cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Civic Engagement and Advocacy in Public-Nonprofit Partnerships

Research on collaboration demonstrates that successful contracting partnerships can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public service provision, but how collaboration shapes community relationships and other social dynamics has received comparatively little attention. Building from a case study of an extensive, long-term partnership between a nonprofit and a unit of the national park system, we argue that collaboration can generate both local civic engagement and nonprofit advocacy. We show that, as partners with public agencies, nonprofits sometimes become important brokers that spur community engagement for planning as well as advocacy for projects and park conservation. We also demonstrate that civic engagement and advocacy share many commonalities and can be mutually reinforcing, even though within public administration the two activities tend to be viewed very differently. These findings establish an agenda for additional research on the consequences that arise from the transformation of the...
Sugar Acetates as CO2-philes: Molecular Interactions and Structure Aspects from Absorption Measurement Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Sugar acetates, recognized as attractive CO2-philic compounds, have potential uses as pharmaceutical excipients, controlled release agents, and surfactants for microemulsion systems in CO2-based processes. This study focuses on the quantitative examination of absorption of high pressure CO2 into these sugar derivatives using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a detector. In addition to the absorption measurement, the QCM is initially found to be able to detect the CO2-induced deliquescence of sugar acetates, and the CO2 pressure at which the deliquescence happens depends on several influencing factors such as the temperature and thickness of the film. The CO2 absorption in α-d-glucose pentaacetate (Ac-α-GLU) is revealed to be of an order of magnitude larger in comparison with its anomer Ac-β-GLU, whereas α-d-galactose pentaacetate (Ac-α-GAL) absorbs CO2 less than Ac-α-GLU due to the steric-hindrance between the acetyl groups on the anomeric and C4 carbons, implying the significant importance of the mole...
Design of an "odor perception and objectionability threshold" test facility.

Abstract The design requirements for the study of the thresholds of odor “perception” and “objectionability” within a large population of human subjects are discussed. The collection of an adequate body of data was facilitated by the conversion of a 35 ft bus into an air-conditioned, mobile odor perception laboratory containing six identical face exposure chambers, each providing a different, known, controlled (and readily changeable) odor concentration. The mobility of the laboratory permits the evaluation of the responses of diverse groups of test subjects at fairs, expositions, elementary schools and universities. A dynamic system of odor generation is used which provides a range of concentrations within the exposure chambers from ppm to at least 1 ppb. Subjects consecutively sample the test atmospheres from the six chambers, each containing a different concentration of the same compound. Ascending, descending and random presentation of concentrations have been employed. Concentrations range from undetectable to detectable by most subjects. The test subjects report, for each chamber, whether or not an odor is “detected” and whether their response to the odor was “pleasant” or “unpleasant”. In addition, each subject provides comprehensive information concerning many variables including age, sex, smoking habits, respiratory abnormalities, and occupation. These data are transferred to punched cards and analyzed for possible significant influence upon the response to odor levels.
Measurement of chick kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase without use of radioactive substrate

Abstract Previously, activities of enzymes that hydroxylate vitamin D and its metabolites have been determined by measurement of radioactive metabolites produced from a radioactive substrate. However, sensitive ultraviolet absorbance detectors used with high-performance liquid chromatographic systems provide a means of quantitation of the products derived from nonradioactive substrates. This coupled with the superior resolution of vitamin D metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography has eliminated the need for radioactive substrate in the measurement of chicken kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -1α-hydroxylase. The method involves the incubation of chicken kidney preparations with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , extraction of the incubation mixture with chloroform/methanol, prepurification of the extract on a 0.7 × 14-cm Sephadex LH-20 column developed with a solvent system of CHCl 3 : hexane 65:35, application of appropriate fractions to a high-performance liquid chromatographic column (Zorbax-Sil in 10% 2-propanol in hexane), and detection of the product by ultraviolet absorbance. Recoveries of the product are determined with an internal standard of 1,25-dihydroxy-[26,27- 3 H]vitamin D 3 and are 80 ± 5%. Using this method the K m and V for rachitic chick kidney 25-OH-D 3 -1α-hydroxylase are 7 × 10 −7 m and 7 × 10 −10 mol/200 mg tissue/5 min, respectively.
Study of the fluoro- and chlorodimethylbutyl cations.

