cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saddle Mountain fault deformation zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western boundary of the Seattle uplift

The Saddle Mountain fault, first recognized in the early 1970s, is now well mapped in the Hoodsport area, southeastern Olympic Peninsula (northwestern United States), on the basis of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) surveys, aerial photography, and trench excavations. Drowned trees and trench excavations demonstrate that the Saddle Mountain fault produced a M W 6.5–7.0 earthquake 1000–1300 yr ago, likely contemporaneous with the M W 7.5 Seattle fault earthquake 1100 yr ago and with a variety of other fault and landslide activity over a wide region of the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. This near synchroneity suggests that the Saddle Mountain and Seattle fault may be kinematically linked. Aeromagnetic anomalies and LIDAR topographic scarps define an en echelon sequence of faults along the southeastern Olympic Peninsula of Washington, all active in Holocene time. A detailed analysis of aeromagnetic data suggests that the Saddle Mountain fault extends at least 35 km, from 6 km southwest of Lake Cushman northward to the latitude of the Seattle fault. A magnetic survey over Price Lake using a nonmagnetic canoe illuminated two east-dipping reverse faults with 20 m of vertical offset at 30 m depth associated with 2–4 m of vertical displacement at the topographic surface. Analysis of regional aeromagnetic data indicates that the Seattle fault may extend westward across Hood Canal and into the Olympic Mountains, where it terminates near the northward terminus of the Saddle Mountain fault. The en echelon alignment of the Saddle Mountain and nearby Frigid Creek and Canyon River faults, all active in late Holocene time, reflects a >45-km-long zone of deformation that may accommodate the northward shortening of Puget Lowland crust inboard of the Olympic massif. In this view, the Seattle fault and Saddle Mountain deformation zone form the boundaries of the northward-advancing Seattle uplift.
Use of complex systems modelling to strengthen public health's role in preventing war.

The theoretical framework that public health uses as a basis for research and practice determines the scope, content and relevance of both (McMichael 1999). The use of conceptual frameworks or mode...
Application of Larval Release for Restocking and Stock Enhancement of Coastal Marine Bivalve Populations

The coastal zone in the United States and in other areas worldwide is under increasing stress from human population growth and associated development, and that stress extends to the animal populations that occupy coastal habitats. Considerable effort is being expended to restore the habitats and animals that characterize this biome. I herein describe historic and recent developments regarding the application of the larval release approach to marine animal population restocking efforts. Beginning with cod (Gadus morhua) larvae in the late 1800s, the larval form has been exploited for restocking of various fish and invertebrate species with mixed results. Success has been elusive when working with cod and hard clams (Mercenaria spp.), but efforts using striped bass (Morone saxatilis), abalone (Haliotis spp.), and most recently bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) have been at least partially successful. In the case of bay scallops, competent (ready-to-settle) larvae released into containment enclosures were ...
Integrated Inertial Sensors and Mobile Computing for Real-Time Cycling Performance Guidance via Pedaling Profile Classification

Today, the bicycle is utilized as a daily commute tool, a physical rehabilitation asset, and sporting equipment, prompting studies into the biomechanics of cycling. Of the number of important parameters that affect cycling efficiency, the foot angle profile is one of the most important as it correlates directly with the effective force applied to the bike. However, there has been no compact and portable solution for measuring the foot angle and for providing the cyclist with real-time feedback due to a number of difficulties of the current tracking and sensing technologies and the myriad types of bikes available. This paper presents a novel sensing and mobile computing system for classifying the foot angle profiles during cycling and for providing real-time guidance to the user to achieve the correct profile. Continuous foot angle tracking is firstly converted into a discrete problem requiring only recognition of acceleration profiles of the foot using a single shoe mounted tri-axial accelerometer during each pedaling cycle. A classification method is then applied to identify the pedaling profile. Finally, a mobile solution is presented to provide real-time signal processing and guidance.
Rare earth tagging methods for the study of larval dispersal by marine invertebrates

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are proposed as a label for invertebrate larvae (clams, barnacles, and polychaetes) and passive larval mimics (polystyrene spheres) to be used in field studies of larval dispersal. Different elements, their uptake levels, retention times, and effects on larval survivorship were examined to assess suitability of REEs as larval tags. Lu, Sm, and Eu were selected for labeling work based on extremely low levels in natural plankton and seawater and due to the high sensitivity of neutron activation analysis to these elements. Adequate label retention occurs on time scales of hours to days in both larvae and microspheres. Combined use of Eu-labeled microspheres and Lu- and Sm-labeled larvae in releaserecapture mode offers a highly sensitive method for studying trajectories and behavior of larvae in natural settings. However, dilution factors may limit experimentation to small and intermediate spatial scales (meters to kilometers) in the field.
Long-Term Care Patients in Acute Care Beds: A Community-Based Analysis

