cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imprint Characteristics of (Bi,La)4Ti3O12-Layered Perovskite Ferroelectric Thin Films

We have investigated the imprint characteristics of 100 nm thick-(Bi,La)4Ti3O12, BLT, films prepared both using metal-organic decomposition (MOD) and Sol-Gel spin coating process after the storage for 2 hours to 96 hours at high temperatures of 85°C, 125°C, 150°C, and 175°C, respectively. Reading and writing operation were performed at 25°C and 90°C, respectively. From the results, It was revealed that the imprint characteristics of MOD-BLT and Sol-Gel BLT are almost similar properties.
In vitro time–kill analysis of oritavancin against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin

Abstract Oritavancin exhibited lower MIC 50 values (0.03 and 0.5 mg/L) than comparators against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 50) and vancomycin-intermediate SA strains ( n = 60). At subtherapeutic concentrations, oritavancin demonstrated rapid (within 9 h) and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against daptomycin nonsusceptible (DNS) MRSA. Further investigations are warranted to determine the therapeutic potential of oritavancin against DNS MRSA.
Optimal predator management for mountain sheep conservation depends on the strength of mesopredator release

Large predators often suppress ungulate population growth, but they may also suppress the abundance of smaller predators that prey on neonatal ungulates. Antagonistic interactions among predators may therefore need to be integrated into predator–prey models to effectively manage ungulate–predator systems. We present a modeling framework that examines the net impact of interacting predators on the population growth rate of shared prey, using interactions among wolves Canis lupus, coyotes Canis latrans and Dall sheep Ovis dalli dalli as a case study. Wolf control is currently employed on approximately 16 million ha in Alaska to increase the abundance of ungulates for human harvest. We hypothesized that the positive effects of wolf control on Dall sheep population growth could be counteracted by increased levels of predation by coyotes. Coyotes and Dall sheep adult females (ewes) and lambs were radiocollared in the Alaska Range from 1999–2005 to estimate fecundity, age-specific survival rates, and causes of mortality in an area without wolf control. We used stage-structured population models to simulate the net effect of wolf control on Dall sheep population growth (λ). Our models accounted for stage-specific predation rates by wolves and coyotes, compensatory mortality, and the potential release of coyote populations due to wolf control. Wolves were the main predators of ewes, coyotes were the main predators of lambs, and wolves were the main source of mortality for coyotes. Population models predicted that wolf control could increase sheep λ by 4% per year in the absence of mesopredator release. However, if wolf control released coyote populations, our models predicted that sheep λ could decrease by up to 3% per year. These results highlight the importance of integrating antagonistic interactions among predators into predator–prey models, because the net effect of predator management on shared prey can depend critically on the strength of mesopredator release.
Massive Star Formation: Radiation Transfer Modeling and Multiwavelength Observation

We present a radiation transfer model consistently developed for a core in high pressure environment forming a massive star through core accretion. We compare this model to the massive protostar G35.2-0.74N, including SOFIA observations at 30 and 40μm. Good agreement is achieved, showing that a ~30M⊙ protostar is forming from a high surface density core via relatively ordered collapse and accretion, driving powerful outflows. This result supports the Core Accretion theory which predicts that massive stars form similarly to low-mass stars.
A guide to your first employment contract.

Abstract A Guide to Your First Employment Contract [Hobgood CD, Wood JP. A guide to your first employment contract. Ann Emerg Med. November 2000;36:530-532.]
Thinking Critically about Environmental Mediation

Environmental mediation is a well-established sub field of dispute resolution-with a substantial literature documenting case studies, mediation techniques, and processes—that is beginning to be institutionalized at the federal level. Critics of the practice have raised concerns that merit careful consideration about issues such as the co-optation of environmental and citizens groups, protection of the public interest, and power imbalances. Three questions that arise from a critique of environmental mediation are explored here. First, how will evolving political climates, individual values, and world-views influence adoption of environmental mediation? Second, what does recent research tell us about assessing environmental mediation's successes and its applicability to different kinds of environmental disputes? Finally, what is the planner's role in mediating environmental disputes?
Spatio-spectral triangulation using a rotational shear interferometer

We use a rotational shearing interferometer to determine the angular location and wavelength of sparse point sources by capturing 2 interference patterns on a CCD array. Wo demonstrate this using a portable RSI with embedded processing.
A comparison of composing processes and written products in timed-essay tests across paper-and-pencil and computer modes

