cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extending Survival with Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains essentially incurable, and goals of therapy include the palliation of symptoms, delay of disease progression, and prolongation of overall survival time without negatively impacting quality of life. Anthracycline and taxane-based therapies have traditionally shown the highest degree of activity in MBC. Though numerous randomized clinical trials have shown improvements in overall response rates, few have found clear survival benefits. In recent years, however, there has been a small but growing series of clinical trials demonstrating modest, but meaningful survival advantages in metastatic disease. A common feature in many of these trials has been the use of a taxane, and more recently, a taxane combined with an antimetabolite. In addition, the development of targeted biologic agents active against MBC, such as trastuzumab and bevacizumab, has demonstrated great potential for enhancing the effects of chemotherapy and producing meaningful survival improvements. The role of the taxanes, antimetabolites, and biologics in extending survival in MBC is discussed.
A simple three component velocity measurement method using a rotated split-film sensor

A rotated split-film anemometry method which can be used to obtain three-component average flow velocities is reviewed and evaluated. The related theory, apparatus, calibration procedure, and results of the new technique are discussed. The new technique utilizes a single split-film probe in combination with a mechanical rotating probe, holder. The basic procedure is to make a plane or two-component velocity measurement with the probe in one orientation and then to rotate the probe 90 degrees and make another measurement. The two pairs of velocity and flow angle data, are correlated, for yawed flow effects, and resolved to identify three (steady-flow) speed and direction components. Measurements in an axisymmetric jet at various flow speeds and angles indicate that the method has, under most circumstances, errors of about 5%. Slightly greater errors were encountered at extreme test flow speeds and at large sensor yaw and pitch angles. >
“The Most Important Biblical Discovery of Our Time”: William Henry Green and the Demise of Ussher's Chronology

In 1650 the distinguished church historian Archbishop James Ussher of Ireland announced his meticulously calculated time of the Creation: early Saturday evening, 22 October 4004 B.C.E., a date immortalized in the margins of countless Bibles for nearly three centuries. Among evangelical Protestants who believed in the inerrancy of Scripture this date came to mark the beginning of human history. For some believers it remained a landmark until the late twentieth century; others abandoned it as early as the 1860s. Among American evangelicals no one played a more important role in discrediting Ussher's chronology than William Henry Green, an Old Testament scholar at Princeton Theological Seminary. One of Green's Princeton colleagues called his demonstration of Ussher's fallacy “the most important biblical discovery of our time.” In some ways it was, although its full impact did not come until the second half of the twentieth century.
The Potential Impact of Social Science Research on Legal Issues Surrounding Single-Sex Classrooms and Schools.

Purpose: This article examines the role social science has played in litigation involving public single-sex educational programs. It also explores a body of social science research related to gende...
Outdoor exposure and vitamin D levels in urban children with asthma

The inner-city pediatric population in the United States has a disproportionate burden of asthma. Recent attention has focused on the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D, which may be protective against disease morbidity. As the primary determinant of vitamin D status in humans is exposure to sunlight, we aimed to determine if 25-OH vitamin D levels in urban preschool children with asthma were low, influenced by time spent outdoors, and associated with asthma morbidity. Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured at baseline in a cohort of 121 inner-city children ages 2–6 years with asthma in Baltimore, MD. Participants were followed longitudinally at 3 and 6 months to assess time spent outdoors, asthma symptoms through questionnaires and daily diaries, and allergic markers. In a predominantly black population of preschool children, the median 25-OH vitamin D level was 28 ng/mL (IQR 21.2-36.9), with 54% of the children below the traditionally sufficient level of 30 ng/mL and 7.4% in the range associated with risk of rickets (< 15 ng/mL). The median time spent outdoors was 3 hours/day (IQR 2–4), and greater time spent outdoors was not associated with higher vitamin D levels. 25-OH vitamin D did not show seasonal variation in our cohort (p = 0.66). Lower 25-OH levels were correlated with higher IgE levels. Urban African-American preschool children with asthma have high rates of vitamin D insufficiency, and increased outdoor exposure is unlikely to correct these low 25-OH vitamin D levels. Repletion in this population may require dietary supplementation.
INHIBITION OF PRESSURE INDUCED BLADDER SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL HYPERPLASIA USING CRM197