This paper describes an analysis of hospital utilization by alternate care patients, those who receive long-term care in hospital beds because postdischarge services are not available. During a 3-year period, the number of hospital beds occupied by these patients in Syracuse, New York reached 184, or 14% of the area's medical-surgical capacity. These patients were heterogeneous with respect to disposition, age, functional ability, and payor status. For this reason, the control of hospital alternate care should involve the management of admissions to nursing homes, home care, and elderly housing in a focused manner.
Parametric hypoplasticity as continuum model for granular media: from Stokesium to Mohr-Coulombium and beyond

Fluid-particle systems, in which internal forces arise only from viscosity or intergranular friction, represent an important special case of strictly dissipative materials defined by a history-dependent 4th-rank viscosity tensor. In a recently proposed simplification, this history dependence is represented by a symmetric 2nd-rank fabric tensor with evolution determined by a given homogeneous deformation. That work suggests an essential physical link between idealized suspensions (“Stokesium”) and granular media (“Mohr-Coulombium”) along with possible models for the visco-plasticity of fluid-saturated and dry granular media. The present paper deals with the elastoplasticity of dilatant non-cohesive granular media composed of nearly rigid, frictional particles. Based on the underlying physics and past modeling by others, a continuum model based on parametric hypoplasticity is proposed, which involves a set of rate-independent ODEs in the state-space of stress, void ratio and fabric. As with the standard theory of hypoplasticity, the present model does not rely on plastic potentials but, in contrast to that theory, it is based explicitly on positive-definite elastic and plastic moduli. The present model allows for elastic loading or unloading within a dissipative yield surface and also provides a systematic treatment of Reynolds dilatancy as a kinematic constraint. Some explicit forms are proposed and comparisons are made to previous hypoplastic models of granular media.
Effect of Cell Geometry on Conduction Velocity in a Subcellular Model of Myocardium

We have studied the effect of cell geometry on propagation velocity of the cardiac impulse using a subcellular computer model of myocardium. Variation of cell size has only small effects on longitudinal and transverse conduction velocities, when the ratio of cell length/width is constant, for cell sizes (length X width) between (60 μm × 20 μm) and (120 μm × 40 μm). The results were not dependent on gap-junction conductance (range 0.25-1 μS), gap-junction distribution, or the specific tissue architecture. Longitudinal conduction velocity increased with the cell length/width ratio and transverse velocity decreased. The cell length/width ratio was a good estimator of the anisotropic ratio. In conclusion, cell length/width ratio is more important than cell size in determining conduction velocity.
Chaos-assisted tunneling and dynamical localization in dielectric microdisk resonators

We demonstrate that the lifetimes and emission patterns of the optical modes in microresonators are strongly affected by the phenomena of chaos-assisted tunneling and dynamical Anderson localization, and develop quantitative descriptions of these effects.
A Longitudinal Study of Post-High-School Development in Gifted Individuals at Risk for Poor Educational Outcomes

Fourteen gifted late adolescents, considered at risk for poor educational outcomes because of underachievement, depression, or family situation, participated in a 4-year qualitative longitudinal study focusing on 4 developmental tasks: gaining autonomy, becoming differentiated, establishing career direction, and developing a mature relationship. The process of resolving conflict with parents generated the largest portion of narrative data. The majority of participants still lacked direction and a mature relationship at the end of the study, but most respondents had resolved conflict, felt autonomous, and reported good emotional health. Multiple task accomplishments were associated with being able to concentrate on academics.
Collaborative Consultation: The Efficacy of Remedial and Compensatory Interventions in School Contexts

Objective This study examined the intervention success of weekly collaborative consultation between therapists and teachers. Method Ten therapist-teacher pairs consulted for 60 min weekly throughout the school year about students identified as having sensory integration dysfunction with learning problems. Each week, the pairs identified a specific functional classroom goal then designed either a remedial or compensatory intervention and set criteria for intervention success. At each successive weekly meeting, the pairs determined whether the goal was met. Intervention success was analyzed across 10 students (for a total of 213 goals). Results There was a positive effect for overall intervention success. Although remedial and compensatory interventions were equally successful across student performance areas, therapist-teacher pairs demonstrated a preference for compensatory and academic goals. Conclusion The overall positive effect for intervention success suggests that when occupational therapists and teachers collaborate on behalf of students, they can facilitate student success in a variety of performance areas. Therapist-teacher preference for compensatory and academic goals indicates that therapist-teacher collaboration can be useful for occupational therapists to link interventions to academic goals in school contexts.
A Health Insurance Tax Credit for Uninsured Workers

This paper describes a new system of tax credits to help low-income workers pay for health insurance. The system would be designed to subsidize health insurance coverage for workers who are currently uninsured, or who pay high premiums for nongroup insurance. Anyone age 19 or older who is not covered by Medicaid, Medicare, or employer-sponsored health insurance would be eligible for a health insurance tax credit (HITC), administered through the Internal Revenue Service. The base amount of the proposed credit would be $2,000 per year for each covered individual, but this amount would be adjusted for the individual’s age and sex, according to the effect of age and sex on the cost of insurance coverage. The base amount of the credit would be reduced by $150 for every $1,000 by which a person’s income exceeded 200% of the federal poverty level, thus limiting HITC eligibility to lower-income workers. To encourage participation in the credit program, most of the credit would be available through an advance payment system, with final reconciliation after year’s end.
BMI changes in adolescents treated with bupropion SR for smoking cessation.

