cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training Faculty: Teaching Goals vs. Tech Tools – Finding a Balance

Faculty often ask us about specific technologies to use in their teaching; however, context to their teaching goals might suggest use of a different technological tool, or suggestions for specific settings to a tool. Additionally, research has shown that faculty expect and want technology support, not support in their teaching and pedagogy. Our goal in supporting faculty in their instruction would be to educate them about the tools, but also guide them to the right tools for their specific teaching needs. When training faculty about the tools available to them, how do we find a balance between pedagogical support and strict technology overload? How can we offer them the technology training they want, along with the guided support toward best practices in teaching and learning with technology? This session will cover how different schools provide different types of training in technology tools for faculty and how each finds the balance between teaching and technology.
1940 The common garden experiment

Abstract Clausen et al. (1940) developed a research protocol for sorting out phenotypic differences that were environmentally induced (phenotypic plasticity) versus genetic. This technique utilized raising genetically different individuals in a common garden for one generation.
Routine Repeat Head CT Does Not Change Management in Trauma Patients on Novel Anticoagulants.

Abstract Introduction Guidelines for imaging anticoagulated patients following a traumatic injury are unclear. Interval CT head (CTH) is often routinely performed after initial negative CTH to assess for delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH-d). The rate of ICH-d for patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is unknown. We hypothesized that the incidence of ICH-d in patients on NOACs would be similar, if not lower to that of warfarin, and routine repeat CTH after initial negative would not change management, and thus, may not be indicated. Materials and Methods Anticoagulated patients presenting with blunt trauma to a level I trauma center between 2016 and 2018 were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included: positive initial CTH and those taking nonoral anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents alone (without warfarin or NOAC). Outcomes included: ICH-d, discharge GCS, administration of reversal agents, neurosurgical intervention, readmission, and death. Multivariable regression was performed to evaluate patient factors associated with the development of ICH-d. Results A total of 332 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into a warfarin group (n = 191) and NOAC group (n = 141). The incidence of ICH-d in the warfarin group was 2.6% (5/191) and 2.1% (3/141) in the NOAC group (P = 0.77). There were no reversal agents administered, neurosurgical interventions, readmissions, or deaths in the NOAC group. Conclusions Little is known about the impact of NOACs in the setting of trauma, especially regarding risks of ICH-d following traumatic injury. In the NOAC group, ICH-d occurred only 2.1% of the time. In addition, there were no reversal agents given, neurosurgical interventions, or deaths. These data, taken together, suggest the limited utility of repeat imaging in this patient population.
From litigation to innovation: Firms' ability to litigate and technological diversification through human capital

Research Summary When firms diversify technologically, they often acquire human capital from competitors. Legal challenges emerge when intellectual property (IP) safeguards are involved. We examine a firm's ability to initiate IP litigation or protect against litigation (i.e., litigation ability) as an antecedent to its technological diversification. We demonstrate that an unexpected reduction in firm's litigation ability is associated with a temporary decline in its entry into new technological domains. Furthermore, we find that the negative effect is stronger when the firm's existing inventors cannot be easily utilized in the new domain or when interfirm mobility in the new domain is low. These findings extend prior work by highlighting a proactive role of the firm's litigation ability that spans beyond protecting the firm's existing IP. Managerial Summary To diversify successfully, the firm often needs new knowledge that can be acquired by hiring new research personnel. However, these inventors may come from competitors and their knowledge may be protected by IP safeguards. We examine how the firm's ability to initiate and protect against IP litigation influences its technological diversification. We find that an unexpected reduction in a firm's ability to litigate temporarily reduces its expansion. The negative effect is magnified when considering expansion into domains where the firm's existing inventors cannot be utilized or where the intermobility of inventors is low. Our findings suggest that the ability to both protect IP and avoid litigation are important factors in a firm's diversification strategy.
The impact of short-term exposure to near shore stressors on the early life stages of the reef building coral Montipora capitata

Successful reproduction and survival are crucial to the continuation and resilience of corals globally. As reef waters warm due to climate change, episodic largescale tropical storms are becoming more frequent, drastically altering the near shore water quality for short periods of time. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the effects warming waters, fresh water input, and run-off have on sexual reproduction of coral. To better understand the effects of these near shore stressors on Hawaiian coral, laboratory experiments were conducted at the Institute of Marine Biology to determine the independent effects of suspended sediment concentrations (100 mg l-1 and 200 mg l-1), lowered salinity (28‰), and elevated temperature (31 °C) on the successful fertilization, larval survival, and settlement of the scleractinian coral Montipora capitata. In the present study, early developmental stages of coral were exposed to one of three near shore stressors for a period of 24 h and the immediate (fertilization) and latent effects (larval survival and settlement) were observed and measured. Fertilization success and settlement were not affected by any of the treatments; however, larval survival was negatively affected by all of the treatments by 50% or greater (p > 0.05). These data show that early life stages of M. capitata may be impacted by near shore stressors associated with warming and more frequent storm events.
458 Antitumor mechanisms of local radiation and combination immunotherapy in an immunologically cold model of neuroblastoma

