cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Food on Oxaprozin Bioavailability

Twelve healthy volunteers received single 1200-mg oral doses of oxaprozin while fasting and immediately after a standard breakfast in a two-period crossover design with three weeks between administrations. Oxaprozin plasma concentrations were monitored during a 10-day period after each dose. No statistically significant differences were noted between kinetic parameters obtained in the fasting and post-prandial states for mean peak plasma concentrations (Cmax, 103 vs. 109 micrograms/ml), absorption rate constants (ka, 1.1 vs. 0.8 h-1), or total AUC (7042 vs. 7066 micrograms/ml X hr). Compared with doses administered during fasting, postprandial doses led to a delay in the onset of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (lag time t0, 24 vs. 9 min), but not in the peak time (tmax approximately 5 hours). Oxaprozin's mean residence time t was slightly shorter for subjects in the postprandial state (72 hours) than for those in fasting state (73 hours), probably because of the intrasubject variability in half-life (48 vs. 50 hours). The results of this study indicate that the ingestion of food has no effect on the bioavailability of oxaprozin.
Trifocal motion modeling for object-based video compression and manipulation

Following an overview of two-dimensional (2-D) parametric motion models commonly used in video manipulation and compression, we introduce trifocal transfer, which is an image-based scene representation used in computer vision, as a motion compensation method that uses three frames at a time to implicitly capture camera/scene motion and scene depth. Trifocal transfer requires a trifocal tensor that is computed by matching image features across three views and a dense correspondence between two of the three views. We propose approximating the dense correspondence between two of the three views by a parametric model in order to apply the trifocal transfer for object-based video compression and background mosaic generation. Backward, forward, and bidirectional motion compensation methods based on trifocal transfer are presented. The performance of the proposed motion compensation approaches using the trifocal model has been compared with various other compensation methods, such as dense motion, block motion, and global affine transform on several video sequences. Finally, video compression and mosaic synthesis based on the trifocal motion model are implemented within the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model (VM), and the results are compared with those of the standard MPEG-4 video VM. Experimental results show that the trifocal motion model is superior to block and affine models when there is depth variation and camera translation.
The Response to Calorie Restriction in Mammals Shows Features Also Common to Hibernation: A Cross-Adaptation Hypothesis

The marked elevation in hepatic carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) in calorie-restricted mice, and the changes in erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and in hemoglobin oxygen affinity in calorie-restricted and hypoxic humans living in Biosphere 2 suggest similarities between physiologic events in calorie restriction and hibernation. Other data from the literature strengthen this comparison. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the response to the calorie restriction regime as studied by gerontologists, rather than being a laboratory artifact, is part of a spectrum of responses to food deprivation which have adaptive value in the wild, and whose triggering mechanism may primarily involve the neuroendocrine system.
Entrepreneurial logics and the evolution of Falun Gong

This article documents the shift of Falun Gong from a primarily secular healing system to a new religion centering on salvation. Emerging as a qigong organization in China in the early 1990s that provided immediate healing treatments to practitioners, Falun Gong eventually developed into a salvation-oriented religious firm. Mr. Li Hongzhi, the founder of Falun Gong, played a vital role in promoting the movement's transition. Facing the competitive qigong market, Mr. Li decided to differentiate Falun Gong from other competing qigong movements by offering a theory about salvation. He also adopted other organizational and doctrinal mechanisms that are useful in sustaining practitioners and preventing potential schisms. These strategies partly accounted for the growth of Falun Gong in the 1990s. This case study indicates that the religious economy model is helpful in understanding the evolution of Falun Gong, a new religion in contemporary China.
Surface excitation of hybridized plasmons in metallic nanocavities

We experimentally demonstrate surface excitation of hybridized plasmons in metallic nanocavities. We developed a quasi-static model connecting this observation to plasmonic antenna behavior for extraordinary light transmission effect.
Tuning into the Music of Groups: A Metaphor for Team-Based Learning in Management Education:

This article explores the metaphor of music in the analysis of teaching team-based courses. The metaphorical lens suggests creative ways of sensing the character and flow of learning by guiding inquiry into such musical attributes as melody, harmony, dynamics, tempo, and rhythm. Viewing teachers and students as “players in the band” and “naming that tune” enhances the instructor’s awareness and crystallizes the broader meaning of the situation. This novel way of analyzing these data can lead to interventions that may not occur to the teacher using more literal analysis.
Cytokines and Apoptotic Molecules in Experimental Melanin-Protein Induced Uveitis (EMIU) and Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis (EAU)