A comparative study of the 2,3-dimethyl-3-fluoro-2-butyl cation and its chloro analog was carried out by the ab initio/GIAO-CCSD(T) (gauge invariant atomic orbital-coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitation) method. The structures and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the cations were calculated at the GIAO-CCSD(T)/tzp/dz//MP2/cc-pVTZ level. Bridged fluoronium ion 1, carbenium ion 2, and fluorocarbenium ion 3 were found to be minima on the potential energy surface. Bridged fluoronium ion 1, although a minimum on the potential energy surface, is 12.8 kcal/mol less stable than the open chain fluorobutyl cation 3. In contrast to the fluorinated ion, bridged chloronium ion 5 was found to be the lowest energy minimum being 10.6 kcal/mol more stable than ion 6 and 7.4 kcal/mol more stable than ion 7.
Robust resource allocation of DAGs in a heterogeneous multicore system

In this study, we consider an environment composed of a heterogeneous cluster of multicore-based machines used to analyze satellite images. The workload involves large data sets, and is typically subject to deadline constraints. Multiple applications, each represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), are allocated to a dedicated heterogeneous distributed computing system. Each vertex in the DAG represents a task that needs to be executed and task execution times vary substantially across machines. The goal of this research is to assign applications to multicore-based parallel system in such a way that all applications complete before a common deadline, and their completion times are robust against uncertainties in execution times. We define a measure that quantifies robustness in this environment. We design, compare, and evaluate two resource allocation heuristics that attempt to maximize robustness.
Critically Evaluating Competing Theories: An Exercise Based on the Kitty Genovese Murder:

We describe an exercise based on the 1964 murder of Catherine Genovese—a murder observed by 38 witnesses, none of whom called the police. Students read a summary of the murder and worked in small groups to design an experiment to test the competing theories for the inaction of the witnesses (Americans' selfishness and insensitivity vs. diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance). A pretest–posttest assessment revealed a significant increase in students' ability to design experiments to test competing theories, and anonymous feedback revealed that the exercise encouraged students to appreciate the complexity of trying to explain real-world phenomena.
The gender gap and torture: opposition to torture among men and women in the USA

The study of women in politics includes the analysis of both elite women and the masses in regard to their voting, political activity, and attitudes. Research shows that women hold different political attitudes. This gender gap is explained in relation to a number of attitudes, but few studies analyze whether the gender gap is still evident in an issue area that women might be torn in two hypothesized directions. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the gender gap in individual's attitudes toward the appropriateness of torture to prevent future terrorist attacks.
The undisturbed-field model: A propagation model for close-in distances and very low antenna heights

This abstract describes a radio-wave propagation model (the Undisturbed-Field Model) that was developed at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS). The Undisturbed-Field Model was developed as the result of an investigation to create a short-range mobile-to-mobile propagation model. ITS reviewed and evaluated currently available radio-wave propagation models and came to the conclusion that none of these models were suitable for addressing the requirements of ultra-short distances and very low antenna heights. The results of the work are available in an ITS report.1 In this report, a deterministic method is described which is suitable for a very short-range propagation model for distances of 2 to 30 meters, antenna heights of 0 to 3 meters, and frequencies from 150 to 6000 MHz. The method involves the calculation of the undisturbed electric field and calculation of the loss based on the amplitude of the electric field as a function of distance, frequency, and the ground constants. The undisturbed field is that electric field produced by a transmitter antenna at different distances and heights above ground without any field-disturbing factors in the proximity of the receiver antenna location. This is in contrast to a disturbed field where an antenna located at the receiver site would disturb the electric field. The ITS report1 describes the results in detail of an investigation of the differences between the undisturbed and disturbed (mutual coupling) methods of field computation, and goes on to show the differences between the results of propagation loss computed with both methods. The disturbed-field method is the more exact method, but it is more computationally intensive and difficult to calculate when compared to the relatively simple computations with undisturbed-field method. The ITS report shows via numerous examples that for most scenarios the difference between the propagation loss computed by undisturbed-field method and the disturbed-field method is minimal.1 The undisturbed electric field technique includes near-field effects, the complex two-ray model, antenna heights, ground constants, antenna near-field and far-field response and the surface wave. Since this is a Line-of-Sight model, the ground is assumed to be flat over the distance of 30 meters or less with no irregular terrain present. For distances of less than 5 kilometers the curvature of the Earth has a negligible effect and can be assumed to be flat for frequencies less than 6 GHz over a smooth Earth.1 The Undisturbed-Field Model should be used for distances less than 300 meters. It is particularly applicable for close-in distances less than 30 meters. This presentation will describe the development of the Undisturbed-Field Model and the methods that it uses for calculating propagation loss.
Escherichia coli MutY protein has both N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activities on A.C and A.G mispairs.

