cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from the Intensive Mental Health Program: A School-based, Community Oriented Program for Children with Serious Emotional Disturbances

The Intensive Mental Health Program meets the needs for services in school systems for children with serious emotional disturbances and for training graduate students in clinical applications with a difficult-to-serve population. We address the range of challenges and rewards experienced in the development of the comprehensive intervention program, the continued maintenance of program elements, and the program evaluation.
Cross section of slow neutrons on orthodeuterium

The total cross section of slow neutrons on gaseous orthodeuterium has been measured near 22 K and at pressures ranging from 145 to 300 Torr. The results give rise to a set of values for the neutron-deuteron scattering lengths that are in significant disagreement with the latest liquid mirror measurements. The relationship between the scattering lengths was found to be: ${(2{a}_{4}+{a}_{2})}^{2}+(\frac{5}{4}){({a}_{4}\ensuremath{-}{a}_{2})}^{2}=(2.313\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Priority-setting in international non-governmental organizations: it is not as easy as ABCD

Recently theorists have demonstrated a growing interest in the ethical aspects of resource allocation in international non-governmental humanitarian, development and human rights organizations (INGOs). This article provides an analysis of Thomas Pogge's proposal for how international human rights organizations ought to choose which projects to fund. Pogge's allocation principle states that ‘an INGO should govern its decision making about candidate projects by such rules and procedures as are expected to maximize its long-run cost-effectiveness, defined as the expected aggregate moral value of the projects it undertakes divided by the expected aggregate cost of these projects’ (2007. Moral priorities for international human rights NGOs. In Ethics in action, ed. D. Bell and J. Coicaud, 218–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 241). I critique Pogge's argument on two fronts: (1) I demonstrate that his view is problematic on his own terms, even if we accept the cost-effectiveness framework he employs. (...
Permanent pacing in patients with transient trifascicular block during acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Patients with acute myocardial infarction and transient complete atrioventricular (A-V) block in association with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock have a high incidence rate of late sudden death presumably due to recurrent A-V block. Over a 5 year period, 18 patients demonstrated right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock and had transient complete block during an acute myocardial infarction and survived to hospital discharge. Of six patients who did not have permanent pacing, five died suddenly (one was lost to follow-up) with a mean survival time of 2.4 months after hospital discharge. Twelve subsequent patients received permanent demand pacemakers and had a significantly improved prognosis with a mean survival time of 18 months ( P
Analysis of the dihydropyridine receptor site of L-type calcium channels by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.

Abstract The dihydropyridine Ca2+antagonist drugs used in the therapy of cardiovacular disorders inhibitl-type Ca2+ channels by binding to a single high affinity site. Photoaffinity labeling and analysis of mutant Ca2+ channels implicate the IIIS6 and IVS6 segments in high affinity binding. The amino acid residues that are required for high affinity binding of dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists were probed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the α1C subunit, transient expression in mammalian cells, and analysis by measurements of ligand binding and block of Ba2+ currents through expressed Ca2+ channels. Eleven amino acid residues in transmembrane segments IIIS6 and IVS6 were identified whose mutation reduced the affinity for the Ca2+ antagonist PN200-110 by 2–25-fold. Both amino acid residues conserved among Ca2+ channels and those specific to l-type Ca2+ channels were found to be required for high affinity dihydropyridine binding. In addition, mutation F1462A increased the affinity for the dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist PN200-110 by 416-fold with no effect on the affinity for the Ca2+ agonist Bay K8644. The residues in transmembrane segments IIIS6 and IVS6 that are required for high affinity binding are primarily aligned on single faces of these two α helices, supporting a “domain interface model” of dihydropyridine binding and action in which the IIIS6 and IVS6 interact to form a high affinity dihydropyridine receptor site on l-type Ca2+ channels.
Studies on the biological activities of actinomycins Z1 and Z5

Abstract The biological activities of actinomycins Z 1 , Z 5 , and IV (D) were compared. No consistent pattern was observed between the in vitro and in vivo results. Inhibition of E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in vitro followed the sequence IV > Z 1 > Z 5 ; however, for inhibition of RNA synthesis in B. subtilis and in HeLa cells the sequence was IV > Z 5 > Z 1 and the latter relationship was seen in the antimicrobial activity also. Physicochemical data did not agree with any of these findings. Difference spectra obtained with B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus DNA followed the sequence Z 1 > IV > Z 5 , while the relative thermal denaturation profiles were the exact opposite, Z 5 > IV > Z 1 . These physicochemical criteria appear to be less reliable quantitative guides to biological activity. The relative ineffectiveness of actinomycin Z 1 in vivo is probably the result of permeability differences associated with the presence of an hydroxylated proline residue (3-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-methylproline).
Comparative efficiency of general and residual parsers

