cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal distribution, localization and metabolism of all-trans-retinol, didehydroretinol and all-trans-retinal during Xenopus development.

Recently, the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the retinoid receptor ligands 9-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid were described in Xenopus embryos during early development [Creech Kraft, Schuh, Juchau and Kimelman (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., in the press]. The present study demonstrates the presence and distribution of their likely precursors, all-trans-retinol, didehydroretinol, didehydroretinal and all-trans-retinal, as well as the occurrence of 4-oxo metabolites, in Xenopus embryos. The temporal and spatial distribution patterns of all-trans-retinol, didehydroretinol and all-trans-retinal did not coincide with that observed for 9-cis-retinoic acid but, in certain regards, were similar to the patterns delineated for all-trans-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoyl beta-glucuronide. Evidence is presented that 9-cis-retinoic acid can be synthesized from both all-trans-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinol in Xenopus embryos, suggesting that the difference between the distributions of 9-cis-retinoic acid and the other retinoids may be caused by selective synthesis and/or protein binding of the 9-cis isomer.
Suicide, Romance, and Imperial Rebellion: Sati and the Lucretia Story in Sydney Owenson's The Missionary: An Indian Tale

As Britain expanded its global interests at the turn of the 19th century, reports of ritual suicide such as sati, the Hindu custom of widow burning, registered clashes between colonizing and indigenous value systems. In the metropole, sati scandalized both secular individualist sensibilities and religious communal values, and the British public debated the extent to which East India Company administration should extend to such matters as local religious practices. Focusing on Sydney Owenson's 1811 novel, The Missionary: An Indian Tale, this essay sets the controversy over sati within the broader context of Romantic Britain's deep preoccupation with suicide. In so doing, this essay understands sati not as an isolated phenomenon, or as one unique to the problems of imperial management. Rather, it relates sati to Romantic-era debates over the rights (and wrongs) of British women, and also to form of political and spiritual defiance associated with the French Revolution. Specifically, by examining the attempted sati of Owenson's protagonist Luxima, a Hindu “prophetess,” as an iteration of the classical Lucretia story, this essay explores the novel's posited links between female chastity, inter-racial romance, and political community.
Measurement of Electrical Conductivity of Direct Digital Printed Conductive Traces Using Near-Field Microwave Microscopy

Non-contact measurement of electrical conductivity of direct digital manufactured traces using a dielectric resonator-based near-field microwave microscope (NFMM) operating at 5.73 GHz is reported. The NFMM uses a set of printed samples with known conductivity to build a calibration data set which correlates measured quality factor (Q) data with electrical conductivity (σ). Direct print additive manufacturing is used to produce the 10 mm x 10 mm calibration samples using CB028 silver ink and glass as the substrate. Conductivity of calibration samples ranges from 1.70e6 S/m to 3.22e6 S/m and it is measured using a commercially available four-point probe. Conductivity measurement of the calibration samples using NFMM reveals that the microscope is sensitive to printed samples with different conductivities and that it is able to resolve differences in conductivities as small as 0.38e6 S/m in the range 2.20e6 S/m ≤ σ ≤2.53e6 S/m. Conductivity and topography images of a printed trace are acquired simultaneousl...
La poussée régionale : vers une géographie de la croissance dans les pays en développementRegional push: towards a geography of development and growth in low- and middle-income countries

Resume La poussee regionale provient de l’agglomeration geographique des activites economiques et elle s’exprime par des augmentations de la productivite nationale. Differentes preuves statistiques ont ete rassemblees, militant en faveur de l’existence d’effets de poussee regionale dans des pays a revenus faibles et intermediaires. Ces effets trouvent leur origine dans differentes externalites et les rendements croissants d’echelle et de variete sont abordes en termes theoriques. Des preuves supplementaires de leur existence sont donnees a travers un bref survol d’exemples portant sur des regions d’Afrique, d’Asie et d’Amerique latine. Plusieurs observations sont proposees quant aux possibilites d’identifier des politiques et des pratiques de developpement viables, destinees a renforcer les proprietes qui favorisent la productivite des regions dans les pays a revenus faibles et intermediaires.
A practical approach to the investigation of amino acid disorders

SUMMARY. We have, in this paper, highlighted some of the common problems in amino acid analysis in our experience and listed the possible causes for increases in specific amino acids in urine-e-together with guidance on appropriate follow-up investigations. There are approximately 40 disorders of amino acid metabolism. Some present acutely in the neonatal period I and require rapid investiga­ tion (within 24 h). It can be advantageous to have a provisional diagnosis provided locally. Other amino acid disorders present less acutely in infancy/childhood or in adults. In these cases, it can also be an advantage to provide some amino acid screening locally so that only the possible/probable abnormalities are referred to a specialist laboratory for confirmation. Clinical chemistry laboratories that perform amino acid investigations must, therefore, be able not only to provide both rapid and accurate identifica­ tion of amino acid abnormalities, but also to interpret their findings and decide upon the most appropriate action. This is complex, requires expertise and skill and in our experi­ ence often causes considerable difficulty leading to misinterpretation and missed diag­ noses. This paper is intended to highlight limitations and possible pitfalls of commonly used procedures and provide a guide to aid interpretation of amino acid abnormalities.
Are the Aged Ex-Family?An Inquiry into the Place of the Aged in Family Life with Special Reference to the Treatment of the Aged in Sociology Textbooks on the Family