Abstract In Escherichia coli the mutY (or micA)-dependent DNA mismatch repair pathway can convert A degrees G and A degrees C mismatches to C.G and G.C base pairs, respectively, through a short repair-tract mechanism. The MutY protein has been purified to near homogeneity from an E. coli overproducer strain. Purified MutY has been shown to contain both N-glycosylase and 3' apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activities. The N-glycosylase removes the mispaired adenines of A degrees G and A degrees C mismatches, and the AP endonuclease acts on the first phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP sites. The N-glycosylase and the nicking (combined N-glycosylase and AP endonuclease) activities copurified through multiple chromatographic steps without a change in relative specific activities. Furthermore, both N-glycosylase and AP endonuclease activities can be recovered by renaturation of a single polypeptide band from an SDS/polyacrylamide gel. Renaturation required the presence of iron and sulfide. These findings suggest that the MutY protein, like endonuclease III, is an iron-sulfur protein. DNA fragments with A degrees C mismatches were 20-fold less active than DNA with A degrees G mispairs as a substrate for purified MutY.
Interactions between black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and vegetation in habitat fragmented by urbanization

Abstract Although prairie dogs may function as keystone species in natural systems, little is known about their impacts in urban settings. We measured vegetative cover, vegetative height and density, and slope on isolated black-tailed prairie dog ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) colonies in semi-arid habitat along a gradient of urbanization in Denver, CO. We compared these measurements with data taken within the same colonized fragments but in areas unused by prairie dogs, and with data taken on habitat fragments entirely unoccupied by prairie dogs. As predicted, prairie dog colonies had reduced grass and litter layers, but increased forb and bare soil coverage. Plants were shorter and less dense on colonies, and slope was gentler. Grass cover was higher on uncolonized portions of fragments occupied by prairie dogs than on sites unoccupied by prairie dogs, suggesting that prairie dogs were more likely to be present on sites with high grass cover. In general, prairie dog–vegetation interactions we recorded were similar in urban fragmented landscapes to those observed in natural landscapes, providing evidence that some aspects of their ecological role are retained in urban systems.
A wind map of Bangladesh

Abstract Utilization of wind energy in Bangladesh has been slow mainly due to lack of quality wind data. Recent measurements in some places have shown significant wind energy potentials in Bangladesh. In this paper, a wind map is presented which incorporates several microscale features, such as terrain roughness, elevation etc. with a mesoscale model. Several meso-maps were obtained from global databases and a suitable model was chosen and modified for a 30-m elevation. Ground data from various sources were collected and modified for height and land condition adjustments based on local knowledge and GIS information. It was found that, the generated wind map and the modified ground data resemble. Annual average wind speed at 30 m height along the coastal belt is above 5 m/s. Wind speed in northeastern parts is above 4.5 m/s while inland wind speed is around 3.5 m/s for most part of Bangladesh. Small-scale wind turbines could be installed and tested in locations such as St. Martins Island, Cox’s Bazar, Patenga, Bhola, Barguna, Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagar.
Melt spinning of metallocene catalyzed polypropylenes. II. As-spun filament structure and properties

The melt spinning of metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (miPP) resins was investigated. The as-spun filament properties from six miPP resins were studied with melt flow rates (MFR) between 10 and 100, and a Ziegler–Natta catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (zniPP) resin with a MFR of 35 was studied for a comparison. Generally, as the molecular weight increased the filament density increased, the birefringence decreased, the tensile strength decreased, and the elongation to break increased. As the spinning speed increased, the density, birefringence, tensile strength, and crystalline and noncrystalline orientation functions generally increased. However, the low MFR miPP and the zniPP resin had decreases in the birefringence and tensile strength with an increase of the spinning speed. The miPP resins were found to have breaking tensile strengths up to 50% higher than the zniPP resin at similar spinning speeds. The observed fiber properties were explained based on the nature and orientation of noncrystalline portions of the fibers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3237–3247, 2001
Active Ca2+ transport by vesicles reconstituted from Triton X-100-solubilized pigeon erythrocyte membrane.

Abstract Pigeon erythrocyte membrane was solubilized partially, but relatively unselectively by Triton X-100. Vesicles were reconstituted from mixtures of Triton-solubilized membrane and lipid (phosphatidylcholine plus phosphatidylethanolamine plus cholesterol) by addition of bovine high-density lipoprotein. This efficiently removed the Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropherograms of reconstituted vesicles showed band patterns resembling those of the original membrane. The reconstituted vesicles showed ATP-dependent active accumulation of 45Ca2+. ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake by the reconstituted vesicles resembled the corresponding activity of the original membrane vesicles; in both preparations the Ca2+ uptake rate depended on the square of the Ca2+ concentration and had similar [Ca 2+ ] 1 2 values, 0.16 μM and 0.18 μM, respectively.
Effect of glass fiber and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber content on the impact fracture parameters of nylon 6

Abstract The impact fracture parameters of blends of nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR- g -MA) reinforced with glass fibers as a function of glass fiber and EPR- g -MA content were examined. Both the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) model and a modified essential work of fracture (EWF) model were used to analyze the data. It was found that the addition of EPR- g -MA to unreinforced nylon 6 increased the EWF parameters u o and u d defined by U / A = u o + u d l, where U / A is the total fracture energy per unit area and l is the ligament length. Beyond a critical rubber content, which coincided with the ductile-to-brittle transition, there was a large increase in u d . When glass fiber reinforcement was used without rubber toughening, the EWF model was unable to model the observed fracture response. On the other hand, the LEFM model adequately described the fracture behavior, and it was found that the critical strain energy release rate, G IC , increased with increasing glass fiber content. When both glass fiber reinforcement and rubber toughening were used, the u o increased with increasing EPR- g -MA or glass fiber content; whereas, u d increased with increasing ERR- g -MA content or decreasing glass fiber content.
Estramustine binding in rat, baboon and human prostate measured by high pressure liquid chromatography.

