cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design concepts of a removable partial dental prosthesis with implant-supported abutments

A clinical report is presented that describes the restoration of a severe anterior maxillary ridge defect and pneumatized sinuses with a rotation-path partial removable dental prosthesis and implant-supported abutments. Other treatment options were considered and rejected based on patient preferences and limitations, which included avoiding invasive surgeries. The principles of integrating fixed and removable prosthesis design were applied. However, the clasp design was modified to take into account the direct bone-to-implant contact of the abutments. An esthetic and functional outcome was obtained without any overly invasive surgery.
Stability of Neutrophil‐Releasing Activity of Plasma Obtained from Leukapheresed Rats and Stored at 4 C

When granulocyte-donor rats were treated prior to pheresis with plasma obtained from previously leukapheresed rats (PPP), granulocytosis and a significant increase in granulocyte yield were observed. Previous studies have demonstrated that such plasma stored at -150 C for up to two weeks preserved the neutrophil-releasing activity. This study demonstrates that neutrophil-releasing activity was satisfactorily preserved when plasma from previously leukapheresed rats was stored at 4 C for three weeks.
Identification of an essential tyrosine residue in nitroalkane oxidase by modification with tetranitromethane.

The flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes or ketones with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is irreversibly inactivated by incubation with tetranitromethane, a tyrosine-directed reagent, at pH 7.3. The inactivation is time-dependent and shows first-order kinetics for two half-lives of inactivation. Further inactivation can be achieved upon a second addition of tetranitromethane. A saturation kinetic pattern is observed when the rate of inactivation is determined versus the concentration of tetranitromethane, indicating that a reversible enzyme−inhibitor complex is formed before irreversible inactivation occurs. Values of 0.096 ± 0.013 min-1 and 12.9 ± 3.8 mM were determined for the first-order rate constant for inactivation and the dissociation constant for the reversibly formed complex, respectively. The competitive inhibitor valerate protects the enzyme from inactivation by tetranitromethane, sug...
Interaction energy between water and hydrocarbon phases

Abstract Dispersion and polarization energies between water and hydrocarbon phases are calculated by using the second-order perturbation theory of intermolecular forces. The following three cases are considered: the interaction between water and (a) a perpendicular-oriented hydrocarbon assembly, (b) a parallel-oriented hydrocarbon assembly, and (c) a disoriented hydrocarbon liquid. As results, (i) the ratios of dispersion energy to polarization energy are 4.53 and 3.17 for the cases (a) and (b), respectively. (it) The ratio of dispersion energy for the case (a) to that for the case (b) is about 1.81. The ratio of polarization energy for the case (a) to that for the case (b) is about 1.27. (3) The ratio g = W αα⊥ W αα Ran , of dispersion energy for the case (a) to that for the case (c) is 1.35. The ratio of the total interaction energies (dispersion + polarization) for the case (a) to that for the case (b) is 1.67. From these results, it is suggested that a perpendicular orientation of hydrocarbon chains at the interface between water and hydrocarbon phases is energetically more favorable than a random orientation or a parallel orientation.
Direct observation of crises of the chaotic attractor in a nonlinear oscillator

For a driven nonlinear oscillator we report direct evidence for three cases of an interior crisis of the attractor, as conjectured by Grebogi, Ott, and Yorke. These crises are sudden and discontinuous changes in the attractor, observed directly from bifurcation diagrams and attractor diagrams (Poincar\'e sections) in real time. The crises arise from intersection of an unstable orbit with the chaotic attractor.
Costs of Cancer Care: A View From the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Fee-for-service Medicare pays for a very substantial portion of all cancer care delivered in the United States. By virtue of its size and visibility, its payment policies at times also influence those of other health care payers. As a result, Medicare affects both the overall economics and the incentive structures of oncology care. Three aspects of how Medicare finances cancer care are particularly germane to the issue of costs. First, Medicare finances all aspects of cancer care in independent payment units, paying separately for physician services, laboratory tests, procedures, imaging, radiation, drug administration, and drugs. Second, Medicare is currently managing and monitoring a very substantial overhaul in payment for cancer care, which aims to reduce or eliminate incentives that have favored aggressive and costly treatments in clinical situations where alternative therapeutic approaches might have been equivalent or preferable. Third, Medicare is trying to increase the focus on care quality and transparency, as improved efficiency and greater value is needed if costs of care are to be contained. Understanding these three aspects of cancer care financing can help clarify what Medicare is capable of doing to control the rising costs that are occurring in cancer today.
The association of hip circumference with incident hip fracture in a cohort of postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Purpose As the mean age of the U.S. population increases, the public health burden of osteoporotic fractures is expected to increase. This study prospectively examined the independent association of hip circumference with hip fracture. Methods The prospective association of hip circumference and hip fracture was examined in a cohort of 30,652 postmenopausal women. Results Compared with the lowest quintile, successive quintiles of hip circumference were associated with a reduced hazard (i.e., hazard ratio [HR]) of hip fracture over 18 years of follow-up (HRs = 1.00, 0.78, 0.74, 0.76, 0.69, p for trend = 0.0015) after adjusting for age. Controlling for waist, this association persisted (HRs = 1.00, 0.78, 0.73, 0.72, 0.54, p for trend = 0.0006). When additionally controlling for body mass index (BMI), we found that the association of hip fracture with hip circumference was attenuated to the null whereas the association with successive quintiles of BMI remained significant and inverse (HRs = 1.00, 0.55, 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, p for trend Conclusions Although hip circumference has a strong inverse association with risk of hip fracture, this association was not independent of BMI. These results suggest that, in the prediction of hip fracture risk, overall body size may be more important than body composition of the femoral-gluteal region.
Photophysical, electrochemical, and electrogenerated chemiluminescent properties of 9,10-dimethyl-7,12-diphenylbenzo[k]fluoranthene and 9,10-dimethylsulfone-7,12-diphenylbenzo[k]fluoranthene

