cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insensitivity of the hippocampus to environmental stimulation during postnatal development.

Development of cortical sensory systems is influenced by environmental experience during “sensitive periods,” before onset of behavioral function. During these periods, synaptic plasticity is observed, and neuronal function shows increased responsiveness to environmental stimulation. Because the hippocampus is late to develop, and because it demonstrates synaptic plasticity before the onset of behavioral function, this experiment was designed to determine whether, like the sensory cortices, the hippocampus undergoes a period of enhanced responsiveness to the environment. Rats at three ages [postnatal day 16 (P16), P23, and P30] were tested on a hippocampally dependent task, spontaneous alternation, and exposed to a novel environment. They were then killed and processed for immunocytochemistry to Fos or for in vitro electrophysiology in hippocampal area CA1. Age-matched control subjects were killed immediately after removal from the home cage. Spontaneous alternation was only observed in the oldest (P30) animals. In these same animals, the environmental manipulation resulted in an increase in Fos-like immunoreactivity (FL-IR), relative to controls, and a decrease in the ability to induce long-term potentiation (LTP). In P16 and P23 animals, the environmental manipulation resulted in no differences in hippocampal FL-IR or LTP. These results suggest that, rather than showing increased responsiveness to the environment at these ages, the hippocampus is environmentally insensitive and that it is isolated from the effects of environmental stimuli. The hippocampus, a neural region important for higher cognitive function, may develop via a mechanism different from those observed in the primary sensory cortices.
Dialect Variation and Phonological Knowledge: Phonological Representations and Metalinguistic Awareness among Beginning Readers who Speak Nonmainstream American English.

Children's spoken nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialect use and their knowledge about phonological representations of word pronunciations were assessed in a sample of 105 children in kindergarten through second grade. Children were given expressive and receptive tasks with dialect-sensitive stimuli. Students who produced many NMAE features in speech nonetheless demonstrated considerable knowledge of "standard" English forms on the tasks, and their phonological representations were not deficient. In regression analyses, an inverse relationship between NMAE use and reading skill was observed, but mediated by phonological awareness. The findings are inconsistent with the view that print-speech mismatches interfere with young NMAE speakers' reading acquisition, and instead suggest that dialect variation among beginning readers reflects metalinguistic differences that influence reading acquisition.
3D segmentation of rodent brain structures using Active Volume Model with shape priors

Object boundary extraction is an important task in brain image analysis. Acquiring detailed 3D representations of the brain structures could improve the detection rate of diseases at earlier stages. Deformable model based segmentation methods have been widely used with considerable success. Recently, 3D Active Volume Model (AVM) was proposed, which incorporates both gradient and region information for robustness. However, the segmentation performance of this model depends on the position, size and shape of the initialization, especially for data with complex texture. Furthermore, there is no shape prior information integrated. In this paper, we present an approach combining AVM and Active Shape Model (ASM). Our method uses shape information from training data to constrain the deformation of AVM. Experiments have been made on the segmentation of complex structures of the rodent brain from MR images, and the proposed method performed better than the original AVM.
After the fall from grace: negotiation of new identities among HIV‐positive women in Peru

Despite increasing rates of HIV infection among heterosexual women in Peru, married women remain virtually invisible as a group at risk of HIV or requiring treatment. This study analyzed the intersections of HIV with machismo and marianismo, the dominant discourses in Latin America that prescribe gender roles for men and women. Data sources include recent literature on machismo and marianismo and interviews conducted with 14 HIV‐positive women in Lima, Peru. Findings indicate how the stigma associated with HIV constructs a discourse that restricts the identities of HIV‐positive women to those of ‘fallen women’ whether or not they adhere to social codes that shape and inform their identities as faithful wives and devoted mothers. Lack of public discourse concerning HIV‐positive marianas silences women as wives and disenfranchises them as mothers, leaving them little room to negotiate identities that allow them to maintain their respected social positions. Efforts must be aimed at expanding the discourse of...
Differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry between populations of a placental fish

Crosses between populations or species often display an asymmetry in the fitness of reciprocal F1 hybrids. This pattern, referred to as isolation asymmetry or Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's Rule, has been observed in taxa from plants to vertebrates, yet we still know little about which factors determine its magnitude and direction. Here, we show that differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry observed in crosses between populations of a placental fish, Heterandria formosa. In crosses between populations with differences in offspring size, high rates of hybrid inviability occur only when the mother is from a population characterized by small offspring. Crosses between populations that display similarly sized offspring, whether large or small, do not result in high levels of hybrid inviability in either direction. We suggest this asymmetric pattern of reproductive isolation is due to a disruption of parent-offspring coadaptation that emerges from selection for differently sized offspring in different populations.
The General Linear Model and Spatial Autoregressive Models

