cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pharmacological evaluation of LY170680, a novel leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist in the guinea-pig

1. This paper describes the evaluation of LY170680 (5-less than 3-[2(R) (carboxyethylthio)-(S)-hydroxypentadeca 3(E)5(Z)-dienyl]phenyl greater than 1H tetrazole, as an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes C4, D4, E4, in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. 2. In vitro, LY170680 was a potent, selective, and competitive antagonist of LTD4, and LTE4. It produced a concentration-dependent rightward displacement of the concentration-response curves elicited by either LTD4 or LTE4 on both the guinea-pig ileal and tracheal preparation. The pA2 values for LY170680 were estimated to be 8.1 +/- 0.2 (n = 8) and 8.1 +/- 0.1 (n = 6) on trachea, and 8.7 +/- 0.1 (n = 12) and 9.0 +/- 0.3 (n = 6) on ileum for both LTD4 and LTE4 respectively. The slopes of the Schild plots in these studies were all close to unity. 3. LY170680 was shown to be a modest antagonist of the LTC4-induced responses on guinea-pig ileum (pA2 7.0 +/- 0.2 n = 5), but had no discernable effects against contractions induced by histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha or acetylcholine. The compound also reduced the LTC4-induced responses on trachea, but in a non competitive manner. 4. Intravenous LY170680 reduced in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 3.8 mg kg-1, 60 min pretreatment) the fall in compliance in the anaesthetized guinea-pig, and the rise in total pulmonary resistance (TPR) (ED50 2.0 mg kg-1, 30 min pretreatment) in the artificially ventilated guinea-pig, produced by intraveous LTD4. 5. LY170680 (5mgkg-1, i.v.) was also effective in reducing the increase in TPR to intravenous antigen in sensitized animals pretreated with mepyramine, indomethacin and propranolol. 6. The compound was only moderately effective (ED5o 40mgkg-1 p.o.) in preventing the rise in TPR induced by intravenous LTD4, when given orally. 7. Inhaled LY170680 was particularly effective in preventing the increase in TPR produced by an exposure to aerosolised LTD4. An estimated 1-2 pg of LY170680 delivered to the airways by nebuliser 1 hour beforehand, produced a 6 fold lateral displacement to the right of the dose-response curve to LTD4. 8. Studies in conscious animals indicated that inhaled LY170680 produced a dose-dependent reduction in the increased volume of gas, trapped in the lung following exposure to aerosolised LTD4. Duration studies also indicated that an estimated inhaled dose of 10 g LY170680 significantly reduced the LTD4-induced' increase in trapped lung gas volume for at least 4 h. Inhaled LY170680 also reduced LTC4-induced increase in gas trapping in a manner similar to LTD4. However, histamine-induced gas trapping was unaffected.
Electromyographic analysis of postural responses during standing leg flexion in adults with hemiparesis

The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activation patterns during standing single leg flexion in adults with hemiparesis. Specifically, the electromyographic activation patterns of the flexing limb biceps femoris and gluteus medius, and the stance limb gluteus medius muscles were analyzed as a function of whether the muscles were paretic or not. Delayed activation of the affected flexing side gluteus medius, as compared with unaffected flexing side gluteus medius, resulted in it being activated simultaneous with the flexing biceps femoris rather than preceding it as was previously found in healthy subjects. This suggests a temporal change in the sequential mode of coordination of the postural and intended components of the task. In addition, the magnitude of the electromyographic integrals of both the affected and unaffected flexing side gluteus medius in the early propulsive phase of the task was significantly reduced in comparison with healthy subjects. These alterations can be attributed to spatial alterations in the sequential form of organization or to a shift to a different mode of neural control in order to perform a relatively novel task. These results suggest a potential adaptive capacity in these individuals.
Nucleotide diphosphate hexose pyrophosphatases

Abstract In the course of examining several nucleotide diphosphate sugar pyrophosphorylases in extracts of E. coli and Salmonella , we noted the presence of several nucleotide diphosphate sugar pyrophosphatases. These enzymes are of interest because they are inactive in freshly prepared sonic extracts. Activity was elicited by heating the extracts at 58° for a few minutes which destroyed an inhibitor. Nucleotide diphosphate sugar pyrophosphatases may serve to prevent accumulation of nucleotide diphosphate sugars (Glaser, 1965) . In this communication we present some observations on the specificity of a few of these enzyme, their interaction with the inhibitor, and the location of the enzyme(s) and inhibitor(s) in the cell.
Implementing the LifeSkills Training drug prevention program: factors related to implementation fidelity

