cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonmedical drug use among stimulant-using adults in small towns in rural Ohio

This study describes the drug-use practices and treatment histories of 249 not-in-treatment, drug-using individuals living in small towns in rural Ohio. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit participants who answered questionnaires administered by interviewers. Descriptive statistics and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to examine the data. The illicit drugs most commonly used in the 6 months before entering the study were marijuana (89.6%), cocaine hydrochloride (80.3%), and crack cocaine (76.3%). Injection drug use was not uncommon. About a third of the sample experienced drunkenness frequently. Less than 14% had been in substance abuse treatment recently. LCA revealed two groups: (1) heavy users of virtually all drug classes and (2) moderate-to-light users of fewer drug classes. White and younger people were more likely to be classified in the heavy user group. The results suggest that comprehensive substance abuse prevention and treatment programs are needed in rural communities.
Posttranscription initiation control of tryptophan metabolism in Bacillus subtilis by the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), anti-TRAP, and RNA structure.

Organisms utilize a wide range of regulatory mechanisms to control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow
The relative impact of workplace design on training transfer

The study investigated worker perceptions of the relative impact of workplace design on training transfer. Although HRD research recognizes the influence of organizational context on worker ability and opportunity to transfer, the physical environment has been overlooked. This study applied environment and behavior research to human resource development needs in an examination of workplace design. Taking an ethnographic approach, the study found cumulative frequencies for elicited responses about organizational factors were highest for workplace design perceived to impede transfer and second highest for workplace design perceived to facilitate transfer. Further, of the individual attributes per organizational factor, workplace design features that did not support privacy needs were elicited most often as impeding transfer.
Openness predicts cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder

Abstract Objectives Openness to experience (O) is a well-established personality factor and is associated with cognitive performance. Little is known about the personality-cognitive relationship in bipolar disorder, an illness with significant variability in mood. Cognitive evaluation is essential in psychopathology assessment as it may reflect underlying disease processes and psychosocial functional capacity. Screening using a proxy personality variable may identify those in need of comprehensive cognitive testing. We hypothesized that O and measures of cognition would associate in both the Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy control (HC) samples, whereas neuroticism and extraversion would correlate with cognition only in the BD sample. Methods Data from a longitudinal study of BD were used to study the association between personality factors and cognitive measures of attention, executive functioning, memory and fine motor skills. Regression analyses were used to determine the variables that account for the association between personality and cognition. Results Aspects of O explained significant cognitive variance (~5%) in both groups; this persisted when demographic variables (including BD versus HC status) were considered. Neuroticism and extraversion did not consistently correlate with cognitive performance in either group. Limitations There were more females in the HC group who were slightly younger compared to the BD group. We lack direct measures of positive affect, and there is a reliance on a single measure of personality. Conclusions BD Individuals scoring low on self-reported Openness are potential candidates for more comprehensive cognitive assessments (which represent a limited resource).
Adding Angle of Arrival Modality to Basic RSS Location Management Techniques

In this paper, we describe a radio-based localization approach that is based on the use of rotating directional antennas and a Bayesian network that combines both angle-of-arrival (AoA) and received signal strength (RSS). After describing our network, we extensively characterize the accuracy of our approach under a variety of measured signal distortion types. Next, using a combination of synthetic and trace-driven experiments, we show the impact of different signal distortions on localization performance. We found the use of directional antennas was effective at averaging out multi-path effects in indoor environments, which helped reduce the amount of training data required compared to previous approaches.
Coverage of a Planar Point Set with Multiple Constrained Robots

An important problem that arises in many applications is: given k robots with known processing footprint to process a set of N points in the plane, find trajectories for each robot satisfying the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic constraints such that the time required to cover the points (processing time plus travel time) is minimized. This problem is a hybrid discrete-continuous optimization problem and is hard to solve optimally even for k = 1. One approach is to treat this as a two stage problem where the first stage is to find the best possible path satisfying the geometric constraints and then convert it into a trajectory satisfying the differential constraints. In this paper, we consider an industrial microelectronics manufacturing system of k(= 2) robots, with square footprints, that are constrained to translate along a line while satisfying proximity constraints. The points lie on a planar base plate that can translate along the plane normal to the direction of motion of the robots. We solve the geometric problem of path generation for the robots using a two step approach that yields a suboptimal solution: 1) minimize the number of k-tuples subject to geometric constraints. 2) Solve a traveling salesman problem (TSP) in the k-tuple space with an appropriately defined metric to minimize the total travel cost. We show that for k = 2, step 1 can be converted to a maximum cardinality matching problem on a graph and solved optimally in polynomial time. The matching algorithm takes 0(N3) time in general and is too slow for large datasets. Therefore, we also provide a greedy algorithm for step 1 that takes 0(N log N) time. We provide computational results comparing the two approaches and show that the greedy algorithm is very close to the optimal solution for large datasets. We also provide local search based heuristics to improve the TSP tour in the pair space and give preliminary implementation results showing an improvement of 1% to 2% in the resultant tour.
Improving machine virtualisation with 'hotplug memory'

