cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk-estimation systems in primary prevention: do they differ? Do they make a difference? Can we see the future?

In this review of cardiovascular risk estimation, we focus on 4 key aspects: (1) The rationale for estimating cardiovascular risk; (2) a comparison of current cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk-estimation systems; (3) an examination of whether there is any evidence that cardiovascular risk estimation improves patient outcomes; and (4) how CVD risk estimation may change in the future. Some of the material presented is derived from a recent general review of cardiovascular risk scores1 that we have used to underpin the present, more focused discussion. The atherosclerosis underlying most CVD is rarely the result of a single risk factor, such as familial hyperlipidemia, but more usually the end result of the combined effect of several risk factors. If one considers single risk factors, even if the evidence for intervention is based on randomized controlled trials, either overtreatment or undertreatment may result. Consider, for example, Table 1, taken from the current Joint European Guidelines on the prevention of CVD in clinical practice.2 Who should receive the statin? The 60-year-old woman with a blood cholesterol level of 8 mmol/L (309 mg/dL) and a 2% 10-year risk of fatal CVD or the man of the same age with a cholesterol level of 5 mmol/L (193 mg/dL) but a 10-fold higher risk because of multiple other risk factors? Current therapeutic trial data do not tell us, but logic would suggest the man, along with, of course, attention to all other factors. View this table: Table 1. Impact of Combinations of Risk Factors on Total CVD Risk These considerations have led the authors of all current guidelines to stress the need to consider the likely impact of all risk factors before making clinical management decisions and, in most cases, to recommend a system of evaluating combined risk factor effects.2–5 To be clinically useful, a CVD …
Experience-Dependent Modifications in MAP2 Phosphorylation in Rat Olfactory Bulb

Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein, enriched in dendrites and cell bodies, that helps determine dendritic shape. MAP2 regulates microtubule stability in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The present study used immunocytochemistry with phosphoepitope-specific and phosphorylation state-independent antibodies to examine experience-dependent changes in MAP2 expression during postnatal development of the olfactory bulb. Our results demonstrate that immunoreactivity reflecting total MAP2 expression reaches a maximal level by postnatal day 20 (P20). The degree of staining for phosphoindependent forms of MAP2 is relatively unaffected by blocking odorant passage to one half the nasal epithelium via unilateral naris closure, a manipulation that attenuates physiological activity in the bulb. However, olfactory restriction from P1 dramatically reduces immunoreactivity for antibody AP18, which recognizes MAP2 only when phosphorylated on Ser136. Quantification of staining in the granule cell layer indicates that the greatest difference (64%) between control and experimental bulbs occurs after occlusion from P1 to P30 compared with animals deprived from P1 to P10 or P1 to P20. The shift in MAP2 phosphorylation occurs even when deprivation is delayed until P30, after the sensitive period for experience-dependent changes in bulb volume. Thus, the degree of the phosphorylation shift depends on the duration but not the time of onset of naris closure. Because staining for phosphorylation-independent forms of MAP2 is unchanged by naris closure, the total amount of the protein per unit area is probably not significantly altered. However, the large reductions of AP18-immunoreactivity in the bulb after olfactory restriction suggest that there is an activity-dependent stimulation of MAP2 phosphorylation.
α,ω‐Dithiol Oligo(phenylene vinylene)s for the Preparation of High‐Quality π‐Conjugated Self‐Assembled Monolayers and Nanoparticle‐ Functionalized Electrodes

While thioacetate-terminated oligo(phenylene vinylene)s (OPVs) have been synthesized and employed in applications involving the formation of metal–molecule–metal junctions, the synthesis and application of potentially more versatile α,ω-dithiol OPVs have not previously been described. Here, a thiomethyl-precursor route to the synthesis of α,ω-dithiol OPVs is reported and their ability to form well-ordered self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) without the addition of exogenous deprotection reagents is described. α,ω-Dithiol OPV monolayers exhibit thicknesses consistent with molecular length and are nearly defect-free, as assayed by electrochemical measurements. To demonstrate the ease with which SAMs containing these bifunctional OPVs can, in contrast to thioacetate functionalized OPVs, be further functionalized with materials other than gold, we have modified them in a single step with a sub-monolayer of cadmium selenide nanocrystals (NCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm that these NC-modified films are both smooth and uniform over the largest areas investigated (> 10 μm2) and no evidence of NC aggregation is observed. To evaluate the electrochemical response of these metal–molecule–semiconductor assemblies we have fabricated NC-modified OPV SAMs with ferrocene-coated NCs. Variable-frequency alternating current voltammetry indicates that electron transfer in these assemblies is much more rapid than in analogous structures formed using simple alkane dithiols. It thus appears that α,ω-dithiol OPVs are well suited for the formation of high-quality conducting SAMs for the functionalization of gold and other surfaces.
OVERLOOKED LOCAL SEDIMENT SCOUR MECHANISM

