cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Integration, Achievement Values, Academic Self-Concept and Dropping Out of High School

It is not necessary to document the magnitude and seriousness of the high school dropout problem. For more than a decade now this problem has been one of major concern to education, govern ment, minority groups, and social scientists. It has been estimated that in the 1960's about one-third of American high school students have failed, or will fail, to graduate (S.M. Miller, et al 1964). If pressed, the layman often resorts to poverty and low intelligence as explanations of this phenomenon. The accumulated social science research does bear out his notions, but with certain important qualifications. There is, for example, considerable variability among the dropouts. Some middle class and some high I.Q. students do leave school early, and the majority of lower class and "low" I.Q. youth do in fact graduate. In an effort to go beyond simple description and to provide a more global explanation of premature school withdrawal a number of theoretical approaches have been advanced, each having its own merits. This paper attempts an appraisal and synthesis of two such approaches. The "family influence" approach is exemplified in the work of Cervantes (1965a; 1965b; 1965c) and Elder (1965). Following the lead of Hollingshead (1949), who first suggested that research should focus upon the student's family experience, Cervantes found the
Real-time monitoring of hemodynamic changes in neonatal pig brain with head trauma injury

Diffuse optical techniques were used to continuously monitor hemodynamic changes in piglet brains after traumatic head injury. The potential for using all optical methods for long-term monitoring of human trauma patients is thus suggested.
Modalidade, abordagem semântica e mecânica quântica

De acordo com o argumento da indispensabilidade, devemos nos comprometer ontologicamente com entidades matematicas, por serem elas indispensaveis as nossas melhores teorias cientificas. Hartry Field (1980) notoriamente opoe-se ao argumento, desenvolvendo um programa de reformulacao de teorias cientificas sem quantificacao sobre objetos matematicos. Em particular, Field elaborou detalhadamente a nominalizacao da teoria gravitacional de Newton, indicando como ela poderia ser formulada sem quantificacao sobre numeros reais. Field forneceu tambem um argumento de por que o uso de operadores modais nao garante uma estrategia adequada para nomear teorias cientificas. Neste artigo, discuto o argumento de Field contrario a afirmacao de que a modalidade possa ser um substituto geral para a ontologia. Apos opor-me a esse argumento, indico um quadro alternativo que esclarece as razoes pelas quais a modalidade pode desempenhar esse papel.
A Sweet Way to Construct Vascular Networks

Confectioners are masters of the materials science of sugar. By carefully controlling the type, concentration, and especially the temperature of various sugars, an expert candy-maker can produce a dizzying array of different sweets. Now, Jordan Miller and fellow bioengineers have taken a page out of
Characteristics of contrast processing deficits in X-linked retinoschisis

Contrast sensitivity and contrast discrimination were evaluated in six males with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), a form of early-onset macular degeneration, using testing paradigms designed to favor either the magnocellular (MC) or parvocellular (PC) pathway. Compared to a group of age-similar control observers, the patients with XLRS showed a pronounced loss of contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies, consistent with their reduced visual acuities. At low spatial frequencies, the patients' deficits were greater under conditions favoring the MC pathway, for both contrast sensitivity and contrast discrimination. The pattern of contrast sensitivity loss shown by the patients with XLRS could be simulated in control observers by testing at a parafoveal locus, although by optical coherence tomography, none of the patients with XLRS had eccentric fixation. The pattern of findings indicates that the foveas of patients with XLRS functionally resemble the normal parafoveal retina.
Neuronal nicotinic receptors: from protein structure to function.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are a prototype of ligand-gated channels that mediate transmission in the central and peripheral nervous system. Structure–function studies performed at the amino acid level are now unraveling the determinant residues either for the properties of the ligand-binding domain or the ionic pore. In this work we review, in the light of the latest finding, the structure–function relationship of these receptors and their implication in neurological diseases.
Millimeter-wave in0.17Ga0.83 as power mesfets on GaAs(100) substrates

In0.17Ga0.83As MESFETs were grown on GaAs(100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The structure comprised an undoped, In0.17Ga0.83As buffer layer grown directly on GaAs and an In0.17 Ga0.83As active layer doped to 5 × 10 + 17 cm−3. The defect structure was characterized by cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope. FETs with 0.25-μm gate length and 50-μm gate width were fabricated using a standard processing technique. Excellent dc and microwave performance characteristics were obtained. The best device showed a transconductance (gm) of 400 mS / mm and a current-gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 75 GHz. At 60 GHz, it delivered a power density of 0.50 W / mm with a gain of 4 dB and a power-added efficiency of 20%, indicating its superior performance over a standard AIGaAs / GaAs HEMT.
Analysis of Liver Disease, Nuclear HBcAg, Viral Replication, and Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Liver and Serum of HBcAg Vs. Anti‐HBe Positive Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus

Nine HBeAg+ and 24 anti-HBe+ subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied for HBV DNA in the serum by molecular hybridization, for HBcAg in the liver by immunofluorescence, and for histologic evidence of liver disease. All HBeAg+ patients had underlying chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma), and all were found positive for both HBV DNA in the serum and HBcAg in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Of the 24 anti-HBe+ individuals, 18 had various forms of chronic liver disease. Six HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ patients had normal liver histology except for numerous "ground-glass" hepatocytes with abundant cytoplasmic HBsAg. All six were negative for nuclear HBcAg and serum HBV DNA, but three showed HBV DNA which appeared to be integrated into unique sites in host liver DNA by hybridization analysis. In contrast, 14/18 (78%) of HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ patients with chronic liver disease were positive for nuclear HBcAg, serum HBV DNA, or both of these markers of HBV replication. It is suggested that in long-term HBsAg carriers with serum anti-HBe and normal liver histology, viral replication is suppressed or inactive and HBV potential infectivity is presumably very low or absent. However, when viral replication is present in HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ carriers (as demonstrated by serum HBV DNA and/or nuclear HBcAg), active liver disease is often found. In these individuals, active chronic liver disease appears to be related to continued replication and secretion of HBV and may occur in a much higher proportion of HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ carriers than was previously suspected.
Religious and other predictors of Psychosocial Adjustment in cancer patients

The authors tested the hypothesis that religious variables, such as a person's belief that his/her illness was God's will, would predict psychosocial adjustment in 50 patients who were predominantly Catholic Hispanic women attending a medical oncology clinic (42 women, 8 men). The patients were free of an Axis I mental disorder, cognitive impairment, and severe pain and were not undergoing intensive chemotherapy. By using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale as the outcome measure, the authors found few associations with religious variables, but many to clinical variables.
Cholesky decomposition within local multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction

A local multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction method in which Cholesky vectors are used in place of conventional two-electron integrals has been developed (CD-LMRSDCI). To reduce the overall cost associated with our linear scaling LMRSDCI method presented earlier [T. S. Chwee et al., J. Chem. Phys. 128, 224106 (2008)], we adopt a two-pronged approach. First, localized orthogonal virtual orbitals, introduced by Subotnik et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 114108 (2005)], are substituted for nonorthogonal projected atomic orbitals. This obviates the need for contraction with overlap matrices and simplifies our working formalism. In addition, we restructure the rate-limiting step of our LMRSDCI algorithm to be driven by the search for two-electron integrals instead of configuration state functions. The shift necessitates a flexible way of processing the four-indexed two-electron integrals, which is facilitated by use of two-indexed Cholesky vectors. Our restructured LMRSDCI method is an order of magnitude faster and has greatly reduced storage requirements so that we are able to apply it to molecules containing up to 50 heavy atoms. However, generation of the Cholesky vectors and their subsequent transformation to the molecular orbital (MO) basis is not linear scaling. Together with assembling the MO integrals from the Cholesky vectors, these now constitute the rate-limiting steps in our method.
An Examination of Perceptions in Integrated Care Practice

Successful integration of behavioral health and primary care services is informed by perceptions of its usefulness to the consumer. An examination of provider, staff and patient perceptions was conducted across five integrated care sites in order to describe and examine perceptions and level of satisfaction with integrated care. A quantitative study was conducted with data collected through surveys administered to 51 patients, 27 support staff, and 11 providers in integrated care settings. Survey responses revealed high levels of satisfaction with integration of primary and behavioral health services. Integrated care can be enhanced by addressing provider competency and confidence concerns through continued education, increased collaboration and utilization of diagnostic tools. This analysis provides evidence to support that successful integration increases access to mental healthcare, which is instrumental in reduction of the mental health treatment gap by scaling up services for mental and substance use disorders among individuals with chronic medical conditions.
A Double-Blinded Randomized Trial to Compare the Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Procedures Using Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background The Institute of Medicine has included the comparison of minimally invasive surgical techniques in its research agenda. This study seeks to evaluate a model for the comparison of minimally invasive procedures using patient-reported outcomes. Study Design A double-blinded randomized controlled trial (NCT01489436) was conducted. Baseline data were obtained, standardized anesthesia was induced, and patients were randomized to single-port (SP) or 4-port (FP) laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Perioperative care was standardized. The outcomes were pain (Visual Analog Scale) on postoperative day 1 (primary) and quality of life (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures Information System and Linear Analog Self-Assessment), serum cytokines, and heart rate variability (secondary). Analysis was intention to treat. Using identical occlusive dressings, patients and the outcomes assessor remained blinded until postoperative day 2. Results Fifty-five patients were randomized to each arm. There was no difference in demographics. Visual Analog Scale pain score on postoperative day 1 was significantly different from baseline in each group (SP: 1.6 ± 1.9 to 4.2 ± 2.4 vs FP: 1.8 ± 2.3 to 4.2 ± 2.2), but not different from each other (p = 0.83). Patients in the FP arm reported significantly less fatigue on postoperative day 7 than patients in the SP group (3.1 ± 2.1 vs 4.2 ± 2.2; p = 0.009). Fewer patients in the FP group required postoperative oral narcotics before discharge (40% vs 60%; p = 0.056). Cytokines levels and heart rate variability were similar between arms. In patients followed for >1 year, no difference in umbilical hernia rates was noted. Conclusions Early postoperative quality of life data captured differences in fatigue, indicating improved recovery after FP within a controlled trial. Physiologic measures were similar, suggesting that the differences between SP and FP are minimal.
Shear-accelerated crystallization in a supercooled atomic liquid.

