cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The treatment of severe intrabony defects with GTR therapy may be used to maintain the CAL and retain teeth long term.

Original Article Cortellini P, Tonetti MS. Long-term tooth survival following regenerative treatment of intrabony defects. J Periodontol 2004;75(5):672-8. Level of Evidence 4 Purpose To assess the long-term stability of clinical attachment level (CAL) and tooth survival in teeth following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment with intrabony defects and to assess the association between patient-related variables. Source of Funding Accademia Toscana di Ricerca Odontostomatologica, the Eastman Periodontology Research Fund, and the European Research Group in Periodontology Type of Study/Design Cohort study (Retrospective study)
Electronic and Geometric Structure of a Trinuclear Mixed-Valence Copper(II,II,III) Cluster

The four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water by trinuclear copper clusters is of great biological significance. Recently we reported the crystal structure of a trinuclear model complex in which the three coppers provide the four electrons necessary to fully reduce dioxygen, generating two μ3-oxo bridges. This complex is best described as a localized, mixed-valence Cu(II,II,III) system which has C2v effective symmetry. The magnetic properties of this trinuclear cluster have been investigated by MCD and SQUID magnetic susceptibility. The two Cu(II) ions are found to be ferromagnetically coupled with a triplet/singlet splitting of 14 cm-1. Density functional calculations reproduce these geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties of the trinuclear cluster and provide insight into their origin. Since the trinuclear copper complex has a 3+ charge, the Cu3O2 core is one electron too oxidized to permit each atom to be in a preferred oxidation state (2+ for Cu and 2− for O). The extra hole in this highly o...
Solitary fibrous tumor of the larynx: case report demonstrating the value of MRI in guiding surgical management.

Abstract A 74-year-old woman presented with persistent dysphagia, dysphonia, and throat gurgling. Prior intraoperative biopsies were negative, and outside imaging revealed supraglottic swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-defined T1 and T2 hypointense, avidly enhancing hypopharyngeal mass. Deep intraoperative rebiopsies revealed a tumor with CD34+ tissue, diagnostic of a solitary fibrous tumor. A broad range of nonsquamous cell tumors should be considered when a submucosal laryngeal mass is encountered. MRI may be particularly helpful in guiding appropriate biopsy.
Shellac Coatings for Grapefruits that Favor Biological Control ofPenicillium digitatumbyCandida oleophila

Abstract Shellac coatings that support significantly high populations of the yeastCandida oleophilafor biocontrol ofPenicillium digitatumwere formulated for postharvest application to grapefruits. An aqueous shellac latex was not toxic to the yeast and was suitable for testing constituents of commercial shellac coatings. Alteration of this product to contain 2% ethanol was nontoxic, but 4, 6, 8, and 10% ethanol killed 90% of the yeast cells within 24, 4, 2, and 0.5 h, respectively. Above a pH of 8.25, cell death was rapid when amine bases were incorporated. This level of toxicity resulted from addition to the shellac latex of more than 1.5% morpholine or 0.3% ammonia; a similar death rate developed nearer to pH 9.0 with incorporation of approximately 1.5% KOH. Although higher concentrations of base were required for the preparation of experimental formulations derived from bleached shellac, shellac ester, and wood resin ester, the relationship between the pH of the liquid coating and yeast survival persisted. Particularly with wood resin ester, KOH solutions maintained higher populations of yeast. When applied to grapefruits postharvest, a shellac latex formulation and a dissolved shellac/shellac ester formulation supported surface populations of yeasts between 104and 105CFU/cm2throughout 4 months of storage at 13°C. These preparations significantly improved shelf-life when compared to fruits coated with a commercial shellac formulation.
Citizens’ perceptions of the courts: The impact of race, gender, and recent experience

Abstract This study examined the influences of race, gender, and recent court experience on citizens’ perceptions of the courts in their communities. Using national survey data collected in 2000, this research assessed variation in perceptions of the courts along four dimensions: differential treatment, fair procedure and outcome, concern and respect, and overall evaluation. The results showed that racial minorities, including Blacks and Latinos, were more likely than Whites to have negative attitudes toward the courts. While race is generally a better predictor than gender, the interaction between gender and race is important in understanding citizen’s perceptions of the courts. Citizens who have recent personal contact with the courts tend to rate the courts less favorable than those who have no recent contact. Citizens’ opinions of the police and equal opportunity are also significantly related to their perceptions of the courts. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Dynorphin–Still an Extraordinarily Potent Opioid Peptide

