cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Density Liquidlike Component Facilitates Plastic Flow in a Model Amorphous Silicon System

Molecular dynamics simulations show that plastic deformation of amorphous Si modeled by the Stillinger-Weber potential is very sensitive to the density of the initial unstressed state. Low-density systems exhibit a pronounced yield phenomenon, strain softening, and a dramatic drop in pressure during deformation at a constant volume. This behavior is explained by the presence in every system of a certain concentration of solidlike and liquidlike components, the latter being denser and more amenable to plastic flow.
Air disinfection in corridors by upper air irradiation with ultraviolet.

Ultraviolet (UV) air disinfection in corridors was studied by atomizing test organisms (Serratia marcescens) and by comparing the concentration of organisms at points downwind along the corridor with upper air UV both on and off. After the organisms had passed one UV fixture, the ratio (count with UV on to count with UV off) was 0.43 ± 0.19 SD, and after the organisms had passed the second UV fixture, the ratio was 0.23 ± 0.15 SD in corridor A. In corridor B the corresponding values were 0.25 ± 0.07 and 0.088 ± 0.04. The more effective disinfection in corridor B was related to the lower ceiling and greater intensity of UV radiation reflected from the ceiling.
Synthesis of polymeric microcapsule arrays and their use for enzyme immobilization

Current methods for immobilizing enzymes for use in bioreactors and biosensors include adsorption on or covalent attachment to a support, micro-encapsulation, and entrapment within a membrane/film or gel. The ideal immobilization method should employ mild chemical conditions, allow for large quantities of enzyme to be immobilized, provide a large surface area for enzyme-substrate contact within a small total volume, minimize barriers to mass transport of substrate and product, and provide a chemically and mechanically robust system. Here we describe a method for enzyme immobilization that satisfies all of these criteria. We have developed a template-based synthetic method that yields hollow polymeric microcapsules of uniform diameter and length. These microcapsules are arranged in a high-density array in which the individual capsules protrude from a surface like the bristles of a brush. We have developed procedures for filling these microcapsules with high concentrations of enzymes. The enzyme-loaded microcapsule arrays function as enzymatic bioreactors in both aqueous solution and organic solvents.
Carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous lithic fragments in the Plainview, Texas, chondrite: origin and history☆

Abstract The Plainview. Texas, meteorite is a polymict-brecciated H-group chondrite composed of recrystallized light-colored portions embedded in a well-compacted, dense, somewhat recrystallized, dark-colored matrix. Both portions consist of equilibrated silicates (H5 classification), but a small number of silicate grains and unequilibrated lithic fragments not compatible with equilibrated ordinary H-group material are present in the dark-colored matrix. Lithic fragments include: (i) dark-colored, more or less altered, type II carbonaceous chondrites. (ii) unequilibrated ordinary chondrites and (iii) light-colored, unequilibrated and equilibrated fragments, some of which are compositionally similar to the host. Also present are fragment-like dark areas that are highly-shocked host material and not true lithic fragments (pseudo-fragments). Conclusions: Plainview represents a complex regolith breccia formed by repeated impact episodes. Recrystallized, light-colored portions represent surface or near-surface material of a small (asteroidal-sized) parent body. Impacts broke up this material to form fine-grained, dark material which enclosed light-colored protolith. Lithic fragments (i-iii) and some unequilibrated silicate grains and chondrules (apparently derived from unequilibrated chondrites) were embedded in the dark matrix during these repeated impacts. Xenolitlils of carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are either residues of projectiles that impacted the Plainview parent body, or material from coexisting regoliths impact-splashed into Plainview regolith. Chondrules and silicate grains in the dark matrix which differ from H-group material are likely related to these xenoliths and their regoliths. Light-colored lithic fragments may represent shock-melted chondritic material, sometimes compositionally-modified, or new, achondritic meteoritic types. Unequilibrated and carbonaceous lithic fragments in the dark-colored host matrix indicate that equilibration of the host occurred before incorporation of the fragments and that compaction and lithification of the Plainview regolith to form a coherent meteorite must have occurred at temperatures below 300°C and/or on a short time scale.
Stimulus properties of 7-OH-DPAT versus auto- and postsynaptic receptor-specific doses of quinpirole

