cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a new oncology quality metric: The rate of evidence-based adherence.

84 Background: The degree to which electronic health records enhance the quality of patient care depends on how the system is used to monitor and improve practice. In planning the transition to Epic’s electronic chemotherapy ordering platform, we saw an opportunity to increase evidence-based practice. Methods: Our Chemotherapy Council vetted more than 600 electronic protocols based entirely on published clinical trials and NCCN guidelines; modifications made to these protocols represent a divergence from clinical evidence. We examined the number of times the chemotherapy section of a protocol was modified before the first cycle to avoid counting dose modifications made for toxicities. To get the rate for the cancer center we calculated the # of discrete times all protocols were used (denominator) and the number of times all protocols were modified (numerator). We subtracted the ratio from 1 to reflect the proportion of protocols that were not modified. This ratio serves as a new quality metric – the Rate ...
Lessons for space power system design from the SAMPIE flight experiment

The Solar Array Module Plasma Interactions Experiment (SAMPIE) flew in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle Columbia in March 1994. The purpose of the experiment was to determine arcing rates and arc thresholds for samples biased to high voltages in the low Earth orbit (LEO) plasma, and to determine the currents collected by solar arrays in the LEO plasma. The experiment was successful, giving us 41 hours of data on plasma interactions in LEO. In addition to the arc rate and current collection experiments on SAMPIE were a Langmuir probe to obtain plasma densities and temperatures, a V-body probe to determine the potential of the Shuttle ground with respect to the plasma, and a neutral pressure gauge. We and others have been analyzing the data returned by SAMPIE now for almost three years. In this paper we discuss what important lessons were learned from the flight of SAMPIE, and how they can be applied to space systems flying in LEO.
Local Texture and Electromigration in Fine Line Microelectronic Aluminum Metallization

Aluminum films 1 μm thick were deposited on oxidized silicon by sputtering and partially ionized beam evaporation to vary the crystallographic texture. These films were patterned into lines and subsequently annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. A strong correlation between the electromigration behavior and the blanket film texture (X-ray diffraction (XRD) / pole figures) has been reported previously for these films. In this work, an Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) a.k.a. Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction (BKD) technique was employed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to interrogate individual grain orientations. BKD pole figures were acquired for lines ≥0.3 μm wide and for blanket (pad) regions. Identical, inverse pole figures were found for blanket films measured using both XRD and BKD (pads). Furthermore, the BKD (111) fiber texture shows a line width dependency, with narrow lines having a slightly improved texture over blanket (pad) regions. Local grain orientations were investigated near and within electromigration testing sites with characteristic void and hillock morphologies. The relationship of neighboring grain orientations to electromigration damage is shown.
Balancing noise sensitivity, response latency, and posture accuracy for a computer-assisted canine posture training system

This paper describes a canine posture detection system composed of wearable sensors and instrumented devices that detect the postures sit, stand, and eat. The system consists of a customized harness outfitted with wearable Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and a base station for processing IMU data to classify canine postures. Research in operant conditioning, the science of behavior change, indicates that successful animal training requires consistent and accurate feedback on behavior. Properly designed computer systems excel at timeliness and accuracy, which are two characteristics most amateur trainers struggle with and professionals strive for. Therefore, in addition to the system being ergonomically designed to ensure the dog's comfort and well-being, it is engineered to provide posture detection with timing and accuracy on par with a professional trainer. We contend that providing a system with these characteristics will one day aid dogs in learning from humans by overcoming poor or ineffective timing during training. We present the initial steps in the development and validation of a computer-assisted training system designed to work outside of laboratory environments.The main contributions of this work are (a) to explore the trade-off between low-latency responses to changes in time-series IMU data representative of posture changes while maintaining accuracy and timing similar to a professional trainer, and (b) to provide a model for future ACI technologies by documenting the user-centered approach we followed to create a computer-assisted training system that met the criteria identified in (a). Accordingly, in addition to describing our system, we present the results of three experiments to characterize the performance of the system at capturing sit postures of dogs and providing timely reinforcement. These trade-offs are illustrated through the comparison of two algorithms. The first is Random Forest classification and the second is an algorithm which uses a Variance-based Threshold for classification of postures. Results indicate that with proper parameter tuning, our system can successfully capture and reinforce postures to provide computer-assisted training of dogs.
To condition or not to condition-That is the question: The evolution of nonmyeloablative conditions for transplantation.