This issue of Molecular Pharmacology is dedicated to Dr. Avram Goldstein, the journal’s founding editor and one of the leaders in the development of modern pharmacology. This article focuses on his contributions to the discovery of the dynorphins and evidence that members of this family of opioid peptides are endogenous agonists for the kappa opioid receptor. In his original publication describing the purification and sequencing of dynorphin A, Avram described this peptide as ”extraordinarily potent” (“dyn” from the Greek, dynamis = power and “orphin” for endogenous morphine peptide). The name originally referred to its high affinity and great potency in the bioassay that was used to follow its activity during purification, but the name has come to have a second meaning: studies of its physiologic function in brain continue to provide powerful insights to the molecular mechanisms controlling mood disorders and drug addiction. During the 30 years since its discovery, we have learned that the dynorphin peptides are released in brain during stress exposure. After they are released, they activate kappa opioid receptors distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord, where they trigger cellular responses resulting in different stress responses: analgesia, dysphoria-like behaviors, anxiety-like responses, and increased addiction behaviors in experimental animals. Avram predicted that a detailed molecular analysis of opiate drug actions would someday lead to better treatments for drug addiction, and he would be gratified to know that subsequent studies enabled by his discovery of the dynorphins resulted in insights that hold great promise for new treatments for addiction and depressive disorders.
Challenging the status quo: Alan Pifer and higher education reform in Colonial Nigeria

The historiography of higher education in Nigeria has not fully accounted for Alan Pifer’s crucial contributions in reforming the elitist British higher education tradition in colonial Nigeria. Through qualitative analysis of mostly primary sources acquired from the Rare Book and Manuscript Library in Columbia University, this article argues that Pifer was one of the influential architects of higher education reform in Nigeria in the years immediately following the Second World War – and under the auspices of the Carnegie Corporation foundation for the advancement of education. Pifer’s involvement in Nigeria emerged from his experience on Africa as an administrator of the Fulbright Scholar Program. He was driven by a deep conviction that Nigeria’s educational expansion was central in remaking the country’s postcolonial society and the belief that engaging Carnegie’s resources in pursuing Nigeria’s educational reform would help America win the Cold War in Nigeria, and thus ensure a strong, united pro-Ameri...
Deep Valley Radiation and Surface Energy Budget Microclimates. Part II: Energy Budget

Abstract Surface energy budget measurements were made concurrently at five sites located on the valley floor, sidewalls and ridgetop of Colorado's 650-m deep Brush Creek Valley (39°32′N, 108°24′W) on the nearly clear day of 25 September 1984 using the Bowen ratio energy budget technique. Daily average surface heat flux values for a natural sagebrush ecosystem on the floor of the semiarid valley included an input of 109 W m−2 net all-wave radiation and 15 W m−2 ground heat flux, and a loss of 48 W m−2 latent heat flux and 76 W m−2 sensible heat flux. Significant differences in instantaneous, daily, and daytime fluxes occurred from site to site as a function of slope aspect and inclination angles and surface properties, including vegetation cover and soil moisture. Strong contrasts in instantaneous latent and sensible heat fluxes occurred between the opposing northeast-and southwest-facing sidewalls of the valley as solar insolation varied through the course of the day and as shadows propagated across the v...
The African Cherry (Prunus africana): from Hoe-Handles to the International herb market

I studied the uses of the African cherry (Prunus africana) by four ethnic groups who live near the Kilum-Ijim Forest Preserve on Mount Oku, Cameroon. Prunus africana is valued for its timber, which is used for tool handles and for fuel, and it is an important wildlife food. However, its greatest value is for traditional medicines. Healers use the bark and leaves to treat more than 30 human ailments and several animal diseases and it is the most important plant used in their practices. This study is the first to document this importance, particularly for animal medicines. I also examined the growing worldwide herbal use to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Market demand has caused resource depletion and an erosion of traditional resource protection practices. Preservation of the species will depend on sustainable harvesting methods and on cultivation.
An architecture for transforming graphical interfaces

While graphical user interfaces have gained much popularity in recent years, there are situations when the need to use existing applications in a nonvisual modality is clear. Examples of such situations include the use of applications on hand-held devices with limited screen space (or even no screen space, as in the case of telephones), or users with visual impairments.We have developed an architecture capable of transforming the graphical interfaces of existing applications into powerful intuitive nonvisual interfaces. Our system, called Mercator, provides new input and output techniques for working in the nonvisual domain. Navigation is accomplished by traversing a hierarchical tree representation of the interface structure. Output is primarily auditory, although other output modalities (such as tactile) can be used as well. The mouse, an inherently visually-oriented device, is replaced by keyboard and voice interaction.Our system is currently in its third major revision. We have gained insight into both the nonvisual interfaces presented by our system and the architecture necessary to construct such interfaces. This architecture uses several novel techniques to efficiently and flexibly map graphical interfaces into new modalities.
Interventions Targeting Attention in Young Children With Autism

Purpose The ability to focus and sustain one’s attention is critical for learning. Children with autism demonstrate unusual characteristics of attention from infancy. It is reasonable to assume tha...
Stress proteins, infection, and immune surveillance

