cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Socially Responsible Apparel Labels: Effects on Fashionable Shoppers

Although socially responsible (SR) labels can facilitate consumers' SR purchasing choices, research addressing the effectiveness of SR labels for apparel products is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumer segment that practices SR label reading behavior and plans to purchase SR apparel. An online survey was conducted with a random sample of U.S. consumers (N = 718). The researchers used cluster analysis to segment participants based on the participants' fashion orientation and shopping behavior into three groups: fashionable shoppers, regular shoppers, and uninvolved shoppers. These segments were used to develop a profile with regard to SR label behavior for apparel products. Results showed that consumers who were interested in fashion and shopping were more likely to be SR label users, to be more familiar with SR labels, they practiced increased SR apparel consumption, and they had greater intentions to purchase.
A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model Lennard–Jones System

Scaling of the vapor-to-liquid nucleation rate is examined in a model Lennard-Jones system using Monte Carlo derived rate constant ratios for growth and decay of small clusters. The model assumes a dilute vapor system of non-interacting clusters and the steady-state nucleation rate formalism expressed as a summation over products of rate constant ratios. The nucleation rates so obtained are examined in a scaling plot 1,2 , - log(J/10 26 ) vs. Co (Tc/T -1) 3 /(lnS) 2 , the form of which has been recently used to test the consistency of nucleation rate data 3,4 .
Postural arm control following cervical spinal cord injury

This study used estimates of dynamic endpoint stiffness to quantify postural arm stability following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate how this stability was affected by functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS). Measurements were made in the horizontal plane passing through the glenohumeral joint on three SCI-impaired arms, which ranged in functional level from a weak C5 to a strong C6. Endpoint stiffness, which characterizes the relationship between externally imposed hand displacements and the resultant forces, was estimated during the application of planar, stochastic perturbations to each arm. These estimates were used in conjunction with voluntary endpoint force measurements to quantify stability and strength during voluntary contractions and during voluntary contractions in the presence of triceps FNS. The primary findings were: (1) the differences in the force generating capabilities of these arms were due primarily to differences in shoulder strength; (2) measurements of strength alone could not be used to predict arm stability; and (3) triceps FNS improved postural arm stability for all tested conditions. These results suggest strategies for improved control of FNS systems designed to restore arm function following cervical SCI and underscore the importance of examining the effects of FNS on both strength and stability.
Analysis of sentinel lymph node mapping with immediate pathologic review in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy for breast carcinoma

Background Sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are becoming established components of therapy for selected patients with breast carcinoma. However, neoadjuvant therapy has been considered a relative contraindication to SLNM. In an effort to learn whether patients who have received preoperative chemotherapy can undergo accurate SLNM, we evaluated our experience with this technique.
Yeast- and mycelial-phase antigens of Blastomyces dermatitidis: comparison using disc gel electrophoresis.

The disc gel electrophoretic patterns obtained with skin test-active (mycelial and yeast) antigens of Blastomyces dermatitidis were compared. As would be expected, the blastomycins (mycelial-phase) and the cytoplasmic ultrafiltrates (yeast-phase) were heterogeneous mixtures containing proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and carbohydrates. The skin test-active cytoplasmic ultrafiltrates and the blastomycins contained glycoproteins that had similar Rf values which allows the possibility that one or more of these components is responsible for the skin-test reactivity of these antigens. The electrophoretic migration of the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen differed from those of the cytoplasmic antigens and the two blastomycins. Electrophoresis, Sephadex chromatography, and ultrafiltration studies showed that the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen is comprised of lipid, polysaccharide, and protein and has a molecular weight range of 30,000 to 50,000. The increased number and mobility of both the protein and carbohydrate bands after denaturation and electrophoresis of this antigen in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicate that there are several cross-linkages between the polysaccharide and/or protein moieties, possibly via lipid or disulfide bridges.
Prescription drug screening for subsequent carcinogenicity

Cancer occurrence was determined through 1988 among a cohort of 143,574 Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program members whose prescription records were computer-stored between 1969–1973. Age- and gender-adjusted standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were determined by dividing the number of cancers observed among one category of drug users by the number expected based on the cancer experience of the cohort as a whole. This hypothesis-generating screening programme examined 215 drugs and 56 cancer sites. Although a large number of drug-cancer associations were nominally statistically significant, many of these have been previously reported and the primary focus of this report is on new findings. Among the new findings considered intriguing were associations of indomethacin with stomach cancer (SMR = 1.51, p < 0.05), prednisone with myeloid leukemia (SMR = 2.27, p < 0.05) and lymphosarcoma (SMR = 2.22, p < 0.002), sulfamethoxazole with lymphosarcoma (SMR = 2.90, p < 0.01), thiazides (SMR = 1.80, p < 0.05) and isoniazid (SMR = 8.46, p < 0.05) with gallbladder cancer. Given the long follow-up of this cohort, drug-cancer relationships that are manifested only after latencies approaching two decades would have sufficient time to become apparent. However, since these data are based on pharmaceuticals dispensed over a short time period and because limited data on potential confounders were available, more definite investigations should follow-up these results.
Unsteady state behavior of multicomponent distillation columns: Part I: Simulation

