cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1729: Mitochondrial necrosis pathway drives tumor progression.

Necrosis is a prominent feature of aggressive and invasive cancers. Previous clinical/epidemiological studies have suggested an association between the extent of tumor necrosis and poor prognosis and survivorship for some cancers. Evasion of apoptosis is widely accepted as a hallmark of cancer. However, whether necrotic cell death plays no role, limits, or drives carcinogenesis has not been studied in any cancer. Recent work suggests that necrosis may be an actively regulated form of cell death. In contrast to apoptosis where permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane is the defining event, the central event in necrosis is the opening of a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane termed the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Cyclophilin D, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase in the mitochondrial matrix, encoded by the gene ppif, is critical for opening of the mPTP. Stable expression of ppif shRNA was used to deplete cyclophilin D in Met-1 cells, a metastatic breast cancer cell line. We first confirmed that knockdown of ppif in Met-1 cells abrogated necrosis, but not apoptosis. When these cells were transplanted into the mammary glands of wildtype FVB mice, tumors resulting from cells that express ppif shRNA were markedly smaller, with decreased volume and mass, than those derived from cells expressing control shRNA. Reconstitution of ppif knockdown cells with wild type cyclophilin D, but not an enzymatically inactive mutant, rescued tumor volume and mass. As expected, tumors arising from ppif knockdown cells exhibited less necrosis, while rates of apoptosis were unchanged. Moreover, rates of BrdU incorporation were significantly decreased in these tumors. Necrotic cell death is characterized by loss of plasma membrane integrity resulting in a marked inflammatory response. Neutrophils and macrophages recruited to tumors often secrete growth/survival/angiogenic factors that promote tumor growth and metastasis. Consistent with this model, both macrophage and neutrophil recruitment were reduced in tumors derived from ppif knockdown cells. In addition, rates of spontaneous pulmonary metastasis were markedly decreased in mice harboring tumors derived from ppif knockdown cells compared with controls. Our data suggest that, in contrast to apoptotic cell death which limits carcinogenesis, necrotic cell death actually drives disease progression by altering the tumor microenvironment. These findings may have therapeutic implications in that they suggest that inhibition - rather than promotion - of necrotic cell death may provide a novel treatment paradigm for some cancers. Citation Format: Melissa K. James, Richard N. Kitsis. Mitochondrial necrosis pathway drives tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1729. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1729
AAL-Oriented TOF Sensor Network for Indoor Monitoring

One distinctive feature of ambient assisted living-oriented systems is the ability to provide assistive services in smart environments as elderly people need in their daily life. Since time-of-flight vision technologies are increasingly investigated as monitoring solution able to outperform traditional approaches, in this work an application-driven monitoring framework based on a time-offlight sensor network has been investigated with the aim to provide a widerange solution suitable in several assisted living scenarios. Detector nodes are managed by a low-power embedded PC to process time-of-flight streams and extract features related with person’s activities. The feature level of detail is tuned in an application-driven manner in order to optimize both bandwidth and computational resources. Furthermore, the platform architecture is conceived as a modular system suitable to be integrated into third-party middleware to provide monitoring functionalities in several application contexts. The event detection capabilities were validated by using synthetic and real datasets collected in both controlled and real-home environments. Results shown the soundness of the presented solution to adapt at different application requirements, detecting correctly events related within four relevant AAL scenarios.
Relief from situational insomnia. Pharmacologic and other options.

PreviewInsomnia affects nearly everyone from time to time. In many instances, it is situational, that is, it results from concerns about work or family life or disruptions in daily routine. Lack of sleep, even short-term, can affect daytime performance, and when improperly managed, situational insomnia can lead to chronic problems. A variety of treatment methods are readily available. In this article, Dr Gillin offers practical guidelines for determining who should be treated and how.
Comparison of comprehension of two forms of compressed speech.

An experiment was performed to determine the influence of word rate and the method used in compressing speech upon listening comprehension. One group of subjects heard speech made rapid by means of the Tempo Regulator. The other group heard speech made rapid by playing a record at a faster speed than the one used during recording. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, and each subgroup heard the selection at a different accelerated word rate. The three word rates employed were 253, 300, and 350 words per minute. Following this, subjects took a multiple choice test of listening comprehension based upon the selection heard. The analysis of variance of test scores showed the word rate variable to be highly significant. However, the method used in compressing speech was not a significant variable.
Corporate Governance: a New Theory and Reform of the Family-Based Corporate Governance System in Asia

