cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Informed Consent

Abstract Although social work students and practitioners readily identify self-determination as a core value and ethical standard, they are less likely to be aware of the parameters constituting informed consent, and how it applies to the multicultural context of many therapy situations. This article draws on the areas of ethics and law to show how they intersect with the needs of a diverse, multicultural client group that encompasses the poor, the elderly, immigrants, and those in ethnic and racial minority populations. It presents informed consent as a process that enhances, supports, and facilitates personal autonomy and interpersonal and social relationships in multicultural social work practice.
Anatomy from the Inside Out

The upper aerodigestive tract is a complex region of human anatomy owing to the diverse and dynamic physiologic functions that it provides. A thorough anatomic understanding provides the basis for comprehending the physiology and pathophysiology of various neurologic laryngeal and pharyngeal diseases. As laryngoscopy, both flexible and direct, has become more common and produces higher resolution images, the importance of maintaining an in-depth understanding of laryngeal anatomy has increased significantly. We discuss pharyngeal and laryngeal anatomy from the luminal perspective to aid in interpreting the laryngoscopic exam. Anatomy is reviewed in a stepwise fashion beginning with the laryngeal skeleton and expanding to include all laryngeal structures. Particular detail is provided for vascular structures in planning microlaryngeal surgery and office-based procedures.
Young woman with Guillain-Barré syndrome and cervical transverse myelitis-A new GBS variant, not coincidence.

A case of antibody proven Guillain Barre Syndrome in a previously healthy young female with extra clinical features, scans, and physical exam findings consistent with cervical spine and cervical medullary junction myelitis, together a new variant to consider.
Adherence to Masculine Norms and Depressive Symptoms in Young Black Men.

Recent reports have highlighted disparities in representation of Black men within research, calling for more work to be done with this group. The authors take up this call by exploring whether adherence to masculine norms influences mental health outcomes among young Black men. The sample included survey responses from 18- to 30-year-old Black men (N = 273) enrolled at five colleges and universities in the midwestern United States. Two theoretically relevant subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (that is, self-reliance and emotional control) were used to measure adherence to masculine norms, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the model fit the data well. Furthermore, self-reliance was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β = .358, p < .001), but emotional control was not (β = .137, p = .099). Study findings suggest that depression treatment interventions should be tailored to incorporate aspects of masculinity that are most salient to young Black men. In addition, social work researchers, clinicians, and service providers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the promotion of mental wellness among this underserved population and should be prepared to attend to young Black men's mental health needs.
Revenue Management and the Rise of the Algorithmic Economy

Revenue management has evolved over the years from its origins in the airline industry into a much broader discipline that analyzes algorithmic methods for demand and marketplace management, but ma...
Controlled radical polymerization of hydrophilic and zwitterionic brush-like polymers from silk fibroin surfaces

Bombyx mori silk fibroin is a fibrous protein whose tunable properties and biocompatibility have resulted in its utility in a wide-variety of applications, including as drug delivery vehicles, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Control of protein and cell attachment is vital to the performance of biomaterials, but silk fibroin is mostly hydrophobic and interacts nonspecifically with cells and proteins. Silk functionalised with hydrophilic polymers reduces attachment, but the low number of reactive sites makes achieving a uniform conjugation a persistent challenge. This work presents a new approach to grow brush-like polymers from the surface of degradable silk films, where the films were enriched with hydroxyl groups, functionalised with an initiator, and finally reacted with acrylate monomers using atom transfer radical polymerisation. Two different routes to hydroxyl enrichment were investigated, one involving reaction with ethylene oxide (EO) and the other using a two-step photo-catalysed oxidation reaction. Both routes increased surface hydrophilicity, and hydrophilic monomers containing either uncharged (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG) pendant groups or zwitterionic pendant groups were polymerised from the surfaces. The initial processing of the films to induce beta sheet structures was found to impact the success of the polymerizations. Compared to the EO modified or unmodified silk surfaces, the oxidation reaction resulted in more polymer conjugation and the surfaces appear more uniform. Mesenchymal stem cell and protein attachment were the lowest on polymers grown from oxidised surfaces. PEG-containing brush-like polymers displayed lower protein attachment than surfaces conjugated with PEG using a previously reported “grafting to” method, but polymers containing zwitterionic side chains displayed both the lowest contact angles and the lowest cell and protein attachment. This finding may arise from the interactions of the zwitterionic pendant groups through their permanent dipoles and is an important finding because PEG is susceptible to oxidative damage that can reduce efficacy over time. These modified silk materials with lower cell and protein attachments are envisioned to find utility when enhanced diffusion around surfaces is required, such as in drug delivery implants.
Effects of Autonomic Nervous System Functioning and Tornado Exposure on Long-Term Outcomes of Aggressive Children

