cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity Changes Due to Degradation of Cathode Film Subjected to Charge–Discharge Cycles in a Li Ion Battery

A battery device with graphene platelets as anode, lithium nickel manganese oxide as cathode, and solid-state electrolyte consisting of layers of lithium phosphorous oxynitride and lithium lanthanum titanate is assembled on the stainless steel substrate. The battery in a polymer enclosure is subjected to several electrical tests consisting of charge and discharge cycles at different current and voltage levels. Thermal conductivity of the cathode layer is determined at the end of charge-discharge cycles using transient thermoreflectance. The microstructure and composition of the cathode layer and the interface between the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping. The decrease in the thermal conductivity of the same cathode observed after each set of electrical test cycles is correlated with the volume changes and formation of low ionic and thermal conductivity lithium oxide and lithium oxychloride at the interface and along porous regions. The interface between the metal current collector and the cathode is also found to be responsible for the increase in thermal resistance. The results indicate that changes in the thermal conductivity of the electrodes provide a measure of the resistance to heat transfer and degradation of ionic transport in the cathode accompanying the charge–discharge cycles in the batteries.
College Arrests and Later Criminal Convictions: An Examination of the Cumulative Disadvantage of Misconduct While in College

Crimes committed by college students have recently revealed some disturbing forms of misconduct. We know little however, about the sustained criminal behavior of this group in the decades following...
QUALITY AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DATING OF MILK1

There has been a sharp decline in the incidence and extent of dating ordinances in the past decade. Six areas now have dating ordinances compared with 21 in 1957. Per cent of the U. S. population residing in areas where dating of milk is required declined from 15 to 9% from 1957 to 1969. No area has adopted dating regulations since 1957. Furthermore, enforcement of dating regulations is prohibited by state legislation in Illinois, Ohio, Connecticut, and Virginia. Four areas which have retained dating ordinances have increased the time period allowable between time of pasteurization and sale of milk to consumers. Two jurisdictions do not specify a time limitation between pasteurization and sale of milk. Expiration dating is required in New York City, Baltimore and Jefferson County (incl. Birmingham), Ala. Pasteurization dating is required in the State of New Jersey, St. Louis, and Suburban Philadelphia. Adoption of the U. S. Public Health Service Grade “A” Pasteurized Milk Ordinance by many states appears ...
A cell penetrating ARF peptide inhibitor of the Foxm1 transcription factor is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo

1445 The mammalian Forkhead Box (Fox) family of transcription factors consists of more than 50-mammalian proteins that share homology in the winged helix DNA binding domain. Expression of the Foxm1 transcription factor is ubiquitous in all proliferating mammalian cells and tumor derived cell lines where it regulates expression of cell cycle genes critical for DNA replication and mitosis. We previously used the Albumin Promoter/Enhancer Cre Recombinase (Alb-Cre) transgene to mediate hepatocyte-specific deletion of the mouse Foxm1 fl/fl targeted allele prior to hepatic tumor induction by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/Phenobarbital (PB) treatment. Foxm1 deficient (-/-) hepatocytes failed to proliferate and were resistant to development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in response to DEN/PB exposure. Furthermore, Foxm1 activity is inhibited by a cell penetrating peptide corresponding to amino acids 26 to 44 of the ARF tumor suppressor protein fused to nine D-Arginine (D-Arg) residues. In this study, we used the Interferon a/b-inducible Mx-Cre transgene to conditionally delete the Foxm1 fl/fl allele in preexisting mouse liver tumors induced by DEN/PB treatment and genetically demonstrated that Foxm1 is required for proliferation of hepatic tumor cells during tumor progression. To reduce in vivo function of Foxm1 in HCC, mice were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injections with a cell penetrating wild type (D-Arg)9 ARF 26-44 (WT ARF 26-44) peptide. After 4 weeks of WT ARF 26-44 peptide treatment, HCC regions displayed reduced proliferation and capillary development and a significant increase in HCC apoptosis without inducing damage to the adjacent normal liver tissue. This selective apoptosis correlated with a 90% reduction in levels of the anti-apoptotic survivin protein and was independent of the p53-PUMA transcriptional pro-apoptosis pathway. In contrast, no effect on proliferation, apoptosis or capillary development of HCC was found in mice treated with the cell penetrating mutant (D-Arg)9 ARF 37-44 (Mut. ARF 37-44) peptide, which was missing sequences necessary to interact with the Foxm1 protein. Furthermore, the WT ARF 26-44 peptide was able to induce apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro. This HepG2 cell apoptosis correlated with diminished expression of the mitotic regulatory proteins polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), aurora B kinase and survivin, which are transcriptional targets of FoxM1 that are highly expressed in cancer cells and function to prevent apoptosis. These studies indicate that the WT ARF 26-44 peptide is effective in limiting HCC tumor progression by selectively inducing liver tumor apoptosis, and therefore, this peptide can be used for HCC treatment in human patients.
CdS 1-x Se x Window Layer for CdTe Prepared by the Exchange of S with Se in CdS Films