Purpose: In vivo the effects of sustained hydrostatic pressure on the bladder wall and its components are evident under physiological and pathological conditions. We previously reported that exposure of bladder smooth muscle cells to 20 and 40 cm. H2O hydrostatic pressure for as little as 1 hour resulted in the up-regulation of heparin binding epidermal growth factor messenger RNA in a time dependent fashion as well as in activation of the heparin binding epidermal growth factor growth factor gene. In our current study we investigated the use of CRM197 as an agent for blocking undesirable cellular level events, such as smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, eliminating the irreversible alterations in bladder and kidney function that result from chronic and/or severe bladder outlet obstruction.Materials and Methods: Control and experimental neonatal ovine smooth muscle cells were exposed to 0.3 pressure and 8.5 cm. H2O, respectively, for 7 days. We evaluated the mitogenic activity of the supernatant medium from b...
Methane increase to be reported

Between 1965 and 1981, atmospheric methane increased at a rate of about 1% per year; extrapolation of this finding to make long-term predictions, however, is a risky proposition, say three researchers from the Oregon Graduate Center in Beaverton. Discussion of these conclusions will launch a session on the chemistry of the global atmosphere, Tuesday, December 10, 1985, at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
Human Rights, Civil Rights: Prescribing Disability Discrimination Prevention in Packaging Essential Health Benefits

This article explores rights-based approaches to protecting disabled people against inequities in access to health care services. Understanding health care as a human right, as is found in the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD), fails to provide theoretical machinery for responding to certain pressing challenges. An alternative account, understanding health care as a civil right, proves more promising. This latter approach then is applied to the right to health care under the U.S. Affordable Care Act (ACA), which contains provisions that could be antithetical to, and thus fail to comply with, the nondiscrimination standard of meaningful access to health care benefits.
Towards dynamic metabolic flux analysis in CHO cell cultures

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian cell line for biopharmaceutical production, with a total global market approaching $100 billion per year. In the pharmaceutical industry CHO cells are grown in fed-batch culture, where cellular metabolism is characterized by high glucose and glutamine uptake rates combined with high rates of ammonium and lactate secretion. The metabolism of CHO cells changes dramatically during a fed-batch culture as the cells adapt to a changing environment and transition from exponential growth phase to stationary phase. Thus far, it has been challenging to study metabolic flux dynamics in CHO cell cultures using conventional metabolic flux analysis techniques that were developed for systems at metabolic steady state. In this paper we review progress on flux analysis in CHO cells and techniques for dynamic metabolic flux analysis. Application of these new tools may allow identification of intracellular metabolic bottlenecks at specific stages in CHO cell cultures and eventually lead to novel strategies for improving CHO cell metabolism and optimizing biopharmaceutical process performance.
Lysyl oxidase (ras recision gene) expression in human amnion: ontogeny and cellular localization.

The tensile strength of human fetal membranes is attributable to interstitial collagens of the zona compacta of the avascular amnion. Collagen fiber strength and proteolytic resistance is provided by inter- and intramolecular cross-links of collagen fibrils, which are formed in a series of reactions initiated by lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase activity in amnion tissues varied by more than 400-fold in a highly significant inverse manner as a function of gestational age (12–43 weeks). At 12–14 weeks gestation, the levels of lysyl oxidase messenger ribonucleic acid, protein, and activity in amnion are very high. During the second trimester of pregnancy, however, these decline abruptly, and a nadir is reached at about 20–24 weeks gestation, which persists to term. The level of lysyl oxidase messenger ribonucleic acid was greater in amnion mesenchymal cells than in amnion epithelial cells. The decline in lysyl oxidase in amnion may be attributable to a correspondent decline in the density of amnion mesenchymal c...
Genomic Profiling of Liver Cancer

Development of liver cancers is driven largely by genomic alterations that deregulate signaling pathways, influencing growth and survival of cancer cells. Because of the hundreds or thousands of genomic/epigenomic alterations that have accumulated in the cancer genome, it is very challenging to find and test candidate genes driving tumor development and progression. Systematic studies of the liver cancer genome have become available in recent years. These studies have uncovered new potential driver genes, including those not previously known to be involved in the development of liver cancer. Novel approaches combining multiple datasets from patient tissues have created an unparalleled opportunity to uncover potential new therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers for personalized therapy that can improve clinical outcomes of the patients with liver cancer.
Using Task-Based Modeling to Generate Scaffolding in Narrative-Guided Exploratory Learning Environments

A description of a novel domain-independent framework that automatically generates and fades scaffolding supports for task-oriented learning within exploratory environments. Both student knowledge and tutorial assistance is modeled through plan-based interactive narrative.
193 nm angle-resolved scatterfield microscope for semiconductor metrology

