cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some effects of velocity variation on AVO and its interpretation

In recent years interest has increased in the interpretation of the amplitude variation of reflected signals as a function of offset (AVO). A more meaningful relationship for interpreting reflection coefficients at the target horizon is amplitude variation with incident angle (AVA). The challenge is to convert from AVO to AVA. The effects of velocity variation in the overburden on amplitude variation with offset (AVO) and on the final inversion of AVO data into velocity, density, and Poisson’s ratio can be significant. Examples are given here for subsurface medium with a vertical velocity gradient range of -0.2s-1 to 0.8s-1. When the medium is treated as homogeneous in the conversion from AVO to AVA, this velocity variation causes significant errors (about 10 percent) in both the gradient of AVA and in the normal incident reflection coefficient. Such errors produce errors of similar magnitude in the inversion of AVA data into the elastic parameters of velocity, Poisson’s ratio, and density. The errors dep...
Quantification of Damage Evolution for a Micromechanical Model of Ductile Fracture in Spallation of Tantalum

Nous presentons une quantification des caracteristiques micromecaniques decrivant la rupture ductile, tels les vides, en deformation uniaxiale obtenue lors d'un test d'ecaillage sur du tantale de purete commerciale. Nous decrivons l'evolution des vides jusqu'a la rupture par: (i) la fraction volumique de vide (porosite) et sa distribution en fonction de la distance par rapport au plan d'ecaillage; et (ii) la distribution des diametres des vides. Ces resultats completent la discussion sur les implications de la coalescence des vides pour la modelisation micromecanique de la rupture ductile presentee par D.L. Tonks et al. lors de cette meme conference.
AGING IN RATS IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN ADRENAL APOLIPOPROTEIN E

Extrahepatic tissues including the adrenal cortex are capable of synthesizing apolipoprotein E (apoE). Locally synthesized apoE is believed to affect cellular uptake, transport and redistribution of cholesterol within that organ. We and another laboratory have previously reported that the adrenal cortex of aged rats has an elevated cholesteryl ester content. The aim of this work was to investigate whether this elevation is accompanied by increased adrenal apoE levels in aged rats. A Western blotting technique with polyclonal goat anti-human-apoE antiserum was employed as a probe for studies. The results showed that: (a) anti-human-apoE antiserum not only detected apoE in human plasma and adrenal homogenate, but also cross-reacted with a protein (or proteins) resembling apoE in rat plasma and adrenal homogenate (or supernatant) with a molecular weight of 34,000-36,000; (b) rat adrenal apoE concentration (per unit weight of protein) increased with age; (c) the increase did not result from blood trapped in the gland, because after organ perfusion the adrenal of aged rats persistently exhibited 58% more apoE than that of young animals. In conclusion, rat adrenal apoE concentration appears to increase with age. Whether this increase mechanistically causes the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the aged rat adrenal remains to be investigated.
Detecting seasonal queries by time-series analysis

Seasonal events such as Halloween and Christmas repeat every year and initiate several temporal information needs. The impact of such events on users is often reflected in search logs in form of seasonal spikes in the frequency of related queries (e.g. "halloween costumes", "where is santa"). Many seasonal queries such as "sigir conference" mainly target fresh pages (e.g. sigir2011.org) that have less usage data such as clicks and anchor-text compared to older alternatives (e.g.sigir2009.org). Thus, it is important for search engines to correctly identify seasonal queries and make sure that their results are temporally reordered if necessary. In this poster, we focus on detecting seasonal queries using time-series analysis. We demonstrate that the seasonality of a query can be determined with high accuracy according to its historical frequency distribution.
Experimental and computational studies of trialkylaluminum and alkylaluminum chloride reactions with silica

Reactions of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, and diethylaluminum chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride with silica gel have been studied experimentally by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The silica gel was subjected to different pretreatments to alter surface functionalities prior to reaction. In all cases the extent of surface modification reaction follows the trend unmodified > 600 degrees C pretreated > hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) pretreated > 600 degrees C/HMDZ pretreated. All of the aluminum compounds studied completely react non-hydrogen-bonded silanols, while also reacting with hydrogen-bonded silanols and siloxanes. Primarily monomeric surface species result from the surface modification reaction. Ethylaluminum chlorides preferentially react with silanols through cleavage of the Al-C bond rather than the Al-Cl bond. Singly bonded Si(s)-O-AlCl(2) surface species are readily synthesized by reaction of ethylaluminum dichloride with HMDZ-pretreated silica gel. Bridged bonded (Si(s)-O)(2)-AlCl surface species are readily synthesized by reaction of diethylaluminum chloride with HMDZ-pretreated silica gel. Computational ab initio studies of the cluster Si(4)O(6)(OH)(4) as a model to study the reaction of monomeric and dimeric methylaluminum dichloride with a silica silanol are also described. Comparison of the potential energy surface (PES) of monomer and dimer indicates that the energetics favor monomer reaction, consistent with experimental results. The energy cost in the dimer reaction is primarily from cleavage of a bridged Al-Cl bond upon adsorption. This does not occur when the monomer adsorbs. A comparison of the PES for the two reaction pathways resulting from cleavage of either an Al-Cl or Al-C bond indicates that while the former reaction is slightly kinetically favored (E(a) = 23.1 kJ/mol for Al-Cl bond cleavage versus E(a) = 31.1 kJ/mol for Al-C bond cleavage), the latter is strongly thermodynamically favored with an overall free energy difference between the two reaction pathways of 135 kJ/mol favorable to Al-C bond cleavage. These reactions are thermodynamically controlled.
Epidermal Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Wound Repair of the Skin.

