cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Wounds as a Factor to Infection of Cabbage by Ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

A semi-selective medium was used to examine the aerobiology of ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in five commercial cabbage fields in eastern North Carolina. Ascospores were present in all five fields from 26 September to 30 November. However, numbers of ascospores varied greatly depending on location, sampling date, and time. In general, peak ascospore deposition occurred between 11:00 A.M. and 1:00 P.M., with the number of colonies recovered ranging from 3 to 55/dish (9 cm in diameter). Peak ascospore numbers at all locations were found from mid- to late October, but a second, smaller peak was also evident at each location in late November. Information obtained was employed to evaluate the role of wounding in infection of cabbage by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum in controlled environmental chambers. A method for production and release of ascospores of S. sclerotiorum was employed in controlled-environment chambers for the inoculation of cabbage plants with one of three representative foliar wounds: a bruise, a cut, or a non-lethal freeze. Wounding treatments were applied to 7-week-old cabbage plants, misting was added to maintain continuous leaf wetness, and ascospores were released from apothecia twice daily for four consecutive days. Spore trapping with a semi-selective medium indicated that inoculum was evenly distributed within the chambers and deposition was similar to levels recorded in the field. At 31 days after inoculation, disease incidence ranged from 0% on the control to 96% on the freeze treatments. Freeze-treated plants showed the highest disease severity throughout the entire incubation period. Mean area under the disease progress curve of severity values were 0, 0.2, 34 and 60 for the control, cut, bruise, and freeze treatments, respectively. Results indicate that freeze and bruise injuries are important factors associated with infection of cabbage by S. sclerotiorum.
Who “Who” is, and Other Local Poetics of National Policy: Yunnan Minzu Shibie and Hui in the Process

Starting with the observation that the 1954 minzu shibie Ethnic Categorization Project was part of a continuing process, this article addresses the suspicious finality implied in most narratives of...
Vector analyzing power in elastic electron-proton scattering

We compute the vector analyzing power (VAP) for the elastic scattering of transversely polarized electrons from protons at low energies using an effective theory of electrons, protons, and photons. We study all contributions through second order in E/M, where E and M are the electron energy and nucleon mass, respectively. The leading-order VAP arises from the imaginary part of the interference of one- and two-photon exchange amplitudes. Subleading contributions are generated by the nucleon magnetic moment and charge radius as well as recoil corrections to the leading-order amplitude. Working to O(E/M)the 2nd , we obtain a prediction for An that is free of unknown parameters and that agrees with the recent measurement of the VAP in backward angle ep scattering.
CD43 polarization in unprimed T cells can be dissociated from raft coalescence by inhibition of HMG CoA reductase.

Movement of T-lymphocyte cell surface CD43 is associated with both antigen activation of T-cell clones and chemokine induction of T-lymphocyte motility. Here, we demonstrate that CD43 movement away from the site of T-cell receptor ligation occurs in unprimed CD4+ T cells as well as T-cell clones. The T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent movement of CD43 in unprimed T cells is associated with a polarized morphology and CD43 accumulation at the uropods of the cells, unlike that reported for primed T cells. The polarization of CD43 has a requirement for Src kinases and occurs in conjunction with lipid raft coalescence. Thymocytes and T-cell hybridomas, cells that have altered responses to TCR activation and lack lipid raft coalescence, do not polarize CD43 as readily as unprimed T cells. The movement of CD43 depends on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. Blockade of this enzyme can specifically prevent CD43 redistribution without affecting cell shape polarization. The likely mechanism of this alteration in CD43 redistribution is through decreased protein prenylation because the cholesterol-dependent lipid rafts still coalesce on activation. These findings suggest that the polarization of cell shape, lipid raft coalescence, and CD43 redistribution on T-cell activation have signaling pathway distinctions. Dissecting out the relationships between various stages of molecular redistribution and lymphocyte activation may facilitate fine-tuning of immunologic responses.
Kinetics of curing and physicomechanical behavior of silicone membrane

Abstract The curing kinetics and cure dependence of properties of a silicone membrane were evaluated. The curing process has been shown to be quite temperature sensitive, suggesting that a longer processing time is required to cure the device at a more moderate temperature. However, curing temperature results at room in a substantially looser polymer network in the membrane. In order to investigate the cure dependence of membrane properties, stable partially cured membranes were prepared. The elasticity of partially cured membranes was observed to drop dramatically. However, the membrane permeability to testosterone for even the most poorly cured membranes was noted to be within the normal variation in permeability of fully cured membranes.
Crystal structure of the HNF4α ligand binding domain in complex with endogenous fatty acid ligand