A heretofore overlooked mechanism is described for the removal of sediment in the vicinity of a structure, such as a bridge pier, located in erodible sediment and subjected to water flow. The strength of this mechanism depends on, among other things, the ratio of structure width to sediment grain size, b/D50. The mechanism results from the pressure gradient field imposed on the bed by the mean flow around the structure. The large pressure gradients created by the structure are confined to a relatively narrow region near the structure. The forces due to the pressure gradients acting on the sediment grains near the structure decrease with increasing values of b/D50. This mechanism helps explain the functional dependence of equilibrium local scour depth on b/D50 observed in both laboratory and field tests. It also explains why, in general, physical model local scour tests tend to overpredict prototype scour depths.
The Pricing of National and City‐Specific Reputations for Industry Expertise in the U.S. Audit Market

The pricing of Big 5 industry leadership in the U.S. audit market is investigated using audit fee disclosures for the 2000–2001 fiscal years and the joint nationalcity framework in Ferguson et al. (2003). There is a significant fee premium of 19 percent on those engagements where Big 5 auditors are both the nationally top‐ranked auditor and the city‐level industry leader in the city where the client is headquartered, indicating that national and city‐specific industry leadership jointly affect auditor reputation and pricing. However, there is never a premium in any tests for auditors that are national industry leaders alone without also being city‐specific industry leaders, indicating that national leadership by itself does not result in a premium. The evidence is mixed with respect to city‐specific industry leaders alone that are not also national industry leaders. While there is a premium of 8 percent in the primary tests, this result is inconclusive as it does not hold in all sensitivity analyses.
Bronchodilator Reversal of Bronchospasm and Symptoms Incurred During Methacholine Bronchoprovocation Challenge: Documentation of Safety and Time Course

We undertook a prospective study of bronchoprovocation challenge (BPC) to look at issues of safety and reversibility of bronchospasm and symptoms induced by BPC. Over a 14-month interval, we documented 62 consecutive cases of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. During BPC, there was a statistically significant but clinically modest increase in both cough and dyspnea. Both bronchospasm and symptoms were readily reversed with a simple protocol of inhaled albuterol using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer. Routine protocol was effective in every case; there was never a need for individualized physician intervention. Our prospective data document the safety of BPC; we could find no reason why BPC would need to be confined to the hospital. We conclude that BPC is a valuable clinical test which merits wider dissemination and use.
Silicon photonics coprocessors for energy efficient computing

We introduce three types of analog optical accelerators for enhancing the performance of electronic computing. These include (1) physical computing using complex optical dynamics in silicon for acceleration of scientific computing, (2) spectrotemporal processing and sparse coding using dispersion basis functions and (3) photonic computing primitives for performing nonlinear mathematical operations.
Simultaneous Learning and Covering with Adversarial Noise

We study simultaneous learning and covering problems: submodular set cover problems that depend on the solution to an active (query) learning problem. The goal is to jointly minimize the cost of both learning and covering. We extend recent work in this setting to allow for a limited amount of adversarial noise. Certain noisy query learning problems are a special case of our problem. Crucial to our analysis is a lemma showing the logical OR of two submodular cover constraints can be reduced to a single submodular set cover constraint. Combined with known results, this new lemma allows for arbitrary monotone circuits of submodular cover constraints to be reduced to a single constraint. As an example practical application, we present a movie recommendation website that minimizes the total cost of learning what the user wants to watch and recommending a set of movies.
Electronic and optical properties of δ -layer G a N / ( GaAs ) n superlattices

First-principles total energy calculations reveal qualitative differences between $\ensuremath{\delta}$-layer $\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}/(\mathrm{GaAs}{)}_{n}$ superlattices and their corresponding random alloys. Whereas the optical bowing coefficient for the superlattices is typically 30% smaller than that of the alloys with the same concentration, the optical transition matrix elements are comparable to that of GaAs(GaN) and show only weak dependence on nitrogen concentration x. This is because the band-edge states are localized near the GaN region. In contrast, in the random alloys, whereas the conduction band-edge is localized on the N site, the valence band-edge states are increasingly localized into the GaAs-rich region, resulting in significant decrease in optical transitions with increasing x.
Diflubenzuron and BAY SIR 8514 in Mushrooms Grown in Treated Compost or Casing