Some fundamentals of the partial computation concept are concisely reviewed, including its relevance to the relationship between table-driven, general syntactic analyzers and source-language-specific, residual syntactic analyzers. A manual methodology for converting general parsers into generators of residual parsers is explained, using an LL(1) parser as a detailed example. The results of several experiments are reported, comparing the time and space efficiencies of different general parsers with corresponding, automatically generated, residual parsers. The latter parsers are usually several times faster than the former ones.
Surface responses of aortic valve endothelia from diet-induced, hypercholesterolemic rabbits☆

Endothelia lining the 2 surfaces (arterial and ventricular) of the posterior cusp of aortic valves from normocholesterolemic, New Zealand white rabbits were found to display pleomorphic surface features characterized by differences in cellular shape and orientation to the direction of blood flow, microappendage populations (microvilli and blebs), nuclear contours and the surface reactions of cationic dyes (RR, AB) and peroxidase-conjugated lectins (Con A, Limulin, WGA). With the aid of SEM and TEM, the cells lining the arterial surfaces appeared relatively smooth and flattened with a moderate to heavy reaction of the carbohydrate cell coat at the blood interface. By contrast, the contours of the endothelia lining the ventricular surfaces were noticeably raised with numerous plasmalemmal microappendages and only a moderate dye/lectin reaction. Observations of similar endothelial populations from diet-induced, hypercholesterolemic rabbits (500 mg/dl) revealed a variety of dramatic changes in the cells lining the arterial surfaces of the valvular cusps. No severe changes were observed in the endothelia of the ventricular surfaces. Such findings are suggestive further of the importance of the interaction between the environment and the endothelial cell coat as influencing factors in the onset of intramural lipid infiltration.
Corrections to the Walker–Thompson estimate of the cascade volume

Abstract Sigmund [P. Sigmund, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25 (1974) 169] analytically predicted that the ratio of cascade volume to energy distribution volume should follow a universal curve that is sigmoidal in shape. Subsequent Monte Carlo simulations by Walker and Thompson [R.S. Walker, D.A. Thompson, Radiat. Eff. 37 (1978) 113] showed that although this curve is sigmoidal in shape, the curve is different for different materials with large deviations from Sigmund’s prediction at high M2/M1. Our analysis of the Walker and Thompson approach has revealed an error in the analytical equations used. A correct analysis of volume ratios using a different set of equations is presented. Analysis of data produced by SRIM [J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark, in: The Stopping and Range of Ions in solids, Pergamon, New York, 1985] (Monte Carlo) simulations gives results that are in good agreement with Sigmund’s predictions.
How Parents Influence Their Children's Drug Attitudes and Practices

The purpose of this study was to determine how parents influence their children's drug attitudes and behaviors. In addition to identifying specific drug practices and demographic variables, parents responded to a modified version of Shoben's Parent Attitude Survey. The PAS measures the level of parental dominance, possessiveness, and disregard for the child. Moderately dominant parents were found to have children with more healthful attitudes towards drugs and lower patterns of drug use than parents who had low scores on this subscale.
Audiogram of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

The audiograms of three big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were determined using a conditioned avoidance procedure. The average audiogram ranged from 0.850 kHz at 106 dB to 120 kHz at 83 dB SPL, with a best threshold of 7 dB at 20 kHz and a distinct decrease in sensitivity at 45 kHz. The results confirm those of a previous study by Dalland (1965a) that the big brown bat has good high-frequency hearing coupled with poor low-frequency hearing. Comparative analysis suggests that the bat's good high-frequency hearing initially evolved for passive sound localization and that it was later coopted for use in echolocation. In addition, the restricted low-frequency hearing of the big brown bat is typical of mammals with good high-frequency hearing.
Contrasts Between the Brunhes and Matuyama Sedimentary Records of Bottom Water Activity in the South Pacific

Variation of textural and compositional parameters in six dated “Eltanin” sediment cores reveals that the velocity of bottom waters in the South-Central and Southwest Pacific has fluctuated much less during the past 0.7 m.y. than in the preceeding 1.7 m.y., when the creation of up to three widespread hiatuses or the persistence of periods of substantially diminished sedimentation rates were the response to pulses of increased bottom current activity. Polynomial regression analysis between diverse constituents and skewness of the sediments shows that a skewness of −0.2 separates two depositional environments: those dominated by high bottom currents (skewness values more positive than −0.2) and those influenced mainly by pelagic settling (skewness values more negative than −0.2). Measurement of skewness in sediments appears to offer a promising means to finely delineate temporal changes in the bottom dynamic processes of the region.
Possible effects of organelle charge and density on cell metabolism.