In this chapter I want to probe the question of corporate governance not only in the context of post-crisis Asia, but also as a general problem that exists in any complex capitalist economy. The scandals that erupted in the United States, beginning with the notorious Enron affair in 2002 are reminders, if such reminders are necessary, that complex problems of governance are more ubiquitous than both big business and most economic theorists have acknowledged hitherto.
Reading as a Moral Activity: the Importance of Wayne C. Booth’s The Rhetoric of Fiction

Wayne C. Booth has produced one of the most important achievements of literary criticism of our time. Beginning with The Rhetoric of Fiction (1961), and including Now Don’t Try to Reason with Me (1970), Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent (1974), A Rhetoric of Irony (2974), and Critical Understanding: the Powers and Limits of Pluralism (1979), Booth has conducted a brilliant, impassioned, and ebullient defence of reading, communication, and reason. ‘For me,’ he writes in A Rhetoric of Irony, ‘one good reading of one good passage is worth as much as anything there is, because the person achieving it is living life fully in that time’ (RI, p. xii).1 While A Rhetoric of Irony is an immensely learned and useful discussion and Critical Understanding is an important defence of humanistic criticism, our focus will be on The Rhetoric of Fiction, which stands more than two decades after publication as a critical masterwork.
Mechanisms of Influence and the Distribution of Authority

This book has thus far identified the TCSOs involved in the IDA-10, determined their impacts, and explored their agenda setting and their interactions with one another. This chapter explores their mechanisms of influence. TCS advocacy has limited the Bank’s technocratic independence and forced it to consider certain stakeholder demands in its decision-making. Yet in the IDA-10 engagement, certain TCSOs were noticeably more successful than others in achieving their desired impacts on the World Bank.
History of Intramedullary Nailing

The first surgeon to begin to think about and experiment with intramedullary fixation was Nicholas Senn in 1893. In 1937, the brothers Rush began to use long thin flexible steel wires to stabilize long bone fractures. The method continued in Vienna as the Ender school of fracture fixation. Robert Danis began making nails in 1938 and used short intramedullary implants for various fractures. Kuntscher instituted three important advances which were the insertion of nails from an entrance point at a distance from the fracture site, the use of an implant of sufficient caliber to allow for mechanical function of a fractured limb, and the placement of a medullary implant the full length of the marrow canal. Kuntscher’s first nailing procedure in a human was in 1939. Beginning in 1970, Klemm devised implants based on conventional open section nails with holes for bone screws. Contemporary, Grosse and Kempf worked to make their own interlocking nails. By 1984, interlocking nailing of the femur and tibia was an accepted procedure in North-America. More recently, unreamed closed-section nailing was touted as a solution to the problem of pulmonary insufficiency in the multiply injured patient. Future research will bring a better understanding of the relationship of the biology of the long bones to mechanics.
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS: SURGICAL TREATMENT AND RESULTS

This paper is based on 143 cases of spondylolisthesis, in which operation was performed at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1922 to 1940 inclusive. In 79 per cent. of the cases the patients were twenty to forty-nine years of age. One hundred and twelve, or 78.3 per cent., of the patients were males, while thirty-one, or 21.7 per cent., were females. In 72 per cent. of the cases, the patients had been engaged in occupations which entailed heavy work. There was a history of trauma in ninety, or 62.9 per cent., of the cases. In 10.3 per cent. of the cases the history and appearance of the patient did not immediately cause the examining physician to consider the presence of spondylolisthesis. In these cases the diagnosis was made incidentally during extensive physical and roentgenographic examination to determine the cause of obscure symptoms. Backache, with or without pain in the legs, was the chief symptom in 90.2 per cent. of the 143 cases. In 95.1 per cent. of the cases, the subluxation involved the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae or the lumbosacral interspace. In cases in which sciatic pain is a prominent symptom, it is necessary to consider the coexistence of protrusion of an intervertebral disc. Postoperative complications occurred in fourteen cases. Infection occurred in eight of these cases and phlebitis in six. Follow-up data were obtained in 118 of the 143 cases. In the 118 cases the results were as follows: good in seventy-one, or 60.1 per cent.; improved in thirty-three, or 28 per cent.; and unimproved in fourteen, or 11.9 per cent. In 87.6 per cent. of the 118 cases, the patients were able to engage in a gainful occupation after operation, and in 66.4 per cent. of the cases the patients were able to resume their former occupations.
Engineering spins in quantum dot molecules for scalable quantum photonics

We analyze the physics underlying emergent spin properties in self-assembled InAs Quantum Dot Molecules. We describe opportunities to engineer these structures for scalable and in situ tunable quantum photonic devices.
Avoidance Learning, Extinction and Latent Extinction: A Methodological Note

