cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface

Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into filamentous phage gene III to create a fusion protein with the foreign sequence in the middle. The fusion protein is incorporated into the virion, which retains infectivity and displays the foreign amino acids in immunologically accessible form. These "fusion phage" can be enriched more than 1000-fold over ordinary phage by affinity for antibody directed against the foreign sequence. Fusion phage may provide a simple way of cloning a gene when an antibody against the product of that gene is available.
Education and Tolerance: An Analysis of Intervening Factors

Two hypotheses regarding tolerance of the speech behavior of others are extracted from Stouffer's work. By interpreting the conditions of the hypotheses in terms of a conttact and an expected rewards effect resulting from educational differences, and a perceived rewards effect resulting from occupational status differences, seven predictions are formulated. The seven predictions are compared to data from a relatively highly-educated, mobile, and predominantly southern female sample. The hypotheses find general support but there are several anomalies. These irregularities are examined in terms of possible implications for the hypotheses and tentative explanations are suggested. T ^ olerance of the rights of others is a topic of considerable interest, both as an important characteristic of democracy and as a social phenomena in its own right. The study of tolerance of others' rights varies from those who treat tolerance as a personality characteristic to those who view tolerance as a product of the interplay of certain structural factors and the individual.' This paper adopts the latter orientation.
Direct numerical simulations of reacting flows in homogeneous turbulence

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) code has been modified to investigate chemically reacting flows in a stationary, homogeneous turbulence. Single and multispecies reactions as well as complicated reaction schemes such as parallel/consecutive reactions are studied. The effects of some parameters are discussed. The numerical data are used to test a simple first-order closure model, proposed by Dutta and Tarbell (1989), for turbulent reacting flows. It is shown that the DNS technique provides us with an effective tool to isolate the effects of different parameters and is likely to be useful for proposing and testing closure models.
Efficient solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with a vectorized multiple-grid algorithm

A multiple-grid algorithm for use in efficiently obtaining steady solutions to the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The convergence of the explicit MacCormack algorithm on a fine grid is accelerated by propagating transients from the domain using a sequence of successively coarser grids. Both the fine and coarse grid schemes are readily vectorizable. The combination of multiple-gridding and vectorization results in substantially reduced computational times for the numerical solution of a wide range of flow problems. Results are presented for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic inviscid flows and for subsonic attached and separated laminar viscous flows. Work reduction factors over a scalar, single-grid algorithm range as high as 76.8.
Creating digital fingerprints on commercial field programmable gate arrays

In this paper, we discuss the method of creating a circuit identifier, or digital fingerprint, for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed digital fingerprint is a function of the natural variations in the semiconductor manufacturing process that cannot be duplicated or forged. The proposed digital fingerprint allows the use of any arbitrary of nodes internal to the circuit or the circuit outputs as monitoring locations. Changes in the signal on a selected node or output can be quantified digitally over a period of time or at a specific instance of time. Two monitoring methods are proposed, one using cumulative observation of the nodes and the other samples the nodes based on a signal transition. Two monitoring methods were validated on a small sample of twenty Xilinxreg Virtex-II Pro FPGAs, where both methods successfully created unique identifiers for each FPGA. In addition, the effects of temperature and voltage fluctuations are also discussed.
Symmetric tight frame with shifted wavelets

As is well known, wavelet filterbanks in general do not allow for shift invariance due to the downsampling operation. In this paper we discuss the design of a tight frame symmetric filterbank {h 0 ,h 1 ,h 2 ,h 3 }, with the requirement that h 2 and h 1 be identical within a shift by one sample, or we seek h 2 (n) = h 1 (n-1). This results in the wavelets ψ 1 and ψ 2 related as ψ 2 (t) = ψ 1 (t-1/2).
Laser droplet heating: fast and slow heating regimes

The heating of a laser-irradiated droplet is analyzed theoretically and numerically by solving the heat transport equation. Two regimes of droplet heating are considered, slow and fast heating. In the slow heating regime, the thermal diffusion term plays an important role and the droplet may not experience explosive vaporization during the lifetime of the laser pulse. In the fast heating regime, the vaporization term plays the dominant role and the temperature profile inside the droplet is similar to the heat production profile except for a thin shell near the surface. Numerical results are presented for the case of water droplets irradiated by 10.6microm laser radiation.
Graph-Based Data Mining in Dynamic Networks: Empirical Comparison of Compression-Based and Frequency-Based Subgraph Mining