Specific instances of the general linear model (GLM) have already been implemented within spatial statistics. Griffith (1978) summarizes how to write the simple one- way ANOVA model in the presence of spatial autocorrelation, more recently extending this to N-way ANOVA and unbalanced designs [Griffith (1992b)]. This recent article highlights the need for more work on mixed and random effects unbalanced design models, which is the case in traditional statistics as well. Griffith (1979) describes how to write the one-way MANOVA model for geo-referenced data, more recently extending this to N-way MANOVA and unbalanced designs [Griffith (1992b)], too. His initial findings in this case are consistent with the perspective promoted by Haining (1991). Griffith (1989) has also outlined spatial Statistical two-groups discriminant function analysis and ANCO VA models [see also Anselin (1988), for a spatial econometric implementation of this latter model]. Other attempts along these lines are found in Switzer (1985), who has devised a spatial principal components analysis, Mardia (1988) and Griffith (1988), who have constructed multivariate geo-referenced data models, and Wartenberg (1985), who has formulated a cross-Moran Coefficient (cross-MC). And, Cressie and Hilterbrand (1993) have studied the problem of multivariate geo-statistics. What remains explicitly unaddressed is treatment of canonical correlation, and a spatial Statistical fc-groups discriminant function analysis model (which should relate to the eigenvectors of the aforementioned spatially adjusted MANOVA model).
Placental transfer of cephalothin.

Abstract Placental transmission of cephalothin was studied in 66 patients. For 300 minutes after injection of 1,000 mg. the relationship of serum concentrltion in micrograms per milliliter (y) 10 time in minutes (t) took the, exponential form y=C o s -k The initial concentration (C o ) had values of 30.2 and 12.5 µg per milliliter, for the mother and fetus, resputively. The loss constant (k) had a maternal value, of 0.0198 and a fetal valu. of 0.0111. The use of calculalted initial concentrations and the linear regression constants obtained for the change with time of the log of the maternal and fetal serum concentrations is discussed in relationship to the chemical structure of transmitted compounds. Movement of cephalothin out of the amniotic sac is described.
Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A systematic review

Abstract Objective Video electroencephalography (vEEG) is the gold-standard method for diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), but such assessment is expensive, unavailable in many centers, requires prolonged hospitalization, and many times is unable to capture an actual seizure episode. This paper systematically reviews other non-vEEG candidate biomarkers that may facilitate both diagnosis and study of PNES as differentiated from epileptic seizures (ES). Methods PubMed database was searched to identify articles between 1980 and 2015 (inclusion: adult PNES population with or without controls, English language; exclusion: review articles, meta-analyses, single case reports). Results A total of 49 studies were examined, including neuroimaging, autonomic nervous system, prolactin, other (non-prolactin) hormonal, enzyme, and miscellaneous marker studies. Functional MRI studies have shown PNES is hyperlinked with dissociation and emotional dysregulation centers in the brain, although conflicting findings are seen across studies and none used psychiatric comparators. Heart rate variability suggests increased vagal tone in PNES when compared to ES. Prolactin is elevated in ES but not PNES, although shows low diagnostic sensitivity. Postictal cortisol and creatine kinase are nonspecific. Other miscellaneous biomarkers (neuron specific enolase, brain derived neurotropic factor, ghrelin, leptin, leukocytosis) showed no conclusive evidence of utility. Many studies are limited by lack of psychiatric comparators, size, and other methodological issues. Conclusion No single biomarker successfully differentiates PNES from ES; in fact, PNES is only diagnosed via the negation of ES. Clinical assessment and rigorous investigation of psychosocial variables specific to PNES remain critical, and subtyping of PNES is warranted. Future investigational and clinical imperatives are discussed.
One size should not fit all, so use the right tool for the job

The 4/5+ criterion for heavy drinking has limited validity as an index of treatment efficacy, and use of continuous and multi-dimensional measures of outcome are recommended. The 4/5+ criterion continues to be a useful indicator of alcohol-related risk for screening and prevention.
Getting Better Coverage from the Tests We Have

Rather than inventing a methodology for each problem, we could improve our application of existing tests. New procedures mean additional test costs, with many factors contributing to these expenses: design time and resource requirements, sacrificed area, extra ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) hardware and software for each test variation, and so on. Can the proven methods simply be altered to enhance the results and reduce costs? At the very least, this approach has the potential to stimulate new ideas in testing.
Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of a Lone Pair−π Complex: Water–Hexafluorobenzene