Recent studies show that using CdSe as a window material for CdTe solar cells can enhance the current density in both short and long wavelength regions. However, to preserve the high open circuit voltage in this structure, a thin CdS layer at the transparent conducting oxide layer interface is still required. As an alternative to the CdS/CdSe bilayer, we attempted to use a CdS1-xSex window layer to fabricate CdTe devices. Preparation of the CdS1-xSex film was done by heat treating pure CdS films with Se vapor, converting a fraction of the CdS to CdSe by an exchange reaction. The degree of conversion increased as the selenization time was increased. The resultant films showed a mixture of CdSe and CdS phases at short times, and the formation of CdS1-xSex phases at longer times. To study the effect of the selenized window on device performance, sputtered CdTe films were prepared and devices were finished. Current-voltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency measurements showed that the selenized CdS did not perform as well as either sputtered CdS or sputtered CdSe windows. Better control of the intermixing with CdTe and the defect physics could lead to higher performance devices in the future.
Do Online Reviews Improve Product Quality? Evidence from Hotel Reviews on Travel Sites

In this study, we demonstrate empirical evidence supporting the game theoretic argument that the presence of online reviews can curtail branded firms' quality advantage over independent firms due to signaling in experience good markets. Exploiting heterogeneous review platform penetration rates across markets in a dataset covering 89% of U.S. hotels, we show that markets with greater platform penetration exhibit greater gains in independent hotel quality. Independent hotels located in median peak penetration platform-defined markets improved their quality by an average of .129 stars as measured using composite online travel agent (OTA) star ratings, eroding 41% of the advantage held by chains in the absence of online reviews. We address measurement noise challenges for hotel quality and platform penetration using state space models to reveal latent quality and platform penetration trends. Additionally, we resolve endogeneity due to contemporaneous confounds by exploiting review platforms' imperfect market definitions that divide areas of hotel agglomeration into separate review platform markets that quasi-exogenously assign hotels to different levels of exposure to online reviews. Our research suggests that online review platforms play an important role in facilitating competition on quality.
Update on the diagnostic radiology employment market: findings through 2006-2007.

Purpose To describe the employment market for diagnostic radiologists in 2006-2007, with attention to differences among subspecialties. Methods The authors conducted the most recent in a series of annual surveys of vacancies in academic departments and obtained data from the placement service of the American College of Radiology (ACR), its Professional Bureau, during its operation at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. The two data series were correlated. The percentage of academic vacancies in each subspecialty was compared with the percentage of academic radiologists in that subspecialty. Results Job listings per job seeker at the placement service, which serves both community and academic positions, were 0.72 for 2007 compared with approximately 1.1 to 1.2 for 2003 to 2006 and variation from 0.25 to 3.8 in the preceding decade. The correlation of the two data series was 0.84 ( P = .08) for the 5 years for which both are available. Particularly high ratios of academic vacancies to academic radiologists were found for interventional radiology and breast imaging; particularly low ratios were found for neuroradiology and nuclear radiology. Conclusions The job market remains very much intermediate between the highs and lows that have occurred since 1990, but finding highly desirable jobs is likely to be somewhat more difficult, and filling vacancies somewhat easier, in 2007 than in the past few years. Interventional radiology and breast imaging are the subspecialties in which academic positions are most difficult to fill; neuroradiology and nuclear radiology seem to be at the opposite end of the spectrum. The same differences across subspecialties are probably found in community practice, given the strong correlation of the two data series.
Individual Based Modelling of Fish Migration in a 2-D River System: Model Description and Case Study.

Diadromous fish populations in the Pacific Northwest face challenges along their migratory routes from declining habitat quality, harvest, and barriers to longitudinal connectivity. These stressors complicate the prioritization of proposed management actions intended to improve conditions for migratory fishes including anadromous salmon and trout. We describe a multi-scale hybrid mechanistic–probabilistic simulation model linking migration corridor conditions to fish fitness outcomes. We demonstrate the model’s utility using a case study of salmon and steelhead adults in the Columbia River migration corridor exposed to spatially- and temporally-varying stressors. The migration corridor simulation model is based on a behavioral decision tree that governs individual interactions with the environment, and an energetic submodel that estimates the hourly costs of migration. Emergent properties of the migration corridor simulation model include passage time, energy use, and survival. We observed that the simulated fish’s initial energy density, the migration corridor temperatures they experienced, and their history of behavioral thermoregulation were the primary determinants of their fitness outcomes. Insights gained from use of the model might be exploited to identify management interventions that increase successful migration outcomes. This paper describes new methods that extend the suite of tools available to aquatic biologists and conservation practitioners. We have developed a 2-dimensional spatially-explicit behavioral and physiological model and illustrated how it can be used to simulate fish migration within a river system. Our model can be used to evaluate trade-offs between behavioral thermoregulation and fish fitness at population scales.
Connections between structured tight frames and sum-of-squares optimization

