cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and preclinical translation of cell-based therapies using adipose tissue-derived cells

Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant, and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cells suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models. This body of work has provided evidence supporting clinical translational applications of adipose-derived cells in safety and efficacy trials. The present article reviews the case reports and phase I-III clinical evidence using autologous adipose-derived cells that have been published, to date, in the fields of gastroenterology, neurology, orthopedics, reconstructive surgery, and related clinical disciplines. Future directions and challenges facing the field are discussed and evaluated.
Comparison of traffic and quality characteristics of rate-controlled wavelet and DCT video

Wavelet-based encoding is now emerging as an efficient way to encode video for streaming over the Internet and for wireless applications. "Wavelet-based video coding has been recently added to the JPEG-2000 video standards. As wavelet encoded video emerges as the next generation video encoding method, it is vital to compare the efficiency of wavelet encoded video against the widely used DCT-based MPEG encoded video. However, due to the lack of long wavelet encoded video streams, most research has so far been based on short video traces. This paper presents a comparison study on MPEG vs wavelet encoded video traces for one hour movie excerpts with rate control. These long video sequences allow for the evaluation of long range dependency and self similarity of the generated video traffic, which has not been studied before in the context of comparing DCT and wavelet-based encoding. We focus on the elementary as well as self-similar traffic characteristics of the encoded video. A hump behavior for the variability of frame sizes is observed for increasing video bit rates for both wavelet and MPEG encoded video. In addition, the quality characteristics of the encoded video is examined and related to the traffic. Our results indicate that the wavelet encoded video results in higher video quality than MPEG encoded video. For the frame size variability we find different characteristics depending on the aggregation level for a given data rate. The results also indicate that the variation of quality resulting from the wavelet encoding is lower than for the MPEG encoded video
Use of the gyrB gene for the identification of Pandoraea species.

The recently described genus Pandoraea consists of five named species and four unnamed genomospecies, several of which have been identified in clinical specimens including respiratory secretions from persons with cystic fibrosis. We investigated whether it is possible to distinguish species of the genus Pandoraea by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and direct sequencing of the gyrB gene. Sixty-seven Pandoraea isolates were included. Species-specific RFLP patterns were obtained following digestion of the PCR-amplified gyrB gene with MspI. Specificity of RFLP groupings was confirmed by direct sequencing of several representative isolates. Our results indicate that RFLP analysis and sequencing of the gyrB gene are useful for the identification of Pandoraea species. We also found that further taxonomic studies within the β-Proteobacteria using the gyrB gene would benefit from the development of additional primers allowing more efficient amplification of the gyrB gene. Our data also indicate that the taxonomic status of Pandoraea genomospecies 2 should be reinvestigated.
How calcifications affect shear wave speed estimations? An experimental study

In this study, comb-push ultrasound shear elastography was the method used to investigate the effect of calcifications on shear wave elastography estimates. The study was divided in two parts. The first part included a finite element method (FEM) simulation to observe closely the effect of calcifications on shear-wave elastography. The second part involved two phantom experiments to investigate the changes of shear wave speed in presence of macro and microcalcifications. Results from the phantom studies showed that the presence of large isolated macrocalcifications can introduce areas with apparent high stiffness mainly below the calcification when they are evaluated by shear wave elastography.
The Spontaneous Occurrence of Mental Visualization in Thinking

Undergraduates were asked to rate how frequently they experienced visual images in a wide set of everyday-life situations. Results showed that imagery often occurs in undirected thinking, such as i...
Expander codes over reals, Euclidean sections, and compressed sensing

Classical results from the 1970's state that w.h.p. a random subspace of TV-dimensional Euclidean space of proportional (linear in TV) dimension is “well-spread” in the sense that vectors in the subspace have their ?2 mass smoothly spread over a linear number of coordinates. Such well-spread subspaces are intimately connected to low distortion embeddings, compressed sensing matrices, and error-correction over reals. We describe a construction inspired by expander/Tanner codes that can be used to produce well-spread subspaces of O(TV) dimension using sub-linear randomness (or in sub-exponential time). These results were presented in our paper [10]. We also discuss the connection of our subspaces to compressed sensing, and describe a near-linear time iterative recovery algorithm for compressible signals.
Population Growth, Urbanisation and the Role of Government in China: A Political Economic Model of Demographic Change:

This essay uses a political economy model to study the relationship between urbanisation and demographic change in China. The model identifies political stability and government capacity as two crucial factors that shape family decisions regarding the number of children. As population growth and economic growth are interrelated, a government can use the political process to achieve its economic objectives. The implications of the model are tested using Chinese data for 1960-95. The results show that, while those in the urban areas are supportive of the model, birth rates in the countryside do not confirm the theoretical proposal. The major policy implication of this discrepancy is that, in order to sustain its economic development, China must urbanise the countryside to facilitate not only economic but also political development so that a set of conditions favouring long-term growth can be generated.
Performance Evaluation of Fuzzy Switching Position Controller for Automation and Process Industry Control