A system of perception and transduction involving the gravity-induced asymmetric distribution of a plant growth hormone is studied. A theory is constructed which assumes that the perception of the gravitational stimulus involved a perturbation of the plant's bioelectric field and that the transduction of the stimulus involved voltage-gating of hormone movement from the plant's vascular tissue into the hormone responsive growing tissue. Particular attention is focused on the barriers to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport from the seed to the mesocotyl cortex, the protoinhibition of IAA movement from the endosperm to the shoot, the effects of the gravitational stimulus on the movement of IAA from the kernel to the shoot, electrochemical gating as a target for the gravity stimulus, and the gravity sensing mechanism.
Overview of telemedicine applications for otolaryngology.

Objective/Hypothesis: As we evolve into the managed care era, telemedicine technologies can help to provide efficiencies for the entire health care system. Our practice is centered around a residency training program in a federal facility. Our goal was to lay the groundwork for an entire service being on-line. Study Design: Prospective. Methods: The stepwise process is as follows: needs assessment to examine what part of the practice would lend itself to telemedicine deployment; usability studies to select the best equipment; study in-house to normalize the technology to the current standard of care comparing control subjects with experimental subjects; and deploying remote units to study remote referral. Results: Videootoscopy captures the image of an eardrum that can be sent from a remote site in a store-forward mode. After normalizing the standard of care, the potential for diagnosing and treating certain ear conditions such as hearing loss is readily apparent. An audiogram, pertinent laboratory data, and history and physical performed by the referring primary care provider would allow the patient to be seen and triaged virtually. Time savings for the patient and the otolaryngologist would be gained. Initial data indicate a greater than 90% correlation with handheld otoscopy and binocular microscopy. In speech sciences, a need existed to evaluate and treat patients from remote sites where speech therapists are unavailable. The use of live video teleconferencing to evaluate and treat patients in-house has preliminary results that show no difference in outcomes. Studying the proctoring of remote surgeons is also a need, as one of our military missions. Initial data show no difference in outcomes when residents are proctored by attending physicians from a physically separated control room in the hospital. We also participate with the Internet Tumor Board, which links four remote sites with our medical center. Different sites scroll through the slides that are listed on a Web site while linking each site with audio teleconferencing. We are initiating Internet Grand Rounds using the same technology. Conclusion : These efforts performed in a stepwise approach will lead to an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery service that is on-line for the next millennium, with telemedicine advances normalized to the standard of care.
Unexpected Posthysterectomy Bleeding: Is Surgical Intervention Warranted?

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the nonsurgical management to surgical intervention for intra-abdominal bleeding after hysterectomy. Methods: The study design was a retrosp...
Review of risk factors for the development of contralateral breast cancer

Abstract Background Women treated for breast cancer have an increased risk for developing metachronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Patient perception of this risk is often overestimated and has been found to contribute to the decision to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. An individual's risk is dependent on both patient and tumor characteristics. This review examines and summarizes the current literature on the factors that affect CBC risk. Data Sources English-language publications with the keyword “contralateral breast cancer” were identified through a MEDLINE literature search. Conclusions The global incidence of CBC is decreasing, a trend that is attributed to more effective adjuvant therapies. Patients with BRCA germ-line mutations demonstrate the highest risk for CBC. In the absence of known genetic mutations, patients with strong family histories who are diagnosed at young ages (
Higgs Bosons in Warped Space, from the Bulk to the Brane

In the context of warped extra dimensional models with all fields propagating in the bulk, we address the phenomenology of a bulk scalar Higgs boson, and calculate its production cross section at the LHC as well as its tree-level effects on mediating flavor changing neutral currents. We perform the calculations based on two different approaches. First, we compute our predictions analytically by considering all the degrees of freedom emerging from the dimensional reduction [the infinite tower of Kaluza Klein modes (KK)]. In the second approach, we perform our calculations numerically by considering only the effects caused by the first few KK modes, present in the 4-dimensional effective theory. In the case of a Higgs leaking far from the brane, both approaches give the same predictions as the effects of the heavier KK modes decouple. However, as the Higgs boson is pushed toward the TeV brane, the two approaches seem to be equivalent only when one includes heavier and heavier degrees of freedom (which do not seem to decouple). To reconcile these results it is necessary to introduce higher dimension operators which essentially encode the effects of integrating out the heavy KK modes and dress the brane Higgs so that it looks just like a bulk Higgs. However, in the brane Higgs limit, it is not possible to predict if there will be enhancement or suppression in the Higgs production rate since the corrections depend on the phases of higher dimension operators.
252 DECREASED NEONATAL RESPONSIVENESS TO CATECHOLAMINES: EFFECT ON GLUCOSE KINETICS

