cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Latency Mechanisms for Near-Threshold Operation of Private Caches in Shared Memory Multicores

Near-threshold voltage operation is widely acknowledged as a poten- tial mechanism to achieve an order of magnitude reduction in energy consumption in future processors. However, processors cannot operate reliably below a minimum voltage, Vccmin, since hardware components may fail. SRAM bitcell failures in memory structures, such as caches, typically determine the Vccmin for a processor. Although the last-level shared caches (LLC) in modern multicores are protected using error correcting codes (ECC), the private caches have been left unprotected due to their performance sensitivity to the latency overhead of the ECC. This limits the operation of the processor at near-threshold voltages.In this paper, we propose mechanisms for near-threshold operation of private caches that do not require ECC support. First, we present a fine-grain mechanism to disable cache lines in private caches, with bitcell failures at the target near-threshold voltage. Second, we propose two mechanisms to better manage the capacity-stressed private caches. (1) We utilize the OS-level data classification of private and shared data and evaluate a data placement mechanism that dynamically relocates the private data blocks to the LLC slice that is physically co-located with the requesting core. (2) We propose an in-hardware yet low-overhead runtime profiling of the locality of each cache line that is classified as private data, and only allow such data to be cached in the private caches if it shows high spatio- temporal locality. These mechanisms allow the private caches to rely on the local LLC slice to cache the low-locality private data efficiently, and enable more space to hold the more frequently used private data (as well as the shared data). We show that combining cache line disabling with efficient cache management of private data performs better (in terms of application completion times) than using a single error correction double error detection (SECDED) based ECC mechanism and/or cache line disabling.
Oral complications in patients receiving treatment for malignancies other than of the head and neck

Thirty-nine percent of 93 randomly selected patients with cancer not of the head and neck had oral complications associated with their treatment. Oral complications in patients being treated for malignancies that were not in the head and neck were studied. Age, type of therapy, and type of malignancy were factors related to the prevalence of oral complications. Mucosal ulcerations, xerostomia, and bacterial and fungal infections were the most frequently encountered oral problems. The frequency of oral complications in these patients indicates the need for an awareness and involvement of dental practitioners in their management.
Targeting Gβγ Signaling to Inhibit Prostate Tumor Formation and Growth

Prostate cancer starts as androgen-dependent malignancy and responds initially to androgen ablative therapy. Beneficial effects of androgen ablation, however, are often temporary and the cancer reappears as androgen-independent tumor, suggesting the existence of additional factors responsible for progression of the disease. Attention has focused on receptor tyrosine kinases as the growth mediators of androgen-independent prostate cancer; overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptors or their ligand heparin-bound epidermal growth factor, for example, promotes transition to androgen independence. Emerging data demonstrate involvement of another class of cell membrane-anchored receptors, the heterotrimeric guanine-binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in prostate cancer. In vitro, stimulation of many endogenous GPCRs induces mitogenic signaling and growth of prostate cancer cells. The GPCRs transduce mitogenic signals via activated G proteins in the form of Galpha-GTP and Gbetagamma subunits. Here, we show that expression of a Gbetagamma inhibitor peptide derived from carboxy terminus of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 obliterates serum-regulated prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and prevents prostate tumor formation in vivo. We also demonstrate that inhibition of Gbetagamma signaling retards growth of existing prostate tumors by inducing cell death. These data establish a central role for heterotrimeric G proteins in prostate cancer and suggest targeted inhibition of Gbetagamma signaling may serve as specific molecular therapy tool to limit pathologic growth of advanced prostate cancer.
Platinum-decorated carbon nanotubes for hydrogen oxidation and proton reduction in solid acid electrochemical cells

Pt-decorated carbon nanotubes (Pt-CNTs) were used to enhance proton reduction and hydrogen evolution in solid acid electrochemical cells based on the proton-conducting electrolyte CsH_2PO_4. The carbon nanotubes served as interconnects to the current collector and as a platform for interaction between the Pt and CsH_2PO_4, ensuring minimal catalyst isolation and a large number density of active sites. Particle size matching was achieved by using electrospray deposition to form sub-micron to nanometric CsH_2PO_4. A porous composite electrode was fabricated from electrospray deposition of a solution of Pt-CNTs and CsH_2PO_4. Using AC impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, the total electrode overpotential corresponding to proton reduction and hydrogen oxidation of the most active electrodes containing just 0.014 mg cm^(−1) of Pt was found to be 0.1 V (or 0.05 V per electrode) at a current density of 42 mA cm^(−2) for a measurement temperature of 240 °C and a hydrogen-steam atmosphere. The zero bias electrode impedance was 1.2 Ω cm2, corresponding to a Pt utilization of 61 S mg^(−1), a 3-fold improvement over state-of-the-art electrodes with a 50× decrease in Pt loading.
Addressing the Challenges of HTTP-Based Mobile/Cloud Interaction