Machine virtualisation is a key technology for server consolidation and on-demand server provisioning. To support this trend, it is essential to improve the performance of virtualisation software and enable the efficient running of many virtual machines. We present a virtualisation system that can dynamically extend the real memory of its guest virtual machines. We describe an implementation of dynamic memory extension for Linux guests running on the IBM zVM virtualisation environment. Our implementation utilises device drivers for accessing dynamic memory extensions. We show that this capability can improve utilisation and performance of the Linux guests in our virtualisation environment.
Clocks, Not Dartboards: A Tale of Students, Statistics, and the Pedagogical Challenges of Randomness

W hat is the probability of students cheating? I found myself asking this question quite literally recently, when 10 of my students in an upper-level undergraduate methods course turned in identical results for a take-home exercise. Of course, on some exercises I expect students to pro duce identical findings, such as when I ask for the mean and variance of a par ticular variable. In this case, however, I had asked students to produce a new ran dom variable and to summarize its val ues in a frequency distribution. My initial reaction was to suspect the stu dents of collaborating on the exercise (contrary to my syllabus and the as signment's instructions), though the num ber of students who produced identical results-10 out of a class of 30-made me skeptical that so many students could conspire so effectively. The very nature of the students made it unlikely that they collaborated together. I teach at a large public-service university, with students that represent a broad variety of back grounds, nationalities, interests, and ages. The course also is cross-listed among disciplines, so the 10 students included both political science and geography ma jors. My review of the names of the 10 students persuaded me that it was highly unlikely that they cheated. I have found, furthermore, that many students will not voluntarily work in groups. So how did this diverse group of students produce an identical "random" variable? My investigation of this question took me well beyond issues of student con duct. To answer the question to my satis faction, I found I had to understand how campus computer networks operate and ultimately how the statistical software my students use works. My journey took me into the arcane world of "random" numbers in computers, and required me to understand how statistical software generates so-called pseudo-random num bers. When I finally found an answer to my puzzle, I learned that the problem was not with my students, but with the software on which we all rely for re search and, increasingly, pedagogy. Many researchers today know there is no such thing as a computer-generated truly ran dom number. Although many political scientists know this has profound conse quences for their work-whether for sampling purposes or Monte Carlo experiments-to my knowledge instruc tors of quantitative methods courses have given little thought to its implications in the classroom. For one, it is easy and tempting to mistake the problems of pseudo-random number generation for student malfeasance. For another, it speaks to the students' (and instructor's) conceptual grasp of the slippery idea of "randomness." For this reason, I offer my own experience as a cautionary tale.
Fabrication of a Short-Period ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Superconducting Undulator

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory develops high-field Nb3Sn magnets for HEP applications. In the past few years, this experience has been extended to the design and fabrication of undulator magnets. Some undulator applications require devices that can operate in the presence of a heat load from a beam. The use of Nb3Sn permits operation of a device at both a marginally higher temperature (5-8 K) and a higher Jc, compared to NbTi devices, without requiring a larger magnetic gap. A half-undulator device consisting of 6 periods (12 coil packs) of 14.5 mm period was designed, wound, reacted, potted and tested. It reached the short sample current limit of 717 A in 4 quenches. The non-Cu Jc of the strand was over 7,600 A /mm2 and the Cu current density at quench was over 8,000 A/mm2 . Magnetic field models show that if a complete device was fabricated with the same parameters one could obtain beam fields of 1.1 T and 1.6 T for pole gaps of 8 mm and 6 mm, respectively.
Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Blue-Green Algae on Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6J mice

Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term supplementation of two blue-green algae (BGA) species, i.e., Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kutzing (NO) and Spirulina platensis (SP), on lipid metabolism in vivo. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an AIN-93G/M diet supplemented with 2.5 or 5% (wt/wt) NO or SP for 6 months. Mice fed NO and SP showed lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than control at certain months during 6 month experimental period. Both BGA supplementation for 6 months significantly increased hepatic TC contents whereas SP-fed groups had significantly less TG levels in the liver compared with control and NO groups. None of BGA-fed animals showed significantly different mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, while 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression was higher in NO groups than the other groups in the liver. Furthermore, NO supplementation increased the hepatic expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α, and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 but SP did not elicit any significant changes in mRNA levels of the genes compared with control. LDLR protein level was significantly higher in NO 2.5% and SP 5%, as compared to the control and NO 5% groups; while the level of fatty acid synthase protein in the liver was significantly higher in NO 5% and SP 5%, than that in the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term supplementation of NO and SP decreased plasma TC and TG concentrations. Therefore, supplementation of NO and SP may be potentially beneficial for preventing dyslipidemia-associated chronic diseases.
A 3-Bit 2.2V 3.08pJ/conversion-step 11GS/s flash ADC in a 0.12μm SiGe BiCMOS technology

