cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Bisohemagglutinins in the serum of a patient with a weak red cell B antigen.

The occurrence of variants of the erythrocyte B agglutinogen, although rare, is of considerable practical importance because it may lead to errors in blood grouping. Subgroups of the B antigen have not been established although variants have been described. Moullec and co-workers reported a weakly reacting B antigen in 1955. They named it B. In 1958 Levine and associates described the genetically determined phenotype B, which also reacted as a weak B antigen. One year later Cameron and associates and Giles and co-authors reported the occurrence of a weak B antigen together with anti-B antibody in additional persons. They assumed that the antigen was acquired during old age and chronic disease. In 1961 Morrow and associates described a weak erythrocyte B agglutinogen that coexisted with anti-B antibody. They associated it with the blood group A that had been described by Andersen 1 year previously.
The polarized hydrogen jet target measurements at RHIC

The polarized hydrogen jet polarimeter (HJet) [1] at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) polarized proton complex [2] is employed for the absolute polarization measurement in each of the Blue and Yellow beams. The beam asymmetry is determined by measuring of the asymmetry of low energy (1–5 MeV) recoil proton production in the Coulomb nuclear interference region. With analyzing power of such a process of about 4%, the average beam polarization is measured with statistical accuracy of about δP ∼ 3% during 8-hour store in RHIC. The results of the polarization measurements in the Run13 will be reported. Systematic errors of the measurements will be discussed.
Experimental characterization of PZT fibers using IDE electrodes

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers are mainly used in active fiber composites (AFC) where they are embedded in a polymer matrix. Interdigitated electrodes (IDE) along the direction of the fibers are used to achieve planar actuation, hereby exploiting the d 33 coefficient of PZT. When embedded in the AFC, the PZT fibers are subjected to mechanical loading as well as non-uniform electric field as a result of the IDEs. Therefore, it is important to characterize the electrical and electromechanical behavior of these fibers ex-situ using the IDE electrodes to assess the impact of nonuniform electric field on the properties of the fibers. For that reason, this work aims at quantifying the impact of IDE electrodes on the electrical and electromechanical behavior of PZT fibers, which is necessary for their successful implementation in devices like AFC. The tested fibers were purchased from Advanced Cerametrics and they have an average diameter of 250 micrometers. The IDE electrodes were screen printed on an acrylic substrate. The PZT fibers were subjected to frequency sweeps at low voltages to determine permittivity for parallel and interdigitated electrodes. The piezoelectric e 33 constant is determined from electromechanical testing of PZT fibers in parallel electrodes to compare the electromechanical behavior for PZT in bulk and fiber form. The dielectric constant and e 33 were found to be lower for the IDE and parallel electrodes compared to bulk but comparable to results published in literature.
Pitx2 promotes heart repair by activating the antioxidant response after cardiac injury

Myocardial infarction results in compromised myocardial function and heart failure owing to insufficient cardiomyocyte self-renewal. Unlike many vertebrates, mammalian hearts have only a transient neonatal renewal capacity. Reactivating primitive reparative ability in the mature mammalian heart requires knowledge of the mechanisms that promote early heart repair. By testing an established Hippo-deficient heart regeneration mouse model for factors that promote renewal, here we show that the expression of Pitx2 is induced in injured, Hippo-deficient ventricles. Pitx2-deficient neonatal mouse hearts failed to repair after apex resection, whereas adult mouse cardiomyocytes with Pitx2 gain-of-function efficiently regenerated after myocardial infarction. Genomic analyses indicated that Pitx2 activated genes encoding electron transport chain components and reactive oxygen species scavengers. A subset of Pitx2 target genes was cooperatively regulated with the Hippo pathway effector Yap. Furthermore, Nrf2, a regulator of the antioxidant response, directly regulated the expression and subcellular localization of Pitx2. Pitx2 mutant myocardium had increased levels of reactive oxygen species, while antioxidant supplementation suppressed the Pitx2 loss-of-function phenotype. These findings reveal a genetic pathway activated by tissue damage that is essential for cardiac repair.
Importance of Frozen-Stored Human Semen in the Spread of Gonorrhea*

The sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhea in both infected human semen and urine to routine handling and storage above and below the freezing temperature has been studied. It was found that gonococci in such physiologic media remain viable in storage under atmospheric conditions, in gauze-plugged shell vials or in sealed plastic straws, for 1 to 8 days at +22 degrees C. Furthermore, cryo-survival of gonococci was demonstrated after pretreatment at +22 degrees C; freezing to, and thawing from, -196 degrees C; and frozen storage at -196 degrees C for at least 18 months, with and without the cryo-protectant glycerol. The relationship between laboratory diagnostic testing, disease transmission by males, and therapeutic donor insemination (AID) was discussed. It was strongly urged that only frozen-stored semen should be used in AID, primarily because of the possible use of asymptomatic donors. Cryo-preservation would ensure adequate testing of each sample to be inseminated, preventing the transmission of pandemic gonorrhea via semen.
Intranuclear inclusion bodies in an elderly demented woman: a form of intranuclear inclusion body disease

