cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Nucleation and Growth of Thin Film Phosphors for Electroluminescent Flat Panel Displays

The deposition of CaGa 2 S 4 :Ce has been accomplished using a commercial liquid delivery system on two substrate surfaces: ZnS and SrS. However, the film deposited on ZnS was not of satisfactory quality because of the formation of an amorphous layer and a high amount of residual porosity within the deposition. The use of a SrS layer on top of the ZnS improved the nucleation by reducing the interfacial energy between the substrate and deposition. It greatly reduced the porosity in the coating and reduced the formation of the amorphous layer. The crystallinity of the CaGa 2 S 4 400 peak was also increased by a factor of ten when a layer of SrS was used. Further, the FWHM of the 400 peaks from the two depositions was not significantly different, indicating that the crystallite size and strain was approximately the same. The B 40 was increased by a factor of two, from 1.84 cd/m 2 for ZnS to 3.67 cd/m 2 for SrS. This increase is an improvement in the performance of the films and is attributable to the increase in the crystallinity. To utilize these improvements, the ability to deposit both the SrS and CaGa 2 S 4 :Ce layers within the same reactor has been developed.
Usage of virtual technology in training given to ground engineering crew

Diagnostic simulator of the M-28 aircraft is being designed in Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in Warsaw together with the Polish Air Force Academy (PAFA) in Deblin. The project is co-financed by European Union, as a part of “Innovative Economy” project entitled: “Development and tests of a diagnostic simulator of an aircraft with visualization technology applied”. This paper describes main assumptions of the project, which aim is to build a diagnostic simulator of the M-28 aircraft that can be used for ground engineering crew training. The paper also presents the technology that was used for virtualization of the aircraft’s cockpit and fuselage.
Abstract 248: Substance Abuse is Associated with Observation Status of Patients with Heart Failure at an Urban Academic Medical Center

Background: More than 80% of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are admitted and categorized as either observation (OBS) or inpatient (IP) post discharge using Interqual criteria (severity of illness and intensity of service). Identifying patient characteristics upon admission to determine OBS or IP status may optimize hospital resource utilization. Purpose: To determine patient characteristics upon admission that are associated with the categorization (OBS vs IP) for patients with ADHF presenting to the ED of an urban academic medical center. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of 172 randomly selected adult patients from 2013 who presented to the ED with ADHF. Patients had been categorized as OBS vs IP after discharge based on Interqual Criteria. Based on the literature, we identified variables traditionally associated with an admitting diagnosis for heart failure (HF) including: symptoms (shortness of breath, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower extremity edema), physiologic measures (B-type natriuretic peptide and blood pressure), and patient characteristics (number of co-morbidities, type of HF- HF with reduced ejection fraction vs HF with preserved ejection fraction, 30 day readmission rate, gender, ethnicity, and history of substance abuse within the past 12 months). Chi square tests and student t-tests were used to compare variables between groups. Results: Of the 172 ADHF patients, 76% (n=131) were categorized as IP and 24% (n=41) were OBS. The majority of patients were African American (n = 130, 75.6%), female (n = 101, 58.7%) and had HF with a reduced ejection fraction (n = 99, 57.6%). There were no significant differences between the OBS and IP groups in terms of symptoms, B-type natriuretic peptide levels, blood pressure, number of co-morbidities, type of HF, 30 day readmission rate, gender, ethnicity, or socio-demographic characteristics. A history of substance abuse was more common among the OBS group versus the IP group ( p = 0.013). Conclusions: In this single center retrospective medical record review comparing the categorization of patients presenting to the ED with ADHF as OBS vs IP, we found no difference in the traditional clinical variables between groups. However, a history of substance abuse was associated with the patient being categorized as OBS. Substance abuse may be an important non-traditional variable to consider in resource utilization.
SYNTHESIS OF HYDROPHOBIC ASSOCIATED WATER SOLUBLE POLYMER WITH URETHANE STRUCTURE

A hydrophobic associated water-soluble polymer with two phenyl groups and long chain alkyl in side chain has been synthesized in aqueous solution by radical micellar polymerization. Thickening effect of the copolymers aqueous solution with different hydrophobic group length existing in different surfactants has been studied. Results obtained show that the copolymers behavior excellent property of viscosity increasing when the numbers of carbon atom in hydrophobic group are 8 and dodecybenzene sulfonic sodium exists. In addition, conditions of the synthesized reaction are optimized through orthogonal design method and the optimal reaction conditions are as follow: the concentration of acrylamide is 10%-15%, the feed of initiator, hydrophobic monomer and surfactant are 0.2%, 0.5%(mol), 0.75% relative to the AM feed, respectively.
Renal Arteriovenous Malformations- A Rare Vascular Cause of Back Pain