HNF4α is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor family with prominent functions in liver, gut, kidney and pancreatic β cells. We have solved the x-ray crystal structure of the HNF4α ligand binding domain, which adopts a canonical fold. Two conformational states are present within each homodimer: an open form with α helix 12 (α12) extended and collinear with α10 and a closed form with α12 folded against the body of the domain. Although the protein was crystallized without added ligands, the ligand binding pockets of both closed and open forms contain fatty acids. The carboxylic acid headgroup of the fatty acid ion pairs with the guanidinium group of Arg226 at one end of the ligand binding pocket, while the aliphatic chain fills a long, narrow channel that is lined with hydrophobic residues. These findings suggest that fatty acids are endogenous ligands for HNF4α and establish a framework for understanding how HNF4α activity is enhanced by ligand binding and diminished by MODY1 mutations.
Transmembrane Domain Membrane Proximal External Region but Not Surface Unit–Directed Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies Can Restrict Dendritic Cell–Mediated HIV-1 Trans-infection

Background. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been shown to block a diverse array of cell-free human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infections, it remains unclear whether these antibodies exhibit similar potency against mature dendritic cell (mDC)–mediated HIV-1 trans-infection. Methods. Sensitivity to bNAbs targeting HIV-1 envelope surface unit gp120 (VRCO1, PG16, b12, and 2G12) and transmembrane domain gp41 (4E10 and 2F5) was examined for both cell-free and mDC-mediated infections of TZM-bl and CD4 1 T cells. Results. Compared with cell-free infection, mDC-mediated infection was significantly less susceptible to gp120-directed bNAbs for the majority of virus isolates. A b12 antigen-binding fragment blocked both cell-free and mDC-mediated infection with equal efficiency. In contrast, cell-free and mDC-associated viruses were equally sensitive to gp41-directed bNAbs. Anti-gp41 bNAbs bound to the surface of mDCs and localized at the mDC–T cell synaptic junctions in the absence of virus. Conclusions. Anti-gp41 bNAbs have the potential to inhibit mDC-mediated HIV-1 infection because they bind plasma membranes prior to the formation of an infectious synapse, positioning them to neutralize subsequent virus transfer. As opposed to gp120-directed antibodies, anti-gp41 bNAbs might prevent HIV-1 infection if transmission or spread at the initial site of invasion occurs from a DC-associated source.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with challenging anatomy due to venous anomalies or adult congenital heart disease

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has proven salutary effects in patients with congestive heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and electromechanical dyssynchrony in the setting of ischemic, nonischemic, and congenital cardiomyopathy. While CRT device implants have become routine in the adult ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy populations, patients with congenital heart disease offer special challenges due to unusual anatomic variations. Methods A comprehensive assessment of anatomic abnormalities is essential prior to implant. In addition, implant techniques and equipment must be tailored to the expected anatomy. A flexible approach is necessary—implant may require equipment and techniques adapted from vascular intervention. Conclusion This article describes our approach to CRT implant in patients with congenital heart disease, and is illustrated by reports of several cases.
Spontaneous private speech and performance on a delayed match-to-sample task

Abstract Spontaneous private speech samples were obtained from 65 kindergarten children (mean age 70.3 months) from one suburban ( n = 36) and one city ( n = 29) school as they worked alone on a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task with three levels of difficulty (2, 10, and 30 sec delays). As expected increases in DMS delay intervals produced decreased performance and increases in private speech. The expected increased positive relationship between task relevant private speech and performance for longer delays was found in city children but not suburban children. Since mean IQ scores were significantly different for the two groups this variable was further examined in post hoc analyses and discussed along with socio-economic status as possible explanations for the observed school-sample differences. A within-subject comparison for all children showed the percentage of speaking trials correct at 30-sec delay to be significantly greater than the percentage of nonspeaking trials correct. The effect of one experimenter modeled trial on a subsequent 10 trials at 30-sec delay was to increase speech and performance and to show a stronger relationship between speech and performance than for premodeling trials. These exploratory findings with a relatively simple two color matching task suggest further explorations of spontaneous private speech as a way of studying internalization of self regulatory cognitive strategies.
Estimating hydrologic alteration from basin characteristics in Massachusetts

Summary It is clear that humans are impacting the water cycle. There is interest in both determining where and how aquatic systems are most impacted by human development, and in determining the types and locations of basin modifications that are having the most impact. Instead of complex physical models of individual basins, we propose the use of a statistical approach to look at the relationship between human basin modifications and the resulting impacts on streamflow. We develop a set of multiple linear regression models, using principal component analysis to guide independent variable selection, to estimate current, altered streamflow from a full range of both natural and anthropogenic basin characteristics. Natural streamflow is then estimated by simulating basins with no alterations, and the difference between the natural and altered streamflow are summarized by use of the ecochange percent metric. The model suggests that dam storage, water withdrawals and discharges, and land use all impact stream flow and non-point source land use modifications such as impervious cover are potentially increasing low flows. The approach provides an opportunity to increase our understanding of the relation between human basin modifications and changes in streamflow. The model developed could potentially be used to estimate streamflow alteration at ungaged sites.
Haptic exploration of spheres: Techniques and initial experiments

