cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in UGV Operation: A Comparison of Subjective and Psychophysiological Predictors

Unmanned systems operations are complex, cognitively demanding tasks that elicit highly variable workload. The ability to predict performance and workload within these complex tasks can provide a powerful tool for practitioners regarding fit-for-duty verification. Further, monitoring workload aids in diagnostic assessment of factors that impact performance. The goal for this analysis was to examine the quality of cross-task averages of both baseline and concurrent psychophysiological and subjective measures to predict task performance and perceived workload. At a theoretical level, these findings suggest the need for a multivariate conceptualization of processing ‘resources’, encompassing both implicit and explicit responses. At a practical level, both subjective and psychophysiological measures may be necessary for optimizing performance prediction, at least for certain tasks.
Quantification of long-term erosion rates from root exposure/tree age relationships in an alpine meadow catchment

Abstract Erosion rates derived using dendrogeomorphology have been used to quantify slope degradation in many localities globally. However, with the exception of the western United States, most of these estimates are derived from short-lived trees whose lifetimes may not adequately reflect the complete range of slope processes which can include erosion, deposition, impacts of extreme events and even long-term hiatuses. Erosion rate estimates at a given site using standard techniques therefore reflect censored local point erosion estimates rather than long-term rates. We applied a modified dendrogeomorphic approach to rapidly estimate erosion rates from dbh/age relationships to assess the difference between short and long-term rates and found that the mean short-term rate was ~ 0.13 cm/yr with high variability, while the uncensored long-term rate was ~ 0.06 cm/yr. The results indicate that rates calculated from short-lived trees, while possibly appropriate for local short-term point estimates of erosion, are highly variable and may overestimate regional long-term rates by > 50%. While these findings do not invalidate the use of dendrogeomorphology to estimate erosion rates they do suggest that care must be taken to select older trees that incorporate a range of slope histories in order to best approximate regional long-term rates.
National estimates and correlates of secondhand smoke exposure in US cancer survivors

Cancer survivors comprise a vulnerable population for exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). This study examined and compared the prevalence, time trends, and predictors of SHS exposure between nonsmoking adult cancer survivors and nonsmoking adults without cancer history (control group). Data were obtained from the 2001–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (survivors: n = 2168; controls: n = 19,436). All adults ≥20 years of age who reported not smoking and had a serum cotinine level of 0.015–10 ng/mL were included in the study. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals, weighted linear regression of prevalence on year for trend analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed with adjustments made for the complex survey design. Survivors were significantly less likely to be exposed to SHS (65.4 vs. 70.6%, respectively). Exposure over time decreased by 16% (from 67.1% in 2001 to 53.3% in 2012) among survivors and by 24% (from 72% in 2001 to 56% in 2012) among controls. Exposed survivors were more likely to be young (OR = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.97–0.99]), non-Hispanic Black (2.51 [1.49–4.26]), with some college education (2.47 [1.56–3.93]), a high school education (2.72 [1.76–4.19]), less than a high school education (2.49 [1.58–3.91]), and poor (1.80 [1.10–2.96]). Considerable numbers of US cancer survivors are exposed to SHS and exposure disparities persist. More efforts are needed to develop and test population policies and clinical-based interventions targeting cancer survivors.
A Design Feature and Cross-Culture Based Comparative Evaluation of Web Maps:

This study aims to investigate how design features and cross-culture factors affect the usability of web maps. Twelve volunteers performed two scenario-based tasks using three web maps in a Windows...
The radionuclide salivagram in children with pulmonary disease and a high risk of aspiration.

Purpose. We wanted to demonstrate the utility of the radionuclide salivagram in assessing children whose underlying medical problems suggest that aspiration of oral contents is a factor contributing to otherwise unexplained lung disease or recurrent pneumonias. Materials and methods. Following sublingual administration of 300 μCi (11.1 MBq) of technetium-99m sulfur colloid in a drop of saline, serial images were obtained for 60 min and evaluated for entrance of tracer into the major airways and lung parenchyma. Thirty-four studies were performed on 31 patients (age: 3 weeks - 16.7 years, mean 5.5 years) with recurrent pneumonias or unexplained lung disease. All had medical conditions, most frequently neurological, predisposing to aspiration. Results. Pulmonary aspiration was detected in eight patients. All positive studies demonstrated aspirated tracer distal to the tracheal bifurcation, either in bronchi or in bronchi and lung parenchyma. Aspiration was bilateral in six cases. Clearance of aspirated tracer was noted in one patient. Conclusion. The salivagram is an effective tool for demonstrating aspiration of oral contents and the level to which aspirated fluid penetrates the tracheobronchial tree. Additionally, by allowing for the evaluation of clearance of aspirated tracer, the salivagram may provide information on the status of airway-protective mechanisms.
Case 7—When the Palliative Care Team Got Fired