Simple methodological analysis reveals the impossibility of latent extinction of an avoidance response. Extension of the logic suggests some reasons for the resistance to extinction of the avoidance response.
Incremental validity of perceived control dimensions in the differential prediction of interpretive biases for threat

This study evaluated whether a diminished perception of control over environmental and interoceptive events differentially predicted interpretive biases for threat for ambiguous scenarios. The sample had 95 participants without a history of psychopathology. Results indicated that the internal dimension of the Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ; R. M. Rapee, M. G. Craske, T. A. Brown, & D. H. Barlow, 1996) was predictive of interpretive biases for internal scenarios above and beyond demographic variables, subclinical panic attack history, and state anxiety; the external control subscale of the ACQ also was predictive of internal rank-ordered responses. The ACQ external dimension was predictive of interpretive responses for external scenarios beyond the effects accounted for by the other predictor variables, including perceived control for internal events. These findings provide initial correlational evidence consistent with cognitive–behavioral accounts of panic disorder that posit a perceived lack of control over aversive events may exacerbate an interpretive bias for threat.
Development and application of a self-report measure for assessing sensitive information disclosures across multiple modes

Building on the literature that approaches self-disclosure as a decision-making process, we proposed a self-reported Sensitive Information Disclosure (SID) measure and tested the measure's reliability and validity in two studies across a variety of interview modes and settings. We used theory to identify potential dimensions of sensitive information disclosures, created potential scale items, performed two separate card sorts, and validated the resulting pool of items in two separate experiments. Participants answered the SID scale items following an interview involving sensitive information, potential risk, and after-disclosure vulnerability. Study 1 was a laboratory experiment conducted with 165 university students. Exploratory factor analysis results revealed a two-factor structure, Personal Discomfort and Revealing Personal Information. Study 2 replicated these procedures using confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the factor structure and demonstrate the scale's reliability and validity, with a sample of 77 students and 275 participants from Amazon's M-Turk. Together, these results demonstrate that the proposed 11-item SID scale has good convergent and discriminant validity as well as good reliability. A quasi-experimental application of the measure is illustrated using the substantive findings from Study 2. This research fills a gap in the literature by developing a topic-free scale to measure SID as a dependent variable. The ability to accurately measure sensitive information disclosure is an important and necessary step toward developing a more thorough understanding of how people feel and react when asked to provide personal information in diverse interview settings.
Dual-Energy CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis: Radiation Dose Considerations

Dual-energy CT offers several new applications and opportunities for routine clinical practice. Increasing utilization in the context of both routine practice and clinical research raises questions about expected radiation dose when compared with conventional single-energy exams. Despite initial concerns, advanced iterative reconstruction techniques and creation of virtual unenhanced images in multiphase acquisitions offer methods for dose reduction. Although dose varies across patients and scanners, modern dual-energy exams allow for comparable and potentially decreased radiation dose when compared with single-energy CT. In this review, we examine dual-energy radiation dose considerations with discussion of accepted ACR diagnostic reference levels.
Abstract 18234: miR-362-3p Decreases hERG Expression and is Associated With an Unidentified Form of Congenital Long-QT Syndrome

Introduction: Endogenous microRNAs (miRs) regulate cardiovascular disease by modulating diverse cellular processes. We recently discovered that miRs may mediate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1533317) and QT interval prolongation; identified in a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS). The objective of this research was to assess the ability of the identified miRs to regulate the expression of hERG (i.e. KCNH2). Methods: Through a previous genome-wide integrated miR-transcriptome analysis, the expression of 9 miRs were significantly associated with rs1533317 (p -5 ). To assess this relationship further, a correlation analyses between transcriptome and miRNome data was performed related to the down-regulation of KCNH2. The potential targeting of KCNH2 by miR was validated using a Dual-Luciferase Assay of the KCNH2 3′-UTR. SK-Br-3 cells were co-transfected with miR mimic or negative control and the KCNH2-3’UTR reporter clone. The reporter plasmid, renilla, was used to control for transfection efficiency. To further assess the ability of miRs to down-regulate KCNH2, SK-Br-3 cells (endogenous KCNH2 expression) were transfected with miR mimic or control and KCNH2 protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results: Out of the 9 assessed, miRs 362-3p, 98, 148, 129*, and 186 were significantly associated with down-regulation of KCNH2 based on the transcriptome and miRNome data (p Conclusion: Upregulation of miR-362-3p decreases KCNH2 expression and may be the underlying mechanism for a previously reported unidentified form of LQTS regulated by rs1533317.
Driver Vigilance in Automated Vehicles: Hazard Detection Failures Are a Matter of Time.