A newly synthesized light emitting compound 9,10-dimethylsulfone-7,12-diphenylbenzo[k]fluoranthene (DSDPBF) and its synthetic intermediate 9,10-dimethyl-7,12-diphenylbenzo[k]fluoranthene (DMDPBF) were studied to evaluate how the addition of weak electron donating methyl groups and the subsequent addition of an electron withdrawing sulfone group affect the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as the rate of radical cation coupling of the parent compound, 7,12-diphenylbenzo[k]fluoranthene (DPBF). Although the photochemical and electrochemical properties of DSDPBF were more similar to the unsubstituted DPBF than to the DMDPBF, there was a substantial decrease in the quantum efficiency upon addition of the electron-rich sulfone group which was not observed upon addition of the methyl groups. On the other hand, the rate of radical cation coupling or dimerization observed upon electrochemical oxidation varied significantly. The addition of the electron donating methyl groups decreased the reacti...
Suspended sediment transport in surface waters of the California Current off southern California: 1977–78 floods

Floods in southern California during the rainy season of 1977–78 followed four years of severe drought when vegetative cover of drainage areas was at a minimum. LANDSAT Band 5 analyses following these floods suggest extensive transport of suspended sediment to 80 to 100 km from the coastline. Current patterns can be explained by a decaying Davidson Current situation and a large semipermanent cyclonic gyre that controls distribution of surface suspended sediment throughout the California Borderland. This gyre, and associated spinoff eddies, produce three distinct cells of suspended sediment in surface waters. These cells may control sedimentation patterns of terrigenous silt and clay.
School-based support for GLBT students: A review of three levels of research

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) students experience harassment, alienation, and violence in schools. Several school-based interventions have been suggested to provide a safe and effective learning environment for these students, but few have been evaluated or investigated experimentally. This review utilizes A.K. Ellis' (2001) model to review the research on school-based interventions for GLBT youth at the levels of theory, applied investigation, and widespread implementation. Results suggest that, although the research base for psychological needs of GLBT youth is well established, applied investigation of small- and large-scale implementation is in the early stages. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 839–848, 2007.
Design and implement a networking curriculum in light of ACM IT curriculum recommendations and bloom's taxonomy

This paper describes the development and implementation of our networking curriculum in light of 2008 ACM IT curriculum recommendations. The networking curriculum was designed specifically to raise the level of learning effectiveness based on Bloom's Taxonomy (BT). BT is also used to specify assessable learning objectives in measurable terms. The paper details the process of implementing such a curriculum and provides the rationale behind some of the key decisions with regard to the curriculum design.
Reinforcement learning tuned decentralized synergetic control of power systems

