cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunity to Mumps in an Institutional Epidemic. Correlation of Insusceptibility to Mumps with Serum Plaque Neutralizing and Hemagglutination-inhibiting Antibodies

The importance of serum antibody levels to mumps virus as an indication of immunity to clinical mumps has recently been commented on [1, 2] in relation to the use of a new live attenuated mumps virus vaccine [3]. Since this vaccine produces relatively low levels of mumps antibody, about 10-fold less than the antibody response following natural infection [4], the amount and duration of vaccine-induced immunity has been questioned. Studies done many years before the development of this vaccine showed a significant degree of resistance to mumps in individuals who had serum complement-fixing (CF) antibodies [5] or a positive skin test [6], although a certain small percentage of individuals with antibody or with cutaneous reactivity subsequently developed clinical mumps. However, these early studies were handicapped because a sensitive assay for specific mumps neutralizing antibody was not available. Furthermore crossreacting antibodies [7, 8] and nonspecific serum inhibitors, first reported by Robbins [9] in the mumps hemagglutination-inhibition test (HI), confused the interpretation of antibody results at low dilutions of human serum. We have recently reported [10] the development of an assay for mumps plaque neutralizing (PN) antibody which does not have the problems of cross-reactivity
Nanostructure Evolution During Processing of Thin-Film Gels: A High-Resolution Electron Microscopic Study. 2. The Thin-Film Gel Derived From Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O2(OR)2

High-resolution electron microscopic examination of alkoxide thin-film gels has been employed to study the drying and aging of thin-film Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O2(OR)2 as it evolves from the gel to the ferroelectric perovskite product. The initially amorphous film is observed to aggregate to form ordered islands with inter-metal distances close to that of the final structure embedded in a highly disordered matrix. When these aggregates are at the surface they grow and decompose more rapidly to the perovskite product. The progress to a polycrystalline final state is followed and recorded in real time and in time-lapse at high resolution.
Integrating Decision Support Systems and Ergonomics: A Case Study of Software Designed for Evaluating and Controlling Ergonomic Stresses

The study examines the use of a computerized decision support system developed for evaluating and controlling ergonomic stresses in an automobile assembly plant. The decision support system is based on a database of job videos, standardized work information, upper-extremity physical stress ratings for over 400 jobs, and historical job data that could be used in the job evaluation and improvement process. The study showed the software was useful to the extent that it had a user-friendly design, provided a significant amount of job information in one centralized location, and facilitated a more detailed analysis during injury investigation.
The cost of production in cervical cytology : Comparison of conventional and automated primary screening systems

To thrive in a world of managed care and capitation, knowing the cost of production is critical, especially in cervical cytology. The relative costs of production for preparation and interpretation of cervical cytology for conventional manually read smears and a primary automated screening method were calculated in a university practice setting. The components were disposables, processing, screening, pathologist review, capital equipment, and facilities cost. The production cost for a conventional smear in our laboratory is $9.75, and the comparable production cost by a primary screening automated method would be $12.07, if it were approved for primary screening. Based on these calculations, an interactive automated method approved for primary screening would cost slightly more than conventional testing. Combinations of conventional and automated examinations (secondary screening systems) are not cost feasible unless the additional production expense can be passed through to the payers.
Effect of marihuana on cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal exercise.

Six male chronic marihuana (MH) users exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 15 min at approximately 50% VO2max under 3 conditions: (1) not smoking (control), (2) after smoking MH containing 7.5 mg (-) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and (3) after smoking placebo marihuana (PL). The MH was administered double-blind in a counterbalanced repeated-measures design. Heart rates (HRs), arterial blood pressures (BPs), pulmonary ventilation (VE), and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured during exercise and 15 min recovery. PL had no effect on any of the physiologic variables. Smoking MH had no effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), VE, or VO2, but did induce a marked increase in heart rate which persisted throughout exercise and recovery periods, averaging 34% higher than control values at rest, 18% higher during exercise, and up to 50% higher during recovery. MH smoking increased the product of HR x SBP in all circumstances. Language: en
Psychiatric changes in the acutely injured.

Fear and doubt, universal companions of injury, become abnormal reactions only when they continue after the real threat is over or when they interfere with recovery. Thus, early recognition and management of these reactions are vital. The physician should avoid making comments that may stimulate fantasies in the susceptible patient. Especially prone to abnormal psychologic reactions are persons who have learned to enjoy playing the patient's role.
Analysis on Some Foreign Harmionic Voltage Standards

For co-operating the revising of national harmonic standard GB/T 14549-1993,This paper introduces the corresponding standards of IEC,USA,UK,Russia,and their revising and perfecting.By analysis and comparison,some conclusions are presented as references for revising notional harmonic voltage standard.
Molecular tools for studying the radial spoke.