The five types of dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes have been grouped into two families, the D(1)-like (D(1) and D(5) receptors) and D(2)-like (D(2), D(3), and D(4) receptors). Experimental evidence indicates that D(2)-like receptors can be located either presynaptically, where they modulate the synthesis and release of DA, or postsynaptically. Controversy exists, however, over the precise location and role of the D(3) subtype of DA receptor. To investigate this issue, rats were trained using standard operant drug discrimination procedures to discriminate 0.10 mg/kg of the putatively D(3) receptor-preferring agonist R(+)-7-hydroxy-N,N,-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) from saline. Patterns of generalization to D-amphetamine, AMPT, and SCH 23390 indicated a presynaptic action of 7-OH-DPAT, while apomorphine generalization patterns suggested a postsynaptic action; quinpirole generalization suggested both a pre- and postsynaptic action of 7-OH-DPAT. The ability of spiperone, eticlopride, SCH 23390, and UH 232 to partially antagonize the 7-OH-DPAT stimulus attests to its lack of receptor subtype specificity. These results suggest both pre- and postsynaptic actions of 7-OH-DPAT along with a lack of specificity of the various pharmacological compounds for the D(3) receptor.
Proline: Mother Nature's cryoprotectant applied to protein crystallography

l-Proline is one of Mother Nature's cryoprotectants. Plants and yeast accumulate proline under freeze-induced stress and the use of proline in the cryopreservation of biological samples is well established. Here, it is shown that l-proline is also a useful cryoprotectant for protein crystallography. Proline was used to prepare crystals of lysozyme, xylose isomerase, histidine acid phosphatase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase for low-temperature data collection. The crystallization solutions in these test cases included the commonly used precipitants ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol and spanned the pH range 4.6–8.5. Thus, proline is compatible with typical protein-crystallization formulations. The proline concentration needed for cryoprotection of these crystals is in the range 2.0–3.0 M. Complete data sets were collected from the proline-protected crystals. Proline performed as well as traditional cryoprotectants based on the diffraction resolution and data-quality statistics. The structures were refined to assess the binding of proline to these proteins. As observed with traditional cryoprotectants such as glycerol and ethylene glycol, the electron-density maps clearly showed the presence of proline molecules bound to the protein. In two cases, histidine acid phosphatase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, proline binds in the active site. It is concluded that l-proline is an effective cryoprotectant for protein crystallography.
Motion/imagery secure cloud enterprise architecture analysis

Cloud computing with storage virtualization and new service-oriented architectures brings a new perspective to the aspect of a distributed motion imagery and persistent surveillance enterprise. Our existing research is focused mainly on content management, distributed analytics, WAN distributed cloud networking performance issues of cloud based technologies. The potential of leveraging cloud based technologies for hosting motion imagery, imagery and analytics workflows for DOD and security applications is relatively unexplored. This paper will examine technologies for managing, storing, processing and disseminating motion imagery and imagery within a distributed network environment. Finally, we propose areas for future research in the area of distributed cloud content management enterprises.
College Students' Crime-Related Fears on Campus: Are Fear-Provoking Cues Gendered?

Gender plays a central role in the study of crime-related fear as does the description of various fear-provoking cues in the environment. Despite the ever-growing body of crime-related fear research, few researchers have examined which fear-provoking cues, if any, are gendered. Using a large sample of undergraduates from a public university, this article explores the gendered nature of fear-provoking cues and crime-related fears while on campus. Bivariate and multivariate results suggest that fear-provoking cues are not gendered for fear of larceny-theft or fear of assault. These results inform the fear of crime research on a number of dimensions and have implications for future research.
A two-level two-way partitioning algorithm

A two-way partitioning algorithm is presented which significantly improves on the highly unstable results from the traditional Kernighan-Lin based algorithms. The algorithm groups strongly connected components into clusters, and rearranges the clusters into two final subsets with specified sizes. It is known that the grouping operations reduce the complexity and thus improve the results of partitioning very large circuits. However, if the grouping is inappropriate, the partitioning results may degenerate. To prevent degeneration, the authors use a ratio cut approach to do the grouping. By a series of experiments based on the tradeoff between cut capacity and CPU time, the authors determine an optimal value to control the resultant number of groups. Good experimental results have been observed in terms of cut capacity and CPU time. >
Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in Moringa (Moringaceae)

Abstract Four life forms (habits) are identified in the 13 species of Moringa (bottle trees, sarcorhizal trees, slender trees, and tuberous shrubs) which are examined for wood anatomical correlations with habit, ecology, and systematics. Wood anatomy is similar within habit classes except for the sarcorhizal trees. The four bottle tree species and M. arborea (one of the sarcorhizal trees) are characterized by bands of confluent paratracheal parenchyma alternating with bands of libriform fibres, some of which may be parenchyma-like. The other sarcorhizal tree, M. ruspoliana , is characterized by alternating bands of parenchyma-like and long, slender libriform fibres. Root secondary xylem of all these species is characterized by bands of parenchyma and fibres. Slender trees do not show bands of fibres of different shapes and have fibrous roots with less parenchyma than the other species. Tuberous shrubs have stems mostly composed of long, slender fibres and large underground tubers mostly composed of parenchyma. Quantitative trends between ecologically different localities include wider vessel elements and higher conductive area in moister localities. Wood anatomy provides characters that are of potential phylogenetic utility at a variety of levels of relationship. Based on wood anatomy and geography, the most likely sister taxon to Moringa is Cylicomorpha (Caricaceae).
Which Comes First the Simulation or the Lecture

