cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Corporoglandular Shunting for Patients With First-time Ischemic Priapism

Abstract Objective To establish predictive factors of patients who failed intra-cavernosal injection therapy and ultimately required corporoglandular shunting during first-time ischemic priapism episodes. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients over the age of 18 who presented to our institution with first-time episode of ischemic priapism from 2009 to 2019. Variables assessed included: body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, race, insurance-type, hypertension, etiology, age, duration of erection prior to evaluation, total amount of phenylephrine injected, and use of corporal irrigation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed utilizing duration of erection and amount of phenylephrine. Results One-hundred and forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria of which 24 patients required surgical intervention. There were differences associated with mean total phenylephrine used, duration of erection between shunted patients and non–shunted patients with regards to age (P = .38) or etiology (P = .81). Multivariable analysis revealed differences between duration of erection and BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. ROC curve analyses revealed total amount of phenylephrine injected and duration of erection were acceptable and excellent predictors of need for shunt procedures with area under the curves of 0.72 and 0.90, respectively. Optimal cut-off values for each were found to be 950 mcg and 15.5 hours. Conclusion Our study suggests that patients who require greater than 950 mcg of total phenylephrine or present with erections lasting greater than 15.5 hours are significantly more likely to require corporoglandular shunting and should be counseled appropriately as such.
Epithelial and neutrophil interactions and coordinated response to Shigella in a human intestinal enteroid-neutrophil co-culture model

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are recruited to the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to infection. Herein, we report the development and the characterization of an ex vivo tissue co-culture model consisting of human intestinal enteroid monolayers and PMN, and a mechanistic interrogation of PMN-epithelial cell interaction and response to Shigella, a primary cause of childhood dysentery. Co-culture integration, barrier function, PMN phenotypic and functional attributes, and innate immune responses were examined. PMN within the enteroid monolayers acquired a distinct activated/migratory phenotype that was influenced by direct epithelial cell contact as well as by molecular signals. Seeded on the basal side of the intestinal monolayer, PMN intercalated within the epithelial cells and moved paracellularly toward the apical side. Co-cultured PMN also increased basal secretion of IL-8. Shigella added to the apical surface of the monolayers evoked additional PMN phenotypic adaptations, including increased expression of cell surface markers associated with chemotaxis and cell degranulation (CD47, CD66b and CD88). Shigella infection triggered rapid transmigration of PMN to the luminal side of monolayers resulting in phagocytosis and killing of organisms. Shigella infection modulated cytokine production in the co-culture; apical MCP-1, TNF-α, and basolateral IL-8 production were downregulated, while basolateral IL-6 secretion was increased. We demonstrate, for the first time, PMN phenotypic adaptation, mobilization, and coordinated epithelial cell-PMN innate response upon Shigella infection in the human intestinal environment. The epithelial cell-PMN co-culture represents a technical innovation for mechanistic interrogation of gastrointestinal physiology, host-microbe interaction, innate immunity, and evaluation of preventive/therapeutic tools.
Polyvinyl Alkyl Ethers

This article has no abstract. Keywords: polyvinyl alkyl ethers; trimethylsilyl vinyl ethers
2D EXSY 129Xe NMR: New possibilities for the study of structure and diffusion in microporous solids

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some new applications of 129 Xe NMR spectroscopy that use the dynamic properties of adsorbed xenon to learn about structure of pores, xenon exchange and diffusion. Exchange rates, obtained with 2D EXSY NMR techniques, are measured for diffusion paths with widely varying length scales as demonstrated for intraparticle exchange in Na Mordenite, and interparticle exchange in mixed NaX and NaY zeolites. The observation of distinct clusters of up to 8 xenon atoms in AgA zeolite and intercluster exchange has given information on the location of silver ions and residual water. The observation of anisotropic chemical shifts in sieves, such as ALPO- 11, ALPO-5, ALPO-8, VPI-5, SSZ-24 and ZSM- 12, along with 2D-EXSY NMR data, has allowed modeling of the distribution of xenon atoms in these low-dimensional pore systems. The model systems chosen to illustrate the effects of xenon exchange on microscopic and macroscopic scales were Na-Mordenite and mixtures of NaX and NaY zeolites. AgA zeolite provides an example of a system with very slow xenon exchange. 1D spectra show distinct populations of xenon clusters in different cages.
HEART BLOCK TREATED WITH AN IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER. PAST EXPERIENCE AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS.

