cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Patient-Centered Communication on Influenza Vaccination and Self-Reported General Health Status among Asian Americans: A Comparison Model for Young/Middle-Aged and Older Adults:

Objectives: Asian American subgroups' influenza vaccination is still below the US standards. This study examined the effects of patient-centered communication (PCC) on influenza vaccination and the general health (GH) of Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans. A group difference between younger and older adults was investigated. Methods: The 2014-2016 California Health Interview Surveys were merged (Chinese [N = 1,680], Korean [N = 514], and Vietnamese [N = 644]; age 18+; younger = 1,629 and older = 1,209). Two path models (PCC [measured by physicians' careful listening], vaccination, and GH; PCC [measured by physicians' clear explanation], vaccination, and GH) were evaluated. Regression maximum likelihood was applied for missing values. Results: Both the first and second models showed good model fit scores (comparative fit index [CFI] = .95, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .04, and standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = .03; CFI = .93, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .03). There were direct effects of PCC on vaccination among younger adults. PCC directly influenced GH for both age-groups. Discussion: A PCC manual for physicians in local or community health centers could enhance both younger and older adults' influenza vaccination.
Erratum: ``Effects of boron on the deformation behavior of Ni3Al'' [J. Mater. Res. 9, 1742 1754 (1994)]

After this article was published in the July issue of Journal of Materials Research, the authors discovered a few errors. On p. 1746 (last column), Baker et al. were misquoted as suggesting “that some of the boron occupies tetrahedral sites . . . ”. The word “tetrahedral” in this sentence should be replaced by “edge octahedral”. A similar substitution must be made in the first column of p. 1747. The sentence should read, “For this situation, boron seems less likely to occupy the higher energy edge octahedral sites.” Also in the first column of p. 1747, the word “center” should be added so that the next sentence reads “In support of this, Masahashi et al. . . . suggested that boron occupies the center octahedral sites.”
Evaluation framework for selecting wearable activity monitors for research

Background Wearable devices that support activity tracking and other measurements hold great potential to increase awareness of health behaviors and support the management of chronic health conditions. There is a scarcity of guidance for researchers of all disciplines when planning new studies to evaluate and select technologies appropriate for study purpose, population, and overall context. The aim of this study was to develop and test an evaluation framework to rapidly and systematically evaluate and select consumer-grade wearable devices that serve individual study needs in preparation for evaluations with target populations. Methods The wearable evaluation framework was defined based on published literature and past research experiences of the research team. We tested the framework with example case studies to select devices for two different research projects focused on aging-in-place and gestational diabetes. We show how knowledge of target population and research goals help prioritize application of the criteria to inform device selection and how project requirements inform sequence of criteria application. Results The framework for wearable device evaluation includes 27 distinct evaluation criteria: 12 for everyday use by users, 6 on device functionality, and 9 on infrastructure for developing the research infrastructure required to obtain the data. We evaluated 10 devices from four vendors. After prioritizing the framework criteria based on the two example case studies, we selected the Withings Steele HR, Garmin Vivosmart HR+ and Garmin Forerunner 35 for further evaluation through user studies with the target populations. Conclusions The aim of this paper was to develop and test a framework for researchers to rapidly evaluate suitability of consumer grade wearable devices for specific research projects. The use of this evaluation framework is not intended to identify a definitive single best device, but to systematically narrow the field of potential device candidates for testing with target study populations. Future work will include application of the framework within different research projects for further refinement.
Correction to: Teacher Questioning Practices in Early Childhood Science Activities

The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error. The following funding information was missed to include in the article.
High power piezoelectric characterization system (HiPoCS

The bottleneck of the piezoelectric devices in miniaturization is the heat generation owing to the losses. There are three losses in a piezoelectric material; dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric ...
Role of Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) in Epithelial Cancers and Recent Progress in its Small Molecule Targeting for Cancer Management.

The polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases traditionally linked to cell cycle regulation. A structurally unique member of this family, PLK4, has been shown to regulate centriole duplication during the cell cycle via interactions with a variety of centrosomal proteins. Recent findings suggest that PLK4 is overexpressed in various human cancers and associated with poor cancer prognosis. Although several studies have shown that PLK4 inhibition may lead to cancer cell death, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the structure, localization and function of PLK4, along with the functional significance of PLK4 in epithelial cancers and some preliminary work suggesting a role for PLK4 in the key cancer progression process epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also discuss the potential of PLK4 as a druggable target for anti-cancer drug development based on critical analysis of the available data of PLK4 inhibitors in pre-clinical development and clinical trials. Overall, the emerging data suggests that PLK4 plays an essential role in epithelial cancers and should be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target. Continued detailed exploration of available and next-generation PLK4 inhibitors may provide a new dimension for novel cancer therapeutics following successful clinical trials.
Integration of transitory image sequences

A transitory image sequence is one in which no scene element is visible through the entire sequence. This article deals with some major theoretical and algorithmic issues associated with the task of estimating structure and motion from transitory image sequences. Two representations, world-centered (WC) and camera-centered (CC), behave very diferently with a transitory sequence. The asymptotical error properties derived in this article indicate that one representation is signijicantly superior to the other, depending on whether one uses cameracentered or world-centered estimates. Rigorous experiments were conducted with real-image sequences taken by a fully calibrated camera system. The comparison of the experimental results with the ground truth has demonstrated that a good accuracy can be obtained from transitory image sequences.
Lives and Costs Saved by Expanding and Expediting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination.

