cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Environmental Amenity Benefits of Private Land: The Case of Prime Agricultural Land

lins; MacMullan). The economic justification for public intervention into the private agFailure of land markets to account for en- for publc intervention into the private ag ricultural land market, however, is unclear. vironmental amenity benefits may lend sup- One fairly controversial reason given for pubport to public policies to protect agricultural inrention is e nee e e lic intervention is the need to protect the . .^ . ~...~.
Kinetic Theories for Nonisothermal Flows: Differential Constitutive Equations

Elastic dumbbell kinetic theory has been used to derive a differential constitutive equation for the nonisothermal flow of polymer melts. This theory uses anisotropic drag to incorporate interactions between polymer molecules; the resulting constitutive equation is the nonisothermal form of the Giesekus equation. The constitutive equation thus obtained differs from that which would be obtained by applying the pseudo-time postulate to the isothermal form of the Giesekus constitutive equation. To examine this difference, we consider predictions for the inception of uniaxial elongation with simultaneous cooling at a constant rate and predictions for the inception of shear flow with simultaneous heating at a constant rate. The former experiment has been suggested as one that may be able to distinguish the applicability of the pseudo-time idea, but the results given here indicate that the latter may be more appropriate.
Sulfhydryl groups and the structure of hemoglobin.

1. Addition of 2 moles of mersalyl, mercuric chloride, p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), or methyl mercury hydroxide per mole of hemoglobin greatly reduces heme-heme interactions (n), yet these substances have quite different effects on the oxygen affinity (-log p50). Mersalyl and mercuric chloride at this concentration each increase the oxygen affinity, while PCMB and methyl mercury have little or no effect on the oxygen affinity. These effects are primarily associated with the binding of —SH groups, and are largely reversed on the addition of glutathione. —SH groups do not appear to be responsible for the Bohr effect. 2. Evidence is presented for the belief that the two hemes of each half-molecule of horse hemoglobin are situated on either side of a cluster of—SH groups. 3. The mechanism of interaction between the hemes is discussed. It is concluded that the reorganization of the protein architecture which accompanies oxygenation plays a central role in this interaction, in agreement with the views of Pauling and Wyman.
Creep characteristics of hand- and vacuum-mixed acrylic bone cement at elevated stress levels.

Compressive creep testing of cylindrical specimens machined from two commercial self-polymerizing acrylic bone cements demonstrated measurable creep strains with higher creep strains for the hand-mixed cement specimens compared to vacuum-mixed cement ones. The average creep strains of hand-mixed cement, after 6 h of constant load, ranged from 0.11° at 10.5 MPa to 14.0° at 50 MPa of applied stress. Vacuum mixing reduced the average creep strain to 6.7° after 6 h of applied stress at 50 MPa. There were no significant differences in the creep response between the two types of acrylic cements. The difference in creep resistance of the two cements was reduced after vacuum mixing (P = .013), which also significantly reduced the cement's internal porosity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fault-Plane Determination of the 18 April 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake by Detecting and Relocating Aftershocks

We developed a sliding-window cross-correlation (SCC) detection technique and applied the technique to continuous waveforms recorded by the Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Network stations following the 18 April 2008 Illinois earthquake. The technique detected more than 120 aftershocks down to M_L 1.0 in the 2 week time window following the mainshock, which is three times more than the number of aftershocks reported by the seismic network. Most aftershocks happened within 24 hrs of the mainshock. We then relocated all events by the double-difference relocation algorithm. Accurate P- and S-wave differential arrival times between events were obtained by waveform cross correlation. After relocation, we used the L1 norm to fit all located events by a plane to determine the mainshock fault plane. The best-fit plane has a strike of 292°±11° and dips 81°±7° to the northeast. This plane agrees well with the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and four largest aftershocks. By combining the aftershock locations and focal mechanism solutions, we conclude that the 18 April earthquake occurred on a nearly vertical left-lateral strike-slip fault orienting in the west-northwest–east-southeast direction. The fault coincides with the proposed left-stepping Divide accommodation zone in the La Salle deformation belt and indicates reactivation of old deformation zone by contemporary stresses in the Midcontinent.
An evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000

This study compares the additions to conventional crude oil and natural gas reserves as reported from January 1996 to December 2003 with the estimated undiscovered and reserve-growth volumes assessed in the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000, which used data current through 1995. Approximately 28% of the estimated additions to oil reserves by reserve growth and approximately 11% of the estimated undiscovered oil volumes were realized in the 8 yr since the assessment (27% of the time frame for the assessment). Slightly more than half of the estimated additions to gas reserves by reserve growth and approximately 10% of the estimated undiscovered gas volumes were realized. Between 1995 and 2003, growth of oil reserves in previously discovered fields exceeded new-field discoveries as a source of global additions to reserves of conventional oil by a ratio of 3:1. The greatest amount of reserve growth for crude oil occurred in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest amount of reserve growth for natural gas occurred in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries occurred in the Asia Pacific region. On an energy-equivalent basis, volumes of new gas-field discoveries exceeded new oil-field discoveries.
Industrial Revenue Bonds: Tests Of The Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis, The Miller Hypothesis, And Segmentation Of The Tax-Exempt Bond Market