Summary Clinical experience to date indicates that heart block can be successfully treated on a long-term basis with the aid of implanted, or partially implanted, electronic prostheses. This approach has achieved complete rehabilitation of severely disable and endangered patients and has radically improved the prognosis of this condition. Early difficulties, mostly directly or indirectly related to structural breakdown of the electrodes, have been greatly reduced by improvements in electrode and pacemaker design. The preoperative use of an endocardiac catheter electrode has been of great value and has placed the insertion of the implantable pacemaker on an entirely elective basis.
Mind–Body Dualism

‘Suffering’, ‘remembering’, ‘weighing 55 kilos’, ‘being in the doorway’ are among the properties that are routinely assigned to individual people. While mental processes, such as remembering and mental states, such as being in pain, are ascribed only to people and beings similar to them, weight and location are attributes of many kinds of things that are certainly not people. Should this distinction in kinds of attributes shape our efforts to study people by considering each person to be a composite of two distinct substances – a mind and a body? Rene Descartes' famous argument for substance dualism subsequently appeared in various versions but it has been the focus of searching criticisms. Several alternative proposals for organizing the study of the attributes of persons into a coherent body of knowledge have been proposed. These include materialism or physicalism, that there is only one relevant substance, material stuff; and various versions of personalism, that ‘person’ is the primitive core of all descriptions of human life, conceptually prior to both ‘mind’ and ‘body’. Wittgenstein's strategy in the face of the rerunning of the mind–body debates over centuries was to suggest that both sides of the dichotomy that has shaped these debates should abandoned and new distinctions introduced.
Chapter 4 Detecting unstable periodic orbits in biological systems

Publisher Summary This chapter detects unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) in biological systems. In both driven and autonomous chaotic systems, the motion (or orbit) of the system in phase space can at times be almost periodic. Unstable periodic orbits can also be used for the anticontrol (or maintenance) of chaos. By analyzing the UPOs in the region of either transition, small perturbations can be used to lock the system's dynamics into one basin of attraction. The study of UPOs has enabled researchers in the field of nonlinear dynamics to work with short and noisy sets of nonlinear data. This allows the study of biological systems, which noise and nonstationarity had previously made intractable. The methods described in the chapter are very robust to the presence of dynamical noise and can operate on extremely short data files. They are also demonstrated to be capable of distinguishing between dynamical data and colored noise, something that is difficult for more traditional nonlinear techniques even when very long data files are available.
Investigating Issues in the Laboratory: The Behavior of Red Swamp Crayfish as an Invasive Species

Recent reform initiatives in undergraduate biology call for curricula that prepare students for dealing with real-world issues and making important links between science and society. In response to this call, we have developed an issues-based laboratory module that uses guided inquiry to integrate the concepts of animal behavior and population biology into an issue of both local and global relevance. The issue associated with this module is “What should be done about invasive crayfish?” Students investigate plausible reasons why crayfish are often successful invasive species through hypothesis testing, collection of behavioral data on live crayfish, and quantitative reasoning. Students also consider economic and environmental impacts of invasive species on local and global ecosystems. We implemented this module in a large introductory biology course and conducted survey research to evaluate the module’s potential to serve as an interesting and valuable learning experience for undergraduate biology students.
Advancing next-generation sequencing data analytics with scalable distributed infrastructure

With the emergence of popular next-generation sequencing NGS-based genome-wide protocols such as chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, there is a growing need for research and infrastructure to support the requirement of effectively analyzing NGS data. Such research and infrastructure do not replace but complement algorithmic advances developments in analyzing NGS data. We present a runtime environment, Distributed Application Runtime Environment, that supports the scalable, flexible, and extensible composition of capabilities that cover the primary requirements of NGS-based analytics. In this work, we use BFAST as a representative stand-alone tool used for NGS data analysis and a ChIP-Seq pipeline as a representative pipeline-based approach to analyze the computational requirements. We analyze the performance characteristics of BFAST and understand its dependency on different input parameters. The computational complexity of genome-wide mapping using BFAST, amongst other factors, depends upon the size of a reference genome and the data size of short reads. Characterizing the performance suggests that the mapping benefits from both scaling-up increased fine-grained parallelism and scaling-out task-level parallelism - local and distributed. For certain problem instances, scaling-out can be a more efficient approach than scaling-up. On the basis of investigations using the pipeline for ChIP-Seq, we also discuss the importance of dynamical execution of tasks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee Attitudes Toward a Nonunion Grievance Procedure and Their Influence on Unionization

This paper reports on a study investigating employee perceptions of due process in a nonunion grievance procedure and its relationship to grievance system satisfaction, job satisfaction, and union voting intention. The results suggest that distributive justice and procedural justice may play equally important roles in overall system satisfaction and are highly related to employee intent to vote for or against union representation.
ATP P2× Receptors and Sensory Synaptic Transmission Between Primary Afferent Fibers and Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons in Rats

Li, Ping, Amelita A. Calean, and Min Zhuo. ATP P2× receptors and sensory synaptic transmission between primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3356–3360...
Detection of gynecologic cancers in indigent women in an urban inner-city hospital.

