cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Crystals and Glasses

We have investigated some of the aspects of the solidification of charged polystyrene spheres (polyballs) both theoretically and experimentally. We review the treatment of the interparticle interaction and test its validity with elastic constant measurements. The crystal structure is then calculated as a function of the ratio of the screening length to the particle separation, and the unusual melting properties are explored. When polydispersed systems of spheres are made the result is often a colloidal glass. We present some elementary calculations related to the occurrence of the glass phase and compare these results to the experimental observations.
The Ideal Intensive Care Unit for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) represent a diverse cohort with specific and wide-ranging healthcare needs especially within the intensive care unit (ICU). They require coordinated care with expertise from both pediatric and internal medicine realms in both primary and consultative roles. With data showing increased morbidity and mortality as compared to other populations, the details regarding care are especially important. Cardiologists with specific training in ACHD and a team of subspecialists able to care for specific needs are necessary to providing adequate care. Consultative services with multiple subspecialties should be available to deal with litany of other healthcare needs that may become relevant. With increased morbidity and mortality and as a growing population, this cohort has unique healthcare needs within the ICU. While no perfect ICU exists for ACHD patients, combining the expertise of pediatric and internal medicine knowledge with well-trained staff together constitutes the most ideal environment to care the ACHD population.
Robots for joy, robots for sorrow: community based robot design for dementia caregivers

Many new technologies are being built to support people with dementia. However, they largely focus on the people with dementia; consequently, informal caregivers, one of the most important stakeholders in dementia care, remain invisible within the technology design space. In this paper, we present a six-month long, community-based design research process where we collaborated with dementia caregiver support groups to design robots for dementia caregiving. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we broaden the context of dementia robot design to give a more prominent role to informal family care-givers in the co-design process. Second, we provide new design guidelines that contextualize robots within the family caregiving paradigm, which suggest new roles and behaviors of robots. These include lessening emotional labor by communicating information caregivees do not want to hear (e.g., regarding diet or medication) or providing redirection during emotionally difficult times, as well as facilitating positive shared moments. Third, our work found connections between certain robot attributes and their relationship to the stage of dementia a caregivee is experiencing. For example, caregivers wanted their robots to facilitate interaction with their caregivees in early stages of dementia, yet be in the background. However, for later stages of dementia, they wanted robots to replace caregiver-caregivee interaction to lessen their emotional burden, and be foregrounded. These connections provide important insights in to how we think about adaptability and long-term interaction in HRI. We hope our work provides new avenues for HRI researchers to studying robots for dementia caregivers by engaging in community-based design.
Evaluation of physicochemical and bioaccessibility properties of goji berry kombucha

Kombucha is an ancestral beverage that is made by fermentation of sweetened tea, involving symbiosis of acetic acid bacteria and yeast species. In this study, red goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) and black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) were selected as substrates for kombucha beverage production and their physicochemical, sensory and in vitro total phenolic and antioxidant bioaccesibility properties were compared to black tea kombucha. Total phenolic content of all kombucha samples fluctuated during fermentation and storage. All kombucha samples had higher antioxidant activity than their infusions. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in in vitro predigestion and postdigestion of samples observed as follows: black tea kombucha > black goji berry kombucha > red goji berry kombucha. Present study demonstrated that black goji berry and red goji berry fruits were suitable for kombucha beverage production. However, black goji berry kombucha was the most desirable beverage in all terms of sensory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Kombucha is an ancestral beverage that made by fermentation of sweetened tea, involving symbiosis of acetic acid bacteria and yeast species. It is accepted as functional beverage having antihypertrophic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and membrane stabilizing properties. Consumption of goji products has increased due to their claimed health benefits including the treatment of diseases related to liver, kidney, eyesight, immune system, and circulation. In this study, black and red goji berries were used for kombucha production in order to design a beverage with desirable sensory characteristic, high antioxidant activity as well as high bioaccessibility.
Reynolds number effect on drag control via spanwise wall oscillation in turbulent channel flows