A very general form of the basic column equations is presented which allows a wide choice in the form of the specifications of variables required to define the column operation. Variable plate holdups, variable plate efficiencies, heat losses from the column, and finite time liquid flow dynamics are some of the specifications considered. The values of the implicit column variables during the unsteady state period are found by a method which is independent of the numerical procedure chosen to solve the differential equations. Computer runs with the Kutta-Merson method used to solve the differential equations were made for a column approaching steady state at total reflux. The effect of different variable specifications on this computer column are discussed.
Elastic and Conductive Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings in Relation to Their Microstructure: An Overview

This article focuses on micromechanics-based models that explicitly express the elastic and conductive properties of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings in terms of relevant microstructural parameters. These parameters reflect, in an integral way, the density and the orientation distribution of microcracks; they apply to strongly oblate pores as well. On the other hand, the porosity parameter usually plays a secondary role. Partial contacts between crack faces—a factor of major importance—are reflected via appropriate reduction of crack densities. The effect of various “irregularities” of crack shapes is discussed. Case studies of YSZ coatings demonstrate how the micromechanics-based modeling can be used and directly interfaced with 2-D image data.
Changing Pattern of AIDSA Bone Marrow Study

We compared bone marrow findings in 2 groups of patients with AIDS during 2 different periods: group 1, n = 20; male/female ratio, 19/1; and group 2, n = 120; male/female ratio, 6/1. Bone marrow iron stores were decreased significantly in group 2 ( P < .01), and the incidence of AIDS-related lymphomas was higher, with frequent bone marrow involvement. Two group 1 patients had Kaposi sarcoma, and a 21-month-old girl with transfusion-transmitted AIDS had Burkitt-like lymphoma. In group 2, 44 patients had a history of malignant neoplasms, including Kaposi sarcoma (10 cases), hematologic neoplasms (33 cases), and metastatic leiomyosarcoma (1 case). Of the 120 patients, 15 (12.5%) had bone marrow involvement by malignant neoplasms. The majority of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas were high-grade lymphomas. Patients with AIDS-related malignant neoplasms had higher CD4+ cell counts and viral loads than patients without malignant neoplasms ( P < .01, P < .05, respectively). The finding of decreased iron stores in patients with AIDS might aid clinical management of their anemia. The increased incidence of malignant neoplasms, especially lymphomas, in recent years might be related to prolonged survival but with incomplete reconstitution of immune function after antiretroviral therapy.
The matricellular protein CCN1 mediates neutrophil efferocytosis in cutaneous wound healing

Neutrophil infiltration constitutes the first step in wound healing, although their timely clearance by macrophage engulfment, or efferocytosis, is critical for efficient tissue repair. However, the specific mechanism for neutrophil clearance in wound healing remains undefined. Here we uncover a key role for CCN1 in neutrophil efferocytosis by acting as a bridging molecule that binds phosphatidylserine, the 'eat-me' signal on apoptotic cells and integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 in macrophages to trigger efferocytosis. Both knockin mice expressing a mutant CCN1 that is unable to bind αvβ3/αvβ5 and mice with Ccn1 knockdown are defective in neutrophil efferocytosis, resulting in exuberant neutrophil accumulation and delayed healing. Treatment of wounds with CCN1 accelerates neutrophil clearance in both Ccn1 knockin mice and diabetic Lepr(db/db) mice, which suffer from neutrophil persistence and impaired healing. These findings establish CCN1 as a critical opsonin in skin injury and suggest a therapeutic potential for CCN1 in certain types of non-healing wounds.
Length of Vascularized Fibula Graft Utilized and Union: Is There a Relationship?

