cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Place to Protest

The national media converged on Baltimore, Charleston, and Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014 and 2015 to cover protests in response to police violence toward African American males. Although national and local media covered the events and the aftermath, alternative media sought to provide additional viewpoints and spur readers to respond. This study analyzed the practices, content, and public discourse connected to alternative weekly newspapers in Baltimore, Charleston, and St. Louis. The study examined whether the publications reflected ideal roles of alternative media, including representing different viewpoints, using non-traditional methods of content, and providing a space for the public to challenge systems of power and oppression. The authors also studied the online forums associated with all three publications, including each organization’s website and Facebook page, as potential spaces for alternative publics to emerge around a shared interest in collective action. The publications showed some characte...
Surface location of alkaline-earth-metal-atom impurities on helium nanodroplets

There has been notable uncertainty regarding the degree of solvation of alkaline-earth-metals atoms, especially Mg, in free $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ nanodroplets. We have measured the electron energy dependence of the ionization yield of picked-up atoms. There is a qualitative shape difference between the yield curves of species solvated in the middle of the droplet and species located in the surface region; this difference arises from the enhanced role played by the Penning ionization process in the latter case. The measurements demonstrate that Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba all reside at or near the droplet surface.
Outflows in Quasars: Radiative Acceleration and Variability

I give an overview of outflows associated with quasars and other Active Galactic Nuclei. Two topics are discussed in detail: 1) A promising observed signature of radiative acceleration “the ghost of Lyα.” The best examples of the signature and model fits are shown and the radiative dynamics explained. This signature strongly suggests that the dominant acceleration mechanism for the outflows is radiative acceleration via resonance line. scattering. 2) Variability in the outflows and its implications. Unlike stellar wind variability, the absorption features in AGN outflows have very stable velocity position and variability is only detected in the depth of the features. The mechanism responsible for this variability is probably changes in the ionizing flux of the AGN.
Quantum Melting and Isotope Effects from Diffusion Monte Carlo Studies of p-H2 Clusters.

We present a rigorous characterization of the ground state structures of p-H2 clusters and their isotopologues using diffusion Monte Carlo combined with the inherent structures analysis. For the N = 19 cluster we explore the effect of “quantum melting” by quantifying the contributions of local minima to the ground state as a function of continuously varying particle mass. Doubling the cluster size leads to an enormous increase of its complexity: the ground state of (p-H2)38 is highly delocalized over a large number of minima representing all the funnels of the potential energy surface. The ground state of (o-D2)38 is also delocalized, but over a smaller subset of minima, which exclusively belong to the same disordered motif.
A time-stepping analytical model for 3D transient vapor chamber transport

Advances in the computational performance of electronic devices have created a clear need for improved methods of passive thermal management. This has led to renewed interest in the use of vapor chambers as heat spreaders in applications ranging from mobile devices to high-performance-computing and power electronics systems. While there has been significant effort to develop vapor chambers for these applications, their designs have largely relied on steady-state analyses and performance prediction. In many applications, however, the heat load is inherently transient in nature. Heat spreader design must consider transient performance in response to these use-case scenarios. While detailed numerical models of transient vapor chamber operation have been developed, a transient modeling approach with low computational cost is needed for parametric study and quick assessment of vapor chamber performance in system-level models. In the current work, a low-cost, transient vapor chamber model is developed targeting the geometries and operating conditions typical of thermal management applications. The model considers mass, momentum, and energy transport in the vapor chamber wall, wick, and vapor core as well as phase change at the wick-vapor interface. The governing equations are simplified to a system of first-order differential equations based on a scaling analysis and assuming a functional form for the temperature profile along the thickness dimension. For an example case, the model is demonstrated to have a computational cost reduction of three to four orders of magnitude as compared to using a finite-volume discretized numerical model, but with comparable levels of accuracy.
Residual Daytime Effects of Hypnotics

Among the prices we pay for taking hypnotics is decreased performance on cognitive and motor tasks long after the clinical hypnotic effect has ceased. This problem is compounded by observations that in some cases the patient may be unaware of drug-induced impairment. The background waking EEG and the auditory EEG evoked response may also be altered for many hours on the day following hypnotic administration. Although the significance of these electrophysiologic changes is unclear, they do suggest at least that hypnotics alter normal physiology for prolonged periods, and they are perhaps the most sensitive available measures of residual effects. This section will describe these residual effects of hypnotics on electrophysiology and psychomotor performance, with emphasis on effects which occur at least 8 hr after nocturnal drug administration.
An Integrated Development Environment for Spoken Dialogue Systems

Development environments for spoken dialogue processing systems are of particular interest because the turn-around time for a dialogue system is high while at the same time a considerable amount of components can be reused with little or no modifications. We describe an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for spoken dialogue systems. The IDE allows application designers to interactively specify reusable building blocks called dialogue packages for dialogue systems. Each dialogue package consists of an assembly of data sources, including an object-oriented domain model, a task model and grammars. We show how the dialogue packages can be specified through a graphical user interface with the help of a wizard.
Running to Stand Still: The Challenge of Keeping Up with Library Trends

New and Noteworthy review column focusing on keeping up with library and information science news and trends.
Urachal Remnants in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Abdominal Pain.