A 17-year-old African American man was admitted to the hospital with Stage IV metastatic colon cancer, a recurrence from five years previously. His mother was very religious and was at his bedside constantly, and answered all questions directed to her son by the medical team. She had faith in God and in her son’s oncologist who she believed had previously cured her son’s cancer. The palliative care team was forbiddne to enter the patient’s room after they described his extremely poor prognosis and the possibility of transitioning to comfort care only.
Developing Therapeutic Recreation Students' Ability to ‘Think Like An Evaluator’: Classroom Inquiry as a Lesson Study Project

The purpose of this project was to conduct the classroom action research known as lesson study. Four instructors in a therapeutic recreation program who were guided by a campus-wide Scholarship of ...
The Effect of Ignoring Small Measurement Errors in Precision Instrument Calibration

This paper discusses the effect of measurement errors in both variables when using the simple linear regression model. It is often stated that if the measurement error in x is small, then we can ignore this error and fit the model to data using ordinary..
Return to Golf After Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Purpose To investigate if patients who reported playing golf before arthroscopic hip surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome were able to return to playing golf postoperatively. Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between 2012 and 2014. Inclusion criteria required that a patient (1) reported playing golf before the surgery, (2) had a minimum 2-year follow-up, and (3) completed patient-reported outcome measures. An electronic postoperative return to golf questionnaire was completed by patients who reported golf as an activity. To evaluate patients' ability to return to golf after surgery, the following variables were analyzed with paired samples t test and χ-square tests: handedness, holes played, modified-Harris Hip Score, and Hip Outcome Score Activity of Daily Living and Sports-Specific Subscale. Results A total of 29 patients (22 men; age, 36.0 ± 11.9 years) with a minimum of 24 months of follow-up who self-reported playing golf preoperatively were included in the analysis. Preoperatively, 23 patients (79%) had discontinued golfing owing to activity-related hip complaints. At the final follow-up, all patients had significant improvements in the Hip Outcome Score Activity of Daily Living (preoperatively, 65.9 ± 19.9; postoperatively, 91.5 ± 12.8; P Conclusions Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in patients who reported playing golf before surgery resulted in significant improvements in hip function and predictably high rates of patient satisfaction, with 97% returning to golfing activity and 55% noting improvement from preinjury sporting performance. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series.
Orbital floor fracture with periorbital haematoma

A 51-year-old woman with a medical history including previous left facial trauma with plates and screws placed who presented to the emergency department with right facial swelling and pain after she tripped down a step. She struck the right side of her face on tile flooring with no loss of
Use of graded Semmes Weinstein monofilament testing for ascertaining peripheral neuropathy in people with and without diabetes.

Abstract Aims To assess peripheral neuropathy (PN) using graded Semmes Weinstein monofilaments (SWMs) and determine factors associated with PN among adult volunteers with and without diabetes. Methods Adult volunteers were assessed for distal sensory PN using three graded SWMs. Four PN levels were defined: 0 (no PN; felt all three filaments), 1 (subclinical PN; insensate to 1-g filament), 2 (insensate to 10-g), or 3 (insensate to 75-g). Levels 2–3 were considered clinical PN. Associations with PN were determined using ordinal logistic regression. Results In 1564 subjects (median age 41.9 years, 50.1% women), PN was subclinical or worse in 68.9% and clinical in 11.2%. Age-sex-race-adjusted prevalence of clinical PN was greater in people with diabetes (15.3%) than without (6.1%; P Conclusions PN is common in our sample, notably in those without diabetes, although diabetes greatly increases its risk. Using graded SWMs may have a prognostic value as it permits the identification of subclinical PN.
Is the Supply Curve for Commodity Futures Contracts Upward Sloping

Annual rebalancing of the S&P GSCI index provides a novel and strong identification to estimate the shape of supply curves for commodity futures contracts. Using the 24 commodities included in the S&P GSCI for 2004–2017, we show that cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) reach a peak of 59 basis points in the middle of the week following the rebalancing period, but the impact is temporary as it declines to near zero within the next week. The findings provide clear evidence that the supply curve for commodity futures contracts is upward sloping in the short-run but almost flat in the longer-run.
Ultrastructural morphology is distinct among primary progenitor cell isolates from normal, inflamed, and cryopreserved equine hoof tissue and CD105+K14+ progenitor cells

