cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Analysis of Grinding

Abrasive unit processes are key technologies to achieve high surface quality and dimensional tolerances with highly stable processes. Life Cycle Inventory provides a basis to evaluate the environmental aspects of unit processes. This paper will provide an integrated analysis of floor-to-floor cycle for product grinding as well as review the state-of-the-art for industrial grinding including cooling lubricants and specific energy. This work discusses existing approaches to evaluate grinding process sustainability and shows the applicability (and limits) of the UPLCI method. The goal is a workable, estimating approach that can be widely used in decisions for energy improvement and product life cycle.
Modulation of Neurotransmitter Release and Presynaptic Plasticity by Protein Phosphorylation

Second-messenger regulation of protein interactions in the synaptic vesicle release machinery is one mechanism by which cellular events modulate synaptic transmission. Identification of protein kinases and their targets at nerve terminals, particularly those functionally regulated by synaptic activity or intracellular [Ca2+], is critical to understand the modulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation states of soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins and their regulatory components can regulate the biochemical pathways leading from synaptic vesicle docking and priming to fusion. Recent advances in experimental tools, including genetic manipulation in murine models, expression of mutant proteins via transfection and viral infection in primary neuronal cultures, and the generation of phospho-specific antibodies, have allowed the study of the functional involvement of protein phosphorylation in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This chapter provides an overview of the candidate targets of the second messenger–activated protein serine-threonine kinases in the release machinery, and discusses the potential impact of these phosphorylation events in synaptic strength and presynaptic plasticity.
Sequencing of emphases on technology alliances and internal R&D: The effects of the market cycle

Abstract How does the market reward technological firms' emphases on alliancing and R&D strategies depending on the phase in the market cycle? I use the 1990s’ “dot-com bubble” cycle and its burst after 2000 to look for joint effects of technology alliances and internal R&D investments on firm market valuations. I show that the existing theory is incomplete without considering (1) the temporal sequencing of emphases on technology alliances and R&D, and (2) the phase in the market cycle. I show that different phases of the market cycle reward different temporal sequences of emphases on technology alliances and internal R&D. This paper contributes to the theory of complementarity of alliances and R&D by pointing out previously unexplored factors that make technology alliances and R&D investments either complements or substitutes.
Iowa Family Law: A Defense of Restitution Theory as the Solution to the

Jurisdictions nationwide have struggled to deal with equitable distributions of property upon marital dissolution. The struggle has been especially acute in cases where one spouse earned an advanced degree during the marriage as a result of the efforts and sacrifices of the other. This Note examines how Iowa has dealt with this problem and argues that principles of logical and linguistic coherence demand the most simple, determinate vehicle for achieving equity and legal uniformity. In this light, this Note argues against abstract notions of "human capital" theory that purports, among other things, to redefine commonsense notions of "property" and "asset" to include professional degrees and licenses. Lastly, this Note defends the principles of restitution and unjust enrichment as the proper vehicles to achieve equity and fairness upon marital dissolution.
Editorial Commentary: Hip Arthroscopy Capsular Approaches: Periportal, Puncture, Interportal, T-Cut…Does It Really Matter?

Abstract When treating femoroacetabular impingement, appropriate visualization is needed to technically perform a complete osteoplasty. Adequate visualization typically requires some level of disruption of the hip capsule during the surgical approach. As a result, complications including microinstability or frank dislocation may result from any violation of the hip capsule. There is a trade-off involved in the various capsular approaches: the balance between appropriate visualization in order to adequately perform a complete femoral osteoplasty versus disruption of the capsule, potentially causing iatrogenic hip instability. If visualization is compromised, it is better to extend a capsulotomy than to have a burr, shaver, or electrocautery remove part of the capsular envelope. In the end, the solution is to use an approach that allows you to visualize and treat the femoroacetabular impingement pathology, yet maintain the integrity of the capsular envelope.
Recent advances in understanding and managing malabsorption: focus on microvillus inclusion disease

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare congenital severe malabsorptive and secretory diarrheal disease characterized by blunted or absent microvilli with accumulation of secretory granules and inclusion bodies in enterocytes. The typical clinical presentation of the disease is severe chronic diarrhea that rapidly leads to dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the causative factors, to date, no curative therapy for MVID and associated diarrhea exists. Prognosis mainly relies on life-long total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and eventual small bowel and/or liver transplantation. Both TPN and intestinal transplantation are challenging and present with many side effects. A breakthrough in the understanding of MVID emanated from seminal findings revealing mutations in MYO5B as a cause for MVID. During the last decade, many studies have thus utilized cell lines and animal models with knockdown of MYO5B to closely recapitulate the human disease and investigate potential therapeutic options in disease management. We will review the most recent advances made in the research pertaining to MVID. We will also highlight the tools and models developed that can be utilized for basic and applied research to increase our understanding of MVID and develop novel and effective targeted therapies.
Perovskite quantum dot solar cells: Mapping interfacial energetics for improving charge separation

