cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Neonatal Ebstein’s Anomaly Associated With Circular Shunt:

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that may present in the neonatal period with life-threatening physiologic derangement, especially when it is associated with circular shunt. Urgent surgical intervention is critical for survival because of hemodynamic compromise. We review our experience with surgical management of neonates with Ebstein's anomaly associated with circular shunt and review the literature for similar reported cases. The underlying pathophysiology and different options of treatment are discussed.
Nano-hydroxyapatite stimulation of gene expression requires Fgf receptor, phosphate transporter, and Erk1/2 signaling.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is critical to health both as the main structural material of the skeleton and storage material of calcium and phosphate. Nanosized HAp (nHAp) is naturally produced by mineralizing cells during bone formation and remodeling and is the main constituent of the skeleton. As such, HAp is currently being investigated as a therapeutic biomaterial for orthopedic and dental purposes. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular nHAp can influence osteoblast lineage commitment and cell function through changes in gene expression; however, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, the cellular and molecular mechanism by which rod-shaped nHAp (10 × 100 nm) stimulates gene expression in preosteoblast bone marrow stromal cells was investigated. Electron microscopy detected a rapid and stable interaction of nHAp with the cell membrane, which correlated with a strong stimulation of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Results also identified the requirement of the Fgf receptor signaling and phospha...
ESR2 regulates granulosa cell genes essential for follicle maturation and ovulation.

Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a critical role in folliculogenesis and ovulation. Disruption of ESR2-function in the rats results in female infertility due to failure of ovulation. Ovulation failure occurred in two distinct rat models, a null mutant and a DNA binding domain (DBD) mutant of ESR2, indicating that transcriptional regulation by ESR2 is indispensable for ovulation. To define the regulatory role of ESR2 in preovulatory follicular maturation and ovulation, we investigated ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins in prepubertal females. Granulosa cells (GCs) play a vital role in follicle maturation and ovulation, and ESR2-dependent estrogen signaling is predominant in GCs, therefore, we examined the differential expression of gonadotropin-induced genes in GCs. Of 32,623 genes detected by RNA-sequencing, 1696 were differentially expressed in Esr2-mutant rats (789 downregulated, and 907 upregulated, absolute fold change 2, FDR p < 0.05). Molecular pathway analyses indicated that these differentially expressed genes are involved in steroidogenesis, follicle maturation, and ovulation. Many of these genes are known regulators of ovarian function and a subset were also disrupted in Esr2-mutant mice. Interestingly, Kiss1 was identified as one of the differentially expressed genes implicating a potential role within the follicle and its regulation by ESR2. Our findings indicate that ESR2 regulates key genes in GCs that are essential for follicle maturation and ovulation in the rat.
Whole Body Cryotherapy Induced Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (P3.118)

Objective: To report a rare occurrence of RCVS Background: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by transient cerebral arteriopathy sometimes resulting in cerebral infarction. A wide array of etiologies exist for this disorder. We report on a never before reported potential etiology involving whole body cryotherapy. Whole body cryotherapy is a commonly used therapy that involves exposing individuals to extremely cold air and is used to treat conditions ranging from athletic injuries, to osteoarthritis, and even mental illness. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A previously healthy 24 year old male with no headache history entered cryotherapy container with his head not exposed at −200 C for 2–3 minutes. 1 minute into treatment he experienced sudden onset severe holocephalic headache. Upon evaluation MRI brain was normal, however CT angiography of the head revealed multifocal segmental stenoses in the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery distributions bilaterally. He was treated with verapamil, headache rapidly resolved, and he was discharged without lasting sequella. Conclusions: Conditions generally associated with RCVS include pregnancy, migraines, and certain medications. No reported cases of cryotherapy induced RCVS were found. This case indicates the potential for whole body cryotherapy to induce RCVS. We postulate that aberration in cerebral autoregulation secondary to the extreme cold may account for our patient’s incidence of RCVS. Clinicians should be aware of potential for significant neurologic consequences from this therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Atkins has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Allergan and Avanir.
Multi-dimensional coexistence: Using a spatial-spectral mask for spectrum sharing in directional radar and communication

Space and transmission direction should be considered to give an additional degree of freedom for wireless coexistence in several contemporary applications. Multiple-element arrays allow beam-steering in both radar and fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. In sharing the wireless spectrum, coexistence in both the spectral and spatial domains can be simultaneously considered. This paper considers how spatial beamforming considerations can be added to spectral masking to govern and confine wireless transmissions as a function of both transmission angle and transmission frequency, and how this framework can be used to promote real-time, adaptive coexistence between different wireless systems.
Atrial Peptides in the Endocrine Control of Fluid and Cardiovascular Homeostasis

