cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dry etching, surface passivation and capping processes for antimonide based photodetectors

III-V antimonide based devices suffer from leakage currents. Surface passivation and subsequent capping of the surfaces are absolutely essential for any practical applicability of antimonide based devices. The quest for a suitable surface passivation technology is still on. In this paper, we will present some of the promising recent developments in this area based on dry etching of GaSb based homojunction photodiodes structures followed by various passivation and capping schemes. We have developed a damage-free, universal dry etching recipe based on unique ratios of Cl2/BCl3/CH4/Ar/H2 in ECR plasma. This novel dry plasma process etches all III-V compounds at different rates with minimal damage to the side walls. In GaSb based photodiodes, an order of magnitude lower leakage current, improved ideality factor and higher responsivity has been demonstrated using this recipe compared to widely used Cl2/Ar and wet chemical etch recipes. The dynamic zero bias resistance-area product of the Cl2/BCl3/CH4/Ar/H2 etched diodes (830 Ω cm2) is higher than the Cl2/Ar (300 Ω cm2) and wet etched (330 Ω cm2) diodes. Ammonium sulfide has been known to passivate surfaces of III-V compounds. In GaSb photodiodes, the leakage current density reduces by a factor of 3 upon sulfur passivation using ammonium sulfide. However, device performance degrades over a period of time in the absence of any capping or protective layer. Silicon Nitride has been used as a cap layer by various researchers. We have found that by using silicon nitride caps, the devices exhibit higher leakage than unpassivated devices probably due to plasma damage during SiNx deposition. We have experimented with various polymers for capping material. It has been observed that ammonium sulfide passivation when combined with parylene capping layer (150 Å), devices retain their improved performance for over 4 months.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of oral administration of estrogens on the 17-ketosteroid excretion of virilized women.

Synthetic estrogens were given orally to virilized women with hirsutism and menstrual disorders, in amounts sufficient to suppress gonadotropin excretion to unmeasurable levels. In most subjects a significant and sustained reduction in urinary 17-ketostcroid excretion was observed both in patients with sclerocystic, ovaries and in those with acquired adrenal virilism. In 2 patients receiving prolonged cyclic therapy, previously enlarged ovaries became impalpable, and in one case the reduced 17-ketosteroid excretion was maintained after therapy. Estrogen therapy significantly decreased urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion in an oophorectomizeel woman, but this effect was minimal in virilized subjects treated with prednisone. Accordingly, a functioning adrenal cortex seems necessary for the estrogen effect. A functioning ovary is not essential, but inhibition of its androgen secretion may result from estrogen therapy. Alteration in the secretion, plasma binding or metabolism of adrenal steroids is a more probab...
Disseminated Aspergillosis in Adult-Onset Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: A Case of Xcind Syndrome

M O N D A Y 544 Disseminated Aspergillosis in Adult-Onset Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: A Case of Xcind Syndrome Kellie J. Lim, MD, E. Richard Stiehm, MD, FAAAAI, Richard Gatti, MD, Otto Yang, MD; UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Los Angeles, CA, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease. RATIONALE: The onset and diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) typically occurs in infancy; however, in rare cases it is diagnosed in adulthood. A 24 year old male of normal intelligence presented with a seizure and was later diagnosed with disseminated aspergillosis with intracranial and pulmonary involvement. He had profound CD4 lymphopenia and subsequently developed hypogammaglobulinemia. He did not have history of recurrent infections and was previously in good health. Physical findings included dysmorphic facies, short stature, and microcephaly; thus radiosensitivity syndromes were considered. METHODS: Colony survival assay (CSA), Western blots, and DNA sequencing were performed. RESULTS: CSA confirmed radiosensitivity. Western blots were performed for genes associated with double-stranded DNA breakage repair, and they were normal for: ATM (ataxia telangiectasia), NBS (Nijmegen breakage syndrome), FANCD2 (Fanconi anemia), APTX (ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome), Artemis (Omenn syndrome and Athabascan-type severe combined immunodeficiency), PNPK, MRE11, and RAD50. Antibody for DNA ligase IVon fibroblast lysates prepared in RIPA buffer failed to detect DNA ligase IV. DNA sequencing of DNA ligase IV did not reveal mutations. CONCLUSIONS: DNA ligase IV deficiency is an XCIND syndrome: X-ray-irradiation sensitivity, Cancer susceptibility, Immunodeficiency, Neurological abnormalities, and Double-strand DNA breakage. DNA ligase IV plays a major role in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and is also involved in physiological V(D)J rearrangement and class switching, thereby leading to immunodeficiency when a mutation occurs.
A Brief History of International School Psychology.

