cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hologram for IR optical modulation

An infrared optical modulation using associative memory technique is addressed. The proposed holographic associative memory is used to replace the optical modulator (reticle) by using a Fourier hologram. The target radiant flux is collected by optical system. A hologram is inserted in the optical path between the optical lens of the optical system and the detector in the focal plane of the lens. When the IR fluxes illuminate the hologram, the hologram redirects the flux to the desired direction. After the energy transferred by the detector arrays, we can get the codes, corresponding to the position of target, from the output of detector arrays by particular arrangement of the redirected radiant flux. Thus, generating the electric signal corresponding to target position in the IR tracking system by optical signal processing becomes easy and effective. Besides providing directional information, it can also be used for background suppression. By use of the optical signal processing and neuron network theorem, the background radiation of the IR system can be suppressed effectively.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Community Improvement Districts in Georgia: Administrators' Views on their Effectiveness, Performance, and Accountability

Since the early 1990s, Georgia has been a leading participant in public-private partnerships, as exemplified by its many community improvement districts (CIDs). The goals and uses of CIDs vary, but commonly include fundraising, maintaining aesthetically pleasing business environments, controlling traffic flow, and infrastructural improvements. A survey research method was used to examine the effectiveness, performance, and accountability of CIDs in Georgia as perceived by their leaders. Lack of citizen participation was found to be a major problem of CID governance; this has serious public policy implications that can only be remedied by demands for inclusion by residents.
Infrared measurements from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)

Abstract The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite was developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse IR and microwave radiation from the early universe, to the limits set by our astrophysical environment. It was launched 18 November 1989 and carried three instruments, a FIR Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to compare the cosmic microwave background radiation with a precise blackbody, a Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) to map the cosmic radiation precisely, and a Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) to search for the accumulated light of primeval galaxies. The cosmic microwave background radiation spectrum was measured 1000 times more precisely than was possible before the COBE launch. The microwave background was found to have an intrinsic anisotropy for the first time, at a level of a part in 10 5 with a smoothing of 10°. A comprehensive set of absolutely calibrated IR sky maps has been acquired to search for the cosmic IR background.
Sexual dysfunction in college sexuality course attenders and course treatment benefits: a preliminary report.

(1978). Sexual Dysfunction in College Sexuality Course Attenders and Course Treatment Benefits: A Preliminary Report. Journal of American College Health Association: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 107-108.
Nucleoprotein architectures regulating the directionality of viral integration and excision.

The virally encoded site-specific recombinase Int collaborates with its accessory DNA bending proteins IHF, Xis, and Fis to assemble two distinct, very large, nucleoprotein complexes that carry out either integrative or excisive recombination along regulated and essentially unidirectional pathways. The core of each complex consists of a tetramer of Integrase protein (Int), which is a heterobivalent DNA binding protein that binds and bridges a core-type DNA site (where strand cleavage and ligation are executed), and a distal arm-type site, that is brought within range by one or more DNA bending proteins. The recent determination of the patterns of these Int bridges has made it possible to think realistically about the global architecture of the recombinogenic complexes. Here, we combined the previously determined Int bridging patterns with in-gel FRET experiments and in silico modeling to characterize and differentiate the two 400-kDa multiprotein Holiday junction recombination intermediates formed during λ integration and excision. The results lead to architectural models that explain how integration and excision are regulated in λ site-specific recombination. Our confidence in the basic features of these architectures is based on the redundancy and self-consistency of the underlying data from two very different experimental approaches to establish bridging interactions, a set of strategic intracomplex distances from FRET experiments, and the model’s ability to explain key aspects of the integrative and excisive recombination pathways, such as topological changes, the mechanism of capturing attB, and the features of asymmetry and flexibility within the complexes.
Neutron induced fission ofPu240,242from 1 eV to 200 MeV

The neutron induced fission cross sections of $^{240,242}\mathrm{Pu}$ have been measured as a function of incident neutron energy from 1 eV to 200 MeV. This is part of an effort to reduce experimental uncertainties of nuclear data in support of next generation nuclear reactors and transmutation technology. These two plutonium isotopes are nonfissile, and the available data are limited below reaction threshold. The present data demonstrate the presence of a 2.67 eV resonance in the $^{242}\mathrm{Pu}$ fission cross section, which is missing in the ENDF/B-VII evaluation, and resolve discrepancies in the keV region. The measured cross sections are also compared with statistical model calculations made with the nuclear reaction code GNASH.
Flexible and Compact AMC Based Antenna for Telemedicine Applications