We propose a dynamic graph-based relational mining approach using graph-rewriting rules to learns patterns in networks that structurally change over time. A dynamic graph containing a sequence of graphs over time represents dynamic properties as well as structural properties of the network. Our approach discovers graph-rewriting rules, which describe the structural transformations between two sequential graphs over time, and also learns description rules that generalize over the discovered graph-rewriting rules. The discovered graph-rewriting rules show how networks change over time, and the description rules in the graph-rewriting rules show temporal patterns in the structural changes. We apply our approach to biological networks to understand how the biosystems change over time. Our compression-based discovery of the description rules is compared with the frequent subgraph mining approach using several evaluation metrics.
Radar observations of precipitation and airflow on the Mediterranean side of the Alps: Autumn 1998 and 1999

This study constructs and analyses composite three-dimensional fields of Doppler-radar observed radial velocity and reflectivity for all precipitation events occurring in the Lago Maggiore region on the Mediterranean side of the Alps during autumn 1998 and 1999. Mean patterns for the two years are in close agreement with each other. The radar data are consistent with previous rain-gauge studies in showing that the rain was heaviest over the lower windward slopes, and decreased toward higher terrain. The three-dimensional reflectivity fields show that precipitation growth occurred mainly at low altitudes. The composite radar data show that the precipitation was most intense when the mean flow around the 2 km level was southerly or south-easterly, i.e. when the mean flow was most perpendicular to the Alpine barrier. Sounding data from Milan indicated the Froude number of the flow upstream of the Lago Maggiore region. When the Froude number was high, the flow proceeded directly up and over the terrain of the lower Alpine slopes. Under these unblocked conditions, the low-level flow (including the layer from the surface to 2 km above mean sea level) rose directly up and over the terrain, and the precipitation was greatly enhanced over the lower windward slopes and over the portions of the Po Valley just upstream of the mountains. Under unblocked conditions, the precipitation enhancement only extended a short distance (a few tens of kilometres) upstream of the Alps. When the upstream Froude number computed from the Milan sounding was low (blocked conditions), the Doppler radial velocities indicated that the low-level flow (in the layer below 2 km above mean sea level) turned cyclonically as it approached the Alpine barrier, instead of rising over the terrain. The composite radar reflectivity data showed less precipitation enhancement directly over the windward slope, but in contrast to the unblocked case showed that the precipitation was enhanced 140 km or more upstream of the terrain. Evidently, the low-level flow began rising far in advance of the barrier in blocked conditions. The 1998 and 1999 autumn data sample further indicates the relative roles of wind speed and stability, which are combined in the Froude number. When the wind speed upstream was strong (>8 m s−1), significant precipitation enhancement occurred on the windward slope of the Alps in the Lago Maggiore region, regardless of the static stability. However, the enhancement was far greater under unstable conditions. When the wind speed was weak (<8 m s−1), the precipitation was generally near or below average, except when the stability was low and some patchy enhancement occurred over the Po Valley just upwind of the Alps. A diurnal precipitation maximum occurred in the early morning hours (0700–1000 LST), possibly where down-valley flow converged with synoptic-scale up-valley flow.
Evolutionary dynamics of BRCA1 alterations in breast tumorigenesis

Cancer results from the accumulation of alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Tumor suppressors are classically defined as genes which contribute to tumorigenesis if their function is lost. Genetic or epigenetic alterations inactivating such genes may arise during somatic cell divisions or alternatively may be inherited from a parent. One notable exception to this rule is the BRCA1 tumor suppressor that predisposes to hereditary breast cancer when lost. Genetic alterations of this gene are hardly ever observed in sporadic breast cancer, while individuals harboring a germline mutation readily accumulate a second alteration inactivating the remaining allele—a finding which represents a conundrum in cancer genetics. In this paper, we present a novel mathematical framework of sporadic and hereditary breast tumorigenesis. We study the dynamics of genetic alterations driving breast tumorigenesis and explore those scenarios which can explain the absence of somatic BRCA1 alterations while replicating all other disease statistics. Our results support the existence of a heterozygous phenotype of BRCA1 and suggest that the loss of one BRCA1 allele may suppress the fitness advantage caused by the inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes. This paper contributes to the mathematical investigation of breast tumorigenesis.
Sport expertise: the cognitive advantage.

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the significance of the cognitive system in sport expertise. Consideration of visual-perceptual abilities, along with cognitive factors and their relationship with sport expertise, suggest that level of sport performance can be reliably differentiated on several cognitive dimensions. Information is given concerning the cognitive requirements of sports skills. It is argued that, although visual-perceptual abilities are inherent in all levels of sport performance, cognitive factors are essential for sport expertise.
Keeling plots for hummingbirds: a method to estimate carbon isotope ratios of respired CO(2) in small vertebrates.