Objective:The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether monitoring the roadway for hazards during automated driving results in a vigilance decrement.Background:Although automated vehicles are relatively novel, the nature of human-automation interaction within them has the classic hallmarks of a vigilance task. Drivers must maintain attention for prolonged periods of time to detect and respond to rare and unpredictable events, for example, roadway hazards that automation may be ill equipped to detect. Given the similarity with traditional vigilance tasks, we predicted that drivers of a simulated automated vehicle would demonstrate a vigilance decrement in hazard detection performance.Method:Participants “drove” a simulated automated vehicle for 40 minutes. During that time, their task was to monitor the roadway for roadway hazards.Results:As predicted, hazard detection rate declined precipitously, and reaction times slowed as the drive progressed. Further, subjective ratings of workload and...
The effective integration of ICTs in universities: the role of knowledge and academic experience of professors

Despite the fact that investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs) in universities has increased dramatically, there is no clear evidence that ICTs have been incorporated effecti...
Viral suppression among HIV-infected methadone-maintained patients: The role of ongoing injection drug use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Abstract Introduction Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is associated with improved virologic outcomes, yet no studies have explored factors associated with viral suppression in HIV-infected patients on MMT. Given the critical role of sustained viral suppression in maximizing benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), we sought to assess factors associated with viral suppression in patients stabilized on MMT. Methods A sample of 133 HIV-infected, methadone-maintained patients who reported HIV-risk behaviors were assessed using an audio-computer assisted self-interview (ACASI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant correlates of viral suppression. Results Among all participants, self-reported HIV risk behaviors were highly prevalent and over 80% had achieved viral suppression. Independent correlates of viral suppression were: having optimal adherence to ART (aOR = 4.883, p = .009), high CD4 count (aOR = 2.483, p = .045), and ongoing injection drug use (aOR = 0.081, p = .036). Furthermore, results revealed a significant interaction effect that involved optimal ART adherence and injection of drug use on viral suppression (aOR = 2.953, p = .029). Conclusion Overall, our findings highlight unaddressed HIV-related treatment challenges faced by certain group of methadone-maintained patients. These findings have significant implications for the HIV treatment as prevention efforts and, thus, indicate the need for comprehensive efforts to promote viral suppression in this risk population.
Pulmonary surgery in immunosuppressed patients.

Six immunosuppressed patients were subjected to thoracic surgical procedures for the treatment of pulmonary complications; 5 were receiving drugs to prevent homograft rejection, and the sixth had congenital sex-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. The indications for intervention were lung perforation (4 examples), bronchiectasis (1 example), and unyielding atelectasis (1 example). Pulmonary resection was carried out in 5 instances and closed chest thoracostomy drainage in the sixth. Two of the patients made a complete recovery. The other 4, including all those who had lung perforation and a bronchopleural fistula, died of overwhelming infections. It has been suggested that earlier operation for an expanding cavitary lesion may be one way of improving the results if it is anticipated that rupture is likely.
Genetic dissection of the assembly of microtubules and their role in mitosis.

Mitosis is a phenomenon which has intrigued biologists ever since Flemming first observed dividing cells under the microscope in 1879. Since then, a good deal has been learned about the events in mitosis and the structures which are involved. For example, we know that in mammalian cells, mitosis generally begins with a change in the morphology of the cell to a more rounded configuration. At the same time, spindle microtubules start to form at the spindle poles and the chromosomes begin to condense. As the nuclear membrane disappears, the chromosomes become attached to the spindle poles through their kinetochore to pole microtubules. Then, in rapid succession, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, sister chromatids on each chromosome migrate to opposite poles of the spindle, and the spindle itself begins to elongate. Next, a cleavage furrow, created by contractile actin-myosin filaments, forms between the spindle poles and constricts the cytoplasm capturing the interpolar microtubules in a midbody and creating two daughter cells. As the cells exit mitosis and re-enter the G1 portion of the cell cycle, the nuclear membrane reforms, the chromosomes decondense, and cytoplasmic microtubules reform.
266. Implementation and Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Managed Pediatric Vancomycin Protocol

Background Pediatric studies have shown that pharmacist-guided vancomycin dosing leads to reduction in time to initial target vancomycin trough, duration of vancomycin therapy, time to clinical stability, and shorter hospital stay. At Boston Medical Center, 65% of pediatric patients receiving vancomycin did not achieve initial therapeutic troughs between 10 and 20 μg/mL from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. Through implementation of a pharmacist-managed pediatric vancomycin protocol, the project aim was to increase the percentage of patients achieving initial therapeutic troughs from 35% to 60% and percentage of patients achieving therapeutic troughs within 3 days from 67% to 90% by May 1, 2018. Secondary aims included reducing the incidence of supratherapeutic troughs from 10% to 5% and maintaining the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (VAN) at 0%.
Data Center Temperature Control using PI System and MATLAB

