cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Qualification of Hardware to Enhance The Mission Assurance of JPL/NASA Projects

Packaging Qualification and Verification (PQV) and life testing of advanced electronic packaging, mechanical assemblies (motors/actuators), and interconnect technologies (flip-chip), platinum temperature thermometer attachment processes, and various other types of hardware for Mars Exploration Rover (MER)/Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), and JUNO flight projects was performed to enhance the mission assurance. The qualification of hardware under extreme cold to hot temperatures was performed with reference to various project requirements. The flight like packages, assemblies, test coupons, and subassemblies were selected for the study to survive three times the total number of expected temperature cycles resulting from all environmental and operational exposures occurring over the life of the flight hardware including all relevant manufacturing, ground operations, and mission phases. Qualification/life testing was performed by subjecting flight-like qualification hardware to the environmental temperature extremes and assessing any structural failures, mechanical failures or degradation in electrical performance due to either overstress or thermal cycle fatigue. Experimental flight qualification test results will be described in this presentation.
Estrogens reduce bone loss in the ovariectomized, lactating rat model.

Abstract Estrogen treatment of ovariectomized, lactating rats improved retention of bone mineral mass by 15–25% compared to ovariectomized, lactating rats receiving vehicle only. On the second day postpartum all lactating rats were ovariectomized and were placed along with age-matched non-mated controls on a whole-wheat flour-based diet with 0.1% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus. On day 6 postpartum estrogen treatment was begun with either implantation of a slow-release 17β-estradiol pellet or with the first of daily subcutaneous injections in sesame oil (vehicle). Increasing doses of estrogen resulted in decreased food consumption and decreased litter weight gain, both well-known effects of estrogens. Ovariectomized, lactating rats implanted with a slow-release pellet containing 0.35 mg 17β-estradiol had mean serum estradiol levels of 113.5 pg/ml. At the end of 21 days of lactation, femurs of dams with placebo pellets showed loss of 54% of bone ash weight compared with the non-mated controls versus only 42% loss by rats receiving estradiol treatment. Rats were also injected with estradiol benzoate in a sesame oil vehicle at 3 dose levels of 1.6, 5, or 16μg/day. Only the 5 and 16μg/day doses significantly improved retention of bone mineral mass during lactation (+17% and +18%, respectively, vs vehicle-injected, lactating rats). Estrone administered by subcutaneous injection also improved retention of bone during lactation; however, injection of 50μg/day of estrone was required to produce an equivalent bone retention compared to 5 μg/day of estradiol. Thus, treatment of ovariectomized, lactating rats with estrogens results in a significant reduction of the loss of bone mineral mass associated with lactation.
Mass Spectroscopic Observation of [N3O]+

We have observed a cation with atomic composition [N3O]+ via time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. This cation was observed in the reaction products of detonated liquid nitromethane. The same 58 amu species was observed when protonated, deuterated, and 13C-labeled nitromethane were detonated; therefore, the only possible atomic composition of the cation is [N3O]+. The existence of a metastable form of [N3O]+ has current interest since this cation is isoelectronic with electrically neutral N4. There is interest in the metastability of N4 structures because such species would have very high energy content and would be very powerful explosives and propellants. We present evidence that the [N3O]+ structure we observe is chemically bound. The results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations at various levels of theory are presented for three [N3O]+ structures. These calculations indicate that two of the structures are metastable and have high energy content; calculated vibrational frequencies are presented for t...
DNA image cytometry of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract The distinction between the keratoacanthoma (KA) and the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can sometimes be difficult on the basis of histologic and clinical criteria. The possible diagnostic significance of DNA ploidy initiated the present study evaluating the DNA ploidy in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 7 KA and 15 SCC, and fresh frozen tissue touch preparations of 15 of the same cases using the CAS 200 Image Analyzer. In paraffin-embedded tissue sections the main peak DNA index was based on normal epidermis, and ranged from 1.03 to 1.59 in KA and from 1.47–2.71 in SCC. The DNA Index (DI) discriminated KA from SCC in 17 of 22 cases (p
Atmospheric boundary-layer simulation for the built environment: Past, present and future

Abstract This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art techniques used to simulate hurricane winds in atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) for wind engineering testing. The wind tunnel simulation concept is presented along with its potential applications, advantages and challenges. ABL simulation at open-jet simulators is presented along with an application example followed by a discussion on the advantages and challenges of testing at these facilities. Some of the challenges and advantages of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are presented with an application example. The paper show that the way the wind can be simulated is complex and matching one parameter at full-scale may lead to a mismatch of other parameters. For instance, while large-scale testing is expected to improve Reynolds number and hence approach the full-scale scenario, it is challenging to generate large-scale turbulence in an artificially created wind. New testing protocols for low-rise structures and small-size architectural features are presented as an answer to challenging questions associated with both wind tunnel and open-jet testing. Results show that it is the testing protocol that can be adapted to enhance the prediction of full-scale physics in nature. Thinking out of the box and accepting non-traditional ABL is necessary to compensate for Reynolds effects and to allow for convenient experimentation. New research directions with focus on wind, rain and waves as well as other types of non-synoptic winds are needed, in addition to a more focus on the flow physics in the lower part of the ABL, where the major part of the infrastructure exists.
Combined tag tracking and strain reconstruction from tagged cardiac MR images without user-defined myocardial contours.