Abstract Colloidal halide perovskite nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) show similar defect tolerance as thin film perovskite materials with added nanoscale phenomena. Perovskite QD solar cells have demonstrated efficiencies of 16.6%, greater than that of any other QD material system. While the efficiency lags behind the best thin-film perovskite devices, these solar cells could have advantages over the thin-film versions in terms of processability, phase stability, and high open-circuit voltages. However, some operating principles behind perovskite quantum dot device stacks and the associated electric field properties are still unknown. Here, we characterize the junction structure within perovskite QD solar cells, by exposing functioning cross-sections and using nanometer-scale Kelvin probe force microscopy to offer insight into the selection and performance of charge selective contacts. We also evaluated various solar cell device architectures with different selective contacts to isolate the role of each junction in device performance. We show that in high-performance n-i-p architectures, both electron- and hole-transport layer (HTL) interfaces possess a strong electric field, but in the case of the inverted p-i-n architecture, we find that high interfacial recombination at the HTL/QD junction is responsible for subpar device performance. Perovskite QD and thin film materials can synergistically be combined to offer more design flexibility in PV devices, and here we demonstrate that the interface between perovskite thin films and QDs are relatively benign and amenable for synergistic device design.
The genomic regulatory elements for estrogen receptor alpha transactivation-function-1 regulated genes

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-dependent transcription regulator, containing two transactivation functional domains, AF-1 and AF-2. The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT), activate AF-1 preferentially rather than AF-2. However, it is unclear whether this specific function is related to the tissue-selective functionality of SERMs. Moreover, there is no information determining AF-1-dependent estrogenic-genes existing in tissues. We sought to identify AF-1-dependent estrogenic-genes using the AF-2 mutated knock-in (KI) mouse model, AF2ERKI. AF2ER is an AF-2 disrupted estradiol (E2)-insensitive mutant ERα, but AF-1-dependent transcription can be activated by the estrogen-antagonists, fulvestrant (ICI) and 4OHT. Gene profiling and ChIP-Seq analysis identified Klk1b21 as an ICI-inducible gene in AF2ERKI uterus. The regulatory activity was analyzed further using a cell-based reporter assay. The 5'-flanking 0.4k bp region of Klk1b21 gene responded as an ERα AF-1-dependent estrogen-responsive promoter. The 150 bp minimum ERα binding element (EBE) consists of three direct repeats. These three half-site sequences were essential for the ERα-dependent transactivation and were differentially recognized by E2 and 4OHT for the gene activation. This response was impaired when the minimum EBE was fused with a thymidine-kinase promoter but could be restored by fusion with the 100 bp minimum transcription initiation element (TIE) of Klk1b21, suggesting that the cooperative function of EBE and TIE is essential for mediating AF-1-dependent transactivation. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that endogenous ERα AF-1 dominant estrogenic-genes exist in estrogen-responsive organs. Such findings will aid in understanding the mechanism of ERα-dependent tissue-selective activity of SERMs.
Why 3 Basic Colors? Why 4 Basic Tastes?

In this paper, we give a general explanation of why there are 3 basic colors and 4 basic tastes. One of the advantages of having an explanation on a system level (without involving physiological details) is that a general explanation works not only for humans, but for potential extra-terrestrial intelligent beings as well.
Two-dimensional electron systems and interfacial coupling in LaCrO3/KTaO3 heterostructures

The strong interfacial coupling at the 3d-5d transition metal-oxide interfaces has generated excitement due to the possibility of engineering a wide range of quantum phenomena and functionalities. Here, we investigate the electronic interfacial coupling and structural properties of LaCrO3/KTaO3 heterostructures. High-quality LaCrO3 films were grown on KTaO3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. These heterostructures show a robust two-dimensional electron gas and a metallic behavior down to liquid helium temperature. Using magnetoresistance measurements, we analyze the coupling of electronic orders between Cr 3d and Ta 5d states and observe signatures of weak anti-localization and Kondo scattering at low-temperature transport. The results provide direct evidence that a crossover (weak anti-localization to Kondo) occurs with increasing temperature as the dephasing scattering events reduce the coherence length. Our observations allow for a clear and detailed picture of two distinct quantum corrections to conductivity at low temperature.
Time of eating and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity.

