cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization by Hemagglutination-Inhibition of Adenovirus 11 Strains from Urine of Patients with Hemorrhagic Cystitis

SummaryTo determine whether adenovirus type 11 strains recovered from urine of children with acute hemorrhagic cystitis differed antigenically from the prototype strain, these strains were examined by cross HI tests. Four adenovirus type 11 strains (Dean, Scott, Heard, and Briggs) isolated from urine and the prototype Slobitski strain were tested. Reaction times of virus with antibody varied between 4 min and 21 hr. At the shortest reaction time, strain differences were most pronounced. The Scott and Briggs urine strains showed less resemblance to the Slobitski strain and other urine strains. At longer reaction times, titer differences disappeared. Except for these differences, which were not marked, the adenovirus type 11 strains from urine appeared antigenically similar to the prototype strain.
Transient model for the keyhole during laser welding

A novel approach to simulating the dominant dynamic processes present during concentrated energy beam welding of metals is presented. A model for the transient behaviour of the front keyhole wall is developed. It is assumed that keyhole propagation is dominated by evaporation-recoil-driven melt expulsion from the beam interaction zone. Results from the model show keyhole instabilities consistent with experimental observations of metal welding, metal cutting and ice welding.
High Voltage Instrument Cables for 650°C, in-Vessel Breeder Reactor Service

MgO insulated nuclear instrument cables have been developed for use in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) and breeder reactor in-vessel environments. Prototype cables have been successfully fabricated and tested: voltage Breakdown Pulse Noise (BPN) thresholds in excess of 800 Vdc and cable resistivities in excess of 108 ?.ft. were achieved at temperatures to 650°C. Factors demonstrated to strongly affect breakdown phenomena and insulation resistance in bulk cable were insulation and backfill gas purity (especially as affected by fabrication processing) and high temperature annealing. Copper electrical conductors did not adversely affect cable performance if fabrication parameters were appropriately adjusted.
Calcium and sodium distribution and movements in smooth muscle

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) has been used to study the subcellular distribution of Ca, Na, K. Cl, and Mg in smooth muscle. The EPMA results indicate that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the majorintracellular source and sink of activator Ca: norepinephrine decreases the Ca content of the junctional SR in portal vein smooth muscle. Mitochondria do not play a significant role in regulating cytoplasmic free Ca2+, but mitochondrial Ca content can be altered to a degree compatible with suggestions that fluctuations in matrix Ca contribute to the control of mitochondrial metabolism. The rise intotal cytoplasmic Ca during a maintained, maximal contraction is very much greater than the rise in free Ca2+, and is probably in excess of the known binding sites available on calmodulin and myosin. Cell Ca is not increased in normal cells that are Na-loaded. The non-Donnan distribution of Cl is not due to compartmentalization, but reflects high cytoplasmic Cl. Na-loading of smooth muscle in K-free solutions is temperature dependent, and may exhibit cellular heterogeneity undetected by conventional techniques. The total cell Mg is equivalent to approximately 12 mM, and less than 50% of it can be accounted for by binding to ATP and to actin. Mitochondrial monovalent cations in smooth muscle are relatively rapidly exchangeable.
The SeaSat-A satellite scatterometer

This paper describes the methods used to develop performance requirements and design characteristics for the microwave scatterometer (SASS) ocean-surface wind sensor on the NASA SeaSat-A satellite. Wind vector measurement requirements from the SeaSat user community such as wind speed and direction accuracy, resolution cell size, grid spacing, and swath width formed the basis for defining instrument characteristics. The resulting scatterometer is designed for 14.6 GHz using four fan beam antennas to measure wind speed and direction over a 1000-km swath width with a resolution cell size 50 \times 50 km. Results presented show scatterometer accuracy satisfies user requirements for wind speed from 4 m/s to greater than 24 m/s for the nominal SeaSat-A orbit of 790 km altitude, 108\deg inclination, and 0.001 eccentricity.
A semi-empirical analysis of micro-cracking in concrete

Abstract This paper presents the results of an analysis which considers the interaction between a crack and an array of microcracks. Complex variable techniques are used to derive explicit expressions for the stress intensity factors and energy release rates which arise from the interaction beween a finite length crack and a dislocation dipole. Results are computed and discussed for a variety of geometrical configurations, with the intent of developing an understanding of the effects of position and orientation of the dislocation dipole on crack tip shielding and antishielding. The Green's functions presented in this paper can be employed in semi-empirical analyses, where the effects of micocracking are quantified with the aid of experimentally measured crack densities and openings together with integral representations for the toughening.
A New (Old) Component of the Galaxy as the Origin of the Observed Large Magellanic Cloud Microlensing Events

