cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wafer level and flip chip design through solder prediction models and validation

In flip chip package applications, bumped dies are flip-chip assembled to substrate metal pads creating joints that serve electrically and mechanically. Resulting solder joint profiles are defined by the solder bump volume, the under bump metallurgy (LTBM) area, and the substrate metal pad size and shape. Solder bump height and diameter was predicted by the geometrical truncated sphere model and surface evolver model at the wafer level, using the known solder volume deposited by stencil printing method. The surface evolver model was used to predict the assembled solder joint height, gap height, collapse height, and maximum bump diameter of flip chip assemblies. In turn, substrate pads were fine-tuned to achieve required gap heights. Collapse heights provided the means to develop assembly tolerances and relative risk of bridging was determined from knowledge of resulting bump diameters. Through validated design of the stencil printing technology and prediction of realistic bump and assembly solder geometries, the results are improved processes and die level design and assembly. Optimized design parameters are incorporated and accurately represented in simulation and experimentally validated with assemblies.
Differential Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity for Breast Tumors With “BRCAness”: A Review

BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations predispose to cancer development, primarily through their loss of role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. They play a key role in homologous recombination repair, which is a conservative, error-free DNA repair mechanism. When mutated, other alternative, error-prone mechanisms for DNA repair take over, leading to genomic instability. Somatic mutations are rare in sporadic breast tumors, but expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can be downregulated in other mechanistic ways. These tumors have similar features in terms of their phenotypic and genotypic profiles, which are normally regulated by these genes, and mutations lead to defective DNA repair capacity, called "BRCAness." Attempts have been made to exploit this differentially expressed feature between tumors and normal tissues by treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapy agents. Cells with this functional BRCA deficiency should be selectively susceptible to DNA-damaging drugs. Preclinical and early clinical (primarily retrospective) evidence supports this approach. In contrast, there is emerging evidence of relative resistance of tumors containing BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (or BRCAness) to taxanes. In this review, we summarize the data supporting differential chemotherapeutic sensitivity on the basis of defective DNA repair. If confirmed with available, clinically applicable techniques, this differential chemosensitivity could lead to treatment choices in breast cancer that have a more individualized biologic basis.
Asbestos Fibre Concentrations in the Lungs of Brake Workers: Another Look

Objective: To reanalyse data on the lung content of asbestos fibres among brake mechanics. Methods: I re-analysed data published by Butnor, Roggli and colleagues on the lung content of chrysotile and tremolite asbestos fibres among brake mechanics and controls. Statistics of the distributions were estimated by maximum likelihood to accommodate observations below the detection limit. Mean concentrations were compared by the t-test, bootstrap resampling and interval-censored survival methods. Results: The mean concentrations of fibres were higher among the brake workers than the controls. The concentration of tremolite fibres was higher than the concentration of chrysotile, a pattern similar to that observed among Quebec chrysotile miners and millers. Conclusions: Re-analysis of published data does not support the interpretation that, in automotive brake repair workers with malignant mesothelioma, asbestos content is within the normal range. The alternative interpretation that brake mechanics have a greater than background burden of asbestos fibres, attributable to occupational exposure to dusts from friction products manufactured from Canadian chrysotile, appears more credible. This asbestos burden might be associated with an increased risk of asbestos-associated cancers.
Conformational Analysis of Some Dichloroalkanes

Abstract Molecular mechanics calculations were made for 1,1-dichlorobutane, 2,2-dichlorobutane, and 1,2-dichloro-2-methylpropane in order to compare the results with conclusions obtained from vibrational spectra concerning the conformational behavior of these compounds. Calculations were also made for 1,2-dichloro-2-methylbutane, although vibrational spectra are not available for this compound. The structures and relative energies of the most abundant conformers are given.
On Deconstructing Commentaries Regarding Alternative Theories of Self-Regulation

The present commentary addresses issues raised in four replies to my editorial on the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy (Bandura, 2012). In my comments on the paper by Jackson, Hill, and Roberts (2012), I discuss the arbitrary nature of “disposition” and question whether an essentially atheoretical computer-structured inventory based on a mixture of superficially assessed habitual behaviors constitutes a theory of personality. In another set of comments, which speak to the paper by Vancouver (2012), I identify two major flaws in Powers’ (1991) perceptual control theory and document experimental compromises in Vancouver’s efforts to demonstrate that goals and self-efficacy operate counteractively. My comments on the Yeo and Neal (2013) paper center on their unsuccessful efforts to explain and verify the proposition that general and specific self-efficacy work at cross-purposes. In response to Bledow’s (2013) entry, I address the conceptual ambiguity of his theory of unconscious self-motivati...
Beyond the Battlegrounds? Electoral College Strategies in the 2008 Presidential Election

