cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Biotin Domain Peptide from the Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein of Escherichia coli Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Causes a Marked Increase in the Catalytic Efficiency of Biotin Carboxylase and Carboxyltransferase Relative to Free Biotin

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The Escherichia coli form of the enzyme consists of a biotin carboxylase activity, a biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and a carboxyltransferase activity. The C-terminal 87 amino acids of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP87) form a domain that can be independently expressed, biotinylated, and purified (Chapman-Smith, A., Turner, D. L., Cronan, J. E., Morris, T. W., and Wallace, J. C. (1994) Biochem. J. 302, 881-887). The ability of the biotinylated form of this 87-residue protein (holoBCCP87) to act as a substrate for biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase was assessed and compared with the results with free biotin. In the case of biotin carboxylase holoBCCP87 was an excellent substrate with a K(m) of 0.16 +/- 0.05 mM and V(max) of 1000.8 +/- 182.0 min(-1). The V/K or catalytic efficiency of biotin carboxylase with holoBCCP87 as substrate was 8000-fold greater than with biotin as substrate. Stimulation of the ATP synthesis reaction of biotin carboxylase where carbamyl phosphate reacted with ADP by holoBCCP87 was 5-fold greater than with an equivalent amount of biotin. The interaction of holoBCCP87 with carboxyltransferase was characterized in the reverse direction where malonyl-CoA reacted with holoBCCP87 to form acetyl-CoA and carboxyholoBCCP87. The K(m) for holoBCCP87 was 0.45 +/- 0.07 mM while the V(max) was 2031.8 +/- 231.0 min(-1). The V/K or catalytic efficiency of carboxyltransferase with holoBCCP87 as substrate is 2000-fold greater than with biotin as substrate.
A Study of Peculiar and Exceptional Children

(1896). A Study of Peculiar and Exceptional Children. The Pedagogical Seminary: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 3-60.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PERIDINIUM GATUNENSE (DINOPHYCEAE)1

Sexual reproduction was induced in the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense Nygaard when exponentially growing cells were inoculated into nitrogen deficient medium. Small thecate cells produced by division of vegetative cells then acted as gametes. Thecae of fusing gametes broke in the girdle region and were lost. Zygotes thus formed remained motile 3–5 days during which time they enlarged slightly with the newly formed theca becoming warty. Three to 5 days following plasmogamy the zygote became nonmotile, the protoplast contracted, and the cell wall thickened. Hypnozygotes with 4 nuclei were observed ca. 10–12 h following formation. Meiosis was inferred. Hypnozygotes germinated within 12 h of formation producing 2 vegetative cells which divided within a 24 h period. Attempts to induce sexual reproduction by inoculation of cells into media deficient in a number of basic elements other than N were unsuccessful.
Cooperative Fractional Frequency Reuse Based on Partial Connectivity Among Clients

This paper develops a novel fractional frequency reuse (FFR) technique to reduce co-channel interference in broadband cellular wireless networks. In contrast to methods proposed earlier, this technique relies on peer-to-peer connectivity among clients and is based on user cooperation: clients bargain for spectrum by exchanging channel quality metrics and jointly find the sub-channel allocation which maximizes throughput. Assuming full connectivity among clients, the spectral efficiency performance of client-centric FFR is studied analytically in conjunction with the use of opportunistic scheduling techniques that realize multiuser diversity gains with increasing network density and this serves as an upper bound on the achievable performance gain. The method is then extended to the clustered case, in which clients are partially-connected, a more typical situation in practice. Finally, a system-level study for an IEEE 802.16 based broadband cellular system in realistic propagation environments is conducted and demonstrates a promising performance gain.
What is leaky can be risky: a study of the integrity of hospital gloves.

One thousand six-hundred and eighteen medical gloves were tested to determine whether, with current increased demands, these gloves are of high quality, i.e., free of leaks. The risk of exposure to potentially infected fluids when using leaky gloves was also estimated. Using a four-stage leak test, no significant difference was found between 64 of 790 (8.1%, range 0% to 44.4%) unsterile latex gloves and 11 of 210 (5.2%, range 1.7% to 21.7%) unsterile vinyl gloves (p = .21). Sterile surgical gloves (7 of 618, 1.13% [range 0% to 3%]) had fewer leaks compared to unsterile latex and vinyl gloves combined (p less than .0001). The safranin test was positive in 27 of 28 (96.4%) leaky gloves tested, indicating a high risk of exposure to potentially infected fluids when leaky gloves are used. Because of these findings, elements of "universal precautions" such as changing gloves after each patient contact and good handwashing after using gloves should be carefully observed. There is a need for the Food and Drug Administration to establish more stringent guidelines for manufacturing gloves and to verify compliance with these guidelines.
A modified finite element method for solving the time‐dependent, incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Part 1: Theory

