cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More efficient estimation under non-normality when higher moments do not depend on the regressors, using residual augmented least squares

Under normality, least squares is efficient. However, if the errors are not normal, we can gain efficiency from the assertion that higher moments do not depend on the regressors. In this paper, we show how the assumption that higher moments do not depend on the regressors can be exploited in a GMM framework, and we provide simple estimators that are asymptotically equivalent to the GMM estimators. These estimators can be calculated by linear regressions which have been augmented with functions of the least squares residuals.
Modeling spatial patterns of recreational boaters: vessel, behavioral, and geographic considerations.

Abstract A regression-based framework for modeling recreational boating patterns and estimating preferred on-water destinations was introduced. A survey of 500 boaters provided model input regarding vessel, behavioral, and geographic characteristics. This information was used to construct a travel network within a Geographic Information System to identify major network intersections (pivots) and to calculate the distance traveled along network segments between intersections, as derived model input. Model estimates of preferred destinations and use intensity were compared to mail survey results for validation. The average error between reported and estimated boating destinations was 4.3 miles for a regional application and 3.0 miles for a sub-regional application. In addition to vessel and behavioral considerations, the results highlighted the significance of geographic and network variables in modeling the spatial patterns of recreational boaters and destination choice.
A hybrid method for scanning laser registration using a general linear laser model

Abstract Registration, also known as pose estimation and position registration, is an essential part of the accurate quantitative analysis of velocity data obtained with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). This paper presents a hybrid method of registration using a general linear laser model. The general linear laser model uses sets of slopes and intercepts rather than nonlinear functions of mirror angles to describe the spatial path of the laser beam. This simplifies registration mathematics and also allows the hybrid registration algorithm to be applied to any type of SLDV using any length unit system. The hybrid registration algorithm is comparable in accuracy to existing methods, but eliminates the need for laser rangefinders and the generation of high quality starting points in optimization. This is accomplished by using a very stable optimization based on distance between point pairs to generate a large number of potential solutions from random starting guesses, and then selecting the correct solution by means of a secondary error descriptor. Simulated and experimental validation is presented to support the effectiveness of this algorithm.
TREATMENT WITH CHILD AND MOTHER IN THE PLAYROOM.

Abstract A case is presented involving the desensitization of a child's anxiety responses to its mother A rationale for this treatment is discussed and contrasted with non-specific child treatment and play therapy techniques.
The electronic spectra of benzophenone in a mixed hydroxylic solvent

Abstract The phosphorescence, phosphorescence excitation, and absorption spectra of benzophenone and several derivatives in a mixed hydroxylic solvent of ethanol and water at 77°K are presented. It is shown that benzophenone exists in this solvent as two hydrogen bonded species, benzophenone hydrogen bonded to ethanol and benzophenone hydrogen bonded to water. The water species shows a blue shifted excitation and emission spectrum relative to the ethanol species. It also has a longer phosphorescence lifetime, although the quantum yields are the same for the two species.
Image accuracy improvements in microwave tomographic thermometry: phantom experience.

Evaluation of a laboratory-scale microwave imaging system for non-invasive temperature monitoring has previously been reported with good results in terms of both spatial and temperature resolution. However, a new formulation of the reconstruction algorithm in terms of the log-magnitude and phase of the electric fields has dramatically improved the ability of the system to track the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity distribution. This algorithmic enhancement was originally implemented as a way of improving overall imaging capability in cases of large, high contrast permittivity scatterers, but has also proved to be sensitive to subtle conductivity changes as required in thermal imaging. Additional refinements in the regularization procedure have strengthened the reliability and robustness of image convergence. Imaging experiments were performed for a single heated target consisting of a 5.1 cm diameter PVC tube located within 15 and 25 cm diameter monopole antenna arrays, respectively. The perf...
Uzbekistan: The invention of nationalism in an invented nation

(1999). Uzbekistan: The invention of nationalism in an invented nation. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 8, No. 15, pp. 77-98.
Development of polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the course of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A case in which polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) developed during the course of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is described. Observations in this case suggest that ITP was a pre-monitor of the clinical development of CLL and preceded the manifestation of polycythemia vera. The polycythemia was mild, requiring infrequent phlebotomies, and, as the CLL progressed, the requirement for phlebotomy diminished. Evidence of both CLL and myeloid proliferation, as well as severe immune thrombocytopenia, persisted throughout her course. Studies on lymphocytes revealed characteristics of those of CLL. Excellent therapeutic response of the CLL was observed with the use of vinblastine and steroids.
Effect of platelet antigen polymorphism on platelet inhibition by aspirin, clopidogrel, or their combination.