Chemical methodology based on liquid chromatography was developed to measure trace amounts of two insect chitin synthesis inhibitors in mushrooms that are effective for control of a sciarid fly, Lycoriella mali (Fitch). No residues (<0.05 ppm) of diflubenzuron were found in mushrooms grown in treated compost. Trace amounts of diflubenzuron and BAY SIR 8514 (2-chloro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-amino]carbomyl]) were found in several samples of mushrooms grown in treated casing and were attributed to splash-up of the treated casing onto the mushroom during watering.
Study of Polycystic Kidney Disease in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the uncontrolled slow swelling of tubules in the kidneys and other tissues. PKDs are some of the most common genetic diseases, and are caused by defects in the function of either of two polycystin ion channels, or of their transport to the primary cilium, one of the locations where these proteins function to detect mechanical stress on the cell. Homologues of the polycystins are found in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where these proteins function in male-specific neurons to detect the location of the hermaphrodite vulva. Mutations in nematode polycystin genes cause defects in male mating behavior, which can be measured via various behavioral and electrophysiological assays. Mutations that affect formation of sensory cilia, or transport of materials into the cilium, also cause defects in male mating behavior, as well as defects in various tactic behaviors mediated through other neurons. The affected genes identify many homologues of other human disease genes, including nephronophthisis and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The nematode mutations can be detected through multiple behavioral and cell biological techniques, including measurement of fluorescently-labeled polycystin into the cilium.
Catheter-Based Therapy for Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft Disease.

Improved patient survival and the limitations of repeat coronary artery surgery have generated a growing population of patients referred for catheter-based treat- ment of vein graft lesions. In this subject review, the current state of knowledge regarding therapeutic options for these difficult lesions is discussed. Despite improvements in tech- nique and materials, risks of treatment with balloon angioplasty remain higher than for other lesion types. The underlying lesion pathology determines therapeutic risk to a large degree. Newer therapeutic alternatives appear to offer advantages over balloon angioplas- ty, but improved clinical outcomes have not been demonstrated in appropriate trials for most new devices and treatment strategies. On-going studies will clarify the utility of some new devices, and other studies are needed. J INVAS CARDIOL 1997;9:61-70
Measures, Integration and Quadratic Model

We shall give various formulas related to measures on GLn and its subgroups. We also compute the volume of a fundamental domain, a computation which was originally carried out by Minkowski. Essentially we follow Siegel’s proof [Sie 45]. We note historically that people used to integrate over fundamental domains, until Weil pointed out the existence of a Haar (invariant) measure on homogeneous spaces with respect to unimodular subgroups in his book [We 40], and observed that Siegel’s arguments could be cast in the formalism of this measure [We 46].
Influence of austenite and martensite strength on martensite morphology

The martensite morphology and austenite flow strength have been determined in a variety of ferrous alloys chosen so that the austenites were paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, substitutional strengthened, and interstitial strengthened. It is demonstrated that two of the most important variables in determining the habit plane (and thus morphology) of martensite in a given alloy are the resistances to dislocation motion in austenite and in ferrite (i. e., martensite). In the wide variety of alloys where martensite with a {259}γ habit plane was observed, the austenite flow strength atMs is greater than 30,000 psi. At lower austenite strengths, either {225}γ or {111}γ habit planes are found depending on the resistance to dislocation motion in ferrite. Thus, {225} martensites are not always found as part of the spectrum between {111} and {259} martensites but only in the cases (e. g., interstitial strengthening) where ferrite is preferentially strengthened relative to austenite. All of the observations are consistent with the idea that the habit plane observed in a given alloy is the one involving the minimum plastic work for the lattice invariant shear.
Pre-service teachers' beliefs and experiences with computing technology and male centered computing culture

This dissertation examines White female pre-service teachers' perceptions and experiences in relation to computers and male-centered computing culture. The data collected in this study came through the methodological lens of qualitative research. During the fall 2002 and spring 2003 terms, I conducted in-depth individual interviews and focus group interviews with twenty White female pre-service teachers at Border College, a small independent coeducational institution of higher learning. The study was informed by feminist research methods, as gender was put at the forefront of the research process. The data reveal that the majority of participants hold a non-critical view of computing technology and its male-centered culture as well as lack the confidence to utilize computers within elementary classrooms. Their stories suggest they have internalized technocentric discourses, which position computing technology as an omnipotent artifact, allegedly having the power in and of itself to improve society as well as the power to wash away pervasive social ills, such as poverty, racism and sexism. Moreover, the participants' narratives establish that their lack of confidence and critical insight vis-a-vis technology is mediated by the lack of educative experiences at Border College, within elementary classrooms, and in their social worlds. In juxtaposition, several participants held a more critical, informed view of technology and its masculine culture. By reflecting upon their lived experiences in the business world, their friends' and families' computing practices, and their own computing use, the participants determined that corporate entities are the main beneficiaries of computing in today's society. For several future teachers, the research process itself served as an educative site. By the end of this study, they garnered newfound insights in relation to the entrenched nature of gender inequity in today's schools and society. These women seem to posses the critical insight needed to create symmetrical computing relationships in the classroom, to inform youth of the social and economic processes which influence how computers are used in various social contexts, and to dismantle systemic barriers and unjust practices that fuel social and educational inequalities across the globe.
Natural [4 + 2]-Cyclases