The lone pair−π interaction between H2O and C6F6 was studied using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Co-deposition of H2O with C6F6 in a nitrogen matrix at 17 K followed by annealing to 30 K, results in the appearance of multiple new peaks in the infrared spectrum that are shifted from the H2O and C6F6 parent absorptions. These peaks only appear when both the H2O and C6F6 are present and have been assigned to distinct structures of a 1:1 H2O·C6F6 complex. Similar experiments were performed with D2O and HDO and the corresponding infrared peaks for the structures of the D2O·C6F6 and HDO·C6F6 complexes have also been observed. Theoretical calculations were performed for the H2O·C6F6 complex using the B3LYP, MP2, and CCSD(T) methods. Geometry optimizations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory located three structural minima, all of which involve the lone pair−π interaction between the H2O and the C6F6 ring, but with different relative orientatio...
Bacteriophage Therapy Effect of Bacteriophage on Cutaneous Staphylococcus Lesions in Rabbits

The value of the bacteriophage as a therapeutic agent has been investigated extensively both experimentally and clinically. In the attempt to utilize the highly potent homologous bacteriophage to control experimental mouse typhoid some years ago, one of us found that it did not influence the course of the experimental infection produced by feeding of B. pestis caviae to mice. These experiments indicated that the ineffectiveness of bacteriophage therapy was due to the failure on the part of the bacteriophage to destroy the susceptible bacteria and not to the production of phage resistant strains.1 Other investigators2 and particularly Topley, Wilson and Lewis3 also used bacteriophage in mouse typhoid caused by B. aertrycke and came to a similar conclusion. They found that the infected mice eliminated the organisms in the excreta even though bacteriophage was fed to them over a period of three months. Aside from the reports of successful application of bacteriophage therapy by d'Herelle4 in the hemorrhagic septicemia of buffalo (Barbone), and in typhoid of fowls, the reports of results of bacteriophage therapy in experimental infections have been uniformly disappointing.5 Although clinical success of bacteriophage therapy has been reported in such diseases as bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever, cystitis and pyelitis, plague and cholera, the pyogenic infections have received by far the most attention. A large number of clinicians used local applications of staphylococcus bacteriophage in the treatment of boils and related infections, Brynoghe and Maisin6 being apparently the first to have reported favorable
Analysis on detection of foodborne pathogen contamination of food in Huzhou in 2009

Objective:To understand the contamination status of foodborne pathogen in food in Huzhou for the sake of improving evaluation capability on food hygience.Methods: In 2008,121 samples of 4 kinds of food including raw meat,raw poultry,animal aquatic product and ready-to-eat food were collected from trade market and supermarket.According to the working guidance for national monitoring network of foodborne diseases,the pathogenic microorganisms of Salmonellae,Escherichia Coli O157:H7,Vibrio Parahemolyticus,Listeria Monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Campylobacter jejuniin and Laribacter hongkongensis were isolated from the food samples and identificated by ATB Microbiological System for further biochemical appraisal.Results: 33 strains of pathogens were isolated from 121 food samples,the total detection rate was 27.27%.Amony them,29 strains were Vibrio parahaemolyticus(the detection rate was 24.79%),3 strains were Listeria monocytogenes(the detection rate was 2.48%),1 strain were Salmonella(the detection rate was 0.08%).Conclusion: The contamination of foodborne pathogen in food in Huzhou will be the potential risk factors of foodborne disease outbreak and corresponding measures should be taken to improve food safety.
Study on quality control of determination of bifenthrin in vegetables by gas chromatography

Objective To evaluate the determination of bifenthrin in vegetables by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography using the precision-bias analysis quality control procedure.Method The sample was extracted with acetonitril.The extract was concentrated,cleaned up by PestiCarb/NH2 SPE column,eluted with miscible liquids of acetonitrile∶methylbenzene=3∶1 and measured by GC ECD detector and OV-1701 capillary column.Concentration of bifenthrin in blank solution,standard solution,simulation sample solution and simulation sample solution with standard was determined.Results The detectable concentration of bifenthrin by this method was 0.3μg/kg.The limit of quantification was 0.8μg/kg.The variation analysis of the four types of samples both intra-experimental and inter-experimental were FF0.05.Total standard deviation(St) was accepted.The accuracy rating confidence limit R/d was 0.98.Conclusion It was feasible for the determination of bifenthrin in vegetables by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography with the precision-bias analysis quality control procedure.
Simultaneous quantitation of oxidized and reduced glutathione via LC-MS/MS: An insight into the redox state of hematopoietic stem cells.