Widespread replication of effective prevention programs is unlikely to affect the incidence of adolescent delinquency, violent crime, and substance use until the quality of implementation of these programs by community-based organizations can be assured. This paper presents the results of a process evaluation employing qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the extent to which 432 schools in 105 sites implemented the LifeSkills Training (LST) drug prevention program with fidelity. Regression analysis was used to examine factors influencing four dimensions of fidelity: adherence, dosage, quality of delivery, and student responsiveness. Although most sites faced common barriers, such as finding room in the school schedule for the program, gaining full support from key participants (i.e., site coordinators, principals, and LST teachers), ensuring teacher participation in training workshops, and classroom management difficulties, most schools involved in the project implemented LST with very high levels of fidelity. Across sites, 86% of program objectives and activities required in the three-year curriculum were delivered to students. Moreover, teachers were observed using all four recommended teaching practices, and 71% of instructors taught all the required LST lessons. Multivariate analyses found that highly rated LST program characteristics and better student behavior were significantly related to a greater proportion of material taught by teachers (adherence). Instructors who rated the LST program characteristics as ideal were more likely to teach all lessons (dosage). Student behavior and use of interactive teaching techniques (quality of delivery) were positively related. No variables were related to student participation (student responsiveness). Although difficult, high implementation fidelity by community-based organizations can be achieved. This study suggests some important factors that organizations should consider to ensure fidelity, such as selecting programs with features that minimize complexity while maximizing flexibility. Time constraints in the classroom should be considered when choosing a program. Student behavior also influences program delivery, so schools should train teachers in the use of classroom management skills. This project involved comprehensive program monitoring and technical assistance that likely facilitated the identification and resolution of problems and contributed to the overall high quality of implementation. Schools should recognize the importance of training and technical assistance to ensure quality program delivery.
REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND RESPONSE TO PUBLIC INFORMATION: NULL FINDINGS FROM A PILOT SURVEY '

A brief repression-sensitization scale was included in a mail survey of response to public information designed to help people save water and mitigate a water shortage. Hypotheses predicting repressers, moderate scorers, and sensitizers differ in recall and use of the information were rejected, even though respondents rated water shortage as an important matter that could affect them.
Aspects of Statistical Computing: What Packages for the 1980's Ought to Do

Abstract A wish list of desirable statistical computing capabilities is presented. This may help one question which of these capabilities can be satisfied by existing packages, which might be met through reasonable extensions to these packages, which might require substantial new development, and which ought to be supplied by the computing environment rather than the packages. These questions are explored, taking into account the nature of the statistical work and the choices presented by technology. Attention is given to the barriers to be overcome if future statistical packages are to take full advantage of new technology.
Equivalence of standard and computerized versions of the Raven Progressive Matrices Test

Abstract The present study examined the equivalence of the computer administered version of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) with the standard paper-and-pencil administered version of the RSPM. In addition, the effects of state and trait anxiety as well as computer anxiety were investigated. Fifty undergraduate volunteers were administered the RSPM twice under one of four conditions: computer–computer, standard–standard, computer–standard, or standard–computer. No significant differences were found between mean scores and standard deviations across administrations or formats. Rank-order correlations revealed similar ranking across formats. Tentative support for the equivalence of the computerized version of the RSPM was found. Analyses revealed no significant differences in anxiety across formats and no significant correlations between anxiety and RSPM performance. Explanations and implications for further research are discussed.
Phosphorylated cardiac myofibrils and their effect on ATPase activity.

Abstract Control guinea pig cardiac myofibrils were isolated in the presence of Triton X-100. Experimental myofibrils, prepared in the presence of Triton X-100, NaF, cyclic AMP and ATP, possessed a reduced myofibrillar ATPase activity. When myofibrils isolated under control conditions were incubated for two hours at 25°C with NaF, ATP and cyclic AMP, the ATPase activity was also decreased; however, the ATPase activity was not reduced as much as that of myofibrils isolated under experimental conditions. Incubation of myofibrils with E. coli aklaline phosphatase and guinea pig heart phosphoprotein phosphatase resulted in an increase in ATPase activity and a decrease in phosphoprotein phosphate. Thus there appeared to be an inverse relationship between myofibrillar ATPase activity and phosphoprotein phosphate content. The results indicated that a protein kinase is associated with the Triton X-100 purified myofibrils and supports the notion that intact myofibrils can exist in at least two catalytic forms.
LCD-based electro-optic implementation of a multilayer perceptron neural network to classify fish species using sonograms as the neural inputs

A LCD implementation of a truly analog multilayer perceptron that operates without external control is discussed. The inherent sigmoidal transmissivity transfer function of the LCD is utilized as the neural activation function. The use of photoconductors to directly control the transmissivity of the LCD cells are described, and an accommodation to intensity based negative weights are also noted. A computer simulation program using a curve fitted LCD transfer function (activation function) yielded excellent results in classifying sounds from several endangered and non-endangered species of fish from sonograms of underwater hydrophone recordings. The progress of the hardware implementation is reported.
Long QT syndrome associated with syndactyly identified in females

The identification of female children with this syndrome is evidence that this disorder is not X-linked in inheritance. Possible inheritance modes still include autosomal recessive or, more likely, a de novo mutation, given the absence of family history in any of the patients. Children of both sexes with syndactyly should be screened with an electrocardiogram for this syndrome. Female children with this syndrome may have an increased risk of sudden death similar to male children.
Computer simulation of entry into glycolysis and lactate output in the ischemic rat heart.

