cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive therapy and symbolic interactionism: Expanding clinical potential

This paper offers a clinical synthesis of cognitive therapy—as practiced by Beck, Ellis, and Meichenbaum — and symbolic interactionism, the dominant social psychological perspective in sociology. The model presented capitalizes on the established observation that social interaction often has an indirect though clinically significant impact on cognition. A systematic approach to the modification of selected social relationships when combined with cognitive restructuring enhances the potential effectiveness of the counseling process and increases the probability of successful clinical outcome. A didactic model for clients, a sensitizing model for clinicians, and a systematic rationale for the application of interpersonal techniques and strategies are offered.
Components of probability judgment accuracy: Individual consistency and effects of subject matter and assessment method.

Abstract An experiment is reported in which subjects assigned probabilities to the outcomes of basketball games and to the truth of general-knowledge items. Three different methods were used for eliciting subjects' probability judgments. Subjects were more successful in selecting answers to the general-knowledge questions than they were in picking basketball game winners. The overall accuracy of their probability judgments for general-knowledge items was superior, too. On the other hand, subjects' judgments about general-knowledge questions were more overconfident, more poorly calibrated, and included greater scatter. One method of probability assessment gave subjects an irrelevant cue. This was found to increase confidence and overconfidence and to hurt calibration. Correlations between measures of performance on general-knowledge questions and basketball predictions showed substantial individual consistency in confidence, but only weak consistency in other components of judgment quality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Oxidative stress adaptation improves postischemic ventricular recovery.

Adaptation to various forms of stress has been found to be associated with increased cellular tolerance to myocardial ischemia. In this study, the effects of myocardial adaptation to oxidative stress was examined by injecting rats with endotoxin (0.5 mg/kg) and its non-toxic derivative, lipid A (0.5 mg/kg). Both compounds exerted oxidative stress within 1 h of treatment as evidenced by enhanced malonaldehyde formation. The oxidative stress disappeared steadily and progressively with time in concert with the appearance of the induction of glutathione and antioxidative enzymes that included superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. After 24 h of endotoxin or lipid A treatment, the amount of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly lower and higher, respectively, compared to those at the baseline levels. Corroborating these results, both endotoxin and lipid A provided protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury as evidenced by significantly improved postischemic recovery of left ventricular functions. The data presented here demonstrates that a controlled amount of oxidative stress induces the expression of intracellular antioxidants that can result in enhanced myocardial tolerance to ischemia. This suggests that myocardial adaptation to oxidative stress may be a potential tool for reduction of ischemic/reperfusion injury.
Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques

Cannabis remains the most commonly abused illicit drug and is rapidly expanding in quasi-licit use in some jurisdictions under medical marijuana laws. Effects of the psychoactive constituent Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC) on cognitive function remain of pressing concern. Prior studies in monkeys have not shown consistent evidence of memory-specific effects of Δ9THC on recognition tasks, and it remains unclear to what extent Δ9THC causes sedative versus specific cognitive effects. In this study, adult male rhesus monkeys were trained on tasks which assess spatial working memory, visuo-spatial associative memory and learning as well as motivation for food reward. Subjects were subsequently challenged with 0.1–0.3 mg/kg Δ9THC, i.m., in randomized order and evaluated on the behavioral measures. The performance of both vsPAL and SOSS tasks was impaired by Δ9THC in a dose and task-difficulty dependent manner. It is concluded that Δ9THC disrupts cognition in a way that is consistent with a direct effect on memor...
Why Do Gen Y Students Study Abroad? Individual Growth and the Intent to Study Abroad

We propose that Generation Y college students’ motivations to study abroad are rooted in the desire for individual growth, which, combined with other motivation factors—gender, parents’ educational level, prior international experience, age, and household income—drives the intent to study abroad. The study samples juniors and seniors in business majors, thereby attempting to shorten the temporal distance between study abroad intent and action. A significant number of students declare intent to study abroad as freshmen, yet fail to act on those intentions when the opportunity presents itself a year or two later. Results showed that the desire for individual growth was significantly and positively related to Gen Y business students’ intention to study abroad. Students’ prior experience visiting foreign countries and younger age positively moderated the effect of the desire for individual growth on intent to study abroad. The time lag between intent and action, and the fact that study abroad is a high involv...
The Differential Effects of Student-Faculty Interaction on College Outcomes for Women and Men

This study examined whether the impact of student-faculty interaction on a range of student outcomes—including academic achievement, goals, self-confidence, well-being, and attitudes—differed for women and men. The data were drawn from a national longitudinal sample of college students (N = 17,637) who were surveyed upon entry to college in 1994 and four years later in 1998. Results indicate that although many commonalities exist in how student-faculty interaction relates to college outcomes for women and men, differential effects based on gender were observed across a number of domains.
Protocols for electron dosimetry

