cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual-Earner Marriages: The Family Social Environment and Dyadic Adjustment

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in dyadic adjustment and the family social environment among four groups formed on the basis of different patterns of husband-wife occupational commitment. The sample consisted of 92 working couples with at least one child under the age of 18. Using multivariate analysis of covariance and controlling for family life cycle variables, groups that were formed on the basis of husband-wife patterns of commitment to work differed on the composite of dependent variables (dyadic adjustment and the family social environment). Differing emphasis in the family environment on achievement of family members and on family system organization were important contributors to overall differences among groups. The group in which both husband and wife scored high on occupational commitment, the dual-career couples, placed greater emphasis on both achievement and organization than did the other three groups. Differentiating dual-career from dual-work marriages by measuring c...
Prevention of HIV infection through changes in sexual behavior.

Ample evidence exists that behavioral interventions reduce high risk sexual behaviors and promote safer practices. Downstream interventions in settings attracting high risk patients work well, especially with infected persons to avert new infections. Preparing health care workers for intensive, skills-based interventions grounded in behavioral science theory would enhance primary prevention. Midstream interventions have reliably reduced risk in primary care and community settings. Adoption of comprehensive skills-based programs in schools is controversial but likely to improve outcomes. Upstream community approaches have slowed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men having sex with men. Upstream policy interventions remain underutilized in the U.S. but have been successful internationally. Needed are a national HIV prevention strategy and research linking behavior change to reduced HIV seroprevalence.
Chitosan dressing provides hemostasis in swine femoral arterial injury model.

Objective. Chitosan dressings have been shown to be effective in improving survival of severe parenchymal injuries in an animal model andin treating prehospital combat casualties. Our goal was to t...
Tissue-engineering strategies for the tendon/ligament-to-bone insertion

Injuries to connective tissues are painful and disabling and result in costly medical expenses. These injuries often require reattachment of an unmineralized connective tissue to bone. The uninjured tendon/ligament-to-bone insertion (enthesis) is a functionally graded material that exhibits a gradual transition from soft tissue (i.e., tendon or ligament) to hard tissue (i.e., mineralized bone) through a fibrocartilaginous transition region. This transition is believed to facilitate force transmission between the two dissimilar tissues by ameliorating potentially damaging interfacial stress concentrations. The transition region is impaired or lost upon tendon/ligament injury and is not regenerated following surgical repair or natural healing, exposing the tissue to risk of reinjury. The need to regenerate a robust tendon-to-bone insertion has led a number of tissue engineering repair strategies. This review treats the tendon-to-bone insertion site as a tissue structure whose primary role is mechanical and discusses current and emerging strategies for engineering the tendon/ligament-to-bone insertion in this context. The focus lies on strategies for producing mechanical structures that can guide and subsequently sustain a graded tissue structure and the associated cell populations.
National Vitamin A Supplementation Coverage Survey among 6–59 Months Old Children in Guinea (West Africa)

Background Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major contributor to child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustained control of VAD is essential to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for reduction of child mortality in Guinea. Since, twice yearly vitamin A supplementation (VAS), either coupled with National Immunization Days or stand-alone has been adopted as a key strategy to combat VAD in 6-59 months old children. Objectives The objectives of this survey were to describe national VAS coverage rates and related factors affecting VAS coverage among 6-59 months old Guinean children. Methods In July 2003, a VAS coverage survey was implemented in Guinea. A cross-sectional random cluster survey was conducted to select Guinean children (n = 1950, 390 mother-child pairs per zone) aged 6-59 months. The country was divided into four agro-ecological zones with 30 clusters chosen per zone. Within each cluster, a random selection of 13 households with at least one child was carried out with random selection of one child per household. Data on characteristics of children, receipt of VAS, caregivers' socio-economic characteristics, vitamin A knowledge and practices of caregivers were collected by questionnaire. Results The national coverage rate of 68% is much lower than the official coverage rate of 93%. Middle Guinea, the region most affected by VAD, had the lowest coverage rate (58%). Conclusion In order to increase overall VAS coverage and reduce regional disparities, it is suggested that mass VAS be organized on a regional level, prioritizing rural regions (Middle and Upper Guinea) and the city of Conakry.
Photochemical Energy Conversion by a Thiazine Photosynthetic-Photoelectrochemical Cell