A great deal of popular commentary during the 2008 presidential election focused on the expansiveness of Barack Obama's campaign. He seemed to be not simply competing in the battleground states that defined the Bush elections but also aggressively contesting traditional Republican strongholds. We examine the particulars of both the Obama and McCain strategies for amassing Electoral College majorities, comparing them with those of other recent campaigns. We also estimate the extent to which the campaigns allocated their resources—television advertising dollars and visits from the candidates—in accord with these plans. Contrary to our initial expectation, the data suggest that Obama pursued a “mixed” strategy, one not all that different from the strategy adopted by Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. In addition, there is overwhelming evidence that both Obama and McCain were careful to allocate resources in those states deemed most important to winning in the Electoral College.
Preparation of Boron Nitride Films by Rf Reactive Sputtering

Boron nitride films were deposited by rf reactive sputtering. The composition of the film was determined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS). Optical properties of boron nitride were studied by IR spectroscopy. Resultant films showed optical characteristics similar to those of hexagonal boron nitride. The ratio of boron to nitrogen was varied from 3.11 to 1.45 by varying the amount of nitrogen. Resulting films have refractive index in the range of 2.05–3.21.
Scarlet-Rz1, an EMS-generated hexaploid wheat with tolerance to the soilborne necrotrophic pathogens Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae

The necrotrophic root pathogens Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae cause Rhizoctonia root rot and damping-off, yield-limiting diseases that pose barriers to the adoption of conservation tillage in wheat production systems. Existing control practices are only partially effective, and natural genetic resistance to Rhizoctonia has not been identified in wheat or its close relatives. We report the first genetic resistance/tolerance to R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) germplasm ‘Scarlet-Rz1’. Scarlet-Rz1 was derived from the allohexaploid spring wheat cultivar Scarlet using EMS mutagenesis. Tolerant seedlings displayed substantial root and shoot growth after 14 days in the presence of 100–400 propagules per gram soil of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae in greenhouse assays. BC2F4 individuals of Scarlet-Rz1 showed a high and consistent degree of tolerance. Seedling tolerance was transmissible and appeared to be dominant or co-dominant. Scarlet-Rz1 is a promising genetic resource for developing Rhizoctonia-tolerant wheat cultivars because the tolerance trait immediately can be deployed into wheat breeding germplasm through cross-hybridization, thereby avoiding difficulties with transfer from secondary or tertiary relatives as well as constraints associated with genetically modified plants. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of chemical mutagenesis for generating tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens in allohexaploid wheat.
Review of Common Occupational Hazards and Safety Concerns for Nuclear Medicine Technologists

The purpose of this article is to address common occupational hazards and safety concerns of nuclear medicine technologists. There are many possible occupational hazards, but this review is intended to concentrate on common hazards and safety concerns. These include radiation safety issues and concerns about the possibility of developing latent diseases, such as eye cataracts or cancer; pregnant workers and radiation safety issues; biohazard concerns associated with patient body fluids; possible low-back pain from moving heavy equipment and performing patient transfers; and possible repetitive trauma disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, from computer work. Suggestions are made regarding how to identify potential hazards and avoid them. After reading this article, nuclear medicine technologists should be able to explain the importance of the as-low-as-reasonably-achievable concept, discuss the possible effects of ionizing radiation on the adult and the developing fetus, list several basic principles to avoid injury to the back, list and describe the more common repetitive trauma disorders or injuries and how to avoid them, and list and describe the biohazard safety issues that nuclear medicine technologists face and how to develop policy to minimize exposure risk.
Microstructural investigation of gas shales in two and three dimensions using nanometer-scale resolution imaging

The microstructure of gas shale samples from nine different formations has been investigated using a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) milling and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Backscattered electron (BSE) images of FIB cross sectioned shale surfaces show a complex microstructure with variations observed among the formations. Energy dispersive spectroscopy of the shale cross sections indicates that clay, carbonate, quartz, pyrite, and kerogen are the most prevalent components. In the BSE images, areas of kerogen are observed interspersed with the inorganic grains. Pores are observed in both the kerogen and inorganic matrix with the size, shape, and number of pores varying among the shale samples. By using FIB milling and SEM imaging sequentially and repetitively, three-dimensional (3-D) data sets of SEM images have been generated for each of the shale samples. Three-dimensional volumes of the shales are reconstructed from these images. By setting thresholds on the gray scale, the kerogen and pore networks are segmented out and visualized in the reconstructed shale volumes. Estimates of kerogen and pore volume percentages of the reconstructed shale volumes have been made and range from 0 to 90.0% for the kerogen and 0.2 to 2.3% for pores. Estimates of pore-size distributions suggest that although pores with radii of approximately 3 nm dominate in number, they do not necessarily dominate in total volumetric contribution. Scanning electron microscopy images and 3-D reconstructions reinforce the facts that shales are quite different and that their microstructures are highly variable and complex.
Xengine: a fast and scalable XACML policy evaluation engine