Epinephrine (Epi), a catecholamine with both α and β adrenergic effects, may produce hyperglycemia in adults by increasing glucose production and decreasing glucose clearance. To document the degree of sensitivity and characterize maturation of neonatal glucose control, glucose kinetics were measured in 14 term lambs [birth weight 4.5±0.3 kg (M±SEM) and age 4.1±0.4 days]. Following infusion of 0.9% NaCL at 0.06 ml·kg−1 min−1 plus 100 μCi/kg D[6−3 H] glucose by prime plus constant infusion, Ra (production) and glucose clearance were measured during infusion of variable doses of epinephrine (ng·kg−1 min−1). The newborns were compared to 6 adult sheep. All intra group basal kinetic data was comparable. Kinetic data is shown from the experimental period: Both newborns and adults had a rise in pl. glucose following the lower epinephrine dose but only the adults had a rise in Ra. The newborns required lOx the epinephrine dose as adults to significantly elevate Ra to the same degree (3x the respective basal Ra). Glucose clearance was not changed by epinephrine in either group. After evaluation of glucose kinetics, we conclude that there is decreased neonatal responsiveness to catecholamines.
G.O.9

There is no cure for dysferlinopathies, a group of related disorders caused by absent or mutant dysferlin (DYSF). Lack of dysferlin leads to progressive dystrophy with chronic muscle fiber loss, inflammation, fat replacement and fibrosis leading to deteriorating muscle weakness. Dysferlin has multiple functions including T-tubule formation and membrane repair. Pre-clinical studies show that only delivery of full-length DYSF corrects the histopathological defects in DYSF−/− mice. As DYSF is too large to be accommodated with canonical packaging, we developed a unique dual vector system using AAV to deliver and express DYSF in muscle. This two vector system (AAV.DYSF.DV) packaged in the rh.74 serotype is defined by a 1 kb region of homology between the two vectors. We compared the efficiency and safety of DYSF.DV delivery in dysferlin deficient mice and in non-human primates (NHPs) in preparation for clinical trials. Dysf−/− mice were treated by intramuscular injection, isolated limb perfusion, and systemic injection with AAV.DYSF.DV. IM injections were performed in the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle to assess expression and restoration of membrane repair capacity using ascending vector doses (6e9–6e10vg). The FDB was extracted after 10 wks and an ex vivo laser injury membrane repair assay was performed. DYSF.DV restored repair capacity in a dose-dependent manner comparable to WT findings. DYSF.DV was also efficacious when delivered through arterial circulation to hind limbs or systemically via the tail vein. A systemic dose of 6e12vg resulted in widespread gene expression exceeding 50% of muscle fibers; restoring functional deficits in the diaphragm. In NHPs, DYSF.DV delivery was analyzed for gene expression and toxicity using FLAG tag. There was no evidence of toxicity in DYSF-null mice or NHPs showing overexpression of dysferlin. Findings showed clear evidence that functional dysferlin was translated without toxicity laying the foundation for clinical trial.
Fructose content in popular beverages made with and without high-fructose corn syrup.

Abstract Objective Excess fructose consumption is hypothesized to be associated with risk for metabolic disease. Actual fructose consumption levels are difficult to estimate because of the unlabeled quantity of fructose in beverages. The aims of this study were threefold: 1) re-examine the fructose content in previously tested beverages using two additional assay methods capable of detecting other sugars, especially maltose, 2) compare data across all methods to determine the actual free fructose-to-glucose ratio in beverages made either with or without high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and 3) expand the analysis to determine fructose content in commonly consumed juice products. Methods Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fruit juice drinks that were either made with or without HFCS were analyzed in separate, independent laboratories via three different methods to determine sugar profiles. Results For SSBs, the three independent laboratory methods showed consistent and reproducible results. In SSBs made with HFCS, fructose constituted 60.6% ± 2.7% of sugar content. In juices sweetened with HFCS, fructose accounted for 52.1% ± 5.9% of sugar content, although in some juices made from 100% fruit, fructose concentration reached 65.35 g/L accounting for 67% of sugars. Conclusion Our results provide evidence of higher than expected amounts of free fructose in some beverages. Popular beverages made with HFCS have a fructose-to-glucose ratio of approximately 60:40, and thus contain 50% more fructose than glucose. Some pure fruit juices have twice as much fructose as glucose. These findings suggest that beverages made with HFCS and some juices have a sugar profile very different than sucrose, in which amounts of fructose and glucose are equivalent. Current dietary analyses may underestimate actual fructose consumption.
The multimedia multicasting problem

This paper explores the problems associated with the multicasting of continuous media to support multimedia group applications. The interaction between multicasting and the delivery of multiple time-correlated continuous-media streams with real-time delay requirements poses various new and interesting problems in research on communication protocols and architectures. We describe these problems, and identify where the opportunities are for effective solutions, all in the context of providing an overview of the current state of research in multimedia multicasting. The issues we discuss include quality of service, resource reservations, routing, error and traffic control, heterogeneity, and the use of hierarchical coding and open-loop control techniques.
Inter-unit comparisons are flawed.