Abstract Studies of cilia and flagella often entail biochemical analysis of axonemal complexes that either associate with the nine outer doublet microtubules or the two singlet microtubules in the 9 + 2 axoneme. Each complex contains multiple subunits, a few of which are ubiquitous vital proteins, while many are novel with prevalent domains that remain to be characterized. Investigation of axoneme biochemistry will continue providing insights into flagellar biology as well as molecular complexes in general. Yet, the complicated contents and extensive molecular interactions pose significant challenges in experimentation. As such, most biochemical studies remain limited to dynein motors and often require extensive training and expensive equipment. The rapid accumulation of high-throughput database and versatile research tools has now lessened the obstacles significantly. Here, we describe the strategies and methods that were used to circumvent some of the common difficulties to characterize the radial spoke in Chlamydomonas axoneme, some of which were tailored to students with little research experience. They could be adapted for the study of many other axonemal complexes and for classroom settings as well.
The Politics of Public Opinion

Throughout the 1790s, Madison worked to prevent measures that he believed were contrary to the sovereign authority of the people as expressed in the Constitution. He also sought to establish and secure a political system dependent on the ongoing sovereignty of public opinion. These modes of authority informed Madison's stances on policy questions during the 1790s. To show as clearly as possible how Madison's republican theory informed his political practice in this period, the issues of the Washington administration will be treated thematically rather than chronologically in this chapter. We begin with those measures that raised the issue of the relationship between public opinion and constitutional meaning, that is, the adoption of a bill of rights, the establishment of a national bank, and governmental support of manufactures, and then proceed to the policy issues that impacted the ongoing politics of public opinion, viz., the national debt, foreign policy, and commercial discrimination. In the next chapter the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions will be examined, as well as the main philosophic points of agreement and disagreement between the two leading Republicans, Madison and Jefferson. When Madison introduced the Bill of Rights in the first Congress in 1789, he did so with some reluctance. His concern was that the specification of certain rights in the Constitution might be erroneously construed to disparage other rights not listed in the document.
Emotional and relationship well-being for post-1980s Chinese mothers receiving family support for childcare: comparing tangible support and supportive communication

This study examined tangible support and supportive communication as predictors of emotional well-being and relationship quality for post-1980s mothers of children less than three years old in mainland China. The sample consisted of 366 first-time mothers who participated in an online survey about their experiences in receiving support from their mothers-in-law. The results indicate that receiving tangible support from a mother-in-law had mixed effects on women’s emotional well-being. Perceived supportive communication from the mother-in-law played a more significant role than tangible support in improving emotional well-being and relationship quality. Implications for social support research in relationship contexts are discussed.
Tools for Game Discovery Built Using Latent Semantic Analysis.

We introduce two tools for videogame discovery built using latent semantic analysis, a foundational technique in statistical natural language processing. The first, GameNet, is an explorable network in which 11,829 games are linked according to how related they are. The second tool, GameSage, takes a user’s free-text description of an idea for a game and integrates with GameNet to present an interactive listing of the existing games that are most related to her idea. Both tools are hosted online as web apps.
Safety and collection efficiency with a lower transfusion threshold for extracorporeal photopheresis in adult patients with graft-versus-host disease.

Background Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an established treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Various haematocrit thresholds have been used to trigger red blood cells transfusion prior to ECP. Moderate-to-severe GVHD is frequently complicated by anaemia; the safety and collection efficiency with a lower haematocrit for ECP is unknown. Methods We prospectively enrolled 26 consecutive adult GVHD patients with haematocrits between 25% and 28·9% who received ECP on the CELLEX system. Preprocedural transfusion was withheld. We monitored the adverse events and transfusions avoided. A complete blood cell count with differential was performed on preprocedural peripheral blood and buffy coat collected. Lymphocyte fold enrichment (LFE) was compared between this cohort and two historical control groups with haematocrits of 29% or higher. Results Red Blood Cells transfusion was avoided in the lower-haematocrit cohort without adverse events. The median LFE was 4·5 (95%CI, 3·1–5·7) in the lower-haematocrit cohort and 5·2 (95%CI, 4·1–6·5) in the higher-haematocrit CELLEX-treated control group. The median difference was 0·7 (95%CI, −0·3 to 2·0, P = 0·14). It could not be established that the lower-haematocrit cohort was non-inferior to the higher-haematocrit control group with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·3. However, LFE was significantly higher in the lower-haematocrit cohort than the higher-haematocrit UVAR XTS-treated control group (P < 0·01). Conclusion Buffy coat can be collected for ECP using CELLEX in GVHD patients with a haematocrit of 25% or higher, with a collection efficiency superior to that in patients with higher haematocrits but treated using UVAR XTS. No increase in adverse events was observed at these lower haematocrits.
Keeping It Real: The Impact of HRD Internships on the Development of HRD Professionals