Abstract A century of growth in international school psychology is traced. Its European and North American origins spring, in part, from the need for specialists in school psychology to assist in solving critical social and educational problems. Various conditions and events fostered its development. Four international, regional, and national conferences strongly impacted on school psychology. The creation of the International School Psychology Committee in 1972 helped promote professional dimensions of international school psychology's expansion. The efforts of three key leaders are described briefly. The results of two international surveys are summarized.
Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins

The various protein deposits of brain amyloidosis share common ultrastructural, biophysical, and histological properties. These amyloidogenic deposits can be composed of distinct proteins, which are conceptually associated with different neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloidogenic proteins are typically soluble monomeric precursors, which undergo remarkable conformation changes associated with the polymerization into 8− to 10−nm wide fibrils, which culminate in the formation of amyloid aggregates. Some amyloidogenic inclusions are extracellular, such as senile plaques of Alzheimer’s disease, which are composed of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. However, intracytoplasmic amyloid aggregates, such as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease, are composed of the proteins tau and α-synuclein, respectively. The mounting awareness that the latter proteins are directly linked to the etiology of spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases has resulted in the coining of the terms “tauopathies” and “synucleinopathies.” However, emerging evidence for the overlap in the pathological and clinical features of patients with brain amyloidosis suggests that they may be linked mechanistically. Recently, it was demonstrated that α-synuclein, which has the ability to readily form amyloid in vitro without the need of other co-factors, can initiate tau amyloid formation. Following this initiation step, α-synuclein and tau can synergize the polymerization of each other. Furthermore, increased levels of Aβ peptides in brain can promote the formation of intracellular tau and α-synuclein amyloid aggregates, although the mechanism for this process is still unclear. These results indicate that the formation of amyloid composed of different proteins can affect each other directly or indirectly, likely contributing to the overlap in clinical and pathological features.
Ant patchiness: a spatially quantitative test in coffee agroecosystems

Arboreal ants form patchy spatial patterns in tropical agroforest canopies. Such patchy distributions more likely occur in disturbed habitats associated with lower ant diversity and resource availability than in forests. Yet, few studies have quantitatively examined these patchy patterns to statistically test if ants are non-randomly distributed or at what scale. Coffee agroecosystems form a gradient of management intensification along which vegetative complexity and ant diversity decline. Using field studies and a spatially explicit randomization model, I investigated ant patchiness in coffee agroecosystems in Chiapas, Mexico varying in management intensity to examine if: (1) coffee intensification affects occurrence of numerically dominant ants, (2) numerical dominants form statistically distinguishable single-species patches in coffee plants, (3) shade trees play a role in patch location, and (4) patch formation or size varies with management intensity. Coffee intensification correlated with lower occurrence frequency of numerically dominant species generally and of one of four taxa examined. All dominant ant species formed patches but only Azteca instabilis was patchy around shade trees. Ant patchiness did vary somewhat with spatial scale and with strata (within the coffee layer vs around shade trees). Patchiness, however, did not vary with management intensity. These results provide quantitative evidence that numerically dominant ants are patchy within the coffee layer at different scales and that shade tree location, but not coffee management intensity, may play a role in the formation of patchy distributions.
Managing Knowledge and Storing Wisdom? New Forms of Foreign Aid?

Aid agencies claim that their development expertise and advisory services are more important than their funds. Development research databases highlight broader problems in the knowledge management systems that have been established to record and distribute that expertise. In practice, distilled digested mini-facts disseminated electronically risk perpetuating rather than reducing dependence. A banking model of knowledge and knowledge sharing stymies learning because it undermines and devalues learners’ initiative and responsibility. More consequential than detached bits of information is learning, largely initiated, maintained, and managed by those seeking to change their situation. Problem-solvers must be directly involved in generating the knowledge they require. Achieving information affluence in poor countries cannot rest on transfer and absorption but rather requires a generative process with strong local roots.
Assessment of the adequacy of mathematical models

Abstract Models are mathematical representations of mechanisms that govern natural phenomena that are not fully recognized, controlled, or understood. They have become indispensable tools via decision support systems for policy makers and researchers to provide ways to express the scientific knowledge. Model usefulness has to be assessed through its sustainability for a particular purpose. Adequate statistical analysis is an indispensable step during development, evaluation, and revision phases of a model. Therefore, in this paper we discussed and compared several techniques to evaluate mathematical models designed for predictive purposes. The identification and acceptance of wrongness of a model is an important step towards the development of more reliable and accurate models. The assessment of the adequacy of models is only possible through the combination of several statistical analyses and proper investigation regarding the purposes for which the mathematical model was initially conceptualized and developed for. The use of only a few techniques may be misleading in selecting the appropriate model in a given scenario.
Statistical analysis of root growth rate determinations

