cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical Analysis of ISS Potable Water From Expeditions 8 and 9

With the Shuttle fleet grounded, limited capability exists to resupply in-flight water quality monitoring hardware onboard the International Space Station (ISS). As such, verification of the chemical quality of the potable water supplies on ISS has depended entirely upon the collection, return, and ground-analysis of archival water samples. Despite the loss of Shuttle-transferred water as a water source, the two-man crews during Expedition 8 and Expedition 9 maintained station operations for nearly a year relying solely on the two remaining sources of potable water; reclaimed humidity condensate and Russian-launched ground water. Archival potable water samples were only collected every 3 to 4 months from the systems that regenerate water from condensate (SRV-K) and distribute stored potable water (SVO-ZV). Because of the severely limited down mass on the Russian Soyuz vehicle, only a few potable water samples of less than 250 milliliters were actually returned to the ground with each crew. The chemical analyses that were performed on the returned samples were limited by the small sample volumes. Analytical results for the archival potable water samples returned from Expeditions 8 and 9 are reported in this paper and compared with ISS water quality specifications. Results from analyses of samples collected from the Service Module galley's hot and warm ports during Expeditions 8 and 9 indicated that the ISS system for regeneration of condensate water (SRV-K) produced acceptable quality potable water.
Asia Minor, Los Angeles June 1979

I am ten when Mother teaches me to lie. For the past couple of weeks, Mother told me to tell anyone who calls-except for Aunt Pham Thi and her family-that she doesn't live here anymore. "You could even tell them I'm dead," she said one evening while I watched her pack pantaloons, Capri pants, and ao dais she had not worn since the day she came to America. She went through and emptied dresser drawers and shoe boxes kept atop closet shelves for Polaroids of family picnics at Griffith Park, and jade figurines to fill the large black Samsonite suitcase she had lying open on the bed. Between the long-sleeved white gowns, she tucked away a bundle of her father's letters she had saved over the years, letters with blue stripes lining the edges, and stamps of tanks and the wavering red communist flag still intact. "Yes," she nodded as she closed the suitcase, and snapped shut the locks. "Tell them I'm dead. Tell them anything you want to. Now," she set the Samsonite on the floor, "put this in your room. Somewhere where I can find it."
New Copyright Guide Published

When the Copyright Act of 1976 was enacted, separate negotiations between educational institutions and publishers attempted to deal with the thorny issue of educational copying. The result of these negotiations was the “Agreement on Guidelines for Classroom Copying in Not-for-Profit Educational Institutions with Respect to Books and Periodicals”. While the Guidelines did not become law under the 1976 Copyright Act, many copyright owners and users have treated them virtually as law. The addressed both single and multiple copying of book chapters and articles for classroom use. The Guidelines were intended to establish a minimum standard–all uses up to the Guidelines were considered fair, uses beyond the Guidelines depended on the circumstances. In practice, however, they were often seen as establishing a maximum standard–only these uses were considered fair. With the increasing reliance on digital resources, propriety databases, e-journals, e-books, the guidelines have become difficult to apply. Do the same rules apply to e-journals that applied to print periodicals? How do guidelines addressing numbers of copies apply to digital copying or electronic reserves? Can database license restrictions prevent lending e-journal or database articles through Inter-library loan?
Evaluation of a Long Term Viable Dynamic Data Archive Format

Although, the Universal File Format (UFF) has functioned effectively as a de facto standard for cross platform data interchange and archiving for nearly 40 years, with the progression of technology, the aging nature of its 80 character ASCII FORTRAN card image based format has become problematic. This paper reviews the various (and sometimes conflicting) issues involved in the development of a new flexible, open definition file format. To help facilitate early evaluation of format function and performance, an intermediate pseudo-prototypical hybrid UFF-DSA format has been implemented. This evaluation format effectively encodes the UFF dataset record information in a XML format (similar to the draft DSA definition) and then stores the individual XML records as discrete entries in the DSA archive container (ZIP format). In addition, the resulting principal features necessary for viable long term archiving of data and results, together with an evaluation of an initial implementation of the design, are presented.
Effects of 5 juvenile hormone analogues applied topically to cattle naturally infested with Hypoderma larvae (Diptera: Oestridae).