A new trend is the construction of mobile cyber-physical applications that rely on sensor measurements from multiple mobile devices and back-end processing power in the cloud. Most of these applications use HTTP for network communication, which adds significant data marshaling, threading, synchronization, and other complexities to the device-cloud interactions. This paper presents an architectural approach for using distributed object computing concepts and web sockets to address the key challenges of simultaneously supporting legacy HTTP-based infrastructure and providing simplified mobile/cloud interactions.
Pair interaction of charged colloidal spheres near a charged wall

Although equally charged colloidal particles dispersed in clean water are expected to repel each other, an unexplained long-range attraction has consistently been reported for charged colloidal spheres confined by charged macroscopic surfaces. We present an alternative equilibrium measurement of the pair interaction energy for charged spheres near a single charged wall. Analyzing their radial distribution functions for different concentrations reveals a purely repulsive sphere-sphere interaction that is well described by a screened Coulomb potential.
Hours Worked by Husbands and Wives

THIS article uses a simultaneous equation model to explain the number of hours of paid market work by husbands and wives. The analysis is restricted to married couples living together where both wife and husband have jobs working for money. Within this context, whites and blacks are compared as salaried, union hourly, and nonunion hourly groups. The substitutability or complementarity of husbands' and wives' hours of market work is examined. Black husbands appear to treat their wives' work as complementary to their own hours of work. On the other hand, white husbands on salaries appear to see their wives' work as a substitute for their own work.
Approximating the Little Grothendieck Problem over the Orthogonal Group

The little Grothendieck problem (a special case of Boolean quadratic optimization) consists of maximizing P ij Cijxixj over binary variables xi 2 f 1g, where C is a positive semidenite matrix. In this paper we focus on a natural generalization of this problem, the little Grothendieck problem over the orthogonal group. Given C 2 R dn dn a positive semidenite matrix, the objective is to maximize P ij tr C T ijOiO T restricting Oi to take values in the group of orthogonal matrices O(d), where Cij denotes the (ij)-th d d block of C. We propose an approximation algorithm, to which we refer as Orthogonal-Cut, to solve the little Grothendieck problem over the group of orthogonal matrices O(d) and show a constant approximation ratio. Our method is based on semidenite programming where the relaxation is inspired by the work of Goemans and Williamson in the context of the MaxCut problem. For a given d 1, we show a constant approximation ratio of 2, where d is the expected average singular value of a d d matrix with random GaussianN 0; 1 i.i.d. entries. For d = 1 we recover the known 2 = 2= approximation guarantee for the classical little Grothendieck problem. Orthogonal-Cut also serves as an approximation algorithm for several applications including the Procrustes problem where it improves over the best previously known approximation ratio of 1 2 p 2 . The little Grothendieck problem falls under the larger class of problems approximated by an algorithm recently proposed in the context of the non-commutative Grothendieck inequality. Nonetheless, our approach is simpler and gives a better approximation ratio.
Hotspots of news articles: Joint mining of news text & social media to discover controversial points in news

We propose and study a novel problem of mining news text and social media jointly to discover controversial points in news, which enables many applications such as highlighting controversial points in news articles for readers, revealing controversies in news and their trends over time, and quantifying the controversy of a news source. We design a controversy scoring function to discover the most controversial sentences in a news article by leveraging relevant comments in Twitter and comments on news web sites to assess the controversy of opinions about an issue mentioned in the news article. Multiple scoring strategies based on sentiment analysis and linguistic cues are proposed and studied. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively discover controversial parts in news articles.
Obliterative Muscularization of the Small Bowel Submucosa in Crohn Disease

Abstract Context.—The pathology of small bowel obstruction in Crohn disease has not been studied extensively. Stricture formation has been attributed mainly to fibrosis, although muscularization of...
Cell membrane-formed nanovesicles for disease-targeted delivery

Vascular inflammation is the underlying component of most diseases. To target inflamed vasculature, nanoparticles are commonly engineered by conjugating antibody to the nanoparticle surface, but this bottom-up approach could affect nanoparticle targeting and therapeutic efficacy in complex, physiologically related systems. During vascular inflammation endothelium via the NF-κB pathway instantly upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) which binds integrin β2 on neutrophil membrane. Inspired by this interaction, we created a nanovesicle-based drug delivery system using nitrogen cavitation which rapidly disrupts activated neutrophils to make cell membrane nanovesicles. Studies using intravital microscopy of live mouse cremaster venules showed that these vesicles can selectively bind inflamed vasculature because they possess intact targeting molecules of integrin β2. Administering of nanovesicles loaded with TPCA-1 (a NF-κB inhibitor) markedly mitigated mouse acute lung inflammation. Our studies reveal a new top-down strategy for directly employing a diseased tissue to produce biofunctional nanovesicle-based drug delivery systems potentially applied to treat various diseases.
Arrestins as multi-functional signaling adaptors.

