cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Olfactory receptor neurons exist as distinct subclasses of immature and mature cells in primary culture.

Abstract The processes of neuronal differentiation and survival are key questions in neurobiology. The olfactory system possesses unique regenerative capacity, as its neurons are continually replaced throughout adulthood from a maintained population of precursor cells. Primary cultures of olfactory epithelium enriched in olfactory neurons would provide a useful model to study the processes of neurogenesis, differentiation and senescence. To determine whether immature olfactory neurons could be isolated in primary culture and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these processes, culture conditions which selectively favored the presence of immature olfactory neurons were optimized. Using low plating densities, a population of cells was identified which, by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, demonstrated messages for olfactory neuronal markers, including G olf , olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel and olfactory marker protein, as well as the p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that these putative immature olfactory neurons possessed immunoreactivity to G olf , neuron-specific tubulin, neural cell adhesion molecule, synaptophysin and neurofilament. These neurons were defined as olfactory receptor neuron-1 cells. Under these conditions, a separate class of rarely occurring cells with different morphology demonstrated immunoreactivity to mature markers, such as adenylyl cyclase III and olfactory marker protein. Electrophysiologically, these cells displayed properties consistent with those of acutely dissociated olfactory receptor neurons. Another class of rarer cells which represented less than 2% of cells in culture demonstrated immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein. These cultures can serve as a model for in vitro analysis of olfactory receptor neuronal development and maintenance, and provide a potential substrate for the development of cell lines.
Salinger's A Perfect Day for Bananafish

(2008). Salinger's A Perfect Day for Bananafish. The Explicator: Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 149-150.
Third-order partial differential equations arising in the impulsive motion of a flat plate

Abstract We obtain numerical solutions to a class of third-order partial differential equations arising in the impulsive motion of a flat plate for various boundary data. In particular, we study the case of constant acceleration of the plate, the case of oscillation of the plate, and a case in which velocity is increasing yet acceleration is decreasing. We compare the numerical solutions with the known exact solutions in order to establish the validity of the method. Several figures illustrating both solution forms and the relative strength of the second and third-order terms are presented. The results obtained in this study reveal many interesting behaviors that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian fluid flow phenomena.
The reproductive success of wealthy Americans

Abstract The reproductive success of a sample of wealthy Americans exceeds that of the general U.S. population. These Americans have more children than do their age-matched counterparts, and the survivorship of these children is very high. These wealthy Americans appear equally likely to have sons as to have daughters.
A method for distinguishing ionized, complexed and protein-bound Mg in normal and diseased subjects

Altura BT, Altura B.M. A method for distinguishing ionized, complexed and protein-bound Mg in normal and diseased subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 54, Suppl 217: 83-7.Since 1932, it has been known that Mg exists in blood in several forms: protein-bound, complexed to certain anions, and ionized. However, there is discrepancy and debate on what these fractions are, how to accurately assess them, and whether they are important in diagnosis and prognosis of disease syndromes. Using the NOVA ISE for IMg2+, a controlled method for ultrafiltration of Mg and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, we have found four distinct fractions of Mg in healthy normal plasma and serum: 1. ultrafilterable Mg (81%)(made up of ionized and complexed); 2. ionized Mg (67%); 3. protein-bound Mg (19%); and 4. complexed Mg (14%). The amount of each fraction appears to depend upon the pathophysiologic state of the patient. Previous observations on the amount of complexed and ionized Mg are, at best, only approximations, due to t...
In a State

There has been considerable discussion of the decline of the nation-state. It is important, however, to set claims that the nation-state is in decline in historical context and to distinguish processes of state adaptation to crises from changes in the power of the state. The popularity of anti-state rhetoric in the 1980s and 1990s led many to confuse changes in the modes of state activity, of which there is much evidence, with a decline in the significance of the state, for which there is much less evidence.
Differential regulation of MMP-2 in the gastrohepatic ligament of the gastroesophageal junction

Introduction Ligamentous attachments maintain the normal anatomic position of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Failure of these elastic ligaments through an alteration in collagen synthesis, deposition, and metabolism may be a primary etiology of hiatal hernia formation. Differential expression of zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is largely responsible for collagen remodeling. The purpose of this study was to survey baseline levels of MMPs in supporting ligaments of the GE junction from patients without hiatal hernia.
TH-C-I-609-10: Computerized Classification of Non-Biopsied Lesions Seen On Breast Ultrasound