We suggest a new component of the Milky Way galaxy that can account for both the optical depth and the event durations obtained by the MACHO microlensing survey toward the Large Magellanic Cloud. This component is consistent with recent evidence for a significant population of faint white dwarf stars, detected in a proper-motion study of the Hubble Deep Field, which cannot be accounted for by stars in the disk or spheroid. This new component, which represents less than 4% of the total dark halo mass, consists of (mostly) old white dwarf stars distributed in a highly extended (very thick) disk configuration. It extends beyond the traditional thin and thick disks, but well within the dark, roughly spherical cold dark matter (CDM) halo. We explore the distribution of proper motions expected for white dwarfs in this model and the ability of future surveys to differentiate between models. Finally, we argue that such a component is reasonable, natural, and consistent with a variety of observations, and many of the problems associated with a significant halo population of white dwarfs are ameliorated.
A critical evaluation of acute ozone epidemiology results.

Evidence from controlled human exposure studies demonstrates transient pulmonary functional responses to ozone exposure concentrations near the U.S. primary air quality standard of 0.120 ppm. There have been several recent efforts to document low concentration ozone effects in the epidemiological setting. Quantification of ozone effects under natural conditions of exposure can provide valuable information for risk assessment. However, results of epidemiological studies on acute ozone effects have had a limited role in decisions for air quality standards. This reflects difficulties in the quantitative interpretation of results that are to some extent inherent in the epidemiological approach, such as the difficulty of assessing individual exposures, failure to account for varying activity levels, and confounding by temporal covariates, e.g., temperature and pollen. However, in spite of the limitations of individual studies, when viewed as a group the epidemiological studies are consistent among themselves and with results from chamber studies.
Deriving evaluation metrics for applicability of genetic algorithms to optimization problems

This paper aims to identify the missing links from theory of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to application of GAs.
OFF THE ROAD?: REFLECTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION GEOGRAPHY IN THE INFORMATION AGE

Abstract The traditional focus of transportation geography has been on the movement of people and goods; in this sense, the concerns of transportation geographers have been with life on the road . The information revolution creates opportunities for a growing proportion of interactions to take place in the frictionless realms of Cyberspace and thereby poses questions about life off the road . I use this opportunity of the Fleming Lecture to reflect on some of the challenges that information technology (IT) poses for transportation geography. I first describe and critique the two archetypical views of the world that I characterize as on the road and off the road . I then consider 1. (1) how IT can help improve people's access to opportunities and promote greater equity of access; and 2. (2) how IT can help promote greater sustainability. In reflecting on IT, access, and equity, I suggest expanding the notion of geographic context to include the personal relations, social networks, and cultural norms that make up social and cultural capital. IT has the potential to increase access and equity through Intelligent Transportation Systems measures and via the substitution of telecommunication for travel (including the examples of distance learning and telecommuting). I argue that IT will expand access and equity only if it enriches social capital and that this will require innovative ways of meshing off-the-road with on-the-road practices. In reflecting on IT and sustainability, I propose education and place-based environmental management as two areas where IT might promote greater sustainability. But again, I stress the need for technology to connect with the on-the-road practices that create social and cultural capital. I conclude that transportation geographers need to think creatively about how the growing presence of IT can help mitigate inequality of access and push us toward more sustainable transportation. This will require understanding how IT-induced changes intersect with on-the-road processes, for that is where the most interesting questions lie.
Microcomputer control of an estuarine research mesocosm facility

Abstract This paper describes the application of microcomputer technology to laboratory-orientated ecosystem research. The instrumentation offers the ability to monitor and manipulate variables of interest on a ‘real time’ basis. The microcomputer control system was found to be reliable and accurate in controlling key environmental parameters.
Automated ion-exchange chromatography of uronic acids and uronic acid containing oligosaccharides.

Abstract An automated anion-exchange chromatographic procedure for the separation of uronic acids and uronic acid containing oligosaccharides is described. The method has been applied, in particular, to the separation and quantitation of l -iduronic and d -glucuronic acid in hydrolyzates of dermatan sulfate, and the hydrolysis conditions required for optimum yield of uronic acids have been determined. Whereas uronic acids and aldobiuronic acids were successfully separated by elution with formic acid, hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides and, especially, the highly charged chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides were more conveniently resolved in a chloride system by elution with a nonlinear LiCl gradient. This system was also employed for the separation of unsaturated and saturated disaccharides obtained by chondroitinase digestion of chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate. The effluent from the columns was analyzed by the automated orcinolsulfuric acid method of the Technicon sugar chromatography system.
I—Richard Moran: Testimony, Illocution and the Second Person

The notion of ‘bipolar’ or ‘second-personal’ normativity is often illustrated by such situations as that of one person addressing a complaint to another, or asserting some right, or claiming some authority. This paper argues that the presence of speech acts of various kinds in the development of the idea of the ‘second-personal’ is not accidental. Through development of a notion of ‘illocutionary authority’ I seek to show a role for the ‘second-personal’ in ordinary testimony, despite Darwall's argument that the notion of the ‘second-personal’ marks a divide between practical and theoretical reason.
236U/238U measurements in three terrestrial minerals and one processed ore

Abstract The 236 U/ 238 U ratio was measured mass spectrometrically in the following terrestrial uranium samples: uraninite with (2.3±0.8) × 10 −10 ; schroeckingerite with (2.0±2.0) × 10 −10 ; thucholite with (0.8±1.5) × 10 −10 ; and a processed ore with (6.2±2.2) × 10 −10 .
Shape Factor Correlations of Hydraulic Conductance in Noncircular Capillaries.