An angle-resolved scatterfield microscope (ARSM) featuring 193 nm excimer laser light was developed for measuring critical dimension (CD) and overlay of nanoscale targets as used in semiconductor metrology. The microscope is designed to have a wide and telecentric conjugate back focal plane (CBFP) and a scan module for resolving Kohler illumination in the sample plane. Angular scanning of the sample plane was achieved by linearly scanning an aperture across the 12 mm diameter CBFP, with aperture size as small as 0.4 mm for some scans. For each aperture, the sample was illuminated over a range of angles from 12° to 48°, corresponding to a numerical aperture of 0.2 to 0.74. Angleresolved measurement results are presented for grating targets with nominal linewidths down to 50 nm.
Biotic adjustments to changing salinities in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA

The salinity of the Great Salt Lake, Utah has changed greatly over the past 23 years. The north arm of the lake has increased in salinity and decreased in overall biological diversity, whereas the south arm has decreased in salinity and increased markedly in biological diversity.
Constructing LDPC codes from simple loop-free encoding modules

Inspired by recently proposed accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) codes, in this paper we propose a construction method for LDPC codes using simple loop-free encoding modules. Such codes can be viewed as serial/parallel concatenations of simple modules such as accumulators, repetition codes, differentiators, and punctured single parity check codes. Examples are accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) codes, accumulate-repeat-accumulate-accumulate (ARAA) codes and accumulate-repeat-check-accumulate codes, and other variations. These codes constitute a subclass of LDPC codes with very fast encoder structure. They also have a projected graph or protograph representation that allows for high-speed decoder implementation. Based on density evolution, we show through some examples that low iterative decoding thresholds close to the channel capacity limits can be achieved with low maximum variable node degrees, as the block size goes to infinity. The decoding threshold in many examples outperforms that of the best known unstructured irregular LDPC codes constrained to have the same maximum node degree. Furthermore, by puncturing the accumulator modules, any desired higher rate codes can be obtained with thresholds that stay close to their respective channel capacity thresholds uniformly.
A machine learning approach to automate classification of literature in a sam research database

In the mid-eighties, researchers at the University of Miami confronted their problem of information overload while investigating information on worker performance. They required literature sources from various fields, such as engineering, business, and psychology, to name a few. To cope with their information overload, they devised a research methodology to partition information resources into category matrices in order to find patterns, trends, or voids. The approach was termed State-of-the-Art Matrix or SAM Analysis. SAM Analysis is a manual process, thus restricting the amount of information for conveying category decisions. During the first phase of the manual process, researchers construct models or categories that best describe the research area. In the next phase, articles from the information sources are read and assigned to the pre-defined categories based on the judgment of assessors. The manual approach presents major challenges to researchers who must deal with identifying and utilizing the information hidden in a large corpus of information. The approach is only practical for a small number of articles and categorization relies on the subjective judgment of assessors. A more scalable and flexible approach, therefore, is needed for categorizing information, such as by using machine learning and data mining techniques to automate categorization of articles in large volumes of data. In this research, automation is approached through the use of a machine learning technique known as a Learning Classifier Systems (LCS). The LCS performs the data mining task of categorizing articles using the SAM approach by utilizing training and testing datasets extracted from SAM EndNote bibliographic databases related to a specific area of research. In order to evaluate the ability of the LCS to predict category membership, accuracy-based metrics borrowed from the field of medicine are applied. The metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. After training, the evaluation results indicate that the predictive ability of the LCS system is greater than 90%. The results are obtained using a five trial experiment.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: XML Editor; WinZip; Internet browser.
Part C early intervention utilization in preterm infants: Opportunity for referral from a NICU follow-up clinic.

Abstract Objective Early Intervention (EI) services promote development for preterm infants. In the state of Illinois, Child and Family Connections (CFC) is the intake agency that determines qualification for EI services. In Illinois, all extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are eligible for and referred to CFC at discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study investigated: (1) patterns of CFC and EI enrollment, and; (2) predictors of CFC enrollment, need for CFC referral, and high EI therapy use among preterm infants seen in a NICU follow-up clinic. Methods 405 preterm infants, including 169 ELBW infants, were seen in a NICU follow-up clinic at 4-, 8- and 20-months corrected age. CFC/EI data were collected at each visit. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for the effect of medical, sociodemographic and neurodevelopmental risk factors on CFC/EI outcome. Results Despite the high rate of EI utilization and routine care by primary pediatricians, up to 28% of ELBW infants required a CFC referral from a NICU follow-up clinic. Medical and neurodevelopmental risk factors were associated with CFC enrollment while medical, sociodemographic and neurodevelopmental risk factors were associated with need for CFC referral. Conclusion NICU follow-up clinics facilitate appropriate CFC/EI services for preterm infants.
Higher Adalimumab Drug Levels Are Associated with Mucosal Healing in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy has revolutionised the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], both Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]. In addition to steroid-free clinical remission, objective therapeutic outcomes, such as mucosal healing, are emerging as goals of care in IBD, leading to the concept of a treat-to-target therapeutic approach .1 Mucosal healing is associated with favourable therapeutic outcomes in IBD including lower relapse, hospitalisation and surgery rates.2 Exposure-response studies of anti-TNF therapy, based on therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM], show that favourable therapeutic outcomes, such as mucosal healing, are associated with high serum drug concentrations and undetectable anti-drug antibodies.3,4,5,6,7,8,9 However, the majority of these studies, as well as two recently published meta-analyses, refer mainly to infliximab.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Only limited data are available regarding the relationship of adalimumab concentrations, and antibodies to adalimumab [ATA], with favourable clinical outcomes and specifically with mucosal healing.4,5,6,7 Based on these preliminary data, higher adalimumab levels and absence of ATA during maintenance therapy are associated with mucosal healing in IBD [Tables 1 and 2]. View this table: Table 1. Adalimumab concentration thresholds during maintenance therapy … Corresponding author: Konstantinos Papamichael, MD, PhD, FEBGH, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA. Email: kpapamic{at}bidmc.harvard.edu
Towards application-aware data concentration schemes for advanced metering infrastructures

