cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Socrates questions Gorgias: The rhetorical vector of Plato's “Gorgias”

This essay argues that Plato's “Gorgias,” a dialogue lauding dialectic over rhetoric, uses a question-and-answer format as a heuristic of argument. Specific observations are advanced to explain the implications of Plato's techniques and to provide a more sensitive understanding of the process by which sought to gain the adherence of his readers.
NOVEL GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS IN PEDIATRIC MITOCHONDRIAL TRIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN DEFICIENCY. • 606

NOVEL GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS IN PEDIATRIC MITOCHONDRIAL TRIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN DEFICIENCY. • 606
Conceptualizing age-friendly community characteristics in a sample of urban elders: An exploratory factor analysis

Accurate conceptualization and measurement of age-friendly community characteristics would help to reduce barriers to documenting the effects on elders of interventions to create such communities. This article contributes to the measurement of age-friendly communities through an exploratory factor analysis of items reflecting an existing US Environmental Protection Agency policy framework. From a sample of urban elders (n = 1,376), we identified 6 factors associated with demographic and health characteristics: access to business and leisure, social interaction, access to health care, neighborhood problems, social support, and community engagement. Future research should explore the effects of these factors across contexts and populations.
Wound healing complications in closed and open calcaneal fractures.

ObjectivesTo determine the rate of serious infection in closed and open calcaneal fractures that were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) via an extensile lateral approach.DesignRetrospective review.SettingLevel 1 trauma center.PatientsTwo groups of patients with calcaneal fract
Making the Case for Random Access Scheduling in Wireless Multi-hop Networks

This paper formally establishes that random access scheduling schemes, and, more specifically CSMA-CA, yields exceptionally good performance in the context of wireless multihop networks. While it is believed that CSMA-CA performs significantly worse than optimal, this belief is usually based on experiments that use rate allocation mechanisms which grossly underutilize the available capacity that random access provides. To establish our thesis we compare the max-min rate allocation achieved by CSMA-CA and optimal in multi-hop topologies and find that: (i) CSMA-CA is never worse than 16% of the optimal when ignoring physical layer constraints, (ii) in any realistic topology with geometric constraints due to the physical layer, CSMA-CA is never worse than 30% of the optimal. Considering that maximal scheduling achieves much lower bounds than the above, and greedy maximal scheduling, which is one of the best known distributed approximation of an optimal scheduler, achieves similar worst case bounds, CSMA-CA is surprisingly efficient.
Neutron activation analysis as a method for measuring soil removal of unsaturated oils and for estimating their degree of aging on fabric

Neutron activation analysis of bromine-tagged oils on fabric provides a quantitative method for evaluating the degree of aging of unsaturated oils on fabric as well as a new method for measuring their soil removal by estimating the quantity of double bonds, before and after laundering. When aged at 21°C for 5 wk, 62, 63, and 20% of double bonds remained for oleic acid, triolein, and squalene, respectively. At 40°C, no double bonds were left after aging of oleic acid and triolein, whereas about 8% of the double bonds remained for squalene. A comparison of this method with the radiotracer method for soil removal measurements shows good agreement between the two methods. Proper treatment time for bromine tagging of unsaturated oils on fabric is any time between 90 s and 10 min under the bromination procedure used. The tagging of double bonds by bromine vapor has advantages of the exact one-to-one reaction ratio between Br2 and the number of double bonds of unsaturated oleic acid or triolein, as well as a much lower cost than other tagging reagents like OsO4. Because blank unsoiled fabric was shown to take up Br2, fabric swatches of the same size should be used as controls in neutron activation analysis. This method has advantages of its sensitivity to small amounts, use of nonlabeled soil, quantitative measurement, and ease of sample preparation over the chemical measurement of iodine value.
Developing disaster survivor resiliency: the home away from home

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of psychological resiliency for evacuated disaster survivors and the possible implementation of a concept known as homes away from home aimed at fostering such resiliency.Design/methodology/approach – To address the topic of resiliency in evacuated disaster survivors, first an evacuation scenario is explored. The scenario is followed by a discussion of disaster psychology, resiliency, and a development of the homes away from home concept.Findings – The development of an evacuated disaster survivor's individual and community resiliency shows promise as an effective means of mitigating the psychological damage of a disaster or terrorist attack. The implementation of the homes away from home concept, designed to foster such resiliency in emergency shelters could be effective.Practical implications – Incorporating accommodations for the development of individual and community psychological resiliency in emergency shelters in emergency operatio...
Statistical timing analysis using bounds and selective enumeration

