cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micronutrient tolerance and accumulation in the duckweed, Lemna.

Abstract Vegetative growth of the aquatic monocotyledon Lemna minor L. (duckweed) under continuous irradiation in photoheterotrophic medium is log‐linear with a frond doubling‐time of about 1.4 d. This steady‐state frond multiplication rate was not altered (through six days) by concentrations of micronutrients (Fe,Mn,B,Cu, Zn,Mo) between 28 and 1000 times that contained in the routine growth medium. Using high but not inhibitory concentrations, the effect on steady‐state growth of all possible 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐way combinations has been studied. Lerma growing in the presence of high concentrations of any other micronutrient is least tolerant to the addition of Mo. Growth inhibition due to 2‐way combinations of certain elements (eg. MnMo) was prevented by the presence of a third (eg. MnMoZn) in patterns suggesting selective interaction between the elements. Moreover, in the absence of Mo in high concentration the combination of the other 5 micronutrients was not inhibitory even though separate 2‐, 3‐, ...
Influence of the North Atlantic SST tripole on northwest African rainfall

[1] The sea-surface temperature (SST) tripole, with warm anomalies off the east coast of the United States and cold anomalies north of 40°N and south of 25°N, is the leading mode of interannual variability in wintertime North Atlantic SST. Its influence on northwest African rainfall is investigated by using a large-ensemble of GCM simulations. Firstly the modeled basin-scale rainfall impact is displayed, and the results suggest: in early-mid winter (November–January), a positive SST tripole causes a reduced rainfall extending from the tropical North Atlantic northeastward to Mediterranean while a negative SST causes a south-north increased rainfall across the central Atlantic from the subtropics to the midlatitude. In late winter (February–April) a positive SST tripole causes a reduced rainfall in the central Atlantic from the subtropics to the midlatitude while a negative SST tripole induces a zonal increased rainfall from the subtropics to Mediterranean. The asymmetry and seasonal dependence of the SST influence on the basin-scale rainfall is consistent with the nonlinear response of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Under the large-scale impact background, northwest Africa regional rainfall response is also nonlinear and seasonally dependent. In early-mid winter a positive SST tripole causes reduced rainfall, while a negative SST has little effect. In late winter a negative SST tripole induces increased rainfall, while a positive tripole has little effect. A similarly large-scale asymmetric association between SST and rainfall-circulation exists in observations in late winter, while the observed seasonal dependence of this association is relatively weak. Also, a similar SST tripole association with the regional rainfall over the northwest coast of Africa exists in observations.
Comparative criminal justice—search and seizure, interrogation, and identification of suspects in India: A research note

Abstract India's legal system derives, as does the American system, from British common law. Some of the familiar principles and procedures have been modified to reflect Indian cultural, economic, and demographic realities. This note explores the similarities and contrasts in the methodology of the police in India and the United States during three key stages of the investigative process.
Center notched metal matrix composites with interphase

Abstract A method is proposed for the analysis of deformation and stress characteristics of notched metal matrix composite materials with an interphase. The interphase is considered to have a finite thickness and distinct mechanical properties resulting from the fiber surface coatings or the changes in the microstructure of the matrix near the fiber surface. The composite is divided into three separate regions: a broken core, the first intact fiber at the notch-tip, and the remaining average composite with a uniform stress field. The model incorporates the shear stress-strain behavior of matrix and interphase which are capable of deforming plastically with linear strain hardening. The influence of the interphase on the stress concentration, crack opening displacement, matrix and interphase yielding and damage characteristics during the fracture process is studied. Notch sensitivity predictions are compared with experimental data. A good agreement with experimental data is achieved by including a distinct interphase with proper properties. The model of the interphase in this paper provides a guidance to study the effects of fiber surface coatings or fiber matrix chemical interactions, and to control the failure in notched metal matrix composites.
Origin and Evolution of the Great Lakes

Abstract This paper presents a synthesis of traditional and recently published work regarding the origin and evolution of the Great Lakes. It differs from previously published reviews by focusing on three topics critical to the development of the Great Lakes: the glaciation of the Great Lakes watershed during the late Cenozoic, the evolution of the Great Lakes since the last glacial maximum, and the record of lake levels and coastal erosion in modern times. The Great Lakes are a product of glacial scour and were partially or totally covered by glacier ice at least six times since 0.78 Ma. During retreat of the last ice sheet large proglacial lakes developed in the Great Lakes watershed. Their levels and areas varied considerably as the oscillating ice margin opened and closed outlets at differing elevations and locations; they were also significantly affected by channel downcutting, crustal rebound, and catastrophic inflows from other large glacial lakes. Today, lake level changes of about a 1/3 m annually, and up to 2 m over 10 to 20 year time periods, are mainly climatically-driven. Various engineering works provide small control on lake levels for some but not all the Great Lakes. Although not as pronounced as former changes, these subtle variations in lake level have had a significant effect on shoreline erosion, which is often a major concern of coastal residents.
Slow Lamb Wave Generation and Reception With a Gold-on-PVDF Interdigitated PVDF Transducer