Abstract High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine 3H-estramustine (estradiol-17β3N-bis-[2-chlorethyl] carbamate), 3H-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (3H-dihydrotestosterone or 3H-DHT), 3H-estradiol-17β (3H-E2) and 3H-3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (3H-pregnenolone) binding in 50μ1 of cytosol utilizing a column which separates proteins in the molecular weight range of 2,000 to 70,000 daltons. The rat prostate contains a protein in considerable concentration and with the highest affinity for estramustine (375,000dpm 3H-estramustine per mg. cytosol protein) among the substances tested. Operationally, we have named this protein “estramustine binding protein” (EBP), though it is very likely similar to other previously described prostatic proteins (e.g., α-protein, prostatein, prostatic binding protein). The sensitivity of the HPLC method disclosed EBP-like proteins, but in much lesser concentrations, in some of the other tissues tested. The concentration of these proteins in the human and baboon prostates was much lower (average for the baboon cranial lobe 4800dpm/mg cytosol protein, with a somewhat higher value for the caudal lobe) than that in the rat gland. The amount of the EBP-like protein was higher in prostatic cancer than in that of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (range 9350 – 25,900 vs. 2200 – 18,900 dpm/mg cytosol protein). In the human, the highest value was found in one normal prostate tested (106,000dpm/mg cytosol protein).
Cystinosis: renal glomerular and renal tubular function in relation to compliance with cystine-depleting therapy

Background and objectives Nephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by renal tubular Fanconi syndrome in infancy and glomerular damage leading to renal failure at ∼10 years of age. Therapy with the cystine-depleting agent cysteamine postpones renal failure, but the degree of compliance with this treatment has not been correlated with preservation of kidney function.
Effect of deuterium substitution on electron transfer at cytochrome c/SAM interfaces.

The involvement of protons in the heterogeneous electron transfer between cytochrome c and a gold electrode to which it is attached was studied by comparing the electron transfer rate constants for H 2 O and D 2 O solutions. Rate constants were measured as a function of the electrochemical cell solution and the protein incubant solution, i.e., k 0 (incubant, cell). Two separate isotope effects exist: a cell "isotope effect", KIE cell = k 0 (H 2 O, H 2 O):k 0 (H 2 O, D 2 O), which is manifest at short time scales ( 2 h) and results from H/D exchange. The two isotope effects are approximately equal (∼1.2) and a total isotope effect KIE total = k 0 (H 2 O, H 2 O):k 0 (D 2 O, D 2 O) can be constructed that is the product of KiE cell and KIE inc . The nature of the electron transfer process, possible coupling to a proton transfer process, and the involvement of specific hydrogens in the transfer mechanism are discussed.
Effects of quasi-reversible charge transfer on chronocoulometric relaxations in non-linearly adsorbing systems

Abstract A theoretical analysis is given of the effect of quasi-reversible charge transfer on potentiostatic relaxation in systems in which the reactants adsorb according to linear isotherms. The results indicate that conventional chronocoulometric techniques at stationary and expanding electrodes are likely to produce results significantly affected by charge-transfer kinetic parameters as well as by equilibrium adsorption parameters even under conditions in which the rate constant for charge transfer is sufficiently large that it produces only insignificant effects on the morphology of conventional polarographic waves. Thus, insofar as data analysis with these techniques relies implicitly on the assumption of reversible behavior, the effect of quasi-reversibility constitutes a possible source of substantial systematic error. Conversely, apparent kinetic parameters deduced without regard for adsorption are also liable to substantial error when significant adsorption occurs.
Texture, strain, and phase-fraction measurements during mechanical cycling in superelastic NiTi