Three yearlings in each of 5 groups were sprayed twice (36 days apart) with 0.1% concentration of juvenile hormone analogues. Some yearlings sprayed with ( E )-4-[(6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-nonenyl)oxy]-1,2-(methylenedioxy) benzrne (Hoffman La Roche RO 20-3600); ethyl 10,11-epoxy-3,7,10,11-tetramethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate (Hoffman La Roche RO 8-4314); isopropyl ( E,E )-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate (Zoecon ZR-515, methoprene); or ( E )-6,7-epoxy-1-( p -ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene (Stauffrr R-204158) developed enlarged warbles about 13 to 20 days after each dermal application. Warbles distended until their contents were discharged by spontaneous drainage. Exudates from these warbles varied from a thin, yellow fluid to a viscous, yellow semifluid. Skin lesions healed externally about 14 to 21 days after exudation ceased. Yearlings sprayed with methyl 10,11-cpoxy-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6-tridecadienoate (Hoffman La Roche RO 6-9550) did not develop enlarged warbles after the 1st or 2nd dermal application. No definitive changes developed in the biochemical or hematological values that were measured. Acute toxic effects were not observed in the cattle.
Inhibition of Respiration of Dysentery Bacilli by Sulfapyridine.

SummaryIt has been found that sulfapyridine in concentrations of 30 mg % inhibits the stimulation of respiration due to nicotin-amide. This inhibition is apparently competitive since the sulfapyridine must be added prior to the addition of the nicotinamide to obtain this effect. While percentage inhibition has varied in different experiments, sufficient experimental data have been obtained so as to leave no doubt as to the validity of the inhibition.
Lygus Bugs: Crop Resistance and Physiological Nature of Feeding Injury

Plant bugs of the family Miridae are serious pests of seed, fruit, and nursery crops throughout the world. The genus Lygus Hahn has at least 9 species of major importance to agriculture in North America, Europe, and Asia (Kelton 1975). The bulk of this review will deal with these species, but where appropriate, reference will be made to the following additional species in the family Miridae: alfalfa plant bug, Adelophocoris lineolatus (Goeze); cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter); Lygocoris pabulinus (L.), and Taylorilygus vosseleri Poppius. Whenever possible, papers dealing with crop resistance relationships of lygus bugs and related mirids are used for discussion.
Principle and Practice of Smashing Tissue Extraction and Herbal Blitzkrieg Extractor

This article analyzes the principle and realizing process of various extractive methods of Chinese herbal medicine from wide and deep insight.Based on these analyses,it is the first time to systematically expound the method called Smashing Tissue Extraction(STE)and Herbal Blitzkrieg Extractor(HBE)including fundamental principle,realizing process,structural elements,eight superiorities of HBE,and practical examples as well.It has been demonstrated through real application cases in more than 10 years that HBE combined all the technological superiorities of smashing,soaking,stirring,vibrating etc.together to finish one time extraction within seconds to tens of seconds,which is just one tenth to one hundredth of ordinary methods such as refluxing extraction method.HBE not only avoids the decomposition of heat-sensitive components,but also produces relatively higher yield,simplicity of operation,and is favorable for environment protection.
Designing approximate circuits using clock overgating

Approximate computing is an emerging paradigm to improve the efficiency of computing systems by leveraging the intrinsic resilience of applications to their computations being executed in an approximate manner. Prior efforts on approximate hardware design have largely focused on circuit-level techniques. We propose a new approach, clock overgating, for the design of approximate circuits at the Register Transfer Level (RTL). The key idea is to gate the clock signal to selected Flip-Flops (FFs) in the circuit, even during execution cycles in which the circuit functionality is sensitive to their state. This saves power in the clock tree, the FF itself and in its downstream logic, while a quality loss ensues if the erroneous FF state propagates to the circuit output. We develop a systematic methodology to identify an energy-efficient overgating configuration for any given circuit and quality constraint. Towards this end, we develop 3 key strategies — significance-based overgating, grouping FFs into overgating islands, and utilizing internal signals of the circuit as triggers for overgating — that efficiently prune the large space of possible overgating configurations. We evaluate clock overgating by designing approximate versions of 6 machine learning accelerators, and demonstrate energy benefits of 1.36x on average (and upto 1.80x) for negligible (<0.5%) loss in application quality (classification accuracy).
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype as a Determinant of Survival in Women with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Survival of CLL cells requires sustained activation of the anti-apoptotic PI-3-kinase/Akt pathway, and many therapies for CLL cause leukemia cell death by triggering apoptosis. Blood lipoprotein particles are either pro- or anti-apoptotic. High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are anti-apoptotic through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3)-mediated activation of the PI-3-K/Akt pathway. We have noted that apoE4-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (but not apoE2- or apoE3-VLDL) particles increase apoptosis of endothelial cells by recruiting the phosphoinositol phosphatase SHIP-2 to the plasma membrane, thereby directly inhibiting the anti-apoptotic activity of HDL (DeKroon R, et al., Circ Res99:829–836, 2006). Since apoE4-VLDL increases apoptosis of certain cells, and since increased leukemia cell apoptosis favors longer survival in CLL, we hypothesized that APOE4 genotype would beneficially influence the clinical course of CLL. Of the 193 CLL patients (50 women and 133 men) studied, 29% had an APOE4 genotype. In the entire group, survival of men and women was not statistically different. However, women (but not men) with an APOE4 genotype had markedly longer survival than non-APOE4 patients (median >25 yr vs. 14.0 yr; p = 0.02) (Figure). Men and women had the same time-to-treatment (treatment-free survival) irrespective of APOE genotype. VLDL is metabolized to LDL by the actions of LPL. Patients had shorter survival and time-to-treatment if their CLL cell lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA levels were high (p = 0.002). In analyzing APOE genotype and LPL levels in the same patients, we demonstrated that APOE4 was a more important determinant of survival than was the LPL level (p = 0.0007). The beneficial effect of APOE4 in CLL survival is likely mediated through allele-specific influences of APOE4 on serum lipoproteins increasing leukemia cell apoptosis. The frequency of the APOE alleles in the CLL patient population was not significantly different than that of a control population (16 and 13%, respectively). APOE genotype therefore does not appear to affect susceptibility to CLL, but influences the clinical course of disease, particularly after therapy is initiated. In contrast, APOE genotype does influence susceptibility to other diseases, most notably Alzheimer’s disease in which APOE4 markedly increases risk. The beneficial impact of APOE4 in CLL and its deleterious impact on Alzheimer’s disease expression may relate to a common mechanism of APOE4 in enhancing apoptotic cell death. APOE genotyping of patients with CLL may provide important clinical prognostic information, particularly in women. Most importantly, the allele-specific influence of APOE on disease progression may provide important new insights into the mechanisms of disease and response to therapy, and lead to new agents for treatment.
Signal Timing Detection Based on Spatial–Temporal Map Generated from CCTV Surveillance Video

