cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale Predictability of the “Surprise” Snowstorm of 24–25 January 2000

Abstract A mesoscale model is used here to investigate the possible sources of forecast error for the 24–25 January 2000 snowstorm along the east coast of the United States. The primary focus is the quantitative precipitation forecast out to lead times of 36 h. The success of the present high-resolution control forecast shows that the storm could have been well forecasted with conventional data in real time. Various experiments suggest that insufficient model grid resolution and errors in the initial conditions both contributed significantly to problems in the forecast. Other experiments, motivated by the possibility that the forecast errors arose from the operational analysis poorly fitting one or two key soundings, test the effects of withholding single soundings from the control initial conditions. While no single sounding results in forecast changes that are more than a small fraction of the error in the operational forecast, these experiments do reveal that the detailed mesoscale distribution of prec...
The political economic logic of RMB internationalization: A study in Sino-capitalism

Over the past 7 years the Chinese government has begun in earnest a gradual process of seeking a more internationalized currency. By conceptualizing China’s domestic political economy as having generated Sino-capitalism, this article utilizes a ‘second image’ explanation to elucidate the logic of RMB internationalization policies. Therefore, rather than focusing on international incentives and constraints as they affect RMB internationalization the aim is to trace the origins of China’s unique policy stance with historical institutional analysis. The article begins with conceptualizing the domestic logic of Sino-capitalism and then highlights key aspects of Sino-capitalism’s institutional arrangements and policy approaches as they shape RMB internationalization. The article ends with arguing that the basic institutional logic and policy stances of Sino-capitalism are here to stay. With regard to RMB internationalization this indicates that full-scale liberalization measures, especially of China’s capital account, are unlikely to be undertaken in the near future. However, Sino-capitalism’s logic opens up new avenues by which China, as it becomes an ever larger part of the global political economy, could gradually foster an international currency.
A geometric solar radiation model with applications in agriculture and forestry

Incoming solar radiation (insolation) is fundamental to most physical and biophysical processes because of its role in energy and water balance. We calculated insolation maps from digital elevation models, using an insolation model that accounts for atmospheric conditions, elevation, surface orientation, and influences of surrounding topography. Herein, we focus on the application of this insolation model for spatial interpolation of soil temperature measurements over complex topography at landscape scales. Existing interpolation techniques generally apply only at continental or broad regional scales and do not capture the high variation of finer scales. In our field study in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, average soil temperature was correlated with insolation and elevation. Whereas daily minimum temperature was negatively correlated with elevation (r� /� /0.730, P B/0.05), daily temperature change (maximum minus minimum) was positively correlated with daily insolation (r � /0.504, P B/0.01). We generated daily minimum and maximum soil temperature maps based on regression analyses. Residual variation was explained by factors such as vegetation cover. This application demonstrates the importance of characterizing spatial and temporal variation of insolation for studies of energy and water balance. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Bifurcation analysis of a photoreceptor interaction model for Retinitis Pigmentosa

Abstract Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the term used to describe a diverse set of degenerative eye diseases affecting the photoreceptors (rods and cones) in the retina. This work builds on an existing mathematical model of RP that focused on the interaction of the rods and cones. We non-dimensionalize the model and examine the stability of the equilibria. We then numerically investigate other stable modes that are present in the system for various parameter values and relate these modes to the original problem. Our results show that stable modes exist for a wider range of parameter values than the stability of the equilibrium solutions alone, suggesting that additional approaches to preventing cone death may exist.
Intermediate Dynamo Models

We describe a nonlinear, axisymmetric, spherical-shell model of a planetary dynamo. This intermediate-type dynamo model requires a prescribed helicity field (the alpha effect) and a prescribed buoyancy force or thermal wind (the omega effect) and solves for the axisymmetric time-dependent magnetic and velocity fields. Three very different time dependent solutions are obtained from different prescribed sets of alpha and omega fields.
Induced Transformations of the Derivative-Vector

(1976). Induced Transformations of the Derivative-Vector. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 255-259.
Metal-Stabilized Thiyl Radicals as Scaffolds for Reversible Alkene Addition via C–S Bond Formation/Cleavage

