cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy for human cancer using heat shock protein-peptide complexes.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are primordial and abundant molecules expressed in all cells. Publications starting in 1984 have shown that immunization of mice, rats, and frogs with purified preparations of selected HSPs isolated from cancers leads to protective immunity against the cancer used as the source of the HSP. The basis of the tumorspecific immunogenicity of these molecules lies not in the molecules themselves but in the array of peptides, including antigenic peptides chaperoned by them. These experiments and the ideas derived from them form the basis of an approach to immunotherapy for human cancer that began in 1995 and is now in full swing.
Manipulator control for rover planetary exploration

An anticipated goal of Mars surface exploration missions will be to survey and sample surface rock formations which appear scientifically interesting. In such a mission, a planetary rover would navigate close to a selected sampling site and the remote operator would use a manipulator mounted on the rover to perform a sampling operation. Techniques for accomplishing the necessary manipulation for the sampling components of such a mission have been developed and are presented. We discuss the implementation of a system for controlling a seven (7) degree of freedom Puma manipulator, equipped with a special rock gripper mounted on a planetary rover prototype, intended for the purpose of performing the sampling operation. Control is achieved by remote teleoperation. This paper discusses the real-time force control and supervisory control aspects of the rover manipulation system. Integration of the Puma manipulator with the existing distributed computer architecture is also discussed. The work described is a contribution toward achieving the coordinated manipulation and mobility necessary for a Mars sample acquisition and return scenario.
Social Self-Concept, Social-Attributions, and Peer Relationships in Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Graders Who Are Gifted Compared to High Achievers.

Socially related self-concept, attributions for social success and failure, and peer relationships were investigated for fourth through sixth graders identified as intellectually gifted and a comparison group of high achievers not identified as gifted. The group identified as gifted scored significantly higher on 3 of 4 socially related self-concept subscales (p < .01) and on the general self-concept scale (p < .05) of the Self-Description Questionnaire-I (Marsh, 1988). On the Student Social Attribution Scale (Bell & McCallum, 1995), an interaction effect was noted, with the group identified as gifted scoring higher than the comparison group on attributions for social success due to ability and effort and lower on attributions for social failure due to ability, effort, and task difficulty. Though teachers‘ ratings of peer relationships yielded no differences between the 2 groups, boys across groups were rated significantly higher than girls (p < .05).
Queue Length Estimation Using Connected Vehicle Technology for Adaptive Signal Control

This paper presents a mathematical model for real-time queue estimation using connected vehicle (CV) technology from wireless sensor networks. The objective is to estimate the queue length for queue-based adaptive signal control. The proposed model can be applied without signal timing, traffic volume, or queue characteristics as basic inputs. The model is also developed so that it can work with both fixed-time signals and actuated signals. Furthermore, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to the queue estimation algorithm in this paper for the first time. The purpose of the DWT is to enhance the proposed queue estimation to be more accurate and consistent regardless of the randomness in the penetration ratio. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed model in both pretimed control and actuated control with a microscopic simulator, i.e., VISSIM. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is able to estimate the queue length from VISSIM in the test case with pretimed signal control reasonably well. The results in actuated control cases, which have not been studied previously, showed that the proposed algorithm remains as accurate as the pretimed control cases. The accuracy of the proposed queue estimation algorithm is obtained without relying on basic inputs that other models typically require but are often impractical to obtain. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed queue estimation model is applicable for adaptive signal control using CV technology in practice.
Solutions for a stochastic model of neuronal spike production

Abstract Equations for a random-walk model describing the production of nerve impulses have been derived for the general case in which noisy depolarizations of the membrane potential are subject to a force that tends to restore the potential to an equilibrium, or “resting,” value. This model, corresponding to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, was developed previously to account for observed patterns of firing in neurons in which the membrane potential starting from a fixed value undergoes a one-dimensional random walk and triggers an impulse when its value reaches the critical “threshold value.” Identifying neuron firing intervals with the first-passage time distribution for the associated random walk allows us to predict the interval statistics for a neuron from parameters associated with input to the neuron and certain parameters intinsic to the neuron itselt. The equations for the random-walk model have been solved by several techniques, permitting, for the first time, direct comparison between the output of the model and empirically observed interval distributions.
Weber fraction analogues in social perception: further investigation-a comment.