Arrestins are versatile regulators of cellular signaling expressed in every cell in the body. Arrestins bind active phosphorylated forms of their cognate G-protein-coupled receptors, shutting down G-protein activation and linking receptors to alternative signaling pathways. Arrestins directly interact with more than 20 surprisingly diverse proteins, such as several Src family kinases, ubiquitin ligases, protein phosphatases, microtubules, etc., and serve as scaffolds facilitating signaling in two MAP kinase cascades, leading to the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK3. A number of arrestin-binding partners are key players in signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic death, which make arrestin interactions with these proteins inviting targets for therapeutic intervention. For example, enhancement of pro-survival or pro-apoptotic arrestin-dependent signaling is a promising strategy in treating disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases or cancer, respectively. Recent studies show that in the cell arrestin exists in at least three distinct conformations, free, receptor-bound, and microtubule-bound, with very different signaling capabilities. Precise identification of arrestin elements mediating its interactions with each partner and elucidation of conformational dependence of these interactions will pave the way to the development of molecular tools for targeted enhancement or attenuation of arrestin interactions with individual partners. This structural information is necessary to devise conventional drug-based approaches and to engineer specialized “designer” arrestins that can compensate for defects in receptor regulation associated with congenital disorders and/or redirect arrestin-mediated signaling to desired pathways. Arrestins are at the crossroads of crucial pathways that determine cell fate and behavior. Therefore, targeted manipulation of arrestin-dependent signaling has an enormous therapeutic potential.
A Tangled Web: The Sales and Use Tax Implications of Operating Interactive Web Sites

The author examines potential state sales and use tax applications to interactive Web sites, arguing that states have adopted inconsistent rules regarding downloaded products. He asks if states will treat interactive Web sites in the same manner as downloaded software, and stresses the importance to companies involved in electronic commerce of staying informed on tax developments "in every area in which consumers reside."
Defining the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) in Drug Development and Toxicity

The sequencing of human genome has lead to define the variations among humans, which is quite astonishing. Before sequencing of human genome, variant among genes were observed as mutations. It was known that mutations in key regulatory and functional genes cause diseases. With the advent of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among genes, which is believed to be present in every 1.0 kb in human genome (3X10 6 SNP in 3X10 9 bps genome), has changed the very paradigm of disease progression, drug action and toxicity. Before sequencing of the human genome, such variations were thought far less to exist. Although SNPs are found every 1.0 kb sequence but they are not uniformly distributed. In addition to be present in regulatory sequences, SNPs are found in introns and intergenic sequences. Determining the effects of these variants on biological process is a daunting task. Utilizing the modern molecular biological techniques, the role(s) of the regulatory SNPs has been defined for many genes. However, the structural SNPs, which are part of the coding sequences of genes, have been difficult to define. Models to describe the messenger RNA stability (Mfold analysis) due to such SNPs are welcome and can be used to define mRNA stability. However, such a correlation in terms of end product as protein is still confusing. Attempts have been made to decipher the gene function of individual SNP variant what is referred as “allelic expression variant” of haplotype as compared to wild type. In this context it is noteworthy that allelic variants have been found to possess varying activities. In addition to SNPs, multinucleotide polymorphism in terms of double nucleotide polymorphism (DNPs) and triple nucleotide polymorphism (TNPs) have also been observed in human genome. Frequency of DNPs and TNPs are far less as compare to SNPs. Comparison of DNPs and TNPs from Chinese and Venter data demonstrate that a total of 164 in Chinese and 127 in Venter as DNPs were found. A far less TNPs (3 with Chinese and 6 with Venter genome) were found. It is predicted that SNPs leads to nonsynonimous substitution with 50-50 occurrence while DNPs cause higher nonsynonimous substitutions. DNPs are predicted to convert stop codon into read through codon but both Chinese and Venture genome did not possess any read through DNPs [1].
Mechanistic understanding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the thermal degradation of tires under various oxygen concentration atmospheres.