Abstract The present study attempted to discover plausible differences in composing processes when English as a Second Language (ESL) students write timed-essays on paper and on the computer. For this study, six Korean students with high proficiency in English were asked to write two essays across modes with two different prompts. Upon completion of the test, participants reported on their composing processes in detail. This study also examined the way in which the quality of the written products differs across paper and computer modes. The purpose of this study was to focus research on composing processes and written products across modes at the level of the individual rather than at that of the group. The results of the study show that individual participants are engaged in different ways and to differing degrees by the writing prompts and by the test-taking modality. While the lack of significant differences for essay scores across modes may be suggestive, the number of subjects is too small for generalization about the relationship between modes of composing and essay scores.
Optimization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for high frequency operation

In this paper, the structure and processing of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors have been optimized for maximum small signal gain at high frequencies. The effect of the gate resistance, gate-to-drain capacitance and output conductance on the power gain cut-off frequency, f max , of the devices has been experimentally studied. The reduction of the gate width allowed a 4-fold decrease in gate resistance which resulted in almost a 100% increase in f max . To minimize C gd , Γ-shape gates have been processed instead of the conventional T-shape submicron gates. Finally, to reduce the output conductance, the confmement of the 2-dimensional electron gas was increased by using an ultra-thin InGaN layer below the GaN channel. This InGaN back-barrier caused a 2-fold improvement in output conductance which allowed a 20% increase in f max . By optimizing all these parameters, AlGaN/GaN transistors with a record f max of 230 GHz were obtained.
Composite scaffolds: Bridging nanofiber and microsphere architectures to improve bioactivity of mechanically competent constructs

Tissue engineering often benefits from the use of composites to produce an ideal scaffold. We present the focused development of a novel structure that combines the biomimetic properties of nanofibers with the robust mechanical aspects of the sintered microsphere scaffold to produce a composite scaffold that demonstrates an ability to mimic the mechanical environment of trabecular bone while also promoting the phenotype progression of osteoblast progenitor cells. These composite nanofiber/microsphere scaffolds exhibited a mechanical modulus and compressive strength similar to trabecular bone and exhibited degradation resulting in a mass loss of 30% after 24 weeks. The nanofiber portion of these scaffolds was sufficiently porous to allow cell migration throughout the fibrous portion of the scaffold and promoted phenotype progression through focal adhesion kinase-mediated activation of the transcription factor Runx2, control scaffolds not containing nanofibers did not demonstrate extensive cell migration or phenotype progression. Ultimately, the focal adhesion kinase activity on the composite nanofiber/microsphere scaffolds demonstrated causality over the production of the mature osteoblast marker, osteocalcin, and the development of a calcified matrix.
Variable impedance magnetorheological Clutch Actuator and telerobotic implementation

Variable impedance actuation is characterized by the ability to independently set output force and output impedance for a robotic device. Adjusting the output impedance in real-time allows a device to better adapt to a variety of tasks, operate in human-like fashion, and support human safety. This paper focuses on a Series Clutch Actuator based on magnetorheological fluid which allows a fast, electrical change of the impedance while maintaining good force tracking. In particular the mechanical clutch can alter the high-frequency impedance, decoupling the motor inertia and thus reducing impact forces. We present the mechanical clutch design and a control system architecture to automatically adjust the fluid magnetization level and leverage the clutch benefits. Experiments verify torque tracking and impact force reduction both in autonomous and telerobotic operation. The actuator was designed and manufactured in collaboration with the Materials Design Institute at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and is tested in a single degree of freedom demonstration.
Constructing Domain Ontology from Texts: A Practical Approach and a Case Study

Constructing domain ontology from texts is an effective way of achieving “ ontology on demand.” However, this process is very complex. In this paper, we explore a practical approach for domain ontology construction from texts using existing tools. We also describe a case study, which focuses on selecting a variety of papers on avian influenza virus. According to our approach, after being reduced to only key sentences, the selected texts are parsed by NLP software to identify the words and their corresponding parts of speech. The labeled sentences are then related to one another to create an ontology. In addition, the Graphviz tool is used to visualize the graphical ontology. Advantages, limitations, as well as the improvements of this approach are discussed.
Differences in Manufacturer Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions to the FDA in 1984

Pharmaceutical manufacturers were ranked by the number of adverse drug reaction reports that the FDA received from them in 1984. Twenty companies submitted 79% of all the manufacturer reports. These companies were assessed in terms of their total prescriptions, hospital and drug store sales, and detailing calls. All three variables were correlated with the number of ADR reports, but dollar sales were the best predictor of report volume. Reports from the top 20 manufacturers were no more likely to have serious outcomes than those from the other manufacturers, but they were more likely to have unknown outcomes. The top 20 companies submitted NCE reports at a rate almost twice that of other companies, and their NSAID reporting rate was eight times as great. They submitted 85% of the total NCE reports, while only 73% of the NCE reports sent directly to the FDA were for products manufacturered by these companies.
High seedling relative growth rate and specific leaf area are traits of invasive species: phylogenetically independent contrasts of woody angiosperms