A big challenge for smart grid application scenarios will be handling the massive amount of data that is expected to be collected from data sources such as smart meters and sent through the communication backhaul to the grid operator. One approach to reduce data volume given some application sampling rate is to aggregate the data stream within the network itself. While data aggregation along the communications network can reduce data volume and alleviate congestion issues, it can also reduce the granularity of application data reaching the utility control center, thus being not as useful. This work explores the tradeoff between the quality of application data collected and communications network congestion. It defines the concept of data granularity and presents two case studies on the impact of data granularity on application quality/accuracy. Finally, an algorithm is proposed and evaluated that demonstrates how the data granularity and application quality tradeoff can be managed at intermediate relay nodes such as data concentrators.
Autonomous Collision Avoidance of flying Vehicles

[Abstract] We consider stratified ruling permitting different degrees of MIQ with different scores for different application domain licensing, passing Alan Turing test of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with different scores, and ranking a different MIQ. A recent breakthrough of the ultimate intelligence called Natural Intelligence (NI) has elucidated how smart pairs of sensory are processing. This is based on the common observation of animal kingdom that all intelligent brains operate at isothermal equilibrium (man ~37C; chicken ~40C), and all intelligent animals adopt a power of pairs of input 5 sensors (eyes, ears, smells, tastes, tactile) without evolutional exception. This theorem has solved the dual usages of unsupervised ATR by means of multiple-spectral remote imaging, and early breast cancer detection in close-up multi-spectral imaging. We will further support power of pair’s sensors for the input to the autopilot controls system among a team of mini-UAS for the reliable autonomous collision avoidance among themselves and with other jumbo aircraft coming above and behind their ways. Since we have designed a team of UAVs, more than 4, equipped with L-band cellular phone transceivers each can accomplish in principle collectively interferometer Synthetic Aperture Radar, we are looking how to control command a team of closely flying UAVs for the reason of coherence. We follow the perturbation to the equilibrium theory of Nash cooperative gaming theory to formulate explicitly the aerodynamic interaction forces: drag, lift, turbulent vortices, among team of UAVs, in order to modify auto-pilot to avoid collision among neighbors. Since military applications of mini-UAS have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the warfighting capability, ONR is seeking help driving the cost down by the transition of military know-how to command, control, communication, and collision avoidance. Thus, we support risk reduction dual usage efforts.
IN VITRO STIMULATION OF PITUITARY FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE RELEASE BY HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACT.

SummaryOpposite halves of each of 72 anterior pituitaries from female rats were cultured in separate dishes. At the end of the 3rd and 6th days, the medium was removed and fresh medium containing neutralized acid extract of rat hypothalamus was added to one-half of the culture dishes, and medium containing cerebral cortical extract was added to the remainder. Each pituitary equivalent was cultured with an equivalent of 4 hypothalami from ovariectomized rats. Brain extracts were not added during the first 3 days of culture. After termination of culture, the medium was assayed for FSH by the method of Steelman and Pohley. Pituitary tissue cultured with cerebral cortical extract (control) did not release significant amounts of FSH, whereas pituitary cultured with hypothalamic extract (experimental) released highly significant amounts of FSH (average ovarian weights were 99 ± 7 and 149 ± 10 mg/100 g body weight, respectively). Control pituitary released significant amounts of FSH into the medium only during t...
cAMP activates an ATP-conductive pathway in cultured shark rectal gland cells