Objective Access to care is a major concern for impoverished urban communities in the United States, whereas early detection of gynecologic malignancies significantly influences ultimate survival. Our goal was to compare the stage at detection of common gynecologic cancers at an urban county hospital with national estimates, and to describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of this population. Methods All new patients presenting to the John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County gynecologic oncology clinic from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2009, were reviewed under an institutional review board–approved protocol. Patients receiving primary treatment at the institution during these dates were included for analysis. We used χ2 tests to compare the institution’s stage distributions to national estimates. Results Two hundred nineteen patients met inclusion criteria over the 2-year study period. Racial and ethnic minorities represented 72.5% of the population. Of the 219 patients, 56.1% (123/219) were uninsured and 37.9% (83/219) were covered by Medicaid or Medicare. We identified 97 (43.9%) cervical, 95 (43%) uterine, and 29 (13.1%) ovarian cancers, including 2 synchronous primaries. Compared to the National Cancer Data Base, women with uterine cancer at our institution were significantly more likely to present with later-stage disease (P Conclusions Compared to national trends, women with uterine cancer presenting to an urban tertiary care public hospital have significantly more advanced disease, whereas those with cervical cancer do not. Nationally funded cervical cancer screening is successful but does not address all barriers to accessing gynecologic cancer care. Promotion of public education of endometrial cancer symptoms may be a vital need to impoverished communities with limited access to care.
Comparison and Evaluation of Carbenicillin Disks in Diffusion Susceptibility Testing

A broad variety of bacterial strains, including 79 Pseudomonas aeruginosa , were studied in an in vitro evaluation of carbenicillin disk susceptibility testing. Regression analysis with both 50-μg and 100-μg carbenicillin disks was carried out. Organisms having minimal inhibitory concentration values of 100 to 200 μg/ml demonstrated zones of less than 11 mm with the 50-μg disk, resulting in very little opportunity for appropriate discrimination of results. The line of regression for the 50-μg disk intersected the ordinate at a point just above the minimal inhibitory concentration value considered to be the limit of intermediate susceptibility for Pseudomonas . These considerations, together with evidence of greater disk content variation in the 50-μg than in the 100-μg disks assayed, considerable manufacturer-to-manufacturer variability with the 50-μg disk, and the more appropriate performance of the 100-μg disk, lead us to conclude that the 100-μg disk better serves the clinical test requirements for this agent than does the 50-μg disk, which is currently the only disk available for laboratory testing.
Organizational Status and Perceived Sexual Harassment: Detecting the Mediators of a Null Effect

Although power differentials are commonly believed to be central to sexual harassment experiences, prior empirical investigations have found no clear association between a perpetrator’s organizational status (as an index of his power) and perceptions by the victim that the perpetrator’s behavior constitutes sexual harassment. A model to explain this pattern as the result of two opposing mediators is forwarded and tested. Specifically, it was found that a harasser’s organizational status affects perceptions of his power, which increase a victim’s perceptions that the perpetrator’s behavior is harassing; however, it also was found that a harasser’s organizational status simultaneously affects perceptions of his social dominance, which decrease perceptions that his behavior is harassing. Thus, these mediators cancel each other, yielding a null finding when their effects are ignored. This finding supports both sociocultural and evolutionary models of sexual harassment perceptions and suggests that each can co...
Mediating Biopower and the Case of Prenatal Space

This essay argues for articulation as a mediating logic for the analysis of biopower. Prenatal space, particularly as it emerged around biomedicine and abortion, is used to demonstrate this idea. Prenatal space divides life within itself, forming a heterotopia “before life” where regimes of living converge in new and sometimes threatening ways around how to reproduce ethically. However, the history of abortion indicates a general strategy for controlling the political contingencies made possible through prenatal space. Relying on modernist space-time logic, nineteenth and twentieth century physicians reduced the practice of abortion to a sign of civilization, with some physicians contending abortion befitted savagery of the past, and others contending criminalized abortion was a relic of outmoded moralism. Wanted and unwanted regimes of living were reduced spatially to representations of time and segregated on a historical scale of value. From this example it is argued that mistaking the mediation of biop...
The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice

In this review, the primary subject is the ‘business case’ for corporate social responsibility (CSR). The business case refers to the underlying arguments or rationales supporting or documenting why the business community should accept and advance the CSR ‘cause’. The business case is concerned with the primary question: What do the business community and organizations get out of CSR? That is, how do they benefit tangibly from engaging in CSR policies, activities and practices? The business case refers to the bottom-line financial and other reasons for businesses pursuing CSR strategies and policies. In developing this business case, the paper first provides some historical background and perspective. In addition, it provides a brief discussion of the evolving understandings of CSR and some of the long-established, traditional arguments that have been made both for and against the idea of business assuming any responsibility to society beyond profit-seeking and maximizing its own financial well-being. Finally, the paper addresses the business case in more detail. The goal is to describe and summarize what the business case means and to review some of the concepts, research and practice that have come to characterize this developing idea.
Post-test calibration of single-use, antimony, 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH probes is necessary.

Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring is considered the “gold standard” for detection of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, reference pH can drift during studies using antimony pH electrodes. Posttest calibration of antimony probes to assess a “drift” has been advocated but is not routinely preformed in clinical practice. We undertook this study to determine the frequency and degree of drift that occurs during pH studies using single-use antimony pH electrodes. One hundred consecutive 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH studies were reviewed for presence and degree of pH drift. Separately, 10 in vitro studies using antimony electrodes exposed to solution of constant pH and temperature were recorded to determine timing of drift. Drift of at least 0.1 pH unit occurred in 88 (P 0.4 pH unit occurred in 38, 28, 15, 4, and 5 of the 100 studies, respectively. In six studies the adjustment for the poststudy calibration drift changed the overall interpretation of the test. Small degrees of drift occurred at various times during the 10 in vitro studies. Drift in pH during 24-hr pH studies using antimony is common, but large degrees of drift are not. When the threshold of pH 4.0 was adjusted to reflect the drift, a small but significant number of interpretations changed. Drift artifact may impact the results of the pH study, and calibration should be repeated after all studies.
Allosteric Modification, the Primary ATP Activation Mechanism of Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor Guanylate Cyclase

ANF-RGC is the prototype receptor membrane guanylate cyclase being both the receptor and the signal transducer of the most hypotensive hormones, ANF and BNP. It is a single transmembrane-spanning protein. After binding these hormones at the extracellular domain it at its intracellular domain signals activation of the C-terminal catalytic module and accelerates the production of its second messenger, cyclic GMP, which controls blood pressure, cardiac vasculature, and fluid secretion. ATP is obligatory for the posttransmembrane dynamic events leading to ANF-RGC activation. It functions through the ATP-regulated module, ARM (KHD) domain, of ANF-RGC. In the current over a decade held model “phosphorylation of the KHD is absolutely required for hormone-dependent activation of NPR-A” [Potter, L. R., and Hunter, T. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 2164−2172]. The presented study challenges this concept. It demonstrates that, instead, ATP allosteric modification of ARM is the primary signaling step of ANF-GC activatio...
Global behaviour of solutions of a nonautonomous delay logistic difference equation, II

Our aim in this paper is to investigate the boundedness, the extreme stability and the periodicity of positive solutions of the nonautonomous delay Pielou logistic equation where {a n } is a positive periodic sequence with period p and k is a non-negative integer. This is a continuation of the study initiated in Kocic, Stutson, and Arora [J. Differ. Equ. Appl., 10(13–15) (2004), pp. 1267–1279]. In the case when the above equation has a periodic solution, the explicit sufficient conditions for the boundedness, extreme stability and global attractivity of the periodic solution are obtained.
Light-dark Cycle Memory In The Mammalian Circadian Clock

The mammalian circadian oscillator, or superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains several thousand clock neurons in its ventrolateral (VL) part, many of which are spontaneous oscillators with periods that range from 22 to 28 hours. In complete darkness this network synchronizes through the exchange of action potentials which release the neuropeptide VIP, striking a compromise, free-running period (FRP) that is close to 24 hours long. We lock Siberian hamsters to various light-dark cycles and then track their activity into the dark to show that they retain a memory of the particular cycle to which they were entrained before returning to their own FRP. Then using model clock neurons (1) we model the VL SCN network and show that strong rythmicity of the VIP oscillation can account for both synchronization in darkness and the light-dark cycle memory which we observe. Additionally, light is known to initiate a MAP kinase cascade that induces transcription of both per and mkp1 phosphatase. We show that the phosphatase-kinase interaction can account for the dead zone in the mammalian Phase Response Curve. Finally, we hypothesize that the SCN acts like a lock-in amplifier to reject noise and to entrain the light edges of the circadian day.(1) Leloup, J-C. and A. Goldbeter. 2003. Toward a detailed computational model for the mammalian circadian clock. PNAS 100:7051-7056.
Sulfhydryl reactivity of organic nitrates: biochemical basis for inhibition of glyceraldehyde-P dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase.