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respond to potentially damaging stimuli such as elevated temperature by increasing the synthesis of a family of proteins collectively known as stress proteins. The major stress proteins (also known as heat shock proteins) are among the most highly conserved and abundant proteins found in nature. Stress proteins have been shown to be among the dominant antigens recognized in immune responses to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Recent reports indicate that immune responses against stress proteins can be highly crossreactive and can even involve anti-self reactivity. Some of these reports implicate immune responses to stress proteins in arthritis. Others suggest that healthy individuals may have the capacity to respond to self stress protein determinants in a manner that could help eliminate their own cells that are infected, transformed, or otherwise stressed. The purpose of this review is to bring together observations on the nature of stress proteins, the antigenicity of stress proteins, and the relationship between stress protein antigens and autoimmunity. The Stress Response and Stress Proteins One to two dozen proteins are induced in response to a range of different stresses, including heat shock, nutrient deprivation, oxygen radicals, and metabolic disruption. The best studied of these stresses is heat shock (reviewed in Lindquist and Craig, 1988), in which a sudden increase in temperature induces the increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsp’s). The heat shock response is the most highly conserved genetic system known. Because many of the heat shock proteins are also induced by other stresses, we refer to them here as stress proteins. The stress proteins are remarkable in their evolutionary conservation. For example, the hsp90, hsp70, and hsp60 proteins are found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Pairwise comparison of hsp70 sequences from almost any two organisms reveals that about half of the amino acid residues are identical, and many of the remaining residues are similar. Hsp90 and hsp60 are similarly highly conserved. Indeed, these are among the most highly conserved proteins known. The major stress proteins occur at low to moderate levels in cells that have not been stressed but accumulate to very high levels in stressed cells. The most striking example of this is E. coli hsp60, which accounts for 1.6% of total M inireview
SCVIR annual meeting film panel session: diagnosis and discussion of case 2.

A 63-year-old diabetic man with coronary artery disease underwent triple-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery complicated by delayed sternal infection. Over a 10-week hospital course, multiple surgical debridements were performed to allow open wound healing with subsequent closure with muscle flap and skin grafting (Figs 1,2). Six weeks after discharge, he presented with recurrent fever, chest pain, and leukocytosis, despite continued administration of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics. A follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scan was performed (Fig 3). The fever and leukocytosis resolved with use of intravenous antibiotics over a 6-day period. Thoracic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography were performed because of worsening chest pain (Fig 4).
NGST mirror system demonstrator from the University of Arizona

Future space telescopes require primary mirrors that are much lighter than those currently being manufactured. They also must maintain optical tolerances while operating at cryogenic temperatures. We present a Mirror System Demonstrator for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) that uses a thin glass facesheet with active control to achieve low mass and high surface quality. A 2-mm thick glass facesheet is controlled by miniature actuators and held together by a rigid carbon fiber frame. The 2-m diameter mirror system weighs only 13 kg/m2, including the glass, supports, actuators, support structure, and cabling. We present the status of the development and testing of this revolutionary mirror.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tropodegradable fluorocarbon replacements for ozone-depleting and global-warming chemicals

Abstract Incorporation of certain molecular features into fluorocarbons can decrease the tropospheric lifetime, providing commercially applicable chemicals with low global warming and stratospheric ozone impacts.
Markownikow‐Hydroborierung von Perfluoralkylethylenen

Mit einer Markownikow-Regioselektivitat von ≥92 % verlauft die Hydroborierung einer Reihe von Perfluoralkylethylenen sowie von 2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-Pentafluorstyrol mit Dichlor- und Dibromboran zu den entsprechenden (Fluoralkyl)dihalogenboranen (siehe Schema).
Regionalization of cancer control efforts in the u.s.a.

The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, one of the first of the nation's twenty-one Comprehensive Cancer Centers, established a cancer control program to mobilize resources to improve patient care and prevent the occurrence of neoplastic diseases. Initial efforts were based on the results of a series of investigations conducted in four communities. Findings from these studies were then converted into a series of programmatic interventions. The strategy included integrated approaches to creating a community education program within the overall effort.
Relationship between androstenedione-induced myometrial contractions and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in late gestation in pregnant rhesus monkeys.

An association between platelet-activating factor (PAF) and myometrial contractions has been established. Estrogens regulate PAF activity via reduction in the activity of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), the enzyme that catalyzes PAF inactivation. Administration of androstenedione to pregnant monkeys leads to sustained increases in maternal plasma estradiol (E 2 ), with persistent nocturnal myometrial contractions. The present study tested the hypothesis that androstenedione-induced contractions are associated with a fall in maternal plasma PAF-AH activity in monkeys. Eight monkeys (132-136 days gestation, dGA) were instrumented under halothane anesthesia with maternal vascular catheters and uterine electromyogram electrodes. At 138-142 dGA, two baseline maternal arterial samples were taken for E 2 and PAF-AH measurements. The following day a continuous i.v. androstenedione infusion was started in 4 monkeys while 4 control monkeys received i.v. infusions of vehicle alone. Arterial blood sampling was repeated 1 and 3 days after the start of either infusion. Despite an increase in maternal E 2 to term levels and established myometrial contractions, no change in maternal plasma PAF-AH activity occurred after androstenedione treatment. Maternal plasma E 2 , PAF-AH activity, and contractions remained unchanged from baseline in control monkeys. In conclusion, androstenedione-induced increases in maternal plasma E 2 and myometrial contractions are not associated with a fall in maternal plasma PAF-AH specific activity.
Training peer educators to promote self-management skills in people with serious mental illness (SMI) and diabetes (DM) in a primary health care setting