The one-electron oxidation of metal thiolates results in an increased oxidation state of the metal ion or the formation of a sulfur-based, thiyl radical in limiting extremes. For complexes with highly covalent M-S bonds, the unpaired electron may be delocalized over the metal and the sulfur, yielding a metal-stabilized thiyl radical. Oxidation of the metal thiolate precursors [Ru(DPPBT)(3)](-), [Ru-1](-), and Re(DPPBT)(3), Re-1 (DPPBT = diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolate), generates metal-stabilized thiyl radicals that react with alkenes to yield dithioether-metal products. Alkene addition to [Ru-1](+) and [Re-1](+) is symmetry-allowed due to the meridional arrangement of the DPPBT chelates. Combined bulk electrolysis and cyclic voltammetry experiments reveal the addition of alkenes to [Ru-1](+) as an irreversible process with experimentally determined rate constants ranging from 4.6(5) × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for electron-rich alkenes to 2.7(2) × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) for electron-poor alkenes. Rate constants for cyclic alkenes range from 4(2) × 10(7) to 2.9(3) × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). Chemical oxidation of [Ru-1](-) by ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF(6)) in the presence of m-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene yields the dithioether complexes [Ru-1·m-methylstyrene](+) and [Ru-1·p-methylstyrene](+), respectively. Each complex was crystallized and the structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. (31)P NMR of the samples reveals a major and minor product, each displaying a second-order spectrum. The oxidized intermediate [Re-1](+) binds alkenes reversibly with equilibrium binding constants that vary with the complex charge from 1.9 × 10(-11) M(-1) for n = 0 to 4.0 M(-1) for n = +1 to 2.5 × 10(9) M(-1) for n = +2. The three binding regimes are separated by 240 mV. Crystalline samples of [Re-1·C(2)H(4)](2+) are obtained upon chemical oxidation of Re-1 with silver hexafluorophosphate (AgPF(6)) in the presence of ethylene. Strategies for the addition of alkenes to other metal-stabilized thiyl radicals are suggested.
BENUSSI EFFECT AS AN INTEGRATION OF DISPARITY BY MOTION

Summary.--It was hypothesized that the apparent depth of the Benussi effect could be elicited using stimuli corresponding to retindy disparate images. When such stimuli were presented rapidly and successively in a manner approximating apparent motion, 21 of 22 observers reported apparent depth. A configuration of nonconcentric circles is perceived by most observers as having depth when the nonconcentric circles are viewed on a rotating dsc. That is, when the dsc is rotating, the nonconcentric circles appear to form a 3-dimensional shape ke a funnel or a truncated cone; however, when the dlsc is not rotating, the configuration ordinarily appears flat. This phenomenon has been referred to as the Benussi effect (7, 9). A number of investigators have suggested that motion parallax is the depth cue which elicits the Benussi effect (4, 6, 8); however, the supporting data are equivocal (uid. 2). In the current investigation, the effective stimulus for eliciting the Benussi effect is more generally defined. It is suggested that configurations corresponding to retinally disparate images elicit the Benussi effect and that the successive presentation of these images results in perceived depth when the successive presentation approximates apparent motion. In arriving at the hypothesis of the current investigation, it was noted, first of all, that the stereoscopic images for a truncated cone consist of a large circle containing a smaller, nonconcentric circle. In the left eye, the smaller circle's center is shifted to the right of the larger circle's center, and a mirror image of this pattern is presented to the right eye, i.e., crossed disparity. If the smaller circle's center is shifted to the left of the larger circle's center in the left eye and shifted to the right of the larger circle's center in the right eye (uncrossed disparity), the fused stereoscopic image is that of a funnel. Rapid, successive presentation of an eccentric circle pattern and its mirror image, as described above, has been shown to elicit perceived depth comparable to the Benussi effect (1). Of course, the presentation of a pattern and its mirror image successively across time-rather than sirnultaneously as in a stereoscope in the form of either crossed or uncrossed &sparity-may be expected to result in ambiguous depth with the result that the
Ultralow-crosstalk splicing of polarization-maintaining optical fibers by a local end-image monitoring technique

Polarization-maintaining optical fibers (PMFs), which maintain a state of polarization over a long length, have many applications from coherent transmission systems to fiber-optic sensors.1·2 For putting PMFs into practical use, PMFs must be easily spliced with a low loss and low crosstalk. When a usual splicing technique is used for PMFs a polarized light power monitoring is required for polarization axis matching. However, it would be hard to apply this technique to an installed PMF cable. If the monitored polarized light power is unstable, high-quality splicing of PMF becomes difficult.
Downloading applications for your PDA.

The author provides step-by-step instructions for downloading medical information, databases, charts, forms and more from the Internet to a personal digital assistant.
Instanton-dyon liquid model. V. Twisted light quarks

We discuss an extension of the instanton-dyon liquid model that includes twisted light quarks in the fundamental representation with explicit ${Z}_{{N}_{c}}$ symmetry for the case with an equal number of colors ${N}_{c}$ and flavors ${N}_{f}$. We map the model on a three-dimensional quantum effective theory, and analyze it in the mean-field approximation. The effective potential and the vacuum chiral condensates are made explicit for ${N}_{f}={N}_{c}=2$, 3. The low temperature phase is center symmetric but breaks spontaneously flavor symmetry with ${N}_{f}\ensuremath{-}1$ massless pions. The high temperature phase breaks center symmetry but supports finite and unequal quark condensates.
In vivo effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on adenine nucleotide levels in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats

The present report indicates that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) at a single dose causing reduction of Tre has no influence on liver and skeletal muscle content of ATP, ADP and AMP, the ATP/ADP ratio, energy charge potential (ECP) and total adenine nucleotides (TAN). After administration of 2-DG for 3) successive days, the level of ATP, ATP/ADP ratio, the values of ECP and TAN are decreased both in the liver and skeletal muscle. However, 72 hours after the last injection of 2-DG adenine nucleotide contents returned to the values observed in control group, indicating that the in vivo effect of this glucose analogue is fully reversible.
Population Concerns—enlarging the Horizons of the Urologist

AbstractThe statement of the problem regarding the world’s runaway population growth and the arithmetic involved are simple but the solutions are most complex. The long-term prospects for a truly human civilization depend in large measure on whether humanity in the short time remaining can succeed in reducing its capacity for profligate reproduction. Only if this effort is successful and accomplished within 20 or 30 years can our children and theirs have the opportunity to maintain the life styles we would wish for them. The principal purpose of this presentation is to bring attention to the awesome dimensions of the problem of overpopulation.
Satisfaction with College: Re-Examining Its Structure and Its Relationships with the Intent to Remain in College and Academic Performance.

Satisfaction with college is an important component of various theories of college student retention and academic performance but empirical support for the relationship of satisfaction with college...
Effects of two-phase inlet quality, mass velocity, flow orientation, and heating perimeter on flow boiling in a rectangular channel: Part 2 – CHF experimental results and model

Abstract This study is the second part of a two-part study exploring flow boiling of FC-72 along a rectangular channel with either one wall or two opposite walls heated for saturated inlet conditions. While the first part examined flow boiling interfacial behavior, boiling curves, local and average heat transfer coefficients, and pressure drops, this part is focused entirely on CHF measurement, flow visualization and modeling. Both single-sided and double-sided heating configurations are tested in horizontal flow, vertical upflow, and vertical downflow. For low mass velocities, high speed video analysis shows gravity has a dominant influence on interfacial behavior, with single-sided top-wall heating yielding the lowest CHF values, and bottom-wall heating the highest. For both single-sided heating and double-sided heating, increasing mass velocity decreases the influence of orientation on CHF, with identical CHF values achieved at high mass velocities irrespective of orientation, and increasing inlet quality serves to decrease the mass velocity value required for inertia to completely overcome gravity effects. A separated flow model for two-phase inlet conditions is proposed to predict key flow variables necessary for CHF modeling. With a MAE ⩽ 14%, this study proves that the combination of separated flow model and Interfacial Lift-off Model is highly effective at predicting CHF for saturated inlet conditions as it did in prior studies for subcooled inlet conditions.
Cold-War Maritime Issues

The Cold War in the Caribbean has had global and regional aspects as well as a distinctive maritime dimension. The global setting will be briefly examined first, followed by more specific focus on regional maritime affairs.
Creating sustainable societies: developing emerging professionals through transforming current mindsets

ABSTRACTFuture professionals will bear the brunt of creating sustainable societies. Equipping them for the task is the challenge of current educators. Educational experiences facilitating the development of sustainable habits of mind are needed. This research reports on the experiences of developing scientists and engineers engaged in a sustainable energy research program. Its focus is the learners’ changing conceptions about sustainability and their role in creating sustainable societies. It is an exploratory, multi-strand, case-oriented study, utilizing mixed methods to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. The research was grounded in the literature of education for sustainability and situated learning in communities, highlighting the common threads supporting the development of a new generation of scientists and engineers with sustainable mindsets. Findings indicated learners’ concepts of sustainability were broadened from narrow, discipline-specific definitions to an understanding of sustainabil...
Ancient human miRNAs are more likely to have broad functions and disease associations than young miRNAs

microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, and improper expression of miRNAs contributes to hundreds of diseases. Despite the essential functions of miRNAs, the evolutionary dynamics of how they are integrated into existing gene regulatory and functional networks is not well understood. Knowledge of the origin and evolutionary history a gene has proven informative about its functions and disease associations; we hypothesize that incorporating the evolutionary origins of miRNAs into analyses will help resolve differences in their functional dynamics and how they influence disease. We computed the phylogenetic age of miRNAs across 146 species and quantified the relationship between human miRNA age and several functional attributes. Older miRNAs are significantly more likely to be associated with disease than younger miRNAs, and the number of associated diseases increases with age. As has been observed for genes, the miRNAs associated with different diseases have different age profiles. For example, human miRNAs implicated in cancer are enriched for origins near the dawn of animal multicellularity. Consistent with the increasing contribution of miRNAs to disease with age, older miRNAs target more genes than younger miRNAs, and older miRNAs are expressed in significantly more tissues. Furthermore, miRNAs of all ages exhibit a strong preference to target older genes; 93% of validated miRNA gene targets were in existence at the origin of the targeting miRNA. Finally, we find that human miRNAs in evolutionarily related families are more similar in their targets and expression profiles than unrelated miRNAs. Considering the evolutionary origin and history of a miRNA provides useful context for the analysis of its function. Consistent with recent work in Drosophila, our results support a model in which miRNAs increase their expression and functional regulatory interactions over evolutionary time, and thus older miRNAs have increased potential to cause disease. We anticipate that these patterns hold across mammalian species; however, comprehensively evaluating them will require refining miRNA annotations across species and collecting functional data in non-human systems.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee: A Case Series.

Background:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is a clinical entity identified by acute knee pain usually associated with joint effusion, with radiographic findings of a radiolucent defect...
Delivering labeled teaching images over the Web.

The Web provides educators with the best opportunity to date for distributing teaching images across the educational enterprise and within the clinical environment. Experience in the pre-Web era showed that labels and information linked to parts of the image are crucial to student learning. Standard Web technology does not enable the delivery of labeled images. We have developed an environment called OverLayer that succeeds in the authoring and delivering of such images in a variety of formats. OverLayer has a number of functional specifications, based on the literature and on our experience, among them, the following: Users should be able to find components by name or by image; to receive feedback about their choice to test themselves. The image should be of arbitrary size; should be reusable; should be linked to further information; should be stand-alone files. The labels should not obscure the image; should be linked to further information. Images should be stand-alone files that can be transferred among faculty members. Implemented in Java, OverLayer (http:/(/)omie.med.jhmi.edu/overlayer) has at its heart a set of object classes that have been reused in a number of applets for different teaching purposes and a file format for creating OverLayer images. We have created a 350-image histology library and a 500-image pathology library, and are working on a 400-image GI endoscopy library. We hope that the OverLayer suite of classes and implementations will help to further the gains made by previous image-based hyperlinked technologies.
Review: Prediction of Respiratory Motion

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment method that employs high-energy radiation beams to destroy cancer cells by damaging the ability of these cells to reproduce [1].
Village Organization and Land Use

Patterns of land use are constrained by a range of environmental variables and related in complex ways to technology, patterns of settlement, and social organization. A limited group of domesticated plants and animals is intensively utilized throughout Southwest Asia today; archeological research continues to demonstrate that this group of domesticates has a long history throughout the area. This chapter describes Aliabad's environmental setting, introducing those unfamiliar with Southwest Asia to some of the constraints within which its food-producing populations operate, with focus on a few of the distinctive features of this particular region. It presents an ethnographic sketch of Aliabad's population that demonstrates that many organizational features of this community are comparable to those reported for other parts of Southwest Asia. It also provides information on contemporary use of land of Aliabad. Although not all of Aliabad's adult males are landowners, almost all are members of households in which at least one male is engaged in agricultural activity. Agriculture and stockbreeding continue to provide the foundation for subsistence in the Zagros area; despite the village's links with a market economy on both the regional and national level, Aliabad is still largely self-sufficient, producing much of its own food and other plant and animal products, with little salable surplus. The villagers of Aliabad utilize a variety of plants and animals. From an archeological point of view, the importance of both wild and domesticated plants and animals is that they often leave tangible remains that shed light on economic activities. Aliabad's most important animals would leave little archeological evidence in the form of bone refuse, but the economically significant fauna might well be represented by dung both in stables and in the form of processed fuel, in wool and hair products, and more indirectly in stables, troughs, pens, coops, and hives.
Cognitive Complexity Factors in Data Modeling

We live in the age of complexity. Yet, complexity is rarely studied in MIS. The paper studies cognitive complexity in an important IS domain – data modeling. The focus is on novice data modelers. Four major sources of complexity principles are identified: problem solving principles, design principles, information overload, and systems theory. Based on prior literature, the factors that lead to complexity are listed in each category. Each factor is then applied to the context of data modeling to gauge the extent to which it affects data modeling complexity. Redundant factors from different sources are ignored, and closely linked factors are identified. The factors are then integrated to come up with a comprehensive list of factors, which are divided into two categories – those that are intrinsic to data modeling and are difficult to control, and those than can be addressed to minimize data modeling complexity.
The application of computational models to social neuroscience: promises and pitfalls.

