cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some fads never die—they only hide behind other names: Facilitated Communication is not and never will be Augmentative and Alternative Communication

AbstractParents of nonspeaking children with autism are vulnerable to treatments that promise them a whole, normal child hidden within the nonspeaking child. Facilitated communication (FC) and the rapid prompting method (RPM) have, despite being debunked, flourished in the last decade, due to the ability of the internet to connect parents with individuals who are being facilitated and display eloquent, even advanced communication skills. In order for the medical, psychological, and education fields to effectively combat the rise in FC and RPM, a revolution in the way parents are informed and educated is essential. Parents need training in proven methods and in how to spot fad treatments that offer no evidence of efficacy. To that end it would be helpful to hear from parents who once bought into the debunked treatment, as well as from professionals.
Fishery management in New York bight: Experience under the magnuson act

Abstract The U.S. Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (the Magnuson Act) is described briefly and its application in the Middle Atlantic Bight is discussed. There are essentially two elements in the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic Bight area (New York and New Jersey), the finfish/squid fishery and the shellfish fishery. Catch per unit of effort has clearly declined in the finfish/squid fishery, although value per unit of effort (adjusted by CPI) has not. However, although shellfish catches exclusive of squids have increased substantially since the Act came into effect, their adjusted value in cents kg−1 has dropped about 50%. Overall, therefore, catch per unit of effort has probably declined in weight, and certainly in adjusted value. A measure of responsibility must be placed on fishermen themselves for rushing to invest in larger vessels and more efficient gear, anticipating that the Act would improve abundance immediately. The Federal Government also must bear responsibility for helping fishermen with its vessel subsidy program. The Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council also must bear responsibility for not recognizing from the beginning that limits should be placed on entry in some equitable way. This must include a fair and generally acceptable method of controlling recreational fisheries. If not, the consumer will lose because he may then no longer have an assured supply of fishery resources at reasonable prices.
Aircraft measurements of boundary-layer turbulence over the central Equatorial Pacific Ocean

We analyze gust probe measurements obtained in the convective boundary layer over the central equatorial Pacific as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) program. From the lowest level flights, the bulk transfer coefficients are found to be 1.1 × 10-3 and 1.4 × 10-3 for latent and sensible heat fluxes, respectively. Vertical profiles of water vapor density, potential temperature and wind velocity are obtained as are the profiles of the fluxes of latent and sensible heat and momentum. From the extrapolated profiles, we obtain surface fluxes of 120 W m-2 and 13 W m-2 for latent and sensible heat, respectively, and 0.11 N m-2 for momentum. The 10 m drag coefficient is 1.5 × 10-3. Two convergence boxes, north and south of the ITCZ, are analyzed. Enhanced convergence is found in the northern trades relative to the southern trades. The advective acceleration is found to be comparable in magnitude to the other terms in the horizontal equations of motion.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Atrial Flutter: A Case Report

Fetal atrial flutter (AF) occurs in less than 1% of all pregnancies. It seems to have a poor prognosis, due in part to its association with structural heart disease and with development of hydrops fetalis. Early prenatal detection and treatment are essential to improve the outcome. We present a case of fetal AF coexistent with 2:1 atrioventricular block treated with intrauterine digoxin and quinidine. Under the impression of impending heart failure, a male infant who was small for gestational age was delivered by cesarean section. The infantile heart was restored to a sinus rhythm after a single electrocardioversion and a short period of digitalization. He did not need anti-arrhythmic medication. He has demonstrated normal development up to the time of writing (2 years old). The prenatal cardioechographic findings, modality of treatment, and outcome are discussed.
Enteric eradication of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with oral bacitracin

Abstract The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) has produced a therapeutic dilemma. The colonization of the intestinal tract with VREF may predispose patients to infections by this organism and may contribute to its nosocomial spread. It is reasonable to attempt to eradicate VREF from colonized patients. The optimal regimen, however, is unknown and this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of oral regimens of vancomycin and bacitracin for the elimination of VREF from the enteric tract. Enterococcal isolates were tested for susceptibilities to vancomycin, bacitracin, and ampicillin with median minimum inhibitory concentrations of >512 μ g/ml, 10 units/ml, and 128 μg/ml, respectively. All patients were given an initial trial of oral vancomycin 125 mg every 6 h for 10 days. Those who failed oral vancomycin were then given oral bacitracin 25,000 units every 6 h for 10 days due to its favorable in vitro activity. VREF was eradicated from the stools of 42% of patients (eight of 19) receiving oral vancomycin as compared with all eight patients receiving oral bacitracin ( P
Time-resolved fluorescence monitoring of aromatic radicals in photoinitiated processes.