In 1985, Eugene Cronkite and his colleagues published, in Experimental Hematology, data indicating that five consecutive "transfusions" of large numbers of marrow cells significantly increase the number of donor-derived cells detected by day 10 of a spleen colony-forming assay, the most primitive hematopoietic cells detectable at that time, present in the host for as long as 2 months posttransfusion (Cronkite EP, Bullis JE, Brecher G. Marrow transfusions increase pluripotent stem cells in normal hosts. Exp Hematol 1985;13:802-805). These data provided the first evidence that donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may persist in vivo for some time in recipients when transfused and not transplanted, that is, not subjected to treatments that deplete their marrow niches of endogenous HSCs. The limited technology available at the time prevented Dr. Cronkite from pursuing this observation into the development of nonmyeloablated transplantation procedures, and his experiment, as well as the term bone marrow transfusion, has since been long forgotten. In recent years, the scientific need to clarify HSC functions in nonstressed hosts and the clinical need to develop transplantation procedures with levels of morbidity/mortality acceptable for curing inherited hematologic disorders have inspired the search for nonmyeloablative transplantation procedures, including methods that "outcompete" endogenous host HSCs such as those pioneered by Dr. Cronkite's experiments using high transfusion doses. This review describes the technical progress made since Dr. Cronkite's insightful work, which has finally found its path to the clinic.
Tumor angiogenesis: review of current applications in tumor prognostication.

Abstract The first requirement of a new prognostic indicator is that it should possess a clear biological significance. Indeed, much evidence shows that tumor growth and metastasis depend on neovascularization. Tumor angiogenesis (TA) refers to the growth of new vessels toward and within the tumor; unless tumor neovascularization occurs, cell proliferation reaches a steady state, and the tumor grows no larger than about 2 mm greatest diameter. Moreover, for tumor cells to metastasize, they must gain access to the vasculature from the primary tumor, survive the circulation, localize in the target organ, and induce angiogenesis in that target organ. TA is necessary both at the beginning and at the end of the metastatic cascade of events. Recently, my colleagues and I showed that a statistically significant correlation exists between incidence of metastases and microvessel density (MVD) of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Now, subsequent studies have shown that the association of prognosis with MVD exists not only in breast carcinoma but also in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and head-and-neck carcinoma. This article reviews the concepts and mechanisms of TA, the evidence supporting its role in growth and metastasis of solid tumors, and how measuring MVD within invasive tumors correlates with factor VIII-related antigen, blood vessel.
Effect of HIV-1 infection on CD4 cells in a hemophilia cohort.

Bone marrow plasma cell labeling index (L.I.), kappa/lambda ratio, CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations were studied in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), active myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The loss of the light chain isotype suppression (LCIS) and a high labeling index (L.I.) allowed us to distinguish all MM patients from SMM patients. On the contrary, a low L.I. and a normal kappa/lambda ratio were found in most kappa and lambda MGUS. A significant difference in the kappa/lambda ratio was noted between MGUS and K-SMM. A significant decrease in CD4+ and a significant increase in CD8+ were not observed in patients with LCIS. The kappa/lambda ratio together with the plasma cell L.I. could be useful parameters for distinguishing active MM from SMM, especially in the cases with a border line L.I.
Bench and initial preclinical results of a novel 8 mm diameter double opposed helical biodegradable stent

Background Metallic endovascular stents are utilized off-label in congenital heart disease. Biodegradable stents (BDS) offer potential advantages in a growing child. We have previously reported double opposed helical (DH) BDS up to 6 mm diameter (DH-6). The objectives are to investigate the bench characteristics of larger 8 mm diameter BDS (DH-8) manufactured with increasing strut thicknesses and the inflammatory profile in a porcine model. Methods DH-8 were manufactured with strut thicknesses 0.10, 0.12, and 0.18 mm and mechanical testing performed. Stents were deployed into the infrarenal descending aorta (DAO) of nine minipigs. At insertion (nonsurvival = 2), 1 week (n = 2), 1 month (n = 2), and 9 months (n = 3) follow-up angiography, intravascular ultrasound and histopathology were performed. Results There was superior recoil and collapse pressure with increasing strut thickness, with 0.18 mm having 1.0% elastic recoil and collapse pressure 0.75 Atmospheres. There was good wall apposition at insertion with 5 BDS (4 DH-8 and 1 DH-6) but suboptimal in 4 as the minipigs infrarenal DAO were >8 mm (deployed at iliac bifurcation). Structural integrity was maintained in 8 BDS with 1 DH-8 collapsed at 9 months, secondary to strut damage at insertion. No thrombosis was seen. There was mild inflammation and neointimal proliferation at 1 week and 1 month, but a moderate inflammatory response at 9 months. Conclusions DH-8 with increased strut thickness had acceptable mechanical properties at the cost of an increased inflammatory response. Miniaturization to improve delivery and further investigation on the long-term inflammatory profile of thicker struts, including through degradation, is needed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localized debonding as a potential mechanism for near-surface cracking

