cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hospital treatment of asthma: lack of benefit from theophylline given in addition to nebulized albuterol and intravenously administered corticosteroid**

Study objective : To determine the efficacy of theophylline when given in addition to nebulized albuterol and intravenously administered corticosterold to children hospitalized with mild to moderate asthma. Design : Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Setting : Tertiary-care children's hospital. Patients : Twenty-nine patients with asthma between the ages of 2 and 16 years completed the study. The treatment and placebo groups were similar in age, gender, race, illness severity, and emergency department treatment. Interventions : All patients received intravenously administered methylprednisolone and nebulized albuterol. The treatment group received intravenous theophylline therapy and the placebo group dextrose in water. When intravenously administered medications were discontinued, therapy continued with oral administration of theophylline (or placebo) and of prednisone. Measurements and main results : Twice-daily assessments of clinical asthma symptoms were made by using a scoring system consisting of respiratory rate, inspiratory/expiratory ratio, wheeze, and accessory muscle use. Time required to reach study discharge criteria (asthma score≤2) (30.4±16.8 vs 27.0±10.3 hours; p =0.51) and the rate of improvement of the clinical asthma score (−0.10±0.05 unit/hr vs−0.11±0.09 unit/hr; p =0.88) were not significantly different between the theophylline and placebo groups. The number of albuterol aerosol treatments required and the adverse effects experienced were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion : When the combination of systemically administered corticosteroid and inhaled albuterol is used in the treatment of children hospitalized with mild to moderate asthma, addition of theophylline may not be justified.
A Finite-State Model of Human Sentence Processing

It has previously been assumed in the psycholinguistic literature that finite-state models of language are crucially limited in their explanatory power by the locality of the probability distribution and the narrow scope of information used by the model. We show that a simple computational model (a bigram part-of-speech tagger based on the design used by Corley and Crocker (2000)) makes correct predictions on processing difficulty observed in a wide range of empirical sentence processing data. We use two modes of evaluation: one that relies on comparison with a control sentence, paralleling practice in human studies; another that measures probability drop in the disambiguating region of the sentence. Both are surprisingly good indicators of the processing difficulty of garden-path sentences. The sentences tested are drawn from published sources and systematically explore five different types of ambiguity: previous studies have been narrower in scope and smaller in scale, We do not deny the limitations of finite-state models, but argue that our results show that their usefulness has been underestimated.
Comparative Trial of Large-Particle Aerosol and Nose Drop Administration of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines

Healthy adult subjects (n = 198) were randomized to receive bivalent cold-adapted (ca) influenza A vaccine containing 10(7.4) TCID50 each of A/Kawasaki/9/86 (H1N1) and A/Los Angeles/2/87 (H3N2) by either nose drops (ND) or large-particle aerosol (LPA). All subjects had received monovalent inactivated influenza B vaccine intramuscularly in the previous year. Ninety percent of LPA recipients and 82% of ND recipients preferred intranasal administration to their previous experience with intramuscular vaccine. Twenty-six (27%) of 98 LPA recipients and 47 (49%) of 97 ND recipients reported swallowing vaccine (P = .008). Fever was observed uncommonly (< or = 5%), and incidence of respiratory symptoms was comparable between groups. Fourfold or greater hemagglutination antibody response to at least one of the influenza A vaccine viruses was significantly more frequent after LPA (64%) than ND vaccination (43%; P = .005). LPA administration of ca influenza to the nasopharynx was well tolerated, safe, and more immunogenic than ND delivery.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum increases cathepsin L activity, thereby globally influencing neutrophil function.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen, has a tropism for neutrophils and their precursors. The resulting disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is often characterized by fever, severe headache, malaise, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. The illness is rarely fatal, but death may occur as a result of opportunistic infections, often with catalase-positive organisms (7). Neutrophils infected with A. phagocytophilum demonstrate defects in several cellular functions (2, 31), suggesting that A. phagocytophilum exploits a number of pathways to survive in this hostile environment. One effect of A. phagocytophilum is the transcriptional repression of gp91phox, a key component of the respiratory burst. We have previously shown that A. phagocytophilum alters gp91phox expression by facilitating the binding of the repressor CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) to the gp91phox promoter (35). CDP is critical in the regulation of several genes associated with neutrophil differentiation and development (27). The repressive activity of CDP is generally reduced in terminally differentiated cells and correlates with the enhanced expression of target genes (23). The overexpression of CDP represses the expression of gp91phox, neutrophil gelatinase, human neutrophil peptide (HNP), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPɛ), among others (13, 15). The binding of CDP can be altered by interactions with accessory proteins such as SATB1, CBP, p300/CREB, and G9a (19, 21, 28) or by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation by protein kinase C, casein kinase II, and cyclin A/Cdk1, dephosphorylation by Cdc25A, and acetylation by PCAF (4, 5, 19, 24, 32). CDP binding activity is also influenced through proteolytic processing by the cysteine protease cathepsin L. The 200-kDa form of CDP contains displacement activity (25). The removal of the N-terminal portion of this protein releases an autoinhibitory activity and facilitates stable binding to the DNA (36). A nucleus-localized isoform of cathepsin L cleaves CDP during G1/S transition of the cell cycle, resulting in a 110-kDa fragment with enhanced DNA binding capability (26). More recently, a 90-kDa isoform of CDP with similar DNA binding ability was identified in cells of epithelial origin (11). Lysosomal cysteine proteases such as cathepsin L are known to participate in the regulation of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II and CD1d molecules (38). Cathepsin L cleavage of bacterial proteins can facilitate antigen presentation and the generation of an immune response (29), and the cleavage of viral glycoprotein by cathepsin L can facilitate viral fusion (30, 33). Here, we examined whether A. phagocytophilum infection facilitates cathepsin L activity to influence CDP binding activity and CDP-related genes.
A NEW RAT MODEL FOR STUDIES OF HYPOKINESIA AND ANTIORTHOSTASIS

