cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of vocal fold vibratory patterns in normal voices

Summary The purpose of this study was to test a rating protocol for video-stroboscopic data on normal subjects. Five women, ages 22–26 years, with no history of laryngeal pathology served as pilot subjects. They produced the vowel /ɛ/ both at their speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and one octave above at a controlled intensity level. Results revealed that, in general, the rating protocol could be used with high levels of intra- and interjudge reliability. In terms of observed intersubject variability, some scales (degree of glottic closure, description of glottic closure, and amplitude of full excursion) revealed more variability among subjects than others (symmetry of amplitude, symmetry of phase, and anterior-posterior symmetry).
Use of FE Simulation and Servo Press Capabilities in Forming of AHSS and Aluminum Alloys

Production of light weight and crash resistant vehicles require extensive use of AHSS (DP,TRIP,TWIP) and Al alloys to form complex shapes. This paper discusses practical determination of material properties and selection of lubricants for forming AHSS using a die set, designed for deep drawing. Tests were conducted in a 300 ton servo press. Thinning at the critical area of the formed part were measured and compared with FE simulation. Prediction of temperatures in deep drawing of selected DP steels and Al alloys in servo press is also discussed.
On Deformation Instabilities in Clad Metals Subjected to Rolling

The emergence of instabilities in clad sheet metals subjected to rolling is studied theoretically. These instabilities are modelled as bifurcations from a state of homogeneous strain into periodic non-uniform deformations. With this model, a sharp distinction may be drawn between the instabilities observed in rolling, which are not diffuse, and the diffuse necking observed in uniaxial tension. It is demonstrated that while a maximum load criterion is valid for diffuse necking in uniaxial tension, it is inappropriate for rolling. Various aspects of the predictions made here compare favorably with experiments by Semiatin and Piehler1,2,3
Movement of nitrogen and carbon from a septic system drainfield

A septic system drainfield that had been in use for 6 yr was instrumented to study the vertical and horizontal movement of N and C. The original system was designed so that the effluent from the septic tank could be deverted to either of two parallel leaching trenches. Each trench contained three precast leaching chambers (1.22 m×2.44 m×0.3 m) placed end to end at a depth of 1.4 m. Since installation each trench had been used alternately for 6 mo periods.
Immunologic Status of Patients in Remission from Hodgkin’s Disease and Disseminated Malignancies

The immunologic phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 patients cured of Hodgkin’s disease (Group I) and of 20 patients cured of diverse, disseminated malignancies (Group II) were compared. Eleven patients in Group I had an increase in circulating B lymphocytes, and 6 patients in Group II had a decrease in this lymphocyte subset (0.0005 < p < 0.0025). The T8 lymphocyte subset was increased in four patients in Group I and decreased in five patients in Group II (0.005 < p < 0.0125). The T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio was less than 1.0 in eight patients in Group I and in no patients in Group II (p < 0.001). These statistically significant differences between the two groups were unrelated to type or duration of therapy, and thus suggest basic biologic differences between the immune status of cured Hodgkin’s disease patients and cured patients with other malignancies.
Parents view their adolescents' mental health

A 40-item behavioral checklist was devised for use with adolescent patient and nonpatient samples. A comparable form is used to obtain information about the offspring from the parent or guardian. This report presents the responses of parents and compares them with those of their offspring in two samples. Parents of disturbed adolescents reported a significantly greater frequency of emotional-behavioral problems in their offspring than did parents of a medical sample, whereas the two samples of adolescents reported equivalent frequency of problems. Parental responses to items were clustered into six subscales. Effects of race and sex of the adolescent on subscale scores were investigated. Black parents in both samples reported fewer and less frequent problems than did white parents; in contrast, the black teenagers' reports were similar to the white except for the Affective Distress subscale. Parents and adolescents in both samples reported higher scores for girls than boys on this subscale.
On Jovian plasma sheet structure

Several models of Jovian plasma sheet structure are studied, focusing on the ways in which they organize aspects of the observed Voyager 2 magnetic field characteristics as a function of radial distance from Jupiter. A technique which locates the interfaces between the plasma sheet and the lobes from magnetic data is presented. This boundary location is used to test models of the magnetotail. Improved variations of the hinged-magnetodisk and the magnetic anomaly models are given in which the parameters are optimized by using structural information from observed magnetic equator and plasma-sheet-lobe boundary crossings.
Acute ethanol effects on sensory/motor function in baboons with a history of chronic ethanol ingestion.