Background Renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare phenomenon (fewer than 200 cases in the literature), most commonly (75%) presenting with hematuria in young women. Renal AVMs may be cirsoid (multibranched) or cavernous, with cirsoid morphology predominating 3:1. The historical treatment is partial nephrectomy. Best endovascular therapy is divided among many options. We present 2 cases of large renal AVMs treated with single Amplatzer plugs. Methods During a 2-year period (2014–15), 2 patients presented for vascular evaluation of renal AVMs found incidentally on workup for nonspecific abdominal and back pain. Both were the less common cavernous-type AVM. Each noted back pain ipsilateral to the AVM. Neither had a history of trauma or renal procedures. Each underwent angiography and Amplatzer plug placement to occlude flow while preserving parenchyma. Results Each patient successfully underwent occlusion of the arterial feeding branch of the AVM with immediate angiographic success. Each patient subsequently underwent follow-up imaging that demonstrated absence of filling of the AVM with preservation of healthy renal parenchyma. Conclusions Renal AVMs, although very rare, do present to vascular surgeons and may be managed successfully via an endovascular approach with standard techniques. Although renal AVMs are often managed with cyanoacrylate embolization, careful selective arterial catheterization allows for single plug embolization with excellent results and without requiring venous intervention.
Urothelial purine release during filling of murine and primate bladders

During urinary bladder filling the bladder urothelium releases chemical mediators that in turn transmit information to the nervous and muscular systems to regulate sensory sensation and detrusor muscle activity. Defects in release of urothelial mediators may cause bladder dysfunctions that are characterized with aberrant bladder sensation during bladder filling. Previous studies have demonstrated release of ATP from the bladder urothelium during bladder filling, and ATP remains the most studied purine mediator that is released from the urothelium. However, the micturition cycle is likely regulated by multiple purine mediators, since various purine receptors are found present in many cell types in the bladder wall, including urothelial cells, afferent nerves, interstitial cells in lamina propria, and detrusor smooth muscle cells. Information about the release of other biologically active purines during bladder filling is still lacking. Decentralized bladders from C57BL/6 mice and Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were filled with physiological solution at different rates. Intraluminal fluid was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for simultaneous evaluation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ADP-ribose, and cADP-ribose content. We also measured ex vivo bladder filling pressures and performed cystometry in conscious unrestrained mice at different filling rates. ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, ADPR, cADPR, and adenosine were detected released intravesically at different ratios during bladder filling. Purine release increased with increased volumes and rates of filling. Our results support the concept that multiple urothelium-derived purines likely contribute to the complex regulation of bladder sensation during bladder filling.
Gestörte Aufspaltung 1. Ordnung: ∆δ nicht groß gegenüber J

In Kap. 4 wurde eine Anzahl von NMR-Spektren gezeigt, bei denen es moglich war, die Aufspaltung in einfacher Weise, namlich gemas der (N + 1)-Regel, zu deuten. Es wurde jedoch dort darauf hingewiesen, das zwei Bedingungen erfullt sein mussen, damit die (N + 1)- Regel anwendbar ist. Erstens, alle Kopplungskonstanten zwischen den Mitgliedern zweier Satze von magnetisch aktiven Kernen mit verschiedener chemischer Verschiebung mussen gleich sein; damit wird magnetische Aquivalenz vorausgesetzt. Zweitens, die eine Kopplungskonstante J zwischen den beiden Satzen mus klein sein im Vergleich zur entsprechenden Differenz Δδ der chemischen Verschiebungen der beiden Satze. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir nunmehr sehen, welche Konsequenzen es hat, wenn die zweite Bedingung nicht erfullt ist. (Die Konsequenzen bei Nichterfullung der ersten Bedingung werden in Kap. 6 besprochen.)
Engineering change activity analysis of space mission projects

Engineering changes and their propagation through a system provide insight into the complexity of a system. In an effort to identify systematic trends, we have analyzed two very different JPL-led space mission projects to classify the change activity and assess change propagation. The projects selected are a Mars lander mission, Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), and an Earth-orbiting mission, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP). Change in space system development is recorded with engineering change requests (ECRs). ECRs can be regarded as an indicator of the progression of work. We employ time analysis of ECR initiation throughout the lifecycle, correlate ECR generators with ECR absorbers, and consider the distribution of ECRs across subsystems. Further, we analyze ECR-document and ECR-ECR networks to assess project interaction. These analyses give us insight into the similarities and differences between these projects. For both SMAP and MSL, similar subsystems generate or absorb change. However, SMAP followed a progression in which change was damped over time, whereas MSL often saw acceleration of change. The two projects also differed with regard to change management, with SMAP using a hierarchical approach while MSL interactions were more widely distributed.
Neuropsychiatric Complications of Parkinson Disease Treatments: Importance of Multidisciplinary Care