Background Vascularized fibula grafting is used in the treatment of large skeletal defects, recalcitrant atrophic nonunions, and infected nonunions. Few studies have examined the factors contributing to nonunion of the graft at one or both graft–recipient junctions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between length of the graft and primary union of the graft–recipient interface at the proximal and/or distal junction. Methods A total of 21 patients who underwent vascularized fibula grafting from 2002 to 2014 for the treatment of skeletal defects were included. Radiographs were assessed for union of the graft at the proximal and distal junctions. The rates of union at the proximal and distal junctions were determined with respect to the limb and graft. The relationship between the length of graft utilized and union was assessed. Results A total of 71.4% of patients, with an average follow-up of 30.2 months, achieved complete union at an average of 8.7 months. With respect to the limb, a union rate of 95.2% was achieved at the distal graft–recipient junction versus 71.4% at the proximal junction ( p = 0.038). With respect to the graft orientation, a union rate of 90.5% was achieved at the distal graft versus 76.2% at the proximal graft ( p = 0.214). The length of the graft did not have a significant correlation to the rate of union. Conclusion The length of the fibula graft does not have an association with the rate of primary union. If primary union is not achieved, likely the nonunion will have occurred at the proximal graft–recipient junction.
Immune-Mediated Activation Of Coagulation In Patients With Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Background Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are specific drug hypersensitivity reactions initiated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Augmentation of T-cell activation by positive co-stimulation and Major Histocompatibility Complex-restricted presentation of the culprit drug triggers T-cell activation following interaction with T-cell receptors. This T-cell activation results in expression of cytokines including TNF-α, interferon-γ, granzyme B and granulysin from NK cells. Besides their role in causing SJS/TEN, these cytokines cause coagulation activation. Materials & Methods Following an Institutional Review Board approved protocol blood samples were obtained from subjects suspected of SJS/TEN and normal healthy volunteers (n=2). Confirmatory biopsies were performed in all SJS/TEN subjects which confirmed SJS/TEN in 4 subjects and were negative in 7 subjects. Cytokine levels were measured using the cerebral II array biochip from Randox Laboratories Limited (Crumlin, UK). Besides cerebral array II, other parameters such as thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes (Dade®, Marburg, Germany), fibrinopeptide A (F1.2, Dade®), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, Diagnostica Stago® and STACHROME antithrombin (Stago®), ZYMUPHEN platelet microparticles activity (Hyphen® Biomed (Neuville-sur-Oise, France), and HEMOCLOT protein C (Stago®) were measured using ELISA kits as per manufacturers’ instructions. Results Compared to the Normal Human Plasma, the IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels were increased significantly in biopsy-confirmed SJS/TEN patients (see [table][1]). Other parameters measured including IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, INF-γ, IL-1α, IL1-β and EGF were not significantly increased. A marked increase in the TAT complexes (6.3±5.9 µg/ml), F1.2 (430.4±202.4 pmol/L), platelet microparticles (13.1±9.3 nM) and protein C levels (90.5±63.4%) with a corresponding decrease in PAI-1 (53.3±18.8ng/ml) and antithrombin levels (80.7±42.4%) compared to normal human plasma were also observed. Biopsy-negative SJS/TEN subjects with less pronounced inflammatory stimulus, demonstrated mild elevation in cytokine levels of IL-4 (1.95±0.59 pg/ml), IL-6 (29.81±25.18 pg/ml), TNF-α (7.20±5.04 pg/ml) and MCP-1 (265.10±159.09 pg/ml)). View this table: Table Inflammatory biomarkers in SJS/TEN patients compared to control plasma Conclusions T-cell activation and release of cytokines especially TNF-α and granzyme B causes immune-mediated activation of coagulation with increase in TAT, MCP-1, F1.2 and platelet microparticles and corresponding decrease of protein C, antithrombin, and PAI-1. These alterations in coagulation may progress to sepsis associated coagulopathy and overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #T1
Implications of ferrous and ferric iron in antigorite

Microprobe analyses of antigorite show that (Al+Cr) and inferred Fe 3+ correlate inversely with Si apfu in a Tschermaks substitution. This observation suggests that the uptake of Fe 3+ is not simply related to f O 2 . For Si = 1.95 apfu estimated Fe 3+ = 0.032 apfu (or 0.95 wt% Fe 2 O 3 ). Such estimates of Fe 3+ require high analytical accuracy and precision, and assume a fixed polysomatic formula (e.g., m = 17) and freedom from interlayer sheet-silicate impurities. In many cases the estimates appear to be high. An alternative measure of Fe 3+ is provided by the partitioning of total Fe and Mg between antigorite and olivine in well-equilibrated natural antigorite-olivine-magnetite parageneses. Extrapolation of Nernst and Roozeboom partition plots to Fe-free olivine permits an estimate of the Fe 3+ content of the average antigorite in this paragenesis, namely 0.42 or 0.64 wt% Fe 2 O 3 . The partition estimates are in good agreement with the results of Mossbauer spectroscopy performed here on 14 antigorites from metaperidotites, together with four from the literature. These spectra reveal a range of 0.16 to 1.94 in wt% Fe 2 O 3 in metaperidotite antigorite, with an average of 0.83. In two olivine-bearing rocks, antigorite has Fe 3+ /∑Fe ratios of 0.13 and 0.15, which corresponds to wt% Fe 2 O 3 = 0.47 and 0.54, respectively. Larger amounts of Fe 2 O 3 occur in some, but not all, vein antigorites. The prograde formation of antigorite in serpentinite from lizardite is accompanied by loss of some cronstedtite component and the precipitation of additional magnetite. The Roozeboom Mg/Fe partition plot is concave down rather than up; in other words the partition coefficient K D is a function of the X Mg of olivine. This behavior has been found in other olivine-mineral pairs. It can be interpreted to reflect strongly non-ideal solution behavior of MgFe-olivine at low temperatures, viz. W G ≈ 8.5 kJ assuming a symmetrical solution. MgFe-brucite appears to be similarly non-ideal.
The Playfair enigma: The development of the schematic representation of statistics