Haptic perception of properties of objects in the hand is not fully understood. One aspect is the precision with which subjects can detect geometrical features. In this experiment, subjects discriminated between pairs of steel spheres in which one was a precisely manufactured ball bearing and the other was distorted by various degrees. Precise distortions of spheres provide a very sensitive but practical way to create controlled experiments. In one experiment, we reduced the diameter along a single axis and smoothed and polished the resulting shape. In another, the reduced diameter was held constant, and local curvature was varied. Using these spheres, subjects were able to detect subtle changes in sphere diameter along one axis, but were not as sensitive to changes in local curvature. For diameter, a just-noticable-difference (JND) between 2% and 5% was measured.
Investigation of an emergent, tetracycline-resistant, abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni clone in a pregnant guinea pig model

Objective—To compare pathogenicity of an emergent abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni (IA3902) with reference strains after oral inoculation in pregnant guinea pigs. Animals—58 pregnant guinea pigs. Procedures—Twelve animals were challenged IP with Campylobacter jejuni IA3902 along with 5 sham-inoculated controls to confirm abortifacient potential. Once pathogenicity was confirmed, challenge via oral inoculation was performed whereby 12
Optimal design of sustainable cellulosic biofuel supply chains: Multiobjective optimization coupled with life cycle assessment and input–output analysis

This article addresses the optimal design and planning of cellulosic ethanol supply chains under economic, environmental, and social objectives. The economic objective is measured by the total annualized cost, the environmental objective is measured by the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, and the social objective is measured by the number of accrued local jobs. A multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming (mo-MILP) model is developed that accounts for major characteristics of cellulosic ethanol supply chains, including supply seasonality and geographical diversity, biomass degradation, feedstock density, diverse conversion pathways and byproducts, infrastructure compatibility, demand distribution, regional economy, and government incentives. Aspen Plus models for biorefineries with different feedstocks and conversion pathways are built to provide detailed techno-economic and emission analysis results for the mo-MILP model, which simultaneously predicts the optimal network design, facility location, technology selection, capital investment, production planning, inventory control, and logistics management decisions. The mo-MILP problem is solved with an e-constraint method; and the resulting Pareto-optimal curves reveal the tradeoff between the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of the sustainable biofuel supply chains. The proposed approach is illustrated through two case studies for the state of Illinois. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cancer and the partner relationship: What is its meaning?

When cancer occurs, it is an illness that has meaning for the lives of all members of the family. This article focuses on the meaning and significance of the illness for the partner relationship, both the individuals within the relationship and the dyad. Results of two studies are presented: one study is based on in-depth interviews with 50 individuals who were newly diagnosed with cancer and their partners, and the other study used questionnaires from 412 patients and 175 partners to obtain statistical data. Findings pointed to the importance of meaning in the adjustment of individuals, as well as the dyad. Interview data indicated that patients and their partners searched for meaning in the illness that would decrease its threat, and statistical analyses showed the significance of meaning as it applies to specific aspects of adjustment. The importance of considering meaning in care that is directed toward the prevention of problems within the dyad, which can occur as a result of coping with the stress of cancer are emphasized, and some specific recommendations are made.
Arabidopsis NHO1 Is Required for General Resistance against Pseudomonas Bacteria

Nonhost interactions are prevalent between plants and specialized phytopathogens. Although it has great potential for providing crop plants with durable resistance, nonhost resistance is poorly understood. Here, we show that nonhost resistance is controlled, at least in part, by general resistance. Arabidopsis plants are resistant to the nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola NPS3121 and completely arrest bacterial multiplication in the plant. Ten Arabidopsis mutants were isolated that were compromised in nonhost ( nho ) resistance to P. s. phaseolicola . Among these, nho1 is caused by a single recessive mutation that defines a novel gene. nho1 is defective in nonspecific resistance to Pseudomonas bacteria, because it also supported the growth of P. s. tabaci and P. fluorescens bacteria, both of which are nonpathogenic on Arabidopsis. In addition, the nho1 mutation also compromised resistance mediated by RPS2 , RPS4 , RPS5 , and RPM1 . Interestingly, the nho1 mutation had no effect on the growth of the virulent bacteria P. s. maculicola ES4326 and P. s. tomato DC3000, but it partially restored the in planta growth of the DC3000 hrpS – mutant bacteria. Thus, the virulent bacteria appear to evade or suppress NHO1 -mediated resistance by means of an Hrp-dependent virulence mechanism.
SAT-based equivalence checking of threshold logic designs for nanotechnologies

