cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare through the Camera’s Eye: IV

HEN the plays of Shakespeare are presented in media other than the stage, any judgment of the success or failure of the undertaking must be based on how well the medium-here motion picture and television-serves the works-not the reverse. For unlike the average movie or television script, these masterpieces offer the camera unsurpassed opportunities for imagination, beauty, and significance. To the presentation of a Shakespeare play, the medium can bring new and exciting resources, from the focusing on the subtle and intimate emotion of a character through close-up to the wide panorama which Shakespeare's "wooden 0" could not contain. But no matter the medium, the play is still the thing, and if virtuosity of camera be considered more important, then the production is not true to the spirit of Shakespeare's creation. With this standard applied to the films which have appeared in the past year-Orson Welles's Othello, Renato Castellani's Romeo and Juliet, and Laurence Olivier's Richard Ill-only the last-named can be considered an artistic success. The chief virtue of Richard Ill is one that it shares with Olivier's Henry V, that of clarity. Sir Laurence may not achieve subtlety, but what he does achieve is to present a point of view-the heroism (and variations on this characteristic) of Henry V and its results; the villainy (and variations on it) of Richard III and its results. This point of view is carried through Richard Ill from the first to the last, with every detail related to this main purpose. Compared to the bilious Romeo and Juliet and the confused Othello films, this is no mean achievement. Richard III is presented to the viewer as an intricate and beautiful medieval tapestry, but its message is a clear one. Richard towers over the film as he does the play, and the other characters, brilliantly depicted, are related to Richard throughout. In insisting on clarity for the benefit of the millions who will see the film, Sir Laurence unfortunately has sacrificed the larger significance of the work. He cuts out the character of the virago Queen Margaret, who runs like a thread through Shakespeare's text, reminding Richard, his fellow sinners, and the audience, that retribution will come. And in so doing, Olivier narrows his scope from the execution of divine justice on doers of evil to a chronicle of Richard and his pawns, and his theme from the falls of princes to the punishment of one man. But within this smaller framework the film is a tour de force, in one
Experimental Study of Factors Affecting Sex Ratios in the Little Brown Bat

In the course of investigations on the metabolism of the little brown bat, it became obvious that the numbers of males and females were far from equal in the populations studied. So many theories were proposed and so many questions were asked by owners of bat roosts and other interested persons that a series of experiments were performed to test some of the popular theories regarding sex ratios. This bat is useful for such studies because some of the most extreme sex ratios among mammals are found in bats (Mohr, 1952); each female produces only a single offspring per year; and fairly large numbers of animals may be collected at the same time from their roosts where they hang under the same environmental conditions (Smith, 1954). This work was aided in part by a grant from Delta Kappa Gamma. Most of the little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus , were collected from 12 roosts in attics and barns in northern Ohio and were examined within three hours of capture. Scattered single specimens were brought in by students. Over a period of seven years, 3,768 bats were examined. Age of the adult bats was estimated by the amount of wear on the canine teeth. The youngest were those in which no wear was visible with a 10x hand lens (no wear); the next group had wear visible with the lens (slight wear); the oldest bats had wear visible with the naked eye (some wear). Each grouping probably represents several years. Blood was obtained by heart puncture. Hemoglobin determinations were done on a Spencer hemoglobinometer. The bats were weighed to the nearest tenth of a gram on a special balance designed for these mammals; banding was done with No. 0 bands supplied by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sex is …
Design and development of a compact bifurcated turboprop inlet

A compact bifurcated turboprop inlet was successfully designed and developed for low total pressure loss and distortion, and for removing foreign objects from the engine flow path. Analytical tools were used to create and analyze the basic three-dimensional branched flow path. The inlet was further developed experimentally with a 40% scale model using extensive quantitative measure ments and flow visualization. The results of the overall investigation illustrate how judicious use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools in conjunction with experimental test and development can result in a successful design. This paper focuses on the aerodynamic development of the inlet.
CFD Analysis of Open Rotor Engines Using an Actuator Disk Model