Mortality from meningococcal septic shock may be falling; however, it is difficult to be sure. Inter-unit comparisons of the sort precipitated by these articles and correspondence are inevitably distorted by confounding factors. These factors are not entirely removed by the use of mortality prediction models. Historically, mortality data for meningococcal septicaemia from the UK Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre have always shown a lower mortality rate than that in many paediatric intensive care units. However, the comparison is regarded as inappropriate …
Microstrain in polycrystalline metals

Abstract A theory was developed for describing the dependence of microplastic strain on stress and grain size of polycrystalline metals. The microplastic strain is given by γ = CpD 3 (σ −σ 0 0 ) 2 Gσ 0 0 where C ≈ 1 2 . p is the density of sources, σ the applied stress, σ00 stress to move first dislocation, G shear modulus and D grain size. The theory was checked by measuring the stress-strain curve in the micro region using a capacitance type extensometer. The metal investigated was ingot iron with grain sizes from 44 to 140 μ. The agreement between the theoretical equation and the experimental data was excellent not only in the case of the iron but for data on copper and zinc from the investigation of others. The density of sources in ingot iron and copper was 2.5 and 6.9 × 106 sources/cm3, respectively. The range of the microstrain region has been calculated in terms of the amount of microstrain that occurs at the macroscopic yield point. As a useful sidelight it turns out that annealing ingot iron at 650°C after a microstrain completely removes the work hardening so that the specimen returns to its initial state. Consequently, the same specimen may be used repeatedly for tests in the microstrain region.
GHG Emissions and Monetary Analysis of Electric Power Sector of Pakistan: Alternative Scenarios and it's Implications

Abstract This paper is concerned with analyzing financial and environmental perspective of alternative scenarios for electric power sector of Pakistan. In this paper, LEAP model is used to perform extensive scenario analysis by examining overnight capital cost, fuel cost, operation & maintenance cost (O&M), and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from different source of power plants. However, the outcome of simulations show that New Coal scenario (NC) is more attractive economically requiring less running and capital cost than Business as usual scenario (BAU) and Green future scenario (GF). Meanwhile in GHG emissions analysis, GF scenario is more viable in environmental aspect with BAU and NC scenarios having comparatively higher emissions. These scenario simulations provide recommendations in economic and environmental aspect for Pakistan's future electric power sector infrastructure.
Effects of storage conditions on colour change of selected perishables

Abstract The effects of refrigerated storage temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the colour change of mature green tomato (Dombito), mushroom (Sylvan hybrid white) and apple (Red Delicious) were investigated at three temperatures (5, 10 and 15°C) and four different relative humidity levels (91, 94, 97 and 100%). Colour change rates of the tomatoes ( a value) showed an apparent zero-order reaction with an activation energy ( E a ) of 45.15 kcal mol −1 . The rates of loss whiteness of mushrooms was not significantly affected ( p >0.01) by RH ranges at the same temperature. The loss of whiteness of mushrooms showed an apparent first-order reaction, with an activation energy of 20.48 kcal mol −1 . The colour change rates of apples showed decreasing slopes, but the results were generally not clear, due to the relatively short duration of storage.
Heat Flux Dependence of Ambipolar Potential and Plasma Profile in a Long Mean‐Free‐Path Plasma Along Non‐Uniform Open Magnetic Field Lines

Parallel transport along an open magnetic field line produces and sustains temperature anisotropy for a long mean-free-path plasma. The parallel variation of ambipolar potential (Φ) and plasma profiles such as density (n), parallel and perpendicular temperature (T‖ and T⊥), and parallel flow (u), is found to be critically dependent on the two distinct components of the parallel heat flux, qn and qs. Both their profile (qn/B and qs/B2) and the upstream values of the ratio of the conductive and convective thermal flux (qn/nuT‖ and qs/nuT⊥) provide the controlling physics, in addition to B modulation (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interpersonal Communication in the Consumer Socialization Process: Scale Development and Validation

In this study, the development and validation of a scale to measure socialization agent (family and peer) interpersonal communication regarding particular shopping channels (mall and Internet) is described. A brief overview of consumer socialization (Moschis and Churchill 1978) is given, including the role of interpersonal communication in this process. Next, a scale is developed and tested on a sample of 1,258 high school students. Evidence of reliability and convergent and discriminant validity is provided. In addition, validity is established relative to time spent shopping and future intentions to shop a particular channel. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Therapy Insight: management of cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer and cardiac complications of cancer therapy

Cardiac disease in patients with cancer or caused by cancer therapy is a clinical problem of emerging importance. Optimum management of cardiovascular disease can mean that patients with cancer can successfully receive therapies to treat their malignancy and can reduce morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. The presence of cancer and cancer-related morbidities substantially complicates the management of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss management strategies for cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer, focusing on the prevention and treatment of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction.
Amorphous metals for hard-tissue prosthesis