Abstract Baboons with a history of chronic, daily ethanol ingestion were subsequently studied under conditions that assessed the effects of acute oral self-administration of ethanol on auditory and visual threshold functions and reaction times. During the post-chronic experiment reported herein, the animals consumed specific amounts of ethanol twice weekly (0.1, 0.32, 1.0 or 1.3 g/kg), following which they immediately performed psychophysical tests designed to assess ethanol's effects on sensory thresholds and reaction times. Clear, dose-related increases in reaction times were observed following ethanol doses greater than 0.32 g/kg. Trends within individual threshold functions were consistent with systematic changes in auditory and visual threshold sensitivities of 1–3 dB at the high ethanol doses. Reaction time increases ranged from 25 to 180 ms above baseline levels at the highest dose (a 15% average increase). These general findings however, were in contrast to data obtained in the same animals under conditions of daily, chronic ethanol administration which characteristically showed greater sensory/motor effects of up to twice the magnitude of those observed with single doses.
Immune responses to repetitive adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and restoration of gene expression by cyclophosphamide or etoposide.

Abstract Background. One major concern about adenoviral vectors for repetitive gene delivery is the induction of an immune response to the vector, thus impeding effective gene transduction. Methods. To assess the immune response to the adenoviral vector, repetitive gene dosing was performed into rhesus monkey cervix and C3H mouse skin using the adenoviral vector carrying the lacZ gene. Three repetitive intracervical injections of adenovirus- lacZ were done in the rhesus monkey at the intervals of 4 weeks. Gene expression on the second and third injection was completely suppressed. Results. Anti-adenovirus IgG levels and neutralizing antibody titers in the rhesus monkey significantly increased after the first injection of adenovirus. In the C3H mouse, neutralizing antibody titers significantly increased after the first injection of adenovirus- lacZ at more than 10 8 plaque-forming unit (PFU). The repetitive expression of lacZ gene in the mouse skin markedly decreased when the second injection is done more than 2 weeks after the first injection. Chronic low-dose treatment with cyclophosphamide or etoposide markedly suppressed neutralizing antibody titers in the mouse serum and restored the gene expression in the mouse skin on the second and third injection. Conclusions. It is suggested that repetitive gene expression by adenovirus-mediated transfer may be reduced by circulating neutralizing antibodies and could be restored by chronic low-dose treatment with cyclophosphamide or etoposide.
X-ray mutagenesis: base-pair deletion at a frameshift hotspot in Salmonella.

Abstract A frameshift mutation induced by X-rays in the histidinol dehydrogenase gene of Salmonella is shown to be a deletion of a G · C pair (−1) from a DNA repeat of three G · C pairs. This repeat is a hotspot for frameshifts induced by intercalating agents. Most of these are externally suppressible and test as an addition of a G · C pair (+1). There is no evidence for external suppression of the −1 frameshift. The results are consistent with previous suggestions that: (a) repeating DNA sequences are frameshift hotspots because these have an intrinsic tendency to mispair; and (b) frameshifts produced by radiation damage generally are deletions. The intercalating agents fail to revert the −1 frameshift to prototrophy; DNA repeats of at least three G · C pairs seem necessary for these intercalating agents to induce frameshifts by stabilizing mispairing.
Insiders, outsiders, advocates and apostates and the religions they study: Location and the sociology of religion:

Awareness of how researchers’ locations and sympathies influence their research agendas and outcomes has long been a topic for methodological consideration. This article complicates that question by considering the position of the researcher in relation to the position in society of the religions researched, and asks whether what we understand as constituting criticism or advocacy varies depending on whether the religions in question are powerful, dominating traditions or small, new, and/or beleaguered traditions. The Locations Matrix is an application of the insights of standpoint analysis to the question of critical research in the sociology of religion. Researchers’ own locations—as an insider, an outsider, an apostate and/or an advocate—have consequences for the questions they ask, and to whom they address them, as well as how they interpret the data they collect. This article pushes scholars of religion to reflect on the significance of their own location in relation to the location of the religion t...
SK&F 96365, a receptor-mediated calcium entry inhibitor, inhibits calcium responses to endothelin-1 in NG108-15 cells.