Purpose To develop an unsupervised method for measuring quantitative three-dimensional regional strain in the left ventricular wall from tagged cardiac MR images. Materials and Methods A total of 10 normal human volunteers and eight patients with myocardial infarction were imaged using a parallel tagged imaging protocol. Each study was analyzed using the combined tag tracking and strain reconstruction (COTTER) algorithm. In contrast to existing techniques, which first track tag lines independently in each slice, then reconstruct myocardial deformation, the COTTER algorithm fits a three-dimensional cardiac deformation model directly to the image data. This approach ensures that tag line positions identified in the image data are consistent from slice to slice. A total of 10 imaging studies (six normals, four patients) were used to optimize parameters of the COTTER algorithm. Results In the remaining eight imaging studies, the root-mean-square difference between tags tracked by COTTER and user-supervised analysis was 0.66 pixels at end-systole. The correlation coefficient between circumferential shortening strains at end-systole computed by COTTER and user-supervised analysis was 0.84 (P < 0.005) at the midwall. Conclusion The COTTER algorithm can compute accurate measurements of three-dimensional regional strain without user supervision. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:12–22. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Characteristics and Impact of a Hospitalist-staffed Post-discharge Clinic

Abstract Background Limited primary care access and care discontinuities hamper care for patients following hospital discharge. As the proportion of inpatient care delivered by hospitalists continues to increase, hybrid models that incorporate hospitalists in post-discharge care may ameliorate this problem. Methods We established a post-discharge clinic staffed by hospitalists in a large academic urban primary care practice in October 2009. We compared visits of recently hospitalized patients seen in the post-discharge clinic with post-discharge visits elsewhere in the practice, including patient demographics, health care utilization, and duration from discharge, using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated hospitalizations. Results Patients seen in the post-discharge clinic and elsewhere in the practice were generally similar, although patients seen in the post-discharge clinic were particularly likely to be black and receive primary care from residents. Relative to other patients seen following discharge, patients in the post-discharge clinic were seen 8.45 ± 0.43 days earlier ( P Conclusion In this primary care practice, a hospitalist-staffed post-discharge clinic was associated with substantially shorter time to first post-hospitalization visit and with improvement in the overall likelihood of an early visit among all hospitalized patients. It was particularly used by black patients and those seen by residents, in whom access tends to be most fragmented, and may represent a novel approach to the problem of post-discharge care.
Finite Element Modeling of Burnishing and the Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Integrity of Orthopedic Implants

Hydrostatic burnishing is mainly a ceramic ball supported by a pressurized cushion of hydraulic oil and pushed against the workpiece surface. As the ball rolls along the surface it produces a unique combination of three physical effects in the surface layer: i) work hardening and increased hardness, ii) burnishing and decreased roughness, and iii) increased compressive residual stresses. This process has gained an increasingly great attention in automotive, aerospace, and especially medical device manufacturing industries. However, most of the research in hydrostatic burnishing has been performed experimentally and there is still lack of numerical studies providing fundamental understanding of the mechanics and the way process parameters interact with surface integrity characteristics particularly surface roughness and residual stresses. Understanding the correlation between process parameters and surface integrity is critical in efficiently adjusting the surface integrity in order to achieve proper biodegradation rate in human body after implantation. In this study, the dynamic mechanical behavior of the material is simulated using internal state variable (ISV) plasticity model. A semi-infinite, two-dimensional, plane strain FE model is developed and the ISV material model is incorporated into it using a user defined material subroutine. The effects of burnishing pressure and feed on surface roughness and residual stresses are investigated. The simulation results are validated with experimental measurements of residual stresses and surface roughness.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
PERFORMANCE OF A WILLOW-FEEDING BEETLE, CHRYSOMELA KNABI BROWN, AS AFFECTED BY HOST SPECIES AND DIETARY MOISTURE