Abstract Glyceryl trinitrate caused a concentration dependent inhibition of the SH rich enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase. Ethacrynic acid, an SH alkylating agent also inhibits both of these enzymes. The disulfide reducing agent, dithiothreitol, could protect against the inhibition of these enzymes by organic nitrates but is ineffective against ethacrynic acid.
Some aspects of the NMR-spectra of aporphine and phenanthrene alkaloids

The C-11 proton of an aprophine possessing a C-1,2 methylenedioxy group falls relatively upfield between δ 7.47 and 7.86. Additionally, the i.c.s. for the two protons of the methylenedioxy group is large (4–12 Hz). The presence of a methylenedioxy at C-3,4 in a phenanthrene alkaloid also results in an upfield shift (δ 8.95–9.00) of the C-5 proton.
Measurement and interpretation of molecular-level forces of interaction between the siderophore azotobactin and mineral surfaces

Abstract The forces of interaction were measured between the siderophore azotobactin and the minerals goethite (α-FeOOH) and diaspore (α-AlOOH) in aqueous solution using force microscopy. Azotobactin, a pyoverdin-type siderophore, was covalently linked to a hydrazide terminated atomic force microscope tip using a standard active ester protein coupling technique. Upon contact with each mineral surface, the adhesion force between azotobactin and goethite was two to three times the value observed for the isostructural Al-equivalent diaspore. The affinity for the solid iron oxide surface reflected in the force measurements correlates with the specificity of azotobactin for aqueous ferric iron. Further, the adhesion force between azotobactin and goethite significantly decreases (4 nN to 2 nN) when small amounts of soluble iron (0.1 μM FeCl3 · 6H2O) are added to the system at pH 3.5 suggesting a significant specific interaction between the chelating reactive center of azotobactin and the mineral surface. Changes in the force signature with pH and ionic strength were fairly predictable when considering mineral solubility, the charge character of the mineral surfaces, the molecular structure of azotobactin, and the intervening solution. For example, azotobactin–goethite adhesion values were consistently smaller at pH 3.5 relative to the forces at pH 7. At the lower pH, the large number of protons and the increase in the mineral solubility provides additional electron acceptors (e.g., H+ and Fe3+(aq)) that are free to compete for the basic oxygen chelating sites in the azotobactin structure. It is believed that this competition disrupts siderophore affinity for the surface resulting in decreased adhesion values.
Odd central moments of unimodal distributions

Abstract We present a simple geometric condition under which all existing odd central moments of a unimodal distribution are non-negative. The criterion applies to both the absolutely continuous case and the lattice case. In the lattice case, the result proves and generalizes a conjecture of Frame, Gilliland and Hsing. In the absolutely continuous case, the result provides a new proof of results of Hannan and Pitman, Runnenburg, and MacGillivray. The main idea is a new decomposition result for unimodal distributions.
Evolution of introns and exons of class II major histocompatibility complex genes of vertebrates

The phylogenetic relationships and patterns of nucleotide substitution were compared for introns and exons of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in three datasets: human DRB1, human DQA1, and cyprinid fish DAB1. In both human DRB1 and cyprinid DAB1, there was strong evidence that recombination events between alleles have occurred in such a way that intron and exon sequences of a given allele do not necessarily share the same evolutionary history. In the case of human DRB1, recombination was found to have homogenized intron 1 and intron 2 sequences relative to exon 2 sequences within lineages of alleles but not between lineages. As a result, mean divergence times of intron sequences are much more recent than those of exonic sequences. Thus, the divergence time of DRB1 introns cannot be used to date that of exons in the same alleles, and the hypothesis that most human DRB1 polymorphism is of very recent origin is not supported.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing With Location Information

In this paper, we address the problem of cooperatively detecting a primary user (PU) among multiple cognitive users (CUs) when their location information is available at a CU base station. For fast detection, each CU reports a power estimate, based on one-snapshot observation of the radio environment, to the CU base station. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is developed at the CU base station to first estimate the transmit power of the PU and then form a test variable for detection. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the unknown transmit power is discussed and analyzed to offer insight into the proposed cooperative spectrum-sensing scheme. In addition, a weighted average estimator (WAE) is proposed, which is computationally more efficient than the MLE. Asymptotic analysis for the proposed GLRT is presented. Performance of the MLE and WAE is examined along with the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Extensive comparisons between the proposed GLRTs and the hard- and soft-decision based spectrum sensing methods are provided, which show the effectiveness of the proposed detector.
Communication Generation for Block-Cyclic Distributions