A thiazine photoelectrochemical cell has been developed involving thiazine photo-reduction using EDTA as the electron donor together with photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts to generate electricity with a higher power conversion efficiency than for thiazine-EDTA alone. Thionine and methylene blue have been shown to be electron acceptors of Photosystem I. The cell employed had a high ratio of the area of chloroplast-impregnated membrane compared to the volume of thiazine solution. This emphasised the photosynthetic contribution. An open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 415 mV, a maximum power density (Pa) of 4.15 mW cm-2, a short circuit current density (Isc) of 50 mA cm-2 and a power conversion efficiency (Sp) of 0.145% were observed using thionine as the electron acceptor compared to a Voc of 383 mV, a Pd of 3.0 mW cm-2, and Isc of 43.0 mA cm-2 and an p of 0.095% when methylene blue was used as the electron acceptor. These results show that the thiazine photogalvanic cell can be combined with the chloroplast solar battery in order to increase the power conversion efficiency of the system.
Multi-Link Multi-Contact Force Control for Manipulators

This paper presents a compliant motion control framework for multiple contacts distributed over multiple links. The one link multi-contact control approach implemented in our previous work has been extended to contacts over multiple links. Experimental results demonstrate three point contact control on two links of a PUMA560 manipulator. A robust force control design is implemented with a Kalman estimator and full state feedback method to compensate for the modeling errors of the manipulator and environment.
Four-year experience with a regional program providing simulation-based endovascular training for vascular surgery fellows.

Purpose High-fidelity procedure simulation has been found useful for training vascular surgery residents in endovascular procedures, but the costs of acquiring, maintaining, and operating simulators represent a barrier to routine use of endovascular simulation in vascular surgery programs. Providing simulation training opportunities through regional centers may make simulation more cost effective, but the costs and benefits of this approach have not been reported previously. We reviewed participation costs in a regional simulation program to provide a benchmark for comparison with other training options. Methods Simulation-based training was offered annually from 2004 to 2007 to the 11 vascular surgery fellowships in Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, and Utah. Participation was at the discretion of the program directors and fellows. Sessions were designed to offer individualized, hands-on training with 2-4 participants per 2-day session. SimSuite (Medical Simulation Corporation, Denver, Colorado) simulators were used. Results During the 4-year period, participation by invited programs averaged 75%. Ten of 11 programs in the western United States region participated, with 34 fellows participating during the 4 years of the program. In addition, 2 program directors or faculty attended sessions to participate as learners, and 8 other individuals were allowed to participate (including 7 senior surgery residents and 1 vascular surgery fellow from out of the region). The average participant costs for travel, which include transportation, lodging, and meals, were $571. Simulation facility expenses, which included use of the simulator, computer-based training modules, and instructional support by an educational specialist, averaged $1055 per participant. Surgical faculty spent 12 hours per 2-day session instructing and in other direct educational activities. Costs for this time were not calculated separately. Conclusions Vascular surgery fellows' participation in simulation training at regional centers offers program directors a lower cost alternative for providing high-fidelity simulation training, compared with acquiring and operating an endovascular procedure simulator at their individual institutions.
Processor Verification with hwBugHunt

Functional verification of modern processors and complex ASIC designs is a challenging task. Verification is frequently more complex than the design itself. The time required to find the exact source of an error in complex designs represents a significant part of the verification process. Most test suites only report the existence of a bug, but are unable to ultimately discover the line of HDL code where the bug is located. Designing new tools and techniques that reduce these overheads is very important to keep the verification costs under control. This paper proposes a novel HDL error-discovery tool (hwBugHunt) to pinpoint the line of code where a bug is located. hwBugHunt works by instrumenting Verilog code and gathering statistics during the execution of various test benches. The proposed infrastructure is tested on an Alpha-like 21264 Verilog implementation. Our evaluation shows that hwBugHunt pinpoints 62% of the bugs introduced on IVM, and it does so with a low overhead and high accuracy.
Global critical path: a tool for system-level timing analysis

An effective method for focusing optimization effort on the most important parts of a design is to examine those elements on the critical path. Traditionally, the critical path is defined at the RTL level, as the longest path in the combinational logic between clocked registers. In this paper, we present a system-level timing analysis technique to define the concept of a global critical path (GCP), for predicting system-level performance. We show how the GCP can be used as a theoretical and practical tool for understanding, summarizing and optimizing the behavior of highly concurrent self-timed circuits. We formally define the GCP and show how it can be constructed using a discrete event model and hardware profiling techniques. The GCP provides valuable insight into the control-path behavior of circuits and in finding system-level bottlenecks. We have incorporated the GCP construction and analysis framework into a high-level synthesis and simulation toolchain, thus enabling complete automation in modeling, analysis and optimization.
Characterization of a 5-methyltryptophan resistant strain of Catharanthus roseus cultured cells

Abstract Strains of Catharanthus roseus suspension cells resistant to growth inhibition by various tryptophan analogs were selected. Tryptophan synthetase and anthranilate synthetase from the resistant cells differed from the normal cell enzymes by being more resistant to feedback inhibition by tryptophan. Though these altered enzymes allowed the free tryptophan level of the resistant cells to be 3–40 times higher than that of normal cells, the accumulation of tryptamine or ajmalicine could not be detected in the resistant cells.
Guideline-based decision support has a small, non-sustained effect on transthoracic echocardiography ordering frequency