Purpose: To investigate the performance of a computerized lesion classification scheme in a realistic testing protocol resembling clinical practice. Computerized classification of breast lesions has generally been tested on lesions of biopsy-proven pathology. In that fashion, the known pathology serves as the truth in the performance evaluation of the computer. In practice, however, many patients are never sent to biopsy because their lesions are deemed to be most likely benign. In order for a computerized classification scheme to be useful and its results believable to the radiologists, it needs to be able to classify those lesions correctly. Method and Materials: We investigated the performance of our computerized lesion segmentation and classification scheme. There were 42 images of 11 cancerous lesions, 114 images of 30 biopsy-proven benign lesions (including both cystic and solid lesions), and 243 images of 57 lesions that to date have not been sent to biopsy (including suspected cysts, benign solid lesions, and other benign breast disease). The computer was trained on the biopsy-proven set and we performed stepwise feature selection to obtain a 4-feature subset that best distinguished malignant from biopsy-proven benign lesions. The computer scheme was tested on the non-biopsy cases, and the ability to distinguish these from the cancers in the training set was assessed. Results: The area under the ROC curve (Az value) was 0.96 for the training of the scheme on biopsy-proven pathologies in the distinction between cancers and benign lesions. The Az value was 0.93 for testing in the distinction between cancers and non-biopsy-proven benign lesions. Conclusion: Our computerized classification scheme shows promising performance in a testing protocol that is more representative of its intended use in clinical practice than the typical testing on lesions with biopsy-proven pathology only. COI: grants: USPHS and U.S. Army. Shareholder: R2 Technology (last author)
Are there gender differences in DSM-IV personality disorders?

This study examined gender differences in DSM-IV personality disorders (PD) in outpatients. Structured diagnostic interviews were reliably administered to a consecutive series of 145 outpatients with a primary axis I diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED). To further reduce variability due to heterogeneity of axis I, a subgroup of 75 patients with co-occurring major depressive disorder (MDD) was retested for gender differences. Overall, the proportion of males (34.4%) and females (27.4%) diagnosed with any PD did not significantly differ. Specific PD diagnoses were not differentially distributed by gender in the overall study group of patients with BED or in the subgroup of patients with BED and MDD, except for antisocial PD in males.
Immunochemical characterization of the specificities of two human monoclonal IgM's reacting with chondroitin sulfates.

Abstract We have studied the specificities of two human monoclonal, IgM containing sera, s/IgM MAC and s/IgM FIS , from patients with polyneuropathy. s/IgM MAC precipitates only with chondroitin sulfate C and not with A and B whereas s/IgM FIS is precipitated by chondroitins A, B (dermatan sulfate), and C. Inhibition assays using 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3- O -(4-deoxy-β- l - threo -hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid)- d -galactose and its 6- and 4-sulfate derivatives showed that the disaccharide 6-sulfate was the best inhibitor of precipitation of s/IgM MAC by chondroitin sulfate C, and the disaccharide 4-sulfate the best inhibitor of precipitation of s/IgM FIS by either chondroitin sulfates C or B. The nonsulfated disaccharide was a good inhibitor in each instance. d -Glucose 6-sulfate, Na 2 SO 4 , several sugar phosphates, and phosphate buffer also inhibited but to different extents with the s/IgM MAC and s/IgM FIS . All studies were carried out in 0.15 m NaCl. The data indicate that both monoclonal proteins are antibodies comparable to the phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma proteins, and that the reactions show specificities above and beyond charge effects. The relation of various cross-reacting macromolecules to the monoclonal antibody was studied by diffusion in gels.
Does "Nationally" Normed Really Mean Nationally?.

This paper deals with a type of bias not previously discussed in studies of nationally standardized achievement tests, and which has nothing to do with racial, cultural, ethnic, linguistic, sex bias, or any of the common variants thereof. Rather, it deals with what could perhaps best be called a self-selection bias. The central hypothesis is that certain kinds of school districts select certain kinds of achievement tests, and that this tendency has important psychometric and instructional consequences. The study's origin lies in indications that "randomly selected" districts in the major test publishers' actual norming samples are not, in fact, random; rather, they constitute a very different set of districts from the original random sample of districts drawn for such norming samples. In three recent major norming studies, the percentage of originally invited districts which ultimately took part in the norming ranged from a low of approximately 13% to a high of approximately 32%, while the other 68 to 87% of the invited districts declined to participate. Sometimes several districts per cell in the stratified "random" sample design were invited simultaneously, and any responding district was included in the sample. While at times a replacement district for a particular vacant cell in the sample design was found, in other instances, cells were never filled. The situation, in simple terms, is that in the course of this imprecise approach to "random" sampling, a serious weakness develops which allows, or even fosters, the tendency for certain kinds of districts to select themselves for inclusion in the norming study. Such self-selection results in a previously unnoted distortion of significant importance in test publishers' norming studies. This general trend of "self-selection" leads to several distinct but related hypotheses: A district's likelihood of agreeing to participate in a national norming study of a standardized achievement test is dependent upon that district's (1) use either of (a) that same achievement test series in an earlier edition (same test), or (b) any achievement test series from the same publisher (same test publisher); (2) use of instructional materials from that same test publisher or its parent company (same instructional materials publisher). Extensive review utilizing an ERIC computer search of journal articles, documents, and reports, as well as personal communication with about a thousand school districts
On paths in planar graphs