Abstract Experiments in which a number of factors may influence a response require careful analysis. Typically, such factors include a treatment condition, whose effects are of primary interest, and a number of secondary variables, whose influence cannot be controlled in the design of the experiment. The analysis of variance can be used to analyze such complex experiments. Data on the growth rates of pea roots exposed to 60 Hz electric fields are used to illustrate this statistical technique. Also included is a series of related plots, which clearly reveal the structure in the data.
Polarity of α-galactosidase A uptake by renal tubule cells

Polarity of α-galactosidase A uptake by renal tubule cells. Background Congenital absence of α-galactosidase in Fabry disease leads eventually to renal failure. Fabry disease is an attractive candidate for gene therapy, but uptake mechanisms of the enzyme must be understood for it to be used in treating patients with Fabry disease. Methods Immortalized human renal epithelial cells from three regions of the tubule were grown in culture on collagen-coated Transwell filters and were incubated with recombinant α-galactosidase protein placed at either the luminal or basolateral side of the cells. Uptake into cells was measured, and kinetic studies were performed. Blocking experiments were done with mannose 6-phosphate. Results Uptake from the basolateral side of the filters predominated in all three cell types. Only in distal tubule cells was mannose 6-phosphate able to block uptake to any degree. The kinetic data reveal a high K m for both luminal and basolateral cell surfaces. Conclusions These data suggest that to correct the renal phenotype in Fabry disease, high levels of the enzyme will be need to be delivered to kidney cells. This will likely best be achieved with local administration of a vector containing the transgene directly to the kidney.
Identification and Quantification of Character Aroma Components in Fresh Chevre-style Goat Cheese

ABSTRACT: Chevre-style goat cheeses were characterized by descriptive sensory analysis as exhibiting sweet dairy flavors as well as a characteristic waxy/animal flavor. Aroma-active compounds (> 80) with high intensities identified by gas chromatography/olfactometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included 2,3-butanedione (buttery), 1-octen-3-one (mushroom), o-aminoacetophenone (grape), lactones (coconut, peach), octanoic acid (sour/waxy), as well as 4-methyl and 4-ethyl octanoic acids (waxy/animal). Subsequent sensory analysis with model cheese systems confirmed that 4-methyl and 4-ethyl octanoic acids were responsible for the characteristic waxy/animal flavor.
Stiff-person syndrome.

Background:Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disorder with autoimmune features. It is characterized by progressive, severe muscle rigidity or stiffness most prominently affecting the spine and lower extremities.Review Summary:Superimposed muscle spasms result in simultaneous contracti
Acid phosphatase in the Golgi apparatus of cells forming extracellular matrix of hard tissues

Histochemical studies using cryostat sections of fixed rodent fetal and newborn tissues indicated that acid phosphatase (APase) staining of the Golgi apparatus (GA) of cells secreting matrix for hard tissue formation was a general phenomenon. The enzyme was chiefly observed in the GA of tall secretory ameloblasts involved in enamel formation and in the GA of odontoblasts forming dentine; lysosome-like granules reactive for this enzyme were also observed in these cells. Activity was also intense in the GA and lysosomes of osteoblasts involved in intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. High levels of APase in the GA of extracellular matrix-forming cells appeared to correlate with secretory activity. The GA of most other cells, even chondroblasts forming cartilage matrix, had much less marked APase activity. Contrary to previous suggestions, it appears that APase may have a more direct role in osteogenesis than the osteolytic or resorptive action usually cited.
Energetics of Icosahedrally Twinned Rare Gas and Aluminum Clusters

The factors which promote stability of icosahedrally twinned clusters are discussed. Results for the statics and dynamics of Lennard-Jones clusters are summarized, with special focus on the unusual vibrational properties of Icosahedrally twinned clusters. In addition, we present results from density-functional -based electronic structure calculations on for 13- and 55- atom aluminum clusters with icosahedral and octahedral symmetries.
Erythrocyte sodium transport and the probability of having hypertension.

Background A number of alterations of ion transport and concentrations have been reported in erythrocytes from patients with hypertension and their young normotensive offspring. Of these, only sodium-lithium countertransport appears to be capable of predicting the effects of genetic variation on interindividual differences in blood pressure. Objective As a first step toward identifying other erythrocyte traits capable of predicting the effects of genetic variation on interindividual differences in blood pressure, we evaluated whether furosemide-sensitive sodium or potassium cotransport, ouabain-sensitive sodium pump, passive permeability to sodium or potassium, or intracellular concentrations of sodium or potassium are predictors of the probability of having hypertension in a general Caucasian population ; we also attempted to confirm our previous inference that sodium-lithium countertransport is a predictor of the probability of having hypertension in this population. Methods The sample for analyses consisted of 199 unrelated men, aged 56-91 years, and 216 unrelated, non-pregnant women, aged 53-87 years, from the population of Rochester, Minnesota. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between predictor traits and blood pressure diagnostic status (normotension or hypertension). We assessed whether each erythrocyte trait was a predictor of the probability of having hypertension when the trait was considered by itself and when it was considered after the effects of other identified predictors of the probability of hypertension were included in the logistic regression models. Results When each erythrocyte trait was considered by itself, the predictors of the probability of having hypertension were sodium-lithium countertransport in men and sodium-lithium countertransport, sodium and potassium cotransport, and intracellular sodium concentration in women. When each erythrocyte trait was considered after other predictors had been included in the logistic regression models, none of the erythrocyte traits made an additional contribution to prediction of the probability of having hypertension unless its interactions with other predictors were also included in the models. Conclusions Multiple measures of erythrocyte ion transport are associated with hypertension in the general Caucasian population ; however, most of these associations are context-dependent inasmuch as they are gender-specific and dependent on levels of other predictor traits.
Lunar temperature and global heat flux from laboratory electrical conductivity and lunar magnetometer data