Aim To describe the training and participant experience of patients with both severe mental illness (SMI) and diabetes (DM) who were enrolled in a Peer Educator Training Program adapted to a primary health care setting. Background The mortality of patients with both SMI and DM is high. Illness self-management includes medications, psychosocial treatments, and healthy behaviors, yet treatment engagement is often sub-optimal with adherence rates of 52% for diabetic medications and 62% for antipsychotic medications among the SMI. To address this problem, a new behavioral intervention study targeting SMI and DM self-management used trained peer educators (PEs) with the same chronic conditions to enhance program effectiveness. A manual facilitated training on intervention topics such as SMI and DM therapies, stress management, and stigma reduction as well as training in group intervention techniques, telephone skills, and crisis management. Methods We assessed PE attitudes and input using in-depth face-to-face interviews. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the classic method of content analysis emphasizing dominant themes. A member check-in was conducted where participants commented on analysis results. Findings Six relevant descriptive themes emerged: (1) positive group experience; (2) success with learning manual content; (3) increased knowledge about SMI and DM; (4) improved self-management skills; (5) increased self-confidence and self-efficacy in becoming a PE; and being (6) united in purpose to help others self-manage their SMI and DM. Qualitative evidence supports structured training for SMI-DM PEs. Key components include written educational materials and the power of the group process to increase knowledge, self-management skills, confidence, and self-efficacy. Recommendations are offered to support further endeavors to mobilize peers with SMI to help other patients with complex comorbidities better manage their own health.
Experimentally verifiable modeling of coplanar waveguide discontinuities

A general technique for obtaining the frequency dependent scattering parameters of open waveguiding structures is discussed. The first step of the analysis is an iterative solution for the charge distribution on the electrodes which, in our case, uses the "straight line" solution, the one first derived by Maxwell, as the starting value. A calibrated optical sampling technique allows for direct verification of the validity of the quasi-static charge distribution for structures in which the dielectric layers are also electrooptic. (Common waveguiding dielectrics such as GaAs and InP are sufficiently electrooptic to yield more than sufficient signal-to-noise ratios for accurate verification.) In cases where the quasi-static solution is valid, it is shown that the full dynamics of the propagation problem can be recovered from an equivalent nonuniform transmission line, the parameters of which can be determined from the phase velocity and impedance distribution defined by the static charge distribution. Here, we present analysis of planar discontinuities in coplanar waveguides (CPW), but the method can be modified and applied to include active devices, as well as three-dimensional discontinuities, such as airbridges. The method is based on an iterative solution of the quasi-static charge distribution using successive over relaxation and the dynamics are introduced via the Riccati equation. Additional measurements performed on the "in-house" fabricated passive circuits using an HP8510 network analyzer verify the accuracy of the dynamical part of the method. >
Modular hardware infrastructure for autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are taking on increasingly visible and valuable roles in oceanographic research institutions, the offshore industry, and the military (Podder et al., 2004 and Yongkuan, 2002). AUV research, especially at the university level, is hindered by the lack of flexible and affordable platforms suitable for a wide range of applications. This paper presents an electrical and mechanical infrastructure developed to improve the flexibility and modularity of research AUVs. External devices can be added or replaced with minimal vehicle modification. A power backplane offers built-in monitoring and switching for all electronic devices. A signal backplane allows new electronics to be quickly integrated into the existing system. Easily detachable segments make the entire system mechanically modular.
Experiments in the representation and manipulation of labels of fuzzy sets

This paper is concerned with the demands which ambiguity, a form of complexity, places upon the decider, an executive subsystem of living systems. Experiments involving the ability of individuals to manipulate fuzzy labels are described. The results confirm the need to differentiate individuals according to the mental processes which they summon in response to communication containing fuzzy labels. When designing work and decision tasks, attention should be paid to the added complexity brought about by the introduction of ambiguity of task structure and ambiguity of information. Implications for systems design and management are drawn.
Distinct cytokine regulation by cholera toxin and type II heat-labile toxins involves differential regulation of CD40 ligand on CD4(+) T cells.