SUMMARY Beginning with the Galerkin finite element method and the simplest appropriate isoparametric element for modelling the Navier-Stokes equations, the spatial approximation is modified in two ways in the interest of cost-effectiveness: the mass matrix is ‘lumped’ and all coefficient matrices are generated via l-point quadrature. After appending an hour-glass correction term to the diffusion matrices, the modified semi-discretized equations are integrated in time using the forward (explicit) Euler method in a special way to compensate for that portion of the time truncation error which is intolerable for advection-dominated flows. The scheme is completed by the introduction of a subcycling strategy that permits less frequent updates of the pressure field with little loss of accuracy. These techniques are described and analysed in some detail, and in Part 2 (Applications), the resulting code is demonstrated on three sample problems: steady flow in a lid-driven cavity at Res10,000, flow past a circular cylinder at Re 5400, and the simulation of a heavy gas release over complex topography.
Three-dimensional crack growth with hp-generalized finite element and face offsetting methods

A coupling between the hp-version of the generalized finite element method (hp-GFEM) and the face offsetting method (FOM) for crack growth simulations is presented. In the proposed GFEM, adaptive surface meshes composed of triangles are utilized to explicitly represent complex three-dimensional (3-D) crack surfaces. By applying the hp-GFEM at each crack growth step, high-order approximations on locally refined meshes are automatically created in complex 3-D domains while preserving the aspect ratio of elements, regardless of crack geometry. The FOM is applied to track the evolution of the crack front in the explicit crack surface representation. The FOM provides geometrically feasible crack front descriptions based on hp-GFEM solutions. The coupling of hp-GFEM and FOM allows the simulation of arbitrary crack growth with concave crack fronts independent of the volume mesh. Numerical simulations illustrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Vaginal Fold Histology Reduces the Variability Introduced by Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology in the Classification of Mouse Estrous Cycle Stages

Vaginal exfoliative cytology is commonly used in biomedical and toxicological research to classify the stages of the rodent estrous cycle. However, mouse vaginal exfoliative cytology is commonly used as a stand-alone tool and has not been evaluated in reference to vaginal histology and serum sex hormone levels. In this study, the direct and Giemsa-stained methods of vaginal exfoliative cytology were compared in reference to vaginal fold histology and serum sex hormone levels. Both methods predicted the estrous stages similarly with mean discordance rates of 55%, 77%, 46%, and 31%, for diestrus, proestrus, estrus, and metestrus, respectively. From these results, we conclude that vaginal exfoliative cytology may be used as a general guide to determine the desired estrous stage end point and that a definitive confirmation of the estrous stage should be obtained from evaluation of vaginal fold histology. Confirmation of the stage of the estrous cycle by vaginal fold histology will decrease the variability otherwise introduced by misclassification of estrous cycle stages with vaginal exfoliative cytology.
Development and extraction of high-frequency SPICE models for metal-insulator-metal capacitors

In the framework of a lumped-element SPICE model, we extract RF parameters for a MIM capacitor, such as series resistance and inductance. The extraction method is validated through a "dummy" MIM capacitor where the dielectric layer is omitted during the fabrication process. A distributed model provides a good fit to measured data; fits to Q(f) and C(f) are replicated using a lumped model as well.
Checkpointing strategies in database systems and their performance evaluation

Abstract A transaction-oriented database system is investigated, where checkpointing is carried out after a certain number of transactions are processed. The design objective is to maximize the system availability given the failure rate, checkpointing time, error recovery time, and other system parameters. Several checkpointing strategies have been proposed and analysed. The effect of error latency is also considered.
Testing in a Random Effects Panel Data Model with Spatially Correlated Error Components and Spatially Lagged Dependent Variables

We propose a random effects panel data model with both spatially correlated error components and spatially lagged dependent variables. We focus on diagnostic testing procedures and derive Lagrange multiplier (LM) test statistics for a variety of hypotheses within this model. We first construct the joint LM test for both the individual random effects and the two spatial effects (spatial error correlation and spatial lag dependence). We then provide LM tests for the individual random effects and for the two spatial effects separately. In addition, in order to guard against local model misspecification, we derive locally adjusted (robust) LM tests based on the Bera and Yoon principle (Bera and Yoon, 1993). We conduct a small Monte Carlo simulation to show the good finite sample performances of these LM test statistics and revisit the cigarette demand example in Baltagi and Levin (1992) to illustrate our testing procedures.
Averaging for split-step scheme

The split-step Fourier method for solving numerically nonlinear Schrodinger equations (NLS) is considered as NLS with rapidly varying coefficients. This connection is exploited to justify the split-step approximation using an averaging technique. The averaging is done up to the second order and it is explained why (in this context) symmetric split-step produces a higher order scheme. The same approach is applied to dispersion managed NLS to show that anti-symmetric dispersion maps lead to higher order validity of the corresponding averaged equation.
Changes in the surgical management of esophageal cancer from 1970 to 1993