A new rat model (suspension and immobilization) is described for induction of hypokinesia and orthostatic manipulations. Hypokinetic responses were comparable to those in prolonged bed rest and weightlessness in humans, body or limb casted and small cage restrained animals. Responses to antiorthostasis (15 to 20 deg head down tilt) in rats were similar to those in neutral bouyancy tests in humans and animals and to those in prolonged bed rest in humans. During seven days of hypokinesia there was an atrophy of the gastrocnemius and increased excretion of urinary nitrogeneous end products. The antiorthostatic (AOH) 15 to 20 deg head down tilt resulted in diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis. No comparable responses were observed in orthostatic hypokinetic (OH) rats. Readaptation from AOH and OH occurred during one week recovery in metabolic cage conditions.
Ex Vivo Characterization of Canine Liver Tissue Viscoelasticity after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation

The potential of elasticity imaging to detect high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) lesions on the basis of their distinct biomechanical properties is promising.However, information on the quantitative mechanical properties of the tissue and the optimal intensity at which to determine the best contrast parameters is scarce. In this study, fresh canine livers were ablated using combinations of ISPTA intensities of 5.55, 7.16 and 9.07 kW/cm 2 and durations of 10 and 30 s ex vivo, resulting in six groups of ablated tissues. Biopsy samples were then interro- gated using dynamic shear mechanical testing within the range of 0.1-10 Hz to characterize the tissue's post- ablation viscoelastic properties. All mechanical parameters were found to be frequency dependent. Compared with unablated cases, all six groups of ablated tissues had statistically significant higher complex shear modulus and shear viscosity. However, among the ablated groups, both complex shear modulus and shear viscosity were found to monotonically increase in groups 1-4 (5.55 kW/cm 2 for 10 s, 7.16 kW/cm 2 for 10 s, 9.07 kW/cm 2 for 10 s, and 5.55 kW/cm 2 for 30 s, respectively), but to decrease in groups 5 and 6 (7.16 kW/cm 2 for 30 s, and 9.07 kW/cm 2 for 30 s, respectively). For groups 5 and 6, the temperature was expected to exceed the boiling point, and therefore, the decreased stiffening could be due to the compromised integrity of the tissue microstructure. Future studies will entail estimation tissue mechanical properties in vivo and perform real-time monitoring of tissue alterations during ablation. (E-mail: ek2191@columbia.edu) 2014 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Literary Canons, Literary Studies, and Library Collections: A Retrospective On Collecting Twentieth-Century Writers

One of the most broadly based and strikingly interesting subjects in literary studies today is the question of canon-formation—which is but a part of an inquiry into the institutions of literary study. Admittedly the basis of this larger inquiry is frequently ironic, with protestations of the power of the canon’s establishment, calls for its change or expansion, and the recognition of the social structures that created and continue to preserve it. The subject involves extensive discussion of such questions as how artists reinforce the canon by the choice of styles or procedures, how critics construct canons, how canons govern . . .
Endothelial Dysfunction as an Early Critical Event in Ischemia and Shock

Splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) followed by reperfusion (R) of the ischemic splanchnic visceral organs results in precipitous decline in systemic blood pressure, leading to a circulatory shock state [1]. SAO + R shock is a very severe form of shock with a characteristic high mortality rate (i.e., 80%–95%). The pathogenesis of SAO + R shock is complex and involves multiple mechanisms including (a) capillary leakage and hypovolemia, (b) loss of vascular control mechanisms (e.g., tendency towards poor splanchnic perfusion, vasospasm), and (c) depression of myocardial contractility [2]. Recently, neutrophils have been implicated in contributing to SAO + R shock [3, 4]. Neutrophil accumulation in tissues may lead to the release of a variety of humoral mediators of shock including (a) oxygen derived free radicals (e.g., superoxide radical), (b) cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor, TNF), and (c) proteolytic enzymes (e.g., elastase). Additionally neutrophils may accumulate in small blood vessels and physically obstruct blood flow there, thus contributing to the perpetuation of the ischemic state [5]. Similar effects occur during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI + R) [5, 6] except that a lethal form of shock does not develop.
Mental Health Services for Small Island Societies in the Pacific