Objective Adolescent overweight and obesity and smoking continue to be very important health challenges because of their lasting effects on overall health. Weight gain after smoking cessation is a barrier to quitting as well as a negative consequence to health. This study reports changes in the body mass index (BMI) z-scores of adolescent smokers participating in a dose-ranging clinical trial of bupropion SR (150 mg/day and 300 mg/day) for smoking cessation. Methods A total of N = 296 adolescent smokers (placebo n = 100, 150 mg/day n = 101, 300 mg/day n = 95) with a BMI z-score of 0.5 (sd: 1.4), 0.5 (sd: 1.3), and 0.5 (sd: 1.2) in the placebo, 150 mg/day, and 300 mg/day groups, respectively, were followed for 6 months. Results Adolescents in the 300 mg/day group had a significant reduction in BMI z-score 6 weeks after quitting (β = −0.16, CI = (−0.29, −0.04), P-value = 0.01). This result was not sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions A reduction in BMI z-score during smoking cessation with bupropion has important implications for the future of adolescent smoking cessation. These results are particularly relevant for adolescents who have either overweight or obesity or who have reservations about quitting for fear of gaining weight or BMI.
Mifepristone-inducible transgene expression in neural progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo.

Numerous gene and cell therapy strategies are being developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these strategies use constitutive expression of therapeutic transgenic proteins, and although functional in animal models of disease, this method is less likely to provide adequate flexibility for delivering therapy to humans. Ligand-inducible gene expression systems may be more appropriate for these conditions, especially within the central nervous system (CNS). Mifepristone’s ability to cross the blood–brain barrier makes it an especially attractive ligand for this purpose. We describe the production of a mifepristone-inducible vector system for regulated expression of transgenes within the CNS. Our inducible system used a lentivirus-based vector platform for the ex vivo production of mifepristone-inducible murine neural progenitor cells that express our transgenes of interest. These cells were processed through a series of selection steps to ensure that the cells exhibited appropriate transgene expression in a dose-dependent and temporally controlled manner with minimal background activity. Inducible cells were then transplanted into the brains of rodents, where they exhibited appropriate mifepristone-inducible expression. These studies detail a strategy for regulated expression in the CNS for use in the development of safe and efficient gene therapy for neurological disorders.
Effects of (-)-trans- delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on serum prolactin in the pseudopregnant rat

Groups of pseudopregnant rats were injected intravenously with (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to determine its effects on serum prolactin (PRL) and the maintenance of pseudopregnancy. A single injection of 4 mg THC/kg BW at 2400 h on the first day of leukocytic vaginal smears of pseudopregnancy (D-1) delayed the ensuing nocturnal PRL surge for approximately one hour. When THC (1.0 mg/kg BW) was administered hourly from 2400 h on D-1 through 1700 h on D-2, the nocturnal surge was blocked and serum PRL levels were suppressed until 0600 h on D-2, but not thereafter. Neither treatment altered the duration of pseudopregnancy. These results indicate that the nocturnal surge secretion of PRL during early pseudopregnancy in the rat is sensitive to THC suppression, but that this suppression is not adequate to influence the duration of pseudopregnancy. The mechanism through which THC exerts this action remains unknown.
Is Love All You Need? The Effects of Emotional Culture, Suppression, and Work–family Conflict on Firefighter Risk-Taking and Health

In this paper, we build and test theory about the emotional cultures of prototypically masculine organizations. A qualitative study of fire stations in a major metropolitan area revealed that the e...
Ovarian kisspeptin expression is related to age and to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that ovarian kisspeptin (kiss1) and its receptor (kiss1r) expression are affected by age, obesity, and the age- and obesity-related chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Ovaries from reproductive-aged and older C57BL/6J mice fed normal chow (NC) or high-fat (HF) diet, ovaries from age-matched young MCP-1 knockout and young control mice on NC, and finally, cumulus and mural granulosa cells (GCs) from women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) were collected. Kiss1, kiss1r, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and AMH receptor (AMHR-II) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In mouse ovaries, kiss1 and kiss1r mRNA levels were significantly higher in old compared to reproductive-aged mice, and diet-induced obesity did not alter kiss1 or kiss1r mRNA levels. Compared to young control mice, young MCP-1 knockout mice had significantly lower ovarian kiss1 mRNA but significantly higher AMH and AMHR-II mRNA levels. In human cumulus GCs, kiss1r mRNA levels were positively correlated with age but not with BMI. There was no expression of kiss1 mRNA in either cumulus or mural GCs. These data suggest a possible age-related physiologic role for the kisspeptinergic system in ovarian physiology. Additionally, the inflammatory MCP-1 may be associated with kiss1 and AMH genes, which are important in ovulation and folliculogenesis, respectively.
Calculations of photoionization of the 4 d subshells of Ba and Ba 2