Abstract Endothelin-1 increases intracellular Ca 2+ in NG108-15 cells by mobilizing Ca 2+ from internal stores and by activating Ca 2+ entry through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltagegated channels and another, unidentified route. Since SK&F 96365 has recently been reported to inhibit receptor-mediated Ca 2+ entry in other systems, we examined its effect on intracellular Ca 2+ responses to endothelin-1, measured with the fluorescent Ca 2+ indicator fura-2, in NG108-15 cells. SK&F 96365 (30 μM) reduced both dihydropyridine-insensitive (peak) and dihydropyridine-sensitive (plateau) components of intracellular Ca 2+ responses to 5 nM endothelin-1. In the presence of 100 nM nimodipine, which blocks dihydropyridine-sensitive channels, SK&F 96365 caused concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca 2+ responses to 5 nM endothelin-1, with half-maximal inhibition at 16 μM. These findings support a role for receptor-mediated Ca 2+ entry in neurocellular Ca 2+ responses to endothelin-1.
The discovery of pluralistic ignorance: An ironic lesson

In recent years, an increasing number of social and behavioral scientists have begun to pay serious attention to pluralistic ignorance, the shared false ideas of individuals about the sentiments, thoughts, and actions of others. Most of these researchers are unaware of the original effort to investigate these patterns of cognitive error and, consequently, misunderstand, as did the original investigators, some of the implications of their own work. The discovery of this important social phenomenon by Floyd H. Allport and his students, Daniel Katz and Richard L. Schanck, and how their preoccupation with individual characteristics and their relative neglect of social characteristics led them to underestimate the value of their discovery, is discussed. Allport's original interest in pluralistic ignorance and how he and Katz documented it empirically are presented, as is a review of Schanck's research extending their analysis.
Incompleteness and the Romance with Science

It is argued that qualities of complete/incomplete science theory do not relate to the fertility or diversity or validity of science theory, but correspond with social, behavioral, moral values, and trespass into the realms of innate knowing, absolutes, cognition and behavior. It is suggested that terms employed such as "innately incomplete" are redundant in description- i.e.- "flats are innately flat"-a curved dwelling would not be suitable for habitation, it is similarly very difficult to find other words to speak of the notion of science as incomplete.
Stretched exponential spin recoveries in an ytterbium-doped lead phosphate glass

Temporal profiles of the recovery signal from paramagnetic Ybsup3+ ions, incorporated in a 50 wt. % PbO--50 wt. % ${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ glass, have been determined using the pulse saturation-recovery technique in the temperature range from 1.2 to 2.0 K. The recoveries vary exponentially with the square root of time over the last 25% (2.5 decades) of signal strength. No deviation from this dependence is observed in the tail of the recovery. The coefficient of \ensuremath{\surd}t in the exponent varies linearly with temperature and as the square root of the spin concentration.
After-discharges in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat: No oscillatory discharges for binding auditory information

Action potentials of single or multi-neurons were recorded from the DSCF, FM-FM and DF areas in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat to study stimulus-induced neural oscillation in the auditory system. Out of 125 neurons 120 recorded in these three areas showed after-discharges to a best stimulus. Durations of after-discharges of 120 neurons ranged between 4.8 and 217 ms. In the remaining 5 neurons, the duration of the discharges was shorter that of the stimulus. The PST histograms displaying responses of these 125 neurons showed no oscillatory component locked to the stimulus. 98% of the autocorrelograms of responses (122/125) showed no sign of oscillation, but the remaining two percent showed a very weak oscillatory component that was not stimulus-locked. The duration of the after-discharges had no correlation with the best delay or cortical depth of neurons. After-discharges are common in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat, but oscillatory discharges are very rare, so that neural oscillations play no role in binding various types of biosonar information processed in the different 'specialized' areas in the auditory cortex.
Identification of Severe or Extensive Coronary Artery Disease in Women by Adenosine Technetium-99m Sestamibi SPECT

Abstract To assess the ability of adenosine technetium-99m sestmibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to identify high-risk women with severe or extensive coronary artery disease (CAD), we studied 130 consecutive women who underwent adenosine sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT and catheterization within 2 months. Severe (≥50% stenosis of left main coronary artery, ≥90% stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending or in ≥2 coronary arteries) or extensive (≥70% stenosis in 3 vessels) CAD was present in 54 patients, whereas 76 had no CAD or mild to moderate CAD. Semiquantitative visual SPECT analysis used 20 segments and a 5-point scoring system (0 = normal, 4 = absent uptake). Among the clinical, hemodynamic and nuclear variables analyzed, univariate predictors of severe or extensive CAD included a higher prescan likelihood of CAD, history of myocardial infarction, a higher heart rate at rest, a lower increase in heart rate during adenosine infusion, a higher summed stress score, summed reversibility score, and multivessel scan abnormality. Multivariate logistic analysis of the most predictive clinical (prescan likelihood of CAD), hemodynamic (increase in heart rate during adenosine infusion), and scan variables (summed stress score) revealed summed stress score (chi-square = 32; p 8) during adenosine technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT had a high sensitivity of 91% and a moderately high specificity of 70% for identifying high-risk women with severe or extensive CAD. These results coupled with the previously defined prognostic significance of these findings suggest this test to be a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of CAD in women.
The influence of hydrostatic pressure and pH on the rate of lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by lysozyme.