The invention of statistical graphics is generally, if inaccurately, attributed to William Playfair His initial innovation, along with his subsequent invention of most of the major repertoire of statistical graphics, is in many ways an enigma of the history of science: (1) Given their apparent obviousness, why had these graphic forms not been previously used for plotting statistics? {2} Why was the Cartesian coordinate system, during a century ami a half from its invention, not regularly applied to the kinds of data which Playfair plotted? (3) Why were the symbolic schematics used by Playfair apparently understood by contemporaries without need for prior learning of his 'conventions'? (4) Why did serious scholarly attention to Playfair'$ innovations occur earlier on the continent than in England? (5) Why subsequently have there been waves of popularity and of neglect of Playfair's forms? (S) Why were statistical graphics invented by a political pamphleteer and business adventurer rather than a scholar or scientist? (7) Why did statistical graphics develop first for social data applications rather than for natural or physical science purposes? Addressing these questions may shed light on developments in schematic representation of statistics from the beginnings of cultural numeracy to the present day The primary explanations of the enigma are: (1) the similarities and differences between the purely empirical data graph and diagrammatic representations of pure or applied mathematical functions; (2) the association of utility of pure data graphs with a statistical orientation toward phenomena, Playfaiťs innovations were facilitated by bis association with science during a time when science was particularly hospitable to highly pragmatic endeavors. His innovations were also facilitated by bis marginality with regard to the science of bis contemporaries.
Optimal Feed Point Design and Regulation of a Novel Plate Reactor

This work uses an open-loop analysis of a novel plate reactor to determine the optimum number of feed points and their locations to achieve maximum conversion. Once the open-loop design is optimized, a control system is designed to achieve maximum conversion of the reactants by regulating the reactor temperature using discrete proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. It was found that the optimum number of feed points is two, equidistantly spaced from each other, and also that a PID controller design based on the internal model control method gives the best closed-loop performance.
Seasonal changes in hormone-sensitive and lipoprotein lipase mRNA concentrations in marmot white adipose tissue

White adipose tissue (WAT) and plasma samples were obtained from yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) throughout the year. Mean plasma triacylglycerol (TG), free fatty acids (FFAs), and glycerol were determined. There was a clear increase in FFAs and decrease in mean TG and glycerol during the hibernation period when animals were fasting, suggesting increased lipolysis. RNA was isolated from WAT biopsies at four times in the year: spring, summer, fall, and winter. There were significant changes in the relative levels of mRNA for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) during the body mass cycle of the marmot. The relative levels of LPL mRNA are high during the mass gain phase of the year and that of HSL mRNA are high during the fasting period when endogenous lipid is utilized. These results suggest that the genes for LPL and HSL are regulated seasonally to control the adipose mass depot in marmots.
Cardiovascular risk factors and 'preventive management'.

(1987). Cardiovascular Risk Factors and ‘Preventive Management’. Hospital Practice: Vol. 22, No. 10, pp. 147-164.
Role-Attribute-Based Encryption (RABE) Access Control for Healthcare Cloud Systems

In the medical industry, it is critical to ensure the confidentiality of patients’ personal health records when storing and managing them. Before cloud computing surfaced, heath providers used local servers and hard drives to store their records and data. As cloud computing has been becoming more prominent many healthcare providers are using the cloud to store and manage their sensitive data. This journal compares and investigates two different access control models, in particular Role-Based Access Control and Attribute-Based Access Control, to validate the confidentiality of data when storing and managing personal health records on cloud services. The comparative analysis of these access control models is done to identify possible inefficiency and privacy restrictions in these two access control based models. In addition, in this journal we propose a new access control model, which we refer to as Role-Attribute-Based-Encryption Access Control (RABE), by combining some of the best aspects of both RBAC and ABAC in order to improve data privacy on cloud systems used in healthcare.
Challenges in the Diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry Disease: A Deceptively Simple and Yet Complicated Genetic Disease.

Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD), a pleiotropic lysosomal storage disease, is a masquerader wearing multiple cloaks. It commonly mimics hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, expressing itself as left ventricular hypertrophy without outflow tract obstruction [(1–3)][1]. It often manifests with angiokeratoma,
Regionalökonomische Bedeutung kleiner Wallfahrtsorte

Das Pilgern erlebt derzeit ein zunehmendes Interesse, wenngleich sich die Motive teilweise deutlich andern. Die Standorte entlang und am Ziel der Pilgerwege profitieren in der Regel wirtschaftlich. Ob und welche regionalokonomischen Effekte aber auch sehr kleine Wallfahrtsorte haben, ist bislang kaum erforscht. Am Beispiel der Wallfahrtskirche im bayerisch-schwabischen Biberbach wurden daher mittels Befragungen und Berechnungen deren wirtschaftliche Impulse identifiziert. Demnach generieren die lediglich rund 10.000 Besucher pro Jahr fast 30.000 € Bruttoumsatz und etwa einen halben Arbeitsplatz. Offensichtlich konnen also auch kleine Wallfahrtsorte im landlichen Raum zu einer nennenswerten Steigerung der lokalen Wertschopfung beitragen.
On the Duality of Layered Transmission for Fading and Packet Erasure Channels