The equine hoof dermal-epidermal interface requires progenitor cells with distinct characteristics. This study was designed to provide accurate ultrastructural depictions of progenitor cells isolated from inflamed tissue and normal tissue before and after cryopreservation and following selection of cells expressing both keratin (K) 14 (ectodermal) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 105 (mesodermal). Passage 3 cell ultrastructure was assessed following 2D culture and after 3D culture on decellularized hoof tissue scaffolds. Outcome measures included light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and CD105+K14+ cell trilineage plasticity. Cells from normal tissue had typical progenitor cell characteristics. Those from inflamed tissue had organelles and morphology consistent with catabolic activities including lysosomes, irregular rough endoplasmic reticulum, and fewer vacuoles and early endosomes than those from normal tissue. Cryopreserved tissue cells appeared apoptotic with an irregular cell membrane covered by cytoplasmic protrusions closely associated with endocytic and exocytic vesicles, chromatin aggregated on the nuclear envelop, abundant, poorly organized rough endoplasmic reticulum, and plentiful lysosomes. Cells that were CD105+K14+ were distinguishable from heterogenous cells by infrequent microvilli on the cell surface, sparse endosomes and vesicles, and desmosomes between cells. Cells expressed ectodermal (K15) and mesodermal (CD105) proteins in 2D and 3D cultures. Inflamed and cryopreserved tissue isolates attached poorly to tissue scaffold while normal tissue cells attached well, but only CD105+K14+ cells produced extracellular matrix after 4 d. The CD105+K14+ cells exhibited osteoblastic, adipocytic, and neurocytic differentiation. Ultrastructural information provided by this study contributes to understanding of equine hoof progenitor cells to predict their potential contributions to tissue maintenance, healing, and damage as well post-implantation behavior.
Mitochondria in Acute Brain Injury

Interest in mitochondria has experienced a “re-awakening” in recent years as new discoveries of latent mitochondrial properties, expanding beyond their traditional function in cellular bioenergetics, have fostered a closer examination of the mitochondria’s role in health and disease. This growing interest is especially noted in the neurosciences where a burgeoning body of data implicates mitochondria as key players in mediating neuronal survival or death after brain injury and in the pathogenesis of many neurological and neurodegenerative disease states.
The contiguous United States in eleven zip codes: identifying and mapping socio-economic census data clusters and exemplars using affinity propagation

The United States is a diverse and heterogeneous place. Accurately organizing and mapping the U.S. into different regions based on characteristics such as wealth, race, education, language, and occ...
Network determinants of cardiovascular calcification and repositioned drug treatments.

Ectopic cardiovascular calcification is a highly prevalent pathology for which there are no effective novel or repurposed pharmacotherapeutics to prevent disease progression. We created a human calcification endophenotype module (ie, the "calcificasome") by mapping vascular calcification genes (proteins) to the human vascular smooth muscle-specific protein-protein interactome (218 nodes and 632 edges, P < 10-5 ). Network proximity analysis was used to demonstrate that the calcificasome overlapped significantly with endophenotype modules governing inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis in the human interactome (P < 0.001). A network-based drug repurposing analysis further revealed that everolimus, temsirolimus, and pomalidomide are predicted to target the calcificasome. The efficacy of these agents in limiting calcification was confirmed experimentally by treating human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in an in vitro calcification assay. Each of the drugs affected expression or activity of their predicted target in the network, and decreased calcification significantly (P < 0.009). An integrated network analytical approach identified novel mediators of ectopic cardiovascular calcification and biologically plausible candidate drugs that could be repurposed to target calcification. This methodological framework for drug repurposing has broad applicability to other diseases.
Advocating for yourself in the promotion process

Abstract New librarians can be challenged navigating the tenure and promotion process. Without proper support systems, candidates can struggle to understand how to prepare and successfully complete promotion. This article aims to support the idea of a peer support group for the purpose of completing the promotion and tenure process together, as a support system created by librarians currently in the process. A librarian at the University of Houston created a peer support group with other librarians participating in the same third year review year, which met in the six months leading into the review. When they completed their process, they met with the next cohort of librarians to encourage them to continue the support group.
Managerial discretion in revenue recognition amidst financial restatements and implications for GAAP compliance

In this study, we examine GAAP‐compliant and non‐compliant revenue accruals among non‐fraud, non‐error restated firm‐years. The restatement setting isolates and quantifies managerial discretion in the revenue recognition process and provides insight into the role of GAAP compliance in producing predictive information. We find consistent evidence that non‐GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals are predictive of future cash receipts and total sales. We find that this main result is strongest for accrued revenues rather than deferred revenues. We find additional evidence that non‐GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals are generally more or similarly predictive of future cash receipts or total sales when compared to GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals for both restated and non‐restated firm‐years. Our findings suggest that managers’ discretion provides predictive information in the restatement setting, where managers’ judgment is likely most prevalent. We also find that ex‐post compliance with US GAAP does not isolate and remove less predictive information. Last, we fail to find reliable evidence that managers in our sample use their discretion over revenue accruals to smooth revenues or to meet or beat revenue and earnings benchmarks.
Race, racism and mnemonic freedom in the digital afterlife

American public discourse is increasingly populated by the names of Black men and women killed by police, often because their deaths were caught on camera and footage of their deaths has circulated...
Lessons from a broad survey of tutoring tools: It's a big world out there

We created a list of more than 140 tools that can be used to create tutoring systems, from complete tutoring systems to low-level tools for preparing instructional materials. Based on this list, we...
Association of Behavioral Phenotypes With Changes in Sleep During a Workplace Wellness Program.