Several existing models are highly effective in predicting air temperature distributions of data centers. However, the complexity of these approaches requires significant computation time, making it difficult to control parameters in real time. Furthermore, lack of communication between inputs such as cooling infrastructure and outputs results in latency in receiving the relevant data and enacting changes. The goal of this case study is to demonstrate a simple heuristic model that enacts automatic controls to maintain a target server inlet air temperature by changing CRAC return air temperature set points. Data are collected and gathered with the PI System from OSIsoft, and are then imported into MATLAB, where regressions and conditionals are applied to generate a new optimal return air temperature set point. The new set point is written back into the PI system, which results in overwriting of the Building Management System via MODBUS communication. In addition, displays and notifications allow users for more effective monitoring of the conditions of the data center. The model developed from this case study represents an effective baseline for maintaining a target inlet air temperature for a server rack using real-time control techniques.
A Lightweight Approach to Academic Research Group Management Using Online Tools: Spend More Time on Research and Less on Management

After years of taking a trial-and-error approach to managing a moderate-size academic research group, I settled on using a set of online tools and protocols that seem effective, require relatively little effort to use and maintain, and are inexpensive. This paper discusses this approach to communication, project management, document and code management, and logistics. It is my hope that other researchers, especially new faculty and research scientists, might find this set of tools and protocols useful when determining how to manage their own research group. This paper is targeted toward research groups based in mathematics and engineering, although faculty in other disciplines may find inspiration in some of these ideas.
Early Evidence of the Impact of Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and the Use of Other Substances: Findings from State Policy Evaluations

Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and the public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns of cannabis use and the use and harms associated with other substances.Objectives: To review existing research on how state cannabis policy impacts substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference and highlighting gaps in our understanding of policy impacts on evolving cannabis markets.Methods: Narrative review of quasi-experimental studies for how medical cannabis laws (MCLs) and recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) affect cannabis use and use disorders, as well as the use of or harms from alcohol, opioids, and tobacco.Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent cannabis use, and provisions of the laws associated with less regulated supply may increase adult cannabis use disorders. These laws may reduce some opioid-related harms, while their impacts on alcohol and tobacco use remain uncertain. Research on RCLs is just emerging, but findings suggest little impact on the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use, potential increases in college student use, and unknown effects on other substance use.Conclusions: Research on how MCLs influence cannabis use has advanced our understanding of the importance of heterogeneity in policies, populations, and market dynamics, but studies of how MCLs relate to other substance use often ignore these factors. Understanding effects of cannabis laws requires greater attention to differences in short- versus long-term effects of the laws, nuances of policies and patterns of consumption, and careful consideration of appropriate control groups.
Transitions between equilibria in bilingual games under logit choice

Abstract We study the effect of introducing a bilingual option on the long run equilibrium outcome in a class of two-strategy coordination games with distinct payoff and risk dominant equilibria under the logit choice rule. Existing results show that in the class of two-strategy games under consideration, the inefficient risk dominant equilibrium is selected in the long run under noisy best response models. We show that if the cost of the bilingual option is sufficiently low then the efficient payoff dominant equilibrium will be selected in the long run under the logit choice rule.
Privacy controls for always-listening devices

Intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) and other voice-enabled devices already form an integral component of the Internet of Things and will continue to grow in popularity. As their capabilities evolve, they will move beyond relying on the wake-words today's IVAs use, engaging instead in continuous listening. Though potentially useful, the continuous recording and analysis of speech can pose a serious threat to individuals' privacy. Ideally, users would be able to limit or control the types of information such devices have access to. But existing technical approaches are insufficient for enforcing any such restrictions. To begin formulating a solution, we develop a systematic methodology for studying continuous-listening applications and survey architectural approaches to designing a system that enhances privacy while preserving the benefits of always-listening assistants.
Hemodynamic effects of standard versus larger-capacity intraaortic balloon counterpulsation pumps.