Intranuclear inclusion body disease (INIBD) is a rare neuropathological entity characterized by eosinophilic intranuclear bodies in neurons and/or glia. While this disease generally occurs in children, in whom it presents as a multiple systems degeneration, a few adult cases are also described. Only 4 previously reported adult cases have had an associated dementia and all of these patients had additional significant neurological abnormalities. We report a 72-year-old woman with primary degenerative dementia in whom intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) were a major neuropathologic finding. The INIB were most easily found in astrocytes of Alzheimer II type, which had proliferated in the cortex and white matter. Occasional neurons were affected. The inclusions consisted of 13 nm diameter filaments associated with amorphous electron-dense material, arranged in a random pattern without lattice formation. They did not stain with antibodies against all 3 neurofilament subunits, glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau-1 protein, vimentin, keratin or actin. We conclude that INIBD is a rare substrate of primary degenerative dementia in elderly patients.
Association of FoxP3 expression with worse outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma: Evidence to support the use of immunotherapy.

e15631Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is associated with a dense stroma comprised of an extracellular matrix, fibroblasts and tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TIL). Regulatory T-cells (Tregs), wh...
Search Space Generation and Pruning System for Autotuners

This work tackles two simultaneous challenges faced by autotuners: the ease ofdescribing a complex, multidimensional search space, and the speed ofevaluating that space, while applying a multitude of pruning constraints. Thisarticle presents a declarative notation for describing a search space and atranslation system for conversion to a standard C code for fast andmultithreaded, as necessary, evaluation. The notation is Python-based and thussimple in syntax and easy to assimilate by the user interested in tuningrather than learning a new programming language. A large number of dimensionsand a large number of pruning constraints may be expressed with littleeffort. The system is discussed in the context of autotuning the canonicalmatrix multiplication kernel for NVIDIA GPUs, where the search space has 15dimensions and involves application of 10 complex pruning constrains. Thespeed of evaluation is compared against generators created using imperativeprogramming style in various scripting and compiled languages.
Predictive updating methods with application to Bayesian classification

We propose algorithms based on random draws from predictive distributions of unknown quantities (missing values, for instance). This procedure can either be iterative, which is a special variation of the Gibbs sampler, or be sequential, which is a variation of sequential imputation. In the latter case one can update the posterior distribution with new observations easily. The methods proposed have intuitive statistical implications and can be generalized to accommodate other Bayesian-like procedures. We display some applications of the method in connection with the Bayesian bootstrap, classification, hierarchical models and selection of variables. In particular, as an application of the method, we present a unified treatment of switching regression models driven by a general binary process, and we develop a Bayesian testing procedure. Some simulations and a real example are used to illustrate the methods proposed.
Genome Engineering to Prospectively Investigate the Pathogenesis of MLL-AF9 Acute Leukemia

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the MLL gene occur in both primary and treatment-related leukemias, and are associated with a poor prognosis. While animal models of MLL-AF9 translocations have improved our understanding of the role of MLL oncogenes in leukemia pathogenesis, in this study a more representative approach based on generation of endogenous activated oncogenes is used to more faithfully model the genomic events on human leukemia. This system allows for prospective investigation of the downstream effects of the initiating event on gene expression, epigenetic regulation, stem cell biology, and genome stability in order to understand the key steps critical for the pathogenesis of MLL -rearranged leukemias. We designed a set of TALENs that cut in intron 11 of the MLL gene (MLL-11 TALENs) to facilitate insertion of sequences encoding for AF9 and the fluorescent marker gene coding NeonGreen (knock-in approach). This resulted in MLL-AF9 expression controlled through the endogenous MLL promoter. Co-expression of MLL-11 TALENs with the AF9 knock-in template resulted in AF9 NeonGreen insertion both in K562 cells and in primary human hematopoietic stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood. This approach showed a knock-in efficiency of ~20% (range 2-40%) in K562 and CD34+ cells based on NeonGreen expression detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Long-term culture of primary human hematopoietic cells showed increased frequency of knock-in cells suggesting a survival advantage. Remarkably, further enrichment of knock-in cells was promoted by colony-forming assays in semi-solid medium. Subsequent transplantation into NSG mice was performed to assess their leukemogenic potential. Strikingly, leukemia was induced within 8-14 weeks post transplantation. All mice presented with a similar disease profile that included peripheral blood blasts and splenomegaly. Histologic examination confirmed extensive replacement of bone marrow cells and splenic infiltration by leukemic blasts expressing MLL-AF9 detected by RT-PCR. The leukemic blasts showed increased levels of common MLL target genes (HoxA9, Meis1) compared to non-MLL leukemias and comparable levels to known MLL-AF9 cell lines (Mono Mac 6, THP-1). The blast cells displayed a pre-lymphoid phenotype with CD10+/CD19++/CD38++/CD34+ and were negative for mature B cell markers CD20 and IgM as measured by flow cytometry. Our studies establish a novel experimental model to generate MLL leukemia deriving from primary human hematopoietic stem cells expressing the fusion oncogene under control of the endogenous promoter. The model will allow for further prospective study of leukemia initiating and stem cell biology for a genetic subtype of poor prognosis leukemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Lightweight data race detection for production runs