Owing to a unique atomic structure lacking microstructural defects, glassy metals demonstrate certain universal properties that are attractive for load-bearing biomedical-implant applications. These include a superb strength, which gives rise to very high hardness and a potential for minimizing wear and associated adverse biological reactions, and a relatively low modulus, which enables high elasticity and holds a promise for mitigating stress shielding. There are, however, other non-universal properties specific to particular amorphous metal alloys that are inferior to presently used biometals and may be below acceptable limits for hard-tissue prosthesis. In this article, features of the performance of amorphous metals relevant to hard-tissue prosthesis are surveyed and contrasted to those of the current state of the art, and guidelines for development of new biocompatible amorphous metal alloys suitable for hard-tissue prosthesis are proposed.
The Dimensions of Cable Television Network Personality: Implications for Media Brand Management

Given the current competitive cable network environment, the task of brand management at a symbolic level as a tool for network differentiation has become critical. This study develops a theoretical framework for cable network personality dimensions and a reliable and valid scale that measures these dimensions. When 36 popular cable network brands were rated on a set of personality traits, 5 dimensions of network brand personality were observed: Excitement, Warmness, Intelligence, Controversy, and Ruggedness. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Anhydrides of real and hypothetical [hydroxy(R-O)iodo]benzenes.

The anhydrides of [hydroxy(methanesulfonato−O)]iodobenzene (HMIB) and [hydroxy(toluenesulfonato−O)]iodobenzene (HTIB) were prepared by drying acetonitrile solutions of the compounds. The anhydrides...
Excluding Mothers-in-Law A Research Note on the Preference for Matrilineal Advice

With whom do parents discuss medical and behavioral child-rearing questions? In a telephone survey of 167 parents (49 fathers and 118 mothers) in the southern United States, the authors found that mothers express a clear preference for their own mother’s advice as opposed to that of their mother-in-law. Fathers are less likely to consult any relative and show little preference for their own mothers in seeking parenting advice. Directions for further research are discussed.
Template-assisted nano-patterning of solid surfaces

Protein layers are deposited on the surface of implanted biomaterials. Better understanding of the interaction between the surface protein layers and the biological system would lead to the development of future biomaterials with superior biocompatibilities. Well-organized biorecognizable surfaces can be formed with various template molecules that provide an appropriate spacing for the attachment of recognition groups to the modified surface. Silane coupling reagents, porphyrin thiols, and cyclic peptides are being used as templates to introduce nano-scale patterns on solid surfaces. Synthesis of these templates and characterization of the modified surface are described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 47: 185–193, 1998
Distance Regulation in Personal Relationships: The Development of a Conceptual Model and a Test of Representational Validity

Distance is a basic quality of all personal relationships, but little attempt has been made to develop a classification scheme for means of distance regulation that is parsimonious, conceptually structured, and representationally valid. This study reports the development of a model designed to meet those criteria. A classification scheme for distancing tactics was created by coding the narrative accounts of 185 respondents and comparing that scheme with 114 respondents' perceived structure of the tactics. These two data sets showed considerable similarity, and, as a result, a classification scheme was derived with three basic distancing strategies: avoidance, disengagement, and cognitive dissociation.
Magnetic and Magnetoresistance Behaviors of Solvent Extracted Particulate Iron/ Polyacrylonitrile Nanocomposites

Iron nanoparticle reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposites are fabricated by a facile and environmentally benign solvent extraction method. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate a strong interaction between the iron nanoparticles and the polymer matrix for the as-prepared polymer nanocomposites. The heat treatment induces the carbonization of the polymer matrix. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show a protecting carbon shell surrounding the iron nanoparticles within the carbon matrix against the particle oxidation. The magnetic properties, electrical conductivity, and magnetic field dependent resistivity of heat-treated nanocomposites with different particle loadings are carried out in a physical properties measurement system by Quantum Design and by a standard four probe method. The saturation magnetization increases and the coercivity decrea...
Transduction of rat pancreatic islets with pseudotyped adeno-associated virus vectors