Research into the instructional effectiveness of computer-based simulations has yielded inconsistent results. Part of this inconsistency can be attributed to the inappropriate instructional roles for which simulations are used. Two of the most promising roles of simulations in instruction are to: 1) establish a cognitive framework or structure to accommodate further learning in a related subject area, and 2) provide an opportunity for reinforcing, integrating and extending previously learned material. Thus, the effectiveness of a given simulation may depend upon when it is administered within an instructional sequence. The purpose of these two studies was to: 1) ascertain the value of a particular simulation to the learning of genetics principles, and 2) determine whether the position of the simulation, within the sequence of instructional events, altered its effectiveness. In both studies, students receiving the stimulation as a framework for understanding prior to formal classroom instruction scored sig...
Sex and Racial Differences in Color and Number Preferences

Summary.-582 undergraduates were asked to write down their favorite color and choose a number from 0 to 9. The color blue and the number seven were chosen most frequently by both sexes and races, supporting Simon's (1771) "blue-seven" phenomenon. Compared with women, men chose red and blue more frequently. Women showed a preference for yellow, purple, black, and less frequent colors more often than men. White subjects chose blue and green more often than black subjects, while black subjects showed a preference for red, purple, black, and less frequent colors. There was little relationship between color preferences and scores on the Luscher Color Test.
Esthetics: A Comparison of Dentists’ and Patients’ Concepts

When male and female patients, dental students, and dentists evaluated drawings and photographs of maxillary central incisors of varying shape, symmetry, and proportion, it was found that the preferences of dentists and patients differed significantly.
Optimizing photon-pair generation electronically using a p-i-n diode incorporated in a silicon microring resonator

Silicon photonic microchips may be useful for compact, inexpensive, room-temperature optically pumped photon-pair sources, which unlike conventional photon-pair generators based on crystals or optical fibers, can be manufactured using CMOS-compatible processes on silicon wafers. It has been shown that photon pairs can be created in simple structures such as microring resonators at a rate of a few hundred kilohertz using less than a milliwatt of optical pump power, based on the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing. To create a practical photon-pair source, however, also requires some way of monitoring the device and aligning the pump wavelength when the temperature varies, since silicon resonators are highly sensitive to temperature. In fact, monitoring photodiodes are standard components in classical laser diodes, but the incorporation of germanium or InGaAs photodiodes would raise the cost and fabrication complexity. Here, we present a simple and effective all-electronic technique for finding the opti...
Infant Brain Development in First 3 Months

Investigators at University of California, San Diego, and centers in Hawaii and Trondheim, Norway, examined structural growth trajectories and rates of change in the whole brain and regions of interest in infants during the first 3 months after birth.
Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review

Graphene, emerging as a true 2-dimensional material, has received increasing attention due to its unique physicochemical properties (high surface area, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization and mass production). This article selectively reviews recent advances in graphene-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In particular, graphene for direct electrochemistry of enzyme, its electrocatalytic activity toward small biomolecules (hydrogen peroxide, NADH, dopamine, etc.), and graphenebased enzyme biosensors have been summarized in more detail; Graphene-based DNA sensing and environmental analysis have been discussed. Future perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed.
Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community.

Abstract Objective To determine the variation in kidney stone composition and its association with risk factors and recurrence among first-time stone formers in the general population. Patients and Methods Medical records were manually reviewed and validated for symptomatic kidney stone episodes among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents from January 1, 1984, through December 31, 2012. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and the risk of symptomatic recurrence were compared between stone compositions. Results There were 2961 validated first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers. Stone composition analysis was obtained in 1508 (51%) at the first episode. Stone formers were divided into the following mutually exclusive groups: any brushite (0.9%), any struvite (0.9%), any uric acid (4.8%), and majority calcium oxalate (76%) or majority hydroxyapatite (18%). Stone composition varied with clinical characteristics. A multivariable model had a 69% probability of correctly estimating stone composition but assuming calcium oxalate monohydrate stone was correct 65% of the time. Symptomatic recurrence at 10 years was approximately 50% for brushite, struvite, and uric acid but approximately 30% for calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite stones ( P P for trend=.10). However, among calcium oxalate stones, 10-year recurrence rate ranged from 38% for 100% calcium oxalate dihydrate to 26% for 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate ( P for trend=.007). Conclusion Calcium stones are more common (93.5% of stone formers) than has been previously reported. Although clinical and laboratory factors associate with the stone composition, they are of limited utility for estimating stone composition. Rarer stone compositions are more likely to recur.
The Use of High-Dose Hydroxocobalamin for Vasoplegic Syndrome