Research on the potential link between debonding and cracking has primarily focused on changes in location and magnitude of maximum tensile stress/strain under the load center for various interface bonding conditions. Prior modeling efforts have evaluated smeared bonding conditions, which represented the entire interface as either bonded, partially bonded or debonded. However, field evidence indicates debonding is a local phenomenon that starts at a critical location and gradually progresses through a portion of the interface. A parametric study identified a critical zone of high shear stress coupled with low confinement where the onset of debonding is likely. This critical zone is located around the mid-depth of the asphalt layer and extends for nearly 5 cm from the edge of the tire. Localized debonding should be introduced at the identified critical zone to better evaluate stress redistribution resulting from interface failure. Localized debonding was shown to potentially lead to stress states of shear-induced tension in the portion of the interface near the tire edge, which can explain the initiation of near-surface longitudinal cracking.
The Service-Dominant Logic for Marketing: A Critique

Service-dominant (S-D) logic serves as a foundation for the development of a general theory of marketing. The fact that S-D logic is grounded in the micro-activities of humans, specialization through the development of competences and the subsequent exchange of these competences for competences the individual does not have. S-D logic suggests that markets and marketing are primary drivers or creators of society. It recognizes human and mental skills as the fountainhead of economic growth and human progress. A service-centered model of exchange motivates the study of marketing at the most micro level, which is entities exchanging competences or services. Evert Gummesson suggests that networks provide a unifying role in the development of general or grand theory in marketing. Because of their capacity to allow for complexity, context, and dynamism, he suggests that networks have a universal capacity to explain. The ecological or physical environment is normally considered to be uncontrollable but can serve as a potential source of support.
Optimizing Speculative Execution of Deadline-Sensitive Jobs in Cloud

In this paper, we bring various speculative scheduling strategies together under a unifying optimization framework, which defines a new metric, Probability of Completion before Deadlines (PoCD), to measure the probability that MapReduce jobs meet their desired deadlines. We propose an optimization problem to jointly optimize PoCD and execution cost in different strategies. Three strategies are prototyped on Hadoop MapReduce and evaluated against two baseline strategies using experiments. A 78% net utility increase with up to 94% PoCD and 12% cost improvement is achieved.
Noncovalent Interactions in Nanotechnology

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss the importance of noncovalent interactions in functional nanostructures. From layered materials to porous materials to polymers, we detail the underlying noncovalent interactions that define their behavior and dominate their properties and how theory, modeling and simulation is key to accelerate the process of understanding and design. In particular, we highlight how atomic level details of the underlying physicochemical phenomena can be useful for illuminating the connections between experiments and computational approaches.
What Metrics Accurately Reflect Surgical Quality

Surgeons are increasingly under pressure to measure and improve their quality. While there is broad consensus that we ought to track surgical quality, there is far less agreement about which metrics matter most. This article reviews the important statistical concepts of case mix and chance as they apply to understanding the observed wide variation in surgical quality. We then discuss the benefits and drawbacks of current measurement strategies through the framework of structure, process, and outcomes approaches. Finally, we describe emerging new metrics, such as video evaluation and network optimization, that are likely to take on an increasingly important role in the future of measuring surgical quality.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy improves renal transplant candidacy and posttransplant outcomes in morbidly obese patients.

Morbid obesity is a barrier to kidney transplantation due to inferior outcomes, including higher rates of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), delayed graft function (DGF), and graft failure. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) increases transplant eligibility by reducing BMI in kidney transplant candidates, but the effect of surgical weight loss on posttransplantation outcomes is unknown. Reviewing single-center medical records, we identified all patients who underwent LSG before kidney transplantation from 2011-2016 (n = 20). Post-LSG kidney recipients were compared with similar-BMI recipients who did not undergo LSG, using 2:1 direct matching for patient factors. McNemar's test and signed-rank test were used to compare groups. Among post-LSG patients, mean BMI ± standard deviation (SD) was 41.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2 at initial encounter, which decreased to 32.3 ± 2.9 kg/m2 prior to transplantation (P < .01). No complications, readmissions, or mortality occurred following LSG. After transplantation, one patient (5%) experienced DGF, and no patients experienced NODAT. Allograft and patient survival at 1-year posttransplantation was 100%. Compared with non-LSG patients, post-LSG recipients had lower rates of DGF (5% vs 20%) and renal dysfunction-related readmissions (10% vs 27.5%) (P < .05 each). Perioperative complications, allograft survival, and patient survival were similar between groups. These data suggest that morbidly obese patients with end-stage renal disease who undergo LSG to improve transplant candidacy, achieve excellent posttransplantation outcomes.
Redox Signaling and the Onset of the Inflammatory Cascade