To detect data races that harm production systems, program analysis must target production runs. However, sound and precise data race detection adds too much run-time overhead for use in production systems. Even existing approaches that provide soundness or precision incur significant limitations. This work addresses the need for soundness (no missed races) and precision (no false races) by introducing novel, efficient production-time analyses that address each need separately. (1) Precise data race detection is useful for developers, who want to fix bugs but loathe false positives. We introduce a precise analysis called RaceChaser that provides low, bounded run-time overhead. (2) Sound race detection benefits analyses and tools whose correctness relies on knowledge of all potential data races. We present a sound, efficient approach called Caper that combines static and dynamic analysis to catch all data races in observed runs. RaceChaser and Caper are useful not only on their own; we introduce a framework that combines these analyses, using Caper as a sound filter for precise data race detection by RaceChaser. Our evaluation shows that RaceChaser and Caper are efficient and effective, and compare favorably with existing state-of-the-art approaches. These results suggest that RaceChaser and Caper enable practical data race detection that is precise and sound, respectively, ultimately leading to more reliable software systems.
Health Benefits of Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Phenolic Compounds

Purple corn (Zea mays L.), a grain with one of the deepest shades in the plant kingdom, has caught the attention of the food industry as it could serve as a source for alternatives to synthetic colorants. Also being rich in phenolic compounds with potential health-promoting properties, purple corn is becoming a rising star in the novel ingredients market. Although having been widely advertised as a “healthy” food, the available information on purple corn health benefits has not yet been well reviewed and summarized. In this review, we present compositional information focused on the potential functional phenolic compounds correlated to health-promoting effects. Studies evaluating potential health-benefitting properties, including in vitro tests, cell models, animal and human trials, are also discussed. This paper emphasizes research using purple corn, or its extracts, but some other plant sources with similar phenolic composition to purple corn are also mentioned. Dosage and toxicity of purple corn studies are also reviewed. Purple corn phenolic compounds have been shown in numerous studies to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and anti-angiogenesis properties. They were also found to ameliorate lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, based on their strong antioxidant power involving biochemical regulation amelioration. With promising evidence from cell and animal studies, this rich source of health-promoting compounds warrants additional attention to better understand its potential contributions to human health.
Coordination and Measurement: What We Get Wrong About What Reichenbach Got Right

In his Scientific Representation (2008), van Fraassen argues that measuring is a form of representation. In fact, every measurement pinpoints its target in accordance with specific operational rules within an already-constructed theoretical space, in which certain conceptual interconnections can be represented. Reichenbach’s 1920 account of coordination is particularly interesting in this connection. Even though recent reassessments of this account do not do full justice to some important elements lying behind it, they do have the merit of focusing on a different aspect of his early work that traditional interpretations of relativized a priori principles have unfortunately neglected in favour of a more “structural” role for coordination. In Reichenbach’s early work, however, the idea of coordination was employed not only to indicate theory-specific fundamental principles such as the ones suggested in the literature on conventional principles in science, but also to refer to more “basic” assumptions. In Reichenbach, these principles are preconditions both of the individuation of physical magnitudes and of their measurement, and, as such, they are necessary to approach the world in the first instance. This paper aims to reassess Reichenbach’s approach to coordination and to the representation of physical quantities in light of recent literature on measurement and scientific representation.
Differential Release of Transmitters and Neuropeptides Co-Stored in Central and Peripheral Neurons

During recent years, the prototype single-transmitter neuron concept has been replaced by a multi-messenger model from which several substances may be released for subsequent interaction with receptors on target cells. This change has occurred because numerous informational substances (Schmitt 1984) including nucleotides, neuropeptides and neurohormones that can be synthesized and co-stored with the classical transmitter have been identified in virtually all types of neurons.
A GEM readout with radial zigzag strips and linear charge-sharing response