XACML has become the de facto standard for specifying access control policies for various applications, especially web services. With the explosive growth of web applications deployed on the Internet, XACML policies grow rapidly in size and complexity, which leads to longer request processing time. This paper concerns the performance of request processing, which is a critical issue and so far has been overlooked by the research community. In this paper, we propose XEngine, a scheme for efficient XACML policy evaluation. XEngine first converts a textual XACML policy to a numerical policy. Second, it converts a numerical policy with complex structures to a numerical policy with a normalized structure. Third, it converts the normalized numerical policy to tree data structures for efficient processing of requests. To evaluate the performance of XEngine, we conducted extensive experiments on both real-life and synthetic XACML policies. The experimental results show that XEngine is orders of magnitude more efficient than Sun PDP, and the performance difference between XEngine and Sun PDP grows almost linearly with the number of rules in XACML policies. For XACML policies of small sizes (with hundreds of rules), XEngine is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the widely deployed Sun PDP. For XACML policies of large sizes (with thousands of rules), XEngine is three to four orders of magnitude faster than Sun PDP.
No relationship between measures of clinical efficiency and teaching effectiveness for emergency medicine faculty

Objectives Emergency medicine (EM) doctors affiliated with academic institutions experience professional tension between providing excellent, timely care for patients and high-quality bedside instruction for residents and medical students. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between measures of faculty clinical efficiency and teaching effectiveness. Methods This was a retrospective review of data from a single academic institution with an annual census of 55 000. Faculty clinical efficiency was measured by two variables: the relative value unit (RVU)/h ratio and average ‘door to discharge’ time. Teaching effectiveness was estimated by determining the average ‘overall teaching’ scores derived from anonymous EM resident and senior medical student evaluations. Relationships were assessed using the Spearman9s correlation coefficient. Results There was no statistically significant relationship (p>0.050) between measures of faculty clinical efficiency and teaching effectiveness. Conclusion These data replicate previous findings that clinical productivity has no correlation with teaching effectiveness for emergency medicine faculty doctors.
Aspirin for the Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Orthopedic Surgery Patients: A Comparison of the AAOS and ACCP Guidelines with Review of the Evidence

BACKGROUNDThe American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have both developed evidence-based guidelines to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk orthopedic surgery patients. Recent changes to these documents have brought them into agreement as to the inclusion of aspirin as an appropriate option for VTE prophylaxis in this patient population.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the appropriateness of aspirin to prevent VTE in high-risk orthopedic surgery patients.DATA SOURCESGuidelines published by the AAOS in 2011 and the ACCP in 2012 were compared regarding their recommendations on the use of aspirin for the prevention of VTE. A literature search was also conducted to identify clinical trials that evaluated the use of aspirin for the prevention of VTE in this patient population. Search terms included the MeSH terms venous thromboembolism; venous thrombosis; pulmonary embolism; aspirin; arthroplasty, replacement, knee; arthroplasty, replacement, hip; an...
Quantile regression in environmental health: Early life lead exposure and end-of-grade exams

Conditional means regression, including ordinary least squares (OLS), provides an incomplete picture of exposure–response relationships particularly if the primary interest resides in the tail ends of the distribution of the outcome. Quantile regression (QR) offers an alternative methodological approach in which the influence of independent covariates on the outcome can be specified at any location along the distribution of the outcome. We implemented QR to examine heterogeneity in the influence of early childhood lead exposure on reading and math standardized fourth grade tests. In children from two urban school districts (n=1,076), lead exposure was associated with an 18.00 point decrease (95% CI: −48.72, −3.32) at the 10th quantile of reading scores, and a 7.50 point decrease (95% CI: −15.58, 2.07) at the 90th quantile. Wald tests indicated significant heterogeneity of the coefficients across the distribution of quantiles. Math scores did not show heterogeneity of coefficients, but there was a significant difference in the lead effect at the 10th (β=−17.00, 95% CI: −32.13, −3.27) versus 90th (β=−4.50, 95% CI: −10.55, 4.50) quantiles. Our results indicate that lead exposure has a greater effect for children in the lower tail of exam scores, a result that is masked by conditional means approaches.
Overview of the Multi-Spectral Imager on the NEAR spacecraft