Purpose To evaluate the changes since 1970 in the management and outcome of esophageal resection for cancer. Methods The records of all 316 patients who underwent esophageal resection for cancer at University of California Los Angeles Medical Center during the years 1970 to 1993 were reviewed. Results When records from 1984 to 1993 were compared to those from 1970 to 1983, significant decreases were seen in operative mortality (10% to 3%, P P P P P Conclusions Short-term outcome of surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma improved between 1970 and 1993, in part because of changes in perioperative and surgical management. Long-term survival improved, probably due to earlier detection of tumors.
Studies of Variation in Initial Quality of Chicken Eggs 2. Chemical Properties of the Albumen

Abstract THE RESULTS reported in Part 1 (Skala and Swanson, 1962) of this series do not preclude the possibility that the distribution, concentration, or environment of specific constituents of egg white may influence the broken-out appearance of the albumen through an apparent effect on amount or condition of the middle thick layer of white. Conrad and Scott (1942) compared relatively high and low quality eggs with regard to albumen pH and content of ovomucin, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Ovomucin was determined by the method of Conrad and Phillips (1938) as well as by histological techniques. These workers concluded that observed variations in sodium and potassium contents related to quality (Haugh units) were too variable to be the determining factors. Differences in pH, ovomucin, calcium, and magnesium contents were not significant. The ovomucin and tryptophan content of the middle thick and combined thin white layers of high and low quality eggs …
Cyclic Thrombocytopenia Induced by a Rickettsia-Like Agent in Dogs

Hematologic manifestations and the ultrastructure of a platelet-specific microorganism isolated from a dog in Florida were studied. The agent was readily transmitted experimentally to adult dogs by intravenous inoculation with infected blood. Parasitemias and concomitant thrombocytopenias were cyclic in that both recurred within relatively constant periods of one to two weeks following experimental infections. Hemorrhage was not a manifestation of the disease even though thrombocytopenias were severe. Microorganisms were visualized by light and electron microscopy. They were observed only in platelets and were composed of single or multiple subunits (morula forms). The microorganisms were ultrastructurally very similar to those reported in Ehrlichia canis infections of dogs and Anaplasma marginale infections of cattle. Microorganisms were surrounded by single membranes which more or less conformed to the external surfaces of subunits that were surrounded by double membranes. From electron microscopic studies, it is suggested that these organisms be classified in the order Rickettsiales.
Controlling workforce resource actions for demand disturbances in services supply chains

Demand disturbances in service businesses can produce undesirable effects such as reduced service level, reduced utilization, and oscillation of workforce availability. The disturbances are typically managed by resource actions such as hiring, releasing and cross training the workforce. However, ineffective control of the resource actions can produce undesirable situations such as oscillation between hiring and releasing, and amplified oscillation through the stages of the service processes. Effective combination of multiple feedback control schemes for different demand disturbance patterns can produce desirable policies of workforce resource actions. In this work, we apply control theoretic principles in managing workforce resource actions to see how the feedback control schemes can provide decision support that leads to reduction of resource costs, improvement of resource utilization and stability of workforce availability.
Total mercury and methylmercury in freshwater and salt marsh soils of the Mississippi river deltaic plain.

Abstract Mercury entering wetland environments can be microbially methylated to methylmercury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the historical rate of mercury accumulation and distribution of total and methylmercury in soil profile of Louisiana coastal marshes. Two sediment cores each were taken from Louisiana freshwater marsh and salt marsh. Vertical accretion was determined using the 137Cs dating technique. Total and methylmercury were determined with depth in the soil profiles. The fresh marsh soil on a dry weight basis contained more total and methylmercury than the salt marsh. Average vertical accretion rates in freshwater marsh and salt marsh were 0.90 and 0.75 cm year−1, respectively. Average total and methylmercury content (to a depth of 30 cm) was 140 and 4.19 μg kg−1 and 80 and 1.34 μg kg−1 for the fresh and salt marsh, respectively. Due to greater sediment input resulting in a higher bulk density the salt marsh contained more total mercury per m2 (to 30 cm depth) than the fresh water marsh (5340 μg m−2 as compared to 2929 μg m−2). The amount of methylmercury per m2 to depth of 30 cm was approximately the same for each marsh.
Accessing relational databases from the World Wide Web