Abstract We study the position sensitivity of radial zigzag strips intended to read out large GEM detectors for tracking at future experiments. Zigzag strips can cover a readout area with fewer strips than regular straight strips while maintaining good spatial resolution. Consequently, they can reduce the number of required electronic channels and related cost for large-area GEM detector systems. A non-linear relation between incident particle position and hit position measured from charge sharing among zigzag strips was observed in a previous study. We significantly reduce this non-linearity by improving the interleaving of adjacent physical zigzag strips. Zigzag readout structures are implemented on PCBs and on a flexible foil and are tested using a 10 cm × 10 cm triple-GEM detector scanned with a strongly collimated X-ray gun on a 2D motorized stage. Angular resolutions of 60–84 μ rad are achieved with a 1.37 mrad angular strip pitch at a radius of 784 mm. On a linear scale this corresponds to resolutions below 100 μ m .
Rogue Waves in Higher Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Models

We discuss physical and statistical properties of rogue wave generation in deep water from the perspective of the focusing Nonlinear Schrodinger equation and some of its higher order generalizations. Numerical investigations and analytical arguments based on the inverse spectral theory of the underlying integrable model, perturbation analysis, and statistical methods provide a coherent picture of rogue waves associated with nonlinear focusing events. Homoclinic orbits of unstable solutions of the underlying integrable model are certainly candidates for extreme waves, however, for more realistic models such as the modified Dysthe equation two novel features emerge: (a) a chaotic sea state appears to be an important mechanism for both generation and increased likelihood of rogue waves; (b) the extreme waves intermittently emerging from the chaotic background can be correlated with the homoclinic orbits characterized by maximal coalescence of their spatial modes.
The Influence of Follicular Fluid on Progesterone Secretion by Porcine Granulosa Cells in Vitro

Follicular fluid, once considered to be an ultrafiltrate of serum, has been found to contain many components which make it a unique biological fluid (1,2,3,4,5,6,7). The contents of follicular fluids have been reported to change with the phases of the estrous or menstrual cycles (8,9,10) and with the size of the follicles (4,11). Recently a number of reports have indicated that components of follicular fluid are capable of influencing the function of granulosa cells (11,12,13,14) oocytes (15) follicular growth initiation (16) whole ovaries (17) the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (18) and Yoshida Ascites cells (19). Many of these observations have been made with fluid from one species and cells of another. Thus, follicular fluid may have numerous important regulatory roles in mammalian reproductive function.
Ceramic matrix composites in fission and fusion energy applications

Abstract: Ceramic matrix composites are key materials for advanced energy systems. Silicon carbide (SiC) continuous fibre-reinforced SiC matrix composites have promise for fission energy and fusion energy due to their high-temperature strength, chemical inertness, irradiation tolerance and the favourable nuclear properties of SiC, and the damage tolerance and predictable strength of the composite structure. SiC-based composites can be used to enhance the accident tolerance of light water reactors. These applications require materials with high reliability in harsh conditions, imposing challenges for materials. This chapter reviews the effect of irradiation on SiC and carbon-fibre composites, gives an overview of the potential applications of these materials in fusion energy systems and nuclear reactors, and concludes with future prospects and opportunities for research.
Xanthohumol and the Medicinal Benefits of Beer

Abstract As interest in craft beer rises, the phenolic content of beer is being more widely understood, leading to beer emerging as a functional beverage. Beer polyphenols derive not only from hops and barley, the primary ingredients of beer, but from various other ingredients added to impart additional flavors. While the phenolic profile of beer is thus extensive and varied, xanthohumol is a beer-specific polyphenol, being found exclusively in hops. Xanthohumol has been extensively studied for its effects on cancer, inflammation, and other diseases. The presence of this and other beer phenols may account for cardiovascular and other medical benefits associated with beer consumption. In summary, the xanthohumol and other phenols may contribute to improved health of beer drinkers.
Criterion Validity and Sensitivity to Change of a Pediatric Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Scale in Adolescents.

Abstract Background: BMI measures are often used to infer body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a more accurate way to estimate percent body fat (%BF), particularly when scree...
Regulation of IL-17A and implications for TGF-β1 comodulation of airway smooth muscle remodeling in severe asthma

Severe asthma develops as a result of heightened, persistent symptoms that generally coincide with pronounced neutrophilic airway inflammation. In individuals with severe asthma, symptoms are poorl...
Non-invasive determination of retinal temperature through stimulated laser speckle imaging (sLSI) (Conference Presentation)

Monitoring of the human retina temperature may be useful in the determination of its metabolic state, in the study of environmental damage, and for providing feedback during laser surgery. Due to its location the retina is inaccessible to contact temperature measurements and to standard thermal imaging. Here, we propose the use of a stimulated laser speckle imaging (sLSI) system to monitor thermal deformations in the retina and thus infer retina ground temperature. Our system utilizes laser speckle imaging in combination with a stimulating laser scanning system altering the speckle pattern. Measurements of time dependent speckle cross-correlation along with instantaneous and cumulative speckle shifts are related to the sample temperature. Temperature measurements of optical phantoms and biological media have been achieved and validated through thermocouple measurements of sample temperature.
Biophysical Basis of Hb-S Polymerization in Red Blood Cell Sickling

ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by the Glu6Val mutation in the β chain (Hb) of the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin protein in sicklemia patients. In the molecular pathogenesis of SCD, the sickle hemoglobin (Hb-S) polymerization is a major driver for structural deformation of red blood cells, i.e. red blood cell (RBC) sickling. Biophysically, it still remains elusive how this SCD-linked E6V mutation leads to Hb-S polymerization in RBC sickling. Therefore, with a comprehensive set of analysis of experimental Hb structures, this letter highlights electrostatic repulsion as a key biophysical mechanism of Hb-S polymerization in RBC sickling, which provides atomic-level insights into the functional impact of the SCD-linked E6V substitution from a biophysical point of view. SIGNIFICANCE During the past 25 years, a total of 104 Hb-related structures have been deposited in PDB. For the first time, this article presents a comprehensive set of electrostatic analysis of the 104 experimental structures, highlighting electrostatic repulsion as a fundamental biophysical mechanism for Hb-S polymerization in RBC sickling. The structural and electrostatic analysis here also provides biophysical insights into the functional impact of the SCD-linked E6V substitution.
Altered renal hemodynamics is associated with glomerular lipid accumulation in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant rats

The present study examined whether development of renal injury in the nondiabetic obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) strain is associated with elevations in glomerular ...
Measuring intercultural/international outgroup favoritism: comparing two measures of cultural cringe

Outgroup favoritism influences cross-group communication. At the intercultural/international level, one’s outgroup favoritism affects one’s communication with members of other cultures. However, ou...
Spatial conservation planning under uncertainty using modern portfolio theory and Nash bargaining solution

Abstract In recent years, researchers from interdisciplinary teams involving ecologists, economists and operations researchers collaborated to provide decision support tools to address the challenges of preserving biodiversity by optimizing the design of reserves. The goal of this paper is to further advance this area of research and provide new solutions to solve complex Spatial Conservation Planning (SCP) problems under uncertainty that consider risk preferences of decision makers. Our approach employs modern portfolio theory to address uncertainties in SCP problems, and involves two conflicting objectives: maximizing return and minimizing risk. We apply concepts from game theory such as the Nash bargaining solution to directly compute a desirable Pareto-optimal solution for the proposed bi-objective optimization formulation in natural resource management problems. We demonstrate with numerical examples that by directly computing a Nash bargaining solution, a Binary Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (BQCQP) can be solved. We show that our approach (implementable with commercial solvers such as CPLEX) can effectively solve the proposed BQCQP for much larger problems than previous approaches published in the ecological literature. Optimal solutions for problems with less than 400 parcels can be computed within a minute. Near optimal solutions (within at most 0.2% gap from an optimal solution) for high-dimensional problems involving up to 800 parcels can be computed within 8 h on a standard computer. We have presented a new approach to solve SCP optimization problems while considering uncertainty and risk tolerance of decision makers. Our new approach expands considerably the applicability of such SCP optimization methods to address real conservation problems.
Demonizing the enemy: the influence of Russian state-sponsored media on American audiences

There is growing anxiety about the influence of international propaganda on public opinion. Under what conditions can countries shift foreign public opinion against an adversary? Does making people...
A Least Regrets Framework for Coastal Climate Change Resiliency Through Economic Development

The purpose of this paper is to provide a cost-centric policy approach to coastal resiliency planning. Current policy dynamics in many countries treat risky coastal areas as revenue centers. This results in coastal resiliency policies that are focused on maintaining the economic value of increasingly risky coastal assets. As a counter proposal, this paper presents a policy framework that acknowledges the evolving risks of coastal living, identifies existing asset value, and then works to transfer that existing value away from risky coastal areas to inland areas that are prioritized as net migration centers and areas for economic development. The main mechanism for value transfer is a transfer development right, or TDR. Using the United States as an example, this paper outlines how this process would work in action and how it differentiates from current coastal policy dynamics. Finally, it identifies a number of implementation issues for further consideration. The goal is to provide an example of how new policy can be developed to counteract the perverse incentives embedded in existing policy paradigms that collectively prohibit meaningful adaptation planning in an era of climate-induced sea level rise.
Haumea’s Shape, Composition, and Internal Structure

