cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential reaction paths in NOx reduction over Cu/ZSM-5

The reaction of NO with adsorbed acetone oxime has been studied over Cu/ZSM-5 employing FTIR and MS. It is found that15NOgas reacts with14N labelled acetone oxime and/or its hydrolysis product, hydroxylamine, to form14N15NO and14N15N at 40°C. As acetone oxime is easily formed from alkyl radicals and NO via alkylnitroso compounds, the results indicate possible reaction paths for the SCR of NO x by hydrocarbons over zeolite based catalysts. The isotopic data suggest predominant formation of N-N bonds occurs via interaction of gaseous NO with a nitrogen containing adsorbed complex.
Mutational Analysis of Photosystem I Polypeptides in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. TARGETED INACTIVATION OF psaI REVEALS THE FUNCTION OF PsaI IN THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PsaL

We cloned, characterized, and inactivated the psaI gene encoding a 4-kDa hydrophobic subunit of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The psaI gene is located 90 base pairs downstream from psaL, and is transcribed on 0.94- and 0.32-kilobase transcripts. To identify the function of PsaI, we generated a cyanobacterial strain in which psaI has been interrupted by a gene for chloramphenicol resistance. The wild-type and the mutant cells showed comparable rates of photoautotrophic growth at 25 degrees C. However, the mutant cells grew slower and contained less chlorophyll than the wild-type cells, when grown at 40 degrees C. The PsaI-less membranes from cells grown at either temperature showed a small decrease in NADP+ photoreduction rate when compared to the wild-type membranes. Inactivation of psaI led to an 80% decrease in the PsaL level in the photosynthetic membranes and to a complete loss of PsaL in the purified photosystem I preparations, but had little effect on the accumulation of other photosystem I subunits. Upon solubilization with nonionic detergents, photosystem I trimers could be obtained from the wild-type, but not from the PsaI-less membranes. The PsaI-less photosystem I monomers did not contain detectable levels of PsaL. Therefore, a structural interaction between PsaL and PsaI may stabilize the association of PsaL with the photosystem I core. PsaL in the wild-type and PsaI-less membranes showed equal resistance to removal by chaotropic agents. However, PsaL in the PsaI-less strain exhibited an increased susceptibility to proteolysis. From these data, we conclude that PsaI has a crucial role in aiding normal structural organization of PsaL within the photosystem I complex and the absence of PsaI alters PsaL organization, leading to a small, but physiologically significant, defect in photosystem I function.
Weight-proportional Space Partitioning Using Adaptive Voronoi Diagrams

Traditional application of Voronoi diagrams for space partitioning results in Voronoi regions, each with a specific area determined by the generators' relative locations and weights. Particularly in the area of information space (re)construction, however, there is a need for inverse solutions; i.e., finding weights that result in regions with predefined area ratios. In this paper, we formulate an adaptive Voronoi solution and propose a raster-based optimization method for finding the associated weight set. The solution consists of a combination of simple, fixed-point iteration with an optional spatial resolution refinement along the regions' boundaries using quadtree decomposition. We present the corresponding algorithm and its complexity analysis. The method is successfully tested on a series of ideal---typical cases and the interactions between the adaptive technique and boundary resolution refinement are explored and assessed.
Comparative chromatography of the yolk proteins of teleosts.

Abstract 1. 1. A method has been developed whereby the teleost egg-yolk constituents may be chromatographed on TEAE-cellulose; chromatographic patterns are provided for thirteen different species of fish. 2. 2. Protein nitrogen, protein-phosphorus and lipid analyses have been performed onsome of the isolated fractions. These determinations indicate that teleost lipovitellins (with the exception of the toadfish) are less phosphorylated than other vertebrate lipovitellins. 3. 3. Evidence indicated that the eggs of several marine species are relatively lacking in phosvitin. 4. 4. The multiplicity of components found in teleost egg-yolk extracts has been attributed (a) to the presence of proteins other than lipovitelin and phosvitin, adn (b) to heterogeneously phosphorylated lipovitellin and phosvitin. 5. 5. Three major components have been described from the trout egg. It is suggested from the data that they represent lipovitellin, phosvitin and a serum protein.
Engineering for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Bio-Diesel Production

Abstract Engineering for sustainable development (ESD) is an integrated systems approach, which aims at developing a balance between the requirements of the current stakeholders without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs. This is a multi-criteria decision-making process that involves the identification of the most optimal sustainable process, which satisfies economic, ecological, social criteria as well as safety and health requirements. Certain difficulties are encountered when ESD is applied such as ill-defined criteria, scarcity of information, lack of process-specific data, metrics and the need to satisfy multiple decision makers. To overcome these difficulties ESD can be broken down into three major steps, starting with the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the process, followed by generation of non-dominating alternatives, and finally selecting the most sustainable process by employing an analytic hierarchical selection process. This methodology starts with the prioritization of the sustainability metrics (health and safety, economic, ecological and social components). Then the alternatives are subjected to a pair-wise comparison with respect to each Sustainable Development (SD) indicator and prioritized depending on their performance. The SD indicator priority score and each individual alternative's performance score together are used to determine the most sustainable alternative. In this paper, the analysis approach and metrics for ESD are applied to bio-diesel production.
Limits for High-Speed Operation of Gas Foil Bearings

