cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Personality and Demographic Factors on Attitudes toward Old People

A group of 212 undergraduate and graduate students completed Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People scale (OP) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). Persons scoring higher in the trait of aggression demonstrated significantly more negative attitudes toward the aged. Females, older students, and graduate students all tended to be more positive in their attitudes toward older people. Students majoring in business subjects tended to be more negative toward the elderly, while social work students had the most positive attitudes toward older people.
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) attached to native mussels (Unionidae) or inanimate substrates: Comparison of physiological rates and biochemical composition

ABSTRACT We compared the physiological rates and biochemical composition of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from a riverine population that were attached to unionid mussels (Amblema plicata) or to rocks. Specimens were collected from Lake Pepin, Mississippi River, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Unionid-attached specimens had greater oxygen uptake and ammonia excretion rates than did rock-attached specimens. However, unionid-attached specimens also had lower carbohydrate and lipid contents. Our results indicate that there are physiological costs of attaching to unionids, at least under some circumstances. Interspecific competition for a limited food resource may negatively impact not only the unionids, but the attached dreissenids as well. This conclusion challenges the assumption that dreissenids benefit from attaching to unionid mussels.
An Account of Ruth St. Denis in Europe, 1906–1909

Abstract A complete account of the European success of the American dancer, Ruth St. Denis, has never been written. This article, prepared from original and heretofore untranslated manuscripts, gives a complete account of St. Denis' personal triumph in Europe during the years 1906–1909. St. Denis' spectacular personal success in Europe is shown to have had three important historical results: (1) it helped complete the renaissance of dance started by Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, and Maud Allan, (2) it prepared eager and enormous audiences for whole evenings of pure dance, (3) it foreshadowed the vivid ballet productions of Diaghilev.
Monitoring and Predicting Population Growth of Rhyzopertha dominic a (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Over a Range of Enviromnental Conditions

Population growth of lesser grain borer, Rhyzpertha dominica (F.), in 135-kg lots of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was monitored at 3 grain moisture levels (≈10, 12, and 14%) at each of 3 temperatures (≈22, 27, and 32°C). Over this range of environmental conditions, a published population growth model explained 64–96% of the variation in insect density. Based on published studies and new data collected for developmental times, new equations were developed for egg production and developmental time, and daily adult mortality was estimated. Substituting new equations and mortality rate in the published model improved predictions, increasing by 3–24% the percentage of variation explained. The biggest improvements tended to be at the extreme grain moisture and temperature conditions.
Postscript: Neurophilosophy, Darwinian Naturalism, and Subjectivity

A neurophilosophy of subjectivity is taking shape. “Neurophilosophy” as a trademarked proper name refers to the work of Patricia & Paul Churchland, but there is a whole array of contemporary research in social science and the humanities that may be designated “neurophilosophy” in a more generic sense. Bickle & Mandik (2010) distinguish between neurophilosophy and philosophy of neuroscience. The former is the application of neuroscience to philosophy while the latter concerns foundational issues within the neurosciences, i.e., concepts and methods of neuroscience. This distinction, while perfectly serviceable, is somewhat misleading. A central element of neurophilosophy is the “coevolutionary” approach, which seeks reflective equilibrium between neuroscience and philosophy. This method certainly entails doing some of what Bickle & Mandik label “philosophy of neuroscience” rather than neurophilosophy. I take the term to refer more generally to any work that is concerned with the wider conceptual significance (or lack thereof) of neurobiology for topics related to mind, person and society. Within this wider literature there is great inconsistency, disagreement, and divergence, and so neurophilosophy thus construed does not consist in any unified ontology or methodology. Large-scale currents can be discerned, however, including neurophilosophy proper (philosophy of mind, philosophy of science), neuroethics (moral psychology, meta-ethics, applied ethics), and neurophenomenology (consciousness, subjectivity, and embodiment).1
The H 2 problem for sampled-data systems m for sampled-data systems

In this paper we pose and give a complete solution to an analog of the H2 problem for sampled-data system. We motivate and develop a natural generalization of the H2 cost to periodic systems, which is then applied to the continuous-time closed-loop mapping in a sampled-data control system. It is shown that the cost criterion developed is actually a norm in an space of Hilbert-Schmidt operator valued functions. We give state space solutions to the optimal and suboptimal controllers Synthesis problems in this new norm by establishing an equivalent standard H2 problem.
Mechanisms and Strategies for Tolerance in Liver Transplantation