Interactions with conspecifics are key to any social species. In order to navigate this social world, it is crucial for individuals to learn from and about others. Whether it is learning a new skill by observing a parent perform it, avoiding negative outcomes, or making complex collective decisions, understanding the mechanisms underlying such social cognitive processes has been of considerable interest to psychologists and neuroscientists, particularly to studies of learning and decision-making. Here, we review studies that have used computational modelling techniques, combined with neuroimaging, to shed light on how people learn and make decisions in social contexts. As opposed to previous methods used in social neuroscience studies, the computational approach allows one to directly examine where in the brain particular computations, as estimated by models of behavior, are implemented. Similar to studies of experiential learning, findings suggest that learning from others can be implemented using several strategies: vicarious reward learning, where one learns from observing the reward outcomes of another agent; action imitation, which relies on encoding a prediction error between the expected and actual actions of the other agent; and social inference, where one learns by inferring the goals and intentions of others. These strategies rely on distinct neural networks, which may be recruited adaptively depending on task demands, the environment and other social factors.
Perceptions outweigh knowledge in predicting support for management strategies in the recreational Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) fishery

Abstract Considering that recreational fisheries represent tightly bound social-ecological systems, the development of effective and holistic policy should involve the consideration of stakeholder interests and behaviors. Yet, integrating stakeholders’ input in fisheries management requires understanding and representing their different values, attitudes, and beliefs. Using survey data from recreational Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) anglers in Massachusetts, this study examined relationships among angler knowledge and perceptions, fishing characteristics, and support for various fishery management measures (e.g., slot limit, reduced bag limits). Results revealed that most anglers underestimated the age at which female Striped Bass reach sexual maturity and the age at which Striped Bass grow to 40” in length. Estimated ages for both metrics increased with fishing experience, but estimates were not influenced by other angler characteristics. Importantly, while precise knowledge of Striped Bass age at maturity (i.e., proximity to actual age at maturity according to the literature) was not correlated with support for more restrictive fishing policies, anglers that believed Striped Bass mature at older ages (i.e., angler perceptions) were more supportive of these policies. Given that a large majority of anglers underestimate Striped Bass age at maturity, initiatives to communicate Striped Bass biology to the angling public could further enhance support. Collectively, these findings illustrate how stakeholder perceptions may influence angler support for fisheries management policies.
Evaluation of Chest Pain and Myocardial Ischemia

About 1% of all outpatient visits are related to chest pain, and of these patients, 1.5% will have unstable angina or an acute myocardial infarction. Chest pain represents a wide spectrum of disease, from benign to life-threatening conditions. The primary care provider has an essential role in the initial evaluation of such patients with a focus on a quick rule out of potential life-threatening conditions and further appropriately triaging the patient. The evaluation of patients with stable symptoms should focus on risk assessment for coronary artery disease and appropriate downstream noninvasive stress testing.
Feinstruktur von Zellwand und Plasmamembran bei Micrasterias denticulata Bréb. nach Gefrierätzung

Gefrieratz-Untersuchungen an rasch eingefrorenen sonst aber unvorbehandelten Zellen vonMicrasterias denticulata ergaben, das die Sekundarwand aus einer fibrillenfreien Ausenschicht, die moglicherweise Lipid-Charakter aufweist, und einer Fibrillenschicht aufgebaut ist. Jede der zu Bandern zusammengefugten Mikrofibrillen (mit Durchmessern bis zu 300 A) der Fibrillenschicht besteht aus zahlreichen „Elementarfibrillen“, die einen ungefahren Durchmesser von 40 bis 50 A aufweisen. In tieferen Lagen der Fibrillenschicht laufen die Mikrofibrillen um den Porus herum, wahrend die auserste Lage der Fibrillenschicht vom Porus „durchbrochen“ wird. Nur diese Lage wird sekundar perforiert; der ubrige Porenkanal entsteht gleichzeitig wahrend des Sekundarwandwachstums. Die Bruchflache der Plasmamembran ist mit zahlreichen, statistisch verteilten Partikeln bedeckt und weist Eindellungen unter jedem Porus auf. Am Rande dieser Eindellungen sind Membranlocher festzustellen, die als Fusionsorte von schleimenthaltenden Vesikeln und der Plasmamembran gedeutet werden.
Testing a variable-length Cognitive Processing Therapy intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder in active duty military: Design and methodology of a clinical trial.