With the growing popularity of the internet and the World Wide Web (Web), there is a fast growing demand for access to database management systems (DBMS) from the Web. We describe here techniques that we invented to bridge the gap between HTML, the standard markup language of the Web, and SQL, the standard query language used to access relational DBMS. We propose a flexible general purpose variable substitution mechanism that provides cross-language variable substitution between HTML input and SQL query strings as well as between SQL result rows and HTML output thus enabling the application developer to use the full capabilities of HTML for creation of query forms and reports, and SQL for queries and updates. The cross-language variable substitution mechanism has been used in the design and implementation of a system called DB2 WWW Connection that enables quick and easy construction of applications that access relational DBMS data from the Web. An end user of these DB2 WWW applications sees only the forms for his or her requests and resulting reports. A user fills out the forms, points and clicks to navigate the forms and to access the database as determined by the application.
Visual and Auditory Temporal Processing, Cross-Modal Transfer, and Reading

The present study reexamined the relevance of auditory and visual cross-modal matching to reading ability, an issue first addressed in a seminal study by Birch and Belmont (1964). By presenting all patterns to be matched as temporal sequences of tones and lights, including intramodal as well as cross-modal conditions, and covarying memory, three problems with the Birch and Belmont design were corrected. Results showed that poor readers had difficulty in perceiving temporal patterns generally: They did worse than good readers not only on cross-modal conditions but also on intramodal ones. These results were replicated in two tasks. Nonetheless, hierarchical regressions provided some indication that cross-modal abilities themselves are relevant to reading. For one of the two tasks, cross-modal performance contributed to the prediction of reading ability over and above intramodal performance. Poor readers also showed slower response times—a factor that contributed marginally to the prediction of reading inde...
Time course of resolution of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling after orthotopic cardiac transplantation.

Most patients with severe congestive heart failure have secondary pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to greater than 480 dynes.sec.cm-5 (6 Wood units) is currently the principle hemodynamic contraindication to orthotopic cardiac transplantation. We performed serial two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic examinations and right heart catheterizations in 24 recipients (21 men, 14-58 years old) of orthotopic cardiac transplants to determine the time course of resolution of PHT and the concomitant remodeling of the donor right ventricle. Right and left heart filling pressures declined in parallel and reached the upper normal range at 2 weeks after the transplant procedure and remained unchanged at 1 year follow-up. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mm Hg) decreased from 38 +/- 9 preoperatively to 22 +/- 5 at 2 weeks and was 19 +/- 5 at 1 year after the transplantation procedure. At 1 year after surgery, PVR had decreased from 202 +/- 89 dynes.sec.cm-5 preoperatively to 99 +/- 36 dynes.sec.cm-5 (p less than .001), while cardiac output increased from 3.7 +/- 1.2 to 6.3 +/- 1.5 liters/min (p less than .001). Echocardiographic analysis showed that transplant recipients had an enlarged right ventricle on day 1 after surgery, and a volume overload contraction pattern and tricuspid regurgitation was present in the majority. This increase in right ventricular size was maintained at 1 year follow-up while the incidence of tricuspid regurgitation decreased. We conclude that there is rapid resolution of moderately elevated pulmonary arterial pressures after cardiac transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of alpha-tocopherol stability in soluble dietary fiber based nanofiber

Abstract Alpha-tocopherol (α-TOC) has low stability, poor water solubility, and variable bioavailability that could limit its application in food products. In this study, α-TOC was entrapped in nanofibers and films containing soluble dietary fiber (SDF) to protect the compound from undesirable conditions and maintain its bioactivity. The stability of α-TOC in soluble dietary fiber (SDF) based nanofiber (SDF-nanofibers) and film (SDF-film) was investigated after exposure to heat and UV irradiation, as well as during storage at room temperature. It was found that retention of α-TOC in SDF-nanofibers and SDF-film was higher (p
Fertility, Infertility, and Sexuality

Pregnancy is a complex experience, with many personal, societal, and economic implications. It can be a confirmation of adulthood or a fulfillment of childhood wishes and fantasies. It can represent a mature wish for a child, an expression of creative desires, or an accidental, unanticipated, or denied result of sexual relations. Sometimes all of these elements are present to some extent. Pregnancy can also be a maturational experience and has been considered a normal “developmental crisis” (Benedek, 1959, 1970, Bibring, 1959). This chapter will consider some of the motivations, psychological concomitants, and consequences of pregnancy and the postpartum period and their effects on sexuality.
Drawing New Symbolic Boundaries over Old Social Boundaries: Forging Social Movement Unity in Congregation-Based Community Organizing:

This article examines symbolic boundary work in congregation-based community organizing (CBCO), likely the most economically, racially, and religiously diverse left-of-center American social movement. Major studies examine how symbolic boundaries reproduce such social boundaries as race, class, and gender. In contrast, this article examines the microprocesses by which CBCO draws new symbolic boundaries over existing social boundaries within their groups. The author claims that boundary work is not just a tool for creating a new collective identity. For groups (such as CBCOs) that have entirely different ideas, norms, and practices than the vast majority of participants are familiar with, it is essential to developing a new shared ideology. Second, although boundary work is essential to acculturating members, it may have contradictory effects. Oversimplified boundaries that forge the unity needed for immediate group goals may become rigid and undermine overarching goals.
Electron and Hole Polaron Accumulation in Low-Bandgap Ambipolar Donor-Acceptor Polymer Transistors Imaged by Infrared Microscopy