We consider layered transmission of a successively refinable source over a quasi-static fading channel, where the goal is to minimize the expected end-to-end distortion of the received signal. The existing literature on this problem has been limited to either Gaussian sources or design metrics that are valid only for asymptotically high signal to noise ratios (SNR). In this paper, we explicitly solve the rate allocation problem for an arbitrary source and a finite SNR. We establish a duality relationship between this problem and that of packet transmission over erasure channels. The optimal rate allocation problem is then solved using the dual solution for the erasure channel. Numerical results for a MIMO Rayleigh fading channel and a practical image coder are presented.
Perfect Thermal Emission by Nanoscale Transmission Line Resonators

Thermal radiation with a narrow-band emission spectrum is of great importance in a variety of applications such as infrared sensing, thermophotovoltaics, radiation cooling, and thermal circuits. Although resonant nanophotonic structures such as metamaterials and nanocavities have been demonstrated to achieve the narrow-band thermal emission, maximizing their radiation power toward perfect emission still remains challenging. Here, based on the recently developed quasi-normal mode theory, we prove that thermal emission from a nanoscale transmission line resonator can always be maximized by tuning the waveguiding loss of the resonator or bending the structure. By use of nanoscale transmission line resonators as basic building blocks, we experimentally demonstrate a new type of macroscopic perfect and tunable thermal emitters. Our experimental demonstration in conjunction with the general theoretical framework from the quasi-normal mode theory lays the foundation for designing tunable narrow-band thermal emit...
Prion-like Domains Program Ewing's Sarcoma.

Prion-like domains have emerged as important drivers of neurodegenerative disease. Now, Boulay et al. establish that the translocated prion-like domain of the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 fusion protein enables phase-separation events, which inappropriately recruit chromatin-remodeling factors to elicit the aberrant transcriptional programs underlying Ewing's sarcoma.
Mammographic density changes in surgical weight loss-an indication for personalized screening

Obesity and high radiologic breast density independently increase breast cancer risk. We evaluated the effect of surgical weight loss on mammographic density (MD). Patients undergoing bariatric surgery and screening mammography (MG) were identified, data regarding demographics, comorbidities, calculated and genetic breast cancer risk was collected. Patients had a MG before and after surgery. Fellowship-trained breast radiologists assigned Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System density categories. Patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy (n = 56) or gastric bypass (n = 7), 78% had hypertension, 48% had diabetes. Four had deleterious BRCA mutations, four were calculated high risk. Mean weight loss = 28.7 kg. Mean initial BMI = 44.3 kg/m2 (range:33–77), final BMI = 33.6 kg/m2 (range:20–62;p < 0.01). Density was unchanged in 53, decreased in 1, increased in 9. Of these 9(14%), 5 changed from almost entirely fatty to scattered MD, and 4 changed from scattered MD to heterogeneously dense. Mean weight loss of the 9 with increased MD was greater than the cohort (37.7vs.28.7 kg;p < 0.01). Surgical weight loss increased MD in 14%. Increased MD masks malignancies, patients may benefit from additional screening based on calculated risk assessments that include MD.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer has low post-treatment mortality

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In 2004, less than 0.5% of these cases were managed with SBRT. By 2011, SBRT accounted for 8.7% of cases (1).
Dendritic cells in immunotoxicity testing.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are now recognized to play the key role in the development of adaptive immunity by promoting activation of naive T cells. Herein, we describe the methodologies to investigate how DCs can be modified by an environmental toxicant and subsequently influence immunity. The prototypic toxicant used as an example for altering DC development and functional influences on T cell development is lead (Pb). It has been reported that the environmental exposure to Pb enhances IgE production in children, which leads to an increase in the incidence of asthma. This effect has been suggested to be due to the preferential enhancement of helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cell responses by Pb. The predominant promotion of Th2 cell development is posited to be due to the altered characteristics of the bone marrow (BM)-DCs from Pb-treated mice (Pb-DCs) when compared to those of the BM-DCs that develop from progenitors in the absence of Pb. The Pb-DCs have a different immunophenotype as well as different cytokine expression after activation. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that Pb-DCs have the ability to promote antigen-specific T cells to Th2 cells, favoring type-2-related humoral (HI) and cell mediated (CMI) immunity, which may be extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway dependent.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Classification and Biochemical Aspects

Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders, of the catabolic pathways of protein, fatty acids, carbohydrates, or other complex cellular components. Clinical presentation can vary from early infancy to later in life, often depending in the amount of residual activity of the dysfunctional enzyme. Symptoms are due to either accumulation of toxic metabolites or depletion, with supplemental formula for some disorders. Adjunctive treatment with medication is used in some disorders. Newborn screening allows for early intervention and prevention of morbidity and/or mortality in many patients.
Finite model finding in SMT