It is an obvious fact that the nature of a mental health program is closely related to the socio-cultural background of the community within which the program emerges. Micronesia, a unique society, provides an example for illustrating how the mental health system has been developing to meet special socio-cultural circumstances.
Seismological studies at Parkfield VI: Moment release rates and estimates of source parameters for small repeating earthquakes

Abstract Waveform data from a borehole network of broadband seismographic stations have been used to study microearthquakes along the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault (SAF). Analysis of almost 10 years of such data demonstrates that much of the seismicity in this region consists of repeating sequences, quasiperiodic sequences of earthquakes that are essentially identical in terms of waveform, size, and location. Scalar seismic moments have been estimated for 53 of these repeating sequences and combined with equivalent estimates from 8 similar but larger event sequences from the Stone Canyon section of the fault and the main Parkfield sequence. These estimates show that seismic moment is being released as a function of time in a very regular manner. Measurements of the moment release rate, combined with an assumed tectonic loading rate, lead to estimates of the seismic parameters source area, slip, and recurrence interval. Such parameters exhibit a systematic dependence upon source size over a range of 10 10 in seismic moment that can be described by three simple scaling relationships. Several implications of these scaling relationships are explored, including the repeat time of earthquakes, average stress drop, strength of the fault, and heat generated by earthquakes. What emerges from this analysis of moment release rates is a quantitative description of an earthquake process that is controlled by small strong asperities that occupy less than 1% of the fault area. This means that the fault is highly heterogeneous with respect to stress, strength, and heat generation. Such heterogeneity helps to explain many of the apparent contradictions that are encountered in the study of earthquakes, such as why faults appear weak, why significant heat flow is not observed, how significant high frequencies can be generated by large earthquakes, and how various geologic features such as pseudotachylytes might form.
Everything Old Is New Again: Using Nelfinavir to Radiosensitize Rectal Cancer.

Repurposing agents approved for other indications to radiosensitize tumors may be advantageous. The study by Hill and colleagues utilizes Nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, in combination with radiotherapy in rectal cancer in a prospective study. This combination may improve tumor perfusion and regression compared to radiotherapy alone.
Do the Ends Justify the Means? Good Question. But What Happens When the Means Become the Ends?

It has been several years since the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS, 2013) has been unveiled and the difficult work now begins, for both science teachers and science teacher educators. As y...
Abstract 271: Heregulin internalization to the nucleus is mediated via binding to nucleolin

Heregulin internalization to the nucleus is mediated via binding to Nucleolin Lin Yang, and Ruth Lupu. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55902 Heregulin (HRG) is known as a soluble secreted growth factor of EGF-like family, which binds and activates HER3 and HER4 and transactivates HER2 and HER1 receptors. It has been shown that HRG translocates to the nucleus in triple negative breast cancer cells that express high level of HRG. The mechanism by which HRG translocates to the nucleus is still unknown. We have recently uncovered that Nucleolin binds to Heregulin and allows HRG to translocate to the nucleus. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that multifunctional protein Nucleolin is a major HRG-associated protein. Using co-immunoprecipitation we confirmed HRG interacts with Nucleolin in both endogenous and ectopic levels. Then, we made deleted mutants of HRG to map the Nucleolin binding domain on HRG and we found that Nucleolin binds to HRG on its N-terminus which contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). Remarkably, in these cells we found a striking peri-nuclear accumulation when Nucleolin was knocked down. These results show for the first time that HRG translocate to the nucleus mediated by Nucleolin binding in breast cancer cells. Importantly, the nuclear function of HRG remains as a positive regulator of chemosensitization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 271.
Infrared spectroscopy and 193 nm photochemistry of methylamine isolated in solid parahydrogen.