Abstract The Multi-Spectral Imager on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft is a 1 Hz frame rate CCD camera sensitive in the visible and near infrared bands (~400−1100 nm). MSI is the primary instrument on the spacecraft to determine morphology and composition of the surface of asteroid 433 Eros. In addition, the camera will be used to assist in navigation to the asteroid. The instrument uses refractive optics and has an eight position spectral filter wheel to select different wavelength bands. The MSI optical focal length of 168 mm gives a 2.9 ° × 2.25 ° field of view. The CCD is passively cooled and the 537×244 pixel array output is digitized to 12 bits. Electronic shuttering increases the effective dynamic range of the instrument by more than a factor of 100. A one-time deployable cover protects the instrument during ground testing operations and launch. A reduced aperture viewport permits full field of view imaging while the cover is in place. A Data Processing Unit (DPU) provides the digital interface between the spacecraft and the Camera Head and uses an RTX2010 processor. The DPU provides an eight frame image buffer, lossy and lossless data compression routines, and automatic exposure control. An overview of the instrument is presented and design parameters and trade-offs are discussed.
An analysis of several partially adaptive beamformer designs

A general analysis of broadband interference cancellation in adaptive beamformers is provided. The results are then used to analyze beam, eigenstructure, and power-minimization approaches to the design of linearly constrained partially adaptive beamformers. It is shown that although beam-based designs are capable of good performance in narrowband environments, they are not appropriate for broadband environments. Eigenstructure-based designs are capable of excellent performance in narrow- or broadband environments. However, performance degrades if the number of adaptive weights is less than the eigenstructure dimension. Power-minimization designs are based on directly minimizing interference output power. Simulations indicate that the power-minimization design is capable of the best cancellation performance with a limited number of adaptive weights. >
Do good or poor performers leave? A meta-analysis of the relationship between performance and turnover.

A meta-analysis designed to estimate the direction and magnitude of the correlation between turnover and employee performance was conducted. The sample size-weighted mean correlation across 24 stud...
Practical design of microstrip directional couplers

A practical method to have a complete design of symmetrical two-line microstrip directional couplers is given analytically without prior knowledge of the physical geometry for the first time. The design method requires only the information of the port impedances, coupling and operational frequency. The analytical results are verified experimentally. The error between the measured and analytical results is found to be within 3%. The design tables and the measured results are presented for Teflon, and FR4, which are widely used in microwave applications.
Mental Retardation Diagnosis and the Flynn Effect: General Intelligence, Adaptive Behavior, and Context

—Due to the Flynn effect and the IQ cutoff score required for the diagnosis of mental retardation (MR), educational and social policies created to reduce inequities faced by at-risk children in theory may actually perpetuate them in practice. We argue for the importance of considering IQ, adaptive behavior, and context when diagnosing MR and conclude by recommending that more research is needed to determine individual differences in the Flynn effect among children who are at risk of academic failure and therefore, most vulnerable to such differences.
“this winged nature fraught”: Suicide and Agency in Women's Poetry

This essay focuses on representations of female suicide by Romantic poets Felicia Hemans and Mary Robinson. In short lyric narratives, the two poets exploited themes of maternal, revolutionary, and Sapphic suicide. Their literary representations of women's voluntary death can both draw from and generate narratives of political resistance: the repudiation of slavery, of empire, of tyranny. Female suicide may also invoke discourses about the nature and function of poetic voice, genre, and authorship. Selected fatal moments point toward the political and metapoetic implications of gesture and voice. In the penultimate sonnet of Robinson's Sappho and Phaon, for example, the classical poet—the tenth muse—reflects upon her impending death. Perched on the Leucadian rock, Sappho gazes up at the sky, and not down toward her watery grave;Robinson's imagery suggests soaring flight rather than precipitous fall. Sappho anticipates posthumous fame more triumphant, more transcendent, than that which she achieved in life: then shall “loftier passions prompt the loftier theme!” In this way Sappho's suicidal genius stands in for the neglected genius of Romantic women writers; it figures the self-reflexive, paradoxical condition of the female writer at once legitimated and effaced by the authorial role. For these authors, the rhetoric and imagery of female suicide does not provide textual closure, nor does it determine, finally, a poem's meaning. Rather, suicide opens up the text.
Two-Stage Stochastic Natural Language Generation for Email Synthesis by Modeling Sender Style and Topic Structure

This paper describes a two-stage process for stochastic generation of email, in which the first stage structures the emails according to sender style and topic structure (high-level generation), and the second stage synthesizes text content based on the particulars of an email element and the goals of a given communication (surface-level realization). Synthesized emails were rated in a preliminary experiment. The results indicate that sender style can be detected. In addition we found that stochastic generation performs better if applied at the word level than at an original-sentence level (“template-based”) in terms of email coherence, sentence fluency, naturalness, and preference.
Marked regression of a nonpalpable breast cancer after cessation of hormone replacement therapy.