Data-parallel languages such as High Performance Fortran, Vienna Fortran and Fortran D include directives such as alignment and distribution that describe how data and computation are mapped onto the processors in a distributed-memory multiprocessor. A compiler for HPF that generates code for each processor has to compute the sequence of local memory addresses accessed by each processor and the sequence of send and receives for a given processor to access non-local data. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the generation of communication sets that exploits a pttern of send-receive index pairs. In addition, we present an algorithm for code generation. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of this technique.
Basic Approach to a Prediction System for Burr Formation in Face Milling

Geometric parameters and material properties are the two major categories of factors affecting burr formation in the milling process. Geometric parameters such as tool geometry, workpiece geometry, or process condition influence workpiece edge quality at the tool-chip interface. This study identifies a unified criterion to analyze burr formation for different tool engagements. The criterion exploits the exit order of cutting edges of the tool along the workpiece edge, which essentially includes the 3-D nature of the process. The criterion correlates the cutting mechanism and burr formation using the exit order sequence (EOS) as an approximation of chip flow angle. The impact of different possible exit order sequences on burr formation is analyzed. Previously observed phenomena are explained based on the EOS. Also, experiments are done with three different materials (with different ductilities) to analyze the impact of material properties on burr formation for a given EOS. Although burr sizes are different quantitatively with different material, the ranking of burr size for different EOS remained the same. An algorithm for the prediction of burr formation in face milling based on EOS is developed and tested and validated on two different profiles of an automotive part.
Neural control of leg movements in a metamorphic insect: Persistence of larval leg motor neurons to innervate the adult legs of Manduca sexta

During metamorphosis of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, the larval thoracic legs along with their associated sensory organs and muscles degenerate and new adult legs develop. The larval legs are small and relatively simple structures capable of lateral extension and medial flexion allowing them to grasp the substrate as the caterpillar crawls along. By contrast, the adult legs are used for walking with an alternating gait. They are much larger than the larval legs and articulate such that they are capable of movement in several directions. This change in form and function is accompanied by a reorganization of the neural circuits controlling leg movements. In a previous report (Kent and Levine: J. Comp. Neurol. 271:559-576, '88) we described motor neurons innervating the larval prothoracic legs, and here we describe motor neurons innervating the prothoracic legs of the adult. Using a combination of cobalt staining methods and the persistent fluorescent dye Fluoro-Gold, we have found that some, if not all, larval leg motor neurons are retained and innervate the new adult leg muscles. Moreover, we have been able to discover the fate of individual larval leg motor neurons by marking a single larval neuron with Fluoro-Gold and using a second fluorescent dye to double label the same neuron in the adult. Our results suggest that specific larval leg motor neurons innervate corresponding muscles in the adult stage, although their apparent function is significantly different. In addition, the motor neurons undergo significant remodeling of their dendritic branching patterns during metamorphosis, alterations which doubtless contribute to their new roles in adult behavior.
Effects of trichlorfon, fenthion, and diflubenzuron on the zooplankton community and on production of reciprocal-cross hybrid striped bass fry in culture ponds

Abstract The application of trichlorfon, diflubenzuron, or fenthion to fertilized culture ponds stocked with 5-day-old, reciprocal-cross, hybrid striped bass fry resulted in an initial reduction in the concentration of rotifers and longer-term alteration of zooplankton successional stages, including changes in concentrations of rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Culture ponds without applied chemicals had the highest concentrations of small rotifers when fry were stocked, followed by high concentrations of cladocerans, copepod nauplii, and adult copepods. Fry survival in untreated ponds was higher than in chemically-treated ponds. Initial high concentrations of copepods in some ponds corresponded with low fry survival. Untreated ponds that were filled at the time of broodfish spawning, and stocked with fry 5 days later, had the highest fry survival rates, corresponding with peak rotifer concentrations, followed by a typical zooplankton succession.
The golden mean

Purpose – This column aims to explore the consequences of making uninformed technology decisions in the context of strategic planning for digital library environments.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the consequences of making uninformed technology decisions.Findings – This column recommends a balanced approach for funding digital library initiatives.Practical implications – Given the rapidly changing landscape of the information highway, it is difficult especially for decision makers in library organizations to plan well for digital initiatives. Cutting edge services such as cloud‐based computing offer a mirage of hope in many instances and need to be carefully scrutinized before the first penny has been allocated from a library budget.Originality/value – This column prescribes a cautionary note for digital libraries of the twenty‐first century. While many vendor‐based services (such as “software as a service”) are initially attractive, vendor lock‐in and lack of control over critical lib...
Teacher Self-Efficacy, Burnout, Experience and Decision to Refer a Disruptive Student

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher characteristics that may lead to special education referrals, including efficacy, burnout, experience, and preparation. We hypothesized that lik...
The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program—A status report

Abstract The status of Seismic Safety Margins Research Program sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is presented. A description of the program and certain research results are reported. A list of NRC reports is included.
Enhancement of multiphoton emission from single CdSe quantum dots coupled to gold films.