Abstract Background Rare causes of abdominal pain include abnormalities of the urachus, including patent urachus and urachal cyst with or without infection. However, reviews discussing etiology of abdominal pain, even in children, may completely omit mention of urachal remnants. Objectives Determine the incidence of symptomatic urachal remnants in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), including common presenting findings and method of diagnosis. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain who were diagnosed with urachal remnants, including patent urachus or urachal cyst or abscess over a period of 11 years and 7 months in one hospital. Results There were a total of 833,317 ED visits over the time period of the chart review, with 76,954 patients or 9.2% presenting with a complaint of abdominal pain. Twenty-four patients were identified, or 0.03% of those presenting with abdominal pain. Ages ranged from 16 days to 59 years. Among those 18 years or older, there was a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 of 14 patients. Thirteen patients (54.2%) initially presented with drainage from the umbilicus. Conclusions Although rare, symptomatic disorders of urachal remnants may present at any age. These disorders should be kept in mind by the emergency physician among the broad list of differential diagnoses accounting for abdominal pain. Urachal cyst and abscess may present with or without drainage from the umbilicus. Drainage from the umbilicus is highly suggestive, but not pathognomonic, of a urachal anomaly, and patients should be imaged to make a definite diagnosis and assist in the management plan.
Selective production of the acyclic monoterpene β-myrcene by microplantlet suspension cultures of the macrophytic marine red alga Ochtodes secundiramea under nutrient perfusion cultivation with bromide-free medium

Abstract This study demonstrated the selective production of a single acyclic monoterpene, β-myrcene, by photosynthetic, clonal microplantlet suspension cultures of the macrophytic red alga Ochtodes secundiramea (Cryptonemiales, Rhizophyllidaceae). Microplantlets were cultivated within an airlift photobioreactor under continuous medium perfusion with enhanced nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) and 3500 ppm CO2 in the aeration gas to provide nutrient-replete conditions. The removal of bromide (Br-) and vanadate (VO43−) from the medium shut down bromoperoxidase-catalyzed halogenation, so that only the common precursor to halogenated monoterpenes, β-myrcene, accumulated within the biomass. Nutrient-replete cultivation enabled near-exponential biomass production to density of 6 g DW/L, with specific growth rate of 4.4 ± 0.1% per day over the 36 day cultivation period at near-saturation light intensity. Myrcene was produced during biomass production, and the specific rate of β-myrcene production within the biomass exceeded the specific rate of biomass production, so that β-myrcene accumulated within the biomass. Increasing the mean light intensity from approximately 60 to 95% of light saturation linearly increased the growth rate, but did not increase the specific rate of β-myrcene production. At near saturation light intensity, the specific rate of β-myrcene production was 6.8 ± 0.7% per day (1.0 S.E.) with yield of 40 μmol/g DW after 36 days. Although the yields of β-myrcene were low (0.6 wt% in biomass), the potential for high biomass density, ease of microplantlet separation, and high selectivity of hydrocarbon biosynthesis suggest that microplantlets of terpenoid-producing red macroalgae have promise as a new platform for advanced hydrocarbon biofuel production from CO2, provided new strategies can be developed to enhance monoterpene yield.
In-hospital and 90-day outcomes after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation for pediatric chronic and acute recurrent pancreatitis.

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is used to treat debilitating chronic pancreatitis (CP) and acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) that has failed medical and endoscopic therapy. We performed a retrospective review of TPIAT patients at a free-standing children’s hospital to evaluate perioperative outcomes. Twenty patients (median age 13, 65% female) underwent TPIAT (2015 through 2017). Of the 20 patients, 95% had CP and 1 patient (5%) had ARP alone. Seventy-five percent of the patients had a pancreatitis-associated genetic mutation; 40% had pancreas divisum. The median surgical time was 757 (IQR 657 to 835) minutes. Median islet equivalents per kg of body weight (IEQ/kg) were 6404 (IQR 5018 to 7554). At 90 days postoperatively vs preoperatively, significantly fewer patients were receiving parenteral nutrition (0% vs 25%, P = .006) and opioids (45% vs 75%, P = .01). Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) physical health module scores and total scores improved (34.0 preoperatively vs 54.6 at 90 days, P = .008, and 47.1 vs 65.3, P = .007, respectively); SF-10 physical health scores also improved (13.4 vs 33.1, P = .02). Insulin requirement decreased from 0.5 unit/kg/day to 0.4 unit/kg/day between discharge and 90 days (P = .02). TPIAT is an effective option when debilitating disease persists despite maximal medical and endoscopic therapy. Opioid, parenteral nutrition, and exogenous insulin use can successfully be weaned within 90 days after TPIAT, with gains in health-related quality of life.
DESI Spray Stability in the Negative Ion Mode Is Dependent on Relative Humidity