The carbon isotope composition of an animal's breath reveals the composition of the nutrients that it catabolizes for energy. Here we describe the use of Keeling plots, a method widely applied in ecosystem ecology, to measure the δ 13 C of respired CO2 of small vertebrates. We measured the δ 13 C of Rufous Humming- birds (Selasphorus rufus) in the laboratory and of Mourn- ing (Zenaida macroura) and White-winged (Z. asiatica) Doves in the field. In the laboratory, when hummingbirds were fed a sucrose based C3 diet, the δ 13 C of respired CO2 was not significantly different from that of their diet (δ 13 CC3 diet). The δ 13 C of respired CO2 for C3 fasted birds was slightly, albeit significantly, depleted in δ 13 C relative to δ 13 CC3 diet. Six hours after birds were shifted to a sucrose based C4 diet, the isotopic composition of their breath revealed that birds were catabolizing a mixture of nutrients derived from both the C3 and the C4 diet. In the field, the δ 13 C of respired CO2 from Mourning and White- winged Doves reflected that of their diets: the CAM saguaro cactus (Carnegeia gigantea) and C3 seeds, respectively. Keeling plots are an easy, effective and inexpensive method to measure δ 13 C of respired CO2 in
Presenting with Prolonged Fever Resolution with Anti-inflammatory Treatment

A patient is described who presented with a 1-month history of daily fever to 38.8 degrees C. There was no sign of joint pain or swelling and no skin rash. The patient had impressive hepatomegaly without splenomegaly. The only abnormal laboratory test was a sedimentation rate of 120 mm/hr. Ultrasound examination showed hypoechoic foci throughout the liver. These foci were confirmed by CT scan, which showed multiple well-marginated lesions of decreased attenuation and variable size throughout the right and left lobes of the liver. A liver biopsy specimen showed large nodules that were yellow and gritty in texture. Microscopic examination of biopsy specimens of these nodules showed extensive areas of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with palisading histiocytes and occasional giant cells surrounded by necrotic foci. There was an associated fibroinflammatory infiltrate. The patient was treated with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with prompt cessation of fever. A repeat CT examination of the liver after 14 months of treatment showed only mild hepatomegaly and a normal liver parenchyma. The focal lesions had disappeared. This is a case of hepatic granulomata in a child showing features of necrotizing inflammation.
Introspection-Based Fault Tolerance for COTS-Based High-Capability Computation in Space

Future missions of deep space exploration face the challenge of designing, building,and operating progressively more capable autonomous spacecraft and planetary rovers. Given the communication latencies and bandwidth limitations for such missions, the need for increased autonomy becomes mandatory, along with the requirement for enhanced on-board computational capabilities while in deep space or time-critical situations. This will result in dramatic changes in the way missions will be conducted and supported by on-board computing systems. Specifically, the traditional approach of relying exclusively on radiation-hardened hardware and modular redundancy will not be able to deliver the required computational power. As a consequence, such systems are expected to include high-capability low-power components based on emerging Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) multi-core technology. This paper describes the design of a generic framework for introspection that supports runtime monitoring and analysis of program execution as well as a feedback-oriented recovery from faults. One of the first applications of this framework will be to provide flexible software fault tolerance matched to the requirements and properties of applications by exploiting knowledge that is either contained in an application knowledge base, provided by users, or automatically derived from specifications. A prototype implementation is currently in progress at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, targeting a cluster of Cell Broadband Engines.
Breed differences in clearance of porcine FSH in hypophysectomized rats.

Extracts of anterior pituitary (AP) glands were infused i.v. into hypophysectomized male rats followed by sequential sampling of blood for 120 min. Determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations established that FSH from Chinese Meishan males decreased in the circulation of rats more slowly than FSH in extracts of AP from crossbred occidental pigs (P < 0.003). Additionally, FSH from AP extracts of castrated males disappeared somewhat more slowly (P < 0.06) than FSH from extracts of boars. Evaluation of FSH by bioassay and radioimmunoassay yielded similar concentrations in AP from Meishan and crossbred boars. Serum testosterone concentrations increased with time through 90 min after infusion of AP, but the rate of increase of testosterone was not related to amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) that was administered indicating LH receptor saturation. Unexpectedly, the rate of increase in testosterone was more rapid with AP extracts from boars than with extracts from castrated males. Observations from the current study imply structural alterations of FSH in the AP of Meishan males relative to crossbred males allowing sustained concentrations in the circulation, and this FSH possesses similar activation of the FSH receptor. The amount of LH in the AP extracts saturated the LH receptors of the hypophysectomized male rats, but some factor in extracts of boars differed from those of castrated males.
Behavioral strategies and signaling in interspecific aggressive interactions in gray tree frogs