Brief comments are made on the standardezation of electron dose calibration procedures in relation to the recommeudations made by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine 1966, The Mordic Association of Clinical Physics 1971, The Hospital Physicists Association 1971, and the ICRU 1972. Errors arising from depth-dose curves are discussed, together with those arising from the specification of beam energy using the half-value depth in water. It is recommended that the depth-dose curves (especially in the region of dose maximum) be measured for each machine, the depth of calibration be chosen as close to the maximum as possible, and the energy be determined from the established rangeenergy relationships. (UK)
Applying Prevention and Positive Youth Development Theory to Predict Depressive Symptoms Among Young People

The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among adolescents using concepts drawn from two theoretical models that underlie popular youth-focused programs. Specific...
Characteristics, services, and infection control practices of New York City assisted living facilities, 2010.

Objectives: To describe New York City (NYC) assisted living facility (ALF) characteristics, services offered, and infection control practices and to identify infection control barriers and unmet needs. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: ALFs licensed or applying to be licensed in NYC. Participants: Seventy ALFs; 70 of 77 eligible facilities participated (91% participation rate). Measurements: Telephone interview questions assessed ALF characteristics, services offered, and infection control practices, including glucometry practices. Results: ALFs provided a broad range of services, such as vaccination (90%), assistance with taking medication (75%), bathing and showering (33%), and blood glucose monitoring (90%). Ninety percent of the facilities had nurses on site (directly employed or through a contract agency). Five facilities reported that residents sometimes shared glucometers, and one reported that fingerstick devices were sometimes shared. The majority of facilities wanted educational materials for staff (83%) and residents (77%) on topics including influenza, respiratory illness, norovirus, standard precautions, and general infection control. ALFs had a range of sick leave policies and infection control training requirements. Eighty-nine percent of the facilities reported having designated staff responsible for infection control, although 50% had nonclinical job titles. Conclusion: NYC ALFs were varied in terms of nursing services offered, characteristics, and residents� needs; therefore, public health agencies may need to be flexible in their assistance. Public health agencies should consider strengthening relationships with ALFs to identify unmet needs and gaps in services.
Symmetry of Septin Hourglass and Ring Structures

Abstract Septin filaments form ordered hourglass and ring-shaped structures in close apposition to the yeast bud-neck membrane. The septin hourglass scaffolds the asymmetric localization of many essential cell division proteins. However, it is unknown whether the septin structures have an overall polarity along the mother–daughter axis that determines the asymmetric protein localization. Here we engineered rigid septin– green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with various fluorescence dipole directions by changing the position of the GFP β-barrel relative to the septin filament axis. We then used polarized fluorescence microscopy to detect potential asymmetries in the filament organization. We found that both the hourglass and ring filament assemblies have sub-resolution C2 symmetry and lack net polarity along the mother–daughter axis. The hourglass filaments have an additional degree of symmetry relative to the ring filaments, most likely due to a twist in their higher-order structure. We previously reported that during the hourglass to rings transition septin filaments change their direction. Here we show that the filaments also undergo a change in their lateral organization, consistent with filament untwisting. The lack of net septin polarity along the mother–daughter axis suggests that there are no septin-based structural reasons for the observed asymmetry of other proteins. We discuss possible anisotropic processes that could break the septin symmetry and establish the essential bud-neck asymmetry.
Insulin biosynthesis and diabetes mellitus

This review reports the use of recombinant DNA techniques in the study of the structure and regulation of expression of insulin genes in man and experimental animals. Insulin biosynthesis by pancreatic islet cells is predominantly regulated by change in plasma glucose concentration. Using a cell-free protein synthesizing system as an assay of functional proinsulin messenger RNA (mRNA), and hybridization analysis with a cloned DNA complementary to proinsulin mRNA, it has been determined that through changes in proinsulin mRNA levels. Insulin genes of the rat, chicken and human have been isolated and sequenced. The 5' ends of the genes have similar sequences suggesting areas important for regulation of transcription. There are two non-allelic insulin genes in the rat, but only one in chickens and humans. Intervening sequences, areas of DNA transcribed into precursor mRNA but which do not appear in mature mRNA, have been described within insulin genes. The insulin gene resides on chromosome 11 of humans as determined by DNA hybridization analysis of mouse human hybrid cells. The structure of the insulin gene in genomic DNA of humans has been analyzed in diabetics and non-diabetics. Insertions of DNA between 1500 and 3400 base pairs have been detected near the transcription initiation site in 65% of type II diabetics, and 25-30% of non-diabetics (this difference is significant at the p less than 0.001 level). Limitation of these insertions to this potential promotor region of the insulin gene suggests that they may alter gene expression in type II diabetes. These insertions of DNA may prove to be useful genetic markers for diabetes.
Moral Disengagement in the Corporate World