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), have been increasingly used due to their simplicity, minimal sample preparation requirements, and potential applications in the field and the clinic. However, due to their intrinsic nature, the performance of these methods is susceptible to variations in ambient conditions. Here, we present data that suggests DESI-MS analysis becomes inconsistent below a relative humidity (RH) level of ~ 35%. At low RH, we hypothesize that the DESI spray is subjected to frequent electrical discharges, resulting in unstable ionization and atypical mass spectra. Consequentially, poor image quality is observed when used for tissue imaging. Our results suggest that RH control should be considered in DESI-MS experiments to assure data quality.
Homelessness research: A guide for economists (and friends)

Abstract This paper surveys research on homelessness. The emphases are on the last decade, rather than earlier; and the United States, rather than the rest of the world. The approach is more idiosyncratic than encyclopedic. The field has been converging on the conclusion that housing subsidies are the most attractive policy for reducing homelessness, but the optimal arrangement of subsidies is not obvious. Economists have much to contribute, in both theory—mechanism design and general equilibrium—and empirics. Aggregate-level studies can be used more for finding out what the effects of different policies are, and individual-level studies can be used more for assessing the costs and benefits of those effects.
Prolegomena: Mind and Its Place in Nature

In this first lecture Quine argues for a physicalistic monism and examines how mentalistic discourse can be located in that framework. He defends the following standard: a mental event qualifies as physically genuine if it is specifiable strictly by physiological description, presumably neurological, without any appeal to mentalistic terms. He further characterizes the basic mentalistic level that his view can accept: the learning process involving perception, expectation, action and pleasure, which all have important neural analogues. It is from this starting point that he further speculates how it is possible to move from such perceptual events to our knowledge of nature. Lastly, he reflects more generally on what epistemology looks like when it is placed within this physicalist framework with its focus on language.
Management of Oroantral Communications

An oroantral communication (OAC) is a pathologic opening between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. OACs occur most often as a result of surgical manipulation during dental extraction of posterior teeth but can also occur as a result of other maxillofacial surgical procedures, facial trauma or pathologic processes of the maxilla. If the OAC remains patent for a prolonged period of time, and the surface of the tract epithelializes, it often becomes a permanent pathologic condition known as an oroantral fistula (OAF). These pathologic tracts may require medical and/or surgical management. Over the years, various techniques to manage them have been described. In this chapter we discuss the etiology of OACs and OAFs, the relevant anatomy, and surgical techniques both for avoiding development of pathologic communications and for repair of them if they occur.
Simplified Stress Design of Helicoidal HSS Beams

AbstractTo facilitate the initial stress design of three-dimensional (3D) curved hollow structural steel (HSS) steel (i.e., helicoidal) beams and rapid early-stage topology decisions, a series of d...
Adolescent Students Who Stutter: A Qualitative Exploration of School Experiences

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which adolescent students who stutter perceive their school experiences. Method This study used a qualitative, phenomenological research...
Emotion regulation mediates relationships between perceived childhood invalidation, emotional reactivity, and emotional eating.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is informed by the biosocial model which suggests that emotional sensitivity and childhood invalidation interact to influence emotion dysregulation, leading to be...
English Expressive Narrative Skill Matters for Sociodramatic Play in Classrooms with Multiple Home Languages Represented

Research Findings: A substantial body of research has demonstrated social and academic benefits of sociodramatic play (SDP) for young children. However, substantially less research has explored the...
What is the 'Right' Inventory Management Approach for a Purchased Item?

Purpose - How should a firm decide which of four choices - i.e. inventory speculation, inventory postponement, inventory consignment, and reverse inventory consignment - is most appropriate to adopt for a given purchased item in a particular context? This paper seeks to identify and explain the critical factors that drive this decision. Design/methodology/approach - By conducting a review of relevant literature and deriving anecdotal observations from four case studies. Findings - This decision is influenced by three factors - customer demand or usage requirements, nature of the supply line and bargaining power of a firm relative to the supplier. Research limitations/implications - From the perspective of science, the conduct of both empirical research to augment the reported anecdotal evidence and conceptual research along a number of directions (e.g. to juxtapose the research findings in existing theories, to examine variations of the four "pure" inventory management approaches, or to consider the vantage point of the supplying firm rather than that of the buying firm) is encouraged. Practical implications - As for the perspective of practice, the critical factors serve as the basis for the articulation of a decision framework - one that should help firms not only pin-point the most relevant issues concerning a particular purchased item but also to avoid the costly mistake of selecting a less-than-ideal inventory management approach. Originality/value - These critical factors, along with the proposed decision framework, extend prior research which has focused only on choosing between the inventory speculation approach and the inventory postponement approach.
Continuous Integration, In-Code Documentation, and Automation for Nuclear Quality Assurance Conformance

The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) is an open-source, finite element framework for solving highly coupled sets of nonlinear equations. The development of the framework ...
Focused ultrasound stimulation on meibomian glands for the treatment of evaporative dry eye.