The thermal degradation of tires under various oxygen concentrations (7–30%/Bal. N2) was investigated thermo-gravimetrically at 10 °C min–1 heating rate over a temperature range from ambient to 1000 °C. Significant mass loss (∼55%) was observed at the temperature of 300–500 °C, where the thermal degradation rate was almost identical and independent of oxygen concentrations due to simultaneous volatilization and oxidation. A series of gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) measurements taken from the effluent of a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) unit at temperature of 300–5000 °C leads to the overall thermal degradation mechanisms of waste tires and some insights for understanding evolution steps of air pollutants including volatile organic carbons (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In order to describe the fundamental mechanistic behavior on tire combustion, the main constituents of tires, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyisoprene (IR), has been investigated in the same expe...
Coaching and demonstration of evidence-based book-reading practices: Effects on Head Start teachers’ literacy-related behaviors and classroom environment

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of coaching with versus without demonstrations of evidence-based book-reading practices on teachers’ use of strategies during independent book-reading periods. A total of 22 Head Start teachers were randomly assigned to one of two cohorts. One cohort (n = 12) participated in biweekly coaching sessions that included having coaches demonstrate how to incorporate a focus on key literacy skills while reading books aloud to students (C + D); the other cohort (n = 10) participated in coaching sessions that did not include explicit demonstration and modeling of evidence-based book-reading practices (C-only). Postintervention observations revealed that teachers in the C + D cohort engaged in behaviors and interactions during their book reading that focused on phonological awareness, alphabet and word knowledge, and print and book awareness to a greater extent than did teachers in the C-only cohort. Cohort differences were also found during an observed small-group activity a...
Efficacy of tolvaptan in patients with refractory ascites in a clinical setting.

CONCLUSION: Administration of TLV results in better control of refractory ascites and reduced the incidence of additional invasive procedures or hospitalization compared with conventional ascites treatments.
Will Other Circuits Copy the 11th? The Impact of Cambridge and the Determination of Fair Use in Educational Settings

The ability of a person to control their creative and inventive works was so important to the early leaders of the United States of America; the right was enshrined in Article I of the United States Constitution. United States Congress acted to codify the common-law doctrine of fair use through its insertion in the Copyright Act of 1976. However, the language of the statute does not indicate how those who wish to make use of the provision of fair use are to apply the factors, just that the listed factors “shall be considered” on for each “particular work”. The statute gives no direction on how the four factors are to be weighted. Further, the list allows for the consideration of additional factors outside of the list. Even in cases where only the factors are applied, the language of the statute, as the common law doctrine before it, is so open to interpretation that it is “so flexible as virtually to defy definition.” While the Supreme Court of the United States has ruled on three cases furthering and clarifying with each case the nuances of the application of fair use in the last thirty years, the various federal circuits have continued to show variations in the way the four factors, and the Supreme Court of the United States rulings, are applied and weighted in reviewing cases where fair use is used as an affirmative defense. This note reviews a sampling of cases from each of the Federal Circuits where cases involving fair use have been recently decided, the fair use factors discussed, and how the rationale and application of the factors may have varied.
Higher Education Institutional Buyers’ Perceptual Profiles of Vendor Attributes for Standard and Special Products

Purchasing management should assume great significance, especially from a cost control point of view. Unfortunately, even though the need for purchasing efficiency in the higher educational institutions is well recognized, very little research has been reported. Most of the earlier research in hospital buying behavior was essentially descriptive in nature and dealt with purchasing decision-making process in the higher educational institutions’ context.
Clinical Diagnostics and Patient Stratification for Use in the Dental Office

Diagnostics and prognostics in dentistry can be applied to stratify patients according to risk for individualized disease forecasting and, ultimately, targeting resources to maximize health outcomes. Traditional clinical measures of periodontal disease show a history of tissue destruction but are unable to determine biologic onset or initiation of inflammation and fail to predict susceptibility to or progression of disease. The state of the art in periodontal diagnostics is point-of-care (POC) periodontal methods (use of microbial, protein biomarker, and genetic measures). POC methods may use lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices to analyze oral fluids such as saliva. This technology can be applied for patient risk stratification and predictive modeling to optimize personalized care in the dental office to target healthcare resources to those at highest risk.
Safe Routes to Play? Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes Near Parks in Los Angeles