This paper considers alternative hypotheses that have been set forth to explain the relative yields on taxable and tax-exempt securities: the Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis, the Corporate Tax-Rate Hypothesis, and the Market Segmentation Hypothesis. The empirical results indicate support for the Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis for short maturities, and the modified Corporate Tax-Rate Hypothesis for long maturities. They also indicate strong evidence of market segmentation among tax-exempt securities of differing maturities. Specifically, commercial bank demand for tax-exempt securities has a significant effect on the yield spread for short and intermediate maturities, but no such effect is observed for long maturities.
Contextualism about object-seeing

When is seeing part of an object enough to qualify as seeing the object itself? For instance, is seeing a cat’s tail enough to qualify as seeing the cat itself? I argue that whether a subject qualifies as seeing a given object varies with the context of the ascriber. Having made an initial case for the context-sensitivity of object-seeing, I then address the contention that it is merely a feature of the ordinary notion. I argue that the notions of object-seeing that earn their explanatory keep in both vision science and the philosophy of perception are context-sensitive as well.
Nature-Inspired Total Synthesis of (−)-Fusarisetin A

A concise, protecting group-free total synthesis of (−)-fusarisetin A (1) was efficiently achieved in nine steps from commercially available (S)-(−)-citronellal. The synthetic approach was inspired by our proposed biosynthesis of 1. Key transformations of our strategy include a facile construction of the decalin moiety that is produced via a stereoselective IMDA reaction and a one-pot TEMPO-induced radical cyclization/aminolysis that forms the C ring of 1. Our route is amenable to analogue synthesis for biological evaluation.
Quantitative retention of atmospherically deposited elements by native vegetation is traced by the fallout radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb.

Atmospheric deposition is the primary mechanism by which remote environments are impacted by anthropogenic contaminants. Vegetation plays a critical role in intercepting atmospheric aerosols, thereby regulating the timing and magnitude of both contaminant and nutrient delivery to underlying soils. However, quantitative models describing the fate of atmospherically derived elements on vegetation are limited by a lack of long-term measurements of both atmospheric flux and foliar concentrations. We addressed this gap in understanding by quantifying weekly atmospheric deposition of the naturally occurring radionuclide tracers 7Be and 210Pb, as well as their activities in leaves of colocated trees, for three years in New Hampshire, U.S. The accumulation of both 7Be and 210Pb in deciduous and coniferous vegetation is predicted by a model that is based solely on measured atmospheric fluxes, duration of leaf exposure, and radioactive decay. Any “wash off” processes that remove 7Be and 210Pb from foliage operate w...
Hippocampal proteomics defines pathways associated with memory decline and resilience in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease mouse models

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, has no cure. Thus, the identification of key molecular mediators of cognitive decline in AD remains a top priority. As aging is the most significant risk factor for AD, the goal of this study was to identify altered proteins and pathways associated with the development of normal aging and AD memory deficits, and identify unique proteins and pathways that may contribute to AD-specific symptoms. We used contextual fear conditioning to diagnose 8-month-old 5XFAD and non-transgenic (Ntg) mice as having either intact or impaired memory, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify hippocampal membrane proteins across groups. Subsequent analysis detected 113 proteins differentially expressed relative to memory status (intact vs impaired) in Ntg mice and 103 proteins in 5XFAD mice. Thirty-six proteins, including several involved in neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity (e.g., GRIA1, GRM3, and SYN1), were altered in both normal aging and AD. Pathway analysis highlighted HDAC4 as a regulator of observed protein changes in both genotypes and identified the REST epigenetic regulatory pathway and Gi intracellular signaling as AD-specific pathways involved in regulating the onset of memory deficits. Comparing the hippocampal membrane proteome of Ntg versus AD, regardless of cognitive status, identified 138 differentially expressed proteins, including confirmatory proteins APOE and CLU. Overall, we provide a novel list of putative targets and pathways with therapeutic potential, including a set of proteins associated with cognitive status in normal aging mice or gene mutations that cause AD.
Problems in the Design of Large Data-Bases