Abstract Background and aims Our objective was to examine the impact of caloric intake before or after the mean time of evening meal on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity. Methods and results Twelve patients with HFpEF and obesity completed a cardiorespiratory exercise test to measure CRF, defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO2). Three five-pass 24-h dietary recalls were performed for each participant and mean evening meal time was determined for each participant individually as well as the group. Participants were divided into those who ate before (Group I) and after (Group II) the mean time of evening meal, 7:25 PM. Peak VO2 and exercise time were significantly greater in Group II compared to Group I, moreover, delaying time of evening meal was associated with greater peak VO2. Conclusion Caloric intake after the mean time of evening meal was associated with better CRF in patients with HFpEF and concomitant obesity. Later nutrient intake may help prevent fasting related stress associated with cardiac metabolic disturbances present in HFpEF. Based on these findings, prospective trials aimed at examining the effects of later evening meal times in patients with HFpEF and obesity are warranted.
Sympathetic Outflow to Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Heat Production in Adult, Aged, and Cold-Acclimated Adult Mice

We have shown that in C57BL6J adult mice repeated cold stress results in cold acclimation (1). Cold stress was provided by placement of mice for 3 hours at 2-wk intervals for 3 occasions in individual restrainers that prevented gross motor activity in the 6°-10°C environment (2). Cold acclimation was evidenced by a greater cold tolerance (reduced rate of decline of colonic temperature) and increased heat production in the third test relative to the first. We also reported that aged mice have poorer cold tolerance (higher rate of decline of colonic temperature) than adults and demonstrate a reduced ability to increase heat production in response to cold stress. Moreover, repeated cold stress tests fail to improve cold tolerance and to increase heat production in aged mice (3).
An integrated circuit 12-bit D/A converter

A bipolar LSI linear chip, precisely mated to an in-process laser-trimmed thin-film-on-silicon resistor network, to realize a two-chip 0.003% accurate 12-bit D/A converter in a 24-pin DIP, will be covered.
Abstract P311: Tree Nut Consumption is Inversely Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The NHLBI Family Heart Study

Background: Epidemiologic and clinical trial data have demonstrated beneficial effects of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. However, little is known about the association of nut consumption and subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population. Objective: To test the hypothesis that tree nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: We determined risk factors and tree nut consumption in a cross-sectional sample of 2297 participants from the NHLBI Family Heart Study without known coronary heart disease. Nut consumption was determined from a Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and participants were categorized into 3 groups according to their nut consumption (never/rare, less than once/week, and >= 1 time/week). The primary outcome was prevalent coronary calcification, defined as coronary artery calcium (CAC) score > 100 Agatston units (AU). We fitted generalized estimating equations (GEE) to calculate the prevalence odds ratios of co...
Reading Disability: Do the Eyes Have It?

Poor school performance is an increasingly common presenting complaint in pediatric clinics and offices. 1 The underachieving student can be an exasperating challenge to parents, teachers, and pediatricians. Delays in learning to read are among the most common manifestations of the so-called "low severity-high prevalence" disabilities of schoolchildren. Various subtle developmental lags interact with environmental conditions, educational experiences, and the child9s intrinsic temperamental repertoire, with resultant delays in the acquisition of academic skill. It is difficult to stand by and observe passively a precipitous decline inn self-esteem, as a schoolchild becomes aware that peers are learnningn to read and he is not.
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylation and Aspartate Synthesis in Acetobacter suboxydans

Dialyzed extracts of Acetobacter suboxydans ATCC 621 catalyze 14CO2 assimilation in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate and a divalent cation. The formation of 14C-oxalacetate was demonstrated and found not to be dependent upon the presence of orthophosphate or diphosphonucleotides. Oxalacetate synthesis was stimulated by orthophosphate and inhibited by aspartate. All attempts to demonstrate a reversible carboxylation mechanism have failed. 14C-aspartate was synthesized when phosphoenolpyruvate, H14Co3−, pyridoxal phosphate, and glutamate were added to dialyzed extracts. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses and chemical degradation further demonstrate the presence of a reversible aspartate aminotransferase. The function of oxalacetate synthesis in a bacterium that reportedly lacks an operative tricarboxylic acid cycle is discussed.
Stimulation of Endorphin Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens by Ethanol, Cocaine, and Amphetamine

Numerous studies have demonstrated that drugs of abuse activate the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway, and it is widely held that this activation contributes to the motivational and positive reinforcing properties of these substances. However, there is evidence that endogenous opioid systems within this brain reward circuit also play a role in drug reinforcement and drug-seeking behavior. Using microdialysis in freely moving rats, we sought to determine whether various drugs of abuse (i.e., ethanol, cocaine, d-amphetamine, and nicotine) would increase neurotransmission of endogenous opioid peptides (i.e., endorphins) in the nucleus accumbens. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally twice at 3 h intervals, and the endorphin content of microdialysates was analyzed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Acute administration of ethanol, cocaine, and d-amphetamine transiently elevated extracellular levels of endorphins in the nucleus accumbens, whereas nicotine and saline were without effect. We hypothesize that this drug-induced release of endorphins may contribute to the positive reinforcing and motivating properties of ethanol and psychostimulants.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor mediated augmentation of angiogenesis and bone formation in vascularized bone allotransplants.