BACKGROUND: With multiple COVID-19 vaccines available, understanding the epidemiologic, clinical, and economic value of increasing coverage levels and expediting vaccination is important. METHODS: We developed a computational model (transmission and age-stratified clinical and economics outcome model) representing the US population, COVID-19 coronavirus spread (02/2020-12/2022), and vaccination to determine the impact of increasing coverage and expediting time to achieve coverage. RESULTS: When achieving a given vaccination coverage in 270 days (70% vaccine efficacy), every 1% increase in coverage can avert an average of 876,800 (217,000-2,398,000) cases, varying with the number of people already vaccinated. For example, each 1% increase between 40%-50% coverage can prevent 1.5million cases, 56,240 hospitalizations, 6,660 deaths, gain 77,590 QALYs, save $602.8 million in direct medical costs and $1.3 billion in productivity losses . Expediting to 180 days could save an additional 5.8 million cases, 215,790 hospitalizations, 26,370 deaths, 206,520 QALYs, $3.5 billion in direct medical costs, and $4.3 billion in productivity losses. CONCLUSION: Our study quantifies the potential value of decreasing vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccination coverage and how this value may decrease with time it takes to achieve coverage, emphasizing the need to reach high coverage levels as soon as possible, especially before the Fall/Winter.
Drifters and Delinquents: Commitment and Neutralization in Low- and High-Rate Offending Early Adolescents:

The purpose of this study was to compare drift/neutralization and criminal lifestyle interpretations of the neutralization-delinquency nexus in 1,005 (498 boys, 506 girls) youth (mean age = 11.22 y...
Pulsebeat of early Holocene glaciation in Baffin Bay from high-resolution beryllium-10 moraine chronologies

Abstract Beryllium-10 has become the premiere cosmogenic nuclide for quantifying Earth-surface process. Routine measurement of 10Be at the ≤ 2–3% precision level, coupled with precise 10Be production-rate calibrations, now allow for 10Be-based records of glacier and ice-sheet change to be reliably compared to independent records of climate variability. Here, we review efforts over the last 10+ years to characterize the Holocene behavior of ice sheets and glaciers fringing Baffin Bay using in situ 10Be. Hundreds of 10Be measurements present a detailed picture of ice-margin migration through the early Holocene. Widespread net deglaciation was interrupted by ice-margin readvances or stillstands, marked by modes of moraine deposition, near the end of the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 ka BP), 10.4–10.2 ka BP, 9.3 ka BP, and 8.2 ka BP, with perhaps additional widespread moraine deposition occurring ca. 9.7 ka BP and 7.3 ka BP. Modes of moraine deposition encompass independent and glaciologically distinct ice masses – the Greenland and Laurentide ice sheets and local alpine glaciers situated on Baffin Island and western Greenland – providing a robust, albeit discontinuous, record of widespread climatic changes in the Baffin Bay region in the early Holocene. Periods of glacier advance coincide with abrupt cooling events documented in Summit Greenland ice cores indicating that i) Baffin Bay ice masses largely followed the pattern of temperature change displayed in Greenland ice cores, ii) abrupt cooling events were of sufficient magnitude and duration to briefly synchronize the behavior of independent and glaciologically distinct ice masses across Baffin Bay despite varying degrees of dynamical influence, and iii) centennial-scale synchronization of ice masses requires that abrupt temperature changes recorded at Summit Greenland also occurred during the summertime within glacier ablation zones. Advancements in 10Be methodology combined with an environment conducive towards developing 10Be-based records of ice-margin change has resulted in ice-margin reconstructions that identify a potentially fundamental negative feedback mechanism inherent to melting ice sheets in the Baffin Bay region – elevated and episodic meltwater delivery into the Labrador Sea results in a decrease in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and regional cooling, which, in turn, drives a brief reversal of deglaciation. Under the right conditions 10Be can be used to develop centennial-scale, climatically relevant records of glacier and ice-sheet change.
Limitations in the structural determination of a close-packed overlayer