This note describes a new technique for generating tight frames that have a high degree of symmetry and entrywise Gramian structure. The technique is based on a "lifting" construction through which, from non-maximal real equiangular tight frames of N vectors in r-dimensional space, we produce real unit-norm tight frames of
Use a Standard Nomenclature to Guide a Safe and Efficient Parathyroid Surgery

Abstract Introduction: We have proposed a standard nomenclature system for parathyroid adenoma in 2009.1 This nomenclature offers an effective communication strategy between physicians when interpr...
The Mythical McCulloch

Generations of lawyers have been taught that McCulloch v. Maryland is the foundational precedent that established an expansive view of national power under the U.S. Constitution. In The Spirit of the Constitution: John Marshall and the 200-Year Odyssey of McCulloch v. Maryland, David S. Schwartz maintains that this is a myth created by twentieth-century progressives in order to make the expansive view they favored seem more venerable than it really is. I am satisfied that he has proved his case, though I am less sure that his revisionist history throws any new light on the spirit of the Constitution. Schwartz’s detailed commentary does sharpen the issues raised by recent efforts to cabin the expansive view of national power that McCulloch supposedly established. He likes what the progressives did with Chief Justice Marshall’s opinion and he laments the federalism decisions that began with United States v. Lopez in 1995. Schwartz thinks McCulloch has now been turned into a “splendid bauble,” but the truth is just the opposite. After thirty-five years, we have a few Supreme Court decisions whose effects have been trivial and whose pretended limits on federal power can easily be evaded. So far, the federalism revival has produced only pretty baubles, and the Court’s opinions promise nothing of any greater significance in the future.
Ethics and Global Finance.

The globalized era of twenty-first century is witnessing a drastic decline in moral and ethical standards in all spheres of life, including economics. This deterioration in moral standards is all pervasive and has assumed a cross-national and multi-disciplinary character. The article ‘Ethics and Global Finance’ is an analysis of our financial system in the backdrop of the recent economic crisis. Going beyond the economic dimensions, an earnest attempt has been made to bring out the reasons that emanated from the failing moral and ethical standards that finally culminated in the Great Economic Crisis of 2007-2008. It analyzes why unlike the other sectors of the economy, a deterioration of ethical behaviour in our financial transactions has to be viewed with much more vigilance. There are certain suggestive measures added towards the end of the article to improve the present financial scenario.
The Effect of Supervision Waivers on Practice: A Survey of Massachusetts Nurse Practitioners During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background While optimal utilization of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce is an increasingly popular proposal to alleviate the growing primary care shortage, federal, state, and organizational scope of practice policies inhibit NPs from practicing to the full extent of their license and training. In March of 2020, NP state-specific supervisory requirements were temporarily waived to meet the demands of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Massachusetts. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the impact of temporarily waived state practice restrictions on NP perception of care delivery during the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts. Research design Mixed methods descriptive analysis of a web-based survey of Massachusetts NPs (N=391), conducted in May and June 2020. Results The vast majority (75%) of NPs believed the temporary removal of practice restriction did not perceptibly improve clinical work. Psychiatric mental health NPs were significantly more likely than other NP specialties to believe the waiver improved clinical work (odds ratio=6.68, P=0.001). NPs that experienced an increase in working hours during the pandemic surge were also more likely to report a positive effect of the waiver (odds ratio=2.56, P=0.000). Conclusions Temporary removal of state-level practice barriers alone is not sufficient to achieve immediate full scope of practice for NPs. The successful implementation of modernized scope of practice laws may require a collective effort to revise organizational and payer policies accordingly.
The Dark Triad trait of psychopathy and message framing predict risky decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effects of framing on risky decision-making have been studied extensively in research using Kahneman and Tversky's (1981) hypothetical scenario about a contagious Asian disease. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to test how message framing affects risky decision-making when millions of real lives are at stake worldwide. In a sample of US adults (N = 294), we investigated the effects of message framing and personality (Dark Triad traits) in relation to risky decision-making during the COVID-19 crisis. We found that both gain- and loss-framing influenced risk choice in response to COVID-19. People were more risk-averse in the loss condition of the current study compared to the benchmark established by Tversky and Kahneman (1981). Among the Dark Triad traits, psychopathy emerged as the significant predictor of risk taking, suggesting that people who score high in psychopathy are more likely to gamble with other people's lives during the COVID-19 crisis. We suggest that both voters and pandemic-related public awareness campaigns should consider the possibility that decision-makers with psychopathic tendencies may take greater risks with other people's lives during a pandemic. In addition, the framing of public-health messages should be tailored to increase the chances of compliance with government restrictions.
School Psychoeducational Assessment Process