Interdigitated surface and guided-wave transducers have only recently received attention as possible tools for non-destructive testing. This may be due in part to the increasing attention being paid to piezoelectric polymers as practical transduction materials for structural sensing and actuation. However, much remains to be done to produce a rugged, monolithic device oriented toward these sorts of applications, to characterize and optimize its passive and active response, to develop excitation strategies and signal processing algorithms that in tandem can be employed for arrayed structure monitoring applications. In this paper we confine ourselves to the first two topics and report on the development and proof-of-principle testing of a monolithic interdigitated polyvinyldine fluoride (PVDF) transducer. Specifically, we report on the design and response of an interdigitated transducer with relatively large finger spacings. The finger spacing yield measureable responses in the asymptotically slow single-mode region of Lamb wave dispersion behavior for frequency-thickness products which may be useful for nondestructive testing of many mechanical and civil structural systems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in the CNS of latently infected mice

It has been amply documented that herpes simplex virus (HSV) persists in sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)1–5. In contrast, HSV latency in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been well characterized. Corneal inoculation of virus results in a productive viral infection in the CNS during the first week after inoculation6, Indicating that the virus can progress from the PNS to the CNS. During latency, HSV has been found by co-cultivation of CNS tissue in only a very small fraction of inoculated mice7,8. We have used here molecular hybridization techniques to analyse the fate of viruses that reach the CNS by anatomical pathways. We show that 6 days after corneal inoculation of HSV-1 a productive viral infection was present in brain tissue as well as in peripheral ganglia in at least 90% of the inoculated mice. The mortality during this acute phase was only 2%. In the survivors, latent HSV could be recovered by explantation from 95% of the trigeminal ganglia, but only 5% of the brain tissue expiants of the same mice yielded infectious virus. However, HSV DNA sequences were detected in the brains of 30% of mice which harboured latent HSV in their trigeminal ganglia. These results suggest that viruses that progress from the PNS into the CNS are not eliminated, but are capable of establishing a latent infection in the CNS that cannot be reactivated by explantation techniques.
Low-cost test technique using a new RF BIST circuit for 4.5–5.5 GHz low noise amplifiers

Abstract This paper presents a low-cost test technique using a new RF Built-In Self-Test (BIST) circuit for 4.5–5.5 GHz low noise amplifiers (LNAs). The test technique measures input impedance, voltage gain, noise figure, input return loss and output signal-to-noise ratio of the LNA. The BIST circuit is designed using 0.18 μm SiGe technology. The BIST circuit contains test amplifier and RF peak detectors. The complete measurement set-up contains LNA with BIST circuit, external RF source, RF relays, 50 Ω load impedance, and a DC voltmeter. The test technique utilizes output DC voltage measurements and these measured values are translated to the LNA specifications such as input impedance and gain through the developed equations. The technique is simple and inexpensive.
Mobile telephony in a connected life

Mobile phones help manage and grant instant access to users' dispersed social networks but risk violating the age-old social conventions of face-to-face relationships.
Optimization of Solid‐Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of the Headspace Volatile Compounds in Kimchi, a Traditional Korean I Fermented Vegetable Product

Optimum conditions for kimchi in air-tight, sealed 10-mL: bottles were determined. The coefficient of variation of SPME analysis for the headspace volatile compounds was 1.8%. The reproductibility of SPME was improved by a combination of 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane as a solid phase of SPME, 3 mL sample size in a 10-mL bottle, 40 °C of isolation temperature, and 30 min of isolation duration Magnetic stirring and sonication increased the sensitivity of SPME by 68 and 16%, respectively. Detection limit of SPME on dimethyl disulfide was 25 μg/L, which is sensitive enough to determine dimethyl disulfide in kimchi. SPME is a reproducible and sensitive method for kimchi volatiles.
Information Distortion and Voting Choices: The Origins and Effects of Factual Beliefs in Initiative Elections

To account for voter decision making in initiative elections, we integrate theory and research on public opinion, misinformation, and motivated reasoning. Heuristic and motivated reasoning literatures suggest that voters' preexisting values interact with political sophistication such that politically knowledgeable voters develop systematically distorted empirical beliefs relevant to the initiatives on their ballots. These beliefs, in turn, can predict voting preferences even after controlling for underlying values, regardless of one's political sophistication. These hypotheses were tested using a 2003 voter survey conducted prior to a statewide initiative election that repealed a workplace safety regulation. Results showed that only those voters knowledgeable of key endorsements had initiative-specific beliefs that lined up with their underlying antiregulation values. Also, voters' empirical beliefs had an effect on initiative support even after controlling for prior values, and political sophistication did not moderate this effect.
MRI: AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR DECREASING THE MORBIDITIES OF TREATING VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA WITH RADIOSURGERY