Abstract Background Areas near parks may present active travelers with higher risks than in other areas due to the confluence of more pedestrians and bicyclists, younger travelers, and the potential for increased traffic volumes. These risks may be amplified in low-income and minority neighborhoods due to generally higher rates of active travel or lack of safety infrastructure. This paper examines active travel crashes near parks and builds on existing research around disparities in park access and extends research from the Safe Routes to School and Safe Routes to Transit movements to parks. Methods We utilized the Green Visions Parks coverage, encompassing Los Angeles County and several other cities in the LA Metropolitan area. We used negative bionomial regression modeling techniques and ten years of geolocated pedestrian and bicyclist crash data to assess the number of active travel injuries within a quarter mile (~400 m) buffer around parks. We controlled for differential exposures to active travel using travel survey data and Bayesian smoothing models. Results Of 1,311,736 parties involved in 608,530 crashes, there were 896,359 injuries and 7317 fatalities. The number of active travel crash injuries is higher within a quarter-mile of a park, with a ratio of 1.52 per 100,000 residents, compared to areas outside that buffer. This higher rate near parks is amplified in neighborhoods with high proportions of minority and low-income residents. Higher traffic levels are highly predictive of active travel crash injuries. Conclusions Planners should consider the higher risks of active travel near parks and the socioeconomic modification of these risks. Additional traffic calming and safety infrastructure may be needed to provide safe routes to parks.
Examining the Predictive Relations between Two Aspects of Self-Regulation and Growth in Preschool Children's Early Literacy Skills.

There is strong evidence that self-regulatory processes are linked to early academic skills, both concurrently and longitudinally. The majority of extant longitudinal studies, however, have been conducted using autoregressive techniques that may not accurately model change across time. The purpose of this study was to examine the unique associations between 2 components of self-regulation, attention and executive functioning (EF), and growth in early literacy skills over the preschool year using latent-growth-curve analysis. The sample included 1,082 preschool children (mean age = 55.0 months, SD = 3.73). Children completed measures of vocabulary, syntax, phonological awareness, print knowledge, cognitive ability, and self-regulation, and children's classroom teachers completed a behavior rating measure. To examine the independent relations of the self-regulatory skills and cognitive ability with children's initial early literacy skills and growth across the preschool year, growth models in which the intercept and slope were simultaneously regressed on each of the predictor variables were examined. Because of the significant relation between intercept and slope for most outcomes, slope was regressed on intercept in the models to allow a determination of direct and indirect effects of the predictors on growth in children's language and literacy skills across the preschool year. In general, both teacher-rated inattention and directly measured EF were uniquely associated with initial skills level; however, only teacher-rated inattention uniquely predicted growth in early literacy skills. These findings suggest that teacher ratings of inattention may measure an aspect of self-regulation that is particularly associated with the acquisition of academic skills in early childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record
Renewable energy policy design and framing influence public support in the United States

The United States has often led the world in supporting renewable energy technologies at both the state and federal level. However, since 2011 several states have weakened their renewable energy policies. Public opinion will probably be crucial for determining whether states expand or contract their renewable energy policies in the future. Here we show that a majority of the public in most states supports renewable portfolio standards, which require a portion of the electricity mix to come from renewables. However, policy design and framing can strongly influence public support. Using a survey experiment, we show that effects of renewable portfolio standards bills on residential electricity costs, jobs and pollution, as well as bipartisan elite support, are all important drivers of public support. In many states, these bills’ design and framing can push public opinion above or below majority support. Public opinion may inform legislation of renewable energy policies. This study shows that public opinion and strength of renewable energy policy are correlated across US states, but a majority of the public actually supports these policies if public health benefits and job creation are emphasized.
Beautiful terrible ruins: Detroit and the anxiety of decline, by Dora Apel

The process of urban decay in Detroit has been investigated from different perspectives including a considerable body of literature that relates the present tortuous situation of the Motor City to ...
Event-Radar: Real-time Local Event Detection System for Geo-Tagged Tweet Streams.

The local event detection is to use posting messages with geotags on social networks to reveal the related ongoing events and their locations. Recent studies have demonstrated that the geo-tagged tweet stream serves as an unprecedentedly valuable source for local event detection. Nevertheless, how to effectively extract local events from large geo-tagged tweet streams in real time remains challenging. A robust and efficient cloud-based real-time local event detection software system would benefit various aspects in the real-life society, from shopping recommendation for customer service providers to disaster alarming for emergency departments. We use the preliminary research GeoBurst as a starting point, which proposed a novel method to detect local events. GeoBurst+ leverages a novel cross-modal authority measure to identify several pivots in the query window. Such pivots reveal different geo-topical activities and naturally attract related tweets to form candidate events. It further summarises the continuous stream and compares the candidates against the historical summaries to pinpoint truly interesting local events. We mainly implement a website demonstration system Event-Radar with an improved algorithm to show the real-time local events online for public interests. Better still, as the query window shifts, our method can update the event list with little time cost, thus achieving continuous monitoring of the stream.
Is Forest Bioenergy Carbon Neutral or Worse than Coal? Implications of Carbon Accounting Methods

Is Forest Bioenergy Carbon Neutral or Worse than Coal? Implications of Carbon Accounting Methods
Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus: Evolution and recombination yields distinct ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses with individual pathogenicity