The process of a school psychoeducational assessment differs from the clinical psychological or neuropsychological assessment process. The school-based process begins with educator and caregiver acknowledgement that a student is experiencing psychoeducational difficulties that persist despite mainstream teaching efforts. A Planning and Placement Team of caregivers, educators, and school-based specialists is designated and comes together to review a student’s situation. As part of such a review, the Team identifies types of evaluative data that would be helpful in guiding the design of a suitable educational plan. Often, a psychoeducational assessment is included in the data requested by the Team. The formal request is made by the Team, with permission from parents or caregivers.
Parental and Family Predictors of Adolescent Weight Loss and Health Change in a Multidisciplinary Obesity Intervention

v Introduction 1 Theoretical Framework: Systems Theory 3 Home Environment 6 Parent Level Factors 10 Obesity in Black Children 19 Specific Aims 22 Methods 23 Participants 23 Procedure 26 Measures 27 Statistical Analyses 31 Results 33 Descriptive Statistics 33 Aim 1/Hypothesis 1 38 Aim 2/Hypothesis 2 41 Discussion 44 Home Environment 47 Parental attitudes and Behavior 49 Limitations 51 Future Directions 53 Summary and Conclusions 55 References 58 Appendices 69 A. Demographics Questionnaire 69 B. Family Environment Scale (FES) 70 C. Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) 72 Vita 74
Experimental Data Analysis

Reaction rate determination from experimental data is generally an essential part of evaluating enzyme or microorganism growth kinetics and the effects on them. Commonly used methods include forward, centered, or backward finite difference equations using two or more data points. Another commonly applied method for determining rates is least-square regression techniques, and when the sought function is unknown, polynomials are often applied to represent the data. The cubic spline functions presented in this article represent a versatile method of evaluating rates. The advantage in using this method is that experimental error may be largely accounted for by the incorporation of a smoothing step of the experimental data without force-fitting of the data. It also works well when data are unevenly spaced (often the case for experiments running over long periods of time). The functions are easily manipulated, and the algorithm can be written concisely for computer programming. The development of spline functions to determine derivatives as well as integrals is presented.
Logical-Probabilistic Calculus: A Tool for Studying the Reliability and Safety of Structurally Complex Systems

The concept of the probabilistic logic is briefly described as an extension of inductive logic. A clear distinction is made between the probabilistic logic and logical-probabilistic calculus—the branch of mathematics that defines the rules of computation and operation with two-valued (true and false) statements. The logical-probabilistic calculus is based on the algebra of logic and rules of substitution of logical arguments in functions of the algebra of logic by their truth probabilities, and logical operations by arithmetical operations.
32P-labeling of mitochondrial protein and lipid fractions and their relation to oxidative phosphorylation.

Abstract Evidence is presented that phosphorylated proteins or lipids containing phosphohistidine, phosphoserine, or other phosphoryl groups stable to phenol extraction at acidic, near neutral, or alkaline pH do not serve as intermediates in the formation of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial particles. Suggestions of phosphoproteins as intermediates are thus considered to be tenuous. It has been shown that an unidentified, apparently protein-bound, and very labile phosphate fraction rapidly formed from 32Pi in mitochondria and particles probably represents a specifically occluded Pi and not a labile phosphoryl derivative. This Pi does not appear to be at or near the site of oxidative phosphorylation. In intact mitochondria, bound phosphohistidine is labeled much more rapidly and initially to a greater extent than phosphoserine or lipid phosphate fractions, and independently from the labeling of these fractions. Phosphohistidine may be labeled directly from Pi, but labeling of the phosphoserine and lipid phosphate fractions by 32Pi appears to occur only via intermediate formation of AT32P. Transphosphorylation among the various fractions does not occur under conditions tested. Most of the lipid phosphate labeling from AT32P occurs near the mitochondrial surface in an atractyloside-insensitive locus.
Constituent Power and Constitutional Change in American Constitutionalism

In this article, which is an extension and revision of my previous work, I argue that three ideas are fundamental to understanding the theory of constitutional change and the role of "constituent" or democratic power in constitutional change: (1) Political constitutions are self-enforcing documents; (2) How constitutional change occurs is influenced by the degree to which the constitution has been "legalized;" and (3) Change can be constitutional without being legal. That is, a significant amount of constitutional change occurs through the ordinary political process. I describe each idea briefly and then provide a more detailed discussion by situating the relationship between constituent power and constitutional change in the context of the early republic. I then discuss some of the difficult methodological issues raised by the study of non-legal or informal constitutional change. Finally, I use the example of presidential power, referencing impeachment and the post-9/11 debate, to illustrate how informal constitutional change can serve as a lens for understanding contemporary U.S. constitutionalism.
Concepts of Childhood: What We Know and Where We Might Go

