cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of testosterone dose on spatial memory among castrated adult male rats.

Abstract Previous research on the activational effects of testosterone on spatial memory has produced mixed results, possibly because such effects are dose-dependent. We tested a wide range of testosterone doses using two spatial memory tasks: a working-reference memory version of the radial-arm maze (RAM) and an object location memory task (OLMT). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated or sham-castrated and given daily injections of drug vehicle (Oil Sham and Oil GDX) or one of four doses of testosterone propionate (0.125, 0.250, 0.500, and 1.000 mg T) beginning seven days before the first day of behavioral tests and continuing throughout testing. For the RAM, four arms of the maze were consistently baited on each day of testing. Testosterone had a significant effect on working memory on the RAM, with the Oil Sham, 0.125 mg T, and 0.500 mg T groups performing better than the Oil GDX group. In contrast, there was no significant effect of testosterone on spatial reference memory on the RAM. For the OLMT, we tested long-term memory using a 2 h inter-trial interval between first exposure to two identical objects and re-exposure after one object had been moved. Only the 0.125 and 0.500 mg T groups showed a significant increase in exploration of the moved object during the testing trials, indicating better memory than all other groups. Testosterone replacement restored spatial memory among castrated male rats on both behavioral tasks, but there was a complex dose-response relationship; therefore, the therapeutic value of testosterone is likely sensitive to dose.
Validating Noncooperative Control Designs Through a Lyapunov Approach

A decentralized verification procedure is proposed to verify stability and performance for systems with multiple controllers designed by noncooperative agents. The key concept is to use Lyapunov functions as measure of the influence of each controller on the system. Sum of squares programming is used to verify Lyapunov derivative conditions, thus providing a sufficient condition for the specification. Dual decomposition is then used to decentralize the algorithm with the guarantee that decentralized verification is equivalent to centralized verification. The verification procedure is extended to decentralized control synthesis. To reduce the conservatism caused by improper choice of Lyapunov candidate, a perturbation algorithm is proposed to modify the Lyapunov candidate such that it better suits the purpose of verification.
Cerebral Autoregulation and Conventional and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abstract Background Deviation of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from the range that optimizes cerebral autoregulatory vasoreactivity (optimal MAP) could increase neurological injury from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We tested whether a global magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain injury score and regional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are associated with optimal MAP in neonates with HIE. Methods Twenty-five neonates cooled for HIE were monitored with the hemoglobin volume index. In this observational study, we identified optimal MAP and measured brain injury by qualitative and quantitative MRIs with the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) score and DTI mean diffusivity scalars. Optimal MAP and blood pressure were compared with brain injury. Results Neonates with blood pressure measurements within optimal MAP during rewarming had less brain injury by NRN score ( P = 0.040). Longer duration of MAP within optimal MAP during hypothermia correlated with higher mean diffusivity in the anterior centrum semiovale ( P = 0.008) and pons ( P = 0.002). Blood pressure deviation below optimal MAP was associated with lower mean diffusivity in cerebellar white matter ( P = 0.033). Higher optimal MAP values related to lower mean diffusivity in the basal ganglia ( P = 0.021), the thalamus ( P = 0.006), the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( P = 0.018), the posterior centrum semiovale ( P = 0.035), and the cerebellar white matter ( P = 0.008). Optimal MAP values were not associated with the NRN score. Conclusions The NRN score and the regional mean diffusivity scalars detected injury with mean arterial blood pressure deviations from the optimal MAP. Higher optimal MAP and lower mean diffusivity may be related because of cytotoxic edema and limited vasodilatory reserve at low MAP in injured brain. DTI detected injury with elevated optimal MAP better than the NRN score.
Creaky phonation and Mandarin 214-Sandhi

Mandarin has four contrastive tones (55, 35, 214, and 51). The 214 tone is consistently produced at the lowest part of a speaker’s pitch range, and is therefore frequently accompanied by allophonic creaky phonation. Additionally, Mandarin has a complex system of tone sandhi; the type of sandhi being investigated in this paper is whereby, when two adjacent 214 tones are uttered, the first 214 changes to a 35, and the second 214 changes to a 21. Twenty speakers of Mandarin were recorded at the campus of Peking University using a sentence list constructed to elicit minimal pairs between sandhi-unaffected and sandhi-affected 214 tones. Age and gender were not considered a contributing factor to the presence of 214-linked creak, and so such factors were not controlled for. Preliminary results show that there is no significant difference between the amount of creak on affected and unaffected vowels. Therefore, the duration spent uttering the vowel at a lower pitch did not increase the intensity of creak. Howeve...
Estimating Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk

Accurate estimates of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk are necessary around the time a first breast cancer is diagnosed to aid surgical decision-making. This review will discuss the known risk factors for contralateral breast cancer (CBC) and present methods for calculating CBC risk that can be utilized when breast surgeons counsel patients. In addition to the well-known factors that impact contralateral breast cancer risk, such as BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carrier status and history of chest wall radiation, other factors that affect CBC risk are being better defined. Recent studies that take into account important covariates in contralateral breast cancer risk, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carrier status, family history, and systemic treatment, are further improving estimates of contralateral risk. Recent studies show family history, especially of breast cancer in a young relative or of bilateral breast cancer, hormone receptor status, lobular histology, and breast density are important in accurately estimating contralateral breast cancer risk. The Manchester formula, a pen and paper calculation for contralateral breast cancer risk estimation, and CBCRisk, a recently developed online CBC risk calculator, are two tools now available to clinicians. Despite a decreasing incidence of contralateral breast cancer over the last few decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of women undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). The reasons for this are multifactorial, but fear of a contralateral breast cancer and a tendency to overestimate the risk of a contralateral breast cancer are two factors. Therefore, a critical element in decision-making for women considering CPM is having an accurate estimate of contralateral breast cancer risk. Models for estimating contralateral breast cancer risk are not widely used, but are available.
Low-Energy Architectures of Linear Classifiers for IoT Applications using Incremental Precision and Multi-Level Classification

This paper presents a novel incremental-precision classification approach that leads to a reduction in energy consumption of linear classifiers for IoT applications. Features are first input to a low-precision classifier. If the classifier successfully classifies the sample, then the process terminates. Otherwise, the classification performance is incrementally improved by using a classifier of higher precision. This process is repeated until the classification is complete. The argument is that many samples can be classified using the low-precision classifier, leading to a reduction in energy. To achieve incremental-precision, a novel data-path decomposition is proposed to design of fixed-width adders and multipliers. These components improve the precision without recalculating the outputs, thus reducing energy. Using a linear classification example, it is shown that the proposed incremental-precision based multi-level classifier approach can reduce energy by about 41% while achieving comparable accuracies as that of a full-precision system.
The Cytoskeleton of the Squid Giant Axon

The squid giant axon is useful to biologists because of its very large size, but it is the continued applicability of studies on this cell to much smaller diameter mammalian axons that have sustained our interest in this mollusc. For example, in electrophysiology the large size of the squid giant axon has enabled manipulations that would have been difficult or impossible with smaller axons. More recently, new methods, such as patch clamping, have made the detailed study of mammalian cell membranes possible, and these have shown that the basic mechanisms established for the squid giant axon also occur in the excitable cells of other metazoa, including mammals and presumably man.
Storage conditions modulate the metabolomic profile of a black raspberry nectar with minimal impact on bioactivity

Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest black raspberries (BRBs) may inhibit the development of oral cancer. Lyophilized BRB powder is commonly used in these studies, but processed BRB products are more often consumed. The objective of this work was to understand how storage conditions influence the phytochemical profile and anti-proliferative activity of a BRB nectar beverage. Untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based metabolomics analyses demonstrated that large chemical variation was introduced by storage above -20 °C over 60 days. However, minimal change in anti-proliferative activity was observed when stored nectar extracts were applied to SCC-83-01-82 premalignant oral epithelial cells. As proof of concept, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and its degradation product, protocatechuic acid, were administered in different ratios maintaining an equimolar dose, and anti-proliferative activity was maintained. This study shows the utility of metabolomics to profile global chemical changes in foods, while demonstrating that isolated phytochemicals do not explain the complete bioactivity of a complex food product.
Trainings in Suicide Awareness: A Focus on School Settings

School counselors at all grade levels are faced with student suicidal ideation on a regular basis. As the primary mental health providers at their sites, school counselors are the ideal professiona...
Congenital and Pediatric Anorectal Conditions

Congenital pediatric anorectal problems include anorectal malformations and Hirschsprung’s disease. Anorectal malformations are diverse, often associated with other anomalies including genitourinary or sacral ones. Repair may be staged and is generally completed with a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. Hirschsprung’s disease may present gradually with constipation or acutely with enterocolitis, requiring either a pullthrough procedure, or occasionally a colostomy. Among other anorectal anomalies, treatment of fistula-in-ano, anal fissure and rectal prolapse may be nonoperative in pediatric patients, or a procedure similar to that done in adults. Another important consideration is that of sexual abuse, as there are important anal signs of abuse.
Violence and Splendor: At the Limits of Hermeneutics

