cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE VENOM APPARATUS OF FEMALE BRACONIDS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

The venom apparatus was examined in 160 species of female Braconidae. The venom apparatus is illustrated for females of 26 representative genera and those of the remaining females are described.Our findings indicate that there are two types of venom apparatus present in Braconidae. Type 1 is found in females of subfamilies having more ancestral character states: Doryctinae, Spathiinae, Braconinae, Opiinae, Rogadinae, Alysiinae, and Ichneutinae. Typically, type 1 venom apparatus consists of a cone-shaped reservoir which is surrounded by many longitudinal and circular muscles and lined with a relatively thick cuticular intima, gland filaments, and a venom duct. Type 2 is found in females of subfamilies having more derived character states: Cheloninae, Microgasterinae, Agathidinae, Macrocentrinae, Helconinae, Neoneurinae, Centistinae, Paxylommatinae, and Euphorinae. Typically, type 2 consists of a thin-walled reservoir surrounded by relatively few muscles, two gland filaments, and a venom duct.The Aphidiinae is the only subfamily in which the females examined have both types of venom apparatus represented. Of those genera examined, only females of Praon have type 2, while females of the remaining genera have type 1 venom apparatus.Braconid females with type 1 venom apparatus are either ectoparasitoids or endoparasitoids which pupate within the host remains, while those females with type 2 are endoparasitoids which pupate outside the host remains.
Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture of Hard Spheres

An equation of state is proposed for the mixture of hard spheres based on an averaging process over the two results of the solution of the Percus–Yevick integral equation for the mixture of hard spheres. Compressibility and other equilibrium properties of the binary mixtures of hard spheres are calculated and they are compared with the related machine‐calculated (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics) data. The comparison shows excellent agreement between the proposed equation of state and the machine‐calculated data.
Effects of strain and damage on strain-sensing ability of carbon fiber cement

The strain-sensing ability of carbon fiber cement, as based on piezoresistivity, remains in the presence of damage, although the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) is affected by strain and damage. The longitudinal gauge factor is diminished by compressive strain by up to 70% and by damage by up to 25%. The magnitude of the transverse gauge factor is diminished by strain by up to 60% and by up to 25% by minor damage not accompanied by irreversible strain, but it is increased by up to 120% by major damage accompanied by irreversible strain. The gauge factor, whether longitudinal or transverse, is reduced in magnitude as the specimen size increases (by 13 to 51 mm).
A multinuclear NMR spectroscopic study of some Mo(CO)4[(R2″PO)2Si(R)R′] complexes [R2″=Ph2, OCH2CMe2CH2O; R, R′ = alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl]

It is possible to use multinuclear NMR spectroscopy to measure both the steric and electron donor/acceptor properties of the P-donor ligands in Mo(CO)4[(R2″PO)2YRR′] complexes [R2″=Ph2, OCH2CMe2CH2O; YR = P(O), Si(Me); R′ = alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl]. The 13C, 29Si, 31P and 95Mo NMR data for some Mo(CO)4[(R2″PO)2YRR′] complexes [R2″ = Ph2, OCH2CMe2CH2O; YR = P(O), Si(Me); R′ = alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl] are presented and the factors affecting both the chemical shifts and coupling constants are discussed. The linear correlations between the chemical shifts of the cis and trans CO 13C, the 29Si, the 31P and the 95Mo resonances of the R2″ = Ph2 complexes and those of the similar resonances of the R2″ = OCH2CMe2CH2O complexes are also discussed. Good linear correlations have previously been found between the differences in the 13C chemical shifts of the non-equivalent cis CO, phenyl C-1 and phenyl C-2,6 resonances of a series of Mo(CO)4[(Ph2PO)2Si(Me)R′] complexes [R′ = Me, Et, n-Pr, c-Hex, t-Bu and CH2Cl] and the Ea parameters of the R groups. It is now reported that the chemical shift differences of similar complexes with long-chain alkyl and chloroalkyl R′ groups do not give good correlations with the Ea parameters. In addition, similar correlations are not observed when the Ph groups are replaced with an OCH2CMe2CH2O group. The factors which affect the poor correlations are discussed.
Pharmacodynamics of Fluoroquinolones in Experimental Models of Endocarditis

We calculated the magnitude of various serum pharmacodynamic parameters for fluoroquinolones in models of experimental endocarditis (EE) described in the literature. Nineteen publications contained data that allowed calculation of these parameters. Data were available for eight fluoroquinolones against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, viridans streptococci, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbit or rat models. Enterococci were excluded because of poor bactericidal activity. A 24-hour area under the concentration curve (AUC)/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio > or = 100, a peak level/MIC ratio > 8, and continuous levels above the time were associated with a significantly lower number of cfu per vegetation after 3-6 days of therapy. The 24-hour AUC/MIC exhibited the best linear correlation with cfu per vegetation after 3-6 days of therapy (r2 = 45%). The pharmacodynamic parameters predictive of efficacy for fluoroquinolones in the treatment of experimental endocarditis are similar to those for other infectious models.
Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Slo2.2 Na + -activated K + channel