Three-layer monotonic electrical conductivity models for the lunar interior to a depth of 600 km are used in conjunction with laboratory measurements of the electrical conductivity of olivine and pyroxene to estimate a temperature-depth profile. The temperatures calculated for depths of 400-600 km are consistent with attenuation of the seismic shear wave. The temperature calculated at a depth of 100-250 km yields a heat flow that is in good agreement with the directly measured lunar heat flow. The temperature, however, is sufficiently close to melting that mascon anisostasy would not be maintained. Thus a better conductor is required at this depth.
Transducers 2001/EUROSENSORS XV 10‐14 June 2001, Munich

Reviews the Transducers 2001/EUROSENSORS XV conferences that were held in Munich, 10‐14 June 2001. Microengineering figured prominently in the programme, almost half the sessions covering aspects of this subject, including power generation, packaging and wafer bonding, physical effects, machining and etching (also for high aspect ratio), micro‐thrusters, ‐jets, ‐pumps, ‐valves, ‐fluidics, ‐probes, optical 3D and RF MEMS, resonators, polymer based microsystems and commercialisation. Explicit sensor sessions included materials for gas sensing, chemical and gas sensors, biomedical systems, electrochemical sensors, inertial sensors, magnetic sensors, image, flow and thermal sensors. There were two sessions on actuators. Nano‐devices (physical in character) were covered in one session, though nanotechnology as such did not figure in the proceedings.
Dynamical evolution of boson stars in Brans-Dicke theory

We study the dynamics of a self-gravitating scalar field solitonic object (boson star) in the Jordan-Brans-Dicke (BD) theory of gravity. We show dynamical processes of this system such as (i) black hole formation of a perturbed equilibrium configuration on an unstable branch, (ii) migration of a perturbed equilibrium configuration from an unstable branch to a stable branch, and (iii) the transition from an excited state to a ground state. We find that the dynamical behavior of boson stars in BD theory is quite similar to that in general relativity (GR), with comparable scalar wave emission. We also demonstrate the formation of a stable boson star from a Gaussian scalar field packet with flat gravitational scalar field initial data. This suggests that boson stars can be formed in the BD theory in much the same way as in GR.
HPS: hybrid profiling support

Key to understanding and optimizing complex applications is our ability to dynamically monitor executing programs with low overhead and high accuracy. Toward this end, we present HPS, a hybrid profiling support system. HPS employs a hardware/software approach to program sampling that transparently, efficiently, and dynamically samples an executing instruction stream. Our system is an extension and application of dynamic instruction stream editing (DISE), a hardware technique that macro-expands instructions in the pipeline decode stage at runtime. HPS toggles profiling to sample the executing program as required by the profile consumer, e.g. a dynamic optimizer. Our system requires few hardware resources and introduces no "basic" overhead - the execution of instructions that triggers profiling. We use HPS to investigate the tradeoffs between overhead and accuracy of different profile types as well as different profiling schemes. In particular, we empirically evaluate hot data stream, hot call pair, and hot method identification using a number of parameterizations of bursty tracing, a popular sampling scheme used in dynamic optimization systems.
Results of Therapy With Carvedilol, a β-Blocker Vasodilator With Antioxidant Properties, in Hypertensive Patients