Photoionization cross sections for the $4{d}^{10}$ subshells of Ba and ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{2+}$ have been calculated in the Hartree-Fock approximation with and without inclusion of relaxation effects. Use has also been made of the geometric mean between length and velocity results. The present calculations are compared with previous calculations and with results of experiments.
Excited states and electroluminescence of carbon nanotubes

I will discuss the electronic structure, nature of the excited states and optical properties of carbon nanotubes. Single nanotube electrically-excited light emitters and photodetectors and the mechanism of their operation will be presented.
Serum lipoproteins in experimental diabetes. I. Serum lipoprotein pattern of normal and depancreatized dogs.

Summary1) Serum lipoproteins of normal and depancreatized dogs have been studied by means of zone electrophoresis on filter paper. 2) Dog serum contains 3 main groups of lipoprotein fractions: a fast-migrating albumin-α-globulin group, a slow-migrating β-globulin group and a β2-γ-globulin group which does not migrate at all. 3) The bulk of serum lipids is carried by the albumin-α-globulin fractions and only a small amount by the β-globulins. This is the opposite of what happens in normal man. 4) Serum of depancreatized dogs under insulin control contains more total cholesterol and total lipid P than normal serum. The cholesterol/lipid P ratio is increased. There is a tendency for an increase in amount of the slower migrating components of albumin-α-globulin fraction at the expense of the faster ones. 5) Withdrawal of insulin is followed by an immediate uniform increase of all lipoprotein fractions. As decompensation sets in, the β-globulin fraction increases out of proportion with other fractions. Thus, i...
Effects of Oxygen on Meta-stable Phase Formation in Zr80Pt20 Melt Spun Ribbons

This report continues previous studies that show melt spun Zr80Pt20 ribbons having oxygen contents ranging from <200 to approximately 5000 mass ppm form various meta-stable phases during quenching. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, a big cube Zr6Pt3O phase forms, but this structure is de-stabilized towards an icosahedral quasicrystalline structure at lower oxygen levels. Further reduction of oxygen promotes increasingly stable Zr-Pt bonds, and a meta-stable β-Zr(Pt) structure is formed.
Molecular analysis of viridans and nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococci causing sequential episodes of endocarditis in a patient.

Clinical blood isolates from sequential episodes of endocarditis occurring over a six-month period of time in an addict were investigated. The pathogens were Streptococcus sanguis II, Streptococcus mitis , and a nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococcus. The authors determined the DNA relatedness of these isolates by antibiograms, plasmid profiles, chromosomal endonuclease restriction digestions, and dot blot DNA-DNA hybrid-ization analyses. The S. sanguis II and nutritionally deficient streptococcal strain had similar antibiograms being resistant to penicillin; neither produced beta-lactamase. No plasmids were found. The restriction endonuclease chromosomal digestion pat-terns of these isolates were unique and epidemiologically unrelated to each other. Dot blot DNA-DNA hybridizations, using the nutritionally deficient streptococcal DNA as the probe, showed homology to the preceding clinical isolates, S. sanguis II and S. mitis , at 15.4% and 45.1% hybridization levels, respectively. The nutritionally deficient streptococcus was only 4.2% homologous to a S. mitis ATCC strain and another nutritionally deficient streptococci isolate. Therefore, this patient had endocarditis with three distinct streptococcal strains.
The Pitfalls and Possibilities of Socialist Transformation: The Case of Greece

With its 2015 electoral victory in Greece, Syriza became the first left political party to lead a European government since the founding of the European Union. As such, its eventual capitulation to the demands of the Troika was a bitter development, and not only for the people of Greece. Because the need for change remains as great as ever, and efforts at electoral-based transformations continue, especially in Europe, this paper seeks to assess the Greek experience, and in particular Syriza’s political options and choices, in order to help activists more effectively respond to the challenges faced when confronting capitalist power. Section 1 examines how Greece’s membership in the euro area promoted an increasingly fragile and unsustainable economic expansion over the period 2001 to 2007. Section 2 discusses the role of the Troika in Greece’s 2008 to 2014 downward spiral into depression. Section 3 discusses the ways in which popular Greek resistance to their country’s crisis helped to shape and nourish Syriza as a new type of left political organization, “a mass connective party.” Section 4 critically analyzes the Syriza-led government’s political choices, highlighting alternative policies not chosen that might have helped the government break the Troika’s strangle hold over the Greek economy and further radicalize the Greek population. Section 5 concludes with a presentation of five lessons from the Greek experience of relevance for future struggles.
Research on the Teaching Team Construction Based on Teaching Resources Development——Taking the Course "The Methods and Art of Management" as the Example