In the world of air transportation today, there is increasing emphasis on ‘Environmentally Responsible Aviation’ that addresses more energy efficient and environmentally sustainable aircraft with low emissions and noise. Due to its high propulsive efficiency, an Open Rotor gas turbine engine has the potential to significantly minimize the specific fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions in a new generation of transport aircraft. In mid-1980’s GE invested significant effort in advanced turbo-prop technology (ATP) and un-ducted fan technology (UDF). However, in spite of its potential for 30% savings in fuel consumption over existing turbofan engines with comparable performance, for a variety of technical and business reasons, the advanced turboprop concept never quite got-off the ground. However, with current emphasis on “Green Aviation” NASA and aircraft engine industry (GE, Pratt-Whiney and Rolls-Royce) are investing significant resources in Open Rotor research and development. The goal of this study is to develop a numerical model to study the performance of counter rotating open rotors (CROR). Advanced CFD studies using the unsteady Reynolds – Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations are quite complex and computationally intensive. Therefore as a first step, we have developed a simplified model based on Froude’s actuator disk method to replace the two spinning rotors with two actuator disks on an axisymmetric model. The URANS computations for this model were performed using the CFD solver ANSYSFLUENT. The results of computations have been compared using the wind tunnel data on F31/A31 CROR from NASA Glenn’s Research Facility. It is shown that the simplified actuator disk model can predict results in excellent agreement with the test data for the hub pressure distribution, while maintaining computational simplicity. c
A Prony-series type viscoelastic solid coupled with a continuum damage law for polar ice modeling

Abstract Predicting the time-dependent behavior of polar ice is a significant challenge especially when damage effects are considered. In the present work, ice is modeled by a generalized Maxwell type viscoelastic solid and coupled to a continuum damage model. Viscoelastic behavior is obtained by a Prony-series expansion where the shear components of the deviatoric stress are time dependent while the volumetric part remains purely elastic. A semi-analytical integration scheme of the convolution integral allow for fast computation of stresses. Damage initiation and propagation is captured by a Murakami rate dependent damage law, where the state of damage is updated at each time step based on the current values of stress. The model is shown to be thermodynamically consistent. A rigorous gradient-based constrained optimization approach is employed to calibrate the model parameters against some published experimental data. Validation tests which include tensile creep, compressive creep and biaxial failure contours under compression are then carried out and good agreement is demonstrated. Furthermore, the model is implemented in a finite element code and is used to investigate surface crevasse propagation in grounded marine-terminating glaciers. The simulations, on idealized rectangular ice slabs in contact with the ocean, examine the depth and rate of damage propagation with increasing seawater depth near the terminus. The predictions and computational efficiency of the proposed model are highlighted when compared to another recently published ice model.
Endoscopy versus imaging: Analysis of surveillance methods in sinonasal malignancy

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of imaging and endoscopy in posttreatment surveillance of sinonasal malignancies. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of primary sinonasal malignancies diagnosed between 2000 and 2014. Posttreatment surveillance included nasal endoscopy and imaging (MRI, CT, and positron emission tomography [PET]/CT). Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), specificity, and sensitivity were calculated for each modality and compared. Results One hundred nine sinonasal malignancies were identified with 30 recurrences. Endoscopy showed a sensitivity and specificity of 24% and 89%, respectively, whereas imaging was 76% and 90%, respectively. Identifying suspicious symptoms significantly improved the PPV of both endoscopy and imaging. MRI demonstrates the highest PPV when compared with other imaging modalities. Conclusion Both modalities are necessary in posttreatment surveillance. MRI shows the highest PPV, whereas endoscopy trends toward a higher specificity. PET/CT scans have a high false-positive rate and should be reserved for tumors with a high propensity for distant metastases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Proximal subjects: framing the bystander and the visuality of vulnerability

AbstractThis essay considers the complex response to the global circulation of images of Fabienne Cherisma, a fifteen-year-old girl who survived the Haitian earthquake on 12 January 2010. A week later, Cherisma was fatally shot by police allegedly warning looters away from crumbling buildings in Port-au-Prince. Numerous foreign photographers took pictures of her body which would go on to win prestigious international awards for photojournalism. Using Alexander Weheliye’s tracing of “enfleshment” through Hortense Spillers’ notion of the “pornotrope” to read Blackness into discourses of biopolitics, and considering what Diana Taylor has called “percepticide” in crimes against humanity, I examine the humanitarian responses to the images of Cherisma’s death. I read the missing notion of the bystander within these significant concepts in human rights discourses and analyze how its framing exposes biopolitical anxieties of viewers’ own vulnerable condition rather than a concern for Cherisma’s and, by extension,...
Role of elosulfase alfa in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA or Morquio A) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease which results in a striking skeletal phenotype, but does not negatively impact the intellect of the patient. MPS IVA has a phenotypic continuum that ranges from a severe and rapidly progressing form to a slowly progressive form. The clinical diagnosis is often made in the preschool years based on abnormal bone findings on physical examination and dysplasia on radiographic imaging. Supportive care has been the mainstay in caring for patients. Orthopedic physicians often form the core of the care team due to the early and severe skeletal abnormalities; however, systemic disease is common and requires aggressive monitoring and management. Interdisciplinary care teams often consist of medical geneticists, cardiologists, pulmonary specialists, gastroenterologists, otolaryngologists, audiologists, and ophthalmologists. With the US Food and Drug Administration’s approval of elosulfase alfa, patients >5 years of age now have access to this medication from the time of diagnosis. The clinical trial with once weekly intravenous dosing (2.0 mg/kg per week) showed improvement in the 6-minute walk test. The composite end point analysis to evaluate the combining changes from baseline in 6-minute walk test, 3-minute stair climb test, and respiratory function showed that at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg per week, subjects performed better when compared to placebo. This indication was clinically meaningful in the treatment group. The treatment was generally well tolerated, and the uncommon infusion reactions responded well to traditional enzyme replacement therapy infusion reaction management algorithms. Currently, clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety in MPS IVA patients <5 years of age.
Chapter 12 – Forced Linear Equations