The growing impact of within-die process variation has created the need for statistical timing analysis, where gate delays are modeled as random variables. Statistical timing analysis has traditionally suffered from exponential run time complexity with circuit size, due to the dependencies created by reconverging paths in the circuit. In this paper, we propose a new approach to statistical timing analysis which uses statistical bounds and selective enumeration to refine these bounds. First, we provide a formal definition of the statistical delay of a circuit and derive a statistical timing analysis method from this definition. Since this method for finding the exact statistical delay has exponential run time complexity with circuit size, we also propose a new method for computing statistical bounds which has linear run time complexity. We prove the correctness of the proposed bounds. Since we provide both a lower and upper bound on the true statistical delay, we can determine the quality of the bounds. If the computed bounds are not sufficiently close to each other, we propose the use of a heuristic to iteratively improve the bounds using selective enumeration of the sample space with additional run time. The proposed methods were implemented and tested on benchmark circuits. The results demonstrate that the proposed bounds have only a small error, which could be further reduced using selective enumeration with modest additional run time.
Publicly funded scientific entrepreneurs are not entitled to profit from their discoveries

Much of the basic and applied research that is carried out in the United States is funded by the federal government and takes place in university centres. The results of this research serve as a knowledge base for private enterprise. This arrangement is intended to benefit the public by the introduction of new goods and services and to benefit private enterprise by the profits it derives from such goods and services. What sustains this arrangement is the existence of laws and legal transactions which recognize claims concerning licences, patents and private property. Private Property The modern view of private property emerged in the 17th century. It is best illustrated by John Locke's classic formulation. "Though the earth and all inferior creatures be common to all men, yet every man has a property in his own person; this nobody has any right to but himself. The labour of his body and the work of his hands we may say are properly his. Whatsoever, then, he removes out of the state that nature both provided and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property. It being by him removed from the common state nature placed it in, it hath by this labour something annexed to it that excludes the common right of other men" (Locke, 1971: 22). Locke's views were based on his belief in natural rights, foremost of which is the right to property. Civil government is a fiduciary trust created by a social contract for the protection of natural rights. Locke's natural rights and social contract theory were completely rejected by Utilitarianism. Its founder, Jeremy Bentham, dismissed natural rights as "nonsense on stilts." Yet, this rejection of major elements of Locke's theory did not include the labour theory of property. The Utilitarian John Stuart Mill observed that, "Private property, in every defence made of it, is supposed to mean, the guarantee to individuals of the fruits of their own labour and abstinence" (Mill, 1893). With the notable exception of the Marxists, who use labour theory to attack the institution of private
Follow-up study of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks treated with tricyclic antidepressants

One hundred and seven patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were studied 1-4 years after treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant. At follow-up more than 80% of the patients remained symptomatic but fewer than half were experiencing panic attacks and only 40% were avoiding phobic situations. Although patients with agoraphobia were more severely ill and had been ill longer than those with panic disorder, their response to tricyclics and eventual outcome was similar to that for patients with panic disorder. Panic and agoraphobic patients who had the most severe symptoms initially showed the least improvement. The results suggest that panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks are variants of a single illness and that, despite its chronicity, this illness has a favorable outcome.
Volcanism in the eastern Aleutian arc: Late quaternary and holocene centers, tectonic setting and petrology

Abstract Cale-alkaline volcanism and oceanic plate subduction are intimately linked in the eastern Aleutian arc. The volcanic arc is segmented: larger caldera-forming volcanic centers tend to be located near segment boundaries. Intrasegment volcanoes form smaller stratocones. Ten of the 22 volcanoes that make up the 540 km long volcanic front in the eastern Aleutian are have erupted in recorded history and another six show hydothermal activity. The geometry of the Benioff zone in the eastern Aleutian arc has been defined by earthquake data from a local, high-gain short-period seismograph network. The Benioff zone dips at an angle of about 45° beneath the volcanic arc and reaches a maximum depth of 200 km. Based on the alignment of volcanoes, the eastern Aleutain arc can be subdivided into two main segments, the Cook and Katmai segments. A misorientation of 35° of the two segments reflects a change in strike of the underlying Benioff zone and implies a lateral warping of the subducting plate. The Cook segment volcanoes line up closely on the 100 km isobath of the Benioff zone. The Katmai segment volcanoes lie on a cross-cutting trend with respect to the strike of the underlying Benioff zone. Depths to the dipping seismic zone beneath volcanoes of the Katmai segment vary by 25% from 100 to 75 km. In the Katmai segment there is also good geophysical evidence that crustal tectonics plays an important role in localizing volcanism. Narrowly spaced linear groups of volcanoes appear to be positioned over a deep crustal fault that underlies the volcanic front. Transverse arc elements divide the arc into subsegments and localize larger magma reservoirs at shallow levels in the crust. Intrasegment volcanoes in both the Cook and Katmai segments erupt andesite and minor dacite of remarkably uniform composition despite differences in depths to the Benioff zone. Segment boundary volcanoes erupt lavas with a wider range of compositions (basalt to rhyolite) but are still calc-alkaline, in contrast to volcanoes in similar tectonic settings near segment boundaries in the central Aleutains. Greater crustal thickness in the eastern Aleutian arc, coupled with structural traps in the crust, allow magma ponding at shallow crustal levels. Differentiation at shallow depths yields dacite and even rhyolite.
The cost-effectiveness of routine type and screen admission testing for expected vaginal delivery