Photolytic initiation of free radical reactions is important to many areas of technology; time-resolved monitoring of submicromolar concentrations of radicals produced during the course of these reactions is needed to provide information about the rate of initiation and its competition with radical recombination. In this work, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence is evaluated for monitoring of diphenylketyl radicals produced by photoreduction of the triplet state of benzophenone. Fluorescence from the doublet−doublet transition of the radical is excited with a continuous wave laser and provides a sensitive method to detect these intermediates at nanomolar concentrations and to study their kinetics in solution on time scales from a few microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. The ketyl radical fluorescence measurements of radical initiation reactions allowed the H atom abstraction rate constant by triplet benzophenone from both 2-propanol and benzhydrol to be determined, where kH = (2.1 ± 0.1) × 106 M...
Eicosanoids and other hydroxylated fatty acids from the marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis

Abstract The fatty acid constituents of the red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis have been investigated and their chemical structures determined by various spectroscopic methods. Three novel compounds were isolated as synthetic peracetate, methyl esters from the derivatized crude extract [methyl 10( S *)-acetoxy-6( Z ),8( E ),12( Z ),15( Z )-octadecatetraenoate, methyl 12-acetoxy-5( Z ),8( E ),10( E )-dodecatrienoate, and methyl 12( R *),13( S *)-diacetoxy-18-keto-5( Z ),8( Z ),10( E ),14( Z ),16( E )-eicosapentaenoate]. Seven known hydroxy fatty acids were also isolated as synthetic derivatives [methyl 12( S *)-acetoxy-5( Z ),8( Z ),10( E ),14( Z )-eicosatetraenoate, methyl 12( S )-acetoxy-5( Z ),8( Z ),10( E ),14( Z ), 17( Z )-eicosapentaenoate, methyl 12( R *),13( S *)-diacetoxy-5( Z ),8( Z ),10( E ),14( Z )-eicosatetraenoate, methyl 12( R ), 13( S )-diacetoxy-5( Z ),8( Z ),10( E ),14( Z ),17( Z )-eicosapentaenoate, methyl 13( S *)-acetoxy-9( Z ),11( E )-octadecadienoate, methyl 13-keto-9( Z ),11( E )-octadecadienoate, methyl 13( S *)-acetoxy-9( Z ),11( E ),15( Z )-octadecatrienoate]. The occurrence of these different eicosanoids in G. lemaneiformis suggests that this red alga may contain several oxidative enzymes which differ in their positional specificity.
Adolescents and nuclear arms issues

Abstract Concerned about adolescents' reaction to the ever present nuclear threat, we surveyed 10,720 high school students in New Jersey, U.S.A. Half felt anxious about an accidental war and expected a major nuclear blast. One-quarter expected a nuclear war involving the United States, and one-fifth expected to die in a nuclear blast. Most expected the United States to be destroyed if a major nuclear war occured, did not believe that long term survival after the initial exchanges is possible, or that civil defense preparations can be effective. Responses were similar across economic background, time period and type of high school.
Cancer of Unknown Primary Site

Cancer of unknown primary site was once viewed almost as a separate type of cancer, with the assumption that, regardless of the site of origin, the tumors in unknown primary cancers shared biologic properties, perhaps including rapid progression and dissemination, which contributed to their presentation. This view drove the conduct of phase 2 empirical trials over the past three decades, with the goal of developing standard chemotherapy regimens that would be effective in all patients with unknown primary cancer. The underlying assumption was that varia- tions in presentation would not have a substantial effect on therapeutic approaches or survival. Our view of unknown primary cancer has evolved as our understanding of cancer biology in general has matured to become much more personalized. Many people now believe that tumors in unknown primary cancer may retain the signa- ture of the putative primary origin and that extending the management of known cancers to subtypes of unknown primary cancer can contribute to advancements in therapies for this disease. Cancer of unknown primary site could even be seen as the epitome of personalized medicine, with individualized treatment driven by the mutational status of each patient. The biologic events that allow the primary site to remain obscure after the development of metastases have not yet been defined. Studies that have shown chromosomal abnormalities, microvessel density, aneuploidy, and overexpression of several genes suggest that these abnormalities are not unique to unknown pri- mary cancer. 7-11 With the use of the Sequenom MassARRAY platform, a study involving consecutive patients with unknown primary cancer showed a low rate of mutations (in 18% of patients). 12 No new, low-frequency mutations were found with the use of a panel of mutations involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Counselors' Perceptions of Ethical Behaviors

A random sample of American Counseling Association members was asked to respond to a 77-item survey of counselor behaviors and identify whether each behavior was ethical or unethical. Results are categorized by behaviors in which 90% of counselors agreed, 75% to 90% agreed, and 25% to 50% disagreed. Also, changes in ethics education were reviewed and chi-square statistics were examined for differences based on demographics: gender, age, specialty area and position held, ethnicity, and degree.
Concomitant Increases in the Levels of Choline and Free Fatty Acids in Rat Brain: Evidence Supporting the Seizure‐Induced Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the excitotoxic cholinesterase inhibitor soman increases the catabolism of phospholipids in rat brain. Injections of soman (70 micrograms/kg, s.c.), at a dose that produced toxic effects, increased the levels of both free fatty acids (175-250% of control) and free choline (250% of control) in rat cerebrum 1 h after administration. All fatty acids contained in brain phosphatidylcholine were elevated significantly including palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), arachidonic (20:4), and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. The changes observed were consistent with those reported to occur following ischemia and the administration of other convulsants. Pretreatment of rats with the anticonvulsant diazepam (4 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented both the signs of soman toxicity and the soman-induced increase of choline and free fatty acids. Diazepam alone did not affect the levels of choline or free fatty acids, cholinesterase activity, or soman-induced cholinesterase inhibition, suggesting that soman toxicity involves a convulsant-mediated increase in phosphatidylcholine catabolism. In addition, administration of the convulsant bicuculline, at a dose that produces seizures and increases the levels of free fatty acids in brain, significantly increased the levels of choline. Results suggest that excitotoxic events enhance the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in brain as evidenced by a concomitant increase in the levels of choline and free fatty acids.
Fine structure of zinnia leaf tissues infected with dahlia mosaic virus