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is an intrinsic event that occurs during the onset of the inflammatory cascade. ROS are crucial for host defense and for the redox-dependent activation of proinflammatory mediators such as NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Similarly, ROS can also activate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factors that control the expression of genes necessary for the resolution of inflammation and the prevention of oxidative stress. Dysregulation of ROS production or insufficient ROS scavenging, however, results in the oxidation of biomolecules and the structural modification of proteins triggering signaling cascades that lead to the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases. Peroxiredoxins regulate ROS levels and thus play a central role in redox signaling. Recent evidence suggests that peroxiredoxins can also activate proinflammatory pathways. The current knowledge of the redox signaling events that occur during the onset of inflammation is discussed in this chapter.
Finite Element Analysis of Tricuspid Valve Deformation from Multi-slice Computed Tomography Images

Despite the growing clinical interest in the tricuspid valve (TV), there is an incomplete understanding of TV biomechanics which is important in normal TV function and successful TV repair techniques. Computational models with patient-specific human TV geometries can provide a quantitative understanding of TV biomechanic. Therefore, this study aimed to develop finite element (FE) models of human TVs from multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) images to investigate chordal forces and leaflet stresses and strains. Three FE models were constructed for human subjects with healthy TVs from MSCT images and incorporated detailed leaflet geometries, realistic nonlinear anisotropic hyperelastic material properties of human TV, and physiological boundary conditions tracked from MSCT images. TV closure from diastole to systole was simulated. Chordal lengths were iteratively adjusted until the simulated TV geometries were in good agreement with the “true” geometries reconstructed from MSCT images at systole. Larger chordal forces were found on the strut (or basal) chords than on the rough zone chords and the total forces applied on the anterior papillary muscles by the strut chords were higher than those on the posterior or septal papillary muscles. At peak systolic pressure, the average maximum stress on the middle sections of the leaflets ranged from 30 to 90 kPa, while the average maximum principal strain values ranged from 0.16 to 0.30. The results from healthy TVs can serve as baseline biomechanical metrics of TV mechanics and may be used to inform TV repair device design. The computational approach developed could be one step towards developing computational models that may support pre-operative planning in complex TV repair procedures in the future.
Algorithm for geodetic positioning based on angle-of-arrival of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcasts

This paper develops a non-precision geolocation algorithm for airborne vehicles that can serve as a redundant navigation system for use during locally limited Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) availability, that can be used to validate on-board satellite navigation systems to detect local spoofing attempts, and that can be used to validate Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (ADS-B) position reports. The algorithm utilizes the proliferation of ADS-B equipped aircraft as airborne navigation aids in a radio frequency angle-of-arrival (AOA) based geodetic positioning algorithm. The navigation algorithm is loosely based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in that it tracks ADS-B capable aircraft to refine their ADS-B reported position estimates while simultaneously determining the geodetic position and velocity of the host vehicle. Unlike SLAM, where the absolute location — latitude/longitude — of the landmarks is unknown and must be estimated as the vehicle encounters them, the absolute position of the airborne navigation aids is reasonably well-known and periodically reported in the ADS-B data set. Because the absolute position of the navigation aids is known, the resulting host vehicle position will also be an absolute, rather than a relative position. Secondarily, the continuous tracking of the airborne navigation aids allows reported ADS-B positions to be validated against the estimated navigation aid position; thereby, concurrently accomplishing ADS-B validation and host vehicle geolocation. It has been demonstrated through simulation that the algorithm is capable of generating valid position estimates and a reliable estimate of its accuracy across a variety of anticipated input conditions. With multiple GNSS quality navigation aids available, mean position errors well below 500 meters were observed. As the quality of the navigation aids decreased, so too did the accuracy of the algorithm. Utilizing navigation aids with an accuracy of 4 nautical miles (95% containment) resulted in mean position errors on the order of 1.25 nautical miles. These results demonstrate that the method is feasible, and even under worst case conditions, the accuracy of the position estimate generated by the algorithm was sufficient to allow an aircraft to navigate to its destination.
Using Machine Learning to Support Qualitative Coding in Social Science: Shifting the Focus to Ambiguity