This chapter discusses projects on forced linear equations. One of the important traditional applications of differential equations is in understanding physical oscillators. Mechanical oscillators like the suspension of car or electrical oscillators like the tuner in radio often can be described by linear differential equations with an applied “force” such as the bumps in the road or a transmitted radio signal. These forces introduce time-dependent terms in the equations and make them nonautonomous. Still, the autonomous (or “homogeneous”) solutions play an important role in understanding the forced oscillations. These “homogeneous” solutions are “transients” physically. The first project in this chapter connects the physics of forcing, transients, and steady state behavior with the mathematical solution of forced linear equations. The second project explains the buzz in old car around 45 mph and the third project shows how to filter out an unwanted radio signal.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Requirements in US Schools: Recommendations for Moving Forward.

Safe and effective human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been available and recommended for adolescents for a decade in the United States, yet vaccination rates remain suboptimal. School entry requirements have increased uptake of other vaccines for adolescents and made coverage more equitable. However, only 3 jurisdictions require HPV vaccine for school.We summarize the current status of HPV vaccine requirements and discuss the rationales for and against these policies. The rationales for requirements include HPV vaccine efficacy and safety, effectiveness of requirements for increasing vaccine uptake and making it more equitable, and use of requirements as “safety nets” and to achieve herd immunity. The rationales against requirements include low parental acceptance of HPV vaccine, the financial burden on educational systems and health departments, and the possibility for alternatives to increase vaccine uptake.Many challenges to HPV vaccine requirements are addressable, and we conclude with recommend...
Neighborhood Disorder, Perceived Social Cohesion, and Social Participation Among Older Americans: Findings From the National Health & Aging Trends Study.

Objective: This research explores whether physical neighborhood disorder or perceived social cohesion is associated with participation in social activities among older Americans (age 65+). Method: Using the first wave of the National Health & Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N = 6,383), a series of logistic regression models were created to assess the odds of participation. Results: Low social cohesion was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.52, 0.82]) and participating in organizations (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.88]). Presence of neighborhood disorder was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = [0.47, 0.82]), participating in organizations (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = [0.48, 0.89]), and going out for enjoyment (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.86]). Physical capacity and activity value moderated the relationship between neighborhood disorder/cohesion and attending religious services. Discussio...
Optimizing Process Model Redesign

In recent years there has been considerable interest in business process redesign. A process model may be redesigned by combining various tasks and services according to best practices so as to satisfy predefined business rules and constraints to achieve a specific purpose. This purpose may be stated in terms of functional goals (such as desired or acceptable process behavior) and non-functional goals like cost, time and quality of service. There are many ways to redesign a process instance by applying improvements such as: making a task optional, replacing a task by another faster task (or service), task postponement, task combination, task splitting, task restructuring, etc. Given many such alternatives, there is no systematic way of evaluating their costs and benefits, and the tradeoffs among them. We describe a novel approach based on a formal model to optimize the “benefits” or net effects of a redesign with respect to a baseline design and show how it can be used to evaluate and compare alternative models at both design and run time.
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Infraclavicular Approach for VTOS

Supraclavicular exposure offers the benefits of complete scalenectomy, complete brachial plexus neurolysis, and excellent exposure for resection of the mid- and posterior first rib (and any other bony or soft tissue abnormalities), making it an excellent approach for the surgical treatment of patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Nonrandomized and noncontrolled data have not demonstrated any difference in outcomes when compared to transaxillary exposure in patients operated on for this problem, at least in the hands of experts using their preferred approach. In properly selected patients, an excellent-to-good outcome should be expected in approximately 80 % of patients using the supraclavicular approach for neurogenic TOS, and the recurrence rate may be lower than with other approaches. Temporary phrenic and/or long thoracic nerve dysfunction is not rare, occurring in between 5 and 10 % of patients, and pneumothorax is temporary and innocuous. With experience this exposure is an excellent solution in patients with neurogenic TOS, and has the flexibility to be readily applicable to the other forms of TOS.
Competitive pricing in the golf industry