Abstract Light microscopic studies of zinnia leaf tissues infected with dahlia mosaic virus (DMV) revealed spherical, refractile inclusions within the cells. In cytochemical studies, the inclusions stained intensely for proteins (fast green) and weakly for RNA (azure B), possibly in association with the peripheral ribosomes; tests for DNA (Feulgen) were negative. From electron microscopic observations, these inclusions consisted of a finely granular matrix with electron transparent areas of varying size. The inclusions were not membrane bound; however, ribosomes were always located at the periphery. The diameter of the inclusions varied from 0.2 to 10 μ. Spherical particles, 400–450 A in diameter, which commonly appeared ring-like in profile occurred within the dense granular matrix and electron transparent areas of the inclusion. Occasionally, free particles were also observed within the cytoplasm, plasmodesmata, sieve tubes, and tracheary elements. On the basis of pathological, cytological, and morphological criteria, the particles are considered as dahlia mosaic virions. Numerous Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) and thick-walled microvesicles (100–200 mμ) were observed in close proximity to the inclusions. The topological association of the DMV-induced inclusions with the Golgi complex suggests that the latter is involved in their formation.
Theories of Attachment: The Long and Winding Road to an Integrative Developmental Science

Although traditional accounts of attachment theory attempted to partition the organism's attachment and separation responses into those that were instinctive and those that were the result of the developmental environment, recent findings from epigenetics are indicating that no such partitioning is possible, even in principle. Rather than assuming the expression of a given behavioral trait is based on some set of instincts (as Bowlby and many of his colleagues did for attachment and separation responses), behavioral development is now seen as a self-organizing, probabilistic process in which pattern and order emerge and change as a result of ongoing co-actions among developmentally relevant components both internal (e.g., genes, hormones, neural networks) and external (e.g., temperature, diet, social interaction) to the organism. Exploring the specific prenatal and postnatal features of the mother-infant interaction system is providing a new appreciation of the complexity of the origins and maintenance of early attachment and its long-term consequences.
Frozen Section versus Gross Examination for Bone Marrow Margin Assessment During Sarcoma Resection

Background Complete resection is critical for local control of primary bone sarcomas. Intraoperative consultation, including frozen section of bone marrow margins, frequently is used to aid in this goal.
Body mass index as an indicator of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric Down syndrome.

Abstract Objective Our objective was to determine if higher body mass index (BMI) increases the likelihood of, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pediatric Down syndrome (DS) patients. Methods We performed a, retrospective chart review of 63 DS patients evaluated by overnight polysomnography from December 1995 to February 2005. Patients aged less than 2 years were excluded. Remaining patients were grouped, according to presence (n = 19) or absence (n = 33) of OSA based on apnea hypopnea index (AHI). OSA, and non-OSA DS groups were age matched while blinded to patient attributes other than age and OSA, status. Patients without appropriate age matches were excluded. We recorded various patient information, including age, sex, height, weight, number of apneas, number of hypopneas, respiratory distress index (RDI), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation during sleep, mean oxygen saturation, number of arousals per hour, and mean time spent in REM sleep. We calculated BMI using the, standard kg/m2 formula and converted this into a Z-score. Results Fifty-two DS patients were analyzed with average age of 9.3 ± 4.5 years (10.2 ± 4.2 in 33 OSA patients, 7.8 ± 4.3 in 19 non-OSA patients). There were 28 males and 24 females. The OSA group mean BMI Z-score was 2.09 ± 0.94, and the non-OSA group Z-score was 1.4 ± 1.40. The Z-scores for BMI were statistically significant between OSA and non-OSA patients with p = 0.03 by t-test. Conclusions When age and sex adjusted, BMI has a statistically significant association with the presence of OSA in Down syndrome patients. The incidence of OSA also increases with increasing age in this population.
Design and performance of an integrated waveform-agile multi-modal track-before-detect sensing system

We investigate the design and performance of an integrated waveform-agile (WAS) multi-modal track-before-detect (TBD) sensing system using an experimental platform. The system jointly operates on radio frequency and electro-optical sensors, and it uses a particle filtering based recursive TBD algorithm for target tracking under low signal-to-noise environments. An adaptive waveform configuration scheme in integrated with the TBD in order to increase tracking performance and algorithm robustness. As simultaneous measurements statistically dependent, the exponential embedded family estimation method to approximate the unknown measurement noise distribution. We designed an experimental platform and used experimental data to evaluate the performance of the WAS-TBD system performance.
Pre‐Exposure Effects on Cognitive Decoding

This is a report of an experimental investigation of the effects of preexposure training differences on decoding set, and the subsequent effect of set in a problem-solving situation. I t was hypothesized that the set effects would influence intra-personal communication behavior differently among males and females as well as among the treatment groups. The hypothesized interaction effect was confirmed for females, but significant differences were found among males in the direction opposite the predicted one. Discussion of the findings is centered on this unexpected facilitation effect found for males. Several explanations are offered and discussed.
Hemispheric efficiency in middle and later adulthood.

