cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radical Religion and Violence: Theory and Case Studies

Introduction Section I: Methodology and Theory 1. Interpreting the Interpretive Approach: A Friendly Reply to Thomas Robbins Section II: Firsts 1. Leaderless Resistance 2. Tommy Ryden: A National Socialist Life 3. Introduction, The Cultic Milieu : Oppositional Subcultures In An Age Of Globalization Section III: Case Studies 4. The Context of American Millenarian Revolutionary Theology: The Case of the 'Identity Christian' Church of Israel 5. Right Wing Violence in North America 6. Absolute Rescue: Absolutism, Defensive Action and the Resort to Force 7. America's Last Prophetic Witness: The Literature of the Rescue Movement 8. Islamophobia in America?: September 11 and Islamophobic Hate Crime 9. The Lord's Resistance Army: Millennialism, Violence and the Timeless Dream Section IV: New Directions 10. Post 9/11 Policy, Strategy and Military Reflections On the Impact of 'Malign Tribalism' and Future Threats," by Col. Christopher Costa 11. The Fifth Wave: The New Tribalism? 12. On Tribalism: Auxiliaries, Affiliates, and Aspirational Political Violence." Co-Written with Col. Christopher Costa
Effects of Various Vulcanization Methods on Power Frequency Breakdown Property of Water Treeing Retardant XLPE Power Cable

To investigate the effect of various vulcanization methods on power frequency breakdown property of water treeing retardant XLPE power cable,the test method and quality evaluating program for breakdown property of water treeing retardant XLPE cable were built up.Water treeing retardant XLPE power cable samples with the same rated voltage,the same type and size,and similar structures were made by five different vulcanization methods(A,B,C,D,E) by using the same conductor shield material,the same insulation material and the same insulation shield material.Six samples for each vulcanization method and total thirty samples were made.All the samples were divided into two groups,including before aging and after 180 days accelerated aging.Then,all of the samples were tested one by one to investigate their AC breakdown strengths.Water treeing,void and protrusion in interface between insulation and semi-conductive shield,and void and contaminant in insulation in samples after breakdown were observed.Test results show that there are some small size contaminants and no voids in samples,and interface between insulation and semi-conductive shield are smooth,which can not decrease breakdown strengths.After 180 days aging,AC breakdown strengths of samples made by using a vulcanization method decrease by 53.53% and water trees are observed,AC breakdown strengths of samples made by B and C vulcanization methods also decrease respectively,and AC breakdown strengths of samples made by D and E vulcanization methods do not decrease.The results show that there are direct effects of various vulcanization methods on power frequency breakdown performance of XLPE water treeing retardant power cable,the vulcanization method in practice is also proposed.It is suggested that temperatures in different vulcanization zone should become lower gradually,and the temperature of vulcanization zone 1 should be higher,and the product rate should be proper.
The use of stent retrievers in acute ischemic stroke.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of mortality and adult disability worldwide. For two decades, the preferred approach for AIS was intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA). However, IV tPA cannot be given to many AIS patients who do not meet strict criteria for its use. IV tPA has also had lesser benefit in patients with large clot burden in the context of large vessel occlusion (LVO).Areas covered: Endovascular stroke therapy had been an ‘unproven’ therapy despite numerous trials of intra-arterial pharmacologic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. With the advent of stent-retriever devices, there has been a paradigm shift in the utilization of endovascular therapies for AIS. Our review discusses cerebrovascular hemodynamics, the basis of the recanalization models in AIS, aspects of intravenous thrombolysis, prior generations of endovascular therapy, and the recent successful AIS stent retriever trials.Expert commentary: Recently ‘sten...
Prevalence of astigmatism, astigmatic anisometropla, and glasses wearing among preschool-and school-age Native American children

A high prevalence of astigmatism has been documented among school-age members of some Native American peoples, including the Cheyenne,1 Crow,1 Navajo,2–4 Pueblo,5 Sioux,6,7 Tohono O’Odham8, and Zuni.3
Techniques of Social Influence: The Psychology of Gaining Compliance, by Dariusz Dolinski

For those who teach persuasion from a social science theory and research-based perspective, there are several well-established texts that address the range of contemporary theory and research. Amon...
Student Use of Large Corpora to Investigate Language Change

The use of corpora in historical linguistics courses is an idea whose time has come, but it is a topic that has received scant attention in previous studies. In this paper I examine the way in which students have used large corpora as a fundamental part of an online “History of the Spanish Language” course. These corpora include a parallel corpus of the entire Bible in Late Latin, Old Spanish, and Modern Spanish, which allows students to compare many different linguistic structures across these three languages. The main corpus used in the course is the recently-completed “Corpus del Espanol” – a web-based, 100 million word, fully-annotated corpus of Spanish texts from the 1200s-1900s. This corpus allows even beginning students of historical linguistics to quickly and easily extract data for a wide range of linguistic phenomena, and thus move beyond the simplistic memorization of “historical rules” that are found in many textbooks.
Charged particle rapidity distributions at relativistic energies

