cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtue, Health, and Eudaimonistic Psychology

This paper argues that the agenda for positive psychology laid out by Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman in their massive work Character Strengths and Virtues: a Handbook and Classification (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) might be improved by making several conceptual changes: 1) by developing general concepts of virtue (singular), and of positive health to clarify the relationships between specific virtues and competing conceptions of positive health; 2) by aligning the project more firmly with eudaimonistic accounts of virtue that fit comfortably with scientific psychology; and 3) by aligning the project more firmly with the health sciences than with ethics and philosophy generally. The paper was developed from a talk prepared for the Working Conference on The Philosophical History of Character Strengths and Virtues, The University of Pennsylvania, September 2-4, 2004. It is currently under review for publication in a book of papers coming out of that conference.
Shower maximum trigger for electrons and photons at CDF

Abstract For the 1994 Tevatron collider run, CDF has upgraded the electron and photon trigger hardware to make use of shower maximum information from the central shower maximum detector. For electrons, the upgrade has resulted in a 50% reduction in backgrounds while retaining approximately 90% of the signal. The new trigger also eliminates the background to photon triggers from single-phototube discharge.
Practical detection of epileptiform discharges (EDs) in the EEG using an artificial neural network: a comparison of raw and parameterized EEG data.

Abstract We have developed and tested “off-line” an artificial neural network (ANN) that successfully detects epileptiform discharges (EDs) when trained on EEG records marked by an electroencephalographer (EEGer). The system was trained on both parameterized and raw EEG data and can process 49 channels of EEG data in real time on an 80486/33 MHz personal computer, making it capable of processing EEG on-line in long-term monitoring units. Our detector consists of 2 stages: (1) a threshold detector identifies candidate EDs in 4-channel bipolar chains within the recording montage, parameterizes them and then passes these data to the second stage; (2) a 3-layer feed-forward ANN decides if a candidate wave form is an ED. The intersection of detector sensitivity and selectivity curves, or crossover threshold, for 10 patients from our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit occurred at 73% for parameterized EEG data and at 46% for “raw” EEG data. The ANN could be adapted to different EEGers' styles by changing the ANN output threshold for accepting candidate wave forms as EDs. In this “proof of principle” study the detector was trained on EEGs from 10 Johns Hopkins Hospital Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (JHH EMU) patients. We used different EEGs from the same patients for testing. Current testing should demonstrate that the ANN detector can generalize to previously “unseen” patients. This study shows that ANNs offer a practical solution for automated, real time ED detection that uses, standard, inexpensive computers, is easily adjustable to individual EEGer style and can produce sensitivities and selectivities similar to those of EEGers.
Nepafenac: An Ophthalmic Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug for Pain After Cataract Surgery

OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of nepafenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation in patients after cataract surgery using evidence from controlled clinical studies.DATA SOURCES:Citations in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1, 2005, to March 25, 2013, were identified using nepafenac and cataract as search terms.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:The literature search was limited to human studies published in English. Three trials that compared nepafenac with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were included.DATA SYNTHESIS:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nepafenac 0.1% suspension (and its active metabolite, amfenac) were compared with bromfenac 0.09% solution and ketorolac 0.4% solution with respect to aqueous humor concentrations and ability to reduce cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes. The maximum concentration (Cmax) values of ketorolac and amfenac were statistically similar, while the Cmax of bromfenac was significantly lower than...
Selective progressive response of soil microbial community to wild oat roots.

Roots moving through soil enact physical and chemical changes that differentiate rhizosphere from bulk soil, and the effects of these changes on soil microorganisms have long been a topic of interest. Use of a high-density 16S rRNA microarray (PhyloChip) for bacterial and archaeal community analysis has allowed definition of the populations that respond to the root within the complex grassland soil community; this research accompanies previously reported compositional changes, including increases in chitinase and protease specific activity, cell numbers and quorum sensing signal. PhyloChip results showed a significant change in 7% of the total rhizosphere microbial community (147 of 1917 taxa); the 7% response value was confirmed by16S rRNA T-RFLP analysis. This PhyloChip-defined dynamic subset was comprised of taxa in 17 of the 44 phyla detected in all soil samples. Expected rhizosphere-competent phyla, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, were well represented, as were less-well-documented rhizosphere colonizers including Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospira. Richness of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in soil near the root tip compared to bulk soil, but then increased in older root zones. Quantitative PCR revealed {beta}-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria present at about 10{sup 8} copies of 16S rRNA genes g{sup -1} soil, with Nitrospira having about 10{sup 5} copies g{sup -1} soil. This report demonstrates that changes in a relatively small subset of the soil microbial community are sufficient to produce substantial changes in function in progressively more mature rhizosphere zones.
Understanding the Dynamics of $2-a-Day Poverty in the United States