A resurgence in the use of the donor-acceptor approach in synthesizing conjugated polymers has resulted in a family of high-mobility ambipolar systems with exceptionally narrow energy bandgaps below 1 eV. The ability to transport both electrons and holes is critical for device applications such as organic light-emitting diodes and transistors. Infrared spectroscopy offers direct access to the low-energy excitations associated with injected charge carriers. Here we use a diffraction-limited IR microscope to probe the spectroscopic signatures of electron and hole injection in the conduction channel of an organic field-effect transistor based on an ambipolar DA polymer polydiketopyrrolopyrrole-benzobisthiadiazole. We observe distinct polaronic absorptions for both electrons and holes and spatially map the carrier distribution from the source to drain electrodes for both unipolar and ambipolar biasing regimes. For ambipolar device configurations, we observe the spatial evolution of hole-induced to electron-induced polaron absorptions throughout the transport path. Our work provides a platform for combined transport and infrared studies of organic semiconductors on micron length scales relevant to functional devices.
Efficacy of group treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a meta-analysis

This study conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized clinical group trials for adult survivors of trauma to examine the efficacy of the group format. Effect sizes for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity outcome were examined. Sixteen studies were included, with a total of 1686 participants. Results of a random effects model meta-analysis indicated that group treatments are associated with significant preto posttreatment reduction in PTSD symptom severity (within treatment d .71, 95% CI [.51, .91]), and result in superior treatment effects relative to a wait list comparison condition (d .56, 95% CI [.31, .82]). However, no significant findings were obtained for group interventions relative to active treatment comparison conditions (d .09, 95% CI [ .03, .22]). Moderator analyses also indicated that gender and type of trauma moderated treatment effects for PTSD outcome, with smaller effect sizes associated with males relative to females and combined gender samples, and smaller effect sizes for combat and child sexual assault trauma samples relative to mixed-trauma sample studies. Taken together, group treatment for trauma symptoms is better than no treatment but not better relative to comparison conditions that control for nonspecific benefits of therapy. Additional work is needed to identify effective group treatments for PTSD, especially for patients with repeated or chronic traumatization.
Impact of STS Issue Oriented Instruction on Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Views and Perceptions of Science, Technology, and Society

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of Science, Technology, Society (STS) issue oriented science methods course on pre-service teachers' views and perceptions toward STS issues and instruction as well as their levels of environmental literacy. The STS issue oriented curriculum was designed to help pre-service teachers improve their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward STS issues. A mixed methodology design was utilized in this study with a sample of 93 elementary preservice teachers. The quantitative segment of the study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design incorporating a treatment and a comparison group. The qualitative component included both the observation data and interview data collected shortly after the completion of the pre and post-surveys. The quantitative and qualitative data sets were used in conjunction to present a comparative case study where the outcomes for the two groups (comparison and treatment) were compared. The sample consisted of four sections of an elementary science methods class, two of which received the experimental treatment while the other two sections received the comparison treatment for 16 weeks. A pretest on variables of environmental literacy, STS views, and STS teaching views was administered to all subjects prior to the treatments to establish the equivalency of the two groups. A posttest was also administered to all subjects at the end of the semester. The experimental group outperformed the comparison group on all the aforementioned variables and a statistical significant difference was attained at the .05 level with respect to each variable. Furthermore, the results of pre and post interview data collected on environmental literacy, STS views, and STS teaching views further corroborated the quantitative data. The findings suggest that the STS issue focused program positively influenced pre-service teachers' level of environmental literacy as well as their perceptions and attitudes toward STS issues and instruction of such issues to elementary students. The findings of this study revealed that pre-service teachers gain considerably from an STS framework for teaching and learning.
Sodium nitrate decreases agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor clustering.