Interspecific aggression has important consequences for ecological processes and the evolution of behavioral strategies. We examined interspecific aggressive interactions in the 2 gray tree frog species, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor. These species call side by side in the same ponds, and acoustic interference occurs because of the similar spectral characteristics of their vocalizations. The aggressive calls of these 2 species, although very similar, were statistically distinguishable: calls of H. chrysoscelis were more strongly amplitude modulated than those of H. versicolor. We used playbacks and staged interactions to characterize the behaviors of males exposed to heterospecific competitors or their signals. Males readily responded with aggression to heterospecific individuals and playbacks of their calls. These behaviors were qualitatively similar in both intraspecific and interspecific interactions, but there were some significant differences. First, males of H. chrysoscelis were more aggressive toward playbacks of conspecific advertisement calls than toward those of H. versicolor. There were no significant differences in this respect in H. versicolor. Second, interspecific interactions were usually more escalated than intraspecific interactions and more likely to end with the loser moving away from its opponent. Although neither species had an advantage in staged interactions, behavioral responses were asymmetrical because H. versicolor was more likely than H. chrysoscelis to initiate physical contact. Previous studies showed that H. versicolor suffers from a greater reduction in attractiveness than H. chrysoscelis in the presence of heterospecific call overlap. Thus, the asymmetries in aggressive behavior between the 2 species may be related to differential costs of heterospecific competition.
Corporate Venture Capital Models for Promoting Radical Innovation

Because of the substantial technical, market, organizational and resource uncertainties associated with radical innovation projects, project team members and the managers who sit on decision-making boards frequently view traditional resource allocation processes as ineffective. Yet, the resource acquisition effort necessitated by inefficient or ineffective project funding mechanisms requires substantial time and energy from the project team, thereby diminishing the capacity of the team to focus on resolving technical and market uncertainties. Firms recognizing this difficulty are experimenting with new corporate venture capital models. This exploratory study employs in-depth, semi-structured interviews with representatives of Lucent, 3M, Norte I Networks, and Proctor & Gamble to obtain a rich description of the venture capital models that are emerging in support of radical innovation.
Selective Preservation of General Correspondence

uneven quality and inordinate volume of correspondence often accumulated by public officials have long produced problems in its management, use, and disposition. The problems have evoked varied responses. Napoleon, for instance, deluged with letters, is reported to have used a method that many administrators might envy but few would dare to use. The French Emperor directed his private secretary, Bourrienne, to leave all his letters unopened for 3 weeks and then observed with satisfaction that a large part of the correspondence had thus disposed of itself and no longer required answering.1 Theodore Roosevelt, the first U.S. President to express great concern about paperwork management, saw the increase of unnecessary and largely perfunctory letter writing as a serious menace to the efficiency of Federal administration and urged that Government officials create and keep only enough correspondence and other papers required "to make a record of what is done."2
Minimally invasive total joint arthroplasty: where are we going?

The purpose of total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee is to safely and effectively relieve pain, restore motion, and improve function. In less than three months, the vast majority of patients can return to the activities of daily living and can participate in certain sports. As a result, total joint arthroplasty has become one of the most successful and widely acclaimed procedures of the modern era. Recently, minimally invasive surgery, which involves a smaller incision (defined as <10 cm) or multiple smaller incisions, has been introduced to both hip and knee replacement surgery1-3. The premise is to reduce the trauma of surgery while maintaining the perceived high levels of safety, efficacy, and durability of the procedure. If it is done successfully, patients can expect a shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery, faster rehabilitation, improved function, and better cosmetic appearance, which should …
Economic Evaluation of Total Confinement and Open Range Turkey-Production Systems in Georgia

Abstract An economic analysis of confinement and range turkey production systems was made for both torn and hen turkeys marketed in Georgia. Physical and economic differences were compared for total confinement and open range turkey production systems on a commercial scale. Georgia growers contract to grow a specified number of turkeys in total confinement to market in winter and spring months so processing plants can operate year-round. However, a larger number of turkeys are marketed during the summer and fall months. Many producers in parts of Georgia and other Southeastern states have changed from range systems to total confinement houses, which reduce any natural climatic advantages that the region has in open range production. This research revealed that total labor requirements are almost the same for the two systems. However, market weights for torn turkeys grown on range during the 1978 to 1981 period averaged .77 kg (1.7 lb) heavier with a .09 lower feed conversion than shown for total confinement flocks. Total production costs in 1981 excluding land and labor cost, with feed valued at $.22/kg ($.10/lb) for torn turkeys averaged $.0457/kg ($.0207/lb) lower for open range flocks than total confinement flocks. Performance records and cost analyses indicated that Georgia producers can grow both torn and hen turkeys to heavier weights more efficiently on open range than in total confinement for marketing during the summer, fall, and early winter months.
Citrus Scale Distribution in the Mediterranean Basin

