cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conservative Treatment of Peroneal Tendon Injuries: Immobilization/Bracing/Orthotics

Conservative treatment for peroneal tendon injuries may include orthoses that immobilize and/or limit motion of the foot and/or ankle by utilizing a variety of bracing techniques. Orthotic care offers less expensive, readily accessible devices that may be prefabricated or custom made to fit the patient. These devices can be used to delay or eliminate the need for surgery. As an added benefit, orthoses may also be used for evaluation purposes by limiting motion and allowing the patient to “feel” what post-surgical gait would entail prior to surgery. Orthotic interventions, however, may take weeks or months to fully resolve peroneal injuries especially if the health of the tendon is compromised.
Evaluating Non-fluoropolymer-based Co-extruded Backsheets Using Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing and Materials Forensics

Co-extruded, non-fluoropolymer backsheet films for photovoltaic (PV) modules have gained popularity in recent years based on their cost competitiveness. However, their viability has been thrown into question as a result of widespread, early-life field-failures of some materials, particularly the polyamide (PA)-based “AAA” backsheet product. Failure to detect weaknesses in those earlier products could be due, in part, to insufficient durability testing practices. New testing protocols have recently been developed to better evaluate such materials. Here we show the testing results for a non-fluoropolymer, co-extruded PA-based backsheet film, which demonstrates greater durability than AAA and some commercial fluoropolymers.
Do college students feel confident to consent to sex after consuming alcohol

College students engage in consensual sexual activity after consuming alcohol, perhaps because they feel confident to do so. However, why students feel confident consenting to sex after consuming a...
Perceptions of Natural Resources Use in Rwanda - A Partial Proportional Odds Model

The scarcity of natural resources is a challenge in Rwanda. Although Rwanda has improved water supplies, projections show a further increase in water demand. Particularly, agriculture continues to place further demands on water resources through intensification and industrialization. Similarly, although the dependence on biomass for cooking has improved over the past two decades in Rwanda, the ratio is still high and is projected to increase. Unfortunately, the heavy dependence on biomass is damaging to the environment in general, forests in particular. As the consumption of water and charcoal increases, it is important to study how people perceive their consumption. Research shows that people who perceive their consumption of natural resources are more likely to conserve them as they can see how much they are consuming. This study investigated perceptions of water and charcoal consumption among farmers in northern Rwanda. A survey was used to collect data from 323 farmers involved in a poultry development project in the district of Musanze, northern Rwanda. A Partial Proportional Odds Model (PPOM) was used to analyse the effect of different factors on the perception of natural resource consumption. Results indicate that the perception of charcoal consumption was associated with three variables: living in the urban section of the district, the amount of feed consumed by chicken, and elevation at which the coop is located. Results from this study can improve how food security projects are implemented by incorporating people’s perceptions of their consumption of natural resources.
Challenges and needs for automating nano image processing for material characterization

Image processing techniques are needed to extract critical information pertinent to nano material characterization but the current processing methods are slow, expensive and labor intensive. There is a strong need to develop fast and reliable methods, enabling process control compatible automated processing of nano images. The authors believe specialized techniques are needed to address the challenges, and will discuss the recent development of nano image processing methods as well as the near- and medium-terms needs in the area of nano metrology and imaging. The authors will share their broad perspectives on this research direction.
Epigenetic Regulation of Dopamine Transporter mRNA Expression in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key regulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission. As such, proper regulation of DAT expression is important to maintain homeostasis, and disruption of DAT expression can lead to neurobehavioral dysfunction. Based on genomic features within the promoter of the DAT gene, there is potential for DAT expression to be regulated through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to DAT expression has not been empirically determined. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity increased DAT mRNA approximately 1.5–2 fold. This effect was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of DNMT1. Likewise, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproate and butyrate also increased DAT mRNA expression, but the response was much more robust with expression increasing over tenfold. Genetic knockdown of HDAC1 by siRNA also increased DAT expression, but not to the extent seen with pharmacological inhibition, suggesting additional isoforms of HDAC or other targets may contribute to the observed effect. Together, these data identify the relative contribution of DNMTs and HDACs in regulating expression. These finding may aid in understanding the mechanistic basis for changes in DAT expression in normal and pathophysiological states.
Mechanical characterization of PMR-15 graphite/polyimide bolted joints

Data are presented for the static and viscoelastic performance of Celion 6000/PMR-15 graphite/polyimide composite belted joints over the 21 to 315 C temperature range. Two laminate configurations were obtained by sectioning a panel into subpanels oriented parallel and perpendicular to the laminate principal direction. Three replicates of each specimen geometry were tested at each of the test temperatures for the two laminate configurations, and failure load was defined as the maximum load attained as indicated by the load/deflection curve. Effects of strain-rate on strength and failure mode behavior were assessed at room temperature for strain rates of 0.002, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00/s, and creep behavior was examined for the case of bearing deformations at temperatures of 21 and 177 C. Results are presented, including: (1) two distinct mechanisms were responsible for bearing failure and related to laminate configuration, (2) the + or - 45 deg plies carried the shearing load in composite bolted joints, and (3) the material exhibited strain-rate sensitivity which varied with laminate configuration.
The Asymmetric Learning Trait