A bulk metallic glass forming alloy is subjected to shear flow in its supercooled state by compression of a short rod to produce a flat disk. The resulting material exhibits enhanced crystallization kinetics during isothermal annealing as reflected in the decrease of the crystallization time relative to the nondeformed case. The transition from quiescent to shear-accelerated crystallization is linked to strain accumulated during shear flow above a critical shear rate ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ which corresponds to P\'eclet number, $\text{Pe}\ensuremath{\sim}O(1)$. The observation of shear-accelerated crystallization in an atomic system at modest shear rates is uncommon. It is made possible here by the substantial viscosity of the supercooled liquid which increases strongly with temperature in the approach to the glass transition. We may therefore anticipate the encounter of nontrivial shear-related effects during thermoplastic deformation of similar systems.
Incompressible flow computations based on the vorticity-stream function and velocity-pressure formulations

Finite element procedures and computations based on the velocity-pressure and vorticity-stream function formulations of incompressible flows are presented. Two new multistep velocity-pressure formulations are proposed and compared with the vorticity-stream function and one-step formulations. The example problems chosen are the standing vortex problem and flow past a circular cylinder. Benchmark quality computations are performed for the cylinder problem. The numerical results indicate that the vorticity-stream function formulation and one of the two new multistep formulations involve much less numerical dissipation than the one-step formulation.
Microstructural remodeling in the post-infarct porcine heart measured by diffusion tensor MRI and T1-weighted late gadolinium enhancement MRI

The objective of this study was to quantify microstructural remodeling in peri-infarcted and infarcted porcine myocardium using diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) for the first time. High resolution ex vivo late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI was used to segment the DT-MRI data into normal, peri-infarct and infarcted myocardium. LGE-MRI based segmentation produces regions with significantly different microstructural remodeling.
Variable boundary, two dimensional tidal model.

THE application of digital computers to tidal problems has revived interest in tides, including the problem of the numerical tidal modelling of estuaries or bays in one or two dimensions. Usually computer programs have been designed to find a solution for one tidal constituent, the M2 tide, and are applicable only to specific estuarine systems. We report here a two dimensional program which can easily be used to solve semidiurnal tidal problems for many estuaries.
Environmental Justice and the NIEHS.

The NIEHS relationship with the environmental justice community is much like that of a family—we have a long history, we are integrally connected, and unfortunately, we don’t always communicate well. I recently met with our environmental justice grantees, and during our conversations, I realized that my own failure to communicate in the accepted terminology of the environmental justice community may have led to a misunderstanding of my commitment to these issues. The failure was unintentional; embracing diversity is such an inherent part of my own life that I may have taken for granted that my commitment to this principle would be obvious. Diversity in my own family has created depth, strength, and opportunity, and I feel the same is true of the environmental justice community’s interconnectedness with the NIEHS. Nevertheless, I now know it is incumbent on me to clearly describe my views regarding environmental justice and explicitly state how we, as an institute, plan to move forward in this relationship.
Trace gas measurements in nascent, aged, and cloud‐processed smoke from African savanna fires by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (AFTIR)

We measured stable and reactive trace gases with an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR) on the University of Washington Convair-580 research aircraft in August/September 2000 during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign in Southern Africa. The measurements included vertical profiles of C02, CO, H20, and CH4 up to 5.5 km on six occasions above instrumented ground sites and below the TERRA satellite and ER-2 high-flying research aircraft. We also measured the trace gas emissions from 10 African savanna fires. Five of these fires featured extensive ground-based fuel characterization, and two were in the humid savanna ecosystem that accounts for most African biomass burning. The major constituents we detected in nascent CH3OOH, HCHO, CH30H, HCN, NH3, HCOOH, and C2H2. These are the first quantitative measurements of the initial emissions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), NH3, and HCN from African savanna fires. On average, we measured 5.3 g/kg of OVOC and 3.6 g/kg of hydrocarbons (including CH4) in the initial emissions from the fires. Thus, the OVOC will have profound, largely unexplored effects on tropical tropospheric chemistry. The HCN emission factor was only weakly dependent on fire type; the average value (0.53 g/kg) is about 20 times that of a previous recommendation. HCN may be useful as a tracer for savanna fires. Delta O3/Delta CO and Delta CH3COO/Delta CO increased to as much as 9% in <1 h of photochemical processing downwind of fires. Direct measurements showed that cloud processing of smoke greatly reduced CH30H, NH3, CH3COOH, SO2, and NO2 levels, but significantly increased HCHO and NO.
Effects of group size on the responsiveness of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton Buchanan), to alanine, a chemical attractant