We describe a case of hypotension on cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting, double valve repairs, and patent foramen ovale closure. The patient experienced vasoplegic syndrome while on cardiopulmonary bypass. He was treated with high-dose hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12). His blood pressure responded rapidly, obviating any further vasopressor requirements.
Escolas mistas, escolas normais: a coeducação e a feminização do magistério no século XIX

A presente discussao objetiva explorar aspectos historicos sobre o lugar da coeducacao no momento em que o magisterio primario passou da ocupacao majoritariamente masculina, em meados do seculo XIX, para a ocupacao feminina, no seculo XX. A educacao de meninas e a feminizacao do magisterio, ocorridas ainda no seculo XIX, sao analisadas no fluxo das reformas que aconteceram no final do seculo XIX e so podem ser entendidas a partir da ideia de modernizacao instaurada no pais, na transicao do seculo XIX para o seculo XX.
Grundy: Parallel Processor Architecture Makes Programming Easy

The hardware, software, and firmware of the parallel processor, Grundy, are examined. The Grundy processor uses a simple processor that has a totally orthogonal three-address instruction set. The system contains a relative and indirect processing mode to support the high-level language, and uses pseudoprocessors and read-only memory. The system supports high-level language in which arbitrary degrees of algorithmic parallelism is expressed. The functions of the compiler and invocation frame are described. Grundy uses an operating system that can be accessed by an arbitrary number of processes simultaneously, and the access time grows only as the logarithm of the number of active processes. Applications for the parallel processor are discussed.
Scientists are talking, but mostly to each other: a quantitative analysis of research represented in mass media

Journal publication has long been relied on as the only required communication of results, tasking journalists with bringing news of scientific discoveries to the public. Output of science papers increased 15% between 1990 and 2001, with total output over 650,000. But, fewer than 0.013—0.34% of papers gained attention from mass media, with health/medicine papers taking the lion’s share of coverage. Fields outside of health/medicine had an appearance rate of only 0.001—0.005%. In light of findings that show scientific literacy declining despite growing public interest and scientific output, this study attempts to show that reliance on journal publication and subsequent coverage by the media as the sole form of communication en masse is failing to communicate science to the public.
Noise Optimization and Monte Carlo Simulation of a PET Detector Based on Continuous LSO Crystal and Large-Area APDs

With the ever increasing demands for higher spatial resolution, sensitivity, and reduced cost in PET, various approaches ranging from using finer crystal arrays to using continuous crystals are being pursued. One such gamma-ray detector consisting of a continuous slab of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal coupled to large-area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on both sides had previously been conceived. Preliminary measurements indicated fair spatial resolution of <3 mm FWHM, but better performance was expected based on an analytical detector model. Studies towards improving and understanding the performance of the detector are a current focus with particular attention to minimizing electronics noise. In order to more realistically predict the performance of the detector as a function of electronic noise levels, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation utilizing DETECT2000 has been developed incorporating the reported light output and intrinsic resolution of the scintillator, the optical photon transport mechanism, the quantum efficiency of the APD, excess noise due to the APD gain process, and electronic noise. Preliminary results indicate that with optimized electronics, the achievable spatial resolution using simple Anger logic should be ~1 mm FWHM for interactions at a fixed point in the crystal.
Rule-based decision-making framework for knowledge-based anatomical landmark localization (K-BALL)

K-BALL is a general method for localization of anatomical phenomena of the same origin with natural discrepancies distributed over a reference space, e.g., human brain anatomical structures. In this paper, we focus on information analysis step (2nd step) of K-BALL during which landmarks extracted in its first step are evaluated. We provide a framework in which rules are automatically generated based on estimated and derived models. We show that the rules based on the derived models can improve the overall success rate of K-BALL. Each rule evaluates the extracted points by producing an intermediate confidence factor (ICNF). A total confidence factor is calculated using ICNF's to facilitate the acceptance or rejection of a set of points as landmarks of interest. Using the rules merely based on the estimated models, simulation study produced an overall success rate of 91.8%. Using the rules based on both of the estimated and derived models, this rate increased to 92.5%.
Inter-trial alignment of EEG data and phase-locking

Neuro-scientific studies are often aimed at imaging brain activity, which is time-locked to external stimuli. This provides the possibility to use statistical methods to extract even weak signal components, which occur with each stimulus. For electroencephalographic recordings this concept is limited by inevitable time jitter, which cannot be controlled in all cases. Our study is based on a cross-correlation analysis of trials to alignment trials based on the recorded data. This is demonstrated both with simulated signals and with clinical EEG data, which were recorded intracranially. Special attention is given to the evaluation of the time-frequency resolved phase-locking across multiple trails.
Material Properties of Diabetic Bone