We present a flexible, compact antenna system intended for telemedicine applications. The design is based on an M-shaped printed monopole antenna operating in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 2.45 GHz band integrated with a miniaturized slotted Jerusalem Cross (JC) Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) ground plane. The AMC ground plane is utilized to isolate the user's body from undesired electromagnetic radiation in addition to minimizing the antenna's impedance mismatch caused by the proximity to human tissues. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is analyzed using a numerical human body model (HUGO) to assess the feasibility of the proposed design. The antenna expresses 18% impedance bandwidth; moreover, the inclusion of the AMC ground plane increases the front to back ratio by 8 dB, provides 3.7 dB increase in gain, in addition to 64% reduction in SAR. Experimental and numerical results show that the radiation characteristics, impedance matching, and SAR values of the proposed design are significantly improved compared to conventional monopole and dipole antennas. Furthermore, it offers a compact and flexible solution which makes it a good candidate for the wearable telemedicine application.
Still not Developing after all these Years? The Intra-Organizational Role of Public Personnel Departments

According to prominent but dated research, public personnel departments do not effectively serve the needs of intraorganizational stakeholders, such as management, supervisors, and employees. Researchers have found that stakeholders, facing high public demands for service but constrained by limited revenues, want help from their personnel departments to improve performance. Personnel departments, however, remain too entrenched in their traditional oversight role to respond to these demands effectively.However, such research is quite dated-it was conducted more than ten years ago, and more recent research in the private sector and methodological considerations suggest that those findings may no longer be, if they ever were, accurate. Meanwhile, revenue constraints and service demands have intensified, and public service employment is undergoing fundamental changes, making the role of the personnel department in meeting stakeholder demands more critical. Relying on a quantitative analysis of 26 North Caroli...
The Effects of Visual Barriers on Exiting Behavior In a Dementia Care Unit

Exiting due to wandering was a problem for caregivers in this dementia care unit. Previous attempts to control exiting by wanderers proved ineffective. We manipulated the view and light through a window using visual barriers: window blind, cloth barrier, and a combination of the two. The closed blind reduced exiting by 44%. The cloth barrier was the most effective solution, reducing exiting by 96%. The combination of the blind and cloth barrier reduced exiting 88%. These findings support those of Namazi, Rosner, and Calkins (1989).
Explaining Religious Effects on Distress Among African Americans

This study applies Smith's (2003a) theory of religious effects to account for the link between religiosity and distress. Using a latent-variable structural equation modeling approach, we analyze survey data from a nationally representative sample of African-American adults and find empirical support for our hypotheses. In terms of anger, depression, and anxiety, religiously committed African Americans exhibit lower levels of distress than their less religious or nonreligious counterparts. Highly religious African Americans report higher levels of sense of control and social support, which consequently reduces distress. We also find that the indirect and salutary effects of religiosity via social support are due to support from family and friends as well as from other religious people.
The Historically Evolving Impact of the Ogallala Aquifer: Agricultural Adaptation to Groundwater and Drought

Agriculture on the American Plains has been constrained historically by water scarcity. Post-WWII technologies enabled farmers over the Ogallala aquifer to extract groundwater for large-scale irrigation. Comparing counties over the Ogallala with nearby similar counties, groundwater access increased agricultural land values and initially reduced the impact of droughts. Over time, land use adjusted toward water intensive crops and drought sensitivity increased. Viewed differently, farmers in nearby water-scarce areas maintained lower-value drought-resistant practices that fully mitigate naturally higher drought sensitivity. The evolving impact of the Ogallala illustrates the importance of water for agricultural production, but also the large scope for agricultural adaptation to groundwater and drought. (JEL N51, N52, Q15, Q25, Q54)
Undernutrition in the Nursing Home: Prevalence, Consequences, Causes and Prevention

Approximately 5% of Americans over age 65, or 1.5 million individuals, currently reside in the nations's 20,000 nursing homes. The authors present material that lead to three conclusions about this population. First, nutritional deficiencies are common underlying causes of adverse clinical outcomes. Second, nutritional deficiencies are frequently not recognized. Third, opportunities for preventing or correcting undernutrition exist, provided that the significant and reversible nature of the nutrient deficiencies are identified.
Carotid stenting in the bovine arch.

We report our experience in stent-supported angioplasty of the left internal carotid artery in patients with anomalous origin of the left common carotid, the so-called bovine arch, in which the right brachiocephalic and left carotid share a common trunk from the aortic arch. The occurrence of the anatomic variant is discussed, and techniques of femoral, brachial, and radial approaches are described.
The Gottfredson–Hirschi Critiques Revisited Reconciling Self-Control Theory, Criminal Careers, and Career Criminals