Previous studies have examined the effects of grouping on the locating (search) phase of foraging and feeding behaviour in fishes. Few studies have examined whether schooling in fishes may facilitate individual foraging by enhancing a group's responsiveness to food odours. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of increasing group size on the responsiveness of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton Buchanan), to L-alanine, an amino acid which is an important constituent of prey odours for many fishes. Based on the results of previous studies, either an increasing or decreasing linear relationship or a unimodal (convex or concave) relationship between responsiveness and group size was expected; the results, however, were bimodal. Groups of four fish were most responsive to alanine, as determined by the mean percentage of occurrences of fish in the area of a behavioural arena (an octagonal fluviarium) into which alanine was infused (at 10−3, 10−4, or 10−5 M). Groups of two, six and eight fish were significantly less responsive (P < 0.05) than either groups of four fish or individual fish. The responses of groups of two, six and eight fish were not significantly different from each other.
Evaluation of calcium sulfate paste for augmentation of lumbar pedicle screw pullout strength.

Abstract Background context: Many authors have evaluated the components responsible for ultimate pullout strength of pedicle screws. In these studies, one important variable has been the screw fixation. Because pedicle screw fixation has increased in popularity over recent years, so has the need for augmentation in difficult situations. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been established as the gold standard in terms of strength of fixation but has the potential for severe complications when applied in spine surgery. Calcium sulfate is an alternative to PMMA, because it lacks the exothermic reaction, is potentially osteoconductive and is resorbed by the body in 30 to 60 days. Purpose: To determine the strength of a new calcium sulfate cement in terms of pedicle screw augmentation. The purpose was to evaluate calcium sulfate versus PMMA in terms of pullout strength. PMMA was considered the gold standard in terms of strength for this experiment. Study design: Lumbar vertebrae implanted with pedicle screws were subjected to axial pullout tests. The force required to cause implant failure was measured and compared for three methods of fixation. Outcome measures: Force to failure (Newtons) for each pedicle test was recorded and analyzed with results from similarly augmented pedicles. Methods: Lumbar vertebrae were harvested from four cadavers and implanted with pedicle screws. These screws were either placed in native bone or augmented with either calcium sulfate paste or PMMA. In those pedicles that had augmentation, the material was permitted to set for a minimum of 24 hours. Axial pullout tests were then performed using an MTS (Materials Testing System Corporation, Minneapolis, MN) testing machine. The screws were pulled out over a distance of up to 6 mm at 0.25 mm/sec. This rate and distance ensured failure in each case. The load to failure was recorded for each pedicle. Results: Calcium sulfate augmentation improved pedicle screw pullout strength significantly when compared with native bone (p=.0003). This represented an average increase of 167% over the native bone. Likewise, PMMA improved the pullout strength significantly over native bone (p Conclusions: Although PMMA is considered the gold standard in terms of fixation strength, its use around the spine has been limited because of concern over complications. The calcium sulfate bone paste tested in this study demonstrated strength similar to PMMA without the major risks to the spinal cord. In addition, the calcium sulfate paste allows for possible osteoconduction to aid in spinal fusion. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of this calcium sulfate paste in the clinical setting of spine surgery.
Comparative species concentrations in CH4/O2/Ar flames doped with N2O, NO, and NO2

Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence is used to monitor the relative concentrations of the species OH, CH, NH, CN, NCO, and NO in a 10-torr premixed stoichiometric methane/oxygen/argon flame doped with N2O, NO, and NO2 at 0.0086 mole fraction. The relative yields of combustion intermediates for equivalent mole fractions of the different dopants are measured, and comparisons are made with PREMIX calculations based on currently accepted reaction rates. This procedure allows the chemical pathways followed by the different dopants to be compared under nearly identical conditions. Comparison of radical concentrations between the NO- and N2O-doped flames shows that CN and NCO are underpredicted for the N2O-doped flame, while NO is overpredicted. Conversely, NH is underpredicted for the NO-doped flame. These findings suggest that reburn consumption of NO is roughly 50% higher than predicted by current models. Nevertheless, the fraction of NO that reacts with hydrocarbon radicals in the reburn reactions is found to be fairly minor (≤20%). Under the present conditions, NO2 is rapidly converted to NO, leading to quantitatively similar behavior for these two dopants.
Observations of a two-dimensional compositional phase transition at the surface of a polycrystalline PbBiNi alloy

Abstract This paper reports the existence of an abrupt change in surface composition associated with a surface phase transition in a PbBiNi alloy. Equilibrium surface composition measurements on an alloy containing 5at% Bi and 0.04at% Ni, at temperatures from 460 to 560 K, have shown that the surface composition changes from a lead-rich to a bismuth-nickel-rich surface (or vice versa) in the range 500 to 525 K. Auger line scans performed with a high-resolution probe have shown that the transition proceeds by the formation and growth of bismuth-nickel-rich patches at the lead-rich surface, or vice versa, in the vicinity of the transition temperature.
A temperature-sensitive (TS) mutant of frog virus 3 (FV3) is defective in second-stage DNA replication.