The cytokine profile and occurrence of apoptosis during experimental melanin-protein induced uveitis (EMIU) were investigated and compared with that of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). EMIU or EAU was induced in Lewis rats. Eyes were collected at different time points after immunization. Cytokine mRNA expression was identified in the inflammatory cells in the uvea of EMIU rats; IL-2, IFIN-γ and IL-12 increased at the peak of the inflammation, and then tapered off as inflammation subsided. 1L-4 and IL-10 increased at the peak of ocular inflammation, and persisted with inflammation resolved. Fas and FasL were expressed consistently in ocular resident cells of EMIU, but were elevated in EAU. In EAU, Bcl-2 expression showed a sharp peak in inflammatory cells but not in the resident cells. In EMIU, high levels of Bcl-2 were present and persisted in both ocular resident and inflammatory cells. Expression of Bax was relatively stable in both EAU and EMIU. Cellular DNA fragmentation was detected in th...
An operational measure of physician lifelong learning: its development, components and preliminary psychometric data

Despite the emphasis placed on physicians' lifelong learning, no psychometrically sound instrument has been developed to provide an operational measure of the concept and its components among physicians. The authors designed this study to develop a tool for measuring physician lifelong learning, to identify its underlying components and to assess its psychometric properties. A 37-item questionnaire was developed, based on a review of literature and the results of two pilot studies. Psychometric analyses of the responses of 160 physicians identified 19 items that were included in the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning. Factor analysis of the 19 items showed five meaningful factors that were consistent with the definition and major features of lifelong learning. They were 'need recognition', 'research endeavor', 'self-initiation', 'technical skills' and 'personal motivation'. The method of contrasted groups provided evidence in support of the validity of the five factors. The factors' reliability was assessed by coefficient alpha. It is concluded that lifelong learning is a multifaceted concept, and its operational measure is feasible for evaluating different educational programs and for studying group differences among physicians.
Invited Review: DNA-mediated artificial nanobiostructures: state of the art and future directions

Abstract DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-mediated assembly of nanometer and micrometer scale structures can have a profound impact in the fields of nanoelectronics and nanotechnology. Such structures can also find applications in microelectromechanical systems, hybrid bio-sensors, and the potential to continue the scaling of Moore’s law beyond the 50 nm node. While engineers and scientists have been long aspiring to controllably and specifically manipulate structures at the micrometer and nanometer scale, nature has been performing these tasks and assembling structures with great accuracy and high efficiency using highly specific biological molecules such as DNA and proteins. This paper describes the motivations and fundamentals behind these assembly concepts, with a focus on DNA hybridization-mediated assembly, and presents the state of the art in this field. In addition, new ideas and directions for future research on DNA-mediated assembly of active devices and DNA-based molecular devices are also presented.
Intussusception in Children: Imaging Choices

Intussusception is an acquired invagination of the bowel into itself, usually involving both small and large bowel. The more proximal bowel that herniates into more distal bowel is called the intussusceptum and bowel that contains it is called the intussuscipiens. Intestinal intussusception may occur along the entire length of the bowel from the duodenum to prolapse of intussuscepted bowel through the rectum. It is an urgent condition where delay in diagnosis is more the norm than the exception. This delay in diagnosis may lead to an increased risk of bowel necrosis, perforation, and obstruction. 1-5 After pyloric stenosis, intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in children. It is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in children and occurs in at least 56 children per 100,000 per year in the United States. 1
Probing the roles of protein kinases in g-protein-coupled receptor desensitization.

For decades we have understood that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial links in the relay of information from extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses. Their importance is highlighted by the wide variety of GPCRs encoded in the human genome ([Fredriksson et al., 2003][1]; [Perez
Overcoming dissipation in the calculation of standard binding free energies by ligand extraction

This paper addresses calculations of the standard free energy of binding from molecular simulations in which a bound ligand is extracted from its binding site by steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or equilibrium umbrella sampling. Host-guest systems are used as test beds to examine the requirements for obtaining the reversible work of ligand extraction. We find that, for both steered MD and umbrella sampling, marked irreversibilities can occur when the guest molecule crosses an energy barrier and suddenly jumps to a new position, causing dissipation of energy stored in the stretched molecule(s). For flexible molecules, this occurs even when a stiff pulling spring is employed, and it is difficult to suppress in calculations where the spring is attached to the molecules by single, fixed attachment points. We therefore introduce and test a method, Fluctuation-Guided Pulling (FGP), which adaptively adjusts the spring's attachment points based on the guest's atomic fluctuations relative to the host. This adaptive approach is found to substantially improve the reversibility of both steered MD and umbrella sampling calculations for the present systems. The results are then used to estimate standard binding free energies within a comprehensive framework, termed attach-pull-release (APR), which recognizes that the standard free energy of binding must include not only the pulling work itself, but also the work of attaching and then releasing the spring, where the release work includes an accounting of the standard concentration to which the ligand is discharged.
Lung Transplantation for Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism

Inherited disorders of surfactant metabolism are rare diseases that provide unique opportunities for understanding the mechanisms of surfactant function and metabolism. Presenting both as acute respiratory dysfunction in the neonatal period with a predictably lethal outcome as well as chronic respiratory insufficiency of variable onset and unpredictable natural histories, these disorders present unique challenges for clinicians and families because the treatment options are limited to lung transplantation and compassionate care. We briefly review the known inherited surfactant disorders, the challenges associated with offering lung transplantation for these disorders, and the outcomes.
Inactivation properties of sodium channel Nav1.8 maintain action potential amplitude in small DRG neurons in the context of depolarization.

Background Small neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) express five of the nine known voltage-gated sodium channels. Each channel has unique biophysical characteristics which determine how it contributes to the generation of action potentials (AP). To better understand how AP amplitude is maintained in nociceptive DRG neurons and their centrally projecting axons, which are subjected to depolarization within the dorsal horn, we investigated the dependence of AP amplitude on membrane potential, and how that dependence is altered by the presence or absence of sodium channel Nav1.8.
Reply by the Authors to M. Tischler, C. Ivler, and T. Berger

TECHNICAL COMMENTS are brief discussions of papers previously published in this journal. They should not exceed 1500 words (where a figure or table counts as 200 words). The author of the previous paper is invited to submit a reply for publication in the same issue as the Technical Comment. These discussions are published as quickly as possible after receipt of the manuscripts. Neither AIAA nor its Editors are responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors.
Privacy, Identification, and Common Law Names

The conventional wisdom, reflected in legal policy analysis and landmark Supreme Court cases such as Kyllo and Jones, views technology as privacy’s chief foe. This Article challenges that wisdom, arguing that the law of identification is privacy’s real threat. Particularly in the last decade, legal requirements for identification through government-issued identification cards in virtually every aspect of life — from online purchases to healthcare — have proved fatal to anonymity and privacy. This slow, subtle transformation has rendered a de facto nullity the Constitution’s anonymity protection against compelled identity disclosure. This transformation also has rendered impracticable the traditional, but mostly forgotten, common law rights to use whatever name one wishes, i.e., the right to pseudonymity. The common law name allows a type of anonymity, which, in turn, allows online privacy and privacy in other aspects of life. This Article argues that the continued vitality of common law name rights, particularly in light of recent First Amendment jurisprudence, establishes a right to pseudonymity — as well as the possibility of increasing privacy. This right includes, in certain circumstances, the ability to demand a government-issued identification under a common law pseudonym. This ability would allow individuals to frustrate regulatory identification regimes and regain some privacy. Beyond these practical implications, this Article engages in a theoretical analysis of the legal mechanisms of identification. Using the classic Calabresi-Melamed property/liability distinction, this Article demonstrates how name governance changed from the common law liability regime to the current government-owned property regime. This shift reflects an important, and hitherto unrecognized, transformation in the legal relationship between the state and citizen.
Utilizing Natural Helpers to Enhance a Community's Capacity and Competence using the PIECES ® Model of Health Promotion

Health Promotion is an emerging field of interest seeking a unified definition of purpose and structural implementation. Incorporating the utility of the PIECES® model into health promotion efforts involving natural helper strategies will provide a consistent, comprehensive structure upon which programs can evolve. The model's simplicity lends itself to common-sense application and minimal training, which is a critical component when developing natural helpers for health promotion initiatives. The model also allows for retaining a flexible approach to health promotion which is often necessary when addressing individual variances. Additionally, it is rigid enough to retain structural integrity when applied to general populations where the need for scalability is required.
Carbon nanotube reinforced cu metal matrix composites for current collection from space photovoltaics

There is a strong desire to reduce the weight and increase the power output of photovoltaics devices for space applications while simultaneously reducing cost. The inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) cell is an advanced III–V device architecture that provides routes to higher on-orbit power production. A higher specific power is provided by a combination of high efficiency and a thin, low-weight device. As crystalline devices become thinner, however, they are more prone to fracture/cleaving failure. In the most benign case, fracture may simply disconnect a portion of the cell from the power providing circuit. More seriously, fracture can also lead to an open string. These problems may be mitigated by the development of fracture/cleave-tolerant devices. In this paper we consider a novel fabrication route to form metal matrix composites (MMCs) comprised of carbon nanotubes embedded in metals such as Ag and Cu. The MMCs will be used to fabricate grid-lines and back-metal layers for IMM cells with a goal of maintaining cell active area even after fracture/cleavage failures.
Federal Law and Policy