The effect of Reynolds number (Reτ) on drag reduction using spanwise wall oscillation is studied through direct numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent channel flows with Reτ ranging from 200 to 2000. For the nondimensional oscillation period T+ = 100 with maximum velocity amplitude A+ = 12, the drag reduction (DR) decreases from 35.3% ± 0.5% at Reτ = 200 to 22.3% ± 0.7% at Reτ = 2000. The oscillation frequency ω+ for maximum DR slightly increases with Reτ, i.e., from ω+ ≈ 0.06 at Reτ = 200 to 0.08 at Reτ = 2000, with DRmax=23.2%±0.6%. These results show that DR progressively decreases with increasing Reτ. Turbulent statistics and coherent structures are examined to explain the degradation of drag control effectiveness at high Reτ. Fukagata, Iwamoto, and Kasagi analysis in combination with the spanwise wavenumber spectrum of Reynolds stresses reveals that the decreased drag reduction at higher Reτ is due to the weakened effectiveness in suppressing the near-wall large-scale turbulence, whose contribution continuously increases due to the enhanced modulation and penetration effect of the large-scale and very large-scale motions in the log and outer regions. Both the power-law model (DR∝Reτ−γ) and the log-law model [DR = f(Reτ, ΔB), where ΔB is the vertical shift of the log-law intercept under control] are examined here by comparing them with our simulation data, from these two models we predict more than 10% drag reduction at very high Reynolds numbers, say, Reτ = 105.The effect of Reynolds number (Reτ) on drag reduction using spanwise wall oscillation is studied through direct numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent channel flows with Reτ ranging from 200 to 2000. For the nondimensional oscillation period T+ = 100 with maximum velocity amplitude A+ = 12, the drag reduction (DR) decreases from 35.3% ± 0.5% at Reτ = 200 to 22.3% ± 0.7% at Reτ = 2000. The oscillation frequency ω+ for maximum DR slightly increases with Reτ, i.e., from ω+ ≈ 0.06 at Reτ = 200 to 0.08 at Reτ = 2000, with DRmax=23.2%±0.6%. These results show that DR progressively decreases with increasing Reτ. Turbulent statistics and coherent structures are examined to explain the degradation of drag control effectiveness at high Reτ. Fukagata, Iwamoto, and Kasagi analysis in combination with the spanwise wavenumber spectrum of Reynolds stresses reveals that the decreased drag reduction at higher Reτ is due to the weakened effectiveness in suppressing the near-wall large-scale turbulence, whose cont...
The Human UGT2B7 Nanodisc

The 20 uridine diphosphate glycosyl-transferases (UGTs) encoded in the human genome form an essential homeostatic network of overlapping catalytic functions that surveil and regulate the activity and clearance of scores of small molecule metabolites. Biochemical and biophysical UGT studies have been hampered by the inability to purify these membrane-bound proteins. Here, using cell-free expression and nanodisc technology, we assemble and purify to homogeneity the first UGT nanodisc-the human UGT2B7•nanodisc. The complex is readily isolated in milligram quantities. It is stable and its initial-rate parameters are identical within error to those associated with UGT2B7 in microsomal preparations (i.e., Supersomes). The high purity of the nanodisc preparation simplifies UGT assays, which allows complexities traditionally associated with microsomal assays (latency and the albumin effect) to be circumvented. Each nanodisc is shown to harbor a single UGT2B7 monomer. The methods described herein should be widely applicable to UGTs, and these findings are expected to set the stage for experimentalists to more freely explore the structure, function, and biology of this important area of phase II metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lack of access to pure, catalytically competent human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferases (UGTs) has long been an impediment to biochemical and biophysical studies of this disease-relevant enzyme family. Here, we demonstrate this barrier can be removed using nanodisc technology-a human UGT2B7•nanodisc is assembled, purified to homogeneity, and shown to have activity comparable to microsomal UGT2B7.
Relationship of rate of lean tissue growth and other factors to concentration of urea in plasma of pigs.

The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the relationship between plasma urea N concentrations (PUN) and lean tissue growth and 2) to compare the value of different variables, related to lean growth and renal function, to correct the relationship between dietary lysine concentration and PUN response for variation not related to amino acid adequacy. Forty-eight gilts (64.8 kg BW) were individually penned (blocks based on initial BW) for 50 d: a 10-d adjustment, a 35-d pretreatment, and a 5-d treatment period. During the pretreatment period, ADFI, urine specific gravity (SG), serum creatinine (SC), PUN, and daily fat-free carcass lean (DFFCL), empty body protein (DEBP), total carcass fat (DCF), and empty body lipid (DEBLI) depositions were measured. Partial correlation coefficients (ADFI effect removed) indicated a strong and inverse relationship between PUN and lean growth (DFFCL and DEBP) (r = -.88 and -.91, respectively, P .05) different (.656 vs > 678%, respectively). We conclude that 1) PUN concentrations have a potential value as an indicator of the efficiency of lean tissue growth and 2) pretreatment PUN is a useful variable to correct treatment PUN for variation not related to amino acid adequacy.
Finding the "True" N0 Cohort: Technical Aspects of Near-infrared Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To examine technical-, patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors associated with NIR guided SLN identification. BACKGROUND Missed nodal disease correlates with recurrence in early stage NSCLC. NIR-guided SLN mapping may improve staging and outcomes through identification of occult nodal disease. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 2 phase I clinical trials investigating NIR-guided SLN mapping utilizing ICG in patients with surgically resectable NSCLC. RESULTS In total, 66 patients underwent NIR-guided SLN mapping and lymphadenectomy after peritumoral ICG injection. There was significantly increased likelihood of SLN identification with injection dose ≥1 mg compared to <1 mg (65.2% vs 35.0%, P = 0.05), lung ventilation after injection (65.2% vs 35.0%, P = 0.05), and albumin dissolvent (68.1%) compared to fresh frozen plasma (28.6%) and sterile water (20.0%) (P = 0.01). In patients receiving the optimized ICG injection, there was significantly increased likelihood of SLN identification with radiologically solid nodules compared to sub-solid nodules (77.4% vs 33.3%, P = 0.04) and anatomic resection compared to wedge resection (88.2% vs 52.2%, P = 0.04). Disease-free and overall survival are 100% in those with a histologically negative SLN identified (n = 25) compared to 73.6% (P = 0.02) and 63.6% (P = 0.01) in patients with node negative NSCLC established via routine lymphadenectomy alone (n = 22). CONCLUSIONS SLN(s) are more reliably identified with ICG dose ≥1 mg, albumin dissolvent, post-injection lung ventilation, radiologically solid nodules, and anatomic resections. To date, N0 status when established via NIR SLN mapping seems to be associated with decreased recurrence and improved survival after surgery for NSCLC.
Ethics Versus Outcomes: Managerial Responses to Incentive-Driven and Goal-Induced Employee Behavior