Although there has been improvement in immunosuppressive therapy in preventing acute rejection following liver transplantation, there is less progress in reducing morbidity and mortality related to immunosuppression. In particular, the use of the current maintenance agents is associated with high rates of chronic kidney disease and metabolic and neoplastic complications. The search for improved treatment algorithms includes trial and error dose minimization or even complete withdrawal; most of which have been attempted with variable success rates. These strategies would be potentially more successful if more were known about long-term immune adaptive mechanisms that occur in response to transplantation. In addition, biomarkers signifying immunoregulation or tolerance, which could more clearly define the capability of withdrawing therapy, are needed to apply a more specific approach to patient management. This review will provide an overview of the mechanisms of liver transplant tolerance and the current and future strategies for immunosuppression withdrawal.
What Do We Know About the Impact of Offshore Investment on the U.S. Economy

In a new study of American opinion, Economic Nationalism and the Future of American Politics, Ruy Teixeira and Guy Molyneux argue that popular anxiety about American economic decline is feeding fears of foreign investment and low-wage imports and focusing Americans’ attention on the link between jobs and trade. According to Teixeira and Molyneux, 67 percent of Americans favor “restricting foreign imports to protect American industry and American jobs,” and 70 percent think foreign investment is “bad” for the United States.1
Ameloblastoma of the maxilla. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of ameloblastoma of the maxilla extending into the maxillary sinus and resembling radiographically a sinus polyp or sinus mucous cyst or a residual odontogenic cyst is presented. The conservative surgical approach to treatment was chosen with minimal facial disfigurement as the main objective.
Procedures and Outcomes in Epilepsy Surgery

Although surgery has risks, there are several reasons to consider it for patients with epilepsy.
Agency of Translation in Globalization and Translocation Dynamics

Reflecting on the notion of globalization and the central role that translation processes and products play in the dynamic of globalized events, the chapter outlines the framework within which chapters in Parts II and III are to be understood. The chapter connects the interdisciplinary nature of the volume with that of translation studies as a field and provides an elaborate description of the different chapters, emphasizing the role of translators as agents of text negotiation and text transformation.
EGSnrc calculation of activity calibration factors for the Vinten ionization chamber.

Abstract The National Physical Laboratory Vinten 671 chamber was selected as a proving ground for a new radionuclide source model in the EGSnrc software. The computational Vinten model is validated against measurements of radionuclide artifacts whose activities were determined by absolute methods. The response of the Vinten chamber is first calculated as a function of gamma energy, but more strikingly, an explicit simulation of radionuclide decay was implemented and now permits the direct determination of a calibration factor, including additional effects due to all decay paths of the radionuclide. The Monte Carlo and experimental calibration factors are found to agree at the percent level, in absolute terms.
Quantitative Analysis: From k-ratio to Composition

A k-ratio is the ratio of a pair of characteristic X-ray line intensities, I, measured under similar experimental conditions for the unknown (unk) and standard (std): $$ k={I}_{unk}/{I}_{std} $$ The measured intensities can be associated with a single characteristic X-ray line (as is typically the case for wavelength spectrometers) or associated with a family of characteristic X-ray lines (as is typically the case for energy dispersive spectrometers.) The numerator of the k-ratio is typically the intensity measured from an unknown sample and the denominator is typically the intensity measured from a standard material—a material of known composition.
Rapid Non-Enzymatic Glycation of the Insulin Receptor under Hyperglycemic Conditions Inhibits Insulin Binding In Vitro: Implications for Insulin Resistance

The causes of insulin resistance are not well-understood in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Insulin (INS) is known to undergo rapid non-enzymatic covalent conjugation to glucose or other sugars (glycation). Because the insulin receptor (IR) has INS-like regions associated with both glucose and INS binding, we hypothesize that hyperglycemic conditions may rapidly glycate the IR, chronically interfering with INS binding. IR peptides were synthesized spanning IR- associated INS-binding regions. Glycation rates of peptides under hyperglycemic conditions were followed over six days using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. INS conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase was used to determine INS binding to IR peptides in glycated and non-glycated forms. Several IR peptides were glycated up to 14% within days of exposure to 20–60 mM glucose. Rates of IR-peptide glycation were comparable to those of insulin. Glycation of four IR peptides significantly inhibits INS binding to them. Glycation of intact IR also decreases INS binding by about a third, although it was not possible to confirm the glycation sites on the intact IR. Glycation of the IR may therefore provide a mechanism by which INS resistance develops in diabetes. Demonstration of glycation of intact IR in vivo is needed.
Abstract 14999: Functional Assessment of Community-Based Automated External Defibrillators

Introduction: The use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) coupled with bystander CPR has been shown to significantly improve mortality for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, ongoing m...
Coherent addition of high power broad-area laser diodes with a compact VBG V-shaped external Talbot cavity

Abstract We introduced a compact V-shaped external Talbot cavity for phase locking of high power broad-area laser diodes. The length of compact cavity is ∼ 25 mm. Near diffraction-limit coherent addition of 10 broad-area laser diodes indicated that high quality phase locking was achieved. We measured the near-field emission mode of each individual broad-area laser diode with different feedback, such as a volume Bragg grating and a high reflection mirror. We found out that the best result of phase locking broad-area laser diodes was achieved by the compact V-shaped external Talbot cavity with volume Bragg grating feedback.
Simultaneous Treatment of Epilepsy and Secondary Dystonia After Anterior Temporal Lobectomy and Amygdalohippocampectomy.