From earliest times, serious collective performances, rituals, ceremonies, parades, dances have been concerned with war. They have evolved extraordinary splendor and given rise to the high art of Egypt, Anghor Wat, Chichin-Itza, and San Juan de Compostelo. However, splendor closes in upon itself and evolves with its own logic. This essay studies this evolution in Carnival in Rio de Janeiro and the Mount Hagen Show in Papua-New Guinea.
Combination therapy in overactive bladder-untapped research opportunities: A systematic review of the literature.

Aims Overactive bladder (OAB) affects over 17% of the population and significantly effect the health-related quality of life. The treatments for OAB include first line (lifestyle modification, pelvic floor muscle training), second line (anticholinergic or beta-3 agonist medications), and third line therapies (intradetrusor botulinum toxin injection, sacral neurostimulation [SNM], or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation [PTNS]). For those with urinary incontinence secondary to OAB, complete continence is the goal of therapy, though cure rates are only 5% to 40%. The use of combination therapies can be employed in refractory OAB, however, the efficacy of pooled modalities is relatively unknown. Our objective was to determine the volume of data supporting combination therapy in treating OAB. Methods We systematically reviewed PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles published before October 2018. Each was independently reviewed by two reviewers and examined in detail if they met inclusion criteria. Results A total of 32 studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Most large prospective studies evaluated combinations of medications with behavioral therapy or medications together. Combination therapy studies of third-line treatments were rare and centered on medication with PTNS. No studies examined intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections in combination with another therapy and only one retrospective study briefly examined SNM therapy in combination with medication. Conclusion Combination therapy, with certain first, second, and third-line OAB therapies, appears to be efficacious. There is a further need for carefully designed combination therapy studies, particularly those including third line modalities.
Empresas domésticas en ciudades de países en desarrollo

Las viviendas pueden proveer no solamente refugio y amenidades sino tambien un ingreso a traves del alquiler del espacio o de su uso como una tienda, Este ingreso ayuda a financiar las viviendas y sus mejoras. Pero con frecuencia los formuladores de politica se han opuesto a disenar viviendas en las que tambien se pueda trabajar, debido a una devocion por las teorias del uso unifuncional de la tierra y por un sesgo moralista contra las ganancias economicas privadas al apoyar viviendas sociales. Mas aun, se piensa que las empresas domesticas son talleres donde se trabaja muy duramente, que son improductivos y no tienen futuro
Pirates, privateers and buccaneers in the Caribbean

After Columbus' discovery of the New World in 1492, the Caribbean region became a center of European trade and civilization, attracting many pirates and privateers from many nationalities.
TRANSNATIONAL AND POST HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION

The proliferation of artificially intelligent robots and virtual agents raise practical, technological, and ethical considerations in the emerging area of human-machine communication (HMC) research. The topics in this panel span agriculture and environmentalism, gender and sexuality, collective identity and culture, memory and data migration, and relational development with social robots. The panel discusses ways in which technology serves as solutions to and causes of new transnational challenges for networked publics, as well as ways technology is supplanting what has historically been referred to as the “natural.” The goal of this panel is to demonstrate the diverse applications of robotics, as well as foster an open-mindset for reconceptualizing humanity in a post-human world. Specific panel presentations discuss: - Honeybee colony collapse in agriculture and artificial pollinators known as Robobees. - Industry recommendations for the development of ethical and successful caretaking robots for aging populations based on interpersonal communication scholarship. - Asymmetrical relationships and ethical implications of elevating sexbots to human status from the theoretical perspective of Rousseau’s natural self. - Digital interlocutors as scripted-selves that co-produce and standardize cultural norms. - Transference of human memory to cloud-based memory through voice commands as the foundation for algorithmic future-thinking. These research topics identify the importance and relevance of scholarship in the area of HMC and advocate for their inclusion in the conceptualization, prototyping, and creation of robotic and AI technologies. This panel offers an opportunity to engage in a necessary, provocative, and timely discussion about HMC and the role of critical scholarship in shaping technologies of the future.
Authoritarianism and the planetary mission of queer of color critique: a short reflection

This contribution to a journal special issue on comparative populisms investigates the necessity and possibility of queer of color critique’s engaging authoritarian formations in the contemporary m...
Qualitative synthesis of temperate bat responses to silvicultural treatments—where do we go from here?