Revisiting Gottfredson and Hirschi's critiques of criminal career research, the current study views low self-control as being analogous to criminal propensity and examines its predictive validity of career criminality among 723 incarcerated delinquent youths. Four key findings emerged. Compared to noncareer offenders, career criminals had significantly lower levels of self-control. Second, youths scoring one standard deviation above the mean on the Self-Control Scale had an odds ratio of 5.36 of becoming a career criminal. Third, self-control predicted career criminal membership with receiver operator characteristic-area under the curve sensitivity accuracies between 74% and 87%, suggesting that self-control is a potentially useful screening device for chronic criminality. Fourth, low self-control was overwhelmingly the strongest predictor of career criminality and far exceeded the impact of age, race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, mental illness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, and trauma experience. Further integration between self-control and criminal career research is urged.
The REA Ontology to Supplement Teaching Data Flow Diagrams

Systems Analysis and Design is a core component of most information systems curricula, and generally includes coverage of process modeling with d ata f low diagrams. I n o rder to relate process modeling to something with w hich all students are familiar, the content of a traditional Systems Analysis and Design course can be supplemented with an ontological framework. This manuscript proposes that an ontology from accounting literature (REA) be used to supplement traditional modeling approaches. The REA Ontology incorporates elementary accounting concepts familiar to many business students, and as a consequence makes contextual learning possible. This manuscript points out several synergies between the REA Ontology and data flow diagrams, and notes that the contextual learning factor enhances student learning. As a result, students are able to develop an efficient and enriched mental concept of data flow modeling and the business processes the models seek to capture.
Errata: Computing all solutions to polynomial systems using homotopy continuation

In a previous paper we described a new method for defining homotopies for finding all solutions to polynomial systems. A major feature of this new approach is that the start system for the homotopy need not be a ''random'' or ''generic'' system. Also, homotopy paths are strictly increasing in the homotopy parameter. In this paper we establish some principles of implementation and report on the performance of programs that use the new homotopies. A feature of our implementation is that we eliminate divergent paths entirely. We include performance statistics for homotopies derived from more traditional approaches for comparison. Generally, the new approach is faster and more reliable.
HYPERAMMONÆMIA, PLASMA AMINOACID IMBALANCE, AND BLOOD-BRAIN AMINOACID TRANSPORT: A UNIFIED THEORY OF PORTAL-SYSTEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

It is proposed that hyperammonaemia in liver cirrhosis or after portacaval shunt contributes to plasma neutral aminoacid imbalance and to increased activity of the blood-brain neutral amino-acid transport system. Plasma neutral aminoacid concentrations are deranged, partly, but not completely, because ammonia stimulates glucagon secretion; a high rate of gluconeogenesis and hyperinsulinaemia follow. Brain uptake of neutral aminoacids rises because ammonia stimulates brain-glutamine synthesis, which results in rapid exchange of brain glutamine for plasma neutral aminoacids. Hyperammonaemia therefore contributes to encephalopathy indirectly, by raising the brain concentration of neutral aminoacids which after neurotransmitter metabolism, rather than directly, by toxic effects on neuronal metabolism.
Is Who Delivers the Treatment More Important than the Treatment Itself? The Role of The Therapist in Common Factors

In this article, we discuss the role of the therapist in change in couple and family therapy. We argue that the therapist is a key change ingredient in most successful therapy. We situate our discussion in the common factors debate and show how both broad and narrow common factor views involve the therapist as a central force. We review the research findings on the role of the therapist, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this literature, and provide directions for future research. We then use this review as a foundation for our recommendations for theory integration, training, and practice.
On third-order systems and Aizerman's conjecture

The Aizerman conjecture is satisfied for a nonlinear feedback system with a third-order linear plant if a simple condition is satisfied. The plant need not be stable or minimum phase.
Burial and degradation of organic carbon in Louisiana shelf/slope sediments

Abstract The primary focus of this paper is to better understand carbon burial on the Louisiana continental margin using spatial scales that covered various shelf depositional areas far-field and near-field (sediment and organic carbon inputs relative to river mouth proximity) and covering a variety of sedimentation rates. Box-cores samples were collected in July 2003; cores were collected along two depositional transects extending westward and southward from the Southwest Pass (SW Pass). A key difference between the two transects sampled in this study was the greater occurrence of mobile muds derived from spillover from shallower regions along the westward 50 m isobaths. The dominant mechanism for mixing in the surface active zone (SAZ) on the inner Louisiana shelf was due to physical, not biological, forces. Burial efficiencies for organic carbon (57.2–91.5%) and total nitrogen (44.2–86.9%) ranged widely across all shelf stations. Lower burial efficiencies for bulk organic carbon, total nitrogen, and pigment biomarkers were associated with mobile muds west of Southwest Pass. Chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly higher than pheopigments at depth at the Mississippi River and Southwest Pass stations, making up 40.4 and 77.4% of total pigment concentrations in the (SAZ) and 46.2 and 63.2% in the accumulation zone (AZ), respectively. These results are in agreement with earlier plant pigment studies which showed that a large fraction of the phytodetritus delivered to the inner shelf was derived from coastal and river diatoms. The amount of lignin preserved with depth decreased with increasing residence time in the SAZ and diagenetic zone (DZ) along the canyon transect but not along the western transect. Trends for lignin concentration followed previously identified surface sediment trends indicating overall lower burial of refractory terrestrial material at depth with greater distance offshore.
How the Rgt1 Transcription Factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Regulated by Glucose