The specific characteristics of open education require comprehensive and full range of learning resources.The traditional teaching methods in which the teacher presents course alone has been unable to meet the current education needs.In order to improve the teaching quality and enhance the core competitiveness in open education,the teaching team construction based on teaching resources development is studied.
The Debate on Improving the Quality of Bilingual Teaching of Computer Science in Higher Education

This paper analyses the necessity of developing bilingual teaching and describes the present situation of bilingual teaching of computer science in higher education,then tries to solve the problem of how to improve the quality of bilingual teaching in computer major in many ways such as the setting of subject,the selection of teaching material,the recruit of teacher,the selection of teaching method,the monitor of teaching quality and assessment of teaching effect.
Hemostasia in Plastic Surgical Patients

Every surgeon should be acutely cognizant of the importance of the evaluation and treatment of bleeding abnormalities. Dependence upon a normal platelet and clotting system is a requirement for surgery. Significant emphasis should always be placed on a detailed history and physical examination. Routine laboratory evaluations should be regarded as a screening method and be augmented by suspicion raised during the history and physical examination. The importance of a basic understanding of hemostasis and the correction of abnormalities in hemostasis is essential to the practicing surgeon.
Toxemia of pregnancy; outline of treatment.

Toxemia of pregnancy is briefly discussed from a physiologic standpoint with emphasis on treatment, an outline of which is presented. Vasodepressor drugs of the veratrum group are used as a valuable therapeutic adjunct.
Anti-Müllerian hormone is produced heterogeneously in primate preantral follicles and is a potential biomarker for follicle growth and oocyte maturation in vitro

The main goals of this study were to investigate the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMHR2) during follicular development in primates, and to evaluate the potential of AMH as a biomarker for follicle growth and oocyte maturation in vitro. The mRNA and protein expression of AMH and AMHR2 were determined using isolated follicles and ovarian sections from rhesus macaques (n = 4) by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured individually. Follicle growth and media AMH concentrations were assessed by ELISA. The mRNA expression profiles, obtained from RNA sequencing, of in vitro- and in vivo-developed antral follicles were compared. Secondary follicles from additional animals (n = 35) were cultured. Follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and media AMH concentrations were evaluated for forecasting follicular development in vitro by AMH levels. AMH immunostaining was heterogeneous in the population of preantral follicles that were also stained for AMHR2. The mRNA expression profiles were comparable between in vivo- and in vitro-developed follicles. AMH levels produced by growing follicles were higher than those of nongrowing follicles in culture. With a cutoff value of 1.40 ng/ml, 85 % of nongrowing follicles could be identified while eliminating only 5 % of growing follicles. Growing follicles that generated metaphase II-stage oocytes secreted greater amounts of AMH than did those yielding immature germinal vesicle-stage oocytes. AMH, co-expressed with AMHR2, was produced heterogeneously by preantral follicles in macaques with levels correlated positively with follicle growth and oocyte maturation. AMH may serve as a biomarker for primate follicular development in vitro.
Determining the Mitochondrial Methyl Proteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Heavy Methyl SILAC

Methylation is a common and abundant post-translational modification. High-throughput proteomic investigations have reported many methylation sites from complex mixtures of proteins. The lack of consistency between parallel studies, resulting from both false positives and missed identifications, suggests problems with both over-reporting and under-reporting methylation sites. However, isotope labeling can be used effectively to address the issue of false-positives, and fractionation of proteins can increase the probability of identifying methylation sites in lower abundance. Here we have adapted heavy methyl SILAC to analyze fractions of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under respiratory conditions to allow for the production of mitochondria, an organelle whose proteins are often overlooked in larger methyl proteome studies. We have found 12 methylation sites on 11 mitochondrial proteins as well as an additional 14 methylation sites on 9 proteins that are nonmitochondrial. Of these methylation s...
Nonword Repetition and Vocabulary Knowledge as Predictors of Children's Phonological and Semantic Word Learning.