This study examined whether pre-disaster indicators of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity moderated the relation between degree of disaster exposure from an EF-4 tornado and changes in the externalizing and internalizing behavior problems of children at-risk for aggression. Participants included 188 children in 4th-6th grades (65% male; 78% African American; ages 9–13) and their parents from predominantly low-income households who were participating in a prevention study when the tornado occurred in 2011. Fourth-grade children who exhibited elevated levels of aggressive behavior were recruited in three annual cohorts. Parent-rated externalizing and internalizing problems were assessed prior to the tornado (Wave 1; W1), and at 4–12 months (W2), 16–24 months (W3), 42–28 months (W4) and 56–60 months (W5) post-tornado. Children’s pre-tornado Skin Conductance Level (SCL) reactivity and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) withdrawal were assessed at W1 using SCL and RSA measured during resting baseline and during the first 5 min of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Children and parents reported their exposure to tornado-related trauma and disruptions at Wave 3. Children displayed less reduction in externalizing problems if there had been higher child- or parent-reported tornado exposure and less RSA withdrawal, or if they had lower parent-reported TORTE and less SCL reactivity or lower SCL baseline. Highlighting the importance of children’s pre-disaster arousal, higher levels of disaster exposure negatively affected children’s level of improvement in externalizing problems when children had less vagal withdrawal, and when tornado exposure disrupted the protective effects of higher SCL reactivity and higher SCL baseline.
Body composition outcomes of Healthy Fit and the role of acculturation among low-income Hispanics on the US-Mexico border

Hispanic immigrants continue to experience higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts. Acculturation may contribute to unhealthy weight gain among immigrant populations by shifting dietary patterns from high fruit and vegetable consumption to unhealthier high fat diets. Healthy Fit, a culturally tailored community health worker (CHW) intervention, aims to reduce obesity related outcomes by providing physical activity and nutrition education and resources in a low-income Hispanic population. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of Healthy Fit participants and examine changes in body composition in relation to level of acculturation at baseline and follow-up. In this longitudinal observational study, CHWs recruited 514 participants from community events and agencies serving low-income Hispanic populations in El Paso, Texas from 2015 to 2016. Following an in-person health screening, eligible participants received nutrition and physical activity education guided by fotonovelas, comic-like educational books. Telephone follow-ups made at 1, 3, and 6 months by CHWs encouraged follow-through on referrals. 288 participants completed the screening again during the 12-month follow-up. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (96%), female (82%), uninsured (79%), had a household income of less than $19,999 (70%), foreign-born (79%), preferred Spanish (86%) and few rated themselves as good or excellent for English proficiency (27%). Overall, Healthy Fit participants significantly improved (i.e., decreased) BFP by 0.71% (t = 2.47, p = 0.01) but not BMI (b = .01, t = − 0.14, p = .89). Contrary to expectations, acculturation was not associated with lower BMI (b = 0.09, p = 0.84) or BFP (b = 0.13, p = 0.85) at baseline. However, acculturation predicted changes in both BMI (b = 0.30, p = 0.03) and BFP (b = 1.33, p = 0 .01) from baseline to follow-up. Specifically, the low acculturation group improved in body composition measures over time and the high acculturation group did not improve in either measure. Findings suggest Healthy Fit was most effective among less acculturated individuals. The influence of acculturation on the efficacy of nutrition and exercise interventions suggests that Hispanics should not be treated as a homogenous subgroup.
Additive manufacturing process design with differentiable simulations.

We present a novel computational paradigm for process design in manufacturing processes that incorporates simulation responses to optimize manufacturing process parameters in high-dimensional temporal and spatial design spaces. We developed a differentiable finite element analysis framework using automatic differentiation which allows accurate optimization of challenging process parameters such as time-series laser power. We demonstrate the capability of our proposed method through three illustrative case studies in additive manufacturing for: (i) material and process parameter inference using partial observable data, (ii) controlling time-series thermal behavior, and (iii) stabilizing melt pool depth. This research opens new avenues for high-dimensional manufacturing design using solid mechanics simulation tools such as finite element methods. Our codes are made publicly available for the research community at this https URL.
Bilateral Ampiginous Choroiditis following Presumed SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Purpose. To report a case of bilateral ampiginous choroiditis following presumed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case Description. A 25-year-old woman presented with metamorphopsia and a paracentral scotoma in her left eye. She endorsed night sweats, headache, and new-onset anosmia beginning 1 week before her visual symptoms. She also had multiple confirmed ill COVID-19 contacts at her workplace before the onset of her symptoms. Funduscopic examination and multimodal imaging revealed placoid lesions in the macula and midperiphery of both eyes consistent with ampiginous choroiditis. COVID-19 antibody testing returned positive for IgG, and an extensive systemic evaluation was otherwise unremarkable. She was treated with oral prednisone and azathioprine with stabilization of the retinal lesions and no progression of her symptoms. Conclusions. Ampiginous choroiditis is an inflammatory chorioretinopathy with an unknown pathogenic mechanism that often necessitates early immunomodulatory therapy. This report suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger chorioretinal inflammation in susceptible hosts.
The Ets protein Pointed P1 represses Asense expression in type II neuroblasts by activating Tailless

Intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) boost the number and diversity of neurons generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) by undergoing transient proliferation. In the developing Drosophila brains, INPs are generated from type II neuroblasts (NBs). In order to maintain type II NB identity and their capability to produce INPs, the proneural protein Asense (Ase) needs to be silenced by the Ets transcription factor pointed P1 (PntP1), a master regulator of type II NB development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PntP1-mediated suppression of Ase is still unclear. In this study, we utilized genetic and molecular approaches to determine the transcriptional property of PntP1 and identify the direct downstream effector of PntP1 and the cis-DNA elements that mediate the suppression of ase. Our results demonstrate that PntP1 directly activates the expression of the transcriptional repressor, Tailless (Tll), by binding to seven Ets-binding sites, and Tll in turn suppresses the expression of Ase in type II NBs by binding to two hexameric core half-site motifs. We further show that Tll provides positive feedback to maintain the expression of PntP1 and the identity of type II NBs. Thus, our study identifies a novel direct target of PntP1 and reveals mechanistic details of the specification and maintenance of the type II NB identity by PntP1. Author summaryType II neuroblasts (NBs) are the neural stem cells (NSCs) in Drosophila central brains that produce neurons by generating intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) to boost brain complexity, as mammalian NSCs do during the development of neocortex. The key to the generation of INPs from type II NBs is the suppression of proneural protein Asense (Ase) in type II NBs by the Ets family transcription factor Pointed P1 (PntP1), but how PntP1 suppresses Ase expression remains unclear. In this study, we provided evidence to demonstrate that PntP1 directly activates the orphan nuclear receptor Tailless (Tll), which in turn suppresses Ase expression to maintain the capability of type II NBs to produce INPs. Meanwhile, Tll provides positive feedback to maintain the expression of PntP1 and type II NB identity. We further identified seven PntP1 binding sites in the tll enhancer regions and two Tll binding sites in the ase regulatory regions that mediate the activation of tll and the suppression of ase, respectively. Our work reveals detailed mechanisms of the specification and maintenance of the type II NB identity by PntP1.
Trends in the use of the cesarean section operation

Abstract The trends for the cesarean section operations at Sloane Hospital during the past fifteen years shows a rise in the total use of the operation which has shown no discontinuity since 1942. This agrees generally with the averaged curve presented by four of the larger obstetrical services in Manhattan, and undoubtedly represents a valid broadening of the indications for the operation consistent with the safety factors contributed by recent advances in antibacterial and antishock therapy. The increasing trends for the operation are noted most strikingly in placenta previa, followed by cephalopelvic disproportion, and breech presentation. Uterine inertia and fibromyoma show no significant changes in their trends. Malpresentation shows a very recent upward trend. Pre-eclampsia, accidental hemorrhage, and elderly primiparity which were also studied but not detailed show very irregular and unclassifiable trends. Cardiac disease shows a definite fall in the rate of cesarean section. Finally there has been added a new indication for the operation, namely, prolapse of the umbilical cord. This condition may well show an increasing incidence in the future. Concurrent with the increasing incidence of the operation there is a definite shift in the proportion of abdominal deliveries, when compared to the number of vaginal operations. This is even more significant because there has been no change in the total number of all operative deliveries. The implication of this trend is that obstetrics is moving away from the area of vaginal obstetric surgery toward abdominal delivery. In support of this it can be shown that under ideal conditions the abdominal delivery is not more hazardous to the mother than the difficult vaginal operations and is certainly less traumatizing. The risk to the child is decreased as well. Against this trend it may be said that it will lead to unnecessary cesarean sections that are done when a vaginal delivery could have been effected easily and safely for both mother and child. Since it is axiomatic that uncomplicated vaginal deliveries will always be safer than abdominal deliveries, these unnecessary sections done for convenience or because of ignorance cannot be justified.
Data embedding for secure communications

We expand on a new technique for embedding digital information into G.711 encoded speech signals for the purpose of secure data communication. Using the method of types as a tool to analyze the statistical nature of a digital speech signal, we demonstrate a scheme that is capable of embedding tip to 1.6 kbits/sec of additional information into a host signal at an average embedded error rate of 10/sup -4/. This additional bandwidth can be used for the purpose of secure communications and has some intrinsic properties that are very attractive for the proposed application. We suggest such a scheme as a possibility for use in existing telecommunications networks. The overall goal of this approach is to increase the data throughput of a given channel without increasing the transmitted data rate or changing the transmission codes, network protocols or source compression methods. In accomplishing this task, we offer the embedded data stream as a transport for an encrypted signal and argue that the resulting mechanism represents a quite natural multilevel approach to secure communication.
Spontaneous facial expression analysis based on temperature changes and head motions