Significance: The skin interfollicular epidermis (IFE) is an organism's first line of defense against a harmful environment and physical damage. During homeostasis and wound repair, the IFE is rejuvenated constantly by IFE stem cells (SCs) that are capable of both proliferation and differentiation. However, the identity and behavior of IFE SCs remain controversial. Recent Advances: Two opposing theories exist regarding homeostasis of the IFE. On the basis of morphological and proliferative characteristics, one posits that the IFE is composed of a discrete epidermal proliferative unit comprised of ∼10 transit-amplifying (TA) cells and a centrally located SC in the basal layer. The other suggests that homeostasis of the IFE is maintained by a single progenitor population in the basal layer. A recent study has challenged these two apparently distinct models and demonstrated that the basal layer of the IFE contains both SCs and TA cells, which make distinct contributions to tissue homeostasis and repair. More...
A time sequence study of a complex mechanical system design

Abstract In the present work the design of a complex mechanical system, namely the leg of a walking machine, is investigated by using a time analysis that uses specially coded boxes to identify the use of important knowledge bases and the decisions made. Based on this study, hypotheses on the generation of sub-goals and the length of the conceptual design process are proposed for future research wotk in mechanical design theory and methods.
RISK PROPENSITY AND CONFLICT BEHAVIOR IN DYADIC NEGOTIATION: SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE LABORATORY

Prior research suggests that there is enough residual uncertainty in conflict situations so that a person's attitude towards risk may influence his or her conflict behavior. This paper explores the level of dyadic conflict arising from negotiation between partners having different combinations of risk propensities. Dyadic conflict was measured as the sum of each dyadic partner's conflict score using the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‐I. Risk propensities of negotiators were induced The results from the experiment provide clear evidence in support of the research hypothesis that in a dyad, the greater the disparity between the negotiating partners in their risk‐taking propensities, the greater will be the levels of dyadic conflict. The result suggests that conflict models of negotiating under uncertainty need to include risk propensities of the players to expand their descriptive power.
Interference and Queuing Delay Based Uplink Packet Access Control in Wideband Code-Division Multiple-Access Systems

In this letter, we propose a packet access control algorithm for non-real-time, interactive packet services via dedicated channels in the uplink of wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) systems. We first derive an analytical expression of packet throughput as a function of packet queuing delay and the required signal-to-interference-plus-noise-density ratio. Based on such a relationship, we then propose a packet access control algorithm that not only maximizes the packet throughput per cell, but also provides quality of service (QoS) assurance. Practical aspects of a CDMA system such as the effects of power control inaccuracy and other cell interference are considered in the analysis.
Analysis of two-cavity gyroklystron

Small signal analytical analysis and large signal numerical calculations are presented for a gyroklystron in which a low order (TE011) mode in the bunching cavity is coupled by the electron beam to a high order (TE041) mode in the output cavity. A drift region separates the two cavities. We demonstrate that the probunching of the beam before entering the output cavity not only enhances the interaction efficiency of the TE041 mode but also improves the mode stability by suppressing the TE241 mode. The gyroklystron may be operated either as an oscillator or as an amplifier by a small variation of the applied magnetic field. The effect of the beam velocity spread on the efficiency is also investigated. It is found that the operation of the gyroklystron is more sensitive to beam velocity spread than that of a gyromonotron. Optimum conditions for a cold beam are not necessarily those for a wam beam.
Effects of β-γ coupling in transitional nuclei and the validity of the approximate separation of variables

Exact numerical diagonalization is carried out for the Bohr Hamiltonian with a \ensuremath{\beta}-soft, axially stabilized potential. Wave function and observable properties are found to be dominated by strong $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coupling effects. The validity of the approximate separation of variables introduced with the $X(5)$ model, extensively applied in recent analyses of axially stabilized transitional nuclei, is examined, and the reasons for its breakdown are analyzed.
Resistivity and hall effect of EuS in high magnetic fields

Abstract The large resistivity peak in EuS is completely suppressed at high fields where the mobility is much higher. Magnetic saturation in high fields results in a constant resistivity and a constant carrier concentration. At 4.2K the resistivity and Hall voltage exhibit hysteresis.
Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model