Background Guidance for appropriate utilisation of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) can be incorporated into ordering prompts, potentially affecting the number of requests. Methods We incorporated data from the 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography, the 2010 National Institute for Clinical Excellence Guideline on Chronic Heart Failure, and American College of Cardiology Choosing Wisely list on TTE use for dyspnoea, oedema and valvular disease into electronic ordering systems at Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Our primary outcome was TTE orders per month. Secondary outcomes included rates of outpatient TTE ordering per 100 visits and frequency of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ordering prior to TTE. Outcomes were measured for 20 months before and 12 months after the intervention. Results The number of TTEs ordered did not decrease (338±32 TTEs/month prior vs 320±33 afterwards, p=0.12). Rates of outpatient TTE ordering decreased minimally post intervention (2.28 per 100 primary care/cardiology visits prior vs 1.99 afterwards, p Conclusions Ordering prompts for TTEs initially minimally reduced the number of TTEs ordered and increased BNP measurement at a single institution, but the effect on TTEs ordered was likely insignificant from a utilisation standpoint and decayed over time.
Decoding Running Key Ciphers

There has been recent interest in the problem of decoding letter substitution ciphers using techniques inspired by natural language processing. We consider a different type of classical encoding scheme known as the running key cipher, and propose a search solution using Gibbs sampling with a word language model. We evaluate our method on synthetic cipher-texts of different lengths, and find that it outperforms previous work that employs Viterbi decoding with character-based models.
Gender and social protection in the developing world: beyond mothers and safety nets, by Rebecca Holmes and Nicola Jones

This book is a timely inquiry into the degree and scope of gender mainstreaming within social protection policy design and implementation. Social protection has emerged as a highly relevant issue i...
Benefits of Error in Criminal Justice

William Blackstone wrote, "[B]etter that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent suffer." The principle underlying this maxim — that false acquittals are preferred to false convictions — is central to our criminal justice system. Indeed, it is the basis for many procedural rules, including the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard of proof. In recent years scholars have offered consequentialist justifications and criticisms for the so-called Blackstone principle, but both sides of the argument have operated from a static perspective, which holds too many of the variables of the criminal justice system constant when weighing two very different types of harm and assumes that the Blackstone principle benefits defendants. Recently, however, a new strand of scholarship has emerged. Daniel Epps has offered a first attempt at comprehensive consequentialist analysis of the Blackstone principle from a so-called "dynamic" perspective. This perspective considers indirect costs such as the effects fewer convictions might have on crime, social meaning, voter attitudes, and law-enforcement behavior. After cataloging these effects, Epps makes two claims: (1) the Blackstone principle does not significantly benefit defendants; and (2) the Blackstone principle reinforces troubling political pathologies that distort policy. This Note offers a first response to the dynamic critique. The move to a dynamic a framework is welcome, but the analysis needs to be refined. Although Epps purports to offer complete analysis, he does not adequately account for the important roles played by various actors in the criminal justice system. Indeed, he relies on questionable assumptions about police officers, prosecutors, legislatures, and citizens. This Note presses on these assumptions in defense of the Blackstone principle. It then introduces an affirmative reason to prefer the Blackstonian world, arguing that the Blackstone principle benefits defendants insofar as it promotes equality. Ultimately, the Note attempts to shore up the proposition that the Blackstone principle significantly benefits innocent defendants.
A Case Study of Rapid Cyclogenesis over Canada. Part II: Simulations

Abstract Short-range (36 and 48 h) simulations of a rapid cyclogenesis that occurred over Canada in the spring season are made using a significantly modified version of the hydrostatic, sigma-coordinate, quasi-Lagrangian grid model developed by Mathur. The modifications include the adaptations of a recent variant Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme, a revised computation of the horizontal pressure gradient force, and a high-resolution planetary boundary layer parameterization. Analyzed data are used as an initial field, and to specify the values at the lateral boundaries of the model during integration as well as to verify the results of simulations. The model has several versions in the combinations of dry or moist physics, two different vertical resolutions (18 and 9 layers), and three different horizontal grid spacings (180, 90 and 45 km). The event was diagnostically analyzed in Part I of Ogura and Juang and represents a unique case of two coexisting mesoα-scale surface lows that developed through dif...
Is Macroeconomics for Real

L'A. s'oppose a l'idee d'un programme de refondation microeconomique de l'economie et defend le realisme ontologique de la macroeconomie a partir des travaux de U. Maki. L'A. montre que l'ensemble macroeconomique existe de facon externe, c'est-a-dire independamment des individus, et de facon objective, c'est-a-dire sans recours a des representations de la theorie macroeconomique
Elimination Kinetics of Domoic Acid from the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of the Pregnant Rat