Rgt1 is a transcription factor that regulates expression of HXT genes encoding glucose transporters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rgt1 represses HXT gene expression in the absence of glucose; high levels of glucose cause Rgt1 to activate expression of HXT1. We identified four functional domains of Rgt1. A domain required for transcriptional repression (amino acids 210-250) is required for interaction of Rgt1 with the Ssn6 corepressor. Another region of Rgt1 (320-380) is required for normal transcriptional activation, and sequences flanking this region (310-320 and 400-410) regulate this function. A central region (520-830) and a short sequence adjacent to the zinc cluster DNA-binding domain (80-90) inhibit transcriptional repression when glucose is present. We found that this middle region of Rgt1 physically interacts with the N-terminal portion of the protein that includes the DNA-binding domain. This interaction is inhibited by the Rgt1 regulator Mth1, which binds to Rgt1. Our results suggest that Mth1 promotes transcriptional repression by Rgt1 by binding to it and preventing the intramolecular interaction, probably by preventing phosphorylation of Rgt1, thereby enabling Rgt1 to bind to DNA. Glucose induces HXT1 gene expression by causing Mth1 degradation, allowing Rgt1 phosphorylation, and leading to the intramolecular interaction that inhibits DNA binding of Rgt1.
Area-Performance Trade-offs in Tiled Dataflow Architectures

Tiled architectures, such as RAW, SmartMemories, TRIPS, and WaveScalar, promise to address several issues facing conventional processors, including complexity, wire-delay, and performance. The basic premise of these architectures is that larger, higher-performance implementations can be constructed by replicating the basic tile across the chip. This paper explores the area-performance trade-offs when designing one such tiled architecture, WaveScalar. We use a synthesizable RTL model and cycle-level simulator to perform an area/performance pareto analysis of over 200 WaveScalar processor designs ranging in size from 19mm2 to 378mm2 and having a 22 FO4 cycle time. We demonstrate that, for multi-threaded workloads, WaveScalar performance scales almost ideally from 19 to 101mm2 when optimized for area efficiency and from 44 to 202mm2when optimized for peak performance. Our analysis reveals that WaveScalar's hierarchical interconnect plays an important role in overall scalability, and that WaveScalar achieves the same (or higher) performance in substantially less area than either an aggressive out-of-order superscalar or Sun's Niagara CMP processor.
The immune response in autism: a new frontier for autism research

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are part of a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders known as pervasive developmental disor- ders, which occur in childhood. They are charac- terized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. At the present time, the etiology of ASD is largely unknown, but genetic, environmental, immunolog- ical, and neurological factors are thought to play a role in the development of ASD. Recently, increas- ing research has focused on the connections be- tween the immune system and the nervous system, including its possible role in the development of ASD. These neuroimmune interactions begin early during embryogenesis and persist throughout an individual's lifetime, with successful neurodevelop- ment contingent upon a normal balanced immune response. Immune aberrations consistent with a dysregulated immune response, which so far, have been reported in autistic children, include abnor- mal or skewed T helper cell type 1 (TH1)/TH2 cytokine profiles, decreased lymphocyte numbers, decreased T cell mitogen response, and the imbal- ance of serum immunoglobulin levels. In addition, autism has been linked with autoimmunity and an association with immune-based genes including hu- man leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and comple- ment C4 alleles described. There is potential that such aberrant immune activity during vulnerable and critical periods of neurodevelopment could participate in the generation of neurological dys- function characteristic of ASD. This review will examine the status of the research linking the im- mune response with ASD. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 1-15; 2006.
The Influence of the Equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Global Circulation at 50 mb

Abstract Monthly mean Northern Hemisphere 50 mb geopotential heights for a 16-year period (1962-77) are composited with respect to the phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The observed zonal mean geopotential height at high latitudes is significantly lower during the westerly phase of the equatorial QBO than during the easterly phase in all months composited. For this 16-year sample we find that in early winter (November-December) the amplitude of planetary wavenumber 1 is nearly 40% stronger during the easterly phase of the equatorial QBO. In late winter (January-March) the amplitude of planetary wavenumber 2, on the other hand, is nearly 60% stronger during the westerly phase of the equatorial QBO. Data from an additional 6-year sample show a similar wavenumber 1 signal during the November-December period. However, an additional 4-year sample does not support our conclusions concerning wavenumber 2 during the January-March period. Composites based on zonal wind data from a longitudi...
Low ERCP Volume Is Associated with More Industry Representative Interactions but Similar Training of Nurses.