1. The effects of ANP on the baroreflex control of hormonal systems which control fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis were studied in conscious dogs. 2. Infusion of ANP, in contrast to other hypotensive maneuvers, did not result in tachycardia or increases in plasma renin activity, ACTH or vasopressin secretion. 3. The renin response to local decreases in renal perfusion pressure obtained by abdominal aortic constriction was prevented by infusion of ANP at low rates. 4. ANP does not completely block renin secretion in situations where there is increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, e.g. thoracic caval constriction. Infusion of ANP and propanolol together, however, does completely block rening secretion under these circumstances. 5. The most sensitive effect of ANP is to block angiotensin II stimulation of aldosterone secretin. 6. As ANP is released in response to small increases in atrial pressure and acts to reduce blood pressure and salt and water retention, it may have a physiological role to prevent over-expansion of blood volume.
On the Meaning of the “Catholic Intellectual Tradition”

The phrase "Catholic intellectual tradition" appears in many self-descriptions of Catholic colleges and universities. It communicates the identity of these institutions to the broader Catholic community, to members of the particular college or university community, and to the broader academic world. The phrase "Catholic intellectual tradition" suggests a fundamental confidence in reason as evidenced in the long list of classics in the history of Catholicism. The Catholic intellectual tradition seeks integration among disciplines inviting convergence, dialogue, and transformation. The tradition is grounded in basic theological affirmations about God and human persons.
From MARS to MAGIC: The remarkable journey through time and space of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation initiative.

For over 30 years, "evidence-based" clinical guidelines remained entrenched in an oversimplified, design-based, framework for rating the strength of evidence supporting clinical recommendations. The approach frequently equated the rating of evidence with that of the recommendations themselves. "Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)" has emerged as a proposed antidote to obsolete guideline methodology. GRADE sponsors and collaborators are in the process of attempting to amplify and extend the framework to encompass implementation and adaptation of guidelines, above and beyond the evaluation and rating of clinical research. Alternative schemes and models for such extensions are beginning to appear. This commentary reviews the strengths and weaknesses of GRADE with reference to other recent critiques. It considers the GRADE Working Group's "evidence-to-decision" extension of the evidence rating framework, together with proposed alternatives. It identifies pitfalls of the GRADE system's cooptation of relational processes necessary to the interpretation and uptake of recommendations that properly belong to end-users. It also identifies dangers inherent in blurring important boundaries between clinical and policy applications of guidelines. Finally, it addresses criticisms regarding the lack of a theoretical framework supporting the different facets of the GRADE approach and proposes a social constructivist orientation to clinical guideline development and use. Recommendations are offered to potential guideline developers and users regarding how to draw upon the strengths of the GRADE framework without succumbing to its pitfalls.
Reimagining the Big Data assemblage

Recent work on Big Data and analytics reveals a tension between analyzing the role of emerging objects and processes in existing systems and using those same objects and processes to create new and...
Dyslexia-friendly fonts: Using Open Dyslexic to increase exhibit access

I n two recent exhibits at Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M University, we made the decision to try to increase the level of access to both the objects and their explanatory texts, for patrons who suffer from dyslexia. One of our then-student workers, herself dyslexic, proposed to library administration that our exhibits would be more welcoming if we had a way to provide for dyslexics and ease their exhibit experience. We agreed that this was an excellent idea and, in fact, kicked ourselves for not having thought of it earlier. We present this small summary of our experience in order that other institutions might see it as a useful case study for adapting their own exhibits or public programming to meet the needs of dyslexic patrons and visitors.
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life by Socio-Demographic Characteristics: Findings from the Sustaining Quality of Life of the Aged: Transplant or Mechanical Support (SUSTAIN-IT) Study

Purpose Sociodemographic comparisons in outcomes of patients (pts) with heart failure (HF) typically focus on morbidity and mortality, not health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We examined differences in HRQOL by race (white vs non-white), gender, and insurance type (private vs Medicare/Medicaid) in advanced HF pts prior to heart transplantation (HT) or mechanical circulatory support as destination therapy (DT MCS). Methods We enrolled 344 pts awaiting HT (n=207, 100 with MCS and 107 without MCS) and DT MCS (n=137) at 13 U.S. sites from 10/1/15-9/15/18. HRQOL was measured using the generic EQ-5D-3L (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]: 0-100=worst to best health state) and HF-specific KCCQ-12 (0-100=lowest to highest health status). Statistical analyses included descriptive summaries, t-tests and baseline-adjusted regression models. Results Most pts were white and male. The DT MCS group was older than the HT group (DT = 68.6±5.1 vs HT with MCS = 64.5±3.3 vs HT without MCS = 64.0±2.9 years, p Conclusion Socio-demographic differences in overall HRQOL were found only for pts prior to DT MCS, but not HT. Furthermore, DT pts also had worse pre-operative overall HRQOL than HT pts with MCS. These race- and gender-specific differences in overall HRQOL require further research and may assist clinicians to target HRQOL-focused therapies to DT MCS pts.
TOOTHLESS: The Methamphetamine “Epidemic,” “Meth Mouth,” and the Racial Construction of Drug Scares