Using a multiphase transport model (AMPT), which includes both initial partonic and final hadronic interactions, we study the rapidity distributions of charged particles such as protons, antiprotons, pions, and kaons in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The theoretical results for the total charged particle multiplicity at midrapidity are consistent with those measured by the PHOBOS Collaboration in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}=56$ and $130A \mathrm{GeV}.$ We find that these hadronic observables are much more sensitive to the hadronic interactions than to the partonic interactions.
Surface chemistry of cadmium sulfide magic-sized clusters: a window into ligand-nanoparticle interactions

Optoelectronic properties of nanoparticles are intimately coupled to the complex physiochemical interplay between the inorganic core and the organic ligand shell. Magic-sized clusters, which are predominately surface atoms, provide a promising avenue to clarify these critical surface interactions. Whereas these interactions impact the surface of both nanoparticles and magic-sized clusters, we show here that only clusters manifest a shift in the excitonic peak by up to 0.4 eV upon solvent or ligand treatment. These results highlight the utility of the clusters as a probe of ligand–surface interactions.
Energy policies and sustainable development

Agenda 21 and other proposals intended to promote sustainable development include specific energy proposals and other long–term suggestions which will affect energy use patterns. This paper reviews specific energy policies which can affect energy use in major consuming sectors. Policies aimed at promoting energy efficiency are important components of sustainable development programs since the resulting reduction in energy use means less harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Energy supply issues are also addressed in terms of their impact on achieving sustainable development. The ultimate goal of achieving a complete transition to environmentally sound energy sources is examined with regard to the energy policies required as well as other social and economic policies which will affect energy use in the long term.
Green’s Function Method for Calculation of Strain Field Due to a Quantum Dot in a Semi-Infinite Anisotropic Solid

A computationally convenient Green’s function method is described for calculation of strain characteristics of quantum dots in an anisotropic semi- infinite solid containing a free surface. Semi-analytic expressions are derived for the strain field due to a quantum dot, strain energy of a quantum dot, and strain- field interaction between 2 quantum dots. Numerical results are presented for the strain field due to a quantum dot in GaAs. It is shown that the effect of the free surface, which has been neglected in earlier calculations using Green’s function methods, is quite significant.
Self-Assembly of Aligned Hybrid One-Dimensional Stacks from Two Complementary π-Bowls

Designed synthesis of a new crystalline donor–acceptor organic hybrid has been accomplished by using two bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) having complementary structures and properties, namely, C20H10 and C5-C20H5(CF3)5. The X-ray structural characterization of the product, [(C20H10)·(C20H5(CF3)5)]·C6H4Cl2, revealed the formation of aligned columnar stacks of alternating C20H10 and C20H5(CF3)5 molecules with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.658(8) and 3.787(8) A and a small bowl slip of 0.086(6) A. The tight bowl packing is accompanied by notable molecular geometry adjustments of the individual PAHs. The bowl depth increased for corannulene (Δ = +0.019 A) and decreased for sym-pentakis(trifluoromethyl)corannulene (Δ = −0.011 A), facilitating enhancement of concave–convex interactions along the stacks. The parallel alignment of one-dimensional columns is supported by multiple intermolecular interactions involving C6H4Cl2 used as the crystallization solvent, forming an infinite two-dim...
Why Triangular Membership Functions are Often Efficient in F-transform Applications: Relation to Probabilistic and Interval Uncertainty and to Haar Wavelets

Fuzzy techniques describe expert opinions. At first glance, we would therefore expect that the more accurately the corresponding membership functions describe the expert’s opinions, the better the corresponding results. In practice, however, contrary to these expectations, the simplest – and not very accurate – triangular membership functions often work the best. In this paper, on the example of the use of membership functions in F-transform techniques, we provide a possible theoretical explanation for this surprising empirical phenomenon.
Location of the ribosomal RNA cistron of Escherichia coli: a second site.

RNA-DNA hybridization has been used to determine the chromosomal location of a portion of the genes specifying ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli. Approximately 30% of these cistrons are between 54 and 59 min.
Effect of Phase Behavior on Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic and Extraction Performance