Abstract In this paper, decentralized synergetic controllers with varying parameters are developed to dampen oscillations in electric power systems via the excitation systems of the generators. Each generator is treated as a subsystem for which a synergetic controller is designed. Each subsystem is a dynamical system driven by a function that estimates the effect of the rest of the system. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is employed to initialize the controllers’ gains. Then, reinforcement learning (RL) is used to vary the gains obtained after implementing the PSO so as to adapt the system to various operating conditions. Simulation results for a two area power system indicate that this technique gives a better performance than synergetic fixed gains controllers, or conventional power system stabilizers. Simulation results are obtained using the power analysis toolbox (PAT).
Microbore high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteolytic digests by continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Microbore high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques have been combined with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) for the mass-specific detection of mixtures of peptides produced by proteolytic hydrolysis of proteins. The continuous-flow FAB interface has been utilized for direct coupling of the microbore HPLC system and the mass spectrometer. Conditions are reported for the effective separation of 100 pmol of peptides at flow-rates of 5 microliters/min with acetonitrile gradients and 1-mm I.D. C8 columns. A comparison is also made between columns of 5 and 25 cm lengths for the separation of peptide mixtures. Data are presented for the separation of peptides on a slurry-packed C18 fused-silica capillary column with the continuous-flow HPLC-FAB-MS interface at flow-rates of 3 microliters/min.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Abstract The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is no longer “talk only,” but is an institutionalized forum of 18 sovereign nation-state based economies. What is APEC? This symposium, based on my recorded conversations with Dr. C. Fred Bergsten, Dr. Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, Mr. Zhao Gong-Da, Mr. Mitsuo Sato, Dr. Lee Tsao Yuan, Hon. Neville Wran, Professor Ross Garnaut, Professor Heinz W. Arndt, Professor Peter Drysdale, Dr. Narongchai Akrasanee, Professor Mohamed Ariff, Dato Dr. Noordin Sopiee, during August–December 1994, may provide a useful answer.
Design and development of hybrid composite bistable structures for energy absorption under quasi-static tensile loading

Abstract The composite bistable structures discussed in this paper consist of a material-based mechanism with a saw-tooth strain/stress curve. They have a more damage-tolerant behavior, and considerably higher strain-to-failure than the corresponding monolithic material. Past work showed successful results with bistable composites made of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This paper investigates a number of hybrid composite configurations, with geometry and manufacturing process inspired by the previous work. Bistable designs are based on the synergy of two parts, main links and waiting links, with a user-configurable balance of strain, strength and stiffness. In this paper, carbon and UHMWPE (Spectra®) hybrids are studied in terms of their maximum strain and specific strain energy. Considerably higher ductility was experienced for some configurations, while increased strength may be obtained in principle with a higher number of layers than those of the current work.
Factors of parricide: Allowance of the use of battered child syndrome as a defense

Children who kill a parent may be mentally ill or dangerously antisocial, but most often they are severely abused. However, most abused children do not resort to killing a parent. Children who do commit murder do so out of desperation when family members and friends have failed to help them. This article discusses issues surrounding allowance of the defense of battered child syndrome as a justification for parricide. An argument will be made for the expansion of the self-defense claim to include battered child syndrome.
Radar and optical polarimetry: a comparative study

The fields of radar and optical polarimetry are compared. Both fields have defined scattering matrices that describe the coherent scattering of monochromatic electric fields. This paper compares the mathematics of the two disciplines by redeveloping Kennaugh's optimum polarization theory in the context of optical polarimetry. In addition, a novel definition of 'eigenpolarization' is given.
Parafermion correlation functions on Riemann surfaces

Abstract The parafermion current correlators on a Riemann surface form a vector bundle, which becomes a line bundle if one goes to a suitable covering of the surface. This determines the correlation functions up to coefficients which only depend on the moduli. These coefficients can be determined if one imposes certain differential equations coming from the operator product Kac-Peterson.
Abstract 4551: Identification of TRPM7 kinase inhibitors.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastatin 7) encodes a calcium permeable non-selective cation channel implicated in cell adhesion and magnesium homoeostasis. The TRPM7 gene encodes for a protein kinase whose activity is linked to the control of actomyosin contractility. TRPM7 mediates adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and recently has been reported to promote breast tumor cell metastasis. The lack of cell-permeable pharmacological inhibitors of the kinase domain represent a barrier to fully understanding kinase function. Herein, we describe the discovery of several compounds that target TRPM7 kinase activity and which were shown to decrease the binding of Myosin IIB to TRPM7 in HEK293 cells transfected with pCMV6-TRPM7. Magnesium starvation, which promotes TRPM7 kinase activity, induces phosphorylation of eEF2. Treatment of cells with several of the compounds decreased eEF2 phosphorylation under conditions of magnesium starvation, consistent with the notion that they inhibit TRPM7 kinase activity in cells. Citation Format: Tamer S. Kaoud, Jihyun Park, Shreya Mitra, Clint D.J. Tavares, Anna Tseng, Kevin N. Dalby. Identification of TRPM7 kinase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4551. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4551
Satisfaction with Health Care Services Consumption and Life Satisfaction among the Elderly