Although Parkinson disease (PD) is defined clinically by its motor symptoms, it is increasingly recognized that much of the disability and worsened quality of life experienced by patients with PD is attributable to psychiatric symptoms. The authors describe a model of multidisciplinary care that enables these symptoms to be effectively managed. They describe neuropsychiatric complications of PD itself and pharmacologic and neurostimulation treatments for parkinsonian motor symptoms and discuss the management of these complications. Specifically, they describe the clinical associations between motor fluctuations and anxiety and depressive symptoms, the compulsive overuse of dopaminergic medications prescribed for motor symptoms (the dopamine dysregulation syndrome), and neuropsychiatric complications of these medications, including impulse control disorders, psychosis, and manic syndromes. Optimal management of these problems requires close collaboration across disciplines because of the potential for interactions among the pathophysiologic process of PD, motor symptoms, dopaminergic drugs, and psychiatric symptoms. The authors emphasize how their model of multidisciplinary care facilitates close collaboration among psychiatrists, other mental health professionals, neurologists, and functional neurosurgeons and how this facilitates effective care for patients who develop the specific neuropsychiatric complications discussed.
Abstract 1931: Mathematical modeling predicts exponential growth kinetics for metastases in the lymphatic vessels in the absence of vascularization

The objective of this study was to examine how the biophysical characteristics of different metastatic niches influence survival and growth of metastatic cells using mathematical modeling. In the lung, metastases can form in the lung parenchyma or in the lymphatic vessels. The presence of cancer metastases in the lung lymphatics is associated with rapid disease progression and extremely poor prognosis for patients. Remarkably, metastases in pulmonary lymphatics are avascular, yet grow larger than metastases in the lung parenchyma. To explain rapid growth of metastases in the lymphatics in the absence of angiogenesis, we have developed a 3D mathematical model of intralymphatic tumor growth. This is a deterministic continuum model based on partial differential equations used to describe avascular tumor growth and adapted to reflect the unique architecture of the lymphatic vasculature. Our model predicts that the cylindrical shape of the lymphatic vessel, which constrains growth of the tumor in two dimensions yet allows indefinite growth along the vessel, enables oxygen levels to remain high throughout the tumor. The greater diffusion coefficient of oxygen in lymph further improves oxygenation of intralymphatic metastases, which rarely become hypoxic. Improved tumor oxygenation leads to decreased tumor cell death and a rapid increase of metastatic burden in the lymphatics. Importantly, our model predicts that the kinetics of growth of intralymphatic metastases is exponential. This contrasts the established view that all tumors follow Gompertzian growth kinetics, i.e., that tumor growth rate decreases as tumor size increases. Furthermore, these findings indicate that the lymphatic niche is a favorable environment for metastatic growth, and that angiogenesis is not always required for the progressive growth of metastases. Finally, our predictions of different growth kinetics of primary tumors and their metastases suggest that the treatment schedules for metastatic disease could be further optimized to achieve better efficacy. Citation Format: Ruth E. Griswold, Simona Podgrabinska, Suvendu Das, Boyce Griffith, Charles S. Peskin, Mihaela Skobe. Mathematical modeling predicts exponential growth kinetics for metastases in the lymphatic vessels in the absence of vascularization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1931. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1931
Resolution of Metallic Biliary Stent Allergic Reaction After Partial Stent Removal in a Patient with Nickel Sensitivity

Local and systemic reactions to implanted metallic devices, particularly to those containing nickel, are well documented. Metal ions are released due to exposure of the metal to blood, proteins, other body fluids, and sheer mechanical stress. Metal ions then complex with native proteins and become antigens, which can elicit hypersensitivity reactions. Another case report depicts a specific allergic complication (early stent occlusion) related to metallic biliary stent implantation. We present a case of allergic symptoms, associated with eating, in a patient who developed nickel sensitivity after biliary metal stent placement confirmed by allergic skin testing to the same metallic biliary stent placed one year earlier. Symptoms resolved following partial removal of the non-epithelialized portion of the biliary stent.
AIC under the framework of least squares estimation

Abstract In this note we explain the use of the Akiake Information Criterion and its related model comparison indices (usually derived for maximum likelihood estimator inverse problem formulations) in the context of least squares (ordinary, weighted, iterative weighted or “generalized”, etc.) based inverse problem formulations. The ideas are illustrated with several examples of interest in biology.
A property on reinforcing edge-disjoint spanning hypertrees in uniform hypergraphs