A paired human learning trait is described as "symmetric" if (1) It describes an aspect of human learning efficacy, (2) It has two opposite components and, (3) It is equally effective with respect to those opposites. If it is substantially different in effectiveness with respect to those opposites, it is described as "asymmetric". Hence the terms "symmetric" and "asymmetric" refer to learning efficacy with respect to the two components of the paired learning trait. Higher education has long been animated by an overriding goal of developing individuals with a talent for critical thinking; i.e., analysis. This goal undoubtedly was set without regard for the nature of the opposite component of the paired human learning trait; i.e., synthesis or design. The opposites of concern here are analysis and synthesis. The principal educational consequence of devoting virtually all resources to developing critical thinking is to fail to develop as a collateral outcome the other component of the asymmetric learning trait. What should be sought, in the interest of developing a balanced human persona is a symmetric learning trait, equally balanced between analysis and synthesis. Until that is achieved, the educational system will continue to develop future politicians and public intellectuals who operate under the illusion that they possess synthesis skills in equal proportion to their analysis skills, when no belief could be much further from the truth. The principal political consequences of failure to seek the symmetric learning trait are the promotion and foisting of dysfunctional systems upon a defenseless public.
Characterization of Lead in Soils of a Rifle/Pistol Shooting Range in Central Florida, USA

The distribution of lead in soil samples collected from both surface (0 to 10 cm) and profile (O 0 to 10 cm, E 11 to 30 cm, Eb 31 to 50 cm, Bw 51 to 100 cm, and C 181 to 200 cm) at a 14-year-old rifle/pistol shooting range located in central Florida were determined using EPA Method 3051a (microwave, HNO3/HCl=3:1, v/v). In addition to total lead analysis, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis was performed on corresponding samples to determine whether the soils would require special handling as hazardous waste if the soils were to be removed from the range. Total lead in surface soils varied from 330 to 17 850 mg Pb kg−1, with the greatest concentration in the middle of the backstop berm. The TCLP tests indicated that lead in all surface soils exceeded the 5 mg Pb L−1 critical level of federal regulation for solid wastes and hazardous wastes provided by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and would be characterized as hazardous waste. Sequential fractionation and X-ray di...
Digital processing for non-stationary narrow-band interference suppression in fading channels

The suppression of narrow-band interference has long been a concern in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) communication systems. Recently, transform domain processing (TDP) approaches have been used to suppress intentional interference. This paper extends previous work done in the area of TDP utilizing non-linear rank order filters, namely conditional median filters (CMFs). The paper confronts problems incurred in Rayleigh distributed fading channels. A solution is suggested by introducing a normalized adaptive median filter. This adaptive approach considers each received bit independently and uses a normalization metric to compensate for fading. The paper also presents bit error rates (BER) for a DS-SS receiver employing the proposed approach. Using Monte-Carlo simulations the BER of the fading channel was determined for various jammer and fading scenarios, and results are presented. >
Variable Sensitivity of Oral Isolates of Eikenella Corrodens to Serum Bactericidal Activity: Role of Antibody

Eikenella corrodens is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium which is among the predominant cultivable microflora of periodontal lesions characterized by loss of attachment level. In the present study, we examined the potential role of complement-mediated killing in host defense against this periodontopathic organism. Seven clinical isolates obtained from human subgingival plaque and one reference strain of E. corrodens were characterized with respect to (a) susceptibility to the bactericidal properties of pooled human serum and (b) the role of the classical and/or alternative pathway(s) of complement in effecting killing of sensitive strains. Six strains, including the reference strain, were found to be variably serum-sensitive, exhibiting 1-12.5% survival after two hr of incubation in the presence of 20% pooled human serum. The remaining two isolates were serum-resistant. Both serum-resistant and serum-sensitive strains consumed complement via the classical pathway in normal but not in hypog...
99m Tc-glucarate imaging for the early detection of infarct in partially reperfused canine myocardium

Purpose 99mTc-glucarate is an imaging agent developed for the detection of acutely infarcted myocardium. The purposes of the current study were to (1) determine whether 99mTc-glucarate can detect acute infarct in the setting of only partial minimal reperfusion, (2) study the persistence and time course of scan positivity following coronary occlusion and intravenous tracer injection, (3) assess the ability of 99mTc-glucarate to determine infarct size, and (4) compare these data with previous results obtained using a 100% reperfusion model.
Effects of L-tryptophan and other amino acids on electroencephalographic sleep in the rat.