This article argues that overall life satisfaction is influenced by satisfaction within a variety of individual life domains. One of these is the marketing or consumptive domain, which includes the health care consumptive life domain. A study was conducted to test hypotheses that among elderly consumers (1) health care services satisfaction affects global evaluations of life or life satisfaction, (2) perceived personal health and cognitive age influence the elderly person's global evaluation of life, and (3) perceived personal health and cognitive age play a moderating role in the spillover effect between health care services satisfaction and life satisfaction. The study involved a mail survey sent to a sample of 560 elderly consumers. The results indicate that health care services satisfaction / dissatisfaction is positively related with life satisfaction / dissatisfaction, as expected. The results also indicate that perceived personal health and cognitive age are related to life satisfaction / dissatisf...
Prey of the Broad-Banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) and the Diamondback Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer)

Abstract Stomach contents of Nerodia fasciata and Nerodia rhombifer from Louisiana and Texas were examined by either palpation or dissection. Recovered prey included one new prey item (Siren intermedia) for N. fasciata and one (Arius felis) for N. rhombifer. Prey:predator ratios of mass and total size of meals are reported.
One-Way Anova from Summary Statistics:

Equations given by Gordon (1973) are corrected and revised. An example of the use of these equations is given.
Youths' Outlook on the Future: An English Replication

Gillespie and Allport's (1955) 10-country survey of college students' view of the future was replicated (Kleiber & Manaster, 1972) in Texas, compari~lg outlooks over rime and differentiating activists and nonactivists. The present study rcspl~catcs the Texas study at an English university, at which 348 upper division students (80% male) completed the reported objective items of the original Gillespie-Allport quehrionnalre in class. The sample divided equally, as it had in Texas, between activist (N = 164) students who had participated in demonstrations, ecc. and nonactivists (N = 184) . Comparisons for significant differences between activiscs and nonactiviscs in each country as well as the over-all significant differences between the country samples were undertaken. The nonactivists in both countries were more enthusiastic about their futures than the activists, and the U.S. sample was much more positive than the U.K. sample. While the U.S. and U.K. students desired and expected equally high prestige occupations, the standard of living thus attained was seen as much higher than that of their family of origin by the U.K. students. This reflects greater upward mobility associated with univetsiry attendance in the U.K. or more low socio-economic status students at this U.K. university. The majority of both samples desired that solution to the problem of international relations be worked out through world government, however, the majority of the U.S. students expected nationalism and the majority of U.K. students expected regionalism to be the mode for solution. Significantly more activists than nonactivists in both countries, though majorities in both samples, thought that another world war would lead to the destruction of civilization. It had been hypothesized and found in the Texas study that this would relate to greater encouragement of aggressive behavior in childhood among the actlvlsts. This did not appear for the U.K. sample as almost no encouragement of aggressive behavior was reported. Activists in the U.S. had less desire for religious orientation than nonactivists, while in the U.K. this was true only because the female nonactivists were higher than the others in this desire. Ovcr-all the desire for religious orientation was mu& lower in the U.K. sample. Over 65% of the U.S. students, but only 40% of the U.K. srudents, would give greater emphas~s to the concept of democracy "by the people" rather than "for the people." Both samples almost unanimously desire greater racial equality but 82% of the U.S. sample and 65 % of the U.K. sample expect to see it. The U.S. activist sample was characterized as "more pessimistic" (Kleiber & Manaster, 1972, p. 232) than the nonactivist sample. Although the activists were not more pessimistic than the nonactivists in the U.K., the entire U.K. sample appears less hopeful for the future than the U.S. sample.
Mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose: Part I. Experimental results

Abstract This paper describes a set of laboratory diagnostic tests performed in order to reveal the main mechanical properties exhibited by several cohesive powders. The laboratory tests were carried out on several powders, however only the results for microcrystalline cellulose, PH-105, mean particle size 20 μm will be mainly presented here. A few results of other materials will be incorporated as examples to explain the development of these diagnostic tests, as well as the development of improved methodologies. First, the powder was tested to see if it exhibits “instantaneous” response. For this purpose we have used a “quasi-static” procedure described later to determine the elastic parameters. All the elastic parameters were obtained experimentally by using an enhanced triaxial tester (Development of a New Technique for Measuring Volume Change of Dry Particulate Systems under Very Low Confining Pressures. IMECE: Recent Trends in Constitutive Modeling of Advanced Materials AMD-Vol. 239 (2000) 65). The tests were carried out at low to moderate confining pressures which are typical in storage and handling facilities such as bins and hoppers and mechanical feeders. Afterwards, we tried to see if the powder exhibits irreversible deformation and if this deformation is time dependent. We have found that the volume is either compressible or dilatant, and that irreversible volumetric deformation is taking place by creep. Compressibility is a transient phenomenon. Microcrystalline cellulose does not exhibit much dilatancy, but a rate effect was also recorded and this phenomena is of great importance for many industrial applications. Shortly, the diagnostic tests reveal that only elastic/viscoplastic non-associated constitutive equations are able to describe the mechanical properties discussed above. The paper describes all the data needed to determine such constitutive equations.
Immune response of mice exposed to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum.

The effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) on lymphoid organs and the immune response of young and older adult mice were studied histologically and by functionally assessing the activity of various subpopulations of immune cells. Young adult mice (6–8 weeks old) treated with 2 mg/kg CDDP mounted an enhanced splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to both sheep erythrocytes, a helper T-cell-dependent antigen (HD), and pneumococcal polysaccharide type III a helper T-cell-independent antigen (HI). Older adult mice (18–22 weeks old) treated in the same way exhibited an equally enhanced PFC response to HD antigen and even a more pronounced response to HI antigen. Treatment of mice with 12 mg/kg CDDP resulted in immunosuppression. Thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen of animals treated with the higher dose of CDDP showed a marked cell depletion from both T and B areas, confirming that the immunosuppression was due to an indiscriminate elimination of both T and B lymphocytes. The immunosuppression and the cell depletion from lymphoid organs were more pronounced in younger mice. Thus, the effects of CDDP on the lymphoid organs and the immune response depend both on the age of the animals and on the dose of the drug. CDDP given in small doses enhances the PFC response, whereas a reduced PFC response is obtained following high-dose treatment.
Asian Monsoon Forcing of Subtropical Easterlies in the Community Atmosphere Model: Summer Climate Implications for the Western Atlantic

AbstractThe effects of a progressively enhanced Asian summer monsoon on the mean zonal wind are examined in a series of experiments using the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4). The response of the barotropic mean zonal wind varies in a linear fashion with the forcings of 5, 10, and 20 W m−2 in net radiation over South Asia. The authors increase the strength of the monsoon by making the South Asian land surface hotter (via lower soil albedo). This leads to an enhanced Rossby wave source region over the Balkan Peninsula at 45°N, northwest of the upper-level Tibetan high (TH). Equatorward propagation of Rossby waves causes stationary eddy momentum flux divergence (SEMFD) to the south of this source region. This local area of SEMFD produces easterly tendencies of the barotropic part of the mean zonal wind in the subtropics. As the easterly mean flow strengthens, so do low-level easterlies across the subtropical Atlantic, leading to a westward displacement of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH...
Mode Characteristics and Coherence in Optical Ruby Masers

AN optical maser, using a good-quality ruby crystal with plane-parallel reflectors, oscillates in modes corresponding to Fabry–Perot resonances. Oscillations are shown to occur at several different wavelengths corresponding to various numbers of half-wave-lengths between reflecting ends. For each wavelength, there are many angular modes which are coupled so that they oscillate coherently. This implies that a set of angular modes may be considered a single modified mode and that light from the entire set may be focused to a point of minimum size allowed by the wave-length of the light.
A Community Model of African Politics: Illustrations from Nigeria and Tanzania

The first years following independence in Africa were an exciting time for scholars who rushed off to observe the emerging politics of new states across the continent. The analytical frameworks these scholars brought with them for the purpose of interpreting what they saw were largely borrowed from mainstream models derived from the study of American politics that were widely popular at the time. However, soon after the early independence era (1956–1966), it became obvious that a sole focus on the formal structures and functions of state and society revealed little about the actual practice of politics. Across the continent, governments were suffering from constitutional failures, an inability to offer a consistent application of regulatory mechanisms or enforceable law; and few states could even extract sufficient revenue to support either pre-existing colonial-era governmental structures or the many new ambitious projects undertaken by politicians soon after independence.
Trace-metal concentrations in modern marine sabkhas

Abstract Trace-metal data from a number of hydrologically different types of modern marine sabkhas are presented, indicating that these environments do not have elevated trace-metal concentrations compared to recent near-shore marine sediments and therefore are not active loci of trace-metal enrichment today.
Pregnancy and labor increase the capacity of human myometrial cells to secrete parathyroid hormone-related protein