This paper presents the development and implementation of a new and practical fuzzy switching position controller for process industry control. Compatible with the structure of a bang-bang controller, a two-input fuzzy switching position controller with five rules is proposed. The idea is based on constructing a fuzzy switching control law which is functionally analogous to a traditional bang-bang controller. Fuzzy logic rules are used to enable an improved version of the conventional bang-bang control. The objective is to replace the conventional bang-bang controller with the proposed fuzzy switching position controller. A modified three-stage bang-bang controller is also designed and implemented. This controller is tested under the same conditions as that of the proposed fuzzy switching position controller, and its performance is used as a basis of comparison by which both controllers are measured. Both controllers are implemented in real time, using the position control of a brushless dc motor drive found in the majority of these new robotic devices. A test bed was built and tested in the laboratory using a collection of tools that include both off-the-shelf hardware (dSPACE DSP DS1104) and software (MATLAB/Simulink). Experimental results show that the fuzzy switching position controller produces adequate control performance, particularly in handling nonlinearities and external disturbances. The efficacy of the fuzzy switching position controller is demonstrated by its positive results, practicality, and feasibility in the process industry sector, when compared with a modified traditional bang-bang controller.
Avian influenza virus investigation in wild bobwhite quail from Texas.

SUMMARY. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) populations from the rolling plains of Texas, U. S. A. A total of 1320 swab samples (652 tracheal swabs and 668 cloacal swabs) and 44 serum samples were collected from wild-captured or hunter-harvested bobwhite quail from November 2009 to April 2011 at the Rolling Planes Quail Research Ranch, Fisher County, Texas, U. S. A. The presence of AIV in the swabs was determined by real-time reverse-transcription–PCR (rRT-PCR) and all samples positive or suspicious by rRT-PCR were further processed for virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. A total of 18 (1.4%) swab samples tested positive for AIV by rRT-PCR (cycle threshold [Ct] values <35): 13 cloacal swabs (1.9%) and 5 tracheal swabs (0.8%). In addition, 100 (7.6%) swab samples were considered suspicious (Ct values 35.1–40): 69 cloacal swabs (10.3%) and 31 tracheal swabs (4.7%). No virus was isolated from any of the...
Simulated Convective Lines with Parallel Stratiform Precipitation. Part I: An Archetype for Convection in Along-Line Shear

Abstract This article, the first of two describing convective lines with parallel stratiform (PS) precipitation, addresses the basic kinematic and precipitation features of these systems. The PS mode appears to be the preferred organizational structure in environments with line-parallel vertical wind shear. This archetype for long-lived convective systems has received relatively little attention to date, and yet it is frequently implicated in flash flooding because it entails both the along-line movement of hydrometeors and back-building convective development. As a reality check, this paper presents conventional observations of the wind and reflectivity fields associated with an archetypal PS system from 2 May 1997. Thereafter, analyses of idealized numerical simulations serve as the basis for a more detailed investigation of PS systems’ internal structures and processes. The observations and simulations suggest several unique aspects of the PS structure. The environment’s vertically sheared 3D wind prof...
AZT 5'-triphosphate nanoformulation suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Inefficient cellular phosphorylation of nucleoside and nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to their active nucleoside 5′-triphosphate (NTPs) form is one of the limitations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. We report herein direct binding of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate (AZTTP) onto magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4; magnetite) due to ionic interaction. This magnetic nanoparticle bound AZTTP (MP-AZTTP) completely retained its biological activity as assessed by suppression of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The developed MP-AZTTP nanoformulation can be used for targeting active NRTIs to the brain by application of an external magnetic force and thereby eliminate the brain HIV reservoir and help to treat NeuroAIDS.
Topical fixed combination brimonidine–timolol therapy for glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Although there is no cure, treatment can prevent vision loss via lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Many patients require more than one medication leading to complex administration regimens and difficulties with adherence. Brimonidine and timolol ophthalmic solutions have been used for IOP reduction in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Both have been shown effective as monotherapy and in combination. Since the mechanism of action of brimonidine is primarily aqueous suppression via stimulation of the α-2 adrenergic receptor and timolol reduces aqueous production via antagonism of the β-adrenergic receptor the effects are additive. A novel brimonidine–timolol fixed combination has been introduced, providing a new option for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension uncontrolled with monotherapy.
Conversion control in a continuous reactor train: Synthesis and computer simulation

A feedforward control scheme is synthesized for control of final product conversion in a train of continuous stirred-tank reactors. The control is achieved by temperature manipulation in the latter reactors and utilizes a continuous conversion measurement within the train. The control scheme is developed in terms of difference equations which are suitable for implementation on a digital control computer. As a specific example, the styrene-butadiene-rubber process is considered in detail and the control is evaluated by a digital computer simulation.
Vietnamese Refugees and Blocked Mobility.