Purpose:Examine changes in sleep duration by 3 behavioral phenotypes during a workplace wellness program with overweight and obese adults.Design:Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trialSet...
Accumulation of only aflatoxin B 2 by a strain of Aspergillus flavus.

Abstract A strain of Aspergillus flavus isolated from ground black pepper produced only aflatoxin B2 on several natural substrates.
Recent advances in Clostridioides difficile infection epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment in children.

Purpose of review The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified Clostridioides difficile as an 'urgent' public health threat that requires 'urgent and aggressive action'. This call to action has led to new discoveries that have advanced C. difficile infection (CDI) epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, albeit predominantly in adults. In 2017, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America published clinical practice guidelines for both adults and children. At that time, recommendations in children were generally limited to relatively low-quality evidence. Recent findings Since publication of this guidance, there have been many advancements in the understanding of CDI in children. These include better understanding of healthcare settings as uncommon sources of C. difficile acquisition in children; risk factors for recurrent and community-associated CDI; performance of diagnostic tests in children and strategies for optimizing their use; and a more rigorous evidence base for CDI treatment in children, including the first-ever randomized controlled trial of CDI treatment in children and the largest study of fecal microbiota transplantation in children. Summary This review highlights the most recent salient advancements in paediatric CDI knowledge and practice that supplement published clinical guidance provided prior to these advancements.
Picosecond Luminescence Spectroscopy of Highly Photo-Excited Semiconductors

Over the past few years we have used a picosecond time resolution luminescence spectrometer [1–4] for the study of time resolved luminescence spectra of highly photo-excited semiconductors. At He-temperatures in CdSe single crystals, we find a single, broad luminescence band, centered at about 6820A (Fig. 1). The width of the band changes with time after excitation [4]. The total emission in this band decays with a nearly exponential, but distinctly non-exponential time dependence over a time span of about 500 psec. Considerable effort was spent in identifying the mentioned luminescence band as an intrinsic property of highly photo-excited CdSe. Samples of various types and origins were found to give rise to bands of similar location and width, particularly at early time delays. Considerable care was exercised to identify and stay clear of stimulated emission [4] which was clearly present in some samples. We are fairly confident, then, that the emission band shown in Fig. 1 is an intrinsic, spontaneous emission phenomena originating in highly photo-excited CdSe. The luminescent shape of Fig. 1 is, however, influenced by self-absorption. Luminescence spectra taken with the E-vector of the emitted light parallel to the c-axis of CdSe can be different from luminescent spectra taken for Elc.
Toggle-pin technique for management of coxofemoral luxation in an alpaca.

Objective: To report repair of a coxofemoral joint luxation in an Alpaca using a toggle-pin technique. Study Design: Case report. Animals: An 11-month intact male Alpaca with luxation of the right coxofemoral joint. Methods: The Alpaca was anesthetized and an open repair and reduction of the luxation was performed using a toggle-pin technique. Results: The luxation was successfully reduced. An Ehmer sling was used for the initial 3 days after surgery and the Alpaca was discharged 7 days postoperatively without complications. Follow-up examinations confirmed maintained reduction of the coxofemoral joint, as well as no evidence of lameness or muscle atrophy. Conclusions: Coxofemoral joint luxations in Alpacas can be successfully repaired using a toggle-pin technique alone, without the need for other techniques such as capsular reconstruction or greater trochanter transposition. Use of an Ehmer sling for the immediate postoperative period provided additional protection to the repair and was tolerated well.
Redistribution and Racism, Tolerance and Capitalism

In debates over the roles of law and government in promoting the equality of income or in redistributing the fruits of capitalism, widely different motives are attributed to those who favor or oppose capitalism or income redistribution. According to one view, largely accepted in the academic social psychology literature (Jost et al., 2003), opposition to income redistribution and support for capitalism reflect an orientation toward social dominance, a desire to dominate other groups. According to another view that goes back at least to the nineteenth century origins of Marxism, anti-capitalism and a support for greater legal efforts to redistribute income reflect envy for the property of others and a frustration with one’s lot in a capitalist system. In this paper I expand and test the first (social dominance) thesis using twenty nationally representative General Social Surveys conducted by the National Opinion Research Center between 1977 and 2010, involving over 21,000 respondents. I first show that respondents who express traditionally racist views (on segregation, interracial marriage, and inborn racial abilities) tend to support greater income redistribution. Traditional racists also express less positive views toward free-market capitalism and its consequences, tending to want the government to guarantee jobs for everyone and to fix prices, wages, and profits. Next, I report a similar pattern for those who express intolerance for unpopular groups on the fifteen Stouffer tolerance questions (regarding racists, homosexuals, communists, extreme militarists, and atheists). Those who express less tolerance for unpopular groups tend to favor income redistribution and to be less supportive of capitalism and its discontents. Using full latent variable structural equation modeling shows similar results. The data are broadly inconsistent with the standard belief in the social psychology literature that pro-capitalist and anti-redistributionist views are positively associated with racism and intolerance. I then explore an alternative hypothesis, showing that, compared to anti-redistributionists, strong redistributionists have much higher odds of reporting anger, sadness, loneliness, outrage, and other negative emotions. Similarly, anti-redistributionists had much higher odds of reporting being happy or at ease. Last, both redistributionists and anti-capitalists expressed lower overall happiness, less happy marriages, and lower satisfaction with their financial situations and with their jobs or housework. Further, in several General Social Surveys anti-redistributionists were generally more likely to report altruistic behavior than those who favored a stronger policy of government redistribution of income.
Oxidative‐stress‐dependent up‐regulation of Bcl‐2 expression in the central nervous system of aged Fisher‐344 rats