We analyze mechanisms of moral disengagement used to eliminate moral consequences by industries whose products or production practices are harmful to human health. Moral disengagement removes the restraint of self-censure from harmful practices. Moral self-sanctions can be selectively disengaged from harmful activities by investing them with socially worthy purposes, sanitizing and exonerating them, displacing and diffusing responsibility, minimizing or disputing harmful consequences, making advantageous comparisons, and disparaging and blaming critics and victims. Internal industry documents and public statements related to the research activities of these industries were coded for modes of moral disengagement by the tobacco, lead, vinyl chloride (VC), and silicosis-producing industries. All but one of the modes of moral disengagement were used by each of these industries. We present possible safeguards designed to protect the integrity of research.
Effect of pore-space spatial correlations on two-phase flow in porous media

Abstract The pore space in naturally occurring porous media is often spatially correlated. This work is aimed at developing an understanding of the effect of these correlations on multiphase transport properties. Three different correlation structures, namely, spatially uncorrelated, spherical and fractional Brownian motion (fBm) are used to construct the pore space. Two-phase primary drainage and imbibition capillary pressure and relative permeability curves are calculated from pore-level network simulations. Capillary pressure and relative permeability curves for uncorrelated and spherically correlated media are realization-independent, i.e., variations in these properties from realization to realization tend to vanish for large lattices. This is not true for porous networks based on fBm; variability increases with the Hurst exponent for both primary drainage and imbibition. The percolating cluster during primary drainage for uncorrelated and spherically correlated media is fractal, displaying decreasing density with increase in the system size. The percolating cluster is dense for fBm media studied, displaying scale-invariance. Spatial pore-space correlation has a large impact on imbibition capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Moreover, the effects of these correlations on the imbibition process are quite different from those observed for primary drainage. The imbibition process for correlated systems is characterized by an increased probability for snap-off with a corresponding decreased probability for piston-like displacement. These mechanisms dictate the residual nonwetting-phase saturation, which generally increases with increasing degrees of pore-size spatial correlation.
Radio-Frequency Current Distributions on Aircraft Structures

A method for the experimental determination of the distribution of radio-frequency current on the metal surface of an aircraft mounting a transmitting antenna is described. Plots of the amplitude and phase of the current excited on various types of air frames by typical medium-high-frequency antennas are presented and compared qualitatively with the results obtained from quasi-static arguments.
Auriculotherapy for pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Abstract Objectives: Side-effects of standard pain medications can limit their use. Therefore, nonpharmacologic pain relief techniques such as auriculotherapy may play an important role in pain management. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating auriculotherapy for pain management. Design: MEDLINE,® ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, AMED, and Cochrane Library were searched through December 2008. Randomized trials comparing auriculotherapy to sham, placebo, or standard-of-care control were included that measured outcomes of pain or medication use and were published in English. Two (2) reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility, quality, and abstracted data to a standardized form. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for studies using a pain score or analgesic requirement as a primary outcome. Results: Seventeen (17) studies met inclusion criteria (8 perioperative, 4 acute, and 5 chronic pain). Auriculotherapy was superior to controls for studies e...
A STUDY ON BACTERIAL PROTEINS WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF GONOCOCCUS AND MENINGOCOCCUS

Methods of preparation and certain properties of the "nucleoproteins" of the following organisms are described: gonococcus, meningococcus, Micrococcus catarrhalis , R pneumococcus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus . No essential differences between the nucleoproteins and the intact cells of gonococcus and meningococcus were observed in their ability to engender immune substances (precipitins), to induce bacterial allergy in rabbits, or to elicit cutaneous reactions (of the delayed type) in rabbits rendered hypersensitive to these organisms. Measured by their lethal action in mice, the toxicity of gonococcal and meningococcal nucleoproteins was found to be but slightly less than that of the intact cells. It seems probable, therefore, that the toxic action of these organisms is due, chiefly or entirely, to some constituent of the nucleoprotein fraction. Extraction with acetone and ether in the cold did not reduce appreciably the toxicity of these organisms and their nucleoproteins, nor alter their immunological behavior. Cross-precipitin reactions suggested that gonococcal nucleoprotein contains an antigenic factor in common with the non-encapsulated pneumococcus cell, and meningococcal nucleoprotein one in common with the capsular material of Pneumococcus Type III. Tryptic digestion destroys these antigenic factors, but not those responsible for the cross-reactions within the genus Neisseria .
From dependable multi-user to dependable multi-application operating systems: invited talk