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of routine admission type and screen testing for expected vaginal delivery. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in patients transfused with blood during an admission that anticipated a vaginal delivery over a 3-year period, at Hutzel Hospital, in Detroit, Michigan. Results: Of 16,291 patients admitted for an expectant vaginal delivery, 76 (.47%) (95% confidence interval [CI] .37%, .58%) required blood transfusion during the time of their admission. Medical records of these 76 patients were evaluated as to urgency and risk factors. Most of the blood transfusions were related to previously identified risk factors, including previous postpartum hemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, previous cesarean delivery, abruptio placentae, and admission anemia. Four patients received an urgent blood transfusion without a previously identifiable risk factor. We found an overall urgent blood transfusion rate without admission risk factors to be 2.5 per 10,000 vaginal deliveries (95% CI .9 per 10,000, 6.3 per 10,000) Conclusion: Routine admission type and screen testing for an expected normal vaginal delivery does not seem to enhance patient care and should be eliminated for patients without substantial risk factors. In the rare event that a patient without a previously identified risk factor required an urgent blood transfusion, O negative blood could be given in the interim pending formal type and cross match.
Glass flake reinforced composites as optical materials

The optical properties of glass flake composites are investigated by measuring the transmission of collections of flakes in index matched oils over a wide temperature range. For large refractive index differences between glass and matrix, the transmission is periodic with temperature and is interpreted as Fresnel diffraction from a transparent edge. For small refractive index differences, the Rayleigh-Gans (RG) light scattering theory for thin circular disks is used to correlate the data. A model is developed for predicting the flake size and concentration necessary in a particular polymer matrix for the resulting composite to meet given temperature dependent haze requirements.
Learning by ostentation for robotic assembly

A machine-learning technique is used to enable a robot, consisting of a vision system and a manipulator arm, to learn by observation, and then perform, a variety of block-stacking assembly operations. The robot can perform these tasks in spite of variation of the initial locations of the blocks, imprecision in its movements, and initial uncertainty about its camera location and arm geometry. Important aspects of this work are how continuous phenomena are perceived and mapped into discrete representations, and how the arm and camera are coordinated with each other.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Amplifier Design for RF Signal Power Detection via Electro-Thermal Coupling

A differential temperature sensor for on-chip signal and DC power monitoring is presented for built-in testing and calibration applications. The amplifiers in the sensor are designed with class AB output stages to extend the dynamic range of the temperature/power measurements. Two high-gain amplification stages are used to achieve high sensitivity to temperature differences at points close to devices under test. Designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the sensor has a simulated sensitivity that is tunable up to 210 mV/°C with a corresponding dynamic range of 13 °C. The sensor consumes 2.23 mW from a 1.8 V supply. A low-power version of the sensor was designed that consumes 1.125 mW from a 1.8 V supply, which has a peak sensitivity of 185.7 mV/°C over a 8 °C dynamic range.
Roflumilast in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of roflumilast—the first in a new class of agents for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)—are reviewed. Summary Roflumilast (Daliresp, Forest Pharmaceuticals) is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor that targets inflammatory cells involved in triggering COPD exacerbations. The only PDE-4 inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration, roflumilast is available in 500-μg tablets to be administered once daily. In six placebo-controlled trials involving nearly 4500 patients with COPD of varying severity, the use of roflumilast was associated with reduced COPD exacerbations and improved lung function, as determined by spirometry, with the greatest benefits observed in patients with severe COPD who had chronic bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations; clinical efficacy was demonstrated in patients receiving roflumilast alone as well as those receiving concomitant inhaled long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) therapy. The most common adverse events in clinical trials of roflumilast were diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Weight loss and an increased risk of psychiatric events have also been reported in association with roflumilast use. As roflumilast is rapidly converted to its active metabolite via cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzymes, coadministration with strong CYP inducers is not recommended. Research to better define roflumilast’s role in COPD management, including a study to determine whether it confers additive benefits when used in combination with standard inhaled therapies other than LABAs, is ongoing. Conclusion Roflumilast is a safe and effective option for controlling COPD exacerbations in a defined subset of patients for whom the available treatment alternatives are very limited.
Mild hypothermia: Its effect on cardiac output and regional perfusion in the neonatal piglet