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type I diabetes mellitus, but current immunosuppressive strategies do not consistently provide long-term survival of transplanted islets. We are therefore investigating the use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as gene therapy vectors to transduce rat islets with immunosuppressive genes prior to transplantation into diabetic mice. We compared the transduction efficiency of AAV2 vectors with an AAV2 capsid (AAV2/2) to AAV2 vectors pseudotyped with AAV5 (AAV2/5), AAV8 (AAV2/8) or bovine adeno-associated virus (BAAV) capsids, or an AAV2 capsid with an insertion of the low density lipoprotein receptor ligand from apolipoprotein E (AAV2apoE), on cultured islets, in the presence of helper adenovirus infection to speed expression of a GFP transgene. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used. The AAV2/5 vector was superior to AAV2/2 and AAV2/8 in rat islets. Flow cytometry indicated AAV2/5-mediated gene expression in approximately 9% of rat islet cells and almost 12% of insulin-positive cells. The AAV2/8 vector had a higher dependence on the helper virus multiplicity of infection than the AAV 2/5 vector. In addition, the BAAV and AAV2apoE vectors were superior to AAV2/2 for transducing rat islets. Rat islets (300 per mouse) transduced with an AAV2/5 vector harboring the immunosuppressive transgene, tgfβ1, retain the ability to correct hyperglycemia when transplanted into immune-deficient diabetic mice. AAV2/5 vectors may therefore be useful for pre-treating donor islets prior to transplantation.
Distribution of glucagonlike peptide I (GLP‐I), glucagon, and glicentin in the rat brain: An immunocytochemical study

Although glucagonlike immunoreactants (GLIs) are present in the central nervous system of several mammalian species, their structural relationship with pancreatic proglucagon is not defined, and their precise anatomical distribution has not been studied extensively. To obtain further information about the structure and biological significance of brain GLIs, the anatomical distribution of three different antigenic determinants of pancreatic proglucagon--glucagonlike peptide I (GLP-I), glucagon, and glicentin--was mapped in the brain of colchicine-treated rats by immunocytochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Neuronal cell bodies immunoreactive with antisera specific for GLP-I, glucagon, and glicentin were found only in the caudal medulla oblongata. Within the caudal medulla immunostained cell bodies were found at levels from approximately 0.55 mm rostral to the obex to 0.45 mm caudal to the obex, and were located within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal (MdD) and ventral (MdV) parts of the medullary reticular nucleus. The NTS contained three times more immunoreactive cell bodies than the MdD and MdV, and these cell bodies were located in the midline, medial, and lateral subnuclei of the caudal third of the NTS. Immunostaining of the same cell bodies in paired adjacent sections incubated with GLP-I and glucagon antisera or glucagon and glicentin antisera provided evidence for coexistence of the three antigens within the same neurons of the NTS. Nerve fibers and terminals immunoreactive with GLP-I, glucagon, and glicentin antisera were widely distributed throughout the rat brain and there was no discernible difference in the distribution of fibers and terminals immunoreactive with each of the three antisera. The highest densities of immunostained fibers and terminals were observed in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and septal regions, and the lowest in the cortex and hindbrain. The localization of neuronal cell bodies containing GLP-I, glucagon, and glicentin within the NTS and the MdD and MdV, and the extensive distribution of immunoreactive fibers and terminals throughout the rat brain suggest a role for these peptides in the integration of autonomic as well as central nervous system functions.
Is ChinaAS FDI Coming at the Expense of Other Countries

We analyze how China's emergence as a destination for foreign direct investment is affecting the ability of other countries to attract FDI. We do so using an approach that accounts for the endogeneity of China's FDI. The impact turns out to vary by region. China's rapid growth and attractions as a destination for FDI also encourages FDI flows to other Asian countries, as if producers in these economies belong to a common supply chain. There is also evidence of FDI diversion from OECD recipients. We interpret this in terms of FDI motivated by the desire to produce close to the market where the final sale takes place. For whatever reason -- limits on their ability to raise finance for investment in multiple markets or limits on their ability to control operations in diverse locations -- firms more inclined to invest in China for this reason are corresponding less inclined to invest in the OECD. A detailed analysis of Japanese foreign direct investment outflows disaggregated by sector further supports these conclusions.
Modeling of banded structure in friction stir weld in strain rate–hardening materials of Zener–Hollomon type

This article presents a shear localization model for simulating the shear band formation process uniquely associated with friction stir welding. By introducing a thermal and plastic deformation bou...
Asthma: definitions and pathophysiology.

Background Asthma is a common condition due to chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Chronic lower airway inflammation is known to be more common in individuals that also have inflammatory disorders of the upper airway. The scientific understanding of asthma continues to improve and it is important for providers who treat upper or lower airway inflammation to be familiar with asthma's definition and pathophysiology. Methods Articles were selected based on literature reviews through PubMed and personal knowledge of the author. The search selection was not standardized. Results Asthma is a heterogenic condition that is underdiagnosed and undertreated despite that the skills needed to diagnose it are readily attainable and effective treatments are available. Providers need a working understanding of asthma in order to be proficient at managing their patients with chronic nasal or sinus inflammation. This article provides a primer focusing on the current conception asthma in terms of definition, possible etiologies, inflammatory profile, pathophysiology, subtypes, and overlapping conditions. Conclusion Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder arising from not fully understood heterogenic gene-environment interactions. It features variable airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Clinically, asthmatics exhibit recurrent episodes of wheeze, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
The case for motivated reasoning.

