cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FROM ‘MIGRANTS’ TO ‘REFUGEES’: IDENTITY, AID, AND DECOLONIZATION IN NGARA DISTRICT, TANZANIA*

This article argues that international aid to Rwandan refugees in Ngara district during decolonization unfolded as part of a broader project of nation-state formation and regulation – one that deeply affected local narratives of community and belonging. While there is an extensive scholarship on decolonization and nationalism, we know less about the history of the nation-state as a refugee-generating project, and the role of international aid agencies therein. The history of Rwandan refugees in Ngara district, Tanzania, reveals the constitutive relationship between nation-building and refugee experiences, illustrating that during decolonization local political imaginations congealed around internationally-reified categorizations of the ‘refugee’ and the ‘citizen’.
Clinical Case #3: Steve

Steve is a 22-year-old first-year graduate student in molecular biology who was referred by his friend. Steve has a 6-week history of right lower back pain, right buttock pain, and radiating right leg pain. The pain began without any particular inciting event that he can identify. The pain radiates from the right lower back and buttock into the right posterior thigh, lateral thigh, calf, and into the right dorsum of the foot. Steve’s right lateral lower leg feels numb to him.
Associations between metabolic syndrome, breast cancer recurrence, and the 21-gene recurrence score assay

The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay is prognostic in estrogen receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer (BC). The interaction between RS and host factors including metabolic syndrome (MS) is unclear. MS conditions such as obesity have been associated with worse BC prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify associations between presence of MS conditions and RS group or breast cancer recurrence. Demographic, pathologic, and treatment data, MS criteria, and menopausal status were abstracted from medical records of women with stage I–II, HR+, HER2-negative BC evaluated with the RS assay at a single institution since 2005. MS was defined as presence of ≥3 of the following within 2 years of diagnosis: body mass index ≥27.7 kg/m2; hypertension; impaired fasting glucose; HDL <50 mg/dL; hypertriglyceridemia. Of 533 eligible women, 22 % had MS. MS was more common in post- vs premenopausal women (30 vs 9 %; P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between RS group and overall MS status or any individual criterion, controlling for stage, and no association after stratification by menopausal status. Postmenopausal status was associated with higher RS group (P = 0.039), independent of stage. With 4.2-year median follow-up, no association between disease recurrence and MS was identified. Although MS has been associated with worse BC outcomes, we were unable to identify associations between RS group and MS criteria. Identification of prognostic factors other than RS that underlie this higher risk will be important for optimizing breast cancer treatment decision-making in patients with MS.
Ask the Beasts: Darwin and the God of Love, Elizabeth Johnson

Elizabeth Johnson, one of the foremost theologians of our day, here offers a deeply theological engagement with evolutionary biology, drawing out ecological implications. She begins this extraordin...
The Story of Human and Societal Evolution: The Evolutionary Journey of Our Ancestors

In the previous chapter we traced the development of the evolutionary idea through the ages. Over a period of two millennia, starting with the Greek classical movement, we visited with philosophers and scientists who contemplated evolution in general and human and societal evolution in particular. We heard a great variety of ideas, most of them speculations but some providing rare insights. It was not until the nineteenth century that our journey led to a great discovery: evolutionary science. The lifelong work of Lamarck, Darwin, Wallace, and Spencer drastically changed the evolutionary idea landscape from one of hazy features to a clearly formed scholarly endeavor. From the work of these pioneers, the domain of evolutionary science exploded into a cross-disciplinary science, the literature of which takes up whole sections in libraries.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bismuth Telluride Exfoliation Mechanisms in Different Ionic Liquid Solvents

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a well-known thermoelectric material with potential applications in several different emerging technologies. The bulk structure is composed of stacks of quintuple sheets (with weak interactions between neighboring sheets), and the performance of the material can be significantly enhanced if exfoliated into two-dimensional nanosheets. In this study, eight different imidazolium-based ionic liquids are evaluated as solvents for the exfoliation and dispersion of Bi2Te3 at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550 K. Three distinct exfoliation mechanisms are evaluated (pulling, shearing, and peeling) using steered molecular dynamics simulations, and we predict that the peeling mechanism is thermodynamically the most favorable route. Furthermore, the [Tf2N–]-based ionic liquids are particularly effective at enhancing the exfoliation, and this performance can be correlated to the unique molecular-level solvation structures developed at the Bi2Te3 surfaces. This information helps provide ...
Model for Layout and Design of Sewer Systems