T WO fragments of conversation recently overheard raise questions pertinent to the present inquiry. The first was: Q."Do you have a family living upstairs?" A. "No, just an elderly couple." The second: Q. "Who lives in that house?" A. "Just our family and my grandmother." Immediately one wonders: If elderly couples and grandparents are not families or members of families, what are they? Obviously they were once considered members of families. When and how did they lose their family status? At what age or under what circumstances do people become ex-family? What have sociological books on the family to say of the role of the aged in the family? As preliminary to a study of the Role of the Aged in Different Types of Southern Family, the author made a reconnaissance of sociological literature on the family.1 It was assumed that the logical place to look for material on the role of older people in the family would be in sociology books on the family. A detailed analysis was made of references to "the aged" or "old age" in the tables of contents and indices of 20 books by outstanding sociologists or books that have been used widely as college texts.2 Of these 20 books, 8 have no reference to old age or aged in either table of contents or index. Two of them contain brief mention of problems of older people in paragraphs dealing with other topics, but apparently do not consider the subject of sufficient importance to list it in the index. Six other books have less than one page each dealing with the subject and four have from one to four pages. Most of these deal with a single aspect, as "loneliness in old age" or "marriage and long life." Only two books, both published within the last five years, treat the subject at all comprehensively. Cavan's The Family contains a chapter on "The Later Years of Married Life," which deals with both later middle age and old age.3 And Elmer's The Sociology of the Family devoted a whole chapter to "Old Age."4 Both of these writers give quite full treatment to the role of the aged and the social and psychological as well as economic factors facing them. If sociologists known to believe the aged an important subject for sociological study include only 50 pages out of 10,697 in books on the family, is it because the aged are considered ex-family? Does "family" by definition exclude the aged? What are the recognized functions of the family? Is responsibility for the aged included among them? Do the aged live an extra-family existence? If not, what is the role of the aged in American family life? What do books on the family have to say about the place of the aged? Are the aged considered as family assets or liabilities? Do books on the family prepare the student for old age?
MORPHOLOGY AND ZOOSPORE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHYTRIOMYCES ANGULARIS SP. NOV. (CHYTRIDIALES)

Chytriomyces angularis grows on pollen and heat-treated Oedogonium baits. Zoosporangia are gibbose, operculate, and lack vesicular discharge. The main rhizoid is thread-like. The zoospore has a core of ribosomes delimited by endoplasmic reticulum, a nonfunctional centriole that is parallel to the kinetosome and connected to it by fibrils, and a microbody appressed to a single lipid globule. It lacks a rumposome, microtubule root, striated inclusion, and plates associated with the kinetosome, features that occur in the type species. Thus, the description of Chytriomyces encompasses species that are not closely related.
Airway hydration, apical K+ secretion, and the Large-conductance, Ca2+-activated and voltage-dependent potassium (BK) channel

Large-conductance, calcium-activated, and voltage-gated K(+) (BK) channels are expressed in many tissues of the human body, where they play important roles in signaling not only in excitable but also in nonexcitable cells. Because BK channel properties are rendered in part by their association with four β and four γ subunits, their channel function can differ drastically, depending on in which cellular system they are expressed. Recent studies verify the importance of apically expressed BK channels for airway surface liquid homeostasis and therefore of their significant role in mucociliary clearance. Here, we review evidence that inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to airway diseases, can lead to reduced BK activity via a functional down-regulation of the γ regulatory subunit LRRC26. Therefore, manipulation of LRRC26 and pharmacological opening of BK channels represent two novel concepts of targeting epithelial dysfunction in inflammatory airway diseases.
Fabrication and adsorption characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) buckypaper (BP) for use in air samplers