Most bat species depend on forests for roosting, foraging, and drinking during part or all of their life cycles. Many of the world's forests are managed using a variety of silvicultural treatments and, over the past 40 years, researchers have studied the responses of bats to these treatments. I carried out a qualitative synthesis of the literature on roosting and foraging responses of temperate insectivorous bats to silvicultural treatments at the stand level to determine what treatments may be most compatible with conservation and to guide future research. Eighty-eight studies from Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, met review criteria. Based on my results, foraging and commuting habitat use was less affected by changes in forest structure and composition than roost habitat use. Mid-rotation treatments that reduce clutter while retaining overstory structure (e.g., thinning and fire) had more neutral and positive effects than treatments that removed all or most of the overstory. Based on an examination of the methods and assumptions of the 88 studies included in this review, I conclude that future studies should: 1) strive to account for treatment effects on detection probability of bats when using acoustic detectors; 2) examine responses of bats to silvicultural treatments outside the maternity season; 3) examine demographic and physiological responses to silvicultural treatments in addition to habitat use to fully understand the effects of these treatments on bat populations; and 4) use stand-level data to model forest management effects across large landscapes and over long time periods.
The Relationship Between Estimated Median Household Income and Critical Care Length of Stay in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an important diagnosis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with significant morbidity. We hypothesized children with DKA living in poorer co...
High-pressure high-temperature synthesis and thermal equation of state of high-entropy transition metal boride

A high-entropy transition metal boride (Hf0.2 Ti0.2 Zr0.2 Ta0.2 Mo0.2)B2 sample was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature starting from ball-milled oxide precursors (HfO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, and MoO3) mixed with graphite and boron-carbide. Experiments were conducted in a large-volume Paris–Edinburgh press combined with in situ energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. The hexagonal AlB2 phase with an ambient pressure volume V0 = 27.93 ± 0.03 A3 was synthesized at a pressure of 0.9 GPa and temperatures above 1373 K. High-pressure high-temperature studies on the synthesized high-entropy transition metal boride sample were performed up to 7.6 GPa and 1873 K. The thermal equation of state fitted to the experimental data resulted in an ambient pressure bulk-modulus K0 = 344 ± 39 GPa, dK/dT = −0.108 ± 0.027 GPa/K, and a temperature dependent volumetric thermal expansion coefficient α = α0 + α1T + α2 T−2. The thermal stability combined with a high bulk-modulus establishes this high-entropy transition metal boride as an ultrahard high-temperature ceramic material.
Do nonpharmacological services offset opioids in pain treatment for soldiers

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between nonpharmacological treatment (NPT) utilization and opioid prescriptions and doses and whether these relationships vary according to the type of NPT service received. DATA SOURCE Secondary data from the US Military Health System, nationwide. STUDY DESIGN Patterns of NPT utilization and opioid prescriptions were analyzed over the 23 months after initial pain treatment (index visit). Regression models were used to examine the relationship between opioid prescription use in a given month and NPT service utilization in the three preceding months, using person fixed effects to control for time-invariant patient characteristics, as well as time fixed effects. Analyses were stratified by whether the patient filled an opioid prescription in the first 30 days post index visit. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS Administrative data on health care utilization were extracted from the US Military Health System Data Repository for Army service members who returned from deployments in Afghanistan and Iraq that ended in fiscal years 2008 to 2014 and had at least one outpatient visit with a primary diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain in the subsequent year. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Utilization of any NPT service in the past 3 months was positively associated with filling an opioid prescription in the given month, regardless of whether the patient was initially prescribed opioids (percentage point difference [PP] =2.87, P < 0.01) or not (PP = 0.83, P < 0.01). However, for those not initially prescribed opioids, use of any NPT service in the past 3 months was negatively associated with mean daily opioid dose in the given month (morphine milligram equivalent dose = -0.4017, P < 0.01). For those initially prescribed opioids, NPT was not associated with opioid dose. CONCLUSIONS NPT only reduced the prescription opioid daily dose for some patients, whereas the probability of receiving an opioid prescription was positively associated with NPT. Future research should assess whether recent system-level policies and program changes influence referral and opioid prescribing patterns.
Lie bracket approximation-based extremum seeking with vanishing input oscillations