Effect of Platelet Antigen Polymorphism on Platelet Inhibition by Aspirin, Clopidogrel, or Their CombinationGlen E. Cooke, Yiwen Liu-Stratton, Amy K. Ferketich, Melvin L. Moeschberger, David J. Fri...
Intralesional Sodium Thiosulfate for the Treatment of Calciphylaxis

Importance Calciphylaxis is a potentially fatal disorder of abnormal calcium deposition. Patients commonly present with painful retiform to stellate purpuric lesions that often undergo ulceration and necrosis, increasing the risk of infection and life-threatening sepsis. Treatment is multifaceted, and improved outcomes have been demonstrated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate; however, the use of this medication can be limited by its adverse effects. The use of topical sodium thiosulfate has been successfully reported for superficial calcium deposits in the skin from other processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that intralesional (IL) sodium thiosulfate may be an effective treatment for the deeper lesions of cutaneous calciphylaxis. We provide a retrospective case review of 4 patients with calciphylaxis who were treated with IL sodium thiosulfate. Observations Four patients with biopsy-proven cutaneous calciphylaxis were treated with IL sodium thiosulfate (250 mg/mL) in areas of clinically active disease. The patients tolerated the medication well, with only transient localized discomfort during injection. All 4 patients had complete healing of their ulcers and remission of disease. Conclusions and Relevance Intralesional sodium thiosulfate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for localized calciphylaxis. This novel approach requires further research and investigation.
Maternal responsiveness with preterm infants and later competency

Maternal responsiveness during infancy is associated with children's intellectual and social competence at age twelve.
Regulation of transmembrane signaling by receptor phosphorylation

At least two major effects of receptor phosphorylation have been identified--regulation of receptor function, and regulation of receptor distribution. In many cases where phosphorylation directly alters the functions of receptors, this appears to be in a negative direction. Such decreases in receptor activity may reflect reduced ability to interact with biochemical effectors (e.g., the beta-adrenergic receptor, rhodopsin), reduced affinity for binding agonist ligands (EGF,IGF-I, insulin receptors) or reduced enzymatic activity (e.g., tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin or EGF receptor). In all instances, these negative modulations are associated with phosphorylation of serine and/or threonine residues of the receptor proteins. In contrast, the tyrosine kinase receptors also appear to be susceptible to positive modulation by phosphorylation. With these receptors, autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues may lead to enhanced protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors and increased receptor function. In addition, the subcellular distribution of a receptor may be regulated by its phosphorylation status (e.g., the beta-adrenergic receptor, receptors for insulin, EGF, IGF-II, and transferrin). The emerging paradigm is that receptor phosphorylation may in some way promote receptor internalization into sequestered compartments where dephosphorylation occurs. The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in translating changes in receptor phosphorylation into changes in receptor distribution remain to be elucidated. Moreover, the biological role of receptor internalization may be quite varied. Thus, in the case of the beta-adrenergic receptor, it may serve primarily as a mechanism for bringing the phosphorylated receptors into contact with intracellular phosphatases that dephosphorylate and resensitize it. By contrast, for the transferrin receptor and other receptors involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis, the internalization presumably functions to carry some specific ligand or metabolite into the cell. The role of phosphorylation in regulating receptor function dramatically extends the range of regulatory control of this important covalent modification.
The crust and the B-Skeleton: combinatorial curve reconstruction

Abstract We construct a graph on a planar point set, which captures its shape in the following sense: if a smooth curve is sampled densely enough, the graph on the samples is a polygonalization of the curve, with no extraneous edges. The required sampling density varies with the local feature size on the curve, so that areas of less detail can be sampled less densely. We give two different graphs that, in this sense, reconstruct smooth curves: a simple new construction which we call the crust , and the β-skeleton, using a specific value of β.
A { 1, 2}-ORDER THEORY FOR ELASTODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THICK ORTHOTROPIC SHELLS

Abstract A higher-order shell theory is developed for elastodynamic analysis of orthotropic shells. The theory accounts for all basic deformations including transverse shear and transverse normal strains and stresses. The theory is developed in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates in which the reference surface components of the displacement vector vary linearly through the thickness while the transverse displacement is parabolic. Transverse shear and transverse normal strains are formulated to satisfy physical traction conditions at the top and bottom shell surfaces, and are also made least-squares compatible with the corresponding strains that are derived directly from the strain-displacement relations of three-dimensional elasticity. In these variational statements of strain compatibility, transverse shear and transverse normal correction factors are introduced, and are determined from dynamic considerations in the manner originally proposed by Mindlin. Equations of motion and associated engineering (Poisson) boundary conditions are derived from a three-dimensional variational principle. An important feature of the present theory is the requirement of only simple C0 and C−1 continuity for the shell kinematic variables. This aspect makes the theory particularly attractive for the development of efficient shell finite elements suitable for general purpose finite element analysis of thick shell structures. Analytical solutions for the free vibration of isotropic and orthotropic cylindrical shells are obtained for a wide range of thickness/radius and thickness/wavelength ratios and found to be in close agreement with the exact elasticity solutions.
Expression profiling identifies strain-specific changes associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice.