Current treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction have several limitations, creating a necessity for other advanced treatment options. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness o...
A quantitative analysis of peroxy-mediated cyclic regeneration of eosin under oxygen-rich photopolymerization conditions

Abstract Eosin, a photoreducible xanthene, reacts with tertiary amines and initiates the free radical photopolymerization of aqueous solutions of acrylate monomers. This reaction proceeds even in the presence of a large excess (∼1000×) of inhibiting oxygen via a mechanism that has not been established conclusively. This chemistry has proven useful in the area of biosensing, where the formation of a hydrogel on the time scale of seconds serves as a macroscopic, amplified signal that can be connected to molecular recognition events. In this work, we built a kinetic model to quantitatively explore a mechanism in which eosin is regenerated through the reaction of eosin-based radicals with peroxy-radicals formed from oxygen-inhibition reactions. To determine whether the predictions of this model are consistent with conversion profiles measured using real-time FTIR, we refrained from fitting rate constants or other unknown parameters associated with individual steps in the mechanism to the conversion profile. Rather, we considered physical upper bounds and performed sensitivity analyses spanning several orders of magnitude to predict the reactivity of the system. We explored the effects of the peroxy-mediated regeneration rate constant, kregen, and the initial eosin concentration on the irradiation time that is required to reach a C C bond conversion of 0.2 (t0.2). At this C C bond conversion, the aqueous monomer solutions studied herein have become hydrogels. The predictions of the model capture several trends that we have observed experimentally. However, even when the rate constants associated with eosin regeneration via reaction with peroxy-species are set at the physical upper bounds, the values of t0.2 predicted by the model are much larger than those that we observed experimentally. The results presented herein motivate and provide a framework for future work to more fully elucidate the mechanism of this interesting and useful photopolymerization reaction.
Producing Family Time: Practices of Leisure Activity Beyond the Home

Family life is conducted in public as well as at home, but the public aspect of family activity is seldom studied (a pattern that tends to reproduce “privatized” notions of family life). This observational study examines one site for public family activity, the community zoo. I show that visiting the zoo involves the group in a routinized activity that reinforces significant social boundaries, including those of family membership. Conceptually, the analysis identifies parental work practices—based on mostly implicit ideologies of family life—whose skills are treated at some moments as unremarkable and in other circumstances as key signifiers of “good parenting.” My aim is to bring into view the settings and circumstances within which parents pursue such activities with children, thereby illustrating an analytic approach that locates these practices within a broader social landscape.
Making Social Work Practice More Scientific

This chapter examines the challenge of making social work practice more scientific. Throughout the social work profession's history, there has been a gap between research and practice. Efforts to try to bridge that gap have had little success in the face of agency realities and epistemological battles. Recommendations are made for preventing the erosion of evidentiary standards and thus reducing the chances that EBP will become a meaningless shibboleth. Keywords: evidence-based practice; scientific practice; research utilization; epistemological battles; research-practice gap; research hierarchy; evidentiary standards
Polypeptide products of nonsense mutations: I. Termination fragments from nonsense mutations in the Z gene of the lac operon of Escherichia coli

Abstract A sensitive, specific method of detecting the N-terminal region of the β-galactosidase molecule is described. This method is used to measure the quantities and molecular weights of nonsense termination fragments produced by many Z − nonsense mutants. The quantity of the fragment varies over a hundredfold range but is always less than the wild-type enzyme. There is no simple correlation between either map position or polarity and amount of fragment present. The molecular weights of the fragments increase continuously with map distance from the operator end of the Z gene.
High-fidelity modeling of nanosystems: novel methods and paradigms

Recent scientific and technological developments have stimulated basic, applied, and experimental research in nanoengineering, nanoscience, and nanotechnology advancing fundamental paradigms. Contemporary results in nonlinear quantum electromagnetics and mechanics, advances in modeling and simulation of complex nanosystems, bio-mimicking and prototyping, discovery of new phenomena and effects, as well as rapid engineering/technological advances in fabrication (molecular wires, carbon nanotubes, thin films, et cetera), provide enabling benefits and capabilities to devise and fabricate new nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Critical problems that remain to be addressed and solved are the fundamental research to model, simulate, and analyze NEMS. High-fidelity modeling, heterogeneous simulation and data-intensive analysis must be performed. Using the developed paradigms, we examine these problems for NEMS and report the promising solution of the Schrodinger equation using the optimality principle.
Corticothalamic modulation during absence seizures in rats: a functional MRI assessment.