This paper generalizes a theorem of Thomassen on paths in planar graphs. As a corollary, it is shown that every 4-connected planar graph has a Hamilton path between any two specified vertices x, y and containing any specified edge other than xy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Specialization and utilization after hepatectomy in academic medical centers

Background Specialized procedures such as hepatectomy are performed by a variety of specialties in surgery. We aimed to determine whether variation exists among utilization of resources, cost, and patient outcomes by specialty, surgeon case volume, and center case volume for hepatectomy.
Application of a freeze-thaw technique to studies of radiation-induced cell transformation.

(1988). Application of a Freeze-thaw Technique to Studies of Radiation-induced Cell Transformation. International Journal of Radiation Biology: Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 825-827.
Combinatorics on Ideals and Forcing with Trees

Classes of forcings which add a real by forcing with branching conditions are examined, and conditions are found which guarantee that the generic real is of minimal degree over the ground model. An application is made to almost-disjoint coding via a real of minimal degree.
Sensitivity analysis for variational inequalities

In this paper we study the behavior of the local solutions of perturbed variational inequalities, governed by perturbations to both the variational inequality function and the feasible region. Assuming appropriate second-order and regularity conditions, we show that the perturbed local solution set is Lipschitz continuous and directionally differentiable. Even when the directional differentiability is not guaranteed, we are still able to describe and characterize first-order information concerning the perturbed local solution set. We also discuss relations to nonlinear programming sensitivity analysis.
Bayesian Multiscale Modeling of Spatial Infrastructure Performance Predictions with an Application to Electric Power Outage Forecasting

A number of models have been developed to estimate the spatial distribution of infrastructure impact during a natural hazard event. For example, statistical approaches have been developed to estimate the percentage of customers without power attributable to a hurricane, with the estimates made at a local geography level such as census tracts. Whereas some statistical infrastructure performance models use extensive covariate data that captures a significant amount of the spatial information, others use a limited number of covariates to enhance model simplicity and to reduce the cost and time associated with obtaining these data. However, in these simpler models, the omitted covariates result in loss of spatial information in the model, leading to a situation in which predictions from adjacent regions are more dissimilar than would be expected. In this paper, a tree-based statistical mass-balance multiscale model is developed to smooth the outage predictions at granular levels by allowing spatially similar areas to inform one another with the goals of: (1) reducing spatial error in simplified prediction models, and (2) yielding estimates at other levels of aggregation in addition to the native model resolution. A generalized density-based clustering algorithm is used to extract the hierarchical spatial structure. The noise regions (i.e., those regions located in sparse areas) are then aggregated using a distance-based clustering approach. The authors demonstrate this approach using outage predictions from Hurricane Ivan and develop outage prediction maps at different levels of granularity. Language: en
Bubble Nucleation During Oxidation of SiC

Oxidation of SiC at 1400°C–1700°C produces carbon monoxide (CO), which can form bubbles at the interface between the substrate and the silica (SiO2) overgrowth. The bubbles add complexity to the mechanistic understanding of the oxidation process. We analyze the kinetics of bubble formation, where the driving force for their nucleation depends on the partial pressure of CO while their growth is determined by the viscosity of silica. The mechanism bears analogy to oxygen migrating from the atmosphere into superalloys, and reacting with carbide precipitates at the grain boundaries to nucleate bubbles of carbon monoxide, or hydrogen migrating into carbon-steel to form methane. The unique feature of the present case is the ability of silica to release the gas pressure within the bubbles by viscous flow, and then, to heal the crater that is left behind. As the bubbles grow out from the interface and escape into the atmosphere, they can expose bare surface to the atmosphere rendering silicon carbide vulnerable to active oxidation. The relative significance of the mechanisms of oxidation of SiC is presented in the form of an oxidation map, where atmospheric pO2 and oxidation temperature are the experimental variables. We discover that experiments often lie in the regime of bubble formation.
PHOSPHOLIPID PEROXIDATION INDUCES CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ACTIVITY : MEMBRANE EFFECTS VERSUS ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION

Abstract Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) is a signal-responsive enzyme that is highly selective to the nature of phospholipid substrates. A mechanism for cPLA 2 activity regulation through a signal transduction pathway has been proposed and this signaling appears to be influenced by oxidants. Oxidant-mediated signaling of PLA 2 may serve as an alternative mechanism for enzyme regulation; however, the manner of regulation has yet to be delineated. In this report we demonstrate that there is a direct effect of membrane oxidation on cPLA 2 phosphorylation and activity. A simple in vitro system consisting of purified cPLA 2 and phospholipid vesicles was used to facilitate protein kinase C (PKC) activity and provide substrates for cPLA 2 . Using these vesicles we found that the activity of cPLA 2 was enhanced twofold when the vesicles contained as little as 5 mol% phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PLPCOOH). The order of hydrolytic preference for fatty acyl species was 20:4 > 18:2 > 18:1 > 16:0, and the presence of PLPCOOH stimulated hydrolysis largely of phosphatidylcholine containing 20:4. The Ca 2+ concentrations required for stimulated hydrolytic activity were also twofold lower for oxidized compared to unoxidized vesicles. Using phospholipid micelles as substrates, PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cPLA 2 increased hydrolytic activity 71% compared to preparations lacking PKC. Using phospholipid vesicles as substrates, PKC-mediated phosphorylation resulted in an 85% increase in cPLA 2 activity compared to preparations without PKC. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cPLA 2 , therefore, stimulates catalytic activity toward membrane phospholipids and the extent of activation is enhanced directly by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and involves a peroxide-induced stimulation of cPLA 2 phosphorylation.
Neaumycin: A New Macrolide from Streptomyces sp. NEAU-x211

Neaumycin, a new 30-membered macrolide featuring an internal diester bridge, a molecular architecture that is unprecedented among known macrolide natural products, was isolated from a soil actinomycete strain Streptomyces sp. NEAU-x211. The structure of neaumycin was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive mass and NMR spectroscopic interpretation, including the relative stereochemistry of four independent coupling systems.
Phonetic inventories of 2- and 3-year-old children

This report provides quasi-longitudinal independent analysis data on two groups of 10 children at 2:0 (years:months), 2:5, 2:9, and 3:3. The analysis included word-initial and word-final phonetic inventories of consonant singletons and clusters and a summary of the relative frequency of seven word shapes. The results indicated that these children were gradually "filling in the gaps" with sounds previously reported to be lacking in slightly younger children.
Web-based resources enhance hydrogen safety knowledge

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Program addresses key technical challenges and institutional barriers facing the development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies with the goal of decreasing dependence on oil, reducing carbon emissions and enabling reliable power generation. The Safety, Codes & Standards program area seeks to develop and implement the practices and procedures that will ensure safety in the operation, handling and use of hydrogen and hydrogen systems for all projects and utilize these practices and lessons learned to promote the safe use of hydrogen. Enabling the development of codes and standards for the safe use of hydrogen in energy applications and facilitating the development and harmonization of international codes and standards are integral to this work. Web-based resources play a key role in reaching, educating and informing stakeholders whose contributions will help enable the deployment of new hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. This paper surveys eight web-based tools, each targeted to a specific stakeholder audience, that are integral resources for information on hydrogen-related safety, codes and standards work in the Fuel Cell Technologies Program. • Hydrogen Incident Reporting and Lessons Learned ( http://h2incidents.org ) • Hydrogen Safety Best Practices ( http://h2bestpractices.org ) • Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database ( http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/biblio_database.html ) • Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders ( http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/firstresponders.html ) • Introduction to Hydrogen for Code Officials ( http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/training/code_official_training/ ) • Permitting Hydrogen Facilities ( http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/permitting/ ) • Safety Training for Researchers ( http://www.h2labsafety.org/ ) • Technical Reference for Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials ( http://www.sandia.gov/matlsTechRef/ ) The development and use of each safety knowledge tool is described.
Ontogeny of early diving and foraging behavior of northern fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus ) pups from Bering Island, Russia

The ontogeny of diving and foraging behavior of northern fur seal pups from a stable population on Bering Island, Russia, was recorded with animal-borne instruments during their first few months at sea, a critical period during their first year at sea. Thirty-five pups were instrumented with satellite-linked time-depth recorders and stomach temperature pills. Diving occurred predominantly at night with deeper and longer dives as the pups matured. Mean dive depths were correlated with lunar illumination, whereas mean dive durations were also correlated with time of day and sex. Foraging success did not differ between sexes, and there was no relationship between meal size (as indicated by feeding event duration and minimum stomach temperature) and lunar illumination fraction or maximum foraging depth. Although most pups were able to successfully forage within 3 days of starting their migration, the number of feeding events recorded each day remained low (mean 1.6 events day−1). There was no indication of an appreciable increase in meal size after the first 2 weeks of the migration despite an increase in dive frequency and depth. The results are consistent with observations that pups do not gain mass during their first year and emphasize the risk of starvation from infrequent foraging in cold water.
Newborn jaundice and kernicterus--health and societal perspectives.