This paper examines the factors limiting the data-base designer’s choice of storage medium, data-base organization and mode of access. It is shown that size alone limits the alternatives; in addition, the effect of a requirement for direct, sequential or mixed accessing capability, the pattern of accesses - both in terms of distibution through time, and distribution through the physical data-base - and whether one or more keys are used to identify records for retrieval, and the impact of security and backup considerations, are all analyzed.
R4 corrections to conifolds and G2-holonomy spaces

Abstract Motivated by examples that appeared in the context of string theory—gauge theory duality, we consider corrections to supergravity backgrounds induced by higher derivative ( R 4 +⋯) terms in superstring effective action. We argue that supersymmetric solutions that solve BPS conditions at the leading (supergravity) order continue to satisfy a 1st order “RG-type” system of equations with extra source terms encoding string (or M-theory) corrections. We illustrate this explicitly on the examples of R 4 corrections to generalized resolved and deformed 6d conifolds and a class of non-compact 7d spaces with G 2 holonomy. Both types of backgrounds get non-trivial modifications which we study in detail, stressing analogies between the two cases.
MO-B-201-03: MRI-Guided Tracking and Gating.

The motion management in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a key to success for a SBRT program, and still an on-going challenging task. A major factor is that moving structures behave differently than standing structures when examined by imaging modalities, and thus require special considerations and employments. Understanding the motion effects to these different imaging processes is a prerequisite for a decent motion management program. The commonly used motion control techniques to physically restrict tumor motion, if adopted correctly, effectively increase the conformity and accuracy of hypofractionated treatment. The effective application of such requires one to understand the mechanics of the application and the related physiology especially related to respiration. The image-guided radiation beam control, or tumor tracking, further realized the endeavor for precision-targeting. During tumor tracking, the respiratory motion is often constantly monitored by non-ionizing beam sources using the body surface as its surrogate. This then has to synchronize with the actual internal tumor motion. The latter is often accomplished by stereo X-ray imaging or similar techniques. With these advanced technologies, one may drastically reduce the treated volume and increase the clinicians’ confidence for a high fractional ablative radiation dose. However, the challenges in implementing the motion management may not be trivial and is dependent on each clinic case. This session of presentations is intended to provide an overview of the current techniques used in managing the tumor motion in SBRT, specifically for routine lung SBRT, proton based treatments, and newly-developed MR guided RT. Learning Objectives: Through this presentation, the audience will 1. understand basic roles of commonly used imaging modalities for lung cancer studies; 2. familiarize the major advantages and limitations of each discussed motion control methods; 3. familiarize the major advantages and limitations of each discussed radiation beam control methodology and tumor tacking method; 4. understand the key points in motion management for a high quality SBRT program.
NEW REALITIES, NEW RELATIONSHIPS: The ivory tower as preparation for the trenches: The relationship between library education and library practice

Nom du programme d'etudes (doit-il comporter le terme de bibliotheque?). Caracteristiques du programme d'etudes. Reponse aux critiques adressees a l'enseignement de la bibliotheconomie (trop de theorie). Normes d'habilitation des etablissement d'enseignement
Tunable and Ultra-Small Graphene Integrated Silicon Racetrack Micro Resonator

We have demonstrated ultra-small and tunable graphene integrated racetrack silicon photonic resonators by harnessing the unique optoelectronic properties of graphene layer and the racetrack silicon resonators. Previous studies have been focused on the straight waveguide interacting with a graphene layer. To further explore how to effectively increase the interaction length between graphene layer and silicon photonic devices, this paper employs integrated racetrack silicon resonator interacting with graphene layer within the coupling region . These new configurations will reduce the footprints of the graphene integrated silicon photonics to micron size , instead of hundreds of microns or even millimeter size. We have demonstrated relatively large voltage tuning results and large modulation depth when putting the graphene layer within the coupling region of the racetrack microresonator close to the critical coupling condition. Our work offers flexibility and tunability for hybrid graphene silicon photonic systems, as well as future functional hybrid photonic devices and systems. Potential applications include emerging areas such as active silicon photonic devices for high-performance data processing, tele communications, integrated biophotonics, and low-power energy saving optoelectronic devices.
Comparison in Men Versus Women of Co-morbidities, Complications, and Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) decreases mortality in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, but it remains unclear if female gender is associated with more favorable outcomes after TAVI. All patients who underwent TAVI at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed and stratified by gender. Procedural, in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year outcomes were defined according to the second Valve Academic Research Consortium. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 1 year. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were conducted. Overall, 755 patients underwent TAVI and were included in the study; 50.7% were women. Average age was 83.0 ± 7.7 years, with a mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 8.9 ± 4.6. Women were older than men and more likely to be black. Most co-morbidities were less common among women, and they were more likely than men to suffer both in-hospital (8.4% vs 4.3%, p = 0.021) and 30-day (9.4% vs 5.4%, p = 0.035) all-cause mortality. Life-threatening bleeding, transfusion, and iliofemoral dissection or perforation were more common among women. There was no difference in mortality between women and men at 1 year (20.6% vs 21.5%, log-rank p = 0.87). After multivariable adjustment, however, female gender was independently associated with lower mortality at 1 year after TAVI. In conclusion, despite higher rates of major bleeding, vascular complications, and 30-day mortality, female gender was independently associated with improved survival at 1 year after TAVI.
Data Curation and the Arts: How Do Musicians Curate Their Data?