Shaefer and Edin (2013) have found a large rise in “extreme poverty”—defined as cash income of no more than $2 per person per day, for a month or calendar quarter—among U.S. households with children between 1996 and 2011. This article explores some underlying dynamics of this phenomenon, referred to here as “$2-a-day poverty,” presenting evidence from both qualitative fieldwork and quantitative analysis of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The rise in $2-a-day poverty has been concentrated among children experiencing it chronically—that is, for seven or more months during a calendar year. Both qualitative and quantitative evidence find that a large majority of children experiencing $2-a-day poverty live in households where an adult worked during the year, while only a small proportion live in households accessing TANF. Finally, households experiencing $2-a-day poverty appear to be more likely to face material hardships than other low-income households.
Presentation of: Teaching with Social Media in Higher Education

Teaching is still fundamentally about relationships (or should be at its best) in spite of current socio/economic movements to commercialize and industrialize all facets of higher education. Because of this, social media should have great value for teaching and learning. Since a majority of college students spend an average of more than 30 minutes a day on Facebook, (Stollak, Vandenberg, Burklund, and Weiss, Getting Social: The impact of social networking usage on grades among college students, Proceedings of ASBBS Annual Conference, Las Vegas 2011, 18:1.) it would seem that social media has great potential for engagement. The latest in a series of surveys on social media by the Babson Survey Research Group and Pearson Learning Solutions questioned a random group of 1920 higher education faculty about their use of social media in teaching. (Moran, Seaman, and Tinti-Kane, Teaching, Learning, and Sharing: How Today’s Higher Education Faculty Use Social Media, Pearson Learning Solutions, Babson Survey Research Group, and New Marketing Labs, Boston, MA 2011.) Two survey results show the current extent of faculty use of social media and clearly show that social media’s effectiveness needs more in-depth study.
The Vicious Cycle Pediatric Facial Trauma from Bicycling

OBJECTIVES: Although prevention of head injuries through helmet use is widespread, there has been a paucity of inquiry and publicity regarding the potential for facial injury stemming from cycling. Our objectives included estimating the incidence of emergency department (ED) visits for bicycle-related facial trauma among the pediatric population and detailing injury patterns. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of a nationwide database. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, offered by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, was accessed for ED visits related to bicycle-related facial trauma among individuals 21 years old and younger. These data were used to estimate national incidence and examine patient demographics and injury characteristics. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2014, there were 5420 entries extrapolating to an estimated 178,457 ED visits for pediatric bicycle-related facial trauma. Median age was 8 years, and 71.9% of patients were male. Lacerations (63.1%), abrasions/contusions (27%), and fractures (7%) were most common, with fractures dramatically increasing in prevalence with age. Nasal fractures were the most common fracture type. Injury patterns varied by age. CONCLUSION: Bicycle-related facial trauma is prevalent among the pediatric population, with nearly 180,000 visits to EDs between 2010 and 2014. Soft tissue injuries predominated among all age groups, although fractures increased significantly with age. Knowledge of injury patterns described may be a useful adjunct assisting history, examination, and decision making regarding the use of medical imaging. There is a clear void in inquiry regarding the use of facial protection, reinforcing the need for further study into prevention and efforts to raise public awareness among youth. Language: en
Effect of Serum Fibrinogen, Total Stent Length, and Type of Acute Coronary Syndrome on 6-Month Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

This study evaluated the relation between baseline fibrinogen and 6-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Three hundred eighty-seven subjects (65.6 ± 16.1 years, 69.5% men, 26.9% acute coronary syndrome [ACS]) who underwent PCI with baseline fibrinogen and platelet reactivity (VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, Accumetrics, San Diego, California) measured were enrolled. Fibrinogen (368.8 ± 144.1 vs 316.8 ± 114.3 mg/dl; p = 0.001), total stent length (TSL; 44.5 ± 25.0 vs 32.2 ± 20.1 mm; p <0.001), and ACS presentation (40.6% vs 23.9%; p = 0.005) were independently associated with 6-month MACE rates (17.8%: myocardial infarction 9.8%, rehospitalization for ACS 3.6%, urgent revascularization 3.6%, stroke 0.5%, and death 0.3%). Measures of platelet reactivity were not associated with 6-month MACE. After multivariate analysis, fibrinogen ≥280 mg/dl (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, 95% CI 1.33 to 5.11, p = 0.005), TSL ≥32 mm (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.82 to 5.64, p <0.001), and ACS presentation (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.61, p = 0.001) were associated with higher 6-month MACE. In 271 subjects receiving chronic P2Y12 inhibitor therapy, 6-month Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction bleeding after PCI was 7.0%, but no difference in fibrinogen level (338.3 ± 109.7 vs 324.3 ± 113.8 mg/dl, p = 0.60) stratified by Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction bleeding was observed. In conclusion, elevated serum fibrinogen, ACS presentation, and longer TSL are independently associated with higher 6-month MACE after PCI, whereas no association with on-thienopyridine platelet reactivity and 6-month MACE was observed. Post-PCI bleeding was not associated with lower fibrinogen level.
Air Pollution: Building on the Successes