The existing approaches to automatic emotion analysis rely mostly on visible spectrum data, and very few works have been reported using thermal data for spontaneous facial expression analysis. In this paper, we present a novel infra-red thermal video descriptor in order to improve spontaneous emotion recognition. We first represent each thermal video as a series of clips. The face regions of each clip are warped to the frontal view based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) flow. Meanwhile, we generate a corresponding SIFT flow video clip. Thermal video cuboids are segmented from each thermal video clip based on max pooling and motion video cuboids are segmented from each SIFT flow video clip based on average pooling. Thermal video words and motion video words are clustered by k-means cluster. Finally, each video is represented by a histogram of the bag of SIFT Flow and facial temperature changes video words. The resulting histogram is used as a descriptor for classification by the support vector machine (SVM). Experiments on two thermal databases show the advantage of the new descriptor as compared to the peer approaches for classifying spontaneous facial expressions.
MtDNA evidence for repeated pulses of speciation within arvicoline and murid rodents

We examined temporal aspects of phylogenetic relationships among 5 murid rodent subfamilies and 11 arvicoline genera based on DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene (n = 92) and ND4 gene (n = 17). We found monophyly for Muridae but a polytomy among murid subfamilies. Arvicolinae was monophyletic, but most genera within this subfamily arose from a polytomy. Microtus was monophyletic, but within the genus, species arose rapidly. This pattern of nested pulses (polytomies) was recovered across parsimony, distance, and likelihood methods and indicates that accumulation of taxonomic diversity in murids was sporadic, rather than gradual. Arvicolines appeared in the Late Miocene and diversified later, between 3 and 5 million years ago. A relatively high rate of sequence evolution (i.e., 2.3% in third-position transversions per million years) helps reconcile the diversification of fossils and mtDNA lineages.
On Frequency Response Corrections for Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements

Several potentially significant errors are noted in published frequency-response corrections for eddy-covariance flux measurements.
Transient repression of the lac operon.

Severe transient repression of constitutive or induced β-galactosidase synthesis occurs upon the addition of glucose to cells of Escherichia coli growing on glycerol, succinic acid, or lactic acid. Only mutants particularily well adapted to growth on glucose exhibit this phenomenon when transferred to a glucose-containing medium. No change in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism was observed during transient repression. We could show that transient repression is pleiotropic, affecting all products of the lac operon. It occurs in a mutant insensitive to catabolite repression. It is established much more rapidly than catabolite repression, and is elicited by glucose analogues that are phosphorylated but not further catabolized by the cell. Thus, transient repression is not a consequence of the exclusion of inducer from the cell, does not require catabolism of the added compound, and does not involve a gross change in RNA metabolism. We conclude that transient repression is distinct from catabolite repression.
Grasshopper sparrow reproductive success and habitat use on reclaimed surface mines varies by age of reclamation

We studied 3 mountaintop mining–valley fill (MTMVF) complexes in southern West Virginia, USA to examine grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum pratensis) demographic response to different age classes of mine land reclamation. For 71 nests monitored during the 2001–2002 breeding seasons, overall nest success (36%) was within the range of nest success rates previously reported for this species, but it was highest on more recently reclaimed sites (56%). Nest density and clutch size did not differ (P > 0.30) among reclamation age classes, whereas number of fledglings was greater (P = 0.01) on more recently reclaimed sites. We measured vegetation variables at 70 nest subplots and at 96 systematic subplots to compare nest vegetation with vegetation available on the plots. We found that nests occurred in areas with more bare ground near the nest, greater vegetation height–density surrounding the nest site, lower grass height, and fewer woody stems, similar to previous studies. As postreclamation age increased, vegetation height–density and maximum grass height increased, and sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) became more dominant. Nest success declined with increasing vegetation height–density at the nest. The grasslands available on these reclaimed mine complexes are of sufficient quality to support breeding populations of grasshopper sparrows, but nest success decreased on the older reclaimed areas. Without active management, grasslands on reclaimed MTMVF mines become less suitable for nesting grasshopper sparrows about 10 years after reclamation. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
X-ray induced visible mutations in Habrobracon oocytes.