[4 + 2]-Cycloadditions are increasingly being recognized in the biosynthetic pathways of many structurally complex natural products. A relatively small collection of enzymes from these pathways have been demonstrated to increase rates of cyclization and impose stereochemical constraints on the reactions. While mechanistic investigation of these enzymes is just beginning, recent studies have provided new insights with implications for understanding their biosynthetic roles, mechanisms of catalysis, and evolutionary origin.
Constellation: A science graph network for scalable data and knowledge discovery in extreme-scale scientific collaborations

Constellation's overarching goal is the federation of information from resources within an extreme-scale scientific collaboration to enable the scalable discovery of data and new knowledge pathways. The resource fabric is comprised of petascale supercomputers and storage systems, users, jobs, datasets and lifecycle artifacts. For an extreme-scale supercomputing center, normal operations can generate hundreds of millions of data products and metadata entries describing the resource fabric. Constellation federates the information extracted from the resources using a custom, transformative science graph network; constructs rich metadata indexes and higher-order derived metadata from the extracted information; and conducts scalable graph analytics to unravel hidden data pathways. Our implementation and deployment for a production, supercomputing facility shows that the graph can scale to more than 750 million vertices, its domain agnostic indexing can answer interesting science queries, and its analytics can aid in structural, topological and temporal analysis to identify usage hotspots.
Current Progress in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Targeted Therapies in Esophagogastric Cancer

Esophagogastric cancer is a worldwide health problem. The addition of the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed antibody trastuzumab to chemotherapy increased the overall survival of patients with metastatic HER2-positive esophagogastric cancer. This article discusses the available data to support HER2 as validated biomarker and recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of HER2-directed agents in metastatic and localized disease. Also reviewed is the mechanisms of resistance for HER2-directed therapy and ongoing research strategies including new imaging techniques and studies with patient-derived xenografts.
Efficient Antibody Assembly in E. coli Periplasm by Disulfide Bond Folding Factor Co-expression and Culture Optimization

Molecular chaperones and protein folding factors of bacterial periplasmic space play important roles in assisting disulfide bond formation and proper protein folding. In this study, effects of disulfide bond protein (Dsb) families were investigated on assembly of 3F3 Fab, an antibody inhibitor targeting matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14). By optimizing DsbA/C co-expression, promoter for 3F3 Fab, host strains, and culture media and conditions, a high yield of 30-mg purified 3F3 Fab per liter culture was achieved. Produced 3F3 Fab exhibited binding affinity of 34 nM and inhibition potency of 970 nM. This established method of DsbA/C co-expression can be applied to produce other important disulfide bond-dependent recombinant proteins in E. coli periplasm.
The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: An examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students

Abstract Stressful life events are viewed as the leading cause of psychological distress. Self-disclosure, however, could buffer the deleterious impact of stress on mental health. Recent studies show that college students are likely to engage in self-disclosure on social network sites (SNSs), but it is unclear to what extent they benefit from doing that. This study examined the effect of self-disclosure on SNSs on young adults’ mental health. Survey data were collected from a probability sample of 560 university students. The results show that people tend to open up on Facebook when in times of stress and that self-disclosure on Facebook moderates the relationship between stressful life events and mental health. Facebook disclosure was also positively associated with enacted social support on Facebook, which led to increased perceived social support, enhanced life satisfaction, and reduced depression. SNSs, therefore, serve as a promising avenue for delivering health care and intervention.
Women's Alcohol Sensitivity Predicts Alcohol‐Related Regretted Sex

Background Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol's acute effects is a known risk factor for heavy drinking and its negative consequences. However, LS could be protective due to LS drinkers being less impaired at a given level of consumption. Here, we tested whether LS is associated with differences in men's and women's reports of alcohol-related regretted sex. Methods Eight hundred and one young adults (393 women) aged 21 to 35 (M = 23.11 years) recruited for a study of alcohol's effects on cognition completed self-report measures of alcohol sensitivity, typical alcohol use, and alcohol consequences (including regretted sex). Results Participants whose alcohol sensitivity scores classified them as LS were more likely to experience alcohol-related regretted sex than were high-sensitivity (HS) participants. However, when controlling for typical alcohol use and experience of alcohol consequences in general, alcohol sensitivity was negatively associated with risk of alcohol-related regretted sex, but only among women. Conclusions At a given level of consumption, and controlling for experience of alcohol consequences other than regretted sex, reduced sensitivity to certain effects of alcohol may be a protective factor for women against risk for alcohol-related regretted sexual situations. This study provides insight on the unique risks of drinking among LS and HS women.
Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality-California, 2011-2012.