The ProblemParticipation in internships may provide undergraduate human resource development (HRD) students with practical experience necessary to be successful in the field. However, research is l...
Crimean crisis of 2014 in the conservative and liberal U.S. media

ABSTRACTThe Crimean crisis of 2014 received broad news coverage throughout the U.S. This study examines how the conflict was represented within the American media. The headlines (N = 568) from six major newspapers were investigated for agency-construction as well as representation of the main participants in the event. The results revealed that more powerful countries such as Russia and the U.S. were assigned greater agency, while Ukraine and Crimea were not given a voice. These findings suggest that mass media may be reflecting the current world order, where more influential nations are the dominant players in the international arena. There were no major differences between how the liberal and conservative media outlets constructed the event. These results suggest that certain international events might have a uniform representation by the U.S. media which is problematic for a democratic society due to the fact that it simplifies the realities of peoples and experiences in a diverse world.
Systems biology derived source-sink mechanism of BMP gradient formation

Before an animal is born, a protein called BMP plays a key role in establishing the difference between the front and the back of the animal. Cells nearer the front of the embryo contain higher amounts of the BMP protein, whilst cells nearer the back have progressively lower levels of BMP. This gradient of BMP ‘concentration’ affects the identity of the cells, with the level of BMP in each cell dictating what parts of the body are made where. The prevailing view among scientists is that the BMP gradient is created by an opposing gradient of another protein called Chordin, which is found at high levels at the back of the embryo and lower levels near the front. Chordin inhibits BMP and the interaction between the two proteins establishes the gradients that create order across the embryo. Zinski et al. used computer models to investigate how the BMP gradient is created. Several possibilities were considered, including the effect of Chordin. Comparing the models to precise experimental measurements of BMP activity in zebrafish embryos suggested that a different mechanism known as a source-sink model, rather than the opposing Chordin gradient, may be responsible for the pattern of BMP found in the embryo. In this model, the BMP is produced at the front of the embryo and moves towards the back end by diffusion. At the back of the embryo, BMP is mopped up by Chordin, resulting in a constant gradient of BMP along the embryo. Many other processes that control how animals grow and develop rely on the formation of similar protein gradients, so these findings may also apply to other aspects of animal development. Understanding how animals grow and develop may help researchers to develop strategies to regrow tissues and organs in human patients.
Best Monotone Degree Condition for the Hamiltonicity of Graphs with a 2-Factor

We give a sufficient degree condition for the hamiltonicity of graphs with a 2-factor which is best possible in the same sense that Chvatal’s well-known hamiltonian degree condition is best possible.
Archaeobotanical Approaches in the Study of Food Production in Remote Oceania

This short topical review discusses recent archaeobotanical approaches to understanding food production in Remote Oceania (eastern Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia). The region presents some preservation and interpretative challenges, both due to the lack of cereal crops and the hot and humid climate that prevails through much of the area. Nevertheless, archaeobotanical analyses provide insight into topics such the transport of crops between islands and anthropogenic environmental change.
Pine vs. oaks revisited: conversion of Madrean pine-oak forest to oak shrubland after high-severity wildfire in the Sky Islands of Arizona.

Abstract Fire regimes have changed dramatically in most dry woodlands and forests of the American Southwest from frequent surface fires prior to Euro-American settlement, to fire suppression in the 20th century, to a current era characterized by large, higher-severity wildfires. The recent increase in fire activity and consequent changes in forest communities are key management concerns across the region. We use sampling from before and after the 1994 Rattlesnake and 2011 Horseshoe Two Wildfires in the Chiricahua Mountains to address the extent to which higher-severity fire is converting Madrean pine-oak forest to oak shrubland in the Sky Islands of Arizona. Plant communities changed from mixed pine-oak forest before the wildfires to oak shrublands and grasslands by 2016 where fires burned at high-severity. In those sites, nearly all stems were killed above ground, oaks regenerated vigorously, mainly by resprouting, and pines recruited at very low levels. These patterns were consistent after each fire and for up to 14 years after the Rattlesnake Fire. Across the Horseshoe Two Fire, seedling recruitment of pines and oaks declined with increasing fire-severity, but oak resprouting increased. Differential recruitment success of oaks over pines was amplified by their far greater juvenile height and more ramets per resprouting genet. Resprouting in Pinus leiophylla (Chihuahua pine) after top-kill was low, but sufficient to suggest that this behavior may maintain this species at low density after high-severity fire. The impact of fire depended on topography, as less exposed plots (e.g. in drainages) experienced lower-severity fire and less conversion to oak shrublands, suggesting that these sites provided refugia for species, such as pines, sensitive to high-severity fire. Low pine recruitment occurred in all plots, not only in sites subject to high-severity fire, suggesting that vegetation conversion may have been exacerbated by the extreme drought of the past two decades. Given the episodic nature of their regeneration, pine recovery is possible in the future, but projections call for intensification of aridity and fire activity in the Southwest, which could lead to continued transition of Madrean pine-oak forests to more fire- and drought-resilient communities dominated by oaks. The results of this study point to the need for protective vegetation management and restoration experiments targeting pines.
Implementing a Patient Portal: The Role of a Hospital Librarian