Understanding causal factors of exotic species invasions is important not only for prevention and prioritizing control efforts, but also for providing valuable insights into the underlying biology of contrasting life-history strategies. In seedling growth analyses, invasive woody species were compared with less-invasive woody species commonly cultivated in California using phylogenetically corrected procedures (12 phylogenetically independent contrasts). Invasive species were hypothesized to have higher seedling relative growth rates (RGRs) and specific leaf areas (SLAs) than did related less-invasive species. In phylogenetically independent contrasts conducted among taxa within families, high seedling RGRs and SLAs have significant positive associations with woody plant invasiveness. For contrasts containing species invasive in mediterranean regions, invasive species had significantly larger root biomass allocation than did less-invasive species. Optimization of fast seedling growth (high RGR) associated with opportunistic resource acquisition (high SLA) and increased root allocation to survive summer drought may be critical for the success of plant invaders in regions with mediterranean climates.
Spatio-temporal Depth Cuboid Similarity Feature for Activity Recognition Using Depth Camera

Local spatio-temporal interest points (STIPs) and the resulting features from RGB videos have been proven successful at activity recognition that can handle cluttered backgrounds and partial occlusions. In this paper, we propose its counterpart in depth video and show its efficacy on activity recognition. We present a filtering method to extract STIPs from depth videos (called DSTIP) that effectively suppress the noisy measurements. Further, we build a novel depth cuboid similarity feature (DCSF) to describe the local 3D depth cuboid around the DSTIPs with an adaptable supporting size. We test this feature on activity recognition application using the public MSRAction3D, MSRDailyActivity3D datasets and our own dataset. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art activity recognition algorithms on depth videos, and the framework is more widely applicable than existing approaches. We also give detailed comparisons with other features and analysis of choice of parameters as a guidance for applications.
6-Hydroxydopamine as a tool to understand adaptive immune system-induced dopamine neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

AbstractContext: Neuroimmunological response is associated with neurodegeneration in the human substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Objective: To explore the possibility that the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), could be used as a tool in mice to understand the immune response in PD.Materials and methods: We employed unilateral administration of 6-OHDA into the mouse SN. At 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-injection, we used immunohistochemistry for the markers Iba-1 and gp91PHOX to investigate activated microglia in the SN. To examine the adaptive immune response, we used immunohistochemistry for CD3-positive T-lymphocytes, CD45R-positive B-lymphocytes and anti-mouse immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Dopamine neuron loss was examined using immunohistochemistry for the dopamine neuron marker, tyrosine hydroxylase.Results: Compared to vehicle, 6-OHDA administration induced an intense IgG deposition in the SN as well as increased infiltration of both T- and B- lymphocytes into the injected side of...
THE NONLINEAR TRANSITION PERIOD OF BROADBAND ULTRASOUND ATTENUATION AS BONE DENSITY VARIES

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether a transition period occurs between cortical and cancellous bone in the relationship between ultrasound parameters [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and ultrasonic velocity] and density. Twenty-two cancellous bone discs were obtained from proximal bovine tibiae. Also included were three samples of human vertebral cancellous bone from an elderly female and four samples of bovine cortical bone. Ultrasonic velocity did not show any transition period as density varied from cancellous to cortical bone. Ultrasonic velocity exhibited a definite linear dependence on density over the entire range examined. However, BUA has shown a transition period as density varied. Although BUA increased linearly with density for a low density cancellous bone tested (below 0.64 gcm-3), the dependence of BUA on density is nonlinear with a downwardly inflected parabola shape when covering a wide density range (0.130-0.913 gcm-3), of cancellous bone. When one includes cortical bone, the parabola tends to level off in a slow exponential decay. This nonlinear dependence may help to understand the characteristics of BUA measurement.
Bridging the global health training gap: Design and evaluation of a new clinical global health course at Harvard Medical School.

Background: Medical student and resident interest in global health has been growing rapidly. Meanwhile, educational opportunities for trainees remain limited, and many trainees participate in global health experiences abroad without adequate preparation. Medical institutions are attempting to respond to this training gap by developing global health curricula.Aims: We describe a novel clinical skills-based curriculum recently established among Harvard medical students and residents with the primary objective of providing essential clinical knowledge and skills to work effectively in resource-limited settings.Methods: The course consisted of 10 evening sessions taught by a multidisciplinary faculty and focusing on practical management of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. Didactic discussions were reinforced by case studies and practical skills sessions, such as tropical microscopy, basic bedside ultrasound, simple dental extraction, and newborn resuscitation.Results: Student mean knowledge...
Weed Hosts for Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Their Potential Role in the Epidemiology of Iris Yellow Spot Virus in an Onion Ecosystem