Novel nano-scale devices have shown promising potential to overcome physical barriers faced by complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in future circuit design. However, many nanotechnologies are intrinsically suitable for implementing threshold logic rather than Boolean logic which has dominated CMOS technology in the past. To fully take advantage of such emerging nanotechnologies, efficient design automation tools for threshold logic therefore become essential. In this work, we propose novel techniques of formulating a given threshold logic in conjunctive normal form (CNF) that facilitates efficient SAT-based equivalence checking. Three different strategies of CNF generation from threshold logic representations are implemented. Experimental results based on MCNC benchmarks are presented as a complete comparison. Our hybrid algorithm, which takes into account input symmetry as well as input weight order of threshold gates, can efficiently generate CNF formulas in terms of both SAT solving time and CNF generating time.
Life without Fe–S clusters

Fe-S clusters are critically important cofactors implicated in numerous cellular processes, including respiration, amino acid biosynthesis, cofactor biosynthesis, tRNA modification, DNA repair and regulation of gene expression. In the accompanying manuscript, Tanaka et al. show that reengineering of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in E. coli (to bypass the usage of essential Fe-S cluster proteins by inserting the mevalonate pathway) can offset the indispensability of the Fe-S cluster biosynthetic systems. They show that the resulting Δisc Δsuf double mutants supplemented with mevalonate can grow slowly without detectable Fe-S cluster proteins. This result is astounding and raises interesting questions about what is essential and what is dispensable in the compendium of Fe-S cluster protein functions in this cell.
Blood Pressure Reduction: An Added Benefit of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a newly approved class of glucose-lowering medications with a novel mechanism of action. These agents increase glycosuria, which leads to improved glucose control. They also produce an osmotic diuresis that, in part, contributes to blood pressure reduction and calorie loss secondary to glycosuria leading to weight loss (1,2). A recent review of SGLT2 inhibitors focuses on the blood pressure–lowering effects of the two approved glucose-lowering agents, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin (3). While not approved as antihypertensive agents, they may potentially aid in lowering blood pressure in patients with diabetes. A review of studies in both hypertensive and normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrates a 4–10 mmHg reduction of systolic blood pressure (3). In this issue of Diabetes Care , Tikkanen et al. (4) investigate the effectiveness and safety of the newest agent in this class, empagliflozin, on blood pressure using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. This study randomized over 800 subjects with type 2 diabetes, mean age of 60 years, and good kidney function (i.e., a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of 84 mL/min/1.73 m2). These subjects either were normotensive (<140/90 mmHg) or had stage 1 hypertension (≥140/90 < 160/99 mmHg). They were randomized to either empagliflozin 10 mg daily, empagliflozin 25 mg …
Effect of betaine supplementation on cycling sprint performance

Purpose: To examine the effect of betaine supplementation on cycling sprint performance. Methods: Sixteen recreationally active subjects (7 females and 9 males) completed three sprint tests, each consisting of four 12 sec efforts against a resistance equal to 5.5% of body weight; efforts were separated by 2.5 min of cycling at zero resistance. Test one established baseline; test two and three were preceded by seven days of daily consumption of 591 ml of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage as a placebo or a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage containing 0.42% betaine (approximately 2.5 grams of betaine a day); half the beverage was consumed in the morning and the other half in the afternoon. We used a double blind random order cross-over design; there was a 3 wk washout between trials two and three. Average and maximum peak and mean power were analyzed with one-way repeated measures ANOVA and, where indicated, a Student Newman-Keuls. Results: Compared to baseline, betaine ingestion increased average peak power (6.4%; p < 0.001), maximum peak power (5.7%; p < 0.001), average mean power (5.4%; p = 0.004), and maximum mean power (4.4%; p = 0.004) for all subjects combined. Compared to placebo, betaine ingestion significantly increased average peak power (3.4%; p = 0.026), maximum peak power max (3.8%; p = 0.007), average mean power (3.3%; p = 0.034), and maximum mean power (3.5%; p = 0.011) for all subjects combined. There were no differences between the placebo and baseline trials. Conclusions: One week of betaine ingestion improved cycling sprint power in recreationally active males and females.
The delicacy of preoccupation 1