Background The relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy and focal limb dystonia is a well-recognized phenomenon, yet its pathogenesis and anatomic foundation are not well understood. Here, we describe 2 patients with refractory focal epilepsy and contralateral focal limb dystonia whose seizures and dystonic symptoms simultaneously resolved after anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy. Case Description We identified 2 patients within the Mount Sinai Health system with improvement in dystonia after medial temporal lobectomy. Retrospective chart reviews for the clinical history were performed. Patient 1 suffered a traumatic injury of the right temporal lobe, developing left hemidystonia and epilepsy. He received a right amygdala-hippocampectomy, which resolved both. Patient 2 has a history of right temporal glioma resection complicated by an infarct, resulting in left hemidystonia and epilepsy. He received a right medial temporal resection, which nearly resolved both. Conclusion Our cases demonstrate a medial temporal-basal ganglia network dysfunction in dystonia-epilepsy that was modulated and cured by resective surgery. We hypothesize that the mechanisms behind these observed phenomena were due to a pathologic connectivity of the basal ganglia and amygdala-hippocampus. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of dystonia and concomitant epilepsy resolving with temporal lobectomy and provide valuable prognostic information for similarly affected patients.
Native granivores reduce the establishment of native grasses but not invasive Bromus tectorum

Seed predation can structure plant communities by imposing strong population controls on some species but not others. In this context, studies from various ecosystems report that native granivores selectively forage for seeds from native species over seeds from exotic invaders, which could disproportionately favor the establishment of invaders and facilitate their dominance in communities. However, few studies have connected selective foraging for native seeds to differential patterns of establishment among native and invasive species. Thus, the extent to which preferential foraging for native seeds favors the establishment of invasive plants is unclear. Here, we used experimental seed additions and exclosure treatments at five field sites distributed across ≈ 80,000 km2 of the Great Basin Desert, USA to compare the effects of rodent foraging on the establishment of less-preferred cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum—an annual species native to Eurasia that is exotic and highly invasive across the Great Basin) and four species of more-preferred native grasses that commonly co-occur with cheatgrass. Rodent foraging reduced the establishment of each native species by at least 80% but had no effect on the establishment of cheatgrass, and this finding was consistent across study sites. Our results suggest that selective foraging for native species may favor the establishment of cheatgrass over native grasses, potentially exacerbating one of the most extensive plant invasions in North America.
Retrofitting using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for blast protection of buildings

Abstract: This chapter discusses the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite retrofits for blast loading. The chapter reviews the history of fiber-reinforced polymer composite retrofit application for out-of-plane loadings, blast tests using FRP retrofits and notes on the analysis of FRP strengthened (retrofitted) structures. It then covers connection systems and equivalent single degree of freedom analysis. The chapter also presents a short section of resources for the use of FRP composites.
Functional Specialization in the Motor Unit Population of Cat Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle

The population of motor units making up the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in the cat has been studied as a representative example of a very heterogeneous motor pool. The wide range in physiological and histochemical characteristics of MG muscle units, and the details of their interrelation, suggest that the different motor unit types in the population are specialized for particular functions and particular patterns of activity. However, it is clear that the functional activity of a given muscle unit is controlled by the properties of its innervating motoneurone, and by the organization of synaptic input to that cell. In order to provide a clear picture of the motor unit pool in a heterogeneous muscle, it is thus necessary to study in detail the interrelations between motoneurone and muscle unit. The evidence presently available from such studies indicates that the properties intrinsic to MG motoneurones, and the spatial and functional organization of synaptic input to them, are quite consistent with the patterns of functional usage for which the different types of muscle units seem best suited. For example, type S muscle units are slowly-contracting and extremely resistant to fatigue, the latter associated with their high oxidative enzyme capacity.
Broken Borders, Broken Laws: Aligning Crime and Punishment Under Section 2L1.1(b)(7) of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines

Despite the intensifying militarization of the United States’ borders, roughly 4,000 undocumented immigrants attempt to cross into the U.S. each day. Increased border security has not stopped the flow; rather, it has diverted migrants’ journeys into the most perilous stretches of borderlands and coastlines. In response, migrants increasingly rely on human smugglers to guide them across the border, even in the face of the wellknown risks of injury and death. Under section 2L1.1(b)(7) of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, defendants convicted of smuggling illegal immigrants are subject to a sentence enhancement for any bodily injury or death that occurs. The Guidelines are silent as to the issue of causation, however. As a result, circuits are split over what causal connection section 2L1.1(b)(7) requires between the defendant’s conduct and the resulting harm. This Note discusses the continuing importance of the Guidelines in the post-Booker era, and examines the circuits’ differing interpretations of section 2L1.1(b)(7). This Note concludes that a section 2L1.1(b)(7) enhancement is predicated on only a loose causal connection to the defendant’s overall criminal conduct. It advocates for an amendment to the Guidelines that would require a section 2L1.1(b)(7) enhancement to be contingent on a finding that the defendant recklessly or intentionally created a serious risk of bodily harm. Further, this Note proposes that, even before the Sentencing Commission enacts a formal amendment, judges should exercise their post-Booker sentencing discretion to require a causal connection that will best achieve the goals of retribution and deterrence.
Advanced Java networking (2nd ed.)

Super-charged network solutions for experienced Java professionals, updated to Java 2 Create powerful client/server applications with RMI Use IDL to build CORBA applications that work with legacy systems Interface with databases using JDBC and SQL Completely updated from the best-selling first edition The latest in Java: JDBC, JINI, JMAPI, IDL, and CORBA Up-to-date networking: TCP/IP, RMI, sockets Application servers, Web servers, and servlets Directory Services, LDAP, and JNDI Advances in Java securityJava remains the language of choice for building Internet and networked applications. In this completely updated second edition of the 1997 best seller, Dick Steflik and Prashant Sridharan bring you tips on the hottest new developments in Java and its family of technologies. For seasoned programmers who need to stay current on Java for network applications, this is the book with the answers.Java is the first programming language created with the Internet in mind, and this book shows you how it optimizes networked applications with such architectural elements as multithreading, serialization, and I/O. Step-by-step implementations take you through the creation of Java solutions for client/server and Internet environments, using the latest releases of each API. Advanced Java Networking, Second Edition gives you the newest techniques to use with: Servlets for dynamic Web content JavaBeans to create plug-and-play software components JMAPI for centralized management of Java objectsIf you are a manager considering networked Java applications, you will find everything you need to understand the scope and possibilities of the project. If you are a professional Java software developer or engineer, you can't afford to miss the essential resources in Advanced Java Networking, Second Edition.About the CD-ROMFree CD is packed with live sample code to get you up to speed fast.
Infections Complicating Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiac Devices

Innovations in surgical techniques and medical technology have allowed for the improved survival and quality of life of children with complex congenital heart disease as well as those with arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. With increased interventions to aid these children comes the potential for risk of complex infections associated with surgery and implantation of devices and hardware. The management of such infections is often challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach including infectious diseases specialists, cardiologists, and surgeons. This chapter briefly reviews surgical site infections, including mediastinitis, in children undergoing cardiothoracic surgery as well as infections complicating cardiac implantable electronic devices and ventricular assist devices.
Island Biogeography of Cryoconite Hole Bacteria in Antarctica's Taylor Valley and Around the World

Cryoconite holes are holes in a glacier’s surface caused by sediment melting into the glacier. These holes are self-contained ecosystems that include abundant bacterial life within their sediment and liquid water, and have recently gained the attention of microbial ecologists looking to use cryoconite holes as “natural microcosms” to study microbial community assembly. Here, we explore the idea that cryoconite holes can be viewed as “islands”, in the same sense that an island in the ocean is an area of habitat surrounded by a barrier to entry. In the case of a classic oceanic island, the ocean is a barrier between islands, but in the case of cryoconite holes, the ocean is comprised of impermeable solid ice. We test two hypotheses, born out of island biogeographic theory, that can be readily applied to cryoconite hole bacteria. First, we ask to what extent the size of a cryoconite hole is related to the amount of bacterial diversity found within it. Second, we ask to what extent cryoconite holes exhibit distance decay of similarity, meaning that geographically close holes are expected to harbor similar bacterial communities, and distant holes are expected to harbor more different bacterial communities. To test the island size hypothesis, we measured the sizes of cryoconite holes on three glaciers in Antarctica’s Taylor Valley and used DNA sequencing to measure diversity of bacterial communities within them. We found that for two of these glaciers, there is a strong relationship between hole size and bacterial phylogenetic diversity, supporting the idea that cryoconite holes on those glaciers are “islands.” The high biomass dispersing to the third glacier we measured could explain the lack of size-diversity relationship, remaining consistent with island biogeography. To test the distance decay of similarity hypothesis, we used DNA sequence data from several previous studies of cryoconite hole bacteria from across the world. Combined with our Taylor Valley data, those data showed that cryoconite holes have strong spatial structuring at scales of one to several hundred kilometers, also supporting the idea that these dirty holes on glaciers are really islands in the cryosphere.
Literacy Assessment and Intervention for Classroom Teachers