In this talk I will report on two operating system (OS) efforts at Microsoft Research: Singularity [1, 2] and Service OS [3, 4]. Singularity focuses on the construction of dependable multi-user operating systems through innovation in the areas of systems, languages, and tools. One of Singularity's major innovations is for example that Singularity uses a new type safe language and an abstract instruction set to enable what we call Software Isolated Processes (SIPs). SIPs provide the strong isolation guarantees of OS processes without the overhead of hardware-enforced protection domains. Singularity runs each program, device driver, or system extension in its own SIP. SIPs cannot be extended at runtime and don't share data, but they come with contracts and manifests that are statically enforced at compile- or install time.However designing an OS as a multi-user system might not be the right OS model for the future. Today most personal computers are no longer shared by different users, but shared by mutually distrusting applications. The browser platform is the prime example for this change: a single webpage often combines multiple applications from different service providers, all of which run within the same process without coherent support for resource access, control, and sharing. This makes web browsers a vulnerable platform. In the light of these changes we envision Service OS, a multi-service OS on which web applications and traditional desktop applications converge. A service can be either code or data. Services are hosted in the cloud and cached on the client. The owner of the service is an OS principal; in the context of a browser we use the origin of a website as a principal. Like traditional operating system, only the service OS kernel controls resources and can grant access. But unlike a traditional OS, Service OS needs new resource management policies, to capture the often hierarchical nature of application compositions. We will sketch the design of Service OS, discuss where we intend to leverage Singularity technology, and point out outstanding research challenges.
Systematic study of the effect of disorder on nanotribology of self-assembled monolayers

The adhesion and friction between pairs of ordered and disordered self-assembled monolayers on SiO2 are studied using molecular dynamics. The disorder is introduced by randomly removing chains from a well ordered crystalline substrate and by attaching chains to an amorphous substrate. The adhesion force between monolayers at a given separation increases monotonically with chain length at full coverage and with coverage for fixed chain length. Friction simulations are performed at shear velocities between 0.02-2 m/s at constant applied pressures between 200 and 600 MPa. Stick-slip motion is observed at full coverage but disappears with disorder. With random defects, the friction becomes insensitive to chain length, defect density, and substrate.
APC0576, a novel inhibitor of NF-κB-dependent gene activation, prevents pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced chemokine production in human endothelial cells

Endothelial cells participate in the inflammatory and immune reactions. Endothelial cell activation is a recurrent phenomenon linked to the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, such as acute and chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF) are well-known activators of endothelial cells, since they strongly induce production of chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1) and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in an activation of inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-kappaB. We have established a cell-based reporter assay for the NF-kappaB-dependent gene activation in HUVEC. Using this assay system, we have identified a novel synthetic small molecule, APC0576, 5-(((S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-(((S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pyridine, as an inhibitor of IL-1-induced NF-kappaB-dependent gene activation without any adverse effects on the cell viability. APC0576 represses the IL-1-induced release of chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1) in HUVEC. This inhibitory effect occurred at the level of mRNA expression. Despite having a strong inhibitory effect on the NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activation, APC0576 does not inhibit the IL-1-induced DNA binding of NF-kappaB, degradation of I-kappaB-alpha, or phosphorylation of RelA (p65). Although its molecular mechanism of action is not yet clear, APC0576 is a promising therapeutic candidate for diverse diseases involved in the pathogenic endothelial activation.
Surface Characterization of Amorphous Aluminum Oxides

Surface area is a physical property of solids that has been used as an indicator of reactivity and as an input parameter in chemical surface complexation models of ion adsorption. This study was conducted to identify the factors that affect the surface area of synthetic Al oxides and to evaluate whether surface area is a stable physical property of amorphous Al oxides. Four Al oxides were synthesized using four different methodologies. The surface area and porosity, especially mesoporosity, were characterized using gas adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Reactivity toward adsorption of borate, arsenite, arsenate, and molybdate as a function of solution pH, and ion activity products after aqueous reaction were also investigated. Surface areas were found to be affected by various factors, including aging, drying, heating, reaction in aqueous solution, and concentration of the starting reagents during synthesis. Aluminum oxide minerals of widely differing initial surface areas measured in the dry state had surface areas of comparable magnitude upon reaction in aqueous solution; the initially high surface areas decreased and the initially low surface areas increased to a surface area of 32.4 = 2.8 m 2 g 1 . Initial surface area is not a good indicator of chemical reactivity for synthetic amorphous Al oxides. Accurate surface characterization is needed at the time of reaction if thermodynamically unstable materials are used in adsorption studies.
Nutritional Value of Soybeans in the Diet of Depancreatized Chickens