In the current issue, Flickinger et al. (1) retrospectively examines the efficacy of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison with computerized tomographic (CT) imaging in treatment planning for gamma knife radiosurgery of vestibular schwannoma. They treated 273 patients from 1987 to 1994. Among them, 118 had CT images used for diagnosis and treatment planning during the first 4 years (1987-1991). The remaining 155 had MRIs, instead of CT images, for diagnosis and treatment planning in the next 3 years (1991-1994). The authors reported that patients in the MRI group, on the average, had 23% smaller volume, 70% more isocenters, and 21% lesser marginal doses than those in the CT group. Patients planned with MRI scans had statistically significant less facial, trigeminal, and acoustic neuropathy and better hearing preservation than those patients planned with CT scans. Furthermore, the incidence of cranial neuropathy decreased significantly with lower doses. Let us review the causality of these three factors, that is, tumor size, the number of isocenters, and doses, carefully on the treatment complications as follows:
The Structure of Syntactic Typologies

This article illustrates how language variation and the limits of variation are given a shared and principled explanation in Optimality Theory. It shows that languages can be ‘uniform’, choosing the same grammatical structures in three different sentence types. They can also be ‘non-uniform’, but the combinations of grammatical structures that they can exhibit are extremely restricted. The theory characterizes possible and impossible grammatical systems without special stipulations or additional theoretical machinery.
Shrinkage estimation of high dimensional covariance matrices

We address covariance estimation under mean-squared loss in the Gaussian setting. Specifically, we consider shrinkage methods which are suitable for high dimensional problems with small number of samples (large p small n). First, we improve on the Ledoit-Wolf (LW) method by conditioning on a sufficient statistic via the Rao-Blackwell theorem, obtaining a new estimator RBLW whose mean-squared error dominates the LW under Gaussian model. Second, to further reduce the estimation error, we propose an iterative approach which approximates the clairvoyant shrinkage estimator. Convergence of this iterative method is proven and a closed form expression for the limit is determined, which is called the OAS estimator. Both of the proposed estimators have simple expressions and are easy to compute. Although the two methods are developed from different approaches, their structure is identical up to specific constants. The RBLW estimator provably dominates the LW method; and numerical simulations demonstrate that the OAS estimator performs even better, especially when n is much less than p.
Thermocline tracking based on peak-gradient detection by an autonomous underwater vehicle

Thermoclines play a key role in ocean circulation, marine ecology, and underwater acoustics. In oceanographic surveys, it is often desirable to detect the thermocline and track its spatio-temporal variation. Mobility of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) makes it an efficient platform for thermocline tracking. In this paper, we present a fully autonomous algorithm for detecting and tracking the thermocline by an AUV. The key is detection of the peak gradient of temperature. We have tested the algorithm by post-processing data from a previous Dorado AUV survey over the northern Monterey Bay shelf. We are in preparation for field tests of the algorithm on the newly developed long-range AUV Tethys.
Comments on "Robust jump linear quadratic control: A mode stabilizing solution"

In the above paper an optimal control problem with discounting was proposed to achieve closed-loop mode stabilization for linear systems with jump parameters. The paper used the unstated hypothesis that the diagonal entries of the generator of the jump process are equal. This correspondence discusses the situation in the general case.
Heterotrophic Archaea Contribute to Carbon Cycling in Low-pH, Suboxic Biofilm Communities

Archaea are widely distributed and yet are most often not the most abundant members of microbial communities. Here, we document a transition from Bacteria- to Archaea-dominated communities in microbial biofilms sampled from the Richmond Mine acid mine drainage (AMD) system (∼pH 1.0, ∼38°C) and in laboratory-cultivated biofilms. This transition occurs when chemoautotrophic microbial communities that develop at the air-solution interface sink to the sediment-solution interface and degrade under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. The archaea identified in these sunken biofilms are from the class Thermoplasmata, and in some cases, the highly divergent ARMAN nanoarchaeal lineage. In several of the sunken biofilms, nanoarchaea comprise 10 to 25% of the community, based on fluorescent in situ hybridization and metagenomic analyses. Comparative community proteomic analyses show a persistence of bacterial proteins in sunken biofilms, but there is clear evidence for amino acid modifications due to acid hydrolysis. Given the low representation of bacterial cells in sunken biofilms based on microscopy, we infer that hydrolysis reflects proteins derived from lysed cells. For archaea, we detected ∼2,400 distinct proteins, including a subset involved in proteolysis and peptide uptake. Laboratory cultivation experiments using complex carbon substrates demonstrated anaerobic enrichment of Ferroplasma and Aplasma coupled to the reduction of ferric iron. These findings indicate dominance of acidophilic archaea in degrading biofilms and suggest that they play roles in anaerobic nutrient cycling at low pH.
Chameleon: an interactive texture-based rendering framework for visualizing three-dimensional vector fields