Dominant lethal, recessive lethal, and visible mutations occur in similar percentages in primary oocytes of Habrobracon x-rayed in a resistant stage, first meiotic prophase (LD/sub 50/ = 12,000 r), and in a sensitive stage, first meiotic metaphase (LD/sub 50/ = 400 r), after comparable doses, 25,000 r and 1100 r respectively. (auth)
Origins and Status of American Botanists

The biographical data on botanists in the ninth edition of American Men of Science , supplemented by limited information from other sources, show a trend toward reduced numbers in the younger age groups, except for a continued increase in physiologists and a stabilized supply of pathologists. The 2640 botanists with bachelor9s degrees from American colleges represent 401 undergraduate institutions, but more than half of them are alumni of a group of 37 large universities supported by public funds and 14 privately endowed colleges. More than 86 percent of the botanists have taken doctorates from 92 graduate schools, but 12 of the largest ones, located chiefly in the state universities, have provided two-thirds of these degrees; more than three-fourths of the candidates came from other colleges for their advanced training. Their fields of employment are predominantly in education and in government service, but appreciable numbers are doing research work for industry or in nonindustrial laboratories.
Effect of storage temperature on the activity of submitochondrial particles.

The submitochondrial particle (SMP) assay employs processed mammalian mitchondria to assess the toxicity of chemical contaminants in aqueous solutions. Particles and associated reagents are commercially available to support two individual procedures, the electron transfer (ETr) and reverse electron transfer (RET) assays. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of storage temperature on SMP activity. One RET and one ETr assay were conducted with sodium dodecylsulfate on each of two vials of particles stored at — 20 and — 80°C at periodic intervals over a six-month span. Results demonstrated that SMP could remain active in either assay through six months of storage at either temperature. However, there were isolated vials of particles stored at —20°C that exhibited unacceptable reductions in activity for both the ETr and the RET assays that were not related to storage duration. These results were used to develop guidance in assessing the acceptability of particle activity in SMP assays.
Products Liability: Implications of Some Changing Property Rights

Introduction, 611.--I. Developments concerning products liability, 612.--II. Implications of alternative assignments of liability, 616.
Simulation of VLSI processing deficiencies in digital integrated circuits

This paper presents circuit level simulation of VLSI circuits to study the effect of processing deficiencies prevalent in the manufacturing environment. Physical deficiencies due to masking and etching and processing irregularities are modeled. In addition, some failures related to non uniform distribution of oxide in polysilicon layers, variation in the channel dimensions and stuck-open faults of CMOS gates are effectively simulated.
The Jenkins Activity Survey measure of type a and frustration-induced anger

The present study examined the physiological and self-report responses of Type A and B males, defined by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), to an anger-inducing frustration manipulation. Subjects jointly performed a task with a confederate and either were or were not frustrated by the confederate in their attempt to gain a prize. Physiological and self-report measures indicated that the frustration manipulation generated anger, but there was no evidence that Type A subjects were more angered than Type B subjects. Such findings may reflect a weakness in the Jenkins Activity Survey for adequately measuring the hostility component of the Type A pattern.
Assessing Measurement Error in Medicare Coverage From the National Health Interview Survey

Objectives Using linked administrative data, to validate Medicare coverage estimates among adults aged 65 or older from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and to assess the impact of a recently added Medicare probe question on the validity of these estimates.
DIRECT NUCLEAR REACTIONS AS TESTS OF TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANCE.

The percentage violation of reciprocity in the cross sections of direct rearrangement reactions is investigated and is shown to be of the same order of magnitude as the percentage strength of the violating force.
Priming effects on temporal order judgments about words: perceived temporal priority or response bias?

In a temporal order judgment task, in which observers select which of two words appeared first, Stolz (1999) found that observers were more likely to select the word that had been semantically primed. Using repetition priming, we replicated Stolz’s finding and extended her results by demonstrating that the effect was due to both (1) repetition priming causing the primed item to be perceived as having occurred earlier and (2) a response bias to guess the repetition primed item as the correct response. We discuss our new finding that priming induces an attentional precedence effect in the context of previous research suggesting that exogenous spatial cuing induces an attentional precedence effect but identity or semantic priming may not.
Abnormal initial QRS vectors in atrial septal defect

Abstract Vectorcardiograms were obtained with the Frank orthogonal system in 31 cases of secundum atrial septal defect. The previously reported findings of frontal QRS clockwise inscription, terminal slowing and increase of the rightward and anterior QRS forces were observed. In addition, abnormal inscription of the initial QRS vectors was observed. The 5 and 10 msec. horizontal QRS vectors were directed to less than 90 ° in 15 and 21 cases, respectively. These were observed in vectorcardiograms showing marked as well as mild to moderate right ventricular hypertrophy. Analysis of biplane cineangiocardiograms in 16 cases revealed varying degrees of posterior and leftward rotation of the interventricular septum. Positive correlation was observed between this and the direction of the 5 and 10 msec. horizontal QRS vectors ( r = +0.68 and +0.67, respectively). No correlation was found between the initial horizontal QRS vectors and the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio, right ventricular systolic pressure, and pulmonary/aortic systolic diameter ratio.
Brief paper: A dual optimization procedure for linear quadratic robust control problems