An optimization model has been developed for computing the minimum cost layout and design of sewer systems for arbitrary topographic, physiographic, and hydrologic conditions. The heuristic procedure has been developed as a screening model consisting of two conjunctive phases: a combined layout and design model and a design model for given layouts. The combined layout and design model is an optimization procedure based upon discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) and a connectivity model formulated as a set-partitioning problem. This iterative stage-by-stage procedure results in a complete system layout and design after each iteration. The design model for given layouts is also based upon DDDP and is used to compute the minimum cost designs for layouts generated by the combined model. Through the use of a hypothetical example several factors affecting efficient use of the layout and design model are identified and examined.
Abstract 1008: Cytoplasmic p53 protects against MG132-induced apoptosis in a cell state-dependent manner

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Since the approval of proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib, for use in multiple myeloma in 2003, pharmacological proteasome inhibitors has been shown to be an important strategy for treating many types of cancer. While proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis in certain rapidly proliferating cancer cells, some cells enters quiescence and survives. The mechanism by which quiescent cells become resistant to proteasome inhibitors is largely unknown. The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays an essential role in establishing and maintain quiescence in human cells. It also regulates several cell survival mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and activation of reactive oxygen detoxifying enzymes. Here, we investigated the role of p53 in establishing resistance against proteasome inhibitors in quiescent cells. We found that MG132 (a know proteasome inhibitor) treatment induces the accumulation of p53 and its downstream target p21 more in quiescent cells than in proliferating primary human fibroblasts. shRNA mediated down-regulation of p53 sensitizes both proliferating and quiescent fibroblasts to MG132-mediated apoptosis and cell death, suggesting that p53 plays a protective role in all cell states. Additional experiments demonstrated that proliferating fibroblasts are susceptible to inhibition of cytoplasmic p53 activity, whereas quiescent fibroblasts are sensitive to inhibition of nuclear p53 activity. These findings suggest that p53 induces different protective mechanisms against MG132-mediated cell death, depending of the proliferative state of the cells. Autophagy, an alternative degradation pathway regulated by p53, is also induced in both cell states upon MG132 treatment. Identification of p53-mediated regulatory mechanisms that are activated in quiescent cells in response to proteasome inhibition may help to suggest strategies for improving the effectiveness of proteasome inhibitors in treating cancer. This work was supported by NCI K01 CA128887 to Aster Legesse-Miller. Citation Format: Ho Wa (Jacky) Cheng, Aster Legesse-Miller. Cytoplasmic p53 protects against MG132-induced apoptosis in a cell state-dependent manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1008. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1008
Case 3: Broviac Catheter Placement in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

A 43-day-old (1.3-kg) girl born at 27 weeks is scheduled for a Broviac catheter replacement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). She is in the NICU because of respiratory failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, right lower lobe pneumonia, and sepsis. She has failed extubation twice in the past due to postextubation stridor and desaturation. The day before surgery, the patient was intubated with a 2.5 endotracheal tube (ETT) by the NICU staff and ventilated for 12 h before surgery. A large leak has been suspected around the endotracheal tube (ETT), as the nurse has noted hearing the patient cough and cry. At present, the ventilator is working and the settings include an FIO2 of 30 %, respiratory rate of 14, and the pressure setting of 24/5. The patient’s vital signs include a respiratory rate of 60, heart rate of 150 bpm, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry of 92–95 %. Her gastric tube is in place and open to air. Coarse breath sounds are heard bilaterally without evidence of leakage around the ETT. Standard monitoring devices are placed except for an end-tidal CO2 monitor, which is not available. A preoperative radiography of the chest had been taken earlier in the morning but is unavailable for viewing.
The Rise of Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon is one of the most central political figures in American history. Therefore, an analysis of how he rose to national prominence, and so quickly at that, is a worthwhile discussion. For example, Nixon entered the United States House of Representatives in 1946 by defeating the popular Democratic incumbent, Jerry Voorhis. Without previous political experience, Nixon was thrown into Congress where he was promptly placed on the infamous House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). There he gained national fame in the case of Alger Hiss, an accused communist spy. He followed this with a stunning victory in the 1950 senatorial race against Helen Gahagan Douglas. Soon after, Nixon was nominated as the vice presidential candidate in 1952. At the young age of forty, and just six years after his first political campaign, Nixon entered the White House as Dwight D. Eisenhower's vice president. Nixon's meteoric rise to power begs the question of just how exactly he accomplished this feat. The answer to this question is quite simple: Nixon used the issue of communist subversion to further his political career. In fact, the perceived communist threat of the post-World War II era was the chief catalyst in Nixon's rise to the forefront of American politics. His career gained momentum alongside the Red Scare of this era with his public battles against accused communist sympathizers.
TrkB signalling pathway mediates the protective effects of exercise in the diabetic rat retina