We have calculated the figure of equilibrium of a rapidly rotating, differentiated body to determine the shape, structure, and composition of the dwarf planet Haumea. Previous studies of Haumea's light curve have suggested that Haumea is a uniform triaxial ellipsoid consistent with a Jacobi ellipsoid with axes ≈960 × 774 × 513 km and bulk density ≈2600 kg m−3. In contrast, observations of a recent occultation of Haumea indicate that its axes are ≈1161 × 852 × 523 km and its bulk density is ≈1885 kg m−3; these results suggest that Haumea cannot be a fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium and must be supported by interparticle forces. We have written a code to reconcile these contradictory results and to determine whether Haumea is in fact a fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium. The code calculates the equilibrium shape, density, and ice crust thickness of a differentiated Haumea after imposing axis lengths a and b. We find that Haumea is consistent with a differentiated triaxial ellipsoid fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium with axes of best fit a = 1050 km, b = 840 km, and c = 537 km. This solution for Haumea has ρ avg = 2018 kg m−3, ρ core = 2680 kg m−3, and core axes a c = 883 km, b c = 723 km, and c c = 470 km, which equates to an ice mantle composing ~17% of Haumea's volume and ranging from 67 to 167 km in thickness. The thick ice crust we infer allows for Haumea's collisional family to represent only a small fraction of Haumea's pre-collisional ice crust. For a wide range of parameters, the core density we calculate for Haumea suggests that today the core is composed of hydrated silicates and likely underwent serpentinization in the past.
Dynamics of DNA-Bridged Dumbbells in Concentrated, Shear-Banding Polymer Solutions

Although experimental evidence for shear-banding flows in concentrated polymer solutions has accumulated over the last 20 years, the origin of such shear-banding flows is still under heated debate....
Multiscale Laplacian Learning.

Machine learning methods have greatly changed science, engineering, finance, business, and other fields. Despite the tremendous accomplishments of machine learning and deep learning methods, many challenges still remain. In particular, the performance of machine learning methods is often severely affected in case of diverse data, usually associated with smaller data sets or data related to areas of study where the size of the data sets is constrained by the complexity and/or high cost of experiments. Moreover, data with limited labeled samples is a challenge to most learning approaches. In this paper, the aforementioned challenges are addressed by integrating graph-based frameworks, multiscale structure, modified and adapted optimization procedures and semi-supervised techniques. This results in two innovative multiscale Laplacian learning (MLL) approaches for machine learning tasks, such as data classification, and for tackling diverse data, data with limited samples and smaller data sets. The first approach, called multikernel manifold learning (MML), integrates manifold learning with multikernel information and solves a regularization problem consisting of a loss function and a warped kernel regularizer using multiscale graph Laplacians. The second approach, called the multiscale MBO (MMBO) method, introduces multiscale Laplacians to a modification of the famous classical Merriman-Bence-Osher (MBO) scheme, and makes use of fast solvers for finding the approximations to the extremal eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. We demonstrate the performance of our methods experimentally on a variety of data sets, such as biological, text and image data, and compare them favorably to existing approaches.
Recurrent Fetal Hydrops: Importance of Genetic Testing with Exome Sequencing—A Case Report

We report the case of a pregnant lady who had hydrops fetalis in three successive pregnancies and discuss the possible genetic causes and the systematic approach to evaluation of her pregnancy and her future reproductive options. Hydrops fetalis can occur due to a heterogeneous number of causes. Systematic evaluation helps in determining the cause which then determines the prognosis as well as recurrence in future pregnancies. Recurrent hydrops though rare, can occur because of single gene defects causing hematological, neurological, cardiac conditions, etc. Genetic testing and consideration of the role of exome sequencing is important in counseling families regarding their future pregnancy options as well as to offer prenatal diagnosis.
Fundamental Features of Hydrogen Bonds

Summary It is remarkable that many of the ideas formulated over fifty years ago by Linus Pauling about hydrogen bonds remain valid today, after accumulation of reams of quantitative data from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. The correlation between the strength of the H-bond and the electronegativity of the atoms involved has been amply confirmed, with evidence suggesting a greater sensitivity to the nature of the donor than to the acceptor. Pauling's notion that H-bonding is largely an electrostatic phenomenon has also received affirmation; in fact, a purely Coulombic analysis can frequently predict with good accuracy the angular aspects of a given complex. Certain key geometric and spectroscopic characteristics of H-bonds, already considered by Pauling, bear strong relationships to the strength of the interaction, and can be used as indicators of the H-bond strength in the absence of energetic data. Since Pauling's early discussion of the issue of multiple H-bonds, much work has elucidated the quantitative aspects of the cooperativity and calculations have determined its underlying causes. The aforementioned relationships between bond strength and geometric and spectroscopic properties remain valid in chains of H-bonds and these quantities bear a direct relationship with the degree of cooperativity.
Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation of the NPAL 2010-2011 Philippine Sea Experiment