Data on ERCP nurses and associate (ERCP-NA) training and comfort are lacking. Healthcare industry representative (HCIR) influence may be greater in low-volume units (LVUs) due to decreased procedure and device familiarity. The aim of this study was to compare ERCP-NA training, safety, and HCIR relationships between LVU and high-volume unit (HVU) ERCP facilities. We conducted an electronic survey of all Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (SGNA) members assessing: (1) demographics and procedure volume, (2) ERCP training and radiation safety, and (3) HCIR interactions. Responses were stratified by ERCP volume. Among 832 SGNA member respondents (median age 55), 615 (74 %) worked as an ERCP-NA; 41 % derived from LVUs. The majority of ERCP-NAs, irrespective of unit volume, had observed 80 %) adhered to basic radiation safety, irrespective of unit volume. LVUs were more likely than HVU ERCP-NAs to agree that HCIRs were requested for intra-procedure assistance (24 vs. 19 %, p = 0.008), asked for input on the next choice of device (22 vs. 15 %, p = 0.01), and assist in device usage (27 vs. 22 %, p = 0.04). Irrespective of volume, 30 % agreed that they were more likely to utilize a company’s devices if that HCIR was present. ERCP-NA training before independent participation in ERCP is suboptimal. HCIRs are frequently requested for assistance during ERCPs, especially in LVUs. HCIR impact on ERCP outcomes and device utilization and whether enhanced ERCP-NA training will impact the role of HCIR, require further study.
Sodium Channel Blocking Actions of the κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist U50,488 Contribute to Its Visceral Antinociceptive Effects

The goal of the present study was to determine whether the kappa-opioid receptor agonist (ORA) U50,488 attenuates behavioral and primary afferent nerve responses to noxious colorectal distension (CRD) by sodium channel blockade. We tested the analgesic kappa-ORA (+/-)-trans U50,488, its enantiomers (-)-trans (1S,2S)-U50,488 and non kappa-ORA (+)-trans (1R,2R)-U50,488, and/or its diastereomer (-)-cis (1S,2R)-U50,488 for their ability to attenuate visceromotor and pelvic nerve afferent fiber responses to noxious CRD in vivo and voltage-activated sodium current in colon sensory neurons in vitro. In unanesthetized rats, subcutaneous administration of U50,488, (1S,2S)-U50,488, and (1R,2R)-U50,488 attenuated the behavioral visceromotor response to noxious CRD; the rank order of potency was: (1S,2S)-U50,488 > U50,488 angle quotation mark, right (1R,2R)-U50,488. U50,488 and its stereoisomers also inhibited responses of decentralized pelvic nerve afferent fibers to noxious CRD in a dose-dependent manner. Cumulative doses of 16 mg/kg of (1S,2S)-U50,488, (1S,2R)-U50,488, and (1R,2R)-U50,488 reduced responses to a mean 29, 30, and 47% of control, respectively. The mean inhibitory doses of these drugs were not different (range: 6.6-10.8 mg/kg). Sodium channel blockers mexiletine and carbamazepine mimicked the effect of U50,488. In contrast, the kappa-ORAs dynorphin (1-13) and ICI 204,488 were ineffective in attenuating pelvic nerve activity. Perfusion of (1S,2S)-U50,488, (1S,2R)-U50,488, or (1R,2R)-U50,488 on colon sensory neurons in vitro decreased voltage-activated sodium currents. This inhibition by U50,488 and its stereoisomers was not opioid receptor-mediated because it could not be reversed by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and was also not a G protein-mediated effect. The results reported here suggest that the visceral antinociceptive effects of U50,488 and its stereoisomers are contributed to by their peripheral sodium channel blocking actions.
The Disabled Lawyers Have Arrived; Have They Been Welcomed with Open Arms into the Profession? An Empirical Study of the Disabled Lawyer

This Article proceeds in seven parts. Part I briefly outlines the ADA's position on reasonable accommodations. Part II addresses how law firms are reacting and responding to the fact that they employ lawyers with mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder, attorneys with learning disabilities, and individuals with alcohol or drug addiction. What disabilities are most often represented? Are lawyers with disabilities apt to receive work modifications to accommodate their disability? Are attorneys with mental illness provided with less stressful case assignments? Are lawyers with substance use disorders and alcohol or drug addiction assigned co-counsel to monitor or offer support to the disabled individual?Part III of this Article outlines the annual ABA report on lawyers with disabilities, which includes recommendations as to how employers should accommodate disabled persons from the hiring process through employment. A fundamental concern underlying the provision of reasonable accommodations within the law firm is the potentially negative impact on client representation. Part IV of this Article analyzes the balancing act of providing reasonable accommodations to the disabled lawyer and the importance of providing competent representation to the client. Part V examines attorney disciplinary proceedings pursuant to the Model Rules of Professional Conduct in order to shed light on the issues related to the disabled lawyer. Part VI discusses and analyzes court decisions in the area of reasonable accommodations in the workplace to note the impact of the ADA and the direction in which courts are heading as they tackle this challenging and significant area of law.Empirical data contained in this Article serves as a backdrop for purposes of elaboration and comparison of these and other questions. Attorneys from fifty law firms in nine states were surveyed to obtain data and their opinions on questions relating to employment accommodations by law firms. Because of the significant number of disabled lawyers entering the workforce and seeking modifications and accommodations, such an inquiry is well warranted. Law firms are beginning to grapple with the disabled lawyer's claim for fair and equitable treatment, while still serving their clients to the best of their ability. Part VII presents and analyzes this empirical data. In conclusion, this Article offers recommendations regarding fair and equitable reasonable accommodations for disabled lawyers in the workplace.
Judicial independence and retention votes