Mice that exhibit characteristics of physical dependence following ethanol exposure serve as useful models of alcoholism in humans. The DBA/2 J and C57BL/6 J inbred strains differ in their behavioral response to ethanol withdrawal. Alterations in gene expression are believed to underlie neuroadaptation to ethanol dependence and tolerance. Therefore, the differences in ethanol withdrawal severity observed between the DBA/2 J and C57BL/6 J strains may be related to differential regulation of gene expression. We have used cDNA microarrays to determine the gene expression profile in the hippocampus of DBA/2 J and C57BL/6 J mice during withdrawal after chronic and acute ethanol exposure. Of the 7634 genes surveyed, approximately 2% were consistently differentially expressed by at least 1.4-fold in DBA/2 J mice during chronic ethanol withdrawal. Less than 1% of the genes showed altered expression in C57BL/6 J mice under the same conditions, or in DBA/2 J mice during acute ethanol withdrawal. Strain- and treatment-specific patterns of altered expression were observed for multiple genes associated with the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription and the mitogen activated protein kinase pathways. Genes associated with both pathways are regulated in DBA/2 J mice during chronic ethanol withdrawal, and to a lesser extent during acute ethanol withdrawal. Only those genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway exhibited changes in expression in C57BL/6 J mice during ethanol withdrawal. Furthermore, genes associated with retinoic acid-mediated signaling show differential expression exclusively in C57BL/6 J mice. These findings represent significant differences in cellular adaptation to ethanol between the DBA/2 J and C57BL/6 J strains.
Ranking appliance energy efficiency in households: Utilizing smart meter data and energy efficiency frontiers to estimate and identify the determinants of appliance energy efficiency in residential buildings

Abstract This paper offers a novel method to rank residential appliance energy efficiency utilizing energy efficiency frontiers. The method is validated using a real-world case study of 4231 buildings in Ireland. Our results show that structural factors have the largest impact on energy efficiency, followed by socioeconomic factors and behavioral factors. For example, households with high penetration of efficient lightbulbs and double-glazed windows were on average 4 and 3.5% more efficient than others. Households with the head of household having higher education are on average 1.3% more efficient than their peers. Finally, households that track their energy savings are on average 0.4% more efficient than others. Furthermore, installing heater timers, wall insulation, and living in owned residences were correlated with higher efficiency. Generally, families with kids who have full-time employment and are highly-educated are more efficient compared to families with no kids, or families with retirees or unemployed members. This result has important implications for both targeting and messaging of energy efficiency programs. Some behavioral factors demonstrated significant impact on appliance energy efficiency. For instance, households that expressed interest in making major energy-saving lifestyle changes scored higher efficiency ranks on average. Conversely, households that expressed doubt about their motivation to save energy ranked lower in efficiency. This finding validates the role of educational programs to increase awareness about energy efficiency and its importance. In short, our results show that a data-driven analysis of a population is needed to develop a balanced view of the drivers of energy efficiency, and to devise a targeted approach to improve homes’ energy efficiency.
Do antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis patients identify increased risk for liver failure

Background & Aims:: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with a variable clinical course. Identification of serologic markers associated with increased risk of liver failure would assist in management of PBC patients. The objective of this study was to identify antinuclear antibody (ANA) markers that may be used to predict PBC outcome. Methods: Indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify ANAs in 492 PBC patients. χ2 and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to examine the association between ANAs and liver failure. Results: A greater percentage of ANA-positive, compared to ANA-negative, PBC patients developed liver failure (41% vs 25%, P = .005). The presence of anti-centromere antibodies was associated with liver failure (anti-centromere antibody positive vs negative, 58% vs 33%, P = .001). The time to liver failure was shorter in ANA-positive, compared with ANA-negative, patients (log rank score 5.8, P = .02). After 8.9 years (the median follow-up for patients without liver failure), 68% of ANA-positive and 81% of ANA-negative patients were free of liver failure. Anti-centromere antibodies were also associated with a shorter time to liver failure (log rank score 8.4, P = .004). After 8.9 years, 52% of anti-centromere antibody positive and 74% of anti-centromere antibody negative patients were without liver failure. Conclusions: ANAs in general, and anti-centromere antibodies in particular, are associated with liver failure in PBC. PBC patients with ANAs may be candidates for treatment with experimental therapies to prolong the interval between diagnosis and liver failure. ANA-negative patients, who appear to have a relatively benign clinical course, should perhaps be treated with ursodeoxycholic acid alone.
Chemistry of a heptane-soluble cyclodextrin derivative

Abstract It is thought that β-cyclodextrin binds guest molecules in water because the cavity is less polar than the solvent. This communication describes a β-cyclodextrin derivative which binds guest molecules in heptane because the cavity is more polar than the solvent.
Electromagnetically induced transparency of spin ensembles in a two-dimensional electron gas

We report experimental studies of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a two-dimensional electron gas of a modulation-doped quantum well, with the aim of realizing an ideal EIT process in a solid state spin ensemble.
Infusion of NMDA into the nucleus basalis of Meynert, frontal cortex or lateral ventricle in rats: effect on memory and cholinergic brain neurochemistry.