ABSTRACTHealth care system libraries and librarians serve multiple functions that fit within the Medical Library Association’s Task Force on Vital Pathways for Hospital Librarians goals and directives. This article is an example of how a librarian expanded her role and responsibilities to include working with hospital clinicians and researchers to refine a custom-built patient portal for patients with a spinal cord injury. This led to trainings with patients, families, and clinicians. Extending beyond the ‘typical’ reach of the librarian allowed for the librarian to demonstrate that the library is more than its space and that the librarian has useful skills for patient outreach projects.
Processing and Physical Properties of Plastics Made from Soy Protein Polyester Blends

Blending soy protein with polyesters using a polyvinyllactam as a compatibilizer successfully made soy protein-based plastics. The polyesters used to produce blends included polycaprolactone (PCL) and Biomax (a commercial biodegradable polyester). The blends were processed by compounding extrusion and injection molding. Blends containing soy protein/Biomax-poly(vinyl alcohol) had tensile strengths ranging from 16–22 MPa, with samples containing larger percentages of the synthetic polymer exhibiting greater strengths. Blends made from soy protein, Biomax, and PCL had tensile strengths ranging from 27–33 MPa. All the blends had high Young's moduli but demonstrated brittle characteristics as evident from their low elongations at break, ranging from 1.8–3.1%. Plastics made from soy protein/polyester blends exhibited low water absorption and had good stability under ambient conditions relative to the plastics made from soy protein alone. Blends made from soy protein flour produced plastics with the lowest water absorption.
Effect of Low Temperatures on the Ballistic Limit of Hybrid Woven Composites

This paper investigates the effect of low temperatures on the ballistic limit of hybrid woven composite panels (6×4×0.25in.) at three different temperatures: R.T, −20°C and −60°C. Studies were also done on the stacking sequence and its effect on the ballistic limit at the above stated temperature. The studies were conducted by combining experimental and 3-D dynamic finite element approaches. The specimens tested were made of plain-weave hybrid S2 glass-IM7graphite fibers/toughened epoxy. The composite panels were impacted using an in-house gas gun. The time-histories of impact-induced dynamic strains was recorded. The damaged specimens were inspected visually and using the ultrasonic C-scan method. A 3-D dynamic finite element (FE) software, with Chang-Chang composite damage model, was then used to simulate the experimental results of the ballistic impact tests. Good agreement between experimental and FE results has been achieved.
Misinformation in Healthcare Social Networks: Contributing Factors

There has been a steady increase in the amount of information published on the internet in the past ten years. In the healthcare domain, patients are increasingly exchanging medical information on online social networks and engaging in self care as a result. This trend has concerned many researchers who have studied and confirmed the existence of misinformation on the internet. This research is a work in progress investigating how online social networks affect patient safety. The research question is: What are the factors contributing to the amount of misinformation in healthcare social networks? In particular, this research explores the critical factors that influence the extent of misinformation about diabetes on a diabetes social network. A total of 100 discussion threads will be collected and regression techniques will be used to analyze the data.
MATHEMATICAL FANCIES AND PARADOXES

Archimedes’ “fixed point theorem”: Give me a fixed point in space, and I shall upset the Earth”.
A Discussion on Pricing Relational Data

There exists a growing market for structured data on the Internet today, and this motivates a theoretical study of how relational data should be priced. We advocate for a framework where the seller defines a pricing scheme, by essentially stipulating the price of some queries, and the buyer is allowed to purchase data expressed by any query they wish: the system will derive the price automatically from the pricing scheme. We show that, in order to understand pricing, one needs to understand determinacy first. We also discuss some other open problems in pricing relational data.
Ion transport through single-walled carbon nanotubes: Effects of electric field and fixed surface charge