Summary: Purpose: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify areas of brain activation during absence seizures in an awake animal model. Methods: Blood-oxygenation-level–dependent (BOLD) fMRI in the brain was measured by using T2*-weighted echo planar imaging at 4.7 Tesla. BOLD imaging was performed before, during, and after absence seizure induction by using γ-butyrolactone (GBL; 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Results: The corticothalamic circuitry, critical for spike–wave discharge (SWD) formation in absence seizure, showed robust BOLD signal changes after GBL administration, consistent with EEG recordings in the same animals. Predominantly positive BOLD changes occurred in the thalamus. Sensory and parietal cortices showed mixed positive and negative BOLD changes, whereas temporal and motor cortices showed only negative BOLD changes. Conclusions: With the BOLD fMRI technique, we demonstrated signal changes in brain areas that have been shown, with electrophysiology experiments, to be important for generating and maintaining the SWDs that characterize absence seizures. These results corroborate previous findings from lesion and electrophysiological experiments and show the technical feasibility of noninvasively imaging absence seizures in fully conscious rodents.
Current Issues in Gynecology: Screening for Ovarian Cancer in the Average Risk Population and Diagnostic Evaluation of Postmenopausal Bleeding

Current data do not support ovarian cancer screening in women who are at average risk, with any screening regimen (moderate evidence). Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is preferred as the initial test in evaluating women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) who are not on tamoxifen (moderate evidence). Histologic sampling is necessary in women with PMB and a positive TVUS (moderate evidence). Hysteroscopy and curettage is the preferred diagnostic test over Pipelle endometrial biopsy, to detect polyps and other benign lesions (limited evidence). In women with PMB and tamoxifen use, hysteroscopy and curettage is preferred as the initial diagnostic test (limited evidence).
Solar energy: older than the earth itself

A brief review of solar heating and cooling of buildings is presented. The Corning high performance solar collector is described. (WDM)
Synthesis and Reactivity of the 9- and 10-Vertex Iron−Monocarborane Anions [7,7,7-(CO)3-closo-7,1-FeCB7H8]- and [6,6,6,10,10,10-(CO)6-closo-6,10,1-Fe2CB7H8]-

The reagent [NBun4][closo-1-CB7H8] reacts with [Fe3(CO)12] in THF at reflux temperatures to give the anion [7,7,7-(CO)3-closo-7,1-FeCB7H8]-, isolated as the [N(PPh3)2]+ salt (1a). Further heating with excess [Fe3(CO)12] inserts a second {Fe(CO)3} fragment to yield [6,6,6, 10,10,10-(CO)6-closo-6,10,1-Fe2CB7H8]-, also isolated as its [N(PPh3)2]+ salt (2). Compounds 1a and 2 react with [CuCl(PPh3)]4 and Tl[PF6] to yield the bi- and trimetallic complexes [6,7,9-{Cu(PPh3)}-6,9-(μ-H)2-7,7,7-(CO)3-closo-7,1-FeCB7H6] (4) and [7,10-{Cu(PPh3)}-7-(μ-H)-6,6,6,10,10,10-(CO)6-closo-6,10,1-Fe2CB7H7] (5), respectively. Compound 2 with Ag[PF6] and PPh3 fails to give the analogous Ag−Fe2CB7 species, but instead under oxidative conditions one {Fe(CO)3} moiety is removed from the anion of 2 and the anion of 1a is isolated as the [Ag(PPh3)3]+ salt (1b). The bimetallic species [6,7,9-{Ag(PPh3)}-6,9-(μ-H)2-7,7,7-(CO)3-closo-7,1-FeCB7H6] (6) is also obtained. Treatment of 2 with CF3SO3H in donor solvents L yields the zwitterioni...
COEXISTENCE OF LOCALIZED AND ITINERANT CARRIERS NEAR TC IN CALCIUM-DOPED MANGANITES

We explore the possibility that polaronic distortions in the paramagnetic phase of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ manganites persist in the ferromagnetic phase by considering the observed electrical resistivity to arise from coexisting field- and temperature-dependent polaronic and band-electron fractions. We use an effective medium approach to compute the total resistivity of the two-component system, and find that a limit with low percolation threshold explains the data rather well. To test the validity of this model, we apply it to the thermoelectric coefficient. We propose a plausible mean-field model that reproduces the essential features of a microscopic model and provides a comparison with the experimental mixing fraction, as well as the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility.
Multiply supported secondary systems part I: Response spectrum analysis