Management plays an important role in setting the ethical tone in organizations. To support this aim, managers must use incentive and goal programs in ethical ways. This study examines experimentally the potential ethical costs associated with incentive-driven and goal-induced employee behavior from a managerial perspective. In a quasi-experimental setting, 243 MBA students with significant professional work experience evaluated a hypothetical employee’s ethical behavior under incentive pay systems modeled on a business case. In the role of the employee’s manager, participants evaluated the ethicality of the employee’s incentive-driven and goal-induced ethical or unethical behavior and the outcomes of the behavior, with consequences that were either favorable or unfavorable to the organization. The results indicated that participants discounted the ethical considerations of incentive-driven and goal-induced behavior when consequences were favorable to the organization. Participants’ morals and outcome orientations were also significantly related to their ethical judgments and intentions to intervene. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Patient Perspectives on the Quality of Professional Interpretation: Results from LASI Study

The use of professional interpretation is associated with improvements in overall healthcare of patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). For these patients, it is important to understand whether quality of professional interpretation in-person is preserved using remote interpretation modalities (video-conferencing, telephone). To compare patient perceptions of professional interpretation quality delivered in-person, via video-conferencing, or via telephone during in-person primary care clinical visits. Secondary analysis of a telephone survey conducted within 1 week after a primary care visit The 326 Chinese and Latino survey participants with LEP who reported using a professional interpreter—in-person, video medical conferencing (VMI), or telephone—during their visit Six items about the quality of interpretation: five detailed items scored as a scale, and a sixth overall quality item (range 1 = poor to 5 = excellent) While there was a range for all modalities, most patients reported “very good” or “excellent” quality on both the scale and the overall single quality measure. In adjusted analysis, patients rated VMI quality the highest, followed by in-person and then telephone on both the 5-item scale (adjusted means: VMI 3.91, in-person 3.86, telephone 3.73) and the overall single quality item (adjusted means: VMI 3.94, in-person 3.85, telephone 3.83); however, no two-way comparisons were statistically significant (p values ranged 0.15–0.95). Our results highlight that, overall, the interpretation experience among patients who used any type of professional interpretation was positive, and that the quality found with in-person interpretation is preserved for remote modalities. Health systems should consider a multimodality approach to interpreter service provision including options for accessing professional interpreters via all three modalities based on communication and access needs.
Biohybrid Systems for Improved Bioinspired, Energy-Relevant Catalysis

Biomimetic catalysts, ranging from small-molecule metal complexes to supramolecular assembles, possess many exciting properties that could address salient challenges in industrial-scale manufacturing. Inspired by natural enzymes, these biohybrid catalytic systems demonstrate superior characteristics, including high activity, enantioselectivity, and enhanced aqueous solubility, over their fully synthetic counterparts. However, instability and limitations in the prediction of structure-function relationships are major drawbacks that often prevent the application of biomimetic catalysts outside of the laboratory. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in synthetic enzyme models have improved our understanding of complicated biological enzymatic processes and enabled the production of catalysts with increased efficiency. This review outlines important developments and future prospects for the design and application of bioinspired and biohybrid systems at multiple length scales for important, biologically relevant, clean energy transformations.
Identifying and Measuring Expertise in Organizations