A computer model of glucose uptake, glycogenolysis, and export of pyruvate and lactate in the ischemic, isolated rat heart was constructed. This model predicts that, after an initial burst of glycogenolysis which consumes the outer glycogen branches, glycolysis is limited by glucose uptake. Reduced glucose uptake in this model then results from decreased rate of substrate delivery despite increased affinity of the cell membrane carrier for glucose. Lactate accumulation in this model is due partially to its incomplete washout from the interstitium at low coronary flow rates and partially to a dramatic reduction in the activity of a cell membrane lactate permease.
Fluctuations and dissipation in an elementary one-bit information Storage System

A bistable system, capabie of storing one bit of information, and exemplified by a particle in a dual-trough potential well, is modeled to determine the effects of a coupling between its information-bearing and the thermal degrees of freedom. Energy dissipation accompanying the change of the stored information is calculated in terms of parameters describing the potential well. The fluctuations cause spontaneous changes in the stored information, and the mean time for this error is also calculated in terms of the well parameters. The results can be used for determining the influence of the well parameters on the performance of the information storage system.
Future of unmanned systems interoperability

There are many challenges in the area of interoperability of unmanned systems: increasing levels of autonomy, teaming and collaboration, long endurance missions, integration with civilian and military spaces. Several currently available methods and technologies may aid in meeting these and other challenges: consensus standards development, formal methods, model-based engineering, knowledge and ontology representation, agent-based systems, and plan language research. We believe the future of unmanned systems interoperability depends on the integration of these methods and technologies into a domain-independent plan language for unmanned systems.
OCTL to OICETS optical link experiment (OTOOLE) electrooptical systems

The OCTL to OICETS Optical Link Experiment (OTOOLE) project demonstrated bi-directional optical communications between the JAXA Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS) spacecraft and the NASA Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) ground station. This paper provides a detailed description of the experiment design for the uplink optical channel, in which 4 beacon lasers and 3 modulated communication lasers were combined and projected through the F/76 OCTL main telescope. The paper also describes the reimaging optical design employed on the acquisition telescope for receiving the OICETS-transmitted signal and the design of the receiver channel. Performance tests and alignment techniques of both systems are described.
Local cooling reduces skin ischemia under surface pressure in rats: an assessment by wavelet analysis of laser Doppler blood flow oscillations

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of local cooling on skin blood flow response to prolonged surface pressure and to identify associated physiological controls mediating these responses using the wavelet analysis of blood flow oscillations in rats. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three protocols, including pressure with local cooling (Δt = −10 °C), pressure with local heating (Δt = 10 °C) and pressure without temperature changes. Pressure of 700 mmHg was applied to the right trochanter area of rats for 3 h. Skin blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. The 3 h loading period was divided into non-overlapping 30 min epochs for the analysis of the changes of skin blood flow oscillations using wavelet spectral analysis. The wavelet amplitudes and powers of three frequencies (metabolic, neurogenic and myogenic) of skin blood flow oscillations were calculated. The results showed that after an initial loading period of 30 min, skin blood flow continually decreased under the conditions of pressure with heating and of pressure without temperature changes, but maintained stable under the condition of pressure with cooling. Wavelet analysis revealed that stable skin blood flow under pressure with cooling was attributed to changes in the metabolic and myogenic frequencies. This study demonstrates that local cooling may be useful for reducing ischemia of weight-bearing soft tissues that prevents pressure ulcers.
Voltammetric study of the inhibition of methanol oxidation on platinum by chloride ion in acid solution

Abstract A study of the inhibition of methanol oxidation on smooth platinum in perchloric acid solutions by chloride ion was carried out by means of periodic potentiostatic current/potential curves and impedance measurements at 1000 c/s under voltammetric conditions. The concentration of chloride was gradually increased from 10 −6 M to 10 −2 M. The rate of methanol oxidation at the same potential decreases with increasing chloride-ion concentration and is already rather small at 10 −2 M. The impedance measurements demonstrate that the inhibition is due to a blocking of surface sites by chloride-ion adsorption in the respective potential ranges. Chloride-ion adsorption is predominant over the adsorption of methanol molecules.
Suppression of neural fate and control of inner ear morphogenesis by Tbx1.

Inner ear sensory organs and VIIIth cranial ganglion neurons of the auditory/vestibular pathway derive from an ectodermal placode that invaginates to form an otocyst. We show that in the mouse otocyst epithelium, Tbx1 suppresses neurogenin 1-mediated neural fate determination and is required for induction or proper patterning of gene expression related to sensory organ morphogenesis ( Otx1 and Bmp4 , respectively). Tbx1 loss-of-function causes dysregulation of neural competence in otocyst regions linked to the formation of either mechanosensory or structural sensory organ epithelia. Subsequently, VIIIth ganglion rudiment form is duplicated posteriorly, while the inner ear is hypoplastic and shows neither a vestibular apparatus nor a coiled cochlear duct. We propose that Tbx1 acts in the manner of a selector gene to control neural and sensory organ fate specification in the otocyst.
Effect of smoking on the fasting blood sugar and pressor amines.