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss. Treatment options for early retinopathy are sparse. Exercise protects dying photoreceptors in models of retinal degeneration, thereby preserving vision. We tested the protective effects of exercise on retinal and cognitive deficits in a type 1 diabetes model and determined whether the TrkB pathway mediates this effect. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Long Evans rats via streptozotocin injection (STZ; 100 mg/kg). Following confirmed hyperglycaemia, both control and diabetic rats underwent treadmill exercise for 30 min, 5 days/week at 0 m/min (inactive groups) or 15 m/min (active groups) for 8 weeks. A TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12), or vehicle, was injected 2.5 h before exercise training. We measured spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity using optokinetic tracking biweekly post-STZ; retinal function using electroretinography at 4 and 8 weeks; and cognitive function and exploratory behaviour using Y-maze at 8 weeks. Retinal neurotrophin-4 was measured using ELISA. Compared with non-diabetic controls, diabetic rats showed significantly reduced spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity, delayed electroretinogram oscillatory potential and flicker implicit times and reduced cognitive function and exploratory behaviour. Exercise interventions significantly delayed the appearance of all deficits, except for exploratory behaviour. Treatment with ANA-12 significantly reduced this protection, suggesting a TrkB-mediated mechanism. Despite this, no changes in retinal neurotrohin-4 were observed with diabetes or exercise. Exercise protected against early visual and cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats, suggesting that exercise interventions started after hyperglycaemia diagnosis may be a beneficial treatment. The translational potential is high, given that exercise treatment is non-invasive, patient controlled and inexpensive.
Advanced EDA Tools for High-Performance Design

This talk will focus on Cadence’s vision for advanced EDA tools and technology for high-performance designs at sub-nanometer process nodes. There will be specific emphasis on design for manufacturability to maximize yield, “reliable” design techniques and supporting technologies, and tool support for new high performance and low power circuit design techniques.
Cigar and pipe smoking in the U.S. military : Prevalence, trends, and correlates

This article examines the prevalence, trends, and correlates in cigar/pipe smoking and their relation to cigarette smoking among active duty U.S. military personnel. An examination of the trends in cigar/pipe smoking was conducted with data from 1985 to 1998, and predictors of smoking were determined for 1998. Rates of cigar/pipe smoking declined from 1985 until about 1992 and then began to increase. From 1995 to 1998, there was a 75% increase in the prevalence of cigar/pipe smoking. Greater prevalence of cigar/pipe smoking was associated with male gender, younger age, relatively favorable beliefs and values toward smoking, and being a current cigarette smoker. Findings indicate a notable increase in past-year cigar/pipe smoking. These findings suggest that military tobacco prevention and early intervention programs would benefit from including components that deal specifically with cigar and pipe use in addition to cigarette smoking.
Integrating smoking cessation into lung cancer screening programs

Early detection through low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer and implementation of smoking cessation can reduce mortality related to lung cancer. While studies delineating the relationship between smoking cessation strategies and lung cancer screening programs remain sparse, we aim to review available data on their importance both individually and synergistically. Strategies and obstacles for implementation are also discussed.
Posterior parietal influences on visual network specialization during development: An fMRI study of functional connectivity in children ages 9 to 12

Visual processing in the primate brain is highly organized along the ventral visual pathway, although it is still unclear how categorical selectivity emerges in this system. While many theories have attempted to explain the pattern of visual specialization within the ventral occipital and temporal areas, the biased connectivity hypothesis provides a framework which postulates extrinsic connectivity as a potential mechanism in shaping the development of category selectivity. As the posterior parietal cortex plays a central role in visual attention, we examined whether the pattern of parietal connectivity with the face and scene processing regions is closely linked with the functional properties of these two visually selective networks in a cohort of 60 children ages 9 to 12. Functionally localized face and scene selective regions were used in deriving each visual network's resting-state functional connectivity. The children's face and scene processing networks appeared to show a weak network segregation during resting state, which was confirmed when compared to that of a group of gender and handedness matched adults. Parietal regions of these children showed differential connectivity with the face and scene networks, and the extent of this differential parietal-visual connectivity predicted individual differences in the degree of segregation between the two visual networks, which in turn predicted individual differences in visual perception performance. Finally, the pattern of parietal connectivity with the face processing network also predicted the foci of face-related activation in the right fusiform gyrus across children. These findings provide evidence that extrinsic connectivity with regions such as the posterior parietal cortex may have important implications in the development of specialized visual processing networks.
Severe Pernicious Anemia Predisposing to Hypoxic Hepatitis