Oxidative stress has been shown to play a role in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Some of the consequences of oxidative stress are DNA base modifications, lipid peroxidation, and protein modifications such as formation of carbonyls and nitrotyrosine. These events may play a role in apoptosis, another factor in aging and neurodegeneration, in response to uncompensated oxidative stress. Bcl-2 is a mitochondrial protein that protects neurons from apoptotic stimuli including oxidative stress. Using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, here we show that Bcl-2 is up-regulated in the hippocampus and cerebellum of aged (24 months) Fisher 344 rats. Treatment with the free radical spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) effectively reverses this age-dependent Bcl-2 up-regulation indicating that this response is redox sensitive. This conclusion was further supported by inducing the same regional Bcl-2 up-regulation in young (3 months) Fisher 344 rats exposed to 100% normobaric O(2) for 48 h. Our results indicate that Bcl-2 expression is increased in the aged brain, possibly as a consequence of oxidative stress challenges. These results also illustrate the effectiveness of antioxidants in reversing age-related changes in the CNS and support further research to investigate their use in aging and in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Activation of Muscle Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Creatine Phosphate and Citrate

Abstract The activity at neutral pH of a highly purified preparation of rabbit skeletal muscle fructose 1,6-diphosphatase is increased by creatine phosphate and by citrate. The effects of the activators are additive. The activation is reversed by ADP in a time-dependent phenomenon similar to that reported for liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (Taketa, K., Sarngadharan, M. G., Watanabe, A., Aoe, H., and Pogell, B. M. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 5676–5683). It is suggested that creatine phosphate may play an important regulatory role in the resynthesis of glycogen following muscle contraction.
High-Speed Matching of Vulnerability Signatures

Vulnerability signatures offer better precision and flexibility than exploit signatures when detecting network attacks. We show that it is possible to detect vulnerability signatures in high-performance network intrusion detection systems, by developing a matching architecture that is specialized to the task of vulnerability signatures. Our architecture is based upon: i) the use of high-speed pattern matchers, together with control logic, instead of recursive parsing, ii) the limited nature and careful management of implicit state, and iii) the ability to avoid parsing large fragments of the message not relevant to a vulnerability. We have built a prototype implementation of our architecture and vulnerability specification language, called VESPA, capable of detecting vulnerabilities in both text and binary protocols. We show that, compared to full protocol parsing, we can achieve 3x or better speedup, and thus detect vulnerabilities in most protocols at a speed of 1 Gbps or more. Our architecture is also well-adapted to being integrated with network processors or other special-purpose hardware. We show that for text protocols, pattern matching dominates our workload and great performance improvements can result from hardware acceleration.
Experience with a Combined Approach to Attribute-Matching Across Heterogeneous Databases

Determining attribute correspondences is a difficult, time-consuming, knowledge-intensive part of database integration. We report on experiences with tools that identified candidate correspondences, as a step in a large scale effort to improve communication among Air Force systems. First, we describe a new method that was both simple and surprisingly successful: Data dictionary and catalog information were dumped to unformatted text; then off-the-shelf information retrieval software estimated string similarity, generated candidate matches, and provided the interface. The second method used a different set of clues, such as statistics on database populations, to compute separate similarity metrics (using neural network techniques). We report on substantial use of the first tool, and then report some limited initial experiments that examine the two techniques’ accuracy, consistency and complementarity.
Organizational Form, Performance And Information Costs In Small Businesses

This extends agency theory to introduce organizational form as a decision variable that directly influences risk bearing and the costs of control in small businesses. Based on information cost and organization design theories, we propose a relationship between organizational form and information costs. Our empirical results reveal that organizational form is the first or second most important decision variable related to performance and information costs in small businesses.
The impact of open spaces on property values in Portland, Oregon