From “reefer madness” to “crack babies,” American drug scares demonstrate that race shapes the construction of epidemics and diagnoses. This research brief reexamines the racial construction of drug scares in light of the recent methamphetamine (meth) scare, a drug “epidemic” constructed as White and accompanied by a new diagnosis: “meth mouth.” Through examination of survey data and dental research, I challenge the evidence for both the “epidemic” upsurge in meth use and the “meth mouth” diagnosis. Given the weak evidentiary basis for epidemic and diagnosis, I offer a preliminary interpretation that the meth epidemic is constructed as symptom and cause of White status decline, with dental decay the vehicle for anxieties about descent into “White trash” status.
ReviewChain: Smart Contract Based Review System with Multi-Blockchain Gateway

A review system is a valuable component in E-commerce applications. Existing centralized review systems are prone to review frauds and manipulations. A decentralized, immutable and auditable blockchain system is a natural fit to prevent fraudulent and manipulated reviews. We develop and implement ReviewChain, a decentralized review system using Ethereum smart contract. ReviewChain validates new reviews by querying the identity of purchasers from a supply chain system. We assume that the supply chain system is based on blockchain technology. We develop and implement a mechanism to tie two disparate Ethereum based blockchain networks. Ethereum smart contract code is limited and cannot make external procedure calls. Therefore, we introduce multi-blockchain gateway nodes called notaries. Our proposed smart contracts and notaries allow us to interface two blockchains effectively. We run ReviewChain and discuss how various design parameters impact the system performance.
Parallel rotation for negating Coriolis force effect on heat transfer

Gas turbine blades feature multi-pass internal cooling channels, through which relatively colder air bled from the compressor is routed to cool internal walls. Under rotation, due to the influence of Coriolis force and centrifugal buoyancy, heat transfer at the trailing side enhances and that at the leading side reduces, for a radially outward flow. This non-uniform temperature distribution results in increased thermal stress, which is detrimental to blade life. In this study, a rotation configuration is presented which can negate the Coriolis force effect on heat and fluid flow, thereby maintaining uniform heat transfer on leading and trailing walls. A straight, smooth duct of unit aspect ratio is considered to demonstrate the concept and understand the fluid flow within the channel and its interaction with the walls. The new design is compared against the conventional rotation design. Numerical simulations under steady-state condition were carried out at a Reynolds number of 25000, where the Rotation numbers were varied as 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25. Realisable version of k- model was used for turbulence modelling. It was observed that new rotation (parallel) configuration’s heat transfer on leading and trailing sides were near similar, and trailing side was marginally higher compared to leading side. An interesting phenomenon of secondary Coriolis effect is reported which accounts for the minor differences in heat transfer augmentation between leading and trailing walls. Due to centrifugal buoyancy, the fluid is pushed towards the radially outward wall, resulting in a counter-rotating vortex pair, which also enhances the heat transfer on leading and trailing walls when compared to stationary case.
A Behavioral Epigenetics Model to Predict Oral Feeding Skills in Preterm Infants.

Background Preterm infants experience a multitude of prenatal and postnatal stressors, resulting in cumulative stress exposure, which may jeopardize the timely attainment of developmental milestones, such as achieving oral feeding. Up to 70% of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit experience challenges while initiating oral feeding. Oral feeding skills require intact neurobehavioral development. Evolving evidence demonstrates that cumulative stress exposure results in epigenetic modification of glucocorticoid-related genes. Epigenetics is a field of study that focuses on phenotypic changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification of glucocorticoid-related genes alters cortisol reactivity to environmental stimuli, which may influence neurobehavioral development, and is the essence of the evolving field of Preterm Behavioral Epigenetics. It is plausible that early-life cumulative stress exposure and the ensuing epigenetic modification of glucocorticoid-related genes impair neurobehavioral development required for achievement of oral feeding skills in preterm infants. Purpose The purpose of this article is to build upon the evolving science of Preterm Behavioral Epigenetics and present a conceptual model that explicates how cumulative stress exposure affects neurobehavioral development and achievement of oral feeding skills through epigenetic modification of glucocorticoid-related genes. Methods/results Using the Preterm Behavioral Epigenetics framework and supporting literature, we present a conceptual model in which early-life cumulative stress exposure, reflected by DNA methylation of glucocorticoid-related genes and altered cortisol reactivity, disrupts neurobehavioral development critical for achievement of oral feeding skills. Implications for practice and research Future investigations guided by the proposed conceptual model will benefit preterm infant outcomes by introducing epigenetic-based approaches to assess and monitor preterm infant oral feeding skills. Furthermore, the proposed model can guide future investigations that develop and test epigenetic protective interventions to improve clinical outcomes, representing an innovation in neonatal care.
MRI and EEG accurately classify favorable prognosis for patients with postanoxic myoclonus: Paradigm shift