Abstract Combat-related trauma exposures have been associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid mental health conditions. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a 12-session manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy that has emerged as one of the leading evidence-based treatments for combat-related PTSD among military personnel and veterans. However, rates of remission have been less in both veterans and active duty military personnel compared to civilians, suggesting that studies are needed to identify strategies to improve upon outcomes in veterans of military combat. There is existing evidence that varying the number of sessions in the CPT protocol based on patient response to treatment improves outcomes in civilians. This paper describes the rationale, design, and methodology of a clinical trial examining a variable-length CPT intervention in a treatment-seeking active duty sample with PTSD to determine if some service members would benefit from a longer or shorter dose of treatment, and to identify predictors of length of treatment response to reach good end-state functioning. In addition to individual demographic and trauma-related variables, the trial is designed to evaluate factors related to internalizing/externalizing personality traits, neuropsychological measures of cognitive functioning, and biological markers as predictors of treatment response. This study attempts to develop a personalized approach to achieving positive treatment outcomes for service members suffering from PTSD. Determining predictors of treatment response can help to develop an adaptable treatment regimen that returns the greatest number of service members to full functioning in the shortest amount of time.
Repurposing quinacrine for treatment-refractory cancer.

Abstract Quinacrine, also known as mepacrine, has originally been used as an antimalarial drug for close to a century, but was recently rediscovered as an anticancer agent. The mechanisms of anticancer effects of quinacrine are not well understood. The anticancer potential of quinacrine was discovered in a screen for small molecule activators of p53, and was specifically shown to inhibit NFκB suppression of p53. However, quinacrine can cause cell death in cells that lack p53 or have p53 mutations, which is a common occurrence in many malignant tumors including high grade serous ovarian cancer. Recent reports suggest quinacrine may inhibit cancer cell growth through multiple mechanisms including regulating autophagy, FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) chromatin trapping, and the DNA repair process. Additional reports also suggest quinacrine is effective against chemoresistant gynecologic cancer. In this review, we discuss anticancer effects of quinacrine and potential mechanisms of action with a specific focus on gynecologic and breast cancer where treatment-refractory tumors are associated with increased mortality rates. Repurposing quinacrine as an anticancer agent appears to be a promising strategy based on its ability to target multiple pathways, its selectivity against cancer cells, and the synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with other anticancer agents with limited side effects and good tolerability profile.
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Multidimensional Challenge

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is an underreported condition characterized by discomfort elicited through involvement of the ninthcranial nerve. Triggering phenomena and associated vagal nerve involvement creates the potential for an unexpected clinical presentation. In this case report, we present a 60-year-old male who described a shock-like pain throughout his neck and jaw. The patient initially responded to carbamazepine but the clinical course was complicated by cardiac pauses with syncope requiring pacemaker implantation. Failure of pharmacologic treatment led to surgical intervention.
Toward an Understanding of Teachers' Desire for Participation in Decision Making.

An integral component of the restructuring literature rests on the assumption that teachers want to participate in schoolwide decision making. The present study explores this assumption by construc...
Woolf and Hopkins on the Revelatory Particular

Virginia Woolf was clearly interested in the life and poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins, but almost no one has investigated the thematic connections between them. This chapter suggests that, in spite of her own atheism, Woolf pursued a fruitful engagement with Hopkins’ theological aesthetics, as worked out in his poetry. In particular, her dramatization of individual moments of revelation in Mrs. Dalloway follows the model set forth by Hopkins in his poems and theorized in his prose. Reading her authorial choices next to his reveals how much Woolf relied on Christian views of creation, gift, and transcendent experience.
Broken Heart Syndrome Secondary To Liver Abscess.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a well-known mimicker of acute coronary syndrome and is most often seen in postmenopausal women. Though it is most commonly observed after a stressful emotional episode, several infections have also been shown to precipitate this. Here, we describe a unique case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy that was precipitated by liver abscess induced sepsis.
Spotlights and Soundscapes: On the Design of Mixed Reality Auditory Environments for Persons with Visual Impairment

For persons with visual impairment, forming cognitive maps of unfamiliar interior spaces can be challenging. Various technical developments have converged to make it feasible, without specialized equipment, to represent a variety of useful landmark objects via spatial audio, rather than solely dispensing route information. Although such systems could be key to facilitating cognitive map formation, high-density auditory environments must be crafted carefully to avoid overloading the listener. This article recounts a set of research exercises with potential users, in which the optimization of such systems was explored. In Experiment 1, a virtual reality environment was used to rapidly prototype and adjust the auditory environment in response to participant comments. In Experiment 2, three variants of the system were evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in a real-world building. This methodology revealed a variety of optimization approaches and recommendations for designing dense mixed-reality auditory environments aimed at supporting cognitive map formation by visually impaired persons.
Prevalence and outcomes of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with T-cell lymphoma.

e20057Background: T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogeneous group of rare, but aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell function plays a vital role in the immunologic response to P.j...
Effect of Particle Size and Viscosity of Suspensions on Topical Ocular Bioavailability of Budesonide, a Corticosteroid