This paper considers the problem of choosing a single constant linear state feedback control law which produces satisfactory performance for each of several operating points of a system. The model for each operating point is assumed to be linear and the criterion for satisfactory performance is taken to be an infinite horizon quadratic cost functional. This problem is reformulated as a finite dimensional optimization over the linear feedback gains which can be readily solved using standard nonlinear optimization techniques provided a stabilizing initial value of the gains can be found. Although the direct solution of this problem will be discussed briefly, the major portion of the paper will be devoted to solution techniques when an initial stabilizing guess is not available.
Preliminary Estimation Of The Reservoir Capacity And The Longevity Of The Baca Geothermal Field, New Mexico

A 50 MW geothermal power plant is currently under development at the Baca site in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, as a joint venture of the Department of Energy (DOE), Union Oil Company of California, and the Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM). To date, over 20 wells have been drilled on the prospect, and the data from these wells indicate the presence of a high-temperature liquid dominated reservoir. Data from open literature on the field are used to estimate the amount of hot water in place (reservoir capacity) and the length of time the reservoir can supply steam for a 50 MW power plant (reservoir longevity). The reservoir capacity is estimated by volumetric calculations using existing geological, geophysical, and well data. The criteria used are described and the sensitivity of the results discussed. The longevity of the field is studied using a two-phase numerical simulator (SHAFT79). A number of cases are studied based upon different boundary conditions, and injection and production criteria. Constant or variable mass production is employed in the simulations with closed, semi-infinite or infinite reservoir boundaries. In one of the cases, a fault zone feeding the production region is modeled. The injection strategy depends on more » the available waste water. The results of these simulations are discussed and the sensitivity of the results, with respect to mesh size and the relative permeability curves used, are briefly studied. « less
Some Nonlinear Electrohydrodynamic Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract The nonlinear extension of the standard electrohydrodynamic equations for a single mode, in the nematic phase, results in a set of coupled nonlinear equations coupling the space charge density and the local curvature. As a result of the nonlinear form, it is possible to predict, ab-initio, the existence of periodicity. When one uses assumptions of a simplifying nature on the field quantities, the resulting formalism is capable of encompassing, in addition to the usual voltage threshold predictions for the linear approximation, equations which are similar in form to Landau's equation for velocity amplitudes of turbulent fluids suggesting the possibility of a direct explanation of the dynamic scattering mode. Other ramifications of the nonlinear theory of electrohydrodynamics are also discussed.
Analysis of the collagen I and fibronectin of temporomandibular joint synovial fluid and discs.

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the content of synovial fluid aspirates and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc tissue for collagen I and total fibronectin in patients with closed lock. Fibronectin contains dual properties of assisting with wound healing and inducing cartilage degradation. Native fibronectin has been shown to assist with wound repair, whereas particular fibronectin fragments may degrade cartilage. In addition, collagen I is the major supporting protein of the TMJ disc and will degrade as osteoarthritis progresses. Fibronectin or collagen I expression in human TMJ synovial aspirates and disc tissue may indicate the proteins' involvement in closed lock. The hypothesis of this study is that TMJ discs and serum of patients with closed lock will contain an increased amount of fibronectin and decreased amount of collagen I. Materials and Methods We analyzed a total of 8 diseased TMJ discs and 4 diseased synovial fluid aspirates. For our control samples, we assessed 5 synovial samples from healthy patients and control skin samples. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay allowed us to measure the total amount of fibronectin and collagen I in synovial aspirates. Furthermore, we used light microscopy to assess TMJ disc histology and collagen architecture in control skin samples. Lastly, using fluorescent staining, we examined fibronectin and collagen I expression in TMJ discs. We compared the fluorescent staining and light microscopy results of both proteins within each disc to confirm fibronectin and collagen I expression. Results Disc specimens with advanced morphologic pathology showed significant labeling for fibronectin in 3 of 3 cases and for collagen I in 4 of 4 cases. There was no considerable difference in detection of either fibronectin or collagen I in TMJ synovial aspirates from patients with advanced disc pathology compared with controls. Conclusions The levels of fibronectin and collagen I in the TMJ disc and synovial fluid may be influenced by the stage of disease. The results did not provide a clear understanding of fibronectin and collagen I involvement with tissue repair in closed-lock cases. Detection of fibronectin fragments may provide more meaningful results.
Femtosecond synchronously pumped Pyridine dye lasers.

Optical pulses as short as 103 fsec at 695 nm and 263 fsec at 733 nm have been generated in synchronously pumped hybrid Pyridine 1 and Pyridine 2 cw dye lasers, respectively, both using the saturable absorber 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-dicarbocyanine iodide (DDI). These results combine with other data from the same linear cavity to give direct femtosecond generation over the spectral range 560–840 nm.
Characterization of heparin impurities with HPLC-NMR using weak anion exchange chromatography.