In the interests of clarification, I should like to point out chat Braun and Haven ( 1962), in reporting a significant difference in AM/M over different vaIues of M, present evidence bearing upon only one of the two criteria which I suggest (1760) for the existence of a Weber Fraction Analogue (WFA) in social perception. These two criteria were stated as: "(a) The difference in magnitudes, AM, between standard and comparison groups perceived as a difference should be some proportion of the magnitude, MI of the standard group, which remains fairly [italics added] invariant over various sizes of M. (b) Ss should demonstrate self-consistency in their individual judgments of differences or AM/M over various values of MJ1 (p. 233). With regard to my first criterion and Braun and Haven's data, I do not believe that a significant difference necessarily negates the existence of WFAs in social perception since one might well expect deviations in the magnitude of the proportion at extreme values as is commonly found in sensory psychophysics (Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1956). The question, as I see it, is whether the values of AM/M are fairly invariant, and from the data plotted in my Fig. 1 (p. 237), I see no cause for concern on this count. Braun and Haven present no data relevant to my second criterion but I might point out that in my research the odd-even correlations for the three groups studied were 36, .87, and .78, suggesting a high degree of self-consistency for AM/M.
Calorimetric Determination of Volatile Reducing Substances

SUMMARY— The iodimetric procedure for determining the amount of reduction of an alkaline potassium permanganate solution which is used as a measure of the content of volatile reducing substances (VRS) has been substituted by a colorimetric one. The net absorbance at 610 mp is determined from the difference in absorbance between the unreacted and reacted 0.02N KMnO4 in N NaOH solution. The microequivalents of reduction corresponding to the net absorbance value is read off a graph showing the linear relationship between the net absorbance and the amount of VRS.
TEACHING JANITORIAL SKILLS TO THE MENTALLY RETARDED: ACQUISITION, GENERALIZATION, AND MAINTENANCE

A task analysis of janitorial skills required for cleaning a restroom was performed. Six subtasks with a total of 181 component responses were identified. Subjects were required to progress through a series of four prompt levels ordered generally from more to less direct assistance for 20 of the most difficult component steps. Another series of four prompts, ordered from less to more direct assistance, was used to teach the other 161 responses. Subjects progressed to the next more intense prompt level contingent on a failure to respond appropriately with less assistance. A multiple baseline across subjects as well as the six subtasks was employed to evaluate the efficacy of the procedures. Six moderately retarded adolescents were trained in their public school. The results show rapid response acquisition, skill generalization to a second restroom, and maintenance of the newly learned behavior. The present research provides evidence of a model for analyzing and training vocational skills to the mentally retarded.
Analysing the Risk of Income-producing Real Estate

Institutional investors typically allocate under 5 per cent of their portfolios to income-producing real estate, yet the results of most academic studies imply that far larger allocations are optim...
An Evaluation of Charge Effects on the Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence in Small Peptides by Iodide Ion

— Charge effects on the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in small peptides by iodide ion have been analyzed by the conventional “static” quenching model and by a recently proposed competitive quenching model. The former involves a fit of the quenching data using two quenching parameters—one for dynamic and one for static quenching contributions. The latter model involves a single parameter fit in which the fitting parameter is the characteristic rate constant for quenching of the fluorescent state. Both models indicate a clear charge effect on the efficiency of quenching by iodide ion. However, the static model results are obscured by the interdependence of the two fitting parameters and the fact that the true physical meaning of the static parameter is uncertain. Rate constants derived from the competitive model can be converted into relative quenching efficiencies. These efficiencies, which vary by more than a factor of two for the molecules studied, are greatest when the positive charge is on the tryptophan and least when this residue contains a negative charge.
Methoprene accelerates age polyethism in workers of a social wasp (Polybia occidentalis)

. Topical applications of the Juvenile Hormone (JH) analogue methoprene to 1-day-old adult workers of the highly eusocial wasp Polybia occidentalis (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) accelerate the rate of age polyethism. Longevity of laboratory-reared wasps is negatively correlated with dose of topically applied methoprene. Doses of 25 μg methoprene or greater are lethal. Untreated wasps show marked age polyethism in the field. Age of first performance of acts in seven behavioural categories (in-nest, transition to outside, non-task on nest envelope, nest maintenance, foraged material handling, defence, and foraging) is negatively correlated with methoprene dose. Topical applications of methoprene accelerate age polyethism of highly eusocial bee and wasp workers, but do not have this effect on primitively eusocial bees and wasps, suggesting that JH control of age polyethism evolved independently in advanced species of Apidae and Vespidae.
Genomic circuits and the integrative biology of cardiomyopathies