Abstract In recent years, an approach to extremum seeking control made it possible to design control vector fields that lead to asymptotic stability of the minimum point provided that the minimum value of the function is known a priori. In this work we aim to relax that assumption. We propose an extremum seeking control law that converges to the minimum point with vanishing control oscillations, without access to the minimum value of the cost function. We provide a numerical example to support our results.
HepT1-derived murine models of high-risk hepatoblastoma display vascular invasion, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric primary liver malignancy, and survival for high-risk disease approaches 50%. Mouse models of HB fail to recapitulate hallmarks of high-risk disease. The aim of this work was to generate murine models that show high-risk features including multifocal tumors, vascular invasion, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). HepT1 cells were injected into the livers or tail veins of mice, and tumor growth was monitored with magnetic resonance and bioluminescent imaging. Blood was analyzed with fluorescence activated cell sorting to identify CTCs. Intra- and extra-hepatic tumor samples were harvested for immunohistochemistry and RNA and DNA sequencing. Cell lines were grown from tumor samples and profiled with RNA sequencing. With intrahepatic injection of HepT1 cells, 100% of animals grew liver tumors and showed vascular invasion, metastasis, and CTCs. Mutation profiling revealed genetic alterations in seven cancer-related genes, while transcriptomic analyses showed changes in gene expression with cells that invade vessels. Tail vein injection of HepT1 cells resulted in multifocal, metastatic disease. These unique models will facilitate further meaningful studies of high-risk HB. Summary StatementIn this work, we developed and thoroughly characterized several unique models of hepatoblastoma derived from the HepT1 cell line that show high-risk features.
Kitchen Adequacy and Child Diet Quality in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample

This study examined kitchen adequacy in a racially/ethnically diverse low-income sample and associations with child diet quality. Families with children age five to seven years old (n = 150) from non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Native American, Hmong, and Somali families were recruited through primary care clinics. More than 85% of families had 15 of the 20 kitchen items queried, indicating that the sample had adequate kitchen facilities. Only one item (a kitchen table) was associated with higher overall diet quality of children. In contrast, children living in households with can openers and measuring spoons consumed more sodium and added sugars, respectively.
Educating the Blind Diabetic about His Condition

Staff of rehabilitation centers may assume that adult onset blind diabetics, having had diabetes for a number of years, will possess adequate understanding of their condition. The author's experien...
Efficient Force Estimation for Continuum Robot.

External contact force is one of the most significant information for the robots to model, control, and safely interact with external objects. For continuum robots, it is possible to estimate the contact force based on the measurements of robot configurations, which addresses the difficulty of implementing the force sensor feedback on the robot body with strict dimension constraints. In this paper, we use local curvatures measured from fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGS) to estimate the magnitude and location of single or multiple external contact forces. A simplified mechanics model is derived from Cosserat rod theory to compute continuum robot curvatures. Least-square optimization is utilized to estimate the forces by minimizing errors between computed curvatures and measured curvatures. The results show that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate the contact force magnitude (error: 5.25\% -- 12.87\%) and locations (error: 1.02\% -- 2.19\%). The calculation speed of the proposed method is validated in MATLAB. The results indicate that our approach is 29.0 -- 101.6 times faster than the conventional methods. These results indicate that the proposed method is accurate and efficient for contact force estimations.
Persona Cards: Introducing Users With Diverse Needs To Enhance Accessibility Teaching