This article examines the evidence from thirty-eight years of experience under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 (and later amendments) and concludes that federal air pollution regulation has achieved the greatest pollution reductions when requirements were aimed directly at pollution sources rather than at requiring states to comply with federal planning procedures. The authors propose that Congress stop regulating the states and focus on regulating the largest sources of pollution. By directly regulating just a few thousand such major sources, as well as continuing to regulate new vehicles directly, and certain other nationally marketed goods (mainly fuels, paints, and solvents), the federal government would itself control the lion's share of interstate pollution. Congress should leave all remaining sources -- the overwhelming majority in terms of the number of facilities -- to regulation by the states.
Bandlimited regression

Bandlimited regression is a method for producing regression estimates that are robust against correlation, instead of the more conventional robust estimates that are robust against departures from normality. Bandlimited regression produces less-biased estimates of the coefficient variances. A number of examples demonstrating the superiority of bandlimited regression over other methods, such as the Cochrane-Orcutt method are presented. A method combining robustness against correlation with leverage balancing is described; these estimates result from finding the stationary points of a nonpositive-definite penalty function. >
Vibration of cantilevered composite triangular and trapezoidal doubly-curved shallow shells

The first known vibration analysis of composite cantilevered shallow shells having right triangular and trapezoidal planforms is conducted. Accurate frequencies are obtained using the Ritz method with algebraic polynomials. This is demonstrated by detailed convergence studies. The lowest six natural frequencies for these shallow shells with double curvature are listed. Effects of curvature, material orthotropy and lamination angle on the natural frequencies are investigated.
Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on blood volume measured by RI-131-SA and organ weights in rats.

SummaryTotal blood and plasma volumes measured by use of radioactive iodinated serum albumin (RI131SA) were not altered from normal by chronic pyridoxine deficiency in male and female rats. The average total blood volume as determined by this radioisotopic technic is somewhat higher than values obtained elsewhere by the Evans blue dye method.Organ weight changes have been measured and compared in pyridoxine deficient, desoxypyridoxine treated, and pyridoxine treated rats. Wet and dry weights of the liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen and testes of the deficient animals were greater compared to the pyridoxine treated rats. Administration of the antivitamin, desoxypyridoxine, to pyridoxine deficient rats not only increased the apparent hypertrophy of these organs, but also accentuated the marked atrophy of thymus associated with pyridoxine deficiency.
The evaluation of spraying skill by worker with power sprayer

The spraying skill of the worker was evaluated by deposition index of the water sensitive paper. We compared the amounts of deposit when 6 workers sprayed by power sprayer. The eggplant model, made by suppor pipes was used for this investigation. The results were following;1) Only some workers can stain the water sensitive paper as target on eggplant model, following exposure to the spray.2) When the height of eggplant model was 2m, the deposition index was lower than the case of 1.2m or 1.6m.3) Spraying skill was different among workers and the difference was due to their experience of spray.4) Teaching from workers who have been experienced spraying the improvement of spraying movement for few experience one made the deposition index higher.
Abstract 2329: Anti-tumor efficacy of Dll4 blockade in combination with sunitinib or aflibercept in primary human renal cell carcinoma models

Background: The Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) is highly expressed in vascular endothelium and has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor angiogenesis, particularly angiogenic sprouting. Blockade of the Dll4-Notch pathway leads to an excessive production of aberrant non-functional tumor vascular structures and is associated with reduced tumor growth. REGN1035, an antibody that selectively binds and blocks murine Dll4, has demonstrated potent inhibition of tumor growth in a broad spectrum of xenograft models. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of REGN1035 alone and in combination with anti-VEGF therapy in two preclinical models of primary RCC. We hypothesized that combining REGN1035 with sunitinib or the VEGF blocker aflibercept would provide greater anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis efficacy compared to single agent treatments. Methods: Two human RCC models isolated from skin metastases from a patient with sporadic ccRCC (RP-01) and a patient with hereditary ccRCC (RP-02), respectively, were bilaterally implanted subcutaneously into the flank area of three sets of 32 SCID mice (8 mice/group). When tumor volume reached ∼ 25 mm 2 , mice were treated with vehicle (human Fc control protein, 4.89 mg/kg, 1x/wk, s.q.), REGN1035 (5 mg/kg, 1x/wk, s.q.), sunitinib (40 mg/kg, 5x/wk, oral gavage), aflibercept (10 mg/kg, 2x/wk, s.q.) or REGN1035 plus sunitinib or aflibercept. Tumor growth was assessed with serial caliper measurements. Once tumor volume of vehicle mice reached 200 mm 2 , mice were sacrificed and tumor tissue was excised and analyzed. Results: In the RP-01 and RP-02 models, sunitinib and REGN1035 induced 60-69% and 71-81% inhibition (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2329. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2329
Advances in coronary angioplasty.