The publication some forty years ago of the landmark work by Philippe Aries, entitled Centuries of Childhood in its widely-read English translation, unleashed decades of scholarly investigation of that once-neglected target, the child. Since then, historians have uncovered the traces of attitudes toward children — were they neglected, exploited, abused, cherished? — and patterns of child-rearing. They have explored such issues, among others, as the varieties of European household structure; definitions of the stages of life; childbirth, wetnursing, and the role of the midwife; child abandonment and the foundling home; infanticide and its prosecution; apprenticeship, servitude, and fostering; the evolution of schooling; the consequences of religious diversification; and the impact of gender. This essay seeks to identify key features and recent trends amid this abundance of learned inquiry.
Development of a 500 Å spatial resolution light microscope: I. light is efficiently transmitted through λ/16 diameter apertures

Abstract We describe the possibility of constructing a scanning optical microscope based on near field imaging which could potentially have spatial resolutions as small as one-tenth the wavelength of the incident light. Initial results are presented which show light transmission through 300 A diameter metal apertures.
Line Segment Facility Location in Weighted Subdivisions

In this paper we present approximation algorithms for solving the line segment facility location problem in weighted regions . The weighted region setup is a more realistic model for many facility location problems that arise in practical applications. Our algorithms exploit an interesting property of the problem, that could possibly be used for solving other problems in weighted regions.
Abstract 34: Hypercoagulable Response After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Does Not Occur in Patients With Hematoma Enlargement

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has high morbidity, and hematoma enlargement (HE) causes worse outcome. Thromboelastography (TEG) measures the dynamics of clot formation and dissolution, and might be useful for assessing bleeding risk. Speed of clot formation in minutes is measured by parameters R, K, and delta, and clot strength in dynes of resistance by MA and G. We used TEG to detect changes in clotting in patients with and without HE after ICH. Methods: This prospective study included 64 patients with spontaneous ICH admitted from 2009 to 2013. TEG was performed within 6 hours of symptom onset and after 36 hours. Brain imaging was obtained at baseline and 36 ±12 hours, and HE defined as total volume increase > 6cc or >33%.TEG was also obtained from 57 healthy controls. Comparisons between groups were assessed by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable regression was performed after controlling for potential confounders. Results: Age and gender were not different between ICH patients and controls. Compared to controls, ICH patients demonstrated faster and stronger clot formation; shorter R and delta (p Discussion: TEG may detect important coagulation changes in patients with ICH; clotting may become faster and stronger in immediate response to ICH; a less robust response may be associated with HE. These findings may have relevance to patient management and deserve further investigation. Delta values at baseline for controls, all hemorrhage patients, hemorrhage enlargement (HE) + and (HE) - patients.
Solar ultraviolet-B radiation in urban environments: the case of Baltimore, Maryland.

Abstract Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320 nm) has important effects in urban areas, including those on human health. Broadband UV-B radiation is monitored in Baltimore, MD, as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a long-term ecological research program. We compare broadband UV-B irradiance in Baltimore with UV-B at two nearby locations: a more rural station 64 km southeast and a suburban station 42 km southwest. The monitoring station in Baltimore is on the roof of a 33-m-tall building; there are no significant obstructions to sky view. The U.S. Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program provided all sensors, which were calibrated at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Central UV Calibration Facility. UV-B irradiances at the three sites generally were similar. Over all conditions, Baltimore and the suburban site measured 3.4% less irradiance than the rural site. This difference is within the anticipated ±3% calibration uncertainty of the pyranometers. On 59 days...
The Real Modern Family … Can Be Real Complicated

The author describes, based upon her first-hand experience, running a program providing services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) parents, families, and their extended families; some of the complexities of gay parenting; and some of the unique challenges faced by LGBT families. Throughout this paper, she notes the relevant roles mental health providers may occupy in assisting such families.
Thermally Developing Electro-osmotic Convection in Microchannels with Finite Debye-Layer Thickness

ABSTRACT Thermally developing electro-osmotically generated flow with in circular microtubes with finite Debye-layer thickness has been analyzed. This study focuses on finite Debye-layer effects, a scenario for which the velocity distribution across the tube cross section varies with the ratio of tube radius and Debye length (termed here the relative microtube radius). Numerical solution of the hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing transport for such a flow is presented in this article. The effect of variations in the relative microtube radius and strength of the Joule and viscous heating on the thermal transport are explored over the possible ranges of the governing parameters.
Interaction between the D2 Dopamine Receptor and Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 analyzed by fluorescence anisotropy

Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a small calcium binding protein that plays a key role in the internalization and desensitization of activated D2 dopamine receptors (D2Rs). Here, we have used fluorescence anisotropy (FA) and a panel of NCS-1 EF-hand variants to interrogate the interaction between the D2R and NCS-1. Our data are consistent with the following conclusions. (1) FA titration experiments indicate that at low D2R peptide concentrations calcium-loaded NCS-1 binds to the D2R peptide in a monomeric form. At high D2R peptide concentrations, the FA titration data are best fit by a model in which the D2R peptide binds two NCS-1 monomers sequentially in a cooperative fashion. (2) Competition FA experiments in which unlabeled D2R peptide was used to compete with labeled peptide for binding to NCS-1 shifted titration curves to higher NCS-1 concentrations, suggesting that the binding of NCS-1 to the D2R is highly specific and that binding occurs in a cooperative fashion. (3) N-Terminally myristoylated NCS-1 dimerizes in a calcium-dependent manner. (4) Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK-293 confirm that NCS-1 can oligomerize in cell lysates and that oligomerization is dependent on calcium binding and requires functionally intact EF-hand domains. (5) Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) FA titration experiments revealed that NCS-1 EF-hands 2-4 (EF2-4) contributed to binding with the D2R peptide. EF2 appears to have the highest affinity for Ca(2+), and occupancy of this site is sufficient to promote high-affinity binding of the NCS-1 monomer to the D2R peptide. Magnesium ions may serve as a physiological cofactor with calcium for NCS-1-D2R binding. Finally, we propose a structural model that predicts that the D2R peptide binds to the first 60 residues of NCS-1. Together, our results support the possibility of using FA to screen for small molecule drugs that can specifically block the interaction between the D2R and NCS-1.
Cardiovascular collapse in a 77-year-old-woman with an asthma exacerbation following bronchodilator treatment

A 77-year-old woman presented to the walk-in clinic with a 1-week history of increasing dyspnea and wheezing. She had a history of frequent episodes of shortness of breath triggered by various irritants such as dust and fumes, and asthma was diagnosed 12 years earlier. Recent pulmonary function studies showed a reduced FEV1 and FVC but a preserved ratio. Lung volumes showed a normal total lung capacity but elevated residual volume/total lung capacity ratio consistent with airtrapping; specific airway conductance was normal and a methacholine challenge test had not been done. In the clinic, she was treated with nebulized albuterol and ipratropium and was sent home with the advice to continue her albuterol inhaler as needed. The next day, she presented again with worsening symptoms despite the frequent use of albuterol. The patient was found to have severe wheezing bilaterally. Shortly after another treatment with nebulized albuterol and ipratropium was started, worsening dyspnea and hypotension developed. She received IV methylprednisolone and was transferred via ambulance to the hospital. She had a history of mild hypertension for which she was started on hydrochlorothiazide 2 months ago. Physical Examination
Generation of recombinant influenza A viruses lacking immunodominant CD8 + T cell epitopes

The induction of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response following influenza infection can lead to the formation of immunity capable of recognizing viruses of a different antigenicity. Our ability to exploit such broadly reactive responses in vaccination strategies is hampered by a lack of understanding on the regulation of CTL responses. In this report, we describe the utilization of reverse genetics to produce a range of recombinant viruses lacking immunodominant murine CTL epitopes. Recombinant viruses lacking the epitopes had indistinguishable growth properties in vitro and in vivo compared with the wild-type virus. Analysis of a primary immune response to these viruses showed that mutation of the anchor-binding residue leads to a loss of a response to that epitope, but no compensating increase in responses to other immunodominant epitopes. The utilization of reverse genetics and the murine model of influenza infection hold great promise for elucidating the factors regulating the CTL response.
Quantitative Analysis of Melanocytic Tissue Array Reveals Inverse Correlation between Activator Protein-2α and Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Expression during Melanoma Progression

The identification of molecular markers of melanoma progression is needed to more accurately stage and identify treatments for patients with malignant melanoma. Previously, we demonstrated that loss of the activator protein-2 α (AP-2 α ) expression results in overexpression of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in human melanoma cell lines. Here, we used a tissue microarray platform that consisted of 64 melanocytic lesions, including dysplastic nevi ( N =21), primary melanoma ( N =20), and metastatic melanoma ( N =23). We analyzed the expression of AP-2 and PAR-1 simultaneously by immunofluorescent microscopy with an automated quantification laser scanning cytometer. AP-2 was highly expressed in normal cutaneous melanocytes and dysplastic nevi but not in melanoma metastases. We observed a significantly higher number of AP-2-positive cells in the dysplastic nevi ( P =0.0013) and primary melanoma ( P =0.0023) compared to the metastatic melanoma. In contrast, we observed a significantly higher percentage of PAR-1-positive cells in the metastatic melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi ( P =0.0072) and primary melanoma ( P =0.0138). Increased expression of PAR-1 in metastatic melanomas contributes to tumor progression by modulating expression of genes, such as IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and integrins. These findings support our hypothesis that loss of AP-2 is a crucial event in the progression of human melanoma and contributes to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype via upregulation of PAR-1.
Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide in a patient receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a novel approach to guide renal dose adjustments.