Abstract We investigate the ion permeation trends for an aqueous sodium chloride solution through negatively charged carbon nanotubes under the simultaneous effects of a concentration gradient and an electric field using Molecular Dynamics simulations. A two-stage ion transport process was observed that resulted in a tunable effective ion flux toward the low concentration reservoir wherein the first stage resembled an electric-field assisted counter-ion (sodium) migration to the downstream reservoir for a short period of time followed by a second stage consisting of diffusion-driven electrolyte transport governed by the strength of the Donnan potential formed by the fixed charge on the nanotube.
85–110-GHz CMOS Magnetic-Free Nonreciprocal Components for Full-Duplex Transceivers

Two CMOS nonreciprocal components: 1) an isolator and 2) a circulator are demonstrated at 100-GHz band for full-duplex transceivers for ultra-high-data-rate wireless communication. The proposed nonreciprocal structures are based on a time-domain modulation by signals at around one-sixth of the RF frequencies and spatial duplexing throughout their RF signal paths, demonstrating over 45-dB isolation in a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz over the tuning range of 85–110 GHz. In the presented isolator, two capacitive mixers together with a biasing network form a resonant type of wideband matching for lower loss. An improved delta topology is proposed for the circulator design which reduces the schematic complexity and chip area overhead. Implemented in a 65-nm CMOS with a chip area of 0.13 mm2 and 0.21 mm2, respectively, both the isolator and the circulator achieve over 45-dB isolation and >10 dB return losses throughout the entire bandwidth. A maximum of 4.5- and 5.6-dB insertion losses (ILs) are achieved by the isolator and circulator, respectively.
Lithium monotherapy associated longitudinal effects on resting state brain networks in clinical treatment of bipolar disorder.

Objectives Lithium is one of the most effective and specific treatments for bipolar disorder (BP), but the neural mechanisms by which lithium impacts symptoms remain unclear. Past research has been limited by a reliance on cross-sectional designs, which does not allow for identification of within-person changes due to lithium and has not examined communication between brain regions (ie, networks). In the present study, we prospectively investigated the lithium monotherapy associated effects in vivo on the brain connectome in medication-free BP patients. In particular, we examined the within-person impact of lithium treatment on connectome indices previously linked to mania and depression in bipolar disorder. Methods Thirty-nine medication-free subjects - 26 BP (13 (hypo)manic and 13 depressed) and 13 closely matched healthy controls (HC) - were included. fMRI data were obtained at 3 timepoints: baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 8 weeks (total of 117 scans: 78 BP and 39 HC scans). BP subjects were clinically treated with lithium for 8 weeks while HC were scanned at the same time points but not treated. Graph theory metrics and repeated measures GLM were used to analyze lithium treatment associated effects. Results Consistent with hypotheses, lithium treatment was associated with a normalizing effect on mania-related connectome indices. Furthermore, shifts in both mania- and depression-related connectome indices were proportional to symptom change. Finally, lithium treatment-associated impact on amygdala function differed depending on baseline mood. Conclusions Present findings provide deeper insight into the therapeutic neural mechanisms associated with lithium treatment.
The Transcriptional Regulator Hbx1 Affects the Expression of Thousands of Genes in the Aflatoxin-Producing Fungus Aspergillus flavus.

In filamentous fungi, homeobox proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators described to control conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. Eight homeobox ( hbx ) genes are found in the genome of the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus . While loss-of-function of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development, disruption of hbx1 , resulted in aconidial colonies and lack of sclerotial production. Furthermore, the hbx1 mutant was unable to produce aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 , cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. In the present study, hbx1 transcriptome analysis revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on A. flavus gene expression, and the effect of hbx1 increases overtime, impacting more than five thousand protein-coding genes. Among the affected genes, those in the category of secondary metabolism (SM), followed by that of cellular transport, were the most affected. Specifically, regarding the effect of hbx1 on SM, we found that genes in 44 SM gene clusters where upregulated while 49 were downregulated in the absence of hbx1 , including genes in the SM clusters responsible for the synthesis of asparasone, piperazine and aflavarin, all known to be associated with sclerotia. In addition, our study revealed that hbx1 affects the expression of other transcription factor genes involved in development, including the conidiation central regulatory pathway and flb genes.
Identifying Program Characteristics for Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Diversity.