Examination of the details of social interaction addresses whether and how poetics emerge in everyday talk. In this study, language users' preoccupations are shown to be tailored to the circumstances they are caught up in and thus occupied with. Analysis reveals how a variety of unwitting usages are delicately connected to situated interactional environments. As descriptive resources, preoccupations arise from and are embedded within momentary and contingent types of actions. In everyday conversation preoccupations may be intentionally constructed and/or immediately recognized, while a host of usages remain unwitting and unnoticed. In one such occasion, involving reported troubles with planning a wedding, a speaker's preoccupations are co‐implicated within the language employed to describe a related yet different set of troubles. Understanding the practical performance of language preoccupations yields an appreciation for how conversational descriptions are poetically organized.
Flux noise resulting from vortex avalanches using a simple kinetic model

We have carried out a model calculation of the flux noise produced by vortex avalanches in a type-II superconductor, using a simple kinetic model proposed by Bassler and Paczuski. Over a broad range of frequencies, we find that the flux noise ${S}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ has a power-law dependence on frequency, ${S}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}s},$ with $s\ensuremath{\sim}1.4$ in reasonable agreement with experiment. In addition, for small lattices, the calculated ${S}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ has a high-frequency knee, which is seen in some experiments, and which is due to the finite lattice size. Deviations between calculation and experiment are attributed mostly to uncertainties in the measured critical current densities and pinning strengths of the experimental samples.
Steady-State VEP and Attentional Visual Processing

Publisher Summary Majority of studies that investigated attentional modulation of the visual evoked potential (VEP) have been confined to the transient responses evoked by isolated stimuli. The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) offers certain advantages. Its signal is easily recorded and quantified and can be rapidly extracted from background noise. Its amplitude to a continuous irrelevant background flicker is attenuated over prefrontal, central, and right parietotemporal regions in the interval following a cue to change the card-sort criterion. Paying attention to a specific region of the visual field is associated with increased amplitudes to stimuli flashed at the attended location. Spatial attention strongly increases the amplitude of the steady-state visual evoked potential. Its phase depends on the transmission time between the stimulus and the evoked brain activity but does not give a direct measure of this transmission time. The pathway originates predominately in the foveal region of the retina from ganglion. This chapter concludes that the SSVEP provides a sensitive measure of spatial attention processes and offers certain advantages over the transient VEP.
Looking inside a fiber: Measuring mode content & properties

We describe classification schemes for distinguishing eigenmodes in fibers, and highlight their similarities and differences. We then describe characterization schemes useful for elucidating their properties, such as field and polarization distributions, dispersion, and nonlinear impairments - characteristics of interest for fibers being developed for MDM.
Associations between Thematic Content and Memory Detail in Trauma Narratives

This study examined whether thematic content (e.g., fear, anger, alienation, self-blame, and spirituality) in trauma narratives predicted memory detail. Trauma-specific memory models suggest that trauma narrative themes are associated with much sensory detail; general autobiographical memory models suggest that themes are associated with little context detail. Seventy-one narratives from a diverse community sample exposed to a variety of traumatic events (e.g., sexual assault, natural disasters) were coded for themes and detail. Analyses controlled for narrative length, childhood or adulthood occurrence, self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and dissociation symptoms. Fear themes were associated with greater sensory detail; anger and spirituality themes were associated with less context detail. Findings support a link between thematic content and detail, and may partially explain why details in memory for traumatic events sometimes appear better and other times worse than memory for other events. Memory models may benefit from specification based on themes in trauma narratives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Confidence Bands for Linear Regression with Restricted Predictor Variables

Abstract The classic procedure for constructing a confidence band around a regression function is that of Scheffe (1959), which provides a band of infinite length. This band can be unnecessarily wide if the region of interest to the experimenter is finite. A class of sets is defined that restricts the range of the predictor variables. Confidence bands for a regression function over are constructed, which, for fixed α, are narrower than the Scheffe bands. Also, a procedure is illustrated by which sets that are not in the class can be embedded in Tables are provided to facilitate the use of the procedure.
Commentary: The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Already Overcome Many of the Perceived Weaknesses That Silvia et al.'s (2008) Methods Are Intended to Correct