A 3-bit ADC for X-band applications that can work at a sampling rate of 11 GS/s is presented in this paper. Current comparators are used to achieve the high sampling rate of 11 GHz at X-band. A 3-bit current-steering DAC is also designed for testing the high-speed ADC. The ADC-DAC RFIC is implemented in a 0.12 mum SiGe technology and occupies a core area of 1.0 x 0.8 mm2. The ADC can operate with a FOM of 3.08 pJ/conversion-step, consuming 0.22 W power with a 2.2 V power supply. It demonstrates a good performance at X-band sampling rate with the lowest power supply voltage, lowest power consumption, smallest core area and best FOM reported so far. The ADC-DAC RFIC is tested in a 44-pin CLLC package and achieves a peak SFDR of 28 dBc and a peak ENOB of 2.7 bits at 11 GS/s sampling rate.
Theory of femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman backscattering enhanced by quantum coherence for standoff detection of bacterial spores

Backscattered signal of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy can be an extremely useful tool for remote identification of airborne particles, provided the signal is sufficiently large. We formulate a semiclassical theory of nonlinear scattering to estimate the number of detectable photons from a bacterial spore at a distance. For the first time, the theory incorporates enhanced quantum coherence via femtosecond pulses and a nonlinear process into the classical scattering problem. Our result shows a large backscattered signal in the far field, using typical parameters of an anthrax spore with maximally prepared vibrational coherence. Using train pulses of 1 kHz of repetition rate each with energy of 10 mJ, we estimate that about ${10}^{7}$ photons can be detected by a 1 m diameter detector placed 1 km away from the spore in the backward scattering direction. The result shows the feasibility of developing a real time remote detection of hazardous microparticles in the atmosphere, particularly biopathogenic spores.
Optic nerve regeneration in goldfish under light deprivation

Regeneration following bilateral optic nerve crush was studied in groups of goldfish housed either on a standard diurnal cycle or under total light deprivation. Unoperated fish were included in each deprivation condition. Regeneration was only slightly delayed in the surgical group housed under light deprivation (68-81 days), compared to fish undergoing regeneration on the diurnal cycle (59-63 days). Visual capacity, as judged by days to meet criterion on a visual pattern discrimination task, was unrelated to deprivation condition, but significantly lessened in fish having regenerated optic nerves. These results are discussed in terms of visual acuity following optic nerve regeneration and mechanisms of axonal reconnection.
Where the wild things are : Primary level taxa in Israelite zoological thought

This paper examines Israel's system(s) of zoological classification in an effort to understand how the Israelites gave conceptual order to their inventory of animals. In particular, the paper examines the primary taxonomic level, which consists of the broad, inclusive taxa that are situated at the most general level of taxonomic discrimination (e.g. Animals → Land Animals/Aerial Animals/Aquatic Animals). The paper demonstrates that there are several primary legal divisions found in the textual record, including a twofold (Terrestrial Animals/Aquatic Animals), a threefold (Land Animals/Aerial Animals/Aquatic Animals), several fourfold (e.g. Land Animals/Two-legged Aerial Animals/Four-Legged Aerial Animals/Aquatic Animals), and several fivefold schemas (e.g. Domesticated Land Animals/High Carriage Wild Land Animals/Low Carriage Wild Land Animals/Aerial Animals/Aquatic Animals).
Suicidal behavior-related hospitalizations among pregnant women in the USA, 2006–2012