T he density of the breast parenchyma generally decreases as women approach and go through menopause. Hormone replacement therapy frequently slows and in many women reverses this phenomenon [I, 2]. Such an increase in parenchymal density is usually generalized but may be focal, mimicking a suspicious process. In the latter situation, we have occasionally used short-interval followup (2-3 months) after withdrawal of estrogen therapy. If caused by estrogen, the abnormality will typically regress, confirming its relationship to estrogen replacement therapy (Fig. 1). We have recently seen a woman with a nonpalpable malignant lesion that shrank considerably in the S weeks after cessation of hormone replacement therapy and proved to be a malignant breast carcinoma after surgical excision.
Assessment of Small Intestinal Transit Times in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Patients with Different Disease Activity Using Video Capsule Endoscopy.

Small intestinal transit times (SITT) influence drug bioavailability. This study aimed to compare SITT in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients with non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to determine influence of disease activity on transit times, and in addition, to establish the utility of small bowel video capsule endoscopy (SB-VCE) in investigation of SITT in IBD patients. A retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients who had undergone SB-VCE at a university hospital out-patient clinic. In total, 125 non-IBD patients, 55 Crohn’s disease patients, and 23 ulcerative colitis patients were included. SITT were calculated from the first duodenal image to the first cecal image. Disease activity was assessed based on endoscopy results and inflammatory markers (calprotectin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate). SITT were longer in ulcerative colitis patients compared to non-IBD patients (median 264 min vs. 216 min, p = 0.010). Patients with active Crohn’s disease (n = 33) also displayed prolonged SITT compared to non-IBD patients (median 253 min vs 216 min, p = 0.017) and patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease (n = 22) (p = 0.005). SITT can be prolonged in IBD patients depending on disease activity which may alter the drug release profiles and clinical response to colonic drug delivery systems. SB-VCE is a simple, non-invasive tool that can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to understand drug bioavailability in different patient groups. Moreover, this variability in transit times needs to be simulated in dissolution testing for in vitro in vivo correlations.
A Knowledge Management View of Open Innovation Strategies

Much has been discussed about benefits of various open innovation strategies in the literature. Yet the relative effectiveness of open innovation strategies on product innovativeness has not been i...
Laser-Induced Heating Using a Non-Resonant Dual-Pulse Approach with Application to Laser Ignition

The present paper addresses laser ignition using a dual pulse pre-ionization technique. The approach uses an initial ultraviolet (UV) laser pulse at 266 nm to provide pre-ionization (but not full breakdown) along with an overlapped near-infrared (NIR) pulse at 1064 nm to add energy to the pre-ionized gas. Experiments to characterize the UV pre-ionization and pulse overlap are conducted in atmospheric pressure air. Rayleigh scattering is used to measure the air temperature in the focal region of the pulses. At intensities slightly lower than the breakdown threshold, the UV pulse increases the air temperature from ~295 K to ~600 K. Overlapping of the NIR pulse provides additional temperature increase of 10s of Kelvin. The UV pulse is also observed to create weak optical emission from the focal volume even at intensities below the breakdown threshold.
Decentralized Quasi-Newton Methods

We introduce the decentralized Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (D-BFGS) method as a variation of the BFGS quasi-Newton method for solving decentralized optimization problems. Decentralized quasi-Newton methods are of interest in problems that are not well conditioned, making first-order decentralized methods ineffective, and in which second-order information is not readily available, making second-order decentralized methods impossible. D-BFGS is a fully distributed algorithm in which nodes approximate curvature information of themselves and their neighbors through the satisfaction of a secant condition. We additionally provide a formulation of the algorithm in asynchronous settings. Convergence of D-BFGS is established formally in both the synchronous and asynchronous settings and strong performance advantages relative to existing methods are shown numerically.
Analysis on Boiler Tail Duct Vibration in 330 MW Unit

The vibration of boiler duct will effect the boiler safe operation.In accordance with the boiler tail duct vibration in certain 330 kV unit,the mechanism reason of high duct vibration are analyzed,the measure and suggestion are proposed to solve the problem.
Cell movements and control of patterned tissue assembly during craniofacial development.