Na(+)-activated K(+) channels are members of the Slo family of large conductance K(+) channels that are widely expressed in the brain, where their opening regulates neuronal excitability. These channels fulfil a number of biological roles and have intriguing biophysical properties, including conductance levels that are ten times those of most other K(+) channels and gating sensitivity to intracellular Na(+). Here we present the structure of a complete Na(+)-activated K(+) channel, chicken Slo2.2, in the Na(+)-free state, determined by cryo-electron microscopy at a nominal resolution of 4.5 angstroms. The channel is composed of a large cytoplasmic gating ring, in which resides the Na(+)-binding site and a transmembrane domain that closely resembles voltage-gated K(+) channels. In the structure, the cytoplasmic domain adopts a closed conformation and the ion conduction pore is also closed. The structure reveals features that can explain the unusually high conductance of Slo channels and how contraction of the cytoplasmic gating ring closes the pore.
Global self‐esteem as contingent on body satisfaction among patients with bulimia nervosa: Lack of diagnostic specificity?

Objective To examine whether the self-esteem of patients with bulimia nervosa was more contingent on body satisfaction than that of nonpsychiatric control and of depressed participants. Method: Patients with bulimia nervosa (selected according to DSM-III-based structured clinical interviews), those with depression (selected based on chart diagnoses), and nonpsychiatric control samples completed measures of body dissatisfaction and of global self-esteem. Results: Consistent with past work, we found that body dissatisfaction accounted for a greater amount of global self-esteem among bulimia nervosa patients, as compared to nonpsychiatric control subjects. However, the relation between global self-esteem and body dissatisfaction was similar in patients with bulimia nervosa as in those with depression. Although our depressed group possessed bulimic characteristics, this did not appear to account for our findings, in that the correlation between body dissatisfaction and self-steem was highest among the nonbulimic depressed participants. Discussion: Our results raise questions about the specific pathognomonic quality of body satisfaction-dependent self-esteem in bulimia nervosa. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dark photons from the center of the Earth: Smoking-gun signals of dark matter

Dark matter may be charged under dark electromagnetism with a dark photon that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model photon. In this framework, dark matter will collect at the center of the Earth and annihilate into dark photons, which may reach the surface of the Earth and decay into observable particles. We determine the resulting signal rates, including Sommerfeld enhancements, which play an important role in bringing the Earth's dark matter population to their maximal, equilibrium value. For dark matter masses ${m}_{X}\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}--10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, dark photon masses ${m}_{{A}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{MeV}--\mathrm{GeV}$, and kinetic mixing parameters $ϵ\ensuremath{\sim}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}9}--1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, the resulting electrons, muons, photons, and hadrons that point back to the center of the Earth are a smoking-gun signal of dark matter that may be detected by a variety of experiments, including neutrino telescopes, such as IceCube, and space-based cosmic ray detectors, such as Fermi-LAT and AMS. We determine the signal rates and characteristics and show that large and striking signals---such as parallel muon tracks---are possible in regions of the $({m}_{{A}^{\ensuremath{'}}},ϵ)$ plane that are not probed by direct detection, accelerator experiments, or astrophysical observations.
Can Technology Change Too Fast

Three incidents brought the topic of this paper to my attention. The first is the hundredth anniversary of my (deceased) father’s birth in August 1883. In the 1920s, my father founded a very successful enterprise that manufactured windshield wipers and other automobile supplies. In the early 1930s, General Motors began to market its cars fully equipped. As a result, our family sustained major economic and social losses. We were only partly salvaged by the Second World War.
Parotitis and Sialendoscopy of the Parotid Gland

Nonneoplastic disorders of the salivary glands involve inflammatory processes. These disorders have been managed conservatively with antibiotics, warm compresses, massage, sialogogues, and adequate hydration. Up to 40% of patients may have an inadequate response or persistent symptoms. When conservative techniques fail, the next step is operative intervention. Sialendoscopy offers a minimally invasive option for the diagnosis and management of chronic inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands and offers the option of gland and function preservation. In this article, we review some of the more common nonneoplastic disorders of the parotid gland, indications for diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy, and operative techniques.
Emphysematous cystitis: a review of the spectrum of disease.