A growing body of clinical and experimental evidence has led to the identification of nodal points in the pathways that drive the onset and progression of human cardiomyopathies. Studies of familial forms of human cardiomyopathy have documented that there are links between sarcomeric and cytoskeletal components, and onset of hypertrophic and dilated cardio-myopathy, respectively. Studies of gene-targeted mice suggest that pathways that guide biomechanical signalling, myocyte survival, cardiac calcium cycling and the electrophysiological function of conduction system lineages may play critical roles in the onset of distinct phenotypes that arise in human forms of cardiomyopathy. The present brief review highlights a few of these recent advances and provides a perspective for future clinical and experimental studies.
Do Racial Descriptors Confuse Viewers? The Utility of Suspect Race in Crime Stoppers and Similar Broadcast Descriptions

Local news programs across the country regularly broadcast descriptions of criminal suspects received from law enforcement agencies. For example: “Police describe the suspect as a White male in his mid-forties, about 230 pounds and 6 foot 2 inches tall. He had a moustache and goatee and wore a red t-shirt and jeans.” Do such descriptions really help viewers envision or recognize the correct suspect? This study compares the effectiveness of racially explicit descriptions, those that state a suspect's race, to racially implicit descriptions, those that describe a suspect's skin tone. Results indicate that viewers were more likely to correctly identify a tanned White man or a light-skinned Black man as the suspect when the description detailed the suspect's skin tone rather than stating his race. Racial descriptors generally led viewers to focus on race, sometimes ignoring other characteristics, such as age, also provided in the description. Such descriptors particularly encouraged biased identification of d...
Needle-compatible single fiber bundle image guide reflectance endoscope.

We developed a miniaturized high-resolution low-cost reflectance-mode fiber microscope (RFM) aimed at optical tissue biopsy applications using a polarized imaging configuration to suppress background noise from specular reflectance. The RFM is equipped with an air-cooled light-emitting-diode illumination module and a single 450-µm outer-diameter fiber bundle image guide compatible with a 20-gauge needle. The dual illumination and image acquisition nature of the fiber bundle simplifies the system and reduces the total cost. Imaging tests with a United States Air Force resolution target demonstrate a lateral resolution of ~3.5 µm. The performance of the imaging system is evaluated by examining samples of cells and excised human tissue. Still and video rate images are obtainable in reflectance mode using intrinsic contrast.
Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy on Active Organic Electronic Devices

Polymer- and small-molecule-based organic electronic devices are being developed for applications including electroluminescent displays, transistors, and solar cells due to the promise of low-cost manufacturing. It has become clear that these materials exhibit nanoscale heterogeneities in their optical and electrical properties that affect device performance, and that this nanoscale structure varies as a function of film processing and device-fabrication conditions. Thus, there is a need for high-resolution measurements that directly correlate both electronic and optical properties with local film structure in organic semiconductor films. In this article, we highlight the use of electrical scanning probe microscopy techniques, such as conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), and similar variants to elucidate charge injection/extraction, transport, trapping, and generation/recombination in organic devices. We discuss the use of these tools to probe device structures ranging from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and thin-film transistors (TFT), to light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and organic photovoltaics.
Enterprise text processing: a sparse matrix approach

Documents, both internal and related publicly available, are now considered a corporate asset. The potential to efficiently and accurately search such documents is of great significance. We demonstrate the application of sparse matrix-vector multiplication algorithms for text storage and retrieval as a means of supporting efficient and accurate text processing. As many parallel sparse matrix-vector multiplication algorithms exist, such an information retrieval approach lends itself to parallelism. This enables us to attack the problem of parallel information retrieval, which has resisted good scalability. We use sparse matrix compression algorithms and compare the storage of a subcollection of the commonly used NIST TREC corpus with a traditional inverted index. We demonstrate query processing using a sparse matrix-vector multiplication algorithm. Our results indicate that our approach saves approximately 35% of the total storage requirements for the inverted index. Additionally to improve accuracy, we develop a novel matrix based relevance feedback technique as well as a proximity search algorithm. The results of our experiment to incorporate proximity search capability into the system also indicate 35% less storage for the sparse matrix over the inverted index.
A preliminary account of the rodents from Pleistocene levels at Grotte des Contrebandiers (Smuggler's Cave), Morocco

New excavations at Grotte des Contrebandiers, Temara, Morocco, have uncovered a micromammal fauna from Pleistocene levels of the cave comprising at least three rodent genera: Meriones, Gerbillus an...
Metaphors and the market: Consequences and preconditions of agent and object metaphors in stock market commentary