The close-packed metal overlayer system c(10 × 2)Ag/Cu(001) has been the subject of extensive electronic structure studies. These include the examination of the two-dimensional behavior at low coverages, the development from two- to three-dimensionality, and the convergence to three-dimensional dispersion as in Ag(111). It would be of use to have a firmer picture of the placement of the first monolayer Ag atoms (d┴) versus the Cu(001) substrate. However, it will be demonstrated with FEFF that there are fundamental limitations to the extraction of that information with photon-induced electron diffraction.
TU-AB-BRA-12: Impact of Image Registration Algorithms On the Prediction of Pathological Response with Radiomic Textures

Purpose: Tumor regions-of-interest (ROI) can be propagated from the pre-onto the post-treatment PET/CT images using image registration of their CT counterparts, providing an automatic way to compute texture features on longitudinal scans. This exploratory study assessed the impact of image registration algorithms on textures to predict pathological response. Methods: Forty-six esophageal cancer patients (1 tumor/patient) underwent PET/CT scans before and after chemoradiotherapy. Patients were classified into responders and non-responders after the surgery. Physician-defined tumor ROIs on pre-treatment PET were propagated onto the post-treatment PET using rigid and ten deformable registration algorithms. One co-occurrence, two run-length and size zone matrix textures were computed within all ROIs. The relative difference of each texture at different treatment time-points was used to predict the pathologic responders. Their predictive value was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC). Propagated ROIs and texture quantification resulting from different algorithms were compared using overlap volume (OV) and coefficient of variation (CoV), respectively. Results: Tumor volumes were better captured by ROIs propagated by deformable rather than the rigid registration. The OV between rigidly and deformably propagated ROIs were 69%. The deformably propagated ROIs were found to be similar (OV∼80%) except for fast-demons (OV∼60%). Rigidly propagated ROIs with run-length matrix textures failed to significantly differentiate between responders and non-responders (AUC=0.65, p=0.07), while the differentiation was significant with other textures (AUC=0.69–0.72, p 70%). Conclusion: Propagated ROIs using deformable registration for all textures can lead to accurate prediction of pathologic response, potentially expediting the temporal texture analysis process. However, rigid and fast-demons deformable algorithms are not recommended due to their inferior performance compared to other algorithms. The project was supported in part by a Kaye Scholar Award.
The ostracode genera Moorites Coryell and Billings, 1932, and Discoidella Croneis and Gale, 1938, in the Pennsylvanian of the Appalachian basin

Rare to abundant specimens of Moorites Coryell and Billings, 1932, and Discoidella Croneis and Gale, 1938, have been recovered from 13 Pennsylvanian stratigraphic units in the Appalachian basin. Eight species of Moorites, including the new species M. sturgeoni, M. ornatus, M. percultus, and M. erugatus, are recognized. Discoidella is represented by D. lingulata Cooper, 1946. Moorites hewetti Coryell and Billings, 1932, is recognized as the type species of Moorites. An ontogenetic series of M. percultus illustrates changes in shape and ornamentation. Increase in complexity of ornamentation from Lower to Upper Pennsylvanian provides a basis for specific identification.
Toward a Theory on the Stability of Protein Folding: Challenges for Folding Models

We adopt the point of view that analysis of the stability of the protein folding process is central to understanding the underlying physics of folding. Stability of the folding process means that many perturbations do not disrupt the progress from the random coil to the native state. In this paper we explore the stability of folding using established methods from physics and mathematics. Our result is a preliminary theory of the physics of folding. We suggest some tests of these ideas using folding simulations. We begin by supposing that folding events are related in some way to mechanical waves on the molecule. We adopt an analytical approach to the physics which was pioneered by M.V. Berry, (in another context), based upon mathematics developed mainly by R. Thom and V.I. Arnold. We find that the stability of the folding process can be understood in terms of structures known as caustics, which occur in many kinds of wave phenomena. The picture that emerges is that natural selection has given us a set of protein molecules which have mechanical waves that propagate according to several mathematically specific restrictions. Successful simulations of folding can be used to test and constrain these wave motions. With some additional assumptions the theory explains or is consistent with a number of experimental facts about folding. We emphasize that this wave-based approach is fundamentally different from energy-based approaches.
Growth and characterization of large YBa2Cu3O(7-x) single crystals

Centimeter-sized crystal plates of YBa2Cu3O(7-x) have been obtained using a bulk composition and method described by Schneemeyer at al. (1987) modified for growth in a pure oxygen atmosphere. A porous MgO crucible and long soak time promote large crystals. Mg was not detectable in the crystals. Electron microbeam analysis using a 60 A monochromator crystal for the oxygen determination gave the composition Y(1.05)Ba(2.02)Cu(2.94)O(6.52 + or - 0.06). As-grown crystals from the melt surface exhibit a fairly sharp Tc with zero resistance at 80 K, and show complex twinning and crack patterns. Optical micrographs of a lightly polished surface normal to the c-axis of a 3-mm crystal delineate twinning and fine scale microcracking; this crystal surface now has a zero resistance at 68 K. Microhardness measurements and microfracture observations indicate intrinsic properties that may inhibit or impede large scale manufacture of electronic ceramics.
PEDIATRIC PRACTICE: HUMAN MILK AND BREAST-FEEDING