In this paper, we estimate the price elasticities of golf course demand, and then examine how pricing relative to competitors further shapes demand (course utilization) and revenue per available tee time round (RevPATR). Using a set of data for an entire destination golf market of 80 golf courses between 2012 and 2014, we examined price elasticity by course quality tier, customer segments (i.e., player types), month of the year, and day of the week. The sample used to calculate elasticities consisted of 140,567 daily rounds of golf. The average daily rates were aggregated from transaction data based on over 2 million rounds of golf booked annually in the market for the 3-year period. We find that during the entire sampling period the demand for golf was primarily price inelastic, suggesting that a drop in price will not have a significant positive impact on demand and revenue will decrease. Our examination of relative price position using a sub-sample from 2013 revealed that courses that priced above their competition not only reaped higher RevPATR, but also experienced higher daily course utilization. These finds suggest that given price inelasticity in the golf market studied, higher priced golf courses are able to extract both a revenue and a course utilization premium. Nevertheless, the full opportunity for maximizing revenue in the market using revenue management techniques has yet to be exploited.
How the processing catfish tracks its prey: an interactive Pipelined system may direct foraging via reticulospinal neurons

Ictalurid catfish use a highly developed gustatory system to localize, track and acquire food from their aquatic environment. The neural organization of the gustatory system illustrates well the importance of the four fundamental ingredients (representation, architecture, search and knowledge) of an "intelligent" system. In addition, the "pipelined" design of architecture illustrates how a goal-directed system effectively utilizes interactive feedback from its environment. Anatomical analysis of neural networks involved in target-tracking indicated that reticular neurons within the medullary region of the brainstem, mediate connections between the gustatory (sensory) inputs and the motor outputs of the spinal cord. Electrophysiological analysis suggested that these neurons integrate selective spatio-temporal patterns of sensory input transduced through a rapidly adapting-type peripheral filter (responding tonically only to a continuously increasing stimulus concentration). The connectivity and response patterns of reticular cells and the nature of the peripheral taste response suggest a unique "gustation-seeking" fUnction of reticulospinal cells, which may enable a catfish to continuously track a stimulus source once its directionality has been computed.
Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity Is Driven by Macrophage-Dependent Hydrogen Sulfide Depletion.

Objective—The function of perivascular adipose tissue as an anticontractile mediator in the microvasculature is lost during obesity. Obesity results in inflammation and recruitment of proinflammato...
Seismic estimates of turbulent diffusivity and evidence of nonlinear internal wave forcing by geometric resonance in the South China Sea

The Luzon Passage generates some of the largest amplitude internal waves in the global ocean as the result of coupling between strong tides, strong stratification, and topography. These internal waves propagate into the South China Sea (SCS) and develop into soliton-like internal wave pulses that are observed by moored instruments and satellite backscatter data. Despite the observation of these waves, little is known of the mechanisms related to their evolution into nonlinear wave pulses. Using seismic data, we find evidence that the geometry of bathymetric conditions between the Heng-Chun and Lan-Yu ridges drive nonlinear internal wave pulse generation. We produce three seismic images and associated maps of turbulent diffusivity to investigate structure around the two ridges and into the SCS. We do not observe large amplitude soliton-like internal waves between the ridges, but do observe one outside the ridges, a finding in accord with the interpretation that wave pulses form due to geometrical resonance. Additionally, we find no evidence for lee wave activity above the ridges in either the seismic images or associated turbulence maps, suggesting an unlikelihood of hydraulic jump driven generation around the ridges. Our results show increased levels of turbulent diffusivity (1) in deep water below 1000 m, (2) associated with internal tide pulses, and (3) near the steep slopes of the Heng-Chun and Lan-Yu ridges as explored in this paper.
Resilience and efficiency in transportation networks

Urban transportation systems are vulnerable to congestion, accidents, weather, special events, and other costly delays. Whereas typical policy responses prioritize reduction of delays under normal conditions to improve the efficiency of urban road systems, analytic support for investments that improve resilience (defined as system recovery from additional disruptions) is still scarce. In this effort, we represent paved roads as a transportation network by mapping intersections to nodes and road segments between the intersections to links. We built road networks for 40 of the urban areas defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. We developed and calibrated a model to evaluate traffic delays using link loads. The loads may be regarded as traffic-based centrality measures, estimating the number of individuals using corresponding road segments. Efficiency was estimated as the average annual delay per peak-period auto commuter, and modeled results were found to be close to observed data, with the notable exception of New York City. Resilience was estimated as the change in efficiency resulting from roadway disruptions and was found to vary between cities, with increased delays due to a 5% random loss of road linkages ranging from 9.5% in Los Angeles to 56.0% in San Francisco. The results demonstrate that many urban road systems that operate inefficiently under normal conditions are nevertheless resilient to disruption, whereas some more efficient cities are more fragile. The implication is that resilience, not just efficiency, should be considered explicitly in roadway project selection and justify investment opportunities related to disaster and other disruptions.
Got milk, must conference