Kernicterus, a preventable injury to the brain from severe neonatal jaundice, has re-emerged in the United States as a public and societal health concern. Kernicterus, in its usually recognized form, causes devastating disabilities, including athetoid cerebral palsy and speech and hearing impairment. This condition not only ranks amongst the highest cost per new case (per CDC’s Financial Burden of Disability study, 1992), but also results in profound and uncompromising grief for the family and loss to siblings of healthy, talkative playmates. And for the child with kernicterus (usually remarkably intelligent, but trapped in an uncontrollable body), grief and frustration are enormous. In 2001 national healthcare organizations, including Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JACHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued alerts to all accredited hospitals and public health professionals in the United States that all healthy infants are at potential risk of kernicterus if their newborn jaundice is unmonitored and inadequately treated. The re-emergence of kernicterus in the United States is the result of interacting phenomena including (a) Early hospital discharge (before extent of jaundice is known and signs of impending brain damage have appeared); (b) Lack of adequate concern for the risks of severe jaundice in healthy term and near newborns; (c) An increase in breast feeding; (d) Medical care cost constraints; (e) Paucity of educational materials to enable parents to participate in safeguarding their newborns; and (f) Limitations within in healthcare systems to monitor the outpatient progression of jaundice. A multidisciplinary approach that encompasses both healthcare and societal needs should be evaluated at a national level for practical and easy to implement strategies. An approach that is based on principles of evidence-based medicine, patient-safety and family centeredness is presented in this article. These strategies should also be based on public awareness campaign such that the healthcare providers can attempt to achieve a “Zero Tolerance of Kernicterus” and thereby decrease both childhood disabilities and infant mortality within the community.
The 2 1A1 state of cis-hexatriene vapor: Resonance Raman spectra

Abstract Raman spectra have been obtained on resonance with the 2 1 A 1 state of room temperature cis-1,3,5-hexatriene vapor at 290.8 nm. Overtones and combination bands of totally symmetric stretching and bending modes, both alone and in combination with an interval probably assignable as the overtone of the lowest frequency skeletal bending mode of b 1 symmetry, are strongly enhanced. Vibrational intervals tentatively assigned to the a 2 and b 2 methylene torsions are also observed, consistent with a large change in the force constant for CH 2 twisting in the 2 1 A 1 state.
Effects of sera on bone resorption in tissue culture

Unheated-normal rabbit and rat sera stimulate bone resorption in tissue culture. The magnitude of this effect is enhanced when the sera were incubated with an antigen-antibody precipitate. Sera heated prior to treatment with antigen-antibody precipitate had no effect on bone resorption. The stimulation of bone resorption by sera was associated with osteoclast formation. Our results are consistent with a heat labile factor in some sera which stimulates bone resorption. Whether this factor is a component of complement or not is not answered by our studies.
Study of some factors related to intelligence

From the factorial analysis of a battery of nineteen individual tests seven factors were obtained, six of them being interpreted. Some of these factors are probably related to similar ones isolated in different batteries and by different authors. The testProgressive Matrices here analyzed is loaded in some of the factors, as was expected according to the nature of its problems and to previous experience with the test. The loadings of the tests and of the factors in the second-order factors are given. It is expected that this extension of factor theory will prove useful for the isolation of more fundamental psychological parameters, although at present it is difficult to evaluate precisely the theoretical and practical implications of this aspect of factor analysis.
A longitudinal analysis of information source utilization

Research on various information sources and their relationships to the diffusion process has been extensive and representative of several theoretical positions. Despite many diverse, empirical investigations of information sources and the communication of innovations, the longitudinal analysis of the combination of information sources used by the adopting population has received relatively less attention. The purpose of the research reported here was to test several hypotheses concerned with longitudinal information source utilization by the population adopting a retail innovation.
Characterization of peanut-lectin (+) cells derived from the RCCT-28A cell line