A weak anion exchange (WAX) chromatography method coupled to online UV and NMR detection was developed for the separation and structural identification of heparin impurities. This work describes the separation of dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, heparin, and the semisynthetic fully sulfated chondroitin sulfate, FSCS, through a displacement-based mechanism. The WAX separation requires significantly less salt than comparable strong anion exchange chromatography, facilitating NMR detection using a standard commercially produced flow probe. Retention and elution of both heparin and FSCS were found to be highly dependent on pH/pD and salt concentration. The elution time of each analyte could be controlled simply by adjusting a delay prior to introduction of the appropriate salt concentration, with little impact of the extent of the delay on chromatographic peak shape. Both on-flow and stop-flow proton (1H) NMR spectra were acquired to monitor and identify eluting components following separation. The ap...
Lateralization of dichotic noise bursts: Effect of onset and offset disparity

Sound image position associated with the interaural onset or offset disparity of a signal was quantified by a scaling procedure in three experiments. Lateralization cues derived from the steady‐state portion of the broadband noise signal that would support a specific image position were minimized by the use of independent noise sources for each ear. Onset disparities produced lateralization toward the ear at which the sound was presented first, while offset disparity produced lateralization toward the ear at which the sound remained on longer. Disparity was systematically varied between 0 and 10 ms and for a given disparity, a greater shift in the sound image position was obtained when the disparity was at the onset rather than the offset. The duration of the shorter signal ranged from 2.5–100 ms and for either onset or offset disparity, the image of stimuli of long duration tended to remain near the center of the head, while those of shorter duration could be moved to more extreme positions. In an attempt to rule out dichotic loudness cues as a basis for the lateralization associated with offset disparity, stimuli were presented with equal energy at each ear. Image position for equal energy was virtually identical to that for equal sound pressure, suggesting that loudness differences are not mediating lateralization associated with offset disparity.
The relationship between adolescents' civic knowledge, civic attitude, and civic behavior and their self-reported future likelihood of voting.

A long-standing objective of American public education is fostering civically engaged youth. Identifying characteristics associated with likelihood of future voting, a measure of democratic partici...
Ascaris suum antigens incorporated into liposomes used to stimulate protection to migrating larvae.

Abstract Four- to 8-week-old SPF pigs were immunized, using antigens of Ascaris suum incorporated into liposomes, via intestinal cannula or orally. Avridine was also incorporated in the liposomes in one experiment and interleukin-2 (IL-2) injected into pigs in another experiment. A priming dose of embryonate eggs (80–470 eggs/pig) were given in four of six experiments. Compared to control animals, the greatest protection of pigs to migrating ascarid larvae from a challenge dose of 10 000 embryonated eggs occurred where pigs received (1) a priming dose of eggs plus second-stage ascarid larval wall incorporated into liposomes, with or without avridine or IL-2, or (2) a priming dose of eggs plus ascarid intestinal aminopeptidase incorporated into liposomes with IL-2. The degree of protection was not statistically significant due, in part, to the variability in the responses of animals in the same treatment groups and the small number of animals per group. In general, only low titers of specific serum antibodies were detected and specific antibodies were not detected in the intestinal washing.
Efficient adenylyl cyclase activation by a β2-adrenoceptor-Giα2 fusion protein

The G-protein G(i)alpha can activate adenylyl cyclase (AC), but the relevance of this AC activation is unknown. We used receptor-G protein co-expression and receptor-G protein fusion proteins to investigate G(i)alpha(2) regulation of AC in Sf9 cells. G(i)alpha(2) was fused to the beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)AR), a preferentially G(s)-coupled receptor, or the formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a G(i)-coupled receptor. The FPR co-expressed with, or fused to, G(i)alpha(2), reduced AC activity. In contrast, the beta(2)AR fused to G(i)alpha(2) was a highly efficient AC activator, while the beta(2)AR co-expressed with G(i)alpha(2) was not. Agonist efficiently stimulated incorporation of [alpha-32P]GTP azidoanilide into beta(2)AR-G(i)alpha(2). We explain AC activation by beta(2)AR-G(i)alpha(2) by a model in which there is interaction of the beta(2)AR and AC, preventing tethered G(i)alpha(2) from interacting with the inhibitory G(i)alpha site of AC. The postulated beta(2)AR/AC interaction brings G(i)alpha(2) into close proximity of the G(s)alpha site of AC, enabling G(i)alpha(2) to activate AC.
Modeling Diffusion and Vesiculation in Defective Human Erythrocyte Membrane