Abstract The present study's aim was to examine the behavioral and neurochemical effects of damage limited to intrinsic neurons of the frontal cortex in rats. Specifically, it was of interest to evaluate the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced lesions of discrete frontal cortical loci on passive avoidance memory and on cortical cholinergic neurochemical markers (choline acetyltransferase-CAT and acetylcholinesterase-ACHE). The present study also compared the behavioral and neurochemical effects produced by frontal cortical damage with those effects produced by lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). Results indicated that nbM lesions and lesions to a rostral frontal cortical site produced sesevere passive avoidance memory impairments when subjects were tested 72 hours after training. Cortical, but not hippocampal, levels of CAT and ACHE were depleted in nbM animals only. These data were interpreted as providing support for the view that intrinsic frontal cortical neurons contribute to memory.
Graphs, matroids, and geometric lattices

Abstract It is shown that two triply connected graphs are isomorphic if their associated geometric lattices are isomorphic. The notion of vertex in a graph is described in terms of irreducible hyperplanes. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions are given that a lattice be isomorphic to the geometric lattice associated with a graph.
Instability and dynamic pattern in cellular networks.

Abstract Dynamic instability of reaction and transport processes in groups of intercommunicating cells can lead to pattern formation and periodic oscillations. Turing's 1952 analysis suggests a more general theory. A powerful new method for analyzing onset of instability in arbitrary networks of compartments or model cells is developed. Network structure is found to influence interaction of intracellular chemical reactions and intercellular transfers, and thereby the stability of uniform stationary states of the network. With the theory, effects of changes in network topology can be treated systematically. Several regular planar and polyhedral networks provide illustrations. Influences of boundary conditions and intercellular permeabilities on patterns of instability are illustrated in simple networks. Non-linear aspects of instability are not treated.
Oligomers of ERBB3 have two distinct interfaces that differ in their sensitivity to disruption by heregulin

ErbB receptors associate in a ligand-dependent or -independent manner, and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1) or ErbB2 results in ligand-independent activation. Ligand-independent activation is poorly understood, and dimerization alone is not sufficient for activation. ErbB receptors also form higher order oligomers, but the mechanism of oligomer formation and their contribution to signaling are not known. The kinase-deficient ErbB3 as well as its extracellular domains are particularly prone to ligand-independent oligomerization, and oligomers are destabilized by binding of the ligand heregulin. In contrast, ligand binding facilitates heterodimerization with ErbB2 and is expected to stabilize an extended conformation of the ErbB3 extracellular domain (ECD) in which the dimerization interface is exposed. In the absence of ligand, ErbB3 can adopt a closed conformation that is held together by an intramolecular tether. We used a constitutively extended form of the ErbB3-ECD to analyze the conformation of the ECD in oligomers and the mechanism of oligomer disruption by heregulin. The extended conformation of the ECD forms oligomers more readily, suggesting the crystallographically defined dimer interface is one of the interfaces involved in oligomerization. Heregulin destabilizes oligomeric complexes but not dimers, which are neither stabilized nor disrupted by ligand binding, indicating a distinct second interface in oligomers of ErbB3. Cross-linking and activation studies on membrane-embedded ErbB3/ErbB2 chimeras confirm this dual effect of heregulin. Most of the ErbB3-ECD on the cell surface is apparently kept in an open conformation through oligomerization, and the resulting oligomers adopt a conformation representing a state of reduced activity.
Mobility label based network: Mobility support in label switched networks with multi-protocol BGP

To support mobility the network control plane is required to detect changes in the mobile node's location and distribute the new location information throughout the network thus enabling the forwarding plane to deliver traffic in an optimal manner. The network responsiveness to the mobile node movements can be generally thought of as the time elapsed between the moment the node's location in the network has changed and the moment the reception of packets in the new location has resumed. This paper outlines an approach to handling the user mobility at the network layer in the context of multi-protocol label switched networks (MPLS). This new approach does not rely on the existing IP mobility management protocols such as Mobile IP and is instead based on the combination of multi-protocol BGP (MP-BGP) and MPLS. This paper proposes to introduce new protocol elements to MP-BGP to achieve mobility label distribution at the network control plane and the optimal packet delivery to the mobile node by the network forwarding plane using MPLS regardless of the IP protocol addressing and the associated logical network topology.
Lunar temperature measurements at 3200 Mc/s

Abstract The measured effective black-body temperature at the lunar equator is 220 °K, with an estimated probable error of 5 per cent. No variation with lunar phase was detected; if present, and obscured by the random scatter of the observations, it is less than 5 per cent at this frequency.
The risk of serious complications from induced abortion: do personal characteristics make a difference?