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a key foliage-feeding pest of onion worldwide and the principal vector of a serious onion pathogen, Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Long-term management of T. tabaci and IYSV will require an understanding of T. tabaci ecology and IYSV epidemiology in onion ecosystems. This study focused on identifying winter-annual, biennial and perennial weed species that host both T. tabaci and IYSV. Unlike summer-annual weeds, weeds with these habits survive overwinter and could serve as a green bridge for IYSV to survive between onion-growing seasons. T. tabaci larvae and adults were sampled every two weeks from 69 weed species in five areas located adjacent to onion fields in western New York in 2008 and 2009. Twenty-five of the 69 weed species were identified as hosts for T. tabaci larvae and populations were highest on the Brassicaceous weeds, Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f., Sinapis arvensis L., and Thalspi arvense L. None of these species are hosts for IYSV. Four of the 25 weed species were hosts for both T. tabaci larval populations and IYSV: common burdock, Arctium minus Bernh., dandelion, Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, curly dock, Rumex crispus L., and chicory, Cichorium intybus L. Of these four weed species, T. officinale and A. minus may play an important role in the epidemiology of IYSV in New York onion fields because they may survive between onion-growing seasons, they are relatively abundant in the landscape, and they support relatively high densities of T. tabaci.
Neutrino oscillations: Measuring 13 including its sign

In neutrino phenomenology, terms in the oscillation probabilities linear in $\mathrm{sin}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$ lead naturally to the question ``How can one measure ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$ including its sign?'' Here we demonstrate analytically and with a simulation of neutrino data that ${\mathcal{P}}_{e\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\mathcal{P}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}$ at $L/E=2\ensuremath{\pi}/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{21}$ exhibit significant linear dependence on ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$ in the limit of vacuum oscillations. Measurements at this particular value of $L/E$ can thus determine not only ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$ but also its sign, if CP violation is small.
Paediatric anaesthesia : guest editorial

SAJAA continues to provide South African, and indeed all African, readers with articles relevant to paediatric anaesthesia and pain management. It is one of the few journals publishing case reports which, particularly in paediatric anaesthesia, are an extremely valuable communication, teaching and training resource. I am extremely proud and privileged to write an editorial on paediatric anaesthesia for this edition of SAJAA, which has been compiled to coincide with the 15th Paediatric Anaesthesia Conference of South Africa (PACSA), which will be held in Cape Town from 3-5 November 2011.
Acute and 8-hour effects of alcohol (0.08% BAC) on younger and older pilots' simulator performance.

This preliminary study examined the acute and 8-hour effects of alcohol at a target peak BAC of 0.08% on pilot performance. Fourteen younger (mean age 27.6 years) and fourteen older (mean age 60.3 years) pilots flew a Frasca 141 simulator in a scenario that included ATC communications and emergencies. Plots were tested during an alcohol and placebo condition at three timepoints: predrink, acute intoxication, and 8 h postdrink. Of eight performance measures, two showed statistically significant effects related to alcohol. First, cockpit monitoring was poorer when pilots were intoxicated, with recovery at 8 h. Second, younger pilots made more communication errors under the influence and there was no significant recovery at 8 h. Older pilots made more communication errors than younger pilots, but possibly because of methodological problems, older pilots' communication performance was not significantly impaired by alcohol. These results provide direction for future research. Language: en
The Biology of the American Cockroach

Although the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linn.), has been a pest in dwellings ever since the settlement of the American continent, very little has been done, especially in this country, on its biology. Most of the literature on this species deals with its habits and methods of control, its life history being treated in a very general way. Marlatt (1896) reported that the young hatching from a single capsule on July 11 at Washington reached maturity between March 14 and June 12 of the following year. Howard as late as 1912 says that nothing is known of the life history of the American cockroach and that it probably takes from four to five years for it to develop from the egg to the adult stage. The early references in European literature to the biology of roaches all deal with the German or the Oriental cockroach, but Fibinger (1919) reported that the eggs of the American cockroach hatch in about a month and a half and that it takes at least seven or eight months for the nymphs to mature. Fischer (1928), another German worker, reported in some detail on the development of this roach. She found that the eggs hatched in a month and a half; that the nymphs molted 10 times; and that under optimum temperatures (25°-30° C.) they reached maturity in four or five months, although some required 15 months. Sein (1923) says that in Puerto Rico the capsules are dropped the day after they are formed; that the incubation period is from 35 to 40 days; and the nymphs mature in 350 days. No one seems to have made observations on the number of eggs produced by a single female; the time between capsules; and the length of the adult life.
Modifications to Johanson's roll compaction model for improved relative density predictions