Professional musicians were surveyed to determine how personal, amateur recordings of performances are shared with students and colleagues. Sharing files on social media is common, with Facebook, Y...
Oral (po) and Intravenous (iv) Clofarabine for Patients (pts) with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Clofarabine (CLO) is a second generation deoxyadenosine nucleoside analog with activity in pts with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Early reports also suggested activity in MDS, but the role of CLO in MDS has not been defined. To evaluate the activity and safety of CLO in MDS we designed two phase II studies of IV CLO and PO CLO, respectively. Pts were eligible with MDS and ≥5% blasts or IPSS intermediate-2 and high-risk, CMML, and RAEB-t by FAB. Hematopoietic growth factor support prior to and during the study was permitted. In the IV study pts were adaptively randomized (based on response) to receive CLO 15 or 30 mg/m2 IV over 1 hr. daily × 5 every 4–6 weeks. For the PO study, the starting dose of CLO was 40 mg/m2 orally daily × 5 every 4–6 weeks (oral bioavailability assumed ~ 50%, based on preclinical data), which was decreased to 30 mg/m2 orally daily × 5 after 6 pts had been treated on the higher dose. Sixty-one pts (6 RA/RARS/RCMD, 17 RAEB-1, 16 RAEB-2, 11 CMML, 11 RAEB-t) were treated. Forty-two pts (69%) had high- or intermediate-2 risk disease by IPSS. Thirty-six pts received IV CLO and 25 PO CLO. Median age was 67 yrs (range 25–89) (IV) and 70 yrs (54–86) (PO). Overall, > 80% of pts were older than 60 yrs. Approximately 1/3 of pts had secondary MDS: 13 (36%) (IV) and 8 (32%) (PO), respectively. Seventeen (47%) (IV) and 10 (40%) (PO) of pts had unfavorable cytogenetics (by IPSS definition). Thirty-nine (64%) pts failed prior hypomethylator therapy with either decitabine or azacitidine (22 [61%] pts on IV and 17 [68%] pts on PO CLO). Responses of 60 evaluable pts (one pt refused continuation of therapy on D4 of first course) are summarized in the Table: Six pts (10%) died on study (all IV CLO; most commonly related to infectious complications). All pts were evaluable for toxicities. Common AEs were nausea, vomiting, skin rash, hyperbilirubinemia and transaminase elevations. Toxicities ≥ grade 3 were rare. Acute renal failure occurred in 7 pts (2 IV [15 mg/m2], 3 IV [30 mg/m2], 2 PO). Myelosuppression and hospitalizations for neutropenic fever were common, but prolonged myelosuppression (> 42 days) was rare. In conclusion, CLO has activity in pts with higher-risk MDS. Optimal dose and schedule for PO and IV CLO remain to be defined. Lower doses of CLO are also associated with responses. Additional dose finding trials are underway to define the MTD and DLT of IV and PO CLO in high-risk MDS.
Tapped-based Authentication for Mobile Device Security

Passkeys have been around since personal phones have existed. The typical numeric PIN offers a limited number of combinations and is relatively easy to crack by guessing or eavesdropping. A tap sequence used as a passkey offers an infinite number of different combinations making it unique to that person and that person alone. Once a passkey is saved, it can be compared using the Euclidean distance formula to any other passkey resulting in a dissimilarity score to the master key. If this score is within a certain threshold, that passkey will grant or deny the user access. Our results show that it is possible to authenticate using a unique tap sequence, and convenient enough to be used every day to unlock a personal device.
Application of denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for management of residential non-point sources of nitrogen