The fifth edition of this comprehensive resource helps future and practicing teachers recognize and assess literacy problems, while providing practical, effective intervention strategies to help every student succeed. DeVries thoroughly explores the major components of literacy, offering an overview of pertinent research, suggested methods and tools for diagnosis and assessment, intervention strategies and activities, and technology applications to increase students' skills. Updated to reflect the needs of teachers in increasingly diverse classrooms, the fifth edition addresses scaffolding for English language learners, and offers appropriate instructional strategies and tailored teaching ideas to help both teachers and their students. Several valuable appendices include assessment tools, instructions and visuals for creating and implementing the book's more than 150 instructional strategies and activities, and other resources. New to the Fifth Edition: Up-to-date and in line with ILA, CCSS, and most state and district literacy standards, this edition also addresses the important shifts and evolution of these standards. New chapter on Language Development, Speaking, and Listening covers early literacy, assessment, and interventions. New intervention strategies and activities are featured in all chapters and highlight a stronger technology component. Updated Companion Website with additional tools, resources, and examples of teachers using assessment strategies.
Site-specific intestinal DMT1 silencing to mitigate iron absorption using pH-sensitive multi-compartmental nanoparticulate oral delivery system

Iron is a nutrient metal, but excess iron promotes tissue damage. Since iron chelation therapies exhibit multiple off-target toxicities, there is a substantial demand for more specific approaches to decrease iron burden in iron overload. While the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) plays a well-established role in the absorption of dietary iron, up-regulation of intestinal DMT1 is associated with iron overload in both humans and rodents. Hence, we developed a novel pH-sensitive multi-compartmental particulate (MCP) oral delivery system that encapsulates DMT1 siRNA and validated its efficacy in mice. Using the gelatin NPs coated with Eudragit® L100-55, we demonstrated that DMT1 siRNA-loaded MCPs down-regulated DMT1 mRNA levels in the duodenum, which was consistent with decreased intestinal absorption of orally-administered 59Fe. Together, the Eudragit® L100-55-based oral siRNA delivery system could provide an effective strategy to specifically down-regulate duodenal DMT1 and mitigate iron absorption.
An insight into the corrosion of alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses in acidic environments.

The majority of the literature on glass corrosion focuses on understanding the dissolution kinetics and mechanisms of silicate glass chemistries in the neutral-to-alkaline aqueous regime owing to its relevance in the fields of nuclear waste immobilization and biomaterials. However, understanding the corrosion of silicate-based glass chemistries over a broad composition space in the acidic pH regime is essential for glass packaging and touch screen electronic display industries. A thorough literature review on this topic reveals only a handful of studies that discuss acid corrosion of silicate glasses and their derivatives—these include only a narrow set of silicate-based glass chemistries. Although the current literature successfully explains the dissolution kinetics of glasses based upon classically understood aqueous corrosion mechanisms, more recent advancements in atomic-scale characterization techniques, have enabled a better understanding of reactions taking place directly at the pristine glass–fluid interface which has facilitated the development of a unifying model describing corrosion behavior of silicate glasses. Based on the corrosion mechanisms described and the questions raised in preceding literature, the present study focuses on understanding the corrosion mechanisms governing metaluminous (Na/Al = 1) sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses in acidic environments across a wide composition-space (ranging from SiO2-rich to B2O3-rich compositions), with particular emphasis on understanding the reactions taking place near the glass–fluid interface. Using state-of-the-art characterization techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), it has been shown that stepwise B2O3 substitutions into nepheline (NaAlSiO4) glass, although causing non-linear changes in glass structure network structural features, leads to strikingly linear increases in the forward dissolution rate at pH = 2. While the glasses undergo congruent dissolution in the forward rate regime, the residual rate regime displays evidence of preferential extraction near the glass surface (i.e., enrichment in aluminum content upon corrosion through AlO4 → Al(OH)3 evolution) implying that dissolution–re-precipitation processes may occur at the glass–fluid interface in both B2O3-rich and SiO2-rich glass compositions—albeit with vastly dissimilar reaction kinetics.
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF ANTIFERROMAGNETISM IN UO$sub 2$