Abstract We examined the age, gestational age, parity, race, and number of previous spontaneous and induced abortions of 82,030 women who obtained abortions at ≤24 weeks' gestation. Among these women, 342 (0.4%) had serious complications, including 130 (0.2%) with fever ≥38° C for 3 or more days, 172 (0.2%) who required transfusions, 67 (0.1%) who required unintended surgery, and three who died. Factors significantly (p 12 weeks, and ≥1 previous delivery (relative risk = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.75) for all gestational ages. Although Hispanic women had higher rates of complications compared with white women, data were not available to control for socioeconomic status in comparing race groups. There was no significant association between previous spontaneous abortions and serious complications. Risk patterns were similar, but not identical, when fever, operation, and transfusion were considered separately.
Synthesis of position-specific tritium-labeled 20(S)-camptothecin, 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, and 10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin

The synthesis is given for three ring A tritiated camptothecin (CPT) analogs as biological probes in the study of the parent compounds which are of current widespread interest as potent anticancer agents. The strategy of catalytic tritolysis of aryl halide bonds was employed, and thus the preparations of the requisite precursors 9-chloro-20(S)-CPT (9), 9-amino-10,12-dibromo-20(S)-CPT (14), and 9-chloro-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT (18) are given; catalytic tritiation of these respective precursors under polar, alkaline solvent conditions using palladium/carbon provides smooth conversion to [9-3H]-20(S)-CPT (10), 9-amino-[10,12-3H]-20(S)-CPT (15), and [9-3H]-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-CPT (19).
The Opportunity Costs of Public Investment

external effects render an atomistic capital market inadequate for registering the time preferences of individuals. It followed that market-determined rates of investment and interest, even rates determined in a competitive market, need have no normative significance, and that the optimal level of investment for an economy is the level at which the marginal productivity of investment equals the marginal social rate of discount incorporating external effects, rather than the level at which the marginal productivity equals the market rate of discount determined by unilateral investment and saving decisions. The earlier essay concluded by pointing out that if the marginal social rate of discount is lower than the market rate for the operation of a laissez-faire market,2 then the impact of this result in a frictionless competitive model is that the community in its collective, political capacity properly sees to it - directly or indirectly - that some investment opportunities are exploited that have future returns too low to justify development by private individuals. There are two ways of carrying out this injunction. The government can directly undertake public investment until further investment becomes marginal from the collective as well as unilateral point of view. Alternatively, the government can employ fiscal and monetary policy to induce private enterprise to exploit all opportunities
Contents of biologically active polyamines in chicken meat, liver, heart and skin after slaughter and their changes during meat storage and cooking.