Summary Right and left hemisphere efficiency, as measured by dichotic memory for numbers, was assessed in a sample of older adults in Experiment I. Right hemisphere efficiency dropped off sharply with age, while left hemisphere efficiency did not show a significant decline. A second group of subjects was tested on a musical note recognition task in Experiment II. Regression analyses revealed significant age decrements in performance, regardless of ear/hemisphere involved. The writers suggest that the reported decline with age in spatial ability may result from an age related decline in right hemispheric functioning, even on tasks that are right hemisphere dominant. The lack of decline reported for verbal ability may be a consequence of the lack of decline in left hemisphere efficiency with regard to left hemisphere dominant tasks.
Metabolic labeling: Taking advantage of bacterial pathways to prepare spectroscopically useful isotope patterns in proteins and nucleic acids

Uniform labeling with the stable isotopes 15N, 13C, and/or 2H is a central enabling technology for NMR studies of proteins and nucleic acids. As the field advances into structural studies of larger systems and a more detailed characterization of molecular dynamics; however, there is an increasing need for schemes that specifically introduce labels at selected molecular sites only. For many purposes, knowledge of bacterial biosynthetic pathways allows procedures to be developed that produce desired labeling patterns directly in the expression culture, rather than via laborious chemical synthesis. In this work, we review the principles and applications of such “metabolic labeling” schemes. After an overview of key metabolic and biosynthetic processes in E. coli, we discuss pioneering applications of metabolic labeling and conclude with a detailed description of the two most prominent current uses of such techniques: The introduction of hydrogen or carbon isotopes specifically at side-chain methyl groups of proteins and the removal of one-bond 13C-13C dipolar couplings for spin relaxation or solid-state structural studies via alternate-site labeling schemes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 34–55, 2008.
Radiation belts of Jupiter

Pioneer 10 counted relativistic electrons throughout the magnetosphere of Jupiter, with the greatest fluxes being inside 20 Jupiter radii. The peak flux of electrons with energy greater than 50 MeV was 13 million per square centimeter per second at the innermost penetration of the radiation belts.
Neural pathways of reflex-evoked behaviors and command systems in the abdomen of the crayfish

1. The lifting of a crayfish (Procambarus)clarkii) from the substrate results in reflexive abdominal extension often accompanied by metachronous swimmeret beating. Cinematographic analyses show that the maintained, maximally extended abdominal position is stereotypic from trial to trial for each animal. 2. Complete transections at various levels of the abdominal nerve cord abolish the reflex-evoked extension and swimmeret behavior in all ganglia caudal to the lesion (Figs. 1, 2). Therefore, some essential portion of the pathways mediating these reflexive behaviors originates rostral to the abdomen and projects caudally. 3. Transection of any one of the paired abdominal connectives (i.e., hemiconnectives), or transection of up to 4 unilateral hemiconnectives has no effect on the reflex-evoked behaviors. 4. Transection of two hemiconnectives, done on opposite sides in adjacent abdominal segments, eliminates reflexive behavior in all ganglia caudal to the more posterior cut (Fig. 3). Hence, there is no evidence that the extension drive in one hemiconnective can cross within abdominal ganglia and travel in the opposite hemiconnective. 5. Similar transections of hemiconnectives in adjacent segments reveal that the swimmeret drive can cross ganglion 2 and course in the opposite hemiconnective (Fig. 3). No such ability was evident in ganglion 4 (Fig. 3). 6. Chronic recordings from postural motoneurons were also made during reflex-evoked behaviors (Figs. 4, 5). Compared to the intact animal, ligation of either hemiconnective in the segment anterior to the recorded ganglionic root reduces by approximately 50% the activity level of the extension motor program, even though the degree of movement remains the same (Figs. 4, 5). 7. A map of abdominal extension-evoking interneurons was made in cross-section of a thoraco-abdominal hemiconnective. Over 83% of these interneurons were found to occupy six loci (Fig. 6). 8. At least three of the locus-specific units have uninterrupted axonal projections through the abdominal cord (Figs. 7, 8). 9. No excitatory interactions between nonhomologous interneurons on one side of the nervous system or between bilateral homologous units were evident (Figs. 8, 9). 10. These characteristics of extension-evoking interneurons correspond closely to those of reflex-evoked extension drives, suggesting that their activity underlies reflexive abdominal extension behavior.
Comparison of the pressure dependencies of the visible and infrared electronic absorption spectra of oxygen in gas and in freon solution

Abstract The pressure dependence of the visible and infrared absorptions of oxygen in the gas phase and in solution in freon 113 have been measured. Separate intensity enhancements due to oxygen and solvent perturbation have been distinguished.
Lithium chloride and delta-9-THC lead to conditioned aversions in the pigeon.