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a oncofetal gene product possessing smooth muscle relaxant properties, has been found in rat and human uterine smooth muscle cells (USMC) where it is postulated to regulate myometrial tone and/or blood flow. Studies investigating the gestational regulation of PTHrP in human USMC have not been performed. This study was conducted to determine if pregnancy alters the capacity of USMC to secrete or respond to PTHrP. USMC cultures were established from 8 hysterectomy specimens (H) and 7 non-laboring (NP) and 5 laboring term pregnant uterine biopsies (LP). PTHrP secretion was measured at baseline and in response to TGF-beta1 using a immunoradiometric assay. The USMC response to PTHrP was assessed by incubating cultures with human (1-34)PTHrP and measuring cellular cAMP by radioimmunoassay. We found that cultures from the groups did not differ with respect to basal PTHrP secretion. TGF-beta1, on the other hand, produced dose-dependent increases in secreted PTHrP in each group such that LP>NP>H at 12 hrs and LP>NP and H 24 hrs. Maximal responses were found at 24 hrs in cells treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1 (LP: 2034+/-366 vs NP: 1485+/-427; H: 1250+/-202 fmol/mg). Incubation of cultures with PTHrP produced dose-dependent increases in cAMP production, with 10(-7) M increasing levels by 64%. Neither pregnancy nor labor significantly affected the cAMP response. These findings indicate that the human myometrium has the capacity to increase PTHrP secretion during pregnancy and labor through a TGF-beta-dependent pathway. Such findings are consistent with a role of PTHrP in enhancing uterine blood flow.
Predictors of Hate Crime Prosecutions An Analysis of Data From the National Prosecutors Survey and State-Level Bias Crime Laws

Research on hate crime has focused primarily on law making, law enforcement, and victimization aspects. Few researchers have studied hate crime prosecutions even though this is an important element in such cases. This study uses data from the National Prosecutors Survey of 2001 to predict the likelihood of hate crime prosecutions. Given the data set is a census of prosecutors, it was necessary to add 10 new variables to the data based on the presence and absence of state hate crime laws and their characteristics. The data were subjected to logistic regression, and it was determined that the three strongest predictors of whether prosecutors pursue hate crime are the presence of (a) race, ethnicity, and religion as protected groups in state hate crime law, (b) sexual orientation as a protected status within state law, (c) the presence of an institutional vandalism provision in state-level hate crime law, and (d) if the prosecutor’s office assigned staff to handle community-related activities. The findings a...
Hydrogen trapping by cold-worked X-52 steel

Abstract The hydrogen trapping by cold-worked (CW) and non-cold-worked (NCW) X-52 steel was evaluated by using the potentiostatic pulse method. The apparent and lattice diffusion coefficients of hydrogen were measured by the permeation technique. On the basis of the results obtained, the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of CW and NCW steels was determined.
Determination of robust stability margin for second-order systems

Robust stabilization of uncertain systems has been extensively investigated and the stability test for the whole set of uncertain parameters has been reduced to a finite number of test points, four points for the characteristic polynomial with independent coefficients. As a result the robust stability margin can be determined using a reasonable amount of computation. It is impossible to apply the results of the test to a practical system as the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial for a physical system are usually functions of uncertain parameters. However, many physical systems may be represented by a second-order mass-spring-damper system with a special multilinear form in its characteristic polynomial. This paper investigates second-order mass-spring-damper systems and the reduction of the number of test points. It is shown that such a system with arbritrary compensators always has a multilinear characteristic polynomial. It is also shown that a line in the two-dimensional parameter space forms the boundary after the mapping of a multilinear characteristic polynomial and this interior extreme line forms a conic curve in the complex plane. The boundary of uncertain domain for a multilinear polynomial with two uncertainty parameters can be determined analytically using this curve, and the four sides image of a square of the uncertain parameter. Therefore, the stability margin may be determined by checking the intersections of the boundary with the zero point. A similar procedure can be used for second-order systems with more than two uncertainty parameters when parameter optimization is used in determining the boundary.
Toward a Molecular Understanding of the Anisotropic Response of Proteins to External Forces: Insights from Elastic Network Models

With recent advances in single-molecule manipulation techniques, it is now possible to measure the mechanical resistance of proteins to external pulling forces applied at specific positions. Remarkably, such recent studies demonstrated that the pulling/stretching forces required to initiate unfolding vary considerably depending on the location of the application of the forces, unraveling residue/position-specific response of proteins to uniaxial tension. Here we show that coarse-grained elastic network models based on the topology of interresidue contacts in the native state can satisfactory explain the relative sizes of such stretching forces exerted on different residue pairs. Despite their simplicity, such models presumably capture a fundamental property that dominates the observed behavior: deformations that can be accommodated by the relatively lower frequency modes of motions intrinsically favored by the structure require weaker forces and vice versa. The mechanical response of proteins to external stress is therefore shown to correlate with the anisotropic fluctuation dynamics intrinsically accessible in the folded state. The dependence on the overall fold implies that evolutionarily related proteins sharing common structural features tend to possess similar mechanical properties. However, the theory cannot explain the differences observed in a number of structurally similar but sequentially distant domains, such as the fibronectin domains.
Module-based biomarker discovery in breast cancer