Abstract Electroencephalographic sleep was quantitated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats following single injections of the methylesters of tryptophan, valine or alanine. The amino acids were administered at the onset of the daily light period (09.00 h); electrographic data were collected for the succeeding 6-h period. Saline served as the injection control, and fluoxetine, a serotonin-reuptake blocker, as a positive control. The injection of tryptophan methylester (125 mg/kg) caused a delayin rapid eye movement (REM) sleep onset, and significantly reduced the amount of REM sleep during the first 2 h postinjection. Tryptophan producedno effect on sleep onset, nor did it influence total sleep time. Fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) produced similar effects, as previously observed. The methylesters of valine and alanine were without effect on REM sleep, when injected at a molar dose equivalent to that for tryptophan. No consistent effects of any of the test substances were noted on non-REM (NREM) sleep or waking time, or on any of the other sleep indices quantitated. Together, the data indicate that tryptophan selectively reduces REM sleep; the effect is not due to a non-specific action of amino acids or their methylesters. The effect on REM sleep may be the consequence of a tryptophan-induced stimulation of 5-HT synthesis and release, since it is like that produced by fluoxetine, a drug that enhances transmission across serotonin synapses.
Performance of Non-Polarized Noise Modulated Communications System in the Presence of Interference

The noise modulated non-polarized communication system, developed by us recently, is an ultra-wideband transmitted-reference system designed for secure interferencefree communications. By using ultra-wideband random noise to spread the signal and by using polarization diversity for transmitting the spread message and the reference signal, we make the transmitted signal appear totally featureless and noise-like. However, the system may encounter intentional and non-intentional interference since its operating bandwidth is very large. This paper derives analytical models to characterize system performance in partial-band jamming channels and channels containing narrowband interference. Models compare very well with simulations and results validate successful system operation under low signal-to-interference ratio conditions. Research also reveals that the center frequency of transmitted signal must be suitably protected to prevent link outage due to the presence of cross-interference terms. Since multipath acts as self-interference for communication systems, a new method which can improve system performance in multipath environments is also introduced in this paper.
Alexis Carrel's Contributions to Thoracic Surgery

Abstract Alexis Carrel, a French surgeon, moved to America in 1904 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912. In this eight-year interval, during which Carrel worked with Charles Guthrie at the University of Chicago as well as independently at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, he made some fundamental contributions to vascular surgery, such as establishing the use of autologous veins for arterial grafts. What is less well known is that he also made major contributions to thoracic and cardiac surgery by perfecting endotracheal anesthesia, demonstrating pulmonary and esophageal resections, and doing prophetic experiments on heart valves and coronary arteries: forty years passed before these operations were performed in a clinical setting.
Strain Measurements and the Potential for a Great Subduction Earthquake Off the Coast of Washington

Geodetic measurements of deformation in northwestern Washington indicate that strain is accumulating at a rate close to that predicted by a model of the Cascadia subduction zone in which the plate interface underlying the continental slope and outer continental shelf is currently locked but the remainder of the interface slips continuously. Presumably this locked segment will eventually rupture in a great thrust earthquake with a down-dip extent greater than 100 kilometers.
The Czechs as Integrating and Disintegrating Factors in the Habsburg Empire

The topic assigned for this section offers us an alternative: integration or disintegration. There is a certain lack of reality about such an alternative. One will retrace in vain the whole story of the confrontation of Czech and Habsburg in pursuit of a genuine Czech impulse to support Habsburg aims. There were periods of peace between the two protagonists, though perhaps tolerance would be a better term, but they were few and insubstantial. They were seldom used for anything but preparation for the next inevitable engagement. I take it that this tradition of enmity is almost axiomatic for Central European history. Little, then, will be said about the Czechs as a force leading toward the integration of Habsburg power. This leaves us a broad field of historical assessment and delineation: the story of the Czech odyssey from their first contact with the Habsburgs in the late thirteenth century until 1918, when they again became a sovereign people in their own land.
Real-Time Data-Compatibility Analysis Using Output-Error Parameter Estimation

Output-error parameter estimation, normally a postflight batch technique, was applied to solve the data-compatibility problem in real time. Short segments of data were sequentially processed to enable real-time estimation, and variations on the algorithm were used to expedite convergence from arbitrary starting values of the unknown model parameters. The method was applied to flight-test data to correct the data for systematic instrumentation errors. Results showed that the method produced accurate estimates of the data-compatibility correction parameters at a rate of 0.5 Hz. A sensor fault was also introduced into the flight data, and the use of a data-forgetting algorithm showed that the method was capable of quickly adapting to the data in a way that could enable sensor fault detection.
Laparoscopic management and outcomes in non-functioning moieties of duplex kidneys in children