We investigated two types of metaphors in stock market commentary. Agent metaphors describe price trajectories as volitional actions, whereas object metaphors describe them as movements of inanimate objects. Study 1 examined the consequences of commentators’ metaphors for their investor audience. Agent metaphors, compared with object metaphors and non-metaphoric descriptions, caused investors to expect price trend continuance. The remaining studies examined preconditions, the features of a price trend that evoke agent vs. object metaphors. We hypothesized that the rate of agentic metaphors would depend on the trend direction (upday vs. downday) and steadiness (steady vs. unsteady). Two archival studies tracked the metaphoric content in end-of-day CNBC commentary as a function of daily price trajectories. As predicted, agent metaphors occurred more frequently on updays than downdays and especially so when the trends were relatively steady as opposed to unsteady. This held for both bull (Study 2) and bear market periods (Study 3). Study 4 replicated these findings in a laboratory experiment where participants took the role of stock market commentator.
Dehydration, rehydration, and overhydration alter patterns of gene expression in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica

We investigated molecular responses elicited by three types of dehydration (fast, slow and cryoprotective), rehydration and overhydration in larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica. The larvae spend most the year encased in ice but during the austral summer are vulnerable to summer storms, osmotic stress from ocean spray and drying conditions due to wind and intense sunlight. Using suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH), we obtained clones that were potentially responsive to dehydration and then used northern blots to evaluate the gene’s responsiveness to different dehydration rates and hydration states. Among the genes most responsive to changes in the hydration state were those encoding heat shock proteins (smHsp, Hsp70, Hsp90), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase), detoxification (metallothionein, cytochrome p450), genes involved in altering cell membranes (fatty acid desaturase, phospholipase A2 activating protein, fatty acyl CoA desaturase) and the cytoskeleton (actin, muscle-specific actin), and several additional genes including a zinc-finger protein, pacifastin and VATPase. Among the three types of dehydration evaluated, fast dehydration elicited the strongest response (more genes, higher expression), followed by cryoprotective dehydration and slow dehydration. During rehydration most, but not all, genes that were expressed during dehydration continued to be expressed; fatty acid desaturase was the only gene to be uniquely upregulated in response to rehydration. All genes examined, except VATPase, were upregulated in response to overhydration. The midge larvae are thus responding quickly to water loss and gain by expressing genes that encode proteins contributing to maintenance of proper protein function, protection and overall cell homeostasis during times of osmotic flux, a challenge that is particularly acute in this Antarctic environment.
Theory and numerical calculations for radially inhomogeneous circular ferrite circulators

This paper presents a new theory for the operation of microstrip and stripline circulators, specially set up to permit radial variation of all the magnetic parameters. A computer code, taking only a few seconds per calculated point on a modest computer, was developed from the theory, and calculated results are given. In the theory we develop a two-dimensional (2-D) recursive Green's function G suitable for determining the electric field E/sub x/ anywhere within a microstrip or stripline circulator. The recursive nature of G is a reflection of the inhomogeneous region being broken up into one inner disk containing a singularity and N annuli. G has the correct properties to allow matching to the external ports, thereby enabling s-parameters to be found for a three-port ferrite circulator. Because of the general nature of the problem construction, the ports may be located at arbitrary azimuthal angle /spl phi/ and possess arbitrary line widths. Inhomogeneities may occur in the applied magnetic field H/sub app/, magnetization 4/spl pi/M/sub s/, and demagnetization factor N/sub d/. All magnetic inhomogeneity effects can be put into the frequency dependent tensor elements of the anisotropic permeability tensor. Numerical results are presented for the simpler but immensely practical case of symmetrically disposed ports of equal widths taking into account these radial inhomogeneities. Studies of breaking up the area into 1, 2, and 5 annuli are undertaken to treat specific inhomogeneous problems. The computer code which evaluates the recursive Green's function is very efficient and has no convergence problems.
Replicated lysimeter measurements of tracer transport in clayey soils: Effects of irrigation water salinity

a b s t r a c t Recent studies suggest that standard guidelines for managing salinity in irrigated agriculture overestimate the leaching requirement. Transient-state, process-based model analyses offer the possibility of more efficient water and salinity management, but data are needed to evaluate the accuracy of various subcomponents of the models. In this study, tracer (Br) transport in twelve lysimeters identically packed with clayey soil materials was monitored at eight soil depths and in drainage waters. In the first phase of the experiment (the salinization phase), six of the lysimeters were irrigated with high EC waters (8.1 dS m−1) and six with low EC waters (0.4 dS m−1). In the second phase, all lysimeters were leached with low EC waters (0.4 dS m −1 ). Tracer transport was very different in the high and low EC irrigation treatments, with the high EC treatment exhibiting significant tailing in the breakthrough curves. Due to the replicated experimental design, it was possible to confirm that the differences between the experimental treatments were significant and not due to random deviation. Future research aimed at placing realistic confidence levels on model predictions will allow transient-state models to reach their full potential as water and salinity management tools. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Efficient Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a RNAs in Cell Culture