Abstract Suppose that H is a simple uniform hypergraph satisfying | E ( H ) | = k ( | V ( H ) | − 1 ) . A k -partition π = ( X 1 , X 2 , … , X k ) of E ( H ) such that | X i | = | V ( H ) | − 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a uniform k -partition. Let P k ( H ) be the collection of all uniform k -partitions of E ( H ) and define e ( π ) = ∑ i = 1 k c ( H ( X i ) ) − k , where c ( H ) denotes the number of maximal partition-connected sub-hypergraphs of H . Let e ( H ) = min π ∈ P k ( H ) e ( π ) . Then e ( H ) ≥ 0 with equality holds if and only if H is a union of k edge-disjoint spanning hypertrees. The parameter e ( H ) is used to measure how close H is being from a union of k edge-disjoint spanning hypertrees. We prove that if H is a simple uniform hypergraph with | E ( H ) | = k ( | V ( H ) | − 1 ) and e ( H ) > 0 , then there exist e ∈ E ( H ) and e ′ ∈ E ( H c ) such that e ( H − e + e ′ ) e ( H ) . This generalizes a former result, which settles a conjecture of Payan. The result iteratively defines a finite e -decreasing sequence of uniform hypergraphs H 0 , H 1 , H 2 , … , H m such that H 0 = H , H m is the union of k edge-disjoint spanning hypertrees, and such that two consecutive hypergraphs in the sequence differ by exactly one hyperedge.
Boundary Layer Height and Buoyancy Determine the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self-Aggregation

AbstractOrganized rainstorms and their associated overturning circulations can self-emerge over an ocean surface with uniform temperature in cloud-resolving simulations. This phenomenon is referred to as convective self-aggregation. Convective self-aggregation is argued to be an important building block for tropical weather systems and may help regulate tropical atmospheric humidity and thereby tropical climate stability. Here the author presents a boundary layer theory for the horizontal scale λ of 2D (x, z) convective self-aggregation by considering both the momentum and energy constraints for steady circulations. This theory suggests that λ scales with the product of the boundary layer height h and the square root of the amplitude of density variation between aggregated moist and dry regions in the boundary layer, and that this density variation mainly arises from the moisture variation due to the virtual effect of water vapor. This theory predicts the following: 1) the order of magnitude of λ is ~2000...
Widespread Vasculopathy in a Patient with Morquio A Syndrome

Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV type A), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defective N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfatase gene, leads to lysosomal accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. This accumulation affects multiple systems and causes notable cardiovascular manifestations, such as thickening of the left-sided valves, ventricular hypertrophy, and intimal stenosis of the coronary arteries. There have been few reports of vasculopathy in this population. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with Morquio A syndrome who was found to have aortic dilation on a routine screening echocardiogram. Magnetic resonance images revealed multiple tortuous, dilated arteries in her head, neck, and abdomen. The diffuse vasculopathy seen in this patient should prompt further study to determine whether this is an underreported phenomenon of clinical significance or an unusual finding in this rare disorder.
Efficient exact paths for dyck and semi-dyck labeled path reachability (extended abstract)

Consider any two vertices in a weighted digraph. The exact path length problem is to determine if there is a path of a given fixed cost between these vertices. This paper focuses on the exact path problem for costs −1,0 or +1 between all pairs of vertices. This special case is also restricted to original edge weights from {−1, +1}. In this special case, this paper gives an O(nω log2 n) exact path solution, where ω is the best exponent for matrix multiplication. Basic variations of this algorithm determine which pairs of digraph nodes have Dyck or semi-Dyck labeled paths between them, assuming two terminals or parenthesis. Therefore, determining reachability for Dyck or semi-Dyck labeled paths costs O(nω log2 n). Both the exact path and labeled path solutions can be improved by poly-log factors, but these improvements are not given here. To find Dyck or semi-Dyck reachability in a labeled digraph, each edge has a single symbol on it. A path label is made by concatenating all symbols along the path. Cycles are allowed without any repeated edges. These paths have the same number of balanced parenthesizations (semi-Dyck languages) or have an equal numbers of matching symbols (Dyck languages). The exact path length problem has many applications. These applications include the labeled path problems given here, which in turn, have many applications.
Is Living the Good Life Possible in a Lower EROI Future

We are often accused of being pessimists, probably because we do believe that the future will have at least less oil and perhaps less energy than it does now and we believe that the energy costs of getting whatever fuels we do use will become greater and greater. But, we do not see this automatically as a bad future, depending on how we deal with it. As boys, we both had a wonderful childhood on opposite coasts in the 1950s and 1960s during a period when the US energy use was only 20% of what it is now. We could go fishing and surfing (respectively) on our bicycles and had no need for soccer moms driving us around in an SUV. We played sports all the time with neighborhood friends and went camping and hiking to our heart’s content. Nature was abundant, everywhere, exciting, and fascinating. Even today’s perspective that there are dangerous people out there and children must be driven everywhere for protection was not valid—and even today youngsters are considerably more likely to die or be hurt in an automobile accident than be kidnapped!
When Does Practice Testing Promote Transfer on Deductive Reasoning Tasks