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been investigated as a promising sorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling. We also successfully demonstrated that pre-analysis desorption can be achieved by irradiating the sorbent with high intensity visible light pulses. This technique, photothermal desorption (PTD), can improve sensitivity and shorten current analytical procedure. Different fabrication methods of a buckypaper (BP), a self-supporting form of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were explored; three methods using arc discharge (AD) SWNTs included non-cleaned, acetone-cleaned, and methanol-cleaned and one method using high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) SWNTs. Adsorption efficiencies of the fabricated BPs were compared in terms of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area, pore size, and toluene adsorption capacity. All materials were found to have high BET surface area (211 to 649 m2 g−1) and toluene adsorption capacity (25 to 106 mg g−1) but HiPco BP exhibited the highest BET surface area (649 ± 3 m2 g−1) with the smallest mean pore size (7.7 ± 0.3 nm) and the greatest toluene adsorption capacity (106 mg g−1). Additionally, HiPco BP had the simplest fabrication process which taken as a whole is a clear indication that further investigations using the PTD technique should be explored with this material.
Analysis of adrenal cholesteryl esters by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for direct profiling and determination of adrenal cholesteryl ester composition. Cholesteryl adrenate and cholesteryl cervonate, which are not commercially available, were synthesized as markers. Lipid extracts of rat adrenal homogenates or lipid droplets were individually applied to a conditioned silica gel-60 column which separated cholesteryl esters from other native lipids. The eluted cholesteryl ester fraction was then analyzed by HPLC. With cholesteryl heptadecanoate as internal standard, seven adrenal cholesteryl esters were detected and quantified: cholesteryl cervonate, cholesteryl arachidonate, cholesteryl adrenate, cholesteryl myristate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl palmitate, and cholesteryl stearate. Among them, cholesteryl adrenate appeared to be the major sterol ester stored in the rat adrenal.
Spectroscopic and quantum electronic properties of a chromium activated forsterite laser

Chromium-activated forsterite (Cr:Mg2SiO4) is a new broadly frequency-tunable vibronic solid-state laser in the near-IR region.1,2 Room-temperature pulsed and cw laser action has been obtained in this system for both 532- and 1064-nm excitation from a Nd:YAG laser. However, the identity of the lasing center in Cr:forsterite has not yet been established with certainty. Although trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is the active ion in all the chromium- based solid-state lasers reported to date, indications are that this system is an exception.
GEOpod: Using a Game-Style Interface to Explore a Serious Meteorological Database

This paper discusses the human-computer interface component of the GEOPOD project, a software system that implements an interactive, intuitive interface – the GEOpod – that allows student users to probe a 3-D immersive environment of authentic geophysical data (i.e. based on real observations, assimilated data, and/or simulated output from physically consistent, numerical weather prediction modeling systems), actuate virtual atmospheric devices to collect data, and record observations. The system provides a guided instructional environment in which meteorology undergraduate students can explore a given atmospheric volume in a “shuttlepod-like” virtual flying machine. Because the atmospheric data consist of real-time observations and imagery, along with simulated data from numerical models based on actual physics, the exploration environment naturally exhibits technical accuracy, scientific soundness, physical consistency, authenticity, and high fidelity.
SDF-1 Blockade Enhances Anti-VEGF Therapy of Glioblastoma and Can Be Monitored by MRI

Abstract Despite the approval of antiangiogenic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, survival benefits are still limited. One of the resistance mechanisms for antiangiogenic therapy is the induction of hypoxia and subsequent recruitment of macrophages by stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1α (CXCL-12). In this study, we tested whether olaptesed pegol (OLA-PEG, NOX-A12), a novel SDF-1α inhibitor, could reverse the recruitment of macrophages and potentiate the antitumor effect of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. We also tested whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ferumoxytol as a contrast agent could provide early information on macrophage blockade. Orthotopic human G12 glioblastomas in nude mice and rat C6 glioblastomas were employed as the animal models. These were treated with bevacizumab or B-20, both anti-VEGF antibodies. Rats were MR imaged with ferumoxytol for macrophage detection. Tumor hypoxia and SDF-1α expression were elevated by VEGF blockade. Adding OLA-PEG to bevacizumab or B-20 significantly prolonged the survival of rodents bearing intracranial GBM compared with anti-VEGF therapy alone. Intratumoral CD68+ tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) were increased by VEGF blockade, but the combination of OLA-PEG + VEGF blockade markedly lowered TAM levels compared with VEGF blockade alone. MRI with ferumoxytol as a contrast agent noninvasively demonstrated macrophage reduction in OLA-PEG + anti-VEGF–treated rats compared with VEGF blockade alone. In conclusion, inhibition of SDF-1 with OLA-PEG inhibited the recruitment of TAMs by VEGF blockage and potentiated its antitumor efficacy in GBM. Noninvasive MRI with ferumoxytol as a contrast agent provides early information on the effect of OLA-PEG in reducing TAMs.
An assessment of safety climate, job satisfaction and turnover intention relationships using a national sample of workers from the USA.