Much experimental evidence indicates that choice depends on the status quo or reference level: changes of reference point often lead to reversals of preference. We present a reference-dependent theory of consumer choice, which explains such effects by a deformation of indifference curves about the reference point. The central assumption of the theory is that losses and disadvantages have greater impact on preferences than gains and advantages. Implications of loss aversion for economic behavior are considered. The standard models of decision making assume that preferences do not depend on current assets. This assumption greatly simplifies the analysis of individual choice and the prediction of trades: indifference curves are drawn without reference to current holdings, and the Coase theorem asserts that, except for transaction costs, initial entitlements do not affect final allocations. The facts of the matter are more complex. There is substantial evidence that initial entitlements do matter and that the rate of exchange between goods can be quite different depending on which is acquired and which is given up, even in the absence of transaction costs or income effects. In accord with a psychological analysis of value, reference levels play a large role in determining preferences. In the present paper we review the evidence for this proposition and offer a theory that generalizes the standard model by introducing a reference state. The present analysis of riskless choice extends our treatment of choice under uncertainty [Kahneman and Tversky, 1979, 1984; Tversky and Kahneman, 1991], in which the outcomes of risky prospects are evaluated by a value function that has three essential characteristics. Reference dependence: the carriers of value are gains and losses defined relative to a reference point. Loss aversion: the function is steeper in the negative than in the positive domain; losses loom larger than corresponding gains. Diminishing sensitivity: the marginal value of both gains and losses decreases with their
Stable isotope evidence for entry of sewage-derived organic material into a deep-sea food web

CHRONIC pollution of the open ocean has occurred since 1986 through disposal of municipal sewage sludge at a deep-water (∼2,500 m) dumpsite off the coast of New Jersey. Dispersal and dilution of sewage particulates in surface waters were presumed to be sufficient to prevent or minimize accumulation of detectable amounts of sewage-derived material on the sea floor. Using stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur as tracers of sewage-derived organic material, we show here that this material reaches the sea floor and enters the benthic food web, specifically through surface-deposit feeding activities of the urchin, Echinus affinus and the sea cucumber, Benthodytes sanguinolenta.
The potential for dose escalation in lung cancer as a result of systematically reducing margins used to generate planning target volume.

Purpose: To determine how much the radiation dose to lung tumors could be increased as the margins used to generate planning target volume (PTV) are reduced. Methods and Materials: Treatment plans for 18 patients with non–small-cell lung carcinoma were retrospectively generated. Dose escalation was performed in two phases: The dose was increased as long as healthy tissue dose–volume constraints did not exceed ( 1 ) the values from the treatment plan originally used for the patients and ( 2 ) clinically acceptable values. Results: No correlation of dose escalation was observed with tumor location, tumor stage, tumor motion, and tumor volume. An increase in dose was observed for many of the patients with as little as 2-mm uniform reduction in PTV margin, with increases in mean PTV dose exceeding 15 Gy for 5 patients. Sixteen of 18 patients experienced a decrease in mean heart, esophagus, and lung dose when margins were reduced and prescription doses were increased. Conclusions: Reduced margins allowed an increased dose to the tumors. However, a much larger dose escalation was possible for some patients but not for others, demonstrating that each patient is different, so individual treatment plans must be tailored for maximum tumor coverage and minimum exposure of healthy tissue.
Determination of Henry's law constants through transition matrix Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract We present results for the Henry's law constant of methane, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in saturated liquid ethanol at temperatures of 323 and 373 K. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted in an expanded isothermal–isobaric ensemble in which the interactions between a solute particle and the solvent are gradually increased over a series of steps. A self-adaptive transition matrix Monte Carlo method is used to determine infinite-dilution excess chemical potential values for the solute. The TraPPE force field is used to describe molecular interactions. Henry's law constants follow the trend: nitrogen > oxygen > methane > carbon dioxide. Agreement between modeling and experimental values is reasonable.
Reed-Muller universal logic module and its application to function realization

A structure device known as the Reed-Muller universal logic module (RM-ULM) is developed based on a theorem extended from Shannon's expansion theorem to modulo-2 logic. To realize Reed-Muller polynomials in fixed-polarity using RM-ULMs, the problem becomes one of minimization for multiple-output functions. An existing algorithm for minimization of RM polynomials in fixed polarity is modified and applied to the realization of switching functions using RM-ULMs.
Individual, strain and age differences in cholinesterase activity of the rat brain.