I sat huddled over my laptop in a cramped stall of a smelly public restroom, making last-minute changes to my upcoming talk. The whoosh-whoosh of the battery-powered breast pump attached to my hands-free nursing bra accompanied my typing. A toilet flushed in the next stall. It had been 15 minutes
The Economics of Somali Counterpiracy: Assessing Counterpiracy Measures for International Shipping Companies

The motives for and means to eradicate Somali piracy have been thoroughly discussed by academics, practitioners, policymakers, and research institutions. And for good reason, not only have the number of attacks been a concern but pirates have also become more aggressive and are active over a wider area of the world’s oceans. Somali pirates have used the Bab al-Mandeb as a vulnerable avenue and clandestine source of revenue much to the detriment of the maritime shipping industry and global commerce. This chapter provides solutions for the shipping industry that rely on the free flow of maritime commerce to fuel the global political economy for companies and states alike. It also promotes ways to protect lives and cargo by providing a cost-benefit analysis of each of the most often used counterpiracy measures.
Legalization of Medicinal Marijuana Has Minimal Impact on Use Patterns in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have reported use of marijuana to treat symptoms of the disease, yet its classification as a Schedule 1 substance by the federal government has restricted its use. In 2012, Massachusetts legalized medicinal marijuana. We aimed to assess the impact of legalization on use in IBD. Methods Consecutive patients with IBD, cared for at a tertiary care center in Boston, were surveyed regarding use of marijuana, including its perceived benefits and attitudes. Data were then compared with results of a similar survey study conducted at our center in 2012, before marijuana's legalization. Results The survey was completed by 302 patients. There was a significant increase in marijuana use overall from 12.3% in 2012 to 22.8% in 2017 (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant increase in medicinal use from 2012 to 2017. On bivariate analysis, severe disease, as assessed by SIBDQ score, prior hospitalization, biologic therapy use, prior surgery, and chronic abdominal pain, was found to be more predictive of medicinal use now than in 2012. Among patients surveyed who have never used marijuana, 39.4% reported being interested in using medicinal marijuana, and 54.3% indicated that legalization did not affect their likelihood of using medicinal marijuana. Conclusions In an IBD tertiary care center, we identified an overall upward trend in marijuana use but no significant change in medicinal use since its legalization in 2012. Our data suggests that the legalization of medical marijuana has resulted in an insignificant change in medicinal marijuana use in this population. 10.1093/ibd/izy141_video1izy141.video15786500236001.
Use of a 5-Item Modified Frailty Index for Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Surgical Management of Distal Radius Fractures.

Purpose Compared with cast treatment, surgery may expose patients with distal radius fractures to undue risk. Surgical intervention in this cohort may offer less benefit than previously thought and appropriate patient selection is imperative. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts complications after other orthopedic surgeries. We hypothesized that this index would predict, and might ultimately prevent, complications in patients older than 50 years with distal radius fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the American College of Surgeons—National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, including patients older than 50 years who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a distal radius fracture. A 5-item mFI score was then calculated for each patient. Postoperative complications , readmission and reoperation rates, as well as length of stay (LOS) were recorded. Bivariate and multivariable statistical analysis was then performed. Results We identified 6,494 patients (mean age, 65 years). Compared with patients with mFI of 0, patients with mFI of 2 or greater were nearly 2.5 times as likely to incur a postoperative complication (1.7% vs 7.4%). Specifically, the rates of Clavien-Dindo IV, wound, cardiac, and renal complications were increased significantly in patients with mFI of 2 or greater. In addition, as mFI increased from 0 to 2 or greater, 30-day reoperation rate increased from 0.8% to 2.4%, 30-day readmission from 0.8% to 4.6%, and LOS from 0.5 days to 1.44 days. Frailty was associated with increased complications as well as rates of readmission and reoperation even when controlling for demographic data, LOS, and operative time. Age alone was not significantly associated with postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, or LOS. Conclusions A state of frailty is highly predictive of postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, and increased LOS following open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. Our data suggest that a simple frailty evaluation can help inform surgical decision making in patients older than 50 years with distal radius fractures. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic II.
Sleep, low self-control, and deviance: Direct and indirect links across immigrant groups and socioeconomic strata.