Superelastic NiTi was subjected to simultaneous neutron diffraction and uniaxial compressive cycling between 10 and 980 MPa. The objective was an in-situ investigation of the evolution of the stress-induced, reversible transformation between austenite and martensite, to determine the cause of the changes in the macroscopic stress-strain response with cycling. Rietveld refinement was used to analyze the neutron spectra and quantify the phase fraction, texture, and elastic strain. The average phase strain in the mechanically loaded austenite (at a given stress) remained unaltered during the 100 load-unload cycles. However, differences in both the volume fraction and texture of austenite and martensite were noted as cycling progressed, suggesting that these factors are responsible for the changes in the macroscopic stress-strain response of NiTi with mechanical cycling.
Lengths of transcriptional units coding for the heat shock proteins in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract The lengths of the transcription units coding for the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock proteins were determined using the ultraviolet promoter mapping technique. The figures were in good agreement with the transcription unit lengths of three of the heat shock cytoplasmic RNA species as determined by the same technique. The rates of gene inactivation were first-order with respect to ultra-violet irradiation dose, suggesting that there are single genes of a given species in each transcriptional unit. The length of the transcription unit coding for the major heat shock protein, the 70,000 Mr protein, was found to be 6.8 × 103 bases. The length of the transcription unit of the 2.6 × 103-base messenger RNA coding for the 70,000 Mr protein was found to be 5.5 × 103 to 6.5 × 103 bases by two independent methods and is in good agreement with the determination for the protein. In general, the transcription units contained 3.5 to 10 times as much DNA as is needed to code for the amino acid sequence of the respective proteins. The cytoplasmic RNA transcription units were 1.5 to 6.5 times the molecular lengths of the respective RNA species. The results suggest that there is appreciable post-transcriptional cutting of the primary transcription product of these genes. The lengths of these transcription units are about one-third to one-quarter the length of DNA in an average-sized chromomere.
Study of toponium production including the effects of Higgs-boson exchange

The production rates for toponium in {ital e}{sup +}{ital e{minus}} collisions are calculated for a top-quark mass in the range of 100--200 GeV including the effects of standard-model Higgs-boson exchange. The effects due to this exchange fall off rapidly with the Higgs-boson mass, but lead to changes comparable to those due to uncertainties in {Lambda} for a light Higgs boson.
Ceramide and Cholesterol: Possible Connections Between Normal Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease. Just hypotheses or molecular pathways to be identified?

Even though it is known that aging is the single most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of information on the molecular pathway(s) that connect normal aging of the brain to this form of neuropathology. Because of the rise in average lifespan, the number of individuals that reach the seventh or eighth decade of life and become at high risk for AD is rapidly increasing. Current estimations predict that by 2050 about 45 to 50 million individuals will be affected by AD worldwide. Here, we discuss the need for more age-directed research to understand AD neuropathology. We also elaborate on the possible role of cholesterol and ceramide as molecular connections between aging and AD, and as novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of late-onset AD.
Method for including electron-electron collisions in Monte Carlo simulations of electron swarms in partially ionized gases.

A method whereby electron-electron collisions can be included in Monte Carlo simulations of electron swarms in low-temperature partially ionized plasmas is presented. In this method, electron-electron (e-e) collisions are treated as being functionally equivalent to electron--neutral-species collisions. In doing so, individual pseudoelectron particles in the simulation collide with an energy-resolved electron fluid. Energy is exchanged with this fluid using the Coulomb cross section. When e-e collisions dominate, the electron-energy distribution evolves to being Maxwellian. The method is made computationally tractable by using a modified null-cross-section technique that eliminates the need for recalculating collision probabilities as the electron-energy distribution evolves.
Superconductivity and hardness

Abstract Correlations in metals between their high temperature properties and their superconducting behaviour have begun to appear recently.
GTP Hydrolysis by IF2 Guides Progression of the Ribosome into Elongation

Recent structural data have revealed two distinct conformations of the ribosome during initiation. We employed single-molecule fluorescence methods to probe the dynamic relation of these ribosomal conformations in real time. In the absence of initiation factors, the ribosome assembles in two distinct conformations. The initiation factors guide progression of the ribosome to the conformation that can enter the elongation cycle. In particular, IF2 both accelerates the rate of subunit joining and actively promotes the transition to the elongation-competent conformation. Blocking GTP hydrolysis by IF2 results in 70S complexes formed in the conformation unable to enter elongation. We observe that rapid GTP hydrolysis by IF2 drives the transition to the elongation-competent conformation, thus committing the ribosome to enter the elongation cycle.
EFFICACY DISPERSION IN TEAMS: MOVING BEYOND AGREEMENT AND AGGREGATION

We challenge the assumption that within-team variability in team efficacy is simply a methodological concern and statistical prerequisite. We do so by developing a theoretical model and research agenda for the study of dispersion in team efficacy. We construct a taxonomy that distinguishes 4 distinct forms of dispersion in team efficacy, discuss the antecedents to these forms of dispersion, and examine how the forms of efficacy dispersion impact team emergent states, processes, and effectiveness.
Self-Regulation and Eudaimonic Well-Being Across Adulthood