This is a Nebraska Lawyer magazine article reprinting the prior Court Review magazine article available on this author's ssrn page. The article concerns thoughts about improving judicial independence by taking steps to improve judicial retention voting, voter education, etc.
Effect of Creep-Related Overdrying in Sizing on Warp Characteristics and Weaving Performance

Effects of creep-related overdrying during sizing on warp characteristics and weaving performance have been studied for a particular warp. During sizing, parameters such as moisture regain, warp st...
Why Arrest Them All and Let the Courts Sort it Out is Not the Answer

Mandatory arrest statutes are common in most states for domestic violence incidents. Mutual combat is a situation in which two parties fight with each other. An officer may find probable cause to arrest one or the other of the parties, both of the parties, or neither of the parties. When arresting officers apply mutual combat and mandatory arrest statutes to domestic violence incidents, the result is an increased likelihood that a victim will be arrested for finally adopting a self-defense posture. This article advocates that Arizona should pass proposed legislation that will provide officers with the necessary tools to decrease dual arrests in mutual combat situations. Specifically these tools include a definition of coercive control behaviors that can factor into the analysis of a predominant aggressor. Once an officer identifies a predominant aggressor, he or she has the option to arrest only that party during a mutual combat situation.
El Sistema: orchestrating Venezuela's youth

Geoffrey Baker's book, El Sistema: Orchestrating Venezuela's Youth, has raised controversy as few other books regarding music education. Politics, money and culture in music, and music education, a...
Electrocardiographic Changes Following Coronary Sinus Occlusion in the Dog's Heart.∗:

The only report available on electrocardiographic changes following experimental coronary sinus obturation is that published by Otto.1 All of the dogs studied, however, had had section of extra-cardiac nerves.During the course of experimental attempts to increase the blood supply to the heart2, 3 we have studied the electrocardiographic findings in 66 dogs before, during, and at various intervals of time up to 4 weeks after partial or complete occlusion of the coronary sinus. This occlusion was produced by ligation or by the injection of escharotics into or around the mouth of the coronary sinus. Twenty-five dogs showed a completely obturated coronary sinus at autopsy, 11 of these having been produced by ligature alone. In 26 dogs the obturation was partial. In 15, the same procedures were employed but no obturation was produced. The electrocardiographic findings in these dogs therefore serve as controls.Following obturation of the coronary sinus, the entire heart dilated, the veins became engorged and th...
Substate Federalism and Fracking Policies: Does State Regulatory Authority Trump Local Land Use Autonomy?

State officials responsible for the regulation of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations used in the production of oil and gas resources will inevitably confront a key policy issue; that is, to what extent can statewide regulations be developed without reducing land use autonomy typically exercised by local officials? Most state regulators have historically recognized the economic importance of industry jobs and favor the adoption of uniform regulatory requirements even if these rules preempt local policymaking authority. Conversely, many local officials seek to preserve land use autonomy to provide a greater measure of protection for public health and environmental quality goals. This paper examines how public officials in three states-Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Texas-address the question of state control versus local autonomy through their efforts to shape fracking policy decisions. While local officials within Texas have succeeded in developing fracking ordinances with relatively little interference from state regulators, Colorado and Pennsylvania have adopted a tougher policy stance favoring the retention of preemptive oil and gas statutes. Key factors that account for between state differences in fracking policy decisions include the strength of home rule provisions, gubernatorial involvement, and the degree of local experience with industrial economic activities.
The bacteriologic examination of chronic draining sinuses and ulcers.