Disparities in adverse birth outcomes for Black women continue. Research suggests that societal factors such as structural racism explain more variation in adverse birth outcomes than individual-level factors and societal poverty alone. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) measures spatial social polarization by quantifying extremes of deprived and privileged social groups using a single metric and has been shown to partially explain racial disparities in black carbon exposures, mortality, fatal and non-fatal assaults, and adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth and infant mortality. The objective of this analysis was to assess if local measures of racial and economic segregation as proxies for structural racism are associated and preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. California birth cohort files were merged with the American Community Survey by zip code (2011-2012). The ICE was used to quantify privileged and deprived groups (i.e., Black vs. White; high income vs. low income; Black low income vs. White high income) by zip code. ICE scores range from - 1 (deprived) to 1 (privileged). ICE scores were categorized into five quintiles based on sample distributions of these measures: quintile 1 (least privileged)-quintile 5 (most privileged). Generalized linear mixed models were used to test the likelihood that ICE measures were associated with preterm birth or with infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. Black women were most likely to reside in zip codes with greater extreme income concentrations, and moderate extreme race and race + income concentrations. Bivariate analysis revealed that greater extreme income, race, and race + income concentrations increased the odds of preterm birth and infant mortality. For example, women residing in least privileged zip codes (quintile 1) were significantly more likely to experience preterm birth (race + income ICE OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.72-1.46) and infant mortality (race + income ICE OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.47) compared to women living in the most privileged zip codes (quintile 5). Adjusting for maternal characteristics, income, race, and race + income concentrations remained negatively associated with preterm birth. However, only race and race + income concentrations remained associated with infant mortality. Findings support that ICE is a promising measure of structural racism that can be used to address racial disparities in preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women in California.
Systems Analysis and Adaptive Learning for Portfolio Management of Superfund Sites

This chapter develops a methodology to aid remedial project managers and senior management at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in handling cleanup strategies and determining future reuse options at Superfund sites. The goal is achieved through the completion of four objectives: 1) avoiding back engineering and decisions that limit future reuse options; 2) understanding all contingencies in the cleanup process; 3) accounting for costs and benefits from cleanup and reuse for all stakeholders including future generations through the creation of an index of reusability; and 4) maximizing the opportunity for learning. Development of the method stems from concepts in risk and policy management previously applied in diverse disciplines. First, reuse contingency trees are developed to describe the potential deviations in the cleanup process that cause increased costs, increased time to reuse, or decreased future use options for a site. Second, a reusability influence diagram is developed to identify the impacts of the contingencies on the various actions and outcomes of the Superfund cleanup process. Third, an index of reusability is developed in order to compare the reuse benefits to cleanup costs and to herd portfolios of sites along different reuse strategies. The methodology is unique to any existing study of the Superfund process and the idea of the contingency binds the multiple methods. This chapter can lead to an initiative by the Environmental Protection Agency to move from the regional handling of sites to a broader national approach. Furthermore, the methodology has general importance not limited to Superfund sites but applicable to all environmentally impaired land.
Design methodologies of computers for artificial intelligence processing

Many of today's computers are single-processor von Neumann machines designed for sequential, deterministic, and numeric computations and are not equipped for AI applications which are mainly parallel, nondeterministic, and symbolic manipulations. Consequentially, efficient computer architectures for AI applications would be significantly different from traditional computers. These architectures have the following requirements.
SLAC Experiment E142

Deep inelastic scattering experiments to measure the proton spin-dependent structure function were first pioneered in SLAC experiments in the 1970’s [1]. These early experiments established the existence of large asymmetries in the spin structure of the proton predicted by the parton model. Despite the success, the results did not appear to be revealing new fundamental insights into the models. The experiments were, moreover, difficult, and SLAC’s interest in constructing a linear collider to study the Z0 boson ended the program to study in more detail the nucleon spin-dependent structure functions.
Incorporating Motional Properties into the Interpretation of Three-dimensional Solution Structures

A detailed understanding of biological systems at the molecular level requires characterization of structure and dynamics in atomic detail. NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited to the determination of high resolution solution structures, and has vast potential as a means for examining molecular dynamics because a wide array of nuclear sites within a molecule can be assayed at a variety of different time scales. However, at present we are in the midst of a search to identify how the structural and dynamic information can be fused to generate a unified and comprehensible view for analyzing biomolecular function.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Translunate Perilunate Injuries, Not Dislocated (PLIND).