A response spectrum procedure is developed for seismic analysis of multiply supported secondary systems. The formulation is based on the random vibration analysis of structural systems subjected to correlated inputs applied at several supports. For a proper response spectrum analysis of a multiple support system, the support inputs are required to be defined in terms of the auto and cross pseudo-acceleration and relative velocity floor response spectra. Also information about the floor displacements and velocities as well as their correlations is required. The response of the secondary system is expressed as a combination of the dynamic and pseudo-static response components. The dynamic component is associated with the inertial effects of the support accelerations, whereas the pseudo-static component is due to the displacement of the supports relative to each other. Herein, the correlation between these two parts of the response is included through a term called the cross response component. Each of these components of the response can be calculated by a response spectrum method. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples.
A linear least squares algorithm for bearings-only target motion analysis

Traditional bearings-only target motion analysis (TMA) statistical models assume a priori that measurements are independent when conditioned on the target. This paper presents a novel track-before-detect "empirical" maximum a posteriori (EMAP) approach in which measurements are assumed independent prior to the detection decision. The EMAP estimators proposed here are joint detection/estimation methods whose intended use is target tracking. A limiting case of the EMAP formulation is shown to be equivalent to the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) formulation. Triangulation and constant velocity target examples are presented. The EMAP algorithm is an iteratively re-weighted linear least squares algorithm for these problems, and has significantly lower computational complexity than the standard ML estimator.
The medicinal plant working group and community conservation : A work in progress

Noted anthropologist Margaret Mead once said, "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world. Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has." Her statement sums up the philosophy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Medicinal Plant Working Group. This is the story of that group. It is the story of the evolution of an idea and the determination required to make it real. It is a story of community involvement and of people who care enough about plants to develop strategies to help ensure their future survival. This is the history of the Medicinal Plant Working Group (MPWG) under the guidance and leadership of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). It includes how it evolved, the projects to date, field data collected, and the community of people who have made it successful.
Volterra series in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Nonparametric black-box modeling has a long successful history of applications in pharmacokinetics (PK) (notably in deconvolution), but is rarely used in pharmacodynamics (PD). The main reason is associated with the fact that PK systems are often linear in respect to drug inputs, while the reverse is true for many PK/PD systems. In the PK/PD field existing non-parametric methods can deal with linear systems, but they cannot describe non-linear systems. Our purpose is to describe a novel implementation of a general nonparametric model which can represent non-linear systems, and in particular non-linear PK/PD systems. The model is based on a Volterra series, which is an integral series expansion of the response of a system in terms of its kernels and the inputs to the system. In PK we are familiar with the first term of the Volterra series: the convolution of the first kernel of the system (the so-called PK disposition function) with drug input rates. The main advantages of higher order Volterra representations is that they are general representations and can be used to describe and predict the response of an arbitrary (PK/PD) system without any prior knowledge on the structure of the system. The main problem of the representation is that in a non-parametric representation of the kernels the number of parameters to be estimated grows geometrically with the order of the kernel. We developed a method to estimate the kernels in a Volterra-series which overcomes this problem. The method (i) is fully non-parametric (the kernels are represented using multivariate splines), (ii) is maximum-likelihood based, (iii) is adaptive (the order of the series and the dimensionality of each kernel is selected by the method), and (iv) allows for non-equispaced observations (thus allowing a reduction of the number of parameters in the representation, and the analysis of, e.g., PK/PD observations). The method is based on an adaptation of Friedmans’s Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline method. Examples demonstrate the possible application of the approach to the analysis of different PK/PD systems.
Purpose without Consciousness: A Contradiction

The concept of purpose has deteriorated epistemologically to such an extent that psychologists now refuse to use it as a scientific term. The cause of this confusion is the failure of scientists to...
Density Measurements of Binary Supercritical Fluid Ethane/Cosolvent Mixtures

Densities of binary supercritical mixtures of ethane with cosolvents, ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, have been measured by a constant volume apparatus. Measurements were made in the range 0.7 to 2.0 mol % cosolvent and at pressures from 49.8 to 105.7 bar at 308.2 K. Despite the low cosolvent composition, all mixture densities deviate significantly from the density of pure ethane in the highly compressible region. Mixture densities calculated by the PR-EOS give only a qualitative representation of the experimental data.
Factors Related to Attitudes Toward Death among American and Chinese Older Adults

This study examines the relationship between five dimensions of attitude toward death (fear of death, death avoidance, neutral acceptance of death, approach acceptance of death, and escape acceptance of death) and three selected personal factors (spirituality, emotional support, and religiosity) among American and Chinese older adults. A total of 178 older adults consisting of 91 Americans living in Columbus, Ohio, and surrounding suburban areas, and 87 Chinese living in Taipei, Taiwan, participated in this study. Among Americans, the results reveal that spirituality influences both fear and avoidance of death attitudes, and that spirituality and religiosity contribute to both approach acceptance and escape acceptance of death attitudes. Among Chinese, spirituality influences fear of death attitudes and religiosity influences approach acceptance of death attitudes. For both American and Chinese subjects, neutral acceptance death attitude is not influenced by any selected personal factors and emotional sup...
What Happened to Gender Relations on the Way from Chicago to Los Angeles