Background The standard treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma includes a combination immunotherapeutic approach consisting of IL-2, GM-CSF, and monoclonal antibodies directed against GD2, a disialoganglioside preferentially expressed in neuroblastoma and melanoma.1 We recently described an effective a preclinical in-situ vaccination strategy combining local radiation therapy (RT), IL-2-linked to anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (intratumoral immunocytokine, IT-IC), checkpoint inhibition (anti-CTLA4), and drivers of innate immunity (anti-CD40 and CpG).2 This strategy is effective in curing mice with immunologically-cold neuroblastoma. We sought to better characterize the anti-tumor mechanisms that mediate this effect. Methods Mice bearing GD2-expressing, immunologically-cold neuroblastoma tumors (9464D-GD2) were treated with 12Gy RT and combination immunotherapy (IT-IC, anti-CTLA-4, CpG, anti-CD40) over 12 days as previously described.2 Depletion of individual immune cell sets during treatment was achieved by depleting monoclonal antibodies and confirmed by flow cytometry. T-cell receptor deficient (TCR KO) mice were used to confirm findings in T-cell depletion experiments. 9464D-GD2 parental cells have low MHC-I expression; subclones with low and moderate MHC Class I expression were obtained by flow cytometry sorting and the impact of MHC class I expression on immune cell infiltrate and survival was assessed. Results The effectiveness of RT and combination immunotherapy was not significantly reduced by NK or T cell depletion, and TCR KO mice had similar tumor growth and survival to mice that underwent T-cell depletion. Moderate MHC class I expression did not slow tumor growth or improve survival in mice bearing 9464D-GD2 tumors (over those with low MHC-I) following treatment. Moderate MHC class I expression also did not alter individual immune cell subsets in treated tumors (figure 1). Overall, increased infiltration of CD8 T-cells, CD4 T-cells, and depletion of T regulatory cells was observed in all treated tumors (p Conclusions Treatment with RT and combination immunotherapy (IT-IC, anti-CTLA4, anti-CD40, CpG) may act through mechanisms that are MHC class I, NK-cell and T-cell independent. Further investigation of the role of innate immunity and myeloid subsets in this scenario is warranted. Acknowledgements Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T32 CA090217. References Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, London WB, Kreissman SG, Chen HX, et al. Anti-GD2 Antibody with GM-CSF, Interleukin-2, and Isotretinoin for Neuroblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363:1324–34 Voeller J, Erbe AK, Slowinski J, Rasmussen K, Carlson PM, Hoefges A, et al. Combined innate and adaptive immunotherapy overcomes resistance of immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma to checkpoint inhibition. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer 2019;7:13
Deep Learning and Financial Stability

The financial sector is entering a new era of rapidly advancing data analytics as deep learning models are adopted into its technology stack. A subset of Artificial Intelligence, deep learning represents a fundamental discontinuity from prior analytical techniques, providing previously unseen predictive powers enabling significant opportunities for efficiency, financial inclusion, and risk mitigation. Broad adoption of deep learning, though, may over time increase uniformity, interconnectedness, and regulatory gaps. This paper maps deep learning’s key characteristics across five possible transmission pathways exploring how, as it moves to a mature stage of broad adoption, it may lead to financial system fragility and economy-wide risks. Existing financial sector regulatory regimes - built in an earlier era of data analytics technology - are likely to fall short in addressing the systemic risks posed by broad adoption of deep learning in finance. The authors close by considering policy tools that might mitigate these systemic risks.
Which Technological Characteristics Matter Most in Evolutionary Pathways of New Technology? Hedonic Pricing Method for Detecting and Predicting Technological Trajectories in Smartphone

A fundamental problem in the scientific field of technical change and technological forecasting is to detect the driving technical characteristics of new technology in order to predict evolutionary pathways. The vast literature in economics of innovation has analyzed many aspects of technical change and emerging technology. However, methods to detect the technical characteristics driving new technologies are rather elusive. This study suggests a hedonic price method in which product prices are regressed with respect to technical characteristics of the product under study to detect and assess fruitful technological trajectories supporting the evolution of technology. Application of this method is based on empirical data of smartphone technology (N=738 models over 2008-2018). Results reveal that higher resolution of display and images of digital cameras and larger Gb of RAM are the driving characteristics of technological evolution in smartphone technology. In fact, quality of images of cameras, optical zoom, higher display resolutions, larger RAM are more and more vital technical features of new smartphone technology in competitive markets to satisfy users. Implications for management of technology are discussed for predicting technological trajectories in smartphone technology and for guiding funding for R&D to support technical characteristics that are likeliest to evolve rapidly in society.
Control as an Enabler for Electrified Mobility