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (subtypes 1a and 1b) is responsible for the majority of treatment-resistant liver disease worldwide. Thus far, efficient HCV RNA replication has been observed only for subgenomic and full-length RNAs derived from genotype 1b isolates. Here, we report the establishment of efficient RNA replication systems for genotype 1a strain H77. Replication of subgenomic and full-length H77 1a RNAs required the highly permissive Huh-7.5 hepatoma subline and adaptive amino acid substitutions in both NS3 and NS5A. Replication could be detected by RNA quantification, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and metabolic labeling of HCV-specific proteins. Replication efficiencies were similar for subgenomic and full-length RNAs and were most efficient for HCV RNAs lacking heterologous RNA elements. Interestingly, both subtype 1a and 1b NS3 adaptive mutations are surface exposed and present on only one face of the NS3 structure. The cell culture-adapted subtype 1a replicons should be useful for basic replication studies and for antiviral development. These results are also encouraging for the development of adapted replicons for the remaining HCV genotypes.
Link stability models for QoS ad hoc routing algorithms

In an ad hoc network, the topology varies as a result of the mobility of its mobile hosts. Consequently, the task of performing ad hoc network routing is more complex and less efficient. Many ad hoc network routing protocols have been proposed. However, more work is required in developing scalable ad hoc routing protocols that support quality-of-service (QoS). Recently, our study shows that link stability (in term of link survival time) has great impact on QoS performance of routing in ad hoc networks. We developed a number of models which effectively estimate link stability for different network movement patterns. By implementing link stability, which is a standalone network parameter, the QoS performance of varieties of ad hoc routing algorithms could be improved when networks are subjected to topological changes, to variations in traffic loading patterns (including a multitude of traffic classes). In this paper, we show that QoS performance of AODV is improved by implementing link stability parameter.
The right tools for the job: Constructing gender meanings and identities in the male-dominated building trades:

For women in male-dominated occupations, the gender beliefs and expectations of men co-workers create dilemmas for constructing and managing an occupational identity. Women often find themselves in a double bind where they are held accountable to contradictory expectations for a feminine presentation of self and a masculine performance of work. While previous research demonstrates the strength of gender double binds in constraining women’s actions and reproducing the dominant gender system, I argue that these conditions also create possibilities for resistance and change. Based on data from in-depth interviews with women who work in the building trades, this study examines the relationship between structural constraints and women’s agency in their response to normative constructions of gender. Rather than being forced into choosing between a stereotypically ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ role, tradeswomen manipulate gender rules by engaging in reflexive gender displays that emphasize the most advantageous iden...
Institutional Context and Leadership Style: The House from Cannon to Rayburn

This article deals with the transition in House leadership from Cannon to Rayburn. The transition involved moving from a hierarchical pattern of leadership to a bargaining pattern. In accounting for this transition, we argue that it is the institutional context of the House that determines leadership power and style. Moreover, we argue that there is no straightforward relationship between leadership style and effectiveness; rather, style and effectiveness are contingent or situational. We conclude that the impact of institutional context on leadership behavior is itself primarily determined by party strength. When party strength is high, power is concentrated and leaders are task- or goal-oriented, whereas when party strength is low, power is dispersed and leaders will be oriented to bargaining and maintaining relationships.
Using a Framework for Spread of Best Practices to Implement Successful Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Throughout a Large Hospital System

Best practices take time to spread passively, at times contributing to suboptimal results in health care. Managed diffusion, often referred to as "spread," may hasten broad-scale implementation of best practices. At our institution, appropriate use of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis had been markedly improved in select areas by 2 independent quality improvement teams. We wanted to accelerate the adaptation of those locally learned best practices across our entire institution and did so by following an explicit framework for spread. We report our experience using this framework, noting both how the framework helped anticipate needs and what challenges we encountered that were not anticipated based on the spread plan. Using our framework, we were able to spread the changes across more than 79 distinct hospital services, improving use of appropriate VTE prophylaxis to more than 95%. Use of an explicit, well-constructed spread plan allows for an orderly management of diffusion of best practices.
Tweeting and Friending in the Graduate Classroom: Can Social Media Tools Work?