Purpose This study examined the unique and shared variance that nonword repetition and vocabulary knowledge contribute to children's ability to learn new words. Multiple measures of word learning w...
Optimal Control of a Degenerate PDE for Surface Shape

Controlling the shapes of surfaces provides a novel way to direct self-assembly of colloidal particles on those surfaces and may be useful for material design. This motivates the investigation of an optimal control problem for surface shape in this paper. Specifically, we consider an objective (tracking) functional for surface shape with the prescribed mean curvature equation in graph form as a state constraint. The control variable is the prescribed curvature. We prove existence of an optimal control, and using improved regularity estimates, we show sufficient differentiability to make sense of the first order optimality conditions. This allows us to rigorously compute the gradient of the objective functional for both the continuous and discrete (finite element) formulations of the problem. Numerical results are shown to illustrate the minimizers and optimal controls on different domains.
Kinetics and mechanics of photo-polymerized triazole-containing thermosetting composites via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition.

Abstract Objective Several features necessary for polymer composite materials in practical applications such as dental restorative materials were investigated in photo-curable CuAAC (copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) thermosetting resin-based composites with varying filler loadings and compared to a conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA based composite. Methods Tri-functional alkyne and di-functional azide monomers were synthesized for CuAAC resins and incorporated with alkyne-functionalized glass microfillers for CuAAC composites. Polymerization kinetics, in situ temperature change, and shrinkage stress were monitored simultaneously with a tensometer coupled with FTIR spectroscopy and a data-logging thermocouple. The glass transition temperature was analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis. Flexural modulus/strength and flexural toughness were characterized in three-point bending on a universal testing machine. Results The photo-CuAAC polymerization of composites containing between 0 and 60 wt% microfiller achieved ∼99% conversion with a dramatic reduction in the maximum heat of reaction (∼20 °C decrease) for the 60 wt% filled CuAAC composites as compared with the unfilled CuAAC resin. CuAAC composites with 60 wt% microfiller generated more than twice lower shrinkage stress of 0.43 ± 0.01 MPa, equivalent flexural modulus of 6.1 ± 0.7 GPa, equivalent flexural strength of 107 ± 9 MPa, and more than 10 times higher energy absorption of 10 ± 1 MJ m −3 when strained to 11% relative to BisGMA-based composites at equivalent filler loadings. Significance Mechanically robust and highly tough, photo-polymerized CuAAC composites with reduced shrinkage stress and a modest reaction exotherm were generated and resulted in essentially complete conversion.
Case 17-2017. A 14-Year-Old Boy with Acute Fear of Choking while Swallowing.

A 14-year-old boy was seen in the emergency department because he had a fear of choking while swallowing that had lasted for 2 days. On examination, he was alert and appeared to be anxious, with involuntary burping and drooling. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Abstract 20924: Threshold Based Infrared Imaging for Prevention of Esophageal Thermal Injury During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Introduction: Cardiac ablation for atrial fibrillation has the potential to cause esophageal thermal injury. Thermocouple and thermistor-based systems are commonly used to monitor esophageal temperature at one or a few discrete locations, however, these systems have not eliminated thermal injuries and employ thresholds that are considerably lower than well-established temperatures required for irreversible tissue damage. Hypothesis: To mitigate esophageal thermal injury we modulated delivery of cardiac ablation energy using temperatures obtained from a high-resolution, intra-body, infrared thermography catheter that images esophageal temperatures. Methods: Esophageal temperatures were recorded from 28 patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation using RF energy. An infrared catheter recorded surface temperatures from 7,680 points per second over a 6 cm length of esophagus. Physicians used a stepwise approach to set an esophageal temperature threshold. For initial cases a cutoff of 46 ° C was used and for subsequent cases the threshold was raised to a maximum value of 50 ° C. Full endoscopy was performed 1 to 3 days after the ablation procedure to document and quantify esophageal injury. Results: Posterior wall ablation resulted in 196 thermal elevations >40 ° C (mean 7.0±4.2) and nearly all patients (27/28) experienced a peak esophageal temperature (T peak ) >40 ° C. Eight patients experienced T peak >50 ° C; with a maximum recorded T peak =53 ° C. T peak exceeded the programmed infrared temperature threshold in 12/28 patients. All patients received a full endoscopy. None of these temperature excursions resulted in visible thermal esophageal injury. Conclusions: Infrared thermography provided comprehensive monitoring of esophageal temperatures during ablation. By conventional metrics (e.g. Temperature>40 ° C) a large number of thermal elevations were documented. However, infrared imaging provided instantaneous temperatures that allowed for limited interruption of ablation while preserving esophageal tissue integrity.
The Fourth Branch of Government

The American constitution is discussed with reference to the agrarian society for which it was framed. Today, in our hypertechnological age, some updating seems required to include a fourth branch of government, viz., a technological branch. An anology is drawn between the first and second revolutions of automation and cybernation, respectively; and the social, economic, and political stresses that arose partly because of constitutional inadequacies and the failure to recognize the massive technical impacts occurring. The authority, composition, and operation procedures of the technological branch are outlined, together with the method of interface with the existing three branches of government.
Evolution of Small-World Properties in Embodied Networks