Cardiac output and regional perfusion was measured in neonatal piglets using radionuclide labeled microspheres. Measurements made at normal core body temperature (38–39.5°C) were compared to those obtained after a 4–5°C reduction in temperature. There is a significant reduction in cardiac output and in the myocardial, renal, pancreatic, and adrenal blood flow. The separated layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall are subject to varying decreases in blood flow. The mucosa of the distal small intestine demonstrated the most significant decreases in blood flow during mild hypothermia.
Recursive computation of certain derivatives&a study of error propagation

A brief study is made of the propagation of errors in linear first-order difference equations. The recursive computation of successive derivatives of ex/x and (cos x)/x is considered as an llustration.
The decomposition of ethanol vapour by infrared radiation from a pulsed HF-laser

Abstract The decomposition of ethanol vapour induced by infrared radiation from a pulsed HF-laser has been studied as a function of pressure. At high pressures, above 10 torr, the main primary processes appear to be: C 2 H 5 OH → H 2 + CH 3 CHO, C 2 H 5 OH → C 2 H 4 + H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH → CH 3 + CH 2 OH in a ratio of 3:2:1 which is independent of pressure. At low pressures the process yielding C 2 H 4 and H 2 O becomes dominant. The results suggest that the high pressure behaviour involves a “thermal” decomposition with collisional processes dominating, whereas at low pressures the decomposition is due to multiple photon absorption which at the lowest pressures approaches a collision-free unimolecular decomposition.
Advocate or adversary?: The self‐reflexive roles of media messages for health

(1996). Advocate or adversary?: The self‐reflexive roles of media messages for health. Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 266-278.
Unexplained reduced microbiological efficacy of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G and of oral penicillin V in eradication of group a streptococci from children with acute pharyngitis.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of oral penicillin V and intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in eradicating group A streptococci from the upper respiratory tract. Methodology. Two randomized, single-blind, multicenter antibiotic efficacy trials in children using recommended doses of either oral penicillin V or intramuscular BPG for treatment of acute-onset pharyngitis associated with isolation of group A streptococci were conducted. Throat examinations and cultures were obtained at enrollment and on days 5 to 8, 10 to 14, and 29 to 31. Results. Thirty-five percent of 284 evaluable patients treated with oral penicillin V and 37% of BPG-treated patients were microbiologic treatment failures at either 10 to 14 or 29 to 31 days. Conclusions. Although these findings do not provide sufficient evidence to change current treatment recommendations or public health policy, important questions are raised about currently recommended penicillin doses, about the role of the carrier state, and possibly about adequate bioavailability of intramuscular BPG. These findings require confirmation.
Is Teaching Neoclassical Economics as "the" Science of Economics Moral?.

It is argued that the teaching of neoclassical theory violates moral principles unless each and every attribute of neoclassical theory is proven superior to the corresponding attributes of competing theories.
VIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED 2A2U-1 PHOTOIONIZATION OF C6F6

Abstract We report vibrationally resolved results on 2a 2u −1 photoionization of C 6 F 6 . Vibrational branching ratios are determined for the ring breathing mode by measuring dispersed fluorescence spectra of the C 6 F 6 + ( B 2 A 2 u → X 2 E 1 g ) transition. Data are presented in the excitation energy range from 20 to 35 eV, and the vibrational branching ratios show a striking departure from Franck–Condon behavior from 20 to 25 eV. This deviation is attributed to a shape resonance.
A factorization of the scattering matrix for the Schrödinger equation and for the wave equation in one dimension

For the one‐dimensional Schrodinger equation with a potential decaying at both ends of the real axis, the scattering matrix of the potential is given explicitly in terms of the scattering matrices corresponding to the fragments of this potential. A similar result also holds for the wave equation in a nonhomogeneous, nondispersive medium, where the wave speed has the same asymptotics at both ends of the real line.
Comment on the “Effect of strain and impurities on the ultrasonic attenuation in superconducting tin”

Abstract This letter comments on recent studies by Chaudhuri and Jain of deviations from BCS behavior in the temperature dependence of the compressional wave ultrasonic attenuation in Sn at low frequencies (∼10 MHz). Evidence is given here that the deviations from the expected temperature dependence are due to the total defect structure in the crystal and not due to point defects alone or to large changes in energy gap as was suggested.
Analytic target cascading in simulation-based building design

This article presents a rigorous simulation-based optimization framework that enables concurrent and consistent decision-making in building design. Analytical Target Cascading (ATC), a multi-level engineering design optimization framework, is extended to thermal and HVAC design in buildings. The framework facilitates computational decision support for meeting building performance goals, allows autonomy of specialized design tasks with timely and efficient use of analysis tools, and preserves dependencies between possibly competing building performance goals. A pilot application demonstrates how ATC functions in the context of building design. Relevance and benefits of this hierarchical optimization approach to multi-criteria building performance problems are also discussed.
Application of chromatography to the analysis of phosphate compounds in small biopsy tissue samples in different experimental conditions.