Antiferromagnetism in U${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been investigated in a detailed single-crystal neutron-diffraction study. Work on this material was prompted by a general interest in unpaired $5f$ and $6d$ electron distributions for different valence states of uranium in simple compounds. The form factor determined in the present case indicates a $5{f}^{2}$ electronic configuration with an effective moment slightly less than $1.8{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for the ${\mathrm{U}}^{4+}$ ion. The magnetic ordering of the first kind, reported earlier by Henshaw and Brockhouse, is confirmed, but their proposed [111] orientation for the magnetization axis is not. The axis is found to be within the alternating ferromagnetic sheets. In the course of the diffraction study it was found that the paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition is an unusually sharp one, especially for such a simple magnetic system. Accordingly, the temperature dependence of magnetic neutron intensities was investigated through the N\'eel point. From the sharpness of the transition (50% of the magnetization is established within 0.03\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} below the N\'eel temperature), and the absence of a critical scattering peak, it is concluded that the transition is of the first order.
Efficacy of Arthroscopic Arthrolysis in the Treatment of Arthrofibrosis: A Systematic Review.

Stiffness after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains a clinical challenge for health care professionals. Historically, arthroscopic arthrolysis is a treatment modality that has been reserved for patients that have failed other conservative modalities, including manipulation under anesthesia. However, a systematic review of the literature evaluating the clinical efficacy and complications of arthroscopic arthrolysis for stiffness after TKA has not been performed. A systematic review of medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) was undertaken for articles published from January 1980 to October 2018. A descriptive and critical analysis of the results was performed. From 1,326 studies, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 160 patients who underwent arthroscopic arthrolysis for arthrofibrosis following TKA were included for analysis. The quality of the evidence for the included studies ranged between moderate and high. Overall, patients had significant increased range of motion and flexion by 32.5 and 26.7 degrees, respectively following arthroscopic arthrolysis. Functional outcome scores also significantly improved for patients who underwent arthroscopic arthrolysis after TKA. Arthroscopic arthrolysis is an efficacious modality for treatment of stiffness following TKA. The greatest benefit is seen among patients that present with significant loss of flexion. Arthroscopic arthrolysis should be reserved for patients that have previously failed more conservative modalities.
Neurogenic Bowel: Traditional Approaches and Clinical Pearls

To describe management options used for neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Approach to treatment for NBD in SCI is primarily derived from traditional approaches and historical guidelines. Large formal randomized control trials and recent high-quality studies on NBD management are sparse. Advances in SCI research are transitioning focus to emerging technologies as well as addressing quality of life (QOL). Recent literature suggests that ongoing challenges remain in NBD management as it pertains to QOL, social activities, and life participation. The current and traditional approaches to NBD have led to relative success in maintaining continence and minimizing associated complications in the SCI population. Management should remain rooted in identifying patient goals and working toward improving QOL. As newer practices emerge, providers should continue to critically review existing and novel recommendations for NBD management.
Variability of precipitation areal reduction factors in the conterminous United States

Abstract Many hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) engineering applications require spatial rainfall distribution over a watershed, but point precipitation frequency estimates, such as those provided by NOAA Atlas 14, are only applicable for relatively small areas. For larger areas, areal reduction factors (ARFs) are commonly used to transform a point precipitation frequency estimate of a given duration and frequency to a corresponding areal estimate. The most common source of ARFs for the United States is Technical Paper 29 (TP-29), published in 1958, although there have been significant increases in record length and types of available data and several new methods for computing ARFs have been proposed over the last several decades. This study applied up-to-date precipitation data products and analysis methods with a watershed-based approach to investigate factors that affect ARF variabilities, and to compare ARFs across multiple US hydrologic regions. Our overall findings are in line with other recent studies showing that ARFs decrease with increasing area, increase with increasing duration, and decrease with increasing return period. In particular, we found a strong geographical variability across different US hydrologic regions, suggesting that ARF are specific to regional climate patterns and geographical characteristics and should not be applied arbitrarily to other locations. The results also reveal the importance of record length, especially for long return period ARFs. The study demonstrates the need to improve ARFs with new data and methods to support more reliable areal precipitation frequency estimates for H&H applications.
Poland VS. Portugal - Comparison

: Starting with a succinct description of both countries, this piece aims to compare both similar and different aspects between Portugal and Poland: analyzing these countries’ economy, demography, and views on emigration. At first, there does not seem to be much in common, but such an observation is invalidated when comparing the countries’ cuisines, climate, and culture. The last matter seems to truly dissipate any divergence between countries: the cultural impact of football.
Restoring Rivers and Streams