Abstract Dietary polyamines, putrescine, spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM), participate in an array of important physiological roles, including tumour growth. Thus, reliable information on polyamine content in foods has been needed. We therefore determined polyamine contents in chilled chicken meat and giblets ( n = 20) and skin ( n = 10) 24 h after slaughter. The polyamines were determined, after extraction with perchloric acid, as dansyl derivatives, using an HPLC method. Mean SPD values were 4.8, 10.2, 11.4, 48.7 and 12.1 mg kg −1 and SPM values were 36.8, 38.0, 24.3, 133 and 82.7 mg kg −1 in breast, thigh, skin, liver and heart, respectively. Significant statistical correlations between SPD and SPM contents were observed in breast, thigh, skin and liver, whereas correlations were insignificant in heart. An increase of SPD and SPM was apparent in breasts and thighs stored at −18 °C for 6 months; however, it was significant only for SPM in thighs. The losses of both SPD and SPM were statistically insignificant during storage of aerobically packaged breasts up to 9 days at +2 °C. A significant decrease of SPM to about 60% of the initial contents was observed in both vacuum-packaged and in modified atmosphere (20% CO 2 and 80% O 2 )-stored breasts on day 21 at +2 °C. For both SPD and SPM, roasting, grilling and frying of fresh breasts caused losses of about 40–60% of the initial contents (higher than boiling and stewing). Similarly, losses of SPM, due to roasting of breasts frozen for 3 or 6 months, were higher than those caused by stewing. Putrescine was detected only sporadically and at levels close to the detection limit of 1.0 mg kg −1 (fresh matter).
Activation of rectus capitis posterior major muscles during voluntary retraction of the head in asymptomatic subjects.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess levels of electromyographic activity measured from rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM) muscles of asymptomatic subjects as their heads moved from a self-defined neutral position to a retracted position. Methods A 2 × 2 within-subjects factorial research design was used. Disposable, intramuscular electrodes were used to collect electromyographic data from asymptomatic subjects between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. Data analysis was performed using mixed effects β regression models. Results Activation of RCPM muscles was found to significantly increase ( P Conclusions The findings from this study showed that RCPM muscle activation significantly increases during voluntary retraction of the head.
Tolerance to fumonisin toxicity in a mouse strain lacking the P75 tumor necrosis factor receptor.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a potent mycotoxin prevalent in corn and cereals, causes a variety of toxic effects in different mammalian species. The biochemical responses of FB1 involve inhibition of ceramide synthase leading to accumulation of free sphingoid bases and a possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). To further characterize the role of TNFα, toxic response to FB1 was investigated in male C57BL/6J mice (WT) and a corresponding TNFα receptor knockout (TRK) strain, genetically modified to lack the TNFα1b receptor. The hepatotoxic effects of 5 daily injections of 2.25 mg/kg per day of FB1 were observed in WT but were reduced in TRK, evidenced by circulating alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and histopathological evaluation of the tissue. FB1 induced TNFα expression in the livers of both WT and TRK mice to a similar extent (3–4 fold over control); however, a corresponding increase of cellular NFκB, expected after the downstream cellular signaling of TNFα, was noted only in the WT. Accumulation of liver sphingosine after FB1 treatment was similar in both WT and TRK, but the FB1-induced increases in liver sphinganine and kidney sphingosine and sphinganine were lower in TRK than in WT. Results emphasized the role of TNFα in FB1-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and the possible relationship of sphingoid base accumulation and TNFα induction. Moreover, the presence of TNFα receptor 1b appears to be important in mediating the hepatotoxic responses of TNFα and FB1 in mice.
Hubble Space Telescope: mission, history, and systems

Evolution of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), an astronomical observatory orbiting the earth 380 miles above its surface is considered. The equipment onboard this satellite includes a telescope with a 96 inch primary mirror ground, a wide field and planetary camera, a faint object spectrograph, a Goddard high-resolution spectrograph, a high-speed photometer, and a faint object camera.
Mucinous differentiation does not impact stage or risk of recurrence among patients with grade 1, endometrioid type, endometrial carcinoma

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether the presence of mucinous differentiation influences histopathologic findings, stage distribution, or rate of recurrence among women with grade 1, endometrioid type, endometrial carcinoma. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with grade 1, endometrioid type, endometrial carcinoma between January 2005 and December 2012. Patients were separated by the presence or absence of mucinous differentiation and then compared. Results Of 655 patients, mucinous differentiation was present in 137 (20.9%) and absent in 518 (79.1%) patients. Compared to the group without mucinous differentiation, the group containing mucinous differentiation was older at diagnosis (mean: 61.1 vs. 58.5years, OR, 95% CI; 1.03, 1.01–1.05) and more likely to have myometrial invasion (61.3% vs. 51.5%, OR, 95% CI; 1.49, 1.01–2.19). Additional histopathologic findings including: tumor size, cervical stromal invasion, adnexal involvement, LVI and/or the presence of positive lymph nodes were similar between groups. Mucinous differentiation did not affect stage distribution, as most patients were stage 1A (85.4% vs. 86.3%). The median PFS for the entire group has yet to be reached. The mean PFS for the entire study sample was 94.7months. There was no difference in mean PFS when comparing the group with mucinous differentiation to the group without mucinous differentiation (98 vs. 93.4months, p =0.07). Conclusions In the setting of grade 1, endometrioid type, endometrial carcinoma, mucinous differentiation is more common in older patients and is associated with an increased likelihood of myometrial invasion. However, stage distribution and risk of recurrence are not affected.
Non-Arithmetic Uniformization of Some Real Moduli Spaces

Some real moduli spaces can be presented as real hyperbolic space modulo a non-arithmetic group. The whole moduli space is made from some incommensurable arithmetic pieces, in the spirit of the construction of Gromov and Piatetski-Shapiro.
Self-interstitials as basic structural units of liquids and glasses

Abstract A recently given interstitialcy model for simple condensed matter states is tested by comparing predicitions of the model with available evidence for (1) the structure as given by the radial distribution function, (2) the dynamics of glasses found for the generalized vibrational density of states from inelastic neutron scattering measurements, and thermodynamic properties in the crystalline, glassy and liquid states given by (3) lattice parameter measurement determination of the thermal equilibrium concentration of interstitials in the crystalline stage, (4) the ratio of Young's modulus to volume changes during relaxation in the glassy state, and (5) the magnitude and temperature dependence of the specific heat in the liquid state. The structure, dynamics and thermodynamic properties are accounted for easily, simply and naturally in a quantitative, comprehensive and unified way by the interstitalcy model.
UV overprint varnishes

UV curing is a subject that has evoked considerable discussion over the years and the pros and cons have been well aired. The technique is not for everyone, but many printers have recognised the benefits and made significant investments. As a result, UV is no longer looked upon as new technology but has become accepted as part of the printing industry. The use of UV overprint varnishes is a particular sector of the market that has enjoyed a steady growth of interest.
A cytokine axis regulates elastin formation and degradation.