This article outlines the importance of electrified mobility (e-mobility) in modern transport. One key goal of this review is to illustrate the role that control has played, and must continue to pl...
Radionuclide tagged blood cell patch to monitor spine coverage for spontaneous diffuse CSF leaks

We present a 14-year-old female patient with a 2 yr history of positional headache secondary to spontaneous diffuse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We treated the leak with an epidural blood patch which was radioactively labeled by a well- established nuclear medicine technique. Because spontaneous CSF leaks were frequently multifocal or diffuse throughout the spine, the extent of coverage or distribution of an epidural patch was generally determined by best estimate. Traditional radiographic contrast media mixed with the blood cellshad been used to monitor the patch coverage and it is questionable whether the contrast can be representative of the cell distribution. We applied a nuclear medicine technique to label the autologous red blood cells to monitor the range of spinal cord coverage of each epidural patch. After two visible epidural patches covered both the lumbar and thoracic spine, computed tomography myelogram demonstrated significantly decreased leakage when compared to the pre-patch images. However, the patient's symptoms remained essentially unchanged in the long term, which is consistent with refractory spontaneous CSF leaks. We believe that this sophisticated nuclear medicine blood labeling technique is a simple and accurate way to monitor the true cell coverage of the spine and the pattern of distribution.
Cell surface morphology identifies microglia as a distinct class of mononuclear phagocyte

To investigate differences among brain-derived microglia and other classes of immune cells, we compared the morphologies and growth properties of mononuclear phagocytes isolated from tissues of the newborn rat. Scanning EM shows that microglia from postnatal rat brain are covered with spines (typically > 20 per cell body) in a distinctive manner which contrasts the smooth surfaces of bone marrow cells and the ruffled surfaces of tissue macrophages from spleen, liver, and peritoneum. The spine-bearing surface of microglia is a specific cell marker, for it does not change with age or after exposure to cytokines or other immunostimulants. Approximately 99% of mononuclear phagocytes cultured from normal adult rat brain are spinous microglia. Five days after injury to rat brain, cells at sites of Wallerian degeneration are essentially all spinous ones while nearly 30% of cells found within areas of infarction or penetrating trauma are invading macrophages. In a similar way, nearly all cells isolated from normal, postmortem adult human brain are spine-bearing microglia (> 99% homogeneity). Brains from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis contain only spinous microglia whereas cells from HIV-1 infected brains include significant numbers of invading ruffled macrophages. Cultured microglia, unlike cultured bone marrow precursors, monocytes, or tissue macrophages, spontaneously develop long, thin processes that extend hundreds of microns in length. Microglia retract these processes after exposure to fetal bovine serum, laminin, or such immunostimulants as recombinant murine interferon gamma (rmIFN gamma) and lipopolysaccharide. Of all types of mononuclear phagocytes tested, only microglia differentiate into quiescent ramified cells when in contact with astrocytes. Thus, microglia represent a unique class of cell maintained, in part, by astroglia as dormant, ramified mononuclear phagocytes in mature CNS. Application of cell surface criteria described here will allow study of distinct populations of mononuclear phagocytes associated with neurologic disorders.
An Empirical Study of Structural Constraint Solving Techniques

Structural constraint solving allows finding object graphs that satisfy given constraints, thereby enabling software reliability tasks, such as systematic testing and error recovery. Since enumerating all possible object graphs is prohibitively expensive, researchers have proposed a number of techniques for reducing the number of potential object graphs to consider as candidate solutions. These techniques analyze the structural constraints to prune from search object graphs that cannot satisfy the constraints. Although, analytical and empirical evaluations of individual techniques have been done, comparative studies of different kinds of techniques are rare in the literature. We performed an experiment to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of some key structural constraint solving techniques. The experiment considered four techniques using: a model checker, a SAT solver, a symbolic execution engine, and a specialized solver. It focussed on their relative abilities in expressing the constraints and formatting the output object graphs, and most importantly on their performance. Our results highlight the tradeoffs of different techniques and help choose a technique for practical use.
Effect of Partially Purified Streptococcal M Protein on the In Vitro Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes

Domingue, Gerald J. (Tulane University, New Orleans, La.), and William A. Pierce, Jr. Effect of partially purified streptococcal M protein on the in vitro phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Bacteriol. 89:583-588. 1965.-M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes strain Bailey type 12 was adsorbed onto cells of a glossy mutant of this strain. Phagocytosis experiments were performed in vitro with rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Direct microscopic counts suggested M protein-treated cells were more resistant to phagocytosis than were untreated cells. With the Cohn and Morse technique for evaluating quantitatively the fate of bacteria during phagocytosis, there was observed a more rapid drop in total and extracellular counts of treated, as compared with untreated, cells. Experiments with radioactively labeled streptococci showed that M-treated cells were more readily destroyed within leukocytes than were nontreated glossy streptococci, which suggested a reason for the scarcity of treated streptococci in direct microscopic counts.
Influence maximization in social networks: Considering both positive and negative relationships

Now a days, the viral marketing has been extensively increased on online social networks, thus increasing the research work on the influence maximization algorithms in social networks. Motivated by this viral marketing strategies, many of the researches proposed few fundamental algorithms to find the subset of individuals to promote a product where the goal is to trigger maximum number of individuals in the network. The problem here is which subset of individuals to pick and why? This problem has been studied by many researches. However, those studies focused on social networks with friendship relations, but to be practical the foe relationship also exists in social networks. Our study is to propose a new diffusion algorithm considering both the friend and foe relationship types in online social networks (OSNs), where the network model would be with both positive and negative edges. We first provide our newly proposed diffusion model, define the influence maximization problem i.e. Positive Opinion Influential Node Set (POINS) selection problem, provide the solution for POINS problem and perform simulations to the social networks with both friend and foe relationships.
Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Controller Design for a Vehicle with Radar Sensors

This paper describes a vehicle-roadway system in which the control of vehicle movement is based on the instrumentation located both in the vehicle and the roadway. A radar based system is also used for both cruise control and for providing position information.
Transporter assays as useful in vitro tools in drug discovery and development.

Introduction: Drug transporters are transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transfer of substances in and out of cells and play a substantial role in drug absorption, distribution and elimination. During the drug discovery and development phases, in vitro assays are important tools to identify substrates and inhibitors of transporters.Areas covered: This article provides an overview of in vitro transporter assays, discussing their advantages, limitations, and sources of variability. Membrane-based assays take advantage of the location of efflux transporters for measurements of drug interactions. Cell-based systems are functional transporter assays that measure the passage of drugs across cell membranes and transporter proteins.Expert opinion: Use of optimized and validated in vitro transporter assays during drug discovery and development leads to a greater confidence in their results in determining whether a new compound is a substrate or inhibitor. The concept of transporter method suitability provide...
Posterior Inference in Bayesian Quantile Regression with Asymmetric Laplace Likelihood

Summary The paper discusses the asymptotic validity of posterior inference of pseudo-Bayesian quantile regression methods with complete or censored data when an asymmetric Laplace likelihood is used. The asymmetric Laplace likelihood has a special place in the Bayesian quantile regression framework because the usual quantile regression estimator can be derived as the maximum likelihood estimator under such a model, and this working likelihood enables highly efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for posterior sampling. However, it seems to be under-recognised that the stationary distribution for the resulting posterior does not provide valid posterior inference directly. We demonstrate that a simple adjustment to the covariance matrix of the posterior chain leads to asymptotically valid posterior inference. Our simulation results confirm that the posterior inference, when appropriately adjusted, is an attractive alternative to other asymptotic approximations in quantile regression, especially in the presence of censored data.
The Tensions Between Academic Freedom and Institutional Review Boards

Academic freedom and the protection of human research subjects are central tenets of American universities. Academic freedom protects the rights of tenured professors to conduct autonomous research; human subject protection ensures that research causes as minimal a risk as possible to study participants. Although the two principles are mutually exclusive, recent trends in Institutional Review Board jurisdiction have placed the two principles in increasing conflict with one another. This article outlines three ways in which Institutional Review Boards potentially infringe on academic freedom: (a) by regulating who is required to consent to research, (b) by stipulating the type of questions allowed and location of research interactions, and (c) by limiting research design.
53BP1 facilitates long-range DNA end-joining during V(D)J recombination