Most patients with postanoxic myoclonus (PAM) have poor outcomes; consequently, prognostication studies have largely focused on identifying patients with little chance of recovery.1 Recent studies, however, show that about 9% of patients with PAM have favorable outcomes.2 Until now, there have been limited clinical methods to identify these patients.3,4 A major difficulty is that many of the treatments used to treat hypoxic–ischemic coma, such as therapeutic hypothermia and antiseizure treatment, may interfere with patients' neurophysiologic tests and clinical evaluations.5,7
Joint estimation of stokes images and aberrations from phase-diverse polarimetric measurements

A penalized likelihood algorithm for joint estimation of Stokes images and aberrations for a four channel polarimeter utilizing phase diversity is derived. System optimization is investigated using a Cramer-Rao bound. Simulation results are presented.
Lost in Translation, Recovered in Conversation? Introducing Leadership's Social Media Profile:

‘Twitter is not a technology, it’s a conversation. And it’s happening with or without you.’1As Leadership takes its first steps into the realm of social media, we should think about why we are doin...
Consequences of treatment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with undiagnosed Gaucher disease Type 1

Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a disorder of the immune system, have several overlapping clinical features including cytopenias, elevated serum ferritin, and splenomegaly. Prior reports of acute infantile neuronopathic, Type 2 Gaucher disease manifesting with signs of HLH have been published. Here we describe an adult patient who was initially suspected of having HLH, and was treated with a 10-day course of etoposide and a 5-day course alemtuzumab for presumptive HLH, only to later to have his presentation be determined to be due to Type 1 Gaucher disease. HLH chemotherapy treatment appeared to trigger a severe Gaucher acute pain crisis and extensive bony disease including avascular necrosis. Prolonged immunosuppression, and recurrent infections further complicated a lengthy hospitalization. We discuss the clinical overlap between Gaucher and HLH and the iatrogenic consequences of HLH-directed therapy on underlying Type 1 Gaucher disease.
Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides to Synthesize Functionalized Poly(α-Hydroxy Acids)

Poly(α-hydroxy acids), as a family of biodegradable polyesters, are valuable materials due to their broad applications in packaging, agriculture, and biomedical engineering. Herein we highlight and explore recent advances of catalysts in controlled ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides towards functionalized poly(α-hydroxy acids), especially metal catalyst-mediated controlled polymerization. Limitations of current polymerization strategies of O-carboxyanhydrides are discussed.
Sustainable Practices in Furniture Design: Can Green Practices Influence Competitiveness?

Furniture represents a significant component of hardwood utilization and production internationally, and sustainable design practices are becoming more widespread in response to increased consumer demand for green products. In this research, we consider ecosystem services - the benefits people derive from ecosystems - from a secondary wood products perspective. We review and synthesize the literature surrounding the design, use, and disposition of wood furniture and related products in global markets. We consider emerging and innovative design strategies for wood (for example in biomimicry) as well as topics that have been gaining traction for several years (i.e. green supply chain management, eco/environmental labels, and willingness to pay for green products). An overarching theme is to consider how firm competitiveness can be influenced, or even enhanced, by green practices in design and associated communications with consumers. With a trend toward increasing customization in the secondary wood product marketplace, the role of design might be changing. However, design remains a critical product development function in modern markets, and designers are well-positioned to influence sustainable material utilization as well as improve product use and lifespan. The role of product design is expected to remain significant as consumers value green practices and have more product choices in an increasingly customized economy.
Compatibility of SiC with ODS FeCrAl in flowing Pb-Li at 600°–700 °C

Abstract To establish the maximum operating temperature for the dual coolant lead lithium (DCLL) blanket concept, thermal convection loop (TCL) experiments were conducted for 1000 h with a peak temperature of 700 °C to determine compatibility with commercial eutectic Pb∼17at.%Li. Two TCLs were fabricated from alloy APMT (FeCrAlMo) and the baseline TCL experiment contained only APMT specimens. The second TCL experiment exposed more fusion relevant CVD SiC and ODS Fe-10Cr-6Al specimens in the hot and cold legs. In the second experiment, the mass losses were much larger for the ODS FeCrAl specimens and most of the CVD SiC specimens experienced a mass gain as SiC reacted to form an Fe- and Cr-rich carbide reaction product. Dissolved Fe and Cr reacted with the SiC and removing Fe and Cr from the liquid appeared to increase ODS FeCrAl dissolution. Such a dissimilar material interaction appears consistent with thermodynamic calculations. Significant attack at the top of the hot leg in both experiments suggests that the Pb-Li compatibility of FeCrAl alloys is inadequate at 700 °C in a flowing environment and the maximum PbLi temperature is
The true story of Newtonian gravity