The availability of genome-wide biological network data opens up new possibilities to discover novel biomarkers and elucidate cancer-related complex mechanisms at network level. In this paper, we propose a novel module-based feature selection framework, which integrates biological network information and gene expression data to identify biomarkers, not as individual genes but as functional modules. Also, a large-scale analysis of ensemble feature selection concept is presented. The method allows combining features selected from multiple runs with various data subsampling to increase the reliability and classification accuracy of the final set of selected features. The results from four breast cancer studies demonstrate that the identified module biomarkers achieve: i) higher classification accuracy in independent validation datasets; ii) better reproducibility than individual gene biomarkers; iii) improved biological interpretability; and iv) enhanced enrichment in cancer-related “disease drivers”.
A rapid and simple analytical method for cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in drinking water

Abstract A simple gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in drinking waters. Saturated headspace is injected directly onto a capillary column and the analytes are quantified by electron capture detection. Method detection limits are 0.04 and 0.2 μg/l for CNCl and CNBr, respectively. Effects of temperature and salt addition on analyte response were investigated. Other tests were conducted to determine the effects of sulfite and free chlorine on analyte stability. A concluding set of experiments showed the relationship between bromide concentration and cyanogen halide speciation.
Writing the Other, Inscribing the Self

This research is concerned with fieldnotes as they form the building blocks of ethnography, at the representational intersection of self and other. Using fieldnotes generated by graduate students, we explore their dialectics of revelation and concealment, publicity and privacy, and awareness and unawareness, in the context of disciplinary politics.
Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Pin Loaded Holes—Method of Solution

A method is presented for predicting the failure strength and the failure mode of fiber reinforced composite laminates containing one or two pin loaded holes. The method involves two steps. First, the stress distribution in the laminate is calculated by the use of a finite element method. Second, the failure load and failure mode are predicted by means of a proposed failure hypothesis together with the Yamada-Sun failure criterion. A computer code was developed which can be used to calculate the maximum load and the mode of failure of laminates with different ply orientations, different material properties, and different geometries. Tests were also conducted measuring the failure strengths and failure modes of Fiberite T300/1034-C laminates containing a pin-loaded hole or two pin-loaded holes in parallel or in series. Com parisons were made between the data and the results of the model. Good agreement was found between the analytical and the experimental results.
Multi-Wavelength All-Optical Regeneration

We discuss the theoretical and experimental progress in the development of multi- wavelength all-optical 2R regenerators, with emphasis on innovative dispersion management in the scheme based on off-center filtering of self-phase-modulation-broadened signal spectrum (Mamyshev regenerator).
Understanding How Universal Vouchers Have Impacted Urban School Districts’ Enrollment in Chile

Findings from this study show that educational and mobility opportunities for families and students participating in the Chilean voucher system are not homogenously distributed. Some families and students use and benefit from the system, while others will remain marginalized. The quantitative results in this study demonstrate that students of relatively higher SES living in mid-high or mid-low poverty districts receive the benefit from vouchers. These students may move from one public school to another, from a public school to private-voucher school in the same area, from one district to another, or from a public school in an area to a private-voucher school in another district. Meanwhile, low-income counterparts living in high-poverty areas are excluded from the system and tend to remain at their public neighborhood school.
Natural History and CT Appearances of Aortic Intramural Hematoma

Rupture of the vasa vasorum into the media of the aortic wall results in an aortic intramural hematoma. Characteristic findings of an aortic intramural hematoma include a crescentic hyperattenuating fluid collection at unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and a smooth, nonenhancing, thickened aortic wall at contrast material-enhanced CT. The CT appearance of untreated intramural hematomas evolves over time, and decreased attenuation is a clue to the chronicity of a hematoma. CT is particularly useful for evaluating aortic intramural hematomas because it allows their differentiation from aortic dissections, which have similar clinical manifestations, and permits an exact determination of their location-crucial information for surgical planning. On the basis of CT findings, some hematomas may be expected to resolve spontaneously, whereas others may be identified as posing a high risk for serious complications such as aortic dissection, aneurysm, and rupture. Appropriate clinical management is aided by accurate recognition of diagnostically specific CT features and awareness of their significance.
In Vivo Delivery of RNAi with Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

RNA interference (RNAi) technology represents a fundamentally new category of treatments for human disease by addressing targets that are traditionally considered undruggable with existing medicines. The major challenge for RNAi-based therapy is the delivery system that meets human therapeutic needs. Therefore, engineering vectors with good delivery efficiency and safety profile is an intense area of research. Lipid-based nanoparticles for RNAi have yielded successful advances in vivo and to an extent in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the barriers in developing lipid-based nanoparticles for in vivo RNAi and different strategies to overcome them. Rational designs that address safety concerns and ensure effective delivery will aid the translation of engineered lipid-based nanoparticles toward the clinic in the foreseeable future.
A Review of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in the Contexts of Learning, Eyewitness Memory, Social Cognition, Autobiographical Memory, and Creative Cognition