The molecular mechanisms associated with ATP transport and release into the extracellular milieu are largely unknown. To assess the presence of endogenous ATP-conductive pathway(s) in shark rectal gland (SRG) cells, patch-clamp techniques were applied to primary cultures of SRG cells. Whole cell currents were obtained with either intracellular tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) or Mg2+ salts of ATP (200 mM nominal ATP) and 280 mM NaCl bathing solution. Basal currents showed a sizable ATP permeability for outward movement of MgATP. Adenosine 39,59-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation significantly increased the whole cell conductance (with either intracellular Tris-ATP or MgATP). Symmetrical whole cell ATP currents were also observed after cAMP activation, thus consistent with ATP as the main charge carrier. The cAMP-inducible ATP currents were insensitive to the Cl- channel blockers 4,49-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonic acid, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid but were readily blocked by nifedipine (400 microM) and glibenclamide (400 microM). The nature of the electrodiffusional ATP movement was further assessed by single-channel analysis of either MgATP or Tris-ATP currents in excised inside-out patches, both spontaneous and after activation with protein kinase A. Single-channel ATP currents were inhibited by either nifedipine or glibenclamide. Thus SRG cells express endogenous ATP-permeable pathways both before and after cAMP stimulation. Electrodiffusional ATP movement by SRG cells may play a significant role in the transport and delivery of cellular ATP to the extracellular milieu, which may help coordinate the dynamics of the epithelial secretory response in this cell model.
A simple technique of ovarian suspension in preparation for in vitro fertilization

Because laparoscopic ovum harvest for IVF is becoming more common, efforts must be made at the time of prior infertility surgery to render the ovaries accessible for ovum recovery. In this report, a simple technique of ovarian suspension in preparation for eventual IVF is described. Seventeen infertile patients undergoing lysis of adhesions underwent ovarian suspension by plication of the suspensory ligament of the ovary with a running suture of 3-0 Prolene, thus apposing the proximal pole of the ovary to the anterior-lateral surface of the uterus. Because the fallopian tube is independent of the sutured structures, the tubal anatomy was undisturbed. Fourteen of these 17 patients have since undergone laparoscopy during IVF. In 12 cases, despite the recurrence of adhesions, the ovaries were accessible for ovum recovery from all aspects. Two patients conceived normally after the lysis of adhesions. This simplified ovarian suspension represents an effective technique for facilitating ovum recovery for IVF which may not disturb fallopian tube ovum pickup or transport mechanisms.
Longitudinal Motor and Behavioral Assessment of Blood–Brain Barrier Opening with Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

Focused ultrasound (FUS), in combination with microbubbles, has been found to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) non-invasively. When this technique is used for drug delivery, repeated drug administration and BBB opening are likely required. Therefore, it is worth investigating the long-term effects of FUS-induced BBB opening. In this study, we focused on the assessment of potential behavior changes in mice that could be attributed to repeated BBB opening for up to 6 months. The striatum of animals was unilaterally sonicated either monthly or biweekly throughout the monitoring period. Behavioral assessments were conducted using open-field and rotarod performance tests. Upon completion of each sonication, mice underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm and assess the volume of the BBB opening. No differences in locomotor activity between BBB-opened and control groups in both biweekly and monthly treated mice were evident up to 6 months. Similarly, there was no affinity for a particular turn angle in the sonicated mice compared with the control animals. However, the positive control group exhibited a significant decrease in locomotor activity, as well as rotation ipsilateral to the sonicated hemisphere. Our results based on the assessment using open-field and rotarod tests indicated that repeated opening of the BBB in the striatum using FUS in conjunction with microbubbles over a period of 6 mo and under the parameters used here did not cause motor impairment, behavioral changes or morphologic alterations. This reinforces the tolerability of repeated and long-term drug delivery using FUS-induced BBB opening.
Online information search and decision making

A naturalistic online information search exposes individuals to multiple sites and conflicting perspectives. In this study, we evaluated how the holistic stance of a web search toward a product influences purchasing decisions. We recruited 109 participants who completed an initial product choice task regarding bottled water, a brief Internet search, and then a second post-search product choice task. Internet searches were analyzed to identify query terms, site visits, and stance. Results show that query terms influenced the types of sites obtained in a search, which in turn shaped the overall search stance. Participants were more likely to buy bottled water when they visited websites that emphasized environmental, economic, or health benefits for bottled water (i.e., positive stance). Participants who were asked to focus on environmental issues were less likely to buy bottled water unless packaged in recycled plastic. Effects of online search and mixed messages on decision making are investigated.Searches focused on superficial product features rather than key knowledge.Superficial search behaviors resulted in biased web searches.The holistic stance of a brief web search influenced decision making.Goal-oriented messaging influenced both search behaviors and decisions.
Red Men, Princess Pocahontas, and George Washington: Harmonizing Race Relations in Laredo at the Turn of the Century