SMT solvers have been used successfully as reasoning engines for automated verification. Current techniques for dealing with quantified formulas in SMT are generally incomplete, forcing SMT solvers to report "unknown" when they fail to prove the unsatisfiability of a formula with quantifiers. This inability to return counter-models limits their usefulness in applications that produce quantified verification conditions. We present a novel finite model finding method that reduces these limitations in the case of quantifiers ranging over free sorts. Our method contrasts with previous approaches for finite model finding in first-order logic by not relying on the introduction of domain constants for the free sorts and by being fully integrated into the general architecture used by most SMT solvers. This integration is achieved through the addition of a novel solver for sort cardinality constraints and a module for quantifier instantiation over finite domains. Initial experiments with verification conditions generated from a deductive verification tool developed at Intel Corp. show that our approach compares quite favorably with the state of the art in SMT.
In Situ Immunologic Characterization of Cellular Constituents in Lymph Nodes and Spleens Involved by Hodgkin's Disease

The cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against human thymocyte, peripheral T-cell, and la antigens. Utilizing both an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections and indirect immunofluorescence on cell suspensions, wer found that a majority of lymphocytes were T cells, since they stained with anti-T1 and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells. In addition, most of these cells were reactive with anti-T4 antibody, which defines the helper/inducer T-cell population, whereas only a minority of cells stained with anti-T5 and anti-T8 antibodies, which are reactive with suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, a large proportion of T cells expressed T10 antigen, which is found on activated T cells. A minority of the T cells also expressed la antigen(s), again suggesting that some of the T cells are activated. In contrast, the Reed-sternberg cells did not react with any of these anti- T-cell antibodies or with anti-IgM antiserum, but displayed strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining with anti-la antibody. Taken together, these findings suggest that Reed-Sternberg cells are not of T- cell lineage but may be derived from antigen-presenting reticulum cells in the thymus-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues; these cells are normally associated with T4+ cells.
Expanded interval cycles

Pitch space is commonly represented using the face of a clock, in which the 12 pitch-classes are mapped onto the elements of Z12. Combining this form of representation with modular arithmetic resul...
Parent and Teen Factors Associated with the Amount and Variety of Supervised Practice Driving.

Abstract Despite the fact that a minimum number of practice hours for novice drivers has been widely adopted in the U.S., Australia, NZ and in some European countries, surprisingly little is known about the amount or variety of driving during the learner stage. One factor may be due to the difficulty in obtaining objective measures of the amount and conditions during which practice driving takes place. The purpose of this study was to use objective measures of the amount and variety of practice driving occurring during the learner permit stage, and examine how these differ according to individual and household level characteristics, which were measured at baseline using parent and teen surveys. We found that increased practice was associated with parenting practices, such as parent trust, as well as household income and pre-permit driving experience. Taken collectively, the findings suggest the amount of practice driving may be a function of the motivation or interest of the teen to drive, combined with the quality of the relationship between parents and teens and the household environment within which these characteristics are occurring. Surprisingly, in this study, teens from households with lower incomes gained more practice hours and days. Population level studies examining the association between the family context and how teenagers learn to drive are needed to confirm the findings from this study in a representative sample. The use of both naturalistic and survey methods used in this study demonstrates how they can build on one another.
Awareness of prediabetes status and subsequent health behavior, body weight, and blood glucose levels

Background: Lifestyle intervention decreases diabetes risk in prediabetic subjects, but the impact of passive notification of prediabetes status on glycemia or health behavior is unclear. Methods: The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study followed normoglycemic African American (AA) and European American (EA) offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus for incident prediabetes. During 5.5 years of follow-up (mean, 2.62 years), 101 of 343 subjects developed prediabetes and were notified, without any interventions. Participants were recalled 18 months poststudy. Here, we compared data from participants with incident prediabetes or normoglycemia (control) during POP-ABC who underwent retesting 18-months poststudy. Results: There were 73 subjects (46 female, 27 male; 36 AA, 37 EA) in the prediabetes group and 73 subjects (48 female, 25 male; 35 AA, 38 EA) in the control group. The mean (± SEM) enrollment age was 48.7 ± 0.96 years versus 48.3 ± 1.06 years (P = .37) and body mass index (BMI) was 31.1 ± 0.70 kg/m2 versus 29.2 ± 0.69 kg/m2 (P = .04) for prediabetes versus control groups, respectively. The 18-month changes (prediabetes vs control) were the following: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), −8.01 ± 1.11 vs 2.02 ± 0.64 mg/dL; 2-hour plasma glucose (2hrPG), −8.21 ± 3.34 vs 8.53 ± 3.17 mg/dL; weight, −0.54 ± 0.72 vs 2.77 ± 1.25 kg; and waist circumference −1.07 ± 0.78 vs 1.78 ± 0.85 (P = .03- Conclusion: Communication of prediabetes status is associated with improvements in glucose tolerance, glycemia, and adiposity, probably via self-directed lifestyle modification.
Development and validation of a risk predictive model for student harmful drinking—A longitudinal data linkage study