Phase separation will degrade supercritical fluid chromatography performance; however, its effect in supercritical fluid extraction depends on where phase immiscibility occurs in the system. The types of phase behavior that occur in the system components, techniques to avoid phase separation, and a rapid method to evaluate the phase behavior of fluid mixtures are discussed.
Association of Annular Calcification and Aortic Valve Sclerosis With Brain Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Community Dwelling Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of mitral annular calcification, aortic annular calcification, and aortic valve sclerosis with covert magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined brain infarcts. Background Clinically silent brain infarcts defined by MRI are associated with increased risk for cognitive decline, dementia, and future overt stroke. Left-sided cardiac valvular and annular calcifications are suspected as risk factors for clinical ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 2,680 CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants without clinical histories of stroke or transient ischemic attack underwent brain MRI in 1992 and 1993, 1 to 2 years before echocardiographic exams (1994 to 1995). Results The mean age of the participants was 74.5 ± 4.8 years, and 39.3% were men. The presence of any annular or valvular calcification (mitral annular calcification, aortic annular calcification, or aortic valve sclerosis), mitral annular calcification alone, or aortic annular calcification alone was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of covert brain infarcts in unadjusted analyses (p Conclusions Left-sided cardiac annular and valvular calcifications are associated with covert MRI-defined brain infarcts. Further study is warranted to identify mechanisms and determine whether intervening in the progression of annular and valvular calcification could reduce the incidence of covert brain infarcts as well as the associated risk for cognitive impairment and future stroke.
NetViewer: a network traffic visualization and analysis tool

The frequent and large-scale network attacks have led to an increased need for developing techniques for analyzing network traffic. If efficient analysis tools were available, it could become possible to detect the attacks, anomalies and to appropriately take action to contain the attacks before they have had time to propagate across the network. This paper describes NetViewer, a network monitoring tool that can simultaneously detect, identify and visualize attacks and anomalous traffic in real-time by passively monitoring packet headers. NetViewer represents the traffic data as images, enabling the application of image/video processing techniques for the analysis of network traffic. NetViewer is released free to the general public. By employing a freely available visualization tool, the users of NetViewer can comprehend the characteristics of the network traffic observed in the aggregate. NetViewer can be employed to detect and identify network anomalies such as DoS/DDoS attacks, worms and flash crowds. NetViewer can also provide information on traffic distributions over IP address/port number domains, utilization of link capacity and effectiveness of Quality of Service policies.
The CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 synergizes with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcinoma cells.

Inhibitors of PARP1 are approved therapeutic agents in ovarian carcinomas. We determined whether the novel clinically relevant CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 interacted with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcino...
Off-Grid System Converters and Controllers

Off-grid systems make use of a variety of converters and controllers to condition and facilitate the flow of power from source to load. This chapter begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of power electronics that are important to understanding converters and controllers: solid-state switches, pulse width modulation, and harmonics and distortion. The operating principles, applications, and practical considerations of several converters particularly relevant to off-grid systems are presented, including DC–DC converters, maximum power point trackers, solar and AC battery chargers, rectifiers, automatic voltage regulators, electronic load controllers, and inverters.
Withdrawal Confounding in Randomized Controlled Trials of Antipsychotic, Antidepressant, and Stimulant Drugs, 2000-2017

Background Results of relapse prevention randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which discontinue psychotropic drug treatment from some participants may be confounded by drug withdrawal symptoms. We test for the confound by calculating whether ≥50% of the difference in relapse risk between drug-discontinued and drug-maintained groups is present at discontinuation time points (DCTs) with "short" and "long" assumptions regarding onset and duration of withdrawal symptoms. Methods In eligible RCTs of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and stimulants from 2000 to 2017 (n = 30) selected from a systematic review, differences in relapse risk were examined by arithmetic and graphical comparison of mean behavioral scores or survival plots. Results Only 14 studies (46.6%) with 15 analyses of relapse risk provided sufficient data. Under short and long DCTs, 9 of 13 (69.2%) and 7 of 9 (77.8%) interpretable analyses, respectively, suggested a withdrawal confound. The proportion of endpoint placebo-maintenance group difference present by the DCT averaged 69.1% (range, 58.7-148.0%, n = 13) for short DCT assumptions, and 79.0% (range, 51.5-183.3%, n = 9) under long DCTs. One study (3.33%) controlled for withdraw al effects, and 1 yielded inconclusive results. Conclusions These results support suggestions that withdrawal symptoms confound the results of relapse prevention RCTs. Accounting for such symptoms in RCTs is an ethical, scientific, and clinical imperative. Justifications for relapse prevention RCTs employing a discontinuation procedure require more scrutiny.
Transnational as Comparative History: (Un)Thinking Difference in the Self and Others

Issues of comparison lurk in the subterranean recesses of transnational studies but are rarely enunciated. Popkewitz explores these recesses. He weaves together historical and theoretical considerations in a history of history, examining two sacraments of context and archive, the heart of contemporary historical analyses. These are examined as inscriptions of a particular ordering of time in cultural practices and as a realism that erases differences in its modes of comparing. Popkewitz considers how cultural principles are generated, assembled, and connected in discontinuous time and spaces for understanding difference. His intent is to outline a mode of analysis for thinking about constructions of difference in transnational historical studies through examining the principles of reason that order and classify what is seen, thought about and acted upon.
The Value of Longitudinal Integrated TBLs and How to Create Them.