Silvia et al.’s (2008) primary motivations for exploring and proposing their subjective scoring method are their perceived deficiencies of current divergent thinking tests. First, scores on divergent thinking tests frequently correlate highly with general intelligence. Second, the scoring of divergent thinking tests has changed little since the 1960s. Third, the necessity of instructing people to be creative prior to taking divergent thinking tests is integral to obtaining useful responses and needs to be reaffirmed. Fourth, and finally, the problems posed by uniqueness scoring— confounding with fluency, ambiguity of rarity, and the seeming “penalty” imposed on large samples—that need to be addressed. First, Kim’s (2005) meta-analysis indicated that the relationship between divergent thinking test scores and IQ (r .17) is negligible, which supports the underlying belief that creativity and intelligence are separate constructs. According to Kim’s (in press) meta-analysis, divergent thinking test scores predict creative achievement (r .22) better than IQ (r .17). Further, 51.8% of the 274 correlation coefficients incorporated in the study used the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1996), and the TTCT predicted (r .33, p .0001) creative achievement better than other measures of creative potential (e.g., Wallach & Kogan Divergent Thinking Tasks [Wallach & Kogan, 1965], Guilford Divergent Thinking Tasks [Guilford, 1967], Sounds and Images [Torrance, Khatena, & Cunnington, 1973], Word Association Tests [Gough, 1976], etc.). In this meta-analysis, art, music, writing, science (including mathematics, medicine, and engineering), leadership, and social skills were used to measure creative achievement. Among these different types of creative achievement, musical achievement was predicted better by IQ than by measures of creative potential, whereas art, science, writing, and social skills were predicted by measures of creative potential better than by IQ. This finding suggests that creativity test scores account for more
Using Oracle Extensibility Framework for Supporting Temporal and Spatio-Temporal Applications

Databases such as Oracle, IBM, SQLServer are increasing their support for temporal and spatio- temporal data with every release. In this paper, we describe how Oracle users can extend the existing functionality in Oracle and ground their research by using Oracle's extensibility. To illustrate its applicability to temporal data, we present how a Map21 (M.A. Nascimento and M.H. Dunham, 1999) based index can be implemented using this framework.. Oracle uses the same extensibility framework to implement R-trees and rules manager. We describe enhancements to Oracle' R-trees for spatio-temporal data, and real-time event processing using Oracle's rules manager.
Anatomic segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer: can we believe the hype?

Since first being intentionally used for treatment of small peripheral lung cancers by Jensik et al. , anatomic segmentectomy has garnered much attention when being considered as treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). Lobectomy has long been considered the standard of care. Support for this notion can be traced back to the findings of the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) published in 1995 which revealed a 3-fold increase in local recurrence rates and decreased survival in patients who had undergone sublobar resection rather than lobectomy (2). However, controversy over these conclusions stemmed from the study’s incorporation of wedge resections in the sublobar group leading many to question whether the same results would hold true when comparing lobectomy to true anatomic segmentectomy. The LCSG study results were further supported by analysis done with the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database [1998-2007] by our group which showed statistically significant better survival outcomes in patients undergoing lobectomy compared to segmentectomy (3). Nonetheless, anatomic segmentectomy still has gained enthusiasm by many surgical groups. Many investigators have reported equivalent outcomes for anatomic segmentectomy and lobectomy with stage I NSCLC. It is clear that additional studies are needed to define the merits of anatomic segmentectomy for early stage NSCLC. Definitive answers in this area can’t come fast enough when one considers the recent recommendations of CT screening from the National Lung Screening Trial where detection of more early stage peripheral tumors are on the horizon (4).
Domain mapping of tube, a protein essential for dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo.

Abstract The tube protein plays an essential role in the signal transduction pathway that establishes dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Characterization of each of four tube mutants revealed a substitution or insertion in the amino-terminal half of the protein. This portion of the tube protein is also evolutionarily conserved, as demonstrated by isolation and sequencing of the Drosophila virilis tube gene. Moreover, RNA microinjection assays and germline transformation experiments demonstrated that the amino-terminal domain alone provides substantial levels of gene function: constructs encoding only the amino-terminal domain restore dorsoventral polarity to embryos lacking any maternal tube function. In the carboxyterminal domain, sequence conservation is concentrated in the five octapeptide repeats. Although the repeat-containing domain by itself provides no rescue of the tube maternal effect phenotype, it is necessary for wild-type levels of tube activity. This domain is thus likely to play an ancillary role in axis formation.
Reducing Citation Anxiety

For many students and attorneys, figuring out proper citation format can cause great anxiety. This essay, by the author of the ALWD Citation Manual, provides ten tips for preparing citations that should help ease frustration and stress.
Detection and Distribution of Formosan Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Southeastern Florida

The Formosan termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was discovered in Hallandale, Fla., in 1981. In a 1982 survey undertaken to determine the distribution of this termite, a combination of tack traps, two types of light traps, and pool surveillance was used. Pool surveillance and hanging light traps proved impractical. The city area encompassed by tack traps that captured Formosan termites was approximately 97 km2 in a mostly northwestern direction from the first reported infestation. Trap data suggest that Formosan termite colonies have multiple flights during a season.
Fluorescent labeling of human platelets