Abstract Background This study aimed to develop a predictive model to quantify the risk of student harmful drinking associated with emergency department (ED) visits and/or campus-wide incidents reported to campus authorities in a U.S. public university. Methods Six-year (2010/11–2015/16) student enrollment data were linked to subsequent harmful drinking events defined as either alcohol intoxication associated with ED visits or alcohol-related incidents reported to authorities within 1 year following the annual (index) enrollment. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk predictive model based on the first 3-year student cohort (n = 93,289), which was then validated in the following 3-year student cohort (n = 85,876). Results A total of 2609 students in the derivation cohort and 2617 students in the validation cohort had at least 1 harmful drinking event within 1 year following the index enrollment, providing an incidence of 2.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Student demographics (gender, age, ethnicity, parental tax dependency), academic level, Greek life member, transfer students, first-time enrolled students, having been diagnosed with depression or injury, and violence involvement were statistically significant predictors. C-statistics of the model were 0.86 in both cohorts, with excellent calibration and no evidence of over- or under-prediction observed from calibration plots. Conclusions By linking routinely collected student data, a robust risk predictive model was developed and validated to quantify absolute risk of harmful drinking for every student. This model can provide a useful tool for clinicians or health educators to make real time decision to plan target interventions for students at elevated risk.
Determination of the Optimal Location for Bone Graft Harvest in the Distal Radius

Background: The distal radius is commonly used as a bone graft donor site for surgery in the hand and wrist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the volume and relative density of cancellous bone in the distal radius. Methods: Thirty-four consecutive computed tomographic scans of the wrist in 33 patients without distal radius pathology were included. For each subject, 6 spherical regions of interest (ROIs) were identified within the distal radius. In each ROI, volumetric measurements and mean Hounsfield unit (HFU) values were recorded by 2 observers using a 3-dimensional imaging reconstruction software. Results: Compared with proximal bone, distal bone had larger volume (0.82 vs 0.27 cm3) and greater relative density (178 vs 152 HFU) on average. Among the 6 ROIs, the distal-central region had the largest average volume (1.20 cm3) and the distal-ulnar ROI had the greatest average relative density (193 HFU). Conclusion: Based on these results, we recommend performing cancellous autograft harvest relativel...
Mathematical programming and game theory

To learn all up-to-date developments in game theory, this well written is a source. What is game theory? It is structured in terms of mathematical programming to trace and map the optimum seeking d...
Postoperative respiratory complications and disposition in patients with type 1 laryngeal clefts undergoing injection or repair - A single institution experience.

Abstract Objective Identify incidence and factors associated with respiratory complications after type 1 cleft repair. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent cleft repair over a 5-year period performed by a single surgeon. Primary endpoint was respiratory complications (oxygen desaturation Results Fifty-five patients were included. Thirty-four (62%) patients underwent endoscopic carbon dioxide laser-assisted repair and 21 (38%) underwent injection laryngoplasty. Average hospital stay for each group was 1.6 days (SD = 3.1) and 0.6 days (SD = 0.9), respectively. Desaturations occurred in three patients (9%) in the laser-assisted repair group and one patient (4%) in the injection group. All occurred within 3 h after surgery and resolved with supplemental oxygen, oral airway placement, and/or mask ventilation. Two affected patients had comorbid diagnosis of asthma (one had poor medication compliance), and one had a history of developmental delay and hypotonia. In the injection group, desaturations occurred in one patient with a history of tracheal stenosis and double aortic arch. No correlation existed between repair type and desaturation (p = 0.57). No variables were significant predictors of events. Conclusions In this cohort, respiratory events after type 1 laryngeal cleft repair occurred early in the postoperative period, in children with cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities. This suggests postoperative admission may only be necessary for a select group of patients undergoing type 1 cleft repair. However, further research is needed to determine criteria for same-day discharge.
Cdc48 cofactor Shp1 regulates signal-induced SCF Met30 disassembly.

Organisms can adapt to a broad spectrum of sudden and dramatic changes in their environment. These abrupt changes are often perceived as stress and trigger responses that facilitate survival and eventual adaptation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in most cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, components of the UPS also play crucial roles during various stress response programs. The budding yeast SCFMet30 complex is an essential cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase that connects metabolic and heavy metal stress to cell cycle regulation. Cadmium exposure results in the active dissociation of the F-box protein Met30 from the core ligase, leading to SCFMet30 inactivation. Consequently, SCFMet30 substrate ubiquitylation is blocked and triggers a downstream cascade to activate a specific transcriptional stress response program. Signal-induced dissociation is initiated by autoubiquitylation of Met30 and serves as a recruitment signal for the AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97, which actively disassembles the complex. Here we show that the UBX cofactor Shp1/p47 is an additional key element for SCFMet30 disassembly during heavy metal stress. Although the cofactor can directly interact with the ATPase, Cdc48 and Shp1 are recruited independently to SCFMet30 during cadmium stress. An intact UBX domain is crucial for effective SCFMet30 disassembly, and a concentration threshold of Shp1 recruited to SCFMet30 needs to be exceeded to initiate Met30 dissociation. The latter is likely related to Shp1-mediated control of Cdc48 ATPase activity. This study identifies Shp1 as the crucial Cdc48 cofactor for signal-induced selective disassembly of a multisubunit protein complex to modulate activity.
Race and satisfaction with pain management among patients with HIV receiving long-term opioid therapy.