To mimic the experiences clinicians have with patients, longitudinally integrated team-based learning application exercises involving a group of patients who reappear across multiple courses in an integrated organ system–based curriculum were created to illustrate the multisystem nature of pathology. The aim of these cases was to provide student-centered learning opportunities that demonstrate how organ systems are interconnected in injury and disease and illustrate how a longitudinally integrated series of team-based learning activities can be woven throughout the preclinical curriculum.
Sustainability-based optimization algorithm

Project decisions are currently decided primarily on initial costs and neglect environmental and social aspects. In this study, a new optimization algorithm has been developed based on the three-legged stool of sustainability, namely technical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. The new algorithm, entitled the sustainability-based optimization algorithm, will minimize the average of normalized values of life-cycle costs, environmental impacts, and social objections subject to the constraint that all options will be acceptable. The optimal combinations of input variable values are found by optimization. The algorithm is demonstrated on algal biofuel production and is adapted from the model described in the greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation model. The indicators that are practical and widely applicable in algal production were based on previous studies. The results show the minimum objective function occurs at the combination of input variables that minimizes each component of sustainability, namely CO2-reduction, environmental, and economic aspects. The minimum objective considering only the social aspects occurs at the water-recycling reduction scenario. Considering the optimal solution with the focus only on one of the environmental, social, or economic terms could potentially lead to a solution that is not robust. The advantage of this algorithm is that by considering all active and effective indicators together the most sustainably robust result is found. The new algorithm is potentially applicable for various types of projects involved in resilient infrastructure such as bridges, roads, electrical grids, water distribution systems, sewer systems, water and wastewater treatment plants, and renewable energy.
Effect of time in function on the predictability of short dental implants (≤6 mm): A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To analyse randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting on the survival and failure rates of functionally loaded short implants (SI) based on the actual length of time in function. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify RCTs and prospective cohort studies reporting survival and complication rates of short dental implants (≤6 mm) based on the time in function. Secondary outcomes included the location (maxilla or mandible), type of restoration (single crown [SC] versus fixed dental prosthesis [FDP]) and marginal bone loss (MBL). RESULTS A total of 20 studies (11 RCTs and 9 prospective) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and featured a total of 1238 SI placed in 747 patients. The overall (early and late) mean percentage of short implant failure was 4%. SI with up to 1-year follow-up presented failure rate of 2%, while SI followed up for >3 years showed a failure rate of 10%. SI restored with SC presented a late failure rate of 4% while SI restored with FPD 2%. The late failure rate did not differ in terms of location (maxilla or mandible) both with 3%. CONCLUSION Short implants in function for more than 3 years presented higher failure rates compared to SI in function for <3 years. Splinting crowns supported by SIs in the posterior area should be considered. However, SI is a valid option for selected cases given their relatively high long-term survival rates.
CA-125 Concentrations in Patients Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation

CA-125 (cancer antigen or carbohydrate antigen) is a high-molecular weight glycoprotein most appropriately used for monitoring treatment response and recurrence of ovarian carcinoma, with concentrations >35 units/mL indicating residual tumor. Serum concentrations have also been shown to correlate with ovarian tumor mass. Increases, although usually not as marked, have been seen in other conditions such as lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, abdominal miliary tuberculosis, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and during ovulation in 1–2% of healthy women. Therefore, this serum marker is not recommended as a screening test for ovarian carcinoma (1)(2)(3). Recently, at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, CA-125 was inadvertently ordered on a male heart failure …
Community structure of the creative brain at rest

Recent studies have provided insight into inter-individual differences in creative thinking, focusing on characterizations of distributed large-scale brain networks both at the local level of regions and their pairwise interactions and at the global level of the brain as a whole. However, it remains unclear how creative thinking relates to mesoscale network features, e.g. community and hub organization. We applied a data-driven approach to examine community and hub structure in resting-state functional imaging data from a large sample of participants, and how they relate to individual differences in creative thinking. First, we computed for every participant the co-assignment probability of brain regions to the same community. We found that greater capacity for creative thinking was related to increased and decreased co-assignment of medial-temporal and subcortical regions to the same community, respectively, suggesting that creative capacity may be reflected in inter-individual differences in the meso-scale organization of brain networks. We then used participant-specific communities to identify network hubs-nodes whose connections form bridges across the boundaries of different communities-quantified based on their participation coefficients. We found that increased hubness of DMN and medial-temporal regions were positively and negatively related with creative ability, respectively. These findings suggest that creative capacity may be reflected in inter-individual differences in community interactions of DMN and medial-temporal structures. Collectively, these results demonstrate the fruitfulness of investigating mesoscale brain network features in relation to creative thinking.
Probing the Standard Model via rare pion and muon decays