Abstract It has been suggested that FV3 DNA replication occurs in two stages [R. Goorha (1982) J. Virol. 43, 519–528]. First-stage DNA synthesis is restricted to the nucleus, where the replicating DNA ranges from genome to twice genome size; second-stage DNA replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, and the replicating DNA is concatameric. A temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 12488) of FV3, at a nonpermissive temperature (30°), synthesized DNA in the nucleus only, and the size of the replicative complex (as determined by neutral sucrose gradient analysis) was between genome and twice genome length. These characteristics establish that at nonpermissive temperature, is 12488 is arrested in the first stage of DNA replication. Temperature shift-down (30° → 25°) of is 12488-infected cells at 4 hr postinfection showed that, within 30 min of the shift, the replicative complex became very large (more than 10 times genome size). Furthermore, newly synthesized DNA was now found in the cytoplasmic fraction also. These results suggest that ts 12488, upon shift-down, enters into the second stage of DNA replication where progeny DNA is synthesized as a large concatamer. In shift-down experiments, de novo protein synthesis was not required to initiate second-stage DNA replication, strongly suggesting that the thermosensitive protein is directly involved in second-stage DNA replication. This genetic evidence establishes the previous biochemical findings of a two-stage replication scheme for FV3 DNA.
Rhizobium-plant signal exchange

Initial stages in the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis can be thought of as a reciprocal molecular conversation: transmission of a gene inducer from legume host to bacterium, with ensuing bacterial synthesis of a morphogen that is transmitted to the plant, switching the developmental fate of the legume root. These signal molecules have a key role in determining bacterium–host specificity and the purified Nod factor compounds provide useful new tools to probe plant cell function.
A simple, accurate method of blood pH determinations for clinical use.

1. 1. Direct pH measurements of whole blood are more informative and valuable than CO2 combining power or CO2 content determinations. 2. 2. A simple, accurate, and clinically useful method of measuring the pH of whole blood in vitro has been devised and described in detail. 3. 3. The anticoagulant-antiglycolytic mixture in the concentrations used does not alter pH. 4. 4. A special pipet to insure anaerobic handling of the blood samples has been described. 5. 5. This simple method permits a delay of readings for 24 hr. without substantially altering the accuracy of the pH values obtained. 6. 6. A temperature correction factor for the Cambridge Research pH meter was determined.
The Self Concept: Test Equivalence and Perceived Validity*

(1966). The Self Concept: Test Equivalence and Perceived Validity. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 265-280.
A mechanical fatigue assessment methodology to study solder joint reliability

This paper presents a unified mechanical fatigue assessment methodology that characterizes and predicts the fatigue life performance of electronic components. It involves establishing the relationship between a solder ball damage metric and the fatigue cycles-to-failure. With the proposal of board strain as a metric, single BGA component test boards are used to produce a fatigue characterization curve - the E-N curve. The methodology was initially established using high cycle fatigue but later extended to the lower cycle fatigue region to give a complete picture of the characteristics. The methodology has been validated by predicting fatigue failure of a system board under random vibration using the rainflow-counting algorithm and Palmgren-Miner's damage accumulation. Discussion on board design implications and features to improve fatigue performance are presented. Furthermore, a case study with the methodology used to assess the mechanical integrity risk of two mobile devices is shared. The sensitivity of the methodology towards various board and package attributes is also demonstrated.
Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of Malt Type Involving the Cavernous Sinus

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are low-grade B-cell neoplasms that occur in a variety of extranodal sites. Only rarely has this entity been discovered as a primary tumor involving the dura of the cavernous sinus. We report the case of a 46 year old woman who presented with a mass involving the cavernous sinus that was originally diagnosed as a meningioma by MRI. However, at surgery the mass was found to be an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type. The patient underwent partial excision of the lesion followed by radiation. There are only seven other cases of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma involving the intracranial dura reported in the literature. These patients were females who presented with intracranial lesions thought to be consistent with meningioma by preoperative radiographic imaging. MALT lymphomas of the dura, as their counterparts in other organs, appear to have favorable clinical outcomes and excellent long-term prognoses with local therapy alone.
The Reality of Fantasy Sports: A Metaphysical and Ethical Analysis

Fantasy sports have become a major sector of our sport industry. With millions of participants worldwide and billions of dollars generated, fantasy sports have become a fixed part of our sport spectatorship. However, this prevalence has come without much intellectual investigation. Therefore, in this paper I discuss the metaphysics and ethics of fantasy sports. After providing arguments for the consistency of fantasy sports with prominent descriptions of play and games, I compare fantasy sports to other genres of play and games – sports, card games, ‘cybersports’, and spectatorship. After this juxtaposition, I delineate how fantasy sports are different from their real sport correlates. Fantasy sports are second-order games that are parasites of their real-sport counterparts. The differences between fantasy and real sports change our collective cultural views of the correlating real sports. While much good comes from the popular participation in fantasy sports, there are also drawbacks. That is, while fant...
Twitter: The Electoral Connection?