The association between safety climate, job satisfaction and turnover intention has not been thoroughly researched. This research is needed so that safety researchers and practitioners can begin to delineate the impact of safety on organizational and business outcomes. A path analysis was completed using data from a national sample of workers from the USA (n = 1525). The overall fit of the model was excellent and analyses determined that both training and resource adequacy positively affected safety climate and job satisfaction. Safety climate also positively influenced job satisfaction. Both safety climate and job satisfaction were negatively associated with respondents’ turnover intention. In the study, the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention is reiterated in a sample of workers across many industries. This study is novel because it is one of the first studies to confirm that turnover intention is reduced with increased safety climate in a diverse sample of workers.
Assessment of linear distribution feeder models used in optimization methods

Linear power flow models for distribution systems are widely used in optimization problems but their effectiveness has not been investigated thoroughly. This paper investigates the effectiveness of two commonly used linear feeder models used in optimization methods, in particular in Volt/Var optimization problems: linearized Backward-Forward based model and the Nodal based model. Tests performed on the three test systems - IEEE 13, 34 and 123 node test systems- illustrate the limitations of these linear models.
Comments concerning “molar volumes and viscosities of N-[(4-bromo-3,5-difluorine)phenyl] maleimide (BDPM)-DMF-toluene and BDPM-DMF-ethanol mixtures in a range 298 K to 318 K”

Abstract Experimental data reported in the recent paper by Li and coworkers [J. Mol. Liq., 225 (2017) 517–520] has been reanalyzed. Numerical errors are found in the calculated numerical values for the apparent molar volumes of N -(4-bromo-3,5-difluorophenyl) maleimide (BDPM) dissolved in binary solvent mixtures containing N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) with toluene and with ethanol. The correct method for calculating the apparent molar volumes is illustrated using experimental density data provided in the published paper.
Automatic translation of MPI source into a latency-tolerant, data-driven form

Hiding communication behind useful computation is an important performance programming technique but remains an inscrutable programming exercise even for the expert. We present Bamboo, a code transformation framework that can realize communication overlap in applications written in MPI without the need to intrusively modify the source code. We reformulate MPI source into a task dependency graph representation, which partially orders the tasks, enabling the program to execute in a data-driven fashion under the control of an external runtime system. Experimental results demonstrate that Bamboo significantly reduces communication delays while requiring only modest amounts of programmer annotation for a variety of applications and platforms, including those employing co-processors and accelerators. Moreover, Bamboos performance meets or exceeds that of labor-intensive hand coding. The translator is more than a means of hiding communication costs automatically; it demonstrates the utility of semantic level optimization against a well-known library. Bamboo is a translator that can reformulate MPI source into a task graph form.Bamboo supports both point-to-point and collective communication.Bamboo supports GPUs, hiding communication among GPUs and between hosts and GPUs.Bamboo speeds up applications containing elaborate data and control structures.
Water buffalo, catfish and monkey ghosts: the transmigratory materialities of Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives

AbstractThis article analyses Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s 2010 film Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (Loong Boonmee raleuk chat) in terms of its representations of transmigration and reincarnation, with a particular focus on its use of Super 16 mm film at a time in cinema history when photochemical film is experiencing its own existential transformation. This formal strategy is considered as both a corollary of the film’s central themes and a broader historiographic exploration of the very nature of cinema at the point of its evolving film-to-digital representational base and a broader ‘life cycle’ of birth, death and beyond.
Laser treatment of the urethra and prostate

For most applications in the urethra, lasers simply represent an alternative to existing technology. Most studies conducted to date can be considered "feasibility studies," ie, they demonstrate that the technique can be performed without clearly showing whether it holds any clear advantages or indications. We have found laser treatment of condyloma acuminata of the urethral meatus as well as more proximal portions of the urethra to be easy and to provide cosmetic results that appear to be superior to those obtained with alternative techniques. In more proximal portions of the urethra, scarring is less than that with an electrocautery and the incidence of treatment induced urethral strictures may be lower with laser. The recurrence rate remains high and is probably unrelated to the device or technique used in treating gross lesions.
Challenges To Reducing Discrimination And Health Inequity Through Existing Civil Rights Laws

More than fifty years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, health care for racial and ethnic minorities remains in many ways separate and unequal in the United States. Moreover, effor...
Need, access, and the reach of integrated care: A typology of patients.

INTRODUCTION This paper is a report on a study exploring a potential typology of primary care patients referred for integrated behavioral health care (IBHC) services. We considered whether primary care patients could be grouped into meaningful clusters based on perceived need for behavioral health services, barriers to accessing care, and past-year service utilization. We also described the development of a working partnership between our university-based research team and a federally qualified health center (FQHC). METHOD A total of 105 adult primary care patients referred for same-day behavioral health appointments completed a brief self-report questionnaire assessing past-year behavioral health concerns, service utilization, and perceived barriers to utilization. RESULTS Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed 3 groups: (a) Well-Served patients, characterized by high perceived need for services, high service use, and low barriers to service use (40%); (b) Underserved patients, characterized by high perceived need, low service utilization, and high barriers to service use (20%); and (c) Subclinical patients, characterized by low perceived need, low service use, and low barriers to service use (20%). Clusters were reliably differentiated by age, primary language, insurance status, and global functioning. DISCUSSION We found primary care patients could be grouped into 3 categories and that 60% (Underserved and Subclinical) represented groups less commonly seen in traditional mental health (MH) settings. IBHC may be a promising approach for extending the reach of MH care, and partnerships between FQHCs and university-based research teams may be a promising approach for conducting research on the IBHC service-delivery model. (PsycINFO Database Record
Challenge of balancing duration of stay and readmissions in children's operation.