Two important and large non-point sources of nitrogen in residential areas that adversely affect water quality are stormwater runoff and effluent from on-site treatment systems. These sources are challenging to control due to their variable flow rates and nitrogen concentrations. Denitrifying bioreactors that employ a lignocellulosic wood chip medium contained within a saturated (anoxic) zone are relatively new technology that can be implemented at the local level to manage residential non-point nitrogen sources. In these systems, wood chips serve as a microbial biofilm support and provide a constant source of organic substrate required for denitrification. Denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for stormwater management include biofilters and bioretention systems modified to include an internal water storage zone; for on-site wastewater, they include upflow packed bed reactors, permeable reactive barriers, and submerged wetlands. Laboratory studies have shown that these bioreactors can achieve nitrate removal efficiencies as high as 80–100% but could provide more fundamental insight into system design and performance. For example, the type and size of the wood chips, hydraulic loading rate, and dormant period between water applications affects the hydrolysis rate of the lignocellulosic substrate, which in turn affects the amount and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon for denitrification. Additional field studies can provide a better understanding of the effect of varying environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, precipitation rates, household water use rates, and idle periods on nitrogen removal performance. Long-term studies are also essential for understanding operations and maintenance requirements and validating mathematical models that integrate the complex physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in these systems. Better modeling tools could assist in optimizing denitrifying wood chip bioreactors to meet nutrient reduction goals in urban and suburban watersheds.
Melting glaciers stimulate large summer phytoplankton blooms in southwest Greenland waters

Each summer, large quantities of freshwater and associated dissolved and particulate material are released from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) into local fjords where they promote local phytoplankton growth. Whether the influx of freshwater and associated micronutrients in glacial meltwater is able to stimulate phytoplankton growth beyond the fjords is disputed, however. Here we show that the arrival of freshwater discharge from outlet glaciers from both southeast and southwest GrIS coincides with large-scale blooms in the Labrador Sea that extend over 300 km from the coast during summer. This summer bloom develops about a week after the arrival of glacial meltwater in early July and persists until the input of glacial meltwater slows in August or September, accounting for ~40% of annual net primary production for the area. In view of the absence of a significant change in the depth of the mixed layer associated with the arrival of glacial meltwater to the Labrador Sea, we suggest that the increase in phytoplankton biomass and productivity in summer is likely driven by a greater nutrient supply (most likely iron). Our results highlight that the ecological impact of meltwater from the GrIS likely extends far beyond the boundaries of the local fjords, encompassing much of the eastern Labrador Sea. Such impacts may increase if melting of the GrIS accelerates as predicted.
Teaching Geography through an Animated Lens

Geography is a fun and exciting discipline involving the interrogation of place and space. Film is a powerful and meaningful tool, which also transmits perceptions of place and space. Therefore, th...
Assessment of Substance Misuse

This chapter examines common methods used for the assessment of drug and alcohol use and misuse. Two general types of assessment are discussed: proactive assessment and reactive assessment. Strengths and weaknesses of using self-report measures of substance use are identified. Unstructured interviews and structured interview assessment tools (e.g., Substance Dependence Severity Scale, Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis, DSM-V, etc.) are also discussed, including application to different age groups and the strengths and weaknesses of using each. Individual structured “brief” inventories of alcohol and drug use consequences to assess the severity of use in different domains of functioning are explored in detail. Benefits include the rapid assessment of possible misuse that can be used as preliminary evidence to conduct more extensive assessments. However, the limited items associated with these instruments may possibly overlook symptoms or consequences associated with misuse. There also remains a need for many of these tools to be validated in cross-cultural studies. Comprehensive assessment inventories of misuse, biochemical assessments, and multimodal assessments are explored, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, practical and ethical issues associated with the assessment of drug and alcohol misuse from secondary data sources are presented.
An Open-loop Stackelberg Game Approach to the Dynamic Congestion Pricing Problem

Abstract This paper considers the problem of dynamic congestion pricing which determines an optimal toll schedule to be charged at the entrance of a bottleneck on a single-destination traffic network. A two-person nonzero-sum Stackelberg differential game model is formulated when the underlying information structure is open loop. Characteristics of the Stackelberg equilibrium solution are analyzed. The Pontryagin minimum principle is applied to derive the necessary conditions from which the open-loop Stackelberg equilibrium strategy can be obtained. The heuristic algorithm which obviates an evaluation of the gradient vector of the Hamiltonian is also proposed.
Improving Opportunities for Bridging Social Capital: The Story of a Full-Service Community School Initiative at an Alternative High School

This article describes the collective efforts educators and multiple community partners are taking to transform one alternative urban high school into a full-service community school. The article p...
Jewish Overnight Camps

This chapter provides lists with contact information (name, address, phone number, website) for about 110 Jewish overnight camps.
When is Emotional Labor Less Detrimental to Employee Well-Being? The Moderating Effect of Rewards and Motivational Forces of Display Rules

Prior research suggested engaging in emotional labor for financial gain is generally dissatisfying and is associated with negative mental outcomes. In this conceptual paper, we address the research question: when is emotional labor less detrimental to employee well-being? We investigate how rewards as well as valence and expectancy of display rules moderate the associations between surface acting and emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. We discuss the differential moderating effects of financial and nonfinancial rewards on the relationships between surface acting and emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction for people in different professions. Our research provides multiple avenues for future research.
Crafting High-Impact Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Some Suggested Guidelines:

Research on the topic of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) continues to proliferate. Nonetheless, the conceptualization and measurement of this construct are matters of ongoing discussion and debate...
Sindbis virus - induced ocular immunopathology

The intraocular injection of the Sindbis virus in adult BALB/c mice produces a uveoretinitis with little or no central nervous system involvement. Ocular disease starts on the third day after infection and presents as a mild to moderate iridocyclitis and retinitis, usually accompanied by typical severe dysplastic changes of the retina. The inflammatory infiltrate consists almost exclusively of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Immunosuppression of the mouse with cyclophosphamide on the day after infection markedly reduces or eliminates completely the inflammatory response, suggesting that the virus itself is not cytopathogenic. In the normal host, the virus replicates within the eye for several days but is then completely eliminated by day 8 after infection. In the immunosuppressed animal, virus titers reach greater levels than in the normal animal and then fall, in step with the developing inflammatory response. It would appear that the immunologic mechanisms responsible for clearance of the viral infection from the eye also mediate the ocular disease.
Proteins from Scratch

It is not easy to predict a protein9s structure from its linear amino acid sequence, and the reverse problem--designing a protein that will assume a particular folded shape--is even harder. But on page 82 in this issue, Dahiyat and Mayo have succeeded in creating a zinc finger fold de novo, which forms the same shaped protein as the natural one but without the usual stabilizing zinc ion. In his Perspective, DeGrado explains why this problem has been so intractable and where we can go now that Dahiyat and Mayo have paved the way.
Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Harmonic Trap: Effect of Interactions on Tc

For a harmonically trapped dilute Bose gas with uniformly repulsive interactions which is assumed to satisfy a certain condition on the extensivity of fluctuations, I find on upper bound on the condensate fraction f. If BEC is defined by the condition that f>const.N−α, α<1/2, I argue that in the limit N→∞, Vo→0, NVo→const. where Vo is the space integral of the potential, the interactions cannot increase the critical temperature over that of the noninteracting gas.
Estimation of cotton yield with varied irrigation and nitrogen treatments using aerial multispectral imagery

Cotton yield varies spatially within a field. The variability can be caused by various production inputs such as soil properties, water management, and fertilizer application. Airborne multispectral imaging is capable of providing data and information to study effects of the inputs on yield qualitatively and quantitatively in a timely and cost-effective fashion. A 10-ha cotton field with irrigation and non-irrigation 2×2 blocks was used in this study. Six nitrogen application treatments were randomized with two replications within each block. As plant canopy was closed, airborne multispectral images of the field were acquired using a 3-CCD MS4100 camera. The images were processed to generate various vegetation indices. The vegetation indices were evaluated for the best performance to characterize yield. The effect of irrigation on vegetation indices was significant. Models for yield estimation were developed and verified by comparing the estimated and actual yields. Results indicated that ratio of vegetation index (RVI) had a close relationship with yield (R2=0.47). Better yield estimation could be obtained using a model with RVI and soil electrical conductivity (EC) measurements of the field as explanatory variables (R2=0.53). This research demonstrates the capability of aerial multispectral remote sensing in estimating cotton yield variation and considering soil properties and nitrogen.
Coping with psoriasis: a guide for counseling patients.

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, intractable hyperproliferative skin disease that affects 1 to 3 percent of the American population. 1 This disease accounts for 4.8 percent of office visits for dermatologic reasons, third after warts and acne. 2 Two British dermatologists, however, note that dermatologists tend to pay more attention to the rash and its transient, occasional removal than to the problems of the patient in the community in relation to that rash. 3
The Human Genome Project.

The Human Genome Project is an ambitious research effort aimed at deciphering the chemical makeup of the entire human genetic code (i.e., the genome). The primary work of the project is to develop three research tools that will allow scientists to identify genes involved in both rare and common diseases. Another project priority is to examine the ethical, legal, and social implications of new genetic technologies and to educate the public about these issues. Although it has been in existence for less than 6 years, the Human Genome Project already has produced results that are permeating basic biological research and clinical medicine. For example, researchers have successfully mapped the mouse genome, and work is well under way to develop a genetic map of the rat, a useful model for studying complex disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, and alcoholism.
Parkinson's disease-linked Parkin mutations impair glutamatergic signaling in hippocampal neurons.

Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin is enriched at glutamatergic synapses, where it ubiquitinates multiple substrates, suggesting that its mutation/loss-of-function could contribute to the etiology of PD by disrupting excitatory neurotransmission. Here, we evaluate the impact of four common PD-associated Parkin point mutations (T240M, R275W, R334C, G430D) on glutamatergic synaptic function in hippocampal neurons. We find that expression of these point mutants in cultured hippocampal neurons from Parkin-deficient and Parkin-null backgrounds alters NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated currents and cell-surface levels and prevents the induction of long-term depression. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Parkin regulates NMDA receptor trafficking through its ubiquitination of GluN1, and that all four mutants are impaired in this ubiquitinating activity. Furthermore, Parkin regulates synaptic AMPA receptor trafficking via its binding and retention of the postsynaptic scaffold Homer1, and all mutants are similarly impaired in this capacity. Our findings demonstrate that pathogenic Parkin mutations disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons by impeding NMDA and AMPA receptor trafficking. Such effects may contribute to the pathophysiology of PD in PARK2 patients.
A review on cost analysis of building construction by using autoclaved aerated concrete block (AAC), fly ash brick and clay brick as masonry component

This research work was done to show comparative study residential building while considering dead and live load using AAC block or fly ash and a clay brick for G+5 building was done. The use of AAC blocks offers an innovative solution to the construction industry associated with preserving environmental issues. In this work, also an attempt has been made to calculate bricks and blocks quantity per floor. The G+5 building was designed with the help of Staad pro software and the cost calculation for steel take off, cost of structure etc. was carried out. Autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) block has been found to be economical as a construction material replaced by conventional brick. After designing the structure we are found that if we used AAC block in place of conventional brick we are saving almost around 25.08 % of steel in the overall project.
FP16 South Dakota Team Nutrition: Increasing Access to Healthier Food Options

Objective SD Department of Education (DOE) in partnership with South Dakota State University (SDSU) Extension engages nutrition and wellness stakeholders to build statewide support in creating healthy environments and increasing student access to healthier food options through integrating South Dakota Team Nutrition programs within schools and communities, especially those with a high percentage of American Indian youth. Description Schools and communities were actively involved in implementation of Fuel Up to Play 60 activities to increase school breakfast participation, Power Chef Challenge lessons to enhance student's food preparation and culinary skills, Farm to School initiatives to increase local food procurement, and Smarter Lunchroom Movement strategies to help nudge students to voluntarily select the healthiest food options. Sub-grant funding was awarded to increase school district access to financial resources needed to implement these activities. Evaluation Process evaluation measures, outcome measures of students’ nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and food environment and wellness policy measures were used to demonstrate impact across all activities. During 2016-2019 implementation, Fuel Up to Play 60 was the program of choice in 17 schools. Among those schools, five increased school breakfast participation, and 11 increased school lunch participation. Power Chef Challenge activities reached over 2,000 students and significant increases in nutrition knowledge were seen among participants. Gardening efforts are currently underway in six schools. Two schools participated in the Smarter Lunchroom Movement, and both demonstrated an increase in the Smarter Lunchrooms Self-Assessment Score Card score after participating in grant-funded activities. Conclusions and Implications Through Team Nutrition Training Grant funds, SD Team Nutrition has been able to provide schools across the state the opportunity to engage in a variety of nutrition education programs that positively impact student health and wellness. Grant Year 2016
Evaluation of Sopelem Presa 226RC Plotter for Independent Model Triangulation

The Presa 226RC is a first-order stereorestitution instrument accepting wide angle and super wide angle aerial photography. It is relatively unknown to photogrammetrists in North America. It was te...
Gender Performance Gaps Across Different Assessment Methods and the Underlying Mechanisms: The Case of Incoming Preparation and Test Anxiety

A persistent ‘gender penalty’ in exam performance disproportionately impacts women in large introductory science courses, where exam grades generally account for the majority of the students’ assessment of learning. Previous work in introductory biology demonstrates that some social psychological factors may underlie these gender penalties, including test anxiety and interest in course content. In this paper, we examine the extent that gender predicts performance across disciplines, and investigate social psychological factors that mediate performance. We also examine whether a gender penalty persists beyond introductory courses, and can be observed in more advanced upper division science courses. We ran analyses (1) across two colleges at a single institution: the College of Biological Sciences and the College of Science and Engineering (i.e., physics, chemistry, materials science, math); and (2) across introductory lower division courses and advanced upper division courses, or those that require a prerequisite. We affirm that exams have disparate impacts based on student gender at the introductory level, with female students underperforming relative to male students. We did not observe these exam gender penalties in upper division courses, suggesting that women are either being ‘weeded out’ at the introductory level, or ‘warming to’ timed examinations. Additionally, results from mediation analyses show that across disciplines and divisions, for women only, test anxiety negatively influences exam performance.
Ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) filtration services are driven by seasonal temperature and site-specific seston variability