Recent cases of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in United States swine-herds have been associated with high mortality in piglets and severe morbidity in sows. Analysis of the ORF5 gene from such clinical cases revealed a unique restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) of 1-7-4. The genome diversity of seventeen of these viruses (81.4% to 99.8% identical; collected 2013-2015) and the pathogenicity of 4 representative viruses were compared to that of SDSU73, a known moderately virulent strain. Recombination analyses revealed genomic breakpoints in structural and nonstructural regions of the genomes with evidence for recombination events between lineages. Pathogenicity varied between the isolates and the patterns were not consistent. IA/2014/NADC34, IA/2013/ISU-1 and IN/2014/ISU-5 caused more severe disease, and IA/2014/ISU-2 did not cause pyrexia and had little effect on pig growth. ORF5 RFLP genotyping was ineffectual in providing insight into isolate pathogenicity and that other parameters of virulence remain to be identified.
Precision Nutrition and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Case for Personalized Supplementation Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases

Background: Dietary essential omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), can be converted (utilizing desaturase and elongase enzymes encoded by FADS and ELOVL genes) to biologically-active long chain (LC; >20)-PUFAs by numerous cells and tissues. These n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFAs and their metabolites (ex, eicosanoids and endocannabinoids) play critical signaling and structural roles in almost all physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Methods: This review summarizes: (1) the biosynthesis, metabolism and roles of LC-PUFAs; (2) the potential impact of rapidly altering the intake of dietary LA and ALA; (3) the genetics and evolution of LC-PUFA biosynthesis; (4) Gene–diet interactions that may lead to excess levels of n-6 LC-PUFAs and deficiencies of n-3 LC-PUFAs; and (5) opportunities for precision nutrition approaches to personalize n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for individuals and populations. Conclusions: The rapid nature of transitions in 18C-PUFA exposure together with the genetic variation in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway found in different populations make mal-adaptations a likely outcome of our current nutritional environment. Understanding this genetic variation in the context of 18C-PUFA dietary exposure should enable the development of individualized n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation regimens to prevent and manage human disease.
Religere Like You Mean It: A Meditation on Han's “Studying Religion and Language Teaching and Learning: Building a Subfield”.

The article offers a response to and discussion of the article "Studying Religion and Language Teaching and Learning: Building a Subfield" by Huamei Han in the current issue.
Unsqueezing the Soul: Expanding Choices by Reframing and Redirecting Boredom

A significant amount of research has been devoted to the nature of boredom and how to overcome, get rid of, or otherwise negate the unwanted effects of this complicated problem. Curiously, extremely little has been published on how to better accept boredom and to learn from its message. The clinical emphasis discussed in this paper is on reframing boredom and then redirecting its power in the direction of either awareness or introspection.
Effects with and of computers and the study of computer-based learning environments

The paper discusses the meaning of this book’s title emphasizing (a) that effective computer-based learning environments are drastically transformed learning settings, and (b) that such learning environments affect problem solving in two ways: They affect problem solving during interaction with computer programs and they leave a more lasting cognitive residue as a consequence. Three experimental studies are briefly described that illustrate this point. However, the use of computers in these studies was not accompanied by any significant environmental changes. Such changes came in another project carried out in eighth grade classes. The epistemologies underlying the single-variable experiments (illustrating an analytic approach) and the classroom project (illustrating a systemic approach) are contrasted and discussed, leading to differential implications for the study of computer-based learning environments and problem solving.
Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

A type of classical Hodgkin lymphoma composed of Reed–Sternberg and Hodgkin (RS + H) cells admixed with a uniform population of small lymphocytes. There are two variants, nodular and diffuse, and the nodular variant is most common.
Alternative Fumigants to Methyl Bromide for Killing Pupae and Preventing Emergence of Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract Effects of methyl bromide, ECO2FUME (phosphine gas + CO2), Vapam (sodium methyldithiocarbamate), chloropicrin, Telone II (1, 3 dichloropropene), and chloropicrin + Telone II on killing the pupae and preventing adult emergence of apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), was determined. In an experiment performed inside glass flasks, pupal mortality caused by all fumigants 7 d after a 4-h exposure was significantly higher than in the control, but effects of the five fumigants on pupal mortality 7 d post exposure did not differ consistently even though chloropicrin caused the highest absolute mortality. In contrast, fumigant effects on adult emergence were consistent and clearer in that chloropicrin, Telone II, and chloropicrin + Telone II prevented all emergence of adult flies over 111 - 112 d whereas methyl bromide, ECO2FUME, and Vapam reduced it by only 41 - 73% compared with controls. The differences in pupal mortality and adult emergence patterns suggest that the fumigants acted slowly. ...
LES study of the wake features of a propeller in presence of an upstream rudder