Craniofacial mesenchyme is heterogeneous with respect to origins (e.g., paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, prechordal mesoderm, neural crest, placodes) and fates. The many disparate cell migratory behaviors exhibited by these mesenchymal populations have only recently been revealed, necessitating a reappraisal of how these different populations come together to form specific tissues and organs. The objectives of this review are to characterize the diverse migratory behaviors of craniofacial mesenchymal subpopulations, to define the interactions necessary for their assembly into tissues, and to discuss these data in the context of recent discoveries concerning the molecular basis of craniofacial development. The application of antibodies that recognize features unique to migrating neural crest cells has verified the results of previous transplantation experiments in birds and shown the migratory pathways in murine embryos to be similar. Within paraxial or prechordal mesoderm arise myoblasts that are precursors of craniofacial voluntary muscles. These cells migrate, usually en masse, to the sites where overt muscle differentiation occurs. Whereas the initial alignment of primary myotubes presages the fiber orientation seen in the adult, the time at which individual myotubes appear relative to the formation of discrete, individual muscle bundles and attachments with connective tissues varies with each muscle. The pattern of primary myotube alignment is determined by local connective tissue-forming mesenchyme and is independent of the source of myoblasts. Also found within paraxial and lateral mesodermal tissues are endothelial precursors (angioblasts). Some of these aggregate in situ, forming vesicles that coalesce with ingrowing endothelial cords. Others are highly invasive, moving in all directions and infiltrating tissues such as the neural crest, which lacks endogenous angioblasts. The patterns of initial blood vessel formation in the head are also determined by local connective tissue-forming mesenchyme and are independent of the origin of endothelial cells. Neural crest cells, which constitute the predominant connective tissue-forming mesenchyme in the facial, oral, and branchial regions of the head, acquire a regional identity while still part of the neural epithelium, and carry this with them as they move into the mandibular, hyoid, and branchial arches. Some of these regionally unique propensities correspond spatially to genetic and cellular patterns unique to rhombomeres, although the links between gene expression and crest population phenotypes are not yet known. In contrast, the inherent spatial programming of those crest cells that populate the maxillary and frontonasal regions is altered by their proximity to the prosencephalon.
Fiber-optic gas pressure sensing with a laser-heated silicon-based Fabry–Perot interferometer

We report a novel fiber-optic sensor for measurement of static gas pressure based on the natural convection of a heated silicon pillar attached to a fiber tip functioning as a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). A visible laser beam is guided by the fiber to efficiently heat the silicon pillar, while an infrared whitelight source, also guided by the fiber, is used to measure the temperature of the FPI, which is influenced both by the laser power and the pressure through natural convection. We theoretically and experimentally show that, by monitoring the fringe shift caused by the laser heating, air pressure sensing with little temperature cross-sensitivity can be achieved. The pressure sensitivity can be easily tuned by adjusting the heating laser power. In our experiment, the sensor performance within the temperature range from 20°C to 50°C and the pressure range from 0 to 1400 psi has been characterized, showing an average sensitivity of -0.52 pm/psi. Compared to the passive version of the sensor, the pressure sensitivity was ∼15 times larger, and the temperature cross-sensitivity was ∼100 times smaller.
Long Work Hours, Part-Time Work, and Trends in the Gender Gap in Pay, the Motherhood Wage Penalty, and the Fatherhood Wage Premium

We assess how changes in the social organization and compensation of work hours over the last three decades are associated with changes in wage differentials among mothers, fathers, childless women, and childless men. We find that large differences between gender and parental status groups in long work hours (fifty or more per week), coupled with sharply rising hourly wages for long work hours, contributed to rising gender gaps in wages (especially among parents), motherhood wage penalties, and fatherhood wage premiums. Changes in the representation of these groups in part-time work, by contrast, is associated with a decline in the gender gap in wages among parents and in the motherhood wage penalty, but an increase in the father-hood wage premium. These findings offer important clues into why gender and family wage differentials still persist.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Monitoring During Lead Extraction Procedures: Sound Advice

The number of transvenous lead extraction procedures has increased steadily over the past 3 decades, going from a niche procedure practiced by a handful of pioneers to a more mainstream and available operation. Lead extraction is generally a very safe and effective procedure with a mortality risk of
Influence of the civic community religious environment on family poverty: A multilevel analysis

This study integrates research in the civic community tradition and structuralist and individualist perspectives on poverty to assess the relationship between religious-based civic community structures and family poverty in the United States. Using multilevel analyses of 2006-2008 American Community Survey, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, and 2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Survey data, results demonstrate that the presence of Mainline Protestant and Catholics adherents within communities - measured as the percentage of a community's population comprised of Mainline Protestant and Catholic adherents - is significantly and negatively associated with family poverty risks, net of other family and community factors. That is, in communities with a greater presence of Mainline Protestants and Catholics, there were also lower risks of families being in poverty. These findings suggest the importance of the ecology of religion within communities in understanding poverty outcomes for families.
Postnatal Depression: The Role of Breastfeeding Efficacy, Breastfeeding Duration, and Family–Work Conflict

Although breastfeeding has multiple benefits for baby and mother, including maternal mental well-being, many mothers terminate breastfeeding earlier than they desire. We examined two key factors in...
Perspectives of Teaching Mexican American Students as Reflected in Multicultural Literature