Cellular redox balance plays a significant role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cell (HSC/MPP) self-renewal and differentiation. Unregulated changes in cellular redox homeostasis are associated with the onset of most hematological disorders. However, accurate measurement of the redox state in stem cells is difficult because of the scarcity of HSC/MPPs. Glutathione (GSH) constitutes the most abundant pool of cellular antioxidants. Thus, GSH metabolism may play a critical role in hematological disease onset and progression. A major limitation to studying GSH metabolism in HSC/MPPs has been the inability to measure quantitatively GSH concentrations in small numbers of HSC/MPPs. Current methods used to measure GSH levels not only rely on large numbers of cells, but also rely on the chemical/structural modification or enzymatic recycling of GSH and therefore are likely to measure only total glutathione content accurately. Here, we describe the validation of a sensitive method used for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of both oxidized and reduced GSH via liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in HSC/MPPs isolated from bone marrow. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was determined to be 5.0 ng/mL for GSH and 1.0 ng/mL for GSSG with lower limits of detection at 0.5 ng/mL for both glutathione species. Standard addition analysis utilizing mouse bone marrow shows that this method is both sensitive and accurate with reproducible analyte recovery. This method combines a simple extraction with a platform for the high-throughput analysis, allows for efficient determination of GSH/GSSG concentrations within the HSC/MPP populations in mouse, chemotherapeutic treatment conditions within cell culture, and human normal/leukemia patient samples. The data implicate the importance of the modulation of GSH/GSSG redox couple in stem cells related diseases.
Outcomes with first-versus second-generation drug-eluting stents in coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs): A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting outcomes after first- and second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in chronic total occlusions (CTOs). BACKGROUND The effect of second- vs first-generation DESs on the outcomes after CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. METHODS As of May 2013, thirty-one published studies reported outcomes after DES implantation in CTOs: thirteen uncontrolled studies (3161 patients), three randomized (220 patients) and ten non-randomized (2150 patients) comparative studies with bare-metal stents (BMSs), and two non-randomized (685 patients) and three randomized (489 patients) comparative studies between first- and second-generation DESs. Data from the five studies comparing first with second-generation DESs were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models. RESULTS The median and mean duration of follow-up were 12 and 14.4 months, respectively. Compared to first-generation DESs, second-generation DESs were associated with lower incidence of death (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.15-0.91), target vessel revascularization (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.87), binary angiographic restenosis (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46-1.01) and reocclusion (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.71), but similar incidence of myocardial infarction (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10-1.95) and stent thrombosis (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.07-1.59). CONCLUSIONS Compared to first-generation DESs, second-generation DESs are associated with improved angiographic and clinical outcomes in CTO PCI and are the preferred stents for these challenging lesions.
Bradykinin-stimulated protein synthesis by myocytes is dependent on the MAP kinase pathway and p70S6K

Bradykinin (BK) has a direct hypertrophic effect on rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCM) as defined by an increase in protein synthesis and an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA and secret...
The Grand Affaire (1898)

There have been moments when one individual has reshaped destiny’s patterns. In mid-January 1898 the case of the bordereau was over. Dreyfus had been convicted and Esterhazy acquitted. Picquart was arrested, Scheurer-Kestner defeated. Then Zola — that deeply flawed egotist with his novelist’s sense of the dramatic — transformed the landscape. ‘Mr President’, he wrote to Faure in L’Aurore on 13 January, I accuse Lieutenant-Colonel du Paty de Clam of having been the diabolical agent of a judicial error… I accuse General Mercier of having made himself an accomplice… I accuse General Billot of having had in his hands absolute proof that Dreyfus was innocent and of having suppressed it… I accuse General Boisdeffre and General Gonse of making themselves accomplices to the same crime… I accuse General de Pellieux and Commandant Ravary of having conducted a villainous inquiry… I accuse the Ministry of War of having led an abominable press campaign… I accuse, finally, the first court martial of having violated the law by condemning a suspect on the basis of a document unknown to him, and I accuse the second court of having covered up this illegality under orders by committing in its turn the judicial crime of knowingly acquitting a guilty man.
Free choice is a form of dependence

This paper refutes the widespread view that disjunctions of imperatives invariably grant free choice between the actions named by their disjuncts. Like other disjunctions they can also express a correlation with some factual distinction (fact-dependent reading), but as with modalized declaratives used for non-assertive speech acts this needs to be indicated explicitly. A compositional analysis of one such indicator, depending on, constitutes the point of departure for a uniform analysis of disjunctions across clause types. Disjunctions are analyzed as sets of propositional alternatives that correlate with a partition that the speaker may or may not be able to indicate explicitly. Free choice arises as the specific case where the partition is induced by the preferences of the addressee (understood as necessarily consistent effective preferences/‘goals’).
Requirements engineering for safety critical systems: An approach for avionic systems

Safety critical software systems are defined to be those systems that should unanticipated failure occur, there could be the harm to life or property. All software life-cycle development methodologies place emphasis on the requirements elicitation and analysis, as this is the most crucial phase of the development life-cycle. This is because many system failures have their genesis at the point of requirements definition and analysis. Avionic software system development is an important and expanding area of work. There are universally established specifications for software development in avionics, which have been recently updated. The work that is presented in this paper, describes a research effort for defining a model-based software development life-cycle for avionic software system development that is based on a universally accepted specification standard, and focused on the requirements capture and modeling phase of the life-cycle.
Discovering Civilian Autonomy in Cundinamarca