OBJECTIVE Several recent trials have examined the clinical utility of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation pumps (IABPs) in cardiogenic shock and acute coronary syndromes. More recently, a larger-capacity 50 cc IABP was introduced into practice. No data comparing the hemodynamic effects of the 40 cc vs 50 cc IABP exist. Our aim was to explore the hemodynamic effects of the 50 cc IABP in real-world clinical practice. METHODS Demographic, hemodynamic, and laboratory data were retrospectively examined in 26 consecutive subjects treated with a 50 cc IABP and compared with 26 patients receiving a 40 cc IABP between 2012 and 2013. IABP tracings were analyzed within 24 hours of implantation in all patients. Pulmonary artery catheter data were available before and after IABP implantation in 20 subjects. RESULTS Baseline demographics, including body surface area, were similar between groups. Compared with the 40 cc IABP group, 50 cc IABP recipients showed higher augmented diastolic blood pressure, greater systolic unloading, and a larger reduction in pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure (PCOP). Percent diastolic augmentation was higher among 50 cc IABP recipients. Only 58% of subjects achieved <10 mm Hg of systolic unloading in the 40 cc group compared with 27% in the 50 cc group. For both the 40 cc and 50 cc IABPs, the magnitude of systolic unloading correlated inversely with PCOP and directly with the magnitude of diastolic augmentation. CONCLUSION In real-world practice, greater systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation were observed among 50 cc vs 40 cc IABP recipients. Future trials evaluating the clinical utility of the 50 cc IABP are required.
The Influence of Yoga on Traumatic Brain Injury Related to Sleep and Mood

A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as an acquired injury that is the result of direct damage to the brain [1]. A TBI can occur quickly and unexpectedly, but often has a long-term effect on an individual’s physiological and neurological abilities [2,3].
Controls on reservoir properties in organic-matter-rich shales: Insights from MICP analysis

Abstract Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analysis was used to study organic-matter-rich Devonian shales varying in maturity from marginally mature to postmature to discuss controls on drainage and imbibition in shale reservoirs. Six samples come from the New Albany Shale; their total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 3.3 to 8.4% and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) from 0.54 to 1.42%. One Marcellus Shale sample with Ro 2.50% was used to extend the maturity range to the advanced dry gas window. Three coal samples of varying rank were also included for comparison. Porosity of the shales ranges from 1.5 to 5.0%, and MICP-derived permeability ranges from 0.17 to 9.9 mD. Injection capillary pressure curves have a range of entry pressures from 0.055 to 0.421 MPa, and no relationship of entry pressure with maturity was revealed. Maturity, however, has an influence on pore size distribution, with the higher-maturity samples having significantly lower volumes of pores with throats less than 10 nm in diameter. Withdrawal capillary pressure curves document a wide range of withdrawal efficiencies from 55% to almost 100%, and pores having throats between 3 and 50 nm in diameter play a major role in the ability of mercury to be released from the pore system. The obtained data provide valuable information about shale properties and their behavior not only in the air-mercury system but also under reservoir conditions.
Electromagnetic Design Characterization of a Dual Rotor Axial Flux Motor for Electric Aircraft

This paper presents and evaluates a dual rotor axial flux permanent magnet motor for electric aircraft applications. Several features, including grain oriented electrical steel (GOES), magnet segmentation, and wires with rectangular cross-sections, are used to improve torque density and efficiency. Rather than simply optimizing the motor by itself, this paper evaluates the tradeoffs between motor performance and its interfaces with the drive, thermal management system (TMS), and mechanical structure. This information can be used along with similar analyses of the drive, TMS, and structure to select a design that achieves the system-level optimal performance. The paper uses finite element simulations to characterize tradeoffs between active mass, efficiency, fundamental frequency, power factor, axial forces on the rotors, and cooling surface area. Several designs exceed 95% efficiency at takeoff with less than 8 kg of active mass. While high pole counts, a large outer radius, and short stator teeth tend to optimize the magnetic performance at takeoff, this can reduce cruise efficiency, reduce the surface area through which the TMS can extract heat, increase the fundamental frequency the drive must supply, and increase the structural mass required to support the rotors. Additionally, designs with 20 °C cooler magnets were simulated to evaluate the impact of a more effective TMS, but the improvements in magnetic performance were relatively small.
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Advanced Bladder and Upper Tract Cancer

Pioneering work in the 1970s established the therapeutic activity of cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer and resulted in the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced bladder and upper tract cancer. The introduction of MVAC (methotrexate, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) chemotherapy was the only major treatment advance in the front-line management of metastatic bladder and upper tract cancer in decades. Subsequently, it was shown that gemcitabine–cisplatin is of equivalent efficacy to but has better toxicity profile than classical MVAC regimen. The search for alternative regimens that are less dependent on good renal function than cisplatin has involved investigation into carboplatin, anthracyclines, taxanes, vinca alkaloids and in several combinations and as monotherapies. Vinflunine and taxanes as single-agents have been considered standard treatment in the second-line setting or beyond in most center worldwide. Analyses of individual tumors using next-generation sequencing has the potential to advance developments in cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with tumor-specific mutations.
Nicotine Addiction, Maurice Seevers, and the First Surgeon General Report on Cigarette Smoking and Health: Conflicting Terms and Interests.