Abstract Aims Retroperitoneal laparoscopic hemi-nephrectomy (RLHN) is a well tolerated, minimally invasive, although technically demanding, procedure for children with a non-functioning moiety in a duplex kidney. There is very little published data on the long-term follow up of such patients. We collected data to assess outcomes from our experience. Methods Data were retrospectively gathered on all patients who underwent RLHN at our institution between February 2003 and July 2008. Follow-up ultrasounds were obtained in all patients. Results RLHN was performed in 42 patients. All had a non-functioning moiety of a duplex kidney and in addition recurrent urinary tract infections (n = 36), incontinence (n = 5) or vesico-ureteric reflux (n = 1). Median age at surgery was 3 years, 7 months (4 months–13 years, 10 months). One patient required conversion to open procedure due to low (pelvic) kidney. The median operating time was 90 min (45–150 min). Urine leak developed postoperatively in one patient and loss of function of the remaining moiety occurred in another patient. They were followed up for a median period of 11 months (1–51 months). Conclusion RLHN is a feasible and safe technique for the experienced paediatric laparoscopic urologist. Results compare very favourably with open heminephrectomy in terms of operating time and outcomes. Long-term follow up is mandatory.
Insulin Effect on Thyroid Hormone Uptake in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Previous work has indicated that thyroid hormone entry into cells includes an energy-dependent, saturable process. In this study we investigated the effect of insulin on T3 uptake in rat skeletal muscle. Intact soleus muscles were preincubated for 30 minuted at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in the presence or absence of insulin and then for 60 minutes after adding 50 pmol/L [125I] T3. The results showed a stimulatory effect of insulin that was half maximal at 33 nmol/L and maximal at 100 nmol/L. Addition of 10 mumol/L T3 to the incubation medium completely blocked the effect, showing that the action of insulin is exerted only on the specific component of T3 uptake. The substitution of extracellular sodium with an equimolar amount of lithium also prevented the insulin effect. [125I] T4 uptake was unaffected by insulin. These results indicate that T3 uptake in skeletal muscle is sensitive to insulin, that insulin stimulates the specific component of T3 uptake in a dose-dependent manner, and that its action requires extracellular sodium. In contrast, T4 uptake is insensitive to insulin action in accordance with previous results that indicated passive diffusion as its major pathway for cell entry.
Minimal extensions of Π01 classes

A minimal extension of a Π01 class P is a Π01 class Q such that P ⊂ Q, Q – P is infinite, and for any Π01 class R, if P ⊂ R ⊂ Q, then either R – P is finite or Q – R is finite; Q is a nontrivial minimal extension of P if in addition P and Q′ have the same Cantor-Bendixson derivative. We show that for any class P which has a single limit point A, and that point of degree ≤ 0, P admits a nontrivial minimal extension. We also show that as long as P is infinite, then P does not admit any decidable nontrivial minimal extension Q. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
288: Improved Clinical Outcomes Using Bi-Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridges to Transplant in Critically Ill Patients

patients at the time of 1 implant in the entire group. One patient was re-explored for bleeding, one patient developed acute renal dysfunction, one patient suffered stroke from air embolism and one who developed a major infection in the LVAD exchange group. The latter complications were documented in 3.7%, 20.3%, 11% and 12.9% of patients after the 1st LVAD implant procedure, respectively. Conclusions: Careful patient selection and meticulous preparation for LVAD exchange at the time of initial LVAD implant in patients chosen for destination therapy can improve the surgical outcomes.
O-Demethylation reaction at a diruthenium core: synthesis and structural study of two novel diruthenium compounds

Abstract The reaction between Ru2(OAc)4Cl and di(o-methoxyphenyl)formamidine led to the unexpected products trans-Ru2(O2CCH3)2(μ-N,N′-η2-N,O-o-MeOForm)(μ-N,N′-η2-N,O-o-MeOForm′) (1) and Ru2(O2CCH3)(μ-N,N′-o-MeOForm)(μ-N,N′-η2-N,O-o-MeOForm)(μ-N,N′-η2-N,O-o-MeOForm′) (2), where o-MeOForm is di(o-methoxyphenyl)formamidinate, and o-MeOForm′ is the O-demethylation derivative of o-MeOForm, (o-methoxyphenyl)(o-oxyphenyl)formamidinate. Both compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, and are isoelectronic with the previously studied chloro-tetracarboxylatodiruthenium(II,III) and chlorotetrakis(diarylformamidinato)diruthenium(II,III) on the basis of structural and magnetic data.
Preparation of 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine.

l-Tyrosine is converted to 3-bromo-l-tyrosine in good yield by reaction with 1.2 equiv. of DMSO in HBr/AcOH, while reaction with 2.2 equiv. of DMSO under comparable conditions results in formation of 3,5-dibromo-l-tyrosine in good yield. This is the simplest, safest and most efficient method for the preparation of gram quantities of either 3-bromo-l-tyrosine or 3,5-dibromo-l-tyrosine.
Near-Optimal Relay Station Placement for Power Minimization in WiMAX Networks