Suicide is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in many countries, but little is known about the epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior among pregnant women in the USA. We sought to examine trends and provide nationally representative estimates for suicidal behavior (including suicidal ideation and suicide and self-inflicted injury) among pregnant women from 2006 to 2012 in the USA. Pregnant women aged 12-55 years were identified through pregnancy- and delivery-related hospitalization records from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Suicidal behavior was identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Annual, nationwide estimates and trends were determined using discharge and hospital weights. The prevalence of suicidal ideation more than doubled from 2006 to 2012 (47.5 to 115.0 per 100,000 pregnancy- and delivery-related hospitalizations), whereas the prevalence of suicide and self-inflicted injury remained stable. Nearly 10 % of suicidal behavior occurred in the 12-18-year group, showing the highest prevalence per 100,000 pregnancy- and delivery-related hospitalizations (158.8 in 2006 and 308.7 in 2012) over the study period. For suicidal ideation, blacks had higher prevalence than whites; women in the lowest income quartile had the highest prevalence. Although the prevalence of suicidal behavior was higher among hospitalizations with depression diagnoses, more than 30 % of hospitalizations were for suicidal behavior without depression diagnoses. Our findings highlight the increasing burden and racial differences in suicidal ideation among US pregnant women. Targeted suicide prevention efforts are needed for high-risk pregnant women including teens, blacks, and low-income women.
Point Prevalence of Co-Occurring Behavioral Health Conditions and Associated Chronic Disease Burden Among Adolescents.

Objective To examine the point prevalence of behavioral health conditions (BHCs) and co-occurring chronic medical conditions among adolescents in an integrated health system. Method The sample consisted of adolescents in an integrated health care system diagnosed with at least 1 of the 5 most prevalent BHCs in 2014 (n = 30,643), and patients without a BHC matched on age, sex, and medical home facility (n = 30,643). Electronic health record data was used to identify all adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with at least 1 BHC diagnosis on their diagnosis list, which included current and pre-existing diagnoses from an outpatient (including psychiatry and chemical dependency specialty treatment), inpatient, or emergency department visit at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) facility between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. The odds of having general medical conditions and specific chronic diseases were compared between adolescents with and without BHCs. Results Among adolescents with at least 1 BHC in 2014, the 5 most common BHCs were: depressive disorders (42%), anxiety disorders (40%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHDs; 37%), substance use disorders (SUDs; 10%), and bipolar spectrum disorders (8%). Overall, patients with a BHC did not have higher odds of any medical comorbidity compared with non-BHC patients. However, compared to individuals without BHCs, adolescents with depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.08–1.26), anxiety (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20–1.41), and substance use (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.49) disorders had significantly higher odds of any medical comorbidities; individuals with ADHD and bipolar disorder did not differ from patients without BHCs. Conclusion BHCs were common and were associated with a disproportionately higher burden of chronic medical disease among adolescents in a large, private health care delivery system. As comorbidity can lead to elevated symptom burden, functional impairment, and treatment complexity, the study findings call for implementation of effective collaborative models of care for these patients.
Rapid diagnosis to rule out bacterial bloodstream infection in neonates

Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially in premature babies. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is essential to prevent severe and life-threatening complications. However, diagnosis is often difficult as the clinical manifestations of this condition are often subtle and can overlap with those of non-infectious conditions. As a result, clinicians frequently administer empiric antibiotics to symptomatic or “at risk” infants while waiting culture results, which are currently the gold standard to identify bloodstream infection. Prolonged and inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with various and well documented complications and adverse events. Therefore, it is mandatory not only to rapidly treat a suspected neonatal sepsis, but also to rule out the infection as soon as possible, in order to stop unnecessary antibiotics.
Making the vision and recommendations of the summit a reality

I hope you feel as I do that everyone in this room was part of something very important and special and that the consensus recommendations that we arrived at will help set the course for the future of ambulatory care pharmacy practice. In the days and weeks ahead, we all will be reflecting on the
The Case of the Missing Lottery Number

Bill Kaigh (williamk@math.utep.edu) is Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Texas at EI Paso. He has had other academic appointments at the University of Arizona, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, the University of lowa, Arizona State University, and Los Alamos National Laboratories. His research in probability theory and nonparametric statistics has produced several publications on Brownian motionals, quantile estimation, and goodness of fit. His consulting activities involve public opinion polling and marketing research, political analysis, and statistical support for iitigation including expert testimony.
Contributing Factors to the Continued Blurring of Evaluation and Research: Strategies for Moving Forward

Despite many studies devoted to the diff erent purposes of evaluation and research, purpose-method incongruence persists. Experimental research designs continue to be inappropriately used to evaluate programs for which suffi cient research evidence has accumulated. By using a case example the article highlights several contributing factors to purpose-method incongruence, including the control of the federal level evaluation agenda by researchers, confusion in terminology, and the credible evidence debate. Strategies for addressing these challenges are discussed.
A New Species of Stephanoma