Abstract Open spaces such as public parks, natural areas and golf courses may have an influence on the sale price of homes in close proximity to those resources. The net effect of open-space proximity is theoretically uncertain because the positive externalities associated with proximity such as a view or nearby recreation facility might be outweighed by negative externalities, for example, traffic congestion and noise. The impact of open-space proximity and type is examined empirically using a data set that includes the sales price for homes in Portland, Oregon, a major metropolitan area in the United States, geographic information system derived data on each home’s proximity to an open-space and open-space type, and neighborhood and home characteristics. Results show that proximity to an open-space and open-space type can have a statistically significant effect on a home’s sale price. These estimates provide an important step in quantifying the overall benefit from preserving open spaces in an urban environment.
Diabetes Mellitus Affects Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in the Management of Rectal Cancer

Although diabetic patients with rectal cancer have poorer outcomes than their nondiabetic counterparts, few studies have looked at diabetics’ response to therapy as an explanation for this disparity. This study compares the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with locally advanced rectal cancers. This is a single-institution, retrospective review of rectal cancer patients who received CRT followed by resection from 1995 to 2006. Pretreatment tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging was determined using endorectal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); post-treatment staging was determined by pathological review. 110 patients were included; seventeen had diabetes and 93 were nondiabetics. Pretreatment staging was similar in both groups. Sixteen of the diabetics (94%) completed CRT compared to 92% (86/93) of the nondiabetics. Tumor downstaging rates were similar in the two groups (53% in diabetics, 52% in nondiabetics). Nondiabetic patients had a higher rate of nodal downstaging although not statistically significant (67% versus 27%, P = 0.80). While none of the diabetics patients achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR), 23% (21/93) of the nondiabetics did (P = 0.039). Local progression rates were higher in the diabetic group (24% versus 5%, P = 0.046). Our study shows that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer is less effective in diabetic patients than in nondiabetics. While minimal differences are found in the rate of downstaging, the rate of achieving a complete pathologic response was significantly higher in nondiabetic patients, and in fact was not seen in any of our diabetic patients. This may explain the poorer outcomes seen in diabetic patients with rectal cancer.
Carotenoid fractionation in the plumose anemone Metridium—II. Search for dietary sources of ovarian astaxanthin☆

1. 1. The Pacific Coast planktotrophic, oviparous, plumose anemone Metridium senile fimbriatum (representing a cosmopolitan genus) stores in its developing ova long-chained esters of astaxanthin as virtually the only carotenoid. 2. 2. The animals stored ovarian astaxanthin if fed diets containing that carotenoid itself, or canthaxanthin, but failed to develop colored oocytes if furnished diets involving only β-carotene, zeaxanthin or echinenone, or such mixed algal xanthophylls as fucoxanthin, peridinin, diatoxanthin, dinoxanthin or diadinoxanthin. 3. 3. Thus, while they could di-hydroxylate the diketone canthaxanthin, they failed to ketonize β-carotene, zeaxanthin or even echinenone to afford astaxanthin precursors; and they failed to reduce the acetylenic, allenic or epoxy groups in the typical algal xanthophylls. 4. 4. This anemone presumably must rely chiefly upon certain zooplankton, notably microcrustaceans, and any leptopelic detrital matter containing astaxanthin or canthaxanthin, for developing its stores of ovarian astaxanthin. It thus lacks some broader biochemical faculties exhibited by crustaceans and some fishes and birds.
Tribochemistry of Materials

Tribochemistry refers to the contact chemistry occurs inside the wearing interface under boundary lubricated conditions. Since lubrication chemistry has been dominated by hydrocarbon-steel chemistry, other chemistry between insulators, semiconductors, carbon films and lubricants has not been explored extensively. As new materials continue to evolve spurred by increasingly sophisticated means to control atoms, molecules, and microstructures, how to lubricate these new materials has become an important technological barrier for materials utilization and new technology development. This paper addresses the basic known information of tribochemistry with materials and describes the various measurement techniques that can be used to understand tribochemistry with various classes of materials.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
RENORMALIZATION GROUP SOLUTION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW EQUATIONS FOR RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR MIXING

Abstract We obtain the exact solution of a recently proposed two-phase flow model of the Rayleigh-Taylor mixing zone, in the incompressible, large time scaling limit. The scaling limit equations are the renormalization group equations for this problem. Our results show that the large time behavior of the incompressible Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer is determined by a renormalization group fixed point. Our solution allows independent pressures in each fluid. The pressures do not equilibrate dynamically, implying that distinct pressures for each phase is an intrinsic aspect of this problem.
Nonpoint source discharges of nutrients from Piedmont watersheds of Chesapeake Bay

We measured annual discharges of water, sediments, and nutrients from 10 watersheds with differing proportions of agricultural lands in the Piedmont physiographic province of the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of total N, nitrate, and dissolved silicate in watershed discharges were correlated with the proportion of cropland in the watershed. In contrast, concentrations of P species did not correlate with cropland. Organic P and C correlated with the concentration of suspended particles, which differed among watersheds. Thus, the ratio of N:P:Si in discharges differed greatly among watersheds, potentially affecting N, P or Si limitation of phytoplankton growth in the receiving waters. Simple regression models of N discharge versus the percentage of cropland suggest that croplands discharge 29-42 kg N ha -1 yr -1 and other lands discharge 1.2-5.8 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . We estimated net anthropogenic input of N to croplands and other lands using county level data on agriculture and N deposition from the atmosphere. For most of the study watersheds, N discharge amounted to less than half of the net anthropogenic N.
Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydrochloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses.