Abstract Sleep functioning is concurrently and longitudinally associated with norm-violating behaviors; however, the specific correlates contributing to these links remain unknown. Moreover, despite known mean-level differences in sleep functioning across immigrant and non-immigrant youth as well as socioeconomic strata, it is largely unknown whether links between sleep and norm-violating behaviors vary across groups. The current study tested the direct effects of sleep problems and sleep quantity on measures of deviance, as well as the indirect links via low self-control. It also tested moderating effects by immigrant and SES groups, indicated by parental education, on the associations and mean-level differences in sleep functioning. Results from structural equation models based on cross-sectional data from a national probability sample of Swiss adolescents (N = 6,866) provided evidence of both direct as well as indirect links between sleep and deviance, via low self-control. Despite mean-level differences, the tested links were invariant across immigrant and SES groups, with one modest exception in the magnitude of effect.
Complex Systems Modeling Meets Community-Based Participatory Research: A Tool For Enhancing Critical Consciousness

Complex systems modeling has great potential as a tool for characterizing the environmental and social determinants underlying environmental health inequalities. Systems sciences has not been widel...
Safety of Endoscopy in Heritable Connective Tissue Disorders

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the gastrointestinal manifestations or safety of endoscopy among patients with heritable connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). METHODS We conducted an electronic cross-sectional survey nested within preexisting registries of patients with heritable connective tissue disorders and examined self-reported rates of endoscopic complications. RESULTS The rate of endoscopy-related perforation was 9.4% (95% confidence interval 2.0%-25.0%) among individuals with vascular EDS, <1% in classical and hypermobility-type EDS, and zero in Marfan syndrome (P < 0.001). Spontaneous intestinal perforation was also significantly higher in the vascular EDS group. DISCUSSION Clinicians should consider noninvasive screening methods for patients with vascular EDS.
Synthesis, structure, and bonding of A5Cd2Tl11, A = Cs, Rb. Naked pentagonal antiprismatic columns centered by cadmium.

A new anionic thallium cluster chain 1 infinity[Cd2Tl11(5-)] has been discovered in the A-Cd-Tl systems for A = Cs, Rb. The compounds are synthesized by direct fusion of the elements at 700 degrees C and equilibration of the quenched product at 200 degrees C for 1 month. The thallides crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Amm2, Z = 2, a = 56107(7) and 55999(6) A, b = 18090(3) and 17603(3) A, c = 13203(3) and 12896(2) A for A = Cs and Rb, respectively, and contain chains of face-sharing pentagonal Tl10 antiprisms embedded in a matrix of alkali metal cations. Cadmium atoms occupy the center of the antiprisms and donate electrons to the anionic chain. Additional four-bonded Tl atoms on one side of the chain make the structure acentric. The compounds are diamagnetic (chi 296 = -08, -40 (x 10(-4) emu/mol, respectively) and metallic (10-20 mu omega cm at 275 K), and the indirect band gap energy of both compounds is close to zero according to extended Huckel calculations on the isolated chain.
Postoperative and long-term outcomes in children with Trisomy 21 and single ventricle palliation.

OBJECTIVE Patients with Trisomy 21 (T21) and single ventricle (SV) physiology present unique challenges compared to euploidic counterparts. This study reports postoperative and long-term outcomes in patients with T21 and SV palliation. DESIGN This retrospective cohort study from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (PCCC) included patients with T21 (<21 years old) that underwent surgical palliation for SV between 1982 and 2008 and control patients without known genetic anomaly following Fontan palliation for similar diagnoses. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were created based on death events obtained from the PCCC and by linkage with the National Death Index (NDI) and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) through 2014 for patients with adequate identifiers. RESULTS We identified 118 children with T21 who underwent initial surgical SV palliation. Among 90 (75.6%) patients surviving their first surgery, 66 (73.3%) underwent Glenn anastomosis and 25 (27.8%) completed Fontan palliation with in-hospital survival of 80.3% and 76.0%, respectively. Fifty-three patients had sufficient identifiers for PCCC-NDI-OPTN linkage. Ten-year survival, conditioned on discharge alive after the Fontan procedure, was 66.7% compared to 92.2% for 51 controls without genetic anomaly (P = .001). Median age at death for T21 patients following initial surgical SV palliation was 2.69 years (IQR 1.34-7.12) with most deaths (89.2%) attributed to the underlying congenital heart disease (CHD). CONCLUSIONS Children with T21 and SV are at high risk for procedural and long-term mortality related to their genetic condition and underlying CHD. Nevertheless, a select group of patients can successfully complete Glenn or Fontan palliation, reaching satisfactory long-term survival.
Assessing and mitigating the effects of agricultural soil erosion on roadside ditches