Conditioned aversive effects of Δ 9-tetrahy-drocannabinol (THC) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were demonstrated in pigeons. Pigeons injected with 0.15 M LiCl showed a reduction in preference for red water compared to pigeons injected with NaCl (P<0.001). Pigeons injected with saline or vehicle showed the same preference for red water while the pigeons injected with 2.0 mg/kg of THC showed a decreased preference (P<0.05).
Thermodynamics of trapped fermions in gravitational field

Abstract Trapped non-interacting Fermi gas in an external gravitational field in Newtonian approximation is considered. Analytical equations for the internal energy, the number of particles are computed. The analytical expression for the specific heat of trapped Fermi gas in non-homogeneous gravitational field is found.
Variable-range hopping of spin polarons: Magnetoresistance in a modified Mott regime

We analize electrical conductivity controlled by hopping of bound spin polarons in disordered solids with wide distributions of electron energies and polaron shifts (barriers). By means of percolation theory and Monte Carlo simulations we have shown that in such materials at low temperatures, when hopping occurs in the vicinity of the Fermi level, a hard polaron gap does not manifest itself in the transport properties. This happens because as temperature decreases the hopping polaron trades the decreasing electron and polaron barriers for increasing hopping distance. As a result, in the absence of the Coulomb correlation effects, in this variable-range variable-barrier hopping regime, the electrical resistivity, $\ensuremath{\rho},$ as a function of temperature, T, obeys a nonactivation law: $\mathrm{ln}(\ensuremath{\rho}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0})=(\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{T}{/T)}^{p}$ with $p=2/(d+2),$ where d is the dimensionality of the system. It differs from the standard Mott law for which $p=1/(d+1).$ Also, we studied the effects of upper and lower boundaries in the polaron shift distribution on hopping conduction, which may result in a partial reentrance of the hard polaron gap. We discuss possible applications to the problem of giant negative magnetoresistance in dilute magnetic semiconductors and nanocomposites where for paramanetic materials $p=3/(d+2).$
OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF ELBW INFANTS: PERCEPTIONS OF INFANT VIABILITY AND PARENTAL COUNSELING PRACTICE. |[bull]| 162

Obstetricians (OBs) frequently counsel parents antenatally regarding pregnancy outcomes. We surveyed their perceptions of the limits of viability for ELBW infants and their current clinical and counseling practices. We obtained 163 responses from 411 practicing OBs in California. Most respondents were Caucasian (63%), male (58%), in private practice (55%) at a Level III hospital (66%). Their mean age was 45 ± 1 yrs (SEM), with a mean of 13± 1 yrs of practice. Resuscitation is discussed antenatally with parents by 48% of OBs at 22 wks, and by 82% at 26 wks. Almost 40% of OBs do not discuss resuscitation at 22 wks; this decreases to 5% by 25 wks. At 22 wks, OBs are evenly divided (40 vs 41%) whether they consult with pediatrics when counseling parents. By 25 wks, 80% of OBs consult with pediatrics. In counseling parents of 90%. In considering whether to resuscitate infants between 23-26 wks, OBs feel future quality of life (44%) and severe congenital anomalies (80%) are important. Factors less frequently used in decision-making are: perceived health resource allocations and costs(27%), family resources (26%), parental ethnicity (16%), and insurance status(18%). There are important variations in family counseling practices and in the role physicians allow parents in decision-making regarding ELBW resuscitation.
Rare gas molecular ions: Formation of XeF+ by ion-molecule reactions in Xe and NF3 and evidence for radiative deactivation of Xe+ (2P12)

Abstract The formation of the XeF+ ion by ion-molecule reaction has been observed in an ionized mixture of Xe and NF3 by ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The excited 2P 1 2 state of the xenon ion has unambiguously been identified as the major precursor by photoionization mass spectrometry. The NF+3 ion makes an additional minor contribution. Evidence suggests that the excited 2P 1 2 xenon ion radiatively decays to the 2P 3 2 ground state on the time scale of the experiment. The transition probability deduced for this dipole forbidden emission, 18 ± 4 s−1, is in good agreement with the theoretical value of 21 s−1 for the sum of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transition rates.
Coupled oxidation of NADPH with thiols at neutral pH