This paper examines data from published sources and ethnographic studies conducted by the authors in Oakland California and Philadelphia [Pennsylvania] to assess the economic situation of Vietnamese refugees in the United States. Evidence suggests that in strong contrast to being a success story the economic status of many recently arrived Vietnamese refugees is characterized by unstable minimum-wage employment welfare dependency and participation in the informal economy. The paper suggests that the groups economic opportunities have been limited by the configuration of circumstances that have surrounded their entry and settlement into the United States as refugees as well as by the demographic structure of the group. (EXCERPT)
Retinoid Homeostatic Gene Expression in Liver, Lung and Kidney: Ontogeny and Response to Vitamin A-Retinoic Acid (VARA) Supplementation from Birth to Adult Age

Vitamin A (VA, retinol) metabolism is homeostatically controlled, but little is known of its regulation in the postnatal period. Here, we determined the postnatal trajectory of VA storage and metabolism in major compartments of VA metabolism–plasma, liver, lung, and kidney from postnatal (P) day 1 to adulthood. We also investigated the response to supplementation with VARA, a combination of VA and 10% all-trans-retinoic acid that previously was shown to synergistically increase retinol uptake and storage in lung. Nursling pups of dams fed a VA-marginal diet received an oral dose of oil (placebo) or VARA on each of four neonatal days: P1, P4, P7, and P10; and again as adults. Tissues were collected 6 h after the final dosing on P1, P4, P10, and at adult age. Gene transcripts for Lrat and Rbp4 in liver and Raldh-1 and Raldh-3 in lung, did not differ in the neonatal period but were higher, P<0.05, in adults, while Cyp26B1, Stra6, megalin, and Raldh-2 in lung did not differ from perinatal to adult ages. VARA supplementation increased total retinol in plasma, liver and lung, with a dose-by-dose accumulation in neonatal liver and lung, while transcripts for Lrat in liver, megalin in kidney, Cyp26A1/B1 in liver and lung, respectively, and Stra6 in lung, were all increased, suggesting pathways of VA uptake, storage and RA oxidation were each augmented after VARA. VARA decreased hepatic expression of Rbp4, responsible for VA trafficking from liver to plasma, and, in lung, of Raldh-1 and Raldh-2, which function in RA production. Our results define retinoid homeostatic gene expression from neonatal and adult age and show that while supplementation with VARA acutely alters retinol content and retinoid homeostatic gene expression in neonatal and adult lung, liver and kidney, VARA supplementation of neonates increased adult-age VA content only in the liver.
Risky Choices in Medical Decision Making: A Survey

Economic models of decision making under uncertainty presume five features of a decisionmaking situation. The first is a set of well-defined alternatives from which to choose. The second is uncertainty in the relation between the chosen alternative and the actual consequence. The third feature is a set preferences held by the decision maker and applied to the possible outcomes. Fourth, one or more constraints may limit the set of available alternatives. Finally, and most importantly, the decision must be made; to postpone a decision or to preserve the status quo is itself a decision with its attendant consequences. While these features are shared by many economic decisions under uncertainty, such as in purchasing insurance or in assembling an investment portfolio - and it was surely these sorts of decisions that von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) had in mind when they developed their now classical theory of economic choice under uncertainty - these are features also shared by many decisions that arise in clinical medicine and public health. Physicians must choose between alternatives: whether to perform surgery or to administer medication, which antibiotic to use, whether to perform a risky test. Consequences of action are uncertain: Will the patient survive the operation? What disease does the patient have? What will the test show? Value judgments arise in evaluating outcomes: Is the risk of surgical mortality worth taking to relieve the pain? Are the side effects of the medicine worse than the disease? Budgetary constraints limit today's health care provider in the same way that the classical economic consumer is limited by his or her income. Finally, the decision cannot be avoided, however painful the decision-making process may be. By imposing various axioms of rational behavior on the decision maker - such as adherence to the laws of probability and transitivity of preferences - models such as the expected utility model of von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) have been developed. These models can, and have, been used either to describe how decisions are made in fact, or to prescribe optimal decisions, that is, to help decision makers decide in a manner consistent with their own beliefs and preferences.
Evaluation of Clinical and Communication Skills of Pharmacy Students and Pharmacists with an Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Objective. To evaluate how effectively pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists communicate and apply knowledge to simulations of commonly encountered patient scenarios using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Design. Second-, third-, and fourth-year pharmacy students completed an OSCE as part of their required courses in 2012 and 2013. All students in both years completed identical OSCE cases. Licensed pharmacists were recruited to complete the OSCE and serve as controls in 2012. A survey assessed student perception and acceptance of the OSCE as well as student confidence in performance. Assessment. Licensed pharmacists had significantly higher clinical and communication skills scores than did pharmacy students. Student progression in communication and clinical skills improved significantly over time. Survey results indicated that students felt the OSCE was well-structured and assessed clinical skills taught in pharmacy school; 86% of students felt confident they could provide these skills. Conclusion. Objective structured clinical examinations can evaluate clinical competence and communication skills among professional students. Implementation of OSCEs may be an effective tool for assessment of the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education domains.
Structural Analysis of A-15 Nb3Al Substrates Implanted with Heavy Doses of Boron Ions