The distribution of the important coccid pests of citrus in the Mediterranean Basin is given with observations on their economic importance and the ecological and administrative factors influencing distribution.
Neutron capture by Ru: Neutron cross sections of {sup 96,102,104}Ru and gamma-ray spectroscopy in the decays of {sup 97,103,105}Ru

Cross sections for radiative capture of neutrons have been measured for stable isotopes of Ru with mass numbers $96,102$, and $104$. From separate irradiations using thermal and epithermal neutrons, independent values for the thermal cross section and effective resonance integral have been determined. Spectroscopic studies of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays emitted in the decays of $^{97,103,105}\mathrm{Ru}$ have enabled improvements in the precision of the energies and intensities of the radiations along with corresponding improvements in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay feeding intensities and the energies of the levels in the respective daughter nuclei. Similar spectroscopic measurements of the decays of $^{105}\mathrm{Rh}$ (daughter of $^{105}\mathrm{Ru}$) and $^{96}\mathrm{Tc}$ (produced from $n,p$ reactions on $^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$) have resulted in improved $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies and intensities in those decays.
Development of a Case-Based Teaching Module to Improve Student Understanding of Stakeholder Engagement Processes Within Engineering Systems Design

This paper introduces a case-based teaching module designed to increase student understanding of the importance of stakeholder engagement processes in the design of complex engineering systems. The teaching module makes use of a case study on past technology adoption and environmental injustices related to stormwater management plans in Onondaga County, NY. The module begins with a review of the history of events in the County, including social unrest when the needs of certain stakeholder groups were ignored. Students are then divided into groups, each representing an assigned stakeholder community. The students predict what engineering designs will most directly affect their stakeholder group and how each design solution may impact other groups. An assessment tool is used to gauge the students’ perceptions of stakeholder engagement and engineering design after the teaching module. Results demonstrate that the module effectively increased student understanding of the complexities related to the engineering design process, particularly stakeholder engagement activities. The module also improved student motivation and interest in course material. These results provide insights for instructors seeking effective ways to bring stakeholder concerns into the classroom.
Biophysics of Tardigrade Survival

Tardigrades, commonly known as water bears, are microorganisms that can survive extreme conditions: temperatures from −274°C to 151°C, pressures from 0 to 6,000 atmospheres, 1,000 times more radiation than the average animal, 10 days in space and over 20 years of dehydration. However, little is known about the mechanisms tardigrades use to survive these harsh environments. The Cytoplasmic Abundant Heat Soluble (CAHS) class of proteins is overexpressed by tardigrades under dehydration stress and the CAHS genes are essential for surviving dehydration. We have expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry and multidimensional, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy data indicate that the purified proteins are intrinsically disordered in dilute solution and form temperature-dependent reversible gel networks at higher concentrations.
Hypocalcemia in a Patient with Cancer

For most American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Kidney Week attendees, case-based clinical nephrology talks are one of the most exciting venues. The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire (NQQ) is the essence of clinical nephrology and represents what drew all of us into the field of nephrology. This year
Bayesian Estimation by Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling: Application to High-Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamic Systems

Abstract Modern industrial enterprises have invested significant resources for collecting and distributing data, with the expectation that it will enhance profitability via better decision making. Due to the complexity of these problems, existing approaches tend to make convenient, but invalid assumptions so that tractable solution may be found. For example, for estimation in nonlinear dynamic systems, extended Kalman filtering (EKF) relies on Gaussian approximation and local linearization to find a closed-form solution. Moving horizon based least-squares estimation (MHE) also relies on Gaussian approximation, but the use of nonlinear models and constraints eliminates most of the computational benefits of this approximation, but can provide more accurate estimates than EKF. Unfortunately, in most practical nonlinear dynamic systems, the posterior distributions are often far from Gaussian, and continually change their shape. Our previous work has developed rigorous Bayesian methods for estimation in nonlinear dynamic systems with constraints. These methods rely on recent theoretical developments in Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling (SMC). It does not rely on assumptions about the shape of the distributions, or nature of the models. Furthermore, this approach is expected to be computationally more efficient due to its recursive formulation that does not rely on nonlinear programming. These claims have been supported via applications to relatively small scale CSTR case studies. However, there are no illustrations or theoretical proofs to indicate how SMC performs for high-dimensional systems. This paper applies our previous work on Bayesian rectification by SMC to large scale nonlinear dynamic systems and compares the computational efficiency and accuracy with MHE and EKF. The model of the selected polymerization reactor contains eight variables, exhibit significant linear and nonlinear dynamics under different operating conditions, and requires satisfaction of process constraints. Results indicate that the accuracy and computational benefits of SMC are significant even for such high-dimensional systems.
Optimal go/no-go ratios to maximize false alarms