I'm going to tell you a story/ about why my town cried/ It happened in the early morning/ disturbing a deep quiet/ The uniformed troops/ knocking as they could/ awakened many people/ according to them guerrillas/ They broke into homes/ of whom they never should have/ asking for papers/ along with the prosecutor/ hurting feelings/ and opening many wounds … We struggle to keep ourselves/ united in love/ and forget that the State/ scarred our heart/ May the experience we lived/ help us not falter/ We ask the God of all/ give us your grace and strength/ so Quipile won't cry/ and that way is reborn. – “The Day Quipile Cried” Berenice Cabra Jimenez Para adelante cuando unidos; solos jodidos. United we move ahead; alone, we're screwed. – Resident of Viani (V#1, Viani, 3/2009) If you head west from the Colombian capital of Bogota, just after dropping off the central plateau you will find a number of small, isolated, mountainous coffee-growing towns. In the 1990s, FARC guerrillas came to these towns, massing their forces as part of their strategy to eventually cordon off and lay siege to the capital. These towns were subjected to pressures and violence that many had not experienced since the bipartisan violence of the 1950s. No known formal civil society peace organizations emerged to respond to the conflict. Yet even in this region, could the variation in the social and organizational landscape have impacted how this new period of armed conflict would affect the civilian population? This chapter explores additional town cases in the department of Cundinamarca that were selected with the aid of universal data and statistical models (as discussed in Chapter 6). The cases are similar or “matched” on many of their characteristics except for differences in their historical densities of junta councils. The goal of this exercise is to further test theory as well as assess the accuracy of the statistical analysis. I compare here the neighboring rural towns between Bogota and the Magdalena River of Quipile (key-PEE-lay), which historically had a low number of junta councils, with Viani (vee-ah-NEE) and Bituima (bee-TWEE-mah), which together are similar in size and population to Quipile (and were historically the same county) but had many more juntas in 1985 relative to their populations.
Inertial Manifolds, Orbit Squeezing, and Attractors for Bipolar Flow in Unbounded Channels

In Chap. 5 we discussed, in considerable detail, the existence of maximal compact global attractors for bipolar and non-Newtonian flows associated with either (5.2a,b), (5.3a), ( 5.4), \(\Omega \subseteq {R}^{n}\), n = 2, 3, a bounded domain, or (5.2a,b), (5.3b), ( 5.4) where \(\Omega = {[0,L]}^{n}\), n = 2, 3, L> 0.
Functional Parcellation of the Default Mode Network: A Large-Scale Meta-Analysis

The default mode network (DMN) consists of multiple interacting regions, including the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), temporal parietal junction (TPJ), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Yet, it remains unclear how regions within the DMN contribute to distinct cognitive processes and mental disorders. We applied a meta-analytic approach within the Neurosynth database to determine which cognitive processes and mental disorders were primarily associated with the activity of the DMN regions. To assess how DMN regions coactivate with the whole brain, we generated meta-analytic coactivation profiles by identifying voxels with a greater probability of coactivating with each region than with other DMN regions. Based on these profiles, we clustered voxels within each region into separable subregions. Results revealed that DMN regions were involved with overlapping as well as distinct functional networks with the rest of the brain. To map between functional states (cognitive processes and mental disorders) and DMN regions, we trained classifiers to predict which studies activated a given region. We found that all DMN regions support multiple cognitive functions such as social, decision making, memory and awareness. We also found that each region was differentially recruited by distinct cognitive processes and mental disorders. Furthermore, we observed more fine-grained functional specialization among subregions within each of the DMN regions. Taken together, our results support two broad conclusions regarding DMN. First, DMN is associated with multiple psychological functions and mental disorders. Second, although some functions are common to all DMN nodes, other functions are preferentially associated with specific DMN nodes.
Economic Estimation of the Available Biomass following Logging Operations in Western Oregon and Washington

Abstract A two-step method was developed to estimate the economically available biomass from forest operations in the Pacific Northwest. Step 1 measures the amount of biomass in piles from a variety of logging operations. Step 2 applies logistics models to determine the amount of biomass that is recoverable by computing the extraction costs depending on the distance from the landing. Cable units included only the biomass piles located at the landings, while ground-based units computed the collection and transport of each pile to the most cost-effective landing using geographic information system and simulation tools. This approach was applied to operations on state and private timberlands in Oregon and Washington. For the cable logging units, the average pile size was 46.7 green tonnes of residue, and this material was either on or next to the roadside landing. It produced few large piles with an average of 24.75 green tonnes per ha. For ground-based operations, approximately 54 percent of the residue in ...
Sleep habits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Variability in sleep duration linked with glycemic control.