AT THE END OF 1962, the local Directory for Mother9s Milk closed its doors. The decision to terminate the work of a pioneer institution which, at least for the early part of its 52-year existence, had filled vital needs, was not easy. The decision was made, of course, not because human milk had been demonstrated to be inherently any less valuable than it always was for babies. But with the advance of nutritional and technological knowledge, with the rapidly widening availability of sterilizing and refrigerating equipment, and the more prompt control of infections by antibiotic drugs, other ways of feeding babies had become inherently better. It is of some interest that this all happened in one pediatric lifetime. Dr. Fritz B. Talbot, who spoke at the closing ceremonies of the Directory, was the organizer of the service at its beginning (as a Directory for Wet Nurses) in 1910. With rare objectivity and perception, Dr. Talbot chose to express gratitude for a half-century of public health and pediatric progress, rather than alarm over a reduction in the local availability of human milk. Most pediatricians today would probably feel similarly. Many would also join those who reflected that today9s need for services to help mothers initiate breast-feeding is greater than that for organizations to preserve and dispense the milk of one mother so that it can be fed to the infants of others. Few would nowadays think that persuading mothers to initiate breast-feeding is as necessary as helping them to do so. Quite a few mothers are now seeking help which pediatricians and obtetricians might arrange for them in the hurried routines of today9s hospitals.
The Adsorption of H2 and D2 on Fe(110). 1. Helium Scattering as a Probe of Adsorption.

Abstract Results of thermal energy atom scattering (TEAS) measurements of H 2 and D 2 adsorption-desorption kinetics on Fe(110) are presented in detail, with emphasis on the strengths and pitfalls inherent in this recently developed technique. It is shown that, for this system, adlayer coverage is directly related to the height of the specularly scattered peak from an incident helium atomic or deuterium molecular beam. The scattered peak height was used to monitor surface concentration as adsorption or desorption occurred, and at equilibrium. Measurements were carried out both at constant temperatures and during temperature programmed desorption. The cross sections for helium scattering from deuterium and hydrogen on Fe(110) were found to be 3.4 and 3.5 A 2 , respectively. The cross section for D 2 scattering from adsorbed deuterium on Fe(110) was measured as 11.0 A 2 . The initial sticking coefficient and the rate of adsorption were found to be independent of temperature for both H 2 and D 2 . The desorption kinetics were found to be second order, with activation energies of 26.5 kcal/mol (D 2 ) and 25.0 kcal/mol (H 2 ). The isosteric heats of adsorption are 24.7 kcal/mol (D 2 ) and 24.2 kcal/mol (H 2 ).
Prostate cancer progression, metastasis, and gene expression in transgenic mice.

Abstract We previously reported that a transgenic mouse line containing the fetal globin promoter linked to the SV40 T antigen (T Ag) viral oncogene ( Gγ/t-15 ) resulted in prostate tumors. In this study, we further explored tumor origin, frequency, invasiveness, androgen sensitivity, and gene expression pattern. T Ag was detected in adult but not fetal and neonatal prostates, suggesting a role for androgens in tumor progression. However, castration shortly after prostate morphogenesis did not prevent tumor development, suggesting an androgen-independent phenotype. Tumors originated within ventral or dorsal prostate lobes and involved intraepithelial neoplasia, rapid growth in the pelvic region, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant sites. In addition, the primary cancers could be propagated in nude mice or nontransgenic mice. Seventy-five percent of hemizygous and 100% of homozygous transgenic males developed prostate tumors, suggesting a T Ag dosage effect. Biochemical characterization of advanced tumors revealed markers of both neuroendocrine and epithelial phenotypes; markers of terminal differentiation are lost early in tumorigenesis. Tumor suppressor genes ( p53 and Rb ), normally bound to T Ag, were up-regulated; bcl-2 proto-oncogene, which prevents apoptosis, was slightly up-regulated. Myc , a stimulus to cell cycle progression, was unchanged. We propose the Gγ/T-15 transgenic line as a model of highly aggressive androgen-independent metastatic prostate carcinoma with features similar to end-stage prostate cancer in humans.
Law's Dream of a Common Knowledge

Law's Dream of. Common Knowledge Mariana Valverde (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003)
Black workers, defense industries, and federal agencies in Pennsylvania, 1941–1945

(1986). Black workers, defense industries, and federal agencies in Pennsylvania, 1941–1945. Labor History: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 356-384.
Three-dimensional imaging of active structures using earthquake aftershocks: the Northridge thrust, California