In 1891, Delacroix (2) pointed out that S. strigosum is a parasite and that the sporodochium described earlier is the apothecium of the host fungus. He described two spore forms-large hyaline cuboid conidia of about 25-30 /, with hemispheric masses on each face of the cube and ovoid hyaline conidia on verticillate branches. The latter conidia were described by Tubaki (9) as globose to cuboid, hyaline, aleuriospores with 4 to several globose swellings protruding from the wall and with 1 truncate basal swelling, the point of attachment to the sporophore. The Verticillium stage has been reported by Tubaki (9), Diedicke (3), and Arnaud (1). In addition to S. strigosum, four other fungi have been assigned to Stephanoma. In 1909 Neger (6) described two Stephanoma-like fungi isolated from tree seeds; one, which he called Urocystis italica, resembled Mycogone Link., but differed in that it generally produced two pigmented cells next to one or two hyaline satellite cells. Saccardo (7) listed this species as Stephanoma italicurm (Sacc. & Spec.) Sacc
Initial study of neutral post-instruction responses on the Maryland Physics Expectation Survey

We may be missing important information by ignoring neutral responses on epistemological surveys such as the Maryland Physics Expectation Survey.
Effect of excitation amplitude on disturbance field of a transversely forced swirl flow and flame

High amplitude combustion instabilities are a destructive and increasingly pervasive problem in gas turbine combustors. Although much research has focused on measuring the characteristics of these instabilities, there are still many remaining questions about the fluidmechanic mechanisms that drive the flame oscillations. In particular, a variety of complex disturbance mechanisms arise during velocity-coupled instabilities excited by transverse acoustic modes. The resulting disturbance field has two components – the acoustic velocity fluctuation from both the incident transverse acoustic field and the excited longitudinal field near the nozzle, and the vortical velocity fluctuations arising from acoustic excitation of hydrodynamic instabilities in the flow. In this research, we look at the relative contribution of these two components as the amplitude of transverse excitation increases for a swirling flow and swirl-stabilized flame in a transverse forcing combustor that mimics the geometry of an annular combustor. Proper orthogonal decomposition is tested as a methodology for decomposing the velocity disturbance field and is used to understand the relative contributions of these two disturbance mechanisms.
The American Joint Replacement Registry and Arthroplasty Today.

Joint replacement registries have been in place in Europe and Australia for decades. This registry data have given researchers robust information to evaluate joint replacement volume, utilization patterns, and outcomes. In many instances, registries can also serve as a mechanism for implant surveillance and an early warning system for underperforming implants. As the US health care system evolves from a volume-based system to a value-based system, the role of registry data will become increasingly more important. The true value of a registry in this type of health care environment will allow for an evaluation of value, cost, comparative effectiveness, and patient reported outcomes. The American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) is a multistakeholder, independent nonprofit organization established by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 2009. AJRR has experiencedwide support across the orthopaedic community andas such as seen a rapid expansion in the number of participating hospitals and procedural volume reported. On concluding a pilot study in 2011, AJRR had 8 hospitals enrolled and approximately 13,000 procedures. In the latest annual report for 2014, these numbers had increased dramatically to 417 enrolled hospitals and over 225, 000 procedures in the registry. In addition, AJRR has been recognized for
Intrarenal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy in Experimental Renovascular Hypertension.

Background Renovascular hypertension (RVH) leads to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Intra-renal delivery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney function in porcine RVH, and the potent anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs may serve to blunt inflammatory mediators in the cardio-renal axis. However, their relative efficacy in attenuating cardiac injury and dysfunction remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the cardio-protective effect of EPCs and MSCs delivered into the stenotic-kidney in experimental RVH are comparable.
Experimental Studies Addressing Rigid Fixation in Craniofacial Surgery

The large clinical experience with plates and screws has made the surgeon aware of unpredicted biologic and clinical implications of these devices outside their ability to maintain bone position. This article presents recent experimental data on these issues, including potential growth alteration, effects on volume persistence of onlay grafts, artifacts produced during CT and MR imaging, and the potential for bioresorbable fixation systems.
A PEANO CURVE GENERATION ALGORITHM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an algorithm for Peano curve generation. The Peano curve is a fractal with integer-fractal dimension. This curve provides a continuous mapping from the integers to n -space, with the properties that all points in the domain are close in the range, and most points that are close in the range are close in the domain. Applications found include image compression, color quantization, and debugging for interactive four-dimensional rotation routines. The Butz's algorithm (1971) is implemented for generating an n -dimensional Peano curve to m bits of precision, that is, with 2 m segments per dimension, 2 mn segments total. It is based on bitwise Boolean operations. But the code's correct operation has been verified in two, three, and four dimensions. The chapter gives an example in two dimensions. The algorithm, but not its derivation, is described by Butz (1971).
Post-crisis Lessons for EME Capital Markets