Commercial oil-free microturbomachinery implements gas foil bearings (GFBs) for reliable performance with improved efficiency. However, GFB modeling is still largely empirical, lacking experimental validation. An analysis of simple GFBs operating at large shaft speeds (infinite speed number) follows. The bearing ultimate load and stiffness coefficients are derived from simple algebraic equations for the gas film pressures at the equilibrium journal position and due to small amplitude journal motions, respectively. GFBs without a clearance or with assembly interference are easily modeled. The underlying elastic structure (bump foil strip) determines the ultimate load capacity of a GFB as well as its stiffnesses, along with the limiting journal displacement and structural deformation. Thus, an accurate estimation of the actual minimum film thickness is found prior to performing calculations with a complex computational model, even for the case of large loads that result in a journal eccentricity well exceeding the nominal clearance, if applicable. An initial assembly preload (interference between shaft and foil) increases the GFB static stiffness at both null and infinite rotor speeds. At infinite speed, cross-coupled stiffnesses are nil, and thus, GFBs are impervious to hydrodynamic whirl instability.
One- and two-year prospective follow-up of cognitive behavior therapy or supportive psychotherapy

We followed up over 90% of 57 motor vehicle accident survivors, who completed a controlled comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to supportive psychotherapy (SUPPORT). One-year results showed a continued significant advantage on categorical diagnosis (PTSD or not) and structured interview measures (CAPS) for CBT over SUPPORT. Other measures generally showed the same results. At two years, we were able to follow-up only 75% of one-year completers. Although there continued to be arithmetic differences favoring CBT over SUPPORT, with these attenuated samples only differences on PTSD Checklist and Impact of Event Scale scores and in overall categorical diagnoses were significant. There was very modest improvement from end of treatment to the two-year follow-up.
A fluorescent modification of adenosine triphosphate with activity in enzyme systems: 1,N 6 -ethenoadenosine triphosphate.

A new, highly fluorescent adenosine triphophate (ATP) analog, 1,N6 ethenoadenosine triphosphate, has been synthesized. Its fluorescence properties, including the long fluorescence lifetime and the possibility of detection at very low concentrations, in conjunction with its activity in the representative enzyme systems here reported, make it a valuable probe of enzymic mechanism and structure.
Correction of Offset in MDI/SOHO Magnetograms

Shutter noise induces a small random shift of the zero point in full-disk magnetograms obtained by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument aboard SOHO. In this paper, we develop a method to remove this offset by fitting the distribution of the magnetic field strength with a Gaussian function (Ulrich et al., 2002). We also discover a systematic error in the five-minute magnetograms that are the sum of five individual magnetograms computed on-board; this error can be removed together with the offset. The mean solar magnetic field and synoptic frames derived from corrected magnetograms show significant improvement. Standard synoptic charts benefit from reduced noise and elimination of systematic errors in the individual magnetograms. This indicates that this correction is effective and necessary.
Structural segmentation, inversion, and salt tectonics on a passive margin: Evolution of the Inner Kwanza Basin, Angola

The Kwanza Basin, Angola, is divided into the Inner and Outer Kwanza salt basins, separated by a chain of synrift basement highs on which Aptian (112–122 Ma) salt is thin or absent. North- to northwest-trending basement structures in the Inner Kwanza Basin have repeatedly been reactivated since Neocomian (144–127 Ma) rifting. Reactivation formed three northwest-striking fold-and-thrust belts near basement uplifts. The thrust belts are bounded by northeast-striking rift-related transfer-fault zones that were apparently reactivated during subsequent shortening. Three episodes of postrift, basement-involved shortening are documented in the Inner Kwanza Basin: (1) Albian–early Cenomanian (112–96 Ma), (2) Senonian (89–65 Ma), and (3) Oligocene–Holocene (34–0 Ma). We relate the Albian–early Cenomanian event to ridge push, the Senonian event to global-plate reorganization, and Oligocene–Holocene shortening to uplift of the African superswell. Structural segmentation of the Inner Kwanza Basin controlled the evolution of salt structures. Adjacent to basement uplifts, diapirs were initiated as buckle folds. Some anticlines were unroofed by erosion and evolved into passive salt walls. Elsewhere, broad salt walls were triggered by either detached extension or basement-block uplift. These walls grew until they exhausted their supply of salt. Thereafter, dissolution rates exceeded rates of salt inflow, so the walls began to subside. Withdrawal of salt from the walls produced the elongate sedimentary troughs for which the basin is famous. Trough fill ranges in age from Cenomanian to Pliocene, and this age varies greatly from trough to trough and along strike within troughs.
Histone acetylation and deacetylation in yeast