Minority population is on the rise and projected to continue growing. This article reviews the plight of the Mexican American student and how the history reflects a path of struggle towards academic equity. Areas explored include cultural deprivation, cultural differences, and funds of knowledge that students bring with them to the academic arena. A historical review provides us with the strategies utilized by Mexican American students, the challenges that they have faced and continue to face and how impactful teaching of Mexican American students is vital to their success. Three varied personal experiences will provide insight into how Mexican American students have been perceived and educationally as- sisted throughout a span of twenty plus years. Educational recommendations are provided for educators working to provide an equitable education for Mexican American students.
Molecular dynamics simulation of thermotropic bolaamphiphiles with a swallow-tail lateral chain: formation of cubic network phases

T-shaped bolaamphiphiles (TBA) with a swallow-tail lateral chain have been found to provide a fertile platform to produce complex liquid crystalline phases that are accessible through changes of temperature and lateral chain length and design. In this work, we use molecular simulations of a simple coarse-grained model to map out the phase behavior of this type of molecules. This model is based on the premise that the crucial details of the fluid structure stem from close range repulsions and the strong directional forces typical of hydrogen bonds. Our simulations confirm that TBAs exhibit a rich phase behavior upon increasing the length of their lateral chain. The simulations detect a double gyroid phase and an axial-bundle columnar phase which bear some structural resemblance to those found in the experiment. In addition, simulations predict two cocontinuous phases with 3D-periodicity: the "single" diamond and the "single" plumber's nightmare phase. Our analysis of energetic and entropic contributions to the free energy of phases formed by TBA with either swallow-tail or linear side-chains suggest that the 3D-periodic network phases formed by the former are stabilized by the large conformation entropy of the side-chains.
Abstract ES4-1: Her2 testing - 2017 guidelines for HER2 testing

Currently the use of anti-HER2 directed therapy (HDT) is predicated on the identification of HER2-postive breast cancers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) are the most common (and FDA-approved methods) for detecting HER2-positive breast cancers. While IHC and ISH are generally robust testing modalities, both can be subject to various pre-analytic, analytic and post-analytic issues/problems. In response to these issues/problems, ASCO and CAP formed a joint HER2 Guideline Committee. The initial guidelines of this committee were released in 2007 and a first revision of the guidelines was released in 2013. Since 2013, additional issues with HER2 testing have arisen and the ASCO/CAP Committee will be releasing a second revision to the guidelines in late 2017 or early 2018. This educational presentation will discuss HER2 testing – with a focus on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). It will outline the 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines and describe some of the issues that have arisen with these guidelines. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the pending 2017/2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 testing. Citation Format: Jenkins RB. Her2 testing - 2017 guidelines for HER2 testing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES4-1.
Mechanism for the Rapid Spontaneous Resolution of an Acute Subdural Hematoma and Transformation into a Subdural Hygroma.

Background Spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematomas (SDHs), occurring as the result of a traumatic injury, is well reported in the literature and rapidly resolving SDHs have been reported as well. Although the mechanism behind the rapid resolution of a SDH has not been well understood, there are postulated mechanisms for this phenomenon. The aim of this report is to present a patient who experienced the rapid resolution of a traumatic SDH, which was replaced by a subdural hygroma. Case Description This 25-year-old man presented to the hospital with an acute left-sided SDH after a head-on motor vehicle collision. At the time of presentation, the patient had an acute SDH with 11 mm of midline shift. The hematoma resolved spontaneously within 48 hours and was replaced by a thin subdural hygroma. Conclusions Rapidly resolving SDHs represent a phenomenon that has been well described, although is not entirely understood. The imaging findings of this patient suggest that cerebrospinal fluid washout is a mechanism that promotes acute SDH resolution.
Development and Validation of RAPID: A Patient-Specific Monte Carlo Three-Dimensional Internal Dosimetry Platform.

Abstract This work describes the development and validation of a patient-specific Monte Carlo internal dosimetry platform called RAPID (Radiopharmaceutical Assessment Platform for Internal Dosimetr...
Investigation of linear impact energy management and product claims of a novel American football helmet liner component

The pursuit to abate sport-related concussion necessitates thorough evaluation of protective technologies and product claims. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to: (i) define the linear impulse and compression behavior of the Aware-Flow shock absorber (the primary energy managing component of Xenith X1 football helmet); (ii) characterize resultant force–time curves utilizing compressive loading behavior of foam materials; and (iii) verify and define published findings and product claims. Absorbers (N = 24) from three adult X1 football helmets were impacted at predefined velocities of 1.3, 2.3, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.7 m·s− 1. Linear impulsive forces were ideally managed up to 3.0 m·s− 1 (25.4 J). The foam-filled pad improved impact energy attenuation and increased velocity-specific durability. The leptokurtic region of the 4.0 and 4.7 m·s− 1 impulse curves substantiated a third phase, defined as densification, as demonstrated by the maximum compression height approaching 90%. The adoption of elast...
Detection of a transient FeV(O)(OH) species involved in olefin oxidation by a bio-inspired non-haem iron catalyst