Abstract INTRODUCTION IN response to a meal of raw soybean (RS) diet the enzymes of the pancreas of the chicken decreased much more than after a meal of heated soybean (HS) diet (Lepkovsky et al., 1965; Lyman and Lepkovsky, 1957). The chemical work was supported by morphological observations; the zymogen granules of the acini cells of the pancreas were depleted after a meal of RS diet but not after a meal of HS diet (Applegarth et al., 1964; Booth et al., 1960). That depletion was referred to as the “discharge” effect. In the light of this information, along with the observation that the percentage of nitrogen was higher in the intestinal contents of animals fed RS diet than in those fed HS diet, it was postulated that the RS diet stimulated the pancreas to secrete excessive amounts of pancreatic proteins which were “ultimately” lost (Haines and Lyman, 1961). Elimination of the…
Differential Ideology and Language Use: Readers' Reconstructions and Descriptions of News Events.

Building on the work of Trew and his associates, this essay analyzes qualitative questionnaire data on readers' perceptions and reconstructions of the events and ideologies presented in newspaper texts. The results bear directly on the interaction between the ideology “embedded” in texts and the readers who encounter those texts. A sociolinguistic and interactional perspective on the media/audience relationship is therefore developed.
Efficacy of Using Learning Communities To Improve Core Chemistry Education and Increase Student Interest and Retention in Chemistry

This article describes the effects that the incorporation of learning communities into the curriculum to improve undergraduate education has had on the chemistry program at Wagner College. The increase in the number of chemistry majors is attributed to the use of learning communities as well as other potential factors discussed in the paper.
Oviposition preference and offspring performance of Eurosta solidaginis on genotypes of Solidago altissima

We studied the relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance in Eurosta solidaginis, a fly that induces galls on tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. In a garden experiment, we measured the oviposition preference and performance of E. solidaginis on four replicates of 20 genotypes of Solidago altissima for two years. No evidence was found of an oviposition preference based on plant genotype. E olidaginis survival was influenced by plant genotype in 1991, but not in 1990. In 1991, there was no correlation between the preference for plant genotypes and larval performance on these genotypes. More rapidly growing ramets were ovipunctured more frequently. However, survival was highest on ramets with intermediate growth rates. On a per-plot basis, there was no relationship between mean growth rate and oviposition preference or offspring performance. In both 1990 and 1991 there was no significant correlation between preference and performance among plots. There were no significant positive correlations between years in the experimental garden in E olidaginis preference for, or performance on. S. altissima genotypes. There were also no significant positive correlations between preference and performance by E. solidaginis for S. altissima genotypes in the field and in the experimental garden. This indicates a high degree of plasticity in plant traits related to oviposition preference and offspring performance.
Edge state tunneling in a split Hall bar model

We introduce and study the correlation functions of a chiral one-dimensional electron model intended to qualitatively represent narrow Hall bars separated into left and right sections by a penetrable barrier. The model has two parameters representing, respectively, interactions between top and bottom edges of the Hall bar and interactions between the edges on opposite sides of the barrier. We show that the scaling dimensions of tunneling processes depend on the relative strengths of the interactions, with repulsive interactions across the Hall bar tending to make breaks in the barrier irrelevant. The model can be solved analytically and is characterized by a difference between the dynamics of even and odd Fourier components. We address its experimental relevance by comparing its predictions with those of a more geometrically realistic model that must be solved numerically.
Mode-locking and chaos in Rayleigh—Benard convection

Abstract We have experimentally studied the transition to chaos in a thermally convecting dilute solution of 3 He in superfluid 4 He. Two natural oscillatory instabilities are found in our geometry. Mode-locking is observed over a range of Rayleigh and Prandtl number. The mode-locking steps have a measured fractal dimension in good agreement with theoretical predictions and the larger steps show Farey tree ordering. Far below chaos many features of the measurements are suggestive of the circle map. We produce a one-dimensional map showing a tangent bifurcation to a mode-locked state. An effective phase angle change across a mode-locked step is calculated from the data. Close to chaos, hysteresis and other effects are suggestive of a two-dimensional map. The fractal dimension of the attractor is measured over a range of Rayleigh number close to the chaotic onset. Our Poincare sections show the fractalization of the torus and are characterized by extremely high resolution.
The applicability of half-mouth examination to periodontal disease assessment in untreated adult populations.