Variable, diversity and joining (V(D)J) recombination and class-switch recombination use overlapping but distinct non-homologous end joining pathways to repair DNA double-strand-break intermediates. 53BP1 is a DNA-damage-response protein that is rapidly recruited to sites of chromosomal double-strand breaks, where it seems to function in a subset of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase-, H2A histone family member X (H2AX, also known as H2AFX)- and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1)-dependent events. A 53BP1-dependent end-joining pathway has been described that is dispensable for V(D)J recombination but essential for class-switch recombination. Here we report a previously unrecognized defect in the joining phase of V(D)J recombination in 53BP1-deficient lymphocytes that is distinct from that found in classical non-homologous-end-joining-, H2ax-, Mdc1- and Atm-deficient mice. Absence of 53BP1 leads to impairment of distal V-DJ joining with extensive degradation of unrepaired coding ends and episomal signal joint reintegration at V(D)J junctions. This results in apoptosis, loss of T-cell receptor alpha locus integrity and lymphopenia. Further impairment of the apoptotic checkpoint causes propagation of lymphocytes that have antigen receptor breaks. These data suggest a more general role for 53BP1 in maintaining genomic stability during long-range joining of DNA breaks.
Hand preferences and other lateral biases in rehabilitated orang-utans,Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus

Abstract The hand preferences of orang-utans have been studied to a lesser extent than those of the other great apes and there has been no previous investigation of free-ranging orang-utans. Left and right hand use by rehabilitated orang-utans living in their natural environment was scored during feeding and self-touching of the face, head and body. The scores were ranked according to three categories designating the degree of finger flexion and manipulation. A total of 43 subjects ranging in age from 1.5 to 28 years were scored, although the sample size varied for each condition. A significant left-hand preference within a subgroup of 31 subjects was found for scratching and for fine manipulation of parts of the face, the strength of this preference increasing with age. Left-hand preferences were present also for some of the categories of head and body touching, but not to the same degree as those for face touching. No group bias for either a left- or right-hand preference was found for hand use in feeding, although some individuals displayed significant left- or right-hand preferences for unimanual holding of food when in either the hanging or propped position and half of the subjects had a preferred hand for fine manipulation in bimanual feeding. Undifferentiated hand use during bimanual feeding was more characteristic of young orang-utans, and older females were more likely to have a right-hand preference. No hand preferences were found for touching conspecifics and sucking fingers or toes, but two out of four mothers displayed a preferred side for carrying the baby. 1996 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Barriers to women's participation in inter-conceptional care: a cross-sectional analysis

Background We describe participation rates in a special interconceptional care program that addressed all commonly known barriers to care, and identify predictors of the observed levels of participation in this preventive care service.
Line intensities in the 647.5-nm ammonia band at low temperatures determined by intracavity laser spectroscopy

Abstract Absolute intensities of three ro-vibrational lines in the 647.5-nm ammonia absorption band are investigated by intracavity laser spectroscopy as a function of temperature (ranging from 180 to 300 K). The absorption lines are at 645.584, 645.712, and 646.050 nm. Their intensities at 299 K are found to be 2.57, 4.01, and 1.94 cm−1atm−1km−1, respectively. A rotational analysis using the derived intensity data is also presented.
Implications of the Affordable Care Act for Occupational Therapy Practitioners Providing Services to Medicare Recipients

The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA; Pub. L. 111-148) represents the largest expansion in government funding of health care since Medicare and Medicaid were established in 1965 (Curfman, Abel, & Landers, 2012). Although the health insurance mandate and Medicaid expansion have received the most attention as a result of legal challenges and the July 2012 Supreme Court ruling on the legality of the ACA (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012), other ACA initiatives may have even greater implications for occupational therapy. The ACA includes sections on improving quality and health systems performance for Medicare recipients, with some sections also applying to Medicaid recipients. Insurance companies commonly follow Medicare rules; therefore, the Medicare reforms are likely to spread across all payers, health care settings, and care recipients.
Breathing life into biology

Mriganka Sur says that life sciences will prosper in India once research and teaching reconnect.
Brand personality and destination image of Istanbul

This study investigates brand personality and destination image of Istanbul, Turkey and compares the perceived image and personality across different nationalities visiting the city. The survey instrument included quantitative and qualitative (open ended) items and questions to better understand the first-time visitors' individual perceptions. Text analysis was utilized to reveal experiential image patterns in qualitative data. Respondents were grouped into four segments depending on the geographic and cultural proximity of their nationalities: USA, UK, Europe, and East Asia. Factor analyses were conducted to find underlying image and personality dimensions. Next one-way ANOVA was conducted to identify significant image and personality variations across different nationalities. The results showed that there are statistically significant perception differences across different nationalities for cognitive and overall image, as well as for brand personality perceptions and behavioral intention. Practical and...
What good is visualization: three experiments

Three experiments demonstrate capabilities of the VIBE information retrieval interface. The first explores the identification of reference points sets to spread a collection of displayed documents into small clusters. The second demonstrates using visual representation of a document set to determine the structure of a document collection vis-a-vis a given reference point set when all semantic information has been hidden from the user. In the third experiment VIBE, in conjunction with genetic algorithm techniques, refined the definition of a POI (reference or query point), improving precision and recall.
Synthesis of light-harvesting dendrimers focally anchored with crown ethers or terpyridine ligands