The PIBETA collaboration has used a non-magnetic pure CsI calorimeter operating at the Paul Scherrer Institute to collect the world's largest sample of rare pion and muon decays. We have extracted the absolute π + → π 0 e + ν decay branching ratio with the 0.55 % total uncertainty. The π + → e + ν γ data set was used to extract weak axial and vector form factors F A and F V , yielding a significant improvement in the precision of F A and F V . The μ + → e + ν ν γ distributions were well described with the two-parameter ( ρ SM , η ¯ = 0 ) solution. These results bring major improvements in accuracy over the current Particle Data Group listings and agree well with the predictions of the Standard Model.
Sex differences in infant health following ART-treated, subfertile, and fertile deliveries

Among infants following ART-treated, subfertile, and fertile deliveries to determine (1) the presence and magnitude of sex differences in health outcomes and (2) whether the presence of sex differences varied among maternal fertility groups. Retrospective cohort analysis of infants born in Massachusetts (MA) in 2004–2013 who were conceived by ART. The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System was linked to the Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data system, which links birth certificates to hospital discharge records for MA mothers and infants. Included were singletons born via ART-treated, subfertile, and fertile deliveries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between infant sex and health outcomes, controlling for maternal demographic and health characteristics. A total of 16,034 ART-treated, 13,277 subfertile, and 620,375 fertile singleton live births were included. For all three groups, males had greater odds of being preterm (AOR range 1.15–1.2), having birth defects (AOR range 1.31–1.71), experiencing respiratory (AOR range 1.33–1.35) and neurologic (AOR range 1.24–1.3) conditions, and prolonged hospital stay (AOR range 1.19–1.25) compared to females. The interaction between maternal fertility group and infant sex for all infant outcomes was nonsignificant, denoting that the presence of sex differences among fertile, subfertile, and ART groups did not vary. Sex differences in birth outcomes of infants following ART-treated, subfertile, and fertile deliveries exist but the magnitude of these differences does not vary among these maternal fertility groups.
Electronically Coupled TTA-UC Solar Cells

Optical and electronic coupling architectures are two distinct strategies for harnessing photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) in a solar cell. The former combines a standard solar cell with an UC film (Chap. 10), while the latter integrates TTA-UC directly into the solar cell. In this chapter we will review the various strategies for integrating TTA-UC into dye-sensitized and layered heterojunction solar cells. These strategies include heterogeneous sensitization, multilayers, metal-organic frameworks, co-deposition, and more. We describe these architectures, note advantages and disadvantages of each, and summarize progress in the field to date. We also discuss the efficiency-limiting factors of current devices and the prospects for integrated TTA-UC solar cells.
Survival Outcomes for Patients With T3N0M0 Glottic Cancer of the Larynx Treated With Radiation Alone vs. Chemoradiation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Laryngeal preservation with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has been established through various prospective randomized trials. However, it is unclear what the optimal treatment approach for patients with T3N0M0 glottic cancer is and whether chemotherapy is needed in conjunction with radiation. We sought to evaluate survival differences in patients with T3N0M0 glottic cancer treated with radiation alone (RT) versus chemoradiation. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with T3N0M0 glottic cancer diagnosed from 2004 through 2017 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Patients treated definitively with RT or CRT were selected. Patients receiving adjuvant RT or CRT were excluded. Baseline differences among treatment groups were identified. Overall survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and reported as median survival (MS). A multivariable cox proportional hazards model was constructed to identify variables associated with survival. RESULTS A total of 3785 patients were included in the cohort, with 942 (25%) patients who received RT alone and 2843 (75%) who received CRT. With a median follow up of 75.2 months, median survival was significantly longer in patients treated with CRT than in patients treated with RT alone (82 months [m], 95% CI 76-87m vs 29m, 95% CI 25-33m). On multivariable cox model, patient factors associated with decreased overall survival (OS) included omission of chemo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.52-1.87), age > 70 (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.15-2.42), comorbidities (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.15-2.42, and treatment at non-tertiary academic cancer centers (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48). Patients age > 70 and those with multiple comorbidities were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% CI 0.25-0.37 and OR 0.48 95% CI 0.31-0.76, respectively). When limiting analysis to patients under 70 with no comorbidities, the survival benefit persisted in favor of CRT (MS 113m, 95% CI 102-124m vs. MS 65, 95% CI 47-85m). CONCLUSION Optimal treatment for T3N0M0 glottic cancer has not fully been established in prospective clinical trials. This is the first study to evaluate survival outcomes in this group of patients comparing RT to CRT. Median survival appears to be significantly increased with the use of CRT, and this benefit persists when controlling for age and performance status. This study supports the use of definitive CRT for appropriately selected patients with T3N0M0 glottic cancer.
Approximate Unitary Equivalence and the Topology of Ext (A, B)