Abstract NADPH and NADH are rapidly oxidized in neutral imidazole chloride buffer at 30 °C in the presence of mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. The product of the NADPH reaction has been determined to be enzymically active NADP+. Oxidation of the pyridine nucleotides is coupled to the autooxidation of the thiol and is inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, stimulated by metal ions (FeSO4), and requires oxygen. The rapid oxidation of thiols and NADPH at neutral pH was found to occur only in imidazole and, to a lesser extent, in histidine buffer. Under the conditions employed, 300 μ m dithiothreitol and 30 μ m NADPH are oxidized in 30 min. Both NADPH and thiol oxidations are inhibited by catalase, whereas superoxide dismutase only inhibits the oxidation of NADPH. NADPH oxidation is also inhibited by the hydroxyl radical scavengers formate, mannitol, or benzoate. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which imidazole promotes the metal-catalyzed oxidation of thiols at neutral pH. The superoxide radical generated either by the thiol oxidation or directly oxidizes NADPH or forms hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which can oxidize NADPH. Hydrogen peroxide is also involved in the autooxidation of the thiol.
Fragmentation of Collisionally Activated 2-, 4- and 5-Methyl-3-hydroxyphenoxide Anions in the Gas Phase

Low-energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of O-deprotonated 2-, 4- and 5-methylresorcinol in the gas phase largely causes fragmentation to form ions analogous to those observed in the CAD spectrum of resorcinol. The anions of the three isomers decompose in processes initiated by the migration of the remaining oxygen-bound hydrogen atom to the adjacent ring carbons. 5-Methylresorcinol also decomposes by the expulsion of the elements of ketene. The mechanisms of these fragmentation processes were studied by the use of both NH 3 and D 2 O as deprotonation agents, deuterium labeling of ring carbon atoms and the study of the decomposition pattern of 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrone.
Perceived Barriers to and Supports of the Attainment of Career and Family Goals Among Academically Talented Individuals.

Perceived barriers to and supports of the attainment of career and family goals were examined. Participants were adults taking part in a longitudinal study of academically talented students. Qualitative data yielded information regarding participants’ goals as well as perceived barriers to and supports of goal attainment. Quantitative data were used to test 2 path models. The 1st path analysis provided information on relationships among perceived barriers to career goal attainment, coping efficacy, social support, and career goal outcome expectations; the 2nd path analysis tested relationships among perceived barriers to family goal attainment, coping efficacy, social support, and family goal outcome expectations. Results indicated adequate fit for the 1st model and mixed results for the 2nd. Implications for counselors and directions for future research were discussed.
Whiteness Studies and the Multicultural Literature Classroom

When I began some years ago to maintain a Whiteness Studies web site, the "Select Bibliography" was rather short and easy to update. Now I feel overwhelmed, as books and articles come pouring in from across the disciplines. Thinking naively that the scholarly consensus was pervasive, Professor Krista Ratcliffe and I actually submitted a proposal to the National Endowment for the Humanities to conduct a summer institute on Whiteness Studies, encouraged by a standing-room-only response to our session (with Sandra Jones) at a convention of the National Council of Teachers of English. But the NEH, which had invited us to apply, now told us that whiteness was a "passing fad." If only it were so, and if only the field were unnecessary. Yet its emergence and extension testify to the real intellectual, political, and pedagogical problems its practitioners address. This essay will not attempt an overview of the field, which is now impossible, but concentrate rather on an effort to incorporate Whiteness Studies into the multicultural literature classroom. What motivates such an intervention? What
Comparison of Soy and Fish Oils in Practical Diets for Fingerling Walleyes

Abstract A 63-d feeding trial was conducted to compare growth and other performance variables of feed-trained juvenile walleyes Sander vitreus fed an open-formula diet containing 10% soy oil (SO) as a replacement for 11.75% Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus oil that is used in the commercially manufactured walleye grower diet (WG). The SO diet was formulated to be identical to the WG formulation except for the oil. The feeds contained 46% crude protein and similar gross energy (SO: 1,121 J/g; WG: 1,192 J/g). Fish were stocked (209 fish; 5.1 g/L) into triplicate 1,000-L tanks. Fish were fed 7% body weight/d during a 16-h light period with in-tank lighting. Juvenile walleyes were 157 d old, 124 ± 1.0 mm in total length (mean ± SE), and 24.4 ± 0.71 g at the start of the trial. Differences between treatment in relative growth, specific growth rate, survival, final mean length, and mean weight between treatments were not statistically significant. Although derived from a short-term trial, the findings sugg...
Treatment responsiveness of the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire in erectile dysfunction.

Abstract Objectives To determine the treatment responsiveness of the disease-specific Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire in erectile dysfunction. Methods The SEAR questionnaire was administered at baseline and at the end of the study in 93 patients with erectile dysfunction enrolled in a 10-week, open-label, flexible-dose (50-mg sildenafil, adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg) trial. Changes from the baseline score were analyzed using the paired t test. The correlation between the changes from baseline on the SEAR questionnaire and the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function was examined. Results Significant and meaningful differences ( P = 0.0001) from baseline were observed in the two primary domains (Sexual Relationship and Confidence) and the two Confidence domain subscales (Self-Esteem and Overall Relationship). The magnitude of the change was quite high for most aspects (Sexual Relationship, effect size [ES] = 1.6; Confidence, ES=1.0; Self-Esteem, ES=1.1) and moderate for one (Overall Relationship, ES=0.6). Changes in Erectile Function domain score correlated moderately with changes in the SEAR domain and subscale scores (Sexual Relationship, r = 0.69; Confidence, r = 0.48; Self-Esteem, r = 0.47; and Overall Relationship, r = 0.35; P ≤0.001). Conclusions The SEAR questionnaire is responsive to effective treatment of erectile dysfunction. These data suggest that the SEAR questionnaire is a valid instrument for detecting psychosocial gains from beneficial intervention.
THE SECOND VLBA CALIBRATOR SURVEY: VCS2