The goal of therapy in patients with coronary artery disease is to alleviate symptoms of angina and reduce the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Although coronary angioplasty immediately reduces anginal symptoms in almost all patients who undergo it, its use is associated with death or nonfatal myocardial infarction in about 5 percent of patients1–8 and with restenosis requiring repeated angioplasty or bypass surgery in about 30 percent.3–6,9 Recently, several clinical trials have shown that the implantation of coronary stents5,6 or treatment with blockers of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors10–12 reduces the occurrence of acute . . .
Satellite Formation Control Using Traditional and High Order Sliding Modes

†Different methods of controlling satellite formations using traditional and High Order Sliding Mode Control (SMC/HOSM) are studied. HOSM-based controllers, as well as continuous SMC based on disturbance observer, produce a continuous control signal that is not an approximation but an exact solution, which mitigates the chattering problem that can arise with discontinuous SMC. The tracking results are compared to those that use a discontinuous sliding mode controller with a dead zone approximation model of the thruster dynamics. The controllers are designed and compared using trajectories generated via the linearized equations of relative motion under two body dynamics (better known as Hill’s equations). For the continuous sliding mode control methods, a pulse width modulation technique is applied to the control signal to control the duty cycle of the simulated satellite thrusters. Preliminary results indicate that the continuous SMC/HOSM are effective at reducing the trajectory errors to near zero in the face of unknown but bounded disturbances.
Impact of Pocket Gopher Burrows on Overlying Vegetation

The impact of pocket gopher burrows on overlying vegetation was examined by analysis of plant samples taken from quadrats directly over active and vacant Geomys bursarius burrows, adjacent controls, and samples from the surrounding fields at sites in Kansas and Minnesota. The pocket gophers burrowed in that portion of the field which exhibited the greatest plant biomass. The biomass of plants (roots, stems, and both) directly over active burrows was, however, reduced by over one-third. The depletion was somewhat less over old, vacant burrows. The dominant forb species, with a tap root, was significantly more affected than the dominant grass, with a diffuse root system.
In)Efficient Breach of Contract

The expectation interest remedy requires the promisor to transfer a sum equal to the promisee’s expected gain from performance if the promisor reallocates her resources to another use. The theory of efficient breach justifies the remedy because the promisor will either perform, when the promisees’ gain would exceed the gain from reallocation, or breach when the promissee’s gain is below. Critics of the theory argue that breach is immoral, whether efficient or not, because the promisee has a right to performance or to its gains. Both critics and supporters mistakenly elide the real issue. Contract law defines a breach as the promisor’s failure to take an action the parties’ contract requires or to take an action the contract forbids. Hence, if business contracts are efficient, as is commonly assumed, breaches cannot be efficient. The real issue thus is what the parties’ contract requires. A contract that requires the promisor to trade a specified object or to perform a specified service is breached if the promisor fails to trade or to perform; but a contract that permits the promisor either to trade or to perform or to transfer the sum that equals the promissee’s gain would only be breached if the promisor neither trades nor transfers. The expectation interest remedy is a good default if parties more commonly write the latter “dual performance contract” than the former mandatory trade contract. Both supporters and critics of efficient breach theory mistakenly suppose that parties commonly write mandatory trade contracts. It follows for them that the failure to trade is a breach, and the dispute is over the morality of breach. We show that parties commonly write dual performance contracts so the failure to trade is not a breach. Whether this is so or not, the important result is that, because contracts can be efficient but breaches cannot be, the theory of efficient breach should vanish. Rather, attention should turn to the contract interpretation issue regarding which obligations, respecting trade or transfer, the parties actually assumed.
Detection of Equine infectious anemia virusin vitro by immunofluorescence

A system for detecting Equine infections anemia viral antigen by direct immunofluorescence and the characteristics of the fluorescent antigen in horse peripheral leukocyte cultures are described. Serum from chronically infected horses yielded conjugates which gave bright specific staining of EIA antigen. The antigen was present by the second day after inoculation of the cultures. It appeared as discrete cytoplasmic dots, irregular cytoplasmic masses and accumulations along the cell membrane. The percentage of infected cells increased from 10–15% on the second day to 80% on the fifth day after inoculation.
Conversation, Context and Social Structure