In this paper we present an interactive texture-based technique for visualizing three-dimensional vector fields. The goal of the algorithm is to provide a general volume rendering framework allowing the user to compute three-dimensional flow textures interactively, and to modify the appearance of the visualization on the fly. To achieve our goal, we decouple the visualization pipeline into two disjoint stages. First, streamlines are generated from the 3D vector data. Various geometric properties of the streamlines are extracted and converted into a volumetric form using a hardware-assisted slice sweeping algorithm. In the second phase of the algorithm, the attributes stored in the volume are used as texture coordinates to look up an appearance texture to generate both informative and aesthetic representations of the underlying vector field. Users can change the input textures and instantaneously visualize the rendering results. With our algorithm, visualizations with enhanced structural perception using various visual cues can be rendered in real time. A myriad of existing geometry-based and texture-based visualization techniques can also be emulated.
Communication, Language and the Institutionalised Elderly

Research describing the social world of elderly residents of nursing homes is organised in this paper into three levels of analysis: the institutional level, the relational level and the interactional level. The significance of each level is highlighted, with special attention being given to the interactional level of analysis and the study of language within the nursing home. Data gathered from semi-structured interviews with both elderly residents and nurse aides are presented and interpreted as evidence of interactional problems which may emerge in the resident–staff relationship. Implications and future prospects of incorporating the three levels of analysis into the study of the psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents are considered.
Differential Expression of PDE5 in Failing and Nonfailing Human Myocardium

Background—Recognizing that inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) are increasingly employed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) failure, we examined PDE5 expression in the human RV and its impact on myocardial contractility. Methods and Results—Tissue extracts from the RV of 20 patients were assayed for PDE5 expression using immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. Tissues were selected from groups of nonfailing organ donors and transplant recipients with endstage ischemic cardiomyopathy or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Among dilated cardiomyopathy patients, subgroups with mild or severe RV dysfunction and prior left ventricular assist devices were analyzed separately. Our results showed that PDE5 abundance increased more than 4-fold in the RVs of the ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with the nonfailing group. In dilated cardiomyopathy, PDE5 upregulation was more moderate and varied with the severity of RV dysfunction. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed ...
Electronic surveying instrument

An intermediate type (neither sophisticated nor simple) of electronic surveying instrument is described which maintains sufficient accuracy within an affordable price range. The instrument is essentially based on a microprocessor controlled electrooptical design where the trigonometric principle is used to carry out horizontal and vertical distance measurement. It is noted that a slight improvement of the design will provide an automatic target recognition facility which will be highly advantageous for field work. >
ESTIMATION OF UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC MODELS FROM FLIGHT TEST DATA

This report summarizes the activities in aerodynamic model estimation from flight data. In addition to public presentations at the AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conferences, two presentations at Boeing-Seattle were made during personal trips. These are discussed in the following: 1. Methodology of Aerodynamic Model Estimation from Flight Data. 2. Applications of F-16XL aerodynamic modeling. 3. Modeling of turbulence response. 5. Presentations at Boeing-Seattle. 6. Recommendations. and 7. References.
Probing the Transmembrane Structure and Topology of Microsomal Cytochrome-P450 by Solid-State NMR on Temperature-Resistant Bicelles

Though the importance of high-resolution structure and dynamics of membrane proteins has been well recognized, optimizing sample conditions to retain the native-like folding and function of membrane proteins for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or X-ray measurements has been a major challenge. While bicelles have been shown to stabilize the function of membrane proteins and are increasingly utilized as model membranes, the loss of their magnetic-alignment at low temperatures makes them unsuitable to study heat-sensitive membrane proteins like cytochrome-P450 and protein-protein complexes. In this study, we report temperature resistant bicelles that can magnetically-align for a broad range of temperatures and demonstrate their advantages in the structural studies of full-length microsomal cytochrome-P450 and cytochrome-b5 by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the N-terminal region of rabbit cytochromeP4502B4, that is usually cleaved off to obtain crystal structures, is helical and has a transmembrane orientation with ~17° tilt from the lipid bilayer normal.
The problem of expensive chunks and its solution by restricting expressiveness