Increasingly, management agencies are attempting to reverse degradation to rivers through ecosystem restoration, whereby efforts are made to remediate, improve or return degraded rivers back to their historic form and function. River restoration has become a booming industry throughout the developed world, with a wide variety of methods currently employed. Common activities include: reshaping channels back to historic or reference dimensions, planting riparian vegetation, and constructing high-quality habitat for fish. The goals driving these restoration projects are also diverse, ranging from improving water quality to achieving improved aesthetic and recreational benefits. Restoration efforts may improve local conditions by reducing bank erosion, reducing stream temperatures and increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, but to date there has been little empirical evidence for catchment-scale improvements in water quality, aquatic biodiversity, or recovery of sensitive aquatic taxa. Key Concepts: River restoration: The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. Rehabilitation: The act of restoration to an improved or former condition. Compensatory mitigation: Creation, restoration, enhancement or preservation of a river, stream and/or wetland designed to offset permitted losses of ecosystem function. Natural channel design: Restoration of the dimension, pattern and profile of a disturbed river system by emulating the natural, stable river. Meander: Curvature of stream channels, measured as high levels of sinuosity (S shape). Floodplain: Flat area adjacent to rivers that is subject to erosion and deposition due to flooding outside of the channel. Riparian forest: Vegetation alongside a river channel that provides important services to rivers such as shades, organic material inputs, sediments and nutrient retentions. Keywords: river restoration; stream restoration; ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; mitigation
Parlists - A Generalization of Powerlists

ParList appears to be an appropriate generalization of the powerlist notation. The powerlist examples presented above had straightgforward extensions to the ParList algebra. The set of shred axioms makes it possible to reuse proofs of properties of the corresponding powerlist functions when proving the same properties of ParList functions.
Inexact Newton methods and the method of lines for solving Richards' equation in two space dimensions

Richards' equation (RE) is often used to model flow in unsaturated porous media. This model captures physical effects, such as sharp fronts in fluid pressures and saturations, which are present in more complex models of multiphase flow. The numerical solution of RE is difficult not only because of these physical effects but also because of the mathematical problems that arise in dealing with the nonlinearities. The method of lines has been shown to be very effective for solving RE in one space dimension. When solving RE in two space dimensions, direct methods for solving the linearized problem for the Newton step are impractical. In this work, we show how the method of lines and Newton-iterative methods, which solve linear equations with iterative methods, can be applied to RE in two space dimensions. We present theoretical results on convergence and use that theory to design an adaptive method for computation of the linear tolerance. Numerical results show the method to be effective and robust compared with an existing approach.
Scaling reinforcement learning algorithms by learning variable temporal resolution models

The close connection between reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms and dynamic programming algorithms has fueled research on RL within the machine learning community. Yet, despite increased theoretical understanding, RL algorithms remain applicable to simple tasks only. In this paper I use the abstract framework afforded by the connection to dynamic programming to discuss the scaling issues faced by RL researchers. I focus on learning agents that have to learn to solve multiple structured RL tasks in the same environment. I propose learning abstract environment models where the abstract actions represent “intentions” of achieving a particular state. Such models are variable temporal resolution models because in different parts of the state space the abstract actions span different number of time steps. The operational definitions of abstract actions can be learned incrementally using repeated experience at solving RL tasks. I prove that under certain conditions solutions to new RL tasks can be found by using simulated experience with abstract actions alone.
Evidence on the amenity value of wetlands in a rural setting

This study uses a hedonic property price method to estimate how wetlands affect residential property values in a rural area. The study utilizes wetland inventory data coupled with extensive property sales records between January 2000 and September 2004 from Carteret County, NC. Our results indicate that i) a higher wetland percentage within a quarter mile of a property, ii) closer proximity to the nearest wetland, and iii) larger size of the nearest wetland are associated with lower residential property values. These results contrast with previous hedonic studies that use data from urban areas, which found positive associations between wetlands and property values. The amenity value of wetlands appears to depend at least as much on the characteristics of the area being considered as it does on the characteristics of the wetlands.
On the Regrettable Decline of Law French: Or Shapiro Jettet Le Brickbat