The Fe(TPA) (TPA = tris(pyridyl-2-methyl)amine) class of non-haem Fe catalysts is proposed to carry out selective hydrocarbon oxidations through the generation of high-valent iron species. Using ambient mass spectrometry, we obtain direct evidence for the formation of an FeV(O)(OH) species under catalytic conditions. In addition, 18O-labelling suggests that this FeV(O)(OH) species serves as the active oxidant in hydrocarbon oxidation catalysis.
Placental pathology, corticotropin-releasing hormone, timing of parturition, and fetal growth in the pregnancy outcomes and community health study

AbstractBackground: Identification of vascular pathologies in delivered placentas and their associations with biomarkers measured during pregnancy may elucidate mechanisms of adverse pregnancy outc...
Vivir a muerte: escrituras dolientes y denuncias de género en El silencio de los cuerpos

En este ensayo se analiza la coleccion titulada El silencio de los cuerpos. Relatos sobre feminicidios (Mexico: Ediciones B, 2015). En el libro participan nueve escritoras mexicanas nacidas —todas excepto Cristina Rivera Garza— en los anos setenta y ochenta, como Orfa Alarcon, Susana Iglesias y Tania Tagle, entre otras. La coleccion entera hace pensar en las palabras de Edward Said con respecto a la mision del verdadero intelectual que utiliza su voz para hablar por los que no pueden hacerlo, para decirle verdades al poder, siempre desde una posicion marginal. Los cuentos son desgarradores, denuncian la normalizacion de la violencia de genero e intentan despertar la conciencia de aquellos que viven lejos del peligro, la discriminacion y el terror. En este analisis se toman en cuenta diversos estudios en torno a la violencia de genero, la violencia subjetiva y la violencia simbolica, asi como la cosificacion de los cuerpos y la violencia sistematica contra las sexualidades disidentes.
Stimulated backscatter of laser light from BigFoot hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility

The high implosion velocity, high adiabat BigFoot design [Casey et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 056308 (2018)] has produced the highest neutron yield to date in an ignition hohlraum on the National Ignition Facility. It has used up to 500 TW of peak power and nearly 2 MJ of laser energy in pulses up to 8 ns in duration, with the goal of fielding controlled implosions with high coupled energy, which can suppress deleterious hydrodynamic instabilities. However, when the laser pulse exceeds 6 ns with the laser energy greater than 1.6 MJ, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) reaches levels that may damage optical components in the laser. Pending development of techniques to reduce SBS, limitation of laser power, and energy to avoid damage prevents the full exploitation of this approach to ignition. In this manuscript, we present three-dimensional simulations that match the experimentally measured SBS energy, in particular, reproducing quantitatively the time in the pulse when maximum backscatter occurs, and its magnitude across ∼10 BigFoot experiments. The demonstrated robustness of the modeling, which combines LASNEX and pF3D simulations, motivates us to explore and recommend several feasible SBS mitigation strategies: modified laser pointing, different laser frequencies for each cone of beams, increased laser bandwidth on all or some of the cones, and materials with a mixture of light and heavy atoms lining the inside of the hohlraum walls.
GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Cardiac risk stratification (HCT-CI) for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) planning autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) may not capture cardiovascular risk. In addition to more prevalent cardiovascular comorbidities, MM patients are also at risk for concurrent light chain cardiac
Understanding drivers of influenza-like illness presenteeism within training programs: A survey of trainees and their program directors.

Background Working with influenza-like illness (ILI) is pervasive throughout health care. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ILI presenteeism of both postgraduate trainees and program leaders. Methods This survey study was conducted at the Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, a large academic center in the Bronx, New York. Internal medicine and subspecialty house staff and program directors completed an anonymous electronic survey between April 23 and June 15, 2018. Results A total of 197 of 400 (49%) house staff and 23 of 39 (59%) program leaders participated; 107 (54%) trainees and 6 (26%) program leaders self-reported ILI presenteeism in the past 12 months. More than 90% of trainees and program leaders reported that ILI presenteeism places others at risk. Only 9% of program leaders accurately estimated trainee ILI presenteeism prevalence. Both cited “not wanting to burden colleagues” as the top reason for ILI presenteeism. Twenty-six (24%) trainees practiced ILI presenteeism on critical care units. The majority reported that they would provide patient care with upper respiratory symptoms without fever. Most trainees incorrectly answered influenza knowledge questions. Conclusions ILI presenteeism prevalence is high within training programs at our medical center. Program leaders can model best practices, enforce nonpunitive sick-leave policies, and ensure infection prevention competencies are met annually.