Signal timing data are a critical component in the estimation of arterial traffic states. Estimating arterial travel time, intersection delay, and queue length from either detector or probe data relies on accurate input or detection of signal timing. Moreover, the emerging eco-intersection approaching and departure applications also require reliable signal timing input. With the accelerated deployment of adaptive and smart signal systems, signal timing data have become more and more readily available at arterial management centers. However, of the thousands of intersections around the country, many still do not report real-time signal timing data because of various maintenance, hardware, software, communication, cost, and other problems. Some existing studies have proposed the use of probe trajectories to infer signal timing on the basis of shock wave theory; however, because of the limited sample sizes, coverage and reliability are also limited. A computer vision–based algorithm to detect signal timing f...
Variation and Correlation of Protein Molecular Weight Distribution and Semolina Quality Parameters for Durum Genotypes Grown in North Dakota

This research assessed variation of protein molecular weight distribution (MWD) parameters and their correlations with quality characteristics of semolina samples that were obtained from durum genotypes grown in North Dakota. Sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer extractable and unextractable proteins in semolina were analyzed for MWD by size-exclusion HPLC with a microbore column. ANOVA indicated that quantitative variations of all the HPLC protein fractions were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by growing environments. The extractable and unextractable gluten proteins correlated differently with semolina gluten characteristics. Both gluten index and mixograph classification showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with unextractable polymeric proteins and negative correlations (P < 0.05) with extractable gliadins and polymeric proteins. Quantitative variations of gluten proteins greatly influenced spaghetti cooking characteristics. Specifically, cooked spaghetti firmness (CSF) had high and positive simple li...
Semi-Supervised Classifications via Elastic and Robust Embedding

Transductive semi-supervised learning can only predict labels for unlabeled data appearing in training data, and can not predict labels for testing data never appearing in training set. To handle this out-of-sample problem, many inductive methods make a constraint such that the predicted label matrix should be exactly equal to a linear model. In practice, this constraint might be too rigid to capture the manifold structure of data. In this paper, we relax this rigid constraint and propose to use an elastic constraint on the predicted label matrix such that the manifold structure can be better explored. Moreover, since unlabeled data are often very abundant in practice and usually there are some outliers, we use a non-squared loss instead of the traditional squared loss to learn a robust model. The derived problem, although is convex, has so many nonsmooth terms, which make it very challenging to solve. In the paper, we propose an efficient optimization algorithm to solve a more general problem, based on which we find the optimal solution to the derived problem.
Ergodic Dynamics by Design: A Route to Predictable Multi-Robot Systems

We define and discuss a class of multi-robot systems possessing ergodic dynamics and show that they are realizable on physical hardware and useful for a variety of tasks while being amenable to analysis. We describe robot controllers synthesized to possess these dynamics and also physics-based methodologies that allow macroscopic structures to be uncovered and exploited for task execution in systems with large numbers of robots.
Brain Mechanisms for Learning and Using Safety Signals

Abstract Accurate discrimination between safety and danger is necessary for survival. Well-established safety signals may be used to modulate behaviors in the presence of danger signals, a phenomenon known as conditioned inhibition of fear. Understanding how cues become safety signals is relevant to understanding posttraumatic stress disorder in which both safety vs danger discrimination and conditioned inhibition of fear are impaired. Although much is known regarding the cognitive and neural processes underlying danger learning, very little is known about safety learning. We provide an overview of the behavioral paradigms that allow for neuromechanistic investigation of safety learning and review the existing literature that begins to identify the key nodes of the neural circuitry that allows for fear discrimination and conditioned inhibition.
Antibody Diversity in the Response to Streptococcal Group A Carbohydrate