Cholera toxin (CT) and the type II heat-labile enterotoxins (HLT) LT-IIa and LT-IIb act as potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants and induce distinct T-helper (Th)-cell cytokine profiles. In the present study, CT and the type II HLT were found to differentially affect cytokine production by anti-CD3-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the cellular mechanisms responsible were investigated. CT suppressed interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-12 production by PBMC cultures more than either LT-IIa or LT-IIb. CT but not LT-IIa or LT-IIb reduced the expression of CD4+ T-cell surface activation markers (CD25 and CD69) and subsequent proliferative responses of anti-CD3-stimulated T cells. CT but not LT-IIa or LT-IIb significantly reduced the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) on CD4+ T cells. In a coculture system, CT-treated CD4+ T cells induced significantly less TNF-α and IL-12 p70 production by both autologous monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells than either LT-IIa- or LT-IIb-treated CD4+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that CT, LT-IIa, and LT-IIb differentially affect CD40-CD40L interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells and help explain the distinct cytokine profiles observed with type I and type II HLT when used as mucosal adjuvants.
The tube wave as a Biot slow wave

The tube wave speed in a simple fluid‐filled circular bore reduces to vT=vf/(1+Kf/μ)1/2 as the frequency goes to zero, where vf=(Kf/ρf)1/2 is the acoustic sound speed in the fluid, ρf is the fluid density, Kf is the fluid bulk modulus, and μ is the formation shear modulus. Biot (1952) deduced this simple relation by considering the low‐frequency asymptotic expansion of the exact dispersion relation. In 1956, Biot proposed a theory (Biot, 1956a, b) that predicts a new type of compressional bulk wave in fluid‐saturated porous media. This “slow wave” is associated mainly with the motion of pore fluids. It appears that Biot never related this theory to his previous work on the bore problem, although the connection is apparent if the bore is considered as a pore. Typically, the bore radius is about 10 cm, while the relevant acoustic logging frequency is on the order of 1 kHz. With water as the bore fluid, the viscous skin depth is on the order of 100 μm. Therefore, if the bore is to be considered as a pore, th...
Blockade of a Retinal cGMP-gated Channel by Polyamines

The cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) channel in retinal rods converts the light-regulated intracellular cGMP concentration to various levels of membrane potential. Blockade of the channel by cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ lowers its effective conductance. Consequently, the membrane potential has very low noise, which enables rods to detect light with extremely high sensitivity. Here, we report that three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), which exist in both the intracellular and extracellular media, also effectively block the CNG channel from both sides of the membrane. Among them, spermine has the greatest potency. Extracellular spermine blocks the channel as a permeant blocker, whereas intracellular spermine appears to block the channel in two conformations—one permeant, and the other non- (or much less) permeant. The membrane potential in rods is typically depolarized to approximately −40 mV in the dark. At this voltage, K1/2 of the CNG channel for extracellular spermine is 3 μM, which is 100–1,000-fold higher affinity than that of the NMDA receptor-channel for extracellular spermine. Blockade of the CNG channel by polyamines may play an important role in suppressing noise in the signal transduction system in rods.
Opsonin System of the Group B Streptococcus

The opsonization by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of group B streptococcal serotypes associated with neonatal sepsis and delayed meningitis was studied. A specific BIa opsonizing antibody (not related to the antipolysaccharide typing antibody) was present in only 10% of the population tested. Serotype BIa was not opsonized in the absence of this specific antibody. BIa antibody specificity was demonstrated by macroagglutination and absorption with BIa streptococci and extracts, but not by gel diffusion. The binding of complement by the BIa opsonin increased the mean phagocytic activity by 60%; complement was manifested via the classic and/or alternate C3-related pathway, but seldom by both concurrently. Serotypes BIb, BIc, BII, and BIII were naturally and nonspecifically opsonized in 95% of the human and baboon sera or plasma tested. Although similar levels of opsonization were present in hyperimmune rabbit sera, heat inactivation and homologous bacterial absorption did not reduce the level of phagocytic activity in the rabbit, human, or primate groups studied. These immunological studies confirmed previous findings that serotype BIa presents a serious hazard for neonatal sepsis, with a nearly 100% mortality. Exclusive isolation of BIII in delayed meningitis suggests that ingestion and subsequent killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of type III may differ from the other serotypes.
Estimating Renal Filtration, Drug Dosing, and Clinical Outcomes.