Because areal bone mineral density and bone structure do not necessarily explain the elevated fracture risk that occurs with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), there is a need to understand how diabetes is possibly affecting the material properties of bone. Such apparent-level properties as modulus, strength, toughness, fatigue life, and fracture toughness are, by definition, independent of bone structure. They are measured from mechanical tests of uniform cortical bone specimens of known geometry or estimated from mechanical tests of rodent long bones in which the contribution of structure, as typically determined by micro-computed tomography (μCT), is factored out leaving the material contribution. There is a dearth of information about how diabetes affects the material properties of human bone, and so a working hypothesis is that diabetes affects bone similar to aging effects on bone but on a shorter time scale. If true, diabetes decreases post-yield toughness, the ability of bone to dissipate energy after the onset of damage, and fracture toughness, the ability of bone to resist crack propagation. In rodent studies measuring fracture resistance of bone, structural strength of cortical bone is consistently less for mice with T1D or T2D than for nondiabetic, control rodents. However, a difference in material strength of bone is not always statistically significant across studies suggesting strain, gender, age of diabetes onset, and duration of diabetes influence the degree to which there is a diabetes-related decrease in material strength. Likewise, a significant loss in bone toughness with diabetes appears to be dependent on the duration that the rodent was diabetic. Along with mechanical testing, indentation techniques are described because there is emerging evidence that diabetes affects tissue-level properties.
Access to Services in the Substance Abuse Treatment System

In view of the importance of type and intensity of services during substance abuse treatment, this chapter looks at treatment and support services that substance abuse clients have access to during treatment. Trends in services over recent years are described. Services available to clients in the current treatment system are reviewed. Several facility characteristics affecting access to services are examined. Different ways of defining access to services are discussed. Findings from the Alcohol and Drug Services Study are used to illustrate service patterns in the national substance abuse treatment system. Variations in service patterns by facility characteristics such as type of care, treatment setting, ownership, percent of facility dependence on public revenue, and level of affiliation are analyzed. The implication is that clients who enter into treatment at different types of facilities are likely to have access to certain types of services.
Membrane remodeling and mechanics: Experiments and simulations of α-Synuclein ☆

We review experimental and simulation approaches that have been used to determine curvature generation and remodeling of lipid bilayers by membrane-bending proteins. Particular emphasis is placed on the complementary approaches used to study α-Synuclein (αSyn), a major protein involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent cellular and biophysical experiments have shown that the protein 1) deforms the native structure of mitochondrial and model membranes; and 2) inhibits vesicular fusion. Today's advanced experimental and computational technology has made it possible to quantify these protein-induced changes in membrane shape and material properties. Collectively, experiments, theory and multi-scale simulation techniques have established the key physical determinants of membrane remodeling and rigidity: protein binding energy, protein partition depth, protein density, and membrane tension. Despite the exciting and significant progress made in recent years in these areas, challenges remain in connecting biophysical insights to the cellular processes that lead to disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Proteins edited by J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov.
An integrated architecture for OLAP and data mining

Data mining and online analysis processing (OLAP) are two complementary techniques for analysis of large amounts of data in data-warehouse environments to deal with decision-support queries. In this chapter we have examined the gap between these two techniques, and proposed a feedback sandwich model to combine OLAP and data mining. An integrated architecture has also been proposed. Our model and architecture differ from other proposals in that they take care of the overall process of OLAP and data mining, offer flexibility for both loosely-coupled and tightly-coupled combinations of OLAP and data mining (because no particular structure of the extended OLAP/data-mining engine is specified) and allow the feedback of discovered knowledge to enhance future OLAP/data mining. We hope that the opinions presented in this chapter will stimulate more research efforts on the integration of OLAP and data mining.
E2F1 Transcription Factor Regulates O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Expression