Abstract Introduction Management of chronic pain is an essential aspect of HIV primary care. Previous literature in the general population has elucidated racial disparities in the evaluation and treatment of pain. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in patient satisfaction and barriers to pain management among a cohort of PWH receiving LTOT. Materials and methods Patient-reported survey and EMR data were compared between non-white (n = 135; 81.3 %) and white (n = 31; 18.7 %) patients in a cohort of 166 PWH receiving LTOT in two clinics in Atlanta and Boston. Quantile and linear regression were used to evaluate the association between race and pain management outcomes: 1) satisfaction with pain management (0–10) and 2) patient-related barriers to pain management, including patient perceptions of pain medications, fatalism, and communication about pain. Models were adjusted for sex, age, clinical site, and baseline general health. Results Non-white participants were noted to receive chronic opioids for a shorter mean duration of time than white participants (6.0 versus 11.0 years, p Conclusion While non-white PWH were noted to have received lower doses of chronic opioids and for shorter duration than white PWH, satisfaction with pain management was similar. Patient-related barriers to pain management were similar among non-white and white PWH.
88. Parent and Provider Views of Using Pharmacies for HPV Vaccination in Adolescents

Background West Virginia (WV) has high rates of HPV-related cancers and lagging rates of HPV vaccination. Recent legislation in WV allows pharmacists to administer the HPV vaccine to adolescents if prescribed by a provider. The purpose of this study was to assess parent and provider views about using pharmacies to provide the HPV vaccine to adolescents. Methods Pediatric, Family Practice and OBGYN physicians within a single institution that serves rural counties were surveyed regarding HPV vaccination practice, and awareness of using pharmacies for provision. Teaching sessions with providers then reviewed the legislation and the logistics of prescribing the vaccine through a pharmacy. Six months later the same departments were surveyed regarding HPV vaccination practice, pharmacy provision, and perspectives about this pharmacy service. Parents of adolescents age 11-18 were also surveyed. Adolescent vaccination status, gender, and WV county of residence were collected, along with Likert scale questions about usefulness of pharmacy access for vaccination. Provider responses were compared before and after the teaching intervention after six months. Parental responses were compared by adolescent gender and rural/urban county designation. Proportions were compared using Chi square statistics. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results Seventy one physicians completed the initial survey, and 45 completed the six month assessment. Only 22.5% were aware of the pharmacy legislation initially, and 64.4% were aware at six months (p= Conclusions Pharmacy provision of HPV vaccination is under- utilized. Both parents and physicians had favorable views on using pharmacies for adolescent HPV vaccination series completion.
Silicon-nitride microring resonators for nonlinear optical and biosensing applications

We discuss the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon-nitride microring resonators for nonlinear-photonic and biosensing device applications. The first part presents new theoretical and experimental results that overcome highly normal dispersion of silicon-nitride microresonators by adding a dispersive coupler. The latter parts review our work on highly efficient second-order nonlinear interaction in a hybrid silicon-nitride slot waveguide with nonlinear polymer cladding and silicon-nitride microring application as a biosensor for human stress indicator neuropeptide Y at the nanomolar level.
Examining the Effect of a Randomized Media Intervention on Knowledge and Support of Abortion Restrictions: A Case Study in the South

Abortion restrictions diminish access and perpetuate hostility toward abortion seekers. Support for restrictions is high, but at the same time, understanding of restrictions is low. We evaluated the effectiveness of a video intervention designed to increase knowledge of abortion restrictions in Arkansas and evaluated whether hearing a person’s abortion experience changed their support for restrictions. Using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, we randomly assigned a convenience sample of Arkansas residents (N = 369) to view one of two video conditions, either information on abortion legislation only or information followed by an abortion testimonial, in 2018. We compared knowledge of abortion restrictions (KAR) and support for abortion restrictions (SAR) across time with repeated-measures analyses of variance and McNemar’s tests. Knowledge increased over time for both groups and was higher among testimonial-watching participants. The 20-week abortion ban, counseling on “abortion pill reversal,” and 48-hour waiting period yielded the largest knowledge gains for both groups. Support decreased slightly over time but did not differ by video condition. Combined information and testimonial videos were effective in increasing awareness of Arkansas abortion restrictions, potentially because of repeated information or emotional connections, making the information more memorable. Endorsement of restrictions remained high in the sample. Participants in this sample did not seem to interpret abortion restrictions as burdensome, even after being given information in the video, and ended up simultaneously supporting choice to have an abortion and the policies that restrict access.