Machine learning (ML) has become increasingly influential to human society, yet the primary advancements and applications of ML are driven by research in only a few computational disciplines. Even applications that affect or analyze human behaviors and social structures are often developed with limited input from experts outside of computational fields. Social scientists—experts trained to examine and explain the complexity of human behavior and interactions in the world—have considerable expertise to contribute to the development of ML applications for human-generated data, and their analytic practices could benefit from more human-centered ML methods. Although a few researchers have highlighted some gaps between ML and social sciences [51, 57, 70], most discussions only focus on quantitative methods. Yet many social science disciplines rely heavily on qualitative methods to distill patterns that are challenging to discover through quantitative data. One common analysis method for qualitative data is qualitative coding. In this article, we highlight three challenges of applying ML to qualitative coding. Additionally, we utilize our experience of designing a visual analytics tool for collaborative qualitative coding to demonstrate the potential in using ML to support qualitative coding by shifting the focus to identifying ambiguity. We illustrate dimensions of ambiguity and discuss the relationship between disagreement and ambiguity. Finally, we propose three research directions to ground ML applications for social science as part of the progression toward human-centered machine learning.
Luteal phase dysfunction in endometriosis: elevated progesterone levels in peripheral and ovarian veins during the follicular phase *

Endometriosis has been associated with corpus luteum inadequacy and abnormalities of luteal phase progesterone (P) secretion. In this study, abnormal luteolysis, as a second factor of luteal dysfunction, was assessed in 13 women with endometriosis and 25 control patients by measurement of ovarian vein estradiol (E 2 ) and P during the follicular phase. The results reveal that women with endometriosis have (1) significantly lower ovarian vein E 2 , (2) significantly higher both peripheral and ovarian vein P, and (3) threefold higher P/E 2 ratios than controls during the follicular phase. These data support the concept of continued P production from an active corpus luteum well into the follicular phase of the following cycle in women with endometriosis. Failure of adequate luteolysis is a second aspect of luteal dysfunction in endometriosis and strongly supports the growing body of data confirming ovulatory asynchrony in the minimal endometriosis infertility syndrome.
Popliteal Artery Aneurysms

A 62-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with a cool right foot. On examination, his femoral pulse is intact and a pulsatile mass is appreciated in the popliteal fossa. His right foot is cool but motor and sensory function are intact. No pedal pulses are palpable and faint Doppler signals are audible.
Deeper into Essential Structure

In this chapter, we will take a deeper and more careful look at the remaining issues that are fundamental to LISP. The topics include the representation of data; details on EQ, EQUAL, SETF, as well as more familiar functions; the abstract syntax of LISP; examples of self-processing; and approaches to variable binding and scope determination.
Changes in insurance coverage associated with health care reform for cancer survivors aged 19-64 years.

6527Background: Beginning in 2014, Medicaid eligibility was expanded in over half of states, enrollment was simplified, and insurance marketplaces were created in all states with premium subsidies ...
Coordination of trunk and foot acceleration during gait is affected by walking velocity and fall history in elderly adults.

Falling is a significant concern for many elderly adults but identifying individuals at risk of falling is difficult, and it is not clear how elderly adults adapt to challenging walking. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of walking at non-preferred speeds on the coordination between foot and trunk acceleration variability in healthy elderly adults with and without fall history compared to healthy young adults. Subjects walked on a treadmill at 80%–120% of their preferred walking speed while trunk and foot accelerations were recorded with wireless inertial sensors. Variability of accelerations was measured by root mean square, range, sample entropy, and Lyapunov exponent. The gait stability index was calculated using each variability metric in the frontal and sagittal plane by taking the ratio of trunk acceleration variability divided by foot acceleration variability. Healthy young adults demonstrated larger trunk accelerations relative to foot accelerations at faster walking speeds compared to elderly adults, but both young and elderly adults show similar adaption to their acceleration regularity. Between group differences showed that elderly adult fallers coordinate acceleration variability between the trunk and feet differently compared to elderly non-fallers and young adults. The current results indicate that during gait, elderly fallers demonstrate more constrained, less adaptable trunk movement relative to their foot movement and this pattern is different compared to elderly non-fallers and healthy young. Coordination between trunk and foot acceleration variability plays an important role in maintaining stability during gait.
"Neither Poets, Painters, nor Sculptors": Classical Mimesis and the Art of Female Hairdressing in Eighteenth-Century France

In the astute and often satirical Tableau de Paris (1781–88), Louis-Sebastien Mercier writes about the emergence of an unusual literary genre: the hair-dresser’s manifesto. In the eighteenth centur...
Total Body Bone Mineral Content (TBBMC) in Preterm Infants at Birth Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) 1530