In the foregoing I have developed the Context-Limited Simulators (CLS) Theory of metaphor interpretation primarily as a cognitive theory, although throughout I have called attention to the importance of the context, including the broader culture, the relationship among participants in a communicative interaction, and the immediate social and physical environment as well as the unfolding conversation (or other communicative action) itself. In this chapter, I will extend the CLS theory to include context more explicitly, first by discussing context as a factor in the individual interpretation of figurative language, then by considering how figurative language, including metaphor, influences and shapes the social and cultural context.
A Trauma Unit for Your Hospital

The prime stimulus for the establishment of the nation's first trauma unit came from problems arising out of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple injuries. Centralization has permitted such patients to receive specialized services and intensive nursing care on a coordinated basis. The result has been a substantial reduction in trauma-connected morbidity and mortality.
Neutron Physics Background

This chapter introduces fundamental properties of the neutron. It covers reactions induced by neutrons, nuclear fission, slowing down of neutrons in infinite media, diffusion theory, the few-group approximation, point kinetics, and fission product poisoning. It emphasizes the nuclear physics bases of reactor design and its relationship to reactor engineering problems.
Specialty fibers and optical fiber devices following development of vapor-phase axial deposition

Optical fibers fabricated using vapor-phase axial deposition exhibit excellent performance and have been used globally for a long time. We present specialty fibers, optical fiber devices, and fiber lasers fabricated using these optical fiber technologies.
Inner-shelf ocean dynamics and seafloor morphologic changes during Hurricane Sandy

Abstract Hurricane Sandy was one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history, making landfall on the New Jersey coast on October 30, 2012. Storm impacts included several barrier island breaches, massive coastal erosion, and flooding. While changes to the subaerial landscape are relatively easily observed, storm-induced changes to the adjacent shoreface and inner continental shelf are more difficult to evaluate. These regions provide a framework for the coastal zone, are important for navigation, aggregate resources, marine ecosystems, and coastal evolution. Here we provide unprecedented perspective regarding regional inner continental shelf sediment dynamics based on both observations and numerical modeling over time scales associated with these types of large storm events. Oceanographic conditions and seafloor morphologic changes are evaluated using both a coupled atmospheric-ocean-wave-sediment numerical modeling system that covered spatial scales ranging from the entire US east coast (1000 s of km) to local domains (10 s of km). Additionally, the modeled response for the region offshore of Fire Island, NY was compared to observational analysis from a series of geologic surveys from that location. The geologic investigations conducted in 2011 and 2014 revealed lateral movement of sedimentary structures of distances up to 450 m and in water depths up to 30 m, and vertical changes in sediment thickness greater than 1 m in some locations. The modeling investigations utilize a system with grid refinement designed to simulate oceanographic conditions with progressively increasing resolutions for the entire US East Coast (5-km grid), the New York Bight (700-m grid), and offshore of Fire Island, NY (100-m grid), allowing larger scale dynamics to drive smaller scale coastal changes. Model results in the New York Bight identify maximum storm surge of up to 3 m, surface currents on the order of 2 ms −1 along the New Jersey coast, waves up to 8 m in height, and bottom stresses exceeding 10 Pa. Flow down the Hudson Shelf Valley is shown to result in convergent sediment transport and deposition along its axis. Modeled sediment redistribution along Fire Island showed erosion across the crests of inner shelf sand ridges and sedimentation in adjacent troughs, consistent with the geologic observations.
Should Keynesian Economics Dispense with the Phillips Curve

My title should surprise the reader. That is certainly its intent. The presence of some sort of Phillips curve describing the process of sluggish price adjustment is often regarded as a defining characteristic of Keynesian models. Leading Keynesian macroeconomics textbooks all assign a central role to wage and price rigidity and to ‘natural rate’ Phillips curves describing the adjustment of wages and prices. On both sides of the Atlantic, discussions of macroeconomic policy assign a prime role to the concept of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) and debate its level. Keynesian economists in the USA point to the stability of the Phillips curve in recent years as decisive evidence upholding their position and refuting the views of new-classical economists. In Britain, Key-nesians dolefully track the NAIRU as it continues its upward march into double digits, while remaining resolute in their devotion to the Keynesian paradigm.
Chemically Bonded Ceramics as an Alternative to High Temperature Composite Processing

Processing of multi-phase ceramic composite materials using chemically bonded ceramics as a binding agent appears to be a promising route for fabricating complex-shaped structures. In a zirconia-calcium aluminate ceramic matrix composite, the hydraulic property of fine, monocalcium aluminate (CaAl2O4) powders was used to prepare strong prefired bodies. The changes in the physical characteristics of the composite during the conversion from a chemically bonded compact into a sintered composite were studied using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The density and the hardness of the chemically bonded and sintered composite were measured.
Will Perimetry Be Performed to Monitor Glaucoma in 2025