Hypoxic hepatitis or ischemic hepatitis is most commonly encountered in critical care patients, most of whom have shock states secondary to cardiac or respiratory failure. We report a case of severe pernicious anemia predisposing to hypoxic hepatitis that had a good prognosis with simple treatment. Care should be taken in management of severe anemia, interpretation of serum vitamin B12 levels after blood transfusion, and the use of intravenous fluids.
Malignant phyllodes tumor in Lynch syndrome: a case report

Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is an autosomal dominant genetic syndrome that predisposes individuals to multiple cancer types. The known cancers associated with Lynch syndrome include colorectal and endometrial cancers as well as cancers of the stomach, ovary, urinary tract, hepatobiliary tract, pancreas, small bowel, and brain. There are no searchable cases of malignant phyllodes of the breast associated with Lynch syndrome. Our patient was a 43-year-old Caucasian woman who felt a lump in her left breast and was found to have a spindle cell neoplasm. Definitive surgery revealed a malignant phyllodes tumor. On the basis of her cancer diagnosis and family history of multiple cancers, a Myriad myRisk Hereditary Cancer® test panel of 25 genes was performed. This testing revealed that she had a heterozygous MSH6 mutation as part of the Lynch syndrome panel. Due to positive margins, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. She also had a subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy and a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for risk reduction. She remains in a high-risk surveillance program. Her family members have been tested, which revealed that her two brothers and daughter also carry the genetic mutation. This case highlights the importance of genetic testing with rare malignancies because the full scope of phenotypic sequelae for known hereditary syndromes has not been mapped.
FSMI: Fast Computation of Shannon Mutual Information for Information-Theoretic Mapping

Information-based mapping algorithms are critical to robot exploration tasks in several applications ranging from disaster response to space exploration. Unfortunately, most existing information-based mapping algorithms are plagued by the computational difficulty of evaluating the Shannon mutual information between potential future sensor measurements and the map. This has lead researchers to develop approximate methods, such as Cauchy-Schwarz Quadratic Mutual Information (CSQMI). In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called Fast Shannon Mutual Information (FSMI), which is significantly faster than existing methods at computing the exact Shannon mutual information. The key insight behind FSMI is recognizing that the integral over the sensor beam can be evaluated analytically, removing an expensive numerical integration. In addition, we provide a number of approximation techniques for FSMI, which significantly improve computation time. Equipped with these approximation techniques, the FSMI algorithm is more than three orders of magnitude faster than the existing computation for Shannon mutual information; it also outperforms the CSQMI algorithm significantly, being roughly twice as fast, in our experiments.
The Strategic Value of Integrated Corporate Communication: Functions, Social Media, and Stakeholders

ABSTRACTIntegrated corporate communication is relevant in the strategic management process with its focus on shaping consistent messages to strategic stakeholders, sustaining corporate communicatio...
Machine Learning in Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research.

Machine learning approaches to modeling of epidemiologic data are becoming increasingly more prevalent in the literature. These methods have the potential to improve our understanding of health and...
Fine-scale seabed habitats off Capri Island, southern Italy

Abstract Capri Island is located in the southern sector of the Bay of Naples at the eastern margin of the Tyrrhenian basin off Campania, southern Italy. A seabed area of the northern submerged flank of the island covering ~13 km2 was mapped and sampled to characterize geomorphic features and benthic habitats at high resolution (1:5.000 scale). The investigated seabed includes the submerged areas near the island’s coastal cliffs and the offshore zone, up to a depth of 150 m. Morphology and substrate composition of the seabed were characterized using swath bathymetry and sidescan sonar imagery integrated with grab sampling, SCUBA diving, and towed video inspections. The seabed in the study area was characterized by suboutcropping rocky (limestone) areas with thin (
Predictors of uptake and retention in an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse.

Objective: Examine uptake (e.g., initial session participation) and retention (e.g., booster session participation) in an intervention about responding to sexual assault and partner abuse disclosur...
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia at a Single Molybdenum Center

As far as we are aware, the [HIPTN3N]Mo system and some of its variations are the only nonenzymatic systems that will reduce dinitrogen catalytically and selectively to ammonia in the presence of protons and electrons at room temperature and pressure. We now can be relatively certain that reduction is accomplished at a single Mo center in a manner that so far appears to be analogous (approximately) to that proposed by Chatt and his group, with an important difference being that the highest possible oxidation states are involved (Mo(III) to Mo(VI)) in the cycle. Conversion of Mo(NH3) to Mo(N2) appears to be one of the slow steps in the successful reductions, in part because ammonia is an inhibitor. Although the catalytic system we have developed does not involve biologically relevant ligands, reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia in such a simple “artificial” Mo system suggests that Mo is exceptional, as Chatt suspected, in its ability to reduce dinitrogen, although it probably is not unique. Whether dinitrogen is reduced at molybdenum in FeMo nitrogenase is still speculative, although it is attractive to propose that it is. It is possible that dinitrogen is reduced at V or Fe when they substitute for Mo. It may prove to be considerably more difficult to design non-enzymatic V or Fe systems that reduce dinitrogen catalytically under conditions similar to those used in the [HIPTN3N]Mo reactions, primarily because V and Fe are less efficient than Mo. One also cannot state that dinitrogen must be reduced at low temperature and pressure only in the manner found in [HIPTN3N]Mo systems. However, at the same time one should ponder whether the sheer complexity of catalytic dinitrogen reduction to ammonia with protons and electrons automatically severely limits mechanistic alternatives under mild conditions. Finally, it is also interesting to speculate what other “high oxidation state” chemistry and what other catalytic reactions can be developed with complexes that contain the [HIPTN3N]3− ligand system.
A follow-up study of children' s meningomyelocele with tethered cord after surgery