The rapid rise of Twitter and other social media tools has enticed many members of Congress to personally use these services. Such waves of technological adoption are comparatively rare in Congressional history, leaving us with little knowledge about why some members of Congress adopt new technologies while others do not. We find that Twitter adoption and use are relatively difficult to predict. Members are more likely to use Twitter if they belong to the minority party, if their party leaders urge them to, if they are young, or if they serve in the Senate. Surprisingly, we find that electoral vulnerability has little or no effect on Twitter adoption or use.
Prediction of Bypassed Oil With Correlations in Side-Water Drive Reservoirs

Efficient management of oil reserves involves an understanding of the mechanisms that control the bypassing of oil in water drive reservoirs. The existing analytical models of water front advancement in side-water reservoirs do not account for the combined effects of water underruning and coning. This paper gives correlations for the prediction of the amount of bypassed oil in side-water systems. The correlations have been developed using numerical simulation and an experimental design framework. Considered in the correlations are the effects of dip angle, vertical-to-horizontal permeability ratio, oil viscosity, production rate, oil density, and well penetration.
Application of high-resolution, interferometric DEMs to geomorphic studies of fault scarps, Fish Lake Valley, Nevada–California, USA

Abstract Recent developments in interferometric radar remote sensing provide a method for deriving detailed topographic and slope information for fault-scarp detection. In October 1996, the airborne TOPSAR instrument [IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30 (1992) 933] was flown over southwest Nevada and east-central California. Topography calculated from TOPSAR data are in the form of a high-resolution (5-m spatial grid) digital elevation model (DEM). In this study, we focus upon the large, steep fault scarps that cut alluvium and alluvial fans in Fish Lake Valley, east of the White Mountains of Nevada–California. A series of topographic profiles extracted from the DEM reveal that the larger fault scarps are greater than 40 m in height and that the average midsection slope angle for all measured scarps is approximately 23°. These large scarps are the product of multiple offsets rather than a single event. Other relevant geomorphic features present in the digital topography include splays and benches along the main fault, levees, cutbanks, gullies incising fault scarp slopes, shutterridges, offset drainage, and small normal faults with scarp heights of only 4–6 m. Field work corroborated general geomorphologic landforms, confirmed fault-scarp morphometry, and aided the evaluation of the accuracy of the DEM. We are also able to assess fault segmentation models that divide the Fish Lake Valley fault zone (FLVFZ) into discrete segments based upon surface-rupture characteristics.
Patterns of Chlamydia/Gonorrhea Positivity Among Voluntarily Screened New York City Public High School Students

Purpose: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are common sexually transmitted infections that disproportionately affect adolescents. Annual screening for CT for sexually active female adolescents is recommended. In 2006, New York City began conducting CT/GC education, screening, and treatment in public high schools. We examine 3-year programmatic outcomes and the relationship between sexual activity, screening, and CT/GC positivity. Methods: We describe the epidemiology of students who screened and those infected with CT/GC. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess relationships between sex, race/ethnicity, age, sexual activity, and screening status; and the relationship between sexually transmitted infection positivity and sexual activity. Results: Between July 2006 and June 2009, we educated 57,418 students and screened 27,353 (47.6%) for CT/GC; 1,736 (6.3%) students were reported to be infected with either organism. Students who screened positive were more likely to be females (8.9%), report black race (8.3%) and be 16 years of age (6.6%–9.7%). Screening rates were 70.6% for students who were sexually active, 27.9% for those who had never had sex, and 47.3% for those who did not respond to the sexual activity question; CT/GC positivity was 7.2%, 1.4%, and 6.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Black, older adolescent females were most likely to screen positive for CT/GC in this population. A large proportion of students who did not answer the sexual activity question chose to screen for CT/GC and screened positive. School screening programs should offer screening to all students regardless of reported sexual activity. Programs should target females and older adolescents.
Particle removal by focused ultrasound

Abstract An experimental study of the removal of micron particles from flat surfaces by focused ultrasonic waves has been carried out. The response of particles to acoustic forcing at gigahertz frequencies was studied by observation of manipulation and removal of individual particles, and by analytical and computational modeling of the mean acoustic removal forces. Consistencies between experiment and theory imply that secondary acoustic forces are of importance in contributing to a mechanism for removal, which is of the correct order to overcome surface-attractive forces on micron particles.
Nutrigenomics Hypothesis: Examining the Association Between Food Stamp Program Participation and Bodyweight Among Low-Income Women