Abstract Ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) are ubiquitous intertidal invertebrates of eastern North American salt marshes, often living in close association with salt marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. They are typically concentrated at the lower extent of the vegetated zone along tidal channels, but are also found across the marsh platform. As filter-feeding bivalves, ribbed mussels remove suspended micro-particulate matter and associated nutrients from the water column, potentially resulting in benefits to water quality. However, the magnitude of such ecosystem services may depend on temporal and spatial variation in the mussel's water clearance and particle filtration rates. The goal of this study was to identify sources of variation regarding the distribution of ribbed mussel filtration services. Seasonal-spring, summer, and fall- water clearance and particle filtration rates were quantified for ribbed mussels collected from three habitats- low marsh along main tidal channels; low marsh along intra-marsh creek networks; and from the high marsh- and replicated in four representative marshes- three in New Jersey and one in Rhode Island, USA, normalized by mussel dry tissue biomass. Clearance rates varied with seasonal temperatures, but exhibited low spatial variability among habitats and marshes, highlighting the importance of understanding the temporal physiological variability when calculating annual rates. In contrast, filtration rates were highly variable, driven largely by spatial variation in seston availability. Annual bulk filtration services provided by ribbed mussels are therefore largely driven by both temporal variability in water processing and spatial variations in food availability, and can therefore be predicted by integrating seasonal clearance rates and site-specific seston composition.
Conformational control through co-operative nonconventional C-H...N hydrogen bonds.

We report the design, synthesis, and crystal structure of a conjugated aryl­ene­ethynyl mol­ecule, 2-(2-{4,5-dimeth­oxy-2-[2-(2,3,4-tri­fluoro­phen­yl)ethyn­yl]phen­yl}ethyn­yl)-6-[2-(pyri­din-2-yl)ethyn­yl]pyri­dine, C30H17F3N2O2, that adopts a planar rhombus conformation in the solid state. The mol­ecule crystallizes in the space group P\overline{1}, with Z = 2, and features two intra­molecular sp2-C—H⋯N hydro­gen bonds that co-operatively hold the aryl­ethynyl mol­ecule in a rhombus conformation. The H atoms are activated towards hydro­gen bonding since they are situated on a tri­fluoro­phenyl ring and the H⋯N distances are 2.470 (16) and 2.646 (16) A, with C—H⋯N angles of 161.7 (2) and 164.7 (2)°, respectively. Mol­ecular electrostatic potential calculations support the formation of C—H⋯N hydro­gen bonds to the tri­fluoro­phenyl moiety. Hirshfeld surface analysis identifies a self-com­plementary C—H⋯O dimeric inter­action between adjacent 1,2-di­meth­oxy­ben­zene segments that is shown to be common in structures containing that moiety.
Design of a Delay-Based FPGA PUF Resistant to Machine Learning Attacks

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are used to extract unique signatures from silicon-based chips which can be used for chip authentication and producing unclonable cryptographic keys. However, researchers have found that PUFs are vulnerable to various machine learning modeling attacks. In this work, we introduce a unique hybrid PUF structure that uses Challenge-Response Pairs (CRPs) from an Arbiter PUF and feeds them to an XOR-Inverter based Ring Oscillator to generate responses which makes the PUF less vulnerable to machine learning modeling attacks. From the results, it is found that the prediction accuracy when different machine learning classifier algorithms are employed to attack the PUF, is drastically reduced and lies in the range of 3.5% to 6.8%, whereas the ANN-based model accuracy obtained is in the range of 5.4% to 7.5%. Our study indicates that the new design’s vulnerability in terms of prediction accuracy against different machine learning modeling attacks is less by 51.6% for ML and 54.1% for ANN compared to other delay-based PUF designs.
Diagnostic Studies in Diabetes Mellitus

The diagnostic studies in diabetes mellitus fall under three major categories: tests performed for diagnostic purposes, tests aimed at evaluating adequacy of glycemic control, and studies for evaluating the complications of the disease.
Abstract 18729: Comparative Analysis of the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Within a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Background: Mechanical support to aid in restoration of circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is increasingly common in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). We sought to both identify and quantify factors predicting the implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support CPR (eCPR). Methods and Results: Events associated with CPR from July 2010 through December 2013 within our pediatric CICU were retrospectively reviewed. Of 135 arrests among 88 patients, 84% were among postsurgical patients and 98% (n=133) resulted in a return of circulation, either spontaneous (n=100, 74%) or with the assistance of mechanical support (n=33, 24%). Median age at arrest was 106 days (interquartile range [IQR] 26-207 days) and weight was 3.9 kg (IQR 3.0-6.0 kg). Median length of stay (LOS) at the time of arrest was 5 days (IQR 1-49 days). Common primary causes included low cardiac output (38%), respiratory failure (33%), and arrhythmia (15%). Univariate predictors of an eCPR arrest...