Abstract Johanson's roll compaction model [J.R. Johanson, A rolling theory for granular solids, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics E32 (1965) 842–848] is modified to improve its predictions of a compacted ribbon's relative density. Previous work has shown that the maximum roll pressure and ribbon relative density predicted by the Johanson model are not only larger than those predicted from finite element method (FEM) simulations, but also unphysical in some cases. This over-prediction is due to a one-dimensional flow assumption in the Johanson model. Real powder velocity profiles within a roll compactor are non-uniform. Johanson's analysis is modified in this work to include a mass correction factor to account for the improper one-dimensional flow assumption, similar to what was proposed by Bi et al. [M. Bi, F. Alvarez-Nunez, F. Alvarez, Evaluating and modifying Johanson's rolling model to improve its predictability, J Pharm Sci. 103 (2014) 2062–2071]. Unlike Bi et al.'s work, however, an empirical curve fit accounting for the mass correction factor's dependence on position is included in the current analysis. The fit has two fitting parameters, which can be determined from online measurements. Predictions of the average relative density at the minimum gap width from the modified Johanson model are compared to predictions from FEM models and the errors are found to be approximately 5% larger than the FEM predictions. The unmodified Johanson model over-predicts the FEM results by around 50%. Comparisons to published experimental data also show good agreement. This modified Johanson model can be used in control schemes to provide much better estimates of ribbon relative density in roll compaction operations.
The Design of Cyclical Redundancy Check Arithmetic Based on Parallel Data Input

In this paper,the principle of Cyclical Redundancy Check(CRC) is described.Furthermore,the CRC arithmetic with the parallel data input structure is described.It can be easily implemented by using VLSI. Also,in this paper,a CRC-6 module is designed and implemented by using VHDL as the example.The CRC module which is designed by using this method has high performance.
Development of a multiple target multi-spectral pyrometer

Based on the exhaust flame characteristics of solid rocket motors, a multiple target multi-spectral pyrometer was developed. The multi-spectral temperature measurement techniques and the pyrometer were introduced. The pyrometer can be used to measure simultaneously the exhaust flame temperatures of six targets positions, each of which has eight working wavelengths, and dynamic temperature measurement for axial and circumferential multiple targets of exhaust flames flow field can be carried out during the motor tests.
Food borne acute gastroenteritis disease burden survey among population of Jiangyin city in 2013

Objective Discuss the occurrence regularity,characteristics,economic and social burden of food-borne disease of acute gastrointestinal illness in Jiangyin city,to provide evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods Established 100 monitoring stations totally in the city,conducted household survey monthly,survey database is established,and analyzed according to time,place,pathogenic factors and situation of pathogenesis,medical,hospital with economic and social burden. Results Food- borne incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness is 0. 36 times / person years in Jiangyin city,reached to 576000 patients; outpatient rate was 58. 33%; Prone to the place of their own home,accounted for 36. 11%; Food with aquatic products was the highest of the causes,accounted for 22. 22%; The incidence rate of city was higher than rural areas( χ2= 19. 38,P 0. 05),there is no statistically significant differences between the gender( χ2=2. 26,P 0. 05),5- 9 years old group with high incidence rate,clinical symptom is given priority to with diarrhea and abdominal pain; High- risk time was October; The economic burden was 100. 1318 million Yuan for the city,caused absenteeism from work( class) 80600 days. Conclusions Food- borne incidence of acute gastrointestinal morbidity,outpatient rate,admission rates were all higher than other areas in China and other developed countries,morbidity,social and economic burden is still heavy,should establish and perfect the food- borne disease monitoring mechanism continuously,strengthen the study of disease burden.
A Peak Potassium Problem

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction (excretion) between a high-potassium salt substitute, spironolactone, and lisinopril.
Abstract 3892: Unique pleural vs peritoneal mesothelioma exosomal signature: does mesothelial cell susceptibility to asbestos matter

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a cancer of mesothelial cells of the pleura or peritoneum caused exclusively by asbestos exposure. It is a deadly cancer which is only diagnosed at terminal stages, possibly due to the long latency period of development and lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis. Both pleural and peritoneal mesothelial cells can develop MM in response to asbestos, however, pleural MM (85%) is more common than peritoneal MM (15%). To get an insight of this difference we first isolated exosomes from pleural (Hmeso, H2373) and peritoneal (ORT) MM cells and performed proteomic analysis. We found that 45 proteins are common and specific to MM cells derived from pleural cavity (Hmeso/H2373) while 86 proteins are specific to ORT cells lines derived from peritoneal cavity. On the other hand, the non-transformed mesothelial cell line, LP9, showed a completely different profile with 269 proteins secreted in exosomes not shared with MM models. This led us to hypothesize that mesothelial cells of two different locations may have different susceptibility to asbestos, accounting for differences observed in pleural and peritoneal MM. To test this hypothesis we exposed human primary pleural and peritoneal mesothelial cells to asbestos for 8 h, and performed massively parallel sequencing on the RNA. Gene expression analysis performed on the RNA-Seq data showed a higher magnitude of responses from pleural mesothelial cells as compared to peritoneal mesothelial cells for the same genes. In addition, at a p Citation Format: Arti Shukla, Phillip Munson, Joyce K. Thompson, Julie Dragon, Maximilian B. MacPherson, Hector Peinado. Unique pleural vs peritoneal mesothelioma exosomal signature: does mesothelial cell susceptibility to asbestos matter. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3892.
LearningRx Cognitive Training Effects in Children Ages 8-14: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