Soar is an architecture for a system that is intended to be capable of general intelligence. Chunking, a simple experience-based learning mechanism, is Soar's only learning mechanism. Chunking creates new items of information, called chunks, based on the results of problem-solving and stores them in the knowledge base. These chunks are accessed and used in appropriate later situations to avoid the problem-solving required to determine them. It is already well-established that chunking improves performance in Soar when viewed in terms of the subproblems required and the number of steps within a subproblem. However, despite the reduction in number of steps, sometimes there may be a severe degradation in the total run time. This problem arises due to expensive chunks, i.e., chunks that require a large amount of effort in accessing them from the knowledge base. They pose a major problem for Soar, since in their presence, no guarantees can be given about Soar's performance. In this article, we establish that expensive chunks exist and analyze their causes. We use this analysis to propose a solution for expensive chunks. The solution is based on the notion of restricting the expressiveness of the representational language to guarantee that the chunks formed will require only a limited amount of accessing effort. We analyze the tradeoffs involved in restricting expressiveness and present some empirical evidence to support our analysis.
EduPolitical Research: Reading Between the Lines

This article presents a counternarrative informed by personal, critical, and qualitative perspectives, written in response to articles on effective classroom literacy instruction for improved academic performance published in March 2009 in Educational Researcher. Classroom literacy instruction is a complex undertaking that must include an understanding of local communities, schools, and classroom contexts, especially in culturally and linguistically diverse and low-income schools. Edupolitical research refers to the intersection of education research and federal intervention that informs education policy. A way out of the quicksand of unresolved debates over epistemology, pedagogy, and methodological and analytical approaches to effective classroom literacy instruction, teacher–student interactions, and student performance is a collaborative effort to create dense theories of instruction informed by a broad body of knowledge.
Effect of clofibrate on cholesterol and DNA synthesis in rat ventral prostate.

SummaryClofibrate, a known inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis in the liver, was found effective in inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the ventral prostate of rats after 2, 3, 4 and 10 weeks of clofibrate treatment by oral route. Blockage of cholesterol synthesis in prostate also inhibited the DNA synthesis in the ventral prostate. When clofibrate treated castrated rats were injected with testosterone, the prostate weight, the content and the synthesis of cholesterol and DNA were not restored to levels equal to those seen in control rats. Clofibrate feeding to normal rats for 10 weeks also caused histopathological changes in the ventral prostate of rats.
Identifying Inviolable Behavioral Norms of Campus Housing and Residence Life Professionals

Housing and residence life (HRL) administrators who lack knowledge about accepted professional behaviors risk violating normative boundaries, likely jeopardizing themselves or their clients (e.g., students, parents, colleagues). The purpose of this survey study was to understand if a normative structure exists for the administrative role performance of HRL professionals. Findings revealed six inviolable norms, some of which differ by personal and professional characteristics of HRL professionals. The authors offer recommendations to guide practice and research.
Coping with Multiple Sclerosis: coping strategies, personality, and cognitive appraisals as predictors of adjustment among multiple sclerosis patients

ii Dedication iv Acknowledgments v Vita vi List of tables x List of figures xii Chapters:
Incubation of anxiety as measured by response suppression

Rats were given 6 days of operant bar training, 1 session of avoidance training, and differential rest intervals of 0, 1, 4, 24, and 168 hr. Ss were then tested in the operant training situation where rate suppression during avoidance CS presentation was used as an index of fear. Fear increased up to 4 hr. and diminished only slightly after 1 week.
Isolation of a Sulfated Mucopolysaccharide from Blood Platelets of Rats.

SummaryMost of the radiosulfate in S35-labeled rat blood platelets was recovered in an alkali extract. The extracted material stained with Alcian blue for mucopolysaccharides and was found to behave similarly to chondroitin sulfate when subjected to paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography.
Self-assembly of stiff, adhesive and self-healing gels from common polyelectrolytes.

Underwater adhesion has numerous potential medical, household, and industrial applications. It is typically achieved through covalent polymerization and cross-linking reactions and/or the use of highly specialized biological or biomimetic polymers. As a simpler alternative to these covalent and biomimetic strategies, this article shows that stiff, gel-like complexes that adhere to various substrates under water can also be prepared through the ionic cross-linking of common, commercial polyelectrolytes. The gels form spontaneously when synthetic polycations, such as poly(allylamine) (PAH), are mixed with strongly binding multivalent anions, pyrophosphate (PPi) and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The PAH/PPi and PAH/TPP gels exhibit very high storage moduli (G∞′ ≈ 400 kPa), self-heal when torn, and adhere to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates under water (with short-term tensile adhesion strengths of 350–450 kPa). Furthermore, these gels can be dissolved on demand (if adhesion needs to be reversed) by chan...
Analysis of stability of projectiles in thermally choked ram accelerators