Carvedilol is a new beta-blocker antihypertensive agent with vasodilating properties secondary to alpha 1-blocking activity. Peripheral vascular resistance is reduced and cardiac output and renal function are not altered with carvedilol. The antihypertensive effects of this agent are equivalent to those of other beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics. Carvedilol has a neutral effect on lipids and glucose metabolism. The percentage of responders is increased when carvedilol is combined with a diuretic. This agent has several unique properties. In addition to its antihypertensive effects, carvedilol in vitro and in vivo has been shown to have antiproliferative effects on smooth muscle cells and to inhibit the action of oxygen-free radicals. The antioxidant properties of this compound are significantly greater than those of vitamin E. In animal models, carvedilol may slow the process of atherogenesis, reduce infarct size, and improve postinfarction survival to a greater degree than other beta-blockers. Recent studies have demonstrated that carvedilol reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure who are already receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and digitalis. The antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of carvedilol may present an advantage over other available antihypertensive medications.
Proteomic analysis of experimentally induced azole resistance in Candida glabrata.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify changes in the proteome of a laboratory-derived azole-resistant strain of Candida glabrata compared with its susceptible parent strain in an effort to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in association with azole resistance. Methods: Soluble and membrane protein fractions were isolated from mutant strain F15 (fluconazole MIC > 128 mg/L) and parent strain 66032 (fluconazole MIC = 16 mg/L) grown to mid-log phase. Soluble proteins were resolved by both two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1 D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (GE) whereas membrane proteins were resolved by 1D GE. Spots or bands representing differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting. Results: A total of 22 proteins were found to be more abundantly represented, and 3 proteins were found to be less abundantly represented, in strain F15 compared with strain 66032. These included up-regulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter Cdr1p, the ergosterol biosynthesis enzyme Erg11p, proteins involved in glycolysis and glycerol metabolism, and proteins involved in the response to oxidative stress and cadmium exposure. Conclusions: In addition to transcriptional regulation of Cdr1p, this study identified the differential expression of several proteins that may contribute to azole resistance and suggests the possibility for a post-transcriptional mechanism for increased expression of Erg11p.
Influence of Congenital Transmission of Endogenous Virus-21 on the Immune Response to Avian Leukosis Virus Infection and the Incidence of Tumors in Chickens

Abstract After contact exposure to Strain RPL-40 avian leukosis virus-infected hatchmates, a dilatory neutralizing antibody response and prolonged RPL-40 viremia was found among most pullets that were congenitally infected with endogenous virus 21 (EV21). Conversely, most of the hatchmates that were not congenitally infected seroconverted within 10 wk after exposure to Strain RPL-40 virus. Compared with noncongenitally infected hatchmates, EV-21 infection-induced tolerance to pathogenic avian leukosis viruses was reflected in a significantly higher incidence of lymphomas in congenitally infected hens. The rate of seroconversion and the incidence of RPL-40 virus-induced tumors among noncongenitally infected daughters from slow-feathering dams homozygous resistant to EV were similar to those found among daughters of rapid-feathering dams that lacked genetic locus ev 21. Results suggest that selection for resistance to EV may eliminate tolerance toward oncogenic field strains of avian leukosis viruses and may improve the performance of progeny from a feather-sex cross.
Control Issues in Reduced-Order Feedback Flow Control

Technological advances in sensors, actuators, on-board computational capability, modeling and control sciences have offered a possibility of seriously considering closed-loop flow control for practical applications. We can now attempt to address problems that have over the years not been effectively been solved using passive means and /or open-loop techniques. The main strategies to closed-loop control are a model-independent approach, a full-order optimal control approach based on the Navier Stokes solution and a reduced order model strategy. The current effort emphasizes methodology based on low-dimensional, proper orthogonal decomposition applied to the suppression of periodic vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder. Focus is on the validity of the low-dimensional model, selection of the important modes that need representation, incorporation of an ensemble of snapshots that reflect vital transient phenomena, selection of sensor placement and number, and linear stochastic estimation for mapping of sensor data onto modal information. Furthermore, additional issues surveyed include observability, controllability and stability of the closed-loop systems based on low-dimensional models. Examples based on computational and experimental studies on the cylinder wake benchmark are presented to illuminate some of the important issues. We achieved a drag reduction of close to 90% of the vortex-induced drag, and lowered the unsteady lift force by the same amount. Finally, the paper summarizes some of the important lessons learned and notes on open issues for future research. Nomenclature
Efficient Multidimensional Fuzzy Search for Personal Information Management Systems

With the explosion in the amount of semistructured data users access and store in personal information management systems, there is a critical need for powerful search tools to retrieve often very heterogeneous data in a simple and efficient way. Existing tools typically support some IR-style ranking on the textual part of the query, but only consider structure (e.g., file directory) and metadata (e.g., date, file type) as filtering conditions. We propose a novel multidimensional search approach that allows users to perform fuzzy searches for structure and metadata conditions in addition to keyword conditions. Our techniques individually score each dimension and integrate the three dimension scores into a meaningful unified score. We also design indexes and algorithms to efficiently identify the most relevant files that match multidimensional queries. We perform a thorough experimental evaluation of our approach and show that our relaxation and scoring framework for fuzzy query conditions in noncontent dimensions can significantly improve ranking accuracy. We also show that our query processing strategies perform and scale well, making our fuzzy search approach practical for every day usage.
Mixed Siliciclastic and Carbonate Sedimentation Within Spar Mountain Member of Ste. Genevieve Limestone, Hamilton County, Illinois: ABSTRACT