Humans are exposed to nitrate predominantly through diet with peak plasma concentrations within an hour after ingestion, but additional exposure is obtained from the environment, and minimally through de novo synthesis. Higher nitrate consumption has been associated with methemoglobinemia, spontaneous abortions, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, septic and distressed lung, inflammatory bowel disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neural tube defects. However, skeletal muscle development has not been examined. C2C12 skeletal muscle cell cultures were maintained, myoblasts were fused into myotubes, and then cultures were exposed to motor neuron derived agrin to enhance acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. Untreated cultures were compared with cultures exposed to sodium nitrate at concentrations ranging from 10 ng/mL–100 μg/mL. The results reported here demonstrate that 1 μg/mL sodium nitrate was sufficient to decrease the frequency of agrin-induced AChR clustering without affecting myotube formation. In addition, concentrations of sodium nitrate of 1 μg/mL or 100 μg/mL decreased gene expression of the myogenic transcription factor myogenin and AChR in correlation with the agrin-induced AChR clustering data. These results reveal that sodium nitrate decreases the frequency of agrin-induced AChR clustering by a mechanism that includes myogenin and AChR gene expression. As a consequence sodium nitrate may pose a risk for skeletal muscle development and subsequent neuromuscular synapse formation in humans.
Third-trimester rudimentary horn pregnancy: A case report

BACKGROUND: Mullerian ducts fuse in the midline to form the uterus at about 10 weeks' gestation. Rudimentary horn pregnancies are unusual occurrences. CASE: A 34-year-old woman presented at 24 weeks' gestation for prenatal care. Rudimentary horn pregnancy was diagnosed. Shortly afterwards the patient developed an acute abdomen, followed by emergency delivery. Though the risks of complications were high, none occurred. CONCLUSION: The incidence of rudimentary horn pregnancy is 1/100,000-150,000. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is poor.
Temperature Dependent Electronic Dephasing of Molecules in Polymers Measured by Femtosecond Three Pulse Photon Echoes

The electronic dephasing of the molecules LD690 and LDS750 is investigated as a function of temperature in the polymers PMMA and PVA.
Climate Change Mitigation and the Collective Action Problem: Exploring Country Differences in Greenhouse Gas Contributions

Global climate change has become the collective action problem of our era. With the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2015 COP21 Meetings in Paris as the context, the author draws upon critical mass theory (CMT) (Oliver and Marwell 1988; Oliver, Marwell, and Teixeria 1985) in an attempt to yield greater understanding of the international community's ability to achieve climate stability as a global public good. Using CMT key elements of collective action production functions, group heterogeneity, and interdependence, the author explores the world's collective ability to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the country level. Brief examples from Belize, Central America, and other small, vulnerable nations are used to focus attention on those countries that cannot make meaningful contribution to the collection action. The findings help illustrate why climate change is such a difficult collective action problem to address, what broad strategies might be required, and how to potentially achieve more targeted distribution of international resources.
DNA damage inhibition by dietary antioxidants: Voltammetric detection of inhibition using metallopolymer catalysts

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2004 Colin Garfield Fink Summer Research Fellowship.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Contributes to Hepcidin up-Regulation in Mice during Fasting

Nutritional fasting is associated with hypoferremia; however serum iron parameters otherwise differ from those observed with dietary iron deficiency. Activation of the hepcidin gene via the transcription factor CREB-H has been implicated in inducing this hypoferremia. We examined the contribution of the PPARα another hepatocellular transcription factor induced by fasting in this regulation. Six week old male AKR mice ( N = 6) were fed diet with 60 ppm Fe ad libitum and fasted for overnight (18 hours). Tissue and blood samples were collected to evaluate iron parameters and gene expression in comparison to fed controls. All mice were provided water ad libitum . In the fasted mice, serum iron (321 and 199 µg/dL, respectively for fed and fasted mice, P = 0.001) as well as transferrin saturation (80% and 64% respectively for fed and fasted mice, P = 0.04) decreased significantly. Fasted mice also had elevated hematocrit (43% and 47%, respectively, for the fed and fasted mice, P = 0.001) in association with weight loss (22g and 18g, respectively, for the fed and fasted mice, P P P hamp1 mRNA levels (4-fold increase from the fed group, P Creb-h and pparα mRNA levels, and observed elevated Creb-h (by 4-fold, P 0.001) and ppara mRNA levels (by 3-fold, P 0.001) in the fasted mice. To further elucidate the roles of CREB-H, and PPARα in the regulation of Hamp1 during fasting, we performed fasting-refeeding studies in 10-12 week old male C57BL/6 mice. These mice ( N = 4-6) were fed with chow ad libitum , fasted overnight, or fasted overnight then re-fed for 4 hours. Fasting at this age also induced increased in liver pparα, creb-h , and hamp1 mRNA levels (by 2.5-, 3- and 6-fold, respectively), and refeeding over this timeframe was associated with decreases in pparα, creb-h , and hamp1 to levels that are similar to fed mice, even though the serum and tissue iron levels were not restored. To determine if PPARα contributes to the regulation of hepcidin, we examined the fasting response of PPARα -/- mice. The fasting-associated increases in expression of hamp1 and creb-h were dampened in the PPARα-/- mice. In the WT mice, fasting induced a hamp1 increase of 2.6-fold ( P = 0.002), whereas in the PPARα -/- mice, the expression was unchanged (0.8-fold, P = 0.11). Similarly, fasting induced a creb-h increase of 2.8-fold in the WT mice ( P = 0.0003) but a 1.1-fold increase in the PPARα -/- mice ( P = 0.004). The magnitude of change in hamp1 ( P creb-h ( P -/- mice were statistically significant. These findings indicate that PPARα contributes to creb-h and hamp1 up-regulation during fasting-induced changes in iron metabolism. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unusual Co-existence of Biaponeurotic Palmaris Longus and Accessory Abductor Digiti Minimi in Man.