Background Surgeons balance competing interests of minimizing duration of stay with readmissions. Complications that occur early after discharge often result in readmissions. This study examines the relationship between duration of stay, timing of complications, and readmission risk. Methods Cases from the 2012–2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Project—Pediatric were organized into 30 procedural groups. Procedures where duration of stay approximated the median day of complication were identified. A theoretical model was applied to minimize readmissions by extending duration of stay. Results From 30 procedure groups, 3 were identified where duration of stay approximated median day of compilations: complicated appendectomy, antireflux operation, and abdominal operation without bowel resection. The complicated appendectomy readmission rate drops from 12.2% to 8.2%, increasing duration of stay from 3 to 8 days at the cost of 16,428 additional hospital days among 4,740 patients (3.5 days/patient). Readmission optimization tapers after duration of stay of 8 days. Similar findings were observed for antireflux operation and abdominal operation without bowel resection with readmission optimization at duration of stay of 5 days (2.6 days/patient) and 7 days (5.3 days/patient), respectively. Conclusion Our theoretical model aimed at balancing readmissions by extending duration of stay to capture early complications results in a substantial increase in hospital days illustrating the conflict between competing quality metrics and limited resources.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Body

As described previously, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new imaging modality which does not rely on utilization of ionizing radiation but is based upon interaction of protons in the body with changing magnetic fields. MRI has proven to be more sensitive than computerized tomography (CT) in the detection of various intracranial abnormalities, specifically involving the brain stem, posterior fossa, and white matter disease. MRI is also effective in detecting spinal cord pathology and herniated discs at an earlier stage than computerized tomography.
Mono3D: Open Source Cell Library for Monolithic 3-D Integrated Circuits

Monolithic 3-D (M3-D) integrated circuits (ICs) provide vertical interconnects with comparable size to on-chip metal vias, and therefore, achieve ultra-high density device integration. This fine-grained connectivity enabled by monolithic inter-tier vias reduces the silicon area, overall wirelength, and power consumption. An open source standard cell library for design automation of large-scale transistor-level M3-D ICs is developed, thereby facilitating future research on the critical aspects of M3-D technology. The cell library is based on full-custom design of each standard cell and is fully characterized by using existing design automation tools. The proposed open source cell library is utilized to demonstrate the M3-D implementation of several benchmark circuits of various sizes ranging from 2.7-K gates to 1.6-M gates. Both power and timing characteristics of the M3-D ICs are quantified. Several versions of the cell library are developed with different number of routing tracks to better understand the issue of routing congestion in the M3-D ICs. The effect of the number of routing tracks on area, power, and delay characteristics is investigated. Finally, the primary clock tree characteristics of the M3-D ICs are discussed.
From the Margin to the Mainstream: An Agenda for Computer Simulations in the Social Sciences

In this paper we outline a specific and practical agenda to move computer simulation from the margin into the mainstream of social science research.
Recombinant porcine somatotropin: an immunotoxicology study.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST; 5, 15, or 25 mg.pig-1.d-1 for 57 d) on a variety of immune function variables. We observed no significant effect of rpST treatment on the gross pathology of the pigs, histopathology of the immune system organs, total and differential white blood cell counts, lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens, or the neutrophil functions of chemotaxis, ingestion, reduction of cytochrome C, iodination, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Those variables that were significantly affected by rpST treatment include a decreased hemoglobin and packed red blood cell volume (at some time points for all three rpST dosages), a decrease in plasma protein level at the 25-mg dose, a small increase in neutrophil random migration (at all three rpST dosages), and a decrease in IgG antibody response to tetanus toxoid at 15 d after immunization (but not at d 8, 22, or 29). Additionally, rpST treatment was associated with a decreased rate of BW gain (at 15-mg dose), increased liver and kidney weights (at all three dosage levels), and an increased incidence of renal tubular cytoplasmic vacuolation of minor severity. There were no observed differences in the overall health of the pigs due to rpST treatment, based on clinical observations as well as determination of antibody titer to, and isolation of, common swine pathogens. Therefore, there was no evidence that the observed influence of rpST treatment on immune function would be clinically relevant.
CHAPTER 296 – Cubitus Interruptus

A striking example of multiple signaling pathways eliciting their effects through the regulation of a single transcription factor is seen in the coregulation of embryonic segmental patterning and limb development in Drosophila by the hedgehog (hh) and protein kinase A (PKA) signal transduction pathways. The Hh signaling cascade activates a series of genes through the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). The PKA signaling pathway suppresses the expression of hh-responsive genes in cells that do not receive a Hh signal by phosphorylating the 155-kDa form of Ci and targeting it for proteolysis to a 75-kDa repressor form (Ci[rep]). Paradoxically, PKA can further activate Ci-mediated transcription in cells that do receive a Hh signal. Thus both the activation and repression of hh-responsive transcription is modulated by the PKA signaling pathway. Further studies will certainly bring us closer to an understanding of the intricacies involved in the regulation of development by signal transduction cascades.
Applied Statistics and Exposition