The in situ UV photolysis of a precursor molecule trapped in a parahydrogen (pH2) matrix is a simple method used to generate isolated radical photofragments that are well suited for infrared spectroscopic studies. However, for molecules that can dissociate via multiple pathways, little is known about how the pH2 matrix influences the branching among these open pathways. We report FTIR spectroscopic studies of the 193 nm photodecomposition of methylamine (MA, CH3NH2) isolated in pH2 quantum matrixes at 1.8 K. We observe single exponential decay of the MA precursor upon irradiation and the quantum yield for MA photodissociation is measured to be Φ = 0.26(2) consistent with a weak pH2 cage effect. By comparing to gas-phase results, we show the in situ photolysis results in greater production of molecular products (CH2═NH + H2) compared to radical products (CH3NH + H) consistent with the idea of partial caging of the H atom photofragments. The information gained in this work can be used to guide future photol...
Unsteady Flow and Its Reduced-Order Modeling of A Finite-Aspect-Ratio Flapping Foil

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)Galerkin projection are conducted for a 3-D foil undergoing pitching and plunging motion. POD analysis shows that most turbulent kinetic energy (96%) is contained by the first six POD modes, whereas the first four modes are sufficient to reconstruct the vortices formation in the far wake zone. Reconstruction coefficients of the first two POD modes could be accurately predicted by using a pressure correction based Galerkin projection method. Complex topological structures are found existing in iso-surfaces of velocity and Q-criterion of POD modes.
Influence of Obesity Diagnosis With Organ Dysfunction, Mortality, and Resource Use Among Children Hospitalized With Infection in the United States.

Background:Sepsis induces inflammation in response to infection and is a major cause of mortality and hospitalization in children. Obesity induces chronic inflammation leading to many clinical manifestations. Our understanding of the impact of obesity on diseases, such as infection and sepsis, is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of obesity with organ dysfunction, mortality, duration, and charges during among US children hospitalized with infection.Methods:Retrospective study of hospitalizations in children with infection aged 0 to 20 years, using the 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database.Results:Of 3.4 million hospitalizations, 357 701 were for infection, 5685 of which were reported as obese children. Obese patients had higher rates of organ dysfunction (7.35% vs 5.5%, P < .01), longer hospital stays (4.1 vs 3.5 days, P < .001), and accrued higher charges (US$29 019 vs US$21 200, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, mortality did not differ by obesity status (odds ratio: 0.56,...
A Model Combining Teaching with Research for Automation Specialty

Relying on automation specialty of Northeastern University,according to social needs and features of automation specialty, with practicalness, contemporaneity, systematicness and subject intersectionality, a model combining teaching with research which teaching jobs are taken as academic work to research is established. The model of combining teaching with research is explored and realized for automation specialty and it runs through overall process of teaching. Relevant teaching practice indicates that students 'proficiency are effectively stimulated in automation specialty. It can realize to pass on knowledge and skills during thinking,promote knowledge,skills and quality comprehensive harmonious development,and elevate cultivation quality of top-notch innovative personnel.
291 EARLY INTRAVENOUS AMINO ACIDS AND THE METABOLIC RESPONSE OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS (# 1,000 GRAMS).

Purpose To compare metabolic and physiologic responses of extremely low birth weight (ELBW: # 1,000 g) neonates to early (# 24 hours.) or later (> 24 hr) initiation of intravenous amino acids (iAA) with glucose in the first 6 days of life. Methods This study received IRB approval prior to initiation. Infants were born between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/01. In addition to BW # 1,000 g, eligibility criteria included admission to the Kosair Children9s Hospital NICU within 24 hours of birth, survival $ 7 days, and lack of major congenital anomalies. Data were collected retrospectively from infant medical charts. Cohorts were initially constructed based on initiation of iAA before or after 24 hours of life. Additionally, data were analyzed in 2 BW cohorts (# 750 g and 751-1,000 g) to study effects related to developmental immaturity. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 11.5. Statistical significance was set at p Results There were 70 infants in the final data set. The proportion of infants who were small for gestational age (SGA: BW Conclusions Intravenous AA can be safely used in very critically ill, immature neonates in the first hours of life. Early iAA can reduce loss of lean body mass.
Design of key positions of loading towers in ultra-high voltage transmission tower test base

The authors discuss the structural design of two key positions on the loading towers in the UHV transmission tower test base.These positions include application of four combined angle steels(Q345L300×30and Q345L250×25)to base of vertical column,disposal of node between across grider and vertical column.Loading towers in the UHV transmission tower test base have already accomplished full-scale test of ten towers from projects of 1 000kV 1-tower double-circuit transmission line and±800kV DC transmission line.Reliability of the design of two key positions on loading towers is proved.The relevant solution of design can give a reference to engineering technicians.
Diffraction in TEM

This chapter will set the stage for our discussion of imaging using diffraction contrast. Put simply, diffraction contrast arises because the intensity of the diffr3acted beams is different in different regions of the specimen. These variations may arise because of changing diffracting conditions or because of differences in specimen thickness. In our study of diffraction in the TEM, we will see spots—lots of them. Sometimes the ‘spots’ will be small faint points and other times they will be large disks, which themselves contain ‘structure’ and more information. Other patterns will contain lines that we will examine in Chapters 19–21.
Lack of a nocturnal rise in serum concentrations of melatonin as gilts attain puberty.