Physics textbooks generally present the equation for universal gravitation as if it sprang fully formed from the head of Isaac Newton, which it most certainly did not. This analysis traces the development of Classical/Newtonian gravity as it evolved from Aristotle to Copernicus to Kepler, Horrocks, Roberval, Boulliau, Baliani, Borelli, Hooke, Halley, Wren, Newton, and Cavendish, and then finally on to C. V. Boys and J. H. Poynting. By focusing on the evolution of the underlying physics, we unfold a fascinating story that has never quite been told before, one we hope will provide insights useful in the classroom.
Sympathetic Respect, Respectful Sympathy

To be more than a meta-ethical stance, moral phenomenology must provide an account of moral norms. This paper unites two sorts of phenomenological considerations. The first considers the teleological character of intentional experiences as ordered toward "truthfulness" in all the spheres of reason (cognitive-theoretical, axiological, and practical) and toward a notion of self-responsibility for our beliefs, attitudes, and actions as the flourishing of rational agents. The second considers the phenomenological tradition's identification of empathy as the experience in which we encounter others as conscious agents like me but irreducibly different from me and that grounds the emotions of respect and sympathy. Respect grasps the other conscious agent as an irreducibly different cognizing, rational, reflection-capable being, as making articulated judgments of value, and as making articulated choices about what activities conduce to what ends. Respect for others cannot be separated from a sympathetic care for others, a sympathy that inclines one toward caring for and aiding the other person in developing her own rational capacities. Sympathy, in brief, complements respect. At the same time, respect complements sympathy insofar as sympathy runs the risk of transmuting into paternalism. This is why, just as we need sympathy in relation to respect, we need respect in relation to sympathy. The paper introduces a distinction between first-order goods for an agent and the second-order goods associated with truthfulness. The second-order goods, the paper argues, necessarily override first-order goods when they prevent the attainment of the second-order goods for anyone.
Mie Resonance Based Quantum Optical Circuits Integrated with on-chip Single Photon Source Array for Quantum Information Processing

We present theoretical study on a new class of quantum optical circuits based on Mie resonance of dielectric metastructures, providing all needed light manipulating functions with a single mode eliminating mode-matching problem and thereby enabling entanglement between distinct single photon sources for quantum information processing.
Disclosure regulations work: The case of regulation G

Regulators and standard setters strive to enhance the transparency of corporate disclosures. To address concerns regarding the improper use of non-GAAP financial measures, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) implemented Regulation G and related amendments in 2003. US firms that report non-GAAP earnings must now reconcile them with the most directly comparable GAAP earnings, which are presented with equal or greater prominence than non-GAAP earnings. This paper examines the effect of Regulation G on analysts’ information environment for non-GAAP reporting firms. Before Regulation G, non-GAAP earnings reporting is associated with less accurate, more positively biased, and more dispersed analysts’ earnings forecasts. By contrast, the quality of analysts’ earnings forecasts for non-GAAP reporting firms is enhanced by higher accuracy, less bias, and lower dispersion after Regulation G. The case for Regulation G making non-GAAP disclosures more transparent may be relevant for regulators and standard setters when considering future disclosure regulations.
Multi-frame Abnormality Detection in Video Capsule Endoscopy

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) provides a minimally invasive and highly effective screening mechanism for gut illness. Unfortunately, current methods require physicians to manually review the lengthy VCE recordings, which is both tedious and cost-prohibitive. Furthermore, available automation techniques are limited, and there is little publicly available data for developing such tools. This paper presents a novel multi-frame methodology for capsule localization and small bowel abnormality detection in VCE recordings. Unlike existing models, the deep-learning architecture incorporates contextual cues in adjacent frames to identify abnormalities. This approach corresponds with how physicians review VCE to identify disease and results in more efficient and effective models. To support model development, we developed a customized data collection platform and provide a mechanism for efficient annotation. The platform enabled rapid generation of annotated, full-length, VCE recordings. These annotated videos are in contrast to other publicly available VCE data which does not contain annotated video sequences with which we could train and test a multi-frame model. This platform can be easily replicated and provides a means to generate additional data to accelerate progress in machine-assisted VCE screening. our demonstration of the effectiveness of sequence-based architectures can readily be extended to other medical classification tasks.
Development through commodification: exploring apple commodity production as pesticide promotion in the High Atlas

Global development initiatives frequently promote agricultural commodity chain projects to improve livelihoods. In Morocco, development projects, including the Plan Maroc Vert (PMV), have promoted apple production in rural regions of the country. In order to access domestic markets, these new apple producers often use pesticides to meet market standards. Through situated ethnographic inquiry and commodity chain analysis, using a combination of surveys (n = 120) and interviews (n = 84) with apple wholesalers, government officials, along with farmers, this paper works to critique the PMV’s development approach that implicitly values commodification. By exploring interconnected processes of commodification, I link subsidized apple saplings and cold storage infrastructure to the dependence on pesticide usage, which has become a part of daily village life. This has important implications for community health and riparian ecosystems. Alternatively, I propose how we can imagine different development trajectories that decommodify livelihoods by focusing on local knowledge creation and diversification strategies.
Neyman-Pearson Multi-class Classification via Cost-sensitive Learning