Larval performance and adult size of Chrysomela knabi Brown varied with host quality and species. Beetles reared on a low moisture diet of Salix humilis Marsh. or a novel host, S . nigra Marsh., showed reduced growth rates, survival, and adult size compared with performance on the local host, S . humilis , at high moisture. For all performance variables, beetles were least successful on the novel host. Development (hatch to pupation) was 1.2 and 3.9 days faster on the high moisture diet than on the low moisture diet or novel host, respectively. Survival (hatch to pupation) was 8 and 20% higher on the local host (high moisture) than on the low moisture diet and novel host, respectively. Weight and elytral length of newly eclosed adults showed these same trends.
Intravitreal Injection Technique

As the intravitreal injection of therapeutic medication plays an increasingly large role in ophthalmology, its implementation continues to be modified and refined. Variations in injection technique are discussed, and the authors combine their clinical and research experience with a review of the literature to propose a recommended intravitreal injection protocol.
Victim Advocates’ Perceptions of Legal Work:

Past scholarship has weighed the risks and rewards of legal remedies for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. Missing from this debate, however, is an analysis of the social incentives for victim advocates to offer legal options to their clients. Preliminary findings show that victim advocates perceive that outsiders respect legal work more than their care work with clients (listening, caring, and empathizing). This study offers three explanations for this phenomenon: (1) the devaluation of women’s care work in general, (2) the confidentiality constraints on communicating the value of their care work, and (3) popular assumptions that care work requires professional credentials in order to be legitimate.
Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole attenuates acute lung injury in an ovine model

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a major role in acute lung injury (ALI) after smoke inhalation. In the present study, we developed an ovine sepsis model, created by exposing sheep to smoke...
Dynamic Procedure for Short-Term Prediction of Traffic Conditions

Many existing models for forecasting traffic conditions are based on traffic flows. Field data are used here to show that these traffic conditions may not fluctuate from day to day in the same manner as does the traffic flow. Consequently, flow data are inappropriate for predicting traffic conditions because the same flow level may correspond to either a congested or a free-flow traffic state, a phenomenon that can be easily explained with the flow-density relationship. Occupancy, which is proportional to density, is a better indicator of traffic condition. A simple dynamic model based on occupancy data is proposed. The model utilizes occupancy and occupancy increments in an integrated way and treats them as two random variables represented by two normal distribution functions. It is shown that flow data, which are more stable than occupancy data, can be used indirectly to improve the performance of the proposed model. Self- and cross-validation efforts are made to examine the performance of the model. The results are promising. The expected absolute deviance for predicted occupancy (ranging from 0 to 100%) is about 1.25%, which is accurate enough for most applications. The model requires little effort in calibration and computation and is exceedingly simple to implement in the field.
Experimental Investigations of High Voltage Pulsed Pseudospark Discharge and Intense Electron Beams

10 -10 11 A/s current rising rate. The pseudospark device is also a simply-constructed source for intense electron beam with high energy. The presented experimental investigation is focused on the discharge properties of pseudospark and the plasma-produced electron beam characteristics for current and potential applications in aerospace problems. The discharge property results show the presented pseudospark device has the hold-off voltages up to 26 kV and discharge current of 2 kA with current rising rate of 1× 10 11 A/sec. And the comparative study on various discharge configurations show the capability of pseudospark device to hold voltage and high current generation in short pulse can be further improved by the device geometric configuration, leading to higher pulsed load drive capability. The intense electron beam obtained from the multi-gap pseudospark device has a current up to 132.2 A, and electron number is varied from 4×10 15 to 2×10 16 in the presented operation voltage range obtained from 10s of cm 3 charged particle channel. The energy analysis on this pseudospark-produced electron beam displays the "double-hump" non-Maxwellian energy distribution. The maximum energy peak value varies from 900 eV to 6.3 keV under 4 kV to 12 kV discharge voltage. Specifically, comparison of the beam parameters obtained from pseudospark device and the electron beam requirement for a MHD channel indicates pseudospark is a promising electron source.
Characterization of High-Frequency High-Current Reverse Blocking Triode Thyristors for Trapezoidal Current Waveforms

The switch-on and switch-off losses of reverse blocking triode thyristors, commonly called SCRs, cannot be neglected when operated at high repetition rates and high rise of on-state current di/dt. One way to show these effects on the device rating is to plot peak allowable on-state current versus di/dt, with repetition rate, case temperature, and duty cycle as the parameters. To help the user select a suitable heat sink, a second set of curves should be presented showing the energy dissipated by the device as functions of peak on-state current, di/dt, and pulse width.
Asymmetric Suppression Outside the Classical Receptive Field of the Visual Cortex