Twenty prepubertal crossbred gilts (Yorkshire x Hampshire x Duroc) weighing 98.1 +/- 4.2 kg at 5 mo of age were placed in an environmentally controlled room having a temperature of 18 degrees C and light:dark cycle of 12 h:12 h. Light intensity measured 700 lx at eye level to the gilts. Three mature ewes were penned adjacent to the gilts to serve as positive controls for the light-dark cycles. After a 30-d acclimation period, 10 gilts from the pool determined to be prepubertal (serum progesterone .05). Incidence of nocturnal rises of MEL was similar (P > .05) in gilts that attained puberty and gilts that did not attain puberty. Nocturnal rises in MEL were observed in 86.2% of the bleeding periods of ewes housed in the same environment. These data indicate clearly that nocturnal rises in serum MEL are not necessary for a gilt to attain puberty.
In the Shadow of Germany: the Militarization of the Cold War in Austria, 1948–52

The four occupation powers negotiated the Austrian treaty to restore its sovereignty. Yet the longer Austrian treaty-making lasted the more it got swept up in the maelstrom of Cold War tensions. When no treaty was signed by 1948 the “militarization” of the Cold War made its timely conclusion increasingly unlikely. Stalin’s fluid security goals made him test Western resolve in Berlin and Korea and consolidate his empire in Eastern Europe. He refused to abandon Austria as long as the German question remained unresolved and his reparations-take from the German assets in Eastern Austria continued to flow. The Austrian Communists did not abandon their pursuits of undermining the Figl Government, and concocted putsch plans. This increased Western threat perceptions over Austria, especially after the “elegant” Communist coup in Prague. The American military wanted to ensure that Austria could be adequately defended before withdrawing its forces from Austria. The Pentagon would not tolerate a “military vacuum” in Austria and the Alpine passes became geostrategically increasingly important for the defence of Western Europe. The North Korean Communist attack in June 1950 and the Communist-inspired October strikes in Austria only confirmed the worst fears of American military planners. Now Washington’s plans for the secret rearmament of Western Austria were implemented. By the early 1950s Washington clearly had advanced to the position of Western hegemony and no longer contemplated negotiating with the Soviets when pushing for Western rearmament.
The Battan Memorial and 40th Anniversary Conference on Radar Meteorology and the Conference Book Radar in Meteorology

The first conference on radar meteorology was a small informal meeting held at MIT on 14 March 1947. We did not know at that time that there would be others, so it was not known as the “first.” By 1986, we had held 23 conferences spaced about 21 months apart on average. Rogers and Smith (2) provide an interesting commentary on the important role of these conferences in stimulating progress in the field and setting the style for AMS meetings in all other specialties.
Development of self-inflicted injury: comorbidities and continuities with borderline and antisocial personality traits

Self-inflicted injury (SII) is a continuum of intentionally self-destructive behaviors, including nonsuicidal self-injuries, suicide attempts, and death by suicide. These behaviors are among the most pressing yet perplexing clinical problems, affecting males and females of every race, ethnicity, culture, socioeconomic status, and nearly every age. The complexity of these behaviors has spurred an immense literature documenting risk and vulnerability factors ranging from individual to societal levels of analysis. However, there have been relatively few attempts to articulate a life span developmental model that integrates ontogenenic processes across these diverse systems. The objective of this review is to outline such a model with a focus on how observed patterns of comorbidity and continuity can inform developmental theories, early prevention efforts, and intervention across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Specifically, when SII is viewed through the developmental psychopathology lens, it becomes apparent that early temperamental risk factors are associated with risk for SII and a range of highly comorbid conditions, such as borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Prevention efforts focused on early-emerging biological and temperamental contributors to psychopathology have great potential to reduce risk for many presumably distinct clinical problems. Such work requires identification of early biological vulnerabilities, behaviorally conditioned social mechanisms, as well as societal inequities that contribute to self-injury and underlie intergenerational transmission of risk.
Noise Enhanced Signal Detection and Estimation

Noise is traditionally defined as an unwanted signal or disturbance to the system. In general, more noise in the system often leads to a worse system performance, e.g., less channel capacity, worse detection performance and degraded estimation accuracy. However, noise may play a constructive role in some systems. The phenomenon of noise enhanced system (PHONES) is observed and employed in many areas. In this paper, PHONES is investigated for some signal processing systems including detection and estimation. The mathematical framework to analyze PHONES is established and the optimum noise pdf is found. Some illustrative examples are also presented.
Quantitative Analyses of Synergistic Responses between Cannabidiol and DNA-Damaging Agents on the Proliferation and Viability of Glioblastoma and Neural Progenitor Cells in Culture