Total Body Bone Mineral Content (TBBMC) in Preterm Infants at Birth Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) 1530
Disaster Management: Lessons Learned

Our experiences have taught us that practice makes perfect and that it probably is unreasonable to expect everything to be orderly, sane, and appropriate during disaster management. The best we can hope for probably is controlled chaos. We do believe that we have generated an improved plan, that the plan is known, and that it is being revised continuously. We can no longer rely on our goodwill and good intentions to manage mass casualties in a disaster. There are too many factors that can reduce our ability to provide medical care in this situation. Hospital planning is essential. The hospital should be represented on the emergency preparedness committee so it is knowledgeable about the various plans throughout the city. Each plan must be practiced and critiqued to identify potential problems. Hospital staff must be kept current on the various plans to understand the communication, authority, responsibility, security, and medical control for each plan. We have instituted a video program outlining the various tasks for each hospital department for each disaster plan. This format allows the personnel in these departments to review their responsibilities continually in a concise manner and allows practice of disaster preparedness without implementing an entire disaster drill. Table 1 provides a quick review of the areas and questions we found to be problems when implementing our disaster plan.
Cytomorphological criteria for separation of pulmonary adenocarcinomas from squamous cell carcinomas: A statistical learning approach.

BACKGROUND Current therapy requires separation of non-small cell carcinomas into adenocarcinomas (AC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). A meta-analysis has shown a pooled diagnostic sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 95% for the diagnosis of AC. While a number of cytomorphological features have been proposed for separation of AC from SCC, we are unaware of a statistically based analysis of cytomorphological features useful for separation of these two carcinomas. We performed logistic regression analysis of cytological features useful in classifying SCC and AC. DESIGN Sixty-one Papanicolaou-stained fine needle aspiration specimens (29 AC/32 SCC) were reviewed by two board-certified cytopathologists for nine features (eccentric nucleoli, vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli, vacuolated cytoplasm, 3-dimensional cell balls, dark non-transparent chromatin, central nucleoli, single malignant cells and spindle-shaped cells). All cytological specimens had surgical biopsy results. Inter-rater agreement was assessed by Cohen's κ. Association between features and AC was determined using hierarchical logistic regression model where feature scores were nested within reviewers. A model to classify cases as SCC or AC was developed and verified by k-fold verification (k = 5). Classification performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Observed rater agreement for scored features ranged from 49% to 82%. Kappa scores were clustered in three groups. Raters demonstrated good agreement for prominent nucleoli, vesicular chromatin and eccentric nuclei. Fair agreement was seen for 3-dimensional cell balls, dark non-transparent chromatin, and presence of spindle-shaped cells. Association of features with adenocarcinoma showed four statistically significant associations (P < 0.001) with adenocarcinoma. These features were prominent nucleoli, vesicular chromatin, eccentric nuclei and three-dimensional cell balls. Spindle-shaped cells and dark non-transparent chromatin were negatively associated with adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Logistic regression analysis demonstrated six features helpful in separation of AC from SCC. Prominent nucleoli, vesicular chromatin, cell balls and eccentric nucleoli were positively associated with AC and demonstrated a P value of 0.001 or less. The presence of dark, non-transparent chromatin and spindle-shaped cells favoured the diagnosis of SCC.
Cyborg Maintenance: Design, Breakdown, and Inclusion.

The lived experiences of common cyborgs are ignored by those who most wish to be cyborg. I push back against the utopic, teleological imaginaries of the Transhumanist movement using a daily concern for actual cyborgs: maintenance. Scholarly work on maintenance is sparse, relatively recent, and generally focused on infrastructure and large technological systems. I merge the work done on these large technological systems with the biopolitical work by disability studies scholars and activists. I show that the common narratives of innovation that insist that technology becomes faster, more efficient, and more durable over time are false, and how upkeep rather than upgrading will be the norm for cyborg bodies. I call for a more deliberate design ethos for producing more accessible maintenance as well. The interfaces between technology and the body are sites of significant breakdown as each degrades the other. Moisture, acidity, and healing processes make it difficult for technological systems to last long within the body, and the intrusion of foreign material into the human body triggers scarification, fibroses, infection, and systemic reactions. Disabled people regularly navigate these concerns, and their description of the sorts of work they do to keep up their techno-bodyminds does not match well with the transhumanist narrative. The concerns of cyborg maintenance need to be considered as technologists continue to produce technological interventions into our bodies, and disabled folks for whom such intervention is already a reality can tell us a lot about how that needs to happen.
Direct thermal neutron detection by the 2D semiconductor 6LiInP2Se6.