Objective This study was to assess the long - term results of surgical treatment of meningomyelocele with TCS in children and to define any prognostic factors associated with longterm outcome.Methods Between 2003 to 2007,153 children with TCS were analyzed.The group included 62 boys and 91 girls.Evaluation was performed through the symptoms,signs and auxiliary examination ( color dopplar ultrasound,urinedynamics ).Results Constipation ( preoperative 37,postoperative 18 ),fecal incontinence (preoperative 27,postoperative 4 ),urinary - retention ( preoperative23,postoperative5 ),urinary incontinence (preoperative 34,postoperative 7) were found.Lower limb paralysis was found in 101 cases before surgery and in 24 cases after surgery ( P =0.01 ).Bladder compliance and the capacity in maximum bladder pressure determination were obviously improved ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Kidney collecting system separation was improved obviously.Conclusion Early surgery is the key factor which affects the outcome. Key words: Child; Meningomyelocele; Tethered cord syndrome; Surgical procedures,operative; Follow - up studies
Empirical validation of a touchscreen probabilistic reward task in rats.

Anhedonia, the loss of pleasure from previously rewarding activities, is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD). In order to accelerate drug development for mood disorders, quantitative approaches are needed to objectively measure responsiveness to reward as a means to identify deficits. One such approach, the probabilistic reward task (PRT), uses visual discrimination methodology to quantify reward learning. In this computerized task, humans make visual discriminations, and probabilistic contingencies are arranged such that correct responses to one alternative are rewarded more often (rich) than correct responses to the other (lean). Healthy participants consistently develop a response bias in favor of the rich alternative. However, participants with MDD typically exhibit lower response biases, and this blunting correlates with current and future anhedonia. The present studies validated a touchscreen-based PRT in rodents with formal and functional similarity to the human task. First, rats were trained to discriminate between two lines that differed in length. Next, parametric manipulations of probabilistic contingencies, line-length stimuli, and drug treatment (amphetamine, 0.32–3.2 mg/kg; scopolamine, 0.1–1.0 mg/kg; oxycodone, 0.1–1.0 mg/kg) on response bias were evaluated. Results demonstrated orderly shifts in bias and discriminability that varied as a function of, respectively, the asymmetry of rich/lean probabilities and disparity in line lengths. Drugs that enhance reward responsiveness (amphetamine and scopolamine, but not oxycodone) increased bias, verifying pharmacological task sensitivity. Finally, performance outcomes under optimized conditions were replicated in female rats. Collectively, the touchscreen-based rodent PRT appears to have high preclinical value as a quantitative assay of reward learning.
Investigation of the dielectric strength of supercritical carbon dioxide–trifluoroiodomethane fluid mixtures

We investigate the dielectric strength of supercritical carbon dioxide–trifluoroiodomethane (CO2–CF3I) fluid mixtures. Supercritical fluids (SCFs), as a novel dielectric medium, combine advantageous properties of gaseous and liquid dielectrics: most notably, low viscosity, high heat transfer capability, and high dielectric strength. To our knowledge, this supercritical mixture of substances has never been investigated with respect to its dielectric properties. Our results suggest that supercritical CO2–CF3I binary mixtures have the electrical breakdown behavior similar to what we had observed in pure SCFs near the critical point. Specifically, we present the first evidence that the density fluctuation in SCF binary mixtures has a direct impact on the mean free path of electrons. By adjusting the mixing ratio, we show that the region where the discontinuity of breakdown voltage occurs shifts based on the ratio of the two substances. In addition, the experiment result shows a dielectric strength of the supercritical CF3I–CO2 mixture reaching up to 350 kV/mm, which is comparable to solid insulating materials. This paper indicates the suitability of using the supercritical CF3I–CO2 mixture as a dielectric medium for high power density applications.
Effects of a mindfulness-induction on subjective and physiological stress response in adolescents at-risk for adult obesity.