I particularly admire Terry for the breadth of his thinking, the depth of his understanding, the strength and openness with which he expresses his opinions, and the clarity of his writing. All of these qualities are on display in the manuscripts in this section.
AN ALTERNATIVE DNA INITIATION PATHWAY IN E. coli

ABSTRACT The sdrA102 mutation confers upon cells the ability to replicate DNA in the absence of protein synthesis. The mutation maps near metD . When this mutation was combined with the recA200 mutation which renders the recA protein thermolabile, it had little effect on normal replication. However, the sdrA102 recA200 double mutant exhibited temperature-sensitive stable DNA replication: it continuously replicated DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol at 30°C, whereas at 42°C the DNA content increased only 40–45% before DNA synthesis ceased. Suppressor mutations ( rin ; r ecA-independent) capable of stable DNA replication at 42°C were isolated in the double mutant. The rin mutations specifically suppressed the recA + dependence of stable DNA replication and did not alleviate the defective characteristics of of the recA56 mutants, i.e. the deficient general recombination, extreme UV sensitivity and inability of prophage induction. It was also found that the sdrA102 mutation is replicon-specific: i.e., the mutation allows only replication of the bacterial chromosome but not replication of F plasmid DNA in the absence of protein synthesis. A model is proposed in which the sdrA + gene product is viewed as a repressor of a switch from normal replication to an alternative replication pathway.
Imaging of the Pediatric Athlete: Use and Overuse

This article highlights the unique patterns of sports-related injury of the upper extremity that radiologists are likely to encounter in children and adolescents. The injuries are classified as acute "use" injuries or chronic "overuse" injuries, and reviewed separately for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Recommendations for imaging strategies are provided and characteristic imaging findings are discussed and illustrated.
Mental Illness as a Stigmatized Identity

In this study, we examine the relationships among reflected appraisals, self-views, and well-being for individuals diagnosed with severe and persistent mental illness. We also test a perceptual con...
Müllerian mimicry in bumble bees is a transient continuum

Abstract Mullerian mimicry theory states that frequency dependent selection should favour geographic convergence of harmful species onto a shared colour pattern. As such, mimetic patterns are commonly circumscribed into discrete mimicry complexes each containing a predominant phenotype. Outside a few examples in butterflies, the location of transition zones between mimicry complexes and the factors driving them has rarely been examined. To infer the patterns and processes of Mullerian mimicry, we integrate large-scale data on the geographic distribution of colour patterns of all social bumble bees across the contiguous United States and use these to quantify colour pattern mimicry using an innovative machine learning approach based on computer vision and image recognition. Our data suggests that bumble bees exhibit a manifold of similar, but imperfect colour patterns, that continuously transition across the United States, supporting the idea that mimicry is not discrete. We propose that bumble bees are mimicking a perceptual colour pattern average that is evolutionarily transient. We examine three comimicking polymorphic species, Bombus flavifrons, B. melanopygus, and B. bifarius, where active selection is driving colour pattern frequencies and determine that their colour pattern transition zones differ in location and breadth within a broad region of poor mimicry. Furthermore, we explore factors driving these differences such as mimicry selection dynamics and climate.
Perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystal detector for alpha-particle spectroscopy

Abstract Here we report the first spectroscopic alpha particle detection based on CsPbBr 3 detectors with asymmetric contacts. The CsPbBr3 single crystal was grown from the melt using Bridgman method and then fabricated into detectors with different contacts. The In/CsPbBr 3/Au detector presented a low dark current density ( ∼ 100 nA/cm2 ) and temporal stable performance under high electric field (1000 V/cm). Such detector demonstrated excellent gamma ray resolving capability with a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼ 5.9 keV for the 57Co 122 keV γ ray. The CsPbBr3 detector was capable of simultaneously resolving both the alpha particle (5.5 MeV) and γ ray (59.5 keV) peaks from 241Am radioactive isotope. The transport properties of CsPbBr3 were then determined based on the alpha particle spectra and corresponding rise time distributions. The equivalent values of electron and hole mobilities were indicated as 63 and 49 cm2/(V ⋅ s) respectively. The calculated electron and hole mobility-lifetime products were 4.5 × 10−4 and 9.5 × 10−4 cm2/V, respectively, demonstrating superior transport properties of holes over electrons in CsPbBr3 . This work widens the scope of perovskite detectors to encompass charged radiation as well as high energy X/ γ rays, and will significantly promote and guide further studies on perovskite materials for radiation detection applications.
Impact of Clinic-Based Blood Pressure Approaches on Blood Pressure Measurement