Procainamide and its major metabolite, N-acetyl procainamide (NAPA), prolong the QTc interval and can promote potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Excretion of procainamide and NAPA is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting in drug accumulation and toxicity. The elimination of procainamide or NAPA in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has not been evaluated increasing the risk for subtherapeutic or toxic dosing regimens. This case report describes a patient undergoing CRRT who was administered procainamide for recurring ventricular tachycardia (VT) over approximately a 36 hour period. The patient required increased vasopressor therapy and developed QTc prolongation during procainamide administration. The VT resided following pacemaker adjustments, procainamide administration, and multiple direct current cardioversion attempts. Procainamide and NAPA concentrations were determined over a 120 hour period as part of routine clinical care and a pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM. The developed PK model was used to simulate several procainamide dosing regimens to optimize therapy during CRRT. Based on the model-based simulations, a 50% reduction in the procainamide maintenance dose (2 mg/min) in CKD patients on CRRT can achieve therapeutic plasma procainamide and combined procainamide/NAPA concentrations.
Kant's Psychologism, Part I

In this paper, I shall argue that the most moderate and balanced way to view Kant's transcendental philosophy is as a species of psychological investigation analogous to Hume's, but refounded on a doctrine of pure (a priori) sensibility, such as Hume never allowed himself (and may never even have thought of). This might seem to fly in the face of what many interpreters of Kant deem conventional wisdom: that the burden of proof is on one who claims that psychology is essential to transcendental philosophy. On this view, there is to be found in Kant ‘a more austere strictly transcendental philosophy’, which needs to be carefully distinguished from the psychological doctrines in which it is enmeshed; and they would insist on being convinced of the contrary before abandoning a position that, in their eyes, is the most moderate and balanced an interpreter of Kant can adopt. My purpose in this two-part essay is to urge them to think again. For while there can be no question of Kant's opposition to empiricism, it is equally certain that his praise for Hume was never freer or more unreserved than in respect of the latter's psycho-genetic approach to cognition. So, rather than supposing that Kant ipso facto rejected solutions to philosophical problems grounded on psychology when he rejected Hume's empiricism, it seems to me that the more moderate and balanced interpretive approach is to begin by supposing that Kant's transcendental philosophy is a species of philosophical psychology in the same mould as Hume's, differing from it only by virtue of involving a priori syntheses of a manifold of a priori intuition.
Discrete modeling of continuous interval systems using higher-order integrators

A higher-order integrator approach is proposed to obtain an approximate discrete-time transfer function for uncertain continuous systems having interval uncertainties. Thanks to simple algebraic operations of this approach, the resulting discrete model is a rational function of the uncertain parameters. The problem of non-linearly coupled coefficients of exponential nature in the exact discrete-time transfer function is therefore circumvented. Furthermore, interval structure of the uncertain continuous-time system is preserved in the resulting discrete model by using this approach. Formulas to obtain the lower and upper bounds for the discrete interval system are derived, so that existing robust results in the discrete-time domain can be easily applied to the discretized system. Digital simulation and design for the continuous-time interval plant can then be performed based on the obtained discrete-time interval model.
Properties of trapped neutrons interacting with realistic nuclear Hamiltonians

We calculate properties of neutron drops in external potentials using both quantum Monte Carlo and no-core full configuration techniques. The properties of the external wells are varied to examine different density profiles. We compare neutron drop results given by a selection of nuclear Hamiltonians, including realistic two-body interactions as well as several three-body forces. We compute a range of properties for the neutron drops: ground-state energies, spin-orbit splittings, excitation energies, radial densities and rms radii. We compare the equations of state for neutron matter for several of these Hamiltonians. Our results can be used as benchmarks to test other many-body techniques and to constrain properties of energy-density functionals.
Abstract 3012: Converging effectors of airway lineage specification and metastasis in lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a deadly and heterogeneous subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. During LUAD progression, the emergence of alternate cell lineage traits in primary tumors correlates with poor outcome. The underlying mechanisms and biological consequences of these phenomena are poorly understood. Using an integrated approach, we examined the molecular relationship between cell differentiation states, lung cancer subtypes, and clinical outcome, to discover a role for lineage-restricted genes in the pathogenesis of LUAD (1). Specifically, we identified two airway selective lineage transcription factors, GATA6 and HOPX, as inhibitors of metastatic progression. Down-regulation of their expression in a subset of human tumors correlates with aberrant tumor differentiation and relapses. GATA6 and HOPX cooperatively restrict the metastatic potential of LUAD cells, by modulating converging transcriptional programs of airway epithelial differentiation and malignant invasion. Our findings demonstrate that perturbation of intrinsic cell lineage pathways is a determinant of metastasis in specific lung cancers. The implications of these findings for the origin(s) and treatment of LUAD metastasis will be discussed. (1) Cancer Cell, 23 (6): 725-738. 2013. Citation Format: Don X. Nguyen. Converging effectors of airway lineage specification and metastasis in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3012
Program portfolios: documenting teachers’ growth in reflection‐based inquiry