Abstract Under the conditions employed, the rate of clearing of washed cell suspensions of Micrococcus lysodeikticus , measured photometrically, is nearly proportional to enzyme concentration and nearly inversely proportional to the initial concentration of cells. With a given amount of lysozyme (usually 1.5 μg./ml.) the density of a cell suspension decreases exponentially with time, until it is reduced to between 20 and 40% of that at the start, followed by a decreasing rate of clearing. Under increased hydrostatic pressures of 4000 and 8000 p.s.i., respectively, the rate of clearing is faster than at normal pressure at various pH's between 5.65 and 8.70, at 35 °C.
Solving the multiple instance problem with axis-parallel rectangles

The multiple instance problem arises in tasks where the training examples are ambiguous: a single example object may have many alternative feature vectors (instances) that describe it, and yet only one of those feature vectors may be responsible for the observed classification of the object. This paper describes and compares three kinds of algorithms that learn axis-parallel rectangles to solve the multiple instance problem. Algorithms that ignore the multiple instance problem perform very poorly. An algorithm that directly confronts the multiple instance problem (by attempting to identify which feature vectors are responsible for the observed classifications) performs best, giving 89% correct predictions on a musk odor prediction task. The paper also illustrates the use of artificial data to debug and compare these algorithms.
Microwave Sensing of Moisture Content in Selected Fruits and Vegetables

Moisture content is one of the most important factors determining the quality and affecting the storage and transportation of foodstuffs. One of the most widely used methods for on-line continuous non-destructive monitoring of moisture content is through the use of low-power microwave energy. Microwave aquametry is based on the relationship between the propagation of electromagnetic energy through a dielectric sample to its moisture content. Although these principles are widely applicable to a variety of food material, most of the research thus far has concentrated on characterizing the attenuation-moisture relationships of grain. Since a large volume of dried fruits and vegetables are processed daily by the food industry, there exists a need to similarly characterize the above relationships for various fruithegetable varieties. Our preliminary study of the attenuationmoisture relationships in various fruits and vegetables is the subject of this paper.
Predicting Self-Initiated Marijuana Use Cessation among Youth at Continuation High Schools.

The current article reports a large scale study of the prediction of marijuana use cessation among individuals attending alternative high schools who were regular users at baseline. Based on the Triadic Influence Theory, predictors of marijuana use cessation at one-year follow-up were organized by type of influence (e.g., interpersonal, cultural and attitudinal, and intrapersonal) and level of influence (e.g., distal and ultimate). Among the 522 students who were past 30-day marijuana users at baseline, quitting was defined as having not used marijuana in the last 30 days at one-year follow-up (43% of baseline users). To account for the level of influence we employed a theory-based analytic strategy, hierarchical regression. In the final multivariate model, lower level of baseline marijuana use and less of a likelihood to endorse pro-drug-use myths remained predictors of marijuana use cessation one year later. Implications of these findings include the need to develop cessation programs that reduce psychological dependence on marijuana use, and correct cognitive misperceptions about drug use in order to help adolescents make decisions that lead to health-promoting behaviors.
Minority‐Serving Institutions and the Education of U.S. Underrepresented Students

Numbers of students of color enrolling in higher educational institutions is expected to increase across all racial groups. With continued increases in minority enrollments, minority-serving institutions have and will continue to play a major role in educating student of color. A large national data set was used to examine the numbers of bachelor's degrees awarded to students by minority-serving institutions, predominantly minority institutions, and predominantly white institutions. The analysis indicates that minority-serving institutions are important producers of students of color who earn bachelor's degrees.
Distributed classification of Gaussian space-time sources in wireless sensor networks