Abstract : This project addresses the coherence and depth dependence of deep-water ambient noise and signals. Seafloor signals are studied in the band from 50-400Hz and seafloor ambient noise is studied in the band from 0.03 - 80Hz. On NPAL04 we observed a new class of arrivals in long-range ocean acoustic propagation that we call Deep Seafloor Arrivals (DSFAs) because they are the dominant arrivals on ocean bottom seismometers. They either were undetected or very weak on the deepest DVLA hydrophone located near the conjugate depth about 750m above the seafloor. It appears that at least part of the path for DSFAs is through or on the seafloor perhaps as an interface wave. One goal is to see if DSFAs will be observed in the Philippine Sea at relatively short ranges of 50km or less and, if so, to study their characteristics and physical mechanism. The objective here is to understand the relationship between seafloor pressure and seafloor particle motion for both ambient noise and short- and long-range signals. What is the relationship between the seismic (ground motion) noise on the seafloor and the acoustic noise in the water column? What governs the trade-offs in contributions from local and distant storms and in contributions from local and distant shipping? How effective is seafloor bathymetry at stripping distant shipping noise from the ambient noise field? Clearly the ability of Navy systems to detect and identify ships and submarines by acoustic techniques will depend on at least the following factors: i) the system noise of sensors used to detect the acoustic field, ii) the true field noise for a given sensor type and location, and iii) accurate knowledge of how sound travels in the ocean including bottom interaction if necessary. The observation of deep seafloor arrivals on NPAL04 showed that there is a significant bottom path for coherent sound propagation that was previously unrecognized and is still poorly understood.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 10: Change in ventricle size as a measurement of effective treatment of hydrocephalus.

Object The objective of this systematic review is to answer the following question: Does ventricle size after treatment have a predictive value in determining the effectiveness of surgical intervention in pediatric hydrocephalus? Methods The US National Library of Medicine PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using MeSH headings and key words relevant to change in ventricle size after surgical intervention for hydrocephalus in children. An evidentiary table was assembled summarizing the studies and the quality of evidence (Classes I–III). Results Six articles satisfied inclusion criteria for the evidentiary tables for this part of the guidelines. All were Class III retrospective studies. Conclusions Recommendation: There is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific change in ventricle size as a measurement of the effective treatment of hydrocephalus and as a measurement of the timing and effectiveness of treatments including ventriculoperitoneal shunts ...
The student perspective on RN-Plus-10 legislation: a survey of associate degree and diploma nursing program students.

Abstract This article reports on a survey of associate degree and diploma nursing students in Pennsylvania designed to elicit their future educational goals and opinions regarding proposed educational advancement legislation. Results indicated the majority of respondents (86.3 percent) planned to pursue the bachelor's degree in nursing; most (94.8 percent) hoped to be enrolled in a BSN program within four years of graduation. The majority (78.9 percent) indicated that even if they were mandated to complete the bachelor's degree in nursing within 10 years, they would still enroll in their current associate degree or diploma program. Asked if 10 years is a reasonable amount of time to complete the BSN, 79.4 percent agreed it is. If money were not an obstacle, 95.8 percent of participants indicated they would pursue a BSN or higher. The results of this survey suggest that the vast majority of associate degree and diploma nursing students value and hope to pursue higher education in nursing.
Cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans

As pathogenic microorganisms establish an infection, they must be able to sense host-specific signals and respond by elaborating determinants that allow for survival in these hostile conditions. Pathogen cell surface proteins detect these signals and activate signal transduction cascades that ultimately alter gene expression resulting in an adaptive cellular response. Here we review the mechanisms by which a pathogenic fungus uses the highly conserved cAMP signal transduction pathway to regulate cellular differentiation as well as its virulence potential.
Metaphors: a creative expression of holistic nursing

Holistic nursing is a personal expression of the practitioner's philosophy that includes participating in the caring process of self and others. Certified holistic nurses (HNCs) are individuals who encompass the knowledge and skills of holism and integrate them into a mutually participatory relationship. Metaphors are a personal expression of an experience or situation. The application of encouraging HNCs to express their practice as a metaphor is a natural progression in qualitative research. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of utilizing metaphors as a qualitative research methodology and to describe the holistic nurse's practice as a metaphor. Qualitative data from interviews with 10 experienced certified holistic nurses (HNCs) provided for the descriptive metaphorical expression of being a holistic nurse. The metaphorical language provided useful insights into the reflective process of being a holistic nurse. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of results of rotational coronary atherectomy in three age groups (<70, 70 to 79 and ≥80 years)

Abstract Conventional balloon angioplasty in the elderly is associated with lower procedural success rates and a higher incidence of complications than demonstrated in younger patients. 1–4 The less favorable procedural outcome after balloon angioplasty in older patients has been attributed to the frequent presence of diffuse coronary lesions and the more complex anatomy noted in the aged population. 4 Rotational atherectomy, which partially ablates fibrocalcific plaque, has been beneficial in lesions in which conventional balloon angioplasty has failed, especially those with marked rigidity and elasticity. 5 As a result, rotational atherectomy may be particularly effective as an alternative to standard balloon angioplasty in selected elderly patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. To evaluate the safety, efficacy and longterm clinical outcome of rotational coronary atherectomy in the elderly, we reviewed our experience with this procedure over a 2-year period.
Vibrations of the Low Power Atmospheric Compensation Experiment satellite