Protein O-GlcNAcylation, which is controlled by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), has emerged as an important posttranslational modification that may factor in multiple diseases. Until recently, it was assumed that OGT/OGA protein expression was relatively constant. Several groups, including ours, have shown that OGT and/or OGA expression changes in several pathologic contexts, yet the cis and trans elements that regulate the expression of these enzymes remain essentially unexplored. Here, we used a reporter-based assay to analyze minimal promoters and leveraged in silico modeling to nominate several candidate transcription factor binding sites in both Ogt (i.e. the gene for OGT protein) and Mgea5 (i.e. the gene for OGA protein). We noted multiple E2F binding site consensus sequences in both promoters. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation in both human and mouse cells and found that E2F1 bound to candidate E2F binding sites in both promoters. In HEK293 cells, we overexpressed E2F1, which significantly reduced OGT and MGEA5 expression. Conversely, E2F1-deficient mouse fibroblasts had increased Ogt and Mgea5 expression. Of the known binding partners for E2F1, we queried whether retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) might be involved. Rb1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed increased levels of Ogt and Mgea5 expression, yet overexpression of E2F1 in the Rb1-deficient cells did not alter Ogt and Mgea5 expression, suggesting that Rb1 is required for E2F1-mediated suppression. In conclusion, this work identifies and validates some of the promoter elements for mouse Ogt and Mgea5 genes. Specifically, E2F1 negatively regulates both Ogt and Mgea5 expression in an Rb1 protein-dependent manner.
Minimum Rank Generalized Subspace Updating Approach for Nonlinear Systems

An algorithm for analyzing a nonlinear system as an augmented linear system is presented. The method uses a nonlinear discrete model of the system and the form of the nonlinearities to create an augmented linear model of the system. A linear modal analysis technique that uses forcing that is known but not prescribed is then used to solve for the modal properties of the augmented linear system after the onset of damage. Due to the specialized form of the augmentation, nonlinear damage causes asymmetric damage in the updated matrices. A generalized minimum rank perturbation theory, which requires knowledge of both right and left eigenvectors, is developed to handle the asymmetric damage scenarios. The damage extent algorithm becomes an iterative process when an incomplete set of right eigenvectors are known. The method is demonstrated using numerical data from nonlinear 3-bay truss structures. Various damage scenarios of the nonlinear systems are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the augmentation and the generalized minimum rank perturbation theory, and the effect of random noise on the technique. The nonlinearities included in the 3-bay truss are cubic springs.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Concentration-dependent dynamics of hydrogen bonding between acetonitrile and methanol as determined by 1D vibrational spectroscopy.

Solutions of acetonitrile (MeCN) in methanol (MeOH) at various concentrations have been investigated by variable temperature Raman spectroscopy. In the ν(CN) region of the spectrum, the variable temperature spectra at each concentration show two overlapping bands from hydrogen bound and free MeCN. These two species undergo dynamic exchange that gives rise to increasing coalescence of the two bands with increasing temperature. By simulation of the band shape, the rate of exchange was determined at each temperature. Arrhenius plots yielded values for the activation energy, Ea, and the natural log of the pre-exponential factor, ln[A/s–1], for the hydrogen bond formation/cleavage. Both of these dynamic parameters were found to depend on the relative amounts of MeCN and MeOH in the solutions. In particular, two different concentration regimes of dynamic hydrogen bonding were observed. First, at low MeCN concentration, the dynamics are largely independent of changes in MeCN concentration. Second, at higher MeCN...
Robin M. Williams, Jr. lecture, 1995—dominant and subdominant people of power: A new way of conceptualizing minority and majority populations

L'A. examine l'oeuvre de R. M. Williams. Il montre que la Cour Supreme des Etats-Unis s'est servie de ses analyses pour evaluer les politiques mise en place dans ce pays pour lutter contre les discriminations raciales en matiere d'education. Il souligne que cette perspective a inspire les revendications du mouvement pour les droits civiques. Il evalue la litterature sociologique parue aux Etats-Unis dans les annees 1960 concernant les dicriminations raciales et s'efforce de comprendre pourquoi les sociologues americains n'ont pas ete a meme de predire le mouvement pour les droits civiques
The effect of the number of coupon and element tests on conservativeness

Structural elements, such as stiffened panels are designed based on material strength data obtained from coupon tests, with a failure theory that generalizes 1D stress failure to 3D stress field. Variability in material properties is captured by dozens of coupon tests, but there remains epistemic uncertainty due to error in a failure theory, which is reduced by element tests. However, the uncertainties are not completely removed by tests because the number of structural tests is finite. Therefore designs of structural elements require conservative estimate of the failure stress of structural elements to compensate the remaining uncertainties. Consequently, the design weight is a function of the number of coupon and element tests. A key question, addressed here, is whether it is more important to increase the number of coupon tests or element tests if we want to design light structures by reducing the remaining uncertainty in failure prediction. A convolution approach that allows efficient estimation of the combined uncertainty from coupon tests and the failure theory is developed. Then the methodology is applied to typical values of the variability in material properties (COV 7%) and the error in the failure theory (±5% and ±1%). It is found that the uncertainty in failure theory dominates for the case of having ±5% error, so that increasing the number of element tests is more effective than increasing the number of coupon tests. However, for the case of having small ±1% errors, the number of element tests has similar influence to that the number of coupon tests.
The Effect of Composition, Morphology, and Susceptibility on Nonlinear Light Scattering from Metallic and Dielectric Nanoparticles