Highly efficient neutron detectors are critical in many sectors, including national security1,2, medicine3, crystallography4 and astronomy5. The main neutron detection technologies currently used involve 3He-gas-filled proportional counters6 and light scintillators7 for thermalized neutrons. Semiconductors could provide the next generation of neutron detectors because their advantages could make them competitive with or superior to existing detectors. In particular, solids with a high concentration of high-neutron-capture nuclides (such as 6Li, 10B) could be used to develop smaller detectors with high intrinsic efficiencies. However, no promising materials have been reported so far for the construction of direct-conversion semiconductor detectors. Here we report on the semiconductor LiInP2Se6 and demonstrate its potential as a candidate material for the direct detection of thermal neutrons at room temperature. This compound has a good thermal-neutron-capture cross-section, a suitable bandgap (2.06 electronvolts) and a favourable electronic band structure for efficient electron charge transport. We used α particles from an 241Am source as a proxy for the neutron-capture reaction and determined that the compact two-dimensional (2D) LiInP2Se6 detectors resolved the full-energy peak with an energy resolution of 13.9 per cent. Direct neutron detection from a moderated Pu–Be source was achieved using 6Li-enriched (95 per cent) LiInP2Se6 detectors with full-peak resolution. We anticipate that these results will spark interest in this field and enable the replacement of 3He counters by semiconductor-based neutron detectors. The semiconductor 6LiInP2Se6 is used for the direct detection of thermal neutrons at room temperature, demonstrating good energy resolution.
Synthetic lethality of EGFR blockade in the context of tumor hypoxia.

10624 Background: Hypoxia induces a wide spectrum of biological responses in tumors that alter tumor radio-sensitivity. In several tumors, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the epide...
Cigarette Use, E-Cigarette Use, and Dual Product Use Are Higher Among Adults With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States: 2014-2017.

INTRODUCTION Cigarette use is declining yet remains common among adults with mental health conditions. In contrast, e-cigarette use may be on the rise. This study investigated the relationship between serious psychological distress (SPD) and the exclusive and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among US adults from 2014 to 2017. AIMS AND METHODS Data came from 2014 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional survey of nationally representative samples of US adults (total combined analytic sample n = 125 302). Past-month SPD was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and cigarette and e-cigarette use were assessed at each wave. Logistic regressions examined product use by SPD status in 2017 and trends in product use by SPD status from 2014 to 2017. Analyses adjusted for demographic covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use was higher among adults with SPD than without SPD in each year including the most recent data year 2017 (cigarette use, 39.50% vs. 13.40%, p < .001; e-cigarette use, 7.41% vs. 2.65%, p < .001; dual use, 5.30% vs. 1.26%, p < .001). Among adults with SPD, the prevalence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use did not change from 2014 to 2017 in contrast to a decreasing prevalence in cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among individuals without SPD. CONCLUSIONS US adults with SPD report higher levels of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use than adults without SPD. Use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to decreasing trends among adults without SPD. IMPLICATIONS These data extend our knowledge of tobacco product use and mental health disparities by showing that in addition to higher levels of cigarette use, US adults with SPD also use e-cigarettes and dual products (cigarette and e-cigarette) more commonly than those without SPD. Furthermore, the use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to continuing declines among adults without SPD. More research is needed to understand the potential positive and negative consequences of e-cigarette use among adults with SPD.
Clinical Validation of a 106-SNV MALDI-ToF MS Pharmacogenomic Panel.

BACKGROUND Laboratorians have the opportunity to help minimize the frequency of adverse drug reactions by implementing pharmacogenomic testing and alerting care providers to possible patient/drug incompatibilities before drug treatment is initiated. Methods combining PCR with MALDI-ToF MS have allowed for sensitive, economical, and multiplexed pharmacogenomic testing results to be delivered in a timely fashion. METHOD This study evaluated the analytical performance of the Agena Biosciences iPLEX® PGx 74 panel and a custom iPLEX panel on a MassARRAY MALDI-TOF MS instrument in a clinical laboratory setting. Collectively, these panels evaluate 112 SNVs across 34 genes implicated in drug response. Using commercially available samples (Coriell Biorepository) and in-house extracted DNA, we determined ideal reaction conditions and assessed accuracy, precision, and robustness. RESULTS Following protocol optimization, the Agena PGx74 and custom panels demonstrated 100% concordance with the 1000 Genomes Project Database and clinically validated hydrolysis probe genotyping assays. 100% concordance was also observed in all assessments of assay precision when appropriate QC metrics were applied. CONCLUSIONS Significant development time was required to optimize sample preparation and instrumental analysis and 3 assays were removed due to inconsistent performance. Following modification of the manufacturer's protocol and instituting manual review of each assay plate, the Agena PGx74 and custom panel constitute a cost-effective, robust, and accurate method for clinical identification of 106 SNVs involved in drug response.
Juries vs. Alternate Assessment in Stimulating Higher Order Thinking in Dance Technique