Arguably some of the most frequently used numerical values in clinical medicine are calculated or estimated parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and glomerular filtration rate. It has long been recognized that the plasma pool of
Dimensions of Knowledge

It is a common observation in methodological writings that a scientist can expend a given amount of intellectual effort in several ways. A scientist’s knowledge is said to be abstract or concrete,1 broad or deep, theoretical or observational, typifying or individualizing, specialistic or universalistic, nomothetic or idiographic, more or less balanced, strong or weak in terms of the total intellectual effort.
Positive Aspects of Grief

Three hundred twelve adults whose loved ones had died approximately one year prior were interviewed to learn if, despite the tragedy, anything good had come about as a result of the death, what they had learned from their experience, and what they and others had done that helped during their grief. Eighty-four percent of those interviewed said that positive things had happened as a result of the death—it brought their family closer together, they learned to appreciate life more, and they found they were stronger and more capable than they had thought. The main thing other people did that helped was listen.
Comparison Study of Output-only Subspace and Frequency-Domain Methods for System Identification of Base Excited Civil Engineering Structures

A number of practical issues must be considered when conducting system identification of civil engineering structures when using output-only data sets. In this study, system identification methods in the time- and frequency-domain are considered: stochastic subspace identification (SSI) and frequency domain decomposition (FDD), respectively. In order to evaluate these two output-only analyses, support-excited frame structures are selected as a common civil engineering structure of interest (e.g., building structures exposed to seismic loads). Due to the absence of a direct means of mathematically evaluating the results of the output-only analyses, this study proposes an indirect method of comparison. Specifically, an input-output system identification study is first conducted by the subspace system identification method to estimate a full set of state-space model system matrices. Then, time-domain comparisons between the predicted and measured responses are conducted. Next, conversion of the input-output model to modal space is executed to allow a direct comparison between modal parameters extracted from the two output-only models can be made. Detailed experimental testing using a steel frame structure exposed to seismic ground motion is conducted to allow the accuracy of the two output-only analyses to be evaluated.
Fast-onset lidocaine block of rat NaV1.4 channels suggests involvement of a second high-affinity open state

Local anesthetics (LAs) block resting, open, and inactivated states of voltage-gated Na(+) channels where inactivated states are thought to bind with highest affinity. However, reports of fast-onset block occurring over milliseconds hint at high-affinity block of open channels. Movement of voltage-sensor domain IV-segment 4 (DIVS4) has been associated with high affinity LA block termed voltage-sensor block (VSB) that also leads to a second open state. These observations point to a second high-affinity open state that may underlie fast-onset block. To test for this state, we analyzed the modulation of Na(+) currents by lidocaine and its quaternary derivative (QX222) from heterologously expressed (Xenopus laevis oocytes) rat skeletal muscle μ1 NaV1.4 (rSkM1) with β1 (WT-β1), and a mutant form (IFM-QQQ mutation in the III-IV interdomain, QQQ) lacking fast inactivation, in combination with Markov kinetic gating models. 100 μM lidocaine induced fast-onset (τonset≈2 ms), long-lived (τrecovery≈120 ms) block of WT-β1 macroscopic currents. Lidocaine blocked single-channel and macroscopic QQQ currents in agreement with our previously described mechanism of dual, open-channel block (DOB mechanism). A DOB kinetic model reproduced lidocaine effects on QQQ currents. The DOB model was extended to include trapping fast-inactivation and activation gates, and a second open state (OS2); the latter arising from DIVS4 translocation that precedes inactivation and exhibits high-affinity, lidocaine binding (apparent Kd=25 μM) that accords with VSB (DOB-S2VSB mechanism). The DOB-S2VSB kinetic model predicted fast-onset block of WT-β1. The findings support the involvement of a second, high-affinity, open state in lidocaine modulation of Na(+) channels.
Impact excitation and electron-hole multiplication in graphene and carbon nanotubes.

In semiconductor photovoltaics, photoconversion efficiency is governed by a simple competition: the incident photon energy is either transferred to the crystal lattice (heat) or transferred to elec...
Formation of Azobenzenes and Azoxybenzenes from the Aqueous Reactions of Anilines and Ozone

Abstract Azobenzenes and azoxybenzenes are two of the products identified from the aqueous reaction of anilines with ozone. Aniline concentration and functional groups on the benzene ring of aniline affected the amount of azobenzenes and azoxybenzenes formed; (1) decreasing the aniline concentration significantly increased azobenzene formation, and (2) electron-withdrawing groups increased the formation of its related azobenzene and azoxybenzene, whereas electron-donating groups had the opposite effect.
MODIS multiannual observations in support of air quality monitoring in Northern Italy

Aerosol satellite remote sensing can be profitably exploited in Air Quality monitoring in order to estimate the particulate matter concentration (PM) at surface level. Actually, the satellite sensor synoptic view enables monitoring of PM concentration spatial distribution fostering the analysis of the compliance with the new European Commission (EC) Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. In this work MODIS level 2 aerosol data are employed in a semi-empirical approach to estimate daily PM2.5 concentration at the ground over Northern Italy from 2004 to 2008. A further analysis, aimed at providing MODIS-based maps of yearly percentage of days exceeding the PM2.5 daily concentration limit prescribed by EC directive is then presented giving very promising results.
The Evaluation of Materials for Tribological Applications