OBJECTIVE To describe adolescents' sleep on school and weekend nights using multiple methods and to examine the links between sleep variability, quality, and duration with diabetes indicators. METHODS Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 65, mean age = 15.0, 52.3% female, mean HbA1c = 8.9% or 74 mmol/mol) wore an actigraph and kept daily diaries recording sleep, activities, and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) habits for at least 7 days. Average daily BGM and blood glucose (BG) levels were obtained through glucometer downloads. HbA1c was obtained as part of clinic visits. Adolescents completed a sleep quality questionnaire (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]), and adolescents and caregivers reported on adherence to diabetes treatment. RESULTS Adolescents reported a mean PSQI global score of 5.37, which is above the clinical cutoff for poor sleep quality. Actigraphy data revealed that mean adolescent total sleep time was 6:54 (h:min), and participants slept more on weekend nights than on school nights (P < .001). Additionally, variability in sleep duration was significantly related to HbA1c, frequency of BGM, and average BG. Total sleep time and self-reported sleep quality were not significantly associated with adherence or glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Few adolescents with type 1 diabetes met recommendations for sleep duration, and many reported poor sleep quality. We identified significant associations between variability in sleep duration with poorer glycemic control and less frequent BGM, supporting the need to consider sleep patterns as a modifiable factor that may affect adherence and glycemic control.
Combined Arthroscopic-Open Repair of Meniscal Injuries

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the meniscus in knee joint function and its role in weight transmission [1], stability [2], and nourishment of the articular cartilage [3, 4]. Early reports of salvage of peripheral tears of the meniscus through suture repair have been encouraging [5-8]. Preservation of at least a peripheral rim of meniscus makes the knee more stable [9] and lessens the chance of developing early degenerative changes of the knee joint [10, 11]. Therefore, every effort should be made to save the meniscus when possible.
The Multidimensional Illness Severity Questionnaire: Preliminary evaluation of a brief parent-reported measure of illness severity.

Aim This study describes the reliability and concurrent validity of the Multidimensional Illness Severity Questionnaire (MISQ), a five-item measure for capturing parents' reports of their child's illness severity. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents of children participating in a paediatric research study (n = 20). We assessed parents' perceptions of illness severity using five measures: (i) the MISQ, (ii) the Lansky Play Performance scale, (iii) the Severity of Illness Scale, (iv) subscales of the Parent Experience of Child Illness and (v) general health. We calculated the internal reliability of the MISQ using Cronbach's alpha and assessed concurrent validity through correlations between scores on the MISQ and other measures. Results MISQ scores ranged from 6/21 to 17/21 (mean = 11.5). The MISQ had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.76) and correlated strongly with other measures. Conclusion Preliminary evaluation suggests that the MISQ is an easy-to-administer and internally consistent multidimensional assessment of parent-reported illness severity.
The Mental Health Impact of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and Florida.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Hurricane Maria on internalizing and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among Puerto Ricans who moved to Florida after the storm versus those who stayed on the island. Methods In March through April 2018 (6 months after Hurricane Maria), an online survey was used to assess the effects of the storm on mental health. A sample of 213 displaced Puerto Ricans living in urban and rural/suburban areas in Florida, as well as urban and rural areas of Puerto Rico, participated in the study. Results Rates of PTSD were high in both sites (Florida, 65.7%; Puerto Rico, 43.6%); however, participants in Florida were far more likely than those in Puerto Rico to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.67-5.26). Among participants in both Florida and Puerto Rico, those living in urban areas were more likely than those in rural/suburban areas to meet criteria for PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusions Results suggest that post-Hurricane Maria adjustment and adaptation may have been more psychologically taxing for Puerto Ricans who moved to Florida than it was for those who remained on the island, and more difficult for those in urban areas than it was for those in suburban or rural areas. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:24-27).
Modification of ovotransferrin by Maillard reaction: Consequences for structure, fibrillation and emulsifying property of fibrils