Crown ethers and terpyridine ligands have been successfully attached to the focal point of light harvesting phenylacetylene monodendrons through Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. The structures of these functional monodendrons were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Such binding-ligand anchored dendrons exhibit broad absorption, large molar extenction coefficients and high fluoresence quantum yields. Coordination of crown ethers with alkali ions results in a significant increase in absorption strength in the UV range, but little alteration in either intensity or position of fluorescence emission. Coordination of terpyridine ligands with Ru2+, however, does efficiently quench the fluorescence from the dendrons, albeit only the smallest dendron exhibits efficient binding.
Flap Endonuclease 1 Efficiently Cleaves Base Excision Repair and DNA Replication Intermediates Assembled into Nucleosomes

Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays important roles both in DNA replication and in base excision repair (BER). However, in both processes FEN1 substrates are likely to be assembled into chromatin. In order to examine how FEN1 is able to work within chromatin, we prepared model nucleosome substrates containing FEN1-cleavable DNA flaps. We find that human FEN1 binds and cleaves such substrates with efficiencies similar to that displayed with naked DNA. Moreover, we demonstrate that both FEN1 and human DNA ligase I can operate successively on DNA within the same nucleosome. These results suggest that some BER steps may not require nucleosome remodeling in vivo and that FEN 1 activity during Okazaki fragment processing can occur on nucleosomal substrates.
Scanning electron microscopy of nerve-muscle contacts in embryonic cell culture☆

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cell cultures of dissociated nerve and muscle from chick embryos has shown that developing muscle fibers can be contacted at many sites by one or more than one neuron, and that a single nerve can send branches to several myofibers. At these contact regions of nerve with muscle, the neurons send out terminal or lateral sprouts with fine tips which initially lack terminal swellings, but later acquire small “bouton”-like structures in contact with the sarcolemma, which resemble embryonic synapses. At these points, the sarcolemma does not appear to differ in ultrastructure from other surface regions of the myofiber. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has revealed the presence of both electron lucent and dense-cored vesicles at some nerve terminals. However, fluorescence histochemistry (Falck-Hillarp technique) failed to detect the presence of catecholamines in these cultures. The SEM pictures at substantially higher resolutions than the light microscope, and the enhanced three dimensional perspective of this technique, provide additional information about the developmental morphology of the nerve-muscle cell culture system. The results are correlated with previous findings by light microscopy, TEM and electrophysiology, and discussed in relationship to proposed innervation processes of skeletal muscle fibers in vivo .
Classification of Clothing Using Midlevel Layers

We present a multilayer approach to classify articles of clothing within a pile of laundry. The classification features are composed of color, texture, shape, and edge information from 2D and 3D data within a local and global perspective. The contribution of this paper is a novel approach of classification termed L-M-H, more specifically LC-S-H for clothing classification. The multilayer approach compartmentalizes the problem into a high (H) layer, multiple midlevel (characteristics (C), selection masks (S)) layers, and a low (L) layer. This approach produces “local” solutions to solve the global classification problem. Experiments demonstrate the ability of the system to efficiently classify each article of clothing into one of seven categories (pants, shorts, shirts, socks, dresses, cloths, or jackets). The results presented in this paper show that, on average, the classification rates improve by +27.47% for three categories (Willimon et al., 2011), +17.90% for four categories, and +10.35% for seven categories over the baseline system, using SVMs (Chang and Lin, 2001).
Synthesis and properties of some refractory transition metal diboride thin films

Abstract Thin films of ZrB 2 and TiB 2 were prepared by r.f. diode sputtering and successfully recrystallized by rapid annealing methods. The properties of the as-deposited and annealed films, which will be described, were evaluated by four-point probe resistivity measurements, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford back- scattering, X-ray diffractometry and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The resultant annealed thin film resistivities are shown to approach those of the refractory metal silicides; the materials thus appear to be promising candidates for integrated circuit metallization application.
Conformational analysis of 4-hydroxycyclohexanone oxime by NMR spectroscopy

The conformational free energy of the hydroxyl group of 4-hydroxycyclohexanone oxime has been found to be 0.33 and 0.61 Kcal./mole in pyridine and D2O, respectively. These values are intermediate to those of the hydroxyl group of cyclohexanol and 4-hydroxycyclohexanone in the corresponding solvents. Comparison of the spectrum of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone-3(axial),5,5-d3 oxime with that of 4-hydroxycyclohexanone oxime and utilization of the long-range deshielding effect of the oximido group has permitted assignment of the individual resonances in the spectrum of the latter compound to specific hydrogens. Moreover, the comparison of spectra and use of the oximido group long-range deshielding effect has provided an independent check on the validity of the equilibrium positions calculated herein.
Rate of Increase and Adult Longevity of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the Laboratory at Four Temperatures