This chapter to The Law of Climate Change in Canada explores the Canadian federal legal framework as it relates to climate change issues, as well as the development of Canadian climate change law and policy from the late 1980s to the present. The chapter also examines the federal government's key domestic efforts to address mitigation and adaptation, before highlighting some future trends.
Designing Effective Group Activities: Lessons for Classroom Teaching and Faculty Development

The primary objective of this article is to provide readers with guidance for designing effective group assignments and activities for classes and workshops. In doing so, we examine the forces that foster social loafing (uneven participation) in learning groups and identify four key variables that must be managed in order to create a group environment that is conducive for broad-based member participation and learning. We then discuss the impact of various types of activities and assignments on learning and group cohesiveness. Finally, we present a checklist that has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness of group assignments in a wide variety of instructional settings and subject areas. Over the last few years group activities have become increasingly popular. However, instructors and workshop leaders frequently report three common problems that greatly reduce the effectiveness of small-group based learning activities. Two of the three problems typically occur while students or workshop participants are actually engaged in the group work. Probably the most common problem is that one or two vocal individuals often dominate the discussions to the point that quieter members’ ideas are either unexpressed or largely ignored. Alternatively, groups frequently have difficulty staying focused on the assigned task because they get side-tracked on inconsequential or irrelevant details. The third problem occurs when groups are reporting the results of their work to the total class. Even when there has been a high level of engagement in the small groups subsequent whole-class discussions sometimes “fall flat.” Based on our experience, these “problems” are actually symptoms that are almost always the result of poorly conceived group tasks. Further, we believe that all three of these problems can be avoided if classroom teachers and faculty developers use activities that are designed to take into account: 1) the developmental level of the groups in which they will be used and, 2) the impact of the activity on the cohesiveness of the groups. With this in mind, our primary objective in writing this article is to provide a set of conceptual tools to provide guidance for designing effective group assignments and activities for classes and workshops. Overall, the most important idea in the paper is that the most reliable way to gauge the learning value of group assignments is to examine their impact on group cohesiveness.
Poor persistence with hormonal therapy among women with breast cancer

Article history: Received 10 April 2016 Accepted 10 April 2016 Available online 28 April 2016 anti-estrogen therapies at 5 years after the start of therapywith a Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are essential medications for patients with non-metastatic and metastatic hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). In early stage non-metastatic BC, five-years of tamoxifen therapy reduces the 15-year risk of a BC recurrence by 40% and BC mortality by 30%. In postmenopausal women with early stage non-metastatic BC, aromatase inhibitors are even more efficacious than tamoxifen. In the metastatic setting, tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are the backbone for treating HR+ BC and have been shown to both prolong life and the quality of life. These drugs are among the most efficacious cancer medications. Despite their importance, lack of compliance is a common issue. Like many oral medications for chronic conditions, patients may fail to initiate therapy (non-initiation), take the drug as prescribed (nonadherence defined as a medication possession ratio or MPR <80%) or
Safety Surveillance for 7-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine in 5 Cities of Guangdong Province

Objective To analyze the effects of vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine(PCV7), and evacuate the safety of PCV7. Methods Collect adverse eveat following immunization(AEFI)cases vaccinated during 2009 to 2010 through a national passive surveillance system,and analyze the collected information by descriptive methodology. Results About 248.6 thousand doses of vaccine were administered from 2009 to 2011 in the cities of of pearl river delta, 196 AEFI cases were reported, for a rate of 78.85 per 100,000 doses. Of the reported cases,102 cases were verified as minor vaccine reaction, reporting rate:41.04 per 100,000 doses, includes 84 fever cases(reporting rate:33.79 per 100,000 doses),10 local redness cases(reporting rate:4.02 per 100,000 doses), 73 cases were verified as rare, serious reactions,reporting rate 29.37 per 100,000 doses. Rare, serious reaction includes anaphylactic rash(70 cases, rate 28.16 per 100,000 doses), febrile convulsion(2 cases, rate 0.80 per 100,000 doses), henoch-sch?nlein purpura(1 cases, rate 0.40 per 100,000 doses). 97.96% cases happened within 3 days after vaccination. Conclusions The reported AEFI from passive surveillance of PCV7 was similar to the other vaccines.
cAMP and extrarenal vasopressin V2 receptors in dogs.