Abstract Background Mindfulness-training may benefit stress response and stress-eating, yet few studies have experimentally tested these effects in adolescents. In this short communication, we report whether a brief mindfulness-induction affected acute stress response and stress-eating in adolescents at-risk for adult obesity. We explored disordered eating as a moderator. Method Twenty-nine adolescents (age 14 ± 2 y) at-risk for adult obesity participated in a within-subjects, randomized crossover experiment. Following a 10-minute mindfulness or neutral-induction on different days in random order, the Trier Social Stress Test adapted for adolescents was administered, followed by an ad libitum lunch meal. Physiological stress response (heart rate, blood pressure) and subjective stress response (anxiety, mindlessness) were determined with area under the curve with respect to increase. Stress-eating was measured as test meal energy consumed. Global disordered-eating and binge-eating were assessed with the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire. Results Relative to a neutral-induction, a mindfulness-induction reduced state anxiety response (p = .04). There were significant interactions of induction-type by global disordered-eating (p = .02) and binge-eating (p = .03), such that the mindfulness-induction most reduced anxiety response in adolescents with relatively lower global disordered-eating and those with no binge-eating. Induction-type also interacted with binge-eating in predicting diastolic blood pressure (p = .03). A mindfulness-induction, versus neutral-induction, most reduced diastolic blood pressure response in adolescents with binge-eating. Conclusions Brief mindfulness-training may alter some aspects of acute stress response, with variations by disordered-eating. Future research should test alternative mindfulness induction-types (e.g., acceptance/self-compassion) to improve our understanding of how mindfulness-training may benefit adolescents at-risk for adult obesity.
The influence of venture capital syndicate size on venture performance

Venture capital (VC) syndicates pool diverse resources from their members to accomplish the common goal of nurturing new ventures for a successful exit. Although the size of syndicate is a fundamen...
El Patrimonio cultural al servicio de prácticas de Educación Permanente en entornos barriales. El caso de Playa Ancha - Valparaíso

Since the inscription of the Historic Zone of the port city of Valparaiso - Chile on the World Heritage List, as a result of the monitoring process carried out in all the registered sites, the International Council of Monuments and Sites has been insisting on the growing need to strengthen civic identity, regarding the interpretation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the inscribed property and the participation in it, of the main actors of the city. In this sense, it is urgent to attend to the roots of the community in its territory, as a depository of various heritage values ​​that have not been duly studied, informed and transferred. Faced with this problematic situation, under the paradigm of participatory action research, through a prospective methodology and systematization as a learning strategy from practice; this article presents an experience of permanent education, developed in the public space of Playa Ancha hill, aimed at the construction of shared knowledge by a group of habitants; who, as a result of this process, manage to empower themselves with the responsibility to signify, strengthen and transfer the heritage values ​​of their territory.
Two Girls’ Perilous Journey of Immigration

Across a Hundred Mountains weaves the tale of two young girls, Juana Garcia and Adelina Vasquez, and poignantly details their incredible journeys of immigration. Each chapter is told from the perspective of one of the two girls, switching back and forth between each one. Grande explores poverty, migration, and sacrifice in this thought-provoking tale. In this book review, the author analyzes Reyna Grande’s portrayal of an immigrant’s journey to the United States.
Mutational analysis of the cell division inhibitor MinC

The Min system in Escherichia coli, including MinC, MinD, and MinE, is a major negative regulator of cell division that antagonizes Z-ring assembly at the cell poles. To gain mechanistic insight in...
A survey of industrial experiences with CMM and the teaching of CMM practices

Teaching Software Engineering at the undergraduate and graduate levels often lacks the emphasis on models and practices that support software process improvement, such as Capability Maturity Model (CMM), ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 9000-3, and Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination (SPICE). The Software Engineering Institute's CMM is widely adapted and has received great publicity in the software development industry. The goals of this research project are to conduct a literature survey of industrial experiences with CMM; investigate the status of teaching CMM practices for software process improvement; and draw a recommendation on teaching CMM as a part of Software Engineering or Project Management courses. A listing of colleges and universities that teach CMM practices is provided.
Improving Slocum Glider dead reckoning using a Doppler Velocity Log