Histone acetylation and deacetylation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae occur by targeting acetyltransferase and deacetylase enzymes to gene promoters and, in an untargeted and global manner, by affecting most nucleosomes. Recently, new roles for histone acetylation have been uncovered, not only in transcription but also in DNA replication, repair and heterochromatin formation. Interestingly, specific acetylatable lysines can function as binding sites for regulatory factors. Moreover, histone deacetylation is not only repressive but can be required for gene activity.
Habitat heterogeneity and foraging efficiency: an individual-based model

We present a rule-based, event-driven model of foraging behavior, and use it to demonstrate the influence of structure and variability of habitats in determining the foraging efficiency of an individual herbivore. The structural and distributional properties of resources were assigned based on vegetation measurements in subalpine habitats in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. The forager was characterized in terms of the physical, physiological, and cognitive attributes of a moose (Alces alces). We modelled movement as a sequence of steps in response to perceived resources. Simulation of foraging behavior in the model was event-driven. Artificial habitats were simulated to evaluate the influence of biomass per plant and mean bite size of plants on the foraging efficiency of the simulated animal. The mean rate of dry matter intake, and the 24-h activity budgets simulated by the model were similar to those reported for moose by Risenhoover. Foraging efficiency varied with changes in the size and variability of plants and individual bites available in the habitat. We discuss the results of our simulations in terms of modelling at the individual level.
Evaluation of the Simultaneous Multiple Pulse Repetition Frequency Algorithm for Weather Radar

Abstract Performance of the simultaneous multiple pulse repetition frequency algorithm (SMPRF) for recovery of mean power and mean Doppler velocity is investigated using simulated weather radar data. Operation and functionality of the algorithm is described; methods to estimate mean power values using statistical inversion and to estimate mean velocity from unevenly spaced autocorrelation function samples are presented and analyzed. A simulation technique for constructing multiple pulse repetition interval data is described and the algorithm performance results are presented for an example SMPRF code using three weather profiles. This leads to the development of an error structure related to factors influencing moment recovery, including finite-length time series effects, the effects of overlaid echoes that create an effective signal-to-noise ratio that limits moment recovery performance, and the effects of spectrum width and radar frequency related to coherence time.
Polymorphisms in the carcinogen detoxification genes CYB5A and CYB5R3 and breast cancer risk in African American women.

Purpose Cytochrome b5 (encoded by CYB5A) and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase (encoded by CYB5R3) detoxify aromatic and heterocyclic amine mammary carcinogens found in cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that CYB5A and CYB5R3 polymorphisms would be associated with breast cancer risk in women.
On the optimality of block designs

A family of highly efficient designs in the sence of theE-criterion is herein described. These designs have strictly betterE-performance than regular graph designs, yet the off-diagonal entries of theirC-matrix differ by as much as two. Some counterexamples to conjectures in experimental design are then supplied. Asymptotic behavior and equivalence of theA- andD-criteria under a certain condition of uniqueness are analyzed as well.
A B56γ mutation in lung cancer disrupts the p53-dependent tumor-suppressor function of protein phosphatase 2A

Earlier studies have shown both p53-dependent and -independent tumor-suppressive functions of B56gamma-specific protein phosphatase 2A (B56gamma-PP2A). In the absence of p53, B56gamma-PP2A can inhibit cell proliferation and cell transformation by an unknown mechanism. In the presence of p53, on DNA damage, a complex including B56gamma-PP2A and p53 is formed, which leads to Thr55 dephosphorylation of p53, induction of the p53 transcriptional target p21 and inhibition of cell proliferation. In spite of its significance in inhibition of cell proliferation, no B56gamma mutations have been linked to human cancer to date. In this study, we first differentiate between the p53-dependent and -independent functions of B56gamma-PP2A by identifying a domain of the B56gamma protein required for interaction with p53. Within this region, we identify a B56gamma mutation, F395C, in lung cancer that disrupts the B56gamma-p53 interaction. More importantly, we show that F395C is unable to promote p53 Thr55 dephosphorylation, transcriptional activation of p21 and the p53-dependent tumor-suppressive function of PP2A. This finding provides a mechanistic basis for the p53-dependent and -independent functions of B56gamma-PP2A and establishes a critical link between B56gamma-PP2A p53-dependent tumor-suppressive function and tumorigenesis.
The Distribution of Gram Negative Bacteria and Endotoxin on Raw Cotton Components