Domoic acid (DA) causes neurological effects in multiple species upon exposure, including status epilepticus in pregnant sea lions and an epileptic disease state that commonly develops in juveniles. This study aims to define brain toxicokinetic parameters in the pregnant rat in the larger context of maternal-fetal toxin transfer. Specifically, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a low observable effect level of 1.0 mg DA/kg intravenously at gestational day 20, and plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken at discrete time points over 24 h. Domoic acid concentrations were determined by a tandem LC/MS method recently optimized for brain tissue and CSF. Data showed that 6.6% of plasma DA reached the brain, 5.3% reached the CSF, and DA levels were nearly identical in both brain and CSF for 12 h, remaining above the threshold to activate isolated hippocampal neurons for 2 h. The calculated terminal half-life of CSF was 4 h, consistent with the time for complete CSF regeneration, suggesting that CSF acts as a mechanism to clear DA from the brain.
Chapter 11: Special Cases

This chapter in The Handbook of Human Rights Investigation considers several specific types of cases, e.g., crimes of sexual violence.
Reproducibility will only come with data liberation.

Improvements in human health—made possible by, for example, innovative new medicines—are highly dependent on an ecosystem in which academic laboratories publish provocative proof-of-concept studies and in which industrial scientists use these studies to develop therapeutic drugs and test them in
Retrospect and Prospect in Educational Psychology

Change is supposedly the essence of progress. If it is indeed true that change represents progress then one can say of educational psychology that the past 50 years, the span of my time in the field, has brought much progress. Yet, one wonders. Change there has been, but has it represented progress? Of course, it is a matter of point of view and against point of view it is vain to argue. We all tend to have some feeling, however vigorously we may deny it, that our own times were the best of times and that new ways and interests, although perhaps of some value, still leave much to be desired.
Using Ontologies to Develop and Test a Certification and Inspection Data Infrastructure Building Block

Global markets for information-intensive products contain sharp information asymmetries that lead to market inefficiencies resulting from consumer purchasing decisions that are based on incomplete information. Elimination or reduction of such information asymmetries has long been the goal of governments as well as various nongovernmental entities that recognize that addressing issues such as sustainable production, socially just labor practices, and reduction in energy needs and health expenditure is closely linked to consumers being fully aware of the economic, environmental, and social impacts of their purchasing decisions. This chapter reports on the creation of ontology-enabled interoperable data infrastructure based on semantic technologies that would enable information sharing in traditionally information-restricted markets. The main technical result is a proof-of-concept set of data standards built on semantic technology applications and the functionalities of formal ontology of certification and inspection processes. The current proof of concept focuses specifically on certified fair-trade coffee, and while its applicability is currently limited, it has the potential to become universally applicable to any certification and inspection process for any product and service. In addition to producing a number of artifacts relevant to the expandability of the work, such as domain ontologies, the research indicates that while big data systems are necessary, they are not sufficient to create high levels of consumer trust. By testing the criteria using both hand-generated and automated queries, we are able to demonstrate that CIDIBB (Certification and Inspection Data Infrastructure Building Block) is not only able to test the trustworthiness of certification schemes but also that our ontology generates consistent results.
Job Involvement of Non-Managerial level Employees: Evidence from Ceylon Electricity Board, Sri Lanka

The study aims to identify the level of job involvement of non- managerial employees working at the Ceylon Electricity Board in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. A total of 100 questionnaires were issued to such employees but only 92 were answered and made available for analysis. As per analysis, it was found that there was a moderate level of job involvement among non- managerial employees. Thus the findings provide more insight into the ways for increasing the job involvement at the workplace. Future researches may look in to subject with different constructs and in various contexts.
On the distribution of αpγ + β modulo one

Abstract Let ‖ ⋅ ‖ denote the minimum distance to an integer. For 0 γ 1 , θ > 0 and ( α , β ) ∈ R ∖ { 0 } × R we study when ‖ α p γ + β ‖ p − θ , holds for infinitely many primes p of a special type. In particular, we consider when this inequality holds for primes p such that p + 2 has few prime factors counted with multiplicity. This is done using an exponential sum estimate of the author and the linear sieve of Iwaniec with bilinear error term. This is related to recent work of Tolev, Todorova, Matomaki and Cai.
Identification of Pesticide Transformation Products in Food Applying High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the structural identification of pesticide metabolites in plants in a controlled greenhouse study. The three pesticides studied were imidacloprid, imazalil, and propiconazole. The pesticides were added to soil to evaluate the intake and transformation in onions and lettuce. The identification of metabolites is a difficult task to achieve, particularly when standards are not available. In this sense, techniques that use accurate mass measurements come into play for unequivocal identification of nontarget analytes. Several metabolites were identified using a whole variety of accurate mass tools including isotope mass filters, molecular features, and mass profiling. Some of these metabolites have never been reported in the literature and constitute an example of the power of high-resolution mass techniques for the unequivocal structural identification of new transformation products.
Fisetin Reduces the Impact of Aging on Behavior and Physiology in the Rapidly Aging SAMP8 Mouse