The reproductive potential and longevity of adult females of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (an exotic parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil) were determined under laboratory conditions at four constant temperatures (25, 30, 35, and 40°C ± 1). The resulting data were used to calculate life tables and rates of increase at each temperature. The effect of food and water availability on longevity at 25, 30, and 35°C was evaluated on groups of 10 adult wasps. A female of C. grandis oviposited means of 679.24,498.8,76.15, and 0.0 eggs at 25, 30, 35, and 40°C, respectively, and had a mean longevity of 63.55, 46.35, 20.8, and 9.0 d at the same four temperatures respectively. The net reproductive rate was 58.4, 28.35,4.3, and 0.0; the daily intrinsic rate of increase was 0.134, 0.159, 0.082, and 0.0; and the weekly rate of increase was 1.052, 1.327, 0.692, and 0.0 at 25, 30, 35, and 40°C, respectively. The food treatments that included honey significantly increased longevity with respect to those treatments that lacked it. Treatment including only water did not increase longevity significantly with respect to the control (no food or water).
A RISK-ANALYTIC APPROACH TO CONTROL OF LARGE-VOLUME OIL SPILLS

ABSTRACT The frequency of large-volume oil spills is considerably greater than is consistent with prediction based upon traditional methods. The reason for this phenomenon is that standard probability distributions of magnitude of spills do not have the flexibility to admit of very large coefficients of variation, especially for distributions which are highly skewed to the right. Hence, distributions which have large means relative to the median and which have long thick tails are prerequisites for an appropriate treatment of the problem. The class of stable laws provides a convenient method for investigating the empirical oil spill experience: several large spills dominate the total volume of spillage in virtually all accounting periods; e.g., quarterly. Our methodology involves a statistical assessment of “accident-proneness component;” if one exists, the data is further examined to identify insofar as is possible the genesis of the component (s); if none exists, we assess the frequency and severity of ...
Quartz Microtextures as Indicators of Subaqueous Density Flow: ABSTRACT

Quartz samples from density flow deposits from the Colombia basin (Caribbean Sea) were analyzed for surficial microtextural associations using the scanning electron microscope. Microtextural abrasion patterns were found to vary in the "A" division of turbidites, grain-flow deposits, debris-flow deposits, and in material resulting from washover on the Magdalena deep-sea fan. The observed microtextural patterns are useful criteria for the identification of the transport mechanisms of other deposits assumed to have resulted from density flows. Relative distances of travel of contemporaneous turbidites could be ascertained from impact densities on "A" division sand grains. The limiting conditions on such analyses are a minimum of postdepositional alteration of the mechanical textures of the grains and a lack of intense abrasion features received during episodes of predensity-flow transport. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2206------------
Characterization and performance of MALDI on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for analysis and quantification of small molecules

The usefulness of MALDI for small-molecule work has been limited by matrix chemical interference in the mass range of interest, tedious sample preparation, and various crystallization and sample deposition issues. We report instrument characterization and small-molecule quantification performance data from a high repetition rate laser MALDI ion source coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The high repetition rate laser improves sensitivity and precision and allows a proportional increase in sample throughput. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to discriminate the signal from the high chemical background caused by the MALDI matrix. Successful quantification requires use of an internal standard and a means of sample cleanup for typical in vitro sample compositions. This instrument combination and analysis technique is relatively insensitive to sample crystal quality and spot homogeneity. Quantitative performance results are characterized for 53 small-molecule pharmaceutical compounds and compared ...
Local infection after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: Relation to early repuncture of ipsilateral femoral artery

We describe two cases of groin infection following repuncture of the femoral artery to perform coronary angioplasty soon after diagnostic coronary arteriography. This serious complication can be avoided by using the contralateral femoral artery in this setting, even if the previously used entry site appears benign.
Interaction model for critical pressures of multicomponent methane-free aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures

Abstract An interaction model has been proposed to represent the critical pressure of a multicomponent aliphatic hydrocarbon system not containing methane. This model has been expressed mathematically as an expansion which for its definition requires the establishment of interaction coefficients. For a proper representation of the critical pressure, this expansion has been truncated beyond the fourth order interactions. Experimental critical pressures available in the literature for multicomponent systems have been utilized to establish the second and third order interaction coefficients. Due to the lack of sufficient experimental critical pressures on quaternary systems, the fourth order interaction coefficient cannot be established at this time. Using the second and third order interaction coefficients, the critical pressures of 120 compositions of binary, ternary, quarternary, and quinary methane-free aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures were calculated and were compared with corresponding experimental values to produce an average deviation of 3·25 per cent.
Freshman Republicans and the 1996 Election: The Influence of Congressional Seniority on Voting for the House