We previously demonstrated recipient-derived neoangiogenesis to maintain viability of living bone allogeneic transplants without long-term immunosuppression. The effect of cytokine delivery to enhance this process is studied. Vascularized femur transplantation was performed from Dark Agouti to Piebald Virol Glaxo rats. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres loaded with buffer (N = 11), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) (N = 10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (N = 11), or both (N = 11) were inserted intramedullarly alongside a recipient-derived arteriovenous bundle. FK-506 was administered for 2 weeks. At 18 weeks, bone blood flow, microangiography, histologic, histomorphometric, and alkaline phosphatase measurements were performed. Bone blood flow was greater in the combined group than control and VEGF groups (P = 0.04). Capillary density was greater in the FGF2 group than in the VEGF and combined groups (P < 0.05). Bone viability, growth, and alkaline phosphatase activity did not vary significantly between groups. Neoangiogenesis in vascularized bone allotransplants is enhanced by angiogenic cytokine delivery, with results using FGF2 that are comparable to isotransplant from previous studies. Further studies are needed to achieve bone formation similar to isotransplants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:301-307, 2014
UV laser ablation from ionic solids

We compare ultraviolet laser ablation at a wavelength of 308 nm from ionic solids where the photon energy is much less than (KCI), or approximately equal to (LiNbO3), the bulk bandgap energy. The results are interpreted in the framework of simple charge-transfer models.
The Value-Relevance of Advertising: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Industry

This study examines whether advertising by pharmaceutical firms is value relevant. The large amount of pharmaceutical advertising spending and its rapid growth in recent years raise important questions about the contribution of advertising to pharmaceutical firm value. Our evidence indicates that stock investors view advertising by pharmaceutical firms as a source of future economic benefits, consistent with the value-enhancing role of pharmaceutical advertising. Advertising expenditures of pharmaceutical firms have a greater association with the firm's stock prices and returns than those of nonpharmaceutical firms. We also find that advertising expenditures of pharmaceutical firms, similar to capitalized intangible assets but unlike fully expensed research and development (R&D) expenditures, are not significantly related to future earnings variability and uncertainty. This evidence suggests high reliability of future benefits associated with advertising in pharmaceutical industry. The high value relevanc...
Direct electrochemistry of thioredoxins and glutathione at a lipid bilayer-modified electrode

Abstract By using direct electrochemical analysis we have established that the reduction of Escherichia coli thioredoxin (EcT), T4 thioredoxin (T4T), and glutathione (GSSG) occurs at a self-assembled lipid bilayer-modified gold electrode via two separate one-electron processes. The first electron transfer has half-wave potentials of −0.05 ± 0.01, −0.07 ± 0.01, and −0.06 ± 0.01 V, whereas the second one has values of −0.48 ± 0.01, −0.39 ± 0.01, and −0.45 ± 0.01 V, for EcT, T4T, and GSSG, respectively. The scan-rate dependence of the cyclic voltammetry indicates, for both waves, that the process of electron transfer is dominated by a bulk diffusion of free species to and from the electrode, and that strongly adsorbed species do not significantly contribute at the scan rates used. The voltage separation of the peak currents indicates a quasi-reversible electron transfer process with an electrochemical rate constant which is larger for the second (lower potential) electron than for the first one. Using the above half-wave potentials of the one-electron steps, one can calculate a thermodynamic half-wave potential for the two-electron reduction processes. The values of these potentials are −0.265, −0.23, and −0.25 V for EcT, T4T, and GSSG, respectively. These are in excellent agreement with literature values obtained from equilibrium measurements of enzyme-catalyzed reactions involving these species. It is quite clear from these results that lipid bilayer-modified electrodes provide a biocompatible and direct means of efficiently carrying out electrochemical reactions with sulfur-based redox systems, as we have previously shown to be the case with metalloproteins.
The effects of krill hydrolysate-supplemented soya-bean based diets on the growth, colouration, amino and fatty acid profiles of juvenile American lobster, Homarus americanus