The ontogenetic process that forms the structure of biological brains is believed to be ruled primarily by optimizing principles of resource allocation and constraint satisfaction for resources such as metabolic energy, wiring length, cranial volume, etc. These processes lead to networks that have interesting macroscopic structures, such as small-world and scale-free organization. However, open questions remain about the importance of these structures in cognitive performance, and how information processing constraints might provide requirements that dictate the types of macro structures observed. Constraints on the physical and metabolic needs of biological brains must be balanced with information processing constraints. It is therefore plausible that observed structures of biological brains are the result of both physical and information processing needs. In this paper we show that small-world structure can evolve under combined physical and functional constraints for a simulated evolution of a neuronal controller for an embodied agent in a navigational task.
The relationship between food parenting practices, parental diet and their adolescents' diet.

Abstract Objective To determine whether parents' and adolescents' dietary behaviors for fruits and vegetables [FV], junk foods, and sugar sweetened beverages [SSBs] align with parents’ food parenting practices for these behaviors. Design Data from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating (FLASHE), a cross-sectional, internet-based study, were analyzed. Participants Parent and adolescent dyads (n = 1859) representative of the general U.S. population. Main outcome measures Dependent variables: adolescent and parental dietary behaviors. Independent variables: parents’ food parenting practices for FV, SSBs, and junk food were assessed. Analysis General linear models with test of equal slopes were used to test study aims. Results Parents' diets and food parenting practices were consistent with their dietary behaviors. For their adolescents, parenting practices for FV consumption was positively related to adolescents' FV consumption, but parents/caregivers' rules/limits to avoid junk food/SSBs were positively related to adolescents’ junk foods and SSBs consumption. Conclusions and implications Continued parental modeling of dietary practices is important during adolescence. Future analyses should investigate adolescents' perceptions of parents’ practices and behaviors as well as their exposure from other sources and their effect on adolescent (dietary) decision-making.
Double Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Valve Replacements for Failed Surgical Bioprosthetic Aortic and Tricuspid Valves:

Transcatheter technology has revolutionized the treatment of valvular disease in the field of cardiology and cardiac surgery. We present an interesting case of a patient with prior double valve rep...
Review of robotic-assisted surgery: what the future looks like through a spine oncology lens

Recent advancements in medical technology have led to the emergence of robotic-assisted surgery with the hope of creating a safer and more efficient surgical environment for the patient and surgical team. Spine surgery and spine tumor surgery involve challenging anatomy and demand highly precise surgical maneuvers, creating an important niche for robotic systems. While still in its infancy, robotics in spine surgery have proven successful in pedicle screw placement. Similarly, robotics has begun to be used for accurate resections and surgical planning in tumor surgery. As future studies are published and robotics systems continue to evolve, we can expect more tactile haptic feedback and implementation of useful instruments to improve preoperative planning, resection guidance, and reconstruction during spine tumor surgery.
Algal wastewater treatment: Photoautotrophic vs. mixotrophic processes

Abstract Photoautotrophic algal systems have been investigated as potentially greener and more sustainable alternatives to the traditional bacteria-based wastewater treatment (WWT) systems. This paper presents mixotrophic algal systems as better suited for WWT. Since the literature is void of mixotrophic WWT systems, a brief review of the laboratory results from the literature comparing the different types of algal metabolisms is presented first. Details of a mixotrophic WWT system driven by an extremophilic alga, Galdieria sulphuraria (pH = 1 to 4; temperature = 25 to 56 °C) are presented next. Results from pilot scale version of this mixotrophic system (700 L) are summarized to show that it can reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrients in primary-settled wastewater in a single step to yield discharge-ready effluent in 5 log) and other pathogenic bacteria.
An Experienced Surgeon Can Meet or Exceed Robotic Accuracy in Manual Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Background Reports in the literature indicate that implant placement is more accurate with robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA); however, these studies have not always accounted for surgeon experience. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of tibial component alignment in UKA between an experienced high-volume surgeon and the published data on robotic-assisted surgery. Methods The radiographs made before and after 128 consecutive medial UKAs performed manually by a single surgeon using a cemented fixed-bearing implant were reviewed. Native tibial and tibial implant slope and varus alignment of the tibial implant were measured on preoperative and postoperative lateral and anteroposterior radiographs, respectively. The percentages of knees in which the postoperative measurements were within preoperative targets and the root mean square (RMS) error rates between the planned and achieved targets were compared with published robotic-assisted-UKA data. Results In the present study, the proportion of manual UKAs in which the tibial component alignment was within the preoperative target was 66% (85 of 128), which exceeded published values in a study comparing robotic (58%) with manual (41%) UKA. The RMS error for tibial component alignment in the present study (1.48°) was less than published RMS error rates for robotic UKAs (range, 1.8° to 5°). Fifty-eight percent (74) of the 128 study UKAs were within the surgeon's preoperative goal for tibial slope, which was closer to the published value of 80% for robotic UKAs than is the published rate of 22% for manual UKAs. The RMS error for tibial slope in the study UKAs (1.50°) was smaller than the published RMS error rates for tibial slope in robotic UKAs (range, 1.6° to 1.9°). Conclusions Accurate implant alignment is important in UKA. In this study, an experienced surgeon achieved or exceeded robotic accuracy of tibial implant alignment in UKA. However, the relationship between implant position and patient outcomes is unknown, and a consensus on ideal surgical targets for optimal implant survivorship has yet to be established. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Patterns of benzodiazepine administration and prescribing to older adults in U.S. emergency departments