The chapter presents policy lessons for the development of capital markets in emerging market economies (EMEs). It provides evidence on the link between sound macroeconomic fundamentals and capital market development based on the remarkable progress reached by EMEs in the pre-crisis period. The chapter shows how EME capital markets have been affected since the 2008 crisis and discusses the main common drivers with positive or negative impact on market deepening and the availability of long-term financing. The authors argue that the crisis brought significant challenges for the development of capital markets, requiring specific actions to consolidate government bond yield curves, to enhance the supply of domestic corporate debt, and to provide long-term financing for strategic sectors for growth such as small- and medium-sized enterprises, housing, and infrastructure.
On Psych Predicates

Sentences containing the predicates known as “psych verbs” or “experiencer verbs” are currently of interest to linguistic theory because of their ability to shed light on various subtheories of the grammar, particularly aspects of the theory of thematic roles and binding theory. It has long been observed that these sentences distribute thematic roles among surface grammatical relations in a seemingly idiosyncratic way. Recasting Postal’s (1971) analysis in more recent terminology, the surface subject of a psych predicate bears the thematic role theme, while some other NP in the sentence bears the role of (animate) experiencer of the predicate.
Péterfy, Gergely. 2014. Kitömött Barbár: regény [Stuffed Barbarian: a Novel]. Budapest: Kalligram. 448 pp.

Peterfy, Gergely. 2014. Kitomott Barbar: regeny [Stuffed Barbarian: a Novel]. Budapest: Kalligram. 448 pp.
John Barry: An American Hero in the Age of Sail. By Tim McGrath

Tim McGrath makes a strong argument that John Barry is a true, but forgotten,hero of this nation. Barry’s list of accomplishments is impressively long: a contender for the title “Father of the American Navy”;the commander whofought both the first and last successful engagements of the Continental navy;the skipper who logged the greatest distance in a twenty-four-hour period during the eighteenth century; George Washington’s favorite sailor, who served with the Continental army at the battle of Princeton; the individual who extralegally brought about Pennsylvania’s ratification of the Constitution; a merchant captain who helped establish American trade with China; and commander of one of two U.S. Navy squadrons who “won” the 1798 Quasi-War with France. Despite this impressive resume, Barry is barely remembered today and John Paul Jones is the American naval officer most associated with valor and accomplishment during the Revolutionary War. McGrath explains Barry’s obscurity by the fact that he was humble, laconic, and, in marked contrast to Jones, unwillingto promote himself or his achievements.
User fees displace low-income outdoor recreationists

Abstract The arguments for, or against, the use of user fees at outdoor recreation settings are often based upon philosophical, moral, and ethical grounds. Empirically-grounded research on the debate has been sparse. In this study, we report on a unique natural experiment comparing the incomes of individuals visiting very similar outdoor recreation settings which differ only in their requirement of a marginal user fee. Our comparison of the incomes of outdoor recreationists using the settings requiring a fee versus those that do not suggest user fees do play an important role in how low-income individuals choose outdoor recreation settings. Low-income outdoor recreationists tended to choose non-fee settings when they are available and if they support similar activities and opportunities as settings which require a fee. Low-income outdoor recreationists’ aversion of settings which require a fee is not a product of their inability to pay the fee, but rather a product of their unwillingness to pay the fee. Low-income outdoor recreationists reported traveling over three times as far to reach non-fee settings relative to comparable settings which require a fee. If user fees are being considered as a visitor management tool, land-use and outdoor recreation planners should not only expect a shift in the socioeconomic composition of visitors to the areas where the fee will be enforced, they should also anticipate displacement and increased use at nearby non-fee settings. Recreation managers should avoid requiring fees at all outdoor recreation settings within an area to ensure displacement does not become exclusion.
Cell-targeted inhibition of constitutively activated NF-κB using IkBα/scFvMEL fusion construct radiosensitizes human melanoma cells.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5176 Melanoma tumors and cell lines are relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation, thereby limiting the use of radiotherapy as a treatment modality. The activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the pathways responsible for the radioresistance of melanoma cells. New strategies for inhibiting NFκB may be useful in restoring the radioresponse of melanoma. Regulation of NF-κB is mainly controlled by the inhibitory IκB proteins, which include IκBα. Targeted delivery of IκBα protein using a melanoma- specific single-chain Fv antibody may specifically inhibit the nuclear translocation or function of NF-κB and sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. We generated a novel fusion construct composed of human IκBα fused to the single-chain anti-melanoma antibody scFvMEL (anti-gp240) via a short, flexible tether (G4S) using PCR construction. The fused gene was cloned into the pET32 vector and expressed in E. coli and purified by metal affinity chromatography. The His-tag was removed after digestion with thrombin. Two human metastatic melanoma cell lines, A375M (gp240-positive) and TXM-1 (gp240-negative), were used to examine the radiosensitizing effects of the fusion construct. Nuclear extracts from these cell lines were tested for active NF-κB using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The data demonstrated that NF-κB nuclear DNA binding is constitutively active in human melanoma cells and is enhanced by ionizing radiation. Cells treated with IkBα/scFvMEL at a concentration 0.3 μM for 2 hours prior to irradiation showed inhibition of both constitutive and radiation-induced NF-κB activity on gp240 antigen positive A375-M cells but not on gp240 antigen negative TXM-1 cells. Constitutive activation of NF-κB induces overexpression of its downstream targets such as bcl-2 and bcl-XL which may in turn mediate resistance to apoptosis induced by radiation. IkBα/scFvMEL fusion construct decreased the levels of bcl-2, bcl-XL only A375-M cells but not in TXM-1 cells. Clonogenic cell survival assays showed that pretreatment with IκBα/scFvMEL enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity on antigen positive A375-M cells with the survival factor being reduced from 50.2 ± 1.06 % in vehicle-treated cells to 35.4 ± 2.75 % in the fusion protein-treated cells at 2 Gy (p < 0.05) and from 19.8 ± 2.50 % in vehicle-treated cells to 7.4 ± 0.74 % in the fusion protein-treated cells at 4 Gy (p< 0.05). These studies demonstrate for the first time that tumor-cell targeted delivery of IκBα may be beneficial for the treatment of melanoma when combined with standard anticancer therapies such as radiation. In addition, this approach may also be utilized to specifically suppress NF-κB activity in other tumor models or in other disease states. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research.
The Duality of Construction