The effect of vasopressin analogues on plasma adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was examined in a group of five conscious dogs instrumented for the measurement of arterial pressure and cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter). These dogs were infused for 20 min with a selective antidiuretic (V2) agonist, desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP, 10 ng.kg-1 x min-1). This infusion was repeated on another day in the presence of the combined V1-V2 antagonist d(CH2)5-D-Tyr(Et)-4-valine,8-arginine vasopressin. The dogs also received an infusion of the selective V1 agonist 2-phenylalanine,8-ornithine oxytocin (Phe-OrnOT) at a rate of 10 ng.kg-1 x min-1. The effect of these infusions was compared with those of an isotonic saline infusion. Plasma cAMP measured in the aorta remained unchanged during all infusions but that of the selective V2 agonist DDAVP alone, during which it increased significantly from 22.4 +/- 0.8 to 32.6 +/- 4.6 and 37.0 +/- 4.1 pmol/ml after 10 and 20 min, respectively. In the plasma sampled from the inferior vena cava caudal to the renal veins, cAMP increased during DDAVP infusion from 22.2 +/- 2.5 to 39.2 +/- 3.8 and 36.0 +/- 4.0 pmol/ml after 10 and 20 min, respectively. The infusion of DDAVP was later given to the same dogs under anesthesia after bilateral nephrectomy, which did not modify the effect of DDAVP on arterial plasma cAMP. In another group of four conscious dogs, infusion of DDAVP at the same rate did not induce significant changes in plasma catecholamines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developing metrics for emergency care research in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction There is little research on emergency care delivery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To facilitate future research, we aimed to assess the set of key metrics currently used by researchers in these settings and to propose a set of standard metrics to facilitate future research. Methods Systematic literature review of 43,109 published reports on general emergency care from 139 LMICs. Studies describing care for subsets of emergency conditions, subsets of populations, and data aggregated across multiple facilities were excluded. All facility- and patient-level statistics reported in these studies were recorded and the most commonly used metrics were identified. Results We identified 195 studies on emergency care delivery in LMICs. There was little uniformity in either patient- or facility-level metrics reported. Patient demographics were inconsistently reported: only 33% noted average age and 63% the gender breakdown. The upper age boundary used for paediatric data varied widely, from 5 to 20years of age. Emergency centre capacity was reported using a variety of metrics including annual patient volume ( n =175, 90%); bed count ( n =60, 31%), number of rooms ( n =48, 25%); frequently none of these metrics were reported ( n =16, 8%). Many characteristics essential to describe capabilities and performance of emergency care were not reported, including use and type of triage; level of provider training; admission rate; time to evaluation; and length of EC stay. Conclusion We found considerable heterogeneity in reporting practices for studies of emergency care in LMICs. Standardised metrics could facilitate future analysis and interpretation of such studies, and expand the ability to generalise and compare findings across emergency care settings.
Psychological Distress and Rates of Health Insurance Coverage and Use and Affordability of Mental Health Services, 2013–2014

Objective:The study compared changes in rates of health insurance coverage, utilization and affordability of mental health services, and reported satisfaction with health coverage between 2013 and 2014 for people in moderate and severe psychological distress with people in no or low psychological distress.Methods:A nationally representative data set restricted to participants ages 26 to 65 (N=35,602) was used. Changes in outcome measures were calculated by using linear regression adjusted for the complex survey design.Results:Relative to individuals with no or low levels of psychological distress, individuals with moderate distress showed gains on selected outcome measures, and they experienced net improvements on several measures. Individuals with severe psychological distress showed fewer net improvements and no relative improvements compared with individuals with no or low levels of psychological distress, although they reported net increases in subjective satisfaction with health care.Conclusions:Betw...
Targeting the mTOR Signaling Circuitry in Head and Neck Cancer

The recent development of deep-sequencing approaches for the study of human cancer represents a revolution in medical oncology. These approaches provide an unprecedented knowledge of the multiplicity of genomic and epigenetic alterations underlying each cancer type, and enable the elucidation of aberrant molecular networks driving tumor progression. The in-depth analysis of the head and neck cancer (HNSCC) oncogenome revealed that most HPV negative and HPV positive HNSCC lesions exhibit mutations and copy number alterations converging in the aberrant activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. In turn, this overreliance on PI3K-mTOR signaling for tumor growth can expose a cancer vulnerability that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, we have shown that the vast majority of HNSCC lesions exhibit highly active PI3K-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, we have shown that the administration of mTOR inhibitors causes tumor regression and prevents the malignant conversion of oral precancer lesions in multiple chemically induced and genetically defined HNSCC animal models. Many PI3K-mTOR pathway inhibitors have been recently advanced to the clinic with encouraging results in HNSCC. Overall, we can expect that the use of PI3K-mTOR inhibitors will provide an opportunity for precision medicine approaches for HNSCC prevention and treatment.
Lungs donated after circulatory death and prolonged warm ischemia are transplanted successfully after enhanced ex vivo lung perfusion using adenosine A2B receptor antagonism.