Tran et al. (2015) evaluated whether engaging in practice testing versus restudy promotes transfer and concluded that testing does not enhance performance on a deductive reasoning task. The current research further evaluated Tran et al. (2015) and an alternative explanation for the observed effect—namely, that testing did not enhance memory for the information required to complete the deductive reasoning task. Learners studied premises from four scenarios and engaged in testing or restudy during practice. Following practice, learners completed a multiple-choice test that required them to deductively reason from premises. Results replicate Tran et al. (2015) by demonstrating that fill-in-the-blank testing does not promote transfer on a deductive reasoning task. Results also provide evidence suggesting that deductive reasoning depends on complete memory for requisite pieces of information and that testing effects on deductive reasoning are more likely to obtain under conditions that yield a memory advantage for testing versus restudy.
The nucleolus organizer region of maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize plants were produced partially triploid for the heterochromatic segment of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) or partially triploid or tetraploid for the site giving rise to the secondary constriction of the NOR. These partially hyperploid plants were characterized in terms of chromosome and/or nucleolar constitution by light microscopy at pachytene, diakinesis, and quartet stages of microsporogenesis. DNA's of the various partially hyperploid plants and appropriate controls were extracted and hybridized with 3H-rRNA. The heterochromatic segment of the NOR was found to contain most of the rRNA cistrons, but has little or no interaction with the nucleolus. In contrast with the heterochromatic segment, the site giving rise to the secondary constriction contains few rRNA cistrons but is active in nucleolar formation as viewed at pachytene, diakinesis and quartet stages.
After postmodernism: A dialogical paradigm

Postmodernism is a counter-Enlightenment discourse against the subject-centered reason of the Enlightenment, i.e. the rationality based on ‘the belief that there is objective truth and that appropr...
Individual- and Ad-Level Predictors of Perceptions of Serious and Actionable Risks in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug TV Advertising.

Prescription drug broadcast advertisements in the United States are required to present the product’s major risks in at least the audio portion of the ad (21 CFR 202.1(e)(1)). This can result in a ...
Alternate-day feeding leads to improved glucose regulation on fasting days without significant weight loss in genetically obese mice

Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is effective for weight loss and increases insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rodents. However, the efficacy of ADF in genetic models of obesity has not been comp...
Class Consciousness in Late-Twentieth-Century America

In this chapter, I explain the nature of “class consciousness” in America in light of both the standard sociological definitions in stratification theory and the Marxist sense of the term. I argue that the Marxist concept provides us with a useful tool missing from other definitions: the key concept of agency. After outlining a class-based explanation of our political system—Stanley Aronowitz’s notion of an elite political directorate composed of competing factions—I provide a relatively detailed history of the post-war decline of working-class consciousness and the concomitant rise of what I call a fully developed form of ruling-class consciousness. I chart how these forms of consciousness influenced and were influenced by politics.
Reflection through assessment: A systematic narrative review of teacher feedback and student self-perception

Abstract Beginning with two important meta-analyses by Hattie and Timperley (2007) and Shute (2008) , the relationship between teacher feedback and student self-perception has received more attention. One way students enact a self-perception is by reflectively writing about their participation within a particular field of study. The current review analyzes how teacher feedback facilitates and supports the formation of self-perception made visible in students’ reflective writing. The following electronic databases were searched up to February 2018: CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar. Five themes in total were constructed. These themes indicate contexts when feedback might lead to students reflecting through writing on a self-perception. Features of feedback that most likely promote this kind of reflection can be described as: content situated, dialogic, and empathic. As a secondary category of themes, feedback should position students as: fluid and/or vulnerable.
Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era.

Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era The extent of the marginal benefit of universal masking over and above foundational personal protection measures is debatable. But there may be ad...
Scalar mesons and the search for the O + + glueball

The possibility that gluonic excitations of hadronic matter or of the QCD vacuum may exist is perhaps one of the most fascinating topics in hadron spectroscopy. Glueballs are predicted by many models; in particular, present-day lattice gauge calculations require their existence. All these models agree that the lightest glueball should have scalar quantum numbers and a mass around 1.6GeV, which corresponds to the mass region where the scalar $\rm q \bar{q}$ -mesons are expected. Therefore, mixing effects can complicate the search for the glueball. Experiments indeed show an overpopulation of states, for which many different interpretations exist. This reflects the complexity of the situation. New data from various experiments on scalar states give hints toward an interpretation of the scalar states. But still many questions remain.
Comparative effects of in vivo treatment using interleukin-11 and stem cell factor on reconstitution in mice after bone marrow transplantation