In Part I of this paper, we introduced the Mason-Morrow shape factor and the corner half-angles to capture the part of geometry of angular capillaries essential in pore network calculations of single- and two-phase flow in drainage and imbibition. We then used this shape factor to obtain simple expressions for the hydraulic conductance in single-phase flow through triangular, rectangular, and oval capillaries. In Part II, we study two-phase fluid flow along angular capillaries. The nonwetting fluid occupies the central part of the capillary, whereas the wetting liquid fills the corners. First, we verify the numerical solution obtained by Ransohoff-Radke for concave corner menisci by using a high-resolution finite element method with zero and infinite surface shear viscosity. We present new numerical results for corner flow domains bounded by convex menisci, i.e., for pinned contact lines and forced imbibition. We also present numerical solutions for two-phase flow with momentum transfer across the interface. We introduce a dimensionless hydraulic conductance of wetting fluid in the corners and correlate it with the corner filament shape factor, corner half-angle, and contact angle. By appropriate scaling, we obtain an accurate universal curve for flow conductance in the corners of an arbitrary angular capillary and for arbitrary contact angles. We give error estimates of the Ransohoff-Radke flow resistance factors, of the Zhou et al. analytical expressions for the resistance factors, and of our universal curves for the hydraulic conductance with no-slip and perfect-slip boundary conditions at the interface. Our expressions for the hydraulic conductance in corner flow of wetting liquid not only are valid for both concave and convex fluid interfaces but also are more accurate than any other published correlation. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
The Role of Universal Demogrants and Child Support in Social Security Reform

It is an honour and a pleasure to be asked to participate in a Festschrift in Professor George F. Rohrlich's honour. Professor Rohrlich had a profound effect on my life. I was in my second and final year of the Master in Social Work Programme at the University of Chicago's School of Social Service Administration, when I took Rohrlich's course in Comparative Approaches to Social Security. He not only kindl‐ed what has become my lifelong desire to study social security institutions, but he also convinced me that if I aspired to be a first‐rate social policy analyst and planner (which from my perspective meant that if I aspired to be a first‐rate social work practitioner in that area), I would have to become a competent economist along the way. What is more, he told me he had every confidence that I could do it. Hearing this from a man who by then was a father figure to me gave me sufficient faith in myself to try.
A flexible low cost signal averager

A 2 channel signal averager based on the KIM-1 microcomputer module is described which can be easily assembled for under $500. Number of samples per pass can be set to 128 or 256 and sample time is variable from 1 msec to 256 msec. Averaged data can be displayed on an oscilloscope, output slowly for use of a chart recorder, or stored on a low cost audio cassette recorder for later analysis. Simply adding additional memory (for less than $100) allows it to be expanded to 8 channels.
Psychrophilic Bacteria—A Review

Summary Psychrophilic bacteria grow at a relatively rapid rate at or below 45° F. (7.2° C.) and are capable of forming visible colonies on plates incubated for ten days at 7 ± 0.5 C. Since psychrophiles grow at refrigeration temperatures, they are primarily responsible for limiting the keeping quality of milk and many dairy products in which they may produce a wide variety of spoilage defects. The psychrophiles most frequently encountered are in the genus Pseudomonas, although many bacterial genera contain psychrophilic species. They are found in water, soil, and dirty equipment, and their elimination from milk and dairy products is largely concerned with removing these sources of contamination. The various factors affecting the survival, growth, enumeration, and biochemical activities of psychrophiles were discussed. The fundamental question of why psychrophiles are capable of growing at low temperatures is still to be answered. Information on these and other aspects of psychrophiles was documented and interpreted with the purpose of summarizing the available information and encouraging further investigation of this important group of microorganisms.
Design of Geophysical Surveys in Transportation

Designing geophysical investigations for transportation related projects requires special attention to the constraints imposed by right-of-way, irregular toipography, noise from traffic, and the need to avoid the interruption of traffic flow. A geophysical engineer needs to be prepared to consider these design issues that are not addressed in a standard procedure such as ASTM D-5777. The author presents design strategies that address these issues, and illustrates the concepts with case histories taken from bridge and highway projects. Beam steering, broadside shooting, and non-traditional designs that preserve alternative analysis options are presented. Transportation engineers who augment traditional subsurface geotechnical surveys with engineering geophysics are better prepared to avoid costly delays and redesign of projects due to differing site conditions.
Waterfowl husbandry for the avian health professional