Whenever a distinguished scholar prescribes a new scholarly endeavor, we must imagine it as practiced not by him alone but by the academic multitudes and thus in its most vulgarized form. What follows is unashamedly worst-case analysis, but-present precincts excepted of course-the worst case is often enough the real case. It may be particularly unfair to subject Professor Stone's paper to this sort of analysis, in part because his own past work is in such excellent contrast to the tendencies I am about to denounce and in part because he himself sees the dangers and repeatedly warns against them. Against such considerations, however, must be counterbalanced the finding of so many of the participants in this symposium that, no matter what the signals offered by the intellectual leadership, the bulk of legal scholarship continues to focus on routine doctrinal analysis. Perhaps a handful of particularly subtle minds will be able to practice the sensitivity to language for which Professor Stone calls without falling into arid self-contemplation, but I am more concerned with the place his paper will take in the overall movement of academic legal writing. Professor Stone's call for "law as a language" may well be the first trumpet call of an essentially reactionary movement in legal scholarship, a retreat into the bowels of law from the various law and movements. Lawyers see the stream of law and sociology, law and politics, law and economics, law and psychology as fragmenting their scholarly core and corps. They do not want to bother mastering one and after another. They may not see great payoffs in the past ands. Here they are wrong, but the payoffs often have not been as great as the pioneering zealots have promised. In some instances, such as law and politics, the internalization of the and has been so great that the legal scholars have almost forgotten that it was an alien force they were absorbing.'
Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic

The trouble with modal logic, according to its critics, is quantification into modal contexts—i.e. de re modality. For on the basis of such quantification, it is claimed, essentialism ensues, and perhaps a bloated universe of possibilia as well. The essentialism is avoidable, these critics will agree, but only by turning to a Platonic realm of individual concepts whose existence is no less dubious or problematic than mere possibilia. Moreover, basing one’s semantics on individual concepts, it is claimed, would in effect render all identity statements containing only proper names either necessarily true or necessarily false i.e. there would then be no contingent identity statements containing only proper names.
Performativities in Brief einer Unbekannten

Stefan Zweig's novella Brief einer Unbekannten continues to draw critical and popular interest for its intriguing contents. The article explores the performativities relating to social status and then discusses its culturally and cinematically distinct representations in the Hollywood adaptation by Max Ophuls (1948) and the film by Chinese director Xu Jinglei (2004). This approach suggests that the novella consists of two interwoven narrative threads, one devoted to the theme of unrequited love and the other to the development of Aladdin's “rags to riches” motif linked to the performativities of social status. The challenge for a film adaptation is the creation of a visual representation that will retain the impassioned voice speaking from the written text. Ophuls shifts the narrative and performativities toward a melodramatic romance with an ending that plays into the practical expectations of Hollywood. Xu is concerned not with the relief from an emotional condition but with feudal mentalities.1
Computational molecular basis for improved silica surface complexation models

The acidity and reactivity of surface sites on amorphous and crystalline polymorphs of silica and other oxides control their thermodynamic stability and kinetic reactivity towards reactants in surface-controlled processes of environmental, industrial, biomedical and technological relevance. Recent advances in computational methodologies such as CPMD and increasing computer power combined with spectroscopic measurements are now making it possible to link, with an impressive degree of accuracy, the molecular-level description of these processes to phenomenological, surface complexation models The future challenge now lies in linking mesoscale properties at the nanometer scale to phenomenological models that will afford a more intuitive understanding of the systems under consideration.
Improving the performance of OpenMP by array privatization

The scalability of an OpenMP program in a ccNUMA system with a large number of processors suffers from remote memory accesses, cache misses and false sharing. Good data locality is needed to overcome these problems whereas OpenMP offers limited capabilities to control it on ccNUMA architecture. A so-called SPMD style OpenMP program can achieve data locality by means of array privatization, and this approach has shown good performance in previous research. It is hard to write SPMD OpenMP code; therefore we are building a tool to relieve users from this task by automatically converting OpenMP programs into equivalent SPMD style OpenMP. We show the process of the translation by considering how to modify array declarations, parallel loops, and showing how to handle a variety of OpenMP constructs including REDUCTION, ORDERED clauses and synchronization. We are currently implementing these translations in an interactive tool based on the Open64 compiler.
The trade‐off between flood‐ and shade‐tolerance: A mortality episode in Carpinus caroliniana in a floodplain forest, Texas

Abstract Question: Is a rapid decline in abundance of a dominant species in a bottomland hardwood forest evidence for a trade-off between flood-and shade-tolerance? Location: Bottomland hardwood forest in east Texas, USA. Methods: We used 23 years of data on marked individuals to examine abundance, mortality, recruitment and growth of trees before and after a long growing season flood. Results: A decline of 47% in abundance and 49% in basal area of Carpinus caroliniana (Betulaceae) occurred between 1989 and 1994 in a bottomland hardwood forest following a long summer flood. Other major species showed little change in abundance or basal area. The Carpinus decline was greater at low elevations suggesting the importance of flooding. Carpinus is rated among the least flood-tolerant species in the system. It differs from other species of similar flood tolerance in adult stature (midstory) and shade tolerance (tolerant). Conclusions: The trade-off between flood tolerance and shade tolerance can influence dynami...