This paper presents an extension of the Very Long Baseline Array Calibrator Survey, called VCS2, containing 276 sources. This survey fills in regions of the sky that were not completely covered by the previous VCS1 calibrator survey. The VCS2 survey includes calibrator sources near the Galactic plane, -30° < δ < -45°, and VLA calibrators. The positions have been derived from astrometric analysis of the group delays measured at 2.3 and 8.4 GHz using the Goddard Space Flight Center CALC/SOLVE package. From the VLBA snapshot observations, images of the calibrators are available, and each source is given a quality code for anticipated use. The VCS2 catalog is available from the NRAO Web site.
Fe-substituted SrTiO3−δ–Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 composite anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

A new composite solid oxide fuel cell anode material, SrTi1−xFexO3−δ mixed with Gd-doped ceria, was tested in La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ electrolyte-supported cells with La0.4Ce0.6O2 barrier layers and La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3 cathodes. The x = 0.7 composition had an anode polarization resistance of 0.17 Ω cm2, at 800 °C in humidified H2, much lower than the value 0.39 Ω cm2 measured for x = 0.4 and 3.14 Ω cm2 for x = 0. The reduced polarization resistance correlated with increased oxygen non-stoichiometry δ, which suggests that it may be related to increased ionic conductivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at 800 °C on the x = 0.7 anode cell showed a main response centered at ∼1 Hz that increased with decreasing hydrogen partial pressure. The maximum power density observed was for the x = 0.7 cell – 337 mW cm−2 at 800 °C in air and humidified hydrogen – and was limited mainly by the thick electrolyte.
BARX2 and estrogen receptor- α (ESR1) coordinately regulate the production of alternatively spliced ESR1 isoforms and control breast cancer cell growth and invasion

The estrogen receptor-α gene (ESR1) was previously identified as a direct target of the homeobox transcription factor BARX2 in MCF7 cells. Here, we show that BARX2 and ESR1 proteins bind to different ESR1 gene promoters and regulate the expression of alternatively spliced mRNAs that encode 66 and 46 kDa ESR1 protein isoforms. BARX2 increases the expression of both ESR1 isoforms; however, it has a greater effect on the 46 kDa isoform, leading to an increased ratio between the 46 and 66 kDa proteins. BARX2 also influences estrogen-dependent processes such as anchorage-independent growth and modulates the expression of the estrogen-responsive genes SOX5, RBM15, Dynein and Mortalin. In addition, BARX2 expression promotes cellular invasion and increases the expression of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). BARX2 also increases the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes, TIMP1 and TIMP3, in cooperation with estrogen signaling. Overall, these data indicate that BARX2 and ESR1 may coordinately regulate cell growth, survival and invasion pathways that are critical to breast cancer progression.
Digital multicarrier spread spectrum for resistance against jamming and multipath

All-digital single-user Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum (MC-SS) transceivers are studied in this paper and compared with Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DS-SS) systems under different scenarios. Closed-form bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived for sub-optimum matched filter and optimum minimum mean-square error reception in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Narrow-Band Interference (NBI). Although digital MC-SS turns out to outperform DS-SS, the difference is not as pronounced as in their analog counterparts. Closed-form BER expressions are also obtained for MC-SS and DS-SS transmissions propagating through frequency-selective multipath fading channels, and optimality is established for MC-SS when the channel taps are independent identically distributed (i.i.d.). But when the channel taps are non-i.i.d., MC-SS is shown to exhibit near-optimal behavior at high SNR and to outperform DS-SS even though their difference diminishes as the spreading factor increases and proper spreading codes are chosen for DS-SS. Finally, BER performance is carried out for MC-SS and DS-SS in the joint presence of multipath fading and NBI. Simulated BER evaluation illustrates the advantages of MC-SS over DS-SS in the presence of multipath and corroborates its robustness against AWGN and NBI.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Prosthetic valve infective endocarditis.