Very heavy doses of B ions, up to 22 At%, were implanted into Nb3Al substrates depleted of Al. Energies as high as 1 MeV were used. The surface composition was Nb3 Al1−x Bx where x varied from 0 to 1 over a distance of 20,000 A. Auger analysis was done to determine composition depth profiles. Structure was analyzed with a diffractometer using Cr radiation. The x-rays sampled primarily the implanted layer. Phase analysis was carried out as a function of incremental heat treatments up to 1000 C. The A-15 phase was always present although its composition was uncertain. The tetragonal Nb3B2 phase appeared after annealing at 950C. Superconducting transition temperatures were measured at all stages; no increase in Tc above that of the substrate was observed.
Innovative Self-Regulation Strategies to Reduce Weight Gain in Young Adults: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Weight gain occurs commonly in young adults and has adverse effects on health. Objective To compare 2 self-regulation interventions vs control in reducing weight gain in young adults over a mean follow-up of 3 years. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized clinical trial in 2 academic settings of 599 participants aged 18 to 35 years with body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 21.0 to 30.0, recruited via mailings and emails from August 2010 to February 2012. Data were analyzed from January 2015 to January 2016. Interventions Participants were randomized to control, self-regulation plus small changes, or self-regulation plus large changes. Both interventions focused on frequent self-weighing to cue behavior changes. “Small changes” taught participants to reduce intake and increase activity, both by approximately 100 calories per day. “Large changes” focused on losing 2.3 to 4.5 kg initially to buffer against expected weight gain. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in weight from baseline over mean follow-up of 3 years. Secondary outcomes included proportion gaining at least 0.45 kg from baseline, proportion developing obesity (BMI, ≥30.0), and weight change baseline to 2 years. Results Among the 599 participants (22% men; 27% minority; mean [SD] age, 27.7 [4.4] years; mean [SD] BMI, 25.4 [2.6]), mean (SE) weight changes over a mean follow-up of 3 years were 0.26 (0.22), −0.56 (0.22), and −2.37 (0.22) kg in the control, small-changes, and large-changes groups, respectively ( P P P = .02; large changes vs small changes, P P = .02 for large changes vs control and P = .002 for small changes vs control); a smaller percentage of participants in the large-changes group gained 0.45 kg or more (mean [SE], 23.6% [2.8%], 32.5% [3.8%], and 40.8% [4.4%], respectively; P P = .02 vs small changes) and weight change from baseline to 2 years was greater in control than in small or large changes (mean [SE], 0.54 [0.33], −0.77 [0.33], and −1.50 [0.34] kg, respectively; P = .02 vs small changes and P Conclusions and Relevance Self-regulation with large or small changes both reduced weight gain in young adults over 3 years relative to control, but the large-changes intervention was more effective. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01183689
Integrated model: Statistical features, memory analysis for scanner and printer forensics

Printer and scanner can be used in illegal activities varying from corporate office violation to criminal activities and gathering printer artifacts in this regard can be very vital to held someone inculpatory or exculpatory. Every printer and scanner has its inherent properties and one of them is intrinsic signatures which are translated in printed/scanned documents as well. By inspecting these intrinsic properties in questioned document we can trace source printer. To identify signatures statistical techniques are used, images are filtered using averaging method, median filter and weiner filter to remove unnecessary noise content. Based upon noise content printers/scanners are identified. In addition memory content of printers and scanners can also be used for forensics investigation. Documents are queued in printer/scanner memory before printing/scanning and once printed/scanned, memory contents are still latched until another document is requested for printing/scanning. Integrating these two properties will achieve effective evidence in a scenario in which if a questioned document is modified and coarse area is disturbed, memory contents of printer/scanner will help finding the artifacts. This research proposes an integrated model for detecting printer and scanner from forensic artifacts.
Continuing on J.P. Henry's path; Studies of physiology and pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary receptors in humans

The seminal work of Henry and Gauer lead us to a) show that in healthy humans cardiopulmonary receptors (CPR) regulate renin release, b) that low renin hypertension is associated with an expanded cardiopulmonary volume. This suggested that the low renin state in hypertension may be due to excessive inhibition of renin by the CPR. In the course of these experiments we uncovered an undescribed pressor reflex which was used to investigate the effect of intermittent pressor episodes on cardiac structure in dogs. Finally, in recent years, we used unloading of CPR to show that reflex vasoconstriction causes acute insulin resistance in the human forearm.
If We Were Just We Would Provide Refuge for All