AbstractEmphysematous cystitis is an uncommon condition in which pockets of gas are formed in and around the bladder wall by gas-forming organisms. Persons with diabetes, neurogenic bladder and chronic urinary infection are predisposed to the disease. Severity of illness ranges from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening cystitis. We present 2 cases of emphysematous cystitis. One case was an incidental finding on evaluation of abdominal discomfort with resolution upon removal of predisposing factors. The other patient presented with an acute abdomen that progressed to severe necrotizing cystitis ultimately requiring cystectomy. The initial involvement of the urologist as a consultant is emphasized.A complete review of the literature describes the incidence, various presentations, associated diseases and organisms, pathogenesis, and available methods for diagnosis and treatment reported for this disease. Successful management depends on early diagnosis with correction of underlying causes, administr...
Constructing the Enemy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Flaws of the “Islamic Conspiracy” Theory

Mainstream Western scholars argue that for the foreseeable fu ture, the post-Cold War era will be associated with the frailty of new democracies, nationalistic and ethnic turmoil, and religious radicalism, especially Islamic extremism (often wrongly termed "fundamental ism"). Some have even singled out Islamic radicalism as a special case of political instability in the post-Cold War world. Others, in a hostile context, have talked, however imprecisely, about the "Islamic bomb," evoking fearsome images such as nuclear bombs in the hands of dicta tors, holy war crusaders, and terrorists. Thus, the post-Soviet era has become, according to Pervez Hoodbhoy, tantamount to building myths regarding the Islamic threat: ". . . the Islamic bomb is a meaningless notion. Individual Muslim countries may desire nuclear weapons, and some have engaged in that enterprise for many years, but the motiva tions are essentially secular and nationalistic although cloaked in Is lamic garb."1
Structural causes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children: moyamoya and arteriovenous malformations

Purpose of reviewMoyamoya and arteriovenous malformations represent, respectively, significant sources of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children after the first year of life. Although rarely encountered in routine pediatric practice, the potential severe morbidity of these entities, coupled wit
Study on the chemical composition and characteristics of water retentive agents

The composition and characteristics of water retentive agents (super water absorbent resins) were studied. The results showed that the starch graft polyacrylic acid absorbed water fast, the water retentive capacity of polyacrylic acid (salt) was the best and the absorption amount of polyacrylic-acrylamide was higher than those in case of ionogen water.
Tumor heterogeneity and implications for clinical practice.

The issue of tumor heterogeneity is real, and it is present on several different levels. Without question, the presence of tumor heterogeneity has important clinical implications, and at this time, it represents a significant challenge to the success of cancer therapy.
RACER (ring accelerated reactor)

A fusion reactor concept is described in which a low-beta main plasma is supplied with D-T fuel, heating, and inductive energy by means of high-speed plasma rings injected from both ends. The very high plasma current is slowly built up over time using modest injection hardware.
The Buckley Dyadic Square Function

We explore the relationships and differences between the “standard” dyadic square function S(f) and a pointwise smaller square function S b (f) due to Stephen Buckley. In dimension one, S(f)=S b (f), but in higher dimensions, S b (f) can vanish on a cube in which S(f) is everywhere positive, and uniform boundedness of S b (f) does not imply the same of S(f). However, uniform boundedness of S b (f) implies local exponential-square integrability of both S(f) and f. The second implication is surprising because the result of [2] requires S(f)∈L ∞ to infer that f is in the local exponential L 2 class.
Applications of Femtosecond Laser Comb to Nonlinear Molecular Spectroscopy

Recent progress in precision control of pulse repetition rate and carrier- envelope phase of ultrafast lasers has established a strong connection between optical frequency metrology and ultrafast science. A wide range of applications has ensued, including measurement of absolute optical frequencies, precision laser spectroscopy, optical atomic clocks, and optical frequency synthesis in the frequency-domain, along with pulse timing stabilization, coherent synthesis of optical pulses, and phase-sensitive extreme nonlinear optics in the time-domain. In this contribution we discuss the impact of the femtosecond optical frequency comb to molecular spectroscopy. Measurements performed in the frequency-domain provide a global picture of molecular structure at high precision while providing radio frequency clock signals derived from molecular optical standards. Time-domain analysis and experiments give us new possibilities for nonlinear optical spectroscopy and sensitive detections with real-time information.
TCT-594 Initial Report Of The ASCENT Registry: Observational Experience With The New Alpha Coronary Stent

The ALPHA coronary stent delivery system includes a cobalt-chromium, flexible, thin-strut platform, a bio-stable and biocompatible fluoro-polymer based drug carrier, sirolimus and a hydrophilic, rapid-exchange delivery catheter. It is designed to create a competitive alternative to other drug-
Disaggregated memory architectures for blade servers