Abstract Objective The current supply of acceptable donor lungs is not sufficient for the number of patients awaiting transplantation. We hypothesized that ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with targeted drug therapy would allow successful rehabilitation and transplantation of donation after circulatory death lungs exposed to 2 hours of warm ischemia. Methods Donor porcine lungs were procured after 2 hours of warm ischemia postcardiac arrest and subjected to 4 hours of cold preservation or EVLP. ATL802, an adenosine A 2B receptor antagonist, was administered to select groups. Four groups (n = 4/group) were randomized: cold preservation (Cold), cold preservation with ATL802 during reperfusion (Cold + ATL802), EVLP (EVLP), and EVLP with ATL802 during ex vivo perfusion (EVLP + ATL802). Lungs subsequently were transplanted, reperfused, and assessed by measuring dynamic lung compliance and oxygenation capacity. Results EVLP + ATL802 significantly improved dynamic lung compliance compared with EVLP (25.0 ± 1.8 vs 17.0 ± 2.4 mL/cmH 2 O, P = .04), and compared with cold preservation (Cold: 12.2 ± 1.3, P = .004; Cold + ATL802: 10.6 ± 2.0 mL/cmH 2 O, P = .002). Oxygenation capacity was highest in EVLP (440.4 ± 37.0 vs Cold: 174.0 ± 61.3 mm Hg, P = .037). No differences in oxygenation or pulmonary edema were observed between EVLP and EVLP + ATL802. A significant decrease in interleukin-12 expression in tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage was identified between groups EVLP and EVLP + ATL802, along with less neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions Severely injured donation after circulatory death lungs subjected to 2 hours of warm ischemia are transplanted successfully after enhanced EVLP with targeted drug therapy. Increased use of lungs after uncontrolled donor cardiac death and prolonged warm ischemia may be possible and may improve transplant wait list times and mortality.
Global and Targeted Pathway Impact of Gliomas on White Matter Integrity Based on Lobar Localization.

Primary brain tumors comprise 28% of all tumors and 80% of malignant tumors. Pathophysiology of high-grade gliomas includes significant distortion of white matter architecture, necrosis, the breakdown of the blood brain barrier, and increased intracranial pressure. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a diffusion weighted imaging technique, can be used to assess white matter architecture. Use of DTI as a non-invasive pathophysiological tool to analyze glioma impact on white matter microstructure has yet to be fully explored. Preliminary assessment of DTI tractography was done as a measure of intracranial tumor impact on white matter architecture. Specifically, we addressed three questions: 1) whether glioma differentially affects local white matter structure compared to metastasis, 2) whether glioma affects tract integrity of major white matter bundles, 3) whether glioma lobe localization affects tract integrity of different white matter bundles. In this study, we retrospectively investigated preoperative DTI scans from 24 patients undergoing tumor resection. Fiber tractography was estimated using a deterministic fiber tracking algorithm in DSI (diffusion spectrum imaging) Studio. The automatic anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas was used to define the left and right (L/R) hemisphere regions of interest (ROI). In addition, the John Hopkins University (JHU) White Matter Atlas was used to auto-segment major white matter bundle ROIs. For all tracts derived from ROI seed targets, we computed the following parameters: tract number, tract length, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD). The DTI tractography analysis revealed that white matter integrity in the hemisphere ipsilateral to intracranial tumor was significantly compromised compared to the control contralateral hemisphere. No differences were observed between high vs low-grade gliomas, however, gliomas induced significantly greater white matter degradation than metastases. In addition, targeted analysis of major white matter bundles important for sensory/motor function (i.e., corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus) revealed tract-parameter specific susceptibility due to the presence of the tumor. Finally, major tract bundles were differentially affected based on lobar localization of the glioma. These DTI-based tractographic analyses complement findings from gross histopathological examination of glioma impact on neural tissue. Global and focal white matter architecture, ipsilateral to glioma, shows higher rates of degradation or edema – based on DTI tractographic metrics – in comparison to normal brain or metastases. Gliomas, which arise in the parietal lobe, also have a higher negative impact (potentially due to increased edema) on white matter integrity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus(SLF) than those which arise in the frontal lobe. Future studies will focus on using preoperative and postoperative tractography to predict functional deficits following resective surgery.
Multilevel Examination of Job Satisfaction and Career Intentions of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: A Quantitative Approach

Context: Recent employment data from collegiate athletic training settings have demonstrated departure trends among men and women. These trends have been hypothesized to be related to work-life ba...
Beyond Neutrality: the Human–Primate Interface During the Habituation Process