Characterization of peanut-lectin (+) cells derived from the RCCT-28A cell line. Cells from RCCT-28A cell line, which exhibited the highest peanut-lectin binding capacity [RCCT-28A(P+)] were separated and cultured attempting to obtain a population of HCO 3 - secreting cells. The mechanisms of apical solution acid or base extrusion were studied in confluent monolayers. In RCCT-28A (P+) cells net H + flux (J H +, nmol · min -1 · cm -2 ) was significantly lower (J H + = 13 ± 3) than that observed in the RCCT-28A cells (21 ± 2). N-ethylmaleimide, Bafilomycin-A, omeprazole and Schering 28080 decreased J H +. Cl - removal from the basolateral side, in the presence or absence of SCH in the apical side, decreased J H +. Removal of apical Cl - abolished apical extrusion of base-equivalents. Incubation in a high bicarbonate solution results in base-equivalent flux to the apical side (J H + = -7.0 ± 1.0). Preincubation in a hyperosmotic medium (mannitol addition) at pH 7.5 decreased J H + to -3.0 ± 1.0. We conclude that, functionally, RCCT-28A(P+) cells are only quantitatively different from RCCT-28A cells. Acid secretion by these cells can be modulated by alkaline and by hyperosmolar preincubation and is most likely mediated by coexistent of apical H + -ATPase and H + ,K + -ATPase. The main mechanism of net OH - secretion appears to be Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange at the apical side.
Heterochromatic variants and their association with neoplasias. II. Preleukemic states.

Abstract A study of the heteromorphism of chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was performed in the cells of 55 normal subjects and in those of 40 preleukemic patients including those with refractory anemia (RA) and sideroblastic anemia (SA), classified on the basis of the FAB nomenclature. Heteromorphism was present in 85% of the preleukemic patiens, compared with 44% in normal controls (p
Comparison of 7FJ←5DO emission spectra for Eu(III) in crystalline environments of octahedral, near-octahedral, and trigonal symmetry

Abstract Isotropic 7FJ←5DO emission spectra are reported for Eu(III) in four different crystalline system. These systems differ with respect to Eu(III) site symmetry, coordination number, coordination geometry, and the chemical nature of the coordinated ligands. Comparison between the spectra obtained on these systems reveal major differences in the relative intensities of the 7FJ←5DO emission, and these differences are discussed in terms of ligand modulated 4f — 4f intensity mechanism.
Surface Failure of Commercial and Experimental Restorative Resins

The mode of surface failure of commercial and experimental restorative resins and composites was evaluated with a single-pass sliding test. The wear of restorative resins and composites is determined by the resistance of the material to penetration and by the mode of deformation during sliding.
Don't Even Ask! A Two-Level Analysis of Government Lawsuits Against Citizen and Media Access Requestors

Access-to-information statutes are designed to empower the public and the media to scrutinize the government. In approximately three dozen cases decided since 1975, however, government entities used those statutes to sue citizens and media outlets that requested access to government information. The government lawsuits sought declaratory judgments as to the government's legal obligations under state open meetings and public records laws. This article analyzes the government lawsuits by exploring the social architecture they create. This social architecture is based on the idea that law not only settles individual disputes, but also defines power relationships among groups in society. The article suggests that government lawsuits against access requestors turn access law on its head and deprive citizens of the power over government granted to them by access statutes.
Analysis of Carbon Monoxide in Commercially Treated Tuna (Thunnus spp.) and Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

A simple and confirmative method for quantitative determination of carbon monoxide in tuna and mahi-mahi tissues using GC/MS, following chemical liberation of CO into headspace, is described. Carbon monoxide in recent years has been employed by the fishery industry to preserve fresh appearance in selected species of finfish during frozen storage, particularly in vacuum-packaged products. Indigenous CO contents of fresh Ahi tuna and mahi-mahi were examined using the method described in this study and found to be close to or less than 150 and 100 ng/g, respectively. Commercially CO-treated, vacuum-packaged tuna from multiple sources consistently showed CO level near or greater than 1 mug/g, while CO level in the only CO-treated frozen mahi-mahi sample was in the 500 ng/g range. The difference between untreated and treated specimens was in the range of 1 order of magnitude and thus suggested an easy quantitative and confirmative method of CO using widely available instrumentation that may be potentially useful for regulatory purpose in determining whether a commercially available product has been exposed to CO even if not labeled as such.
Structurally chiral photonic crystals with magneto-optic activity: indirect photonic bandgaps, negative refraction, and superprism effects

We have theoretically investigated the general properties of photonic crystals without time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries by examining the case of one-dimensional periodic, lossless dielectric helical media (HM) with magneto-optic (MO) activity. We show that photonic bandgap formation in the absence of these two symmetry elements leads to a remarkable set of properties: indirect photonic bandgaps (edges not aligned in k space), backward wave propagating eigenmodes (which allow for negative refraction), unusual nonpropagating modes in the gap (their complex-valued wave vectors have frequency-dependent, nonzero real parts, which do not change sign for opposite decay directions), anomalous propagation, and group-velocity-based unidirectional superprism effects. Particular properties of MO HM are discussed in detail.
Evaluating One Performance Among Others: The Influence of Rank and Degree of Exposure to Comparison Referents