In the past several years, a number of laboratories have used the murine antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC) as a model system in which to study the development and regulation of humoral immunity. This system displays a number of features which are common to other antigen-antibody systems as well as unique features which make it particularly suitable to the study of antibody diversity. The scope of this chapter is to review the major characteristics of this antibody response and to discuss in more detail recent experiments from our laboratory which have exploited the anti-GAC response to ask questions concerning the rules which govern the pairing of heavy- and light-chain variable regions in the generation of antibody diversity. As with most other antibody systems which have been examined in detail, it has become increasingly apparent that the antibody response to GAC is assembled from a restricted set of heavy- and light-chain variable regions and constant regions. These observations have raised questions about the extent to which combinatorial diversity functions within the immune system and suggest the possibility that coordinated regulation results in the expression of VL, VH, and CH gene products in restricted sets, irrespective of the constraints imposed by an antigen-specific system.
Designing an advanced programming class in Java that incorporates web database applications

The computing curriculum includes many programming courses that introduce students to fundamental programming concepts. This paper provides a course design for an advanced programming class in Java that incorporates curriculum that reflects current industry need, particularly in the area of web database applications. Included in this paper are a listing of topics covered, course objectives, and recommended software resources.
Assessing the Risk of Insect Outbreaks

In the preceding chapter we discussed methods for monitoring ongoing forest insect infestations and for making short-term forecasts. These procedures address the manager’s concern with current conditions—where damage is occurring at present, how much damage is being done, and whether this damage will increase or decrease in the near future. By contrast, risk assessment methods are intended to predict the likelihood of insect problems in the more distant future—where and under what conditions insect outbreaks are likely to occur in the future.
Characterization of multiple herbicide–resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois to VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Champaign County, IL, to study a waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer] population (CHR) resistant to 2,4-D and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-, photosystem II–, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicides. Two field experiments were designed to investigate the efficacy of very-long-chain fatty-acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides, including a comparison of active ingredients at labeled use rates and a rate titration experiment. Amaranthus tuberculatus density and control were evaluated at 28 and 42 d after treatment (DAT). Nonencapsulated acetochlor, alachlor, and pyroxasulfone provided the greatest PRE control of CHR (56% to 75%) at 28 DAT, while metolachlor, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and encapsulated acetochlor provided less than 27% control. In the rate titration study, nonencapsulated acetochlor controlled CHR more than equivalent field use rates of S-metolachlor. Subsequent dose–response experiments with acetochlor, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone in the greenhouse included three multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) A. tuberculatus populations: CHR-M6 (progeny generated from CHR), MCR-NH40 (progeny generated from Mclean County, IL), and ACR (Adams County, IL), in comparison with a sensitive population (WUS). Both CHR-M6 and MCR-NH40 are MHR to atrazine and HPPD, and ALS inhibitors and demonstrated higher survival rates (LD50) to S-metolachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, or pyroxasulfone than ACR (atrazine resistant but HPPD-inhibitor sensitive) and WUS. Based on biomass reduction (GR50), resistant to sensitive (R:S) ratios between CHR-M6 and WUS were 7.5, 6.1, 5.5, and 2.9 for S-metolachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone, respectively. Values were greater for MCR-NH40 than CHR-M6, and ACR was the most sensitive to all VLCFA inhibitors tested. Complete control of all populations was achieved at or below a field use rate of acetochlor. In summary, field studies demonstrated CHR is not controlled by several VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse dose–response experiments corroborated field results and generated R:S ratios (LD50) ranging from 4.5 to 64 for CHR-M6 and MCR-NH40 among the four VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides evaluated.
The Results of a Longitudinal Study in Mathematics in New Hampshire.