In the IEEE 802.16j standard, the relay station has been introduced to increase the coverage and the throughput of WiMAX networks. The placement of the relay station plays a critical role in the system performance and therefore draws tremendous attention from the research community. In this paper, we study the relay station placement problem in the WiMAX network, with the cooperative communication as the relaying strategy. In particular, given a base station and a set of subscriber stations, we determine the location of a relay station, and the set of subscriber stations using the relay station. The objective is to minimize the maximum transmission power among all the subscriber stations while satisfying the data rate requirements of the subscriber stations. We develop a near-optimal algorithm to solve this problem and prove that the maximum transmission power computed by our algorithm is at most P^{opt} + epsilon, where P^{opt} is the maximum transmission power in the optimal solution and epsilon > 0 is an arbitrary constant. The experiments show that we can dramatically reduce the maximum transmission power by deploying the relay station according to our algorithm.
Packaging folded optical systems with solid modelers

This presentation will include examples of folded optical designs developed using solid modeler tools from conceptualoptical design through detailed implementation. A methodology will be presented which uses the higher functionality oftoday's solid modeling tools to capture optical design intent. The methodology allows control of critical solid models of theoptical elements and complex housings. Specific examples will show how a prescription sheet controls all lenses, mirrors.and housings through parametric relationships. Establishing parametric controls allows the possibility of quick and certainimplementation of prescription changes.Keywords: Capture design intent, Pro/Engineer, folded optical system
Do horizontal propulsive forces influence the nonlinear structure of locomotion

Background Several investigations have suggested that changes in the nonlinear gait dynamics are related to the neural control of locomotion. However, no investigations have provided insight on how neural control of the locomotive pattern may be directly reflected in changes in the nonlinear gait dynamics. Our simulations with a passive dynamic walking model predicted that toe-off impulses that assist the forward motion of the center of mass influence the nonlinear gait dynamics. Here we tested this prediction in humans as they walked on the treadmill while the forward progression of the center of mass was assisted by a custom built mechanical horizontal actuator.
Adsorption and orientation of NH3 on Ru(001)

Abstract The interaction of NH3 with clean Ru(001) surfaces has been studied using LEED (low energy electron diffraction), ESDIAD (electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution), TDS (thermal desorption spectroscopy), and work function changes (Δφ). Four different binding states (denoted as α1, α2, β and γ) were detected with TDS. At low coverages, NH3 desorbs from the α1 state with a TDS peak maximum at ~ 310 K. The broadening of the TDS peaks and their shift to lower temperature with increasing NH3 coverage are related to repulsive lateral interactions between neighboring NH3 molecules. At higher NH3 coverages (θNH3≳ 0.15), a second desorption peak (α2) develops at T = 180 K, accompanied by a (2 × 2) LEED structure. With further increase of NH3 exposure a sharp desorption peak (β state) is found at T = 140 K, and is interpreted as due to NH3 species desorbing from a second adsorption layer. Finally a desorption peak due to multilayer adsorption (γ state) is found at 115 K. At low NH3 coverages (α1 state), a “halo”-like H+ ESDIAD pattern gives evidence of randomly oriented or freely rotating NH3, monomers, bounded via the N atoms to the surface with the H atoms pointing away from the surface. This orientation of NH3 is supported by work function measurements showing a linear decrease of Δφ in the α1 state. Structural information concerning the adsorption geometry of NH3 in the β state has been obtained from LEED and ESDIAD. During the formation of the second NH3 layer (β) a (2√3 × 2√3)R30° LEED pattern is observed and is accompanied by an ESDIAD pattern with a hexagonal outline. A structural model of the β-state bonding, in which second layer NH3 molecules are bonded via threefold hydrogen bonds to the first layer NH3, is proposed.
Developmental Differences in Relaxations to Natriuretic Peptides in Isolated Ovine Pulmonary Vessels ♦ 339

Introduction: Natriuretic peptides are the most potent stimulants of cGMP production by particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of cardiac origin and acts at targets distant from its site of formation and release. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is more widely distributed and has been recently localized to vascular endothelium. These peptides activate pGC by distinct A (ANP) and B (CNP) receptors. We studied the effect of ANP and CNP in the pulmonary vasculature of the developing lamb. Methods: Fifth generation pulmonary arteries (PA) and veins (PV) were isolated from late gestation fetal (n=5) and 4-6 week old juvenile (n=8) lambs, and studied using conventional tissue bath techniques. Rings were preconstricted with norepinephrine following pretreatment with LNA to block cGMP production by the NO-soluble guanylate cyclase pathway, as well as indomethacin and propranolol. Concentration response curves were then generated for ANP and CNP (0.1 to 100 nM). Some vessels were pretreated with the cGMP kinase inhibitor Rp-8Br-PET-cGMPS to demonstrate that relaxations were mediated by this kinase. Results: EC50 values for CNP and ANP are shown for both vessel types in the table (* p < 0.05 vs ANP. ** p < 0.05 vs PA, p<0.05 vs fetal). In addition, maximal relaxations to 100nM CNP were blunted in fetal vs juvenile PA (58±9% vs 80±6%, p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that CNP is a potent dilator of PV from both fetal and juvenile lambs, but is a less potent dilator of PA than ANP. PA from juvenile lambs are significantly more responsive to CNP than fetal PA, which indicates that postnatal changes in pulmonary blood flow may alter expression of the pGC-B receptor.
Abbreviating the halstead-reitan neuropsychological test battery