Abstract Biochemical analysis of tissue biopsy samples for evaluation of the phosphate compounds of metabolism has been limited to a large tissue sample size, and thus, repeated biopsies on the same animal or patient are too difficult to obtain. We report here the use of the Bessman analyzer: anion exchange chromatography followed by automatic phosphorus analysis on small tissue samples. The method described here enables the repetitive measurement of high-energy phosphate compounds (ATP, ADP, AMP, creatine phosphate (CP)), inorganic phosphorus (P i ), sugar phosphorus (glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate), and inosine monophosphate (IMP), an indicator of adequate biopsy processing and sample preparation. The data also emphasize the importance of adequate oxygenation of the experimental animal or patient. This method is easy to apply in almost any clinically oriented research laboratory for the study of needle biopsies from human and animal tissues and permits a more convenient and complete investigation of the high-energy phosphate compounds of intermediary metabolism than do the methods of firefly luminescence or the multiple, NAD-linked enzymatic systems required for the necessary sensitivity.
Energy balance of ice streams

Analysis of the cross-flow transmission of force from the central parts of a well-lubricated ice stream to its margins shows that there is a corresponding shift in the lateral location of motion-induced heat generation. The rate of basal heat generation in the center can be substantially smaller than the local rate of potential energy loss given by driving stress times the speed of downslope motion. The basal heating is a maximum for an intermediate level of lubrication for which speed is about 40% of the speed over a friction-less bed and base stress is about 25% of the driving stress. Stable and unstable balances between meltwater production and drainage on the bed are identified. A stable steady state with a speed less (more) than that giving maximum heat generation is termed drainage-(production-) limited, since an increase in speed would lead to increased (decreased) basal melting and must (need not) be balanced by increased drainage. It is shown that gradual evolution of the basal water drainage system and the factors affecting basal melting can cause discontinuous jumps between fast- and slow-moving states. A simplified analysis applied to six cross-sections of West Antarctic Ice Streams B, D, E and Rutford Ice Stream shows them to be diverse in the level of support from the sides and corresponding shift of mechanical heating sideward from their central parts. The cross-sections of Ice Stream B near “Upstream B” may be production-limited, because of especially high lubrication and related support from the sides. Cross-sections in the upper part of Ice Stream D, Ice Stream E and Rutford Ice Stream are in a drainage-limited condition. Substantial reduction of basal heat generation by side drag (in most cases) and expected high heat flow into the basal ice associated with low thickness (in some cases) tends to favor basal freezing. Nevertheless, all of the examined cross-sections except one are expected to experience basal melting with a modest geothermal heat-flux density of 60 m W m−1 or less in some cases. The lower part of Ice Stream B is an exception, where the analysis indicates that geothermal flux density must exceed 80–100 m W−1 m to maintain melting. If this high geothermal flux is not present, then the base of the lower part of Ice Stream B may be freezing, which would suggest continued deceleration of this part of Ice Stream B.
An examination of the relationship between searching behavior and searcher background

Five groups of searchers each performed two of four pre‐selected searches on the DIALOG system using ONTAP, the 1975 subset of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) database. The groups were novices, moderately experienced searchers without ERIC experience, moderately experienced searchers with ERIC experience, very experienced searchers without ERIC experience, and very experienced searchers with ERIC experience. Data were collected on the education, online training, online experience, institutional setting, and personal characteristics of the rearchers. Variables that describe the search process (e.g. number of commands used) and variables that describe the outcome of searches (e.g. recall) were measured by examination of the search transcripts. The results showed that, compared to the experienced subjects, the novices performed surprisingly well. Although, as a group, they searched more slowly than the experienced subjects and scored lower on most (but not all) outcome measures, the differences were not as great as might be expected. Three meaningful patterns were identified among the experienced subjects' searches: (1) the group with the greatest overall experience and the greatest ERIC database experience achieved the highest recall and had the highest values of a subset of search process variables designated ‘search effort’ variables (e.g. number of commands and descriptors, connect time); (2) in general, the moderately experienced searchers with ERIC experience performed the briefest, most cost effective searches (when cost effectiveness is measured in terms of time per relevant reference retrieved). This pattern is attributed to the fact that 75 percent of this group work in academic libraries that charge individual users for online connect time. In this situation pressure to keep costs low appears to be great; (3) the subjects with ERIC experience used more thesaurus terms than the subjects without ERIC experience. The subjects without ERIC experience tended to prefer free text to thesaurus terms. In regard to outcome, only slight evidence was found to support the hypothesis that ERIC database experience leads to greater success in searching.
Tunable Bandpass Filter Based on Partially Magnetized Ferrite LTCC With Embedded Windings for SoP Applications