This paper examines the association between food stamp program participation and bodyweight among 1,723 eligible women who were respondents of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort. The study sample was stratified by race/ethnicity and two time periods, i.e., 1987–1996, 1998–2002, to allow for genetic and cultural differences and a potential structural break due to the 1996 welfare reform. We test a hypothesis based on the nutrigenomic literature suggesting that genetic heterogeneities result in varying effects of nutrition or food-borne components on metabolism. Differences in socioeconomic characteristics between participants and eligible non-participants were identified. We find a positive association between food stamp program participation and bodyweight among Hispanic women, particularly those of foreign-born.
Intermittent Plasma Growth Hormone Triggers Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Nuclear Translocation of a Liver-Expressed, Stat 5-related DNA Binding Protein. PROPOSED ROLE AS AN INTRACELLULAR REGULATOR OF MALE-SPECIFIC LIVER GENE TRANSCRIPTION

Growth hormone (GH) exerts sexually dimorphic effects on liver gene transcription that are regulated by the temporal pattern of pituitary GH release, which is intermittent in male rats and nearly continuous in females. To investigate the influence of these GH secretory patterns on intracellular hepatocyte signaling, we compared the pattern of liver nuclear protein tyrosine phosphorylation in male and female rats. An Mr ~93,000 polypeptide, p93, was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated to a high level in male but not female rats. GH, but not prolactin, rapidly stimulated p93 tyrosine phosphorylation in hypophysectomized rats. Intermittent plasma GH pulses triggered repeated p93 phosphorylation, while continuous GH exposure led to desensitization and a dramatic decline in liver nuclear p93. p93 was cross-reactive with two monoclonal antibodies raised to mammary Stat 5, whose tyrosine phosphorylation is stimulated by prolactin. Intermittent GH pulsation translocated liver Stat 5/p93 protein from the cytosol to the nucleus and also activated its DNA binding activity, as demonstrated using a mammary Stat 5-binding DNA element derived from the β-casein gene. p93 is thus a liver-expressed, Stat 5-related DNA binding protein that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in response to intermittent plasma GH stimulation and is proposed to be an intracellular mediator of the stimulatory effects of GH pulses on male-specific liver gene expression.
Effects of D-amphetamine on striatal unit activity and behavior in freely moving cats.

Abstract The effects of various doses of d-amphetamine on behavior and striatal unit activity were studied in freely moving cats. Contrary to previous studies, conducted in anesthetized and/or immobilized animals, reporting, that striatal neurons were slow firing or silent, these neurons often displayed a high rate of discharge in the awake freely moving animal. Also contrary to much of the previous literature in immobolized animals, high doses of amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg i.p.) produced exclusively excitatory effects on striatal neurons, while lower doses (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) had both excitatory and inhibitory effects. In general, the behavioral stereotypy and hyperactivity tended to far outlast both types of neuronal changes.
A FINITE DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF LAMINAR MAGNETO-HYDRODYNAMIC FLOW IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF A FLAT RECTANGULAR DUCT

The development of the velocity profile, from a uniform one at the entrance, for an electrically conducting fluid entering a semi-infinite flat duct with a transversely applied magnetic field is investigated. It is assumed that the fluid has constant physical properties, the duct walls are electrically nonconducting, a uniform magnetic field is imposed perpendicular to the duct walls, and there can be a net electrical current flow parallel to the walls and perpendicular to the flow direction with a variable external resistance connecting the two side plates, which are displaced at infinity. The basic governing continuity and momentum equations are expressed in finite difference form and solved numerically on a high-speed digital computer with a mesh network superimposed on the flow field. A practical mesh size ratio suitable for computation was determined. Results were obtained for the variations of velocity and pressure distribution between the inlet and the region for the fully developed velocity profile for Hartmann numbers of 0, 4, and 10.
Application of bivariate statistics to full wine bottle diamagnetic screening data

A bivariate correlated Student distribution is applied to full wine bottle diamagnetic screening measurements. Previous work involving a limited number of rare wines indicated that like wines cluster in a plot of the first two principal component scores derived from a covariance matrix of the diamagnetic screening measurements. This study extends the approach to a much larger, statistically meaningful sixty bottle wine library where bivariate statistics are used to comment on the measured data. The full bottle diamagnetic screening of thirty-six identically labeled, sealed bottles of wine obtained from four different sources combined with principal component analysis data reduction followed by treatment with a bivariate distribution permit the effect of wine transport and storage to be observed. The usefulness and future success of the method towards the identification of counterfeit wines is mentioned.
Corrected f-tests in the general linear model

The theory of corrected F-tests in the general linear modeL with correlated errors is studied in this paper. Strictly unbiased F-tests are constructed in the presence of a large class of known non-identity correlation structures. These are generalized likelihood ratio tests which are easily computed. Critical points from the standard F-tables can be used to provide an exact test of desired size.
Selectin-dependent rolling and adhesion of leukocytes in nicotine-exposed microvessels of lung allografts.