Objective—To investigate effects of lidocaine hydrochloride administered IV on mucosal inflammation in ischemia-injured jejunum of horses treated with flunixin meglumine. Animals—24 horses. Procedures—Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 1 mL/50 kg, IV [1 dose]), flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), lidocaine (bolus [1.3 mg/kg] and constant rate infusion [0.05 mg/kg/min], IV, during and after recovery from surgery), or both flunixin and lidocaine (n = 6/group). During surgery, blood flow was occluded for 2 hours in 2 sections of jejunum in each horse. Uninjured and ischemia-injured jejunal specimens were collected after the ischemic period and after euthanasia 18 hours later for histologic assessment and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (via western blot procedures). Plasma samples collected prior to (baseline) and 8 hours after the ischemic period were analyzed for prostanoid concentrations. Results—Immediately after the ischemic period, COX-2 expression in horses treated...
The proper role of clusters in mathematical models of continuous recall

Abstract Previous research has shown that the number of words cumulatively recalled ( N ) at time ( t ) is a negatively accelerated function that reaches an asymptote as t → ∞. Research has also shown that the increase in N with t occurs in bursts or clusters. Several models purport to account for this cumulative recall curve in terms of cluster characteristics. The present research shows that previous models have not in fact successfully linked continuous recall to cluster characteristics. This research demonstrates that cluster models need to employ three empirical characteristics of clusters: T b , the time between clusters; T w , the average time between words within a cluster; and W c , the number of words within a cluster. It is shown that these three quantities determine the cumulative recall curve, and these three quantities may in turn be characterized by four parameters. Of these four parameters, only three actually characterize the cumulative recall curve. Two parameters determine the initial slope and final asymptote of the curve, while a third parameter, which we introduce for the first time, characterizes the curve's shape. This latter parameter may be interpreted as the ratio ofthe time spent in retrieving and discarding a cluster that has been previously recalled to the amount of time spent in retrieving and outputting a newly encountered cluster. It is pointed out that previous success in fitting the cumulative recall data with a two-parameter function may be explained by the fact that this parameter lies in a restricted range about unity. Further experimental work is suggested to elucidate the behavior of this new parameter. Two models are then proposed to account for these characteristics of clusters and the shape of the recall curve.
Collective Cognition: When Entrepreneurial Teams, Not Individuals, Make Decisions

New venture success often depends on how the founding team collectively understands its world, estimates effects of possible actions, makes decisions, and allocates appropriate resources. Drawing o...
Pronominalization in the language of deaf students.

Four hundred and eighty deaf students (age 10 to 18 years) and 60 hearing children (age eight to 10 years) were required to complete a stimulus sentence by selecting the appropriate pronoun from a ...
Changes in phosphorus concentrations in a eutrophic lake as a result of macrophyte-kill following herbicide application

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in water and sediment of a highly eutrophic lake were monitored before and after application of diquat to control the macrophyte Potamogeton crispus. Only a relatively small and short-term increase in P concentration in water occurred shortly after plant die-off resulting from herbicide application. Phosphorus concentrations in shallow water sediments decreased during the summer, and those in deep water sediments increased. Although a large increase in P concentration in the water occurred in late summer, it was not attributed to diquat. No major secondary effects of herbicide application were found during this study.
Influence of microstructure developed during drawing on surface properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film

Abstract We have measured the surface wettability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film drawn to different draw ratios at strain rates of 0.56 and 0.01 s −1 and a draw temperature of 90°C. The probe liquid was demineralized water. We believe that the observed changes in advancing and receding work of adhesion—and in the wetting hysteresis indicated by their difference—reflect a lowering of the energy state of the film surface during drawing, due to increases in ‘amorphous orientation’ and the onset of crystallization. Orientation-induced interaction between PET molecules may reduce the availability of sites that would otherwise interact with water.
Genomic analysis using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays reveals novel microdeletions associated with premature ovarian failure