In a randomized controlled study, we examined the effects of a one-on-one cognitive training program on memory, visual and auditory processing, processing speed, reasoning, attention, and General Intellectual Ability (GIA) score for students ages 8-14. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group to complete 60 h of cognitive training or to a wait-list control group. The purpose of the study was to examine changes in multiple cognitive skills after completing cognitive training with ThinkRx, a LearningRx program. Results showed statistically significant differences between groups on all outcome measures except for attention. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are examined.
A Ruin in Slow Motion: The Case of Berlin

Miriam Paeslack examines photographs from Berlin’s Foundation Era after 1871 and the ‘post-Wall’ period after 1989. Drawing on the theoretical work of figures such as Henri Lefebvre and Roland Barthes, Paeslack concentrates on images of the most central site in Berlin, the Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik), and its dramatic transformation from former Hapsburg castle, to socialist Palace of the Republic, to the ongoing reconstruction of the castle that is projected to finish in 2018. Paeslack is especially concerned with how this site’s historic and emotional charge is manifested in, and generated by, photography, and she interrogates this post-conflict phenomenon as it relates to three moments in the history of the city: its foundation as Germany’s capital; becoming the capital of a new post-GDR Germany; and its contemporary negotiation of urban and national identity.
The Legacy of Modern Acting

Chapter 12 revisits one of the book’s central questions, how did Modern acting principles become invisible while Method acting became part of American popular culture? To answer this question, the chapter considers complications created by Strasberg’s self-proclaimed affiliation with Stanislavsky, and by changes in the performing arts business that affected Americans’ perceptions about actors and acting. It also explores the effects of the Cold War ideas that led Method acting to be associated with a certain (white, masculine, youthful) form of “American” vitality. To illuminate the overlooked legacy of the Modern acting strategies that coalesced in the 1930s and 1940s, the chapter identifies ways that contemporary actors use Modern acting techniques to create performances for a range of theatrical venues and a variety of screen formats.
Varicella with Delayed Hemiplegia

Acute hemiplegia developed seven weeks to four months after varicella infection in four children reported from the Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
Influence of mass transfer and electrolyte composition on anodic oxygen evolution in molten oxides

Abstract The electrochemistry of anodic oxygen evolution on iridium in silicate-containing molten oxides at 1570 °C was experimentally investigated using both direct and alternating current methods. Static and rotating electrode results show the presence of anodic reactions of iridium in addition to oxygen evolution. In the context of electrochemical engineering of molten oxide electrolysis, the results confirm prior theoretical calculations (Allanore, 2013) that suggested an essential role of convection and electrolyte composition on the ability to sustain oxygen evolution at high current densities. In addition, the reported results show that electrochemical measurements in molten oxides coupled with mass-transfer models are complementary characterization tools for oxygen chemistry.
White network in fibroepithelioma of Pinkus.

First described by Herman Pinkus in 1953 as a premalignant epithelial neoplasm from which a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may arise,1 fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (FEP) is viewed by most as a subtype of BCC,2, 3, 4 although some view it as a subtype of trichoblastoma.5 FEP classically appears clinically as a solitary skin-colored papule, most often on the lumbosacral region, having a benign appearance that is frequently misdiagnosed as a fibroma, dermal nevus, seborrheic keratosis, or even acrochordon. Histologically, FEP is characterized by anastomosing strands of basaloid epithelial cells embedded within a fibrous stroma. Frequently, FEPs are found in continuity with other histologic subtypes of BCC, such as nodular BCC.2, 3 Dermatoscopic structures observed in FEP include shiny white structures (also known as chrysalis or crystalline structures), fine arborizing vessels, milialike cysts, and ulceration.6 Herein, an additional dermatoscopic finding that may be more specific for FEP, namely, the white network, is reported in 2 cases.
Impact of static and dynamic visualization in improving object-oriented programming concepts