Evidence suggests that the nonpsychotropic cannabis-derived compound, cannabidiol (CBD), has antineoplastic activity in multiple types of cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DNA-damaging agents remain the main standard of care treatment available for patients diagnosed with GBM. Here we studied the antiproliferative and cell-killing activity of CBD alone and in combination with DNA-damaging agents (temozolomide, carmustine, or cisplatin) in several human GBM cell lines and in mouse primary GBM cells in cultures. This activity was also studied in mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in culture to assess for potential central nervous system toxicity. We found that CBD induced a dose-dependent reduction of both proliferation and viability of all cells with similar potencies, suggesting no preferential activity for cancer cells. Hill plot analysis indicates an allosteric mechanism of action triggered by CBD in all cells. Cotreatment regimens combining CBD and DNA-damaging agents produced synergistic antiproliferating and cell-killing responses over a limited range of concentrations in all human GBM cell lines and mouse GBM cells as well as in mouse NPCs. Remarkably, antagonistic responses occurred at low concentrations in select human GBM cell lines and in mouse GBM cells. Our study suggests limited synergistic activity when combining CBD and DNA-damaging agents in treating GBM cells, along with little to no therapeutic window when considering NPCs.
Professional Socialization and Attitudes Towards Interprofessional Collaboration Among Graduate Social Work and Health Professions Students

Although there is an aggressive push towards interprofessional collaboration in higher education as well as in practice, the traditional culture and organization of higher education, as well as the need for and history of disciplinary distinction, may impede these efforts. Using an online survey, this study explored the relationship between professional socialization of 157 graduate students in four disciplines and their perceptions and attitudes about interprofessional collaboration. Results indicate that first year students had more positive perceptions and attitudes about interprofessional collaboration than more advanced students. Furthermore, social work students perceived themselves as having lower prestige than graduate-level nursing, pharmacy, and medical students. These findings suggest that, unless managed strategically, professional socialization may diminish positive perceptions and attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration. Thus, social work educators should pay careful attention to the role of professional socialization and how it is manifest in both the explicit and implicit curriculum.
Iterative Methods for Leontief Input-Output Model

The Leontief input-output models are certainly famous and well-known for their utility in solving economic problems. If the associated matrix problems, for these models, have a very large number of unknowns, then direct methods may experience problems with round-off errors, and standard iterative methods can be considered as alternative solution methods. While this is no doubt known to experts in this area, our goal here is simply to show that standard iterative methods can be rigorously applied to such problems, as examples given here, show.
Grain structure evolution, grain boundary sliding and material flow resistance in friction welding of Alloy 718

Abstract Alloy 718 tubes were subjected to rotary friction welding to understand to the process fundamental and grain structure evolution during welding. The distribution of grain size, low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and twin boundaries throughout the joints were quantitatively analyzed. The weld power, axial load, and weld temperature were monitored. The grain structure evolution during friction welding was clarified. The grain structure in the recrystallization zone (RXZ) of the weld was a result of competition between dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary sliding (GBS), which is controlled by the local deformation condition. The axial force during welding decreased with reducing the rotation rate from 1000 rpm to 500 rpm. This anomalistic phenomenon can be ascribed that a decrease in rotation rate resulted in finer grain size in the RXZ of the weld, which required lower applied force to enable GBS.
Measurement of depression treatment among patients receiving HIV primary care: Whither the truth?

Abstract Background Prescription records, manual chart review, and patient self-report are each imperfect measures of depression treatment in HIV-infected adults. Methods We compared antidepressant prescription records in an electronic data warehouse with antidepressant treatment and psychotherapy identified via manual chart review and self-report for patients at 6 academic HIV treatment centers. We examined concordance among these three sources, and used latent class analysis (LCA) to estimate sensitivity and specificity of each measure. Results In our charts sample (n = 586), 59% had chart indication of “any depression treatment” and 46% had a warehouse prescription record. Antidepressant use was concordant between charts and data warehouse for 77% of the sample. In our self-report sample (n = 677), 52% reported any depression treatment and 43% had a warehouse prescription record. Self-report of antidepressant treatment was consistent with prescription records for 71% of the sample. LCA estimates of sensitivity and specificity for “any depression treatment” were 67% and 90% (warehouse), 87% and 75% (self-report), and 96% and 77% (chart). Limitations There is no gold standard to measure depression treatment. Antidepressants may be prescribed to patients for conditions other than depression. The results may not be generalizable to patient populations in non-academic HIV clinics. Regarding LCA, dependence of errors may have led to overestimation of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Prescription records were largely concordant with self-report and chart review, but there were discrepancies. Studies of depression in HIV-infected patients would benefit from using multiple measures of depression treatment or correcting for exposure misclassification.
Contemporary Drug Treatment of Hypertension: Focus on Recent Guidelines