Underlying the dynamic regulation of tropoelastin expression and elastin formation in development and disease are transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that have been the focus of much research. Of particular importance is the cytokine–governed elastin regulatory axis in which the pro-elastogenic activities of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are opposed by anti-elastogenic activities of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), EGF, PDGF-BB, TGFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and noncanonical TGFβ1 signaling. A key mechanistic feature of the regulatory axis is that cytokines influence elastin formation through effects on the cell cycle involving control of cyclin–cyclin dependent kinase complexes and activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In this article we provide an overview of the major cytokines/growth factors that modulate elastogenesis and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms for their action on elastin production.
Electronic energy migration on different time scales: concentration dependence of the time-resolved anisotropy and fluorescence quenching of Lumogen Red in poly(methyl methacrylate).

Electronic energy transfer plays an important role in many types of organic electronic devices. Forster-type theories of exciton diffusion provide a way to calculate diffusion constants and lengths, but their applicability to amorphous polymer systems must be evaluated. In this paper, the perylenediimide dye Lumogen Red in a poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrix is used to test theories of exciton motion over Lumogen Red concentrations (CLR’s) ranging from 1 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−2 M. Two experimental quantities are measured. First, time-resolved anisotropy decays in films containing only Lumogen Red provide an estimate of the initial energy transfer rate from the photoexcited molecule. Second, the Lumogen Red lifetime decays in mixed systems where the dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine 700 act as energy acceptors are measured to estimate the diffusive quenching of the exciton. From the anisotropy measurements, it is found that theory accurately predicts both the CLR−2 concentration dependence of the polarizat...
TRANSPLANTATION IN MASS OF THE KIDNEYS

Among so many etiological factors, it is impossible to discriminate which are responsible for the complications which took place in our experiments. An attempt to explain the occurrence of nephritis, cedema or calcification of the arterial system, for instance, will not be made, but the technique of the operations will be modified in order to suppress as much as possible the causes which may originate these secondary changes. The purpose of this article was not to analyze minutely the physiological or pathological character of the functions of transplanted kidneys, but merely to ascertain whether these functions are efficiently reestablished. It is to be concluded that an animal which has undergone a double nephrectomy and the grafting of both kidneys from another animal can secrete almost normal urine with his new organs, and live in good health at least for a few weeks. This demonstrates that it is possible to reestablish efficiently the functions of transplanted kidneys.
Audiometric Configuration and Prediction of Threshold for Spondees

The effects of audiometric configuration on the relationships between thresholds for spondees and for octave frequencies from 250 through 4000 Hz were ascertained for six groups of patients classif...
COLOR-SPECIFICITY TO ENHANCE IDENTIFICATION OF REAR LIGHTS

30 male and 13 female licensed drivers were given a static reaction-time test for Donders Type B reactions to the onset of automotive rear lights. The lights were displayed as by conventional systems and by a new color-specific method referred to as the "Red Light Means Stop approach." When subjects were instructed to regard all red colored light as brake-signal light, both incidence of identification error and reaction time decreased. Results support the hypothesis that addition of color specificity to rear lighting might prevent some rear-end collisions which occur under adverse driving circumstances. Language: en
Comparative Whole-Genome Hybridization Reveals Genomic Islands in Brucella Species

Brucella species are responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease causing abortion in domestic animals and Malta fever in humans. Based on host preference, the genus is divided into six species. Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis are pathogenic to humans, whereas B. ovis and B. neotomae are nonpathogenic to humans and B. canis human infections are rare. Limited genome diversity exists among Brucella species. Comparison of Brucella species whole genomes is, therefore, likely to identify factors responsible for differences in host preference and virulence restriction. To facilitate such studies, we used the complete genome sequence of B. melitensis 16M, the species highly pathogenic to humans, to construct a genomic microarray. Hybridization of labeled genomic DNA from Brucella species to this microarray revealed a total of 217 open reading frames (ORFs) altered in five Brucella species analyzed. These ORFs are often found in clusters (islands) in the 16M genome. Examination of the genomic context of these islands suggests that many are horizontally acquired. Deletions of genetic content identified in Brucella species are conserved in multiple strains of the same species, and genomic islands missing in a given species are often restricted to that particular species. These findings suggest that, whereas the loss or gain of genetic material may be related to the host range and virulence restriction of certain Brucella species for humans, independent mechanisms involving gene inactivation or altered expression of virulence determinants may also contribute to these differences.
On the theory of light scattering from fluids and polymers