Author(s): Bennett, Edward L.; Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Krech, David; Karlsson, Hilda; Dye, Nancy; Ohlander, Ann.
Bounds on aperiodic cross-correlation for binary sequences

Results are presented which relate the mean-squared value of the aperiodic crosscorrelation function for periodic binary sequences to their aperiodic autocorrelation function. Bounds on the mean-squared aperiodic crosscorrelation are given in terms of the mean-squared aperiodic autocorrelation.
Field‐aligned current observations in the polar cusp ionosphere

Vector magnetic field measurements made during a sounding rocket flight in the polar cusp ionosphere show field fluctuations in the lower F-region which are interpreted as being caused by the payload's passage through a structured field aligned current system. The field aligned currents have a characteristic horizontal scale size of one kilometer. Analysis of one large field fluctuation gives a current density of 0.0001 amp/m sq.
Aldosterone modulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and glomerulosclerosis in vivo

Aldosterone modulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and glomerulosclerosis in vivo. Background Aldosterone promotes nephrosclerosis in several rat models, whereas aldosterone receptor antagonism blunts the effect of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on nephrosclerosis, independent of effects on blood pressure. Based on recent findings linking activation of the RAAS with impaired fibrinolytic balance, we hypothesized that aldosterone induces sclerosis through effects on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activation. Methods We examined the effect of aldosterone antagonism on the development of sclerosis and on renal PAI-1 expression following radiation injury in the rat. Following a single dose of 12 Gy to the kidneys, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with placebo, the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone (4.5 mg/day by time-release subcutaneous pellet), the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist L158-809 (AT 1 RA; 80 mg/L drinking water), or combined spironolactone and AT 1 RA. Results Rats treated with placebo developed significant proteinuria and nephrosclerosis 12 weeks following radiation associated with hypertension. Kidney PAI-1 mRNA expression was increased eightfold ( P P = NS), whereas AT 1 RA alone (107.7 ± 8.9 mm Hg, P = 0.013 vs. placebo) or in combination therapy (102.1 ± 6.2 mm Hg, P = 0.001 vs. placebo) lowered blood pressure. Both the AT 1 RA and spironolactone decreased proteinuria following radiation ( P 1 RA + spironolactone had a greater effect on proteinuria than spironolactone alone ( P = 0.003). Aldosterone antagonism significantly decreased ( P = 0.016 vs. placebo) and AT 1 RA virtually abolished ( P = 0.001 vs. placebo) the development of sclerosis. Spironolactone significantly decreased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the kidneys of radiated animals (PAI-1 mRNA/GAPDH ratio 0.39 ± 0.13 vs. placebo 0.84 ± 0.05, P = 0.006), and there was a significant correlation between the degree of sclerosis and the level of PAI-1 immunostaining within individual rats ( R 2 = 0.97, P Conclusion This study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that aldosterone regulates PAI-1 expression in vivo, and supports the hypothesis that aldosterone induces renal injury through its effects on PAI-1 expression.
Objective assessment of multimodality optical coherence tomography and second-harmonic generation image quality of ex vivo mouse ovaries using human observers

Ovarian cancer is particularly deadly because it is usually diagnosed after it has begun to spread. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is the most common imaging screening technique. However, routine use of TVS has not reduced ovarian cancer mortality. The superior resolution of optical imaging techniques may make them attractive alternatives to TVS. We have previously identified features of ovarian cancer using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and secondharmonic generation (SHG) microscopy (with collagen as the targeted fluorophore). OCT provides a gross anatomical image of the ovary while SHG provides a closer look at a particular region. Knowing these anatomical features, we sought to investigate the diagnostic potential of OCT and SHG. We conducted a fully crossed, multi-reader, multi-case study using seven human observers. Each observer classified 44 ex vivo mouse ovaries as normal or abnormal from OCT, SHG, and simultaneous, co-registered OCT and SHG images and provided a confidence rating on a three-point ordinal scale. We determined the average receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the ROC curves (AUC), and other quantitative figures of merit. The results show that OCT has diagnostic potential with an average AUC of 0.91 ± 0.03. The average AUC for SHG was less promising at 0.71 ± 0.06. Interestingly, the average AUC for simultaneous, co-registered OCT and SHG was not significantly different from OCT alone. This suggests that collagen may not be a useful fluorophore for ovarian cancer screening. The high performance of OCT warrants further investigation.
Salt-isoelectric-density gradient (SID) purification of rabbit IgG.