The botanical composition of representative raw cottons from seven different growing regions was determined by manual removal and identification of all trash components greater than 50 µm in size. The number of gram negative bacteria (GNB) and the amount of endotoxin present in each of the separated raw cotton components were quantified. Low middling cotton contained significantly more bract-leaf trash than that found in higher quality cottons such as those in the middling grade division. Significantly more GNB and endotoxin were found in botanical trash components as well as lint of raw cotton derived from the southwest and southeast growing regions as compared to similar botanical components from far west cottons. For representative raw cottons from the 1980 USA crop we determined that 67% of the GNB and 89% of the endotoxin resided on white lint itself, from which all particulate larger than 50 µm in size had been removed manually.
A study of single polynucleotide chains derived from T2 and T4 bacteriophage

The phenol-extracted DNA from phage was subjected to various procedures which disrupt the hydrogen bonds, but do not break any of the ester linkages. This denatured DNA reacts rapidly with formaldehyde and, once reacted, there is no tendency to “renature” or re-establish the former hydrogen bonded structure. These formaldehyde-reacted polynucleotide chains have been examined by density-gradient centrifugation and the band width and band form are compared with the same quantities measured on the undenatured molecules. The results indicate that the molecular weight of the single polynucleotide chains is very high, and in no case lower than one-half that of the undenatured molecules from which they are derived. If this is correct, it means that the polynucleotide chains which make up the large undenatured molecules of 62 × 10 6 mol. wt. consist of only two continuously-linked polynucleotide chains. This conclusion bears on current ideas of genetic recombination.
Due Process Mandates and the Operation of Juvenile Courts

This paper assesses the impact of three Supreme Court Decisions mandating due process guarantees in juvenile courts: the Kent decision, the Gault decision, and the Windhip decision. The results imply that the rulings have increased formal legalism in juvenile courts, but that they have done little to alter either patterns of influence in decision making or aggregate case outcomes. Due process reforms are best viewed as promoting conditionally voluntary changes in juvenile courts.
Influence of pH on the dissolution of folic acid supplements

The vitamin folic acid has received considerable attention because of its role in decreasing the risk of neural tube birth defects, and its potential role in reducing the risks of cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases. A significant concern is the quality of commercially available folic acid products. We evaluated the pharmaceutical performance of 15 currently available folic acid products in terms of meeting the USP standards for disintegration and dissolution, and showed that there has been significant improvement in the past decade in the quality of these products. However, at least one product failed to meet the requirement of each test performed. Since folic acid absorption is maximal at the proximal jejunum, dissolution was further evaluated in simulated gastric fluid. All the products failed to release more than 75% of the active ingredient in 60min. While some excipient-related factors were preliminarily considered, it was ultimately proposed that the failure may be related to the pH-dependency of the solubility of folic acid, a premise supported by faster dissolution of laboratory prepared buffered folic acid tablets. The more limited solubility of folic acid in acidic medium should be taken into consideration in the required dissolution testing methods, as well as in product formulation to optimize release.
The Z-advancement flap for reconstruction of lateral nasal tip and medial alar defects.

Background Reconstruction of lateral nasal tip and medial alar defects is challenging. Contour, symmetry, and skin texture of the nose, along with adequate nasal airway patency, should be preserved. The Z-advancement flap is a novel reconstruction technique designed for optimal cosmesis and function. Objective To evaluate the aesthetic and functional outcomes of Z-advancement flap nasal reconstruction. Materials and Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with defects 1 cm or less in diameter on the lateral nasal tip or medial ala underwent Z-advancement flap repair. Patients completed a survey assessing cosmesis and airway patency. Three physicians evaluated standardized photographs on visibility of scar lines, erythema and telangiectasia, and contour and symmetry of the ala and nostril opening. Results Twenty-eight (96%) patients completed survey questionnaires. All patients were satisfied with the look and feel of their reconstructed nose. Twenty-four (86%) saw no visible scar or abnormality. Postoperative photographs were available for review in 19 (66%) patients. In 95% to 96% of physician ratings, scars were invisible or visible only on close inspection, and alar symmetry was unchanged or only slightly altered. In 88%, nostril opening symmetry was unchanged or slightly altered. Conclusions The Z-advancement flap preserves aesthetic subunits of the nose to produce excellent cosmesis and patient satisfaction for defects of the lateral nasal tip or medial ala 1 cm or less in diameter.
Chromosome-mediated gene transfer of HPRT and APRT in an intraspecific human cell system