A SERIES of longitudinal studies of mathematical computational ability at grades eight and ten in the state of New Hampshire produced the following results. In the fall of 1963, using the Metropolitan Achievement Test and the Arithmetic Computational subtest of that battery, the median raw score for eighth graders in New Hampshire equalled a grade equiva lent of 8.8. In the fall of 1967, using the Stanford Achievement Test and the Arith metic Computation subtest of that bat tery, the median raw score for the state equalled a grade equivalent of 6.8. Thus there was a drop of two years in compu tational ability from the fall of 1963 to the fall of 1967. This drop in scores was first noted in 1964. In 1965, a further drop in scores prompted the State Department of Edu cation to contract with the Bureau of Educational Research and Testing Serv ices at the University of New Hampshire to do a study on arithmetic computational ability. This evaluation compared the in tellectual and arithmetic computational ability of three different groups of eighth graders in the state. These groups were identified solely on the type of mathe matics textbook that they used for in structional purposes. The three groups were modern, traditional, and transitional. In 1965, there were statistically significant differences between these three groups in terms of their intellectual ability as meas ured by the Otis Gamma Mental Abilities Test (F ? .01). The modern group scored highest, followed by the transitional and then the traditional groups. In evaluating their computational ability as measured by the Metropolitan Achievement Test, just the opposite was true. Those students who were using traditional textbooks were computing at a significantly better level than those who were using modern mathe matics textbooks (F = .01). There were no statistically significant differences be tween the three groups as measured by the Metropolitan subtest on arithmetic concepts. In 1967, the study was replicated on that year's eighth graders, and the find ings were somewhat different.1 The mod ern group was still intellectually superior to the traditional and transitional groups as measured by the School and College Ability Test total score (F = .01). Now, however, there were also statistically sig nificant differences favoring the modern group (F = .01 ) as measured by the Stan ford Achievement Test on subtests Com putation, Concepts, and Applications. What is more important than the sta tistical significance of these findings is the fact that all three groups had, between 1965 and 1967, continued to drop in their computational ability, as was noted in the first paragraph. What seems to be true in New Hampshire, previous to the eighth grade, at least, is that no matter what textbook a teacher is using, more and
Advanced Endoscopic Rescue of a Complication (Duodenojejunostomy Leak) After a Pylorus-Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy in a Post-Esophagectomy Patient with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Approximately 4% of patients develop a second upper gastrointestinal cancer after esophagectomy, and nearly 60,000 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the United States each year. The need for a Whipple procedure after esophagectomy is rarely reported. Post-esophagectomy anatomy, particularly the vascular supply, makes this a complex operation. Herein, we describe the advanced endoscopic rescue of a duodenojejunostomy (DJ) leak after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) in a post-esophagectomy patient. Presentation: A 72-year-old male with a remote history of esophageal cancer treated with minimally invasive three-hole esophagectomy and chemoradiation presented to our institution for evaluation and management of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer. The patient had undergone common bile duct (CBD) stent placement by his gastroenterologist 2 weeks earlier after experiencing jaundice, weight loss, and steatorrhea. Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed the presence of a pancreatic head and neck mass, obstructing and dilating the main pancreatic duct and CBD. Fine-needle biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. A PPPD was performed without intraoperative complications. The patient was subsequently readmitted with a DJ leak requiring interventional radiology and advanced endoscopic intervention. Conclusions: PPPD in patients with pancreatic cancer can be performed after previous esophagectomy. Careful dissection is crucial to avoid injury to the remaining right gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries that supply the gastric conduit after esophagectomy. The DJ is at risk after this operation, and access to tertiary care inclusive of interventional radiology and advanced endoscopic teams is critical to the correction and healing of a leak of this anastomosis.
Design of Feedback Control Systems

While being highly successful, the classical control theory is limited in its applications to primarily single-input/single-output (SISO) systems due to the graphical nature of its design tools such as methods of Bode and root locus. For multi-input/multioutput (MIMO) systems it is the modern control theory that grows into a mature design methodology, termed as linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control. It assumes a linear state-space model for the underlying multivariable system with stochastic descriptions for exogenous noises and disturbances impinged on the feedback system. The performance index is a combination of the mean powers of the control input and error signal. Minimization of the performance index is the design objective that admits a closed-form solution for the optimal feedback controller.LQG control was motivated largely by the space program massively funded in the 1950s. It had a huge success in space applications because accurate models can be developed for space vehicles, white noise descriptions are appropriate for external disturbances, and the fuel consumption is crucial in space missions. Owing to the work of Kalman and other scientists, LQG control has since become an effective design methodology for multivariable feedback control systems. This chapter considers H2 optimal control that is modified from the LQG control focusing on linear time-invariant systems. The optimal solution to linear quadratic control will be derived for the case of output feedback rather than state feedback. Design of multivariable feedback control systems will then be studied with the objective to satisfying performance specifications in frequency and time domains. Design tools such as frequency loop shaping and eigenvalue assignment will be developed which can be regarded as extension of Bode and root locus in classic control, respectively. Various other design issues such as controller reduction and stability margins will be investigated as well.
Nonverbal Behaviors “Speak” Relational Messages of Dominance, Trust, and Composure

Nonverbal signals color the meanings of interpersonal relationships. Humans rely on facial, head, postural, and vocal signals to express relational messages along continua. Three of relevance are dominance-submission, composure-nervousness and trust-distrust. Machine learning and new automated analysis tools are making possible a deeper understanding of the dynamics of relational communication. These are explored in the context of group interactions during a game entailing deception. The "messiness" of studying communication under naturalistic conditions creates many measurement and design obstacles that are discussed here. Possibilities for their mitigation are considered.
Flexible Online Repeated Measures Experiment