Background/ContextEducating pre-service teachers to develop multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills for teaching diverse students is a major responsibility of teacher education program coord...
Clinical characteristics and depression score response after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism

OBJECTIVE Several studies indicate that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) undergoing parathyroid surgery have improvement in mood and neuropsychological functioning. The current analysis aims to examine the relationship between biochemical and clinical variables and the improvement in depression scores and in specific symptoms, after parathyroidectomy. DESIGN A prospective observational case-control study at a referral centre. PATIENTS Patients with PHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy (n = 88) or thyroid surgery (n = 85). MEASUREMENTS The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized to obtain depression scores at enrolment and 12 months after surgery. The changes in PHQ-9 were analysed and correlated with baseline clinical and biochemical parameters. RESULTS At enrolment, there was no difference between the groups in the number with a depression diagnosis (PHPT 34.1%, thyroid surgery, 35.5%, P = 0.86). However, baseline PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher in PHPT (median 7.5, range 0-27) than thyroid surgery patients (median 3.0, range 0-18, P < 0.0001). Following surgery, all PHQ-9 scores, total and symptom group (cognitive, somatic) improved and were no longer different between PHPT (total PHQ-9 median 2, range 0-16) and thyroid (median 1, range 0-14, P = 0.31) groups. Baseline parathyroid hormone level, but not calcium, had a weak relationship with change in PHQ-9 score after parathyroid surgery (P = 0.003). Baseline PHQ-9 score was correlated with change in PHQ-9 score at 12 months after parathyroid surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Depression scores improve in both somatic and cognitive domains after parathyroidectomy for PHPT and baseline severity of depression predicts the response.
Children of mentally ill parents: Understanding the effects of childhood trauma as it pertains to the school setting

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the reflections of adults on their school experiences growing up with a severely mentally ill parent and understand the effects of childhood trauma as it pertains to the school setting. This was a qualitative study consisting of biographical interviews of adult children of a severely mentally ill parent. Utilizing the grounded theory approach, themes were identified using the triangulation of a literature review, experts in the field, and the researcher's perspective. Eight adults between the ages of 30–64 who had a severely mentally ill parent were interviewed one to three times and described their school experiences in detail. Themes surfaced that coincided with the literature review, the experts in the field, and the researcher's perspective, and several new themes emerged. The participants also made recommendations as to how children with a severely mentally ill parent could best be served by teachers, counselors, and school personnel.
Hysterectomy and Adenextomy via transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES): A UK perspective with a case series of 33 patients.

Abstract Objective : To evaluate operative outcomes of hysterectomy +/- adnexectomy by Trans-vaginal Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) in a case series of 33 patients. Study Design : It was a prospective case series study carried out in Darent Valley and Benenden Hospital, to our knowledge, the first units in the United Kingdom to have undertaken VNOTE Hysterectomy. We collected data on a private shared drive noting patient demographics, indications for surgery, operation outcomes and patient follow-up details. Results and Conclusions : Between January and December 2018, 33 patients underwent surgery between two units. Indications for surgery included dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, pelvic pain, post-menopausal bleeding, prophylactic surgery in BRCA positive patients and one grade 1 stage 1 endometrial cancer in whom laparoscopic hysterectomy was technically difficult and complicated by previous midline laparotomy. Ages ranged from 35 to 75 and BMI from 20-53. Mean operation time was 68.5 min and mean blood loss intraoperatively was 269mls. 15.2% (n = 5) had a blood loss equal or more than 500 mls. There were no intraoperative complications and no conversions to open surgery. The median visual analogue pain score at 6 h post operatively and at discharge was 0. All patients received regular Paracetamol and Ibuprofen and opiate based analgesics were only used on an as required basis. Postoperative complication which included failed trial without catheter, urinary tract infection and urinary dysfunction were reported by four women (12.4%). Only 2 patients re-presented to hospital over a 30-day period and neither required inpatient management. Hysterectomy by vNOTES has advantages over traditional laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomy that include reduced requirement for intra-abdominal insufflation and head down, absence of trocar related injuries and easier operative access in patients with morbid obesity, or previous abdominal surgery such as midline laparotomy or mesh hernia repair. In addition, both tubes and ovaries can be removed easily due to easier access and visibility and there is no requirement for vaginal descent in order to do so. Plans for a comparative study between laparoscopic hysterectomy and vNOTES hysterectomy are underway.
Bonding performance of adhesive systems for cross-laminated timber treated with micronized copper azole type C (MCA-C)