Abstract Aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake (M 6.8) allow us to image the structure beneath the San Fernando Valley in northwestern Los Angeles in three dimensions. We combine aftershocks and geological data to build an image of the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of the previously unrecognized, north-vergent Northridge blind thrust to a depth of 21 km. The most striking feature of the imaged fault is mega-corrugations oriented parallel to the mean aftershock slip vector, with most of the 1994 slip confined to west of the largest corrugation. We also image the partially overlying south-vergent San Fernando thrust, which broke to the surface in a complex rupture in 1971 (M 7.1). Both thrusts produce fault-related folding because of either fault propagation or fault bends; however, this deeper folding is masked by overlying complex deformation in the cover, which is one reason why the Northridge thrust was not identified until it ruptured in 1994. We use trishear fold modeling based on our 3-D fault geometry to evaluate possible folding due to slip on the Northridge thrust as well as its interaction with the overlapping San Fernando thrust and with shallow structures in the cover. This example illustrates the importance of earthquake data to structural geology and the value of its 3-D integration with surface and near-surface geological data.
Effects of 5-[S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-thio]-2'-deoxyuridine analog incorporation on the structure and stability of DNA hybrids: implications for the design of nucleic acid probes.

Labeled nucleic acid probes are used as diagnostic tools by detecting changes in gene expression upon hybridization to target RNAs or DNAs that are related to specific disease genes. 5-[S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-thio]-2′-deoxyuridine analog represents an excellent nucleic acid label, containing the DNP group which functions both as a probe and as a precursor for the introduction of a variety of fluorescent groups. This study describes thermal denaturation hybridization experiments with oligonucleotides containing the 5-[S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-thio]-2′-deoxyuridine analog. Using molecular modeling techniques, the effects of this analog on the hybrid structure and stability were examined, including (i) analog conformation, (ii) hydrogen bonding, (iii) stacking interactions and (iv) hybrid helical geometry. This analog does not prohibitively affect the hybrid thermal stability and incorporation of the analog does not compromise the structural integrity of the double helix. In particular, the sequence-dependence of the analog effects and the dependence on the modification site relative to the end(s) of the helix were investigated. Findings described here should provide guidelines in the rational design of nucleic acid probes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Electro physiologic Actions of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in the Isolated, Perfused Canine Heart

To discriminate between the electrophysiologic and arrhythmogenic effects of lidocaine and those of bupivacaine, isolated, perfused canine hearts were exposed to toxic concentrations of the drugs. The preparations included the sinus node and right atrium, and, in some cases, the AV node and interventricular septum as well. Action potentials were recorded from these areas, and right atrial twitch amplitude and spontaneous rate and rhythm were monitored. Heart rate was depressed in a dose-dependent manner by both drugs, as was atrial twitch amplitude. In the absence of arrhythmias, the spontaneous rate decreased less than 30% with lidocaine up to 50 micrograms/ml, and with bupivacaine up to 5 micrograms/ml. The twitch depression reflected a potency ratio for bupivacaine (mol. wt. 288) to lidocaine (mol. wt. 234) on a mass basis of 8.1:1. The most prominent arrhythmia found was sinoatrial block, which was caused by both drugs with a potency ratio for bupivacaine to lidocaine of 15.4:1 and was reversed by 0.02 microgram/ml norepinephrine. Sinus arrhythmias, block of retrograde conduction from AV node to atrium, and irregular rhythms originating within the AV node were observed with both drugs at concentrations similar to those which produced sinoatrial block. The atrial action potential revealed decreased upstroke velocity, overshoot, and height with both lidocaine and bupivacaine, with potency ratios (bupivacaine:lidocaine) ranging from 15:1 to 26:1. In septal cells, both drugs depressed upstroke velocity, and bupivacaine lengthened action potentials by up to 14%, but lidocaine did not. The major difference between bupivacaine and lidocaine in this study was the higher potency of the former agent with respect to electrophysiologic end-points.
Thermoregulation and performance of heat-reinforced autoshaped keypecking in chicks

Performance of autoshaped keypecking reinforced by heat was found to increase and then to decrease when chicks were exposed to training under a constant thermal load on a daily basis over the first 1-2 weeks after hatching. The decline in performance was not affected by variation in US duration (Experiment 1). No decline in performance was observed when food reinforcement was used (Experiment 2), suggesting that the effect depended on the use of thermal motivation. When thermoregulation was disrupted by pharmacological blockade using propranolol hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), keypecking was reinstated (Experiment 3). The increase in keypecking produced by propranolol was not due to a nonspecific energization of behavior inasmuch as the drug depressed autoshaped keypecking established with food reinforcement (Experiment 4). These findings support the conclusion that the decline in autoshaped keypecking reinforced by heat is due to development of the chick's thermoregulatory system. Various physical changes (e.g., feathering) and the increasing effectiveness of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory responses reduce the net motivational value of external heat sources, thus leading to a decline in the likelihood of approach and contact with signals for heat.
The role of Residential Homelikeness in promoting community participation by adults with mental retardation