The feasibility of soya-based diets for pounded American lobster, Homarus americanus, was investigated using diets (40% protein) of low-fat soya-bean meal (SBM) containing various proportions of freeze-dried krill hydrolysate (FDKH) at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of dietary protein, in a 60-day trial using stage 5 juveniles. Diets of fresh blue-mussel, Mytilus edulis, and a diet of 100% of protein from fish meal (FM), approximating the industry diet of fish, were included for comparison. Specific growth rates (SGR) were not significantly different in all krill-containing diets, 100% FM and mussel diets. Juveniles on the mussel diet and the 75 and 100% FDKH diets had significantly higher maximum body weight gains (BWG), longer survivals (days in culture) and shorter moulting cycles. Juveniles deriving 100% of dietary protein from SBM failed to moult and had the lowest SGR and BWG, and the shortest survival period. Carotenoid content (mg kg−1 dry weight), n-3 HUFA profiles (% of total fatty acids) and arginine (% of total amino acids) in the carcass correlated with dietary profiles (% of dry diet) and the level of dietary FDKH. Dietary SBM increased carcass 18:2n-6. Soya-bean meal supplemented with FDKH may provide up to 87.5% of dietary protein in artificial diets without compromising short-term BWG.
Estrogens attenuate neuronal injury due to hemoglobin, chemical hypoxia, and excitatory amino acids in murine cortical cultures

A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that estrogens may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative processes. Less is known of their therapeutic potential in acute CNS insults. In this study, we assessed the effect of estrogens in three injury paradigms that may be relevant to CNS hemorrhage, trauma, and ischemia. Supraphysiologic concentrations of 17beta-estradiol, estrone, or equilin attenuated neuronal loss due to prolonged exposure to the pro-oxidant hemoglobin, with complete protection at 10 microM. Most of this effect persisted despite concomitant treatment with the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In contrast, the non-estrogenic steroid methylprednisolone, which is currently in clinical use in spinal cord injury, reduced neuronal loss by only about 30%. High concentrations of equilin or estrone also attenuated the submaximal neuronal injury induced by 3.5-4.5 h exposure to the cytochrome oxidase inhibitor sodium azide, with near complete protection at 30 microM. Estrogens had a weaker and somewhat variable effect on pure excitotoxic injury, reducing neuronal loss due to 24 h kainate exposure by about half, and due to 24 h NMDA exposure by 15-65%; similar neuroprotection was provided by the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid U74500A. These results suggest that estrogens may be beneficial in acute CNS injuries associated with oxidative and excitotoxic stress. Investigation of high dose estrogen therapy in in vivo models of CNS hemorrhage, trauma, and ischemia is warranted.
Delivery of MicroRNA-10b with Polylysine Nanoparticles for Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Wound Healing

Recent studies revealed that micro RNA-10b (mir-10b) is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells and positively regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion through inhibition of HOXD10 target synthesis. In this study we designed anti-mir-10b molecules and combined them with poly L-lysine (PLL) to test the delivery effectiveness. An RNA molecule sequence exactly matching the mature mir-10b minor antisense showed strong inhibition when mixed with PLL in a wound-healing assay with human breast cell line MDA-MB-231. The resulting PLL-RNA nanoparticles delivered the anti-microRNA molecules into cytoplasm of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner that displayed sustainable effectiveness.
Does intentional support of degree programs in general surgery residency affect research productivity or pursuit of academic surgery

Objective Many residents supplement general surgery training with years of dedicated research, and an increasing number at our institution pursue additional degrees. We sought to determine whether it was worth the financial cost for residency programs to support degrees. Design We reviewed graduating chief residents (n = 69) in general surgery at Vanderbilt University from 2001 to 2010 and collected the data including research time and additional degrees obtained. We then compared this information with the following parameters: (1) total papers, (2) first-author papers, (3) Journal Citation Reports impact factors of journals in which papers were published, and (4) first job after residency or fellowship training. Setting The general surgery resident training program at Vanderbilt University is an academic program, approved to finish training 7 chief residents yearly during the time period studied. Participants Chief residents in general surgery at Vanderbilt who finished their training 2001 through 2010. Results We found that completion of a degree during residency was significantly associated with more total and first-author publications as compared with those by residents with only dedicated research time (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017). Residents completing a degree also produced publications of a higher caliber and level of authorship as determined by an adjusted resident impact factor score as compared with those by residents with laboratory research time only (p = 0.005). Degree completion also was significantly correlated with a first job in academia if compared to those with dedicated research time only (p = 0.046). Conclusions Our data support the utility of degree completion when economically feasible and use of dedicated research time as an effective way to significantly increase research productivity and retain graduates in academic surgery. Aggregating data from other academic surgery programs would allow us to further determine association of funding of additional degrees as a means to encourage academic productivity and retention.
Head–disk interface problems in first-surface near-field optical recording with flying optical head

Abstract Near-field recording (NFR) technology using a flying optical head is applied for high density optical data storage. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film and PFPE lubricant film are coated on utmost NFR disk to reduce the tribological problems. A contamination at the head–disk interface (HDI), especially on a solid immersion lens (SIL) is observed. The contaminants are composed of dust materials from the surroundings and lubricant materials from a disk surface. The contaminants are supposed to be condensed by heat from a writing laser beam at the HDI. To avoid the contamination problem, a cover-layer is coated and a focal plane moved under the cover-layer from the HDI. First-surface near-field recording configuration can be modified by laminating a cover-layer, which enhances the possibility of a practical application with a media removability function.
Basal level of neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes and effect of cyclic AMP agents on the morphological differentiation of isolated neuroblastoma clones.