Background: Data from whole-mouth examinations are the gold standard for accurate assessment of periodontal disease. Since periodontal destruction exhibits left-right symmetry, however, it is hypothesized that a half-mouth exam provides an appropriate alternative to whole-mouth assessment, with considerable advantage over a more limited partial-mouth assessment of index teeth. Methods: Data from 2 untreated populations were utilized in the analyses. Half-mouth (random diagonal quadrants) and Ramfjord teeth assessment was compared with whole-mouth assessment as follows. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for mean plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) and for percentage of sites with PD ≥4, 5, or 6 mm; CAL ≥3, 4, 5, or 6 mm; and recession ≥3 mm to determine the agreement between the whole- and partial-mouth assessment. Disease prevalence was also determined for both whole- and partialmouth assessments. Results: For mean PI, GI, PD, and CAL, both half-mouth and Ramfjord teeth assessment provided an acceptable alternative to whole-mouth assessment (ICCs >0.92). For percentage of sites above a specified threshold, ICCs were generally greater than 0.90 in all age cohorts for half-mouth assessment, but consistently lower for Ramfjord teeth assessment. Ramfjord teeth assessment also considerably underestimated disease prevalence compared with half-mouth assessment. Conclusions: These results support the use of a half-mouth examination procedure, to conserve time, limit cost, and reduce patient and examiner fatigue while providing maximal clinical information. Ramfjord teeth assessment was not as suitable for evaluation of either disease extent or prevalence.
Mobility Limitation in the Older Patient: A Clinical Review

Importance Mobility limitations are common in older adults, affecting the physical, psychological, and social aspects of an older adult’s life. Objective To identify mobility risk factors, screening tools, medical management, need for physical therapy, and efficacy of exercise interventions for older primary care patients with limited mobility. Evidence Acquisition Search of PubMed and PEDro from January 1985 to March 31, 2013, using the search terms mobility limitation , walking difficulty , and ambulatory difficulty to identify English-language, peer-reviewed systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and Cochrane reviews assessing mobility limitation and interventions in community-dwelling older adults. Articles not appearing in the search referenced by reviewed articles were also evaluated. Findings The most common risk factors for mobility impairment are older age, low physical activity, obesity, strength or balance impairment, and chronic diseases such as diabetes or arthritis. Several tools are available to assess mobility in the ambulatory setting. Referral to physical therapy is appropriate, because physical therapists can assess mobility limitations and devise curative or function-enhancing interventions. Relatively few studies support therapeutic exercise to improve mobility limitation. Strong evidence supports resistance and balance exercises for improving mobility-limiting physical weakness and balance disorders. Assessing a patient’s physical environment and the patient’s ability to adapt to it using mobility devices is critical. Conclusions and Relevance Identification of older adults at risk for mobility limitation can be accomplished through routine screening in the ambulatory setting. Addressing functional deficits and environmental barriers with exercise and mobility devices can lead to improved function, safety, and quality of life for patients with mobility limitations.
Cell-based OPC with standard-cell fill insertion

Litho-aware design methodology is the key to enable the aggressive scaling down to the future technology node. Boundary based methodology for cellwise OPC has been proposed to account for influence from features of neighboring cells. As technology advances toward 32 and 22 nm, more columns of features are needed as representative environments for the boundary-based cellwise OPC. In this paper, we propose a new method that combines the fill insertion and boundary-based cellwise OPC to reduce the mask data size as well as the prohibitive runtime of full-chip OPC, making cell characterization more predictable. To make the number of cell OPC solutions easy to handle, we present a new methodology which uses dummy fill insertion both inside and outside cells to solve the issue for technologies beyond 45 nm. Experimental results show a solid 30% improvement on average and maximum edge placement errors (EPE) over the previous work.
Cell surface glycosaminoglycans are not obligatory for Plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion in vitro.

Abstract The malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein binds to glycosaminoglycan chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans present on the basolateral surface of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells in vitro. When injected into mice, CS protein is rapidly cleared from the blood circulation by hepatocytes. The binding region for the HSPGs is the evolutionarily conserved region II-plus of the CS protein. Here we have asked whether the presence of glycosaminoglycans on the plasma membrane of target cells is required for sporozoite invasion in vitro. Two types of target cells were used: HepG2 cells, which are permissive for Plasmodium berghei sporozoite development into mature exoerythrocytic forms, and CHO cells, in which the intracellular development of the parasites is arrested early after penetration. The invasion of mutant CHO cells expressing undersulfated glycosaminoglycans or no glycosaminoglycans was only inhibited 41–49% or 24–32%, respectively, in comparison to invasion of CHO-K1 cells. Previous cleavage of HepG2 surface membrane glycosaminoglycans with heparinase or heparitinase had no significant inhibitory effect on subsequent P. berghei sporozoite invasion and EEF development in these cells, although the glycosaminoglycan lyase treatments removed over 80% of CS binding sites from the cell surface. These results suggest that although the presence of glycosaminoglycans on the target cell surface enhances sporozoite invasion, glycosaminoglycans are not required for sporozoite penetration or the development of exoerythrocytic forms in vitro.
Reflection-assisted unidirectional hybrid silicon microring lasers