The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines diagnose hypertension if systolic blood pressure (SBP) is ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is ≥ 80 mmHg. Increased BP is SBP 120–129 mmHg with DBP 65 years. The selection of antihypertensive drug treatment is discussed.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is overused to diagnose pulmonary embolism in the emergency department of academic community hospital.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease in the USA responsible for up to 10% of hospital mortality. Modified wells score (MWS) and D-dimer assay are used to categorize patients into...
Singlewide: chasing the American dream in a rural trailer park

In Singlewide, Salamon and MacTavish provide a richly detailed account of life in rural mobile home parks and the structural contexts that shape it. Though many researchers and laypeople alike may ...
A Public Religion and Biomedical Ethics

This article describes the exclusion of public expressions of religion from the history of bioethics during recent decades. It offers a proposal to include public religion for the purpose of gaining donations of vital organs for transplantation, more appreciation for the gift of aging, and more concern for universal access to health care. I also include a brief discussion of theological support and practical suggestions for such a program.
Biotechnology, Sustainability and Trust

This paper explores the relationship between technology, trust, and sustainability. It focuses on the critical role that a particular form of trust, - social trust - plays in helping societies have a genuine conversation about the many problems they face that are fraught with uncertainty. That role for trust offers a window into how social trust can be a building block for a more resilient society, and how it can help societies become more sustainable.
Fusion of Color/Infrared Video for Human Detection

In this chapter, we approach the task of human silhouette extraction from color and thermal image sequences using automatic image registration. Image registration between color and thermal images is a challenging problem due to the difficulties associated with finding correspondence. However, moving people in a static scene provide cues to address this problem. We first propose a hierarchical scheme to automatically find the correspondence between the preliminary human silhouettes extracted from synchronous color and thermal image sequences for image registration. Next, we discuss strategies for probabilistically combining cues from registered color and thermal images for improved human silhouette detection. It is shown that the proposed approach achieves good results for image registration and human silhouette extraction. Experimental results also show a comparison of various sensor fusion strategies and demonstrate the improvement in performance over non-fused cases for human silhouette extraction.
Quantitative determination of esterified eicosanoids and related oxygenated metabolites after base hydrolysis

Eicosanoids and related metabolites (oxylipins) possess potent signaling properties, elicit numerous important physiologic responses, and serve as biomarkers of disease. In addition to their presence in free form, a considerable portion of these bioactive lipids is esterified to complex lipids in cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins. We developed a rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of esterified oxylipins using alkaline hydrolysis to release them followed by ultra-performance LC coupled with mass spectrometric analysis. Detailed evaluation of the data revealed that several oxylipins are susceptible to alkaline-induced degradation. Nevertheless, of the 136 metabolites we examined, 56 were reproducibly recovered after alkaline hydrolysis. We classified those metabolites that were resistant to alkaline-induced degradation and applied this methodology to quantify metabolite levels in a macrophage cell model and in plasma of healthy subjects. After alkaline hydrolysis of lipids, 34 metabolites could be detected and quantified in resting and activated macrophages, and 38 metabolites were recovered from human plasma at levels that were substantially greater than in free form. By carefully selecting internal standards and taking the observed experimental limitations into account, we established a robust method that can be reliably employed for the measurement of esterified oxylipins in biological samples.
Management ties and firm performance: Influence of family governance

Abstract The relationship between managerial ties and firm performance has gained attention in the organization and management literature. However, existing studies that have examined the relationship between managerial ties and firm performance have reported inconsistent results. Drawing from agency theory, socioemotional wealth and the resource-based view, this study further examines the above relationship by investigating the probable influence of the family ownership role. Specifically, the present article investigates how family ownership moderates the influence of business and political ties on the return on assets (ROA) of public firms in Taiwan from 2013–2015. The findings show that business ties have a greater impact on the performance of family firms than nonfamily firms. However, the negative impact of political ties on firm performance is greater for family firms than nonfamily firms. Overall, the results provide an interesting implication: Although developing business ties is still a useful strategy for Taiwanese family firms, political ties are less important than in other countries. Therefore, business ties ensure the overall health and well-being of family firms that are more likely to contribute to the betterment of society.
Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the least biased of them all? Dangers and potential solutions regarding bias in forensic psychological evaluations:

When psychological evaluators are asked to provide their expert opinions in legal proceedings, they are expected to do so in an objective and unbiased way. The statutory requirements regarding the ...
A comparison of blood and toenails as biomarkers of children’s exposure to lead and their correlation with cognitive function

Abstract This study sought to compare lead (Pb) concentrations in toenails and blood and to investigate the association of each biomarker with children’s cognitive function. Toenails and whole blood samples were collected from 224 twelve-year-old children, and their full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–4th edition. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine blood (BPb) and toenail (TPb) Pb concentrations. Log BPb and Log TPb were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.49, p
Chapter 30 – Boll Weevil