Despite the ubiquity of go/no-go tasks in the study of behavioral inhibition, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of key design characteristics, including the go/no-go ratio, intertrial interval, and number of types of go stimuli, on the production of different response classes of central interest. In the present study we sought to empirically determine the optimal conditions to maximize the production of a rare outcome of considerable interest to researchers: false alarms. As predicted, the shortest intertrial intervals (450 ms), intermediate go/no-go ratios (2:1 to 4:1), and the use of multiple types of go stimuli produced the greatest numbers of false alarms. These results are placed within the context of behavioral changes during learning.
3-D printed X-band Yagi-Uda antenna

This paper presents a quarter wavelength monopole driven X-band Yagi-Uda antenna manufactured with three dimensional (3-D) printing technology. By applying image theory, only half part of conventional Yagi-Uda antenna needs to be printed to obtain equivalent performance. Since the feeding element, reflector and directors of 3-D Yagi-Uda antenna in this paper are all vertically placed pillars, substrate effects are eliminated with enabled advantage of substrate independence. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed idea, high performance Yagi-Uda antenna is implemented following classic design guidelines, and optimized dimensions are generated with ANSYS HFSS 15.0 simulation. Co-planar waveguide (CPW) feeding line is patterned first with pre-deposited 200 nm thick gold on silicon wafer. Antenna is formed with 3-D printed SU-8 pillars on top of substrate and metallized by DC sputtering method. The printed antenna is characterized using R&S ZVA67 vector network analyzer and good agreement has obtained between simulation and measurement results.
Probiotics for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety

A combination of three probiotic species slightly improves symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. Lactobacillus casei alone does not affect depressive symptoms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but it does improve anxiety.
Elytrigia turcica sp. nova, an octoploid species of theE. elongata complex

Elytrigia turcica sp. nov., (Poaceae) (2n=8x=56), a member of the polyploid complex related toE. elongata(Host) Nevski, (2n=2x=14), is described and distinguished fromE. pontica(Podp.) Holub, (2n=10x=70), which it most resembles.
Cardiac Shunts: ASD, VSD, PDA

Atrial septum defects (ASDs), ventricular septum defects (VSDs), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are common congenital heart defects in both children and adults (Webb and Gatzoulis, Circulation 114:1645–1653, 2006; Minette and Sahn, Circulation 114:2190–2197, 2006; Schneider and Moore, Circulation 114:1873–1882, 2006). Morphological classification of these anomalies is important for treatment decisions. Accurate morphological classification requires imaging technique that is able to identify the defect and define its site, size, and relationship to the structures forming its margins. Imaging technique should also be able to identify associated anomalies, the amount of shunt through the defect, and accurate analysis of the heart and valve functions. Echocardiography is a great method for diagnosis of intracardiac shunts with good resolution to image cardiac morphology in detail and can identify small intracardiac defects and measure the shunt volume. Cardiac MR provides a comprehensive assessment of intracardiac anatomy and accurately quantifies biventricular function and blood flow. Detections of small defects (i.e., apical VSD) may require high-resolution imaging and CT can be the preferred technique. Assessment of associated extracardiac anomalies such as anomalous venous return can be optimally done with CT. In this chapter, a complete review of the shunts and clinical applications of CT and MRI will be presented.
The Whole Animal as an Assay System

Advances in our ability to detect and measure environmental contaminants and their tissue products parallel our new emphasis on incipient functional impairment and long-range risk estimates as indices of toxic effects. Death and overt pathology no longer are credible criteria by which to set environmental standards. By turning to functional criteria, however, we provoke a new set of vexing problems, namely, how to define toxicity. Among the factors that blur such a definition are the following: How do we subsume adaptive and compensatory mechanisms? How do we take account of non-specific subjective complaints? How shall we incorporate the responses of susceptible populations such as the very young, the very old, and constitutional predispositions to adverse responses? Behavior exemplifies many of these problems of definition because it encompasses so many functions and because toxic end points are merely arbitrary stages in a continuum. It is an indispensable criterion, however, because it is the whole animal that responds--that dies, or grows weak or becomes irritable and depressed. The impact on its welfare is what defines an agent as a pollutant.
Types of nonaudit service fees and earnings response coefficients in the post-sarbanes-oxley era