Although organizations might know that expertise is important for their overall success, many individuals responsible for hiring and Human Resource Development (HRD) in organizations still struggle to clearly identify expertise in employees or volunteers. This chapter begins with an explanation of the term competence in relation to expertise in order for readers to compare that definition to definitions of expertise presented throughout this text. Defining competence also provides an entrance into an introduction to competency models that are useful for organizations’ attempts to identify expertise in their workforce. The next section of the chapter presents six measures designed to measure expertise across a variety of fields. These measures are: the Professional Expertise Scale (Johanna v the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau Index of Performance (Weiss & Shanteau, Human Factors, 45, 104–114, 2003); the Expertise Measurement (Mieg, High Ability Studies, 20, 91–115, 2009); the Generalized Expertise Measure (Germain, Development and preliminary validation of a psychometric measure of expertise: The Generalized Expertise Measure (GEM) (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 2006); the Employee Expertise Development Scale (Kim, Development of the Employee Expertise Development Scale (EEDS) (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 2015); and the Adaptive Expertise Inventory (Bohle Carbonell et al., European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25, 167–180, 2016). Methods such as these can help improve organizational understanding of the behavioral and attitudinal correlates of verifiable, objective and subjective expertise, and the management of employees’ expertise. As such, the chapter concludes by asking organizations to consider taking up methods for assessing expertise.
Mapping Exile: Khodasevich’s ‘European Night’, 1922–1927

Abstract Using Vladislav Khodasevich’s 1927 collection ‘European Night’ (‘Evropeiskaia noch’’) as a case study, this article argues for the notion of travel as a new approach to the field of emigre literature. Khodasevich’s poems in ‘European Night’, marked with the dates and place of composition, and implicitly iterative of the contours of a Europe with which his original emigre audience was intimately familiar, represent both an autobiographical narrative and a cartographic attempt to sketch a conceptual map of European exile. Using four visualizations of the coordinates of Khodasevich’s travel, composition, place, and publication to investigate the poet’s experience and literary output in Europe during these years, I argue that the force of geography on literary production (literature in space) was especially active between 1922 and 1927. This article therefore makes the case for an atlas of the Russian emigration.
Self-reports of Substance Abusers: The Relation between Social Desirability and Social Network Variables

It is important to examine social desirability when interpreting self-report data from substance abusers. Social desirability is the tendency to respond on surveys that make people appear more favorable to others; thus, a strong desire for social approval is related to minimized reports of substance use. In the present study, the relationship between social desirability and different types of social support was examined within 582 residents of communal-living recovery homes (i.e., Oxford Houses). Although effect sizes were small, results may suggest that participants reported social network variables in a socially desirable manner; this tendency towards self-deception even predicted misrepresentations of these constructs eight months later. In addition, self-reports of the substance use habits of friends and family were more prone to social desirability than the reporting of other social network characteristics. Overall, it is suggested that social desirability might be taken into account when examining substance abusers' self-reports of social support variables.
Does Teacher Training for Refugees Contribute to Post-Conﬂict Reconstruction of Educational Systems? Evidence from West Africa

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) ran a successful refugee education program in Guinea for 17 years, serving Sierra Leonean and Liberian refugees. One aspect of that program included training thousands of refugees as teachers, school administrators, and classroom assistants. This report describes the research project carried out in early 2009 to trace those former refugee teachers and interview them about the inﬂuence of the trainings on their lives today, and to ﬁnd out whether they are currently contributing to the reconstruction of the postwar education systems in their home countries. The aim was to discover the perspective of former refugee teachers on the long-term effects of their training, as well as the challenges they faced reintegrating in their country of origin.
Verifying chemical reaction network implementations: A pathway decomposition approach

Abstract The emerging fields of genetic engineering, synthetic biology, DNA computing, DNA nanotechnology, and molecular programming herald the birth of a new information technology that acquires information by directly sensing molecules within a chemical environment, stores information in molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, processes that information by means of chemical and biochemical transformations, and uses that information to direct the manipulation of matter at the nanometer scale. To scale up beyond current proof-of-principle demonstrations, new methods for managing the complexity of designed molecular systems will need to be developed. Here we focus on the challenge of verifying the correctness of molecular implementations of abstract chemical reaction networks, where operation in a well-mixed “soup” of molecules is stochastic, asynchronous, concurrent, and often involves multiple intermediate steps in the implementation, parallel pathways, and side reactions. This problem relates to the verification of Petri nets, but existing approaches are not sufficient for providing a single guarantee covering an infinite set of possible initial states (molecule counts) and an infinite state space potentially explored by the system given any initial state. We address these issues by formulating a new theory of pathway decomposition that provides an elegant formal basis for comparing chemical reaction network implementations, and we present an algorithm that computes this basis. Our theory naturally handles certain situations that commonly arise in molecular implementations, such as what we call “delayed choice,” that are not easily accommodated by other approaches. We further show how pathway decomposition can be combined with weak bisimulation to handle a wider class that includes most currently known enzyme-free DNA implementation techniques. We anticipate that our notion of logical equivalence between chemical reaction network implementations will be valuable for other molecular implementations such as biochemical enzyme systems, and perhaps even more broadly in concurrency theory.
Diversity Jurisdiction and Trusts