We study directional bistability in hybrid silicon microring lasers and demonstrate an unidirectional laser. Unidirectional emission is achieved by integrating a passive reflector that feeds laser emission back into laser cavity to introduce extra unidirectional gain. We show that the length of the passive reflector is a critical parameter in determining the lasing behavior.
Radiative neutrino decay in E

The existence of relatively light (\ensuremath{\lesssim}1 TeV) exotic fermions and right-handed currents present in ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ grand unified theories can lead to an enormous enhancement in the radiative decay of neutrinos by many orders of magnitude. For neutrino masses in the keV range this allows for the possibility of evading the cosmological bound resulting from the shape of spectrum of the microwave background.
Police personality: What is it and why are they like that?

Debate has swirled around the issue of the term “Police Personality.” The debate over this has been mainly over the issues of definition and development; i.e., what is a police personality and how does it form? Is it a predispositional model of personality or is it created by the nature of the work itself (an occupational-socialization model)? Perhaps the issue is not as simply dichotomous as that; perhaps it is a combination of both predisposition and experiences that forms this elusive personality. This paper will review the relevant literature pertaining to police personality, both predispositional notions and job created notions, as well as the literature on personality theories in a broader perspective.
In-Office Laryngeal Surgery with the 585nm Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL)

Objectives The 585nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) is a promising tool for in-office laryngeal surgery. Data with respect to the safety and efficacy of the PDL for office laryngeal use is sparse. The purpose of this study is to review our experience with unsedated office PDL surgery. Methods Records of individuals undergoing in-office PDL between September 1, 2004, and September 1, 2006 were abstracted from a clinical database. Results Forty-seven patients underwent 117 treatments. The most common indications were recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), Reinke’s edema, and vocal fold polyps. One hundred and four of 117 procedures were felt to be a success ablating all disease. Thirteen treatments required early termination. The most common factor responsible for termination was an inability to achieve a comfortable level of anesthesia. One patient with Reinke’s edema developed postprocedure stridor that required a 3-day hospital admission for observation and corticosteroids. There was no incidence of any vocal fold scarring, web formation, or other complications. Conclusions The 585nm PDL is a promising tool for in-office treatment of various laryngeal disorders. Complications are rare.
Arrhythmias in transposition of the great arteries after the mustard operation

Abstract Disorders of rhythm or conduction in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after the Mustard operation have been widely reported. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the electrophysiologic function of 87 survivors of the Mustard operation at a single institution. Surface electrocardiograms were reviewed in all 87 patients, Holter monitoring data in 26 patients, exercise electrocardiograms in 21 patients, and invasive electrophysiologic data in 61 patients. Surface electrocardiograms showed normal sinus rhythm in 52%, sinus node dysfunction in 27%, and atrioventricular block in 16%. Holter monitoring was obtained in an unselected subgroup of 26 patients who had a mean age of 12 years and a mean interval from operation of 9 years. Sinus node dysfunction was found in 58%, atrioventricular block in 27%, ventricular ectopy in 50%, supraventricular ectopy in 27%, and no abnormalities in only 8%. Intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation showed a high frequency of abnormal sinus node recovery times and suboptimal response of the atrioventricular conduction system to rapid atrial pacing. When all modalities used in this study were considered, sinus node dysfunction occurred in 47%, ectopy in 34%, and atrioventricular block in 23%. Although only 30% of patients had no evidence of arrhythmia, symptoms of rhythm or conduction disturbances were rare.
Optimization, pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR studies of sipholanes as breast cancer migration and proliferation inhibitors.