Areas beyond the classical receptive field (CRF) can modulate responses of the majority of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat (). Although general characteristics of this phenomenon have been reported previously, little is known about the detailed spatial organization of the surrounds. Previous work suggests that the surrounds may be uniform regions that encircle the CRF or may be limited to the "ends" of the CRF. We have examined the spatial organization of surrounds of single-cell receptive fields in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized, paralyzed cats. The CRF was stimulated with an optimal drifting grating, whereas the surround was probed with a second small grating patch placed at discrete locations around the CRF. For most cells that exhibit suppression, the surrounds are spatially asymmetric, such that the suppression originates from a localized region. We find a variety of suppressive zone locations, but there is a slight bias for suppression to occur at the end zones of the CRF. The spatial pattern of suppression is independent of the parameters of the suppressive stimulus used, although the effect is clearest with iso-oriented surround stimuli. A subset of cells exhibit axially symmetric or uniform surround fields. These results demonstrate that the surrounds are more specific than previously realized, and this specialization has implications for the processing of visual information in the primary visual cortex. One possibility is that these localized surrounds may provide a substrate for figure-ground segmentation of visual scenes.
Obsessive Relational Intrusion and Sexual Coercion Victimization

A study was conducted to identify the extent to which people self-identified as victimized by obsessive relational intrusion are also victimized by sexual coercion by a given relational partner. Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which they had experienced any 1 of 23 clusters of obsessive relationally intrusive activities, to focus on the worst relationship in which such behaviors were experienced, and indicate the extent to which that same person had engaged in any of 36 sexually coercive activities. Results indicate that obsessive relational intrusion and sexual coercion tend to co-occur in relationships, and that both are unique and relatively equivalent predictors of psychological symptoms, accounting for extensive variance in general distress, sense of loss, and resilience symptoms. Implications are discussed for developing more predictive models of the factors sustaining intrusive relationships.
Oral rabies vaccination of a northern Ohio raccoon population: relevance of population density and prebait serology.

Ohio's oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program was established to prevent the westward spread of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies virus (Lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae) in Ohio, USA. The program, which targets raccoons, distributes vaccine-bait units (VBU) at a target density of 75 units/km2. Few studies have examined the relationship of VBU density and target population density to the prevalence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). We conducted experimental VBU distributions in August 2003 and August 2004, 150 km west of the ORV zone where there was no history of raccoon rabies. We measured change in RVNA titers in blood collected from live-trapped raccoons before and after VBU distributions. A closed population mark–recapture estimate of the size of the target population was 91 raccoons/km2, compared to the realized VBU distribution density of 70 units/km2. Surprisingly, 41% of 37 serum samples were RVNA-positive (≥0.05 IU/ml) before VBU distribution in 2003, but all titers were <0.25 IU/ml. Altho...
Convection driven by sedimentation using molecular dynamics approach

In the paper, molecular dynamics approach for simulation of the Ralyeigh-Taylor instability is presented. Convection driven by sedimentation phenomenon is taken as an example. Results of simulation using 2*105 particles are presented and discussed.
Blind adaptive equalization of OFDM transmission with insufficient cyclic prefix

We create a new blind equalization method with both batch and adaptive algorithms developed for OFDM systems with insufficient cyclic prefix. Special correlation property of cyclic prefix is exploited for constraint estimation. Then constrained minimum-output-energy (MOE) optimization is applied for blind equalizer estimation. Using shorter cyclic prefix, we can either reduce block size for low complexity or enhance bandwidth efficiency. Simulations demonstrate their superior performance.
A Guide for the Estimation of Gender and Sexual Orientation Effects in Dyadic Data: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Approach

The study of gender differences is a pervasive topic in relationship science. However, there are several neglected issues in this area that require special care and attention. First, there is not just one gender effect but rather three gender effects: gender of the respondent, gender of the partner, and the gender of respondent by gender of the partner interaction. To separate these three effects, the dyadic research design should ideally have three different types of dyads: male-female, male-male, and female-female. Second, the analysis of gender differences in relational studies could benefit from the application of recent advances in the analysis of dyadic data, most notably the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Third, relationship researchers need to consider the confounding, mediating, and moderating effects of demographic variables. We use the American Couples (Blumstein & Schwartz, 1983) data set to illustrate these points.
Contextual Influences and Response to Intervention: Critical Issues and Strategies

Amy L. Reschly, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology at the University of Georgia. reschly@uga.edu Melissa Coolong-Chaffin, EdS, is a doctoral student in Educational (School) Psychology at the University of Minnesota. cool0044@umn.edu Sandra L. Christenson, PhD, is Professor of Educational (School) Psychology at the University of Minnesota. chris002@umn.edu Terry B. Gutkin, PhD, is Professor of Counseling, San Francisco State University. tgutkin@sfsu.edu
Serving Undocumented Students: Current Law and Policy.