From the Chicago human ecologists to the Los Angeles postmodernists, urban theorists have tried to understand how space is structured by technological, political, economic, and cultural forces; gender is seldom examined. Yet both women’s status and urban form underwent significant changes following World War II. As the home became less predictably the center of women’s lives, the monocentric city was evolving into the polycentric metropolis. This article suggests that gender relations also have spatial implications for the metropolis, and that urban theory would be more comprehensive if it incorporated historically parallel developments in the literature on gender and space. Professor Michael Dear issued an invitation to debate the merits of the Chicago and Los Angeles Schools of urban theory in the first issue of this journal. To briefly summarize his excellent essay, the Chicago human ecologists described the monocentric city as an organism driven by population invasion and succession, whereas the Los Angeles postmodernists interpret globalization and economic restructuring as forces shaping the contemporary metropolis. In the intervening years numerous theories focused on transportation and communication technology, cultural practices, the political economy, growth coalitions, and public-private regimes as the key processes driving urban development. Curiously missing from this list of explanations, however, is the role of gender relations. The purpose of this article is to bring the issue of gender into the debate about urban theory. Neither the Chicago School at the beginning of the 20th century nor the Los Angeles School at its end adequately incorporated gender relations into theories of urban structure. Yet women’s options in 1900 centered around the home, while their options in 2000 incorporated the workplace as well. The “walking city” of urban nostalgia still existed after home and work were separated for men. Only when women began to leave the home as well (in conjunction with the advent of the automobile) did the real spatial revolution begin. World War II marked a turning point in the transformation of the monocentric industrial city into the polycentric informational metropolis.
INFLUENCE OF d-ORBITAL OCCUPANCY ON THE GEOMETRY OF PENTACOORDINATED MOLECULES

Abstract A quantitative assessment of solid-state structural data on five coordinated compounds of both transition and main group elements establishes the geometrical change in the square pyramid as a function of d-orbital configuration. In terms of the trans basal angle θ, a variation in the range 140–174° is obtained. These angle variations are interpreted in terms of nonbonded repulsions between d-orbital electron density and bond electron density. Structural distortion from the trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal geometries are determined for the five-coordinated compounds by using a dihedral angle method. It is found that the local distortion coordinate for transition-metal complexes approximates the Berry intramolecular exchange coordinate. Main group pentacoordinated compounds follow this coordinate more closely.
Hemifacial spasm: Results of electrophysiologic recording during microvascular decompression operations

Electroplhysiologic recordings were made from patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) during microvascular decompression (MVD) operations to see if spasm and synkinesis are caused by ephaptic transmission at the site of lesion (root entry zone [REZ] of the facial nerve). The response from the orbicularis oculi muscle to electrical stimulation of the marginal mandibular nerve had a 2.2-msec longer latency (average of 16 patients) than the sum of the conduction times of the parts of the facial nerve that would be involved if the response was the result of ephaptic transmission at the REZ of the seventh cranial nerve. Similar results were obtained when the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve was stimulated. These results indicate that the facial motonucleus is involved in HFS.
THORACIC RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN DOGS INFECTED WITH RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII

Sixteen beagle dogs were injected intradermally with Rickettsia rickettsii. The dogs were divided into four groups (n = 4): 1) infected, non-treated control; 2) infected, treated with doxycycline; 3) infected, treated with doxycycline and an anti-inflammatory dose of corticosteroid; and 4) infected, treated with doxycycline and an immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroid. Thoracic radiographs were made and ocular fluorescein angiography was performed on days 6, 10, 17 post-inoculation. A mild interstitial lung opacity was noted in 4/16 dogs on day 6, 5/16 on day 10 and 3/16 on day 17 post-inoculation. Increased retinal vascular permeability was noted in 8/16 dogs on day 6, 3/16 on day 10 and 1/16 on day 17 post-inoculation. Correlation between the presence of radiographic and retinal lesions was not significant (p = 0.08). Eleven, naturally infected, dogs with thoracic radiographs and a final diagnosis of RMSF were also evaluated. Four of the 11 dogs had an unstructured interstitial pattern. Dogs with acute, experimentally-infected or naturally-occurring RMSF may have subtle pulmonary changes characterized by an unstructured interstitial pattern.
Rapid room-temperature polymerization of bio-based multiaziridine-containing compounds