Abstract As avian health professionals, when there is an increased morbidity or mortality in a waterfowl flock, we are often concerned with disease diagnostic and treatment regimens. However, one area that should not be overlooked is waterfowl husbandry, especially if we want to develop preventive medicine strategies for the flock. Husbandry aspects need to be considered because certain management factors may predispose the waterfowl flock to certain diseases. Avian health professionals should also be aware of the common duck and geese breeds that are commonly kept in backyard flock. This type of information can provide information on flock personality and unique anatomical characteristics. In addition, understanding the different breeds will allow avian health professionals to assist in recommending the appropriate waterfowl to our clients. Waterfowl have unique husbandry requirements when compared to other poultry species, and having a better understanding of husbandry aspects like housing and feeding can help to prevent diseases from reoccurring in the flock. By having a better understanding of waterfowl husbandry, we can ensure that our waterfowl patients receive the best medical care and continue to remain healthy.
Altered regulation of sleep and feeding contributes to starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

Animals respond to changes in food availability by adjusting sleep and foraging strategies to optimize their fitness. Wild populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, display highly variable levels of starvation resistance that are dependent on geographic location, food availability and evolutionary history. How behaviors that include sleep and feeding vary in Drosophila with increased starvation resistance is unclear. We have generated starvation-resistant flies through experimental evolution to investigate the relationship between foraging behaviors and starvation resistance. Outbred populations of D. melanogaster were selected for starvation resistance over 60 generations. This selection process resulted in flies with a threefold increase in total lipids that survive up to 18 days without food. We tested starvation-selected (S) flies for sleep and feeding behaviors to determine the effect that selection for starvation resistance has had on foraging behavior. Flies from three replicated starvation-selected populations displayed a dramatic reduction in feeding and prolonged sleep duration compared to fed control (F) populations, suggesting that modified sleep and feeding may contribute to starvation resistance. A prolonged larval developmental period contributes to the elevated energy stores present in starvation-selected flies. By preventing S larvae from feeding longer than F larvae, we were able to reduce energy stores in adult S flies to the levels seen in adult F flies, thus allowing us to control for energy storage levels. However, the reduction of energy stores in S flies fails to generate normal sleep and feeding behavior seen in F flies with similar energy stores. These findings suggest that the behavioral changes observed in S flies are due to genetic regulation of behavior rather than elevated lipid levels. Testing S-F hybrid individuals for both feeding and sleep revealed a lack of correlation between food consumption and sleep duration, indicating further independence in genetic factors underlying the sleep and feeding changes observed in S flies. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that starvation selection results in prolonged sleep and reduced feeding through a mechanism that is independent of elevated energy stores. These findings suggest that changes in both metabolic function and behavior contribute to the increase in starvation resistance seen in flies selected for starvation resistance.
Sensitivity and contrast of some proton-beam resists

Fifteen negative and four positive resists were tested to determine their proton-beam sensitivity and contrast. The ratio of the required 20-keV electron dose (QE) to the required 100-keV proton dose (QP) ranged from a low value of 7.8 to a high value of 270. In general, the most sensitive resists had the lowest values of QE/QP. This result is explained as being due to incomplete coverage by reactive species at low proton doses because the incident protons are spaced too far apart. The product of QP and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was almost constant for a series of narrow dispersivity polystyrenes over the Mw range of 20,000 to 2,600,000. This product was used as a figure of merit for comparing negative resists.
Nonlinear viscous motion of vortices in Josephson contacts.

Nonlinear dynamics of vortices in current-carrying long Josephson contacts is considered for the cases of weak (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{J}}$\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\lambda}) and strong (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{J}}$\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\lambda}) couplings, where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{J}}$ and \ensuremath{\lambda} are the Josephson and London penetration depths, respectively. The first case concerns the Josephson vortices described by the sine-Gordon equation, whereas the case ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{J}}$\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\lambda} corresponds to Abrikosov-like vortices with highly anisotropic Josephson cores which are described by an integral equation for the phase difference cphi within the framework of a nonlocal Josephson electrodynamics. At ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{J}}$\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\lambda}, an exact solution for the moving vortex in the overdamped regime is obtained, the fluxon velocity v(j) and the voltage-current characteristic V(j) are calculated. It is shown that the lack of the Lorentz invariance of the integral equation for cphi in the nonlocal regime leads to specific features of the vortex dynamics as compared to the Josephson vortices. The results obtained are employed for the description of nonlinear viscous motion of magnetic flux along planar crystalline defects in superconductors. It is shown that any percolating network of planar defects can considerably reduce the critical current, change the field dependence of the flux-flow resistivity, and result in a nonlinear V(j) in the flux-flow regime.
Neuropathology of seizures in the immature rabbit