The legal rights and privileges afforded undocumented students in the United States vary by state. It is important that student affairs professionals understand the laws and policies that shape the personal and academic experiences of undocumented students on their campus to meet their unique needs.
Modifying the Distribution of Attention in Infants.

In three experiments, the distribution and malleability of infant visual attention were studied in 5-month-olds (N = 72) while they inspected large geometric designs. In Experiment 1, we established that infants maintained their distribution of attention from a pretest to a familiarization phase. We also replicated and extended our previous findings that infants who examined targets with briefer, more numerous looks and shifts-short lookers-had novelty scores above chance, whereas long lookers demonstrated chance responding. In Experiment 2, different portions of the display were successively illuminated with red light. This manipulation induced long lookers to scan like short lookers during familiarization; they then showed novelty scores well above chance. A third experiment ruled out the simple presence of a red light as the source of this effect. In sum, then, these results suggest that the distribution of attention is malleable, and that a broader distribution of attention, as reflected in briefer and more numerous looks and shifts, can improve processing.
Geology of the Side Crater of the Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Abstract The summit cone of the Erebus volcano contains two craters. The Main crater is roughly circular (∼ 500 m diameter) and contains an active persistent phonolite lava lake ∼ 200 m below the summit rim. The Side Crater is adjacent to the southwestern rim of the Main Crater. It is a smaller spoon-shaped Crater (250–350 m diameter, 50–100 m deep) and is inactive. The floor of the Side Crater is covered by snow/ice, volcanic colluvium or weakly developed volcanic soil in geothermal areas (a.k.a. warm ground). But in several places the walls of the Side Crater provide extensive vertical exposure of rock which offers an insight into the recent eruptive history of Erebus. The deposits consist of lava flows with subordinate volcanoclastic lithologies. Four lithostratigraphic units are described: SC 1 is a compound lava with complex internal flow fabrics; SC 2 consists of interbedded vitric lavas, autoclastic and pyroclastic breccias; SC 3 is a thick sequence of thin lavas with minor autoclastic breccias; SC 4 is a pyroclastic fall deposit containing large scoriaceous lava bombs in a matrix composed primarily of juvenile lapilli-sized pyroclasts. Ash-sized pyroclasts from SC 4 consist of two morphologic types, spongy and blocky, indicating a mixed strombolian-phreatomagmatic origin. All of the deposits are phonolitic and contain anorthoclase feldspar. The stratigraphy and morphology of the Side Crater provides a record of recent volcanic activity at the Erebus volcano and is divided into four stages. Stage I is the building of the main summit cone and eruption of lavas (SC 1 and SC 3) from Main Crater vent(s). A secondary cone was built during Stage II by effusive and explosive activity (SC 2) from the Side Crater vent. A mixed strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruption (SC 4) delimits Stage III. The final stage (IV) represents a period of erosion and enlargement of the Side Crater.
Colocalization of Tenascin and Sympathetic Nerves in a Canine Model of Nerve Sprouting and Sudden Cardiac Death

Tenascin and Cardiac Nerve Sprouting. Introduction: Sympathetic nerve sprouting after myocardial infarction (MI) may contribute significantly to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Tenascin-X (TnX), a matrix protein known to be associated with nerve growth in central and peripheral nerves, also may play a role in cardiac nerve sprouting after MI. Methods and Results: Immunocytochemical staining techniques were used to identify nerves in 5-μm serial sections from 6 normal dogs and 11 dogs with MI. Among the dogs with MI, 4 also received nerve growth factor infusion to the left stellate ganglion. The time between MI to tissue harvest averaged 35.7 ± 14.4 days. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) stain was used to identify sympathetic nerves, and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) was used to identify growing nerves. Polyclonal antibody was obtained for use in identifying TnX. Nerves were evident in both the infarcted and noninfarcted areas. Many nerves were found around blood vessels. A total of 181 nerves in 69 slides were examined: 89 were from noninfarcted myocardium, 4 from infarct, 13 from infarct horder zone, and 75 from perivascular regions. Except in normal dogs, all nerves stained positive for TH also stained positive for GAP-43, indicating sympathetic nerve sprouting after MI. In all dogs, the nerves that stained positive for TH also stained positive for TnX. Conclusion: There is a colocalization of TnX, GAP-43, and TH in sprouted cardiac nerves. These results suggest that TnX is important not only in the existing normal myocardial nerve cells but also in cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting after MI.
Snack Foods: Role in Diet