Abstract In this study, we partition the joint provision of nonaudit services (NAS) into audit-related, tax, and all other services, and examine whether these services have varying impacts on independence-in-appearance, as measured by earnings response coefficients, over an extended period following the enactment of SOX. Prior research examining independence-in-appearance generally focuses on the years surrounding SOX and uses an aggregate NAS measure despite anecdotal and experimental evidence that there may be heterogeneity in how investors perceive different types of NAS. We first show, consistent with prior research, that an aggregate measure of NAS does not, on average, significantly influence earnings response coefficients. We then partition NAS fees by type and provide evidence that investors have negative perceptions of audit-related NAS and positive perceptions of tax NAS, and that these two effects cancel out one another in aggregate. Further investigation reveals that our results are driven by firms with high levels of accruals and smaller firms, which further corroborates our findings. We also find that measures of financial dependence fail to fully capture the channels through which NAS influences investor perceptions. Lastly, we provide evidence that perceptions of tax NAS are, in part, driven by their effect on a firm's tax strategies.
Comparative Indigenous education research (CIER): Indigenous epistemologies and comparative education methodologies

This article considers the contributions of Indigenous knowledges to educational research. It proposes the term comparative Indigenous education research (CIER) in an effort to promote Indigenous-centred research approaches in comparative and international Indigenous education studies. Through CIER, Indigenous peoples and communities articulate research priorities, locate sites of research that raise issues of universal and local concern, and engage community-based responses that are locally and globally relevant beyond nation-state borders. The article draws on the evolution of comparative education and proposals for research approaches that utilise underrepresented lenses, as well as manifestations of endogenous philosophies, specifically Indigenous research methodologies. Conceptual frames for considering CIER through practice are also offered, based on comparative research that crosses disciplines and borders, as well as research with Indigenous communities and researcher observations that reflect epistemological commitment to Indigenous peoples.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children with Developmental Delay: The Role of Sleep Problems.

Objective Sleep problems are common and associated with externalizing behavior problems in young children, particularly among young children with developmental delay (DD). The aims of the current study, which was a secondary data analysis of 2 previously conducted randomized controlled trials, were to assess whether parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) led to decreases in child sleep problems and whether initial sleep problems moderated the effect of PCIT on child behavior. Methods The study participants were 44 children (M = 49.19 months, SD = 13.1) with DD or borderline DD and with co-occurring clinically significant levels of externalizing behavior problems and their mothers (M = 35.9 years, SD = 7.3). These participants were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment group or a waitlist control group. Results Findings revealed a significant direct effect of PCIT on decreases in sleep problems. Additionally, moderation analyses revealed that lower levels of child sleep problems at pretreatment were associated with greater improvements in observed child compliance compared with higher levels of child sleep problems at pretreatment. Conclusion This study extends previous findings by providing support for the preliminary efficacy of PCIT in reducing sleep problems in children with DD and borderline DD and highlighting the role of sleep problems as a factor associated with differential treatment effects in behavioral parenting intervention research.
Indigenous Rural Renewal in the Inland Pacific Northwest: The Emergence of American Indian Tribes in Regional Economic Development

The marginalization of Indigenous Peoples in the Inland Pacific Northwest destroyed successful salmon-based tribal economies, while failed federal policies for sustainable economic development on reservations and lack of tribal autonomy led to poverty for American Indians. Federal policies eventually recognized tribal self-government, but it took the legalization of tribal gaming to produce significant economic change. Extremely successful tribal gaming operations produced a rapidly expanding sophistication for tribal investment and a new tribal economy. By 2000 median American Indian /Alaskan Native incomes were higher than non-Indians in most rural counties, and American Indian tribal governments were the largest employers with the most discretionary revenues for investment in many rural counties. A new rural that incorporates tribal governmental and business success has emerged with dramatic new Indigenous rural futures. Keywords: American Indian; Native American; economic growth; Indigenous economies; resilient communities
The Occupational Mobility of Return Migrants: Lessons from North America