The mutual respect that people owe one another requires that we ensure that when we appropriate valuable natural opportunities (land, fresh water, minerals, etc.), we leave as much per capita for everyone else as we take for ourselves. This implies that those of us who have access to natural opportunities from which others are excluded (e.g., land in countries with guarded borders) have an obligation to share with those who have been excluded. Thus we owe refuge to economic as well as political refugees. We do not owe them citizenship, but if we accord them the refuge that they can justly claim, we are likely to find in most cases that we might as well grant them citizenship.
The Feasibility of Amazon's Cloud Computing Platform for Parallel, GPU-Accelerated, Multiphase-Flow Simulations

The feasibility of running MPI-parallel, GPU-accelerated, multiphase flow simulations on Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service is evaluated as an alternative computational resource. A cloud cluster on Amazon EC2 is compared to a conventional local high-performance computing cluster in terms of performance and cost. The steps necessary to set up a cloud cluster and acquire the appropriate hardware and software stacks are outlined. The incompressible multiphase flow solver is benchmarked on both cloud and local clusters by performing strong and weak scaling analyses. Amazon's EC2 service is competitive with the local cluster in a certain range of simulations, but there are some performance limitations, particularly in its GPU card performance and cluster network connection, which negatively impact the parallel simulations presented herein. Finally, Amazon's EC2 service is studied from an economic perspective and compared with a conventional local cluster.
37 1,25(OH)2D3 suppresses oxidative stress – Induced microparticle release by placental trophoblasts: Placenta and decidua

Introduction Emerging evidence showed that microparticles (MPs) derived from placental trophoblasts (TC) contribute to maternal vascular dysfunction and promote endothelial inflammatory response in preeclampsia (PE). Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to placental dysfunction in pregnancy disorders such as PE and IUGR. Objective To determine: (1) if TC from PE placentas release more MPs than TC from normal placentas; (2) if vitamin D could suppress oxidative stress-induced MP release by placental TC; and (3) potential mechanism of vitamin D protective effects on placental TCs. Methods TC were isolated from normal and PE placentas by trypsin digestion and purified with Percoll gradient centrifugation. Freshly isolated TC (5×06cells/well) were seeded into 6 well plates and cultured with DMEM containing 5% FBS and antibiotics for 72h. For the oxidative stress experiment, cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 , a hypoxic mimicking agent) was used to induce TC oxidative stress and 1,25(OH)2D3 was used as bioactive vitamin D. MPs were isolated from culture supernatants by a two-step centrifugation procedure (420g for 20min and then 20,000g for 60min) and quantified by annexin V positive staining measured by flow cytometry with TruCount beads to determine absolute counts of MP for each sample. Data are expressed as annexin V positive MP/μg cell protein/well. Total cellular protein and MP protein were also collected and protein expression for caveolin-1, eNOS, pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and ROCK1 were determined by Western blot. Data were analyzed by paired or unpaired t-test or ANOVA with Newman-Keuls test as a post hoc test. A p level Results TC isolated from PE placentas ( n =6) released significantly more MP than cells isolated from normal placentas ( n =6), 295.20±47.67 vs. 117.20±18.02/μg protein/well, p 2 compared to control TC, p 2 was significantly reduced in TC treated with 1,25(OH)2D3+CoCl 2 , p 2 . This phenomenon could be reversed when cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, reduced pro-caspase-3 and ROCK1 expression in TC induced by CoCl 2 could also be attenuated in cells treated with1,25(OH)2D3. Conclusions MP release was significantly increased in TC from PE placenta. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppresses oxidative stress-induced MP release by placental TC. Caveolin-1 is an essential structural component of caveolae and eNOS is associated with plasma membrane caveolae. Therefore, reduced caveolin-1 and increased eNOS expression together with reduced MP release in TC treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 demonstrate that vitamin D could protect placental TC from oxidative stress-induced injury during pregnancy. Since caspase-3 cleavage and ROCK1 activation are key steps of MP formation and release, suppression of caspase-3 cleavage and ROCK1 activation by vitamin D could be a plausible mechanism of vitamin D inhibition of increased MP release induced by oxidative stress.
A comparison of compressive sensing and fourier reconstructions for radar target recognition

Automatic target recognition (ATR) from radar images remains a key challenge as imaging radar systems become more sophisticated and the electromagnetic spectrum becomes more congested. In particular, interrupted dwells on the target can cause gaps in the azimuth frequency domain and notching to avoid radio frequency interference can cause gaps in the range frequency domain. Similar problems can arise in the use of multistatic synthetic aperture radar where coverage of K-space may not be complete but is more likely to consist of a number of noncontiguous patches. One approach to dealing with such fragmented K-space is to use Compressive Sensing (CS) reconstruction techniques. This paper will assess the utility of CS reconstructions and make comparisons with the naive Fourier reconstruction. This assessment will be made in terms of the robustness of classification performance obtained using both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and feature-based approaches.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as a Second Primary Among Patients With Previous Malignancy: Who Is at Risk?