Background Translunate perilunate dislocations were recently described as well as perilunate injuries, not dislocated (PLIND). The authors present a case of transradial styloid, translunate PLIND which sustained a full arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation. Case Description A 33-year-old man sustained a transradial styloid, translunate PLIND due to a fall from a truck with his wrist in hyperextension. The diagnosis was made at the acute stage. Full arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires was performed, followed by a 6 weeks' immobilization period. Uneventful healing of both the lunate and radial styloid were observed at 6 weeks and confirmed with a computed tomography scan. At 4 years of follow-up, the Lyon wrist score was 78% (good). Literature Review Very few lunate fractures are described in the literature. Translunate perilunate dislocations were recently described as well as PLIND. To the best of the authors' knowledge, a case of transradial styloid, translunate PLIND which sustained a full arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation has never been reported so far. Clinical Relevance This case reports a unique pattern of transradial styloid, translunate PLIND and outlines the usefulness of a full arthroscopic treatment. An open reduction for this pattern of injury would have been extensive, difficult, and probably unreliable.
Robotically-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystoprostatectomy and Anterior Exenteration

Despite advances in nonsurgical treatments and noninvasive surgical techniques, radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection remains the gold standard treatment for urothelial and non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with invasion into the muscularis propria [1]. Radical cystectomy is also frequently employed in the setting of high-risk, non-muscle-invasive disease refractory to less invasive therapies.
Inscribing Bodies: Notating Gesture

This paper focuses on methods of transcribing the functions and activities of gesture, with a specific focus on embodiment, or how the interrelated roles of environment and the body shape mental process and experience. Through a process of repeated experiments with our own custom open-source 3D printed sensors, we illuminate the complexities of tracking even a single point over time, and distinguish between casual gesture and choreographed motion.
Women’s Experience of Infertility and Disenfranchised Grief:

Infertility grief often takes an emotional and mental toll on the affected woman. This phenomenological study examined women’s experiences of infertility grief and how their grief has been disenfra...
Relationship of renal apparent diffusion coefficient and functional MR urography in children with pelvicalyceal dilation

The aim is to evaluate the age-related changes and relationship of renal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) against the morphological and functional changes detected by functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU) in children with pelvicalyceal dilation, with suspected or known ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We retrospectively analyzed fMRUs with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the kidney in 35 subjects (25 males; median age: 7.1 years, range: 0.3–22.7 years) with 70 kidneys (40 with pelvicalyceal dilation and 30 with no pelvicalyceal dilation). Inclusion criteria were pelvicalyceal dilation, the absence of duplex kidneys and no ureteric dilation. DWI was performed with 3 diffusion gradient directions (b values = 0, 200, 500, 800 and 1,000 s/mm2). Metrics for fMRU included calyceal and renal transit times (CTT, RTT), time-to-peak (TTP), differential renal function based on volume (vDRF), Patlak number (pDRF) and combined volume and Patlak number (vpDRF). The grades of pelvicalyceal dilation, cortical thinning and corticomedullary differentiation were evaluated. The relationship between ADC values and the fMRU parameters was analyzed. ADC increases with age in kidneys without pelvicalyceal dilation (R2=0.37, P 0.07). The median ADC of kidneys without pelvicalyceal dilation was 3.73×10−3 mm2/s (range: 2.78–5.37×0−3 mm2/s) and the median ADC of kidneys with pelvicalyceal dilation was 3.82×10−3 mm2/s (range: 2.70–5.70×10−3 mm2/s). There was no correlation between ADC and the absolute differences of vDRF or pDRF (P>0.33). Renal ADC does not correlate with morphological and functional results of fMRU changes in children with pelvicalyceal dilation due to suspected or known ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
Component Reliability Analysis

Reliability at the component level is the probabilistic relationship between load and resistance, or stress and strain, or demand and capacity; these paired terms are all analogous. Reliability is commonly expressed using the reliability index, β, which can in turn be related to the probability of failure, pf.
Endoscopic Removal of a Cervical Esophageal Duplication Cyst

A 6-month-old female presented for 2 months of noisy breathing. Flexible laryngoscopy showed limited bilateral vocal fold abduction. Computed tomography revealed a non-enhancing 3.6 × 2.3 × 3.5 cystic prevertebral mass spanning C2-T. Using an endoscopic approach, the overlying mucosa was incised, and the cyst was freed and fully excised from the surrounding mucosa with blunt microlaryngeal instruments without complication. Three months postoperatively she had no respiratory issues and was eating well. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed bilateral vocal fold mobility. We propose that endoscopic removal of a cervical esophageal duplication cyst in selected cases is an alternative to open excision. Laryngoscope, 130:2053-2055, 2020.
Assessing the impact of timing errors on HPC applications