We explore the duality of construction and deconstruction in the presence of different evaluation strategies. We characterize an evaluation strategy by the notion of substitutability, given by defining what is a value and a co-value, and we present an equational theory that takes the strategy as a parameter. The theory may be extended with new logical connectives, in the form of user-defined data and co-data types, which are duals of one another. Finally, we explore a calculus with composite evaluation strategies that allow for more flexibility over evaluation order by mingling multiple primitive strategies within a single program.
Adaptive control of stochastic bilinear systems

The minimum variance control law for bilinear systems with known parameters is shown to yield in most cases controls with infinite variance; this calls into question the use of the so-called bilinear self-tuning regulators. An adaptive weighted minimum variance controller based upon the cost with weighted control efforts is suggested for first order bilinear systems and is shown to yield boundedness of the closed loop system variables under a certain condition on the parameter estimate.
Histopathological abnormalities in the central arteries and veins of Fontan subjects.

Objective Fontan circulations have obligatory venous hypertension, depressed cardiac output and abnormal arterial elastance. Ventriculovascular coupling is known to be abnormal, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. We aim to describe the histopathological features of vascular remodelling encountered in the central arteries and veins in the Fontan circulation as a possible underlying pathological representation of abnormal ventriculovascular coupling. Methods Postmortemvasculature (inferior vena cava (IVC), superior vena cava (SVC), pulmonary artery (PA), pulmonary vein (PV) and aorta) of 13 patients with a Fontan circulation (mean age 29.9 years, range 9.0–59.8 years) and 2 biventricular controls (ages 17.9 and 30.2 years) was examined. Results IVC and SVC: Eccentric and variable intimal fibromuscular proliferation occurred in 11 Fontan subjects. There was variable loss of medial smooth muscle bundles with reciprocal replacement with dense collagenous tissue. PA: Similar intimal fibromuscular proliferation was seen; however, these intimal changes were accompanied by medial thinning rather than expansion, medial myxoid degeneration and elastic alteration. PV: The PVs demonstrated intimal fibroproliferation and disorganisation of the muscular media. Aorta: The aortic lamina intima was thickened, with associated fibromuscular proliferation and elasticisation. There was also moderate lymphocytic inflammation in the aortic wall. Conclusions Vascular architectural remodelling is common in Fontan patients. The central veins demonstrate profound changes of eccentric intimal expansion and smooth muscle replacement with collagen. The pulmonary demonstrated abnormal intimal proliferation, and aortic remodelling was characterised by intima lamina thickening and a moderate degree of aortic wall inflammation.
Two Interventions for Patients with Major Depression and Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact on Dyspnea-Related Disability.