Abstract Background Patients with previous malignancies could be at increased risk of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the extent of the risk is unknown for many cancer types; thus, it is unclear who might benefit from screening. Materials and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set from 1992 to 2012 was used to identify patients with previous malignancies who received a diagnosis of NSCLC ≥ 6 months after their initial cancer diagnosis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for NSCLC were calculated as a ratio of the observed to expected cases adjusted by person-years at risk. Cancers with a SIR > 1.0 had a risk of NSCLC greater than expected. The analyses were stratified by sex, radiation therapy use, and histologic type. Results Among the cancer survivors, 32,058 developed NSCLC. Smoking-related (lung, head and neck, bladder) and hematologic malignancies, regardless of previous radiation therapy, had the greatest SIR for NSCLC (range, 1.97-4.88). Colorectal and renal cancer survivors also had an increased SIR for NSCLC (1.16 and 1.21, respectively). Women with previous pancreatic cancer treated with radiation, breast cancer with or without radiation therapy, and those with thyroid cancer demonstrated a greater SIR for lung adenocarcinoma. Men with previous irradiated prostate cancer also had an elevated SIR (1.08; 99% confidence interval, 1.01-1.15) for lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with melanoma, prostate or uterine cancer had a lower SIR for NSCLC than expected. Conclusion Smoking-related malignancies had the greatest risk of NSCLC. Radiation therapy conferred an elevated risk of NSCLC for certain cancers. Melanoma, prostate, and uterine cancer survivors had a low risk of NSCLC. These results could help identify high-risk screening candidates in the growing population of cancer survivors.
PP017: Clinicopathologic factors affecting outcome in salivary gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma and newly described mammary analogue secretory carcinoma

Purpose Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma (MASC) is a newly characterized neoplastic process commonly misdiagnosed as Acinic Cell Carcinoma. Although well-characterized genetically, little information exists regarding the clinicopathologic factors affecting outcome in patients with this disease process. Acinic Cell Carcinoma is a rare entity, and clinicopathologic data has been elucidated from studies with relatively small patient populations. We aim to better understand the characteristics affecting outcome in Acinic Cell Carcinoma patients, and to compare these with patients that have been re-classified with MASC. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients diagnosed with Acinic Cell Carcinoma were identified from the Medical University of South Carolina cancer registry. Pathological specimens from each patient were then analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect the ETV6-NRTK3 (12;15) (p13;q25) translocation, which is diagnostic of MASC. Furthermore, radiographic findings were also reviewed for each patient. Demographic information, primary site, presenting symptoms and tumor staging characteristics were obtained along with treatment, recurrence and outcome data for each identified case. Results All patients were treated with primary surgical excision, eleven of which also received adjuvant treatment. The average age at diagnosis was 50.4 years. Parotid glad was the most common site (95%), with one patient demonstrating disease in a minor salivary gland. The majority of patients were female (76%), and most patients were stage I (48%). However, 60% of male patients, and 19% of female patients demonstrated Stage IV disease. Eight patients from our cohort showed increased s100 reactivity, thus making them candidates for FISH analysis. At this point, one case of MASC has been identified with two more cases still to be analyzed. Our confirmed case of MASC was Stage I, which received only primary surgical treatment. Conclusions Although thought to be slightly more aggressive, MASC may have similar clinical outcomes compared to Acinic Cell Carcinoma.
Protein Profiling In Cancer Cell Lines And Tumor Tissue Using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays

Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology is an antibody-based high-throughput assay for protein profiling of biological specimens that allows for many measurements with very small amounts of cell lysate. Here, we report the sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy of a particular RPPA platform called Zeptosens. We customized the RPPA protocol for our in-house setup, and measured more than 80 total protein and phospho-protein levels in various cancer samples, including cell lines, organoids, tumor chunks, core needle biopsies, and laser-capture microdissected tissue samples. We discuss pros and cons of the RPPA platform, and describe results from profiling 15 cancer cell line cells using RPPA.
Pathological Findings of the Antral and Pyloric Smooth Muscle in Patients with Gastroparesis-Like Syndrome Compared to Gastroparesis: Similarities and Differences.