Current trends in memory capacity and power of servers indicate the need for memory system redesign. Memory capacity is projected to grow at a smaller rate relative to the growth in compute capacity, leading to a potential memory capacity wall in future systems. Furthermore, per-server memory demands are increasing due to large-memory applications, virtual machine consolidation, and bigger operating system footprints. The large amount of memory required is leading to memory power being a substantial and growing portion of server power budgets. As these capacity and power trends continue, a new memory architecture is needed that provides increased capacity and maximizes resource efficiency. This thesis presents the design of a disaggregated memory architecture for blade servers that provides expanded memory capacity and dynamic capacity sharing across multiple servers. Unlike traditional architectures that co-locate compute and memory resources, the proposed design disaggregates a portion of the servers' memory, which is then assembled in separate memory blades optimized for both capacity and power usage. The servers access memory blades through a redesigned memory hierarchy that is extended to include a remote level that augments local memory. Through the shared interconnect of blade enclosures, multiple compute blades can connect to a single memory blade and dynamically share its capacity. This sharing increases resource efficiency by taking advantage of the differing memory utilization patterns of the compute blades. This thesis evaluates two system architectures that provide operating system-transparent access to the memory blade; one uses virtualization and a commodity-based interconnect, and the other uses minor hardware additions and a high-speed interconnect. The ability to extend and share memory can achieve orders of magnitude performance improvements in cases where applications run out of memory capacity, and similar improvements in performance-per-dollar in cases where systems are overprovisioned for peak memory usage. To complement the evaluation, a hypervisor-based prototype of one system architecture is developed. Finally, by extending the principles of disaggregation to both compute and memory resources, new server architectures are proposed for large-scale data centers that can double performance-per-dollar when considering total cost of ownership compared to traditional servers.
Science treads the boards

Ham and eggs belong together, no question; and so, with equal assurance, do yin and yang or law and order. But when it comes to pairing science with art, things have become more tricky since Leonardo da Vinci embodied both. Few of us nowadays can achieve this, and it has become harder to emulate Leonardo. Nevertheless, we try, because there is fascination and value in exploring the messages that science and art can exchange with each other. That was one reason I attended a conference called "Theatres of Science: Crossovers and Confluences", which was held in September at the University of Glamorgan in the UK. A total of 70 delegates attended from the UK and beyond.
Assessment of a Novel Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum's Effect on Competency Measures in Family Medicine Graduate Medical Education.

Objectives Point-of-care ultrasound has been shown to decrease the use of expensive diagnostic studies and improve quality outcome measures. Currently, there is a large desire for training in family medicine residencies, but very few programs have established curricula. We sought to develop a family medicine residency curriculum and evaluate it with tools we developed. We wanted our curriculum to be easy to adopt by other residency programs, even if they did not have many well-trained ultrasound faculty. Methods We developed a curriculum in the form of a 4-week rotation in a family medicine residency program. It consisted of self-study videos, hands-on training, and image review. We followed residents in postgraduate years 1 to 3 over a 12-month period. We developed tools, including a knowledge exam, to test image interpretation and clinical decision making, an observed structured clinical exam to assess scanning skills, and a survey to assess perceptions of point-of-care ultrasound in family medicine. The assessments were administered before and after each resident's rotation. Results Seventeen residents completed the rotation. The average knowledge test score improved significantly, from 62 to 84%. The average observed structured clinical exam scores also improved significantly, from 41 to 85%. The average perception survey scores improved slightly from 4.4 to 4.6. Conclusions We developed a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for family medicine residency programs that improves measures of resident attitude, skills, and knowledge. This curriculum can be adopted by residency programs with few faculty members who are experienced in ultrasound.
Immunoneurology: A Serum Protein Afferent Limb to the CNS

The burgeoning field of neuroimmunology currently emphasizes a brain-immune link represented by hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines (1) and other substances of the CNS which are shared in common with the immune system and can act either directly or indirectly on components of the immune system or their target tissues. This concept essentially depicts the CNS as having an efferent outflow of active principles to a variety of peripheral structures. Another concept of potential importance in the maintenance of a homeostatic brain-immune interaction is that of immunoneurology, whereby principles derived from peripheral sources feed back onto the CNS. In this sense, immune cells, their products and other related substances can be transported from their source via the blood stream to the CNS wherein they may access the internal milieu and can, therefore, be considered afferent to the CNS. This review describes studies on transport of immunogammaglobulins (IgG) and albumins into the CNS of rat, rabbit and guinea pig using several techniques: immunocytochemistry (ICC), colchicine administration, active immunization, induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), radioisotope labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rocket Immunoelectrophoresis and an in situ vascular brain perfusion method. Results from these studies reveal that serum albumin and globulin can enter the brain via several routes including that of active neuronal uptake by nerve endings, and subsequent transport to their cell bodies of origin via retrograde transport. These compounds may also enter the brain at circumventricular regions wherein functional leaks occur. Finally, there appears to be a saturable transport mechanism for IgG that is used to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gain direct entry into the CNS.
New graded prognostic index for breast cancer patients (pts) with brain metastases (BCBM).