Let A, B be unital C*-algebras and assume that A is separable and quasidiagonal relative to B. Let ϕ, ψ : A → B be unital *-homomorphisms. If A is nuclear and satisfies the UCT, we prove that ϕ is approximately stably unitarily equivalent to ψ if and only if ϕ* = ψ* : K * (A, ℤ/n) → K *(B, ℤ/n) for all n ≥ 0. We give a new proof of a result of [DE2] which states that if A is separable and quasidiagonal relative to B and if (ϕ, ψ : A → B have the same KK-class, then (ϕ is approximately stably unitarily equivalent to ψ. For nuclear separable C*-algebras A, we give a KK-theoretical description of the closure of zero in Ext(A, B).
Large-scale oblique features in an active transform fault, the Wilkes fracture zone near 9°S on the East Pacific Rise

The Wilkes fracture zone offsets the East Pacific Rise about 200 km right-laterally near 9°S. The bathymetric expression of the fracture zone ranges from a simple slope or step along its inactive extension to a 100 km wide zone of oblique structural features in the active portion. A low ridge 200 to 300 m high, 5 to 15 km wide and 185 km long is the dominant oblique structure; it trends 23° north of the main transform trend. A high-amplitude magnetic anomaly trends 097° along the southern part of the active portion and apparently marks the main transform direction. The structurally simple, inactive portions of the Wilkes fracture zone trend 105°. Plots of epicenter locations reveal two groupings of earthquakes, one along an 082° trend in the central part of the fracture zone, and a cluster near the southwestern fracture zone — spreading center intersection. Taken together the data suggest that some event, other than a shift in the Nazca-Pacific pole of rotation, occurred 0.9 m.y. ago to change the Wilkes fracture zone from a simple fault to a complex zone of shearing. Since that time the long oblique ridge, probably the surface expression of a Riedel shear, was formed. At present the entire 200 km long, 100 km wide region between the offset axes is seismically active, but transform motion may be largely confined to the southern margin of the active zone, coincident with the high-amplitude magnetic anomaly there.
Vitamin A and mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

Publisher Summary In a search for a biochemical function of vitamin A in metabolism, when looking over the existing literature on the effects of vitamin A deficiency or excess, one is immediately struck by the importance of the influence of vitamin A on mucus formation and on mucosal tissue. Moore, in his monumental work on vitamin A, states: “If we consider the role of vitamin A on the widest possible basis, therefore, we may say that it is necessary for the formation of large molecules containing glucosamine.” Such large molecules are the mucopolysaccharides which, in addition, contain galactosamine, glucuronic acid, sulfate, and in certain cases also sialic acid, mannose, and fucose. Any hypothesis of a systemic function of vitamin A, therefore, has to take into account its effect on the biosynthesis of the mucopolysaccharides. These occur in various forms, and with various functions, in almost all tissues of the mammalian organism, but principally, and in largest quantities, in two locations: in the mucus secreted by mucous epithelium; and in the extracellular matrix of cartilage, mainly as chondroitin sulfate. Attention is focused in this chapter on the influence of vitamin A on these two tissues.
Home health care nurses' perceptions of empowerment.

This exploratory study involved the triangulation of qualitative (interview and observation) and quantitative methods (Psychological Empowerment Instrument). This study examined the individual home care nurses' perception of empowerment and how it influences decisions in the home clinical setting. Fifteen nurses were self-selected to participate. All completed an interview, and were observed and given Likert Instrument to complete. A framework analysis was performed to identify mutually exclusive and exhaustive emergent themes and patterns within the data. Home care nurses described that empowerment is in the interaction between nurse and patient, and nurse and health care provider. Empowered is defined as being independent, confident, trusting, and comfortable with providing quality care. Home health care nurses believe that having the ability to practice collaboratively and build professional relationships was essential. Nurses in this study perceived empowerment as having meaning, choice, and competenc...
Programming Models and Synchronization Techniques for Disconnected Business Applications

Abstract Programming models usefully structure the way that programmers approach problems and develop applications. Business applications need properties such as persistence, data sharing, transactions, and security, and various programming models exist—for connected environments—that facilitate the development of applications with these properties. Recently, it has become possible to consider running business applications on disconnected devices. Developers thus confront two areas of concern. The first is to solve the pragmatic problems of how to implement the properties required by business applications in a disconnected environment. The second is to determine whether programming models for disconnected environments exist (as they do for connected environments) that facilitate the development of business applications. This chapter discusses these two areas of concern. We explain why business applications are particularly hard to “project” to disconnected devices. We then introduce some of the approaches used to solve these problems (focusing especially on data replication and method replay techniques), and the programming models that exist for the disconnected environment. Finally, we analyze whether connected programming models for business applications can be usefully projected to disconnected environments. We compare the data replication and method replay approaches, discuss the features of each, and show that a connected programming model is useful even in a disconnected environment.
Isotopic evidence for a solar argon component in the Earth's mantle