Objective To analyze DNA from women with premature ovarian failure (POF) for genome-wide copy-number variations (CNVs), focusing on novel autosomal microdeletions. Design Case-control genetic association study. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Patient(s) Of 89 POF patients, eight experienced primary amenorrhea and 81 exhibited secondary amenorrhea before age 40 years. Intervention(s) Genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples was analyzed for CNVs using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Main Outcome Measure(s) Identification of novel CNVs in 89 POF cases, using the Database of Genomic Variants as a control population. Result(s) A total of 198 autosomal CNVs were detected by SNP arrays, ranging in size from 0.1 Mb to 3.4 Mb. These CNVs (>0.1 Mb) included 17 novel microduplications and seven novel microdeletions, six of which contained the coding regions 8q24.13, 10p15-p14, 10q23.31, 10q26.3, 15q25.2, and 18q21.32. Most of the novel CNVs were derived from autosomes rather than the X chromosome. Conclusion(s) The present pilot study revealed novel microdeletions/microduplications in women with POF. Two novel microdeletions caused haploinsufficiency for SYCE1 and CPEB1, genes known to cause ovarian failure in knockout mouse models. Chromosomal microarrays may be a useful adjunct to conventional karyotyping when evaluating genomic imbalances in women with POF.
Bringing young women into computing through the NCWIT Aspirations in Computing program

A program to encourage and support girls and women in pursuing their computer science interests.
Effect of radioiodination on the binding of monoclonal antibody DF3 to breast carcinoma cells.

Abstract The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) designated DF3 is an IgG1 prepared against a membrane enriched fraction of human breast carcinoma. MAb DF3 reacts with a family of large molecular weight glycoproteins expressed by 78% of breast cancer cells and 95% of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Binding to the brest cancer cell line, MCF-7, of native MAb DF3 was compared to that of MAb DF3 exposed to different concentrations of Iodogen or Bolton-Hunter reagent. The amount of MAb DF3 required to obtain half-maximal binding ( B 1 2max ) with MCF-7 extract for native MAb DF3 IgG was 180 ng, while the B 1 2max for MAb DF3 IgG exposed to 1 and 10 μg lodogen was 580 ng and 1800 mg, respectively. In contrast, the B 1 2max for MAb DF3 IgG treated with Bolton-Hunter reagent was not different from that for native MAb DF3 IgG. Similar results were obtained with F(ab′)2. Immunoreactive fractions for the 125I-labeled MAb DF3 were 0.13,0.24 and 0.65 for IgG after exposure to 1 μg Iodogen, 10 μg lodogen and Bolton-Hunter, respectively. Immunoreactive fractions for F(ab′)2 were 0.08, 0.08, and 0.53 for 1 and 10 μg Iodogen and Bolton-Hunter reagent, respectively. Association constants (Ka) were significantly higher for MAb DF3 IgG radioiodinated with Bolton-Hunter (3.97 ± 0.38 × 108 M−1) than for IgG exposed to 1 μg lodogen (2.78 ± 0.30 × 108 M−1) or 10 μg Iodogen (1.03 ± 0.12 × 108M−1). Similarly, the Ka ratio observed for the F(ab′)2 radioiodinated with Bolton-Hunter reagent, 1 or 10 μg Iodogen was 22 to 3 to 1. Affinity constants for immunoreactive IgG (Ka(ir)) for the three preparations were similar, ranging from 1.16 ± 0.29 × 109M−1 to 1.33 ± 0.2 × 109M−1. Likewise, the Ka(ir) for the immunoreactive F(ab′)2 ranged from 3.74 ± 0.97 × 108M−1 to 4.74 ± 0.92 × 108M−1.
Tubular ultrafiltration flux prediction for oil-in-water emulsions: analysis of series resistances

Abstract Using the resistance-in-series (RIS) approach to permeate flux modeling, a general relationship between permeate flux, transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity, and feed kinematic viscosity was developed for the tubular ultrafiltration (UF) of synthetic oil-in-water emulsions. The fouling layer resistance, R f , was 63% of the total membrane resistance, R m ′; however, concentration polarization was the predominant factor controlling resistance in the tubular UF system. An explicit form of the resistance index, Φ , was postulated based on the observed interactions between Φ , cross-flow velocity and feed kinematic viscosity and the RIS model was modified to further describe the interactions between permeate flux and operational parameters. The modified model adequately predicted flux–pressure data over the range of experimental variables examined in this study. Additionally, a set point operating pressure was determined as a function of cross-flow velocity and feed viscosity to achieve a balance between polarization and total membrane resistance.
Crystal structure of Apaf-1 caspase recruitment domain: an alpha-helical Greek key fold for apoptotic signaling.

The caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of Apaf-1 binds to the CARD of caspase-9 to trigger a proteolytic cascade that leads to apoptotic cell death. We report the crystal structure of the Apaf-1 CARD at 1. 3 A resolution, solved in a two-element multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) X-ray diffraction experiment. This CARD adopts a six-helix bundle fold with Greek key topology surrounding an extensive hydrophobic core. This fold, which we call the "death fold", is found in other domains that mediate interactions in apoptotic signaling despite very low sequence identity. From a structure-based alignment, we identify conserved patterns that characterize the death fold and its subclasses. Like the Ig-fold, it provides a rigid structural scaffold upon which diverse recognition surfaces are assembled.