Food by definition consists of protein, carbohydrate, and fat used by the body to sustain growth, maintain, and support vital processes. Snack foods are considered healthy if they have less fats and less salt. Snacks, as they become part of regular meal, have a major role in everyday diet. Snacks that have no nutritional value are considered as junk. Consumption of these unhealthy snacks can result in obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Research data have discovered that junk snack food is one of the prime reasons for obesity among people in developed countries. There is growing awareness among consumers in the developed countries to eat healthier and more natural snacks. Among the different food processing technologies, extrusion is a versatile technology that can be used for making healthier snacks. Extrusion cooking helps to reduce the antinutritional factors in food, increases the nutritional stability, and creates new products using traditional and novel ingredients. Extrusion system helps to develop third-generation snacks that are nutrient-rich and result in a product with long shelf life and high bulk density and can be transported long distances more cost-effectively. These extruded products can be consumed by frying, microwaving, or hot-air frying. Currently, snack industries are using enrichment and fortification methods that improve the nutritive value and are also focusing on using salt replacements and mono- and polyunsaturated fats to create healthier snacks. Many health agencies are recommending to the consumer to eat healthier snacks that are more plenty in fruits and vegetables.
Exploring the Impact of Situational Background, Emotional, and Job Search Variables on Coping With Unemployment by Drinking Versus Considering Self-Employment

A diverse sample of unemployed respondents completed an online survey investigating the impact of situational background, emotional and job search-related variables, and beyond controlled-for variables on two new coping with unemployment outcomes, coping by drinking, or coping by considering self-employment. The authors were able to reliably measure both types of coping outcomes. For coping by drinking the authors found that having a higher base salary when laid off, greater denial of job loss, lower positive self-assessment, and lower job search confidence led to higher coping by drinking. For coping by becoming self-employed the authors found that being unemployed longer, having a higher base salary when laid off, greater financial strain, and higher job search confidence led to higher coping by considering self-employment. These results have implications for Employee Assistance Programs.
Towards an Explanation of the Recent Increase in Drug-Related Mortality

The mortality rate due to illegal drug use has increased substantially in recent years, and the forces underlying this trend are unknown. In this paper, we conduct a mixed-method study to start an investigation into the underlying causes. In the quantitative analysis, we examine the trend in detail for people aged 25–64 years old using U.S. Vital Statistics and mortality information from Denver, Colorado. In the qualitative analysis, we generate hypotheses for the trend with interviews of first responders in Denver, including paramedics, police, emergency room physicians, and staff at the Medical Examiner’s Office. The quantitative analysis: (a) confirms that the national drug-related mortality is increasing; (b) demonstrates that the trend is present across a wide range of drugs and is not specific to either cocaine, opioids, or stimulants; and (c) is concentrated among decedents with low education. This national pattern is mirrored in Denver. The qualitative interviews of first responders highlight four promising hypotheses to explain the quantitative pattern of results: (a) the increase in the number of released inmates in the general population; (b) the aging of the baby boom cohort; (c) the increase in polydrug use; and (d) an increase in the availability of prescription drugs. Future research is warranted to assess the relative plausibility of these four explanations, and develop information to inform policy and interventions to counteract the rise of drug-related mortality.
Making sense of unpleasantness: evaluationism and shooting the messenger

Unpleasant sensations possess a unique ability to make certain aversive actions seem reasonable to us. But what is it about these experiences that give them that ability? According to some recent evaluationist accounts, it is their representational content: unpleasant sensations represent a certain event as bad for one. Unfortunately evaluationism seems unable to make sense of our aversive behavior to the sensations themselves, for it appears to entail that taking a painkiller is akin to shooting the messenger, and is every bit as unreasonable. In this paper I distinguish two versions of the shooting-the-messenger challenge: First, how do we account for the badness of unpleasant sensation? And second, how do we account for our access to that badness? I suggest plausible responses to the first question, but I also argue that the seriousness of the second has not been appreciated. I then propose a solution to the second: when we introspect our pains we also turn our emotional distress inwards, enabling them to represent our pains as bad.
The hybrid tracheoesophageal puncture procedure: indications and outcomes.

Objectives:This report aimed to describe a novel and efficient method of tracheoesophageal puncture using a hybrid device assembled from 2 commercially available puncture kits; to demonstrate the u...
Assessing the criminal responsibility of individuals with multiple personality disorder: legal cases, legal theory

This article discusses the criminal responsibility of individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder (MPD). First, it reviews how courts understand and assess criminal responsibility. Second, it gives an overview of how courts have applied the doctrine of criminal responsibility to individuals with MPD. Third, it explains what legal theorists say about this question. Finally, it uses a case example to illustrate how various theorists would assess the responsibility of a criminal defendant with MPD.
En Bloc Resection of a Giant Cell Tumor in the Sacrum via a Posterior-Only Approach Without Nerve Root Sacrifice: Technical Case Report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare primary bone neoplasms. The best long-term prognosis is achieved via complete tumor excision, but this feat is challenging in the spine due to proximity of blood vessels and nervous tissue. When occurring in the sacrum, GCTs have been removed in an en bloc fashion via combined anterior/posterior approaches, oftentimes with nerve root sacrifice. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a single-staged, posterior-only approach for en bloc resection of a sacral GCT without nerve root sacrifice.
The US Privacy Strategy