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis, which is a beetle belonging to the family Curculionidae. Eggs of the boll weevil are pearly white, usually elliptical, and approximately 0.8 mm long by 0.5 mm wide. Legless white grubs hatch from eggs; they have light brown heads approximately 1 mm long. The boll weevil belongs to a family of insects that is strictly phytophagous. This group is highly host-specific and generally prefers flower buds for feeding. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the principal host plant of boll weevil, but it also develops on certain species of the related genera Thespesia, Cienfuegosia, and Hampea. The boll weevil passes the winter in diapause in the adult stage sheathed beneath brush and ground litter and in other protected locations in or around cotton fields. The boll weevil is important to examine in detail because of its destructive impact in cultivated cotton, use of aggregation pheromone, overwintering diapause, existence as three different but difficult-to-distinguish forms of the species, and status as the target of successful, area-wide eradication efforts in the United States.
Racial Differences in Dietary Relations to Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Do We Know Enough?

The elderly population in the US is increasing and projected to be 44% minority by 2060. African Americans and Hispanics are at increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease compared to non-Hispanic whites. These conditions are associated with many other adverse health outcomes, lower quality of life, and substantial economic burden. In the past few decades, diet has been identified as an important modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Some studies report poor diet quality among African American and Hispanic older adult populations compared to their white counterparts. We have a limited understanding of how diet affects brain health in different racial-ethnic groups. One primary reason for our lack of knowledge is that most cohort studies are of majority non-Hispanic white participants. Moreover, those that do include minority participants do not publish their findings stratified by racial-ethnic groups, and likely have a less accurate measurement of dietary intake among minority groups. In this review, we summarize the current, albeit limited, literature on racial/ethnic differences in dietary relations to dementia outcomes. We will also discuss methodological issues in conducting nutrition studies in diverse cultures, and suggestions for future research directions. Overcoming the gaps will make it possible to make dietary recommendations for Alzheimer's prevention that are more relevant for different racial/ethnic groups and set us on a faster track to reduce health disparities.
Risk factors for enterococcal bacteriuria in dogs: A retrospective study

Background In humans, Enterococcus spp. urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly associated with urinary catheter-induced urothelial inflammation but this is not the case in dogs. Hypothesis/objectives To identify risk factors predisposing dogs to enterococcal bacteriuria. Animals Seventy dogs with Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria (case) and 70 dogs with Enterococcus coli bacteriuria (control). Methods A single center retrospective case-control study with subjects and controls identified by a medical records search for Enterococcus spp. (subject) or E coli (control) bacteriuria from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. Cases and controls were balanced with respect to average age and weight. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate and test whether the odds of having Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria (instead of E coli) were associated with the presence of any given characteristic. Results A history of recurrent bacteriuria was significantly more common in Enterococcus spp. cases than in E coli controls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-4.16, P = .04). Comorbidities associated with the presence of Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria included lower urinary tract (LUT) anatomic abnormalities (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.17-8.10, P = .02), urolithiasis (P = .01), and the presence of LUT neoplasia (P = .04). Small frequencies (n = 12 and n = 6, respectively) compromise our ability to precisely estimate the genuine OR for the latter 2 characteristics. Conclusions and clinical importance If the identified risk factors promote Enterococcus spp. colonization in dogs via induced LUT inflammation similar to people then Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria could be a sentinel for underlying LUT inflammation.
Shedding 'light' on cigarette pack design: colour differences in product perceptions, use and exposure following the US descriptor ban.

Introduction Many countries removed misleading descriptors (eg, ‘light,’ ‘mild’) from cigarette packaging because they falsely conveyed messages of reduced risk. It is unclear if relabelled products currently promote misperceptions or differences in product use and toxicant exposure. We compared product perceptions, use and exposure between a US sample of Marlboro Gold (formerly ‘light’) and Red smokers. Methods 240 non-treatment-seeking adult daily Marlboro smokers (70% male, 71% White, mean cigarettes/day=16.4 (SD=8.3)) completed two laboratory sessions over a 5-day period. During sessions, participants smoked two cigarettes through a topography device to capture their puffing behaviour, provided precigarette and postcigarette carbon monoxide (CO) assessments, and completed risk perception and subjective rating questionnaires. Self-reported cigarettes per day were verified via daily filter collection; urine collected at the end of the period was assayed for nicotine metabolites. Results Gold (n=49) smokers were more likely than Red (n=191) to incorrectly believe their cigarettes had less nicotine and tar than regular cigarettes (ps 0.1). Conclusions Misperceptions about nicotine and tar exist years after rebranding Marlboro Lights as Marlboro Gold. Biological results support that Gold smokers do not have lower toxicant exposure. The US should consider comprehensive packaging or product design regulations to properly inform smokers of product risks. Trial registeration number NCT02301351.