It is proposed that motivation may affect reasoning through reliance on a biased set of cognitive processes—that is, strategies for accessing, constructing, and evaluating beliefs. The motivation to be accurate enhances use of those beliefs and strategies that are considered most appropriate, whereas the motivation to arrive at particular conclusions enhances use of those that are considered most likely to yield the desired conclusion. There is considerable evidence that people are more likely to arrive at conclusions that they want to arrive at, but their ability to do so is constrained by their ability to construct seemingly reasonable justifications for these conclusions. These ideas can account for a wide variety of research concerned with motivated reasoning. The notion that goals or motives affect reasoning has a long and controversial history in social psychology. The propositions that motives may affect perceptions (Erdelyi, 1974), attitudes (Festinger, 1957), and attributions (Heider, 1958) have been put forth by some psychologists and challenged by others. Although early researchers and theorists took it for granted that motivation may cause people to make self-serving attributions and permit them to believe what they want to believe because they want to believe it, this view, and the research used to uphold it, came under concentrated criticism in the 1970s. The major and most damaging criticism of the motivational view was that all research purported to demonstrate motivated reasoning could be reinterpreted in entirely cognitive, nonmotivational terms (Miller & Ross, 1975; Nisbett & Ross, 1980). Thus people could draw self-serving conclusions not because they wanted to but because these conclusions seemed more plausible, given their prior beliefs and expectancies. Because both cognitive and motivational accounts could be generated for any empirical study, some theorists argued that the hot versus cold cognition controversy could not be solved, at least in the attribution paradigm (Ross & Fletcher, 1985; Tetlock & Levi, 1982). One reason for the persistence of this controversy lies in the failure of researchers to explore the mechanisms underlying motivated reasoning. Recently, several authors have attempted to rectify this neglect (Kruglanski & Freund, 1983; Kunda, 1987; Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1987; Sorrentino & Higgins, 1986). All these authors share a view of motivation as having its effects through cognitive processes: People rely on cognitive processes and representations to arrive at their desired conclusions, but motivation plays a role in determining which of these will be used on a given occasion.
Ethics content in strategic management textbooks : A longitudinal examination.

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of ethics content in strategic management textbooks. The importance of ethical behavior within organizations has been highlighted in the past by organizations, such as Enron and WorldCom, and more recently by British Petroleum and Toyota. The data collected from two different editions of five strategic management texts suggest that ethical content coverage has improved greatly over the past eight years. Implications for both authors and instructors are discussed.
Diagnostic protein discovery using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for proteolytic peptide targeting

A peptide targeting method has been developed for diagnostic protein discovery, which combines proteolytic digestion of fractionated plasma proteins and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOFMS) profiling. Proteolysis prior to profiling overcomes molecular weight limitations and compensates for the poor sensitivity of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) protein profiling. LC/MS increases the peak capacity compared to crude fractionation techniques or single sample MALDI analysis. Differentially expressed peptides are targeted in the mass chromatograms using bioinformatic techniques and subsequently sequenced with MALDI tandem MS. In a model study comparing pancreatic cancer patients to controls, 74% of the peptide targets were successfully sequenced. This profiling method was superior to previous experiments using single sample MALDI analysis for protein profiling or proteolytic peptide profiling, because more potential protein markers were identified.
Novel EFM-KNN classifier and a new color descriptor for image classification

We propose a new CGSF+PHOG descriptor and perform image classification using a novel EFM-KNN classifier, which combines the Enhanced Fisher Model (EFM) and the K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) decision rule. We integrate the oRGB-SIFT descriptor with other color SIFT features to produce the Color SIFT Fusion (CSF) and the Color Grayscale SIFT Fusion (CGSF) descriptors. The CGSF is integrated to the PHOG to obtain the novel CGSF+PHOG descriptor. The effectiveness of the proposed new descriptor and the classification method is evaluated using two grand challenge datasets: the Oxford flower database and the MIT scene database. The classification results using the EFM-KNN classifier show that (i) the CGSF+PHOG descriptor improves recognition performance upon other descriptors; and (ii) the oRGB-SIFT, the CSF, and the CGSF perform better than the other color SIFT descriptors.
Stripline-Fed Archimedean Spiral Antenna

An inward-fed two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna is proposed, which integrates a stripline feed network into one of the spiral arms. A broadband stripline tapered impedance transformer conformal to the spiral's winding provides a novel matching network between the input impedance of the spiral and the characteristic impedance of the stripline. The Dyson-style balun at the spiral's center converts the guided stripline mode to the radiating spiral mode. The transformation from a gap-fed design to a stripline-fed design is provided to illustrate the design process. Measured and simulated results for a probe-fed design operating from 2 to over 20 GHz are provided to illustrate the synthesis and performance of a demonstration antenna.