The interaction of circulating leukocytes with lung microvessels is a critical event in the recruitment of effector cells into the interstitial tissue during episodes of inflammation, including smo...
Squatting After Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Study Examining Differences Between Genders

Objective To compare the weight bearing of men and women during standing and squatting after knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis. Design Two-group, single-surgeon study with patients selected consecutively through a sample of convenience. Patients evaluated at first outpatient rehabilitation visit and at discharge from outpatient services. Setting Outpatient orthopedic institute. Participants Seventeen women (average age, 71 years) and 16 men (69 years) who underwent primary unilateral knee replacement for osteoarthritis. Main Outcome Measurements Percentage of body weight placed over the surgical limb during standing and during 30° and 60° squats. Results The men placed a greater percentage of body weight over the surgical limb during the 30° and 60° squats, both at the initial visit and at discharge. Both women and men had similar improvements with all dependent measurements. Conclusion The magnitude of change for women and men was similar, yet percentage of body weight placed over the surgical limb in women was less than in men at the initial visit and did not match that in their male counterparts by discharge.
Prenatal diagnosis for Tay‐Sachs disease using chorionic villus sampling

Prenatal diagnosis for Tay-Sachs disease was performed on 25 patients using chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Nineteen were diagnosed as normal, and six were affected. Normal villus extracts had both hexosaminidase (hex) A and B activity, as determined by Cellogel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while extracts from affected fetuses had only hex B activity. Compared to cultured amniotic fluid cells or fibroblasts, villi contained less hex A. Hex A levels in fresh villi and cultured trophoblasts were roughly comparable.
Cued recall performance of unrelated word pairs is reduced by the presence of A-B, A-C items in the same list

Repeated pairs of words can inhibit the recall of singly presented word pairs. This intralist inhibition is observed in cued recall tasks in which one list (homogeneous) contains only singly presented word pairs and another list (mixed) contains single and repeated word pairs. Recall of singly presented word pairs is worse when there are repeated word pairs than when there are not. In the present study, instead of repeating a pair, only the stimulus term was repeated, resulting in an A-B, A-C condition. Again, recall for singly presented pairs is worse in the mixed in contrast to the homogeneous list. That is, recall for the A-B pairs is worse for lists with both A-B and A-B, A-C pairs than for lists with only A-B pairs. The data are interpreted to indicate that presumably independent items sharing no common cues do nevertheless share a common retrieval route insofar as they have a common context, namely, being members of the same list.
On the lattice oscillator-type Kirkwood–Salsburg equation with attractive many-body potentials

We consider a lattice oscillator-type Kirkwood–Salsburg (KS) equation with general one-body phase measurable space and many-body interaction potentials. For special choices of the measurable space, its solutions describe grand-canonical equilibrium states of lattice equilibrium classical and quantum linear oscillator systems. We prove the existence of the solution of the symmetrized KS equation for manybody interaction potentials which are either attractive (nonpositive) and finite-range or infinite-range and repulsive (positive). The proposed procedure of symmetrization of the KS equation is new and based on the superstability of many-body potentials.
Robust Controller Interpolation via Parameterization

Arbitrarily fast switching or blending among controllers often leads to reduced performance and possible instability. This paper presents a controller interpolation framework for robustly transitioning among controllers with respect to the H∞ norm. The framework leverages a robust controller parameterization, analogous to a Youla parameterization of nominally stabilizing controllers, to greatly simplify the robust controller interpolation problem. In addition, an explicit construction is provided for the robust interpolated controller. A practical example is presented in the form of a robust interpolated controller implemented on an electro-hydraulic test bed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Hepatobiliary disposition of rhodamine 123 in isolated perfused rat livers

The disposition of rhodamine 123 (RH-123), a known marker of P-glycoprotein, and its liver-generated glucuronide metabolite (RH-Glu), a marker of Mrp2, was studied in an isolated perfused rat liver model. Livers were perfused with a buffer containing 0.1 µg ml−1 RH-123 for 30 or 60 min or for 30 min followed by 90 min of drug-free perfusion, and the concentrations of the drug and its metabolites were determined in the perfusate, bile, and the liver tissue. The outlet perfusate concentrations of RH-123 and RH-Glu reached an apparent plateau during the continuous infusion of the drug, with a very extensive extraction ratio of approximately 96% for the parent drug. However, the biliary excretion rates of both RH-123 and generated RH-Glu continued to rise almost linearly during the entire 60 min of drug infusion. This was associated with a linear increase in the amount of RH-123 recovered in the liver between 30 and 60 min of drug infusion, resulting in a significant (>50% of the administered dose) recovery o...