In computer science education, the programming environment is just as crucial as the classroom environment. Students must be provided with adequate tools for developing an understanding of computer science paradigms. These paradigms include object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. JavelinaCode is a web-based integrated development environment (IDE) for Java programming that provides students with both a static and dynamic visualization of code; the static structure of code at compile time and the dynamic execution of code at run time. The objective of this research is to present the differences between JavelinaCode and similar programming environment tools to demonstrate how JavelinaCode improves students' understanding of OOP concepts. Comparative analysis is conducted between JavelinaCode and programming environment tools, including BlueJ, Jeliot 3, AguiaJ, JIVE, and jGRASP. Each of these tools is evaluated on the basis of time constraints for download and installation, complexity of the download process and tool's interface, and the provision of static and dynamic visualizations. The results of the comparative analysis show that JavelinaCode provides students with a more effective tool for understanding OOP concepts than those considered. This is due to a simplified set up process and user interface and a better integrated set of visualizations. The combination of these factors contributes to a programming environment that emphasizes developing and running code.
Mitochondria in Neuroplasticity, Neurologic Disease and Aging.

Abstract Abstract SCI-2 Brain cells are influenced in health and disease by several types of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) that either reside in, or are recruited to, the brain. Microglia are macrophage-like cells that continuously surveil the brain, and respond to injury, infection or disease by endocytosing damaged/dead cells and microorganisms, and by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lymphocytes of various phenotypes enter the brain in large numbers in response to acute injury (stroke, severe epileptic seizures, trauma) or chronic disease (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease). While microglia and lymphocytes are best known for their adverse effects on neuronal function and survival in injury or disease (Arumugam et al., Nat Med. 2006; 12:621-3), recent findings suggest that these cells may also serve important beneficial roles in processes such as learning and memory (Ziv et al. Nat Neurosci. 2006; 9:268-75). Here I describe how BMDC can affect neuronal excitability and mitochondrial function in normal physiological settings and in disease states. We have found that low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is produced by microglia/macrophages and lymphocytes, can promote neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity by activating the transcription factor NF-kB to induce the expression of glutamate receptor subunits, mitochondrial SOD2 and Bcl2 (Mattson and Meffert, Cell Death Differ. 2006; 13:852-60). When bone marrow from TNF receptor-deficient mice was transplanted into irradiated wild type mice, neurons in the brain were more vulnerable to epileptic seizures, suggesting that TNF suppresses neuronal excitability (Guo et al., Neuromolecular Med. 2004; 5:219-34). In other studies we found that a mutation in presenilin-1 (PS1) that causes early-onset inherited Alzheimer's disease (AD) perturbs lymphocyte signaling (Morgan et al., Neuromolecular Med. 2007; 9:35-45). Splenic T cells isolated from PS1 mutant knockin mice respond poorly to proliferative signals and have downregulated cluster designation 3 and interleukin (IL)- 2-receptor expression necessary for a normal T-cell immune response. The adverse effect of mutant PS1 involves perturbed calcium regulation and cytokine signaling in lymphocytes, and associated sensitivity of lymphocytes to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that abnormalities in immune function might play roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, I describe very recent findings that suggest roles for toll-like receptor signaling in learning and memory processes, and in neuronal responses to energy deprivation (Tang et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104:13798-803). Emerging findings therefore suggest that both innate and humoral signaling from BMDC to neurons play interesting roles in regulating neuronal plasticity and energy metabolism in health and disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Health and Health Care Use Among Individuals at Risk to Lose Health Insurance With Repeal of the Affordable Care Act.

This study uses the Integrated Health Interview Series of the 2015 National Health Interview Survey to assess the health and health care use by individuals at risk of losing of losing health insurance with repeal of the Affordable Care Act.
Strategies Students With and Without Mathematics Disabilities Use When Estimating Fractions on Number Lines

We examined faulty strategies with possible underlying misconceptions, as well as execution mistakes, among middle schoolers with and without mathematics disabilities when estimating fractions on n...
Stimulated emission depletion microscopy with polarization-maintaining fiber

Sub-diffraction limited fluorescent images using a fiber-based stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope are reported. Both excitation and depletion beams are transported through polarization-maintaining fiber and a lateral resolution of 100nm has been achieved.
Analysis of telecommuting behavior and impacts on travel demand and the environment