Meeting the challenge of program accountability is a goal for teacher education programs across the USA. In this context, achieving effective assessment practices that provide concrete evidence of program participants’ knowledge and skills has become both an increasingly significant issue and a challenge to teacher education programs seeking to document the attainment of their program learning outcomes. This qualitative study examined the portfolio reflections of 51 teachers enrolled in an advanced master’s degree program whose learning outcomes are aligned with the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Using the four levels of reflection and a fifth level that emerged from data analysis, we examined the levels of development and change in teachers’ reflections across the program. This analysis helped the researchers to determine to what degree teachers developed a reflection‐based inquiry stance in their classrooms during the program. The study contributes new findi...
Lidocaine iontophoresis mediates analgesia in lateral epicondylalgia treatment.

Background and Purpose. Iontophoresis transcutaneously delivers anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs for the treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Lidocaine is a local anaesthetic with analgesic but no anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the clinical use of lidocaine iontophoresis-mediated analgesia in a larger treatment algorithm for five patients with lateral humeral epicondylalgia. Method. The investigation was a case series design of five subjects, aged 52 (±6) years, with epicondylalgia of 12–393 days' duration. At each treatment session, the patients received cryotherapy, cross-fibre massage and passive stretch. Between sessions analgesia was provided by an 80 mA-min low-current, long-duration lidocaine iontophoresis (LI) over a 24-hour period. Patients were treated on an every-other-day basis for a total of three treatment sessions. Clinical improvements were determined by triplicate measurements of dolorimetric force over the affected epicondyle prior to treatment 1 (baseline), prior to sessions 2 and 3, and one week following the last session. Results. Patients demonstrated an increasing tolerance to dolorimetric force application prior to the next session. The force values prior to session 2 (3.1 (±1.1) Newton (N)) and one week following the third session (3.4 (±0.5) N) were significantly improved from the baseline values (2.1 (±0.9) N). Conclusions. Pain associated with lateral epicondylalgia decreased, and function improved in all patients at the final measurement. One patient returned during the 90-day follow-up period to seek additional medical attention. This investigation documents the potential for analgesia provided by LI in the rehabilitation process of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Michael Pollak and transport in disordered systems

Abstract Scientists are human. Depending on the particular topic, this may be an explanation for the peculiar way in which fields of science advance (like a random walk in a strong external field), an apology for the tendency of scientists to do research, which is currently popular or lucrative (not the hopping conference, as a rule!), or simply a way of saying that certain scientists exemplify the highest human qualities. AS this introduction took form, it became clear that there was something positive to say about Michael Pollak in each context.
Loss of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase reduces ApcMin/+ tumorigenesis.

The Eph receptor A2 (EphA2) is overexpressed in a range of human epithelial cancers, a phenotype that is associated with cancer cell proliferation, progression and angiogenesis. Mouse models of mammary neoplasia have confirmed the role of EphA2 as mice carrying a knockout allele of EphA2 were resistant to breast cancer, a phenotype that was associated with interactions between EphA2 and ErbB2. We investigated in vivo the role of EphA2 in GI cancer. To determine whether EphA2 influences intestinal tumorigenesis, we used qRT-PCR to examine the mRNA expression levels of EphA2 in tumors from the small intestine and colon of ApcMin/+ mice. We found that EphA2 was significantly up-regulated in tumors from both regions when compared with normal control tissues. We then evaluated the spatial expression patterns of EphA2 protein using immunohistochemistry in both the small intestine and colon and found that in normal tissues EphA2 was robustly expressed in highly differentiated cells, such as cells of the villi, but that EphA2 expression was largely absent from the stem cell niche and proliferative zones of intestinal crypts. In contrast, in tumors EphA2 was broadly expressed. Finally, we created a strain of ApcMin/+ mice carrying a genetic knockout of the EphA2 gene. These mice developed significantly fewer and smaller tumors in both the small and large intestine. Overall, our results indicate that EphA2 plays an oncogenic role in the mammalian intestine suggesting that strategies to target EphA2 activity may offer new therapeutic modalities for colorectal cancer. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.