Online controlled experiments, now commonly known as A/B testing, are crucial to causal inference and data driven decision making in many internet based businesses. While a simple comparison between a treatment (the feature under test) and a control (often the current standard), provides a starting point to identify the cause of change in Key Performance Indicator (KPI), it is often insucient, as the change we wish to detect may be small, and inherent variation contained in data may obscure movements in KPI. To have sucient power to detect statistically signicant changes in KPI, an experiment needs to engage a suciently large proportion of trac to the site, and also last for a suciently long duration. This limits the number of candidate variations to be evaluated, and the speed new feature iterations. We introduce more sophisticated experimental designs, specically the repeated measures design, including the crossover design and related variants, to increase KPI sensitivity with the same trac size and duration of experiment. In this paper we present FORME (Flexible Online Repeated Measures Experiment), a exible and scalable framework for these designs. We evaluate the theoretic basis, design considerations, practical guidelines and big data implementation. We compare FORME to an existing methodology called mixed eect model and demonstrate why FORME is more exible and scalable. We present empirical results based on both simulation and real data. Our method is widely applicable to online experimentation to improve sensitivity in detecting movements in KPI, and increase experimentation capability.
Design of totally self-checking embedded two-rail code checkers

This Letter addresses the problem of designing totally self-checking checkers for checking m two-rail signal pairs, when the checker receives a subset of all possible input codewords, under normal operation. There are cases when a two-rail checker tree, which will be tested by th e inputs received under normal operation, cannot be found. However, it is shown that two-rail checker network structures other than trees will also be totally self-checking (TSC) and code-disjoint. A method for designing TSC two-rail checkers for a given set of input codewords is presented.
Regulation and Coordination of Intracellular Trafficking: An Overview

During the last two decades, efforts in the protein trafficking field have focused primarily on the identification of the machinery components of vesicular transport and mechanisms that underlie it. In addition, research has started to reveal how intracellular trafficking is regulated. Here, we summarize the current state of our knowledge about the regulation of vesicular transport and its coordination with other cellular processes. At the most basic level, individual transport steps are regulated spatially and temporally in two different ways. First, molecular switches of the Arf, Rab and Rho GTPase families regulate the assembly of components of the vesicular transport machinery on membranes, mediating the formation, targeting and fusion of vesicles that shutde cargo between intracellular compartments. Second, reversible posttranslational modifications, like phosphorylation and ubiquitination, allow efficient cargo sorting and machinery component recycling. At a higher level, individual transport steps are integrated into whole pathways, with GTPases as a mechanism for this integration. Finally, intracellular trafficking pathways are coordinated with other cellular processes. Here too, GTPases appear to play a role by orchestrating coordination.
Orthogonal transformation (square-root) implementations of the generalized Chandrasekhar and generalized Levinson algorithms

In recent work, we have shown how least-squares estimation problems for arbitrary nonstationary processes can be speeded up by using the notion of an index of nonstationarity and a corresponding generalized Levinson algorithm. It was also shown that when the nonstationary processes have constant-parameter state-space models, the generalized Levinson algorithms reduce to the generalized Chandrasekhar equations. In this paper we shall show that the explicit equations of the above algorithms can be replaced by certain implicitly defined J-orthogonal transformation procedures, where J is a signature matrix (zero everywhere except for ±1's on the diagonal). In the state-space case, these methods yield the previously-derived fast square-root algorithms of Morf and Kailath.
A method for incorporating the Kerr–Schild metric in electromagnetic particle-in-cell code

Abstract An algorithm is presented that incorporates the Kerr–Schild metric in an electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. This paper describes the algorithm and implementation for the simulation of charged particles in the region of a spinning black hole. A description is given of the method used to calculate fields, currents, and particle motion using the tensor formalism. We test the overall model by using a ‘toy’ black hole and accretion disk system in a uniform magnetic field to produce bipolar jets.
Estimating the effects of informal radiology resident teaching on radiologist productivity: What is the cost of teaching?1

Rationale and objectives One mission of an academic radiology department is to teach. The greatest teaching effort is directed at radiology residents. As clinical work demands increase, informal, non−revenue-generating, teaching may suffer. We sought to determine the economic consequences of teaching. Materials and methods With the use of a picture archiving and communications system, 6 radiology faculty members independently interpreted and dictated digitally acquired bone and chest radiographs for 1 hour alone and again 10−12 weeks later with a first-year resident. During the second session, the quality of teaching was graded by independent observers. The number of cases, relative value units (RVUs), and reimbursement for each session were calculated. Results The difference in number of cases dictated working alone (mean, 44.7) and with a first-year resident (mean, 23.5) was significant ( P = 0.007). The difference between RVUs generated by faculty alone (mean, 9.0) and with a resident (mean, 4.5) also was significant ( P = 0.006), and the difference in dollars billed when working alone (mean, $1558.45) and with a resident (mean, $777.65) was significant ( P = 0.007). As teaching quality increased, the number of cases interpreted, dollars billed, and RVUs trended lower. Conclusion Informal resident teaching significantly reduces clinical throughput, reducing examination volume, RVUs, and dollars billed by approximately half.
Computer Simulation, Rhetoric, and the Scientific Imagination: How Virtual Evidence Shapes Science in the Making and in the News