Noncovalently bound fluorescent probes have been used to study changes in the platelet which may occur during platelet aggregation. Platelets were exposed to either N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN) or 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). Both dyes were bound by the platelet, and platelet aggregation by collagen or thrombin was unaffected by the presence of the label. No change in fluorescence intensity or wavelength of maximum intensity was observed during platelet aggregation.
Instructional design, facilitation, and perceived learning outcomes: an exploratory case study of a human trafficking MOOC for attitudinal change

This exploratory case study describes the design and facilitation of a massive open online course (MOOC) for attitudinal change regarding human trafficking. It examines the course from the learners’, instructor’s, and instructional designer’s perspectives. Two interviews with the instructor and instructional designer were conducted, and data from a sample of learners via an end-of-course survey (n = 54) and follow-up questionnaire (n = 319) were gathered. Learners’ discussion posts and sample assignments were also reviewed. Findings show that the instructor and instructional designer perceived the design and facilitation of the MOOC as highly complex and challenging. Learner feedback was contradictory, possibly due to different expectations and needs within the MOOC. Six instructional design considerations for MOOCs in general and for attitudinal change are discussed, including: (a) MOOCs as a unique platform for attitudinal change, (b) the support needed from platform providers and universities, (c) personal and flexible learning paths, (d) instructional activities for attitudinal dissonance, (e) creating a collaborative community, and (f) MOOC instructor preparation.
Acute aerobic exercise increases implicit approach motivation for dessert images

We examined the effect of acute exercise compared to a cognitive task on implicit approach/avoidance motivation to dessert food images using the Dessert-Approach-Avoidance Task. Participants randomized to exercise had a greater increase in approach motivation to dessert images compared to those completing cognitive tasks ( p=0.046), adjusting for disordered eating, task difficulty, and changes in negative affect. This study provides the first evidence for the use of the Dessert-Approach-Avoidance Task to evaluate the effects of acute exercise on implicit motivations for dessert images. Future studies should examine implicit response to food images using the Dessert-Approach-Avoidance Task in response to chronic exercise.
Conclusion: Innocence and Experience

In January of 1842, Emerson, already battered by tragedy with the losses of Ellen, Edward, Charles, lost his first and dearest child Waldo to scarlet fever. He found this death devastating, writing a day after that ‘Sorrow makes us all children again… The wisest knows nothing’ (JMN 8: 165). Emerson tried to grieve the demise of his beloved boy, attempted to philosophize this crushing blow, in what many consider to be his most profound essay, the ‘Experience’ of 1844. He found, however, that thought is impotent, that the tragic vision is hollow. Wisdom is not bred of suffering; countering Aeschylus, Emerson sadly claims that we suffer and we do not learn: In the death of my son, now more than two years ago, I seem to have lost a beautiful estate, — no more. I cannot get it nearer to me…. So it is with this calamity; it does not touch me;… I grieve that grief can teach me nothing, nor carry me one step into real nature. (CW 3: 29).
Synthesis of high surface area CaxLa(1−x)Al(1−x)MnxO(3−δ) perovskite oxides for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis in alkaline media

A series of perovskite oxide type catalysts with composition CaxLa1−xAl1−xMnxO1−δ were synthesized using solid state reaction, hybrid sol–gel, and aerogel synthesis techniques. The prepared catalyst materials were characterized with a suite of characterization techniques to determine morphology and composition. Electrochemical measurements for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline solution were performed using rotating disk electrode (RDE). ORR mass activity increased with increasing Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, following the trend of solid state reaction < hybrid sol–gel < aerogel, when maintaining equal calcination time and temperature among all samples. Results also indicate a strong correlation between ORR specific activity and compositional homogeneity observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, lower surface area materials produced by solid state reaction showed the highest compositional homogeneity and demonstrated highest specific activity. Performance tradeoffs are discussed relating surface area, compositional homogeneity at the oxide surface, and ORR activity.
Guest Hydrogen Bond Dynamics and Interactions in the Metal–Organic Framework MIL-53(Al) Measured with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy

MIL-53(Al) is among the most “flexible” metal–organic frameworks and significantly changes its structure when guest molecules are introduced into the framework’s pores. The guest molecules interact with μ2-OH, which is a hydroxyl group bridging two aluminums. This interaction is thought to play an important role in the adsorption of molecules into the pores. Here, we report infrared absorption, infrared pump–probe, and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy on a deuterated bridging hydroxyl, μ2-OD, in MIL-53(Al) loaded with various guest molecules. Depending on guest, large vibrational frequency shifts, broadening of absorption band, enhancement of absorption coefficient, and acceleration of vibrational relaxation were observed, which are all signatures of hydrogen bonding interactions between the bridging hydroxyls and the guest. 2D IR spectroscopy reveals that the time evolution of the vibrational frequency occurs on multiple time scales: subpicosecond dynamics caused by localized hydrogen bond fluctuati...
COMBINED FEMTOSECOND LASER ASSISTED CATARACT SURGERY AND PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY

Purpose: Determine the benefits and challenges of combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with the Catalys® system (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) and vitrectomy. Design: Retrospective study Methods: We retrospectively reviewed eight consecutive cases of combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with the Catalys® system and vitrectomy by a single surgeon. The University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board provided Expedited Review Approval for this project. Results: The study population was 25% male with mean age of 69.1 years, mean pre-operative intraocular pressure of 14.9 mmHg, and mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.44. All patients completed both portions of the combined procedure. There were no complications from the femtosecond laser portion with the mean vacuum time 163s (range 125-320s). Post-operative findings included intraocular pressure rise (25%), and persistent macular edema (38%). The mean intraocular pressure at month one was 16 mmHg with an improvement in mean best-corrected visual acuity to 0.27 (range 0-0.52, p<0.05). Intraocular lens was centered in all cases, and mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent was -0.77 (range -2.75-0), which was not statistically significantly different than the target spherical equivalent of -0.59 (p=0.24). Conclusions: Combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with the Catalys® system and vitrectomy was not associated with significant complications, with an overall improvement in visual acuity.
A Model of Venture Creation in New Industries

The peculiarities of new industries make them particularly favorable to the creation of new ventures. The ventures arise from among those parties that have access to Information about the new produ...
In Broad Daylight: The Secret Procedures behind the Holocaust by Bullets. By Father Patrick Desbois

Few historical events have been so well documented as Nazi Germany’s attempt to annihilate the Jews. In recent years, however, French priest and researcher Father Patrick Desbois has shed light on ...
The Relationship of the Renal Medulla to the Hypertensive State

The kidney appears to relate to the hypertensive state via two opposing actions, what Braun-Menendez termed the prohypertensive and antihypertensive renal actions.1 According to current views, the prohypertensive renal action results primarily from (1) activation of the renal pressor system(s) (mainly the renin-angiotensin system), and (2) failure of the kidney to prevent Na-volume loads (because of disease or absence or the excessive action of mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone). It is our view that the antihypertensive renal action also results from a dual renal effect, namely (1) the relief of Na-volume loads by the excretory process and (2) activation of a renal antipressor system existing primarily in the renal medulla. Moreover, it is proposed that this antipressor system resides, to a great extent, in the renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC).
Neurobiology of fear responses: The role of the amygdala.

Evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques and animal species indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear and anxiety, as well as attention. Many amygdaloid projection areas are critically involved in specific signs used to measure fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviors that mimic natural or conditioned fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear, as well as various measures of attention, and local infusions of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic effects in several behavioral tests. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala may be important in the acquisition of conditioned fear, whereas non-NMDA receptors are important for the expression of conditioned fear. The peptide corticotropin-releasing hormone appears to be especially important in fear or anxiety and may act within the amygdala to orchestrate parts of the fear reaction.
OP096: Head and neck cancer surgery in an elderly patient population

Purpose Should advanced age be a contra-indication to the surgical management of head and neck cancer patients? Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients, age eighty years and above, previously surgically treated for head and neck malignancy from 1996 to 2011 within a surgical department within a tertiary care cancer center. Patient demographics included: age, sex, race, pathology, surgical procedure, medical co-morbidities, peri-operative and post-operative course, and outpatient follow-up (average 32 months, range 1–120 months). Results Fifty three patients identified, with a mean age of 85 years (range 80–93). Cardiovascular disease was the most prevalent co-morbidity (43%). 26 patients were pre-operatively on anticoagulation. 45 patients (85%) were identified with oral cavity/oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Surgeries performed included 40 neck dissections, 12 microvascular free flaps, and 4 pectoralis rotational flaps. Average operating room time was 6 h, with an average operative blood loss of 322 ml (range p n = 8), infection ( n = 11) and confusion ( n = 6). 34 patients were discharged directly to home and 14 patients required inpatient rehabilitation (five patients with unknown disposition). Free flap reconstruction did not adversely affect discharge disposition ( p Conclusions Major head and neck surgical procedures can be tolerated by patients of advanced age using careful patient selection. Age alone should not be a primary factor in the management of head and neck cancer patients.
Global environmental governance should be participatory: Five problems of scale:

The goals of this project are twofold: (1) to show how research on, and normative-theoretical justifications for, public participation in environmental decision-making can inform discussions about ...