Tunable filters that are based on ferrite materials often require large and bulky electromagnets. In this work, we present a tunable filter in the Ku-band, which is realized in multilayer ferrite LTCC substrate with embedded bias windings, thus negating the need of a large electromagnet. Also, because of the embedded windings, the bias fields are not lost at the air-substrate interface and therefore the field and current requirements are reduced by an order of magnitude as compared to the previously reported filters. A simulation strategy that uses full permeability tensor with arbitrarily directed magnetic fields has been used to model the filter on a partially magnetized ferrite substrate. Special attention has also been paid to approximate the non-uniform magneto-static fields produced by the embedded windings. The complete design is implemented in 10 layers of ferrite LTCC, making it the first magnetically tunable filter with embedded windings and extremely small size [(5 $\, \times \,$ 5 $\, \times \,1.1$ ) $ {\rm mm}^{3}$ ]. The filter demonstrates a measured tunability of 4% and an insertion loss of 2.3 dB. With the small form factor, embedded windings, and low bias requirements, the design is highly suitable for compact and tunable SoP applications.
NK-cell activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity induced by rituximab-coated target cells is inhibited by the C3b component of complement

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement fixation both appear to play a role in mediating antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including rituximab. We evaluated the relationship between rituximab-induced complement fixation, natural killer (NK)–cell activation, and NK cell–mediated ADCC. Down-modulation of NK- cell CD16 and NK-cell activation induced by rituximab-coated target cells was blocked by human serum but not heat-inactivated serum. This inhibition was also observed in the absence of viable target cells. C1q and C3 in the serum were required for these inhibitory effects, while C5 was not. An antibody that stabilizes C3b on the target cell surface enhanced the inhibition of NK-cell activation induced by rituximab-coated target cells. Binding of NK cells to rituximab-coated plates through CD16 was inhibited by the fixation of complement. C5-depleted serum blocked NK cell–mediated ADCC. These data suggest that C3b deposition induced by rituximab-coated target cells inhibits the interaction between the rituximab Fc and NK-cell CD16, thereby limiting the ability of rituximab-coated target cells to induce NK activation and ADCC. Further studies are needed to define in more detail the impact of complement fixation on ADCC, and whether mAbs that fail to fix complement will be more effective at mediating ADCC.
Surface stress and surface tension for solid-vapor interfaces

Abstract Two new approaches towards a microscopic understanding of the difference between surface stress and surface tension of solid-vapor interfaces in thermal equilibrium are presented. First, a simple model of a finite “crystal” composed of rigid planes illustrates that a modification of the bulk equation of state in a crystal slab of finite width can lead to such a difference. Second, a similar difference can be found between stress and grand potential density in a fluid in a periodic potential.
Decarbonization: Achieving near-total energy independence and near-total elimination of greenhouse emissions with available technologies

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive plan for conversion, over a 30–50 year period, to available and affordable technological options that can accomplish the replacement of 98% of US fossil fuel needs and the reduction of 97% of present US CO2 emissions.
Anesthetic Binding Sites within the Transmembrane Domain of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

General anesthetics inhibit the α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with different sensitivities, but the location of anesthetic binding sites remains unclear. Here we used high-resolution solution NMR to study the interaction of general anesthetics ketamine and halothane with the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the human α7 nAChR. The TMD was expressed in E. coli and purified into detergent LDAO micelles. The specific residues involved in anesthetic binding were identified by anesthetics-induced chemical shift changes in 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra. Ketamine binds to an intrasubunit site involving residues of all four helices at the intracellular end of the TMD. Two halothane interaction sites were detected. The first site was located near the intracellular end of the TMD, similar to the ketamine site, but involved only residues in TM1 and TM2. The second halothane site was formed by residues in the middle of TM1 and TM3. This site was not observed for ketamine binding, probably because ketamine was too large to penetrate deep into the TMD. Interestingly, unlike the previous finding in the α4β2 nAChR, anesthetic binding to the extracellular end of the TMD was not observed in the α7 nAChR. This difference may be responsible for their distinct sensitivity to halothane. In addition, halothane modulated motion less in α7 than in α4β2 on the micro- to milli-second (μs-ms) timescale, as demonstrated by changes in peak intensity, line width, and peak splitting for some residues. This work was supported by NIH grants: R01GM066358, R01GM056257, and R37GM049202.
Movers and shakers or anchored: Caenorhabditis elegans nuclei achieve it with KASH/SUN