The federal courts are currently divided on how to determine the diversity citizenship of trusts. Several circuits hold that trusts take the citizenship of their trustees. Another takes the citizenship of the trust’s beneficiaries, and yet another uses both the trustees and the beneficiaries. But beyond this circuit split, a more significant problem plagues the law in this area: The courts of appeals have failed to recognize the distinction between traditional and business trusts. The former — what is most commonly thought of as a trust — is a gift and estate planning tool. The latter is an alternative to incorporation, and is designed to run a business and generate profit for investors.In this Note, I examine the differences between traditional and business trusts in the context of federal diversity jurisdiction. After discussing the history of diversity jurisdiction and the nature of these two forms, I explore the current circuit split over the citizenship rules for trusts. I then propose a new rule that fits within the current Supreme Court case law in the field: Traditional trusts take the citizenship of their trustees, while business trusts take the citizenship of their members — the beneficiaries. Having proposed a rule that depends upon the type of trust at issue, I conclude by explaining that a trust can be classified by determining the primary purpose for which it was organized.
Infectivity of lambda heteroduplex deoxyribonucleic acid molecules.

Abstract Heteroduplex deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules were formed in vitro by denaturing and renaturing a mixture of DNAs from a variety of λ strains. The infectivity of these heteroduplexes was studied by using host-controlled modification and restriction to prevent infection by contaminating parental homoduplexes. Either strand was able to protect against degradation by restriction nucleases in vivo. A large proportion of progeny phage, which had been produced after infection with heteroduplexes containing noncomplementary base pairs at multiple loci, retained the genotype of one of the parental homoduplexes. The results indicate that conversion of heteroduplexes to homoduplexes in vivo by a DNA repair mechanism does not occur frequently. Molecules heterozygous for the c17 or vir operator mutations were not infectious; it is suggested that these mutations involve multiple base pairs.
Ionic Stress Technique with Individual Vt Measurements on a 144 K SRAM

The ability to quantitatively measure low levels of ionic species on board a functional product prior to shipment is a tremendous advantage when attempting to assure known good die for reliability. To achieve that goal a threshold measurement technique was developed on a 144K SRALI that allowed 26 individual PFET threshold voltage shifts to be individually assessed after an ionic stress. By measuring the total chip current increase as the input voltage on one inverter input stage is varied, the PFET or NFET threshold voltage can be observed. Repeatability was within $: 10 mv. The input inverter PFETs are stressed in the standard ionic reverse symmetric stress mode and the V, shifts observed. A suspected ionic contaminated PFET is "pushed down" (e.g., gate high with source drain and n-well low) to move the ionic contamination toward the silicon and enhance the V, shift and confim that the change is ionic in nature. Small V, shifts can be observed whnch are far below the functional fail point of the product. This test/stress methodology was implemented as a monitor for the level of ionic contamination. A separate personal-computer controlled test station was used to take measurements, compare data, perform an automatic push-down stress (if required) and summarize results. Modules are shippable after stress. This technique can also be extended for hot electron stressing and assessment of both NFETs and PFETs.
Attachment's Links With Adolescents' Social Emotions: The Roles of Negative Emotionality and Emotion Regulation

Recent research has attempted to explain the mechanisms through which parental attachment affects social and emotional outcomes (e.g., Burnette, Taylor, Worthington, & Forsyth, 2007 ; Panfile & Laible, 2012 ). The authors' goal was to examine negative emotionality and emotion regulation as mediators of the associations that attachment has with empathy, forgiveness, guilt, and jealousy. One hundred forty-eight adolescents reported their parental attachment security, general levels of negative emotionality and abilities to regulate emotional responses, and tendencies to feel empathy, forgiveness, guilt, and jealousy. Results revealed that attachment security was associated with higher levels of empathy, forgiveness, and guilt, but lower levels of jealousy. In addition, emotion regulation mediated the links attachment shared with both empathy and guilt, such that higher levels of attachment security were linked with greater levels of emotion regulation, which led to greater levels of empathy and guilt. Alternatively, negative emotionality mediated the links attachment shared with both forgiveness and jealousy, such that higher levels of attachment security were associated with lower levels of negative emotionality, which in turn was linked to lower levels of forgiveness and higher levels of jealousy. This study provides a general picture of how attachment security may play a role in shaping an individual's levels of social emotions.
Targeted inactivation of β1 integrin induces β3 integrin switching, which drives breast cancer metastasis by TGF-β