The hopes of privacy advocates that US president Barack Obama would implement digital privacy reforms have been largely dashed by revelations of extensive US government surveillance. Such revelations have added an acute sense of urgency among ordinary people to the debate over privacy, surveillance, and technology. Unfortunately, despite the existence of innovative cryptographic techniques to protect privacy, US policymakers have so far not taken advantage of them to enable signals intelligence collection in more privacy-protective ways. The problem is not limited to controversial surveillance programs. A once-promising US strategy for online identity, the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC), may also fall short on privacy because of a failure to use available privacy-protecting tools. There is no excuse of such ignorance of the cryptographic state of the art. There is a critical need for greater awareness of privacy-enhancing technologies among policymakers.
Preclinical Safety of Baxter's Recombinant Factor VIIa

Abstract Abstract 1417 Baxter has developed a recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) product for the treatment of patients with hemophilia A and hemophilia B with inhibitors. Baxter's new rFVIIa is produced by a genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in a cell culture medium free from any animal or human proteins. The objective of this preclinical study-program was to evaluate the safety of Baxter's rFVIIa in different species. To assess the anaphylactoid and thrombogenic potential of rFVIIa and its effects on blood pressure, cardiac and respiratory function, and the coagulation system the preclinical program included studies in established models of safety pharmacology in telemetered cynomolgus monkeys, rabbits, normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats, and guinea pigs. Furthermore, studies on single and repeated dose toxicity (hemophilia A mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey), local tolerance (rabbit), and comparative immunogenicity (mouse) were conducted. Commercially available licensed rFVIIa served as active reference item. Treatment with rFVIIa did not result in any anaphylactoid reaction, and had no adverse effect on the cardiovascular or respiratory system or on hematology parameters. Thrombogenicity studies showed no greater thrombogenic potential of Baxter's rFVIIa than the commercially available rFVIIa product. Single dose toxicity studies in mice, and repeated administration of Baxter's rFVIIa in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, administered at doses of 2.7 mg/kg, confirmed the safety of the new product. As expected, due to the pharmacological action of rFVIIa, high doses of either recombinant FVIIa product resulted in exaggerated pharmacological effects leading to thrombus formation in some organs, which are well- known effects for this class of compound. Furthermore, Baxter's rFVIIa was well tolerated at the injection site after intravenous injection. Results obtained in comparative immunogenicity studies demonstrate that Baxter's new rFVIIa and the commercially available rFVIIa product have a similar immunogenicity profile. In summary, Baxter's rFVIIa has a safety profile that supports the evidence necessary for proceeding with human trials. Disclosures: Dietrich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Kubik: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Auer: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Reipert: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Horling: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Muchitsch: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
NiyanTron — An approach to develop a control system app for data center cooling

This study addresses a Data Center Cooling Control System App designed and developed to make the existing technology modular and economical. The project has been carried out using standard lab equipment and software. The emphasis of the study is on conditioning the outside air by using the cooling systems that aren't energy intensive and hence reduce the overall cost of operation. The paper also discusses the results, cost analysis and future scope while implementing this niche technology. The app is titled ‘NiyanTron’, a portmanteau of the Hindi word Niyantran meaning control and elecTRONic, as the app is an electronic control system. The study was carried out for environmental conditions in four cities — Albuquerque, NM, Dallas, TX, Chicago, IL and Tucson, AZ. The weather information from the four regions was used as the preliminary data to run the control system and show the versatility of the app. The modes Economizer and Return Air cooling have been used for Chicago and Dallas. Tucson and Albuquerque have Direct Evaporative Cooling and Economizer mode. Further, the use of Glassdek and Celdek media has been compared.
Using Planktonic Foraminifera as Monitors of the Tropical Surface Ocean