In this work, the stability of projectiles in thermally choked ram accelerators is studied using the pressure distributions obtained from numerical simulations. We have simulated reactive flows around the projectile at three different positions: the projectile axis is (1) located at that of the ram-accelerator tube, (2) slightly translated from the tube axis, and (3) slightly rotated from the tube axis, resulting in a small pitch angle. The simulations show that the pressure profile on the projectile and, hence, the stability characteristics of the projectile are dominated by the reflected shocks on the front part of the projectile and the normal shock maintained on the rear part by thermally choked combustion behind the projectile. For the projectile with its center of mass located in the middle part of projectile, similar to those used in the experiments, the aerodynamic torque generated by the pressure imbalance due to a perturbation in the projectile position stabilizes the projectile if a normal shock is maintained on the rear part of the projectile and destabilizes the projectile if this normal shock is absent. However, the aerodynamic torque always stabilizes the projectile if the center of mass of the projectile is sufficiently near the projectile tip and destabilizes the projectile if the center of mass is sufficiently close to the projectile base.
Association of Childhood Anxiety Disorders and Quality of Life in a Primary Care Sample

ABSTRACT:Anxiety disorders are associated with measurable deficits in quality of life (QOL) in adult samples. However, this association has largely been unexplored in pediatric samples. In this study, we examined relationships between child anxiety—including number of anxiety disorders (comorbidity)
Microgenomic approaches to identify clinically relevant gene signatures that discriminate histologic types of breast carcinomas.

Background: Breast cancer presents itself in a variety of histologic types, and the two most common types are invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Based on comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses, ILC is more closely related to low grade IDC than it is to intermediate and high grade IDC. Results from the BIG 1-98 trial demonstrate that post-menopausal women who are affected with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) ILC or luminal B (high grade) IDC experience a greater magnitude of benefit when they are treated with the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole compared to treatment with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. To contrast, it has been found in the same trial that women affected with luminal A (low grade) IDC experience more benefit when treated with tamoxifen when compared to letrozole. It is therefore imperative to accurately distinguish low grade IDC from ILC considering their varying responses to adjuvant treatment. Despite genetic evidence suggesting a close relationship between ILC and low grade IDC, a clinically relevant gene set underlying a tumor’s biologic responsiveness to letrozole likely exists. The goal of this study is to use microgenomics to identify a clinically relevant candidate gene set that would discriminate between ILC and low grade IDC rather than relying solely on histomorphology and/or immunohistochemistry for the pathologic diagnosis, especially when conventional tests are conflicting. Methods: Using 247 de-identified human breast carcinoma biopsies collected under standardized, stringent conditions, total RNA was extracted from carcinoma cells procured by laser capture microdissection to perform microarray analyses of approximately 22,000 genes to identify expression signatures associated with breast cancer characteristics. Of the 247 LCM-procured samples, 14 were ER+ ILC, 9 were ER+ low grade IDC, and 43 were ER+ high grade IDC. The other 181 samples were either ERor of another cancer type other than ILC and IDC. Candidate genes were selected by identifying those that were differentially expressed between ILC and low grade IDC (luminal A) and at the same time, had similar expression levels between ILC and high grade IDC (luminal B). qPCR analyses of whole tissue samples were then utilized to validate the selected gene set. Results: Comparison of microarray data from hormone receptor positive tumors yielded 299 probes that were differentially expressed (p 0.01) between ILC and high grade IDC (luminal B). 11 of these 99 genes were initially chosen for further investigation by performing qPCR on whole tissue samples from 21 ILC, 19 low grade IDC and 19 high grade IDC tumors. Our initial analysis revealed expression of the gene coding for heparin-binding EGF like growth factor (HBEGF) and collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) may be potential markers for differentiating between ILC and low grade (luminal A) IDC.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEG’s)

Abstract : Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been utilized in human studies to modulate a multitude of psychological, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders. There have been positive behavioral results in human subjects, but our knowledge of biological processes occurring during stimulation to elicit behavioral outcomes is limited. Our study utilizes a rodent tDCS (R-tDCS) model in which Sprague Dawley rats receive tDCS in order to examine whether tDCS affects neuronal activation. We examined two immediate early genes (IEG's), cFos and zif268, in order to discern if tDCS affects neuronal activation. Our findings indicate that tDCS does affect neuronal activation by means of IEG induction and that there is dose dependence between current intensity used and mRNA levels of IEG's. These findings are important because they show biologically tDCS affecting neuronal activation. This study aided the scientific community in better understanding what is occurring biologically during tDCS.
Clinical diagnosis of cavernous sinus syndromes.