The invariant cell division patterns that characterize Caenorhabditis elegans development make it an ideal system to study the mechanisms that control nuclear movement and positioning. Forward genetic screens in this system allowed identification of the key molecular machinery for connecting the nucleus to the cytoskeleton; pairs of protein partners, consisting of a KASH domain protein and a SUN domain protein, bridge the nuclear envelope to connect the nucleus to cytoskeletal components. The C. elegans genome encodes several KASH/SUN pairs, and mutant phenotypes as well as tissue-specific expression patterns suggest a diversity of functions. These functions include moving the nucleus but have been extended to effects on the chromosomes inside the nucleus as well. We review the impact of the C. elegans system in pioneering this field as well as the functions of these KASH/SUN protein pairs across spatial and temporal C. elegans development.
Analysis of an unprecedented mechanism for the catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds.

This work details an in-depth evaluation of an unprecedented mechanism for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by (PPh3)2Re(O)2I. The proposed mechanism involves addition of a silane Si−H bond across one of the rhenium−oxo bonds to form siloxyrhenium hydride intermediate 2 that reacts with a carbonyl substrate to generate siloxyrhenium alkoxide 4, which, in turn, affords the silyl ether product. Compelling evidence for the operation of this pathway includes the following: (a) isolation and structural characterization by X-ray diffraction of siloxyrhenium hydride intermediate 2, (b) demonstration of the catalytic competence of intermediate 2 in the hydrosilylation reaction, (c) 1H and 31P{1H} NMR and ESI-MS evidence for single-turnover conversion of 2 into 1, (d) observation of intermediate 2 in the working catalyst system, and (e) kinetic analysis of the catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds by 1.
Smooth Nb surfaces fabricated by buffered electropolishing

It was demonstrated that smooth Nb surfaces could be obtained through buffered electropolishing (BEP) employing an electrolyte consisting of lactic, sulfuric, and hydrofluoric acids. Parameters that control the polishing process were optimized to achieve a smooth surface finish. The polishing rate of BEP was determined to be 0.646 μm/min which was much higher than 0.381 μm/min achieved by the conventional electropolishing (EP) process widely used in the superconducting radio frequency (SRF) community. Root mean square measurements using a 3D profilometer revealed that Nb surfaces treated by BEP were an order of magnitude smoother than those treated by the optimized EP process. The chemical composition of the Nb surfaces after BEP was analyzed by static and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) systems. SIMS results implied that the surface oxide structure of Nb might be more complicated than what usually believed and could be inhomogeneous. Preliminary results of BEP on Nb SRF single cell cavities and half-cells were reported. It was shown that smooth and bright surfaces could be obtained in 1800 s when the electric field inside a SRF cavity was uniform during a BEP process. This study showed that BEP is a promising technique for surface treatment on Nb SRF cavities to be used in particle accelerators.
Endothelin-1–Induced Enhancement of Coronary Smooth Muscle Contraction via MAPK-Dependent and MAPK-Independent [Ca2+]i Sensitization Pathways

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in coronary vasospasm by enhancing coronary vasoconstriction to vasoactive eicosanoids, and a role for protein kinase C (PKC) activation has been suggested. However, the cellular mechanisms downstream from PKC activation are unclear. We investigated whether physiological concentrations of ET-1 enhance coronary smooth muscle contraction by activating a PKC-mediated signaling pathway involving tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Cell contraction was measured in smooth muscle cells isolated from porcine coronary artery, [Ca 2+ ] i was measured in fura-2 loaded cells, and tissue fractions were examined for reactivity with anti-phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr) and anti-MAPK antibodies using immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. In Hanks’ solution (1 mmol/L Ca 2+ ), ET-1 (10 pmol/L) did not increase basal [Ca 2+ ] i (81±2 nmol/L) but caused cell contraction (10%) that was inhibited by calphostin C (10 −6 mol/L), inhibitor of PKC, tyrphostin (10 −6 mol/L), inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, and PD098059 (10 −6 mol/L), inhibitor of MAPK kinase. The vasoactive eicosanoid prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ; 10 −7 mol/L) caused increases in cell contraction (11%) and [Ca 2+ ] i (122±9 nmol/L) that were inhibited by the Ca 2+ channel blocker verapamil (10 −6 mol/L) but not by calphostin C, tyrphostin, or PD098059. Pretreatment with ET-1 for 10 minutes enhanced cell contraction to PGF 2α (33%) with no additional increase in [Ca 2+ ] i (124±10 nmol/L). Activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10 −7 mol/L) caused cell contraction and enhanced PGF 2α contraction (32%) with no additional increase in [Ca 2+ ] i (126±9 nmol/L). The ET-1– and PMA-induced enhancement of PGF 2α contraction was abolished by verapamil or calphostin C but not by tyrphostin or PD098059. ET-1 and PMA caused significant increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK that were inhibited by calphostin C, tyrphostin, and PD098059. PGF 2α did not cause any additional increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK in tissues untreated or pretreated with ET-1 or PMA. Thus, physiological concentrations of ET-1 activate a Ca 2+ -independent PKC-mediated signaling pathway that involves tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAPK. The enhancement of PGF 2α -induced coronary smooth muscle contraction by ET-1 involves additional activation of a Ca 2+ -sensitive PKC-mediated pathway but not tyrosine phosphorylation or activation of MAPK. The MAPK-dependent and MAPK-independent signaling pathways represent possible cellular mechanisms by which ET-1 could enhance coronary vasoconstriction to vasoactive eicosanoids in coronary vasospasm.
Transport phenomena in carbon nanostructures