Background/Study Context: The authors developed and tested a model to examine the developmental self-regulatory pathways that lead to optimal eudaimonic well-being across adulthood. Methods: Measures of goal adjustment, optimization, possible selves, and well-being were obtained from 590 adults ranging in age from 17 to 94. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the whether there were age-differential pathways among the developmental self-regulatory processes and well-being. Results: The model predicts interactions among age, hoped-for possible selves, age-sensitive developmental processes (i.e., goal adjustment, optimization), and psychological well-being. Results showed direct effects of goal adjustment on well-being and indirect effects of goal adjustment and optimization on well-being through hoped-for possible selves. There were significant age differences in the indirect effects of goal adjustment on possible selves and well-being, such that, by age 55, these pathways disappear, and the ...
Ear Preference in Telephone Listening

Telephone-listening behavior was surveyed by questionnaire in 294 airline reservations agents to discover whether there is a preference for listening with the right ear. All of the subjects wore he...
Parental influences on self-regulation and achievement in children with adolescent mothers

The predictors of academic achievement and self-regulation in 95 high-risk children studied from birth were investigated during the second grade. Parenting, early maternal adjustment, child adjustment and temperament were hypothesized to predict the emergence of self-regulation. Although parenting, maternal adjustment, and child adjustment were related to achievement and classroom adjustment, they were not related to children's self-regulation, which was the strongest predictor of teacher ratings of academic performance, standardized achievement in math and reading, and classroom adjustment.
Optical constants of thin films from the characteristic electron energy losses

A method for obtaining the optical constants by employing the correlation between the characteristic electron energy absorption spectrum of a substance with its optical properties is described. This method is applied to a study of the optical properties in the far ultraviolet of aluminum, a metal, and of polystyrene, an organic compound. The information that is derived by this method lends itself to a study of the optical oscillator strengths.
Syntabulin-mediated anterograde transport of mitochondria along neuronal processes

In neurons, proper distribution of mitochondria in axons and at synapses is critical for neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and axonal outgrowth. However, mechanisms underlying mitochondrial trafficking throughout the long neuronal processes have remained elusive. Here, we report that syntabulin plays a critical role in mitochondrial trafficking in neurons. Syntabulin is a peripheral membrane-associated protein that targets to mitochondria through its carboxyl-terminal tail. Using real-time imaging in living cultured neurons, we demonstrate that a significant fraction of syntabulin colocalizes and co-migrates with mitochondria along neuronal processes. Knockdown of syntabulin expression with targeted small interfering RNA or interference with the syntabulin–kinesin-1 heavy chain interaction reduces mitochondrial density within axonal processes by impairing anterograde movement of mitochondria. These findings collectively suggest that syntabulin acts as a linker molecule that is capable of attaching mitochondrial organelles to the microtubule-based motor kinesin-1, and in turn, contributes to anterograde trafficking of mitochondria to neuronal processes.
Characterization of an autosomal rudimentary-shaped wing mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that affects pyrimidine synthesis.

A new autosomal mutation, rudimental (ral), which causes rudimentary-shaped wings in Drosophila melanogaster, has been isolated following ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The wing phenotype of rudimental is identical to that of the X-linked rudimentary (r) mutation, which affects the first three enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. The autosomal mutant maps very close to ebony (3–70.7) at 70.42 on the right arm of chromosome 3. Analysis of the enzyme activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODCase) indicates that the rala26a allele has less than wild-type activity for both enzymes. This result is discussed in light of the fact that the OPRTase and ODCase activities are part of an enzyme complex, as are the carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) and dihydroorotase (DHOase) activities, which are encoded by the complex rudimentary locus. We suggest that rudimental is also a complex locus.
An Analysis of the Thin-Walled Torsion Specimen

This specimen when properly gripped, provides an approximation to the simple shear deformation field. Variations through the thickness of the specimen are small for the shear stress but can be large for the axial normal stress.
PNMPI tools: a whole lot greater than the sum of their parts

PNMPI extends the PMPI profiling interface to support multiple concurrent PMPI-based tools by enabling users to assemble tool stacks. We extend this basic concept to include new services for tool interoperability and to switch between tool stacks dynamically. This allows PNMPI to support modules that virtualize MPI execution environments within an MPI job or that restrict the application of existing, unmodified tools to a dynamic subset of MPI calls or even call sites. Further, we extend PNMPI to platforms without dynamic linking, such as BlueGene/L, and we introduce an extended performance model along with experimental data from microbenchmarks to show that the performance overhead on any platform is negligible. More importantly, we provide significant new MPI tool components that are sufficient to compose interesting MPI tools. We present three detailed PNMPI usage scenarios that demonstrate that it significantly simplifies the creation of application-specific tools.
Demonstration of a wavelength division multiplexed chip-to-chip optical interconnect