The thermocline is a dynamic feature of tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans that responds to, as well as influences, wind-driven circulation and tropical climatic conditions. Methods for reconstructing the thermocline can be applied to understanding changes in tropical winds, the interactions between tropical climate and extratropical conditions, mechanisms for sea surface temperature change, and the role of the tropics in global climate change. Here, we review methods that employ depth stratified planktonic foraminifera to estimate thermocline depth in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The first method uses transfer functions to relate foraminifera assemblages to thermocline depth. The second method uses oxygen isotopic measurements of species that calcify at different depths in the water column to estimate changes in thermocline depth. These methods are used to reconstruct the thermocline depth across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In the tropical Pacific, the thermocline was deeper in the west, and shallower in the central equatorial Pacific, resulting in a more steeply dipping cross-basinal tilt, possibly indicating that Walker circulation was enhanced during the LGM. In the tropical Atlantic, the thermocline was shallower across the northern region, deeper across the basin just north of the equator, and more steeply dipping on the equator and across the southern region. These patterns indicate stronger northeasterly and southeasterly trades during the LGM. Sea surface temperature (SST) was estimated for one location in the western tropical Atlantic using oxygen isotopic data on populations of single foraminifera shells. There was higher SST seasonality and 2–3°C cooler average SST in the LGM relative to today. Cooler northwest SSTs in the Atlantic could be explained by enhanced mixing of cool thermocline waters into the mixed layer.
Analytical Design Methodology for Liquid Based Cooling Solution for High TDP CPUs

With the continuous increasing demands of high performance processors in Machine Learning (ML) and high performance computing (HPC) market segment, the CPU power dissipation is dramatically growing due to the increasing core count/frequency, the complexity of MCP(multi-chip package) structure and etc. The Thermal Design Power (TDP) of Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi Processor is increasing from generation by generation. As a result, the adoption of the advanced cooling technology, such as liquid cooling solution, is considered which can provide better cooling capability compared with traditional air cooling in engineering application. This paper introduces a unique thermal analysis and design methodology for liquid cooling solution which can be used for Liquid Assisted Air Cooling (LAAC) and also for rack liquid cooling systems. In the paper, the detailed design parameters including the thermal resistance network of liquid cooling, the performance curve of pump, air/liquid to liquid heat exchanger (HEX) and liquid temperature limitations are discussed to frame the design methodology. Finally, a case study with simulation and thermal test data are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the methodology proposed in this paper with a half width 1U form factor server system.
Effects of fermentation on the carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Chinook salmon

Abstract Fermentation is seldom considered in paleodietary analyses of Arctic and Subarctic peoples despite its ubiquitous traditional use as a cooking technique in high latitudes. Further, chemists have yet to assess the potential isotopic effects of fermentation on animal tissues, though isotopic research has documented measurable isotopic effects associated with other cooking techniques such as stewing and boiling. To measure the effects of fermentation on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, muscle tissues from 11 central Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were fermented following ethnographic methods. The results of this experiment demonstrate statistically significant isotopic differences in both carbon (−1.5‰) and nitrogen (+1.3‰) values taken from fermented muscle tissues compared to raw muscle tissues. Additionally, this study found a significant physiological fractionation effect between bone collagen and raw muscle (+3.3‰) consistent with previous research on Pacific salmon. In contrast to previous research, however, these tissues' nitrogen values show no significant fractionation. These findings have implications for central Alaskan dietary reconstructions, residue analyses, and our understanding of past subsistence practices in the Arctic and Subarctic.
Development of Gelatin and Graphene-Based Nerve Regeneration Conduits Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Strategies for Electrical Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

In this study, gelatin and graphene-based nerve regeneration conduits/scaffolds possessing tailored three-dimensional (3D) microstructures and mechanical properties were fabricated using 3D printin...
Mapping the populations of neurotensin neurons in the male mouse brain

Neurotensin (Nts) is a neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of many facets of physiology, including cardiovascular tone, pain processing, ingestive behaviors, locomotor drive, sleep, addiction and social behaviors. Yet, there is incomplete understanding about how the various populations of Nts neurons distributed throughout the brain mediate such physiology. This knowledge gap largely stemmed from the inability to simultaneously identify Nts cell bodies and manipulate them in vivo. One means of overcoming this obstacle is to study NtsCre mice crossed onto a Cre-inducible green fluorescent reporter line (NtsCre;GFP mice), as these mice permit both visualization and in vivo modulation of specific populations of Nts neurons (using Cre-inducible viral and genetic tools) to reveal their function. Here we provide a comprehensive characterization of the distribution and relative densities of the Nts-GFP populations observed throughout the male NtsCre;GFP mouse brain, which will pave the way for future work to define their physiologic roles. We also compared the distribution of Nts-GFP neurons with Nts-In situ Hybridization (Nts-ISH) data from the adult mouse brain. By comparing these data sets we can distinguish Nts-GFP populations that may only transiently express Nts during development but not in the mature brain, and hence which populations may not be amenable to Cre-mediated manipulation in adult NtsCre;GFP mice. This atlas of Nts-GFP neurons will facilitate future studies using the NtsCre;GFP line to describe the physiological functions of individual Nts populations and how modulating them may be useful to treat disease.