Determining the presence of solar argon, krypton and xenon in the Earth's mantle is important for understanding the source, incorporation mechanism and transport of noble gases in the Earth, as well as the evolutionary history of the Earth's atmosphere. There are strong indications in the mid-ocean ridge basalt database that solar helium and neon are indeed present1,2,3, and modelling exercises indicate that the compositions of all five noble gases in the Earth's primordial inventory were solar-like3,4,5. But solar isotopic signatures of the heavier noble gases argon and xenon, which differ significantly from atmospheric compositions, have appeared only subtly if at all in analyses of mantle-derived samples6 — their non-radiogenic isotope ratios are generally found to be indistinguishable or only slightly different from those in the atmosphere2,7,8,9,10. The first promising isotopic evidence for a solar-like argon component in the Earth's mantle appeared in a recent analysis of basalt glasses from the Hawaiian Loihi seamount11. Here I show that recent measurements12 of neon and argon isotopes in a suite of mid-ocean ridge basalt samples from the southern East Pacific Rise greatly strengthen the case for the presence of solar argon, and by inference krypton and xenon, in the Earth's mantle.
Overview of cosmic rays, solar and interplanetary physics research (1987-1990)

A brief survey of recent U.S. investigations in the field of heliospheric plasmas and their manifestations is presented, introducing the following collection of detailed reviews (accessions A91-46959 to A91-46964). Topics examined include the large-scale structure of interplanetary plasmas, models of Galactic cosmic-ray production and propagation, solar-wind turbulence, long-period solar-terrestrial variability, the possible relation between solar-neutrino counts and the sunspot cycle, X-ray studies of solar flares and their implications for solar processes, and the near-sun magnetic field.
Rare Earths in European Shales: A Redetermination

The rare-earth elements in a composite of European shales originally analyzed by Minami in 1935 have been analyzed by neutron activation. The apparent europium deficiency and the differences in relative elemental abundances for the rare earths from American and Russian sediments, as in ferred from the older values, are obviated.
Pfister’s Theorem Fails in the Free Case

Artin solved Hilbert’s 17th problem by showing that every positive semidefinite polynomial can be realized as a sum of squares of rational functions. Pfister gave a bound on the number of squares of rational functions: if p is a positive semi-definite polynomial in n variables, then there is a polynomial q so that q 2 p is a sum of at most 2 n squares. As shown by D’Angelo and Lebl, the analog of Pfister’s theorem fails in the case of Hermitian polynomials. Specifically, it was shown that the rank of any multiple of the polynomial \(\|Z\|^{2d} \equiv (\sum_j|z_j|^2)^d\) is bounded below by a quantity depending on d. Here we prove that a similar result holds in a free *-algebra.
Flow Estimation and Measurement

Very often it becomes necessary to maintain a given water level in a tank or monitor water flow from a tank, through pipelines or in open channels. Flow control means having a knowledge of what the water requirements are to individual parts of the system and being able to adjust flow rates as required. This chapter explores various methods commonly used in the aquaculture industry for sensing and maintaining water levels in tanks or ponds, and for sensing and measuring water flow through conduits and channels.
Effect of Oxygen on Viability and Substrate Utilization in Chromatium

Chromatium D can be exposed to oxygen for prolonged periods without any loss in motility or viability. Oxygen did not affect the rate of thiosulfate disappearance from the media, the oxidation of the inner sulfur atom of thiosulfate to sulfate, or the conversion of the outer sulfur atom of thiosulfate to intracellular sulfur, but it did inhibit the oxidation of intracellular sulfur to sulfate. Oxygen partially inhibited the uptake of pyruvate from the medium, but had little effect on the uptake of acetate. The distribution of label from pyruvate-2-14C into various cell fractions under aerobic conditions differed only slightly from that obtained under anaerobic conditions. Cells utilizing acetate-2-14C aerobically converted the majority of the metabolized acetate into a cell fraction with the solubility characteristics of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid, whereas under anaerobic conditions the acetate was distributed throughout the other cell fractions. Oxygen completely prevented the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll.
Large interannual variations in nonmethane volatile organic compound emissions based on measurements of carbon monoxide

[1] We present source estimates of atmospheric carbon monoxide from nonmethane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) oxidation during a period of 8 years (1997–2004) using a Bayesian inversion analysis. The optimized global NMVOC-derived CO source strength indicates a change of a factor of 2 between the 1997–1998 strong El Nino and subsequent La Nina conditions. For comparison, the average 8 year interannual variability (IAV) is 18%. The variation of NMVOC-derived CO is closely correlated with the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and surface temperature. A time-lagged correlation analysis between ONI and NMVOC-derived CO inventory indicated El Nino/Southern Oscillation leads the Northern Hemisphere (NH) NMVOC-derived CO production by about 3 months earlier than the Southern Hemisphere's (SH). The SH NMVOC-derived CO was positively correlated with the lagged-ONI (r = 0.57), while the temperature change barely influenced SH NMVOC-derived CO (r = 0.01). In the NH, temperature was more robustly correlated with NMVOC-derived CO (r = 0.58) than the lagged-ONI (r = 0.35). In particular, the extra-tropical temperature showed a strong correlation (r = 0.90) with the NH NMVOC-derived CO and suggested its primary role in controlling the interannual variability of the NH NMVOC-derived CO.
Primary and secondary gliosarcomas: clinical, molecular and survival characteristics