To facilitate second-harmonic light scattering as an effective tool for sensing and imaging nanoparticles, a fundamental understanding of how particle properties affect the nonlinear light scatteri...
Characteristics of Colloids in Landfill Leachate

Colloidal material in landfill leachate were separated and fractionated in size fractions. Analyses were performed to obtain the mass, elemental composition, and pollutants associated with the colloids in each fractions. The stabilization mechanism of the colloids is studied to evaluate their mobility potential.
Analyzing Character Variation in Geographic Space

Geographic variation analysis (GVA) and numerical taxonomy have become intimately related. The analysis of single variables distributed over geographic space preceded the development of modern numerical taxonomy. But with the introduction of multivariate statistical techniques into GVA, the two areas began to approach each other until today they intergrade smoothly. Multivariate analysis for designs of k population samples, each based on p variables, permits the computation of multiple discriminant functions, Mahalanobis’ generalized distance, and canonical variate analysis, among others. Such techniques result in distance matrices among locality samples which can be treated by the techniques of numerical taxonomy. If phenetic resemblances of locality samples correspond to their spatial proximities, the former could be interpreted in terms of their spatial relationships and of the evolutionary processes that operate in the spatial context. Numerical taxonomic techniques also include regional clustering, i.e., phenetic clustering with the clusters subject to additional spatial constraints--a useful technique for GVA. Finally, numerical taxonomic techniques serve as data-analytic tools in multivariate and multivariable approaches to GVA--without the controversy attending their use in classification.
The transatlantic gaze: Italian cinema, American film

In 2001, the American filmmaker Martin Scorsese released My Voyage to Italy, a documentary about the influence of Italian cinema on his own work. Yet, despite an acknowledgement of the importance o...
Direct chip attach

Direct Chip Attach commonly references a technique in which the chip is attached directly to the organic laminate. This paper deals with the general requirements for the printed circuit laminate on which a flip chip with controlled callapse chip connection (C 4 ) is directly attached. One of the key requirements is to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of the laminate. This paper also shows the calculated results for laminates made with fibers and resins whose material constants are realizable today, and concludes that it is possible to make low-expansion laminates suitable for direct chip attach.
Knowledge,attitude,and practice (KAP) related to leprosy and effectiveness evaluation of health education intervention among residents in Ningbo City

Objective To investigate knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) associated with leprosy and to evaluate the effectiveness of health education program among urban residents in Ningbo City.Methods Totally 100 people from two communities in Fenghua City and Yinzhou District were randomly selected and interviewed face-to-face with the designed questionnaire.All collected information was recorded with EpiData 3.0 and finally analyzed using SPSS16.0.Results Before health education,of all the participants,16.0% were willing to contact with leprosy patients under treatment,33.0% willing to contact with the leprosy patients' relatives,34% believed that the leprosy patients could get married after cure,and 80% wanted to know more about the basic knowledge regarding leprosy prevention and control.While after the education program,the corresponding percentages increased to 36%(P=0.001),62%(P0.001),75%(P0.001) and 89%(P0.01),respectively.Conclusion Health education is helpful for improving people's basic knowledge of leprosy,and could be one of the important measures for leprosy prevention and control.
Prognosis in Early Carcinoma of the Bladder Based on Chromosomal Analysis

AbstractIn 53 cases of non-invasive or submucosal invasive well differentiated carcinoma of the bladder observed for 4 to 101 months cytogenetic analysis by the direct technique (non-culture) has been performed repeatedly. Markers, abnormal chromosomes, have been found in 33 patients and recurrence has developed in 32 of these 33 patients, resulting in 9 deaths. All but 1 of the 20 patients without markers have been observed for up to 8 years and have remained free of recurrence. In this 1 recurrence, 8 months post-diagnosis, the mode changed from 69 to 92, evidence of dedifferentiation and development of a new tumor in a bladder prone to neoplasia.Based on our over-all cytogenetic experience with 165 patients with carcinoma of the bladder a simplified classification is presented. This classification, built on measurable characteristics of early carcinoma, including the presence or absence of marker chromosomes, allows accurate prognostication and, thus, provides the foundation for development of standard...
Accurate form-factor computation

Publisher Summary The radiosity method for diffuse environments expresses the energy transfer between a source patch and a receiving patch. Lying at the core of the radiosity formulation, the accurate computation of form factors plays an important role in determining the quality of the radiosity solution. This chapter presents a simple algorithm for the computation of accurate form factors. The algorithm computes the form factor between a finite-area polygonal source and a differential area on a receiving patch and can be used directly within the progressive refinement radiosity method. When partial occlusion occurs, approximating the visibility term with a constant function might result in a poor estimate of the form factor. The case of partial occlusion deserves more care. If the unoccluded analytical form factor falls within the ∈F tolerance, then the radiosity contribution cannot possibly be larger than the desired accuracy ∈B and is estimated by the product of the visibility factor V and the computed unoccluded form factor.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine: An Adolescent Female Student with Severe Abdominal Pain.