Describes a brief and relatively data-rich abbreviated form of the Reitan. By employing the Trail Making Test, the Aphasia Screening Test, and Block Design and Digit Symbol from the WAIS, one can predict the presence and severity of organic impairment and comment on lateralization and localization. Findings are cross-validated.
Zeolite Membranes from Kaolin

Zeolite films are sought as components of molecular sieve membranes. Different routes used to prepare zeolite composite membranes include growing zeolite layers from gels on porous supports, depositing oriented zeolites on supports, and dispersing zeolites in polymeric membranes. In most cases, it is very difficult to control and avoid the formation of cracks and/or pinholes. The approach to membrane synthesis is based on hydrothermally converting films of layered aluminosilicates into zeolite films. The authors have demonstrated this concept by preparing zeolite A membranes on alumina supports from kaolin films. The authors have optimized the process parameters not only for desired bulk properties, but also for preparing thin (ca. 5 {micro}m), continuous zeolite A films. Scanning electron microscopy shows highly intergrown zeolite A crystals over most of the surface area of the membrane, but gas permeation experiments indicate existence of mesoporous defects and/or intercrystalline gaps. It has been demonstrated that the thickness of the final zeolite A membrane can be controlled by limiting the amount of precursor kaolin present in the membrane.
Memory-efficient interconnect optimization

Interconnect design has emerged as one of the major challenges facing chip designers as VLSI manufacturing progresses and gate sizes scale down. Dynamic programming (DP) is an efficient and robust technique for finding optimal solutions to interconnect optimization problems in VLSI design. However, DP's huge memory requirement often limits its effectiveness and sometimes, due to limited storage resources, even makes it impossible to solve a problem of practical size. Since interconnect optimization is often a subprocess embedded in an upper level design procedure, a memory and time efficient implementation of DP can be very favorable to circuit designers. In this paper, we develop a new memory-efficient dynamic programming approach to interconnect optimization problems. Our method utilizes selective storage and recomputation technique. This memory and time efficient algorithm speeds up the dynamic programming method without compromising solution quality. Experiments show tremendous saving, both in storage and time, over traditional dynamic programming algorithms. Our novel approach can also be generalized for other VLSI applications using DP algorithms.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the mitotic cycle and DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in mammalian epidermis in vivo.

Abstract— Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the mitotic cycle and macromolecular synthesis were investigated on hairless mouse epidermis in vivo. Colcemid was used to arrest mitoses in metaphase and thus allow more accurate mitotic counts. The radioactive tracers, TdR-3H, cytidine-3H, and the amino acids, histidine-3H and methionine-3H were used to examine DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, respectively. Using these techniques, we found that wavelengths shorter than 320 nm markedly inhibited mitosis, increased the basal cell turnover time and depressed DNA, RNA and protein synthesis within the first few hours post-irradiation. By 24hr, recovery and acceleration of these functions were in progress, reaching a peak by 48–72 hr and persisting though to a lesser degree for 7 days. This stage of acceleration was associated with epidermal hyperplasia and most likely represented post-injury cell renewal.
Petrographic Analysis of Concrete Deterioration by Feature Relocation

Petrographic analysis of concrete specimens that uses both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with backscatter electron detector and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) provides a unique opportunity to obtain information on mineralogical, chemical, and microstructural features. Combining optical microscopy and SEM-EDS provides complementary information of concrete suffering from alkali silica reaction or sulfate attack. Feature relocation software enables the petrographer to identify an object of interest with one technique and confirm its identity with another, thereby using the strength of both techniques.
The Role of Home Literacy Environment in Toddlerhood in Development of Vocabulary and Decoding Skills

Background Little empirical research examines the process in which home literacy environment (HLE) in toddlerhood is associated with preschoolers’ vocabulary and decoding skills using a large-scale dataset.
Highly Cooperative Tetrametallic Ruthenium-μ-Oxo-μ-Hydroxo Catalyst for the Alcohol Oxidation Reaction

The tetrametallic ruthenium-oxo-hydroxo-hydride complex {[(PCy3)(CO)RuH]4(μ4-O)(μ3-OH)(μ2-OH)} (1) was synthesized in two steps from the monomeric complex (PCy3)(CO)RuHCl (2). The tetrameric complex 1 was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the transfer dehydrogenation of alcohols. Complex 1 showed a different catalytic activity pattern toward primary and secondary benzyl alcohols, as indicated by the Hammett correlation for the oxidation reaction of p-X-C6H4CH2OH (ρ = −0.45) and p-X-C6H4CH(OH)CH3 (ρ = +0.22) (X = OMe, CH3, H, Cl, CF3). Both a sigmoidal curve from the plot of initial rate vs [PhCH(OH)CH3] (K0.5 = 0.34 M; Hill coefficient, n = 4.2 ± 0.1) and the phosphine inhibition kinetics revealed the highly cooperative nature of the complex for the oxidation of secondary alcohols.
Gallium (III) Triflate Catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement

Gallium triflate catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement is described. Various aliphatic or aromatic amides are obtained from the corresponding ketoximes in good yields. Gallium triflate exhibits high catalytic activity for a wide variety of substrates.
The Effect of Algorithms on Copy Number Variant Detection

Background The detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and the results of CNV-disease association studies rely on how CNVs are defined, and because array-based technologies can only infer CNVs, CNV-calling algorithms can produce vastly different findings. Several authors have noted the large-scale variability between CNV-detection methods, as well as the substantial false positive and false negative rates associated with those methods. In this study, we use variations of four common algorithms for CNV detection (PennCNV, QuantiSNP, HMMSeg, and cnvPartition) and two definitions of overlap (any overlap and an overlap of at least 40% of the smaller CNV) to illustrate the effects of varying algorithms and definitions of overlap on CNV discovery.
The Psychological Effects of a Stillbirth on Surviving Family Members

The stillbirth of a baby precipitates a major crisis in a family. Interview and written testimony from 350 mothers and fathers suggest several challenges and themes common to many of these bereaved families in the aftermath of the death: shock, blame, guilt, and hardship; the desperate need to remember; the utility of autopsies and funerals; the burden of irrational and terrifying thoughts; the necessity for adequate support systems; issues surrounding surviving siblings and subsequent pregnancies; the long journey to healing; and the need to reach out to help others in distress.
D-dimer, magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted imaging, and ABCD2 score for transient ischemic attack risk stratification.

Background We sought to determine whether measurement of D-dimer (DD) would improve risk stratification after transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods We enrolled 167 patients with acute TIA in a prospective observational study. DD was measured using rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome measure was a composite end point consisting of stroke or death within 90 days or the identification of a high-risk stroke mechanism requiring specific early intervention (defined as ≥50% stenosis in a vessel referable to symptoms or a cardioembolic source warranting anticoagulation). Results The composite end point occurred in 41 patients (25%). A 50% or greater stenosis was found in 25 patients (15%), a cardioembolic source in 14 (8%), and clinical events in 8 (5 strokes, 3 deaths), 6 of whom also had a high-risk cause of TIA. ABCD 2 score was associated with outcome ( P for trend=.017, c-statistic 0.63). DD levels did not differ based on outcome status (geometric mean 0.75 v 0.82 μg fibrinogen equivalent unit/mL, P = .56), and DD had little use for predicting outcome (c-statistic 0.57), even when combined with ABCD 2 score. Of 96 patients with early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 23% had diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities, and MRI DWI was predictive of outcome (c-statistic 0.76). The addition of MRI DWI to ABCD 2 improved predictive accuracy (c-statistic 0.83) compared with either alone. Conclusions Many patients with TIA have a high-risk mechanism (large vessel stenosis or cardioembolism) or will experience stroke/death within 90 days. Increasing ABCD 2 scores were associated with this composite end point. Measurement of DD did not provide additional prognostic information.
Platelet storage lesion in second-generation containers: correlation with platelet ATP levels.

. The nature of platelet lesion occurring with storage of platelet concentrates (PC) in second-generation containers was investigated using various storage media and storage periods up to 14 days. In CPD-plasma (control medium), the changes which occurred progressively during storage were loss of discoid shape, microscopic platelet aggregate formation, fragmentation and the appearance of disintegrated, ‘balloon’ forms. By day 14 less than 10% of the platelets were discoid in shape, the platelet count had decreased by 23%, and there was a 5-fold increase in the amount of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma. Associated with this was a decrease in the platelet oxygen consumption rate, D(O2), loss of cellular ATP and extent of ADP-induced shape change, and a decrease in the hypotonic shock response. These parameters decreased at a similar rate, with a 50% decrease (t1/2) at days 7–9. They correlated highly with each other during storage and also with a fall in pH. At day 14 of storage, mean pH was 6.1 ± 0.3. To evaluate the effect of pH stabilization during storage, 4 mEq sodium bicarbonate was added to PC in CPD-plasma. Although pH maintenance was much improved, 7.2–6.6 during 14 days of storage, the same in vitro lesions developed, although more slowly. The t1/2 of the same parameters was prolonged for approximately two days. When PC were stored in a plasma-free physiologic salt solution whose salt composition was similar to CPD-plasma, the t1/2 of the parameters increased to 11–15 days of storage, although the platelets eventually developed the same in vitro lesions. In all media there was a high correlation between platelet ATP level and the other in vitro parameters during storage. Furthermore, energy depletion of the platelets produced by using the physiologic salt solution without glucose and by addition of metabolic inhibitors caused a similar deterioration of in vitro functions, but at a significantly faster rate which correlated with the rate of decrease in platelet ATP. This suggests that the platelet lesion observed with prolonged storage in second-generation containers might be due to a failure in platelet energy metabolism.
Haptocorrin (Transcobalamin I) and Cobalamin Deficiencies