We tested the influence of (1) the homelike appearance of residences, (2) residential staff-members' attitudes about people with mental retardation and (3) Client IQ on the number of activities adults clients with mental retardation conducted in their community. We tested the hypothesis these three variables exerted their influence by promoting positive staff-member interactions with clients. This was assessed by measuring the duration of Staff-initiated Social Interactions with residential clients. In our initial path model, Residential Homelikeness, Positive Staff Attitudes and Client IQ had no significant direct effect on Community Activities. In the final model, however, Residential Homelikeness and Positive Staff Attitudes exerted a statistically significant influence on Staff-initiated Social Interactions with clients, which in turn, exerted a statistically significant influence on Community Activities. This model illustrated: (1) the nearly equal influence of Staff Attitudes and architectural characteristics on Staff-initiated Interactions; and (2) the role of Staff-initiated Interactions in mediating the influence of Residential Homelikeness on community participation by adults with developmental disabilities.
Sickness Impact of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and its Correlates

AbstractPurpose: There is evidence that many patients experiencing chronic idiopathic prostatitis or prostadynia not only have recurrent physical symptoms but also display a range of psychological symptoms, such as depression or anxiety, suggesting that the symptoms of chronic prostatitis may seriously impact on quality of life and functioning. We investigated the degree of sickness impact of chronic prostatis, and the differential importance of physical and psychological symptoms in predicting sickness impact.Materials and Methods: The sickness impact profile as well as several symptom measures were administered to 39 patients with chronic prostatitis. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate what proportion of the variance in quality of life or functional status was explained by physical and psychological symptoms.Results: The sickness impact profile mean total score of chronic prostatitis patients was within the range of scores reported in the literature for patients suffering myocardial...
Anchoring strength of o-, m-, and p-methyl red-dye-doped nematics on rubbed and unrubbed polyimide surfaces

It is demonstrated that the photoinduced gliding of the easy axis for nematics doped with various azo dyes on rubbed polyimide involves the formation of a second easy axis on the polyimide surface. While some azo dyes, such as disperse orange 3, do not exhibit large surface induced nonlinear effects, other dyes, such as methyl red, do. The amount of reorientation of the easy axis on rubbed polyimide is determined by the relative anchoring strengths of the easy axis formed from adsorbed dye and that formed from rubbing. One question of interest is what is the source of the anchoring strength? In this paper, we discuss the formation of easy axes via the photo-induced adsorption of azo dye. We will compare the anchoring strengths between dyed nematic liquid crystals and the easy axes formed by photoinduced adsorption of three isomers of the methyl red azo dye, ortho, meta, and para , as well as disperse orange 3. We will also discuss the impact of the carboxyl group position in the dye molecule on the anchoring strength.
Comparative amnesic effects of transcorneal and transpinnate ECS in mice

Abstract Transcorneal (TC) or transpinnate (TP) ECS was administered to mice after training in a one-trial passive avoidance apparatus. Retest latencies measured 24 hr later indicated the degree of retention. At 20 mA ECS intensity the two treatments elicited equivalent temporal gradients of amnesia. At 10 mA intensity TC ECS produced a significantly greater decrement in retest latency than did TP ECS; this difference persisted even when the comparison was restricted to only those animals in each group that exhibited full tonic extensor convulsions. These results suggest that retention is more severely impaired by electric currents traversing rostral brain structures than caudal ones.
General approach for the synthesis of macroline/sarpagine related indole alkaloids via the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction: The enantiospecific synthesis of (−)-anhydromacrosalhine-methine

Abstract An enantiospecific total synthesis of (−)-anhydromacrosalhine-methine 3a has been accomplished from D-(+)-tryptophan via the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction. A partial synthesis of 3a from the natural product (+)-ajmaline has also been completed.
MicroRNA group disorganization in aging

Among non-coding RNAs, microRNAs may be one of the best known subgroups, due to their unique function of negatively controlling gene expression, by either degrading target messages or binding to their 3'-untranslated region to inhibit translation. Thus gene expression can be repressed through post-transcriptional regulation, implemented as a 'dimmer switch', in contrast to the all-or-none mode of suppression. Work from our laboratory and others shows that during aging, dysregulated expression of microRNAs generally occurs in groups, suggesting that their actions may be functionally coordinated as a 'pack' by common transcriptional regulators; the accumulation of these 'pack' disorganizations may be the underlying culprit contributing to the pathoetiology of many age-dependent disease states. The fact that many microRNAs are coordinated in their expression, due to either the close proximity of their genomic locations or sharing the same transcriptional regulation, suggests that future strategies for correcting age-dependent microRNA disorganization may need to involve a system biology, rather than a reductionist, approach. Therefore, understanding age-dependent changes of microRNA expression in 'packs' may open an entirely new frontier, i.e. how particular groups of non-coding RNAs, functioning together, contribute to mechanisms regulating aging and longevity.
Hitting the Bull's Eye : Novel Directed Cancer Therapy Through Helicase-Targeted Synthetic Lethality