Successful Michael addition under mild reaction conditions resulted in the grafting of 2-methyl aziridine onto acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, and the aziridine content was titrated as 0.00413 mol g−1. Multiaziridine-containing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO-AZ) was then subjected to rapid room-temperature polymerization with succinic acid, citric acid, and an isosorbide-based diacid, respectively. The polyacids were added to AESO-AZ at stoichiometric ratios. The resulting polymeric materials were cast into films in order to investigate their thermo-mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile stress–strain tests were performed. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples suggested that increased functionality of the carboxylic acid groups in the polyacids may have effectively increased Tg, while the rigid rings in isosorbide did not have significant impact on Tg. This work illustrates the feasibility of synthesizing bio-based multiaziridine-containing compounds that can be used as the monomer for rapid polymerization with bio-based polyacids at ambient temperature.
Design and performance of an object-oriented, network-distributed 3D medical image volume renderer

We present an object-oriented design for a network-distributed 3D medical image volume renderer. We present the basis for the design, the important objects in the design, and their distribution across the network. Rendered images demonstrate that the network-distributed renderer produces the same images as a single processor implementation. Timing results indicate that the network-distributed renderer is 80% faster than a single processor renderer.
Celecoxib in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of celecoxib as an analgesic and medical expulsive agent in acute renal colic. METHODS A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted on patients presenting with an obstructing ureteral calculus 1.8), urinary tract infection, or significant cardiovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS A total of 57 patients provided consent of which 53 completed the study. Four patients were excluded from the analysis because of stone passage or withdrawal of consent before the first dose of study medication. No significant difference was noted in the spontaneous stone passage rate (celecoxib 55.2%, placebo 54.2%) and between celecoxib and placebo with regard to days to stone passage (7.0 vs 9.0, P = .6) or size of stone passed (3.9 vs 4.6 mm, P = .18). No significant difference was noted in pain analog scores (2.6 vs 3.5, P = .71) or narcotic doses (13.2 vs 13.6, P = .74). Furthermore, a 25% decrease in narcotic use (or 19 mg based on placebo mean) was outside the 80% one-sided confidence interval for the change in mean narcotic use between the 2 groups. Thus, it is unlikely (< 20%) that we missed a clinically significant beneficial effect of celecoxib on narcotic consumption because of sample size. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib does not facilitate stone passage or decrease narcotic requirements in patients with acute renal colic.
The South Flats Earthwork, 20MU2

This paper presents results of research conducted during the summer of 2006 at the South Flats Earthwork (20MU2) along the Muskegon River in western Michigan. The site was first identified and excavated by George Irving Quimby in the 1930s. Our objectives included assessing the condition of the earthwork, systematically testing the area both within and outside the earthwork, developing data on earthwork construction, and considering alternative hypotheses for understanding the function of this earthwork in the context of recent discussions of earthworks in Michigan and the Midwest.
Relationship Between β-Hydroxybutyrate and Acetoacetate Plus Acetone Contents of Blood and Urine of the Ruminant

Abstract Separation of the blood plasma, whole blood, and urine ketones was made under normal conditions and in various states of hyperketonemia and ketonuria. The relationship of blood level of a given ketone fraction to urine concentration and total excretion of that ketone fraction was best expressed as a log-log equation for both the acetoacetic acid plus acetone fraction and the β-hydroxybutyric acid fraction. At low total blood or urine ketone body concentrations, β-hydroxybutyrate was by far the major constituent, but at increasing ketone body concentrations the ratio of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate plus acetone decreased from approximately 7 to values between 1 and 2.5. Relationships for blood plasma ketone fractions were similar to those for whole blood.
Characterization of the adipokinetic hormone receptor from the fat body of Manduca sexta

A tritium labeled Manduca sexta adipokinetic hormone (M-AKH) was synthesized (pE-L-T-[p3H]F-T-S-S-W-G-NH2) (specific activity 27 Ci/mmol) which was fully active in a bioassay. It was used in a filtration based binding assay to characterize the M-AKH receptor from the fat body of M. sexta. Membrane fractions were prepared from fat body and optimal binding conditions were determined. A Kd of 7·10−10 M was determined and the receptor concentration estimated to be 0.5 pmol/mg membrane protein. No receptor binding was found when membranes were prepared from brain, heart or flight muscle of M. sexta or from fat body of the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis. However, specific binding was found with membrane preparations from the pterothoracic ganglion of M. sexta. The membranes from the ganglion had a much smaller number of binding sites than the fat body membranes, however, the binding was specific and observed in each experiment.
Common errors in burn treatment

Abstract 1. 1. The control of shock, infection, malnutrition and scarring are the fundamental objectives of burn treatment. The crescendo of importance of each of these factors varies chronologically, but all depend upon the type of earliest treatment received. The prevention of shock and the control of infection are the chief objectives. The management of dressings to secure the least amount of infection, pain and bleeding will permit early grafting and the minimum of scarring. 2. 2. Contrary to general impression, burned patients need not suffer much pain or become emaciated and exhausted. 3. 3. There is no easy magical treatment for burns permitting one to leave “arm chair” orders. Hard physical work and intelligent management are, and will continue to be necessary, though fads in the treatment of burns come and go.