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rarely addressed in the context of aging even though there is an overlap in pathology. We previously used a phenotypic screening platform based on old age-associated brain toxicities to identify the flavonol fisetin as a potential therapeutic for AD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Based on earlier results with fisetin in transgenic AD mice, we hypothesized that fisetin would be effective against brain aging and cognitive dysfunction in rapidly aging senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a model for sporadic AD and dementia. An integrative approach was used to correlate protein expression and metabolite levels in the brain with cognition. It was found that fisetin reduced cognitive deficits in old SAMP8 mice while restoring multiple markers associated with impaired synaptic function, stress, and inflammation. These results provide further evidence for the potential benefits of fisetin for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Silent minority: argument, information sharing, and polarization of minority opinion through a structuration theory lens

ABSTRACTIn a test of how information mentioned in a group discussion affects post-discussion attitude polarization, participants stated their opinion about Donald Trump and read nine pieces of information about him that either reflected positively (three pieces) or negatively (six pieces) on his character. The participants then participated in an online chat in which the majority had a negative opinion of Trump. The online chat involved confederate group members who either discussed only new, unshared information the participant had not read before discussion or shared information the participant had just read. The experiment reported herein tested persuasive arguments theory (PAT) against structuration theory by comparing how group discussion of either shared or novel, unshared information affects attitude polarization. The data failed to support PAT’s premise that unshared arguments are more persuasive than shared arguments and contribute to polarization. Only minority members in the shared chat conditi...
Hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from lecithin for high-performance supercapacitors

The development of renewable carbon sources for sustainable energy storage applications is of significance importance. Herein, we report the synthesis of three-dimensional N-doped carbons derived from lecithin via a simple route. Hierarchical porous carbons with high surface area (up to 1803 m2 g−1) and nitrogen-doping level (up to 9.2 wt%) were successfully prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and a subsequent thermal annealing. The electrochemical performance of the carbon electrodes was examined with both two and three-electrode cell configurations in 1 M KOH and 1 M H2SO4 electrolytes. The as-prepared NC-800 electrode features a large specific capacitance (285 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), high-rate capacitive behavior, and long-term cycling stability (8% loss after 20 000 cycles). Furthermore, NC-800 exhibits an energy density of 24.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1 in 1 M H2SO4. The excellent electrochemical performance of N-doped carbons is attributed to the unique hierarchical porous frameworks along with pseudocapacitive effect. This work opens up a new approach for preparation of hierarchical N-doped porous carbon materials with tailored properties for supercapacitor applications.
Kami: a platform for high-level parametric hardware specification and its modular verification

It has become fairly standard in the programming-languages research world to verify functional programs in proof assistants using induction, algebraic simplification, and rewriting. In this paper, we introduce Kami, a Coq library that enables similar expressive and modular reasoning for hardware designs expressed in the style of the Bluespec language. We can specify, implement, and verify realistic designs entirely within Coq, ending with automatic extraction into a pipeline that bottoms out in FPGAs. Our methodology, using labeled transition systems, has been evaluated in a case study verifying an infinite family of multicore systems, with cache-coherent shared memory and pipelined cores implementing (the base integer subset of) the RISC-V instruction set.
Element Stiffness Matrix

Abstract First, the element stiffness matrix [k] for a 2-node bar is generated using three approaches: direct, variational, and weighted residuals. For the weighted residuals method, emphasis is placed on the use of the Galerkin's method. We conclude from this exercise that the element stiffness matrix can be directly obtained from integration of the element shape functions. Second, we calculate numerical entries of element stiffness matrices by using the Gauss numerical integration scheme for the simplest and most commonly used element types. Also introduced are the full-integration, selective-reduced-integration, and reduced-integration schemes. When the reduced-integration scheme is used, concerns regarding the potential hourglass mode are discussed. Third, for a new element type, which can be decomposed into two or more basic element types, we discuss the principle of superposition for creating the stiffness matrix of this new element type. Finally, the rotational matrix is presented to transfer vectors and stiffness matrices from locally derived stiffness matrices, which are based on the natural coordinate system, to the global coordinate system.
Single Scattering and Diffusive Limits of the Ultrasonic Radiative Transfer Equation