Coming on the heels of recent scholarship investigating scientific discourse in public contexts, Aimee Kendall Roundtree's Computer Simulation, Rhetoric, and the Scientific Imagination is a timely ...
Fast and Accurate Support Vector Machines on Large Scale Systems

Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a supervised Machine Learning and Data Mining (MLDM) algorithm, which has become ubiquitous largely due to its high accuracy and obliviousness to dimensionality. The objective of SVM is to find an optimal boundary -- also known as hyperplane -- which separates the samples (examples in a dataset) of different classes by a maximum margin. Usually, very few samples contribute to the definition of the boundary. However, existing parallel algorithms use the entire dataset for finding the boundary, which is sub-optimal for performance reasons. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed memory algorithm to eliminate the samples which do not contribute to the boundary definition in SVM. We propose several heuristics, which range from early (aggressive) to late (conservative) elimination of the samples, such that the overall time for generating the boundary is reduced considerably. In a few cases, a sample may be eliminated (shrunk) pre-emptively -- potentially resulting in an incorrect boundary. We propose a scalable approach to synchronize the necessary data structures such that the proposed algorithm maintains its accuracy. We consider the necessary trade-offs of single/multiple synchronization using in-depth time-space complexity analysis. We implement the proposed algorithm using MPI and compare it with libsvm -- de facto sequential SVM software -- which we enhance with OpenMP for multi-core/many-core parallelism. Our proposed approach shows excellent efficiency using up to 4096 processes on several large datasets such as UCI HIGGS Boson dataset and Offending URL dataset.
More active human L1 retrotransposons produce longer insertions

The vast majority of L1 insertions are 5' truncated and thus inactive. Yet, the mechanism of 5' truncation is unknown. To examine whether the frequency of L1 retrotransposition is directly correlated with the length of genomic L1 insertions, we used a cell culture assay to measure retrotransposition frequency and a PCR-based assay to measure L1 insertion length. We tested five full-length human L1 elements that retrotranspose at different frequencies: LRE3, L1(RP), L1.3, L1.2A and L1.2B. Our data suggest that L1 insertion length correlates with L1 retrotransposition frequency for insertions >1 kb in length. For two elements, L1(RP) and L1.2A, we found that swapping the reverse transcriptase domains had little effect. Instead, we found that genomic insertion length and retrotransposition frequency are substantially affected by amino acid substitutions at positions 363, 1220 and 1259 in ORF2. We suggest that the region containing residues 1220 and 1259 may be important in the binding of ORF2p to L1 RNA to facilitate reverse transcription.
Boiling and spreading of liquid nitrogen and liquid methane on water

Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation was carried out to study the boiling and spreading of liquid nitrogen and liquid methane on water, in a one-dimensional configuration. With the equations of continuity and momentum transfer, a mathematical model was developed to describe the boiling-spreading phenomena of cryogens spilled on water. The model accounts for a decrease in the density of the cryogenic liquid due to bubble formation. Experimental spreading fronts were successfully simulated by assuming constant evaporation rates (40 kW/m 2 and 92 kW/m 2 for nitrogen and methane respectively) in the theoretical model. The model predicts the maximum spreading distance and the time for complete vaporization.
Solution structures of cobalt-rhodium clusters: The identification of a new hexanuclear cobalt-rhodium species

Abstract The thermolysis of Co 2 Rh 2 (CO) 12 leads to the quantitative formation of Co 3 Rh 3 (CO) 16 . The solution structures of these clusters have been established by IR and low temperature 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Co 3 Rh 3 (CO) 16 reacts with carbon monoxide at moderate pressure to give the equilibrium mixture of Co 2 Rh 2 (CO) 12 and CoRh(CO) 7 .
Bloomfield's Revisions of Language (1933)