Abstract Acute morphologic changes of brain due to chemically induced seizures are studied in developing rabbits. Accordingly, rabbits of postnatal days 6 and 7 (p6–7) and p10–12 are injected with a single dose of 1–6 mg/kg kainic acid (KA) intraperitoneally (ip) or injected with a single dose of 200–300 mg/kg pilocarpine subcutaneously (sc). Many animals developed seizures of varying severity and length. Histologic examination of brain 2 days following injection showed that KA-induced seizures did not cause neuronal death. Pilocarpine-induced seizures resulted in neuronal death mainly involving the CA1 region of hippocampus. In the p6–7 group, only a small number of brains were involved, lesions were mild and limited to CA1. In the p10–12 group, majority of the brains were damaged, lesions were relatively severe, and in some brains extended beyond the CA1 region involving the subiculum, CA3, cortex, and amygdala. Measurements of physiologic parameters indicate that these changes were not secondary to hypoxemia during seizures. However, there was hypotension and hyperthermia, both of which may contribute to brain damage during seizures. The findings suggest that pilocarpine-induced seizures during the second postnatal week in rabbits is a useful model to study the morphologic changes of brain due to seizure in the developing animal and also to assess the systemic physiologic alterations during seizures.
The nash program: Non-convex bargaining problems

We define and characterize an extension of the Nash bargaining solution to non-convex bargaining problems and, in the spirit of the Nash Program of implementing cooperative solutions non-cooperatively, we show that this solution is supported by Rubinstein's (Econometrica 50 (1982), 97–110) model of bargaining and its corresponding set of stationary subgame perfect equilibria.
Carbenes in constrained systems. 4. Encapsulation of an asymmetric diazirine: Reactivity of 2-methylcyclohexanylidene☆

Abstract 2-Methylcyclohexanylidene was generated from the corresponding diazirine within the cavities of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin by photolysis in the solid state. To surmise how these constrained systems affect the residing carbene's selectivity, a comparison with conventional reaction methods was made.
The Euclidean slope of the X-ray source counts - A 'cosmic conspiracy'

The selection criteria adopted for the Einstein Observatory Medium Sensitivity survey are delineated and the results of an analysis of the source-count relation for extragalactic X ray sources is presented. Only IPC fields at least 20 deg outside of the galactic plane, and then only those images in the center of the fields, were included. A total of 345 objects were sighted in the 0.3-3.5 keV energy interval, and 77 percent were concluded to be extragalactic. Most were associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN), including Seyfert galaxies and quasars, and galactic clusters. A slope of about 1.7 was calculated for the power law of the energy spectra of AGNs and close to 1.0 for clusters.
DEVELOPMENT OF RIBOZYMES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR DOMINANT GENETIC DISEASE: Allele-Specific Cleavage of Collagen Transcripts Shows Competitive Binding Effects. 616

DEVELOPMENT OF RIBOZYMES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR DOMINANT GENETIC DISEASE: Allele-Specific Cleavage of Collagen Transcripts Shows Competitive Binding Effects. 616
Restoring connection in the face of disconnection: an integrative approach to understanding and treating anorexia nervosa

This article explores the role of disconnection as a mediating process that creates the conditions for the development of anorexia nervosa (AN) and its intractability with regard to treatment. Intrapersonal (e.g. biological and psychological) and interpersonal (e.g. behavioral and affective) processes that contribute to the disconnections characterizing AN are described and an integrative model of disconnection is presented. Discussion of this model is followed by a description of a Relational/Motivational Multifamily Therapy Group that involves patients and family of origin as well as extra-familial members who have an emotional investment in the patient. This group, informed by Relational–Cultural Theory, Stages of Change Theory, Motivational Interviewing, and preliminary research findings and developed in partnership with patients and families, specifically identifies and repairs disconnections associated with AN. A clinical vignette from this group shows how a Relational–Motivational Multifamily Thera...
Heterogeneous Composition and Microstructure of Elastomeric Polypropylene from a Sterically Hindered 2-Arylindenylhafnium Catalyst

The metallocene catalyst bis(2-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)indenyl)hafnium dichloride yields elastomeric polypropylene in the presence of a MAO cocatalyst at 50 °C in liquid propylene. The polymer synthesized has Mw = 201 000 and narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 2.3) with an average isotacticity [mmmm] = 34%. Several methods of fractionations were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity of the elastomeric polypropylene: thermal fractionation by DSC, boiling-solvent extraction, supercritical fluid fractionation employing increasing pressure profiling (IPP), and critical isobaric temperature rising elution fractionation (CITREF). Thermal fractionation reveals a distribution of crystallizable fractions with several melting points between 40 and 100 °C and a large melting endotherm at 150 °C which is attributed to the presence of long crystallizable segments. Fractionation by boiling-solvent extraction separates the elastomeric polypropylene into three fractions where the molecular weight, tacticity, and cry...
Dimensional Changes of Four Amalgams After Five Years of Storage in Air at 60, 37, and 23°C