The examination of chronic draining sinuses and ulcers requires the intelligent use of many of the laboratory facilities of the pathologist. Although we are chiefly concerned in this paper with the bactcriologic examination, chronic ulcers and sinuses may result from many agents or conditions other than bacteria. The examination should include procedures that permit the pathologist to identify these agents. Accurate bactcriologic diagnosis, the importance of which has been enhanced by the advent of antibiotics and tests for sensitivity, is the basis for specific treatment. In order that the facilities of the laboratory may be utilized more intelligently, a detailed clinical history, including travel, contacts, and family history, and a thorough physical examination are required. Significant laboratory procedures then may be clone with economy of time as well as money. The initial examination provides the opportunity to obtain the best material for diagnostic investigation, with the least danger of being misled by secondary contaminants. This presentation deals with practices in the average general hospital of 250 beds; thus, it is obvious that certain elaborate diagnostic facilities will not be available in such an institution. If material is properly obtained and handled, however, facilities are available through the assistance of governmental agencies, universities, or other regional medical centers, in order to assist the pathologist in the complete study of an unusual case.
Elaborating data intensive research methods through researcher-practitioner partnerships

Technologies used by teachers and students generate vast amounts of data that can be analyzed to provide insights into improving teaching and learning. However, practitioners are left out of the process. We describe the development of an approach by which researchers and practitioners can work together to use data intensive research methods to launch improvement efforts within schools. This paper describes elements of the first year of a researcher-practitioner partnership, highlighting initial findings, challenges, and strategies for overcoming these challenges.
Smoothed Analysis for the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to establish bounds on the rate of convergence of the conjugate gradient algorithm when the underlying matrix is a random positive definite perturbation of a deterministic positive definite matrix. We estimate all finite moments of a natural halting time when the random perturbation is drawn from the Laguerre unitary ensemble in a critical scaling regime explored in Deift et al. (2016). These estimates are used to analyze the expected iteration count in the framework of smoothed analysis, introduced by Spielman and Teng (2001). The rigorous results are compared with numerical calculations in several cases of interest.
In Vivo Cross-Linking Followed by polyA Enrichment to Identify Yeast mRNA Binding Proteins

mRNA binding proteins regulate gene expression by controlling the processing, localization, decay, and translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). To fully understand these mechanisms of posttranscriptional gene regulation, it is necessary to identify the complete set of mRNA binding proteins. In recent years, several assays have been developed to accomplish this goal in a wide variety of organisms. This work describes a method for the systematic identification of mRNA binding proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This method applies in vivo UV cross-linking, affinity pull-down of polyA(+) mRNAs, and analysis by mass spectrometry to identify proteins that directly bind to mRNAs.
The roofline model: A pedagogical tool for program analysis and optimization

This article consists of a collection of slides from the authors' conference presentation. The Roofline model is a visually intuitive figure for kernel analysis and optimization. The authors believe undergraduates will find it useful in assessing performance and scalability limitations. It is easily extended to other architectural paradigms. It is easily extendable to other metrics: ▪ performance (sort, graphics, crypto…) ▪ bandwidth (L2, PCIe, …). A performance counters could be used to generate a runtime-specific roofline that would greatly aide the optimization.
Architekturmodell und Basissystem

Im ersten Abschnitt dieses Kapitels wird das in dieser Arbeit zugrunde gelegte Architekturmodell eines VTOS vorgestellt. Der zweite Abschnitt modelliert dann das Basissystem, das die Grundlage fur den Kern bildet.
Clinically distinct electroencephalographic phenotypes of early myoclonus after cardiac arrest.

Objective We tested the hypothesis that there are readily classifiable electroencephalographic (EEG) phenotypes of early postanoxic multifocal myoclonus (PAMM) that develop after cardiac arrest. Methods We studied a cohort of consecutive comatose patients treated after cardiac arrest from January 2012 to February 2015. For patients with clinically evident myoclonus before awakening, 2 expert physicians reviewed and classified all EEG recordings. Major categories included: Pattern 1, suppression-burst background with high-amplitude polyspikes in lockstep with myoclonic jerks; and Pattern 2, continuous background with narrow, vertex spike-wave discharges in lockstep with myoclonic jerks. Other patterns were subcortical myoclonus and unclassifiable. We compared population characteristics and outcomes across these EEG subtypes. Results Overall, 401 patients were included, of whom 69 (16%) had early myoclonus. Among these patients, Pattern 1 was the most common, occurring in 48 patients (74%), whereas Pattern 2 occurred in 8 patients (12%). The remaining patients had subcortical myoclonus (n = 2, 3%) or other patterns (n = 7, 11%). No patients with Pattern 1, subcortical myoclonus, or other patterns survived with favorable outcome. By contrast, 4 of 8 patients (50%) with Pattern 2 on EEG survived, and 4 of 4 (100%) survivors had favorable outcomes despite remaining comatose for 1 to 2 weeks postarrest. Interpretation Early PAMM is common after cardiac arrest. We describe 2 distinct patterns with distinct prognostic significances. For patients with Pattern 1 EEGs, it may be appropriate to abandon our current clinical standard of aggressive therapy with conventional antiepileptic therapy in favor of early limitation of care or novel neuroprotective strategies. Ann Neurol 2016;80:175-184.
The nature and origin of magnetic signals