Summary from only given. We have demonstrated operation of a wavelength-division multiplexed optical interconnect using a broadband source. The system data rate of 80 Mb/s is limited by the repetition rate of the laser, but the individual circuits and optoelectronic devices have been shown to work at data rates approaching 1 Gb/s. Such a system has many potential advantages for future short-distance optical interconnects.
Kinetics of maize leaf elongation IV. Effects of (+)- and (−)-abscisic acid

Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in many of the responses of plants to environmental stress. This study focuses on the inhibitory effect of ABA on leaf expansion. In addition, the effects of (+)-ABA, the natural form of ABA, were compared to the effects of (-)-ABA. Leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured for the 3rd leaf of maize plants. ABA concentrations were measured by RIA for total ABA and an ELISA specific for (+)-ABA. ABA was added to the hydroponic solution and changes in LER were measured over time. ABA could inhibit LER within 30 min and reached steady-state LER within 4 h. Internal ABA concentrations in the growing zone of the leaf also reached steady-state concentrations after 4 h. This effect of ABA was reversible, because LER was fully restored upon removal of externally applied ABA, and internal concentrations of ABA in the growing zone returned to normal levels, whereas ABA concentrations remained elevated in mature tissue. Thus, steady-state LER was highly correlated with the steady-state internal ABA concentration of the growing zone. ABA inhibited leaf expansion by increasing the apparent cell wall yield threshold; no other growth parameters were affected. The (-)-enantiomer of ABA had much less effect on LER than (+)-ABA when compared upon an external concentration basis. Internal ABA concentrations rationalized the response, showing that (-)-ABA accumulation was very low, most likely due to low uptake rates. From this analysis, it was determined that LER was equally sensitive to internal concentrations of (+)- or (-)-ABA.
Electrodessication and curettage for low-risk cutaneous malignancies of the head and neck

Curettage and electrodessication of low-risk cutaneous malignancies provides a minimally invasive alternative to conventional excision. The procedure involves systematic destruction of superficial lesions using variably sized curettes and intervening high voltage, low amperage electric current. This method is limited to small, primary, non-infiltrating lesions located on cutaneous surfaces lacking dense collections of terminal hairs. Benefits include minimal trauma, shorter procedure time, and lower cost. Cure rates are acceptable but may be lower than standard excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. Thus, curettage and electrodessication remains a useful option in the treatment of certain malignancies on the head and neck.
Abstract P5-04-03: Deconvoluting immune cell populations using ‘in silico flow cytometry’ with CIBERSORT: Association with neoadjuvant therapy response and genomic instability in TNBC

Background: Increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are prognostic and predictive of therapy response in TNBC. CIBERSORT, a highly novel ‘in silico flow cytometry’ gene expression-based method, can assess the overall immune content and relative levels of distinct leukocyte subsets in tumors. Methods: We applied CIBERSORT to PrECOG 0105, a neoadjuvant trial of carboplatin, gemcitabine and iniparib for patients with clinical stage I-IIIA TN or BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC. HE R 0.70, p Conclusions: Neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy response significantly associates with both iTILs and CIBERSORT immune score. A measure of global genomic instability (HRD score) significantly associates with immune score alone. Enumeration of 23 leukocyte subsets in therapy-naive TNBC by CIBERSORT revealed three distinct cell types that significantly predict pCR, two of which also associate with genomic instability. These results suggest an intimate interplay between genomic instability and immune infiltration, potentially shaping adaptive anti-tumor humoral immune responses, and thereby affecting neoadjuvant response in TNBC. Citation Format: Shaveta Vinayak, Aaron Newman, Sylvia Adams, Anosheh Afghahi, Kristin C Jensen, Sunil S Badve, James M Ford, Ash A Alizadeh, Melinda L Telli. Deconvoluting immune cell populations using ‘in silico flow cytometry’ with CIBERSORT: Association with neoadjuvant therapy response and genomic instability in TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-03.
Electronic subshell splitting controls the atomic structure of charged and neutral silver clusters

Theoretical studies on the atomic and electronic structure of Agn−,0,+ clusters containing up to 15 atoms have been carried out using a gradient corrected density functional formalism. Our studies indicate that the atomic structures of the clusters undergo a transition from spherical to prolate to oblate shapes as a function of the number of valence electrons. Clusters with a valence count of 8 are shown to be highly stable and their stability is rooted in the filled 1S, 1P shells within a confined spherical nearly free electron gas. Clusters with 14 valence electrons are also shown to be highly stable, but their stability arises due to oblate geometrical distortions that lead to a splitting of the 1D shell with a large HOMO–LUMO gap. The large splitting is shown to account for the observed unusual inertness of these clusters in reactivity with oxygen. The theoretical findings are compared with the observed peaks in the photodetachment spectrum of the anionic species.
The Relationship of Neighborhood Climate to Perceived Social Support and Mental Health in Older Hispanic Immigrants in Miami, Florida