The Low Power Atmospheric Compensation (LACE) satellite dynamics experiment has measured vibrations of an orbiting satellite from a ground site and has observed the excitation of satellite vibrations by a sequence of boom movements. The preprogrammed boom movements were initiated by commands from a ground control site and observed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Firepond laser radar facility located in Westford, Massachusetts. In the tests, a narrow-band heterodyne COi laser radar, operating at a wavelength of 10.6 /Ltm, detected vibration-induced differential Doppler signatures of the LACE satellite. Augmentation of vibration amplitudes was achieved through timing of repeated boom movements. Evidence of open-loop vibration damping by this method of repeated boom movements was also obtained, although the data were not conclusive since only a single attempt at open-loop damping was observed. The tests have demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of using relatively low cost ground-based observation techniques for vibration measurements and health monitoring of orbiting structures and for improving the accuracy of mathematical models for the structural dynamics of light, flexible space structures.
Binding of N-acetylglucosamine tetrasaccharide to lysozyme.

The β(1→4)-linked tetrasaccharide derived from N -acetylglucosamine binds to lysozyme differently than the trimer. The apparent enthalpy of binding of the tetramer is 2.8 kcal/mole less negative than that of the trimer. Because of enthalpy-entropy compensation, the free energy of binding of tetramer and trimer differ only slightly (by 0.3 kcal at 25°C). Consideration of these results in conjunction with other properties of lysozyme suggests that there are two tetramer-lysozyme complexes, one of which has the characteristics of the trimer-lysozyme complex. The pentamer and hexamer of N -acetylglucosamine bind like tetramer.
Triquetrohamate and triquetrolunate instabilities (medial carpal instability)

Anatomic and kinematic information needed for the understanding of radiocarpal instability is reviewed. Based on this, and on the concept of the columnar carpus, medial carpal instabilities are defined as those taking place between the triquetrum (medial column) and the hamate and lunate (central column). Therefore, two types of medial instability are recognized: triquetrohamate, across the mid-carpal joint, with loss of stability of the central column present only during ulnar or radial deviation (dynamic DISI and VISI), and triquetrolunate, producing the loss of the dorsiflexion influence of the triquetrum on the lunate and, consequently, a static type of VISI collapse. Treatment aimed at restoration of mid-carpal (triquetrohamate) and triquetrolunate dissociation is discussed, and illustrative cases presented.
Acrolein induces vasodilatation of rodent mesenteric bed via an EDHF-dependent mechanism.

Acrolein is generated endogenously during lipid peroxidation and inflammation and is an environmental pollutant. Protein adducts of acrolein are detected in atherosclerotic plaques and neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To understand vascular effects of acrolein exposure, we studied acrolein vasoreactivity in perfused rodent mesenteric bed. Acrolein induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation that was more robust and more sensitive than dilation induced by 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-hexenal, or propionaldehyde. Acrolein-induced vasodilatation was mediated by K+-sensitive components, e.g., it was abolished in 0 [K+]o buffer or in 3 mM tetrabutylammonium, inhibited 75% in 50 μM ouabain, and inhibited 64% in 20 mM K+ buffer. Moreover, combined treatment with the Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitors 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34, 100 nM) and apamin (5 μM) significantly reduced vasodilatation without altering sensitivity to acrolein. However, acrolein-induced % dilation was unaffected by l-NAME or indomethacin pretreatment indicating mechanistic independence of NO and prostaglandins. Moreover, acrolein induced vasodilatation in cirazoline-precontracted mesenteric bed of eNOS-null mice confirming eNOS independence. Pretreatment with 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl) hexanoic acid (PPOH 50 μM), an epoxygenase inhibitor, or the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol (100 μM) significantly attenuated acrolein-induced vasodilatation. Collectively, these data indicate that acrolein stimulates mesenteric bed vasodilatation due to endothelium-derived signal(s) that is K+-, ouabain-, PPOH-, and Tempol-sensitive, and thus, a likely endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). These data indicate that low level acrolein exposure associated with vascular oxidative stress or inflammation stimulates vasodilatation via EDHF release in medium-sized arteries — a novel function.
Lunar Fancies and Earthly Truths: The Moon Hoax of 1835 and the Penny Press

This piece is an article based on the second chapter of my dissertation Embellishment, Fabrication, and Scandal: Hoaxing and the American Press. In it, I examine the most successful and sustained hoax in the history of journalism: a series of articles that convinced readers, editors, and even some scholars, that there was a civilization of bat-like hominids living on the moon's surface. In spite of a lack of public outrage, editorial discussions of the hoax raised a number of key definitional ideals about what news, as a commodity, should be. This was, I argue, one of the earliest professional discourses on news and one that prefigured a key problem that would loom large later in the century: attempting to balance, on the one hand, a desire for sensational and provoking stories, and on the other, present verifiable and truthful accounts of happenings in reality.