Three studies examined the influence of comparison-referent exposure (i.e., the frequency with which one views comparison referents) on evaluations of the ability of a target person (either oneself or another person). In Experiment 1, participants performed a task and then viewed performances of both upward and downward referents. Participants who saw more performances by the upward referents than the downward referents evaluated their own performances less favorably did than participants who saw more performances by the downward referents than the upward referents. Experiment 2 produced similar findings, showing that comparison exposure also influences people's evaluations about someone other than themselves. In Experiment 3, comparison-exposure effects were significantly reduced when participants were instructed to think deliberatively about the comparison information, consistent with the idea that people typically rely on imprecise representations of comparison information even when they are capable of forming more precise representations from memory if motivated to do so.
The Flexible Baton TM-12: A case report involving a new police weapon

The purpose of this case report is to describe a new type of police weapon and the injuries sustained by an individual after being shot with it. The Flexible Baton is a type of ammunition that consists of a fabric bag, filled with lead shot pellets, that is shot from a shotgun. It is predicted that this bag may cause bruising, abrasions, and blunt trauma. In our patient, the fabric bag burst and the pellets penetrated the skin of the elbow, resulting in cortical violation of the distal humerus. As more guns with this ammunition have been introduced throughout the United States, we conclude that injuries from this weapon will be seen with greater frequency.
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: Refining the Measure

A growing number of studies on entrepreneurial motivation, intentions, and behavior include entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as an explanatory variable. While there is broad consensus among researchers on the importance of including ESE in an intentionality model, there remain inconsistencies in the definition, dimensionality, and measurement of ESE. This study takes an important step toward refinement and standardization of ESE measurement. Within a new venture creation process framework, a multi-dimensional ESE instrument is developed and tested on a diverse sample that includes nascent entrepreneurs. Implications for entrepreneurship theory and entrepreneurship education are discussed.
Evaluating rank joins with optimal cost

In the rank join problem, we are given a set of relations and a scoring function, and the goal is to return the join results with the top K scores. It is often the case in practice that the inputs may be accessed in ranked order and the scoring function is monotonic. These conditions allow for efficient algorithms that solve the rank join problem without reading all of the input. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of such rank join algorithms. A strong point of our analysis is that it is based on a more general problem statement than previous work, making it more relevant to the execution model that is employed by database systems. One of our results indicates that the well known HRJN algorithm has shortcomings, because it does not stop reading its input as soon as possible. We find that it is NP-hard to overcome this weakness in the general case, but cases of limited query complexity are tractable. We prove the latter with an algorithm that infers provably tight bounds on the potential benefit of reading more input in order to stop as soon as possible. As a result, the algorithm achieves a cost that is within a constant factor of optimal.
Electrochemical reduction of an Ag2VO2PO4 particle: dramatic increase of local electronic conductivity

Previously, we reported that electrodes containing silver vanadium phosphate (Ag2VO2PO4) powder exhibit a 15000 fold increase in conductivity after discharge, concurrent with the formation of silver metal. In this study, in order to disentangle the complex nature of electrodes composed of electroactive powders, an electrochemical reduction of individual particles of Ag2VO2PO4 was conducted, to more directly probe the intrinsic materials properties of Ag2VO2PO4. Specifically, individual particle conductivity data from a nanoprobe system combined with SEM and optical imaging results revealed that the depth of discharge within an Ag2VO2PO4 particle is closely linked to the conductivity increase. Notably, the formation of silver metal may affect both inter- and intraparticle conductivity of the Ag2VO2PO4 material.
Comparison of the therapeutic effects of human and mouse adipose-derived stem cells in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as important regulators of inflammatory/immune responses in vitro and in vivo and represent attractive candidates for cell-based therapies for diseases that involve excessive inflammation. Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition for which treatment is mainly supportive due to lack of effective therapies. In this study, the therapeutic effects of ASC-based therapy were assessed in vivo by comparison of the anti-inflammatory properties of both human and murine ASCs in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Human ASCs (hASCs) or mouse ASCs (mASCs) were delivered to C57Bl/6 mice (7.5 × 105 total cells/mouse) by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) four hours after the animals were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 24 and 72 hours after LPS exposure, and lung histology examined for evaluation of inflammation and injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed to determine total and differential cell counts, total protein and albumin concentrations, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Cytokine expression in the injured lungs was measured at the steady-state mRNA levels and protein levels for assessment of the degree of lung inflammation. Both human and mouse ASC treatments provided protective anti-inflammatory responses. There were decreased levels of leukocyte (for example neutrophil) migration into the alveoli, total protein and albumin concentrations in BALF, and MPO activity after the induction of ALI following both therapies. Additionally, cell therapy with both cell types effectively suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Overall, the syngeneic mASC therapy had a more potent therapeutic effect than the xenogeneic hASC therapy in this model. Treatment with hASCs or mASCs significantly attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. These results suggest a potential benefit for using an ASC-based therapy to treat clinical ALI and may possibly prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
A phylogenetic analysis of basal Anseriformes, the fossil Presbyornis, and the interordinal relationships of waterfowl

Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of 123 morphological characters of basal waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes) and other selected avian orders confirmed that the screamers (Anhimae: Anhimidae) are the sister-group of other waterfowl (Anseres), and that the magpie goose (Anseranatidae:Anseranas semipalmata) is the sister group of other modern waterfowl exclusive of screamers (Anatidaesensu stricto). The analysis also supports the traditional hypothesis of the gallinaceous birds (Galliformes) as the sister group of the Anseriformes.Presbyornis, a fossil from the early Eocene of Wyoming and averred by Olson & Feduccia as showing that the Anseriformes were derived from shorebirds (Charadriiformes), was found to represent the sister group of the Anatidae. Associated hypotheses by Olson & Feduccia concerning the implications ofPresbyornisfor the phylogenetic relationships of flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes), the position of the Anhimidae within the waterfowl, relationships among modern Anatidae, and a plausible evolutionary scenario for waterfowl also are rejected. Analyses revealed that cranial characters were critical to the establishment of the Galliformes as the sister group of the Anseriformes; exclusion of the Anhimidae, especially in combination withAnseranas, also undermined the support for this inference. Placement ofPresbyornisas the sister group of the Anatidae casts doubt on the role suggested by Feduccia of ‘transitional shorebirds’ in the origin of modern avian orders, and calls into question the concept of ‘fossil mosaics’. The phylogenetic hypothesis is used to reconstruct an evolutionary scenario for selected ecomorphological characters in the galliform-anseriform transition, to predict the most parsimonious states of these characters forPresbyornis, and to propose a phylogenetic classification of the higher-order taxa of waterfowl. This re-examination ofPresbyornisalso is used to exemplify the fundamental methodological shortcomings of the intuitive approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships.
Porous Silica: A Potential Material for Low Dielectric Constant Applications

Highly porous (15% dense) silica thin films with k < 2.2 have been produced using a colloidal sol-gel process. This process uses relatively inexpensive, commercially available colloidal silica and potassium silicate. These films were deposited by spin coating. The parameters for spin coating (spin speed, gelation time, gel composition, etc.) have been optimized and coherent films with thicknesses ranging from 0.7–2.0 µm can be reproducibly fabricated. Preliminary work shows that the porosity of these films ranges from a few rn to < 1 µm. The dielectric properties were examined for frequencies up to 1 MHz. Compatibility of the films with IC processing was also investigated.
On the automaticity of genetic programming

Genetic/evolutionary algorithms, based upon an analogy to the mechanics of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolutionary theory, offer an automatic way to improve programs. The process cycles many times, selecting for reproduction among a population of program variants (represented by the "chromosomes") to form the next generation, with "mutation" and "crossover" producing additional variation. This approach was tested in such classic problems as function evolution, function maximization, and the traveling salesman problem. While the basic approach proved powerful, its implementation required a non-automatic series of choices with respect to the parameters for the algorithm itself, the representation of chromosomes, the meanings of mutation and crossover, the possibility of other mechanisms such as "inversion", and the evaluation of the fitness of the reproductive candidates. The most important message is that, despite the automatic nature of the algorithm itself, knowledge of the problem domain is important to its implementation.
A TV in the Bedroom: Implications for Viewing Habits and Risk Behaviors During Early Adolescence

This study examined associations between bedroom television, media use, and adolescents' health risk behaviors. A sample of 1,017 12- to 14-year-old adolescents completed computer-assisted interviews at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Among White adolescents, having a bedroom television predicted risk-promoting media use practices and significantly greater odds of initiating health risk behaviors—cigarette smoking and sexual intercourse—over 2 years. Although significantly more Black than White adolescents had a bedroom television, bedroom television was unrelated to Black adolescents' media use practices or health risk behaviors. Research is needed to understand ethnic differences in family media use and consequences for adolescent development.
Synthesis of fully testable sequential machines

A circuit consists of logic and memory elements. Testing of a circuit involves testing both. Typically, it takes long input sequences to initialize memory elements. Without initialization of memory elements, testing is not possible. In the classical approach to design for test, such as scan design, modifications are made to the circuit to obtain easy and full controllability and observability of the memory elements. The author addresses the design for testability issue for non-scan designs, where both controllability and observabilities are reduced. In the process one ends up with a design that is also suitable for concurrent checking. Concurrent checking is a verification process, which is performed concomitantly with normal operation. The technique described here incurs an area overhead but almost no performance penalty. >