Molecular analysis of the hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) has led to the characterization and molecular cloning of two unique growth factors produced by stromal cells. Interleukin (IL)-11 and stem-cell factor (SCF; steel factor [SF]) have been shown in a variety of in vitro culture systems to stimulate distinct populations of stem, progenitor, and more differentiated cell types. We have analyzed and compared the effects of each growth factor administered to mice undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after total body irradiation (TBI). We report that IL-11 stimulates platelet and neutrophil recovery, while the main effect of SCF is on erythroid cell recovery in this model. Mice treated with the combination of IL-11 and SCF show increases in all three lineages compared with control mice, without obvious toxicity. In addition, both the type of progenitor- and stem-cell populations stimulated and the anatomic localization of effects seen with each growth factor are distinct. These data in mice suggest that the combination of IL-11 and SCF might be useful in humans undergoing myeloablative therapies.
Building vaccine acceptance through communication and advocacy.

In January 2019, the World Health Organization named vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health, alongside pandemic influenza, climate change, and poor access to primary healt...
The Impact of Sonic Logos on Brand Perceptions: An Abstract

Sonic logos have been around since the original NBC chimes, which was the first sound to receive an audio trademark. Even now, Sonic Logos are utilized as a strategic branding element across a variety of mediums. Despite the importance of sonic logos, surprisingly little research has examined their usage and impact on consumer perceptions of brands. Significant work has investigated other forms of music and marketing such as background music (Park and Young 1986), creating the impression of social presence (Sayin et al. 2015), persuasion in marketing (Bruner 1990; Kellaris and Cox 1989; Park 2003), and through the use of sounds and music in retail or public environments (Beverland et al. 2006; Mattila and Wirtz 2001; Morrison and Beverland 2003; Spangenberg et al. 2005).
Exploring Software Naturalness through Neural Language Models.

The Software Naturalness hypothesis argues that programming languages can be understood through the same techniques used in natural language processing. We explore this hypothesis through the use of a pre-trained transformer-based language model to perform code analysis tasks. Present approaches to code analysis depend heavily on features derived from the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) while our transformer-based language models work on raw source code. This work is the first to investigate whether such language models can discover AST features automatically. To achieve this, we introduce a sequence labeling task that directly probes the language models understanding of AST. Our results show that transformer based language models achieve high accuracy in the AST tagging task. Furthermore, we evaluate our model on a software vulnerability identification task. Importantly, we show that our approach obtains vulnerability identification results comparable to graph based approaches that rely heavily on compilers for feature extraction.
Conversations in Law and Society: Oral Histories of the Emergence and Transformation of the Movement

This article uses oral histories of surviving founders to explore the emergence of law and society as a scholarly movement and its transformation to a scholarly field. The oral histories we draw on...
Determinants of Undergraduates’ Environmental Behavioural Intentions and Their Links to Socioscientific Issues Education

Socioscientific issues (SSI) education provides a framework for students to learn about controversial scientific topics such as climate change, vaccines, and genetic engineering, but rarely measures specific personal factors in student decision-making. SSI educators might benefit from building on behavior theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Environmentalism (VBN) in examining how students make decisions about different types of environmental issues. Undergraduate students (n=132) were surveyed to investigate for which types of behavior TPB, VBN, or both theories are most effective, and to explore whether climate change knowledge was a significant predictor of behavior. Behaviors were divided into indirect behaviors with recycling as a direct behavior comparison. The combined theories of behavior best predicted behavioral intentions in regression models over either theory individually. Recycling, a direct environmental behavior, was predicted by different determinants than three indirect environmental behaviors. Climate change knowledge was not a significant predictor in any of the models. These results support the use of different behavior models for different behaviors and exploration of subjective and personal norms around environmental behavior in the SSI classroom.
DGraph Clusters Flaviviruses and β-Coronaviruses According to Their Hosts, Disease Type, and Human Cell Receptors

Motivation:There is a need for rapid and easy-to-use, alignment-free methods to cluster large groups of protein sequence data. Commonly used phylogenetic trees based on alignments can be used to vi...
PEEP and Oxygen Requirements With Pressure Support vs Pressure Control for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Home