When 24 normal subjects under basal conditions smoked two thirds of 2 cigarettes, there was no appreciable rise in the levels of the fasting blood sugar and the epinephrine-like substances of the systemic venous blood. However, the smoking of two thirds of 2 cigarettes significantly raised the blood pressure and pulse rate, and decreased the skin temperature of fingers and toes.
Design Optimization of Material Properties in a Particle-Filled Composite Material System

This work presents a methodology implementing random packing of spheres combined with commercial finite element method (FEM) software to optimize the material properties, such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of two-phase materials used in electronic packaging. The methodology includes an implementation of a numerical algorithm of random packing of spheres and a technique for creating conformal FEM mesh of a large aggregate of particles embedded in a medium. We explored the random packing of spheres with different diameters using particle generation algorithms coded in MATLAB. The FEM meshes were generated using MATLAB and TETGEN. After importing the nodes and elements databases into commercial FEM software ANSYS, the composite materials with spherical fillers and the polymer matrix were modeled using ANSYS. The effective Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and CTE along different axes were calculated using ANSYS by applying proper loading and boundary conditions. It was found that the composite material was virtually isotropic. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio calculated by FEM models were compared to a number of analytical solutions in the literature. For low volume fraction of filler content, the FEM results and analytical solutions agree well. However, for high volume fraction of filler content, there is some discrepancy between FEM and analytical models and also among the analytical models themselves.© 2008 ASME
Inhibition of β-glucosidase by imidazoles

Over 25 nitrogen-containing heterocycles were tested as inhibitors of sweet almond beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). Among the most potent of these are some imidazole derivatives. The pH dependence indicates that the unprotonated inhibitor binds most tightly to the catalytically active species of the enzyme. This is analogous to the situation with 1-deoxynojirimycin where the permanently cationic species, N,N-dimethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, binds at least two orders of magnitude less tightly to the enzyme than does the unprotonated 1-deoxynojirimycin. The binding of imidazole derivatives show a general tendency of increasing affinity with increasing basicity (beta approximately 0.4). One derivative which shows a significant positive deviation from this correlation (- log Ki vs. pKa) is 4-phenylimidazole. 4-Phenylimidazole is one of the most potent reversible inhibitors of beta-glucosidase with a pH-independent Ki = 0.8 microM. It is also fairly specific for beta-glucosidase, binding at least three orders of magnitude less tightly to any of the other exoglycosidases tested. This inhibitor combines, in a mono-molecular species, the binding affinities of benzene, which binds at the hydrophobic aglycone binding site, and imidazole, which binds at the sugar binding site of beta-glucosidase. The binding energy of 4-phenylimidazole can be attributed to the sum of the intrinsic binding energies of the phenyl and imidazole moieties. Thus, there is no significant entropic advantage of combining the component parts of phenylimidazole in a single species. This indicates that there is no significant uncompensated entropy loss upon binding of either benzene or imidazole to the enzyme. Nevertheless, the additivity of binding energy, even in the absence of an entropic advantage, results in the most powerful known inhibitor of the enzyme.
Spontaneous Emission and Characteristics of Staggered InGaN Quantum-Well Light-Emitting Diodes

A novel gain media based on staggered InGaN quantum wells (QWs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was demonstrated as improved active region for visible light emitters. Fermi's golden rule indicates that InGaN QW with step-function like In content in the well leads to significantly improved radiative recombination rate and optical gain due to increased electron-hole wavefunction overlap, in comparison to that of conventional InGaN QW. Spontaneous emission spectra of both conventional and staggered InGaN QW were calculated based on energy dispersion and transition matrix element obtained by 6-band k middotp formalism for wurtzite semiconductor, taking into account valence-band-states mixing, strain effects, and polarization-induced electric fields. The calculated spectra for the staggered InGaN QW showed enhancement of radiative recombination rate, which is in good agreement with photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements at emission wavelength regime of 425 and 500 nm. Experimental results of light-emitting diode (LED) structures utilizing staggered InGaN QW also show significant improvement in output power. Staggered InGaN QW allows polarization engineering leading to improved luminescence intensity and LED output power as a result of enhanced radiative recombination rate.
Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA

Abstract We have obtained 69 new cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from boulders on moraines deposited by glaciers of the greater Yellowstone glacial system and Teton Range during the middle and late Pleistocene. These new data, combined with 43 previously obtained 3He and 10Be ages from deposits of the northern Yellowstone outlet glacier, establish a high-resolution chronology for the Yellowstone–Teton mountain glacier complexes. Boulders deposited at the southern limit of the penultimate ice advance of the Yellowstone glacial system yield a mean age of 136±13 10Be ka and oldest ages of ∼151–157 10Be ka. These ages support a correlation with the Bull Lake of West Yellowstone, with the type Bull Lake of the Wind River Range, and with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. End moraines marking the maximum Pinedale positions of outlet glaciers around the periphery of the Yellowstone glacial system range in age from 18.8±0.9 to 16.5±1.4 10Be ka, and possibly as young as 14.6±0.7 10Be ka, suggesting differences in response times of the various ice-cap source regions. Moreover, all dated Pinedale terminal moraines in the greater Yellowstone glacial system post-date the Pinedale maximum in the Wind River Range by ∼4–6 kyr, indicating a significant phase relationship between glacial maxima in these adjacent ranges. Boulders on the outermost set and an inner set of Pinedale end moraines enclosing Jenny Lake on the eastern Teton front yield mean ages of 14.6±0.7 and 13.5±1.1 10Be ka, respectively. The outer Jenny Lake moraines are partially buried by outwash from ice on the Yellowstone Plateau, hence their age indicates a major standstill of an expanded valley glacier in the Teton Range prior to the Younger Dryas, followed closely by deglaciation of the Yellowstone Plateau. These new glacial chronologies are indicative of spatially variable regional climate forcing and temporally complex patterns of glacier responses in this region of the Rocky Mountains during the Pleistocene.
Laws That Bit The Bullet: A Review of Legislative Responses to School Shootings

The recent mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut sparked an immediate discourse calling for a review of gun control legislation. However, this discourse was not new; rather, it was one that routinely follows this type of tragedy. In the wake of school shootings such as Columbine, Virginia Tech, and Jonesboro, a similar discourse appeared which prompted policymakers to introduce a number of pieces of legislation aimed at more efficient firearms regulation. While a few of these bills were enacted, many never made it past introduction. The flurry of legislative responses to such incidences warrants further discussion as to whether these bills are effective, or rather simply “feel good legislation.” Further, public opinion is a driving force behind such policy, but how can this change in the wake of school shootings? This paper examines both considerations and proposes directions for continued research in this critical and understudied area.
Characterization of transfer layers forming on surfaces sliding against diamond-like carbon☆

Abstract Metallic and ceramic surfaces may become covered with a carbon-rich transfer layer during sliding against diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. The presence of such layers at sliding interfaces may dominate the long-term friction and wear performance of these films. In this study, we use Raman and infrared spectroscopies to characterize the chemical structure of such transfer layers forming on the surface of magnesia/partially-stabilized ZrO2 (MgOPSZ) balls. The DLC film (≈ 2 μm thick) was prepared by ion-beam deposition at room temperature, with methane used as the source gas. Tribological tests were performed on a ball-on-disk machine in open air at room temperature (≈22 ± 1°C) and humidity of 30–50%. Sliding velocity ranged from 1 to 6 m s−1 and the tests were continued until the DLC films were effectively worn through. The results showed that the friction coefficients of DLC against MgOPSZ were initially 0.08–0.12 but decreased to 0.05–0.06 after about 200 000–500 000 sliding passes, depending on velocity. They remained constant at 0.05 for the duration of the tests, which was 1.5 million cycles at 6 m s−1 but > 4 million cycles at 1 m s−1. The low friction coefficients observed in each test coincided with the formation of a carbon-rich transfer layer on the rubbing surfaces of MgOPSZ balls. Micro-laser-Raman and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies confirmed that these carbon-rich transfer layers had a disordered graphitic structure.
System theory over random consensus networks: Controllability and optimality properties

In this paper we present a framework for designing feedback controllers for directing a group of agents adopting consensus-type algorithms over random networks. In this direction, we first examine the pertinent necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability and observability of protocols over random networks. We then proceed to explore conditions on the underlying distribution for guaranteeing optimal infinite horizon linear quadratic regulators. The implementation of the proposed methodology is then discussed via an illustrative example.
COMBUSTION MODELING OF GLYCIDYL AZIDE POLYMER WITH DETAILED KINETICS

ABSTRACT The steady-state combustion of the monopropellant glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) has been modeled using a one-dimensional, three-phase numerical model. Combustion characteristics of four formulations of cured GAP with varying amounts of the curing agent hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) have been modeled. A two-step global decomposition condensed-phase kinetic mechanism has been developed, based on experimental data. A detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism, with 460 reactions and 74 species, has been assembled and used. The combustion has been modeled over pressures of 5–100 atm and initial temperatures of 298 ± 50 K. The calculated combustion characteristics include the burning rate, pressure exponent, temperature sensitivity, surface and flame temperatures, temperature and species profiles, and condensed- and gas-phase heat released. The model calculations have been compared with various experimental data, and most of the calculations and their trends seem to be consistent with experimental data. ...
Computer simulation studies of ion implantation in crystalline silicon