SummaryA high-purity micromethod called Salt—Isoelectric—Density Method (SID) for simultaneous isolation of multiple IgG (or IgG and IgM) samples is described. Kinetics of the immune response to mixed flagellate antigens isolated by the SID method is described.
Mentoring Women Doctoral Students to Become Community Leaders

Mentoring female doctoral students to become leaders in their communities is one of the main objectives of Sierra Education and Research Institute SERI. Doctoral level female students were given the opportunity to assist in the development, implementation, and maintenance of a number of community programs at SERI. Seven former and current doctoral students discuss the effects of their mentoring and leadership training on their development as professionals, and describe a moment of growth. All of these women have continued to grow and develop into leaders in their own right, mentoring the next generation of doctoral candidates.
TML: a description language for Markov chain usage models

Abstract Finite-state Markov chains have proven useful as a model to characterize a population of uses of a software system. This paper presents a language (TML) for describing these models in a manner that supports development, reuse, and automated testing. TML provides a simple representation of usage models, while formalizing modeling techniques already in use informally.
Cytotaxonomic Position of Crotalaria Brownei Bert. ex DC

1. The taxonomic position and history of C. Brownei has been described and compared with C. saltiana.2. The somatic chromosome number of C. Brownei has been determined to be 16, which is reported for the first time.3. The mitosis of the two species has been studied and their karyotypes analysed on the basis of morphology and length of the chromosomes and the position of the centromere. The differences between the two species have been pointed out.4. The identification of C. Brownei as separate taxonomic species has been confirmed on cytological evidences and it is suggested that the species should not be merged with C. saltiana.5. It has been further suggested that C. Brownei, is a relatively primitive species as compared to C. saltiana.
Mental health consultation with government agencies: a comparison of two cases

Few case histories of “unsuccessful” mental health planning consultation have been reported in the literature. Two case histories are herein presented, one considered “successful” (by criteria described in the paper) and one considered not. Examination of these two cases underscores the importance of (1) explicit definition of task, (2) access of the consultant to policy makers, (3) access to the target population, (4) consultant control over his own schedule, and (5) adequate logistic support. Practical recommendations are included for achieving these steps.
Fighting for His Majesty (I): Accretion of the Greater Shang (ca. 1200-1045 B.C.)

AbstractA series of new archaeological excavations in China has enriched the study of ancient Shang and Zhou history. Many Chinese scholars have devoted considerable research to the recently deciphered oracle bone inscriptions, which have illuminated the military and religious practices of the Shang in greater detail. Their achievements enable us to arrive at new understandings about the processes, purposes, and strategies employed by the Shang people to expand their territory. This article explores the structure of the Great Settlement of the Shang and what life was like in the late Shang period. Also, it intends to shed new light on the wars between the Shang and their enemies, including their military arrangements, the major generals of the Shang king, and their strategies for building alliances. Finally, I argue that the chief purpose of Shang expansion to the south was to procure a supply of a key natural resource, copper.
Gender role identity from an ego developmental perspective

This study, designed to respond to current limitations in gender role identity measurement, presents a conceptual and empirical approach to gender role identity that relies on ego developmental theory. To begin the process of construct validation of this approach to gender role identity, gender role identity was examined in relation to ego development, gender, and marital status. Gender role identity was measured via an interview adapted from Waterman and by the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Ego development was assessed via Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. The sample consisted of 107 young adult men and women, married and single. In support of construct validity, the gender role interview was found to be correlated with the ego development measure. In support of discriminant validity, different patterns of correlates by gender were found between the gender role interview and the Bem Sex Role Inventory.
The Evolution of Power Measurement

Although the availability of power sensors in computers has increased substantially, there is a continued need for full-system direct power measurement.
The vortex patch problem for the surface quasi-geostrophic equation

In this article, the analog of the Euler vortex patch problem for the surface quasi-geostrophic equation is considered.
Obstacles in the implementation of anaerobic treatment technology

Abstract The anaerobic methane fermentation process is able to be used for a wide variety of applications. These applications are in various stages of development — from proven technologies to developing technologies. Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment fall in between these extremes; they are developed, but not fully proven. This paper concentrates on these two applications in terms of obstacles to their full implementation. While much progress has been made in the use of anaerobic treatment for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, the development and implementation has not been as quick as was expected by numerous researchers and practitioners. Possible reasons for this delay are discussed. Perhaps the most significant obstacle is lack of experience with the process. In reviewing the history and subsequent development of sanitary engineering, it can be seen that engineering practice often has to run ahead of basic science to resolve sanitation challenges. Because of this, there is often a long lag time between the implementation of technology and a rational design procedure for that technology. Rational design procedures are needed to build and operate reliable, economic, wastewater treatment processes. This assures credibility for the engineers and the operators of such technologies. Rational design must depend on both advances in basic science as well as accumulated operating experience and, ultimately, this takes time.
Micronucleation of human somatic cells with colcemid

A method is described for the production with colcemid of micronucleate cells from normal human fibroblasts (Detroit 550) and human aneuploid D98/AH2 cells. The colcemid dose is titrated to a concentration that prevents cellular attachment to, and spreading on, the substrate following attempted mitosis. Washing out the drug with growth medium followed by incubation in drug-free medium for 12 to 24 h produces micronucleate cells. The percentage of micronucleation obtainable is 50 to 70% by treatment with 0.1 ug/ml colcemid for 24 h followed by incubation of floating blocked mitotic cells in drug-free growth medium.
Purging disorder: an ominous variant of bulimia nervosa?