Abstract Retrieving information from memory can cause the forgetting of other information in memory, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting. Over the past 20 years, retrieval-induced forgetting has been observed in a variety of experimental contexts and has been argued to impact a number of cognitive and psychological processes. Not simply a laboratory phenomenon, retrieval-induced forgetting appears to have important implications for furthering our basic understanding of memory and behavior. In the present chapter, we provide a selective review of retrieval-induced forgetting in five contexts—learning and education, eyewitness memory, social cognition, autobiographical memory, and creative cognition—and discuss the importance of studying retrieval-induced forgetting in situations beyond the typical retrieval-practice paradigm.
Ethical Decision Making: Pressure and Uncertainty as Complicating Factors

This qualitative study examines social workers' ethical tension as they evaluate decisional capacity of elderly individuals experiencing some degree of cognitive impairment. An interview guide of open-ended questions was used with a convenience sample of 17 home health care social workers. Constant comparative analysis was used to examine factors contributing to ethical tension. Three areas emerged as highly relevant to participants ethical decisions: (1) clinical uncertainty, (2) pressure from other professionals, and (3) a combination of pressure from other professionals and clinical uncertainty. Clinical uncertainty was influenced by partial cognitive impairment, mental health problems, the interplay of health and mental health, and unclear etiology of poor decisional capacity. Pressure from other professionals typically involved issues of compliance and medical safety. Ethical tension was particularly strong when participants experienced both pressure from other professionals and clinical uncertainty.
Failure of fertilization following abbreviated copulation in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

In the first experiment, copulations in 10 domestic ferrets were interrupted 5 minutes after penetration. Ten control females were bred without interruption to the same males. Both control and experimental animals were rebred in the same manner to the same males 24 hours later. Sperm were present in all postcoital washes. We allowed all females from the first experiment to proceed to their expected date of parturition. All females who had been interrupted during copulation failed to conceive, whereas all controls produced litters. In a second experiment, the same procedure was followed; however, in this experiment, ferret oviducts and uteri were flushed 10 days after copulation. Nine control females (one failed to ovulate) averaged 5.2 blastocysts (range 2-10; S.D. = 5.8) per animal. Of nine interrupted copulation ferrets (one failed to ovulate), only one animal produced a single blastocyst. The interrupted copulation group averaged 4.4 unfertilized eggs (range 2-10; S.D. = 5.0) per female. Although ferrets ovulated during short copulations, those eggs are not likely to be fertilized.
Estimation of formation temperature from bottom‐hole temperature measurements: COST ♯1 well, Norton Sound, Alaska

We recently developed a numerical method, the Formation Temperature Estimation (FTE) model, to determine formation temperatures by inversion of borehole temperature (BHT) measurements (Cao et al., 1988a). For more than two BHT measurements, the FTE model can estimate (1) true formation temperature Tf, (2) mud temperature Tm at the time the mud circulation stops, (3) thermal invasion distance R into the formation before the formation is at the true formation temperature, (4) formation thermal conductivity K perpendicular to the borehole, and (5) efficiency factor F for mud heating in the borehole after mud circulation has stopped. The method optimizes three free parameters: τ (diffusion time‐scale), e (scaling parameter related to the thermal invasion distance R), and F* (normalized efficiency factor for mud heating.
Political Culture and Moral Literacy: Using Words to Create Better Workers.

Integrity is commonly conflated with basic literacy in assessments of the skills workers need. This case study of a word-based character education program in Springfield, Missouri examines how business leaders may blame a lack of skills by employees on a lack of moral literacy. The premise of this essay is that the expression of a literacy program by participating institutions will be influenced by the political culture of the region in which the institutions reside. Considering the influence of political culture on community literacy programs is important because such influence is likely to privilege certain sets of socio-political and economic values, and ways of knowing, over others.
Use of Soybean Production Surveys to Determine Weed Management Needs of South Carolina Farmers1

Soybean producers of South Carolina were surveyed in 2000 through mail and on-farm visits to determine which production practices limit seed yields the most. Production systems have direct implications on weed management practices, difficulties, and future problems. When asked to describe two extension and research focus areas that would improve current soybean production, the number one response was improved weed control strategies. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that weeds were the pest that most limited soybean yield. Sicklepod, Palmer amaranth, morningglory species, common cocklebur, yellow nutsedge, and Texas panicum were considered the most problematic weeds. More than half the producers (68%) used glyphosate-resistant soybean, with one-half of these farmers producing soybean in row widths > 51 cm. Of the farmers who grew conventional soybean, 10% used narrow rows (≤ 51 cm), whereas 22% used wide rows (> 51 cm). Only 27% of the farmers who planted glyphosate-resistant soybean used ...