The Spar Mountain Member of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (middle Mississippian) in Hamilton County, Illinois, consists of 40-60 ft (12-18 m) of interbedded limestones, shales, and sandstones. Five cores and 1,400 electric logs were used to delineate two shallowing-upward carbonate cycles and 2 major clastic pulses within the Spar Mountain. Eight lithofacies representing 6 depositional environments were identified. They are: (A) echinoderm-brachiopod dolomicstone to packstone (outer ramp), (B) ooid-peloidal grainstone (intermediate ramp), (C) skeletal grainstone (intermediate ramp), (D) ooid-molluscan-intraclastic wackestone to grainstone (inner ramp), (E) pelletal-skeletal wackestone (inner ramp), (F) quartzarenite (channelized nearshore), (G) quartz-sublithic arenite to acke (delta platform), and (H) quartz mudstone (prodelta, delta platform). Deposition occurred on a southwest-dipping carbonate ramp, with siliciclastic sediments originating from the northeast. The sequence of facies and their inferred depositional environments record 2 major progradational episodes. Oolitic facies are interpreted to be of tidal-bar belt origin and quartzarenite facies are interpreted to be of delta-distributary channel origin. Their distribution is partially controlled by antecedent and syndepositional topography. Many of these paleotopographic highs are positive features today and yield pinch-out stratigraphic relationships. Paleogeographic reconstructions demonstrate that the primary control on facies distribution was the position of the delta proper along strike. However, depositional topography also influenced sedimentation, particular y in the sand-sized fraction. Using this concept, better prediction of underlying porous buildups (ooid shoals) is possible if thickness of the overlying siliciclastic is known. Within buildups, a complex diagenetic history complicates the distribution of porosity. End_of_Article - Last_Page 301------------
Wide-area overlay networking to manage science DMZ accelerated flows

There is a new trend emerging across university campuses to deploy Science DMZs (demilitarized zones) to support science drivers that involve for e.g., data-intensive applications needing access to remote instrumentation or public cloud resources. Using advanced technologies such as “multi-domain” software-defined networking, zero-copy RDMA data transfers, active measurements and federated identity/access - accelerated flows are starting to be setup from Science DMZs over wide-area overlay networks, by-passing traditional campus firewalls. In this paper, we present a “campus Science DMZ reference architecture” for adaptively managing host-to-host accelerated flows of multiple researchers over wide-area overlay networks with shared underlay infrastructure components. We discuss our novel approaches in handling challenges of policy specification, security enforcement, and performance engineering within Science DMZs to support diverse accelerated flows on a scalable/extensible basis. Lastly, we present a multi-disciplinary case study of a bioinformatics science driver application in a double-ended campus Science DMZ testbed. Our case study illustrates how our reference architecture can enable new “High-Throughput Computing services” that improve remote accessibility and peer-collaboration of data-intensive science users, and simplify related operations/management for campus network service providers.
Treatment of idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy with thioguanosine

Abstract Thioguanosine was given to eight patients with idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy. The drug was well tolerated. Six of the seven patients who completed the trial had subjective and objective indications of improvement.
Ev Rogers: helping to build a modern synthesis of social change.

There have been some big successes in the past 40 years. Tobacco use is at an all time low. Heart disease is down. Family planning in developing countries infant mortality even AIDS prevention in selected countries have shown tremendous success in the diffusion of new ideas and behaviors. There have also been dramatic failures. AIDS in most of Africa and obesity and exercise in the United States are just two of the most dramatic examples of our failures in social changes. We have learned a lot about social change in the past 40 years. We know that structural changes like raising the cost of cigarettes is as effective in some settings as educating smokers and using new products like the ‘‘patch’’. We’ve seen how a dedicated creative and embattled community of people—gay men in San Francisco—can organize streetwise diffusion of innovation to bring the annual number of new HIV infections from a high of 8000 in 1987 to a low of 200 a year in 1995. We have seen new technologies used to organize anti-war protests and seat belt laws combined with effective communication increase the number of people using seat belts effectively. We have seen simple messages about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome change the way that most parents lay their infants down for sleep. We have also seen new models of social change ebb and flow through the halls of funding organizations. Health promotion media advocacy social marketing risk communication health communication health education environmental ‘‘heating up’’ and yes diffusion of innovation. Today diffusion planners have a plethora of theories— reasoned action health belief model social norm social capital stages of change—to pick from as organizing theories. One of the most robust and powerful models continues to be the Diffusion of Innovation Model promoted by Ev Rogers for over 40 years. Here is just one example of how Ev Rogers work has affected our efforts here at AED. Since 1998 LINKAGES a Breastfeeding Complementary Feeding and Maternal Nutrition Program has been working in close collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH) and USAID/Ghana to design and implement a behavior change communication (BCC) program to improve infant feeding practices. The program is multi-dimensional and uses a combination of strategies—both to bring about quick changes in community norms and practices and to sustain improved nutrition over the long term by working on policy changes information dissemination and curricula reform in medical and nursing schools. (excerpt)
Effects of a prepulse in the femtosecond-pulse-driven Xe IX laser