Most existing classification methods aim to minimize the overall misclassification error rate, however, in applications, different types of errors can have different consequences. To take into account this asymmetry issue, two popular paradigms have been developed, namely the Neyman-Pearson (NP) paradigm and cost-sensitive (CS) paradigm. Compared to CS paradigm, NP paradigm does not require a specification of costs. Most previous works on NP paradigm focused on the binary case. In this work, we study the multi-class NP problem by connecting it to the CS problem, and propose two algorithms. We extend the NP oracle inequalities and consistency from the binary case to the multi-class case, and show that our two algorithms enjoy these properties under certain conditions. The simulation and real data studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms. To our knowledge, this is the first work to solve the multi-class NP problem via cost-sensitive learning techniques with theoretical guarantees. The proposed algorithms are implemented in the R package "npcs" on CRAN.
Spectral Techniques In Proteomics

The Scope of Proteomic and Chemical Proteomic Studies The Systems-Based Approach to Proteomics and Chemical Proteomics, D.S. Sem Similarities in Protein Binding Sites, H.O. Villar, M.R. Hansen, and R. Kho Survey of Spectral Techniques Used to Study Proteins, D.S. Sem Mass Spectral Studies of Proteome and Subproteome Mixtures Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Peptides and Proteins, C. Neususs and M. Pelzing Protein and Peptide Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS/MS), E. Sachon and O. Norregaard Jensen Characterization of Glycosylated Proteins by Mass Spectrometry Using Microcolumns and Enzymatic Digestion, Per Hagglund and M.R. Larsen Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Protein Biochip Technology for Proteomics Research and Assay Development, S.R. Weinberger, L. Lomas, E. Fung, and C. Enderwick An Approach to the Reproducibility of SELDI Profiling, W.S. Liggett, P.E. Barker, L.H. Cazares, and O.J. Semmes Protein-Protein (or Peptide) Interactions: Studies in Parallel and with Mixtures Mass Spectrometric Applications in Immunoproteomics, A.W. Purcell, N.A. Williamson, A.I. Webb, and K. Lau Near-Infrared Fluorescence Detection of Antigen-Antibody Interactions on Microarrays, S. Vehary and Y. Garabet Application of Shotgun Proteomics to Transcriptional Regulatory Pathways, A.L. Mosley and M.P. Washburn Electrophoretic NMR of Protein Mixtures and its Proteomic Applications, Q. He, S.B. Thakur, and J. Spater Chemical Proteomics: Studies of Protein-Ligand Interactions in Pools and Pathways Characterizing Proteins and Proteomes Using Isotope-Coded Mass Spectrometry, U. Kota and M.B. Goshe Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors' Contributions to Proteome Mapping, R.L. Rich and D.G. Myszka Application of In-Cell NMR Spectroscopy to Investigation of Protein Behavior and Ligand-Protein Interaction inside Living Cells, V. Dotsch An Overview of Metabonomics Techniques and Applications, J.C. Lindon, E. Holmes, and J.K. Nicholson Structural Proteomics: Parallel Studies of Proteins NMR-Based Structural Proteomics, J.L. Markley Leveraging X-Ray Structural Information in Gene Family-Based Drug Discovery: Application to Protein Kinases, M. Jacobs, H. Zuccola, B. Hare, A. Aronov, A. Pierce, and G. Bemis EPR Spectroscopy in Genome-Wide Expression Studies, R.Cammack Summary of Chapters and Future Prospects for Spectral Techniques in Proteomics, Summarized by D.S. Sem (from each contributor)
Brief report: Moving prevention into schools: The impact of a trauma-informed school-based intervention

Adolescents in disadvantaged communities have high rates of exposure to stress and trauma, which can negatively impact emotion regulation and executive functioning, increasing likelihood of school problems. This pilot study evaluated RAP Club, a 12-session school-based trauma-informed group intervention co-facilitated by a mental health counselor and young adult community member that utilizes evidence-based cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness strategies. Seventh and eighth graders at two urban public schools serving low-income communities were assigned to receive RAP Club (n = 29) or regular school programming (n = 20). RAP Club improved teacher-rated emotion regulation, social and academic competence, classroom behavior, and discipline. Higher program dose predicted improvements in several teacher-rated outcomes. Student self-report outcomes, however, did not vary by study group or dose. Even students with low baseline depression showed improvement in teacher-rated outcomes following program participation, supporting a model of universal program delivery to all students. Findings suggest RAP Club merits further study.
A Multi-Level Pore-Water Sampler for Permeable Sediments