Abstract Large-Eddy Simulations were carried out on a notional submarine propeller in presence of a disturbance at the inflow, associated to the wake of an upstream hydrofoil, mimicking a rudder. Three orientations of the hydrofoil were simulated, equivalent to angles of incidence of α = 0 ∘ , α = 10 ∘ and α = 20 ∘ , respectively. Results were also compared with the open-water configuration, featuring the same propeller in isolated conditions. Present computations demonstrate that the topology of the largest coherent structures, that are the tip vortices and the hub vortex, is practically unchanged across the three cases with different inflow perturbations. In the near wake, for α = 0 ∘ and α = 10 ∘ turbulent fluctuations within the propeller wake were increased only locally, at the azimuthal positions corresponding to the wake of the hydrofoil. In contrast, for α = 20 ∘ , featuring separation over the suction side of the hydrofoil and thus a wider disturbance at the propeller inflow, turbulence within the core of the tip vortices was affected also at azimuthal positions away from the ingested perturbation. For the same condition also the wake axis demonstrated a stronger destabilization of the hub vortex, compared to the cases with milder disturbances, with about a four fold increase of turbulent kinetic energy, relative to the open-water condition. Downstream of the destabilization of the wake system, increasing values of turbulent kinetic energy were associated to growing incidence angles of the upstream hydrofoil.
Gastrointestinal Differential Diagnosis of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome

The evaluation and diagnosis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is frequently performed through a multidisciplinary approach that includes pediatric gastroenterology and allergy/immunology among other specialties. This chapter focuses on the gastroenterology component of the differential diagnosis and evaluation of this condition. The classic presentation of acute FPIES, including profuse, repetitive vomiting, and dehydration can also be consistent with a variety of other conditions that often occur in a similar age group. The more chronic presentation of FPIES with intermittent vomiting and/or diarrhea leading to failure to thrive has an even broader differential diagnosis and can often be hard to distinguish without extensive workup. The differential diagnosis of each of these presentations, as well as the relevant laboratory and imaging studies that should be considered, is discussed in further detail here.
On rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study

This commentary offers a critical evaluation of the scientific legitimacy of research generated by television programming interests. It challenges the validity of claims advanced by these researchers regarding the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) and highlights the biases, fallacies and distortions in this study conducted for BBC-TV that attempted a partial replication of my earlier experiment.
Concepts and Rationale for Using Predictive Algorithms for Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Apheresis Collection

Predictive algorithms for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection are useful tools to increase efficiency of the collection, of the workflow in both the collection center and processing laboratory, and to facilitate concurrent quality assurance. Once established within a center, their use can also decrease costs by decreasing the number of days of growth factor used for mobilization and by decreasing the number of collection days or length of a collection, leading to a decrease in number of blood products transfused during collection since platelet loss can be minimized. Many approaches to predictive algorithms have been tried, and this chapter presents an overview of their history as well as a useful general strategy for current practice.
Mind the Gap: Implementing Empirically Informed Psychosocial Treatment in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings

Although children and adolescents with severe psychopathology are often hospitalized, barriers remain in the implementation of empirically supported psychosocial approaches in inpatient settings. S...
Yoga and perceived stress, self-compassion, and quality of life in undergraduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Student nurses' experience of stress while enrolled in educational programs is well-documented; however, complementary and alternative therapies to alleviate or prevent nursing program-related stressors are not. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a yoga intervention on stress, self-compassion, and quality of life in undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: Seventy-three undergraduate nursing students participated in this two-group, quasi-experimental, repeated-measures, study. Students self-selected participation in a one-hour yoga class, offered each week for 12 weeks, and completed Stress, Self-Compassion, and QOL scales at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Information on intervention participation and yoga practice outside the intervention was also solicited. Descriptive statistics and mixed-model analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups over time on perceived stress or QOL. There were statistically significant differences between groups on self-kindness (F3, 69 = 3.86, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Further research on the effects of yoga for stress reduction in nursing students using randomized controlled trials is recommended.
Modeling of effect of powder spreading on green body dimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing by binder jetting

Abstract It is shown that Bullet Physics Engine can be used for Discrete Element modeling of powder spreading during additive manufacturing by binder jetting. It is known that, due to technological restrictions, the thickness of deposited layers during binder jetting should not exceed several powder particle diameters making the application of continuum models of powder medium behavior to be problematic. Discrete element modeling provides the detailed information on powder behavior during powder spreading. The conducted modeling shows that dilation of the deposited powder and distortion of previously deposited layers depend on the amount of powder that is removed during spreading, on the thicknesses of the deposited layers, and on the dimensions of the manufactured components. An empirical equation describing the distortion strain as a function of powder spreading parameters is suggested as an approximation of the numerical modeling results. The main trends in green body distortion under powder spreading are experimentally validated.
Emergence of Non-Speculative Demand for Bitcoin: Learning about Stochastic Correlations with Stock Markets