Results from systematic computer simulation studies of boron, phosphorus, and arsenic implants into silicon that are important to integrated circuit technology are discussed in terms of interatomic potential, electronic energy loss, and target orientation effects. Detailed crystallographic analyses of axial and planar channeling are presented. The time evolution of an interesting collision cascade which depicts accidental channeling and dechanneling for a 5-keV boron implant is also presented. An examination of the binary collision cascade code MARLOWE is made and applied to simulate hyperchanneling of high-energy alpha particles in silicon. >
Turbulence measurements in a ducted coaxial flow

Turbulence measurements in ducted coaxial air flow with faster outer stream pertinent to gas core nuclear rocket feasibility
Triethylammonium tetraphenylborate dichloromethane solvate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C6H16N+·C24H20B−·CH2Cl2, displays an N—H⋯π interaction between the triethyl­ammonium cation and a phenyl ring of the tetra­phenyl­borate anion. The distance between the ammo­n­ium H atom and the edge of this phenyl ring is 2.40 (3) A. The ammonium group and the aryl moiety are nearly perpendicular, forming an intramolecular dihedral angle of 90.4°. A C—H⋯π interaction between the disordered di­chloro­methane solvate mol­ecule and a phenyl ring of the tetra­phenyl­borate anion is also present.
HELIOSEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF EMERGING MAGNETIC FLUX IN THE SOLAR CONVECTION ZONE

Helioseismology is capable of detecting signatures of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior before they appear at the surface. Here we present measurements that show the rising motion of the acoustic travel-time perturbation signatures in the deep convection zone, and study the possible physical origin of these signatures using observational and numerical simulation data. Our results show that the detected signatures first appear at deeper layers and then rise, with velocities of up to 1 km s–1, to shallower regions. We find evidences that these signatures may not be caused by subsurface flows or wave-speed perturbations, but are associated with acoustic power variations and frequency shifts of the cross-covariance function measured in the emerging-flux region. We also confirm with the use of numerical simulation data that phase travel-time shifts can be associated with frequency shifts related to acoustic power variations. The results of this work reveal the rising motion of magnetic flux in the deep convection zone and explain the large amplitude of the detected perturbation signatures.
Characterization of Asn130-to-Ala mutant of dengue type 1 virus NS1 protein

The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of flavivirus has two N-glycosylation sites that are thought to be important for viral replication. Effects of NS1 glycosylation site mutations on viral replication have been reported in several flaviviruses, but the results have differed. In this report, we examined the role of glycosylation site of NS1 on the replication of dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1). DENV-1 production was not detectable when full-length DENV-1 RNA, which has an N-glycosylation site Asn130-to-Ala (Asn130Ala) mutation in NS1, was transfected into mammalian and mosquito cells. However, replication and secretion of recombinant DENV-1 with the NS1 Asn130Ala mutation were recovered by exogenously expressed wild-type DENV-1 NS1. A growth kinetics experiment showed that propagation of wild-type DENV-1 was prevented by NS1 Asn130Ala mutant expression in trans. Our results suggest that Asn130 of the DENV-1 NS1 is important for viral replication in both mammalian and mosquito cells.
Fibromyxoid pseudotumor of the ligamentum teres treated with fresh osteochondral allograft

Intra-articular tumors and tumor-like conditions of the hip are rare. When they occur, they can interrupt normal articular congruency, leading to pain and joint dysfunction. If these conditions result in large osteochondral defects, they pose challenging reconstructive problems in young patients. We describe a case of a 29-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of right hip pain. Advanced imaging demonstrated an expansile lesion in the region of his ligamentum teres (LT), eroding a significant portion of his femoral head and expanding the cotyloid fossa. He was treated with surgical hip dislocation, excision of the lesion, and femoral head reconstruction with fresh osteochondral (OC) allograft transplantation via press-fit technique. Histologic examination of the mass showed a benign fibromyxoid pseudotumor. Although non-neoplastic masses have been described in almost all organ systems, to our knowledge this is the first description of this entity affecting the native hip joint. It is only the second description of using press-fit OC allografting in the femoral head. This case adds to the body of literature defining symptomatic LT pathology that may benefit from surgical management. It underscores the need to study the ligament further, as the ability to diagnose and treat intra-articular hip pathology has improved with modern imaging and methods of open and arthroscopic hip surgery.
Oxygen chemisorption and reaction on α-Fe(100) using photoemission and low-energy electron diffraction

Abstract The combined techniques of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and LEED-AES have been applied to the study of the electronic and atomic structure of the Fe(100) surface during initial stages of chemisorption and oxidation. Prior to the occurrence of oxide nucleation, a half-monolayer of chemisorbed oxygen is formed, characterized by a single O(2p) peak in the UPS spectra and a C(2 × 2)LEED pattern. Valence electronic changes reflect the formation of FeO iron oxide at greater coverage. The oxide atomic structure is initially p(1 × 1) changing into superstructures associated with epitaxial oxide formation. A multielectron satellite peak is identified at ~ 8 eV separation from the iron d-band peak. Various shake-up mechanisms are discussed to interpret this as well as the observed splitting in the Auger peak at low energy.
Single-spatial-mode tapered amplifiers and oscillators