Distributed signal processing techniques for classification of objects are studied assuming knowledge of sensor measurement statistics. The spatio-temporal signal field generated by an object is modeled as a bandlimited stationary ergodic Gaussian field. The model suggests a simple abstraction of correlation between node measurements: it partitions the network into disjoint spatial coherence regions over which the signal remains strongly correlated, whereas the signal in distinct coherence regions is approximately uncorrelated. The size of coherence regions is determined by spatial signal bandwidths. It is shown that this partitioning imposes a structure on optimal distributed classification algorithms that is naturally suited to the communication constraints of the network: local high-bandwidth exchange of feature vectors within each coherence region to improve the measurement signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and global low-bandwidth exchange of local decisions across coherence regions to stabilize the inherent variability in the signal. Classifier performance is analyzed for both soft and hard decision fusion across coherence regions assuming noise-free, as well as noisy communication links between nodes. Under mild conditions, the probability of error of all classification schemes (soft, hard, noisy) decays exponentially to zero with the number of independent node measurements-the error exponent depends on both the measurement and communication SNRs and decreases from soft to hard to noisy fusion. Numerical results based on real data illustrate the remarkable advantage of multiple sensor measurements in distributed decision making.
Cross-layer routing and rate control strategies for datagram-based wireless multi-hop CSMA/CA networks

We investigate multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks in which nodes use 802.11-based MAC and PHY. Each node independently selects its cross-layer parameter vector for each packet that it forwards. The latter consists of the setting of the transmission data rate and the identification of the neighboring node to which the packet is forwarded (and thus the selection of the route). We present an analytical model to calculate, for each candidate parameter vector, the corresponding attainable throughput and transport throughput capacity rates. To enable the network to transport traffic in a throughput-effective manner, we present cross-layer schemes under which each node configures its parameter vector by using the corresponding link transport capacity measure as a key metric. We present two such datagram-based cross-layer parameter vector selection schemes. We compare the throughput performance behavior attained through these schemes, as well as with that of schemes that do not use the link transport capacity as a metric. Our results confirm the precision of our analysis and demonstrate the distinct effectiveness of schemes that employ the link transport capacity measure.
Shared Perceptions Among Lesbian and Gay Police Officers: Barriers and Opportunities in the Law Enforcement Work Environment

Building on existing race- and sex-based research into the law enforcement workplace, this study examines differential treatment of lesbian and gay officers. A survey of 66 police officers revealed that lesbian and gay officers not only face barriers to equal employment opportunities similar to those faced by women and other minorities in law enforcement but also perceive some workplace benefits as lesbian or gay officers. The research suggests that police departments have made good strides in opening the law enforcement workforce but continue to face ongoing challenges in creating fair, diverse, and representative work environments for lesbian and gay officers. Policy implications as well as the organizational effects of both barriers and opportunities identified are discussed.
Uncoupling of the VEGF-endothelial nitric oxide axis in diabetic nephropathy: an explanation for the paradoxical effects of VEGF in renal disease

In many forms of experimental kidney diseases, renal VEGF is low, and administering VEGF can be shown to be protective. A paradox occurs in diabetes, in which renal VEGF levels are high and a deleterious effect of VEGF on kidney disease has been shown. We have hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia or other factors may underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of a high VEGF state. VEGF normally stimulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release and acts in concert with elevated NO levels as a trophic factor for vascular endothelium. The increased NO derived from the endothelial cell acts as an inhibitory factor that prevents excess endothelial cell proliferation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and macrophage infiltration. In the setting where NO bioavailability is reduced in diabetes, high levels of VEGF lead to excessive endothelial cell proliferation, stimulation of macrophage chemotaxis, and vascular smooth muscle cell activation. Consistent with this hypothesis is our recent observation that diabetes induced in endothelial NO-deficient mice results in clinical and histological features identical to human diabetic nephropathy. The discovery of the key role for impaired endothelial NO bioavailability in the stimulation of VEGF and VEGF-dependent disease may provide key insights into not only the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy but also the utility and hazard of administering VEGF as a treatment for kidney disease.
Functional analysis of key nuclear trafficking components reveals an atypical Ran network required for parasite pathogenesis.

Summary Protozoan parasites represent major public health challenges. Many aspects of their cell biology are distinct from their animal hosts, providing potential therapeutic targets. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that contains a divergent regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (TgRCC1) that is required for virulence and efficient nuclear trafficking. RCC1 proteins function as a guanine exchange factor for Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), an abundant GTPase responsible for the majority of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here we show that while there are dramatic differences from well-conserved RCC1 proteins, TgRCC1 associates with chromatin, interacts with Ran and complements a mammalian temperature-sensitive RCC1 mutant cell line. During the investigation of TgRCC1, we observed several unprecedented phenotypes for TgRan, despite a high level of sequence conservation. The cellular distribution of TgRan is found throughout the parasite cell, whereas Ran in late branching eukaryotes is predominantly nuclear. Additionally, T. gondii tolerates at least low-level expression of dominant lethal Ran mutants. Wild type parasites expressing dominant negative TgRan grew similarly to wild type in standard tissue culture conditions, but were attenuated in serum-starved host cells and mice. These growth characteristics paralleled the TgRCC1 mutant and highlight the importance of the nuclear transport pathway for virulence of eukaryotic pathogens.
The control of environmental pollution and optimal investment and employment decisions