637 Background: Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA) is frequently used for prognosis for BCBM. We evaluated DS-GPA plus other potential prognostic factors for overall survival ...
Outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma presenting with N3 nodal disease

The present study evaluated clinical outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma presenting with N3 nodal disease. A retrospective analysis of N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was performed. Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze patient demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment variables. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test. Univariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models was used to define factors associated with overall survival. Patient and tumor characteristics associated with treatment assignments were analyzed by univariate multinomial logistic regression. We identified 36 patients with radiographically-defined N3 disease. For the entire cohort, median follow-up was 23.6 (range 2.8–135.0) months, and overall survival was 60% at 2 years and 30% at 5 years. Overall survival was similar between patients receiving primary surgery, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.10). Primary, regional, and distant control at 5 years was 71%, 66%, and 53%, respectively. There was a trend towards improved regional control with primary surgery (p = 0.07). Planned neck dissection following primary chemoradiotherapy did not improve regional control (p = 0.55). Patients with p16-positive tumors exhibited improved overall (p = 0.05) and metastatic recurrence-free survival (p < 0.05). There were no factors predictive of treatment assignment nor factors associated with overall survival, local and regional control, or distant metastases free-survival on univariate analysis. Patients with N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma exhibit 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 30% regardless of treatment modality. Planned neck dissection does not improve regional control in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy. p16-positive patients represent a favorable cohort. Distant failure comprises the major failure pattern and should be the focus of future studies in improving the outcome of this patient cohort.
Narcissism and prosocial behavior

There is a large literature on narcissism and antisocial behaviors such as aggression, but this chapter examines the smaller emerging literature on narcissism and prosocial behavior, or actions intended to benefit others. We find that narcissistic people self-report more prosocial behavior but are actually less prosocial on more objective measures (peer report, behavioral). In terms of types and motivations for helping, narcissistic people appear to be strategic in their helping decisions: they are more likely to help in public or to receive a benefit, and they are less likely to help for altruistic reasons. We identify several situational factors that influence the relationship between narcissism and prosocial behavior and identify gaps in the literature that warrant future research.
His, Hers, and Ours: Gendered Roles and Resources in Academic Departments

This article presents findings from an exploratory study of whether and how gender-based patterns were present in faculty members’ departmental networks. A network analysis approach was used to identify if women and men had ties to their departmental colleagues in similar patterns and for similar purposes. Findings from the analysis of network survey and interview data with 19 faculty members in two academic departments suggest that some participants held gendered expectations of collegial support and that perceptions of gender roles may have influenced departmental work and relationships. Gender was salient for women in ways that did not shape the experiences of men in the same departments. There was a tendency for participants to connect to colleagues who were women for teaching-related purposes more than for research purposes or other reasons. Faculty members’ relationships with their colleagues may be shaped by their own gender-based assumptions and behaviors as well as those of their colleagues. Thes...
Reunions of Old Friends: Van der Waerden and Heisenberg

This chapter conveys a personal, political, and professional friendship of Van der Waerden and Heisenberg, their numerous meetings in 1960s, which sometimes included C-F von Weizsacker and even Edward Teller.
Isotonic M-Estimation

Robust partitioning algorithms for isotonic regression are shown to have anomalous behavior.
The strength of long-range ties in population-scale social networks

Long-range connections that span large social networks are widely assumed to be weak, composed of sporadic and emotionally distant relationships. However, researchers historically have lacked the population-scale network data needed to verify the predicted weakness. Using data from 11 culturally diverse population-scale networks on four continents—encompassing 56 million Twitter users and 58 million mobile phone subscribers—we find that long-range ties are nearly as strong as social ties embedded within a small circle of friends. These high-bandwidth connections have important implications for diffusion and social integration.
Troubleshooting Chest Drains

Chest tubes are the gold standard for the drainage of the pleural and pericardial spaces. They are an integral part of cardiothoracic surgery, and the well-being of patients depends on their appropriate management. Chest tubes are used to treat a variety of conditions including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and postoperative evacuation of air and fluid. There are a number of types and sizes of chest tubes available. This chapter will discuss the indications for chest tube placement and removal as well as the best uses for different types of chest tubes. We will address complications associated with chest tube placement and lastly will discuss special situations such as bronchopleural fistula, post-pneumonectomy chest tubes, abrupt changes in chest tube output, and clamping chest tubes.
A six-moment multi-fluid plasma model