Basal Level of Neurotransmitter Synthesizing Enzymes and Effect of Cyclic AMP Agents on the Morphological Differentiation of Isolated Neuroblastoma Clones
Showing and telling about emotions: Interrelations between facets of emotional competence and associations with classroom adjustment in Head Start preschoolers

In this study of low income preschoolers (N = 60), we examined relations between three facets of emotional competence: emotion knowledge, level of negative emotion expression, and emotion regulation; and their associations with indicators of classroom adjustment. Emotion knowledge was positively related to positive emotion regulation but was not related to negative emotion expression or negative dysregulation. Negative emotion expression related to emotion regulation variables in expected directions. Negative emotion expression was associated with aggression and social skills after covarying verbal ability, age, and emotion knowledge. Negative dysregulation was related in expected directions to aggression, anxiety, and social skills after covarying verbal ability, age, emotion knowledge, and negative emotion expression. Positive emotion regulation was related negatively to anxiety and positively to social skills after covarying all other variables in the model. Results are discussed with regard to using ...
Comparative study of the patients with locally advanced stages I and II cervical cancer treated by radical surgery with and without preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract Ninty-two patients with locally advanced stages IB, IIA, and IIB cervical cancers, who had completed 4 years of follow-up after treatment with preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical surgery, were compared with 138 patients in same disease status who were treated with radical surgery without preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. In the patients treated with preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (VBP scheme), the chemotherapeutic response was more favorable in squamous cell carcinomas (87%) than that in adenocarcinomas (38%). The detection rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis from the surgical specimens of radical operation was higher in the patients of radical surgery without preoperative chemotherapy (34%; 47/138) than that in the preoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic patients (17%; 16/92, P = 0.005). Recurrence occurred in 50 of 138 patients (35.5%) who were treated by radical surgery without preoperative chemotherapy and in 17 of 92 patients (18.5%) who were treated with preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery. The difference of recurrence rate between two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.004). The tumor-free survival of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic patients was significantly longer than those in the patients without preoperative chemotherapy ( P = 0.0067). Tumor response to chemotherapy was a valuable prognostic factor in management of patients and preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was beneficial in reducing pelvic lymph node metastases, reducing recurrences, and prolonging the survival of the patients with locally advanced cervical cancers, especially in stage IIA.
The prescriptive treatment of school refusal

Abstract Although there is a substantial body of research on the diagnosis and treatment of school refusal, relatively less research has been directed towards identifying variables which predict individuals' response to treatment. Except for a few controlled single case studies in which functional analysis was employed to determine the content of behavioral treatment, the tendency has been to treat all school refusers in similar fashion. This practice has continued despite accumulating evidence of potentially treatment-relevant differences among school refusers. In the review of the literature which follows, evidence for the need for a more prescriptive approach to treatment is presented. Next, models available for making distinctions among school refusers are reviewed. Finally, problems in the existing research that render the relationship between these models and prescriptive treatment choices unclear are discussed in terms of how they affect our current ability to effectively prescribe treatment for school refusers.
NUCLEAR BASIC PROTEINS FROM THE BINUCLEATE DINOFLAGELLATE PERIDINIUM FOLIACEUM (PYRROPHYTA)1

Histories of the endosymbiont nucleus of the binucleate dinoflagellate Peridinium foliaceum Stein were prepared from isolated nuclei and analyzed by peptide mapping, ammo acid composition, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using these criteria, we identified the presence of two HI-like histories and the core histones H3, H2A, H2B, and H4. These histones are similar but not identical to those of the endosymbiont nucleus of the bi-nucleate dinoflagellate Peridinium balticum Levander.
Returns to General, Technical and Vocational Education in Developing Countries:recent evidence from Suriname

We employ a new data set from Suriname to estimate private and social returns to technical, vocational and two tracks of general education (mathematics and language). Return estimates are based on gender-specific wage equations, corrected for sample selection bias and adjusted for unemployment. We find that, for both genders, returns to either general track exceed returns to technical or vocational education. Female returns to the language track exceed those to the mathematics track from the social and private perspective, while for males, both social and private returns in the mathematics track exceed those in the language track.
Interdependence of cardiac and endothelial function in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure of nonischemic etiology.

OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a therapeutic target in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Endothelial dysfunction may impair left ventricular (LV) systolic function by increasing systemic vascular resistance. Conversely, LV impairment may negatively impact endothelial function by reducing shear stress and vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This study was undertaken to determine the association between LV and endothelial function in patients with CHF. METHODS Echocardiographic and vascular ultrasound studies were performed to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) in 30 subjects with stable New York Heart Association class II-III CHF. All patients received optimal medical therapy. RESULTS LVEF averaged 25 +/- 9% and brachial artery FMD 1.3 +/- 2.4%. LVEF strongly correlated with FMD among all patients (r = 0.64, P< 0.001) and among those patients with nonischemic (n = 19, r = 0.66, P = 0.002), but not in patients with ischemic etiology (n = 11, r = 0.27, P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS LVEF and endothelium-dependent NO vasodilatation are strongly correlated in stable ambulatory patients with systolic CHF of nonischemic etiology. Our study underscores the mutual interaction between central cardiac and peripheral vascular function, thus strengthening a mechanistic rationale for the systemic beneficial effects of interventions targeting either the heart or the vascular endothelium in CHF.
Role of the Environment in Chaotic Quantum Dynamics

We study how the interaction with an external incoherent environment induces a crossover from quantum to classical behavior for a particle whose classical motion is chaotic. Posing the problem in the semiclassical regime for weak bath coupling, we find that noise rather than dissipation is primarily responsible for the dephasing that leads to the quantum inhibition of mixing. However, the noise is also shown to inhibit the mixing by enhancing paths that interfere coherently.
Effect of tear location on propagation of isolated supraspinatus tendon tears during increasing levels of cyclic loading.

Background: The morphology of the supraspinatus tendon may affect tear propagation. It was hypothesized that tears located in the anterior third of the supraspinatus tendon would propagate more readily and would require lower loads to reach critical amounts of tear propagation than those located in the middle third of the supraspinatus tendon. Methods: Twenty-three fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders were tested under increasing levels of cyclic loading. Tears were created in the anterior third (Group A, n = 10) or the middle third (Group M, n = 13) of the supraspinatus tendon. The maximum load at which a critical tear retraction was reached and the tear area for the final loading set were compared between groups. A correlation analysis was also performed for age compared with maximum load. Results: No significant differences were found between the anterior-third tear group (Group A) and the middle-third tear group (Group M) in maximum load (p = 0.09) or tear area (p = 0.6). However, Group A first reached a 100% increase in tear size at a significantly lower load than Group M (p = 0.03). Strong negative correlations were detected between age and maximum load in Group A (τ = −0.82) and Group M (r = −0.63). Conclusions: Other factors being equal, tears in the anterior supraspinatus tendon may propagate more readily than tears in the tendon’s middle part. Age may be a factor for tear propagation. Clinical Relevance: Older patients and patients with tears in the anterior supraspinatus should be followed especially carefully.
Measuring Solid Angles Beyond Dimension Three

The dot product formula allows one to measure an angle determined by two vectors, and a formula known to Euler and Lagrange outputs the measure of a solid angle in ${\Bbb R}^3$ given its three spanning vectors. However, there appears to be no closed form expression for the measure of an n-dimensional solid angle for n > 3. We derive a multivariable (infinite) Taylor series expansion to measure a simplicial solid angle in terms of the inner products of its spanning vectors. We then analyze the domain of convergence of this hypergeometric series and show that it converges within the natural boundary for solid angles.
Making Students Part of the Safe Schools Solution.

Students are a valuable resource in promoting a safe school climate. Their participation in safe schools' initiatives leads to long-term ben efits and fosters healthy interpersonal relationships that will assist them for the rest of their life.
Clinical Experience with Mirtazapine in the Treatment of Panic Disorder

Data from treatment trials and biological challenge studies implicate involvement of both the serotonergic and the noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Mirtazapine, a newer antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action enhancing both norepinephrine and serotonin levels without reuptake inhibition, is a good candidate for the treatment of panic disorder. Ten adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder were treated openly with mirtazapine. Starting dose and titration were determined by individual clinical characteristics. Data on emergent side effects and clinical response were obtained at all follow-up visits, which typically occurred biweekly for 16 weeks. At the first follow-up visit (week 2-3), 4 of 10 patients met the criteria for response. Based on all available data, seven of the original sample demonstrated an acute response (defined as CGI = 2 or 3) by weeks 5-7, and six continued to have a positive long-term response at the 16-week end point. Side effects were reported by seven patients, with increased appetite and weight gain the most common. Prominent antihistaminic side effects such as sedation, enhanced appetite, and anxiolysis were often desired in the initial phase of treatment.
Cytokine activity contributes to induction of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in spinal cord following contusion