In 1898, a group of elite Anglo Americans and Texas Mexicans joined together to celebrate George Washington's birthday on the U. S.-Mexico border in Laredo, Texas. This article describes how the week-long festivities helped construct and project an image of Anglo-Mexican racial harmony and how the Laredo elite created an inclusive concept of Americanization at the same time it cast African Americans and Indians as “savage” outsiders.
Haemolytic anaemia and bilateral uveitis associated with leptospirosis in a 6‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding

Summary A 6-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for bilateral uveitis resulting in vision loss as well as icterus. Anaemia with autoagglutination was consistent with a presumptive immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Urinary PCR was positive for Leptospira spp. and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres were elevated to multiple serovars supportive of a diagnosis of leptospirosis. Treatments included broad spectrum antibiotics and aggressive anti-inflammatory medications. While the horse was hospitalised, the development of bilateral corneal ulcers precluded the use of topical ophthalmic anti-inflammatories for a number of days. The corneal ulceration resolved, vision returned in both eyes and the immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia resolved. After 9 days of hospitalisation, oral minocycline was administered for 2 weeks at home as well as low dose oral flunixin meglumine and topical ophthalmic diclofenac and atropine. This case represents the first published case of haemolytic anaemia associated with leptospirosis in a horse.
Active Noise Filtering for $X$ -Band GaN Transmitters With Bitstream Modulations

Bitstream transmitters based on bandpass or envelope delta–sigma modulation promise high power efficiency for broadband communications with nonconstant-envelope modulations, but at the price of elevated quantization noise. An active noise filtering technique is proposed in this paper to address the quantization noise issue of such transmitters. The essential concept of active noise cancellation is to utilize multiple power amplifiers (PAs) with identical or similar transfer characteristics fed with the same input, but with different time delays. The difference in time delay determines whether the outputs of the PAs are combined in phase or out of phase at a certain frequency, which forms the passband or the stopband of the active filter. The active noise filtering technique can potentially replace the external high-Q passive bandpass filter typically needed for such transmitters. A two-channel bitstream transmitter with active noise cancellation operating at the $X$ -band is fabricated with 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ discrete GaN HEMT devices. It has been demonstrated experimentally that the proposed active noise filtering architecture effectively suppresses quantization noise as expected and delivers a 34.5-dBm output power with 37.6% drain efficiency and 30% power added efficiency for a single-channel WCDMA signal with 100-MHz bandwidth and 5.3-dB peak-to-average ratio. Adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) at 100-MHz offsets is measured to be 36.6/35.4 dBc without using digital predistortion.
Supporting Cultures of Making: Technology, Policy, Visions, and Myths

Recent HCI research has linked social policy to design, e.g., in issues such as public safety, privacy, and social justice. One area where policy, technology, and design intersect is in the vision of the creative economy. In that vision, creativity, distinct local/regional cultural practices, technology, and entrepreneurship synergistically produce social innovation on a scale sufficient to drive economies. Culture and creative industries (CCI) policy specifies how governments intervene to support such clusters. Maker cultures are seen as central to this vision, but comparatively little is known about how makers produce culture. We offer a critical analysis of several encounters between CCI policy in Taiwan and its maker scene. These encounters reveal misalignments that undercut efforts intended to support making. We propose that supporting any creative culture, including making, entails a serious commitment to understanding its culture, including its cultural contents and their means of production. We further argue that scholarly rigor in cultivating cultural appreciation is just as fundamental as scholarly rigor in empirically representing cultural practices when it comes to pursuing such a cultural understanding.
Technique and Metapsychology of the Early Working Through Phase of Davanloo's Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy

This article discusses the metapsychology and technique of the early working through phase of Davanloo's Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. This is done by presenting a transcript of such a session with a highly resistant patient with complex character pathology with detailed description of nonverbal aspects of the patients behavior and analyzing the process in detail. Dr. Davanloo's continuing refinement of technique and metapsychology are included. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of Immediate Posterior Trunk Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND Older patients, especially those older than 65 years, are accounting for an ever-increasing share of hospital costs, especially surgical procedures. Studies regarding the safety of surgery in these patients have been widespread in the past decade. Despite these efforts, there is a paucity of information regarding the safety of reconstruction following spinal surgery in older patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing soft-tissue reconstruction of the posterior trunk after oncologic spine surgery. Demographic, medical, and surgical variables were measured. The primary outcome variable was the development of a medical or surgical complication postoperatively. Other secondary outcomes included development of a medical complication alone, specific surgical complications (seroma, hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence, and (cerebrospinal fluid leak), unplanned reoperation, and 60-day operative mortality. RESULTS A priori power analysis suggested 205 cases would be needed. The study included 286 cases in 256 patients. The cohorts were similar in terms of demographic, surgical, and medical variables, though the older cohort had higher mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score (2.09 versus 1.65; P < 0.0001). We found no correlation between increasing age and increased rates of medical or surgical complications (35.9% for older patients versus 44.7% for younger patients; P = 0.31). However, mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score did correlate with complications (1.88 for patients with complications versus 1.69 for patients without; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated no increased risk for complications among older patients. Complex soft-tissue reconstruction of the posterior trunk is safe in elderly patients undergoing oncologic spinal surgery.
Update on pediatric sepsis: a review.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality among children worldwide. Unfortunately, however, reliable evidence was insufficient in pediatric sepsis and many aspects in clinical practice actually depend on expert consensus and some evidence in adult sepsis. More recent findings have given us deep insights into pediatric sepsis since the publication of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines 2012. New knowledge was added regarding the hemodynamic management and the timely use of antimicrobials. Quality improvement initiatives of pediatric “sepsis bundles” were reported to be successful in clinical outcomes by several centers. Moreover, a recently published global epidemiologic study (the SPROUT study) did not only reveal the demographics, therapeutic interventions, and prognostic outcomes but also elucidated the inappropriateness of the current definition of pediatric sepsis. With these updated knowledge, the management of pediatric sepsis would be expected to make further progress. In addition, it is meaningful that the fundamental data on which future research should be based were established through the SPROUT study.
Association Between Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Blood Pressure Among Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014.

Background:Higher levels of sodium and lower levels of potassium intake are associated with higher blood pressure. However, the shape and magnitude of these associations can vary by study participa...
Potential Sex Differences Relative to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Metals

Purpose of review This study aims to summarize the current body of literature on the relationship between various toxic metals exposures (i.e., aluminum, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a focus on potential sex differences in these associations.
At the core of reasoning: Dissociating deductive and non-deductive load.

In recent years, neuroimaging methods have been used to investigate how the human mind carries out deductive reasoning. According to some, the neural substrate of language is integral to deductive reasoning. According to others, deductive reasoning is supported by a language-independent distributed network including left frontopolar and frontomedial cortices. However, it has been suggested that activity in these frontal regions might instead reflect non-deductive factors such as working memory load and general cognitive difficulty. To address this issue, 20 healthy volunteers participated in an fMRI experiment in which they evaluated matched simple and complex deductive and non-deductive arguments in a 2 × 2 design. The contrast of complex versus simple deductive trials resulted in a pattern of activation closely matching previous work, including frontopolar and frontomedial "core" areas of deduction as well as other "cognitive support" areas in frontoparietal cortices. Conversely, the contrast of complex and simple non-deductive trials resulted in a pattern of activation that does not include any of the aforementioned "core" areas. Direct comparison of the load effect across deductive and non-deductive trials further supports the view that activity in the regions previously interpreted as "core" to deductive reasoning cannot merely reflect non-deductive load, but instead might reflect processes specific to the deductive calculus. Finally, consistent with previous reports, the classical language areas in left inferior frontal gyrus and posterior temporal cortex do not appear to participate in deductive inference beyond their role in encoding stimuli presented in linguistic format.
CARDIAC OUTCOMES OF TRASTUZUMAB THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION

Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure (HF) occur in up to 25% of patients (pts) treated with trastuzumab (T) and can result in incomplete cancer therapy. The safety of T in patients with asymptomatic LV dysfunction is unknown. We report cardiac outcomes in pts with ejection
An ambiguity test for definite descriptions

Donnellan (1966) makes a convincing case for two distinct uses ofdefinite descriptions. But does the difference between the usesreflects an ambiguity in the semantics of descriptions? This paperapplies a linguistic test for ambiguity to argue that the differencebetween the uses is not semantically significant.
Localization Effects in the Scattering of Acoustic Waves from a Random Stress-free Grating Surface

The angular dependence of the intensity of acoustic waves scattered diffusely from a random grating surface that is stress free is calculated. The waves are assumed to be incident on the surface from within the solid. The calculation proceeds by means of a diagrammatic expansion of the intensity of the scattered radiation in powers of the surface profile function, similar to the one used by Vollhardt and Wolfle in their study of electrons in a disordered medium. A striking feature of the resulting differential reflection coefficient is a narrow peak in the retroreflection direction, whose intensity is polarization-dependent. Under appropriate conditions this feature is related to the surface roughness-induced localization of Rayleigh waves along the surface. The width of the peak in the differential reflection coefficient under these conditions provides a determination of the localization length of the Rayleigh wave, i.e. the distance along the surface over which its displacement field is sensibly nonzero.
Research on Race and Ethnicity in Leisure Studies: A Review of Five Major Journals