Abstract We present a six-moment multi-fluid model, which solves the governing equations for both ions and electrons, with pressure anisotropy along and perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, as well as the complete set of Maxwell equations. This set of equations includes the Hall effect, different temperatures for different species and pressure anisotropy. It is more comprehensive than the five-moment equations with isotropic pressures and significantly less expensive than the ten-moment equations with a full pressure tensors. Similarly to the five- and ten-moment equations, the wave speeds are naturally limited by the speed of light, which eliminates the issue of unlimited whistler wave speeds present in Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It is also possible to simulate multiple negatively charged fluids, which cannot be done in MHD models. The six-moment model is a reasonable description of the plasma outside magnetic reconnection regions and therefore well-suited to be coupled with an embedded particle-in-cell model that covers the reconnection region. Our numerical implementation uses a point-implicit scheme for the stiff source terms, and we use a second-order accurate Rusanov-type scheme with carefully selected wave speeds. For the plasma variables and the magnetic field the maximum wave speed is based on the fast magnetosonic speed of MHD with anisotropic pressures that we derive. For the electric field related variables the speed of light is used. The divergence of the magnetic field and Gauss's law are controlled with a hyperbolic-parabolic scheme. We present a number of numerical tests to demonstrate that this numerical model is robust without being excessively diffusive.
Nanotechnology Course Designed for Non-Science Majors To Promote Critical Thinking and Integrative Learning Skills

With the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology, there has been a pressing need to teach non-science undergraduate majors how to critically interpret science in popular media and news sources. The...
Cross-Sectional Design and Linear Statistics in Vulnerability Research

In this chapter we examine the cross-sectional research designs and linear statistics used in community disaster vulnerability research. The foundation of vulnerability theory is based on cross-sectional data and linear statistics. Cross-sectional designs are by far the most popular type of research done on vulnerability. Similarly, linear statistics account for the vast majority of empirical results reported in the vulnerability literature. The advances in linear statistical modeling over the past several decades have made it possible to squeeze more value out of cross-sectional designs.
Li diffusion in epitaxial (11 $$\bar 2$$ 0) ZnO thin films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) possesses many interesting properties, such as a wide energy bandgap, large photoconductivity, and high excitonic binding energy. Chemical-vapor-deposition-grown ZnO films generally show n-type conductivity. A compensation doping process is needed to achieve piezoelectric ZnO, which is needed for surface acoustic wave (SAW), bulk acoustic wave, and micro-electromechanical system devices. In this work, a gas-phase diffusion process is developed to achieve piezoelectric (11\(\bar 2\)0) ZnO films. Comparative x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements confirmed that high crystal quality and good surface morphology were preserved after diffusion. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a broad band emission with a peak wavelength at ∼580 nm, which is associated with Li doping. The SAW, including both Rayleigh-wave and Love-wave modes, is achieved along different directions in piezoelectric (11\(\bar 2\)0) ZnO films grown on an r-plane sapphire substrate.
Sex differences in antipsychotic related metabolic functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

The adverse metabolic risks associated with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are well known, and likely contribute to the high rate of premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia. Female schizophrenia patients appear to be diagnosed with metabolic diseases at higher rates than males, which may reflect disparate adverse responses to SGAs. However, the relationship between sex, metabolic risk, and drug use is less developed. We aimed to explore this relationship further by identifying rates of metabolic disease in community dwelling schizophrenia patients by sex and SGA risk. Schizophrenia participants (N = 287, 40.4% female) were included in this analysis. Oneway-ANOVA and Fisher's Exact Test were used to compare groups, as appropriate, and Cohen's d was employed to estimate the effect size of sex. In the group as a whole, the rate of metabolic syndrome was higher than previously reported, but did not differ by sex. For females, greater metabolic disturbances across all medication risk groups were seen in BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.005) but most commonly in those receiving high risk medication (clozapine or olanzapine). Additionally, the number of participants receiving medications for these metabolic disturbances was extremely low (<30%). These results suggest that female schizophrenia patients taking clozapine or olanzapine represent a group at uniquely high risk for metabolic dysfunction and future adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and warrant close monitoring by clinicians to prevent worsening of metabolic risk through proper monitoring and interventions.
Equity perspectives and restrictionist policies: Tensions in dual language bilingual education

Amidst the current climate surrounding bilingual education in the U.S., this study looked critically at the ways language education policies informed bilingual education as language was constructed...
Multi-layered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternate in the Footwear Industry