The recent development of semiconductor diode optical amplifiers and lasers having a laterally tapered gain region has changed the outlook for high-power semiconductor optical sources. For the first time, highbrightness, single-element, all-semiconductor sources which emit several watts of cw power in a nearly ideal, single-lobed, diffraction-limited beam have been demonstrated. As semiconductor sources these devices have the inherent advantages of high efficiency, small size, light weight, and reliability. The amplifier12 and all-semiconductor master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) devices34 have gain regions linearly tapered from a few micrometers at the amplifier input to several hundred micrometers at the output. Device lengths are typically 2 mm or more. The angle of the taper is chosen to match the diffraction angle of the input beam which has its waist near the narrow end of the taper. Such a structure is shown schematically in Fig. 1 . The etched grooves have angled side walls and act as cavity spoilers, designed to prevent oscillation of the device as a broad-area laser. The devices are fabricated in single-quantum-well strained-layer InGaAs/AlGaAs graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure laser wafers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy.5 The tapered devices also operate as laser oscillators6 by increasing the input facet reflectivity. For amplifiers, both the input and output facets are coated for low reflectivity (in Fig. 1 , Ri = R2 = 1%), but for oscillators, the input facet is left uncoated (R1 —30%). The oscillators also emit several watts of cw power into a nearly single-lobed, nearly diffraction-limited beam, though their beam quality is usually somewhat inferior to that obtained for amplifiers, particularly at the highest output powers. The lateral mode of the oscillator is similar to the modes described by Fox and Li7 for unstable resonators, except that the semiconductor medium has a significant effect on the self-consistent mode which oscillates. A beam propagation calculation has been carried out to model these effects, as described below. This paper includes a review of the properties of both tapered amplifiers and oscillators.
Prior endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair provides no survival benefits when the aneurysm ruptures.

Objective It has been proposed that prior endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) confers protective effects in the setting of ruptured AAA (rAAA). This study was conducted to compare outcomes of rAAA repairs in patients with and without prior EVAR. Methods A retrospective review identified 18 patients with (group 1) and 233 patients without (group 2) antecedent EVAR who presented with rAAA from January 2001 to December 2008. Patient characteristics and perioperative variables were noted and the outcomes were compared. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors contributing to morbidity and mortality and Kaplan–Meier analyses to estimate late survival rates. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Mean age was 78 years in group 1 and 74.8 years in group 2 ( P = .17). Men comprised 83.3% of patients in group 1 and 77.3% in group 2 ( P = .77). Hemodynamic instability at rAAA was noted with similar frequency between groups, 55.6% vs 52.6%, respectively ( P = .99). Mean time from EVAR to rAAA was 4.0 years and from last follow-up computed tomography (CT) 1.2 years. The devices involved were Ancure (Guidant, Menlo Park, Calif) (9), AneuRx (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn) (5), Zenith (Cook Medical Inc, Bloomington, Ind) (3), and Excluder (W.L Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz) (1). Mean preoperative AAA size was 6.4 cm in group 1. All but 1 patient had an endoleak at the time of rupture. Of 14 patients with CT follow-up, only 3 patients had a known increase in size (≥5 mm) and only 3 were known to have an endoleak. Fifteen patients were treated by a single intervention, whereas 3 patients underwent multiple procedures. In group 2, open repair was performed in 218 patients and EVAR in 15. Morbidity (66.7% vs 56.7%) and in-hospital mortality (38.9% vs 36.9%) were nearly identical between groups. One-year survival rates (27.8% vs 48.2%; P = .15) were also similar. The mortality rates for EVAR for primary rAAA was 20% as compared to 38.1% for open repair for rAAAs ( P = .27). Conclusion rAAA remains a lethal problem in patients with and without prior EVAR alike. An existing endograft provides neither acute nor 1-year survival benefits after rAAA repairs. Prediction of patients at risk for rupture post-EVAR is difficult, as only a minority of patients had a known prior endoleak or sac enlargement.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of inhibin alpha-subunit gene expression in rat Sertoli cells by 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic-adenosine monophosphate.

FSH is a major regulator of inhibin production in the testis. FSH effects on Sertoli cell inhibin production are believed to be mediated, at least in part, via the cAMP second messenger system. Previously, it has been shown that 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) stimulates inhibin-alpha mRNA levels. This study examines whether the cAMP-induced increase in inhibin-alpha mRNA levels results from increased alpha mRNA synthesis, decreased degradation of mRNA, or both. The effects of cAMP on inhibin-alpha gene transcription were examined using nuclear run-on assays. Furthermore, the ability of 8-Br-cAMP to drive the transcription of chimeric constructs containing a 2.2-kilobase (kb) segment of the 5'-regulatory region of the alpha gene placed upstream of the coding region of the luciferase reporter gene was also examined. Data from nuclear run-on assays demonstrated rapid induction of alpha gene transcription by cAMP within 2 h and maximal 4- to 5-fold increase within 4-8 h in primary Sertoli cells. Transfection of TM....
Prediction of on-design and off-design performance for a solid oxide fuel cell power module