Chromosome-mediated transfer of genes between human cell lines was accomplished using HeLa cells as chromosome donors and HT1080 fibrosarcoma lines as recipients. This report describes the intraspecific transfer of two genetic markers, hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT+)and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT+).The isolation and characterization of the necessary enzyme-deficient (HPRT−and APRT−)recipient HT1080 cell lines are also described. The chromosome-mediated gene transfer was carried out using a modification of the procedure of Miller and Ruddle, including treatment of the donor chromosomes with calcium phosphate and subsequent exposure of the recipient cells of dimethyl sulfoxide. In experiments to optimize this procedure for HT1080 cell recipients, we found that a brief (2-min) exposure to high DMSO concentration (20%) was effective for enhancing transfer efficiencies in this system. Transfer frequencies (transferents per recipient cells assayed) averaged approximately 1×10−6for HPRT+and were >2×10−6for APRT+.
Fish et al. Respond

We appreciate Levine's response to our article.1 We agree that the reasons individuals are obese are complex and most likely have several different etiologies; for years, research has focused on both individual and neighborhood characteristics. While we understand the concern that reducing our understanding of the epidemic to well-characterized mechanisms may imply simplicity, we respectfully disagree that because of the complexity of the topic, research should not be undertaken nor attempt to delineate this complexity. In our article, we focused on how individuals perceive their neighborhoods, specifically if they perceive them as safe or unsafe. We made no claim that this perception deems a neighborhood as “bad” or “good”; rather, we stated that research should identify how these neighborhood characteristics are being interpreted by and affecting those people living in them. Further, by understanding the potential mechanisms through which neighborhood characteristics translate into individual decisions that affect health, we are more likely to develop policies to mitigate the choices that facilitate worse health. As the health care field moves toward patient-centered medical home models, health care organizations are beginning to recognize that any care provided must focus on the whole patient2 and will likely include a deeper understanding of family dynamics and values, socioeconomic demographics, and potential neighborhood influences (some of which were identified in our original article). Understanding neighborhoods and how residents perceive them may be critical to developing realistic and effective self-care and medical treatment plans. Asking individuals to lose weight to improve their health without understanding the environment in which they live will likely result in inadequate and unrealized care plans that are frustrating to patients and physicians. While physicians may not be able to alter the neighborhoods in which patients live, they certainly can find empathy with the individuals and their social context and develop creative plans to meet the individuals' goals. With respect to Levine's claim that the modeling employed is “futile,” we again respectfully disagree. Freedman asserts caution and does not argue that two-stage least squares (2SLS) models should not be used. He underscores that the “assumptions behind the model…[may] provide the leverage, [rather than] the data fed into the model”3(p711) and that “taking assumptions for granted is what makes statistical techniques into philosophers' stones.”4(p200) For 2SLS models, the main assumptions must be met for the model to be sound.5,6 We outlined each of these assumptions with our affirmations of their soundness and believe that this modeling technique was critical to understanding an important mediator between neighborhood characteristics and obesity. Finally, as Kawachi et al. state, “[b]y incorporating the methods and approaches from economics, geography, sociology (among other disciplines) into public health, research on neighborhood effects is poised to make a quantum leap in causal inference as well as usefulness for policy.”7(p4)
Broadening PhD curricula.

To provide formal education and training required for PhDs to perform their complex, multidisciplinary job functions, traditional PhD curricula should be restructured to include mandatory professional development course work.
Symptomatic pes planus

In most athletes, painful pes planus is caused by strain of the foot arch structures and can be managed with properly constructed orthoses. Surgery may be necessary if the pes planus is caused by a symptomatic accessory navicular, posterior tibial insufficiency, tarsal coalition, or ligament rupture.
Marchi'S Staining Method: III. Artefacts and Effects of Perfusion

The following classes of artefacts in preparations made by the Marchi staining method have been recognized and investigated: Intrinsic artefacts, traumatic artefacts, perfusion artefacts and artefacts produced by ether anesthesia. The character of the artefacts and the method of their production indicates that they are physically changed myelin which stains as a result of an alteration in its structure.An experiment was also carried on to indicate the effect on the stain preparations of perfusing the animal with various fluids. It was found that certain fluids (formalin, 10%; Mueller's fluid; and NaCl, 10%) caused an increase in dust and an edema of the brain, while others (Mueller's fluid plus 10% MgSO4; and KClO3, 5%) caused a decrease.
Technique for placement of a discal traction suture during temporomandibular joint arthroscopy.

As temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy has developed, so have arthroscopic techniques designed to permit surgical manipulation of the structures within the joint. Initially, TMJ arthroscopy was described by Ohnishi’ in 1980 as a diagnostic procedure. In 1986 Sanders2 and Merrill3 reported on the therapeutic potential of arthroscopic lysis and lavage of the TMJ. Bronstein4 and Merrill’ have used a technique involving posterior repositioning of the disc by performing mandibular manipulation (the mandible is distracted inferiorly and moved into the opposite lateral excursion) while arthroscopically applying inferior traction on the retrodiscal tissues with a blunt probe. McCai# has described an arthroscopic technique in which an anterior releasing incision is made in the disc and electrocoagulation of the retrodiscal tissues is performed to hold the disc posteriorly. In spite of the variety of techniques available, control of discal position by arthroscopic surgery is quite difficult. Piper7 performed intraoperative Carm arthrography to assess discal position following arthroscopic manipulation of discal tissue. He found that 14 of 15 joints showed no evidence of improvement in discal position after arthroscopic surgery. In our experience, postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images following arthroscopic manipulation of the disc do not show relocation of the disc to a normal position. We have now developed an arthroscopic technique that can be used in patients with internal derangements in which a suture is passed through the discal tissues. Posterior and lateral traction is then
Analytic formulae for interacting boson model matrix elements in the SU(3) basis

A simple analytic expression is reported for U(6) matrix elements in the totally symmetric irreducible representations relevant to the interacting boson model. With respect to the SU(3) symmetry-adapted basis, the U(6) generators are given explicitly as SU(3) reduced matrix elements. The two-body Hamiltonian is expressed as a linear combination of SU(3) tensor operators. In particular, the Casimir invariants of the SU(5), O(6), and O(5) algebras are given in terms of SU(3) tensors. By using 9-(\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\mu}) coefficients, the SU(3) tensor method is extended to the proton-neutron interacting boson model.
Theological Education in Epistemological Perspective: The Significance of Michael Polanyhi's “Personal Knowledge” for a Theological Orientation of Theological Education

Of what significance to theological education is critical reflection? Representing an influential perspective, Charles Wood seems to ascribe to critical reflection the highest priority by defining theology as “critical reflection upon the validity of the Christian witness.” This article argues that such a perspective devalues participatory modes of knowing. In contrast, the scientific epistemology of Michael Polanyi better illumines the pedagogical nature and theological orientation of theological education. Specifically, his notion of “indwelling” serves as a point of integration by which participative knowing is extended and intensified by the clarificatory power of critical reflection.
Asking the difficult questions: message strategies used by organ procurement coordinators in requesting familial consent to organ donation.

The present study provides an in-depth examination of the messages used by organ procurement coordinators (OPCs) in shaping familial requests for organ donation. OPCs (N = 102), recruited from a national sample of 16 organ procurement organizations, participated in a structured interview designed to uncover the communication strategies used in obtaining familial consent for donation. Analysis of interviews indicates OPCs' messages cover 4 domain areas. Specifically, OPCs report use of messages intended to (a) provide education, (b) discuss the benefits to donation, (c) learn about potential donor families, and (d) persuade families to engage in donation. Within the 4 domain areas, OPCs report use of 15 specific messages (e.g., “positively framing the donor,” “social proof,” “discuss the benefit of donation to grieving”) in requesting consent. The present study provides a detailed examination of strategies and offers recommendations for using message strategies to explore the effectiveness of the consent p...
On the real estate market efficiency

This reseach reexamines the efficiency hypothesis of the real estate market using monthly data and the vector autoregressive (VAR) modelling technique. The tests focus on the causal linkage between real estate returns and a number of relevant financial and economic variables. An eight-by-eight VAR model is estimated using the FPE and the specific gravity criteria, in conjunction with an extensive series of specification tests. The empirical results distilled from system estimations suggest that the real estate market is efficient with respect to available information on the industrial production, the risk premia, the term structure of interest rates, and the monetary base. Movements in these variables are quickly and fully utilized by market agents, perhaps owing to the intensity with which their relationship with stock returns has been discussed in the literature and the popular media. However, the results also suggest the presence of a significant lagged relationship between real estate returns and fiscal policy moves, even when the paths through other potential determinants of these returns are taken into account. Of course, our finding that the fiscal policy measure is useful in predicting stock returns does not necessarily imply that the real estate market is inefficient. At a minimum, inefficiency is revealed only if a careful analysis of the budgetary process can help design a profitable (exploitable) trading strategy.
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) oils obtained by fishmeal and ensilage processes: characteristics and lipid profiles

Summary Fish oil is an important source of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The common carp (Cyprinus carp) is a major fish species in world aquaculture production. This study aimed towards obtaining carp viscera oil by ensilage and fishmeal processes. Characteristics of crude oils obtained were also compared with oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer methods. Crude oils obtained by the three processes resulted in significant difference (P 0.05). Recovery yield of crude oils was approximately 85% in relation to carp viscera oil. Carp crude oils obtained by the ensilage and fishmeal processes resulted in high unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents (67.4%), and ω3/ω6 ratios around 1.15. These oils are applicable in fish diets; however, crude oils require refinement for human consumption.
Automatic channel equalization algorithm

Results are reported which are of interest in the automatic equalization of telephone lines or other narrow bandwidth channels where data transmission is limited primarily by intersymbol interference. We describe an algorithm for adjusting the tap gains of a tapped delay line equalizer which converges for all channels. The algorithm also adjusts the tap gains to match a changing channel.
Papular mucinosis associated with AIDS: response to isotretinoin.