Abstract The present study first glucosylated and lactosylated ovotransferrin to acquire ovotransferrin–glucose conjugate (OGC) and ovotransferrin–lactose conjugate (OLC), respectively. Thioflavin T fluorescence result indicated that glycation could suppress fibrillation of ovotransferrin, and glucosylation exerted stronger inhibitory influence on fibril formation than lactosylation. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the major building blocks of OVTC fibrils, OGC fibrils and OLC fibrils were peptides, and building blocks of OGC fibrils and OLC fibrils had slightly larger molecular weight than those of OVTC fibrils. Morphology of ovotransferrin fibrils with covalent bound saccharides was closely related to type of saccharides. Both rigid and flexible fibrils were observed in OVTC fibrils and OLC fibrils, and an absence of rigid fibrils was observed in OGC fibrils. Afterwards, emulsibility of all fibrils was tested. Covalent bound saccharides weakened emulsifying property of ovotransferrin fibrils. Droplet size and rheological properties of emulsions stabilized by ovotransferrin fibrils with covalent bound saccharides were dependent on nature of saccharides. For emulsions at fixed fibril concentration of 4 wt% and oil fraction of 0.65, droplet size followed the order: OGC fibrils-stabilized emulsions > OLC fibrils-stabilized emulsions > OVTC fibrils-stabilized emulsions. Among all emulsions, emulsions stabilized by OGC fibrils had the lowest viscosity and storage modulus.
Changes in suicidal ideation following cognitive processing therapy in a VA residential treatment program

In 2015, suicide accounted for over 44,000 deaths and was the 10th leading cause of mortality in the US. Although Veterans, in general, are at a high risk for suicide, Veterans with Posttraumatic S...
LPS: A Local Positioning System for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Robot-Robot Teams, Robot-Human Teams, and Swarms

Traditionally, localization systems for formation-keeping have required external references to a world frame, such as GPS or motion capture. Humans wishing to maintain formations with each other use visual line-of-sight, which is not possible in cluttered environments that may block their view. Our Local Positioning System (LPS) is based on ultra-wideband ranging devices and it enables teams of robots and humans to know their relative locations without line-of-sight. We demonstrate experimental results of our system by comparing it to a Vicon ground-truth system and by demonstrating that it is suitable for real-time use by allowing teams of robots to maintain formations with other robots and humans.
A 10-MHz BW 77.9 dB SNDR DT MASH $\Delta\!\Sigma$ ADC With NC-VCO-Based Quantizer and OPAMP Sharing

This paper presents a power efficient discrete-time (DT) multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) delta–sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in $0.18~\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process for wide band applications. A noise-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based quantizer is used to achieve second or higher order of noise shaping. This structure is power and area efficient as well as simple to implement, since it consists mostly of digital blocks. A 2–2 MASH modulator has been implemented by employing the NC-VCO-based quantizer as the second stage. This helps to overcome the VCO nonlinearity issue, since it only processes the quantization error of the first stage, and improve the dynamic range (DR). The first stage is implemented as a second-order modulator in modified feedback (CIFB) architecture. It consists of two integrators and a 4-bit quantizer. For enhanced power efficiency, opamp sharing is used between the second integrator of the first stage and the adder of second stage. The adder is used to extract the quantization error and also to implement the second stage. The prototype ADC achieves a peak SNDR and SNR of 77.9 and 79.1 dB, respectively, over a 10-MHz bandwidth with a 160-MHz sampling rate. The total power consumption including output buffers, is 19.6 mW from 1.8 V/1.5 V supplies, resulting in Walden and Schreier figures-of-merit of 152 fJ/Conv and 168 dB, respectively.
TuA2.1 - Nanowire and Superlattice Mid-Infrared Emitters on Silicon (Invited)

We present 6.1 A mid-infrared superlattice light emitters on (100) Si that outperform those on GaSb, and mid-infrared (wurzite) nanowires grown on (111) Si with favorable emitter characteristics, including Auger coefficients an order of magnitude smaller than comparable planar (zinc blende) materials.
The Short-Side Advantage in Random Matching Markets.

A breakthrough of Ashlagi, Kanoria, and Leshno [AKL17] found that imbalance in the number of agents on either side of a random matching market has a profound effect on the market's expected characteristics. Specifically, across all stable matchings, the "long side" (i.e. the side with a greater number of agents) receives significantly worse matches in expectation than the short side. Intuitively, this occurs because an agent on the long side is essentially unneeded to create a stable matching -- a matching could form almost as easily without them. Thus, an agent on the long side has very little market power, and must settle for a match which is not much better than a random assignment. We provide a new and simpler proof for a result of [AKL17] which formalizes this intuition.
Tigers are bound and monkeys are free: A comparative study of state-owned and township/village-owned enterprises in China

Why is it that the shape and success of economic reform have varied across different industrial enterprises in China since the late 1970s? Why have collectively-owned enterprises, especially township/village-owned enterprises, developed rapidly while state-owned enterprises have suffered severe troubles in the past decade? By combining sociological theories of organization and the new institutional economics, the present study argues that changing institutional arrangements for industrial enterprises is the key factor in explaining the differences between state-owned and township/village-owned enterprises. This study is based on governmental policy documents and a nationwide survey data set on industrial enterprises that spans different regions, ownership structures, and management systems in China (750 industrial enterprises). The purpose of the study is to evaluate how governmental policies as the institutional environment affect management systems in Chinese industrial enterprises. This research not only extends knowledge of the relationship between environments and organizations, but also has significant policy implications.
Focal Cryoablation of the Prostate Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Ultrasound Fusion Technique