T HE clinical pattern of infective endocarditis is undergoing constant changes.’ Many patients who would have died as a result of cardiac valvular infection have now survived because of antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, hemodynamic impairment due to valvular dysfunction secondary to infective endocarditis is now amendable to surgical therapy. Prosthetic valve insertion is also performed on patients with congenital, rheumatic, arteriosclerotic, and degenerative valvular diseases. Since this type of surgery is widely available in community hospitals there are large numbers of people with cardiac prostheses, some of which may be infected. In this article, the unique features of this disease will be reviewed and discussed.
Blake's Milton The Metaphysics of Gender

(1995). Blake's Milton The Metaphysics of Gender. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 19, Gendering Romanticisms, pp. 151-178.
Correlation of MRI and arthroscopic diagnosis of knee pathology in children and adolescents

The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing knee pathology in the pediatric and adolescent population is not well established. The purpose of this study was to correlate the findings of MRI and knee arthroscopy in children and adolescents. One hundred and eight consecutive knee arthroscopies performed in patients ages 4-17 years between 1992 and 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-three of these patients underwent preoperative MRI. Age-related comparisons were then made between MRIs and observed intraoperative meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament pathology. The pediatric group (ages 4-14 years) was demonstrated to have an appreciable decrease in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy for essentially all categories of pathologic changes. Conversely, negative predictive values for the pediatric group exceeded those of the adolescent group (ages 15-17 years) in each category. The ability of MRI to predict intraarticular knee pathology among adolescents is comparable to that in adults, whereas it is much less accurate in the pediatric population.
A reanalysis for the seasonal and longer‐period cycles and the trends in middle‐atmosphere temperature from the Halogen Occultation Experiment

[1] Remsberg and Deaver (2005) reported on multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses of time series of middle-atmosphere temperature versus pressure (or T(p)) profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for its seasonal and longer-period cycles. Their results are extended herein to just over 14 years and updated to properly account for the effects of autocorrelation in their time series of zonally averaged data. The updated seasonal and annual average terms are provided, and they can be used to generate near-global, temperature distributions from 2 to 0.007 hPa that are representative of the period 1991–2005. Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO-like; 853-day) and subbiennial (640-day) terms are also resolved and provided, and they exhibit good consistency across the range of latitudes and pressure altitudes. Further, somewhat exploratory analyses of the residuals from each of the 208 time series yield significant 11-year solar cycle (or SC-like) and linear trend terms at a number of latitudes and levels. Where significant, those terms are included in the final MLR models. The amplitudes of the SC-like terms for the mesosphere agree reasonably with calculations of the direct solar radiative effects for T(p). Those SC-like amplitudes increase by about a factor of 2 from the lower to the upper mesosphere and are larger at the middle than at the low latitudes. The diagnosed T(p) cooling trends from HALOE for the low latitudes are in the range of −0.5 to −1.0 K/decade, which is in good agreement with the findings from models of the radiative effects on pressure surfaces due to known increases in atmospheric CO2. The diagnosed HALOE trends are somewhat larger than those predicted with models for middle latitudes of the upper mesosphere. Cooling trends also are found to be increasing from about −0.5 to −1.0 K/decade from 1 to 2 hPa of the upper stratosphere, also in reasonable agreement with modeled results.
The co-occurrence of substance use and high-risk behaviors

Study findings suggest that alcohol and methamphetamine use heighten the risk for violence, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Although the odds of engaging in risky behaviors increased dramatically with alcohol and methamphetamine use, the majority of subjects did not become involved in high risk behaviors even though they used alcohol and illicit drugs.
Carbohydrate appetite in rats: Taste and postingestive factors

Studies designed to elucidate the role of taste and postingestive factors in the rat's hyperphagic response to carbohydrate solutions are reviewed. Initial experiments revealed that polysaccharide solutions induce as much overeating as do sugar solutions, but that sugars and polysaccharides produce little or no overeating when presented in powder form. Although rats were found to be very attracted to the taste of polysaccharide solutions, as they are to sugar solutions, taste alone does not explain their overconsumption of these solutions. Several studies indicate that the postingestive actions of carbohydrates are also important determinants of carbohydrate appetite and intake. This is most clearly demonstrated by the conditioning of robust taste preferences using intragastric carbohydrate infusions.
Time Saving in Measurement of NMR and EPR Relaxation Times

By producing a train of absorption or dispersion signals (continuous‐wave magnetic resonance) or free induction decays (pulsed magnetic resonance) it is possible to save time in spin‐lattice relaxation measurements due to the fact that it is not necessary to wait for equilibrium magnetization before initiating the train. The relaxation time may be calculated from the train according to a simple rapidly converging iteration.
Diurnal cycles of evaporation using a two-layer hydrological model

The objective of this paper is to study the variation of evaporation in time and space. A two-layer model for solving energy and water balance is presented. The vertical soil column between the soil surface and the water table is divided into the root zone and the transmission zone. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) concept is used to introduce a spatially varied distribution of soil moisture in the root zone layer. The soil moisture is distributed uniformly in space in the transmission zone layer. The model is used to simulate the fluxes for the King's Creek catchment in Manhattan, Kansas for a period between June through October 1987 (for the four intensive field campaigns), during which the first ISLSCP (International Satelite Land Surface Climatology Project) field experiment (FIFE) was conducted. The model is calibrated using the observed data during the first intensive field campaign (IFC) and validated over the next three IFCS. The energy and water balance equations are solved to vield the time series of fluxes which are compared to their observed counterparts. The model predicted diurnal variation of the evaporative fluxes and the variation of the fluxes after rainfall events is compared with the observations. The model computed fluxes match fairly well with the observed fluxes.