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Decreased Insulitis and Blood Glucose Levels after Injection of GAD-Transduced Lymphocytes into NOD Mice

We used NOD mice to investigate the effects of injecting transduced lymphocytes on insulitis, nonfasting blood glucose levels, and immune responses. Syngeneic splenocytes were transduced with retroviral particles carrying a cDNA construct encoding the beta cell antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), a secreted form of GAD65 (SGAD55), or secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a control antigen. Different multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) were used with different constructs. Four-week-old NOD mice received intravenous injection of CD4(+) cells isolated from transduced splenocytes, and insulitis and blood glucose levels were determined at 10 weeks of age. No significant effects were observed with lymphocytes transduced with gad65 and sgad55 constructs at low m.o.i. By contrast, at high m.o.i., lymphocytes transduced with the sgad55 and seap constructs caused a decrease in insulitis and blood glucose levels and in insulitis alone, respectively. ELISA of anti-GAD antibody isotypes indicated that GAD-transduced lymphocytes induced similar Th2-like responses at all m.o.i. These results suggest that retroviral particles carrying sgad55 can be used for engineering cell vaccines for type 1 diabetes and provide further evidence that Th2-like responses induced by immunization may not always be a primary cause of diabetes suppression in NOD mice.
Excess (1f) noise in metals

We have measured the temperature dependence of the excess ($\frac{1}{f}$) voltage noise in thin films of the group-$\mathrm{I}B$ transition metals and in Ni. In the group-$\mathrm{I}B$ metals, the magnitude of the noise increases rapidly with temperature below room temperature and reaches a peak in Ag and Cu at ${T}_{p}\ensuremath{\simeq}410$ K and ${T}_{p}\ensuremath{\simeq}490$ K, respectively. In Ag, the noise dips through a valley at approximately 520 K, and increases again up to 600 K, while in Au there is flattening but no peak up to 525 K. In Ni, a somewhat slower increase in noise magnitude with temperature is observed, but in contrast to model predictions, which suggest a sharp peak in the noise at the Curie point, only peak structure is observed near ${T}_{c}$. Measurements of the power spectrum ${S}_{v}(f)$ ($\ensuremath{\propto}{f}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$) show that $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decreases slowly with increasing temperature for all four metals. The role of the substrate is examined by measuring the noise in films on substrates whose thermal properties differ greatly (sapphire and fused silica). A comparison of the results leads to the identification of two types of noise in metal films and the explanation of some apparent contradictions in existing data.
Low-power electroencephalography sensing data RF transmission: hardware architecture and test

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used as a method of diagnosis and observation for patients with seizure disorders. However, it is often difficult to collect reliable and accurate data due to the relatively sensitive nature of most EEG hardware. This research is to construct an EEG acquisition system and interface it with a Wireless Sensor Network. The analog EEG portion was designed, built and found to pass all of the required tests. The signal processing digital board and wireless EEG transmission software were verified as functionally sufficient. On the other hand, the patients' privacy needs to be protected. It is very challenging to develop an EEG transmission security mechanism in a battery-driven, tiny EEG sensor with very limited memory. We have built an extremely low-overhead EEG signal encryption/decryption protocol based on low-complex NTRU cryptography.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin

Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we conclude that superficial, well- to moderately differentiated T1 cancers of the anal margin may be successfully treated with radiotherapy alone or local
Protection against AZT-induced mutagenesis at the HGPRT locus in a human cell line by WR-151326.

The anti-AIDS agent, AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), is mutagenic in a cultured human hepatoma cell line designated HepG2 at the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) locus. Using an exposure time of 3 hr, the number of mutants per 10(6) surviving cells increased as a function of AZT dose from 125 to 520. Chinese hamster ovary cells, in contrast, are not affected with respect to this endpoint when similar concentrations of AZT are used (i.e., 0.1 to 10 mg/ml). The aminothiol WR-151326 [3-(3-methylaminopropylamino) propanethiol dihydrochloride] was evaluated as a possible antimutagen for use with AZT. At a concentration of 4 mM, WR-151326 was added either concomitantly or following exposure of HepG2 cells to a 5 mg/ml concentration of AZT. Regardless of the treatment condition, WR-151326 was effective in reducing the mutagenic effects of AZT by about a factor of 2. Correcting for background mutations, the mutation frequencies determined were: AZT only for 3 hr, 110 x 10(-6) (S.E.M. +/- 6.0 x 10(-6)); AZT together with WR-151326 for 3 hr, 57 x 10(-6) (S.E.M. +/- 3.0 x 10(-6)); and AZT for 3 hr followed by WR-151326 for 3 hr, 68 x 10(-6) (S.E.M. +/- 5.0 x 10(-6)). This study demonstrates that AZT is mutagenic to a cell line of human origin and that WR-151326 can protect against this mutagenic process.
Free Energy Perturbation (FEP) Simulation on the Transition States of Cocaine Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Human Butyrylcholinesterase and Its Mutants