Gliosarcoma is classified by the World Health Organization as a variant of glioblastoma. These tumors exhibit biphasic histologic and immunophenotypic features, reflecting both glial and mesenchymal differentiation. Gliosarcomas can be further classified into primary (de novo) tumors, and secondary gliosarcomas, which are diagnosed at recurrence after a diagnosis of glioblastoma. Using a retrospective review, patients seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2004 and 2014 with a pathology-confirmed diagnosis of gliosarcoma were identified. 34 patients with a diagnosis of gliosarcoma seen at the time of initial diagnosis or at recurrence were identified (24 primary gliosarcomas (PGS), 10 secondary gliosarcomas (SGS)). Molecular analysis performed on fourteen patients revealed a high incidence of TP53 mutations and, rarely, EGFR and IDH mutations. Median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 17.5 months from the diagnosis of gliosarcoma, with a progression free survival (PFS) of 6.4 months. Comparing PGS with SGS, the median OS was 24.7 and 8.95 months, respectively (from the time of sarcomatous transformation in the case of SGS). The median OS in SGS patients from the initial diagnosis of GB was 25 months, with a PFS of 10.7 months. Molecular analysis revealed a higher than expected rate of TP53 mutations in GS patients and, typical of primary glioblastoma, IDH mutations were uncommon. Though our data shows improved outcomes for both PGS and SGS when compared to the literature, this is most likely a reflection of selection bias of patients treated on clinical trials at a quaternary center.
Threatening the Patriarchy: Teaching as Performance.

This article brings into conversation theories of performance and performativity to argue that the analogy of a teacher as a performer is a very complex discourse that both empowers and disempowers women teachers. As the field of teachers is increasingly comprised of women and the education policy and administrative leadership fields is increasingly comprised of men, there is an equally disturbing increase in the amount of disciplining, standardisation, and evaluation of teachers’ practices within schools in recent decades. The author argues that the perceived feminisation of the teaching field produces a situation in which teachers’ performance is threatening to the patriarchal institutions, causing further surveillance upon women and their role. Yet, in contrast, an analogy of performance also can allow teachers to subvert hegemonic patriarchal practices. Central to this discussion are notions of threat, corporeality, and temporality. The author concludes with examples of how teachers and researchers ha...
Lattice truss structures from expanded metal sheet

Metallic lattice truss structures are usually made by perforating a metal sheet with a periodic diamond pattern followed by folding at node rows to create a plate of 3D interconnected trusses. For low relative density lattices, the initial sheet material is inefficiently utilized, and the node area is small raising concerns about node bond robustness under shear or tensile loading. Here, we explore a simple approach for making open cell, pyramidal lattice truss structures with robust nodes and close to 100% utilization of the sheet material. Aluminium alloy lattices with a relative density of 5.7% were fabricated and bonded to aluminium alloy facesheets using a brazing technique. They have been tested in through thickness compression, and in both transverse and longitudinal shear. The lattice truss structures made by this approach have a normalized compressive peak strength close to the predicted maximum. The non-dimensional transverse and longitudinal shear strengths were also close to theoretical predictions. No node failures were observed during plastic shear straining up to 20%.
Glass formation criterion for various glass-forming systems

A conceptual approach to evaluate glass-forming ability for various glass-forming systems has been proposed from a physical metallurgy point of view. It was found that the glass-forming ability for noncrystalline materials was related mainly to two factors, i.e., 1/(T(g)+T(l)) and Tx (wherein Tx is the onset crystallization temperature, T ( g) the glass transition temperature, and T(l) the liquidus temperature), and could be predicated by a unified parameter gamma defined as T(x)/(T(g)+T(l)). This approach was confirmed and validated by experimental data in various glass-forming systems including oxide glasses, cryoprotectants, and metallic glasses.
An apparatus for monitoring and controlling turbidity in biological experiments

Turbidity is an important ecological factor which affects feeding and growth in marine organisms. Because of the rapidity with which suspended solids settle out of the water column in nonturbulent environments, maintenance of controlled levels of tubidity in laboratory investigations has been problematic. Ideally, turbidity levels should be measured and adjusted frequently enough to ensure no significant changes over time. A computer controlled, recirculating aquarium system is described which constantly monitors the turbidity in several treatment levels and responds appropriately to maintain treatments at the desired level. This system allows long-term turbidity experiments to be performed while continuously recording all turbidity measurements collected for each treatment during the course of the experiment.