Designing strategies for anti-cancer therapy have posed a significant challenge. One approach has been to inhibit specific DNA repair proteins and their respective pathways to enhance chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat cancer patients. Synthetic lethality represents an approach that exploits pre-existing DNA repair deficiencies in certain tumors to develop inhibitors of DNA repair pathways that compensate for the tumor-associated repair deficiency. Since helicases play critical roles in the DNA damage response and DNA repair, particularly in actively dividing and replicating cells, it is proposed that the identification and characterization of synthetic lethal relationships of DNA helicases will be of value in developing improved anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss this hypothesis and current evidence for synthetic lethal interactions of eukaryotic DNA helicases in model systems.
Just the facts: mammography saves lives with little if any radiation risk to the mature breast.

Abstract—Mammography screening is one of the major medical advances of the past several decades. Prior to 1990, the death rate from breast cancer had been unchanged in 50 y. Mammography screening began on a national scale in the middle of the 1980s and, as would be expected, the death rate from brea
Binary pulsar with a very small mass function

Much of the interesting physics concerning neutron stars and their evolution depends for its experimental foundation on observations of the rotation rates of pulsars. To continue recent efforts of our group in this area1–3, we began a series of pulse-arrival-time observations of ∼70 pulsars in January 1985. Most of the pulsars in this study were discovered in the Princeton/NRAO pulsar survey of the preceding two years4,5. Soon after we began these observations it became clear that PSR2303+46 was a binary pulsar2; it is now evident that PSR1831–00 is also a member of a binary system, the seventh such radio pulsar known. It moves in an orbit with a period of 1.81 days, a small eccentricity, and an unusually small mass function of 0.00012 M⊙ (where M⊙ is the mass of the Sun). With a period P = 0.521 s and period derivative P≲ 10−17 s s−1, PSR1831–00, like the other known binary pulsars, has a relatively weak magnetic field. We discuss the features of this system that provide clues to its evolutionary history and outline possible models for its formation.
The influence of Microphysics in the Formation of Intense Wake Lows: A Numerical Modeling Study

Abstract A two-dimensional cloud model is used to investigate whether microphysical processes alone within the stratiform rain regions of mesoscale convection systems can induce strong descent and intense surface wake lows accompanying such systems. Idealized simulations are run with a domain that captures the back edge of the stratiform rain region. A simplified microphysical field, representing snow alone, is prescribed within the stratiform cloud to produce radar reflectivities similar to observations. When the prescribed snow field is assumed time-independent, strong subsidence develops but does not induce an intense wake low since microphysical cooling strongly opposes adiabatic warming. Simply increasing snow quantities, although resulting in heavier rain rates and stronger subsidence, does not produce significant pressure falls. However, when precipitation rates are prescribed to decrease with time as might occur with collapsing precipitation cores, subsidence induces greater pressure falls, and a ...
Manganese-rich rock varnish does occur in Antarctica

Abstract Despite accounts to the contrary, we have found that Mn-rich rock varnish is present in Antarctica, as others have before. It is chemically and texturally similar to many varnishes found in lower latitudes. Antarctic varnishes show considerable potential as a dating and paleoenvironmental research tool.
Experimental quantification of annular dark-field images in scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Abstract This paper reports on a method to obtain atomic resolution Z-contrast (high-angle annular dark-field) images with intensities normalized to the incident beam. The procedure bypasses the built-in signal processing hardware of the microscope to obtain the large dynamic range necessary for consecutive measurements of the incident beam and the intensities in the Z-contrast image. The method is also used to characterize the response of the annular dark-field detector output, including conditions that avoid saturation and result in a linear relationship between the electron flux reaching the detector and its output. We also characterize the uniformity of the detector response across its entire area and determine its size and shape, which are needed as input for image simulations. We present normalized intensity images of a SrTiO 3 single crystal as a function of thickness. Averaged, normalized atom column intensities and the background intensity are extracted from these images. The results from the approach developed here can be used for direct, quantitative comparisons with image simulations without any need for scaling.
Real Time Millimeter Wave Imaging

Imaging techniques at millimeter wave-lengths have been developed using an image dissection panel. 1-4 This work is an extension of the pioneering effRrts of Lasser et al in the infrared region, although a complete transformation of the image dissection tube to a solid state counterpart has taken place. Figure 1 shows our basic imaging concept in block diagram form. Various configurations of imaging systems have been explored including transmission and reflection modes, simple and compound lens ar-rangaments, and single and multiple collectors.© (1973) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An economic evaluation of horticultural alfalfa as a substitute for sphagnum peat moss.