The goal of tribo-material development is to produce materials which can beused to construct tribo-elements for use in mechanical systems and which will perform in a predictable manner. Tribo-element performance is critical in determining mechanical system reliability. In addition, tribo-elements are among the most severely taxed mechanical system elements, and require a high level of geometric accuracy and stability. Because of the wide variety of operating variables and environments, there are no universal test procedures to determine the efficacy of materials for tribological applications. Tribo-material evaluation is complex, important, and not well understood. This paper discusses the primary environmental operating variables for different tribo-elements, the rationale for their importance and will survey how they are normally included in tribo-material evaluation. The paper will also distinguish between tribomaterial evaluation for known well defined applications as compared with the evaluation of potential tribo-materials for which the relevant application is unknown. The objective of the material scientist, in either situation, is to select and use the evaluation program involving minimum time and cost consistent with generating results leading to design decisions with confidence. The role and nature of the many available “bench tests” will be discussed as will be the role and sophistication of thorough tribo-system simulation. As in many areas of materials development, it is appropriate for tribo-material development to paraphrase the well known adage; “the proof of the tribo-material is in the using.”
CAN Bus Communication System of Tunnel Drilling Rig in Coal Mine

The control system based on CAN bus was designed and realized in order to implement data reliable transmission between all nodes in control system of tunnel drilling rig in mine.Both main console node and console node took STM32 MCU in core.They communicated with computer node with CAN card though CAN bus.A CAN network was set up and CAN interface circuit was designed,and then CANopen protocol and software was designed in detail.Intrinsically safe circuit was designed in control system for safe.
Erratum to: A phase II experience evaluating quality of life and survival in linac-based SBRT for prostate cancer

This study aims to evaluate SBRT with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and toxicity using five validated quality of life (QOL) instruments. An approved prospective NCI-designated phase II study (NCT01581749) was conducted. The inclusion criteria are the following: histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 6–7, clinical stage T1b-T2b, PSA ≤20 ng/ml, prostate volume ≤100 cm3, and no prior prostate radiotherapy. SBRT was delivered as 36.25 Gy in five fractions to PTV via VMAT. Patients self-reported on validated QOL measures including the American Urological Association (AUA) Index, Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), Utilization of Sexual Medications/Devices (USMD), and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form (EPIC-26). In addition, PSA response and survival were evaluated. A total of 33 patients were entered into the study. Median time from treatment to last follow up was 30 months. Mean age was 67.5 years. Mean PSA was 6.1 and Gleason scores ranged from 6 to 7. Mean PSA declined by 42 % was observed at 1 month post-treatment and continued to decrease. Three patients (9.7 %) had PSA bounce, with one patient having disease progression (3.0 %). There were no transient side effects or sequelae noted on their QOL questionnaires over the follow-up period of 36 months. Some adverse effects to sexual health were noticed with the majority of these incidences occurring within 1 month after treatment and resolved within 3 months of symptom onset. SBRT with VMAT for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer is well tolerated. Acute toxicities showed no apparent impact on patient general sense of well-being. No adverse effects were observed over the 36 month period.
Use of the Velocity of Higher Order Lamb Modes in the Measurement of Texture

The use of ultrasonic velocity measurements to determine the texture (preferred grain orientation) of metal plates has been the subject of considerable recent interest. The foundation for these procedures lies in the mathematical description of texture, in which the crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF) is expanded as a series of spherical harmonics.
Textual criticism and literary criticism: the case of Propertius

Young Housman: difficult – tangled-up thoughts, or, anyway, tangled-up Latin … if you can believe the manuscripts – which you can't because they all come from the same one, and that was about as far removed from Propertius as we are from Alfred burning the cakes! (Tom Stoppard, The Invention of Love ) Enter ‘Vegetius’ on Amazon Books, and one of the items that appears is Epitoma rei militaris (Oxford Classical Texts) by Vegetius and M. D. Reeve. Treating an editor as a co-author is an amusingly literal version of a simple fact: editors do create the authors they edit, in that the text of author X in editor Y's edition is made up of the sum total of editor Y's textual decisions. In most cases the variation between the authors created by different editors does not fundamentally affect the impression given of the text: Cicero will look Ciceronian whatever edition of his work is used, and while my text of the Metamorphoses differs from W. S. Anderson's in more than 600 places, the two texts are recognizable as versions of the same poem. But there are instances where the overall impression of an author can be shifted by differing editorial decisions. Most such cases turn on the issue of anomaly versus analogy, that is, the extent to which departures from standard usage in the transmitted text of an author reflect genuine idiosyncrasies of style as opposed to scribal deformations. Tacitus (especially the Annals ) is one example, Valerius Flaccus another; but nowhere is the question posed so starkly as in the case of Propertius. Here contrasting views of what kind of poet he was, and corresponding differences in dealing with his text as transmitted, have in recent years produced a divergence so great that J. S. Phillimore's often-cited phrase Quot editores tot Propertii (‘as many Propertiuses as there are editors’), originally a warning of the anarchy that would ensue if editors transposed large numbers of couplets, now seems like a fairly accurate description of the present situation. Disputes about the text of Propertius involve many of the issues discussed in earlier chapters, for example, recension (specifically, disagreement over the shape of the stemma), the proper scope of conjecture, weighing of an author's habits of expression as they can be elicited from a controversial transmission, the place to be given to interpolation.
Are Patients Patient? The Role of Time to Appointment in Patient Flow