Mammary tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs cooperate in converting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from a suppressor to a promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Although previous reports associated β1 and β3 integrins with TGF-β stimulation of EMT and metastasis, the functional interplay and plasticity exhibited by these adhesion molecules in shaping the oncogenic activities of TGF-β remain unknown. We demonstrate that inactivation of β1 integrin impairs TGF-β from stimulating the motility of normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and elicits robust compensatory expression of β3 integrin solely in malignant MECs, but not in their normal counterparts. Compensatory β3 integrin expression also 1) enhances the growth of malignant MECs in rigid and compliant three-dimensional organotypic cultures and 2) restores the induction of the EMT phenotypes by TGF-β. Of importance, compensatory expression of β3 integrin rescues the growth and pulmonary metastasis of β1 integrin-deficient 4T1 tumors in mice, a process that is prevented by genetic depletion or functional inactivation of β3 integrin. Collectively our findings demonstrate that inactivation of β1 integrin elicits metastatic progression via a β3 integrin-specific mechanism, indicating that dual β1 and β3 integrin targeting is necessary to alleviate metastatic disease in breast cancer patients.
Single-Mode Projection Filters for Modal Parameter Identification for Flexible Structures

Single-mode projection filters are developed for eigensystem parameter identification from both analytical results and test data. Explicit formulations of these projection filters are derived using the orthogonal matrices of the controllability and observability matrices in the general sense. A global minimum optimization algorithm is applied to update the filter parameters by using the interval analysis method. The updated modal parameters represent the characteristics of the test data. For illustration of this new approach, a numerical simulation for the MAST beam structure is shown by using a one-dimensional global optimization algorithm to identify modal frequencies and damping. Another numerical simulation of a ten-mode structure is also presented by using a two-dimensional global optimization algorithm to illustrate the feasibility of the new method. The projection filters are practical for parallel processing implementation.
Dissociation of cell motility from cell proliferation in BALB-c-3T3 fibroblasts.

Abstract BALB/c-3T3 cells planted sparsely in a factor-free medium lacking serum growth factor(s) have substantial motility, yet few synthesize DNA or proliferate. Although these cells move rapidly in factor-free medium, the addition of dialysed serum further increased their motility demonstrating that they require a macromolecular serum factor(s) for maximal. motility. This motility increase was followed by the initiation of DNA synthesis and later by cell division, In contrast, an SV40-transformant not only proliferated but also exhibited near maximal motility in factor-free medium.
Telecommunication discussion groups for health services and medical research.

Abstract International university and research institute telecommunication links provide free or low-cost access to several computer networks (commercial and non-commercial). Previously used by science researchers, such networks are now used in clinical and social medicine. University affiliation, a personal computer, and a modem and software are needed. A host-computer, at a local computing centre, operates server software that automatically distributes information to subscribers. The server stores all messages in a monthly logbook that can be edited to produce an electronic magazine. The magazine can also be accessed by nonsubscribers. The software gives convenient, fast, single-key processing of messages and files and also allows on-line conferences. Discussion groups on several medical specialties and data bases for AIDS and other communicable diseases are already operating.
Adomian decomposition method with orthogonal polynomials: Legendre polynomials

This paper illustrates the using of orthogonal polynomials to modify the Adomian decomposition method. The method of employing Legendre polynomials to improve the Adomian decomposition method is presented here and compared to the method of using Chebyshev polynomials. The presented modified Adomian decomposition method is validated through an example and advantage as well as efficiency of this method is verified through investigating and comparing the results. In this paper, it is concluded that both orthogonal polynomials: Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials can be successfully used for the Adomian decomposition method and comparatively the Chebyshev expansion provides the better estimation.
SCALING TECHNIQUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COGNITION DATA

The utility of nonmetric, multidimensional-scaling techniques is demonstrated for the analysis and collection of environmental-cognition data. By comparing the multidimensional-scaling solutions of a real-setting map to scaling solutions for sketch maps and two psychophysical, distance-scaling procedures, we demonstrate that magnitude estimation of actual interpoint distances is comparable in accuracy to sketch maps when produced without constraints, or when subjects are given a specified list of landmarks to include on their maps. Triadic comparisons of actual interpoint distances were less accurate than the three other techniques.
Arteriovenous fistula after ventriculostomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 66-year-old woman was found unresponsive after complaining of severe headache several days prior. She was comatose upon initial evaluation and a cranial CT revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. A right posterior communicating artery aneurysm (figure, A, arrow) was successfully treated with endovascular embolization. Conventional angiography performed 7 days following ventriculostomy placement for hydrocephalus demonstrated interval development of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) filling by the middle meningeal artery (figure, C and D, arrows). The AVF was treated with intra-arterial embolization. Ventriculostomy-associated AVF has rarely been reported.1 Outcomes of untreated iatrogenic AVF are unknown, but could lead to hemorrhagic complications.
Photochemical initiated polymerization of single microdroplets