Amalgam cylinders, 4 mm in diameter and 8 mm long, made from four alloys, expanded lengthwise from 204 to 220 at 60°C, 18 to 46 at 37°C, and 6 to 35 at 23°C, μm/cm, respectively, after storage in air at the indicated temperatures for five yr.
Thermal degradation of monoethanolamine at stripper conditions

Thermal degradation of monethanolamine (MEA) is quantified as a function of initial amine concentration, CO2 loading, and temperature over a range of expected stripper conditions in an amine absorber/stripper unit. The sum of the degradation products N,N’-di(2-hydroxyethyl)urea, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidone, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine make up the majority of total MEA loss. The temperature dependent rate constant has an activation energy similar to diethanolamine (DEA) of 29 kcal/mole which corresponds to a quadrupling of the degradation rate when the stripper temperature is increased 17 ∘C. At 135 ∘C the degradation rate varies from 2.5 to 6% per week. Using speciation data from an Aspen® model of a stripper unit, losses in the packing are significant, but the majority of MEA loss occurs in the reboiler and reboiler sump. Thermal degradation is minor when the reboiler temperature is held below 110 ∘C
Speaking Up: Identifying Employees’ Upward Dissent Strategies

Previous researchers have considered the nature of dissent as well as the audiences to whom employees express dissent. Absent in these treatments is a specific focus on the actual dissent strategie...
Learning heuristic functions through approximate linear programming

Planning problems are often formulated as heuristic search. The choice of the heuristic function plays a significant role in the performance of planning systems, but a good heuristic is not always available. We propose a new approach to learning heuristic functions from previously solved problem instances in a given domain. Our approach is based on approximate linear programming, commonly used in reinforcement learning. We show that our approach can be used effectively to learn admissible heuristic estimates and provide an analysis of the accuracy of the heuristic. When applied to common heuristic search problems, this approach reliably produces good heuristic functions.
Designing prosthetic knee joints with bio-inspired bearing surfaces

It has long been known that articular cartilage exhibits a surface microtexture with shallow indentations. By contrast, prosthetic joints consist of ultra-smooth bearing surfaces, the longevity of which does not reach that of natural cartilage. We show that adding a microtexture to the smooth femoral component of a prosthetic knee joint reduces friction by increasing the lubricant film thickness between the bearing surfaces of the knee. We have implemented an elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to optimize the geometry of the microtexture, while taking into account the deformation of the polyethylene tibial insert. We have manufactured several microtexture designs on a surrogate femoral component, and experimentally demonstrate that the microtexture reduces friction between the surrogate femoral component and tibial insert.
Multiple Gender Contexts and Employee Rewards

The authors explore the effects of multiple gender contexts on the material and social psychological rewards of men and women in one organization, a U. S. military depot. By multiple gender context...
Nanoparticles: Scaffolds for Molecular Recognition

Monolayer and mixed-monolayer protected clusters (MPCs and MMPCs) have great potential to combine molecular functionality with the intrinsic properties of nanometer-sized scaffolds. This synergy can be used to create complex functional devices, including redox-active, electronic, or magnetic storage devices, solution-based sensors, and highly efficient catalysts. This review outlines some of the recent developments in nanoscale receptors based on synthetic and nonbiological recognition elements. In these nanoparticle systems, molecular recognition is achieved by covalent attachment of receptors on the nanoparticles coupled with noncovalent interactions to target substrates. Synthetic host-guest systems, hydrogen bonding, change in redox states, pi-pi stacking, rotaxane formation, and ion recognition are the main topics covered in this review.
EPIC Simulations of Time-Dependent, Three-Dimensional Vortices with Application to Neptune's Great Dark Spot