The present study describes a rarely reported co-existence of variant muscles in the right upper limb of a male cadaver of 57 years of age, observed during routine anatomical dissection. There was a presence of the biaponeurotic palmaris longus with a central muscle belly in the anterior forearm region which was closely related to the median nerve. In addition to this, an accessory abductor digiti minimi muscle was also reported in the corresponding hypothenar region, traversing the Guyon’s canal, passing superficial to the ulnar vessels and nerves. Biaponeurotic palmaris longus and accessory abductor digiti minimi are important structural causes of the entrapment neuropathies of forearm and wrist. Diagnosis of these muscles as a cause of entrapment neuropathies requires the sound knowledge of variant muscles in the forearm and wrist region.
Segre Polar Correspondence and Double Valued Reflection for General Ellipsoids

A number of problems concerning an analytic real hypersurface in complex space have been treated by means of its complexification. This manifests itself as a family of complex hypersurfaces, one attached to each point of space. This association of a complex variety to a point is the Segre polar correspondence. Originally B. Segre and E. Cartan used it to attach differential invariants to a nondegenerate real hypersurface. More recently, it has been used in establishing boundary regularity, holomorphic continuation, as well as algebraicity of holomorphic mappings. It also plays a key role in several biholomorphic classification problems. In this paper we shall give a more complete version of the Segre polar correspondence for algebraic real hypersurfaces, in order to treat the phenomenon of double valued reflection.
Origin of Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water Wells from the Piedmont Aquifers of North Carolina

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known pulmonary carcinogen. Recent detection of Cr(VI) in drinking water wells in North Carolina has raised public concern about contamination of drinking water wells by nearby coal ash ponds. Here we report, for the first time, the prevalence of Cr and Cr(VI) in drinking water wells from the Piedmont region of central North Carolina, combined with a geochemical analysis to determine the source of the elevated Cr(VI) levels. We show that Cr(VI) is the predominant species of dissolved Cr in groundwater and elevated levels of Cr and Cr(VI) are found in wells located both near and far (>30 km) from coal ash ponds. The geochemical characteristics, including the overall chemistry, boron to chromium ratios, and strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) variations in groundwater with elevated Cr(IV) levels, are different from those of coal ash leachates. Alternatively, the groundwater chemistry and Sr isotope variations are consistent with water–rock interactions as the major source for Cr(...
Stem Cells and Cancer

It is widely accepted that cancers arise from cancer stem cells that possess self-renewal capacity and can recapitulate the tumors derived from it. However, the cellular origin of cancers is not clear. Emerging evidence is accumulating showing that cancers of distinct subtypes within an organ may derive from different “cell of origin.” Cancer stem cells may originate from long-lived normal stem cells, transit amplifying progenitor cells or more committed differentiated cells through different mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire unlimited self-renewal capacity. The identification of these crucial target cell populations may allow earlier detection for the prevention of malignancies, and it may also provide targets that could be exploited for eventual elimination of cancers with aggressive phenotype.
Data Models, Queries, Evaluation

Storing data is not the main purpose of databases. The Internet is a data store but not a database. Library information systems are also data stores but not databases. BothWeb browsers and library information systems can be queried using key words or phrases, but database queries are different. While Web browers always return only existing webpages, database queries can create new information that is not stored in the database, although it is logically implied by the stored data. Retrieving stored data is relatively easy. To dicover new knowledge is an enduring challenge. The main purpose of databases is to aid knowledge discovery. Even the simplest database system described in this book can aid in deriving new information that did not exist before.
“Repurposing” Medicines: A Case for Low- and Middle-Income Countries with Developing Healthcare Systems