The Slocum Electric Glider is a buoyancy driven Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) capable of long term deployments typically lasting four to six weeks. During missions execution, the vehicle makes use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to navigate to its commanded waypoints. GPS, however, can only be used while the vehicle is at the surface. While underwater, the glider uses a simple dead reckoning (DR) algorithm to estimate its location and does not find its true position again until its next periodic surfacing. The Slocum Glider's dead reckoning algorithm estimates its position based on speed and heading calculations; they are derived from measurements from onboard sensors. Specifically, speed is determined by the depth rate change and pitch angle over a period of time. Since there is limited sensory input to the algorithm, the vehicle's estimated global position can differ significantly from its true position. Precise location information is important when collecting spatiotemporal sensitive sensor data and for vehicle navigation. In this paper, we will explore the benefits that can be gained if the dead reckoning algorithm makes use of a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) to improve a vehicle's location estimates. Initial results based on a deployment equipped with the DVL on a Slocum Glider show promising results.
Economic growth and defense spending: Granger Causality

Abstract This paper uses Granger causality to check the assumed exogeneity of military spending relative to economic growth in previous studies of the relationship between economic growth and military spending. The test results, performed using two measures of military spending, consistently show that military spending is not a strongly exogenous variable, implying that previous work in this area is flawed.
Developmental changes in the discrimination of dynamic human actions in infancy

Recent evidence suggests adults selectively attend to features of action, such as how a hand contacts an object, and less to configural properties of action, such as spatial trajectory, when observing human actions. The current research investigated whether this bias develops in infancy. We utilized a habituation paradigm to assess 4-month-old and 10-month-old infants’ discrimination of action based on featural, configural, and temporal sources of action information. Younger infants were able to discriminate changes to all three sources of information, but older infants were only able to reliably discriminate changes to featural information. These results highlight a previously unknown aspect of early action processing, and suggest that action perception may undergo a developmental process akin to perceptual narrowing. Effective management of one’s daily affairs requires efficient processing of the actions of others. Processing human action is critical for understanding others’ goals and intentions, which are in turn crucial for navigating social situations. Since human action is inherently complex and dynamic in nature, a powerful cognitive system that utilizes both top-down and bottom-up processes likely underlies action analysis (Baldwin, 2005). While adults can make use of top-down information to guide their action processing and goal inference, infants lack much of this information, and must rely more heavily on bottom-up processes to analyze others’ behavior. Thus, investigating how infants process the actions of others provides a window into the development of early social cognition. One aspect of infant action perception that has yet to be directly examined is action discrimination – that is, infants’ ability to perceive differences among actions. We use the term action to refer to the intentional movements of a human agent in the execution of a goal, including the initiation, unfolding, and completion of the movements. Characterized as such, there are numerous properties of action that a human agent can vary: the spatial trajectory of their actions, the speed of their actions, the particular limb used, the kind of grasp used, etc. Exploring action discrimination in infancy can reveal what properties of action infants attend to and encode during their observation of other’s behavior. For instance, do infants readily discriminate between actions that vary according to a single property, such as speed? Are they better able to discriminate changes in certain properties over other properties? The goal of the current research was to investigate what properties of action infants attend to when observing actions, and whether their attention during action observation changes across development. What is known about infants’ action discrimination comes from research exploring infants’ goal understanding. Infants’ ability to discriminate actions on the basis of goal information changes across development. Woodward (1998) tested whether infants understand that actions are directed toward particular goals. In her study, infants were habituated to an actor
Characteristics of atypical Neisseria gonorrhoeae from disseminated and localized infections.

Approximately 6% of 1,200 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were atypical because they produced smaller than normal colonies on conventioal chocolate agar and fermented glucose weakly. Auxotyping studies indicated that these atypical strains required for growth arginine, uracil, and, in most instances, hypoxanthine. In addition, all of them were susceptible to 0.02 U of penicillin/ml. None of the normal colony isolates, including those susceptible to the same low concentration of penicillin, had the same nutritional characteristics. Atypical strains comprised almost half of the isolates from disseminated infections, but only 5% of those from localized infections. Auxotyping was used to identify the contact of a patient who became reinfected nine times with an atypical gonoccal strain. In addition to its usefulness in such epidemiological studies, this technique has enabled us to distinguish a subgroup of gonococci with apparent increased pathogenicity. Images
Magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and pressure dependence of the electrical resistivity of La 3 Ni 2 O 7 and La 4 Ni 3 O 10

The magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity \ensuremath{\rho} under pressure have been measured on ${\mathrm{La}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10}.$ Heat-capacity measurements reveal electronic heat-capacity coefficients with magnitudes comparable to those of common metals. A weak feature in \ensuremath{\rho} and \ensuremath{\chi} appears in both samples near ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}130\mathrm{K},$ which could result from either a charge-transfer gap or charge-density wave (CDW). Pressure decreases \ensuremath{\rho}, and drives ${T}_{c}$ down at rates of -10.7 and -6.9 K/GPa for ${\mathrm{La}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10},$ respectively. The results suggest that the CDW picture be given more serious consideration.
Shared-Page Management for Improving the Temporal Isolation of Memory Reservations in Resource Kernels