Single molecule time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) localized near a rough gold thin film demonstrates significant enhancement of multiphoton emission while at the same time showing a decrease in single photon emission. A rigorous analysis of time-resolved photon correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime data on single quantum dots at room temperature reveals an increase in radiative recombination rate of multiexcitons that is much higher than expected and, perhaps more significantly, is not correlated with concomitant increases in single exciton recombination rates. We believe that these results confirm a stronger coupling of multiexcitons to plasmon modes via a coupling to plasmon multipole modes.
Hurler's Syndrome: Deficiency of a Specific Beta Galactosidase Isoenzyme

A marked deficiency of a specific thermolabile β-galactosidase isoenzyme ( p H optimum 3 to 5) was found in liver and kidney tissues of five patients with the Hurler's syndrome (types 1 to 3).
Collisions of spheres with wet and dry porous layers on a solid wall

Abstract A theory that combines Darcy's law for flow in porous media with inelastic solid mechanics, to model collisions of solid spheres with wet or dry porous layers placed on a solid wall, is found to closely describe the trends in data collected from particle-collision experiments. An exponential-hardening, stress–strain model is used for the porous layer, validated with dynamic mechanical analyzer measurements. Low-velocity collisions were performed in the low-gravity environment afforded during parabolic flight of a KC-135 aircraft, and also under normal gravity with a pendulum-based setup. Both theory and experiments show a decrease in the dry restitution coefficient with an increase in impact velocity, mainly due to increased inelastic losses in the porous material. The wet restitution coefficient is also found to decrease with an increase in the impact velocity, in contrast to the wet restitution coefficient for collisions of a solid sphere with a wet wall without a porous layer. Moreover, a critical impact velocity (below which no rebound occurs) is observed for wet collisions without a porous layer but not with a porous layer. The wet restitution coefficient is always found to be lower than the dry restitution coefficient, due to the viscous losses associated with fluid flow in addition to the inelastic losses associated with the porous layer.
Activity-edge centric multi-label classification for mining heterogeneous information networks

Multi-label classification of heterogeneous information networks has received renewed attention in social network analysis. In this paper, we present an activity-edge centric multi-label classification framework for analyzing heterogeneous information networks with three unique features. First, we model a heterogeneous information network in terms of a collaboration graph and multiple associated activity graphs. We introduce a novel concept of vertex-edge homophily in terms of both vertex labels and edge labels and transform a general collaboration graph into an activity-based collaboration multigraph by augmenting its edges with class labels from each activity graph through activity-based edge classification. Second, we utilize the label vicinity to capture the pairwise vertex closeness based on the labeling on the activity-based collaboration multigraph. We incorporate both the structure affinity and the label vicinity into a unified classifier to speed up the classification convergence. Third, we design an iterative learning algorithm, AEClass, to dynamically refine the classification result by continuously adjusting the weights on different activity-based edge classification schemes from multiple activity graphs, while constantly learning the contribution of the structure affinity and the label vicinity in the unified classifier. Extensive evaluation on real datasets demonstrates that AEClass outperforms existing representative methods in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
Genistein effects on stromal cells determines epithelial proliferation in endometrial co-cultures.

Background Estrogen is the leading etiologic factor for endometrial cancer. Estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells normally requires paracrine growth factors produced by stromal cells. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that dietary soy prevents endometrial cancer, and implicates the phytoestrogen genistein in this effect. However, results from previous studies are conflicting regarding the effects of genistein on hormone responsive cancers.
Non-invasive characterization of fluid foodstuffs based on ultrasonic measurements

Abstract The food industry can benefit from a highly sensitive, non-invasive, self-calibrating, on-line sensor for characterizing liquid or slurry in process vessels during mixing, settling, stationary, or flowing conditions by measuring the reflections at the fluid–sensor interface, sound speed, and attenuation of ultrasound to determine the fluid density and solids concentration. The sensor system was developed by staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The sensor transducers are mounted directly on the stainless steel wall and the pipeline wall becomes part of the measurement system. Multiple reflections within the stainless steel wall are used to determine the acoustic impedance of the liquid, where the acoustic impedance is defined as the product of the density and the speed of sound. The probe becomes self-calibrating because variations in the pulser voltage do not affect the measurements. By basing the measurement upon multiple reflections, the sensitivity of the measurement is significantly increased.
Narrative and Religious Experience