The authors of this paper investigated the use of social media tools to enhance learning in the graduate classroom and created a dialogue about social media as educational tools. This paper examines some possible uses of social media tools like Twitter, Facebook, and Google Apps for mid-to senior –level government students. The design and methodology included looking for examples of social media tools in higher education; selecting faculty at the Information Resources Management College at National Defense University (NDU iCollege) to include these tools in their courses; and surveying faculty and students through focus groups and interviews. The authors found that social media tools may facilitate student collaboration but it must be purposeful and not complicated. Students reported they learned a lot about the tools but sometimes found the experience frustrating. Faculty members said that creating and using the tools was time consuming. Because social media are changing the way people interact with each other, the authors concluded that learning how to use them is an important skill for students of the NDU iCollege and social media may facilitate creativity among students and provide experiential learning for adult students. Further studies are necessary to show a cause and effect relationship.
Measuring Usability in the Database Review Process: Results From a Pilot

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of incorporating user experience study methods into library database purchase and renewal. Purdue University Libraries introduced a heuristic evaluation into an existing yearly database review. Commonly used in usability and human factors engineering, heuristic evaluation is an innovative and dynamic method for librarians to evaluate electronic resources and provide expert feedback to database vendors. A form was developed to streamline the process for the librarians involved. In total, eight librarians evaluated 37 databases as a pilot project. This paper describes the outcome of the pilot.
Radiation Therapy of Cutaneous Lymphoma

Approximately 70,130 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are diagnosed annually in the United States and roughly 10 % occur in the skin. The cutaneous lymphomas are subclassified as primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma or primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (PCTCL), and each subclassification includes a heterogenous group of diseases with different histologies, biologic markers, natural histories, and treatment responses. Mycosis fungoides (MF), a PCTCL, is the most common, making up 50 % of all cutaneous lymphomas. MF has unique systems for diagnosis, staging, and treatment based on clinical trials. Other primary cutaneous lymphomas are sufficiently rare to preclude clinical trials, so retrospective studies have informed treatment strategies. In general, these prospective and retrospective studies in cutaneous lymphomas suggest that skin-directed therapies, such as radiotherapy, surgery, and intralesional chemotherapy or steroids, are effective in indolent histologies, but systemic chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapy in more aggressive histologies. This chapter discusses the major types of primary cutaneous lymphoma and treatment strategies.
Judicial Independence and the Company Law in the Shanghai Courts

The essence of corporate and commercial laws is to protect business and commerce from the threat of political power. – Zheng Guanying (1893) This chapter draws on a detailed study of corporate law adjudication in Shanghai from 1992 to 2008. The purpose of the study was to better understand the demonstrated technical competence, institutional autonomy, and political independence of one court system in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) in a sector outside of the criminal law. The study consisted of a detailed examination and comparison of full-length corporate law opinions for more than 200 reported cases, a 2003 Shanghai High Court opinion on the 1994 Company Law (describing a decade of corporate case outcomes), a 2007 report on cases implementing the Company Law in 2006 (more than 760 cases), and extensive interactions with Shanghai court officials handling such disputes – all for a wide diversity of Shanghai jurisdictions and procedural postures. Due to space limitations, this chapter focuses on the demonstrated independence, and to a lesser extent autonomy, of the Shanghai courts when faced with a completely altered Company Law. THE NEW JUSTICIABILITY OF THE COMPANY LAW Corporate law theory holds that in jurisdictions like the PRC, where the judiciary is regarded as underdeveloped, buffeted by political and other external pressures, and deficient in handling complex cases, company law must be largely self-enforcing and may not be structured to “depend on fast and reliable judicial decisions.
How feasible is the West African eco currency union? A new approach

A recent proposal to expand the CFA Franc zone in West Africa would create a currency union that, in terms of population, would rival the Euro. This new currency union would include Nigeria, which would have the largest GDP, and which is also, unlike most other current and proposed members, heavily dependent on oil exports. Synchronization of business cycles across the nations of this new monetary union would be important in assuring its feasibility. In this paper, we apply a recently developed set of tools and find, first, that by some salient measures, the proposed nations in this union exhibit less business cycle coherence than those of the euro zone prior to its launch. Secondly, Nigeria seems especially ill-suited for this new currency. Finally, it does not appear, based on the experience of several nations, that the act of joining the currency union increases business cycle synchronization, contrary to the “Endogenous Optimal Currency Area” hypothesis.
A randomized controlled pilot trial to improve advance care planning for LVAD patients and their surrogates.