Freshman House Republicans running for reelection in 1996 outperformed predictions of vulnerability that were based upon their conservative roll call records and reputed lack of attentiveness to traditional constituency concerns. In this study, we find that perceptions of these freshmen’s ideology and ability to keep in touch with constituents were not, in fact, out of line with analogous perceptions of veterans in 1996 or of freshmen or veterans in other elections. Members of the class of 1994 did stand out, however, in how the determinants of voting behavior in their races compared with the determinants in races of these other groups. Constituent evaluations of the job performance of Congress were closely linked to ballot choice, whereas ideological proximity to the member made no difference. Thus, it seems that the Republican freshmen succeeded in shifting the 1996 reelection battle to electorally favorable terrain, because Congress evaluations that year had rebounded from the low levels existing earli...
Reduction and removal of mercury from water using arginine-modified TiO2

Abstract The photocatalytic removal of mercury(II) ions from water was investigated using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (45 A in diameter) surface-modified with arginine (ARG). TiO2 sols were prepared by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. ARG-modified TiO2 was placed in water and purged anoxically with an inert gas. Suspensions were spiked with elevated mercury concentrations (from mercuric chloride) and equilibrated for 10 min in darkness (with continuous stirring). Suspensions were either illuminated with 253.7 nm light or kept in darkness while mixing continuously. Samples were periodically withdrawn from the reactor via syringe and filtered anoxically. Precipitate collected on the filters was tested for elemental mercury; filtrate was analyzed for mercury using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that in the absence of light, approximately 60% of initial mercury could be sorbed onto the ARG-modified TiO2 [ARG (1.67×10−3 M), TiO2 (5.00×10−3 M)]. ARG-modified TiO2 removed greater than 99.9% of the initial mercury (150 ppm) present in solution within 128 min of illumination through sorption and reduction processes. This removal time was reduced to 32 min when methanol was added as a hole scavenger. These sorption and reduction processes were catalytic in nature. The presence of 30 ppm iron(III) greatly inhibits both the sorption and the reduction of mercury on ARG-modified TiO2.
Crystal structure of bromofluoroacetic acid: a chiral molecule

The crystal structure of bromofluoroacetic acid has been determined from three-dimensional counter data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/c, witha = 8.529(4),b = 5.632(3),c = 9.500(4) A,β = 105.52(4) °, andDx = 2.37 g cm−3 forZ = 4. The finalR factor for 654 independent observed reflections is 0.081. The compound exists as hydrogen-bonded dimers in the solid state.
Body mass index, suicide and homicide.

Body mass index scores for adults in 27 nations were not associated with either suicide or homicide rates.
TH‐E‐110‐06: On Finding An Accurate Patient Body Size Indicator for X‐Ray Computed Tomography

Purpose: To retrospectively compare different topogram‐based patient body size indices and to determine if attenuation‐area product (AAP) is more accurate as a basis for optimizing scan protocol and minimizing patient dose in body CT of adults. Methods: Thirty‐seven non‐contrast CT scans of thorax or abdomen exam were studied retrospectively, with patient age ranges from 21 to 67 years old. The individual patient body attenuation of the scanned region was computed from reconstructed images as the gold standard, after first converting image pixel values from HU values to &#956;a values (&#956; is the attenuation coefficient and a is the area per pixel). Four topogram‐based body size indices (diameter (D), girth (G), projection area (sqrtPA), and AAP) were computed and compared to the gold standard using regression analysis. D was calculated by averaging the coronal and sagittal diameters, G by modeling the patient cross‐section as an ellipsoid, sqrtPA as the square root of the summation of the detector channel data. AAP was computed by multiplying the sqrtPA by the area per pixel, after accounting for patient mis‐centering, table attenuation, scanner geometry and detector pitch angle. The goodness of fitted linear models in correlation with gold standard was described by 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Regression analysis resulted in different linear models. Preliminary results showed diameter and girth were similar in correlation with patient body attenuation with 95% CIs of ±2.8cm and 3.1cm. PA was better than both D and G; however, AAP was most accurate with a 95% CI of 1.3cm. At this time, we are analyzing more patient data sets. Conclusions: AAP may potentially be an automated, accurate patient size index as a basis for protocol optimization and dose minimization in adult body CT. Patient mis‐centering and pixel area corrections are critical for accurately estimating patient body size from topograms.