Gastroparesis (GP)-like syndrome presents with the symptoms of GP but without delayed gastric emptying (GE). Whether GP-like syndrome is part of a spectrum of GP is not clear. This study aimed to compare the histopathological features of antral and pyloric smooth muscle tissue in GP and GP-like syndrome. Full-thickness antral and/or pyloric biopsies were obtained from 37 GP and 18 GP-like syndrome patients who underwent abdominal surgery to place a gastric electrical stimulator or jejunal feeding tube and/or pyloroplasty. The tissues were stained with H&E, C-Kit, and trichrome. Based on previous control data, an interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) count of <10 per high power field in the antrum and/or pylorus was considered depletion. Baseline total symptom score (TSS) was recorded. Twenty-four GP and 7 GP-like patients had pyloric biopsies. Pyloric ICC loss was observed in 20/24 (83.3%) GP and 2/7 (28.6%) GP-like patients (p < 0.01). Fibrosis was detected in the pyloric tissue of 20/24 (83.3%) GP and 2/7 (28.6%) GP-like patients who had pyloric trichrome staining (p < 0.01). Seventeen out of 24 (70.8%) GP patients with pyloric biopsies had concomitant pyloric ICC loss and fibrosis, while only one GP-like patient had ICC loss and simultaneous pyloric fibrosis. GP patients had a greater TSS compared to GP-like patients. In GP patients, those with pyloric ICC loss had a greater TSS compared to those with normal ICC. GP patients with pyloric fibrosis had a higher TSS compared to those without pyloric fibrosis. Compared to GP-like patients, the pyloric histopathological findings of ICC loss and fibrosis are common in GP and predict a greater symptom score. These pathological findings might be considered as markers of “pyloric dysfunction” and explain delayed GE in GP.
Aging in Activity Space: Results From Smartphone-Based GPS-Tracking of Urban Seniors.

Objectives Prior research emphasizes the importance of the residential neighborhood context during later life but little attention has been afforded to other areas that older adults encounter as they move beyond their residential environments for daily activities and social interactions. This study examines the predominance of the residential context within older adults' everyday lives. Method We provided 60 older adults in four New York City neighborhoods with iPhones, which captured Global Positioning Systems (GPS) locations at 5-min intervals over 1 week (n = 55,561) and 17 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over 4 days (n = 757) to assess real-time activities. Results Older adults in our sample spent nearly 40% of their time outside of their residential tracts and they visited 28 other tracts, on average. Exercising, shopping, socializing, and social activities were especially likely to take place outside of residential tracts. Differences in residential and nonresidential poverty exposure vary across gender, race/ethnicity, education, car ownership, and residential areas. Discussion Measuring activity space, rather than relying on residential tracts, allows examination of the social environments that are relevant for older adults' everyday lives. Variation in characteristics of activity spaces may be an underexplored source of differences in health and well-being during later life.
Toward a Pragmatic Neuroethics in Theory and Practice

The evolution of neuroethics over the past decades has been marked by a penchant for the speculative and distance from the lived reality of patients, families and clinicians confronting severe neuropsychiatric illness and disability. In this chapter, I seek to ground neuroethics more closely to clinical reality by discussing the normative challenges posed by stroke, a common malady which has been mostly overlooked in the annals of neuroethics. Through a thick description of a clinical narrative, a pragmatic neuroethics is articulated.
A fully implicit and consistent finite element framework for modeling reservoir compaction with large deformation and nonlinear flow model. Part I: theory and formulation

Reservoir depletion results in rock failure, wellbore instability, hydrocarbon production loss, oil sand production, and ground surface subsidence. Specifically, the compaction of carbonate reservoirs with soft rocks often induces large plastic deformation due to rock pore collapse. On the other hand, following the compaction of reservoirs and failure of rock formations, the porosity and permeability of formations will, in general, decrease. These bring a challenge for reservoir simulations because of high nonlinearity of coupled geomechanics and fluid flow fields. In this work, we present a fully implicit, fully coupled, and fully consistent finite element formulation for coupled geomechanics and fluid flow problems with finite deformation and nonlinear flow models. The Pelessone smooth cap plasticity model, an important material model to capture rock compaction behavior and a challenging material model for implicit numerical formulations, is incorporated in the proposed formulation. Furthermore, a stress-dependent permeability model is taken into account in the formulation. A co-rotational framework is adopted for finite deformation, and an implicit material integrator for cap plasticity models is consistently derived. Furthermore, the coupled field equations are consistently linearized including nonlinear flow models. The physical theories, nonlinear material and flow models, and numerical formulations are the focus of part I of this work. In part II, we verify the proposed numerical framework and demonstrate the performance of our numerical formulation using several numerical examples including a field reservoir with soft rocks undergoing serious compaction.
From classroom to courtside: An examination of the experiential learning practices of sport management faculty