Benzodiazepine use in older adults is associated with adverse effects including delirium, mechanical falls, fractures, and memory disturbances. In this study we examine the overall utilization of benzodiazepines in the older adult population in U.S. EDs. Data were compiled from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2005–2015. Variables were created to identify all patients over 60 years of age who had and had not been administered benzodiazepines. Bivariate statistical tests were utilized to examine patient demographics, hospital course events and ED/hospital resource allocation and compare older adults administered (in the ED) and prescribed (from the ED) benzodiazepines to those not receiving these agents. Between 2005 and 2015 approximately 280 million adults over 60 years of age were seen in EDs throughout the U.S. Overall, benzodiazepines were administered in the ED (only) during 8.5 million visits, and prescribed as a prescription (only) during over 1.3 million visits, with the rate increasing from 2.7% in 2005 to 3.5% in 2015 for benzodiazepines were administered in the ED (only). Overall 42.1% (95% CI 38.8–45.2, p < 0.001) of older adults administered benzodiazepines in the ED were subsequently admitted to the hospital. Rates of co-administration and co-prescription of opioid analgesics were high at 19.0% (95% CI 7.3–19.7) and 17.0% (95% CI 7.9–17.4) for those administered benzodiazepines in the ED, and 21.8% (95% CI 16.3–28.5) and 34.5% (95% CI 27.7–42.0) amongst those prescribed benzodiazepines at discharge. In both cases, these groups were no less likely to be administered opioids in the ED than those not receiving benzodiazepines. A total of 1.1% (95% CI 0.69–1.7, p < 0.001) of older adults administered (in the ED) benzodiazepines were diagnosed with delirium in the ED, compared to 0.0004% who were not (95% CI 0.0038–0.0052). Despite the documented risks associated with the utilization of benzodiazepines in older adults, the rate of use in EDs continues to increase. Older adults administered benzodiazepines in the ED were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than those not receiving these agents. Despite the risks associated with co-prescription of benzodiazepines with opioids, those receiving these agents were no less likely to be administered opioids than those who did not. Older adults administered benzodiazepines in the ED were substantially more likely to be diagnosed with delirium in the ED.
Structural Validity and Reliability of Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener–Student Rating Scale Scores: A Replication Study:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of scores from the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener–Student...
CHAPTER 3 – Stochastic Independence

Publisher Summary One of the most frequently used properties in probability theory is that of independence. This chapter discusses the stochastic independence and its properties. The assumption of independence is strong and yields strong results. One of the strongest results obtained from independence is a theorem by A. N. Kolmogorov, referred to as the zero-one law. The chapter presents a proof for the zero-one law and Borel–Cantelli lemma. The chapter describes and characterizes independence of random variables and deduces special properties. The random variables are independent if and only if those of every finite subset are independent. The random variables are independent if and only if the classes of events are independent. Characteristic functions become useful when the distribution function of a sum of independent random variables is to be found. A useful tool for studying sums of independent random variables is the concentration function. The concentration function shows the extent of concentration of the probability measure on the line. If two independent random variables are added, the spread of probability mass of their distribution extends over a wider range.
From left behind to leader: gender, agency, and food sovereignty in China

Capitalist reforms usually drive outmigration of peasants to cities, while elders, children, and women responsible for their care are “left behind” in the countryside. The plight of these “left behind” populations is a major focus of recent agrarian studies in China. However, rural women are not merely passive victims of these transformations. Building on ethnographic research in Guangxi and Henan provinces from 2013 to 2017, and drawing on critical gender studies and feminist political ecology, I show how the food safety crisis in China creates conditions for peasant women to increase control and income from organic food production, often establishing alternative food networks with the support of female scholars and NGO organizers. Thus, I shift focus of scholarship on rural women from “left behind” to leaders in struggles for justice and food sovereignty.
The prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of mobile health applications ownership among cancer survivors.

e24046Background: The transition of cancer patients from patients to survivors is challenging. Cancer survivors often experience chronic physical, social and mental health needs which remain largel...