Roadside ditches line more than 6.3 million km of roadways in the USA, dissecting the natural topography and altering the flow of runoff from the catchments that drain into them. In agricultural regions, more than 30% of a watershed may directly drain into the roadside ditch system. Quantifying soil erosion and sediment export from agricultural watersheds is a crucial component when considering long-term soil sustainability. Our study evaluated the relation of catchment soil erosion and ditch sedimentation at six representative roadside ditches in Lime Creek watershed (eastern Iowa) and quantified the effectiveness of possible catchment conservation practices to reduce soil erosion and ditch sedimentation. Study results provide clear evidence linking roadside ditches to the agricultural catchments that drain into them. Among the six ditch sites, catchment erosion was found to be inversely related to sediment storage within the ditch due to erosive power of water entering the ditches from their basins. Of four catchment scenarios to reduce soil erosion, no-till with cover and graded terrace did not require land to be taken out of production and provided the most significant reductions in catchment erosion rates. Results indicated that reducing nutrient and sediment loads to ditches by incorporating in-field conservation practices in ditch catchments may be more economical and environmentally sustainable than current management practices for both farmers and roadway managers because they trap detached soil sediments before they enter the ditch.
Curie temperature of emerging two-dimensional magnetic structures

Recent realizations of intrinsic, long-range magnetic orders in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have ignited tremendous research interest. In this work, we employ the XXZ Heisenberg model and Monte Carlo simulations to study a fundamental property of these emerging 2D magnetic materials, the Curie temperature (${T}_{c}$). By including both on-site and neighbor couplings extracted from first-principles simulations, we have calculated ${T}_{c}$ of monolayer chromium trihalides and $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{e}}_{6}$, which are of broad interest currently, and the simulation results agree with available measurements. We also clarify the roles played by anisotropic and isotropic interactions in deciding ${T}_{c}$ of magnetic orders. Particularly, we find a universal, linear dependence between ${T}_{c}$ and magnetic interactions within the parameter space of realistic materials. With this linear dependence, we can predict ${T}_{c}$ of general 2D lattice structures, omitting the Monte Carlo simulations. Compared with the widely used Ising model, mean-field theory, and spin-wave theory, this work provides a convenient and quantitative estimation of ${T}_{c}$, giving hope to speeding up the search for novel 2D materials with higher Curie temperatures.
T-Cell Regulation of Murine Iga Biosynthesis

Regulation of the immune response has been a subject of much recent interest. In this regard it has been shown that both T-cells and macrophages as well as humoral substances derived from such cells can both help or suppress B-cell responses (1,2). In the case of T-cells, help or suppression is mediated by separate subpopulations which are identifiable in mice by characteristic surface markers (Ly antigens) (3) and which can be separated from one another by velocity sedimentation (4). Moreover, mitogenic stimulation of unseparated T-cell populations results in differential effects on suppressor or helper function depending on the kind and the dose of mitogen used: Concanavalin A (Con A) at mitogenic doses induces net suppression of B-cell responses and at submitogenic doses induces net help of B-cell responses; on the other hand, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) appears to induce only suppression of B-cell responses (5,6).
High-speed free space optical communications based on quantum cascade lasers and type-II superlattice detectors

Free-space optical communications (FSOC) is a promising avenue for point-to-point, high-bandwidth, and high-security communication links. It has the potential to solve the “last mile” problem modern communication systems face, allowing for high-speed communication links without the expensive and expansive infrastructure required by fiber optic and wireless technologies 1 . Although commercial FSOC systems currently exist, due to their operation in the near infrared and short infrared ranges, they are necessarily limited by atmospheric absorption and scattering losses 2 . Mid-infrared (MWIR) wavelengths are desirable for free space communications systems because they have lower atmospheric scattering losses compared to near-infrared communication links. This leads to increased range and link uptimes. Since this portion of the EM spectrum is unlicensed, link establishment can be implemented quickly. Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are ideal FSOC transmitters because their emission wavelength is adjustable to MWIR 3 . Compared to the typical VCSEL and laser diodes used in commercial NIR and SWIR FSOC systems, however, they require increased threshold and modulation currents 4 . Receivers based on type-II superlattice (T2SL) detectors are desired in FSOC for their low dark current, high temperature operation, and band gap tunable to MWIR 5 . In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of a high-speed FSOC system using a QCL and a T2SL detector.
Can AI decrypt fashion jargon for you

When people talk about fashion, they care about the underlying meaning of fashion concepts,e.g., style.For example, people ask questions like what features make this dress smart.However, the product descriptions in today fashion websites are full of domain specific and low level words. It is not clear to people how exactly those low level descriptions can contribute to a style or any high level fashion concept. In this paper, we proposed a data driven solution to address this concept understanding issues by leveraging a large number of existing product data on fashion sites. We first collected and categorized 1546 fashion keywords into 5 different fashion categories. Then, we collected a new fashion product dataset with 853,056 products in total. Finally, we trained a deep learning model that can explicitly predict and explain high level fashion concepts in a product image with its low level and domain specific fashion features.
Motherhood’s complicated roles in a graduate teacher licensure program