We aimed to develop a biodegradable and compostable material that could be used as a leather alternate for the footwear industry, which leads to reduce the negative impact of this industry to the environment. This experimental study was conducted to develop a multi-layered cellulosic material (cellulosic fiber mat + denim + hemp) and examine its material properties â€“ thermal comfort, air permeability, tensile strength, and wettability â€“ compared with those of two-layered leather (calf skin + pig skin) often used when making shoes. We hypothesized that these two materials would have similar properties. This study presented the effectiveness of a multi-layered cellulosic material to be used as a leather alternate when developing shoes. The results also provided a better understanding of the influence of a multi-layered cellulosic material on the wearers' thermal comfort. Further research is suggested identifying solutions to reduce water absorbency of this multi-layered cellulosic material.
Introducing diversity to Balint Groups: Leadership challenges.

In an effort to more fully integrate Michael Balint’s vision of Patient Centered Medicine with the explosive emergence in the United States of issues of diversity and social determinants of health,...
Dopant Diffusion through Selective Surface Regions to Improve Efficiency in Micro/Nano Textured Thin Solar Cells

We introduce a simple method to improve efficiency in micro/nano textured solar cells by diffusing a dopant through selective surface regions. This method is effective when the texture size is comparable to or smaller than the characteristic diffusion length. In this size regime, strong inhomogeneity in the dopant concentration often develops in the cells. In our case, the texture is an array of nanopyramidal dips on thin crystalline silicon solar cells. Our simulations for the texture show strong inhomogeneity in the dopant concentration along the textured surface. The strong inhomogeneity creates electrically inactive regions in the texture. With our doping method, our simulations show that the inhomogeneity can be significantly reduced to enhance charge collection efficiency. We confirm this prediction by directly measuring photovoltaic efficiencies of solar cells fabricated with and without using our doping method of selective diffusion. Our experiments demonstrate that our selective dopant diffusion enhances the efficiency from 12.5% to 13.3% for freestanding 15-μm-thick silicon solar cells textured with periodic nanopyramidal dips. Our method would be generally applicable for other micro/nano structures, semiconductor materials, and optoelectronic devices.
Keynote Talk 2: Technology Innovation for Social Good

This talk gives an overview of how technologies powered by software and hardware can be the key to building a thriving, resilient world to bring a sustainable and affordable transformation for societal needs in the areas of healthcare and sustainable environment.
Language-selective brain regions track linguistic input more closely than domain-general regions

Language comprehension engages a cortical network of left frontal and temporal regions [1-6]. Activity in this network is sensitive to linguistic features such as lexical information, syntax and compositional semantics [7-10]. However, this network shows virtually no engagement in non-linguistic tasks [11-14] and is therefore language-selective. In addition, language comprehension engages a second network consisting of frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular regions [15-18]. Activity in this "Multiple Demand (MD)" network [19] is sensitive to comprehension difficulty, increasing in the presence of e.g. ambiguity [20-26], infrequent words [27-33] and non-local syntactic dependencies [34-40]. However, this network similarly scales its activity with cognitive effort across a wide range of non-linguistic tasks [19, 41] and is therefore domain-general. Given the functional dissociation between the language and MD networks [42, 43], their respective contributions to comprehension are likely distinct, yet such differences remain elusive. Critically, given that each network is sensitive to some linguistic features, prior research has presupposed that both networks track linguistic input closely, and in a manner consistent across individuals. Here, we used fMRI to test this assumption by comparing the BOLD signal time-courses in each network across different individuals listening to the same story [44-46]. Language network activity showed fewer individual differences, indicative of closer input tracking, whereas MD network activity was more idiosyncratic and, moreover, showed lower reliability within an individual across repetitions of a story. These findings constrain cognitive models of language comprehension by suggesting a novel distinction between the processes implemented in the language and MD networks.
Twitter public sentiment dynamics on cruise tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study reports time-series dynamics of Twitter public sentiment on cruise tourism and its driving factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conduct sentiment analysis on a large collection of tw...
Exploring Means to Enhance the Efficiency of GPU Bitmap Index Query Processing