The current state of outpatient healthcare delivery is characterized by capacity shortages and long waits for appointments, yet a substantial fraction of valuable doctors’ capacity is wasted due to no-shows. In this paper, we examine the effect of wait to appointment on patient flow, specifically on a patient's decision to schedule an appointment and to subsequently arrive to it. These two decisions may be dependent, as appointments are more likely to be scheduled by patients who are more patient and are thereby more likely to show up. To estimate the effect of wait on these two decisions, we introduce the willingness to wait (WTW), an unobservable variable that affects both bookings and arrivals for appointments. Using data from a large healthcare system, we estimate WTW with a state-of-the-art non-parametric method. The WTW, in turn, allows us to estimate the effect of wait on no-shows. We observe that the effect of increased wait on the likelihood of no-shows is disproportionately greater among patients with low WTW. Thus, although reducing the wait to an appointment will enable a provider to capture more patient bookings, the effects of wait time on capacity utilization can be non-monotone. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that increasing wait times can sometimes be beneficial for reducing no-shows. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rate coefficients for fuel + NO2: Predictive kinetics for HONO and HNO2 formation

Abstract High-accuracy electronic structure calculations and transition state theory are used to predict the rate coefficients for the H-abstraction reactions H2 + NO2 and CH4 + NO2. In each case, three different HNO2 isomers are formed: cis-HONO, trans-HONO, and HNO2. These results are used as benchmarks to test different combinations of density functionals and basis sets. The performance of these DFT methods are evaluated both with and without the use of subsequent CCSD(T)-F12a single-point energy corrections. The compound method CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-f12//B2PLYPD3/cc-pVTZ is used to predict the rate coefficients for C2–C4 alkanes and alkenes + NO2, and the resulting activation energies are generalized into rate rules. These new rules will enable accurate rate coefficients for RH + NO2 reactions for larger hydrocarbons. In all cases, the dominant product for RH + NO2 is R + cis-HONO, followed by R + HNO2. Although trans-HONO is the most stable HNO2 isomer, the rate constants leading to its formation are roughly an order of magnitude smaller.
Sociotonetics using connected speech: A study of Sui tone variation in free-speech style

This is the first variationist sociotonetic study to use free-speech data for exploring tone. Due to the challenges of analyzing tone in free-speech data, prior work on sociotonetics has been limited to relatively formal speech styles: word lists, sentence frames, and phrase lists. But connected speech styles, including free speech and reading passages, are important for segmental sociophonetics and most other linguistic variables. Will free-speech data always be out of reach for sociotonetics? Can tone variation in connected speech data be normalized and meaningfully analyzed for sociolinguistic research questions? Using field data from the Sui language of China, this paper develops a practical approach for analyzing tone variation in connected speech data, and then applies it to a specific research question about dialect contact in exogamous Sui villages. Results show that some types of intra- and inter-speaker tone variation in connected speech can be effectively analyzed, although other types of tone variables are neutralized in this speech style.
Early mammary development : Growth hormone and IGF-1

The first step in pubertal mammary development is the appearance of terminal end buds arising from pleuropotent stem cells present in the immature ductal tree of the prepubertal animal. Work from this laboratory indicates that growth hormone is the pituitary hormone responsible for terminal end bud development. Growth hormone likely acts through the production of IGF-1.3 This minireview focuses on the hormonal control of early mammary development with special emphasis on the roles of growth hormone and IGF-1.
Smart City Seattle and Geographies of Exclusion

In this chapter, I explore Seattle’s claim to be a smart city and its use of digital technological programs and initiatives to work toward economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Seattle claims to be addressing racial and class disparities through programs that are geared toward digital inclusion and bridging the digital divide. But as I argue, within the narrative of the “smart city” and the city’s discourse of digital sustainability, many of the city’s larger neoliberal agendas and practices are concealed. The city’s use of crime mapping, for instance, not only helps to further construct class divides, but at times also reinforces structural and institutional racism. Seattle rhetorically leans on its history of social progressiveness to market its digital technological programs and gain support of its public; however, the anti-neoliberal atmosphere of the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest era, I contend, persists as sort of myth. As I discuss, many of Seattle’s “smart city” programs actually reinforce hegemonic geographies of economic and social exclusion, neighborhood profiling, and the use of surveillance. And Seattle’s role in the smart city economy, as it works toward data collection, aggregation, and urban revitalization, paradoxically intensifies corporate power, privatization, and the use of residents as free user–producer laborers.