Visual field testing has played an essential role in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma for more than a century. Methods to examine the visual field have been refined from early kinetic perimetry to current standard automated perimetry (SAP). Clinicians now use SAP for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma throughout the world. Various testing paradigms and analytic methods have been developed to simplify the diagnosis of glaucoma and the interpretation of progression. Moreover, strategies have been implemented to improve patient experience with visual field testing and to increase reliability. Objective functional tests, such as electroretinography, provide an alternative to subjective visual field testing but are not yet ready for widespread adoption. Standard automated perimetry is being adapted and improved constantly. New devices may allow patients to complete visual field tests at home, which could relieve patients and clinicians from in-office testing and allow for more frequent examinations. Glaucoma detection and progression analysis also are incorporating progressively more information and will be improved as deep learning strategies are applied. Finally, perimetric and structural testing likely will become more closely intertwined as testing platforms and progression analysis incorporate both of these measures. Visual field testing will continue to have an important role in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma.
Modeling and Experiments of Rotary Percussive Drilling for Robotic Civil Infrastructure Rehabilitation

Abstract Rotary percussive drilling plays an important role in repairing defects and delami-nation in civil infrastructures such as bridge decks, tunnels, etc. Modeling of rotary percussive drilling is critical for optimization and control of the drilling performance. We present a modeling framework for rotary percussive drilling for robotic rehabilitation for bridge decks. The model uses an modified dry friction and other nonlinear elements to represent the pure percussive drilling characteristics. The contribution of the bit rotation to penetration is captured through the impact-induced crack-zone removals. An in-situ force measurement system is built to experimentally validate and demonstrate the model predictions. The experimental results confirm the modeling development and analyses.
Ward Identity and Basis Tensor Gauge Theory at One Loop

Basis tensor gauge theory (BTGT) is a reformulation of ordinary gauge theory that is an analog of the vierbein formulation of gravity and is related to the Wilson line formulation. To match ordinary gauge theories coupled to matter, the BTGT formalism requires a continuous symmetry that we call the BTGT symmetry in addition to the ordinary gauge symmetry. After classically interpreting the BTGT symmetry, we construct using the BTGT formalism the Ward identities associated with the BTGT symmetry and the ordinary gauge symmetry. For a way of testing the quantum stability and the consistency of the Ward identities with a known regularization method, we explicitly renormalize the scalar QED at one loop using dimensional regularization using the BTGT formalism.
Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology

Nontraditional human pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species, have been increasingly documented as agents of infection in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in normal hosts. Although definitive identification of these fungi requires culture, they often can be identified provisionally in tissue sections by a combination of histologic features, including hyaline septate hyphae and characteristic reproductive structures known as phialides and phialoconidia. These morphologic characteristics, although familiar to mycologists, are easily overlooked by histopathologists; as a result, Fusarium species and Paecilomyces lilacinus are frequently misidentified in tissue sections as Aspergillus or Candida species. We identified 19 culture-proved cases of infection with species of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, or Acremonium; retrospectively reviewed histologic specimens stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori methenamine silver, and/or periodic acid-Schiff stains; and delineated morphologic criteria that will help pathologists make a preliminary identification of these fungi by histopathology. Adventitious sporulation was found in 9 of 9 infections caused by Paecilomyces species, 7 of 10 infections caused by Fusarium species, and in the single case of infection caused by Acremonium strictum. Histologic recognition of these morphologies may help clinicians select appropriate initial antifungal treatment and manage the infection.
The distribution and abundance of Pilosocereus robinii (Lemaire) Byles and Rowley in the Florida Keys

Summary: A study of the tree-cacti of the Florida Keys was carried out during 1991–1994. A total of 626 tree-cactus plants comprising a total of 3,360 stems scattered on 4 keys and apportioned among 8 disjunct populations is reported.
Case Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Functional Analysis for Emetophobia

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a third-wave behavioral therapy that is an empirically supported treatment for various mental health concerns. ACT has been found to be efficacious for tr...
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of topical nitrates in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon

Background Multiple placebo-controlled trials have assessed locally applied topical nitrate preparations in treating Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Objectives The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of local topical nitrates in primary and secondary RP with respect to a combined end point integrating parameters of digital blood flow and clinical severity. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Only trials comparing locally applied topical nitrates with placebo comparators were included. Studies were appraised for bias by 2 independent reviewers. Results A total of 7 placebo-controlled trials including 346 patients were used in the meta-analysis; 4 trials used nitroglycerin ointments, 2 used the nitroglycerin gel vehicle MQX-503, and 1 used compounded nitrite. The meta-analysis results supported a moderate-to-large treatment effect in RP (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.35-1.05; P P = .008) and moderate effect in primary RP (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.05-0.85; P = .03). Limitations Limitations include the inclusion of multiple topical nitrate preparations and integration of different outcomes assessments. Conclusion Local topical nitrates have significant efficacy in the treatment of both primary and secondary RP.
Factors Influencing Health Service Utilization Among Asian Immigrant Nail Salon Workers in the Greater New York City Area

Most nail salon workers in the greater New York City area are Asian immigrant women. They are exposed daily to potentially toxic chemicals and hazards in their workplace, making them more vulnerable for possible health problems. The study’s primary purpose was to identify factors influencing past year healthcare utilization among Asian immigrant women working in nail salons. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on a modification of Andersen’s behavioral model of healthcare utilization in which 148 Korean and Chinese immigrant women currently working in nail salons were surveyed. The questionnaire included: (1) individual health determinants, (2) health service utilization in the past year, and (3) work environment, work-related health concerns, and work-related health problems. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models assessed factors related to past year healthcare utilization. Women who had health insurance (p < .01), a usual source of care (p < .01), low educational attainment (p < .05), and more work-related health symptoms (p < .05) were more likely to visit a primary care provider. Women who had health insurance (p < .01), a usual source of care (p < .05), and low educational attainment (p < .05), were also more likely to visit a woman’s health provider. Korean (rather than Chinese) women (p < .05) and women who perceived themselves to be in fair/poor health (p < .05) were more likely to see a traditional provider of Eastern medicine. Asian immigrant women who work in nail salons have workplace health and safety concerns. They generally use Western rather than traditional medicine, with different factors related to these two types of medicine.
Overlap Syndrome of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is typically defined as concomitant or serial presentation with clinical features of both of these 2 distinct diseases. The Paris criteria and variations of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis group scoring systems for the diagnosis of AIH have been used to diagnose overlap syndrome. If left untreated, patients with overlap syndrome will have higher rates of portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, death, and need for liver transplant. Therefore, early identification is essential in providing appropriate therapy to potentially prevent long-term adverse outcomes in patients with overlap syndrome.
Annotations for alloy: automated incremental analysis using domain specific solvers

Alloy is a declarative modeling language based on first-order logic with sets and relations. Alloy problems are analyzed fully automatically by the Alloy Analyzer. The analyzer translates a problem for given bounds to a propositional formula for which it searches a satisfying assignment via an off-the-shelf propositional satisfiability (SAT) solver. Hence, the performed analysis is a bounded exhaustive search and increasing the bounds leads to a combinatorial explosion. We increase the efficiency of the Alloy Analyzer by performing incremental analysis via domain specific solvers. We introduce annotations that define data types, operations on these data types, and bindings from data types to domain specific solvers. This meta-data is utilized to automatically partition a problem into sub-problems and opportunistically solve independent sub-problems in parallel using dedicated constraint solvers. We integrate dedicated Integer and String constraint solvers into Alloy's SAT based backend. Experimental results show that using dedicated solvers and exploiting independent sub-problems provide better efficiency and scalability; for the chosen subjects, our technique enables up to an order of magnitude speed-up.
Integrated Aerothermoelastic Analysis Framework with Application to Skin Panels

This study describes the development of an integrated aerothermoelastic computational framework. The framework consists of a Navier–Stokes aerodynamic solver based on an Automatic Differentiation f...
Summative Content Analysis for Understanding of Romantic Relationships Among Rural Mexican American Adolescent Women.

An understanding of romantic relationships among adolescent Mexican-American females is lacking yet needed to provide culturally appropriate sexual health interventions. Although explored among oth...
A seed germination transcriptomic study contrasting two soybean genotypes that differ in terms of their tolerance to the deleterious impacts of elevated temperatures during seed fill.

Soybean seed development is negatively impacted by elevated temperatures during seed fill, which can decrease seed quality and economic value. Prior germplasm screens identified an exotic landrace able to maintain ~ 95% seed germination under stress conditions that reduce germination dramatically (> 50%) for typical soybean seeds. Seed transcriptomic analysis was performed for two soybean lines (a heat-tolerant landrace and a typical high-yielding adapted line) for dry, mature seed, 6-h imbibed seed and germinated seed. Seeds were produced in two environments: a typical Midwestern field and a heat stressed field located in the Midsouth soybean production region. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 23–30K expressed genes in each seed tissue sample, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ≥ twofold gene expression differences (at q-value < 0.05) comprised ~ 5–44% of expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis on DEGs revealed enrichment in heat-tolerant seeds for genes annotated for general and temperature-specific stress, as well as protein-refolding. DEGs were also clustered in modules using weighted co-expressed gene network analysis, which were examined for enrichment of GO biological process terms. Collectively, our results provide new and valuable insights into this unique form of genetic abiotic stress tolerance and to soybean seed physiological responses to elevated temperatures.
NSF CHEST IUCRC: Case Study for Leveraging NSF IUCRCs for R&D