SUMMARYLeonard Bloomfield's Language (1933) , a milestone in 20th-century linguistics, was revised for the British edition of 1935 to accommodate British English readers. A slightly revised American edition also appeared beginning in 1941. However, no edition following the original publication fully reflects Bloomfield's wish for more extensive additions and corrections, no doubt because the publishers did not want any resetting of type that would alter pagination and require considerable revision of the whole book. But Bloom-field's extensive additions and corrections are recorded in notes which he wrote in the margins of a copy owned by his student and junior colleague, John G. Kunstmann (1894-1988). The present article, based on these notes, presents those changes and additions which the author deems of greatest value as improvements in Bloomfield's treatise. Purely stylistic changes are not included. In general, the modifications amount to clarification of concepts and correction of flawed examples rather than a shift in theoretical positions.RESUMELe livre de Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949), Language (1933), une borne de la linguistique au XXe siecle, a eu une edition britannique en 1935 qui contenait des revisions pour etre adaptees aux lecteurs en Angleterre. Au debut de l'annee 1941 une edition americaine parut que montrait quelques revisions. Cependant, aucune re-edition du texte de 1933 reflete d'une facon satisfaisante le desire de Bloomfield pour des additions et corrections plus extensives. Il est clair que l'editeur, Henry Holt & Co. de New York, n'etait pas interesse aux 'changements qui l'auraient oblige a recomposer une partie du livre. Le present article est base sur les revisions que Bloomfield a transferrees de son exemplaire personnel a celui de son ancien etudiant et jeune collegue a l'Universite de Chicago, John Gotthold Kunstmann (1894-1988), vers la fin des annees trente. Il presente et traite des changements et des additions qui semblent les plus importants; il exclue les changements purement stylistiques. En general, les modifications — malheureusement jamais incluses dans les reimpressions du Language, dont il en existe un grand nombre — auraient apportees une clarification de certains concepts et une correction des exemples imparfaits du texte original.
Laticiferous plants of economic importance IV jelutong (Dyera spp.)

Trees ofDyera, a small genus of the Apocynaceae, are characteristic of the rain forests in western Malaysia. The raw product prepared from the coagulated latex was formerly used in Malaya and elsewhere as an admixture with guttapercha(Palaquium spp.) and later as a substitute forHevea rubber for purposes not requiring elasticity. During the past 50 years, trees of the 2 species of this genus hare been the principal source in southeast Asia of a gutta-gum, exported in appreciable quantities to Europe and particularly to the United States.
A stochastic model for free recall

A statistical model for verbal learning is presented and tested against experimental data. The model describes a Markov process with a realizable absorbing state, allowing complete learning on some finite trial as well as imperfect retention prior to this trial.
A comparison of external transducers and microtransducers in urodynamic studies of female patients

The urodynamic catheter and its transducer play a significant role in the performance of good urodynamic studies. The fluid-filled (perfusion) catheter with its external strain gauge transducer and the microtransducer catheter with a transducer built directly into the catheter are the two most prevalent catheters used in urodynamic studies today. Either functions differently with regard to how pressures are measured during testing. Both are unique with regard to their requirements for handling and management during testing. Proper transducer calibration, maintenance of standardized reference levels, and attention to catheter zeroing procedures as outlined by the International Continence Society are vital to good study technique and quality testing results. When used in a manner consistent with the catheter's performance characteristics, study error is minimized and meaningful clinical data can be obtained.
Mating behavior of the Eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and the adaptive significance of long 'horns'.

Sexual dimorphism in insect antennal structure is often attributed to differences between the sexes in sensitivity to pheromones, the antennae of one sex being more elaborately structured (for example, plumose). Males of the family Cerambycidae (order Coleoptera) often have longer antennae than females, but of a similar general structure, suggesting that selective factors other than sensitivity to pheromones are at work. Both sexes of the eucalyptus longhorned borer, a cerambycid, were attracted to eucalyptus logs that were larval hosts. There, males located females by antennal contact, and male mating success therefore depended on the walking rate and width of the antennal spread. Elongate antennae may benefit males by increasing antennal spread width, but have no such advantage for females, suggesting an evolutionary explanation for sexual dimorphism.
Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract The inhibition of mitochondrial succinate oxidase by four classes of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (nitrophenols, dicumarol, substituted benzimidazoles, and substituted phenylhydrazones of carbonyl cyanide) has been examined kinetically by Lineweaver-Burke plots. All of these uncouplers inhibit by increasing the apparent K m for succinate with no effect on maximal rate of oxidation ( V m ). The uncoupler concentration dependence of the inhibition varies from less than first power for the carbonyl cyanide derivatives to second power for dicumarol. When the inhibitory effects of the uncouplers were compared on a per unit of uncoupler activity basis, they were found to differ by at least a factor of 10.
Effects of strong collisions and lower-state broadening on the Hγ profile

Calculations have been made of the Stark-broadened Hγ profile which take into account the effect of strong collisions in the electron perturbation and the effect of electron impact broadening of the lower levels. Lower level broadening is shown to be insignificant for this line with the dominant effect being the strong collision term. The agreement between the calculated half-widths and the experimental half-widths for the Hγ line is within experimental error. A comparison of the theory and experiment at the 34 and 14 intensity points shows significant differences that probably arise from a neglect of higher-order terms in the electron-radiating atom perturbation.