ABSTRACT The construction and operation of a multi-level piezometer (multisampler) designed to collect pore water from permeable sediments up to 230 cm below the sediment-water interface is described. Multisamplers are constructed from 1 inch schedule 80 PVC pipe. One-quarter-inch flexible PVC tubing leads from eight ports at variable depths to a 1 inch tee fitting at the top of the PVC pipe. Multisamplers are driven into the sediment using standard fence-post drivers. Water is pumped from the PVC tubing with a peristaltic pump. Field tests in Banana River Lagoon, Florida, demonstrate the utility of multisamplers. These tests include collection of multiple samples from the permeable sediments and reveal mixing between shallow pore water and overlying lagoon water.
Bioengineered soluble HLA-B7: Genesis, characterization, and occurrence of dimerization

A soluble, secreted form of HLA-B7 was engineered by replacing the exons encoding the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the B7 gene with a CI. The modified gene, gsB7, transfected into J27.2 or C1R cell lines, produced a secreted protein, sB7, serologically recognized as B7. Size fractionation showed one species of sB7 at the approximately 55 kD expected for an sB7 alpha-chain-beta 2m heteroduplex, and another at approximately 120 kD which had the same constituent chains and was a dimer of the 55-kD species. Dimer formation appeared to be related to protein concentration but not to disulfide bridging. The sB7 heavy chain on SDS-PAGE showed a doublet at approximately 39 and approximately 42 kD; enzyme analysis indicated that the two bands differed only by a carboxyl terminal polypeptide. Analysis of gsB7 transfectants' mRNA by Northern blots and PCR revealed message fully spliced or with retained CI, accounting for the 39- and 42-kD bands, respectively, and apparently untranslated message with I3 retained. sB7 was not detectable on the surface of gsB7 transfectants by CTLs, nor did it inhibit those CTLs. Production of the sB7 protein provides a ready, consistent source of soluble class I antigen for further study, including test materials for tolerogenicity studies in animal models.
Early detection of factual knowledge deficiency and remediation in otolaryngology residency education

Objectives/Hypothesis Within otolaryngology residency training, the annual Otolaryngology Training Examination (OTE) is the primary method used to assess, quantify, and compare the factual knowledge acquired by each resident. The objective of this study was to develop a more frequent method for tracking of factual knowledge to prevent educational delay. Study Design Retrospective analysis of educational scores. Methods For each didactic lecture within a single otolaryngology residency training program, multiple choice questions were provided before and after each lecture. Questions were based on lecture objectives that were derived from the American Board of Otolaryngology curriculum. Scores were tracked over the course of 1 academic year and compared to the scores of residents on the OTE administered in that year to determine correlation with a validated measure of factual knowledge. The effect of remedial measures on improvement in OTE scores was determined. Results Over the course of 1 academic year, there were 328 questions presented to 12 residents before and after 32 lectures in the didactic program. Ten residents completed an average of 244 questions. Overall OTE scores demonstrated a significant and very strong correlation to lecture question scores (Pearson r = 0.86, P = .002). Remedial measures for residents during the previous 5 years who had inadequate OTE scores were successful in improving scores (P = .002). Conclusions A structured didactic program that uses review questions to assess knowledge can be used to track acquisition of factual knowledge. Early identification of residents with deficiencies facilitates the development of individualized learning plans that result in successful remediation. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 124:E309–E311, 2014
Inter-array Data Regrouping

As the speed gap between CPU and memory widens, memory hierarchy has become the performance bottleneck for most applications because of both the high latency and low bandwidth of direct memory access. With the recent introduction of latency hiding strategies on modern machines, limited memory bandwidth has become the primary performance constraint and, consequently, the effective use of available memory bandwidth has become critical. Since memory data is transferred one cache block at a time, improving the utilization of cache blocks can directly improve memory bandwidth utilization and program performance. However, existing optimizations do not maximize cache-block utilization because they are intra-array; that is, they improve only data reuse within single arrays, and they do not group useful data of multiple arrays into the same cache block. In this paper, we present inter-array data regrouping, a global data transformation that first splits and then selectively regroups all data arrays in a program. The new transformation is optimal in the sense that it exploits inter-array cache-block reuse when and only when it is always profitable. When evaluated on real-world programs with both regular contiguous data access, and irregular and dynamic data access, inter-array data regrouping transforms as many as 26 arrays in a program and improves the overall performance by as much as 32%.
MEN WITHOUT SAWMILLS: MASCULINITY, RURAL POVERTY, AND FAMILY STABILITY

Using ethnographic and interview data, this paper explores the impacts of economic strain and job loss on the construction and experience of masculinity, as well as the effects of threats to masculine identity on family stability in a rural American community. It looks at these issues specifically with reference to the high correlation between poverty and single parenting, in order to better understand the causal mechanisms responsible for this link in a rural setting. It challenges the mainstream argument that it is womens marriage choices that are mainly responsible for this correlation. Building on and extending the work of previous researchers, the paper argues that mens experiences with masculinity in times of economic and labor market stress seriously undermine their abilities to sustain functioning relationships.
Development of cartilage and bone