Objective The current study evaluates the clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder (PD), an eating disorder characterized by recurrent purging in the absence of objective binge episodes (OBE) among normal-weight individuals. Method Women with PD (n = 37), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 39), or no eating disorder (n = 35) completed clinical assessments. Women with PD (n = 23) and BN (n = 25) completed 6-month follow-up assessments. Results Compared with controls, both eating-disordered groups reported significantly higher eating, Axis I, and Axis II pathology. Compared with BN, PD was associated with significantly lower eating concerns, disinhibition, and hunger. At 6-month follow-up, rates of remission did not differ significantly between PD and BN, and crossover between disorders was rare. Conclusion PD appears to be a clinically significant and potentially distinctive eating disorder. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: Does this affect ecosystem processes?

Invasion of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum into stands of the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii significantly reduced the abundance of soil biota, especially microarthropods and nematodes. Effects of invasion on active and total bacterial and fungal biomass were variable, although populations generally increased after 50+ years of invasion. The invasion of Bromus also resulted in a decrease in richness and a species shift in plants, microarthropods, fungi, and nematodes. However, despite the depauperate soil fauna at the invaded sites, no effects were seen on cellulose decomposition rates, nitrogen mineralization rates, or vascular plant growth. When Hilaria was planted into soils from not-invaded, recently invaded, and historically invaded sites (all currently or once dominated by Hilaria), germination and survivorship were not affected. In contrast, aboveground Hilaria biomass was significantly greater in recently invaded soils than in the other two soils. We attributed the Hilaria respons...
PATTERNS OF MOLECULAR VARIATION. II. ASSOCIATIONS OF ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY AND LARVAL SUBSTRATE WITHIN SPECIES OF THE DROSOPHILA MULLERI COMPLEX

Electromorphic variation among populations of Drosophila mojavensis, D. arizonensis and D. longicornis was examined for seven genetic loci. The average electrophoretic mobility for a population was used as the metric. D. mojavensis and D. arizonensis use larval substrates in different parts of their geographic ranges, while D. longicornis is more narrowly restricted to different species of the cactus Opuntia in different localities. There is marked electromorphic variation among populations of either D. mojavensis of D. arizonensis, and the bulk of this variation is accounted for by differences in laval substrate. There is somewhat less variation among populations of D. longicornis, and only a moderate portion of this is accounted for by larval substrate differences. There appears to be an association between the taxonomic diversity of the larval substrates and the electromorphic diversity of the Drosophila populations utilizing those substrates. Evidence is reviewed that suggests physiological mechanisms for these possibly adaptive associations.
Condom distribution: a cost-utility analysis.

Objective: To explore the cost-effectiveness of a condom distribution programme. Methods: We conducted a cost-utility analysis of a social marketing campaign in which over 33 million condoms were m...
CIRCA: a cooperative intelligent real-time control architecture

Most research into applying AI techniques to real-time control problems has limited the power of AI methods or embedded reactivity in an AI system. An alternative, cooperative architecture is presented. It uses separate AI and real-time subsystems to address the problems for which each is designed. A structured interface allows the subsystems to communicate without compromising their respective performance goals. By reasoning about its own bounded reactivity, cooperative intelligent real-time control architecture (CIRCA) can guarantee that it will meet hard deadlines while still using unpredictable AI methods. With its abilities to guarantee or trade off the timeliness, precision, confidence, and completeness of its output, CIRCA provides more flexible performance than previous systems. >
Process-Based Experiment for Design Tool Assessment in Real-Time Safety-Critical Software Development

The paper presents selected experimental results of evaluating six real-time software development tools for use in safety-critical systems. The experiments were designed to collect data, such as project effort, code size, functionality, traceability, etc., in four stages: preparation, model/code development, measurements, and postmortem. Preliminary experiments were conducted to enable fully controlled experiments for the development of well defined but simple real-time systems. The results give the base for successful determination of tool quality and making preliminary conclusions on potential qualification
The Importance of Scale in Assessing the Compatibility of Forest Commodities and Biodiversity

The idea that forest commodities and biological diversity can be simultaneously produced from the same area in a socially acceptable manner (Haynes et al. 2002) is common in natural resources management, but is infrequently tested in natural resources science. This concept is related to the principle of multiple use, which was encoded in the Multiple-Use Sustained Yield Act of 1960 and endorsed in the National Forest Management Act of 1976. It is clear from the heated controversies and changes in forest management in recent decades that managers of the national forests have found it extremely difficult to achieve a socially acceptable mix of commodity production and biodiversity conditions. Although the idea of compatible uses is prevalent, systematic scientific approaches rarely have been used to test particular management approaches at any spatial scale (Haynes et al. 2002). Field experiments have only recently begun to evaluate consequences of alternative stand-level management activities on both commodities and measures of biological diversity (Monserud 2002). While information from silvicultural experiments is certainly needed, finding compatible mixes of different forest uses requires a multiscale perspective. Ecological, social, and economic patterns and processes occur at different scales within spatial, temporal, and phenomeno-logical hierarchies. What may appear compatible at one scale may not be at another.
Finding saddles on multidimensional potential surfaces