This paper argues that when sociologists study religious experience we cannot study "experiencing"- religious experience in real time and its physical, mental, and emotional constituents and therefore must study retrospective accounts - linguistic representations - of religious experiences. It is in the nature of experiencing and its linguistic expression that the two are loosely coupled and therefore we do not study phenomenological descriptions of experiences but how an experience is made meaningful. On this basis, existing studies of religious experience are criticized, and an alternative, narrative approach to studying religious experience which is sensitive to its unique ontology is elaborated. The paper concludes with some brief suggestions for applying the narrative approach to studying the meaning of religious experience.
Juvenile hormone stimulation of tubular and accessory glands in male Monarch butterflies

Abstract 1. 1. Field-collected, reproductively inactive, winter male Monarch butterflies possess small accessory and tubular glands. 2. 2. The wet weights of these glands increae considerably if winter animals are stored in summer conditions, but do not increase if winter animals are stored in winter conditions. 3. 3. Experiments involving neck ligatures and allatectomies, with or without juvenile hormone injections, demonstrate that the weight increases occurring in these glands in animals held in summer conditiones require active corpora allata.
Pore Size Dependence of Proteinase K Diffusion Through Sol-Gel Derived Silica

Sol-gel derived silica particles are candidates for vehicles for injectable controlled drug-delivery. In this study, Proteinase K was the model biomolecule encapsulated in the silica xerogel, ambigel, and aerogel particles. The surface area and average pore diameter of these particles are reported. Both the amount of Proteinase K released from the particles and the activity of the released Proteinase K were measured as a function of time. The primary finding of this study is the effect of pore diameter on the specific activity of Proteinase K released from these particles.
The Currency, Banking, and Exchange System of Thailand

T HE ECONOMY of Thailand at the close of World War II required profound readjustments to the new world conditions. The entire country had been under Japanese occupation during the war, and the prewar currency system had been seriously disrupted. The wartime history of the Thailand monetary and exchange system, and the consequent adjustments in the postwar period, after the connection with Japan had been severed, with a brief reference to the more recent exchange adjustments, will be outlined in this paper.1
Does a repeated guided-instruction approach with multiple assessments increase student learning of science?

Guided instruction is an approach that fully explains the concepts and procedures that students are required to learn. It seems intuitive that this approach should increase student learning; however, there is evidence in the literature that this may not always be the case. We wanted to assess the effectiveness of our own repeated guided-instruction approach. This idea was tested in an introductory biology course on the topic of science-process skills and in a molecular biology course on DNA replication. Each course evaluated five concepts on their topic using five multiple-choice questions at four time points. Guided instruction for these topics was provided in the form of explicit lectures, discussions, questioning, case studies and multiple assessments. In both courses, mean test scores increased significantly over the four-test sequence, although not with each assessment or each concept. Increases in molecular biology were greater than in introductory biology. Content background and concept difficulty ...
Quantum Field-Theoretical Electromagnetic and Gravitational Two-Particle Potentials.

The fourth-order static electromagnetic and gravitational two-particle potentials are derived from the scattering operator by using the techniques of the standard field theory. Integrals over four-vector variables are evaluated in a covariant manner, while in earlier treatments such integrals are usually converted to noncovariant forms. Our treatment is more direct, and we are able to carry out regularization and renormalization of divergent integrals unambiguously where necessary. Moreover, calculations of multiple parameter integrals are reduced to elementary integrations in the static and long-range approximations. Our quantum field-theoretical results are in complete agreement with the classical potentials.
Local and average natural convection Nusselt numbers for a uniformly heated, shrouded or unshrouded horizontal plate

Abstract Experiments were performed to determine the local and average natural convection heat transfer characteristics for a uniformly heated, upward-facing horizontal plate shrouded by a parallel adiabatic surface situated above the plate. Three parameters were varied during the experiments, including the dimensionless height of the interplate gap (the no-shroud case serving as the upper limit), the dimensionless heating rate (the Rayleigh number), and the configuration of the surroundings (absence or presence of an obstruction and of supplemental insulation). Air was the heat transfer medium. The local Nusselt number was highest at the edge of the heated plate and decreased along the plate surface; at the center of the plate, the Nusselt number was about one-third of that at the edge. The local Nusselt number distributions, when normalized by the corresponding average Nusselt number, were found to be universal (i.e. independent of the parameters) for gap heights above a threshold value. Both the local and average Nusselt numbers were depressed at small gap heights but rebounded rapidly with increasing gap height. A critical gap height was found such that for values exceeding it, the average Nusselt number was independent of the presence or absence of the shroud.