Abstract This paper presents a power or “stack” model which accurately predicts on-design as well as off-design performance for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) bundle or module. Most researchers have chosen simply to assume that the performance of multiple cells is just a linear extension of a single cells' performance [1,2]. This paper shows that this assumption is incorrect and that the performance of a single cell must be integrated into a power module model to predict performance accurately. This paper also shows that, since module performance is not a linear extension of single cell performance, off-design predictions are important, and the position of cell failure is critical as to whether a degraded module remains economically viable.
Zinc oxide nanostructures confined in porous silicas.

We report on molecular simulations of zinc oxide nanostructures obtained within silica nanopores of diameter D = 1.6 nm and D = 3.2 nm. Both the effects of confinement (by varying the pore size) an...
Closure of rabbit ileum enterotomies with the argon and CO2 lasers: bursting pressures and histology.

In this study, we examined short-term strength and histology of experimental argon and CO2 laser-welded and control-sutured enterotomies in a rabbit model. Longitudinal 1.0-cm enterotomies were closed with the argon laser at 0.5 (n = 10) or 1.0 (n = 10) W power and a spot diameter of 2.8 mm resulting in energy fluences of 230 and 450 J/cm2, respectively. Similar enterotomies were closed using the CO2 laser at 0.5 (n = 10) or 1.0 (n = 10) W power and a spot diameter of 1.2 mm, resulting in energy fluences of 1,360 and 2,730 J/cm2. In all closures, continuous wave laser was delivered for 30 seconds. Using a pressuremonitored infusion system with normal saline, the pressure required to burst each weld as well as sutured controls (n = 10) was recorded approximately 1 minute following fusion. Mean bursting pressures for the argon laser at 0.5 W and 1.0 W were 34.1 ± 19.4 mm Hg (mean ± SD) and 17.3 ± 8.3 mm Hg, respectively, and for the CO2 laser were 23.5 ± 12.0 mm Hg and 31.8 ± 15.6 mm Hg, respectively. Sutured controls leaked at 45.2 ± 12.0 mm Hg. With the exception of argon-laser welds at an energy fluence of 450 J/cm2, which were less than sutured repairs, the bursting pressures for welded closures were not significantly different from the sutured controls (Student's t distribution, P < .05). Histologic examination of both types of welds demonstrated a fibrin and red blood cell coagulum bridging the anastamosis, with some evidence of mild thermal injury at the mucosa. These findings suggest that both the argon and the CO2 lasers present an alternative means to suturing in closure of small-bowel enterotomies.
The effects of psychological gender orientations on the perceived salience of conversational constraints

This study investigated psychological gender differences in the salience of conversational constraints. It was hypothesized that feminine self-orientations would correlate positively with concern for the hearer’s feelings and concern for avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, and that masculine self-orientations would correlate positively with concern for clarity. Furthermore, we hypothesized that of the various gender-orientation patterns, androgynous individuals (maintaining high masculine as well as high feminine self-identity simultaneously) will have the highest importance ratings of all the constraints added together; i.e., higher than either undifferentiated (low masculine as well as low feminine self-identity simultaneously) or gender-typed individuals (either low masculine-high feminine or high masculine-low feminine). Partkipants consisted of undergraduate students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. After being presented with four conversational situations, participants rated the perceived importance of each constraint in relation to each situation. They then completed the Bem’sSex- Role Inventory to measure their psychological gender orientation. The results were mostly consistent with the hypotheses. Furthermore, the study showed that one’s psychological gender-role orientation is superior to biological sex categories in accounting for the perceived importance of conversational constraints.
Mechanisms of tempered martensite embrittlement in medium-carbon steels

Abstract The literature associates several mechanisms of fracture with tempered martensite embrittlement (TME). With the use of a series of chromium-molybdenum steels containing 0.3–0.5% C and the examination of heats containing nominally 0.002 and 0.02% P at each carbon level, this study has reproduced the transgranular and intergranular brittle modes of TME in 0.4 and 0.5% C steels and revealed a transgranular ductile mode of TME in the 0.3% C steels. Room temperature instrumented Charpy V-notch impact testing was used to detect TME, and together with fractographic characterization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, showed that the nature of the crack initiation ahead of the notch was a key factor in differentiating the various mechanisms of TME. All of the observations could be explained by consideration of the effects of carbon content and tempering temperature on the carbide distribution and the matrix strain-hardening behavior of the steels. High phosphorus, by virtue of its segregation to retained alloy carbide particles and austenite grain boundaries during austenitizing, lowered impact toughness relative to low phosphorus specimens not just in the TME range but in all tempered conditions. Therefore, phosphorus, although shown to be potent embrittling element in hardened steels, is not responsible for TME.