Background: The optimal method for home ventilation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is not well defined. These patients have heterogeneous lung disease with increased alveolar dead space and airway resistance, varying time constants, malacia, and hyperinflation. A BPD collaborative suggested that ventilation strategies using larger tidal volumes, slower rates, and longer inspiratory times (Ti) have been successful. Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a pediatric academic medical center including patients from 9/2016 to 2/2021 with a primary diagnosis of BPD and discharged with tracheostomy and home ventilation. PC or PS ventilation mode was chosen at the discretion of the ICU team. We sought to evaluate differences between allowing titrated PS (+/- volume guarantee) with varying rise time, % cycle time and Ti range vs PC with a set pressure, respiratory rate, and Ti. Data collected included gestational age (GA) at birth, birth weight (BW) and weight at time of trach (TW), respiratory support at 36-weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), PMA and respiratory support at time of trach and discharge, and days from trach to discharge. P-values were calculated using a 2-tailed unpaired t-test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Eighteen infants were included (PS n = 11, PC n = 7). There were no significant differences between the PS and PC groups for GA at birth, BW, support at 36-week PMA, age at trach, TW, FIO2 at trach, or days from trach to discharge. Significant differences were found in FIO2 at discharge (lower in PS group, P = 0.0002), PEEP at trach and discharge (lower in PS group, P = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: PSV can be safely applied in BPD patients for home ventilation with a lower oxygen requirement at discharge than those on PCV. The PEEP in the PS group was also lower at the time of discharge, however they started with a significantly lower PEEP at the time of trach and both groups had an equivalent decrease in PEEP from time of trach to discharge of ~1.5 cm H2O. PSV does not change the time from trach to discharge and may provide oxygen cost savings in the hospital and home.
Corporal Punishment: The Pros and Cons

(1991). Corporal Punishment: The Pros and Cons. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 278-283.
Effect of MGA on Performance, Sexual Behavior, Carcass Quality and Tenderness in Mixed-Sex Pens of Cattle

The effect of MGA in mixed pens of steers and heifers was evaluated over a three-year period at the ISU Armstrong Research Farm near Lewis, Iowa. Two pens of approximately 40 head were fed diets with or without MGA in each of three replications. Estrus and riding activity was monitored using the Heat Watchâ system. At slaughter, in addition to routine carcass data collection, a rib sample was collected from each carcass for tenderness evaluation. There was no effect on dry matter intake due to MGA treatment. Mixed-sex pens that were fed MGA were 4% more efficient than controls. MGA-fed steers gained similarly to control steers. MGA fed heifers gained 8% faster than control heifers. MGA highly reduced measures of estrus and riding activity throughout the feeding period. MGA feeding improved marbling and tenderness measured in both steers and heifers. These data suggest that MGA has potential to improve performance, quality grade and tenderness in mixed pens of steers and heifers.
Accelerated Future Learning via Explicit Instruction of a Problem Solving Strategy

Explicit instruction in a problem-solving strategy accelerated learning not only in the domain where it was taught but also in a second domain where it was not taught. We present data from a study in which students learned two unrelated deductive domains: probability and physics. During the probability instruction, the Strategy group was trained with an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that explicitly taught a domain-independent backward chaining problem-solving strategy while the No-strategy groups trained with another ITS without any explicit strategy instruction. During the subsequent physics instruction, both groups were trained with the same ITS, which did not explicitly teach any strategy. The Strategy group gained significantly more than the No-strategy group in both domains. Moreover, their gains were evident both on multiple-principle problems, where the strategy should make problem solving more efficient, and on single-principle ones, where the strategy should make no difference. This suggests that the strategy increased the students' learning of domain principles and concepts, because that is all they had to know in order to solve the single-principle problems.
A Laboratory Study of Fracture in the Presence of Lap Splice Multiple Site Damage

Flat coupons were tested in the laboratory to determine a fracture criterion for link-up of fuselage lap splice multiple site damage at adjacent rivet holes. Experiments were performed on 0.040 inch (1 mm) thick 2024-T3 clad aluminum sheet. Continuous and riveted lap splice coupons were tested with simulated uniform (equal crack lengths) and nonuniform MSD, and the effects of notch sharpness were also studied. A net section stress criterion was found to provide excellent predictions of fracture for uniform MSD and uniform stress distributions. This same criterion provides conservative predictions for nonuniform MSD in uniform stress fields. An overload/cyclic stress experiment was also conducted to explore the pressurized proof test scenario of ensuring structural integrity.
Reorganization of neocortical representations after brain injury: a neurophysiological model of the bases of recovery from stroke.