Introduction: Focal therapy of prostate cancer aims to destroy known cancer while preserving uninvolved prostatic tissue with the goal of preserving genitourinary function.1,2 Previous methods of f...
Green's function formulation of conductivity of anisotropic two-dimensional materials containing metallic inclusions: Application to phosphorene

Abstract A semi-analytical expression is presented for the effective thermal/electrical conductivity of two-dimensional anisotropic host solids, such as phosphorene, containing a metallic inclusion of arbitrary shape and size. The expression is derived by using a new, computationally efficient representation of the Green's function for the steady-state Laplace/Poisson equation. The representation is based upon a semi-discrete model of the solid, which yields an analytical formula for the Green's function in terms of its partial Fourier transform. The method is tested by comparing the results with the known exact results for effective conductivity in the limit of an isotropic host and low concentration of elliptic inclusions of different eccentricities and orientations and a square shaped inclusion. The calculated values are found to be in excellent agreement with the exact values. Numerical results are presented for (i) isotropic hosts each containing an elliptic inclusion at different inclinations, and (ii) phosphorene and two other hosts (one anisotropic, one isotropic), each containing a square shaped inclusion. The effective conductivity should be useful as a single parameter for design and characterization of two-dimensional composites.
Prospect of using Grover's search in the noisy-intermediate-scale quantum-computer era

In order to understand the bounds of utilization of Grover's search algorithm for large unstructured data in the presence of quantum computer noise, we undertake a series of simulations by inflicting various types of noise, modeled by the IBM qiskit. We apply three forms of Grover's algorithm: (i) the standard one, with 4--10 qubits; (ii) a recently published modified Grover's algorithm, set to reduce the circuit depth; and (iii) the algorithms in (i) and (ii) with multicontrol Toffoli's gates modified by the addition of an ancilla qubit. Based on these simulations, we find the upper bound of noise for these cases, establish its dependence on the quantum depth of the circuit, and provide comparison among them. By extrapolation of the fitted thresholds, we predict what would be the typical gate error bounds when applying Grover's algorithms for the search of data in a data set as large as 32 000.
Surfing the Conflux: Technology, Information Environments and Great Power Competition Convergence

The convergence of technology, information environments and great power competition define today’s operating environment. Enabled by technology, the sources, speed and scale of change demand agility. To succeed, national security and defense challenges can leverage several arbitrage opportunities: a broader consideration of human behavior, deeper knowledge of complexity dynamics, smarter understanding of others’ cognitive bias as well as our own and finally sharper operating environment capabilities. These also necessitate maneuvering the underlying conflux of increasing connectivity, complexity and uncertainty across most human behavior to master operational art. Capitalizing on transformational computing power, big data, AI and computational social sciences are keys to preparing for alternative futures for our defense and security.
H32, a new non-quinone vitamin K sulfone analog, inhibits tumor cell growth by MAPK activation

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3794 We previously synthesized several K vitamin derivatives, which are potent growth inhibitors of human tumor cells, including Hep3B hepatoma cell line. Among these, Cpd 5 or [2-(2-mercaptoethanol)-3-mehyl-1,4-naphthoquinone] was the most potent (IC50= 6 μM). However, Cpd 5 is a quinone derivative and thus has the potential for generating toxic reactive oxygen species. We therefore synthesized a series of non-quinone sulfone analogs of vitamin K and compared their growth inhibitory activity on Hep3B cells. Among these, H32 was found to be the most potent (IC50= 5 μM). H32 also inhibited growth of several other human tumor cell lines, including melanoma and breast carcinoma. Interestingly, it was markedly less potent in inhibiting DNA synthesis of normal rat hepatocytes with an IC50 of 15 μM. The thiol-antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine antagonized H32-mediated growth inhibition, whereas the non-thiol-antioxidants catalase and superoxide dismutase did not. H32 preferentially inhibited the activity of the dual specific cell cycle phosphatase Cdc25A both in Hep3B hepatoma cells and in cell-free systems, likely by binding to the enzyme catalytic cysteine. It also induced prolonged phosphorylation of the MAPK proteins ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38. Furthermore, inhibitors of MAPK phosphorylation, including U0126, JNKI-II, and SB203580 antagonized H32-mediated growth inhibition. Cytosolic ERK phosphatase activity was inhibited by the action of H32. Thus, the non-quinone sufone vitamin K derivative H32 differentially inhibited growth of normal and neoplastic cells by inducing prolonged ERK phosphorylation, likely as a result of inhibition of cellular ERK phosphatase(s) action. This is an attractive model compound due to its selectivity of action and non-quinone nature.