Signaling among neurons constitutes the most basic form of brain activity and activation imaged today and consists of electrochemical events that take place at synapses and in the axons and dendrites of neurons. Although neurotransmitter release and uptake at synapses are caused by electrical activity (i.e., action potentials), these events do not involve electrical activity directly. Dendritic and axonal currents are produced by the movement or flow of electrically charged particles, or ions, either between “electrical synapses” or within the axons or the dendrites of neurons, resulting in a physical, potentially measurable quantity, namely, an electrical current. Were we to view directly the variation of the electrical currents at each and every cell or set of cells in the brain, referred to as current sources, and were we to plot these variations as a function of time as they sum on the scalp surface, we would obtain the familiar picture of activity we obtain with multichannel EEG. We would find that the amount of signaling the brain is producing changes from moment to moment in an apparently random manner but within certain limits. We consider that variation is apparently random because we simply do not know what the purpose of each ripple or surge of activity is or to what end each of the intracranial sources that contribute to the signals is signaling at each point in time.
Loss of Axin2 Causes Ocular Defects During Mouse Eye Development.

Purpose The scaffold protein Axin2 is an antagonist and universal target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Disruption of Axin2 may lead to developmental eye defects; however, this has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Axin2 during ocular and extraocular development in mouse. Methods Animals heterozygous and homozygous for a Axin2lacZ knock-in allele were analyzed at different developmental stages for reporter expression, morphology as well as for the presence of ocular and extraocular markers using histologic and immunohistochemical techniques. Results During early eye development, the Axin2lacZ reporter was expressed in the periocular mesenchyme, RPE, and optic stalk. In the developing retina, Axin2lacZ reporter expression was initiated in ganglion cells at late embryonic stages and robustly expressed in subpopulations of amacrine and horizontal cells postnatally. Activation of the Axin2lacZ reporter overlapped with labeling of POU4F1, PAX6, and Calbindin. Germline deletion of Axin2 led to variable ocular phenotypes ranging from normal to severely defective eyes exhibiting microphthalmia, coloboma, lens defects, and expanded ciliary margin. These defects were correlated with abnormal tissue patterning in individual affected tissues, such as the optic fissure margins in the ventral optic cup and in the expanded ciliary margin. Conclusions Our results reveal a critical role for Axin2 during ocular development, likely by restricting the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Adaptation and Use of a Five-Task Model for Evaluability Assessment

Background: Over four decades have passed since the concept of evaluability was introduced; however, the availability and accessibility of methodology, frameworks, checklists and other guidance on evaluability assessments remains limited (Smith, 2005). Evaluators who wish to conduct an evaluability assessment must adopt one of few existing models or operate without guidance. This case provides an example of one model and how it was utilized to conduct an evaluability assessment of an ongoing program intervention. Purpose: This article provides a real-world example of how an evaluability assessment was conducted using a five-task model from the criminal justice field. Setting: A criminal justice program operating with at-risk adolescent youth and police officers who patrol their neighborhoods. Intervention: NA Research Design: NA Data Collection and Analysis: The original evaluability assessment collected data through interviews with program personnel, observations by the evaluability researchers, and analysis of survey data provided by the program (i.e., program participants’ responses to survey questions about the program). Findings: The evaluability assessment conducted in this case study example identified multiple changes necessary for the program to be evaluable. Technical assistance was provided in order to support the efforts of the program to prepare for evaluation, though, the evaluability assessment identified risks and costs for the program to consider prior to proceeding. The findings were developed through a five-task process, which evaluators may be able to adapt for use with other types of programs undergoing evaluability assessment.
Using paraphrases to improve tweet classification: Comparing WordNet and word embedding approaches

Two of the major problems in social media message classification are the data sparseness issue and the high degree of lexical variation. Paraphrases, or synonyms, are alternative ways of expressing the same meaning using different lexical variations. In this study, we try to use paraphrases to improve tweet topic classification performance. We explored two approaches to generating paraphrases, WordNet, which is a lexical database grouping English words into sets of synonyms, and word embeddings, which are learned from millions of tweets and billions of words. Our experiment shows that using paraphrases can improve the topic classification task, and the word embedding approach outperforms the WordNet method. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploiting paraphrases for tweet classification.
Development of Commercial-Ready Processes for Antibody Drug Conjugates

As antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) move through clinical development, from phase 1 to pivotal studies, supported by clinical efficacy and appropriate safety, the development of late stage and commercial-ready processes and methods becomes a priority. During the development of early stage processes, the focus is on speed, consistency, and quality. For later stage development, additional aspects need to be considered including process robustness, cost effectiveness, process and method transferability, and an integrated control strategy as a foundation for the regulatory filing.