Microstructural characterization of polycrystalline metals is often performed using ultrasonic backscatter techniques [1,2,3]. The backscattered diffuse or incoherent signals, also called grain noise, contain microstructural information about grain size, orientation, and composition which is useful for materials characterization. The grain noise can also interfere with flaw detection. Understanding the scattering mechanism is thus important. When the time and/or length scales of a backscatter experiment are long compared with the time and length scales of the random scattering events occurring within the medium, multiple scattering effects become important. The multiple scattering problem has two limits. In the limit of early times or weakly scattering materials, and for experiments involving focussed transducers, a single scattering approximation has been successful for modeling grain noise [1,2,3]. This assumption implies that the incident wave strikes, on average, a single scatterer before being detected. In the opposite limit, at late times after the energy has scattered many times, the behavior is governed by a diffusion equation [4,5]. The intermediate multiple scattering regime has not, however, been fully utilized for microstructural characterization possibly because of the lack of an adequate theory with which to describe corresponding experiments.
Cognitive and Sub-regular Complexity

We present a measure of cognitive complexity for subclasses of the regular languages that is based on model-theoretic complexity rather than on description length of particular classes of grammars or automata. Unlike description length approaches, this complexity measure is independent of the implementation details of the cognitive mechanism. Hence, it provides a basis for making inferences about cognitive mechanisms that are valid regardless of how those mechanisms are actually realized.
Why Do Service Providers Employ Their Face-Shots in Marketing Communications?

From billboards to newspapers, from TV to Yellow Pages, business owners of retail establishments and services frequently include their face-shots in their advertising to the public. Clearly, their face-shot takes up space which, in turn, costs money. Thus, an important question to ask is: are advertisers who include their face-shots receiving a benefit that justifies their cost? Accordingly, in this research, we develop the notion that the utilization of the service provider’s face is able to credibly signal product quality via a bonding mechanism. In particular, we examine if the signaling ability of the face-shot is higher for credence goods, services that typically exhibit higher demand for quality signals. In addition, we also investigate the ability of the faceSeoul Journal of Business Volume 14, Number 1 (June 2008) * Corresponding author, Assistant Professor of Marketing, College of Business Administration, California State University (choibj@cba.csus.edu). ** Associate Professor of Marketing & Stockton Research Fellow, School of Business, University of Kansas (kjoseph@ku.edu). *** Associate Professor of Marketing, School of Business, University of Kansas (drosen@ku.edu). shot to serve as a logo for the service. Analyzing a dataset containing 3299 yellow pages advertisements culled from seven city-pairs, we find support for the bonding hypothesis but not for the logo hypotheses. Implications for the design of marketing communications are also discussed.
Impending cardiac tamponade as a primary presentation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

A 37-year-old woman with a history of psoriatic arthritis presented to the emergency department with back pain radiating to the upper abdomen for 1 week with no other associated symptoms. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs, mild enlargement of the thyroid gland, jugular venous distension and distant heart sounds. Laboratory results revealed elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone at 134.76 U/mL, decreased free T4 at 0.27 ng/dL and T3 at 1.7 ng/dL. Testing for cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor was negative. ECG showed sinus rhythm at 63 beats per minute and low-voltage complexes. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an incidental large pericardial effusion and no remarkable abdominal pathology. Echocardiography confirmed large pericardial effusion with an early tamponade physiology (figure 1). Figure 1 (A) Echocardiogram (ECHO) apical four chamber view showing right ventricular wall collapse with surrounding large pericardial effusion. …
Thromboprophylaxis strategies for children with single-ventricle circulations (superior or total cavo-pulmonary connections) after stent implantation

Objective To define optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy after stent implantation in superior or total cavopulmonary connections. Background Stent thrombosis is a rare complication of intravascular stenting, with a perceived higher risk in single-ventricle patients. Methods All patients who underwent stent implantation within superior or total cavopulmonary connections (caval vein, innominate vein, Fontan, or branch pulmonary arteries) were included. Cohort was divided into aspirin therapy alone versus advanced anticoagulation, including warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin, or clopidogrel. Primary endpoint was in-stent or downstream thrombus, and secondary endpoints included bleeding complications. Results A total of 58 patients with single-ventricle circulation underwent 72 stent implantations. Of them 14 stents (19%) were implanted post-superior cavopulmonary connection and 58 (81%) post-total cavopulmonary connection. Indications for stenting included vessel/conduit stenosis (67%), external compression (18%), and thrombotic occlusion (15%). Advanced anticoagulation was prescribed for 32 (44%) patients and aspirin for 40 (56%) patients. Median follow up was 1.1 (25th-75th percentile, 0.5-2.6) years. Echocardiograms were available in 71 patients (99%), and advanced imaging in 44 patients (61%). Thrombosis was present in two patients on advanced anticoagulation (6.3%) and none noted in patients on aspirin (p = 0.187). Both patients with in-stent thrombus underwent initial stenting due to occlusive left pulmonary artery thrombus acutely post-superior cavopulmonary connection. There were seven (22%) significant bleeding complications for advanced anticoagulation and none for aspirin (p Conclusions Antithrombotic strategy does not appear to affect rates of in-stent thrombus in single-ventricle circulations. Aspirin alone may be sufficient for most patients undergoing stent implantation, while pre-existing thrombus may warrant advanced anticoagulation.
Assessing the national capacity for disaster research response (DR2) within the NIEHS Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers

Disaster research response (DR2) is necessary to answer scientific questions about the environmental health impacts of disasters and the effectiveness of response and recovery strategies. This research explores the preparedness and capacity of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) P30 Core Centers (CCs) to conduct DR2 and engage with communities in the context of disasters. In early 2018, we conducted an online survey of CC Directors (n = 16, 69.5% response rate) to identify their DR2 relevant scientific assets, capabilities, and activities. Summary statistics were calculated. We also conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 (69.5%) CC Community Engagement Core directors to identify facilitators and barriers of DR2 community engagement. Interview notes were coded and thematically analyzed. Survey: While 56% of responding CCs reported prior participation in DR2 and preparedness to repurpose funding to support DR2, less than one third reported development of a disaster-specific data collection protocol, deployment plan, or concept of operations plan, participation in an exercise to test DR2 capacity, development of academic partnerships to conduct DR2, development of a process for fast-tracking institutional review board approvals for DR2, or maintenance of formal agreements with state, local, or community-based partner(s). A number of CCs reported developing or considering developing capacity in these areas. Barriers to, and tools and resources to enhance, CC engagement in DR2 were identified. Interviews: Four key components for community engaged DR2 were identified: pre-existing community relationships, responsive research that benefits communities, coordination among researchers, and coordination with community response partners. Several roles for, benefits of, and barriers to Community Engagement Rapid Response Teams (CERRT) were described. CCs have significant scientific assets and community partnerships that can be leveraged for DR2; however, additional planning is necessary to ensure that these scientific assets and community partnerships are leveraged when disasters strike.
EPM 20/20: A Review, Framework, and Research Agenda for Electronic Performance Monitoring:

Electronic performance monitoring (EPM) refers to the use of technological means to observe, record, and analyze information that directly or indirectly relates to job performance. The last compreh...
Redox-mediated transformation of a Tb2O3(111) thin film from the cubic fluorite to bixbyite structure

We used temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) to investigate the isomeric structural transformation of a Tb2O3 thin film grown on Pt(111). We find that repeated oxidation and thermal reduction to 1000 K transforms an oxygen-deficient, cubic fluorite (CF) Tb2O3(111) thin film to the well-defined bixbyite, or c-Tb2O3(111) structure, whereas annealing the CF-Tb2O3(111) film in UHV is ineffective in causing this structural transformation. We estimate that the final stabilized film consists of about ten layers of c-Tb2O3(111) in the surface region plus about eight layers of CF-Tb2O3(111) located between the c-Tb2O3(111) and the Pt(111) substrate. Our measurements reveal the development of two distinct O2 TPD peaks during the CF to bixbyite transformation that arise from oxidation of c-Tb2O3 domains to the stoichiometrically-invariant ι-Tb7O12 and δ-Tb11O20 phases and demonstrate that the c-Tb2O3 phase oxidizes more facilely than CF-Tb2O3. We present evidence that nucleation and growth of c-Tb2O3 domains occurs at the buried TbOx/CF-Tb2O3 interface, and that conversion of the interfacial CF-Tb2O3 to bixbyite takes place mainly during thermal reduction of TbOx above ∼900 K and causes newly-formed c-Tb2O3 to advance deeper into the film. The avoidance of low Tb oxidation states may facilitate the CF to bixbyite transformation via this redox mechanism.
Abstract P472: Addressing Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian San Joaquin Population

Introduction: South Asians have a higher death rate than any other population for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and high blood pressure (HBP). San Joaquin has a growing rate of South Asians immigran...
[HS1330] Plant Biostimulants: Definition and Overview of Categories and Effects

This new 4-page article provides an overview of a group of crop production materials termed “plant biostimulants,” which are frequently promoted as environment-friendly alternatives to chemical-based products. It explains their regulatory status and presents an overview of the most popular materials (e.g., beneficial fungi, seaweeds, and silicon) and their effects on plants. Written by Ute Albrecht and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1330
Detectability of gravitational waves from a population of inspiralling black holes in Milky Way-mass galaxies