Abstract Objectives To examine feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of an advance care planning (ACP) intervention, SPIRIT-HF, in LVAD patients and their surrogates. Background LVADs may improve HF symptoms but they are not curative. Thus, ACP is needed to prepare patients and surrogates for end-of-life (EOL) decision-making. Methods Bridge to transplant and destination therapy LVAD patient-surrogate dyads were randomized to either SPIRIT-HF or usual care. Percentages of eligible dyads who were enrolled and completed the study determined feasibility. Analysis of interviews with SPIRIT dyads determined acceptability. Group comparisons of dyad congruence, patient's decisional conflict, and surrogate's decision-making confidence determined preliminary effects. Results Of 38 eligible dyads, 29 (76%) were enrolled, randomized, and completed the study. The 14 intervention dyads characterized SPIRIT-HF as beneficial. All dyads demonstrated improvement in outcomes. However, SPIRIT-HF dyads tended toward greater congruence on patient EOL treatment goals. Conclusions SPIRIT-HF is feasible and acceptable. Results will inform future trials.
Transport stability of pesticides and PAHs sequestered in polyethylene passive sampling devices

Research using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers has steadily increased over the past two decades. However, such research efforts remain hampered because of strict guidelines, requiring that these samplers be quickly transported in airtight metal or glass containers or foil wrapped on ice. We investigate the transport stability of model pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with varying physicochemical properties using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bags instead. Transport scenarios were simulated with transport times up to 14 days with temperatures ranging between -20 and 35 °C. Our findings show that concentrations of all model compounds examined were stable for all transport conditions tested, with mean recoveries ranging from 88 to 113 %. Furthermore, PTFE bags proved beneficial as reusable, lightweight, low-volume, low-cost alternatives to conventional containers. This documentation of stability will allow for more flexible transportation of LDPE passive samplers in an expanding range of research applications while maintaining experimental rigor.
Brush border antibodies of Heymann nephritis of rats in normal human serum.

SummaryBrush border antibody of Hey-mann nephritis of rats was detected in 36.0% of normal human sera by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Persons with blood group B were less likely to develop this antibody. Its existence in the serum may or may not be related to the genesis of idiopathic membranous glomerulo-nephropathy in humans. Many investigators are looking for BB Ab in the sera of patients with renal disease; thus, it is important to know that BBAb can exist in the sera of normal human controls who do not have any clinical evidence of renal disease. Further studies on this subject will be needed to understand the significance of this observation. Possibilities to explain this observation are presented.I thank Ms. Barbara Schiffauer and Ms. Rebecca Turinic for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Kidney Foundation of Ohio, Inc., and General Research Support Grant No. RR-05410-14, NIH.
MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF CLOSING SHAPEOF CRACK INDUCED BY WATERFRAC TREATMENT

In recent years,extensive attention is poured into the waterfrac treatment for its simple application and low fracturing costs,and it has already made an obvious effect to increase the yield for the fracturing in some low permeability reservoirs.It is well known that the effect on waterfrac treatment mainly comes from the roughness and relative shear moving in the crack surfaces,but the theoretical researches are not so many on the crack closing shape of waterfrac treatment,and there are not some effective theories to guide the construction in oil field.Based on the full inspection of the relevant literature at home and abroad,the fracture characteristic is analyzed for the waterface treatment and the crack closing shape is analyzed with the mechanical methods.The shear strength models are established for waterfrac treatment under the partial crack opening and shear moving of the crack surface.It reveals the mechanism and the reasons for increasing well production from waterfrac treatment and it will also provide a theoretical basis for the future constructional design in waterface treatment.
Growth factor-mediated proliferation in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of human lymphoid tumors, primarily of B cell lineage, which appear to represent arrested stages in B lymphocyte differentiation. Control of cell proliferation is a fundamentally important but poorly understood area of study in these tumors. We have studied a representative group of B cell NHLs to assess their potential for growth factor-mediated proliferation in vitro. Our results show that purified monoclonal NHL B cells of the small cell (well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, etc) type, that were positive for the human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen could be stimulated by human B cell growth factor (BCGF) to proliferate in vitro. Other B cell activators such as insoluble anti-Ig and the mitogen protein A also could stimulate thymidine incorporation in the lymphoma cell populations. In vitro lymphoma cell growth could be maintained in the presence of the growth factor for up to five weeks. The large B cell type NHL, however, appeared to be refractory to in vitro stimulation by BCGF as well as other stimulators of normal B cells. These studies suggest that human B cell lymphoid tumors are not only phenotypically similar to their normal B lymphocyte counterparts, but are also sensitive in some cases, to the same types of immunoregulatory molecules that control normal lymphoid cell growth.
Axisymmetric Heat Transfer