Objective: This study examines the relationship of neighborhood climate (i.e., neighborhood social environment) to perceived social support and mental health outcomes in older Hispanic immigrants. ...
Multiway sequential hypothesis testing for tachyarrhythmia discrimination

A multiway sequential hypothesis testing (M-SHT) algorithm is proposed for simultaneous discrimination of cardiac tachyarrhythmias-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)-from normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The M-SHT algorithm calculates a likelihood function from atrio-ventricular delay measurements, and compares this function with thresholds derived from specified error probabilities for the arrhythmias to be discriminated. Performance of this algorithm was evaluated on dual channel endocardial electrograms recorded in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory. Two databases were developed, one for development of the algorithm and another for evaluation. The M-SHT algorithm accurately classified 26 out of 28 NSR (2 misclassified as SVT), 31 out of 31 cases of SVT, and 41 out of 43 VT (2 misclassified as NSR). The average length of time taken for classification of the three rhythms was: 3.6 s for NSR, 5.0 s for SVT, and 1.6 s for VT. Unique features of this algorithm are that acceptable error rates for each arrhythmia are independently specified and accuracy can be traded off for a faster detection time, and vice versa. >
Spatialization, Foreign Direct Investment, and Labor Outcomes in the American States, 1978–1996

Emergent trends in the globalization of the economy and the spatial restructuring of work portend many new challenges for workers around the world. Among the issues that have received insufficient attention is the impact ofinward foreign direct investment (FDI) on labor in the U.S. Previous research has been inconclusive and plagued by a lack of empirical breadth and by insufficient theoretical explanations. In this article, we first outline a theory of spatialization as an extension of the social structures of accumulation framework to anticipate the likely consequences of FDI for workers. Second, we undertake an analysis of the forty-eight contiguous American states for the years 1978-96 of the consequences of inward FDI for labor's organizational capacity labor dissent, and the economic standing of labor. Our analysis demonstrates that inward FDI has a consistent negative effect on these labor outcomes that differs for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing FDI. We suggest that our findings are consistent with spatialization theory and inform theoretical debates on globalization and labor in the contemporary U.S.
A Facile Method for Preparing Substituted 1-Aminoanthraquinones

Abstract An efficient and simple preparation of α - substituted aminoanthraquinones using 2,2-dialkoxyethylamines is described.
Subandrodioecy and male fitness in Sagittaria lancifolia subsp. lancifolia (Alismataceae).

Sagittaria lancifolia subsp. lancifolia is described as cosexual (monoecious), but the study population consisted of 84% cosexuals that typically had 35% pistillate buds and 16% predominant males that typically had 0‐2% pistillate buds. Handpollinations showed that pistillate flowers required pollination to set seed, and pollen from both male and cosexual plants was potent. No gender switching was seen in the field or greenhouse. From 24 experimental crosses, 890 offspring were grown to maturity. Among these, all offspring of cosexual sires were cosexual, but approximately half the offspring of male sires were male, implying that maleness was inherited as a single, dominant allele. These results indicate that S. lancifolia is subandrodioecious, a very rare breeding system. It is rare, in part because its maintenance requires a large male-fitness differential between male and cosexual plants. In the study population, this condition was met by the differential survival of staminate buds on male racemes. Larvae of the weevil Listronotus appendiculatuskilled many staminate buds. They did so in a vertical gradient, with buds lower on racemes safer. Male plants have replaced pistillate with staminate buds at these safer positions and thereby enjoy disproportionally higher male fitness. Androdioecy is the breeding system in which a population contains a mixture of functional males and cosexuals. Additionally, the genders must be genetically determined, not achieved by gender switching in response to some environmental variable. Darwin (1888) coined the term androdioecy as a parallel to gynodioecy (a mixture of females and cosexuals), but he himself did not know any cases. A generation later, Yampolsky and Yampolsky (1922) reported a dozen or so species as androdioecious, but these reports were based on structural information, not on demonstrations of functionality. Charlesworth (1984) reviewed these cases, looking for evidence of functionality, and found the plants to be cryptically dioecious, not androdioecious. She suggested that androdioecy might not occur in nature. Charlesworth had good reason to suspect androdioecy would be rare, perhaps even nonexistent. Her theoretical work (Charlesworth, 1984), as well as that of Lloyd (1975) and Charnov (1982), demonstrates that for male plants to coexist with cosexuals in a population, the male fitness of the male plants must be much greater than the male fitness of the cosexuals. Lloyd (1975) and Charnov (1982) expressed this requirement graphically as an accelerating shape of the male fitness-gain function, which illustrates the idea that any given increase in ‘‘investment’’ in male function must return a disproportionally large increase in fitness. This makes sense, because as a plant becomes relatively more male, it loses female function, so the fitness it gains by becoming more male has to more than offset the lost female fitness if this pheno1