Abdominal pain is a common chief complaint encountered by school nurses. This article explains the etiology of abdominal pain in children and adolescents, describes the office assessment, and delin...
A Prescriptive Eclectic Approach to Psychotherapy Training

The purpose of this article is to outline a prescriptive eclectic model of psychotherapy training. We begin with an overview of our approach to integration and describe our current efforts in training psychotherapists. Ten core, research-based principles for facilitating psychotherapist development are then advanced. We conclude by presenting two ideal models—depending on the consensus and control of the training faculty—for preparing integrative therapists.
Arteriography of the hand and wrist.

SUMMARY Arteriography of the hand is a specialized area of angiography that has unfortunately received little attention from angiographers and surgeons. Proper attention to techniques and an awareness of the unique manifestations of disease in the upper extremity maximize the clinical benefit gained when hand arteriography is indicated.
An investigation of the effectiveness of the division of corporate finance as a monitor of financial reporting

Abstract This study investigates whether the Securities and Exchange Commission's Division of Corporate Finance (DCF) allocates resources toward public companies that investors perceive as having poor financial reporting quality. Resource allocation within the DCF is an important topic given the SEC's overall mission to improve disclosures and protect investors. The findings are consistent with the DCF being more likely to allocate resources toward firms that market participants perceive as having poor financial reporting quality.
Solubility of aluminium and silicon in acidified spodosols: Evidence for soluble aluminosilicate

The speciation of soluble Al, particularly estimation of the concentration of the highly phytotoxic Al3+ ion, is problematic in acid mineral soils. This investigation examines the possibility that soluble Al may be complexed with silica in spodosols, creating an error in most methods for estimating free Al3+. Spodosol samples from the Adirondack region of New York were equilibrated either in the natural state at field moisture capacity, or after the addition of a range of strong acid concentrations. Labile and total Al were determined in the soil solutions by the 8-hydroxyquinoline complexation method, while soluble Si was determined by a procedure which estimates monomeric Si(OH)4.
Abstract WP270: Myeloid P2X4 Receptor Deletion Confers Neuroprotection in Females but not in Males After Experimental Stroke

Objective: Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. A growing body of literature from both clinical and experimental studies suggests that the outcomes after stroke differ in males versus females. Peripheral immune cells play a key role in stroke outcomes and also show sexual dimorphism. However, general immunosuppression has not shown an overall benefit in stroke patients. Therefore, identifying novel targets to improve stroke outcomes are urgently needed. P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) and P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are the predominant subtypes expressed on immune and neural cells. The P2X7R and P2X4R interact and may physically associate with each other. Recent evidence demonstrates that P2X4R is necessary for the pro-inflammatory function of P2X7R. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that genetic deletion of P2X4R in myeloid immune cells impacts on stroke outcome and that such outcome differs in males vs. female mice. Methods: P2X4R myeloid knockout mice and wild type littermates of both sexes (∼20-25g; C57BL/6), were randomized and subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO-90min) followed by 3 days of reperfusion. At 72h after stroke mice were perfused and infarcts were quantified from 30μicron cut cresyl violet stained sections. The effect of myeloid P2X4R deletion on chronic functional recovery was assessed with neurological scores, corner test, Open field and the novel object recognition test. Data are expressed as mean±sem. ANOVA was performed and a P Results: A significant neuroprotective effect is seen in P2X4R KO compared to WT females (Cortex 36.1±1.5 vs 27.5±4.7; Striatum 67.4±1.5 vs 56.3±7.0; Total 34.8±1.6 vs 26.9±2.8. P Conclusions: There is a sex-specific effect of immune cell P2X4R deletion. Myeloid specific deletion of P2X4R protects females from ischemia/reperfusion injury but has no salutary effect in males. This is the first study to demonstrate a deleterious effect of myeloid P2X4R on stroke outcomes. These initial findings implicate myeloid P2X4 as a novel therapeutic approach to improve ischemic outcomes in females.
Synchronized audio capture with an array of mobile devices

This paper presents and evaluates approaches for synchronizing audio recordings in a system composed of mobile devices and cloud technologies. The proposed peak alignment approach, which uses a high decidable sound as a reference signal, is evaluated against an approach using a global clock made available by the cloud provider. Both approaches are evaluated with respect to variation and distance from the source sound and the size of the mobile device array.