Memory reservation provides real-time applications with guaranteed memory access to a specified amount of physical memory. However, previous work on memory reservation primarily focused on private pages, and did not pay attention to shared pages, which are widely used in current operating systems. With previous schemes, a real-time application may experience unexpected timing delays from other applications through shared pages that are shared by another process, even though the application has enough free pages in its reservation. In this paper, we describe problems with shared pages in real-time applications, and propose a shared-page management mechanism to enhance the temporal isolation of memory reservations in resource kernels that use resource reservation. The proposed mechanism consists of two techniques, Shared-Page Conservation (SPC) and Shared-Page Eviction Lock (SPEL), each of which prevents timing penalties caused by the seemingly arbitrary eviction of shared pages. The mechanism can manage shared data for inter-process communication and shared libraries, as well as pages shared by the kernel's copy-on-write technique and file caches. We have implemented and evaluated our schemes on the Linux/RK platform, but it can be applied to other operating systems with paged virtual memory.
On frame rate and player performance in first person shooter games

The rate at which frames are rendered in a computer game directly impacts player performance, influencing both the game playability and enjoyability. However, despite the importance of frame rate and the wide-spread popularity of computer games, to the best of our knowledge, there is little quantitative understanding of the effects of frame rate on player performance in computer games. This paper provides a unique classification of actions in First Person Shooter (FPS) games based on interaction requirements that allow qualitative assessment of the impact of frame rates on player performance. This qualitative assessment is supported by quantitative analysis from two large user studies that measure the effects of frame rate on the fundamental player actions in a FPS game. Nearly 100 users participated in the two user study experiments, providing performance and perception data over a range of frame rates commonly studied for video streaming and inclusive of frame rates found in many computer game platforms. In general, the analysis shows that actions that require precise, rapid response, such as shooting, are greatly impacted by degradations in frame rates, while actions with lower precision and response requirements, such as moving, are more tolerant of low frame rates. These insights into the effects of frame rates on player performance can guide players in their choice for game settings and new hardware purchases, and inform system designers in their development of new hardware.
What's in a library?: comparing library holdings to constituencies served

While the analysis of inter‐institutional collection overlap has become the profession's current analytic “hoola hoop,” the correlation of book collection to curriculum has the “acrid stench” of tampering with purse strings, and is studiously avoided. However, the analytical comparison of library holdings to constituencies being served could provide meaningful insights related to priorities and practices. This article describes and illustrates a method for analyzing this relationship.
Dissociative episodic and semantic priming effects in episodic recognition and lexical decision tasks

Abstract In two experiments, after studying semantically unrelated paired-associates, subjects made either episodic recognition judgments (was this item in the study list?) or lexical (word-nonword) decisions to studied and nonstudied word and nonword targets. Studied word targets were preceded 150 or 950 ms by one of four types of primes: (1) a neutral XXX prime, (2) an episodically related word prime from the same paired-associate as the word target, (3) a semantically related word prime that had been studied with a word other than the word target, or (4) an unrelated word prime. The main results were that for episodic recognition the processing of studied word targets was facilitated by episodically related primes and inhibited by semantically related primes, whereas for lexical decisions neither effect occurred. These results suggest that subjects attempt to suppress associations (whether episodic or semantic in nature) when they are irrelevant to task performance and have implications for M. I. Posner and C. R. R. Snyder's (1975a , Attention and Performance V. New York: Academic Press) priming theory and E. Tulving's (1983, Elements of Episodic Memory. New York: Oxford) episodic-semantic memory distinction.
Identifying changes in residual stress using indentation on machined metallic surfaces

Abstract The processing of metals can create residual surface stresses that dramatically impact their performance and may even lead to premature failure. An example is abrasive, mechanical machining of metals to create components with specific dimensions. The Knoop indentation and nanoindentation have been used to identify compressive residual stresses produced during surface abrasion of high purity ruthenium and alloys of aluminum, steel and titanium. X-ray stress measurements of residual stresses were used as a control. A larger elastic recovery is seen in the shorter axis of the Knoop indentations and in nanoindentation load–depth curves when comparing metals with a “rough” surface preparation to those with a “standard” polished finish. The degree of elastic recovery mirrors increased compressive residual stress in the metals. The residual stress does not directly affect the mechanical properties of the metal rather it affects the indentation geometry. All the samples showed a similar effect suggesting that the methods could be used as a quick and easy quality control check for the extent of residual stresses produced by mechanical machining of metals.
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in two pediatric patients: MR imaging findings

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor in childhood. We present two cases of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in which contrast-enhanced, fat-saturated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used advantageously to detect peritoneal tumor involvement.