When a new asset keeps changing its narrative, investors find difficulty in classifying and understanding the new asset. Rational investors therefore face unprecedented uncertainty and learn about the joint dynamics to optimize their portfolio accordingly. Bitcoin's "digital gold" narrative, as a safe haven, best demonstrates this uncertainty-learning behavior. We find that an increase in investors' estimates on the correlations between Bitcoin and the US stock markets strongly predict lower subsequent Bitcoin returns, consistent with a mean-variance framework. However, portfolio optimization errors associated with uncertainty in volatilities are 30 times greater than those with correlations; therefore, volatility-related predictors fail to explain Bitcoin returns. The same empirical patterns appear in out-of-sample predictions, global equity markets, and other cryptocurrencies.
A systematic review of emerging technologies in industrialized construction

Abstract Industrialized construction, because of its factory-based nature, has significant potential for successful adoption of emerging technologies compared to traditional construction. The main objective of this review is to identify the current mainstream research directions and research gaps in applying emerging technologies in industrialized construction. This review classifies and analyzes 102 relevant articles published in the construction management-related journals in the last 15 years (i.e. 2004-2019) according to technology types, structural systems, project phases, and application fields. Results indicate there are apparent differences in the utilization level of different technology types, the research focus for different project phases, and the number of articles for different structural systems. Major benefits and challenges for different application fields are also discussed. This review identifies several research gaps, including less focus on specific structural systems or technologies, inadequate research on performance assessment measures, and a lack of effective training programs. Significantly, this review provides a roadmap for future research, with specific short-term and long-term solutions to address the identified research gaps.
Not with Our Tears

He loved to tease me. He knew my heart was pure, but he was amused by the excesses of reason to which I was often drawn. Burke aspired to a workable government. Quixote-like, I wanted something more perfect—a heaven on earth. Burke understood the foolishness of this dream but always tempered his reserve with kindness and made light of our differences. In the summer of 1963, between my first and second years of law school, I worked at the firm of Covington & Burling in Washington. The work was dreadful. I spent my days scanning invoices for “corn syrup unmixed” to see if I could detect a violation of the Robinson-Patman Act. It was very hard for me to keep going, but soon I noticed that all the earlier memoranda in the file had been initialed by Burke, who, having left the firm in 1960 to become the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Civil Rights Division, was then at the center of the public life of the nation. So I managed to convince myself to persist, because corn syrup unmixed and all that it implied seemed indispensable training for public lawyers. The March on Washington took place in August 1963. I had returned to Harvard shortly before to complete my legal studies, but soon, as the civil rights cause took on greater urgency, I found myself uneasy with the career plans I had formulated. History was being made and I wanted to be a part of it. In early November 1963—after the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, and only weeks before the assassination of President Kennedy—I flew from Boston to Washington with the wild idea of presenting myself to Burke Marshall for a job. I went straight to Burke’s office, and asked the secretary guarding his office if he was available. She asked who I was, I explained, and then she said, looking down to the floor to avoid the obvious awkwardness of the situation, that he was not in at the moment. She referred me to his Second Assistant, St. John Barrett, who was kind enough to give me a job application. I filled it out, and went home. For the next three years, I marked time. I completed my last year at Harvard, clerked, and then in September 1966 began work in earnest at the
The surface activity of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin

Abstract The concentration dependence of surface tension was evaluated with DuNouy ring tensiometry for solutions of α-lactalbumin (α-Lac), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Surface tension kinetics were measured as well and interpreted in terms of first-order rate constants defining adsorption and interfacial rearrangement. Although molecularly dissimilar in several ways, the surface activity of each protein could be explained with reference to its relative flexibility and stability. Molecular size seemed to be an important factor governing incorporation of protein into an interfacial layer. α-Lac, the smallest and least stable protein, was observed to be the most surface active. BSA is the largest molecule and consists of three large domains and nine subdomains. Its surface activity is consistent with the thought that it is largely governed by the behavior of one of these domains and its activity after adsorption. β-Lg is roughly half the size of BSA and apparently adsorbs faster than BSA, but exhibited a similar equilibrium II behavior. This is attributed to its dimer structure and the presence of a free thiol in each monomeric subunit capable of facilitating thiol—disulfide interchange reactions, probably causing it to be less flexible than BSA.