Objective: This study assessed the role of Maurice Seevers in delaying the United States Surgeon General Reports’ judgment that nicotine use is a drug addiction and examined the use of addiction, a...
Spatiotemporal characterization of irradiance and photolysis rate constants of indoor gas-phase species in the UTest house during HOMEChem.

We made intensive measurements of wavelength-resolved spectral irradiance in a test house during the HOMEChem campaign and report diurnal profiles and two-dimensional spatial distribution of photolysis rate constants (J) of several important indoor photolabile gases. Results show that sunlight entering through windows, which was the dominant source of ultraviolet (UV) light in this house, led to clear diurnal cycles, and large time- and location-dependent variations in local gas-phase photochemical activity. Local J values of several key indoor gases under direct solar illumination were 1.8-7.4 times larger-and more strongly dependent on time, solar zenith angle, and incident angle of sunlight relative to the window-than under diffuse sunlight. Photolysis rate constants were highly spatially heterogeneous and fast photochemical reactions in the gas phase were generally confined to within tens of cm of the region that were directly sunlit. Opening windows increased UV photon fluxes by 3 times and increased predicted local hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations in the sunlit region by 4.5 times to 3.2 × 107 molec cm-3 due to higher J values and increased contribution from O3 photolysis. These results can be used to improve the treatment of photochemistry in indoor chemistry models and are a valuable resource for future studies that use the publicly available HOMEChem measurements.
COURTS Prosecution of Traffic Offenses and Juvenile Proceedings

The two Acts, while applying to different Code sections, have a similar effect on Georgia court procedures. SB 273 permits probate and municipal courts having jurisdiction over traffic offenses to request that the circuit district attorney or the state court solicitor in that country conduct trials on behalf of the state. SB 287, similarly, permits a district attorney to appear for the state in a delinquency hearing before a juvenile court, if the state is not represented by a solicitor and if that office is requested to do so by the court.
Diet switching and food delivery by shrubsteppe passerines in response to an experimental reduction in food

We experimentally reduced the food base of nesting Brewer's Sparrows ( Spizella breweri ) and Sage Thrashers ( Oreoscoptes montanus ) in a shrubsteppe region of south central Idaho in 1989 and 1990. Frequency and mass of "birdfood" arthropods in pitfall, sweep net, and stickyboard samples were generally lower on sites treated with a broad-spectrum insecticide (malathion) than on untreated sites though the effect varied among taxa. In 1990 O. montanus switched nestling diets to prey taxa not affected by the treatment. Time between nestling food deliveries was greater for S. breweri on the treated than untreated site in 1989. In 1990 there were no between-site differences, but there was an increase in delivery time on the treated plot after treatment; this difference was within the range of delivery times recorded on the untreated plot. Malathion applications did reduce the food base, but plasticity in passerine behavior and emergence characteristics of some prey taxa ameliorated indirect effects of food reduction to birds.
Revision of The Solvus Limit of Al-Mg2Si Pseudo Binary Phase Diagram

Abstract The Al-Mg 2 Si pseudo-binary phase diagram is one of the most widely used tool in the aluminum industry for temperature determination of solubility and homogenization in several semi-manufactured products of aluminum 6xxx alloys series. This diagram has been historically used in the redraw rod manufacturing process for electrical purposes to determine the rod coils solubility temperature of AA6101 and AA6201 alloys. The industrial process suggests a modification in the solvus curves established in this diagram. This work established the solubility temperature of commercial AA6201 alloy by means of electrical resistance measurements and mechanical testing of heat treated samples at different temperatures. Findings suggest that the solvus limit of the AA6201 alloy is at a higher temperature than the solvus limit of the commonly accepted diagram of Al-Mg 2 Si.
Semilunar Valves/Great Arteries

Congenital abnormalities of the ventricular outflow tracts, semilunar valves, and intrathoracic great arteries are frequently a diagnostic challenge to the echocardiographer. In this regard, it is important to understand the morphologic features and interrelationships of the normal heart and great vessels.
The Cambridge Introduction to British Romantic Poetry