Abstract We use the EPIC general circulation model, described in the companion paper by Dowlinget al.(1998.Icarus132, 221–238), to simulate large vortices under conditions similar to those found on Neptune. The vortices are anticyclones with roughly elliptical cross sections and exhibit motions that resemble the behavior of Neptune's Great Dark Spot (GDS), including equatorward drift, oscillations in aspect ratio and orientation angle, and tail formation. The vortices also exhibit three-dimensional motions that may explain the occasional appearance of the GDS as two overlapping ellipses. We find that the meridional drift of the vortices is correlated with the meridional gradient of the background absolute vorticity, β*. This result complements studies of hurricane drift. The correlation suggests that the drift rate of GDS-type vortices on Neptune, which can be monitored over the long term by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), is diagnostic of the vorticity gradient on the planet. The best fit to the Voyager GDS drift rate in our simulations corresponds to β* ≈ 2 × 10−12m−1s−1. This is about 1 3 of the value given by the zonal-wind profile determined by fitting an even polynomial in latitude to the cloud-tracking data (Sromovskyet al.1993). Refitting the data with spherical harmonics (Legendre polynomials) yields a value for β* that is about 1 2 of the Sromovskyet al.value, and more in line with our vortex-drift results. We show that vortex shape oscillations occur both in the case β* = 0, corresponding to the analytical model of Kida (1981), and for β* > 0. Interpreting the shape oscillations is more complicated than interpreting meridional drift because shape oscillations are sensitive to the distribution of vorticity in the vortex as well as in the environment. Rossby-wave dispersion strongly affects the model vortices that drift too close to the equator. The vortices disrupt before reaching the equator, dispersing into waves that propagate in both the southern and northern hemispheres over the course of a few weeks.
Septic Bursitis in an 8-Year-Old Boy

Background. The prepatellar bursa can become inflamed owing to repeated trauma. Prepatellar bursitis is extremely rare in children. Methods. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy who was treated for an erythematous, swollen, and severely painful right knee, fever, inability to bear weight on the leg, and purulent material draining from a puncture wound. We describe the differential diagnosis for tender swollen knee, including infection, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. If untreated, prepatellar bursitis can progress to patellar osteomyelitis. Results. Wound cultures grew Streptococcus pyogenes, with the infection resolving with amoxicillin. Conclusions. A high index of suspicion is necessary in children presenting with prepatellar bursitis to prevent potentially devastating sequelae of infection of the septic joint.
Fluorescence and IR characterization of epoxy cured with aliphatic amines

Abstract Cure reactions of the stoichiometric mixtures of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and two very low molecular weight aliphatic polyether diamines (PED) were studied by using fluorescence and mid- and near-IR spectroscopic techniques. As the cure proceeded, the primary amine groups in PED are converted to the secondary and the tertiary amines. Near-IR spectral analysis was used to calculate the concentration of the three amine groups as a function of cure time. The decrease in the fluorescence intensity of DGEBA at about 307 nm was observed due to more effective quenching of the tertiary amine groups in PED, in comparison to the primary and the secondary amine groups. A large decrease in fluorescence intensity at 75 and 95 °C cure was observed. The amount of all the amine species was estimated from NIR spectra to shed light on the cure kinetics of PPO (polypropylene oxide) in comparison with PEO (polyethylene oxide) epoxy, as well as to explain their fluorescence behavior. The fluorescence intensity changes were correlated to the extent of epoxy reaction obtained by mid- and near-IR spectroscopy.
Back to the Basics in Sport and Physical Activity

Despite the positive influence physical activity promoters seem to have, there is still much work to be done. This article focuses on current observations of physical activity, and simple recommendations for improvement, by answering two questions: (1) What physical activity opportunities are most prevalent? (2) How might we continue to improve?
Man versus model of man: A rationale, plus some evidence, for a method of improving on clinical inferences.

Clinical psychologists, physicians, and other professionals are typically called upon to combine cues to arrive at some diagnostic or prognostic decision. Mathematical representations of such clinical judges can often be constructed to capture critical aspects of their judgmental strategies. An analysis of the characteristics of such models permits a specification of the conditions under which the model itself will be a more valid predictor than will the man from whom it was derived. To ascertain whether such conditions are met in natural clinical decision making, data were reanalyzed from a study of the judgments of 29 clinical psychologists attempting to differentiate psychotic from neurotic patients on the basis of their MMPI profiles. The results of these analyses indicate that for this diagnostic task models of the men are generally more valid than the men themselves. Moreover, the finding occurred even when the models were constructed on a small set of cases, and then man and model com­ peted on a completely new set. A psychologist who works for a municipal Suicide Prevention Center uses the cues from telephone interviews to assess the probability that each of his callers will try to kill him­ self. A pathologist who works for a large Uni­ versity hospital uses medical laboratory find­ ings to assess the likelihood that each of his patients has a particular disease. A stock
Thermodynamic analysis of marine bacterial attachment to oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated self-assembled monolayers

Colloidal models are frequently used to model the thermodynamics of bacterial attachment to surfaces. The most commonly used of such models is that proposed by van Oss, Chaudhury and Good, which includes both non-polar and polar (including hydrogen bonding) interactions between the attaching bacterium, the attachment substratum and the aqueous environment. We use this model to calculate the free energy of adhesion, ∆Gadh, for attachment of the marine bacterium Cobetia marina to well defined attachment substrata that systematically vary in their chemistry and their ability to attach bacteria, namely a series of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) terminated self-assembled monolayers that vary in the number of OEG moieties. For this system, the values of ∆Gadh calculated using VCG do not correlate with observed attachment profiles. We examine the validity of a number of assumptions inherent in VCG and other colloidal models of adhesion, with special attention paid to those regarding bacterial surfaces.
Noisy Speech Segmentation Using Non-Linear Observation Switching State Space Model and Unscented Kalman Filtering