Besides a 10% overhead rate for university research, there are many other advantages for industry and DoD sponsors of National Science Foundation (NSF) Industry University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRCs). This paper not only enumerates existing advantages, but it also proposes an improved, business friendly paradigm for standing up IUCRCs that provides additional benefits to both industry, DoD, and university members. The NSF Hardware and Embedded Systems Security and Trust (CHEST) IUCRC is presented and used as an example to demonstrate how the process has worked.
Recent results for source function imaging from AGS through CERN SPS to RHIC

Recent femtoscopic measurements involving the use of an imaging technique and a newly developed moment analysis are presented and discussed. We show that this new paradigm allows robust investigation of reaction dynamics for which the sound speed $c_s \neq 0$ during an extended hadronization period. Source functions extracted for charged pions produced in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions show non-Gaussian tails for a broad selection of collision energies. The ratio of the RMS radii of these source functions in the out and side directions are found to be greater than 1, suggesting a finite emission time for pions.
Applying Elinor Ostrom's Rule Classification Framework to the Analysis of Open Source Software Commons

This research investigates the utility of Ostrom and Crawford's rule classification framework (elaborated in Understanding Institutional Diversity) in the systematic study of rule systems in a set of relatively complex open source projects and their overarching non-profit foundation. Using this framework, Rule configurations are described for the overall Open Source Geospatial Foundation and for each of seven associated geospatial projects. It is an honor for me (lead author Schweik) to be invited to contribute an article to this special issue of Transnational Corporations Review on "Ostroms Studies," celebrating Lin Ostrom's recent Nobel prize in Economics. Like many of the other people who have contributed to this volume, I am a former student of Lin and Vincent's, and one who has studied closely with Lin both in the International Forestry Resources and Institutions research program (IFRI, 2009) initiated at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University back in the early 1990s, and in research related to forest change at the Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC, 2009) in the mid-to- late 1990s. Through these efforts, I had the great pleasure of working and being mentored by Lin in the study of environmental commons situations, and in particular, the institutional analysis of natural resource commons.
Exploring critical digital literacy practices: Everyday video in a dual language context, by J. Z. Pandya

Due to safety concerns surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, many schools had to make quick transitions to online instruction. This transition highlighted socioeconomic and racial educational ...
Examining the Effects of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy in Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Background Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is known to increase the risk of multiple adverse outcomes after breast reconstruction. In the context of delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction, PMRT is typically conducted after placement of subpectoral (SP) tissue expanders. With the re-emergence of prepectoral (PP) reconstruction, there are little data assessing the outcomes of PP reconstruction in breasts receiving PMRT. We compared postoperative outcomes of PMRT patients undergoing delayed-immediate, autologous breast reconstruction with placement of tissue expanders in either the PP or SP plane. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on all consecutive patients who underwent delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction and received PMRT at either the Stanford University or the Johns Hopkins University Hospitals between January 2009 and December 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, perioperative information, and oncologic data were collected for all patients. Complications were collected and analyzed after stage 1 surgery, between 30 days of stage 1 and up to stage 2 surgery, and after stage 2 surgery. Multivariable regressions were used to determine predictors of 1 or more complications. Results A total of 71 patients (73 breasts) were included. Prepectoral reconstruction comprised of 52.2% of the cohort, and the remaining 47.8% were SP reconstructions. Demographics and comorbidities were similar between groups, except for premastectomy radiation, which was more prevalent in the PP cohort (P = 0.010). Complications were similar between cohorts after stage 1 surgery (P = 0.420), between stages 1 and 2 (P = 0.100), and after stage 2 (P = 0.570). There were higher rates of skin necrosis in the SP cohort between stages 1 and 2 (PP: 2.6%, SP: 20%, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis revealed body mass index to be the only predictor of complication (P = 0.041). The mean number of revisionary surgeries was higher in the SP cohort (PP: 0.8 vs SP: 1.9, P = 0.002). The mean follow-up was 385.5 days and similar between groups (P = 0.870). Conclusions Rates of overall complication were similar between PP and SP expander placement. However, in SP reconstructions, skin necrosis was significantly higher between stages 1 and 2. The patients in the SP cohort also underwent a greater number of revisionary surgeries, although overall rates of pursuing any revisionary surgery were similar between groups.