Purpose: To determine the effect of particle size and viscosity of suspensions on topical ocular bioavailability of budesonide, a corticosteroid drug. Methods: Budesonide microparticle and nanopart...
Lack of Bone-on-Bone Arthritis Is Not a Strict Contraindication for Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a viable option for patients with symptomatic knee arthritis isolated to 1 compartment. Previous articles have suggested that mobile-bearing UKA should not be performed in patients without bone-on-bone arthritis. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and survivorship of mobile-bearing UKA in patients with severe osteoarthritis with bone-on-bone contact and patients with severe osteoarthritis but without bone-on-bone contact. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon's experience with medial compartment mobile-bearing UKA in 219 patients (271 knees) who underwent the procedure between 2007 and 2015. Anteroposterior and posteroanterior radiographs were reviewed, and arthritis was graded using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grading system. Only patients with grade D (severe arthritis) were studied. Of the patients who had grade-D arthritis, there were 81 patients (94 knees) with bone-on-bone arthritis and 82 patients (91 knees) without bone-on-bone contact. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society pain and function scores. Survivorship free of revision in these 2 groups was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves at 8 years. Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age (p = 0.91), sex (p = 0.21), or body mass index (p = 0.63). At the time of the final follow-up, there was no significant difference in Knee Society pain scores (p = 0.59) or Knee Society function scores (p = 0.9) between the 2 groups. There were 5 revisions in the group with bone-on-bone contact and 2 revisions in the group without bone-on-bone contact. The survivorship free of revision at 8 years was 95% for the group with bone-on-bone contact and 98% for the group without bone-on-bone contact (p = 0.45). Conclusions Patients with severe knee arthritis (IKDC grade D) without bone-on-bone contact had similar outcomes of mobile-bearing UKA compared with patients with bone-on-bone contact. UKA is a safe and reliable option in patients with severe osteoarthritis who do not have bone-on-bone contact on preoperative radiographs and it should therefore not be considered a contraindication for mobile-bearing UKA as long as the patient's symptoms are severe enough to warrant surgical intervention. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
IL-2 Plus IL-15 Leads to Enhanced Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Invariant Natural Killer T Cells

Abstract Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been shown to play an important role in immune regulation, defense against pathogens, and cancer immunity, despite representing a minority population of lymphocytes. In particular, emerging murine and human data demonstrate that within this immunoregulatory capacity, iNKT cells function to suppress graft-versus-host disease without loss of the graft-versus-tumor effect, making them ideal to exploit in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Given the key functions of this relatively understudied population, the ability to ex vivo expand human iNKT cells has vital scientific and clinical applications. Therefore, we sought to determine the optimal conditions for iNKT cell expansion and the effects of expansion method on the iNKT cell cytokine production profile. Several expansion culture conditions were explored following initial magnetic bead-based iNKT enrichment and stimulation with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-loaded irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on day 0: inclusion of either IL-2 or IL-2 plus IL-15 and day 10 restimulation with either α-GalCer-loaded irradiated autologous PBMCs or α-GalCer-loaded irradiated K562 cells engineered to express CD1d, CD86, 4-1BBL, and OX40L (“B82” cells; Tian G et al. J Clin Invest. 2016 Jun 1;126(6):2341-55). We found significant heterogeneity in the numbers of circulating iNKT cells in healthy donors, ranging from 0.05-0.3% of CD3+ cells, as well as in the fold expansion obtained following two weeks of in vitro culture. Ex vivo expansion using B82 cells for day 10 stimulation and IL-2 alone routinely yielded viability >90% and purity >95% (Figure 1A), and we obtained a median of 3.5x107 iNKT cells starting from a median of 7.2x108 PBMCs following two weeks of expansion. However, we found that when iNKT cells were expanded with autologous PBMCs used on day 10 for restimulation, fold expansion was higher than when B82 cells were used on day 10 and the inclusion of IL-15 along with IL-2 in the culture media led to substantially enhanced expansion (mean fold expansion for PBMC with IL-2: 458; B82 with IL-2: 314; PBMC with IL-2 plus IL-15: 634; B82 with IL-2 plus IL-15: 375; Figure 1B). Following PMA/ionomycin stimulation, cytokine production profiles were similar regardless of expansion conditions, with nearly all iNKT cells producing IFNγ (ranging 94.4-99.9%), and a smaller fraction of iNKT cells producing IL-4 (ranging 21.0-36.1%). These data describe the ex vivo expansion capacity of iNKT cells and culture conditions which lead to optimal expansion. These results contribute to our understanding of human iNKT cells and could inform the design of future clinical trials utilizing iNKT cells. Download : Download high-res image (122KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A New Correlation-Based Measure of Spike Timing Reliability

We introduce a new correlation-based measure of spike timing reliability. Unlike other measures, it does not require the definition of “events”. It relies on only one parameter, which directly relates to the timescale of spike timing precision. We test the measure in a complex reliability classification task, where model neurons of different dynamics are driven by stimuli with different frequency content and amplitudes. We find that the measure is efficient and faithful in characterizing spike timing reliability, and that it performs as well as the widely used histogram-based measures.
New Travel Time Reliability Methodology for Urban Arterial Corridors