Research on race and ethnicity in leisure will take on greater significance in coming years. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine research related to race and ethnicity within five major leisure journals since their inception to discern quantity of research, thematic patterns in topical areas and to document the research methods used. This assessment identified 150 articles related to race and ethnicity. Nineteen thematic categories were identified. Articles with conceptual discussions, activity and participation studies, and outdoor recreation/forest-based recreation occurred most frequently. Similar to other analyses of the literature, survey research was the most frequently used method of data collection. The discussion focuses on implications for future research on race and ethnicity in leisure studies.
THE SPECIFICITY OF PATHOGENICITY

This chapter discusses some findings on pathogenicity. General information concerning the potentially pathogenic species of enteric bacteria suggests that those virulent for man as judged by their isolation from the blood stream or from burned areas, are usually resistant to the bactericidal action of “normal” human serum, and also resist killing by the sera of unimmunized laboratory animals. However, a relationship between serum resistance and relative pathogenicity has been revealed partially by direct experiments. The question of relationship of serum resistance and sensitivity to high or low virulence is predicated upon two considerations. Resistance to serum might occur because of a structural feature of the cell wall, which makes the bacterium impervious to the lytic action of antibody and complement. Or, the resistance might be only apparent, depending upon the absence of appropriate “naturally occurring” antibodies in the serum of the subject tested.
Anomaly detection in wide area network meshes using two machine learning algorithms

Abstract Anomaly detection is the practice of identifying items or events that do not conform to an expected behavior or do not correlate with other items in a dataset. It has previously been applied to areas such as intrusion detection, system health monitoring, and fraud detection in credit card transactions. In this paper, we describe a new method for detecting anomalous behavior in network performance data, gathered by the Open Science Grid using perfSONAR servers. Two machine learning algorithms were studied: a Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) and a simple feedforward neural network. The effectiveness of each algorithm was evaluated and compared. Both have shown sufficient performance and sensitivity.
The advances in therapy of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm

Introduction: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive myeloid malignancy that contributes to <1% of all hematologic neoplasms. Before the introduction of vario...
Differential effects of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers on reducing intraocular pressure and TGFβ signaling in the mouse retina

PURPOSE Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have been investigated for their neuroprotective and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in treating glaucoma, but the reports have been inconsistent possibly because different compounds and models have been used. Here we selected three ARBs for head-to-head comparisons of their effects on IOP and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, which is believed to play an important role in glaucoma pathogenesis. METHODS Three ARBs (losartan, irbesartan or telmisartan) or vehicle controls were administered via chow to C57BL/6J mice for up to 7 days. Drug concentrations in the eye, brain, and plasma were evaluated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Cohorts of mice were randomly assigned to different treatments. IOP and blood pressure were measured before and after ARB treatment. Effects of ARBs on TGFβ signaling in the retina were evaluated by phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Physiologically relevant concentrations of losartan, irbesartan and telmisartan were detected in eye, brain and plasma after drug administration (n = 11 mice/treatment). Blood pressure was significantly reduced by all ARBs compared to vehicle-fed controls (all p-values < 0.001, n = 8-15 mice/treatment). Compared to vehicle control, IOP was significantly reduced by irbesartan (p = 0.030) and telmisartan (p = 0.019), but not by losartan (n = 14-17 mice/treatment). Constitutive pSmad2 fluorescence observed in retinal ganglion cells was significantly reduced by telmisartan (p = 0.034), but not by losartan or irbesartan (n = 3-4 mice/treatment). CONCLUSIONS Administration via chow is an effective delivery method for ARBs, as evidenced by lowered blood pressure. ARBs vary in their abilities to lower IOP or reduce TGFβ signaling. Considering the significant roles of IOP and TGFβ in glaucoma pathogenesis, specific ARBs with dual effects, such as telmisartan, may be more effective than other ARBs for treating glaucoma.
The Global Right in the World Revolutions of 1917 and 20xx

An understanding of the contemporary constellation of right-wing national and transnational social movements needs to compare the recent movements and the global context with what happened in the first half of the twentieth century to figure out the similarities and differences, and to gain insights about what could be the consequences of the reemergence of populist nationalism and fascist movements. This article uses the comparative evolutionary world-systems perspective to study the global right from 1900 to the present. The point is to develop a better understanding of twenty-first century fascism, populist nationalism, and authoritarian practices and to help construct a praxis for the New Global Left. 1