Abstract A method is presented which directly locates saddle points on multidimensionl potential energy surfaces. The method is simple to implement and can be used whenever steepest decent quenches are applicable. As an example, it is applied to a molecular dynamics study of the low-energy isomerizations of Ar 7 .
A Computer Controlled Aircraft Defense System (CCADS)

The problems and complexities of defending military aircraft from hostile forces are described. Many different types of weapon systems may be encountered, requiring rapid, accurate countermeasures for survival. It is shown how computer generation of a tactical situation display and computer control of aircraft sensors and countermeasures enhances aircraft survival, compared to autonomous or manual approaches.
Complex notation for the dielectric response of ferroelectric materials beyond the small sinusoidal fields

For the polarization response beyond the small field range, Rayleigh's law has been introduced in the past to describe the field-dependent behavior (with loss) of ferroelectric materials with some success. We examine the relationship between Rayleigh's law and the complex dielectric constant notation that has been used widely in the scientific and engineering community; and we show that a modified complex notation can describe the field-dependent dielectric response with loss in the small and medium field range quite well. In addition, the modified complex notation easily can include a field independent dielectric loss that is, in fact, present in all the dielectric materials. The results also show that the alternating current (AC) field response is still predominantly linear with the amplitude and phase of the complex coefficient changing with the applied field amplitude
Respiratory Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain infection induces Th17 cells and prostaglandin E2, which inhibits generation of gamma interferon-positive T cells

Two key routes of Francisella tularensis infection are through the skin and airway. We wished to understand how the route of inoculation influenced the primary acute adaptive immune response. We show that an intranasal inoculation of the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) with a 1,000-fold-smaller dose than an intradermal dose results in similar growth kinetics and peak bacterial burdens. In spite of similar bacterial burdens, we demonstrate a difference in the quality, magnitude, and kinetics of the primary acute T-cell response depending on the route of inoculation. Further, we show that prostaglandin E2 secretion in the lung is responsible for the difference in the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response. Intradermal inoculation led to a large number of IFN-γ+ T cells 7 days after infection in both the spleen and the lung. In contrast, intranasal inoculation induced a lower number of IFN-γ+ T cells in the spleen and lung but an increased number of Th17 cells in the lung. Intranasal infection also led to a significant increase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inhibition of PGE2 production with indomethacin treatment resulted in increased numbers of IFN-γ+ T cells and decreased bacteremia in the lungs of intranasally inoculated mice. This research illuminates critical differences in acute adaptive immune responses between inhalational and dermal infection with F. tularensis LVS mediated by the innate immune system and PGE2.
Using Personal Response System technology and Concept Check Modules to improve students’ learning experience: A case study

As a result of a Faculty Development Grant in Instructional Innovation with technology, the materials science course was selected to implement innovative, creative instructional teaching strategies with the use of technology. One of the technologies employed was a personal response system (PRS). This is a tool employed to promote active learning in class, to increase participation, to measure conceptual comprehension and to support Millennial Learners. In order to achieve these goals, Concept Check Modules, which integrate PRS, were designed, created and implemented. They were executed the class before each regular exam in order to obtain an immediate assessment of the students conceptual knowledge. Each student's individual responses were tracked and, later on, correlated to their exam performance. The four exams administered during the semester correspond to 46.5% of the students' final grade. After the correlation was performed, it was observed that the overall performance of the students in the course increased. This paper describes the implementation of PRS and Concept Check Modules as well as the results and feedback obtained. Finally, the lessons learned and challenges experienced will be discussed.
Viscosity of Alaska Heavy Oil Saturated with Methane

Viscosity, μ, of Ugnu heavy oil (North Slope of Alaska, USA) saturated with methane was measured at temperatures from 0 to 60 °C, pressure from 15 to 1800 psi, and shear rate of 0.1–500 s–1 using a high-pressure rheology apparatus constructed for this work. Under all saturated conditions, the oil behaves as a Newtonian fluid. The influence of temperature, pressure, and methane concentration was analyzed, and important regularities in the viscosity were established. A two-variable Antoine-type correlation, μ = f(T, p), with 6 fitting parameters was developed using 48 points on a p,T,μ-diagram for Ugnu oil. Since produced oil is accompanied by sand and water, their influence on the viscosity of Ugnu oil saturated with methane at 1500 psi was also studied. The relative viscosity of the Ugnu oil + water emulsions at temperatures from 2 to 60 °C increased linearly with increasing water concentration from 0 to 20 wt % following the Einstein viscosity model for dilute suspensions. Although possible in the time s...
EXPERIENCES WITH FUROSEMIDE IN RENAL DISEASE.