Objective The Personalized Intervention for Depressed Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PID-C) is an intervention aiming to help patients adhere to their rehabilitation and care. This study tested the hypothesis that the Problem-Solving Adherence (PSA) intervention, which integrates problem-solving into adherence enhancement procedures, reduces dyspnea-related disability more than PID-C. Exploratory analyses sought to identify patients with distinct dyspnea-related disability trajectories and to compare their clinical profiles. Methods In this randomized controlled trial in an acute inpatient rehabilitation and community, 101 participants diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and major depression were included after screening 633 consecutive admissions for acute inpatient rehabilitation. Participants underwent 14 sessions of PID-C versus PSA over 26 weeks using the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire. Results The study hypothesis was not supported. Exploratory latent class growth modeling identified two distinct disability trajectories. Dyspnea-related disability improved in 39% of patients and remained unchanged in the rest. Patients whose dyspnea-related disability improved had more severe disability and less sense of control over their condition at baseline. Conclusion Improvement or no worsening of disability was noted in both treatment groups. This is a favorable course for depressed patients with a severe, deteriorating medical illness. PID-C is compatible with the expertise of clinicians working in community-based rehabilitation programs, and after further testing in the community, it can be integrated in the care of depressed COPD patients.
Green leaf volatiles protect maize (Zea mays) seedlings against damage from cold stress

Although considerable evidence has accumulated on the defensive activity of plant volatile organic compounds against pathogens and insect herbivores, less is known about the significance of volatile organic compounds emitted by plants under abiotic stress. Here, we report that green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which were previously shown to prime plant defences against insect herbivore attack, also protect plants against cold stress (4 °C). We show that the expression levels of several cold stress-related genes are significantly up-regulated in maize (Zea mays) seedlings treated with physiological concentrations of the GLV, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate (Z-3-HAC), and that seedlings primed with Z-3-HAC exhibit increased growth and reduced damage after cold stress relative to unprimed seedlings. Together, these data demonstrate the protective and priming effect of GLVs against cold stress and suggest an activity of GLVs beyond the activation of typical plant defence responses against herbivores and pathogens.
Piper, Salem, and the Communal Demonic

The phenomenon of hypnotism shows that the idea of possession is a matter of both individual and social psychology. James comments on public performances of hypnotism, as well as the Salem Witch Trials. The idea of social suggestibility and the notorious Malleus Maleficarum are considered, showing James’ belief that the demonic is merely the stupid will of the Many acting as One in order to assert itself upon an individual. The focus here is on the particular characters that supposedly controlled medium Leonora Piper during her trances. James presents a curious hypothesis of demonic personality according to which the internal memories of a person can connect in some way with the lingering effects of that person on the objective world.
Relevance criteria identified by health information users during Web searches: Research Articles

This article focuses on the relevance judgments made by health information users who use the Web. Health information users were conceptualized as motivated information users concerned about how an environmental issue affects their health. Users identified their own environmental health interests and conducted a Web search of a particular environmental health Web site. Users were asked to identify (by highlighting with a mouse) the criteria they use to assess relevance in both Web search engine surrogates and full-text Web documents. Content analysis of document criteria highlighted by users identified the criteria these users relied on most often. Key criteria identified included (in order of frequency of appearance) research, topic, scope, data, influence, affiliation, Web characteristics, and authoritysperson. A power-law distribution of criteria was observed (a few criteria represented most of the highlighted regions, with a long tail of occasionally used criteria). Implications of this work are that information retrieval (IR) systems should be tailored in terms of users' tendencies to rely on certain document criteria, and that relevance research should combine methods to gather richer, contextualized data. Metadata for IR systems, such as that used in search engine surrogates, could be improved by taking into account actual usage of relevance criteria. Such metadata should be user-centered (based on data from users, as in this study) and context-appropriate (fit to users' situations and tasks) © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomedical Informatics: The Science and the Pragmatics

This chapter introduces the field of biomedical informatics, explaining that it addresses underlying scientific issues (basic research) while also having major applied goals and an opportunity to transform life science research, health, and health care in positive ways. It acknowledges that the full potential of the field has not yet been realized and points to some issues that remain for the discipline to address in the future. It also emphasizes the interplay between informatics and a wide variety of economic and social issues that characterize modern health care.
Technology CAD at Intel

This paper describes Technology CAD (TCAD) at Intel. The relative roles of TCAD and ECAD are clarified, followed by descriptions of where TCAD is currently applied at Intel. Following that, Intel’s TCAD system to support those applications is described, including its underlying design, architecture, and components. The paper ends with some remarks on future trends.
Painful Digital Ulcers in a Scleroderma Patient with Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is seen in over 95% of patients with SSc and is often the first symptom of the disease. Scleroderma vascular disease is secondary to an obliterative vasculopathy causing not only vasospasm but also structural disease of the involved vessels. Digital ulcers are representative of vascular involvement in scleroderma and occur in about 30–50% of patients with scleroderma. The primary goal in the management of RP is the prevention of digital ischemia through the use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures. In the setting of acute digital ischemia, rapid intervention using both treatment modalities is required. This case illustrates the problem of RP and digital ischemia and the approach to management.