Ethnoprimatology explores the ecological, social, and cultural interconnections between humans and other primates. Since the field’s emergence, researchers have examined overlapping human–primate resource use and conflict, human–primate disease transmission, primate folklore and its influence on conservation status, and primate tourism. One facet of the human–primate interface that remains underexplored from an ethnoprimatological perspective is habituation. Habituation—defined as when wild animals accept a human observer as a neutral element of their environment—has long been considered a critical first step for successful primate fieldwork. Although primatologists have explored how to accomplish habituation, little attention has been paid to habituation as a mutually modifying process that occurs between human observers and their primate study subjects. By drawing on the ethnoprimatological approach and engaging with perspectives from human–animal studies, this manuscript examines habituation as a scientific and intersubjective process. Over seven months, we documented behavioral changes in moor macaques (Macaca maura) and human participants that occur during habituation. We also conducted interviews with researchers and local field assistants to track perceptions of habituation progress. Integrating ethological measures with ethnographic material enabled us to explore how and why quantitative markers of habituation “success” differ from subjective impressions, observe habituation—and primate fieldwork in general—as a bidirectional, intersubjective experience, and come to understand habituation as a dynamic spectrum of tolerance rather than a state to be “achieved.” Collectively, these findings have important implications for future work in ethnoprimatology and habituation methodology, as well as the practice of primate fieldwork.
Cross-geography scientific data transferring trends and behavior

Wide area data transfers play an important role in many science applications but rely on expensive infrastructure that often delivers disappointing performance in practice. In response, we present a systematic examination of a large set of data transfer log data to characterize transfer characteristics, including the nature of the datasets transferred, achieved throughput, user behavior, and resource usage. This analysis yields new insights that can help design better data transfer tools, optimize networking and edge resources used for transfers, and improve the performance and experience for end users. Our analysis shows that (i) most of the datasets as well as individual files transferred are very small; (ii) data corruption is not negligible for large data transfers; and (iii) the data transfer nodes utilization is low. Insights gained from our analysis suggest directions for further analysis.
Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Benthic Environments

Cyanobacteria are widespread in freshwater benthic environments, which include wetlands, lake littoral zones, streams and rivers. This chapter outlines the major constraints on cyanobacteria in these environments. Environmental and ecological factors that determine the diversity and biomass of cyanobacteria in the freshwater benthos include physical disturbance in the form of turbulent energy and wetting/drying cycles, temperature, light, nutrients and grazing. Nutrients are particularly important, because their concentrations can control cyanobacteria within and among benthic habitats, and cyanobacteria can reciprocally influence nutrient availability via nitrogen fixation and phosphorus co-precipitation by calcareous species. Top-down control via grazing may also help to explain diverse patterns of cyanobacterial abundance, because of the interactions which occur between the cyanobacteria and their predators. Anthropogenic activities sometimes have a pronounced effect on the environmental conditions that control cyanobacterial diversity and abundance in these habitats and the resulting functional changes in the communities can result in a loss of important ecosystem services provided by these organisms.
The competition between PAOs (phosphorus accumulating organisms) and GAOs (glycogen accumulating organisms) in EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) systems at different temperatures and the effects on system performance.

It is well known and firmly established that the rate of chemical and biochemical reactions slow down as temperature decreases. Nevertheless, several studies have reported that the efficiency of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) improves as temperature decreases. However, several recent studies have reported that EBPR reaction rates decrease with temperature decrease in accordance with the Arrhenius relationship. This study was designed to more thoroughly investigate this controversy using two UCT plants fed with a synthetic wastewater consisting primarily of acetate as the COD form, and a small amount of supplemental yeast extract. Experiments were performed over temperatures ranging from 5 to 20°C. The results showed that, even though the kinetic rates decrease as temperature decreases, EBPR systems perform better at colder temperatures. The reason for better system performance is apparently related to reduced competition for substrate in the non-oxic zones, which results in an increased population of PAOs and, thus, greater EBPR efficiency. The proliferation of PAOs apparently occurs because they are psychrophilic whereas their competitors are not. The experiments showed that the EBPR sludges accumulated high concentrations of both PHA and glycogen at 20°C, but accumulated more PHA and much less glycogen at 5°C. Although the results could be interpreted as the result of changes in the PAO-GAO competition, Mann-Whitney non-parametric comparisons of transmission electron microscopy examinations revealed no indication of the presence of GAOs population under any temperature conditions. Regardless, mass balances of the glycogen data showed that the involvement of glycogen is less at cold temperature, even though EBPR was greater. Unlike current EBPR models (e.g. Mino model), the results suggest that glycogen metabolism is not a precursor for EBPR biochemistry. The results also indicate that temperature not only may cause selective pressure on the dominant organisms, but also may force them to use a different metabolic pathway as temperature decreases.
Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), the biosynthetic enzyme for norepinephrine, is unique among enzymes in that it is localized with a neurotransmitter in storage vesicles and is released with the transmitter during nerve firing. After release, norepinephrine binds to a receptor on a postsynaptic or effector cell, but the released DBH has no known physiological function. Although the exocytotic release of DBH has no readily apparent value to the cell, its release is potentially of great value for neuroscientists. DBH released from noradrenergic tissue can be measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and such measurements may give a chemical evaluation for noradrenergic activity in vivo.80a This chapter reviews and evaluates studies on DBH in CSF, with special reference to the theory that DBH activity in CSF may reflect central noradrenergic activity.
Oxygenation by Methane Monooxygenase: Oxygen Activation and Component Interactions