SummaryA new diuretic compound, furo-semide, has been studied in patients with renal disease. Doses of 40 mg intravenously were capable of producing large diureses of sodium, chloride, and water without adverse effects. Preliminary results with oral administration suggest that the drug may prove to be a useful therapeutic agent.
Insulin Stimulated PI-3 Kinase Activity in Skeletal Muscle is Upregulated with Angiotensin II Blockade in Burn Injured Rats

We showed in burn-induced insulin resistance that blockade of angiotension II type I receptors with losartan enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity and increased phosphoserine AKT levels, a critic...
A unified formulation for predictive modeling of guided-ultrasonic wave dispersion curves in metallic and composite materials

To predict dispersion curves it is common to use different solution approaches depending on the material type, isotropic or composite, of the medium in which the wave propagates. The two different solution methods are defined in different domains, frequency–wavespeed domain for isotropic materials, and wavenumber–wavespeed domain for composites which can lead to difficulties, and unsatisfying results when predicting the dispersion curves for hybrid laminates which contain both isotropic and composite materials. This article, therefore, proposes a unified formulation defined in the wavenumber–wavespeed domain for both isotropic and composite materials. The unified formulation, simple, and mathematically straightforward formulation, utilizes Christoffel’s equation for a lamina to obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are then used to set up the field matrix from which the dispersion curves could be retrieved. Once the dispersion curves were obtained the waves are grouped ...
Tensor products of faithful modules

Author(s): Bergman, George M | Abstract: If $k$ is a field, $A$ and $B$ $k$-algebras, $M$ a faithful left $A$-module, and $N$ a faithful left $B$-module, we recall the proof that the left $A\otimes_k B$-module $M\otimes_k N$ is again faithful. If $k$ is a general commutative ring, we note some conditions on $A,$ $B,$ $M$ and $N$ that do, and others that do not, imply the same conclusion. Finally, we note a version of the main result that does not involve any algebra structures on $A$ and $B.$
Maltsev families of varieties closed under join or Maltsev product

Maltsev families of varieties which are closed under join or Maltsev product are investigated. New Maltsev conditions for congruence semi-distributivity are given.
Cardiac use and effects of contrast agents

A consideration of the cardiac effects of contrast agents is important for several reasons. First, all contrast agents have some measurable effect on the heart and cardiovascular system when injected, regardless of site of injection. Secondly, injection of contrast agents at high concentrations and high doses both in and around the heart is common for examinations including the now rare intravenous DSA studies, pulmonary angiography and coronary artery interventions. Thirdly, the most severe adverse reactions encountered with contrast agents all have cardiac components, and many such reactions may, in fact, be secondary to direct cardiac effects. Finally, a substantial body of work exists examining the effects of contrast agents on various aspects of cardiac function. Such studies shed substantial light on the adverse effects of contrast agents in general.
THE ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF THE SERUM PROTEINS OF MICE INFECTED WITH TOXOPLASMA GONDII

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study analyzing the electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins of mice infected with Toxoplasma Gondii. The changes in the paper electrophoretic pattern of mouse serum during the course of infection with Toxoplasma gondii were observed in adrenalectomized and nonadrenalectomized mice. Male albino Swiss-Webster mice, 20–30 g in weight were used and were derived a strain that was free of latent toxoplasmosis but highly susceptible to the infection. Six days elapsed between the time of adrenalectomy and experimental use. A drinking solution of 0.9% sodium chloride was available to the adrenalectomized mice at all times. Cortisone in the dose of 0.1 mg per mouse was injected subcutaneously into the adrenalectomized animals two days prior to Toxoplasma inoculation and daily doses of cortisone were administered thereafter. The nonadrenalectomized mice received the same amount of Toxoplasma by the same route but no cortisone was given. The results showed that in adrenalectomized mice, there was a steady decrease in the albumin fraction with the most marked decrease occurring between the 4th and 5th days. The gamma globulin and alpha globulin decreased over the five days of infection.
DESIGN, COMPUTER DERIVED STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THREE BICYCLIC GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) ANTAGONISTS

In order to determine the bioactive conformation of GnRH we decided to synthesize fully rigid and biologically active analogs which could be studied ultimately by NMR spectroscopy or X-ray crystallography. Because we had found that bridging GnRH sequences at positions 1 and 10 or 4 and 10 in fact lead to partial agonists and antagonists resp., and because we have more latitude in the selection of amino acid substitutions in the design of antagonists, we designed, synthesized and tested cyclic GnRH antagonists. These antagonists are characterized by specific substitutions at positions 1, 2 and 3. Here, we show that some antagonists of GnRH which had been bridged at positions 4 and 10 and had been found to be equipotent to the most potent linear analogs, could be further constrained by the introduction of a second bridge between residues 5 and 8 with retention of high potency.