We estimate the rate of inspiral for a population of stellar mass BHs in the star cluster around the super massive black hole at the center of Milky Way mass galaxies. Our approach is based on an orbit averaged Fokker Planck approach. This is then followed by a post-processing approach, which incorporates the impact of the angular momentum diffusion and the GW dissipation in the evolution of system. We make a sample of 10000 BHs with different initial semi-major and eccentricities with the distribution of $f_c(a)/a$ and $e$, respectively. Where $f_c(a)$ refers to the phase-space distribution function for cth species. Angular momentum diffusion leads to an enhancement in the eccentricity of every system in the above sample and so increases the rate of inspiral. We compute the fraction of time that every system spends in the LISA band with the signal to noise ratio $\rm{SNR} \geq 8$. Every system eventually approaches the loss-cone with a replenishment rate given by the diffusion rate of the cluster, $\mu/ \rm{Gyr}^{-1} \lesssim 1 $. This small rate reduces the total rate of the inspiral for individual MW mass galaxies with an estimate $R_{obs} \lesssim 10^{-5} yr^{-1}$. It is expected though that a collection of $N_{gal} \simeq 10^4$ MW mass galaxies lead to an observable GW signal in the LISA band.
Unique genomic and neoepitope landscapes across tumors: a study across time, tissues, and space within a single lynch syndrome patient.

Lynch syndrome (LS) arises in patients with pathogenic germline variants in DNA mismatch repair genes. LS is the most common inherited cancer predisposition condition and confers an elevated lifetime risk of multiple cancers notably colorectal and endometrial carcinomas. A distinguishing feature of LS associated tumors is accumulation of variants targeting microsatellite repeats and the potential for high tumor specific neoepitope levels. Recurrent somatic variants targeting a small subset of genes have been identified in tumors with microsatellite instability. Notably these include frameshifts that can activate immune responses and provide vaccine targets to affect the lifetime cancer risk associated with LS. However the presence and persistence of targeted neoepitopes across multiple tumors in single LS patients has not been rigorously studied. Here we profiled the genomic landscapes of five distinct treatment naive tumors, a papillary transitional cell renal cell carcinoma, a duodenal carcinoma, two metachronous colorectal carcinomas, and multi-regional sampling in a triple-negative breast tumor, arising in a LS patient over 10 years. Our analyses suggest each tumor evolves a unique complement of variants and that vaccines based on potential neoepitopes from one tissue may not be effective across all tumors that can arise during the lifetime of LS patients.
Engaging a Collaborative Practice: Reflections on Feminist/Critical Disability Studies by Two Psychologists

In this chapter, Coffman-Rosen and Ostrove reflect on disability as situated in psychology and interdisciplinary feminist theory, analyzing disability’s intersection with gender and other social oppressions, identities, and locations. They highlight the transgressive potential of centering disability within feminist psychology and share how doing this transformed their pedagogy and academic lives. Using a disability-centered perspective, they examine the power dynamics of gender and disability in psychology and related social sciences, featuring the voices of disabled women who chose their own narratives. Their work is grounded in a first person exploration of their academic and personal lives, connecting their social identities and locations to their scholarly and pedagogical frameworks. It also addresses strategies for—and student reactions to—taking this work to the next generation.
In-Flight Sexual Victimization in the #METOO Era: A Content Analysis of Media Reports

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), incidents of in-flight sexual assaults have increased in recent years, however, data and details of sexual misconduct that occur on commercial flights are difficult to obtain, particularly in situations that involve non-forcible sexual offenses. Therefore, it is unknown if sexual misconduct is increasing, or if people are reporting incidents more than they have in the past. It is also challenging to assess airline responses to sexual misconduct since there is no universal policy that clearly lays out what crew ought to do in situations that involve sexual victimization. Regardless of these shortcomings, this phenomenon is timely and worthy of exploration given the noticeable lack of criminological literature on the topic. Fortunately, in-flight sexual victimization has been given more widespread public attention by way of media reports and the #MeToo movement, and the federal government has created a task force to investigate allegations and give policy recommendations when sexual offenses occur. In light of the progressive changes that have arisen in recent years to address sexual misconduct, this exploratory study aims to highlight the poorly reported and ill-regulated problem of sexual victimization that occurs during air travel through a content analysis of online media reports to describe risk factors for in-flight victimization. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of commercial flights present potential risk factors for both forcible and non-forcible sexual victimization. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Interdisciplinary Transactional Courses

This Article represents a panel presentation on interdisciplinary work in law school transactional courses. The Authors’ focus is on the Small Business Clinic at Western New England University School of Law. Topics covered are: interdisciplinary work and the classroom, professional liability and competency issues in rendering services through a clinic, culture class issues, ethical dilemmas, delivering professional products to the client, and co-curricular opportunities.