Abstract Sipholenol A, a triterpene isolated from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella, was previously shown to reverse multidrug resistance in P-glycoprotein-overexpressing cancer cells. Moreover, sipholanes showed promising in vitro inhibitory effects against the invasion and migration of the metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The breast tumor kinase (Brk), a mediator of cancer cell phenotypes important for proliferation, survival, and migration, was proposed as a potential target. This study reports additional semisynthetic optimization of sipholenol A esters to improve the breast cancer antimigratory and antiproliferative activities as well as Brk phosphorylation inhibition. Fifteen new sipholenol A analogs (25–39) were semisynthesized. Sipholenol A 4β-4′,5′-dichlorobenzoate ester (29) was the most potent, with an IC50 value of 1.3 μM in the migration assay. The level of Brk phosphorylation inhibition of 29 was assessed using the Z′-LYTE™ kinase assay and Western blot analysis. Active analogs showed no toxicity on the non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cell line MCF10A at doses equal to their IC50 values or higher in migration and proliferation assays, suggesting their selectivity towards malignant cells. Pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR studies were conducted to identify important pharmacophoric features and correlate 3D-chemical structure with activity. These studies provided the evidence for future design of novel antimigratory compounds based on a simplified sipholane structure possessing rings A and B (perhydrobenzoxepine) connected to substituted aromatic esters, with the elimination of rings C and D ([5,3,0]bicyclodecane system). This will enable the future synthesis of the new active entities feasibly and cost-effectively. These results demonstrate the potential of marine natural products for the discovery of novel scaffolds for the control and management of metastatic breast cancer.
On the power of stationarity tests using optimal bandwidth estimates

Abstract The correct size of stationarity tests using optimal lag selection and pre-whitening procedures might be obtained at the expense of power. These procedures involve some intrinsic problems when they are applied to stationarity tests.
Ground moving target imaging using bi-static synthetic aperture radar

In this paper, we present a novel method for imaging of moving targets using bi-static synthetic aperture radar configurations. We present a forward model that maps the two-dimensional reflectivity and velocity of targets to the measured scattered field data. We then introduce a filtered-back-projection type method to reconstruct the reflectivity and use Renyi entropy to determine the two-dimensional velocity of targets. The filter is determined so that the reflectivity images are reconstructed at the correct location, orientation and strength whenever the velocity field is determined correctly. We present numerical simulations to verify our theory.
Permeability contrasts between sheared and normally consolidated sediments in the Nankai accretionary prism

Abstract At subduction zones, the permeability of major fault zones influences pore pressure generation, controls fluid flow pathways and rates, and affects fault slip behavior and mechanical strength by mediating effective normal stress. Therefore, there is a need for detailed and systematic permeability measurements of natural materials from fault systems, particularly measurements that allow direct comparison between the permeability of sheared and unsheared samples from the same host rock or sediment. We conducted laboratory experiments to compare the permeability of sheared and uniaxially consolidated (unsheared) marine sediments sampled during IODP Expedition 316 and ODP Leg 190 to the Nankai Trough offshore Japan. These samples were retrieved from: (1) The decollement zone and incoming trench fill offshore Shikoku Island (the Muroto transect); (2) Slope sediments sampled offshore SW Honshu (the Kumano transect) ~ 25 km landward of the trench, including material overriden by a major out-of-sequence thrust fault, termed the “megasplay”; and (3) A region of diffuse thrust faulting near the toe of the accretionary prism along the Kumano transect. Our results show that shearing reduces fault-normal permeability by up to 1 order of magnitude, and this reduction is largest for shallow (
The role of religion in mediating the transition to residential care

Abstract Purpose The move from independent domicile to residential care can be a traumatic experience for the elderly. This study investigated the mediatory role of the individual's religious and spiritual beliefs on coping with this transition. Design and methods A self-report survey design was used, and questionnaires were administered to 50 individuals who had entered residential care within the previous 12 months. Results The analyses showed that scores on a life satisfaction scale were significantly and positively correlated with those from a spirituality measure (p = .033), from a faith in nature and humanity scale (p = .001), and from an instrument to measure the use of religion as a coping measure (p = .004). Contrary to the hypotheses, there were no such significant relationships with measures of either organised or non-organised religion. The relationships between variables were further explored through a path analysis. Implications The findings pointed to the benefits of a more personal and subjective belief system than a formal one. We concluded that it is important for all those who work with the elderly to acknowledge and recognise the role that religious and spiritual beliefs may have as a coping mechanism during stressful times.
PTEN: life as a tumor suppressor.

PTEN, a tumor suppressor located at chromosome 10q23, is mutated in a variety of sporadic cancers and in two autosomal dominant hamartoma syndromes. PTEN is a phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3), an important intracellular second messenger, lowering its level within the cell. By dephosphorylating PtdIns-3,4,5-P3, PTEN acts in opposition to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which has a pivotal role in the creation of PtdIns-3,4,5-P3. PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 is necessary for the activation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell growth and survival. By blocking the activation of Akt, PTEN regulates cellular processes such as cell cycling, translation, and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss the identification of PTEN, its mutational status in cancer, its role as a regulator of PI3K, and its domain structure.