A general approach to the complex topic of cavernous sinus syndromes is developed that attempts to make the best use of information available from the history and physical evaluation. Emphasis is on the observations and decisions that occur in the physician’s office.
Receptor-Bound Conformation of α-Peptide of Transducin (Gt) is not Stabilized by a “π-Cation” Interaction but by Constrained Lactam Bridges Between Residues 341 and 350

Light-induced activation of rhodopsin (R*) leads to its conformation change and the binding of transducin Gt. Synthetic Gtα (340–350) peptide has been demonstrated to stabilize R* as does Gt. The bound conformation of R*-bound Gtα (340–350) has been determined by TrNOE NMR measurements [1]. The adjacent disposition of the 8-amino group of Lys-341 toward the side-chain phenyl ring of Phe-350 suggests a possible π-cation interaction. To investigate this π-cation hypothesis, we measured the affinity with R* of a series of α-peptide analogs with different para-substituents on the Phe-350 phenyl ring. In order to further exploit the proximity between the side chains of Lys-341 and Phe-350, we also prepared a-peptide analogs with straightforward lactam bridges between the side chains at 341 and 350.
The First Amendment and the Second Commandment, 57 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 41 (2013)

The First Amendment and the Second CommandmentWe live in an image culture, a world in which images are so ubiquitous as to be unremarkable. It is said that the image has surpassed the word as the dominant mode of communication. It seems preposterous to suggest that in this modern, digital, visual culture, we might still feel the ancient, bewitching pull of images, the instinct that images possess an uncanny power or danger. Surely, this view of images is archaic; it resembles the view that motivated both idolaters and iconoclasts in earlier, supposedly more primitive, cultures. Yet I believe this ancient view of images is alive and well (although we don’t acknowledge it) in the modern and supposedly rationalistic world of contemporary First Amendment law. In my view, First Amendment law consistently and unthinkingly favors text over image and it does so for reasons that bear a remarkable similarity to the reasons that motivated iconoclasts throughout the history of religious and secular struggles over images. In this Article, I explore a variety of free speech doctrines to establish that First Amendment offers greater protection for verbal as opposed to visual forms of representation. Curiously, this consistent preference for text over image is buried in the doctrine; assumed and almost never acknowledged, its real world implications are dramatic. I then show that the First Amendment treatment of images echoes the approach to visual imagery that animated the biblical prohibition on graven images and the historical, religious impulse to destroy images. The view of images that motivated iconoclasts, the perception of images as invested with magic powers or indistinguishable from what they represent, persists unrecognized in contemporary First Amendment law and theory.
Quality Adjusted Life Years

Quality-adjusted life years, or QALYs, are measures of health outcomes used in economic evaluations to capture changes in both quantity and quality of life due to health interventions. QALYs enable comparisons of diverse types of consequences on a common scale, quantifying health benefits in units of healthy years of life. In this article, we review the historical development and application of QALYs; summarize key concepts and theoretical foundations underlying QALYs; describe some of the leading alternatives that have been proposed; and offer a brief overview of QALY computations.
This is your afterlife: gender, slavery, and televisual subjection

In 1957 Arries Ann Ward, who was formerly enslaved, appeared on the classic television interview-entertainment program, This Is Your Life. Despite Ward’s practices of refusal, the rare interview enacts an idealization of black female servitude and indebted obligation through performances of affection and racial benevolence. Ward’s appearance effectively works to resolve national crisis produced by widespread images of civil-rights protest and counterinsurgent violence, reifying discourses of American exceptionalism in Cold War context.
A Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy Method for Measuring Mucous Layer Growth on Living Corneal Epithelia

Abstract Mucous layers at corneal epithelial cell surfaces perform a variety of tribological roles and are integral to the function of associated biological structures. The primary component of these layers are mucin glycosylated proteins, a broad and diverse class of biological macromolecules that influence tribological and rheological characteristics of the eye's tear film. The tear film composition is incessantly modulated by environmental conditions, active production by living cells, and passive processes such as degradation or wear. Quantitative investigation of mucin production and accumulation at the corneal surface will improve current understanding of tear film stability and function. Here, we present fluorescence microscopy and image analysis techniques capable of capturing the dynamics of mucous layer growth. Using this technique, we observe a non-monotonically thickening mucin layer at the apical surface of a corneal epithelial cell monolayer, while the total amount of mucin increases at a rate indicative of diffusion limited growth.
Development of level 1b calibration and validation readiness, implementation and management plans for GOES-R

A complement of Readiness, Implementation and Management Plans (RIMPs) to facilitate management of post-launch product test activities for the official Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Level 1b (L1b) products have been developed and documented. Separate plans have been created for each of the GOES-R sensors including: the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), the Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS), Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), GOES-R Magnetometer (MAG), the Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS), and the Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI). The GOES-R program has implemented these RIMPs in order to address the full scope of Cal/Val activities required for a successful demonstration of GOES-R L1b data product quality throughout the three validation stages: Beta, Provisional and Full Validation. For each product maturity level, the RIMPs include specific performance criteria and required artifacts that provide evidence a given validation stage has been reached, the timing when each stage will be complete, a description of every applicable Post-Launch Product Test (PLPT), roles and responsibilities of personnel, upstream dependencies, and analysis methods and tools to be employed during validation. Instrument level Post-Launch Tests (PLTs) are also referenced and apply primarily to functional check-out of the instruments.
Professionalism Across Occupational Therapy Practice (2017)