BACKGROUND Clinic-based blood pressure (BP) is a closely-tracked metric of health care quality, but is prone to inaccuracy and measurement imprecision. Recent guidelines have advocated for automated office blood pressure (AOBP) devices to improve clinic-based BP assessments. METHODS Patients from a single hypertension clinic underwent a 3-day evaluation that included a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), 2 manual clinic-based BP measurements (over 2 visits), and an unattended AOBP measurement (single visit). All measurements were compared to the average wake-time systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) from ABPM. RESULTS Among 103 patients (mean age 57.3 ± 14.8 years, 51% women, 29% black) the average wake-time SBP was 131.3 ± 12.3 mm Hg and DBP was 78.3 ± 9.2 mm Hg. The average of 2 manual BPs was significantly higher than wake-time ABPM with mean differences of 5.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001) for SBP and 2.7 mm Hg (P = 0.002) for DBP. In contrast, the averages of the last 2 AOBP measurements did not significantly differ from ABPM with mean differences of 1.6 mm Hg (P = 0.21) for SBP and -0.5 mm Hg (P = 0.62) for DBP. The estimated prevalence of SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg based on wake-time ABPM was 27.2% vs. 49.5% based on the average of 2 manual measurements (difference 22.3%; P < 0.001) and 31.1% based on the average of the last 2 AOBP measurements (difference 3.9%; P = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS A single visit, unattended AOBP more precisely estimated BP and the prevalence of stage 2 and uncontrolled hypertension than even the average of 2 manual clinic visits, supporting guideline recommendations to use AOBP for clinic-based BP measurements.
The Proper Way to Reconsider Federal Marijuana Policy

We should not expect federal law enforcement officers to decide what laws to support based on polls. We should demand that Members of Congress make those decisions, however much they may want that cup to pass from their lips. The public can urge Congress to repeal or revise whatever federal laws they do not like. That may lead to unwise decisions, but at least asking Congress to reexamine the Controlled Substances Act is the sensible way to address the matter. Congress can ask the Trump Administration—and ask its predecessors too—what is the best criminal justice and social policy. Congress can also query the Food and Drug Administration about what is the best medical answer to this debate. After all, we do not allow state legislators or voters to decide what pharmaceuticals can be marketed. For 80 years, we have vested the authority to make that decision in the FDA because we do not believe that medical safety and effectiveness should be the subjects of plebiscites.
Breastfeeding and Medication Use in Kidney Disease.

Pregnancy in CKD is a condition fraught with challenges including multiple medications, high-risk pregnancy followed by maternal and fetal compromise such as preterm delivery, and low birth weight infant. Breastfeeding is unique in its impact on the mother and the baby, their bonding, and future health implications impacting the society. Breast milk is produced specific for the infant by the biological mother. It changes in composition with lactation stage and leads to optimal growth of the baby including establishing circadian rhythms, getting protective antibodies, and establishing a healthy gut microbiome. Multiple hormones influence the composition of the milk. Lactation is maintained by removal of the milk. Blood-milk barrier allows for the specific composition of milk by transporting different sized molecules through different mechanisms. It is safe to assume that most medications will be found in some amount in human milk; however, the impact of that is usually not enough to justify stopping breastfeeding. When the mother's milk is not available, formula or donor milk can be considered. There are resources to guide the use of medications during lactation that the providers should be aware of and use, to guide medication and breastfeeding recommendations.
Let's Make White Phosphorus Obsolete.

Industrial and laboratory methods for incorporating phosphorus atoms into molecules within the framework of Green Chemistry are in their infancy. Current practice requires large inputs of energy, i...
Cultural Models Based on Expression of Emotions

“Cultural models based on expression of emotion” presents multiple studies about cultural patterns of the norms of emotional expression, as well as the cultural patterns of real expressive behaviors across cultures. The findings of these studies can be used as the building blocks for construction of models. The chapter proposes and describes several examples of the cultural models of emotions, such as expressive and non-expressive cultural models, the models of direct and indirect expression of emotions. The chapter demonstrates the diversity of ways and channels, in which people express their emotions in different cultures, including the most visible – facial expression.
Sexual Motivation and Sexual Reward in Male Rats are Attenuated by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist Degarelix.