Timing errors are a growing concern for system resilience as technology continues to scale. It is problematic to use low-fidelity errors such as single-bit flips to model realistic timing errors. We address the lack of holistic methodology and tool for evaluating resilience of applications against timing errors. The proposed technique is able to rapidly inject high-fidelity and configurable timing errors to applications at the instruction level. Our implementation has no runtime dependencies on proprietary tools, enabling full parallelism of error injection campaign. Furthermore, because an injection point may not generate an actual error for a particular application run, we propose an acceleration technique to maximize the likelihood of generating errors that contribute to the overall campaign with speedup up to 7X. With our tool, we show that realistic timing errors lead to distinct error profiles from those of radiation-induced errors at both the instruction level and the application level.
Energy dissipation in pH-sensitive hydrogels subjected to large amplitude oscillatory shear

Abstract Stimuli-responsive hydrogels belong to a class of shape-memory elastomers that have gained immense popularity due to their applications in the fields of drug delivery, tissue engineering, implants, bio-sensors, and many more. The pH-responsive hydrogels 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (HEMA-DMAEMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate acrylic acid (HEMA-AA) exhibit swelling behavior in response to changes in pH. The present study characterizes the energy dissipation of HEMA-DMAEMA and HEMA-AA subjected to large amplitude oscillatory shear. The experiments were conducted at strain levels 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2%, and 5% maximum amplitude strain at a constant frequency of 1 Hz. The results showed an increase in energy dissipation with an increase in shear strain for both buffer solutions. The energy dissipation obtained for the HEMA-DMAEMA samples was greater in 11.0 pH buffer solution as compared to 3.0 pH buffer solution. On the contrary, the energy dissipation for HEMA-AA samples was found to be greater in the 3.0 pH buffer solution as compared to the 11.0 pH buffer solution.
Effects of substrate salinity on early seedling survival and growth of Scirpus robustus Pursh and Spartina alterniflora Loisel.

Rooted aquatic plants are being used increasingly to test the toxicity of sediments. However, effects of naturally occurring substrate constituents on most potential test species are not well understood even though their effects could affect the test results. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of substrate salinity (NaCl) on early seedling survival and growth of the emergent macrophytes, Scirpus robustus Pursh and Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Results of four 21- and 28-day toxicity tests, conducted in an artificial sediment, indicated interspecific differences in NaCl sensitivity when based on changes in shoot, root and whole plant dry-weight biomass. Concentrations of 7.8 g NaCl/l and 19.2 g NaCl/l first reduced early seedling biomass of S. robustus and S. alterniflora (P < 0.05), respectively, when compared to plants grown in sediment containing no measurable salinity. Seedling survival was not affected at average concentrations of 17.5 g NaCl/l or less for S. robustus and 22.3 g NaCl/l or less for S. alterniflora. The results indicate that substrate salinity is an important consideration in the selection of test species for laboratory phytotoxicity tests conducted with estuarine sediments, particularly if determination of chronic toxicity attributable to anthropogenic contamination is the primary objective.
Mycological discoveries in the Middle East region in the second part of the last century

The arid Middle East extends over 9 million km² in the Eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Interest in the fungi of this region after the Second World War led to the discovery of species then regarded as being new to Science. A scan of the Index of Fungi issued in the period running from 1940-2000 revealed that 240 novel taxa had then been proposed. The recorded novelties were examined following the chronology of their introduction, their distribution in the local fifteen political states and their gross taxonomic characters at the Class level. These new additions were characterised at the rate of 40 units / decade. Most originated from Egypt, Iraq and the Palestine-Israel area and relate to the Classes Mitosporic Fungi, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. All together 145 generic names are reported in this group of novelties; twelve were based on type material collected in Egypt (5 genera), the Palestine-Israel area, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon and Sudan. The present group of novelties was also surveyed in relation to the nature of the substrate sustaining the selected holotypes. The relevant Mitosporic fungi (93 taxa) were equally isolated from soil or from living or decaying plant parts. For Ascomycetous novelties (86 taxa), although their soil-borne elements outnumber the plant related ones, several also developed on other types of substrates. In the case of novel Basidiomycetes (37 taxa), the plant-parasitic species encompass those collected on the ground surface. Finally, a limited number of these novelties disclosed notable thermotolerant abilities and some even qualify as thermophiles. The main features of these novel records underlines that in Egypt more attention was awarded to the local Mitosporic fungi and to Ascomycetes inhabiting its soil-borne communities. For the Basidiomycetes (sensu lato) marked interest developed solely in the Palestine-Israel area while in Iraq taxonomic studies focussed on Ascomycetes including those developing on dung substrates. The distribution of the few reported Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes and ‘Oomycetes’ also proved to be restricted to the former three states. Present data clearly underlines limited interest has been awarded to the fungi of a region presumed to harbour a specific mycobiota due to its marked arid features. Since 1940, only four novel taxa were thus proposed per annum from a small fraction of the Middle East. Future research should focus on plant related forms of lower (basal clades) and higher (Dikarya) fungi of the area. Conservation measures should also be adopted to ensure an adequate protection of the natural local habitats against the negative pressures generated by the increase in population and the detrimental effects of its activities. Finally, in view of the overwhelming implication of mycology in the fields of biotechnology, significant knowledge of the Middle East fungi is promising.
Panpipes and Clubs: Early Images of Tanna Islanders