Abstract The feasibility of manufacturing cross-laminated timber (CLT) from southern yellow pine (United States grown) treated with micronized copper azole type C (MCA-C) preservative was evaluated. Lumber (2x6 visually graded no. 2 boards) was treated to two retention levels (1.0 and 2.4 kg/m3), planed to a thickness of 35 mm, and assembled along with an untreated control group using three adhesive systems following product specifications: melamine formaldehyde (MF), resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), and one-component polyurethane (PUR). Block shear and delamination tests were conducted to examine the bonding performance in accordance with ASTM D905 and ASTM D2559 Standards, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted to evaluate the effects of preservative retention and adhesive type on block shear strength (BSS) and wood failure percentage (WFP). Regardless of adhesive type, the 1.0 kg/m3 retention treatment significantly lowered BSS compared to the untreated control. CLT composed of the laminations treated at 2.4 kg/m3 maintained BSS when PUR and RF were used but not MF. The average WFP of each CLT configuration ranged from 89% to 99%. The untreated CLT specimens did not experience any delamination under accelerated weathering cycles. The delamination rates of the treated specimens assembled using MF and RF increased with the preservative retention level, while PUR provided delamination rates less than 1% to the laminations treated at both levels. These combined data suggest that, under the conditions tested, PUR provided overall better bonding performance than MF and RF for MCA-C treated wood.
Moving Forward With Biologics in Lupus Nephritis.

The majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus develop lupus nephritis (LN) which significantly contributes to increased risks of hospitalizations, ESRD, and death. Unfortunately, treatments for LN have not changed over the past 15 years. Despite continued efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of LN, no new drugs have yet replaced the standard-of-care regimens of cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil plus high-dose corticosteroids. The significant limitations of standard-of-care are low complete response rates, risk of flares, and ongoing inflammation in the kidney leading to progressive renal dysfunction. Repeat and prolonged treatments are often needed to control disease, leading to a high level of severe side effects. The development of targeted drugs with better efficacy and safety are desperately needed. The rationale for targeting key immunologic pathways in LN continues to be strongly supported by basic and translational research and has generated the hope and excitement of testing these therapies in human LN. This review provides an overview of biologics studied to date in clinical trials of LN, discusses the potential reasons for their failure, and addresses the challenges moving forward.
Pleiotropic activities of RKIP in cancer: Role in survival, EMT, chemo-immuno-resistance, and autophagy

Abstract The genetic complexities of cancer cells remain major obstacles to fully understanding the process of tumorigenesis. Dysregulated signaling pathways implicated in promoting transformation of normal somatic cells tend to exhibit vast overlapping networks of crosstalk, many of which thwart efforts at using checkpoint inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors to reverse immune suppression and halt tumor progression. The metastasis suppressor Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has become a molecule of interest in uncovering the underlying mechanisms of chemo-immuno-resistance and metastatic progression in various cancer types. The majority of human cancer types express low levels of RKIP. Many studies have linked the activity of RKIP to the functional inhibition of promoters of rampant cell division and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/Snail/Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/RKIP/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loop. RKIP has also been reported to be involved in the regulation of tumor cell sensitivity to both immuno- and chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents. RKIP has also recently been shown to regulate key players in macroautophagy, an essential housekeeping process. We have reported the presence of crosstalks between RKIP and autophagy which regulate EMT, cell senescence, and survival responses in cancer cells. Overall, RKIP plays a pivotal role in tumor survival, invasion, and drug resistance in the above-mentioned pathways. In addition, these various pathways and crosstalks provide clues to decoding the events leading to tumorigenesis and to uncovering novel therapeutic targets in tumors.
Adult Reflection on Engaging Youth of Color in Research and Action: A Case Study From Five U.S. Cities:

With the proliferation of participatory approaches to promoting youth development such as Youth-Led Participatory Action Research (YPAR), it is more important than ever that researchers and practit...
Discussion by P.J. Bickel

Professor Nousek discusses three examples of statistical inference in astronomy where the number of counts (of photons, etc.) is small. In his discussion he advances various methods of analysis on which I shall comment.
Bringing tendon biology to heel: Leveraging mechanisms of tendon development, healing, and regeneration to advance therapeutic strategies.

Tendons are specialized matrix-rich connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone and are essential for movement. As tissues that frequently transfer large mechanical loads, tendons are commonly injured in patients of all ages. Following injury, mammalian tendons heal poorly through a slow process that forms disorganized fibrotic scar tissue with inferior biomechanical function. Current treatments are limited and patients can be left with a weaker tendon that is likely to re-rupture and an increased chance of developing degenerative conditions. More effective, alternative treatments are needed. However, our current understanding of tendon biology remains limited. Here, we emphasize why expanding our knowledge of tendon development, healing, and regeneration is imperative for advancing tendon regenerative medicine. We provide a comprehensive review of the current mechanisms governing tendon development and healing and further highlight recent work in regenerative tendon models including the neonatal mouse and zebrafish. Importantly, we discuss how present and future discoveries can be applied to both augment current treatments and design novel strategies to treat tendon injuries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Does Point-of-Care Ultrasound Affect Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections?