Abstract We present a simple quantum mechanical derivation of the theory of light scattering from fluids and polymers. All multiple scattering effects are obtained.
Mutation of crp mediates Serratia marcescens serralysin and global secreted protein production

The bacterial species Serratia marcescens secretes both beneficial and cytotoxic proteins. Here we report that a crp mutant exhibited elevated secreted protease activity. A genetic screen revealed that the gene coding for the metalloprotease serralysin was necessary for the elevated proteolysis, and this was confirmed by western blot analysis. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins corroborated increased secretion of serralysin protease by crp mutants compared to the wild type. The crp-mutant-secreted fractions also contained less chitinase and chitin binding protein. These data support the hypothesis that cAMP-CRP is an upstream indirect regulator of serralysin production and they provide novel insight into the S. marcescens secretome.
Venous return in hemorrhagic shock after application of Military Anti-Shock Trousers

Abstract The effect of Military Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST) on inferior vena cava blood flow was studied during graded hypovolemia using a pump reservoir system and an in-line electromagnetic flowprobe. During hemorrhagic shock MAST inflation increased cardiac output 25.4% (Control: 0.92 ± 0.09 l/min) and arterial pressure 50% (Control: 60 ± 2 mmHg). The socalled “autotransfusion” effect due to blood displacement from the lower part of the body into the central circulation was found to be only 4.3 ± 0.6 ml/kg, a volume much less than previously estimated in the literature. We conclude that MAST inflation reliably improves cardiac output and systemic blood pressure above the diaphragm in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. This effect is mainly due to a diversion of the cardiac output to the upper half of the body due to impedance of flow to the abdomen and lower extremities, rather than to a significant volume shift constituting an autotransfusion of blood from the lower part of the body.
Interpreting the Intentions of Internet Predators: An Examination of Online Predatory Behavior

Internet predators are finding new ways to prey on the vulnerabilities of youth in chat rooms and lure them into sexual activities. This study will examine three chat room transcripts between adult predators and adult volunteers of the group “Perverted Justice” posing as youth. These conversations will be analyzed to interpret the underlying meanings behind the words and actions of the predators and how they affect potential victims. The purpose of this article is to provide insight to the reader of the increased amount of child sexual abuse on the Internet, the often-blatant tactics used by online predators to pursue this abuse, and how they are continuing to successfully manipulate children with them.
Increased susceptibility to kidney injury by transfer of genomic segment from SHR onto Dahl S genetic background.

The Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat is a widely studied model of salt-sensitive hypertension and develops proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal interstitial fibrosis. An earlier genetic analysis u...
Behaviorally disordered peers as contingency manager

Behaviorally disordered children in a residential camping program were trained to manage various aspects of behavior modification interventions involving their peers. Peer management was successful in changing the target behavior of the protege in eight of nine cases. These results have important implications for applying behavior therapy programs through peer groups instead of relying solely upon adult-dominated interventions.
Conflict between Intrinsic Leaf Asymmetry and Phyllotaxis in the Resupinate Leaves of Alstroemeria psittacina.

Spiral phyllotactic patterning is the result of intricate auxin transport relationships in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that act to place auxin maxima at the future sites of leaf initiation. Inherent to this process is a bias in auxin distribution in leaf primordia, such that increased auxin is found on the descending side of the leaf (towards the older neighbor) compared to the ascending side (towards the younger neighbor), creating phyllotactically-dependent leaf asymmetry. Separate from phyllotactic-dependent asymmetry is handedness in plants—that is, genetically encoded, fixed chirality, such as the twining of certain vines and the torsions induced by microtubule mutations. Here, we perform a morphometric analysis on the resupinate leaves of Alstroemeria psittacina. Interestingly, the twist in leaves always occurs in a single direction, regardless of the phyllotactic direction of the plant. Because of the resupination, leaves in this species possess an inherent handedness. However, this asymmetry is modulated in a phyllotactic-dependent manner, consistent with the known developmental constraints of phyllotaxis upon leaf morphology. This creates the interesting circumstance in A. psittacina that leaves arising from plants with a counter-clockwise phyllotactic direction are 1) more asymmetric, 2) larger, and 3) possess symmetrical shape differences relative to leaves from plants with clockwise phyllotaxis. The mechanism underlying these differences likely involves a developmental delay in clockwise leaves caused by the conflict between the phyllotaxis-dependent asymmetry and asymmetry resulting from resupination. The evolutionary implications of a dimorphic population without a genetic basis for selection to act upon are discussed.