Based on analyses in cobalamin-deficient patients before and after therapy, Morkbak and colleagues (1) confirm our finding that cobalamin concentrations correlate with haptocorrin (HC; transcobalamin I) (2) but propose that HC concentrations are regulated by cobalamin status rather than being genetically determined, which they mistake as my view. In fact, no exclusive theory of HC regulation is likely. Many things affect HC synthesis, release, and clearance, and HC concentrations are altered in many varied disorders (3). Moreover, cobalamin changes often follow, rather than precede, such HC changes because HC’s long half-life disproportionately influences retention of its attached cobalamin (holo-HC). In addition, highly variable release of leukocytic apo-HC (cobalamin-free HC) frequently occurs whenever serum is tested instead of plasma (4); critical effects of this artifact on Morkbak’s vegan serum data cannot be dismissed merely because leukocyte counts did not change after therapy. Statistical associations between cobalamin and HC concentrations require no complicated theories. The 75% or greater identity …
A study of an inhibitor in bovine serum active against respiratory syncytial virus.

An inhibitor for respiratory syncytial virus was demonstrated by a neutralization technique. Twenty (83%) of 24 adult bovine sera had a titre of 1/8 or greater. Some physical and chemical properties of the inhibitor were compared with those of parainfluenza 3 HI antibody and β-inhibitor for influenza A virus, and RS inhibitor resembled the antibody rather than the β-inhibitor. RS inhibitor was insensitive to trypsin, was not inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol, and was found in the γG serum fraction after Sephadex G200 gel filtration.
Non-Foster circuit embedded within electrically small antenna

Electrically small antennas (ESAs) have high quality factor and low radiation resistance. This implies that ESAs are narrow band and have poor realized gain. In this paper, we present an efficient way to improve the performance of an electrically small antenna by embedding a non-Foster circuit (NFC) inside the antenna structure instead of using matching network at the antenna feed. The antenna with embedded Non-Foster circuit shows remarkable improvement in antenna gain compared to the antenna without the NFC.
Surgical treatment of rectal cancer: local resection.

Abstract Local treatment of rectal cancer aims to decrease the morbidity and the functional sequela associated with radical surgery without compromising local tumor control and long-term survival. Local excision is associated with a higher rate of local recurrence compared with radical surgery, and salvage radical surgery cannot guarantee equivalent long-term survival compared with radical surgery as the primary form of therapy. Therefore, strict criteria for patient selection are critical for local excision to be successful. Selecting the optimal therapy for an individual patient with rectal cancer is crucial and requires consideration of both tumor and patient characteristics. Endorectal ultrasonography is essential for the accurate assessment of rectal wall invasion and nodal metastasis. Only patients with well- or moderately differentiated T1 tumors without blood vessel or lymphatic vessel invasion are candidates for curative local excision as the only form of treatment. Tumors penetrating the muscularis propria should not be treated by local excision alone. These patients can be asked to participate in a trial of chemoradiation followed by local excision. Otherwise, they should undergo radical surgery. The tumor should be removed by full-thickness local excision with an adequate normal margin for pathologic evaluation. Final decisions regarding the treatment strategy should be based on the pathology of the surgical specimen. Intense, close follow-up is critical for early diagnosis of local recurrences as many of them may be surgically salvaged by radical resection. Local treatment can also be used for palliation of patients with histological unfavorable or advanced tumors, and those who are medically unfit for radical surgery.
Predictors of Success of Corticosteroid Injection for the Management of Rotator Cuff Disease

Background The use of subacromial corticosteroid injection (CSI) to treat rotator cuff tendinopathy is controversial. We hypothesized that characteristics such as activity level, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, duration of symptoms, and status of the rotator cuff may be prognostic factors for resolution of symptoms postinjection.
CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Control TH17 Responses in a Stat3-Dependent Manner

Immune responses are kept in check by Foxp3-expressing CD4+-regulatory T cells (Tregs) through a variety of mechanisms. Expression of specific transcription factors directs Treg responses into distinct T helper cell lineages; however, the transcription factors that regulate particular helper lineages have not been completely characterized. Chaudhry et al. (p. [986][1], published online 1 October) show that the transcription factor Stat3, that is required for the initial differentiation of TH17-effector T cells, is also required for Treg cell-mediated suppression of TH17-mediated immune responses. Mice carrying a Treg cellspecific deletion in Stat3 succumb to an intestinal inflammatory disease driven by uncontrolled TH17 responses. Thus, different classes of immune responses can result from the expression of helper lineage–specific transcription factors. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1172702
Overweight, Obesity, and Elevated Serum Cystatin C Levels in Adults in the United States

Background Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, limited data exist on the association of overweight and obesity with early stages of kidney disease.