Objective There is increasing evidence for the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), but there is a lack of sufficient data on its impact on SSTI outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether POCUS use is associated with fewer complications after discharge from the pediatric emergency department. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in patients presenting to the emergency department with SSTI between the ages of 2 months and 19 years old. Adverse outcomes included hospitalization after discharge, change in antibiotics, subsequent procedures, or reevaluation by a medical professional. Outcome information was obtained 1 week later. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used. Results Of 456 patients screened, 250 were enrolled. POCUS was performed on 113 (45%) patients. The median age was 5 years, with more females in the non-POCUS group compared with the POCUS group (58% vs. 52%). Cellulitis without abscess was more commonly diagnosed in the POCUS group than in the non-POCUS group (26% vs 14%, P = 0.02.) The patients in the non-POCUS group were more likely to undergo incision and drainage than those in the POCUS group (62% vs 45%, P = 0.008). Overall, a greater number of patients in the POCUS group did not undergo any procedure (45% vs 27%, P = 0.003). The outcomes at 1 week did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions POCUS use may lead to fewer procedures, but it does not lead to significantly better outcomes. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
The Euro in a Triple Crisis Context and Its Impact on the European Union

This chapter examines the Eurozone crisis and the ways its interaction with the refugee crisis and Brexit impacted the European Union. After briefly describing each crisis, I turn to the intersections among these crises and the role of institutions in solving them. While institutions often help, they are not panaceas. Existing scholarship on the EU often implies that substantial improvements in welfare are just around the corner if only we “get our institutions right.” Focusing on the dynamic context of multiple crises underscores the ways in which differential integration is taking place in the EU. I argue that the Eurozone crisis presents the most opportunity for “heading forward” among member states, whereas both the refugee crisis and Brexit constitute failures to devise institutional solutions to the challenges facing the EU.
Impact of prehospital airway interventions on outcome in cardiac arrest following drowning: A study from the CARES Surveillance Group.

Abstract Introduction Drowning results in more than 360,000 deaths annually, making it the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide. Prior studies have examined airway interventions affecting patient outcomes in cardiac arrest, but less is known about drowning patients in arrest. This study evaluated the outcomes of drowning patients in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) who received advanced airway management. Methods A retrospective analysis of the CARES database identified cases of drowning etiology between 2013 and 2018. Patients were stratified by airway intervention performed by EMS personnel. Demographics, sustained return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and neurological outcomes were compared between airway groups using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. Results Among 2388 drowning patients, 70.4% were male, 41.8% white, and 13.1% survived to hospital discharge. Patients that received supraglottic airways [SGA] had statistically significantly lower odds of survival to hospital admission compared to endotracheal tube [ETT] use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.76) as well as lower odds of survival to discharge compared to bag valve mask [BVM] use (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19−0.86) when accounting for relative ROSC timing. Conclusion In this national cohort of drowning patients in cardiac arrest, SGA use was associated with significantly lower odds of survival to hospital admission and discharge. However, survival to discharge with favorable neurological outcome did not differ significantly between airway management techniques. Further studies will need to examine if airway intervention order or time to intervention affects outcomes.
A humanized monoclonal antibody against the endothelial chemokine CCL21 for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Chemokines are small proteins that promote leukocyte migration during development, infection, and inflammation. We and others isolated the unique chemokine CCL21, a potent chemo-attractant for naive T-cells, naive B-cells, and immature dendritic cells. CCL21 has a 37 amino acid carboxy terminal extension that is distinct from the rest of the chemokine family, which is thought to anchor it to venule endothelium where the amino terminus can interact with its cognate receptor, CCR7. We and others have reported that venule endothelium expressing CCL21 plays a crucial role in attracting naive immune cells to sites of antigen presentation. In this study we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies to the amino terminus of CCL21 in an attempt to generate an antibody that blocked the interaction of CCL21 with its receptor CCR7. We found one humanized clone that blocked naive T-cell migration towards CCL21, while memory effector T-cells were less affected. Using this monoclonal antibody, we also demonstrated that CCL21 is expressed in the mucosal venule endothelium of the large majority of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and also in celiac disease. This expression correlated with active IBD in 5 of 6 cases, whereas none of 6 normal bowel biopsies had CCL21 expression. This study raises the possibility that this monoclonal antibody could be used to diagnose initial or recurrent of IBD. Significantly, this antibody could also be used for therapeutic intervention in IBD by selectively interfering with recruitment of naive immune effector cells to sites of antigen presentation, without harming overall memory immunity.