The hemolytic disorders of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) affect the lives of millions of individuals worldwide. In HS and HE, connections in the vertical and horizontal directions between components of the RBC membrane (see Fig. 1(a)), are disrupted due to defective proteins, leading to loss of the structural and functional integrity of the membrane (1–2). Moreover, disruptions of either the vertical interactions or horizontal interactions affect the lateral diffusivity of the mobile band 3 proteins, as the motion of band 3 in the RBC membrane is confined by the cytoskeleton (3). Although a number of coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) RBC membrane models have been developed in the past two decades, very few RBC membrane models have been used to study the disordered band 3 diffusion and membrane vesiculation in HS and HE. The implicit representations of either the lipid bilayer or the cytoskeleton in these membrane models limit their applications in the membrane instability problems in HS and HE. In this extended abstract, we develop a two-component CGMD human RBC membrane model that explicitly comprises both the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton. In this way, the interactions between the cytoskeleton and the proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer can be simulated. The proposed model allows us to measure the band 3 lateral mobility and simulate the process of membrane vesiculation in the membrane with protein defects.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis characterized by mucosal inflammation, rash, cervical adenopathy, indurative edema of the hands and feet, and late membranous desquamation of the fingertips. Early cardiac effects include myocarditis (occasionally with congestive heart failure), pericardial inflammation, and, rarely, valve involvement. Coronary artery aneurysms are a long-term concern because coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction can be a late manifestation. The origin of Kawasaki disease is unknown, but an infectious agent is most likely. Management consists of aspirin for control of fever and inflammatory manifestations and intravenous gamma globulin for the prevention of coronary aneurysm formation. Careful late follow-up is required, especially for patients with persistent coronary abnormalities. Giant aneurysms (>8 mm) are more likely to progress to coronary obstructive disease, and coronary bypass grafts have been required for some patients. Late coronary artery manifestations in patients with mild early coronary dilatation have not been described. However, since long-term epidemiologic studies have not yet been performed, it is prudent to consider childhood Kawasaki disease to be a potential risk factor for coronary disease, especially in atherosclerosis-prone Western societies. (JAMA. 1991;265:2699-2703)
A sharp eye for her SOI: perception and misperception of female sociosexuality at zero acquaintance

Abstract Two studies supported the hypothesis that female sociosexuality can be accurately detected by strangers based on thin slices of observable behavior. Twenty-four female participants, whose sexual strategies ranged from highly restricted to highly unrestricted, were video taped while interacting with a male confederate. In Study 1, raters' judgments of the women's sociosexuality were highly correlated with the women's self-reported sociosexuality. Study 2 replicated this finding and identified specific cues perceivers used to make their judgments. We identified (1) Valid cues (e.g., eyebrow flashes, glances at the confederate), which were associated with both targets' actual sociosexuality and raters' perceptions of sociosexuality; (2) Poor cues (e.g., hand gestures, posture), which were not correlated with actual or perceived sociosexuality; and (3) Misleading cues (e.g., provocativeness of dress, physical attractiveness), which were not associated with actual sociosexuality, but were correlated with perceptions of sociosexuality. Statistically controlling for valid cues (but not poor cues or misleading cues) reduced the relationship between perceived and actual sociosexuality, suggesting that perceiving these traits may partially account for perceiver accuracy. The accurate detection of traits in others may play an important role in helping people respond adaptively to important social threats and opportunities.
Active rifting in southwestern Mexico: Manifestations of an incipient eastward spreading-ridge jump

A major, ongoing episode of continental rifting has formed a system of three intersecting grabens in the western Mexican volcanic belt. These structures may mark the initial stage of an eastward spreading-ridge jump beneath continental crust. Eastward ridge-segment jumps have been propagating northward along this part of the East Pacific Rise for the past 12 m.y., but this is the first plate-boundary reorganization event to involve continental crust since the separation of Baja California in the Miocene. Since Pliocene time, small volumes of unusual alkaline magmas have erupted in the graben areas in close association with the more abundant, subduction-related calc-alkaline magmas erupted from andesitic stratovolcanoes. The alkaline magmas are varieties found in zones of active rifting elsewhere in the world.
Somali Current rings in the eastern Gulf of Aden

[1] New satellite-based observations reveal that westward translating anticyclonic rings are generated as a portion of the Somali Current accelerates northward through the Socotra Passage near the mouth of the Gulf of Aden. Rings thus formed exhibit azimuthal geostrophic velocities exceeding 50 cm/s, are comparable in overall diameter to the width of the Gulf of Aden (250 km), and translate westward into the gulf at 5-8 cm/s. Ring generation is most notable in satellite ocean color imagery in November immediately following the transition between southwest (boreal summer) and northeast (winter) monsoon regimes. The observed rings contain anomalous fluid within their core which reflects their origin in the equator-crossing Somali Current system. Estimates of Socotra Passage flow variability derived from satellite altimetry provide evidence for a similar ring generation process in May following the winter-to-summer monsoon transition. Cyclonic recirculation eddies are observed to spin up on the eastern flank of newly formed rings with the resulting vortex pair translating westward together. Recent shipboard and Lagrangian observations indicate that vortices of both sign have substantial vertical extent and may dominate the lateral circulation at all depths in the eastern Gulf of Aden.