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the way somatosensory cortical maps of the skin surface are determined experimentally and summarizes some of the evidence for the functional plasticity of these somatosensory cortical representations of the skin surface in adults. The chapter describes new electrophysiological results that demonstrate that there is a functional reorganization of cortical representations of the skin surfaces in the cortical zones surrounding focal cortical lesions and considers some implications of these experiments for understanding cortical mechanisms underlying the behavioral recovery following brain injury. Somatosensory cortical representations of the skin surfaces in monkeys are remodeled by use throughout life by intrinsic input selection processes. Those processes are thought to underly learning, memory, and the acquisition of skill. In any event, there is a manifest plasticity of functional representational detail driven by use in cortical area, 3b, operating over distances of hundreds of microns in normal adult primates. It has been concluded that this functional map alterability does not involve a significant growth or movement of input terminal arbors, but rather, is accounted for by changes in the effectiveness of anatomically static inputs.
Biological activities of nerve growth factor bound to nitrocellulose paper by Western blotting

We have previously developed a cell-blot technique to visualize directly in tissue extracts molecules that display the biological activity of ciliary neuronotrophic factors (CNTFs). This technique involves SDS-PAGE of the tissue extract, Western blotting on nitrocellulose paper, neuronal cell culture on the paper, and, using a vital dye, visualization of the neurons that selectively survive on the trophic factor band. In this report, we show that (1) NGF, either purified or in a crude extract from submaxillary glands, can also be successfully recognized using a slightly modified cell-blot technique; (2) a variety of ganglionic neurons can respond to distinct nitrocellulose-anchored trophic factors; (3) while CNTF and NGF can both support the survival of their common target cells, only NGF also promotes neuritic extension; and (4) both the dimeric and the monomeric forms of immobilized beta-NGF are active.
Dr. Roy J. Shephard: A Pioneer in Physical Activity and Preventive Medicine

This article summarizes briefly the remarkable career of Dr. Roy J. Shephard, and his legacy to physical activity and preventive medicine.
Contractual Versus Actual Severance Pay Following CEO Departure

Using hand-collected data, we document the details of the ex-ante severance contract and the ex-post separation pay given to S&P500 CEOs upon departing from their company. We analyze what are the determinants of whether or not a departing CEO receives separation pay in excess of her severance contract. This excess separation pay is on average, $8 million, which amounts to close to 242% of a CEOs’ annual compensation. We investigate several potential explanations for this phenomenon and find evidence that in voluntary CEO departures, excess separation pay represents a governance problem. In contrast, we find evidence that in forced departures, excess separation pay represents a need to facilitate a quick and smooth transition from the failed ex-CEO to a new CEO. These results help to shed light on the dual role played by severance compensation and on the bargaining game played between the board and the departing executive.
Design, fabrication, and testing of micro-optical sensors containing multiple aspheres

The micro-sensor field is presently proliferating with designs and approaches. The authors have developed a micro-spectrometer for sensing application containing five precision surfaces, including two off-axis aspheres. The entire monolith is less than six cubic centimeters in volume. This particular design contains a bandwidth of about 1 micrometer which is centered at 980 nm. Once an appropriate starting substrate was produced, the entire system was diamond turned to maintain the required surface figure, inter-surface spacing, and surface tilts. Only three diamond turned fixtures were needed to produce the monolith. The results proved to be more than adequate for many sensing applications. Slightly altered designs could easily be produced containing different bandwidths and resolutions as needed by the customer. Due to the spectrum of interest and the fabrication method, PMMA was the material chosen for this sensor. Other designs configurations incorporating BK7 and sapphire are presently being studied.
Two types of potassium channels in the PC12 cell line

Activation of K+ channels in the PC12 cell line was studied by comparing86Rb+ efflux under depolarizing and non-depolarizing conditions. Evidence for both Ca2+-dependent and voltage-dependent K+ channels was obtained by studying depolarization-induced86Rb+ efflux in solutions of varying Ca2+ concentration and in the presence of K+ and Ca2+ channel blocking agents.
Flexible manufacturing system(FMS)scheduling using filtered beam search

This paper reports our effort to develop a knowledge based system for scheduling jobs in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). We view FMS scheduling as a two-stage process: static scheduling, followed by real-time rescheduling if unanticipated events were to occur. This paper deals with the static scheduling stage. The system uses a frame-based knowledge representation scheme and a problem-solving strategy based on filtered beam search. Filtered beam search views a scheduling problem as a state space search and generates a ‘good’ schedule quickly by controlling the amount of search required. Evaluation functions are used to decide which branches are the most promising. An important feature of this system, in our view, is the explicit manner in which environmental, procedural and structural knowledge, (stored in the knowledge base using a frame-based scheme) can be used to improve the quality of the generated schedule. The system has been implemented and tested using Common Lisp on a Macintosh system with a 3MB main memory and a 40MB hard disk. Computational experience with our system is reported.
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: results from a large normative developmental sample (PING)

Objective The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) was designed to provide a brief, efficient computerized test of key neuropsychological functions appropriate for use in children as young as 3 years of age. This report describes the performance of a large group of typically developing children and adolescents and examines the impact of age and sociocultural variables on test performance.