The production of polymeric microspheres via aerocolloidal processing is explored. A droplet consisting of a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane ethoxy triacrylate monomers was levitated electrodynamically in the path of an argon ion laser beam (λ=488 nm). The laser beam served as the source of illumination for elastic and inelastic light-scattering measurements. The reaction was followed by Raman spectroscopy, and polymerization was initiated with an α-amino acetophenone derivative which undergoes α-cleavage upon exposure to the laser light. The diameters of the suspended droplets were typically 20–80 μm, producing polymeric microspheres of approximately the same size. The size and refractive index of the product microspheres were determined by elastic light-scattering. The Raman data show the elimination of carbon-carbon double bonds and the formation of C−H bonds as rapid polymerization proceeded.
A guide to the RIA workshop data archive

During the course of the Reliable Information Access (RIA) workshop, a data archive was created to hold the outputs of the many experiments being done. This archive was designed to serve both as an organizational structure to support the researchers at the workshop itself and as a public archive of experimental retrieval results. This article describes the structure of the data in the archive and the ways in which the data may be accessed.
QUANTITATIVE RESPONSE OF THE RAT OVARY TO PITUITARY GONADOTROPIN AS MODIFIED BY ESTROGEN

A purified pituitary gonadotropin containing predominantly FSH activity was administered in graded closes to hypophysectomized and intact immature female rats, with and without concurrent administration of diethylstilbestrol in large doses. A more striking and consistent ovarian weight increase to pituitary gonadotropin, brought about through stimulation of early ovarian follicle development, regulation of further follicular progression, and depression of interstitial tissue overgrowth was observed in the diethylstilbestrol-treated hypophysectomized animals.
3D common-reflection-point-based seismic migration velocity analysis

Three-dimensional prestack depth migration and depth residual picking in common-image gathers (CIGs) are the most time-consuming parts of 3D migration velocity analysis. Most migration-based velocity analysis algorithms need spatial coordinates of reflection points and CIG depth residuals at different offsets (or angles) to provide updated velocity information. We propose a new algorithm that can analyze 3D velocity quickly and accurately. Spatial coordinates and orientations of reflection points are provided by a 3D prestack parsimonious depth migration; the migration involves only the time samples picked from the salient reflection events on one 3D common-offset volume. Ray tracing from the reflection points to the surface provides a common-reflection-point (CRP) gather for each reflection point. Predicted (nonhyperbolic) moveouts for local velocity perturbations, based on maximizing the stacked amplitude, give the estimated velocity updates for each CRP gather. Then the velocity update for each voxel in the velocity model is obtained by averaging over all predicted velocity updates for that voxel. Prior model constraints may be used to stabilize velocity updating. Compared with other migration velocity analyses, the traveltime picking is limited to only one common-offset volume (and needs to be done only once); there is no need for intensive 3D prestack depth migration. Hence, the computation time is orders of magnitude less than other migration-based velocity analyses. A 3D synthetic data test shows the algorithm works effectively and efficiently.
Entropy of liquid helium from fountain-effect measurements

Abstract Measurements of the fountain effect in liquid helium by a new technique are reported for the temperature range 0.94 K to 1.56 K. The technique uses a coaxial capacitor as a sensitive level indicator. The level differences are measured for temperature differences of a few μK to about 1.5 mK. Entropy values for liquid helium are derived, which have an accuracy of ± 1.1% and a precision of ± 0.1%. The entropy values arrived at are compared with those obtained by other methods.
Turning on a dimer: New insights into MLL chimeras

Abstract In this issue of Cancer Cell , So et al. (2003) demonstrate a novel mechanism for the oncogenic activity of MLL chimeric proteins. By providing coiled-coil or other dimerization domains, the cytoplasmic partners of MLL fusion proteins donate a platform for MLL homodimerization, allowing recruitment of accessory factors needed to activate the critical downstream targets, including selected subsets of the major HOX genes.
Auctions with intermediaries: extended abstract

Inspired by online advertisement exchange systems, we study a setting where potential buyers of a unique, indivisible good attempt to purchase from a central seller via a set of intermediaries. Each intermediary has captive buyers, and runs an auction for a 'contingent' good. Based on the outcome, the intermediary bids in a subsequent upstream auction run by the seller. In this paper, we study the equilibria and incentives of intermediaries and the central seller.We find that combining the notion of optimal auction design with the double-marginalization arising from the presence of intermediaries yields new strategic elements not present in either setting individually: we show that in equilibrium, revenue-maximizing intermediaries will use an auction with a randomized reserve price chosen from an interval. We characterize the interval and the probability distribution from which this reserve price is chosen as a function of the distribution of buyers' types. Furthermore, we characterize the revenue maximizing auction for the central seller by taking into account the effect of his choice of mechanism on the mechanisms offered by the intermediaries. We find that the optimal reserve price offered by the seller decreases with the number of buyers (but remains strictly positive); in contrast to the classical optimal auction without intermediaries, where the reserve price is independent of the number of buyers.
The TEACCH Program in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice

'Evidence-based practice' as initially defined in medicine and adult psychotherapy had limited applicability to autism interventions, but recent elaborations of the concept by the American Psychological Association (Am Psychol 61: 271-285, 2006) and Kazdin (Am Psychol 63(1):146-159, 2008) have increased its relevance to our field. This article discusses the TEACCH program (of which the first author is director) as an example of an evidence-based practice in light of recent formulations of that concept.
The possible role of endogenous amphiphiles in the membrane abnormalities of ischemic and reperfused myocardium

Abstract Calcium entry into cardiac cells is believed to be controlled by transmembrane-voltage dependent, protein regulated “channels”. The sarcoplasmic reticulum participates in the regulation of cytosolic calcium by ATP dependent Ca2+ sequestration during diastole, and by action potential stimulated calcium release. Massive calcium overloading occurs during reperfusion following myocardial ischemia. Calcium overloading activates phospholipases, which may activate another mechanism involved in lethal cellular injury, that is, the accumulation of long chain fatty acids and their derivatives. These compounds are soluble amphiphiles, and once liberated, they may insert into biological membranes and change membrane composition, physiology, and response to ions and drugs. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were used as an in vitro model to study the effects of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and palmitylcarnitine on the ability of this membrane system to sequester calcium within the vesicles. In the absence of phosphate, palmitic acid enhanced the ability of the vesicles to sequester calcium. Oleic acid and palmitylcarnitine inhibited calcium sequestration. In the presence of phosphate, palmitic acid also inhibited the sequestration of calcium by sarcoplasmic reticulum, although not as severely as oleic acid and palmitycarnitine. These results suggest that the disturbances in cellular calcium homeostasis following ischemia may be due, in part, to the incorporation of accumulated long chain fatty acids into membranes.
Structural defects in chromium-ion-implanted vitreous silica.

Les spectres de resonance paramagnetique electronique et d'absorption optiques sont mesures + 9,7 GHz enre 5 et 8 eV. Le pic detecte autour de 7,5 eV dont l'intensite croit avec l'augmentation de la dose est attribue a une liaison Si-Si similaire a celle de la molecule Si 2 H 6 . Caracterisation de deux defauts paramagnetiques et determination de leur profil de concentration. Leur analyse permet de supposer que l'oxygene est deplace en direction du faisceau d'ions et qu'ils constituent une paire de Frenkel
Mycorrhizae and forest ecosystems

Mycorrhizae play an important role in regulating patterns of energy and nutrient flux in terrestrial ecosystems. To conceptualize this role I develop the theory behind a simple index of the efficiency of soil resource acquisition by plant root systems (E). The morphological, physiological and demographic characteristics of mycorrhizae that define E appear to vary with environment and with plant community composition. This theory is elaborated with examples drawn from forest ecology literature. Some inconsistencies among observations of fine root dynamics are particularly revealing: (1) belowground carbon allocation vs soil fertility; (2) causes of root mortality; (3) root longevity vs decomposition rates. A comprehensive theory of mycorrhizal and ecosystem dynamics must await resolution of these inconsistencies and better quantitative information on mycorrhizal features affecting E.
Genetic attributions and mental illness diagnosis: effects on perceptions of danger, social distance, and real helping decisions

Genetic essentialism suggests that beliefs in genetic causes of mental illness will inflate a desire for social distance from affected individuals, regardless of specific disorder. However, genetic contingency theory predicts that genetic attributions will lead to an increased desire for social distance only from persons with disorders who are perceived as dangerous. To assess the interactive effect of diagnosis and attribution on social distance and actual helping decisions across disorders. Undergraduate students (n = 149) were randomly assigned to read one of the six vignettes depicting a person affected by one of the three disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression) with either a genetic or environmental causal attribution for disorder. Participants completed measures of perceived dangerousness, social distance, empathic concern, familiarity with mental illness, and actual helping decisions. When provided with genetic attributions, participants’ desire for social distance was greater for targets with schizophrenia relative to targets with depression or bipolar disorder. This effect was mediated by perceived dangerousness. The indirect effect of diagnosis on helping decisions, through social distance, was significant within the genetic attribution condition. Consistent with genetic contingency theory, genetic attributions for schizophrenia, but not affective disorders, lead to greater desire for social distance via greater perceived dangerousness. Further, results suggest that genetic attributions decrease the likelihood of helping people with schizophrenia, but have no effect on the likelihood of helping people with affective disorders. These effects are partially accounted for by desired social distance from people with schizophrenia.