This paper develops an optimal control model for the firm's decision-making concerning pollution control spending, employment and investment. The model explicitly considers the impact of adjustment costs of changing the level of the pollution stock and involves three state variables and two control variables. Necessary conditions are derived by the maximum principle. The results include an optimal employment-investment-pollution abatement programme, an optimal pollution control decision rule, the equilibrium optimal pollution control and spending plan, and the equilibrium employment-investment decision.
Tonicity-independent regulation of the osmosensitive transcription factor TonEBP (NFAT5)

Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 [NFAT5]) is a Rel homology transcription factor classically known for its osmosensitive role in regulating cellular homeostasis during states of hypo- and hypertonic stress. A recently growing body of research indicates that TonEBP is not solely regulated by tonicity, but that it can be stimulated by various tonicity-independent mechanisms in both hypertonic and isotonic tissues. Physiological and pathophysiological stimuli such as cytokines, growth factors, receptor and integrin activation, contractile agonists, ions, and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the positive regulation of TonEBP expression and activity in diverse cell types. These new data demonstrate that tonicity-independent stimulation of TonEBP is critical for tissue-specific functions like enhanced cell survival, migration, proliferation, vascular remodeling, carcinoma invasion, and angiogenesis. Continuing research will provide a better understanding as to how these and other alternative TonEBP stimuli regulate gene expression in both health and disease.
Micromechanical Modeling of Viscoelastic Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composites

A micromechanics model is developed for predicting the linearly viscoelastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites. By employing the Correspondence Principle in viscoelasticity, the Mori-Tanaka method is extended to the Carson domain. The inversion of the creep compliances from the Carson (transformed) domain to the time (physical) domain is accomplished numerically by using a recently developed multi-precision algorithm. The new micromechanics model is validated by comparing with existing experimental data. By applying the presently developed model, a parametric study for the creep behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composites is conducted, with testing temperature, nanotube aspect ratio, nanotube volume fraction and nanotube orientation as the controlling parameters. For composites having unidirectionally aligned nanotubes, numerical results indicate that the increase of the nanotube aspect ratio significantly enhances their axial creep resistance but has insignificant ...
Cardiovascular phenotyping of the mouse heart using a 4D radial acquisition and liposomal Gd‐DTPA‐BMA

Magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy has enormous potential for small animal cardiac imaging, because it is capable of producing volumetric images at multiple time points to accurately measure cardiac function. MR has not been used as frequently as ultrasound to measure cardiac function in the small animal because the MR methods required relatively long scan times, limiting throughput. Here, we demonstrate 4D radial acquisition in conjunction with a liposomal blood pool agent to explore functional differences in three populations of mice: 6 C57BL/6J mice, 6 DBA/2J mice, and 6 DBA/2J CSQ+ mice, all with the same gestational age and approximately the same weight. Cardiovascular function was determined by measuring both left ventricular and right ventricular end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction. Statistical significance was observed in end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and ejection fraction for left ventricular measurements between all three populations of mice. No statistically significant difference was observed in stroke volume in either the left or right ventricle for any of the three populations of mice. This study shows that MR imaging is capable of efficient, high-throughput four-dimensional cardiovascular phenotyping of the mouse.
Multiuser adaptation exploiting channel statistics in an OFDMA uplink

The achievable average sum rate of an OFDMA uplink with multiuser adaptation based on the channel statistics information is investigated in this paper. Multiuser adaptation using channel mean and tap correlation simultaneously is shown to offer large gains in spectral efficiency compared to both uniform subcarrier and power allocation and multiuser adaptation exploiting channel mean information only. Multiuser adaptation efficiently captures multiuser diversity with limited feedback. The impacts of the Ricean K-factor, the magnitude of tap correlation and the number of simultaneously scheduled users per OFDM symbol on the average sum rate are also investigated
Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol 3. Effects of three different fungicides on developmental stages of three AM fungi

The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungiGlomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.),Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe andGigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i) kg−1 soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg−1 soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G.etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO2 concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg−1 soil did not affect the root length colonized byG. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized byG. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reducedG. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized byG. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation byG. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization byG. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi.G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fungus. Overall,G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, andG. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions.
New analytical functions for a skin and storage effect – An insight to decouple fracture half-length and square-root of permeability