An empirical model is developed that takes into account heat transport through the entire carbon nanofiber interconnect test structure and breakdown location. This electrothermal transport model elucidates observed current capacity behavior, and predicts variations in contact location with the support material. The resulting heat dissipation and current capacity are completely consistent with measurement data.
Prospect For Biosteredvietrics In The Neurological ScienceS

In this survey a review of several investigators' work on computational graphics of neuronal shape and form is presented, and is followed by a proposal that the functional inferences of stereomorphology lead to a three-dimensional integration of brain structure and function. The concepts are, of course, also applicable to the spinal cord, and in some ways to peripheral nerve and muscle. Following a description of the parameters and techniques used to describe neuronal body, dendrite, and branching geometry, a brief account is given of the importance of biostereo-metrical techniques to further understanding of the asymmetry of the brain as a whole. Brief statements of a descriptive nature are provided to indicate studies on stereomorphology of the brain vasculature, and a new technique called cinemorphology which, combined with computed tomo-graphy, allows three-dimensional unfolding views of the whole brain or any structure within it. The latter views can be rotated for additional insight into the structures total relations within the brain.
The method of nearby problems for estimation of numerical error in orbital-mechanics simulations

Abstract The method of nearby problems has previously been applied to validate the accuracy of numerical solutions of the problems in fluid dynamics. In this paper, the application of this method is extended to the problems in orbital mechanics. Using this method, the error in the numerical simulations of two-body and three-body equations of motion is estimated. A fixed step-size and a variable step-size numerical integration scheme are used for the simulations. The method of nearby problems is found to provide reliable error estimates and has advantages of cost efficiency and ease of use.
Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relationship Between Catastrophic Health Appraisals and Health Anxiety

The present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty (IU) moderates the relationship between catastrophic health appraisals and health anxiety. Specifically, appraisals that ambiguous symptoms are the sign of a catastrophic health concern are proposed to be better tolerated by some individuals (i.e., those with low IU) than others (i.e., those with high IU). A large sample of medically healthy college students (N = 412) completed a scenario-based measure assessing the tendency to attribute ambiguous body sensations and symptoms to either catastrophic (i.e., catastrophic health appraisals) or minor (i.e., minor health appraisals) health concerns, as well as self-report measures of IU and health anxiety. Consistent with predictions, catastrophic health appraisals were only significantly associated with health anxiety at high levels of IU. Moreover, and showing a degree of specificity, IU did not moderate the relationship between minor health appraisals and health anxiety. Conceptual and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Transport to a chemically active thin liquid film over a spinning disk

An analytical solution for the process of mass transfer from a spinning disk to a chemically active thin liquid film flowing over the disk is presented. By analogy, the results are also applicable to heat transfer to the film with temperature-dependent heat generation. The process is modeled by establishing equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and species concentration, and solving them analytically. The partial differential equation for species concentration is solved using the separation of variables technique along with the application of the Duhamel's theorem. Tables for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are presented for a number of reaction rate constants. A parametric study was performed using Reynolds number, Ekman number, and chemical reaction rate as parameters. It was found that Sherwood number increases with Reynolds number (flow rate) as well as inverse of Ekman number (rate of rotation). These fundamental results will be useful to design advanced energy transport processes for a low-gravity space environment.
Reliable peak-finding for MS/MS

Abstract A fast, reliable routine has been developed for dynamically reducing the peak-shaped sequential intensity data, normally obtained in a scanning mass spectrometer, to a mass/intensity pair for each peak in the scan. The algorithm is specifically designed for applications such as MS/MS having large dynamic range as well as overlapping and irregular peak shapes. A method of testing the accuracy of real-time peak-finding algorithms is also described and applied to this algorithm.
Test of a new field-theoretical crossover equation of state

A new field-theoretical crossover equation-of-state model provides a bridge between the asymptotic behavior close to a liquid-gas critical point and the expected mean field behavior farther away.