In this chapter we introduce axisymmetric elements for heat transfer problems in axisymmetric domains. First, we discuss the radially symmetric finite element that reduces to the one-dimensional case, similar to the one studied in Chapter 3, and present examples of heat conduction in axisymmetric solids. Next we derive the linear triangular and bilinear rectangular elements for standard linear heat transfer problems in both solid and fluid medium, and then we present an application of the element for a nonlinear heat transfer problem. We also provide a finite element Fortran code that uses the axisymmetric linear triangular element and a Newton’ iterative solver as well as numerical solutions of an industrial example.
Opaque and Transparent Narrative

‘Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and shells’ (Pr 10–11). In this manner the second paragraph of the ‘Proteus’ chapter begins, and it would be only partially disingenuous to contend that nothing has quite prepared the reader for a sentence of such clear and open presentation, since many similar sentences in the first two chapters, ‘Telemachus’ and ‘Nestor’, are as lucid and direct. The sentences that open those first two chapters have the same quality and capacity for active narration:
James Kreines, Reason in the World: Hegel's Metaphysics and Its Philosophical Appeal. Reviewed by

This book defends a new interpretation of Hegel's theoretical philosophy, according to which it has a single organizing focus, giving philosophical force to his arguments in his central Science of Logic, and undercutting prominent worries. The focus is not epistemology or skepticism, but the metaphysics of reason in the world.
Secretory Component in Breast Cancer: Correlations with Patient AGE and Hormone Receptor Levels in Primary Breast Tumors

Abstract The present study was undertaken to examine relationships of secretory component (SC) to patient age, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors in primary breast tumors. SC was measured in tumor cytosols from 76 patients by a radioimmunoassay which recognizes primarily free SC. Mean SC levels in tumors from premenopausal patients were not significantly lower than levels measured in postmenopausal patients. Significant differences, however, were found when SC levels were correlated with hormone receptor content. Mean SC levels were higher in estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive tumors than in receptor-negative tumors. The findings from this study, in conjunction with previous data from our laboratory showing that SC is under hormonal control in the uterus, suggest that tumor SC levels may provide valuable information about the hormone responsiveness of tumors.
Evolutionary Perspectives on Affectionate Communication

From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, the tendency to communicate affection is adaptive insofar as it contributes directly and indirectly to survival and reproductive success. This article explores this possibility by explaining the principles of evolution and evolutionary psychology and identifying three specific arenas in which survival and procreation are enhanced by affectionate communication. Keywords: affection; affection exchange theory; evolution
Acoustical Analysis of Vowel Duration in a Person with Broca’s Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech

This proposal is an acoustical analysis of articulation errors produced by a single patient with severe apraxia co-occuring with Broca’s aphasia. The subject’s ability to name simple objects within a short phrase is studied to understand patterns of error production. Relating articulation errors to the linguistic rules of English will help us understand articulatory breakdowns in apraxic speech. Findings from this research will lead to creating more effective treatment strategies to help people with apraxia communicate more meaningfully. Both, apraxia and aphasia impair speech, but with therapy can be improved significantly. Together, they severely impede spoken communication and make seemingly simple speech tasks very challenging. By analyzing the way sounds are produced and the errors made, it is possible to develop a new strategy for therapy.
Conductive textiles for wearable electronics

We present a new class of conductive textiles, already demonstrated for a variety of flexible antennas and integrated wireless devices. Our approach is based on silver-coated polymer filaments that are bundled in groups of 7s to 600s to form commercial threads (E-threads) for use in regular embroidery machines. Doing so, we have been able to create any shape or form of a surface on a garment with geometrical precision as high as 0.1mm. If needed, our conductive surfaces can be colorful, and further integrated with flexible polymer substrates. Importantly, their conductivity is as good as that of copper, even after rough treatments. Overall, this technology brings forward several new possibilities for wearable electronics.
Reduction of direct-tunneling gate leakage current in double-gate and ultra-thin body MOSFETs

The impact of energy quantization on gate tunneling current is studied for double-gate and ultra-thin body MOSFETs. The lower vertical electric field in the channel of these thin-body devices causes a reduction in gate leakage by as much as an order of magnitude. The additional effects of channel doping and high-k dielectrics are also investigated.
Asymmetric Notch Amplification to Secure Stem Cell Identity

Stem cells self-renew and produce progenitors with limited proliferative potential. Reporting in Developmental Cell, Liu et al. (2017) demonstrate that in some neural stem cells, Notch activity is asymmetrically amplified by a positive feedback loop with the super elongation complex (SEC) to quickly differentiate between stem cells and progenitors.