Background Preclinical studies that have examined the effects of androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on sexual outcomes have either relied on a surgical castration model of ADTs or have largely focused on consummatory sexual behaviors. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, degarelix, on sexual incentive motivation (SIM), sexual reward, consummatory sexual behaviors, anxiety-like behavior, and androgen receptor signaling in male rats, and to determine if sexual stimulation attenuates the effects of degarelix on SIM. Methods Male rats were treated with degarelix, or vehicle, and half of the rats in each condition were briefly exposed to a sexually receptive female immediately before SIM trials (experiment 1). Rats treated with degarelix or vehicle were also given a sex-conditioned place preference test (experiment 2A), weekly mating tests (experiment 2B), and an elevated zero maze test (experiment 3). Androgen-sensitive tissues were excised upon completion of testing. Outcomes SIM was indicated by the percentage of time spent near a sexually receptive female on the SIM tests. The percentage of time spent in the chamber of a conditioned place preference maze associated with sexual experience was indicative of sexual reward. The percentage of trials in which a mount, intromission, and ejaculation occurred was indicative of copulatory ability. Sexual performance was characterized by the average latencies to first exhibit these behaviors, as well as the average frequency of these behaviors. Anxiety-like behavior was indicated by the percentage of time in the open zones of an elevated zero maze. Relative weights of the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands were used to quantify androgen activity. Results Rats treated with degarelix exhibited lower levels of SIM. In rats treated with degarelix, contact with a female immediately before SIM testing increased activity, but not SIM. Treatment with degarelix reduced the rewarding aspects of sexual behavior, as well as most aspects of copulatory ability and sexual performance. Degarelix treatment reduced androgen signaling, but did not impact anxiety-like behavior. Clinical Implications The behavioral side effects associated with the use of degarelix may be restricted to sexual behaviors. Strengths & Limitations Strengths include the objective measurement of sexual behaviors. The study is limited in that only one ADT was examined. Conclusion These findings serve as an extension of previous preclinical studies as they indicate that gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonism in male rats also attenuates sexual motivation and sexual reward, in addition to copulatory ability and sexual performance. Hawley WR, Kapp LE, Green PA, et al. Sexual Motivation and Reward in Male Rats are Attenuated by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist Degarelix. J Sex Med 2021;18:240–255.
XMM-Newton and Chandra Observations of the Galaxy Group NGC 5044. I. Evidence for Limited Multi-Phase Hot Gas

Using new XMM and Chandra observations we present an analysis of the temperature structure of the hot gas within a radius of 100 kpc of the bright nearby galaxy group NGC 5044. A spectral deprojection analysis of data extracted from circular annuli reveals that a two-temperature model (2T) of the hot gas is favored over single-phase or cooling flow (M_dot = 4.5 +/- 0.2 M_{sun}/yr) models within the central ~30 kpc. Alternatively, the data can be fit equally well if the temperature within each spherical shell varies continuously from ~T_h to T_c ~ T_h/2, but no lower. The high spatial resolution of the Chandra data allows us to determine that the temperature excursion T_h --> T_c required in each shell exceeds the temperature range between the boundaries of the same shell in the best-fitting single-phase model. This is strong evidence for a multi-phase gas having a limited temperature range. The cooler component of the 2T model has a temperature (T_c \~ 0.7 keV) similar to the kinetic temperature of the stars. The hot phase has a temperature (T_h ~ 1.4 keV) characteristic of the virial temperature of the \~10^{13} M_{sun} halo expected in the NGC 5044 group. However, in view of the morphological disturbances and X-ray holes visible in the Chandra image within R ~10 kpc, bubbles of gas heated to ~T_h in this region may be formed by intermittent AGN feedback. Some additional heating at larger radii may be associated with the evolution of the cold front near R ~50 kpc, as suggested by the sharp edge in the EPIC images.
How Perceptions of Caller Honesty Vary During Vishing Attacks That Include Highly Sensitive or Seemingly Innocuous Requests

ObjectiveTo understand how aspects of vishing calls (phishing phone calls) influence perceived visher honesty.BackgroundLittle is understood about how targeted individuals behave during vishing att...
Using the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change to Explain the Correlates of Mammography Screening among Asian American Women

Globally, breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women. The incidence of breast cancer has been growing among Asian American women. Mammography is a screening procedure that provides early diagnosis for the timely treatment to reduce premature mortality due to breast cancer. However, there are no national data available that summarize the rates of mammography screening among Asian American women. Some small-scale studies have reported low rates of mammography uptake among Asian American women. This cross-sectional study utilized the fourth-generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to explain the correlates of mammography screening among Asian American women between the ages of 45–54 years. A 44-item instrument was evaluated for face, content, and construct validity (using structural equation modeling) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) and administered electronically to a nationally representative sample of Asian American women (n = 374). The study found that Asian American women who have had received mammograms in the past 12 months as per recommendations, all three constructs of MTM, namely, participatory dialogue (β = 0.156, p < 0.05), behavioral confidence (β = 0.236, p < 0.001), and changes in the physical environment (β = 0.426, p < 0.001) were statistically significant and crucial in their decision to initiate getting a mammogram, accounting for a substantial 49.9% of the variance in the decision to seek mammography. The study also found that the MTM constructs of emotional transformation (β = 0.437, p < 0.001) and practice for change (β = 0.303, p < 0.001) were significant for maintaining the repeated behavior of getting annual mammograms and were responsible for 53.9% of the variance. This evidence-based study validates the use of MTM in designing and evaluating mammography screening promotion programs among Asian American women aged 45–54 years.