Abstract Several solutions to the double porosity model have been presented. There are solutions for closed outer boundary systems as well as infinite acting boundary conditions with constant rate or constant pressure inner boundary conditions. A common assumption in all of these solutions is that the fracture has a quadrilateral (linear) geometry. Very few solutions exist for cases were the fracture is assumed to have a circular geometry. This is the first work that presents approximate early and late time solutions for flow from fractures that have a circular geometry where the inter porosity transfer function is model with an unsteady state function. The result obtained from this analysis shows that the function behaves in a manner identical to production data from fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs (including early time data that is usually assumed to be obscured by skin and wellbore/fracture storage effects). The double porosity model was formulated for a fractured horizontal well in which the fractures were assumed to have a circular geometry. The associated mathematical model was then solved with Laplace transforms to obtain a closed form analytical solution in Laplace space. We then derive the approximate early and late time solutions by using special properties of Bessel functions and the Laplace space solution. The solutions were derived for a constant-pressure and constant-rate inner-boundary condition with a no flow outer-boundary condition. The approximate early time solution obtained is identical to the solution obtained when the fracture is assumed to have a quadrilateral geometry. But it has two additional parameters. A detailed sensitivity analysis showed that fracture thickness does not have a significant impact on the producing characteristics. The approximate late-time solution has a production history identical to that observed from field production data. The approximate late-time solution also has a slope of two on a log–log plot of rate verses time; this has not been report before in the literature. A comparison of the approximate late-time solution to traditional linear fracture solutions with skin and storage effect lead to the development of new skin and fracture storage functions. The significance of this result is that the new skin and fracture storage functions suggest that they can be used to decouple the product of fracture half-length and the square-root of permeability from early-time production data.
A Young Woman With a Supraclavicular Mass.

Ayoungwoman presentedwith a 4-month history of a 2.0-cmmass in her right supraclavicular region. She had a cough and fatigue at the time, but no other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection at onset. She attributed her fatigue to staying up late studying andhadnot triedanytreatments, includingantibiotics. Shedeniedanytrauma,night sweats, fever, chills,weight loss,generalizedpruritusor lymphadenopathy inotherareasofherbody, anyvoicechange,dysphagia,odynophagia,hoarseness,hemoptysis,hematemesis,orweight loss. Her family history was positive for breast cancer in her mother, and the patient was a lifelongnonsmoker.Physical examination revealedpalpablenontender, freelymovablemass in the right supraclavicular region. Palpationof theparotid, submandibular glands, and thyroid gland did not reveal any suspicious masses or tenderness. No mucosal lesions, scars, ormasseswere found on intraoral examination, with clear oropharynx. Computed tomography revealed a 2.0-cm, right-sided supraclavicularmass just anterior and superior to the right subclavian veinwith central patches of hypoattenuation (Figure, A). Results from initial ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspirationwere nondiagnostic. Subsequent ultrasonography-guidedcoreneedlebiopsyonsupraclavicular aspirate showedabenignspindle cellproliferationarranged inatissue-culture–likepatternwithamyxoidtocollagenousstroma (Figures, B and C). Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated the cells to be positive for actin and negative for cytokeratin and S100 protein. Computed tomographic image A
Effects of some fixatives on inclusion bodies of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

SummaryPrimary bovine kidney epithelial cells grown in tissue culture monolayers were infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, treated with various common fixatives, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Of fixatives used, Bouin's and Zenker's gave the best demonstration of characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Further work with components of these 2 fluids indicated that for best demonstration of inclusions, a highly acidic fixative containing acetate ions and a mordanting agent is needed.
A missing tooth after intubation.

A middle-aged man developed hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring emergent endotracheal intubation for airway management. Postintubation chest X-ray revealed a foreign body located in the trachea (figure 1), which was later determined to be a dislodged tooth. Dental injuries during endotracheal intubation are estimated to occur on average 1.13% of the time, with an …
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Causing Neonatal Infections

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of bacteria and their susceptibility to antimicrobials and to establish a basis for empirical treatment of the neonatal infections. Methods:Identification of bacteria were performed according to the National Standard of Clinical Microbiological Test. Disk diffusion were used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Results: A total of 2,244 strains were isolated from the samples collected in our neonatal ward from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998. The predominant species ranked the first three were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli in the group I (infections acquired outside of hospital). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked the first three in the group Ⅱ(nosocomial infections). The resistance rates of bacterial isolates from group Ⅱ to antimicrobial agents including penicillin and ampicillin were significantly higher than that from group I (P0.05). The sensitivity rate was 82.2% by using amikacin only, but raised to 89% when combined with penicillin. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of nosocomial infections of neonates in our hospital but Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens of infections acquired outside of hospital. The nosocomial pathogens were more prone to developing drug resistance. It is recommended that the combinative use of amikacin and penicillin be employed as primary antibiotics for treatment of neonatal infections.
Peritoneal encapsulation of the small intestine.