We describe experiments that demonstrate the detrimental effect of a prepulse on the femtosecond-pulse-driven Xe ix laser. The mechanism of this effect is discussed in terms of the results of a hydrodynamic model of the preplasma formed by the prepulse. The benefit of inserting a simple electro-optic switch that allows full transmission of the main driving pulse, but reduces the prepulse to a level at which no preplasma is formed, is demonstrated experimentally.
Reversible encephalopathy and seizures as a result of conventional vincristine administration

An 8-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed seizures associated with bilateral lucencies on CT scan during standard induction therapy with vincristine and prednisone. Because of the progressive nature of her symptoms, a brain biopsy was performed and revealed neurotubular dissociation, which, in experimental animal models, is characteristic of vincristine toxicity. All other causes of encephalopathy have been ruled out. The drug was withheld and the clinical symptoms and findings resolved. The occurrence of unusual and severe neurologic side effects during the course of conventional induction therapy for childhood ALL warrants careful evaluation for evidence of vincristine toxicity.
The Density Determination of Small Solid Objects by a Simple Float Method-I.

The density determination of a small solid object with a mass of only a few hundred milligrams is always a difficult and often an ellusive measurement. The advent of highly accurate hydrostatic weighing techniques and the density scale based on solid objects are utilized in a two liquid float method presented here that incorporates the advantages of this technology. The resulting measurement is an absolute determination of density with an uncertainty of 500 ppm and has a density range from 2.3 g/cm3 (silicon) to 21.5 g/cm 3 (platinum). The instrument was used to measure the variation in the alloy density of nickel with respect to phosphorus content and to determine the density of optical fiber glass.
Planar pin grid array (PGA) ceramic packaging

A planar ceramic packaging is described. Both thick- and thin-film pin-grid arrays are considered. The properties of ceramic materials that are necessary for electronic applications are presented and the requirements for the substrates used for these packages are described. Future trends for these planar ceramic designs are examined. >
On Traveling Salesperson Problems for Dubins&#8217; vehicle: stochastic and dynamic environments

In this paper we propose some novel planning and routing strategies for Dubins’ vehicle, i.e., for a nonholonomic vehicle moving along paths with bounded curvature, without reversing direction. First, we study a stochastic version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP): given n targets randomly sampled from a uniform distribution in a rectangle, what is the shortest Dubins'tour through the targets and what is its length? We show that the expected length of such a tour is Ω(nm=2/3)and we propose a novel algorithm that generates a tour of length O(nm=2/3log(n)m=1/3) with high probability. Second, we study a dynamic version of the TSP (known as "Dynamic Traveling Repairperson Problem" in the Operations Research literature): given a stochastic process that generates targets, is there a policy that allows a Dubins vehicle to stabilize the system, in the sense that the number of unvisited targets does not diverge over time? If such policies exist, what is the minimum expected waiting period between the time a target is generated and the time it is visited? We propose a novel receding-horizon algorithm whose performance is almost within a constant factor from the optimum.
An analysis and design tool for a broadband dual feed circles array antenna

The development of an analysis and design tool for the investigation of a broadband array antenna of circular elements under development at US Naval Air Development Center is described. The purpose of this tool is to predict the radiation pattern and input impedance over the frequency range of interest (400 MHz to 1.4 GHz). This tool includes a method of moment code specifically tailored to produce the near- and far-field characteristics of the array antenna. The information obtained is used for improvement of the radiation characteristics as well as the feed network design. The numerical results produced by this tool agree well with the measurements made on the scaled prototype version of the array, validating the accuracy of the numerical model. In addition, this tool can be used to optimize such physical parameters as element dimensions, spacing, height above the ground plane and various lattice configurations. >
Computational Models of Narrative: Review of a Workshop

On October 8-10, 2009 an interdisciplinary group met at the Wylie Center in Beverley, Massachusetts to evaluate the state of the art in the computational modeling of narrative. Three important findings emerged: (1) current work in computational modeling is described by three different levels of representation; (2) there is a paucity of studies at the highest, most abstract level aimed at inferring the meaning or message of the narrative; and (3) there is a need to establish a standard data bank of annotated narratives, analogous to the Penn Treebank.
A note on biased and non-biased games