The need for reliable performance measures of urban arterial corridors is increasing because of the rise in traffic congestion and the high value of users’ travel time. Consequently, travel time re...
Separation of Food Colorings via Liquid–Liquid Extraction: An At-Home Organic Chemistry Lab

Herein, we describe an accessible and safe organic chemistry lab experiment that can be completed at home. Liquid–liquid extraction is a fundamental organic chemistry lab experiment that touches on topics such as chemical structure, density, solubility, and acid–base chemistry. Given the increased demand for safe organic chemistry experiments that can be performed in the at-home environment, we have adapted the conventional wet lab liquid–liquid extraction experience by using food colorants. Students are first guided through sample questions to establish a basic understanding of solubility, acid–base chemistry, and separation via extraction techniques. Next, they are given unknown dye mixtures which they subject to liquid–liquid extraction using a plastic soda bottle with vegetable oil, water, white vinegar, and sodium bicarbonate. All materials are readily available and food-safe, making the experiment amenable to the at-home environment while still allowing students to physically engage in a foundational lab experiment.
Atlantoaxial limited dorsal myeloschisis: A report of two cases and review of literature

Abstract Introduction Limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) is a rare form of spinal dysraphism that is characterised by a distinctive fibroneural stalk connecting the spinal cord to the overlying skin lesion. The skin lesions associated with LDM can appear benign clinically and careful evaluation with an MRI scan is essential for diagnosing LDM and to differentiate this entity from other forms of spinal dysraphism and benign causes of skin lesions. Research question There is a lack of reported atlantoaxial LDM in the literature. We sought to report the clinical presentation, radiological features and surgical management of the first two reported atlantoaxial LDM. Material and methods Clinical findings and radiological images of the two cases of atlantoaxial LDM that underwent surgical intervention at our institution were retrieved from the medical notes, operative records and imaging system. Results Both cases of atlantoaxial LDM (C0-1 and C1-2 respectively) underwent successful resection of the overlying cutaneous lesions and stalks to release the tethered spinal cords. Discussion The surgical management of LDM have been associated with good outcomes and consists of resecting the fibroneural stalk close to the underlying cord, releasing the tethered spinal cord and removing the overlying cutaneous lesion. Conclusion These are the first two reported cases of atlantoaxial LDM in the literature. We aim to raise awareness of this pathological entity and highlight the importance of establishing the correct diagnosis to guide definitive management, and report the favourable neurological outcome in these cases despite the rostral location.
Speech Communities: Youth communities: the Hiphop Nation

This chapter investigates the linguistic, discourse and ideological aspects of the Hiphop speech community in the US and globally. The hiphop speech community is largely made up of youth who function both as an imagined cultural community and, just as importantly, as a community of imagination. As Morgan and Bennett argue, hiphop's “artistic and linguistic practices are not merely part of its culture, but the central driving force that defines and sustains it” (2011: 12). Members assume that there are others that communicate and participate in similar activities and practices. The use of the term “Hiphop Nation” to describe the citizens of the global Hiphop cultural community has not been officially declared, but it is increasingly common. Citizenship in the Hiphop Nation is not defined by conventional national, social or racial boundaries, but by a commitment to Hiphop's multimedia arts culture that represents the social and political lives of its members (Forman and Neal 2004; Keyes 2004; Morgan 2009c). Moreover, because most Hiphop artists are self-taught or taught by peers in the Hiphop community, it has empowered young people from all socioeconomic backgrounds to participate in their own right. The Hiphop speech community Irrespective of where in the world one finds Hiphop, it incorporates local, national and culturally marked symbols to represent space, place and context. The term Hiphop refers to the artistic elements of: (1) deejaying and turntablism; (2) the delivery and lyricism of rapping and MCing; (3) breakdancing and other forms of Hiphop dance; (4) graffiti art and writing; and (5) a “fifth element” that unites them all – knowledge. Hiphop knowledge refers to the cultural, aesthetic, social, linguistic, intellectual and political identities, beliefs, behaviors and values produced and embraced by its members, who generally think of Hiphop as an identity, a worldview and a way to say the truth. American writer and social activist Kevin Powell (2003) explains the Hiphop lifestyle: When I say I am a hiphop head, I mean that I speak hiphop, I dress hiphop, I walk hiphop, I think out of the box, like hiphop, and that, as KRS-One famously said, I am hiphop . And I understand that hiphop, really, is a reaction to the failures of the United States government to help poor people, since it was poor people who created hiphop in the first place, and that hiphop is also a reaction to racism and oppression. (Powell 2003)