A novel computational protocol based on free energy perturbation (FEP) simulations on both the free enzyme and transition state structures has been developed and tested to predict the mutation-caused shift of the free energy change from the free enzyme to the rate-determining transition state for human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of (-)-cocaine. The calculated shift, denoted by DeltaDeltaG(1 --> 2), of such kind of free energy change determines the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) change caused by the simulated mutation transforming enzyme 1 to enzyme 2. By using the FEP-based computational protocol, the DeltaDeltaG(1 --> 2) values for the mutations A328W/Y332A --> A328W/Y332G and A328W/Y332G --> A328W/Y332G/A199S were calculated to be -0.22 and -1.94 kcal/mol, respectively. The calculated DeltaDeltaG(1 --> 2) values predict that the change from the A328W/Y332A mutant to the A328W/Y332G mutant should slightly improve the catalytic efficiency and that the change from the A328W/Y332G mutant to the A328W/Y332G/A199S mutant should significantly improve the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme for the (-)-cocaine hydrolysis. The predicted catalytic efficiency increases are supported by the experimental data showing that kcat/KM = 8.5 x 10(6), 1.4 x 10(7), and 7.2 x 10(7) min(-1) M(-1) for the A328W/Y332A, A328W/Y332G, and A328W/Y332G/A199S mutants, respectively. The qualitative agreement between the computational and experimental data suggests that the FEP simulations may provide a promising protocol for rational design of high-activity mutants of an enzyme. The general computational strategy of the FEP simulation on a transition state can be used to study the effects of a mutation on the activation free energy for any enzymatic reaction.
Mitochondrial DNA evidence for high levels of gene flow among populations of a widely distributed anadromous lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus (Petromyzontidae)

Mitochondrial DNA variation among 1246 individuals of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) from 81 populations spanning 2600 km from the Skeena River, British Columbia, to the Ventura River, California, was surveyed using five restriction enzymes. A total of 29 composite haplotypes was detected in two gene fragments (ND2 and ND5). The three most common haplotypes, occurring in 91% of all samples, were present at similar frequencies in all regions. Samples were divided into six biogeographic regions based on sample distribution and geographical landmarks to assess geographic genetic structure. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 99% of the genetic variation was explained by variability within drainages. The lack of geographical population structure is likely related to a life-history pattern that includes a prolonged larval freshwater stage, migration to oceanic feeding and return to fresh water to spawn. The lack of strong natal homing apparently promotes gene flow among drainages and regions.
Atmospheric phase measurements with the Mark III stellar interferometer.

The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the measurements of stellar positions performed by the Mt. Wilson phase-coherent stellar Mark III interferometer was investigated, both for the case of a simple Kolmogorov spatial spectrum and for the case of a model incorporating a finite outer scale. Measurements of phase difference at a 12-m base line obtained with the Mark III interferometer agreed well with the predictions of a Kolmogorov spatial spectrum over the frequency range 0.001-100 Hz. From these measurements, the outer scale of turbulence for propagation through the entire atmosphere was estimated to be greater than 2 km.
NEUTROPHIL MATURATION AND THE ROLE OF RETINOIC ACID

Neutrophil maturation occurs in well defined morphological stages that correlate with the acquisition of molecular markers associated with neutrophil function. A variety of factors are known to play a role in terminal neutrophil maturation, including the vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid. Retinoic acid can directly modulate gene expression via binding to its nuclear receptors, which can, in turn, activate transcription of target genes. A role for retinoic acid during neutrophil maturation has been suggested from a variety of sources. Here we present a review of the mechanism of retinoic acid receptor action and the major evidence showing that normal retinoid signaling is required for neutrophil maturation.
Amplitude noise reduction in semiconductor lasers with weak, dispersive optical feedback.

We present the theory and measurements of the amplitude noise spectrum from a semiconductor laser with weak optical feedback (Pfb/Pout ~10^-6) from an external cavity containing an element of dispersive loss. The laser noise is found to be reduced over most of the low-frequency spectrum, although an increase in the noise is observed at frequencies corresponding to multiples of the external-cavity free spectral range. The low-frequency noise reduction closely follows theoretical predictions, and a reduction of as much as 7 dB is measured at an injection current of 1.5 times the threshold current. The potential of this method for contributing to the production of amplitude-squeezed light is discussed.