Once exotic, computational accelerators are now commonly available in many computing systems. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are perhaps the most frequently encountered computational accelerators. Recent work has shown that GPUs are beneficial when analyzing massive data sets. Specifically related to this study, it has been demonstrated that GPUs can significantly reduce the query processing time of database bitmap index queries. Bitmap indices are typically used for large, read-only data sets and are often compressed using some form of hybrid run-length compression. In this paper, we present three GPU algorithm enhancement strategies for executing queries of bitmap indices compressed using word aligned hybrid compression: (1) data structure reuse (2) metadata creation with various type alignment and (3) a preallocated memory pool. The data structure reuse greatly reduces the number of costly memory system calls. The use of metadata exploits the immutable nature of bitmaps to pre-calculate and store necessary intermediate processing results. This metadata reduces the number of required query-time processing steps. Preallocating a memory pool can reduce or entirely remove the overhead of memory operations during query processing. Our empirical study showed that performing a combination of these strategies can achieve 32.4 $$\times$$ to 98.7 $$\times$$ speedup over the current state-of-the-art implementation. Our study also showed that by using our enhancements, a common gaming GPU can achieve a $$15.0\times$$ speedup over a more expensive high-end CPU.
On Christian Teaching: Practicing Faith in the Classroom: By David I. Smith. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018. 172 pp., $15.97 (Paperback)

In an era that has seen music and books, puzzles and soaps, plumbers and politicians slapped with the label of “Christian” based on content, distributor, or platform alone, David Smith examines the...
K-fold Cross-Validation and the Gravity Model of Bilateral Trade

This paper contributes to the gravity model literature by giving a side-by-side comparison of in-sample and out-of-sample data techniques, specifically k-fold cross-validation, to show the benefits of using out-of-sample data techniques when examining the gravity model of bilateral trade. This shifts the focus from sample uncertainty, which is limited within bilateral trade data, to model uncertainty, which poses a larger potential problem in this context (Varian, Journal of Economic Perspectives 28: 3–28, 2014). This research also begins addressing the implicit regularities that are often imposed upon the variables within the gravity model by examining possible interaction terms and various model specifications using the aforementioned k-fold cross-validation technique. The results indicate that the k-fold cross-validation method provides more robust models and prevents over-fitting the model with practically and statistically insignificant variables. Moreover, it finds strong evidence to suggest that the log specification of GDP and GDP per capita in the gravity model needs to consider raised powers of the variables in order to give the best predictive model and help avoid omitted variable bias. This change reduces the expected increases in bilateral trade of a currency union by almost 50 %, suggesting a large previously omitted variable bias within the model. Similar biases are revealed in the coefficient estimates for regional trade agreements and generalized system of preferences.
Walrasian equilibrium: hardness, approximations and tractable instances

We study the complexity issues for Walrasian equilibrium in a special case of combinatorial auction, called single-minded auction, in which every participant is interested in only one subset of commodities. Chen et al. (J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 69(4): 675–687, 2004) showed that it is NP-hard to decide the existence of a Walrasian equilibrium for a single-minded auction and proposed a notion of approximate Walrasian equilibrium called relaxed Walrasian equilibrium. We show that every single-minded auction has a relaxed Walrasian equilibrium that satisfies at least two-thirds of the participants, proving a conjecture posed in Chen et al. (J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 69(4): 675–687, 2004). Motivated by practical considerations, we introduce another concept of approximate Walrasian equilibrium called weak Walrasian equilibrium. We show NP-completeness and hardness of approximation results for weak Walrasian equilibria. In search of positive results, we restrict our attention to the tollbooth problem (Guruswami et al. in Proceedings of the Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), pp. 1164–1173, 2005), where every participant is interested in a single path in some underlying graph. We give a polynomial time algorithm to determine the existence of a Walrasian equilibrium and compute one (if it exists), when the graph is a tree. However, the problem is still NP-hard for general graphs.
Liposarcoma of the tongue: case report and review of the literature.

Liposarcoma most commonly arises in the retroperitoneum and lower extremities. Liposarcoma of the head and neck is rare, with only 12 previously reported cases of liposarcoma in the tongue. We present a case of well-differentiated liposarcoma of the tongue occuring in a 39 year old man, treated with surgical excision. At 14 years of follow-up, the patient remains free of disease. Liposarcoma of the head and neck is rare, and may easily be misdiagnosed clinically. The diagnosis is made histologically. Clinical behavior is related to histopathologic subtype. Wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice, with limited data to support the use of radiation or chemotherapy. Our case represents the longest follow-up period for a tongue liposarcoma, with 14 years disease-free following surgical extirpation.
Bilateral granulosa cell tumors

Abstract Bilateral tumors of the ovaries were discovered when the child was fourteen weeks of age, and the tumors were successfully removed when she was sixteen weeks of age. Two years and eight months later these tumors were determined to be granulosa cell tumors. The patient seems to be the youngest yet to be reported to have had this disease. When this report was written, three years and two months subsequent to operation, the girl was apparently well. The case is one of that small group (5 to 10 per cent) of cases in which the condition occurs before puberty. It is further unique in that the tumors were bilateral; bilaterality occurs in not more than 5 per cent of all cases of granulosa cell tumor.