Temporary-labor migration is viewed in many European countries as a way to meet the demand for low-skilled workers without incurring the social costs of immigrant incorporation. An underlying assumption of this strategy is that workers will return to their home countries at the end of their labor contracts. Research on the economic fortunes of return migrants has largely focused on the use of migrant savings for business formation, but little is known about the occupational trajectories of return migrants who do not make capital investments. This chapter seeks to fill this gap in the migration literature by examining the impact of return migration and cumulative migration experience on the occupational mobility of Mexico-United States migrants who return to Mexico. The North American case shares many parallels with contemporary migration patterns in Europe and can highlight factors that influence the transferability of financial and human capital acquired from migration to source country labor markets—a key element of the current rationale for temporary-migration programs. Occupational and migration histories collected in 88 Mexican communities by the Mexican Migration Project are used to estimate hazard regression models of occupational transitions and logistic regression models of life-time occupational mobility. Results suggest that return migrants encounter difficulties in returning to occupations similar to the ones they held in Mexico prior to migration to the United States, and that migrants in general do not realize long-term occupational gains in Mexico from U.S. work experience.
The use of an upper extremity hemodialysis access site for stenting of the superior mesenteric artery for chronic mesenteric ischemia

Abstract We report the use of an upper extremity hemodialysis access site to facilitate endovascular treatment of the superior mesenteric artery in the setting of chronic mesenteric ischemia. A 64-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presented with worsening symptoms associated with chronic mesenteric ischemia. Her left upper extremity interposition graft within the fistula access site was selected to avoid a hostile aortoiliac system and in consideration of the potential benefits it provided over transfemoral, transbrachial, and transradial sites. The procedure was technically successful without complication. Hemodialysis access sites, such as the interposition graft within the fistula of this patient, are a potential route of upper extremity access for mesenteric interventions in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
Impact of Cyber-Attacks on Power Grids with Distributed Energy Storage Systems

Power system cyber-attacks today have become a significant design concern. By initiating false commands and/or injecting false data into power grid controls, attackers can perturb a variety of system state and dynamics. With a rapidly evolving energy landscape and aggressive carbon reduction goals in many locations [1], distributed energy storage systems are likely to be broadly deployed in the future. Energy storage can be used for balancing power demands and managing increased variability from solar and wind resources, as well as increasingly widespread electric vehicle charging stations. In this paper, we study the impact of attacks on emerging power grids with widespread energy storage. Based on a theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we find that grids using widespread storage can lead to increased system vulnerabilities if not managed intelligently. Finally, we propose an approach for managing storage such that the overall grid is more resilient to attacks.
Complementary and divergent roles for Ctage5 and Tango1 in zebrafish

Abstract Coat protein complex II (COPII) factors mediate cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but bulky collagens and lipoproteins are too large for traditional COPII vesicles. Mammalian CTAGE5 and TANGO1 have been well characterized individually as specialized cargo receptors at the ER that function with COPII coats to facilitate trafficking of bulky cargoes. Here, we present a genetic interaction study in zebrafish of deletions in ctage5, tango1, or both to investigate their potential distinct and complimentary functions. We found that Ctage5 and Tango1 have different roles related to organogenesis, collagen versus lipoprotein trafficking, stress-pathway activation, and survival. While deletion of both ctage5 and tango1 compounded phenotype severity, deletion of either factor alone revealed novel tissue specific defects in the building of heart, muscle, lens, and intestine, in addition to the previously described roles in the development of neural and cartilage tissues. Together, our results suggest that Ctage5 and Tango1 have overlapping, but also divergent roles in tissue development and homeostasis. Summary In this genetic study Ctage5 and Tango1 endoplasmic reticulum cargo receptors were investigated together in vivo for the first time. Cell differentiation, survival, trafficking, and stress pathway activation were investigated.
Serum neutralizing antibodies against Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin in cattle with experimentally induced or naturally developed hepatic abscesses.

The relationship between serum- neutralizing antibody against Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxin and hepatic abscesses was investigated in cattle fed diets supplemented with or without tylosin. Sixteen cattle (eight each in tylosin and in control groups) were inoculated intraportally with F. necrophorum. Ultrasonographic scanning showed that all control animals developed hepatic abscesses after inoculation. In the tylosin group, two animals were free of abscess by d 7 and one was free by d 14. Leukotoxin-neutralizing antibody titers were low on d 0, but increased (P < .05) markedly after intraportal inoculation in both groups. In a second study, blood was collected at the time of slaughter from 141 feedlot cattle (36 fed diets with tylosin and 105 fed diets without tylosin), and livers were examined for presence or severity of hepatic abscesses at slaughter. The incidences of hepatic abscesses were 32% in the control group and 6% in the tylosin group. Antibody was detected in all animals; however, antibody titers were greater (P < .05) in cattle with abscessed liver than those without, and greater (P < .01) in the nontylosin than in the tylosin group. Abscess score and antibody titer were correlated (r = .34; P < .0001). We conclude that F. necrophorum leukotoxin is highly antigenic and that anti-leukotoxin antibody titer is related to the seventy of hepatic abscesses. necrophorum, Liver Abscess, Toxins, Tylosin