While women enter and complete graduate programs at lower rates than men, there is limited research on how the experience of motherhood plays a role in graduate program success. Graduate students w...
A Novel RFI Mitigation Method Using Source Rotation

This article proposes a novel radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation method and applies it to a real consumer electronic device. Through near-field scanning, an equivalent dipole moment of the noise source containing the CPU and DDR memory chip is reconstructed. The near-field components of the victim Wi-Fi antenna are measured to obtain the transfer function. By determining the relationship between the dipole moment and the antenna near field, the noise source is rotated by a certain angle to reduce RFI. Rotating the source to reduce RFI is implemented in such a way that it does not compromise the signal integrity, and it does not require an additional shield can. New boards with the suggested changes are fabricated and the measured results show the RFI reduction up to 8 dB compared with the original board.
Multi-Level Multi-Growth Models: New opportunities for addressing developmental theory using longitudinal designs

Abstract Longitudinal models have become increasingly popular in recent years because of their power to test theoretically derived hypotheses by modeling within-person processes with repeated measures. Growth models constitute a flexible framework for modeling a range of complex trajectories across time in outcomes of interest, including non-linearities and time-varying covariates. However, these models have not thus far been expanded to include the effects of multiple growth processes at once on a single outcome. Here, I outline such an extension, showing how multiple growth processes can be modeled as a specific case of the general ability to include time-varying covariates in growth models. I show that this extension of growth models cannot be accomplished by statistical models alone, and that study design plays a crucial role in allowing for proper parameter recovery. I demonstrate these principles through simulations to mimic important theoretical conditions where modeling the effects of multiple growth processes can address developmental theory including, disaggregating the effects of age and practice or treatment in repeated assessments and modeling age- and puberty-related effects during adolescence. I compare how these models behave in two common longitudinal designs, cohort-sequential and accelerated, and how planned missingness in observations is key to parameter recovery. I conclude with directions for future substantive research using the method outlined here.
Clinical Outcomes in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients Receiving Sequential Elotuzumab and Daratumumab: A Single Center Experience

Daratumumab and elotuzumab are monoclonal antibodies approved by the FDA in November 2015 for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Daratumumab was approved as a single therapy targeting plasma cell surface CD38, while elotuzumab was approved as part of combination therapy (with lenalidomide), targeting SLAMF7 to impact natural killer cell activation. While both therapies are involved in the recruitment of cellular cytotoxic mechanisms against multiple myeloma, the efficacy of each after a patient has relapsed on the other therapy is unclear. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with RRMM at the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center that received both elotuzumab and daratumumab between January 2016 and December 2018 to determine if progression-free survival (PFS) with each monoclonal antibody is affected by previous treatment with the other. Median age at time of treatment was 59.7 years, and 58% of patients were female. Median number of treatments prior to first monoclonal antibody was 4, and median time to first monoclonal antibody was 58 months. Seventeen patients received daratumumab prior to elotuzumab, while nine patients received elotuzumab prior to daratumumab. Patients that received daratumumab first received on average 2 treatments before receiving elotuzumab, while patients receiving elotuzumab first received 1 treatment on average before receiving daratumumab, and time between treatments was significantly shorter for patients receiving daratumumab first (3.7 months vs. 12.4 months, p = 0.0009). Overall survival (OS) and cumulative PFS trended higher in patients receiving elotuzumab first but did not reach significance (OS 37 months vs. 21.7 months, p = 0.07, and PFS 15.5 months vs. 7.6 months, p = 0.09). PFS with initial elotuzumab was higher than with initial daratumumab (11.9 months vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.0124). PFS on daratumumab trended favorably when elotuzumab was administered first (9.4 months vs. 3.0 months), although not significant (p = 0.19). In patients receiving daratumumab, 47% initially demonstrated response, all with eventual progression, with 40% responding to later elotuzumab therapy. Conversely, 56% of patients receiving elotuzumab first demonstrated a response, with 44% eventually progressing over time, and 56% responding to subsequent daratumumab therapy. These results generate a plausible hypothesis related to a possible potentiating effect of elotuzumab that extends after therapy regimen has changed and warrants further investigation into the sequencing of these two therapies in RRMM and the interplay of their different immunologic impact. Disclosures Hoffman: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Loxo: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
Review of Cushman’s Travels with the Self: Restoring Psychoanalysis to its Radical Roots as an Agent of Social Change: Philip Cushman, Routledge, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, 2019, $40.90 ISBN: 978-I-I38-60554-I

Philip Cushman’s collection of papers showcased in his recent book, “Travels with the Self: Interpreting Psychology as Cultural History” coalesce to form a strong critique of psychotherapist/psycho...