Medicine developers are looking to medicine repositioning (also referred to in this chapter as as ‘repurposing’) as a cost effective, reduced-risk strategy for developing new medicines. Repurposing refers to the concept or process of taking a medicine developed for one indication and applying it to another. This chapter discusses whether low and middle countries could potentially benefit from such repurposing. In particular, the chapter investigates the possibility of developing new uses for generic and/or failed medicines. The chapter concentrates on repurposing anti-infective medicines, rather than those for chronic conditions. There is a relative paucity of anti-infectives in FDA withdrawn clinicial trials . Repurposing new uses for medicines withdrawn from clinical trials would seem very risky indeed. Furthermore, repurposing a new indication for some already-approved generics is possible but has other challenges. If a repurposed generic medicine works in a new disease indication using its existing formulation and doses, it may be controversial for the company to charge a higher price for the new disease indication, while patients continue to pay a lower price for the same medicine for the old disease indication. Typically, what is needed is a sufficiently large number of patients to make a drug profitable so, in this regard, repurposing medicines for ‘neglected’ or even more common diseases in LMICs are clearly a challenge where the market may exists but patients are not insulated from the cost of medicines. Successful repurposing of medicines for LMICs will not happen without policy alignment and synergies of expertise that are created through collaborations between academia and industry. Unlike use of failed medicines, the investigation of new targets and mechanisms for existing drugs with known safety profiles may add value to the business model and bring more therapies to market for patients in LMICs.
213 PROMOTING HELMET USE DURING HORSEBACK RIDING IN BUFFALO, WYOMING.

Purpose Buffalo, WY, is a rural community, with many families owning horses and participating in rodeos. Although horse-related injuries are common, helmet use is rare. A community project was developed to identify barriers to helmet use during horseback riding and develop an effective helmet promotion campaign. Methods Emergency room records were analyzed for the prevalence of horse-related accidents. Interviews were conducted with dude ranch owners, parents of 4H members, and riders to gain insight into possible resistance against helmet use. A literature search was conducted using PubMed to review the efficacy of helmets for equestrian use. Results Buffalo residents9 views on helmet use varied from understanding the effectiveness of helmets but placing it as a low priority to helmets being unnecessary and burdensome. Many people cited that horseback riding without the use of equestrian helmets had been done in their family for generations. A brochure was created to educate citizens on the dangers of horseback riding, the efficacy of equestrian helmets, and where to obtain them. Brochures were mailed out to all the parents with children in Buffalo9s 4H horse program as well as placed in the health clinic and the boys and girls club. Johnson County Public Health agreed to hand out two free equestrian helmets and provide additional ones at a discounted rate. Conclusion To make effective changes in attitude, additional health education will be necessary. The brochure was one step toward creating change; however, a strong, present advocate from the town would be the most effective way to sustain the campaign. Improvement can easily be measured by observing the number of helmeted riders at weekly rodeos in Buffalo.
Retrograde magnetic internal lengthening nail for acute femoral deformity correction and limb lengthening.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Precice magnetic internal lengthening intramedullary nail is being used with great success in femur lengthening and deformity correction with a retrograde approach. Areas Covered: Our personal history of limb lengthening and the Precice nail will be reviewed. Several technical aspects are discussed including design updates, pre operative planning, selection of nail length, the use of blocking screws and intra operative temporary external fixation, osteotomy practice, post operative management, and cost analysis. Expert Commentary: The phenomenal bone healing ability for the retrograde Precice nail after femoral osteotomy for lengthening, even after acute deformity correction, is recognized throughout the growing body of scientific publications on this topic. The few failures that have occurred appear to be attributable to excessive loading of the femur and implant during a vulnerable time of bone healing. Further studies with more uniform outcome criteria need to be conducted to ...
Unusual case of prosthetic joint infection caused by Francisella Tularensis

Tularaemia is a zoonotic infection caused by Francisella tularensis.Ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, pharyngeal, typhoidal and pneumonic types are the different types of the disease. Infection of prosthetic joints occurs at an exceedingly uncommon rate. We report a case of prosthetic joint infection involving the hip with F. tularensis, which to the best of our knowledge after a thorough literature review is the second of its kind.
Survival, expectations, and employment: An inquiry of refugees and immigrants to the United States

Abstract In the United States, employment is the cornerstone of the refugee resettlement process because of its centrality in providing self-sufficiency. Job searching and navigating employment relationships are difficult for refugees, however, because it necessarily coincides with the adversity of integrating into a new culture. This exploratory inquiry draws upon two data sources—in-depth interviews with both refugees and employees of refugee assistance organizations and a survey of refugees—to provide insight into the lived experiences, narrative chronology, and the role of expectations and psychological contracts in the employment process. The data, viewed in light of social cognitive career theory, suggest a complex trajectory of expectations, adversity, turning points, and status changes as refugees attempt to “make it” in the United States. Additionally, we provide evidence that refugees develop unrealistically positive expectations about life in the United States, face significant underemployment, experience job dissatisfaction when underemployed, and, in some cases, consider abandoning their pursuit of the “American dream” when highly dissatisfied with their jobs.
Genocide: The Act as Idea: Lang, Beryl , Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 224 pp., $24.95, ISBN 978-0812248852 Publication Date: October 2016

Berel Lang's primary goal in Genocide: The Act as Idea is to determine whether genocide is sufficiently different from other crimes that it deserves its own criminal category. He states from the on...