Imported sphagnum peat holds a significant share of the US market for horticultural growing media, but the price of the product is relatively high due to transportation costs. Low-quality alfalfa may provide an effective substitute. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics consumers want in a horticultural organic material, to determine the cost competitiveness of an alfalfa-based substitute, and to determine the product's market potential. Results suggest that most consumers would accept alfalfa as a substitute. Production cost estimates range from $111.10 to $162.71 per short ton, depending on the quality of the raw material used. Due to lower transportation costs, the wholesale and retail prices of this new product are estimated to be about 30% lower than sphagnum peat.
MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF COPPER(II) AND NICKEL(II) DERIVATIVES OF SUBSTITUTED BENZENEAZO-5-PYRAZOLONES AND -2,4-PENTANEDIONE

Abstract The synthesis and temperature-dependent magnetic properties of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of 2-hydroxy-benzeneazo derivatives of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and of 2, 4-pentanedione are reported. The copper(II) complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. It is suggested that these compounds form sheetlike polymers with the copper ion acting as the binding agent between the azo groups and that the antiferromagnetism is due primarily to a direct copper-copper interaction between these sheets. The nickel(II) complexes are diamagnetic which is consistent with the suggested polymer structure.
Mutual exclusion in partitioned distributed systems

A network partition can break a distributed computing system into groups of isolated nodes. When this occurs, a mutual exclusion mechanism may be required to ensure that isolated groups do not concurrently perform conflicting operations. We study and formalize these mechanisms in three basic scenarios: where there is a single conflicting type of action; where there are two conflicting types, but operations of the same type do not conflict; and where there are two conflicting types, but operations of one type do not conflict among themselves. For each scenario, we present applications that require mutual exclusion (e.g., name servers, termination protocols, concurrency control). In each case, we also present mutual exclusion mechanisms that are more general and that may provide higher reliability than the voting mechanisms that have been proposed as solutions to this problem.
Using Informative Peripheral Visual and Tactile Cues to Support Task and Interruption Management

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of using informative peripheral visual and tactile cues to support task switching and interruption management. Background: Effective support for the allocation of limited attentional resources is needed for operators who must cope with numerous competing task demands and frequent interruptions in data-rich, event-driven domains. One prerequisite for meeting this need is to provide information that allows them to make informed decisions about, and before, (re)orienting their attentional focus. Method: Thirty participants performed a continuous visual task. Occasionally, they were presented with a peripheral visual or tactile cue that indicated the need to attend to a separate visual task. The location, frequency, and duration parameters of these cues represented the domain, importance, and expected completion time, respectively, of the interrupting task. Results: The findings show that the informative cues were detected and interpreted reliably. Information about the importance (rather than duration) of the task was used by participants to decide whether to switch attention to the interruption, indicating adherence to experimenter instructions. Erroneous task-switching behavior (nonadherence to experimenter instructions) was mostly caused by misinterpretation of cues. Conclusion: The effectiveness of informative peripheral visual and tactile cues for supporting interruption management was validated in this study. However, the specific implementation of these cues requires further work and needs to be tailored to specific domain requirements. Application: The findings from this research can inform the design of more effective notification systems for a variety of complex event-driven domains, such as aviation, medicine, or process control.
Inter-Domain Dynamics of a Novel Chaperone Enables Effective Capture of Membrane Protein Substrates

Protein homeostasis is essential for all cells and requires proper control of the folding, localization and interactions of proteins. The biogenesis of membrane proteins poses a particular challenge to the protein homeostasis network, wherein molecular chaperones play an important role by preventing or reversing membrane protein aggregation, maintaining them in translocation competent states before they reach the membrane destination
DEXTROROTATION OF THE HEART. AN ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF FORTY-ONE CASES.

Dextrorotation of the heart is a morphologic entity characterized by rotation to the right in both frontal and transverse planes of the body; the relative location of the cardiac chambers is normal. In contrast to mirror-image dextrocardia, which results from a defect in lateralization of the entire embryo occurring in the first 10 days of fetal life, dextrorotation results from a teratogenic agent acting in the sixth fetal week. More than 75 per cent of the patients with dextrorotation in this series had associated congenital cardiac anomalies. Corrected transposition of the great vessels was present in eight of 41 patients. A normal electrocardiogram provided a clear differentiation from mirror-image dextrocardia; angiocardiography permitted precise analysis of the in-vivo morphology.
Educational technology professionals worldwide: A compass to international understanding

An International Review section within this special international issue may seem redundant. This regular department usually features articles on research and/or development in countries outside of North America. This “review”, however, does not highlight any one country or program but views the entire world as an appropriate domain for educational technology practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the many opportunities available for competent educational technology professionals to contribute their knowledge and skills in international settings beyond the North American borders.