The general purpose of this text is to provide the reader with an overview of professionalism within the context of occupational therapy. The book provides terminology, definitions, rationale, and ...
Brownian regularity for the Airy line ensemble, and multi-polymer watermelons in Brownian last passage percolation

The Airy line ensemble is a positive-integer indexed system of random continuous curves whose finite dimensional distributions are given by the multi-line Airy process. It is a natural object in the KPZ universality class: for example, its highest curve, the Airy$_2$ process, describes after the subtraction of a parabola the limiting law of the scaled energy of a geodesic running from the origin to a variable point on an anti-diagonal line in such problems as Poissonian last passage percolation. The ensemble of curves resulting from the Airy line ensemble after the subtraction of the same parabola enjoys a simple and explicit spatial Markov property, the Brownian Gibbs property. In this paper, we employ the Brownian Gibbs property to make a close comparison between the Airy line ensemble's curves after affine shift and Brownian bridge, proving the finiteness of a superpolynomially growing moment bound on Radon-Nikodym derivatives. We also determine the value of a natural exponent describing in Brownian last passage percolation the decay in probability for the existence of several near geodesics that are disjoint except for their common endpoints, where the notion of `near' refers to a small deficit in scaled geodesic energy, with the parameter specifying this nearness tending to zero. To prove both results, we introduce a technique that may be useful elsewhere for finding upper bounds on probabilities of events concerning random systems of curves enjoying the Brownian Gibbs property. Several results in this article play a fundamental role in a further study of Brownian last passage percolation in three companion papers, [Ham17a,b,c], in which geodesic coalescence and geodesic energy profiles are investigated in scaled coordinates.
Thomas E. Starzl: Transplantation pioneer

Thomas E. Starzl, MD, PhD was born on March 11, 1926 in Le Mars, Iowa, the second son of Roman Frederick Starzl and Anna Laura Starzl. His parents were first-generation Americans, the children of Czechoslovakian and Irish immigrants. Roman Starzl was an editor, publisher, and owner of a newspaper. Anna Laura Starzl was first a nurse and then a teacher. As a boy, Tom Starzl worked at every job in his father’s paper, and he later credited his experience of sorting type with helping him to develop the manual dexterity required as a surgeon (1). Thomas E. Starzl. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh. After serving in the US Navy, Starzl obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1947 from Westminster College in Missouri, and then he earned his medical degree and doctorate (Neurosciences) at Northwestern University in Chicago. Following graduation, … [↵][1]1Email: dbrenner{at}ucsd.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Polydiacetylene Nanofiber Composites as a Colorimetric Sensor Responding To Escherichia coli and pH

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugative polymers that demonstrate color changes as a response to an external stimulus. In this study, 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) was mixed with a supporting polymer including poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polyurethane (PU), and the mixture solution was electrospun to construct fiber composites. The electrospun fibers were then photopolymerized using UV irradiation to produce PEO–PDA and PU–PDA nanofiber mats with a fiber diameter ranging from 130 nm to 2.5 μm. The morphologies of both PEO–PDA and PU–PDA nanofibers were dependent on electrospinning parameters such as the ratio of PCDA to PEO or PCDA to PU and the total polymer concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed beaded fibers of PEO–PDA and PU–PDA at 2 and 18 w/v % concentrations, respectively. Smooth fibers were found when the solvent concentration was increased to 3.75 w/v % in PEO–PDA and 25 w/v % in PU–PDA fibers. Both PEO–PDA and PU–PDA nanofiber composites demonstrated excellent colorime...
The Norwich Blood Libel Mounted Once Again: A Pedagogy for Tolerance in Arnold Wesker’s Blood Libel (1991)

Arnold Wesker’s Blood Libel (1991) dramatizes the ways in which Thomas of Monmouth builds up ill-informed, racist propaganda against Jews in his Life and Miracles of William of Norwich. By staging Wesker’s play, students confront the challenges of depicting prejudice for the ultimate purpose of enlightening audiences about the continued threat of anti-Semitism. This hands-on guide offers advice for producing Wesker’s play, as well as addressing such topics as advertising, casting, and publicizing this challenging work. Staging provocative plays requires foresight so that actors do not reinstate the prejudices on display in works such as Blood Libel; they must move beyond the text’s surface points to explore its deeper, more resonant meanings, so that their audiences may appreciate these nuances as well.