Abstract The discussion of whether, and to what extent, telecommuting can curb congestion in urban areas has spanned more than three decades. This study develops an integrated framework to provide the empirical evidence of the potential impacts of home-based telecommuting on travel behavior, network congestion, and air quality. In the first step, we estimate a telecommuting adoption model using a zero-inflated hierarchical ordered probit model to determine the factors associated with workers’ propensity to adopt telecommuting. Second, we implement the estimated model in the POLARIS activity-based framework to simulate the potential changes in workers’ activity-travel patterns and network congestion. Third, the MOVES mobile source emission simulator and Autonomie vehicle energy simulator are used to estimate the potential changes in vehicular emissions and fuel use in the network as a result of this policy. Different policy adoption scenarios are then tested in the proposed integrated platform. We found that compared to the current baseline situation where almost 12% of workers in Chicago region have flexible working time schedule, in the case when 50% of workers have flexible working time, telecommuting can reduce total daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and vehicle hours traveled (VHT) up to 0.69% and 2.09%, respectively. Considering the same comparison settings, this policy has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas and particulate matter emissions by up to 0.71% and 1.14%, respectively. In summary, our results endorse the fact that telecommuting policy has the potential to reduce network congestion and vehicular emissions specifically during rush hours.
C11 Methionine PET (MET-PET) Imaging of Glioblastoma for Detecting Postoperative Residual Disease and Response to Chemoradiation Therapy

Purpose Response criteria of glioblastoma after chemoradiation do not account for metabolic changes that occur after treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with C11 methionine (MET) (MET-PET) for detecting changes that occur after chemoradiation therapy and the value of molecular biomarkers for predicting the magnitude of metabolic response. Methods and Materials Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing standard chemoradiation treatment were enrolled in this prospective imaging study, with MET-PET scan performed within 3 days after surgical resection and again at 4 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. Near contemporaneous contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 2 weeks of each MET-PET scan. MET-PET imaging was analyzed for maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), SUVmean, and SUVvolume on a multimodality workstation. Results A total of 18 patients underwent baseline postoperative MET-PET imaging, 14 of whom underwent postchemoradiation MET-PET imaging. Among those who showed residual MET-avid disease on immediate postoperative MET-PET scans and underwent postchemoradiation MET-PET imaging (n = 10), mean ΔSUVmax was –40% (range –100% to 0%), mean ΔSUVmean was –35% (range –100% to 0%), and mean ΔSUV volume was –64% (range –100% to 0%). The Δtumor/brain reference was –40% (range –100% to 0%) using SUVmax and –35% (range –100% to 0%) using SUVmean. In contrast, none of the T2-weighted images on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a >25% reduction in abnormal T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal on visual assessment. ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, and ΔSUVvolume correlated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status (P = .01), but not with epidermal growth factor receptor or c-MET amplification status. All patients were IDH-1 wildtype. Conclusions MET-PET scanning shows a significant decrease in metabolic signal at 1 month after chemoradiation compared with the immediate postoperative period, even when T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changed little. MGMT promoter methylation status further predicts differential metabolic responses. MET-PET may be a useful tool for delineation of radiation targets and assessment of response.
Testing the role of associative interference and compound cues in sequence memory

A major question facing computational models of human memory concerns the storage and retrieval of sequentially processed information. Many current models assume a chaining of associations. According to this view, each item, or memory pattern, is associated with the preceding item in the sequence. In reproducing the sequence, each recalled item serves as a retrieval cue for the next item. A serious problem facing these chaining models is their susceptibility to associative interference. This paper presents a novel experimental method designed to assess the effects of associative interference in the retrieval of ordered lists of items. Experimental findings presented here suggest that subjects use multiple prior items, as well as context, to overcome the effects of associative interference in list recall.
Ontogeny of the Fetal Membranes and Placenta

The mammalian placenta is usually defined as “an apposition or fusion of the fetal membranes to the uterine mucosa for physiological exchange” (Mossman, 1937), and this definition is equally true for the placenta established independently within several genera of reptiles. Mammalian placentation is initiated by the attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine endometrium and is terminated by the delivery of the newborn at the time of parturition. In spite of its relatively brief life-span during the ontogeny of the individual, the placenta is the most important and most physiologically complex organ during intrauterine development. During its life history it performs functions analogous to those of the lung, intestine, kidney, liver, and, in some species, it is involved in endocrine functions comparable to those of the pituitary and gonads.
Does Being Human Matter

Peter Smith’s target article, coming fast on the heels of Fagen’s (1981) monumental book on animal play, leaves the student of human play with a feeling of contented satiety, an impression that our ethological colleagues have finally wrapped up all the comparative information that has been accumulating over the past century, and thus made it readily accessible to scholars in related fields. Why is it then that gratitude for such painstaking synthesis produces a faint echo in the mind, a nagging voice that seems to say: “enough is enough?” Perhaps it is because perusal of the detailed facts about animal play, and attendant speculations about its functions, run the risk of confusing our understanding of human play, rather than bringing light to the subject. It certainly reminds this commentator of the truism that, for a psychologist, the only mistake that is worse than ignoring the evidence of comparative ethology is taking it too seriously.