Abstract The Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) has identified experiential learning as an integral element to be included in sport management curriculum. However, often the experiential learning opportunities offered by sport management programs have been limited to a required internship experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the widespread application of experiential learning practices of sport management faculty. A survey instrument using Foster and Dollar's (2010) Five-Step Experiential Learning Process Model was sent to all subscribers to the North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM) List-serv. Results showed the majority of sport management faculty are utilizing some form of experiential learning technique. While usage rates were high for classroom-based experiential learning and internship, usage rates were considerably lower for volunteer exploration, practicum elective, and apprenticeship.
Dendritic cell activation enhances anti-PD-1 mediated immunotherapy against glioblastoma

// Tomas Garzon-Muvdi 1 , Debebe Theodros 1 , Andrew S. Luksik 1 , Russell Maxwell 1 , Eileen Kim 1 , Christopher M. Jackson 1 , Zineb Belcaid 1 , Sudipto Ganguly 2 , Betty Tyler 1 , Henry Brem 1 , Drew M. Pardoll 2 and Michael Lim 1 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Department of Cancer Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Michael Lim, email: mlim3@jhmi.edu Keywords: PD-1; immunotherapy; glioblastoma; dendritic cells; antigen presentation Received: October 10, 2017 Accepted: March 21, 2018 Published: April 17, 2018 ABSTRACT Introduction: The glioblastoma (GBM) immune microenvironment is highly suppressive as it targets and hinders multiple components of the immune system. Checkpoint blockade (CB) is being evaluated for GBM patients. However, biomarker analyses suggest that CB monotherapy may be effective only in a small fraction of GBM patients. We hypothesized that activation of antigen presentation would increase the therapeutic response to PD-1 blockade. Results: We show that activating DCs through TLR3 agonists enhances the anti-tumor immune response to CB and increases survival in GBM. Mice treated with TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and anti-PD-1 demonstrated increased DC activation and increased T cell proliferation in tumor draining lymph nodes. We show that DCs are necessary for the improved anti-tumor immune response. Conclusions: This study suggests that augmenting antigen presentation is an effective multimodal immunotherapy strategy that intensifies anti-tumor responses in GBM. Specifically, these data represent an expanded role for TLR3 agonists as adjuvants to CB. Methods: Using a preclinical model of GBM, we tested the efficacy of combinatorial immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C). Characterization of the immune response in tumor infiltrating immune cells and in secondary lymphoid organs was performed. Additionally, dendritic cell (DC) depletion experiments were performed.
Atomistic simulation of grain boundary sliding and migration

Interatomic potentials using Embedded Atom Method (EAM) are used in conjunction with molecular statics and dynamics calculations to study the sliding and migration of [1 1 0] symmetric tilt grain boundaries (STGB) in aluminum, under both applied displacement and force conditions. For equilibrium grain boundaries (without applied displacements and forces), three low energy configurations (corresponding to three twin structures) are found in the [1 1 0] STGB structures when grain boundary energies at 0 K are computed as a function of grain misorientation angle. “Pure” grain boundary sliding (GBS) without migration is simulated by applying external displacement. When forces are applied, the energy barriers are reduced consequent to the fact that grain boundary sliding of STGB is always coupled with migration. The propensity for “pure” GBS is evaluated by computing the energy associated with incremental equilibrium configurations during the sliding process and compared to the case when sliding is accompanied by migration. The magnitude of the energy barriers is found to be much higher in “pure” GBS than when migration accompanies sliding. Relations between the applied force, internal stress field, and displacement field are established and the role of grain boundary structure on the deformation process are examined. It is found that the GBS displacement is proportional to applied force, GB energy, and time.
Secretory component production by rat uterine epithelial cells in culture.

The female sex hormones have marked effects on the mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract. Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that IgA, IgG and secretory component levels change in the uterus and the vagina during the reproductive cycle, as well as after hormone treatment.1 Our laboratory and others2,3,4 have found that estradiol regulates the mucosal immune system by a) controlling IgA and IgG movement from blood to tissue, b) stimulating the movement of IgA-positive cells into the female genital tract, and c) regulating the transfer of immunoglobulins from tissue to lumen. In the last case, IgA was found to move through uterine epithelial cells bound to its receptor, secretory component (SC), the external domain of the polymeric IgA receptor. SC production is also regulated by estradiol, IFN-γ5, and IL-6.6
Inter-generational Mentorship Workshop

Overall, over 35 people participated in the workshop and we had inspiring conversations while learning about different phases of academic careers. Several members commented after the workshop that we need more conversations or opportunities like this. And, the majority of the participants, a total of 27, stated that they want to be mentors for others based on the experiences we had during the 2017 workshop. To respond to such requests, our group proposed (a) to write a newsletter with the summary of the 2017 workshop discussion over the 2018 calendar year to further disseminate our conversations with the rest of ITAA members; (b) to propose a monograph related to inter-generational mentoring, and (c) to host another workshop in 2018 to continue our inter-generational mentoring efforts.