Methanotrophic bacteria possess the unique ability to utilize methane as the sole source of carbon and energy. Indeed, methane is the only carbon source capable of sustaining vigorous and long term growth of these organisms1. The methanolytic activity of methanotrophs can be ascribed to the elaboration of a unique enzyme, methane monooxygenase2 (MMO), which catalyzes the following reaction: $$ Methane + {O_2} + NADH + {H^ + } \to NA{D^ + } + {H_2}O + Methanol $$
Evaluating the Impact of Building Information Modeling on Project Performance

AbstractThere is growing interest among practitioners to measure the benefits of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and demonstrate the impact that BIM has on projects. In recent years, several re...
Plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, and luteinizing hormone in steers administered ergotamine or ergonovine.

This research investigated whether ergot alkaloids associated with endophyte-infected tall fescue could alter plasma concentrations of pituitary hormones that regulate biological processes related to cattle performance. Seven Angus yearling steers received single i.v. injections of ergotamine tartrate, ergonovine maleate, or saline vehicle in a simple cross-over design. Each steer was given a different compound each week. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 45 min before and 240 min after treatments to assess plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, and LH. Respiratory rates were measured hourly to ascertain a systemic effect. Ambient temperature averaged 34 degrees C during data collection. Treatment x time was a significant source of variation for respiration rate and plasma concentrations of each hormone evaluated. Respiration rates were higher for ergonovine than for saline (P < .02) and ergotamine (P < .07) 30 min after treatment, but they were higher (P < .05) for ergotamine than for ergonovine and saline by 210 min after treatment. Both alkaloids transiently elevated (P < .01) plasma growth hormone concentrations compared with before alkaloid treatment and after saline treatment. Ergotamine reduced (P < .01) plasma concentrations of prolactin and LH throughout the 120-min period after treatment compared with concentrations before ergotamine treatment and after saline treatment. Ergonovine lowered (P < .01) prolactin concentrations for a shorter time than ergotamine and did not affect mean LH concentrations. Results indicated that ergot alkaloids implicated as contributing agents to fescue toxicosis can alter plasma concentrations of pituitary hormones important to cattle production.
The urobiome of continent adult women: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE To characterise the bladder microbiota of continent adult women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of adult women who contributed catheterised urine samples, completed validated symptom questionnaires, and provided demographic data. SETTING US academic medical centre. POPULATION Well-characterised continent adult women. METHODS Participants contributed symptoms questionnaires, demographic data, and catheterised urine samples that were analysed by enhanced urine culture methodology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between demographics and microbial community state structures (urotypes, defined by the dominant taxon of each specimen). RESULTS The bladder microbiota (urobiome) of a control group of 224 continent women were characterised, demonstrating variability in terms of urotype. The most common urotype was Lactobacillus (19%), which did not differ with any demographic. In contrast, the Gardnerella (P < 0.001) and Escherichia (P = 0.005) urotypes were more common in younger and older women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For urobiome research, enhanced culture methods and/or DNA sequencing are the preferred techniques for bacterial detection. The interpretation of clinical tests, such as the standard urine culture, should incorporate the knowledge that some women have Gardnerella or Escherichia urotypes without evidence of any clinical disorder. Clinical care strategies should preserve or restore the beneficial effects of the native urobiome, as disruption of that microbial community could result in unintended vulnerability to uropathogen invasion or opportunistic pathogen overgrowth. Longitudinal studies of urobiome responses to therapies should be encouraged. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT In continent adult women bladder microbiome composition differs by age, with relevance for clinical practice.
Effects of Adherence to Traditional Female Sex Roles on Compliance with Diabetic Regimens: A Case History:

This article investigates the possible association between adherence to traditional feminine sex roles, poor compliance with treatment for diabetes, and the onset of diabetic retinopathy. The autho...