The best way to learn about Romantic poetry is to plunge in and read a few Romantic poems. This book guides the new reader through this experience, focusing on canonical authors - Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, Blake and Shelley - whilst also including less familiar figures as well. Each chapter explains the history and development of a genre or sets out an important context for the poetry, with a wealth of practical examples. Michael Ferber emphasizes connections between poets as they responded to each other and to great literary, social and historical changes around them. A unique appendix resolves most difficulties new readers of works from this period might face: unfamiliar words, unusual word order, the subjunctive mood and meter. This enjoyable and stimulating book is an ideal introduction to some of the most powerful and pleasing poems in the English language, written in one of the greatest periods in English poetry.
Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience

Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Susan G. Davis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.314 pp.
The effect of dual satellite diversity on the total capacity of multiple band-shared CDMA LEOS systems

It has been proposed to use path diversity for improved performance of CDMA systems over a low-earth orbiting satellite channel. The authors are interested in determining the feasibility of having multiple service providers share the same spectrum in a mobile communication scenario. To accomplish this, they compare the total capacity when n systems are operational to that when only a single system uses the frequency band; in either case, a single system employs two satellites to achieve path diversity. This comparison is made for the downlink under one of two possible constraints, either a maximum power flux density limit per system or an aggregate power flux density limitation. In previous work the authors showed that, when each system has one satellite in view and each employs orthogonal spreading, that multiple systems can achieve larger capacity than a single system in some situations, depending upon shadowing conditions and system design parameters. That this is possible at all is due to constraints on the power spectral density (PSD) either from each satellite, or from the aggregate of all satellites. The results of the present paper, for the case when two satellites are in view in each system, show no fundamental or qualitative change in the conclusions; however the actual crossover conditions for when an increase in capacity is possible do change. >
Design and performance of a distributed dynamic clustering algorithm for ad-hoc networks

Routing in ad-hoc networks is a difficult challenge that involves a tradeoff between efficiency and responsiveness. An ad-hoc network routing algorithm must adapt rapidly enough to topology changes to meet the performance demands of users, without over-utilizing network resources. This paper presents the (/spl alpha/,t) cluster framework which utilizes a distributed dynamic clustering strategy to organize nodes into clusters in which the probability of path failure due to node movement can be bounded over time. The objective of the clustering strategy is to achieve scalability and support robust, efficient routing subject to a wide range of mobility rates. Based on the (/spl alpha/,t) cluster scheme, routes within clusters are maintained on a proactive basis, whereas hierarchical routing between clusters is managed on a demand-basis. Simulation results show that the cluster organization can be effectively adapted to node mobility and that routing is both more robust and efficient than routing in fully proactive, reactive or fixed-hybrid schemes.
Auditing Measurement Error and Statistical Sampling: The Dependently Occurring Case

This study investigates the potential effects of the inappropriate agreement, with the book value of some sampled units, on the behavior of statistical estimators and on the possible inferences that may be made by auditors. The results indicate that the resultant dependently occurring errors will adversely affect the inferences made by an auditor about the account balance of an account receivable population with a moderate book error rate. While the potential for an adverse effect from this type of error should be well known, the results of this paper indicate that the problem may be more serious than previously thought. A few dependently occurring measurement errors can have a significant impact on the appropriateness of an auditor's inferences. The results also indicate that dependently occurring and independently occurring measurement error may have conflicting effects, where the direction and significance of their combined effect depends on the account population being audited.
Whither the Almshouse? Overutilization and the Role of the Emergency Department

The problem of emergency department (ED) overutilization or "inappropriate" utilization is commonly conceptualized in terms of inadequate access to appropriate primary medical care. Although medical care access is a critical issue, a focus on increased access to medical care as the sole solution to "inappropriate" ED utilization may obscure other, perhaps equally relevant, issues from consideration. This article reports findings from an ethnographic study focusing on heavy users (HUs) of EDs in two inner-city hospitals. Drawing on fieldwork and on interviews with HU patients and ED clinicians, I argue that the emergence of heavy ED utilization as both a clinical and policy problem is a function not merely of unmet medical care needs for individuals, but of "almshouse" needs in a changing health care context. The emergence of ED overutilization as a problem occurs in the context of market forces that are contributing to shifts in the role of EDs and in the moral boundaries of accepted ED practice. If the problem of heavy ED use is more broadly conceptualized in terms of this role shift, not solely in terms of medical care access, a different set of issues and priorities for research, policy, and clinical practice emerges.
Interaction of the protein kinase Raf-1 with 14-3-3 proteins

Members of a family of highly conserved proteins, termed 14-3-3 proteins, were found by several experimental approaches to associate with Raf-1, a central component of a key signal transduction pathway. Optimal complex formation required the amino-terminal regulatory domain of Raf-1. The association of 14-3-3 proteins and Raf-1 was not substantially affected by the activation state of Raf.