Injury of the spinal cord leads to an inflammatory tissue response, probably mediated in part by cytokines. Because a common therapy for acute spinal cord injury is the use of an antiinflammatory synthetic glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone), we sought to determine mechanisms contributing to inflammation shortly after acute injury. Cytokine mRNAs [interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-6] were increased during the first 2 hr following weight-drop compression injury by RNase protection assay, prior to the reported appearance of circulating lymphocytes. This immediate pattern of cytokine mRNA induction could be replicated in cultured, explanted spinal cord slices but not in whole blood of injured animals, which is consistent with a tissue source of cytokine mRNAs. Western blotting detected IL-1beta-like immunoreactivity released into culture medium following explantation and pro-IL-1beta-like immunoreactivity in freshly dissected spinal cord tissue. Pharmacologically blocking IL-1 and TNF-alpha receptors significantly reduced expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha mRNAs. Finally, mice lacking both IL-1 and TNF-alpha receptors exhibited diminished induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1ra mRNAs following injury. Therefore, we conclude that contusion injury induces an immediate release of cytokines, which then contributes to the induction of cytokine mRNAs.
Presidents on the textbook presidency

Abstract Recent research shows that idealized accounts of the presidency still dominate pre-college textbooks on American government. Little attention has been given to presidential presentations of the office and their relationship to the textbook presidency, despite the symbolic significance of the presidency and a president's opportunity to further define or refine the institution through rhetoric. This study compares the presentation of the presidency by three post-Watergate presidents to the textbook presidency. This study finds that while presidents do present a more realistic portrait of a president's economic and legislative leadership, they describe life in the White House, and their roles as Chief of State, Publicly Accountable Leader, and Commander in Chief, in ways that more frequently support than modify the textbook version of the presidency.
Growth of high-quality single crystal of KLiYF5 by TSSG method

We report for the first time the growth of large size single crystals of KLiYF5 (KLYF) by TSSG method using the conventional weight-feed-back automatic diameter control Czochralski puller. We also succeeded to grow for the first time single crystals of KLiGdF5 (KLGF). We constructed a new pseudo-binary phase diagram for the KF-LiF-YF3 system. Both KLYF and KLGF melt peritectically. They both showed high optical anisotropy as we expected. However, this anisotropy comes from the layer structure of the crystal which also gives a perfect set of (010) cleavage plane. At present, this is a problem preventing us to get crack-free single crystals.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multibit Fault Injection for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays with Simple, Portable Fault Injector

Static random-access-memory-based field-programmable gate array devices are an attractive option for onboard data processing in space systems due to higher computational capabilities and a lower power envelope than traditional processing devices. However, field-programmable gate arrays present unique reliability verification challenges because single-event upsets can trigger both data errors and configuration memory errors, which may cause deviations from the expected system functionality. To evaluate system reliability, traditional fault-injection testing uses numerous test vectors to observe the effects induced by a change of a single configuration memory bit at a time. This single-bit fault-injection methodology provides high fault coverage and testing repeatability, but it requires a long fault-injection time due to the large number of test vectors required to verify the entire design’s functionality. Long injection times are further exacerbated as configuration memory size and design complexity incre...
Trap Comparisons and Behavioral Observations for the Male Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Captures of male southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), were significantly higher in an International Pheromone Systems (IPS) trap than in any of three sizes of wire cone traps or in a cylindrical trap. Observations of moths with night visionamplifying goggles verified the high attractiveness of the pheromone lure and revealed sustained direct lure contact by male moths. The IPS trap appeared to be most suitable to integrated pest management programs because of its high catch, economy, ease of service and transport, and apparent durability.
Optimization of the properties of 10Sc1CeSZ–NiO composite by the redox treatment

For a 10Sc1CeSZ–NiO porous ceramic composite used as a material of the anode-substrate of a ceramic fuel cell, we propose to perform the redox treatment (cycling) each individual cycle of which includes the reduction of a material at 600°C for 4 h with subsequent stepwise oxidation in air under the same conditions. This enables us to obtain 10Sc1CeSZ–Ni anodic cermet with elevated conductivity despite the lowered content of nickel oxide. Its strength remains on the level of strength of the composite in the initial state.
Glucocorticoids change the ratio of type III to type I procollagen extracellularly.

Abstract Rat skin fibroblasts were treated with dexamethasone and labeled with radioactive proline for 2 hours. Intracellular and extracellular procollagens were immunoprecipitated with monospecific polyclonal antibodies. Both intracellular and extracellular types I and III procollagen were decreased coordinately by glucocorticoid treatment. The ratio of type III to type I procollagen was -the same for control and dexamethasonetreated cell cultures. However, when rat skin fibroblasts were prelabeled with radioactive proline and chased in the presence of unlabeled proline the ratio of type III to type I extracellular procollagens remained constant in the glucocorticoid-treated cells and increased in control fibroblasts.