A case of peritoneal encapsulation of the small intestine found at autopsy, possibly associated with symptoms during life, is described. Four previous cases are reviewed and the embryological basis of the anomaly is discussed.
Favorable ten-year experience with valve procedures for active infective endocarditis.

We have reviewed our 1972 to 1982 experience with valve procedures for infective endocarditis in 52 consecutive patients to evaluate the results of an interdisciplinary policy of early operation for uncontrolled complications. There were 47 patients with native valve endocarditis and five with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Twenty-seven were drug addicts and 25 were not Thirty-seven (71%) required operation during the active phase of the disease and 15 during the inactive phase. Ninety-three percent of the addicts, 41% of the nonaddicts, and all patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis were in the active group. The distribution of infected valves was as follows: aortic, 21 active and 10 inactive; mitral, six active and three inactive; aortic and mitral, five active and two inactive; aortic and tricuspid, one active and none inactive; and tricuspid, four active and none inactive. Streptococcus was the most common infecting organism in both groups—predominantly group D in addicts and non-D in nonaddicts. Staphylococcus, gram-negative rods, and fungi occurred only in the active group. Indications for operation were congestive heart failure alone (19 active and 15 inactive), congestive heart failure and refractory infection or major emboli (nine active and none inactive), and resistant or refractory infection alone or with emboli (nine active and none inactive). Periannular abscess or aneurysm formation was most frequent at the aortic valve site in patients with native valve endocarditis; it occurred in 13 of 25 patients (52%) in the active group and in one of 12 patients (8%) in the inactive group. Six patients with preoperative stroke syndromes underwent operation without neurological deterioration; two patients had rupture of cerebral mycotic aneurysms postoperatively. Hospital mortality was 8% (3/7) in the active group and 0% in the inactive group. The late actuarial survival rate was 64% at 5 years and 54% at 10 years. Seven of nine deaths in the addict group were related to continued drug use, with five deaths occurring in the first 18 months. These results support a policy of early operation for uncontrolled complications with attention to the particular problems of active endocarditis.
Optimization of the Bowtie Gap Geometry for a Maximum Electric Field Enhancement

Optimization of the geometry of a metallic bowtie gap at radio frequency is presented. We investigate the geometry of the bowtie gap including gap size, tip width, metal thickness and tip angle at macroscale to find the maximum electric field enhancement across the gap. The results indicate that 90∘ bowtie with 0.06 λ gap size has the most |E t |2 enhancement. Effects of changing the permittivity and conductivity of the material across the gap are also investigated. NEC-2 simulations show that the numerical calculations agree with the experimental results. Since the design and fabrication of a plasmonic device (nanogap) at nanoscale is challenging, the results of this study can be used to estimate the best design parameters for nanogap structure. Different amounts of enhancement at different frequency ranges are explained by mode volume. The product of the mode volume and |E t |2 enhancement is constant for different gap structures and different frequencies.
Strategieverständnis im Rahmen der internationalen Marktbearbeitung

Etymologisch findet der Begriff der Strategic seinen Ursprung im Griechi.schen. Er setzt sich zusammen aus ,,stratos" (Heer) und ,,agos" (FUhrer). Im antiken Athen wurde er synonym verwendet fiir die Begrifllichkeiten Feldherr, Berehlshaber, oberste MilitiirbehOrde und Kunst der Heerfiihrung. Auch in den deutschen Sprachgebrauch fand der Strategiebegriff seinen Weg iiber den militirischen Bereich.
Charge Recombination in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode Host–Guest Systems through QM/MM Simulations

Host–guest systems are crucial for achieving high efficiency in most organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. However, charge recombination in such systems is poorly understood due to complicated molecular environment, making the rational design of host–guest systems difficult. In this article, we present a computational study of a phosphorescent OLED with 2,8-bis(triphenylsilyl)dibenzofuran (BTDF) as the host and fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (fac-Ir(ppy)3) as the guest, using a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme. A new reaction coordinate is introduced to measure the electrostatic interactions between the host and guest molecules. Ionization potentials and electron affinities of the host show broader distributions as the host–guest interaction increases. On the basis of these distributions, we describe a molecular picture of charge recombination on the guest and find a direct charge trapping route for this system. Our results suggest several strategies for the design ...