A reliable speech segmentation in noisy environments is desirable for segment-based speech enhancement and efficient coding. Switching state space model with hidden dynamics has been shown to lend itself naturally to the speech segmentation problem. However, when noise is present, the distorted observation features lead to a poor recognition and segmentation performance. In this paper, the Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) is used during inference to compensate nonlinearly for the effect of noise on the observed features in the log-frequency domain. The proposed algorithms resulted in a much improved segmentation performance in a variety of noises.
Some open sets of nonuniformly hyperbolic cocycles

We consider some very simple examples of SL(2, ℝ)-cocycles and prove that they have positive Lyapunov exponents. These cocycles form an open set in the C1 topology.
Are Short Telomeres Predictive of Advanced Cancer

The combination of variable telomere length in cancer cells and shorter telomere length in cancer-associated stromal cells strongly correlates with progression to prostate cancer metastasis and cancer death. The implication is that telomere length measurements have potential not only as prognostic indicators of prostate cancer outcomes but also as risk stratification enrichment biomarkers for individualized therapeutic interventions.
Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive biodegradable system for paclitaxel delivery

The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize a pH-sensitive biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate system for tumor-selective paclitaxel delivery. A representative hydrophobic poly(beta-amino ester) (poly-1) was synthesized by conjugate addition of 4,4'-trimethyldipiperidine with 1,4-butanediol diacrylate. Poly-1 (M(n) 10,000 daltons) nanoparticles were prepared by the controlled solvent displacement method in an ethanol-water system in the presence of Pluronic) F-108, a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-containing non-ionic surfactant. Control and PEO-modified nanoparticles were characterized by Coulter counter, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurements, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Polymer degradation studies were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. Paclitaxel loading capacities and efficiencies were determined and release studies were performed in Tween)-80 (0.1%, w/v)-containing PBS at 37 degrees C. Control and PEO-modified nanoparticles, labeled with rhodamine-123, were incubated with BT-20 cells to examine the uptake and cellular distribution as a function of time. PEO-modified nanoparticles with an average size of 100-150 nm and a positive surface charge of 37.0 mV were prepared. SEM analysis showed distinct smooth, spherical particles. The ether (-C-O-) peak of the C(1s) envelope in ESCA confirmed the surface presence of PEO chains. Polymer biodegradation studies showed that almost 85% of the starting material degraded after 6 days. The maximum paclitaxel loading efficiency attained was 97% at 1.0% (w/w) of the drug. Paclitaxel release studies showed that approximately 10% was released in the first 24 h, 80% after 3 days, and the entire content was released in approximately 5 days. After 1 h of incubation, a large fraction of the administered control and PEO-modified poly-1 nanoparticles was internalized in BT-20 cells. Results of this study demonstrate that PEO-modified poly-1 nanoparticles could provide increased therapeutic benefit by delivering the encapsulated drug to solid tumors.
Successful icons of failed time: Rethinking post-communist nostalgia:

Under what cultural conditions can the relics of symbolically polluted time re-emerge as its purified signifiers and culturally successful icons within new circumstances? What does it mean when people articulate ‘nostalgic’ commitments to social reality they have themselves recently jettisoned? Drawing on the ideas of the iconic turn and American cultural sociology, the article offers a new framework for understanding post-communist nostalgia. Specifically, it provides a comparative reinterpretation of the phenomenon of so-called Ostalgie as manifest in the streetscapes of Berlin and its counterpart in Warsaw. One of the key arguments holds that ‘nostalgic’ icons are successful because they play the cultural role of mnemonic bridges to rather than tokens of longing for the failed communist past. In this capacity they forge a communal sense of continuity in the liquid times of systemic transformation. As such, the article contributes to broader debates about meanings of material objects and urban space in ...
THE PHANTASM OF AESTHETIC AUTONOMY IN WHISTLER'S WORK: TITLING THE WHITE GIRL

This essay explores how James McNeill Whistler's design and titling of his painting The White Girl (1862) responded to the contradictions between his ideal of aesthetic autonomy and his concern to situate his work in the art markets of London and Paris. Attention to Whistler's ironic deployment of suggestive visual imagery and of titles associated with popular narratives leads to a re-evaluation of how the painting might have signified for viewers in 1862–3. The essay argues that Whistler negotiated conflicts between aesthetic purity and commercial concerns by designing and titling this canvas to function in different ways for what he posited as distinct audiences: an aesthetically sensitive elite and the general publics in London and Paris. The investigation of Whistler's titling tactics and their implications for his art's position within modernism is extended through analysis of new evidence found in previously unnoticed titular inscriptions on wood engravings after his designs.