William Hodges, James Cook’s artist on his second voyage, produced notably popular and influential drawings and paintings. These included several illustrations of Tanna Islanders (Vanuatu) that shaped European visions of the island from the 1770s through the 1830s, after which they were supplanted by Christian missionary depictions. Influenced by neoclassicist artistic convention, Hodges’s engravings, which subsequently were much copied, commonly paired panpipes with clubs in islander hands. A chain of early engravings that feature panpipes and clubs reveals an initial heroic vision of natural island dignity, as both these accessories evoked European classical ideals. Although subsequent Christian and social evolutionary views later disavowed noble savage tropes, these persist in contemporary touristic appreciation of island musical talent and tradition.
Improvement in the Method of Assembly of a New Production Process in the PIM

The present article has an demonstrates the steps of making a connection fastening device that assists in the process of assembling a new production process of a white line company in the industrial hub of Manaus. The process without the presence of this device would generate leakage besides a longer process and a greater probability of error in the assembly. It was decided to build a fastening device to use it in the line, which was built through machining and later followed by surface treatment with zinc. In view of these issues, a series of actions was developed with correct decision-making based on the needs of the project after identifying the problem, its cause and resulting problems. The construction of the device was performed by the supplier, who was chosen based on the best cost and development time at the time. A device capable of solving the problem of leakage, ergonomic improvement and decrease of error variability was obtained.
Safety of Intranasal Steroids: an Updated Perspective.

Intranasal corticosteroid sprays have been available as over-the-counter (OTC) medications since 2013. As such, clinicians need to be up-to-date with the risks and the safety of INS, as patients may have concerns and detailed questions. The following is a review of the recent medical literature regarding the safety profile, adverse reactions, and special populations using INS. The latest research on intranasal steroid sprays (INS) continue to confirm that INS rarely have significant local side effects, such as severe and persistent epistaxis. Recent studies looking at systemic side effects such as hypothalamic pituitary axis suppression, growth effects, and ocular effects do not indicate any new concerns nor have found significant differences from the past literature. The use of combination INS and topical antihistamine medications did not reveal any new safety issues. Use of INS with topical decongestants found some limited effects of tachyphylaxis and rebound congestion. Studies continue to support the use of newer INS for children and continued monitoring of growth in this population. The HIV population should avoid use of INS with the prescription of ritonavir, given demonstration of adrenal suppression. This updated perspective has found that newer generation INS should be used at the lowest effective dose for the selected population, that clinicians can inform patients using the OTC INS preparations that there are very few safety concerns, and that regular follow-up visits can provide further reassurance with physical examinations and address patient’s questions. Future research regarding the safety of INS should study newer preparations when developed and if used in combination with other topical agents.
Effects of corrective strabismus surgery on social anxiety and self-consciousness in adults.

Purpose To report the results of a questionnaire-based interventional study to evaluate the effects of strabismus surgery on private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety using a validated self-consciousness survey instrument. Methods Patients who underwent strabismus surgery completed a demographics and a self-consciousness scale form both pre- and postoperatively. The total and subscale (private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety) summative scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with statistically significant relationships defined as P Results Overall improvement was found postoperatively in total scores (P = 0.012), public self-consciousness scores (P = 0.009), and social anxiety scores (P = 0.028). Although improvement was noted for the private self-consciousness subscale (P = 0.188), it did not reach statistical significance. Subdivided according to strabismic and demographic subgroups, significant improvement was only noted in esotropic patients, college graduates, married/living partner/widowed patients, and separated/divorced patients. Conclusions This study suggests that beyond functional and cosmetic improvements, strabismus surgery can result in improved public self-consciousness and social anxiety, with greatest effect noted in esotropic, college graduates, and nonsingle patients.
Temporal, Sex-Specific, Social Media-Based Alcohol Influences during the Transition to College.

The transition to college is an important developmental phase, usually met with increased social desirability, access to alcohol, and new peer groups. Recently, research has utilized social media a...