Performance juries are a standard form of assessment in many dance programs, particularly in university programs and performing arts high schools. Yet, they often assess lower level procedural know...
Diagnosis of Patients with Acute Dizziness

Using an algorithmic approach to acutely dizzy patients, physicians can often confidently make a specific diagnosis that leads to correct treatment and should reduce the misdiagnosis of cerebrovascular events. Emergency clinicians should try to become familiar with an approach that exploits timing and triggers as well as some basic "rules" of nystagmus. The gait should always be tested in all patients who might be discharged. Computed tomographic scans are unreliable to exclude posterior circulation stroke presenting as dizziness, and early MRI (within the first 72 hours) also misses 10% to 20% of these cases.
Long-term behavioral resilience in search-and-rescue dogs responding to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

Abstract Working dogs are valued for their olfactory abilities, trainability, and teamwork with their handlers. They often work in environments that could be associated with stress, and it is critical to understand the impact these experiences have on behavioral and medical welfare. A cohort of search-and-rescue (SAR) dogs that responded to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and a cohort of SAR dogs that did not deploy to that event have been followed over their lifetimes to assess the health and behavioral effects of this deployment. The Canine Behavioral and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) was administered annually to handlers of 150 dogs (95 deployed and 55 non-deployed). Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to examine the relationship between independent variables including age, sex, deployment status, FEMA certification type, and breed with each behavior as the dependent variable. The GAM model was used so the age and the relationship between age and deployment status could be modeled nonparametrically with a function that changes over the range of the variable in nonlinear ways. There was no effect of deployment status on any of the C-BARQ subscales except that deployed dogs had higher trainability (P = 0.03). The nonlinear smooth terms for age were significant for trainability (P
Implementing Resident Team Assistant Programs at Academic Medical Centers: Lessons Learned.

Background Excessive inpatient administrative tasks can lead to adverse consequences for residents and their patients. Furthermore, this burden has been linked to depersonalization, a major component of physician burnout. Objective To describe the development, implementation, feasibility, acceptability, and early outcomes of Resident Team Assistant (RTA) programs. Methods Three large academic medical centers created RTA programs in which administrative assistants are incorporated into inpatient medical teams. First steps included a needs assessment and driver diagram creation to identify key issues and to solidify goals. Program directors were assigned, and RTAs were hired, trained, and incorporated into inpatient teams at each institution (2003, 2016, 2018). Program leadership and institutional stakeholders met regularly to discuss development and quality assurance. Surveys and direct interviews were performed to evaluate impact and acceptability. Institutional goals in accordance to RTAs tasks were also investigated. Results Resident surveys and interviews have shown acceptability with RTAs completing a large percentage of resident administrative tasks while promoting time spent in direct clinical care and job satisfaction. Hospital-specific improvements have included increase in referring physician communication rate and decrease in work hour violations. The programs have maintained high feasibility and sustainability with a relatively low time commitment from leadership and cost for the institutions. Conclusions The RTA programs at the 3 institutions have continued to be sustained over time with perceived improvements in administrative task burden and job satisfaction for the residents. They have maintained high acceptability and feasibility in terms of effort and costs for the hospitals.
Cellular and pathological heterogeneity of primary tauopathies.

Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally aggregated in neuronal and glial cells in a range of neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively referred to as tauopathies. Multiple studies have suggested that pathological tau species may act as a seed that promotes aggregation of endogenous tau in naive cells and contributes to propagation of tau pathology. While they share pathological tau aggregation as a common feature, tauopathies are distinct from one another with respect to predominant tau isoforms that accumulate and the selective vulnerability of brain regions and cell types that have tau inclusions. For instance, primary tauopathies present with glial tau pathology, while it is mostly neuronal in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Also, morphologies of tau inclusions can greatly vary even within the same cell type, suggesting distinct mechanisms or distinct tau conformers in each tauopathy. Neuropathological heterogeneity across tauopathies challenges our understanding of pathophysiology behind tau seeding and aggregation, as well as our efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies for AD and other tauopathies. In this review, we describe diverse neuropathological features of tau inclusions in neurodegenerative tauopathies and discuss what has been learned from experimental studies with mouse models, advanced transcriptomics, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) on the biology underlying cell type-specific tau pathology.