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about the development of cartilage and bone. The skeletons of vertebrates are remarkably similar. Centuries of studies of bone morphology and the fact that bones are preserved as fossils has revealed that identical bones form much of the skull, vertebrae, and appendicular skeleton in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Genetic studies in humans, mice, and zebrafish are now revealing that these similarities reflect similar developmental mechanisms underlying skeletal morphogenesis. Mutant screens in zebrafish have identified many genes required for early cartilage development and a number of these mutations are also associated with craniofacial syndromes in humans. This chapter summarizes the current methods for visualizing cartilage and bones that make zebrafish an excellent genetic model for dissecting the molecular basis of skeletal development. Further, we describe methods of screening for mutants with anomalous craniofacial and other skeletal phenotypes.
Generalized benign cutaneous reaction to cytarabine

Background Cytarabine-induced toxicity manifests as various cutaneous morphologies. A generalized papular purpuric eruption has not been well described. Objectives We aimed to characterize a distinct cytarabine-related eruption. Methods We reviewed all cases of cytarabine-related toxicity with papular purpuric eruptions or violaceous erythema at the University of California, San Francisco between 2006 and 2011. Results Sixteen cases were identified. The eruption began as erythematous papules that evolved into coalescing purpuric papules and plaques. It had affinity for intertriginous areas, neck, ears, and scalp. Pruritus was common, but no systemic complications were documented. Thirteen patients (81.3%) developed the eruption after completion of chemotherapy. Differential diagnosis often included viral exanthem (62.5%), drug eruption (50%), and vasculitis (37.5%). Histopathology was nonspecific but commonly demonstrated sparse lymphocytic infiltrates, spongiosis, and/or red cell extravasation. Importantly, the eruption was neither predicted by past cytarabine exposure nor predictive of future recurrence. Limitations This is a review of cases from a single institution. Observation was limited to acute hospitalization, however, charts were reviewed for subsequent reactions on rechallenge. Conclusions The eruption described herein represents a specific skin-limited reaction to cytarabine. Awareness of its characteristic morphology, distribution, and timeline will aid in clinical diagnosis. Reassurance concerning its benign nature will prevent unnecessary intervention or cessation of chemotherapy.
A new approach for evaluating the reliability of highly reliable systems

This paper outlines a new approach for accurately evaluating the reliability of a complex, highly reliable system for which neither analytical methods nor conventional simulations are feasible. The reliability is simulated in a feasible parameter region, and then rational interpolation (RI) is used to calculate the desired reliability. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the feasibility of this method. It has been demonstrated that the RI approach is very effective in providing a highly accurate result for the system reliability.
Evolution of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea

Geological and geophysical data collected aboard R/V Vema during five summer cruises in the period 1966 to 1973 have been used to investigate the geological history and evolution of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. These data were combined with earlier data to establish the location of spreading axes (active as well as extinct), the age of the ocean floor from magnetic anomalies, and the locations and azimuths of fracture zones. The details of the spreading history are then established quantitatively in terms of poles and rates of rotation. Reconstructions have been made to locate the relative positions of Norway and Greenland at various times since the opening, and the implications of these reconstructions are discussed here.
Developing Data‐Based Communications in Social Psychological Research: Adolescent Smoking Prevention1

The present paper deals with how pre-intervention data were gathered from a sample of junior high school students to whom a smoking prevention program was addressed and how these data were used in the creation of trigger films which were an important element in the prevention program. The coping techniques used by students who are successfully able to withstand social pressures to smoke were determined from pre-intervention group interview-role-playing sessions with samples of students from two schools representative of the intended target population of the smoking prevention program. These data were used in the production and editing of ten-minute, sound, color films which reflected simulations of the student responses in the interview-role-playing sessions. Assessment of the impact of these filmed social-inoculation coping strategies indicates that they appear to be a promising component of smoking deterrent programs for adolescents.
The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil

Soybean oil has been hydrogenated electrocatalytically at a moderate temperature, without an external supply of pressurized H2 gas. In the electrocatalytic reaction scheme, atomic hydrogen is produced on an active Raney nickel powder cathode surface by the electrochemical reduction of water molecules from the electrolytic solution. Adsorbed hydrogen then reacts with an oil’s triglycerides to form a hydrogenated product. Experiments were carried out at 70°C with a flow-through electrochemical reactor operating in a batch recycle mode. The reaction medium was a two-phase mixture of soybean oil in a water/t-butanol solvent containing tetraethylammoniump-toluenesulfonate as the supporting electrolyte. In all experiments the reaction was allowed to continue for sufficient time to synthesize a brush hydrogenation product. The effects of oil content, applied current, solvent composition, and supporting electrolyte concentration on the efficiency of hydrogen addition to the oil and on the chemical properties of the hydrogenated oil product were determined. The electrohydrogenated oil is characterized by a high stearic acid content and a low percentage of totaltrans isomers, as compared to that produced in a traditional hydrogenation process.