In this paper, we consider two spanning tree games played on the complete graph of order n. We also consider the connection between biased games and non-biased games.
Exploring the local electronic structure and geometric arrangement of ALD Zn(O,S) buffer layers using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The growing interest in zinc oxysulfide (Zn(O,S)) thin films as buffer layers has been motivated by higher efficiencies achieved in solar cells. In this work we present insights into the electronic-geometric structure relationship of varying compositions of Zn(O,S) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), a local bonding-sensitive spectroscopic tool, with quantum simulations helps link the atomic structure to the unoccupied density of states (DOS) of the films. The infiltration of sulfur into a ZnO matrix results in the formation of S 3p–Zn 4sp–O 2p hybridized orbitals in the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) region of both the O and S K-edges. The extent of sulfur incorporation affects the ionicity of Zn, which in turn alters the bond lengths of Zn–O within the structure and its resulting bandgap. Knowing Zn(O,S)'s electronic-geometric structure interplay allows one to predict, tailor, and optimize its buffer layer performance.
The greying of the global population and its macroeconomic consequences

Population ageing is emerging as a major demographic trend in many countries, with potentially important implications for a variety of macroeconomic issues. Notwithstanding these challenges, population ageing will likely have a comparatively modest effect on economic growth. Although the changed age distribution would be expected to cause the labour force participation rate to decrease, the ratio of labour force to population will actually increase in most countries. This will occur because the lower youth dependency rate and the increased rate of female labour force participation—both of which may reasonably be expected to follow from the fertility rate declines that are driving population ageing—will counterbalance the shifting of adults toward older ages at which labour force participation and savings rates are lower. Behavioural and policy responses to population ageing—including higher savings for retirement, a higher rate of human capital accumulation, alternate pension funding plans, and (possibly)...
PHENOTYPIC BRADYTELY IN THE COSTALOCRINUS-BARYCRINUS LINEAGE OF PALEOZOIC CLADID CRINOIDS

Two new species of primitive cladid crinoids, Costalocrinus ibericus and C. thymos, from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of northwest Spain, provide important information on the evolution of the Costalocrinus-Barycrinus lineage during the Devonian and Mississippian. Costalocrinus ibericus n. sp. is morphologically similar to Barycrinus rhombiferus (Owen and Shumard, 1852) from the Mississippian, except for the characters of the anal X plate and degree of calcification of the anal sac. These two species are separated by approximately 55 m.y. and provide evidence of slow morphologic change, or phenotypic bradytely, in this lineage. Such slow morphologic change is consistent with the previous interpretation of Barycrinus as an ecologic generalist. Very few other genera of Paleozoic crinoids evolved at such a slow rate. Costalocrinus thymos n. sp. is more typical of other species of Costalocrinus from the Middle Devonian and Lower Mississippian. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the ancestral lineage of the Mississippian genus Barycrinus evolved from Costalocrinus near the base of its radiation in the Early Devonian (Emsian).
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Species of Fragaria (Rosaceae) Inferred from Non-coding Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among 43 accessions of Fragaria, representing 14 species, and one accession of the outgroup Potentilla fruticosa, were assessed using nucleotide sequence data from the nuclear ITS region and from a region of the chloroplast genome including the trnL intron and the trnL-trnF spacer. Variability was low in both regions and lower in the chloroplast than in the nuclear sequences. The data were analyzed cladistically, separately and in combination. Greater phylogenetic resolution was obtained with the ITS and combined data than with the trn data; the strict consensus tree from the combined data analysis was very similar to that from the ITS analysis, but the position of some accessions was affected by the inclusion of the trn data. The results support the following conclusions: Fragaria iinumae is sister to all other species in the genus; F. vesca and F. nubicola are the diploid species most closely related to the polyploid species, including the tetraploid F. orientalis, th...
Toxicity and Efficacy of Two Emulsifiable Concentrates of 2-Tridecanone against Red Imported Fire Ants

2-tridecanone is a major constitute of defensive secretion in tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva that is an ant species reported to be able to displace red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta in the field. 2-tridecanone was proven to be toxic to S. invicta. Although 2-tridecanone is commercially available, utilization of this naturally occurring compound in fire ant management has received little attention. In this study, toxicity and efficacy of two 2-tridecanone formulations were assessed against S. invicta. Two emulsifiable concentrates were prepared using 2-tridecanone as an active ingredient, vegetable oil as a solvent and polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether as a surfactant. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used as a synergist in one formulation. Both formulations showed significant toxicity in laboratory bioassays. In a field trial, at application rate of 5.28 mL/L and 14 days after mound drench treatment, 100% control was achieved for formulation with PBO and 90% control for the formulation without PBO. In conclusion, both formulations had significant efficacy against S. invicta. Due to the low mammalian toxicity of 2-tridecanone, no involvement of hazardous synthetic organic solvents, no phytotoxicity at applied concentrations, and relatively low cost, both formulations are promising alternatives to commercial insecticide products for fire ant mound drench. The outstanding efficacy of both formulations observed in this study warrants further research on their efficacy against other pest insects.