Location: Dewberry Hall Most analysts and designers who follow a formal degree in Information Technology or Computer Science are not familiar with users with diverse needs. Therefore, they tend to implement applications targeted at a regular, able-bodied user. These applications are often inaccessible for users with disabilities. To improve the students' awareness about accessibility needs, enhancing their knowledge acquisition, training and build capacity, students should become more familiarized with diverse needs users may have. Learning about universal design, accessibility considerations and guidelines that render interactive systems more accessible is key in a world where interactive technologies are widespread.
Oligometastatic Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Short-Course Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy with Non-Operative Intent of the Primary for Pelvic Complete Responders.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Sequential short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SCRT-CH) is a promising treatment for non-operative management of rectal adenocarcinoma. This paradigm has not been evaluated for newly diagnosed oligometastatic (OM1) patients (pts). We evaluated rates of locoregional clinical complete response (cCR), rectal surgeries, and local control (LC) in newly diagnosed OM1 pts treated with definitive treatment of the primary tumor with SCRT-CH with non-operative intent for pts with locoregional cCR. MATERIALS/METHODS From 2/2018 to 5/2020, 39 pts with newly diagnosed OM1 rectal cancer were treated with SCRT-CH and non-operative intent for locoregional cCR at a single institution. OM1 disease was considered disease confined to ≤ 2 distant sites. Pts received 25 Gy/5 fx to the pelvis with an optional boost to 35 Gy for involved extra-mesorectal lymph nodes. CH was delivered prior to and/or after RT. Locoregional cCR was assessed via DRE, sigmoidoscopy, and/or pelvic MRI following completion of SCRT-CH. Follow-up was calculated from RT completion. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. RESULTS All 39 pts with 47 distant sites completed SCRT and 36 (92%) had CH. 22 (56%) received all CH following RT, and 24 (62%) received at least 2 months of CH after RT. 33 pts received 1st line FOLFOX +/- bevacizumab (bev). 13 pts underwent low anterior resection and 2 pts underwent abdominoperineal resection. 19 pts had 23 distant sites treated. The most common distant site treated was liver and the most common modality was resection. Following SCRT, only 4 pts (10%) experienced a local failure (median 6.4 months, range 0.7-10.7 months). 6/39 experienced a pelvic cCR (15%); all cCR pts received SCRT first followed by at least 2 months of CH. Pts with a cCR were more likely to have received at least 2 months of CH following SCRT compared to patients without a cCR (100% vs. 59%, P < .05). The median follow-up for living pts was 16 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 66% (95% CI: 51-84%) for all pts. Pts who received at least 2 months of CH following SCRT had an improved OS (1-year OS [95% CI]: 82% [68-100%] vs. 29% [10-84%], P < .001 by log-rank) compared to pts who did not. CONCLUSION SCRT-CH with non-operative intent for pts in locoregional cCR is a promising treatment paradigm for OM1 rectal cancer pts.
Narratives in Conflicts: Alaska Natives and Offshore Drilling in the Arctic

Abstract This Symposium Essay examines and elucidates the ways in which the narrative constructions that constitute the “imaginary Arctic” factor into litigation surrounding Shell Oil’s highly controversial attempts to drill for oil and gas in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas off Alaska’s North Slope. Judges, lawyers and litigants involved in the Shell litigation have deployed a number of well-established storylines against each other: the Arctic as Classical Frontier, the Arctic as Spiritualized Frontier, the Arctic as Ancestral Homeland, the Arctic as Developing World, and the Arctic as Neutral Space. The litigation literature produced by this “battle for the Arctic” offers an opportunity to observe how conflicting narratives about nature figure into the rhetorical strategies of lawyers and judges – and thus how they factor into the law. In addition, the role of Inupiat narratives in the litigation and underlying administrative proceedings illustrates that -accepting the bargain struck in the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act as a given -the layered United States system of administrative permitting and judicial review does not violate indigenous peoples’ rights under relevant provisions of international law.
Chapter 10 Theory of Bound Magnetic Polarons in Semimagnetic Semiconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the theory of bound magnetic polarons (BMP) in semimagnetic semiconductors. It focuses on the interpretation of Dietl and Spalek (DS) theory. The formalism used is based on the theory of Heiman, Wolff, and Warnock (HWW). DS approach the BMP problem microscopically but use the continuous medium approximation in the calculation of the partition function; the central ingredient in their analysis is a classical, Landau free energy functional. HWW, on the other hand, base their calculations on a microscopic Hamiltonian with suitable approximations to evaluate the partition function and correlation functions. Despite their dissimilarities, the two theories give identical results in the continuum limit where they can legitimately be compared. The HWW approach is chosen because it is simple than that of DS and it naturally handles the problems of spin saturation and centers containing a small number of spins.
Teacher Educator Identity: Emerging understandings of person, positioning, roles, and collaborations

In this special issue of Studying Teaching Education: A Journal of Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices, research in teacher educator identity is moved forward through attention to the complex...
Toward a Model for International Business Ethics

This paper briefly examines the topic of business ethics and attempts to suggest a code of ethics for multinational firms. While most companies have basic policies on employee integrity, confidentiality and sexual harassment, relatively few have established policies regarding bribery, exploitive child labor, human rights violations and other issues they may encounter in the global market place (Drake, 1998). Until recently, very few companies had truly global operations. Consequently little attention was paid to the issue of ethical guidelines in a global context. Recent changes in international markets have led to an explosion of corporations with global operations, and the need for a global code of ethics has grown commensurately. In this paper we explore the issue of global business ethics and attempt to provide a framework for future discussion. We also examine some of the unique difficulties surrounding the development of any set of global business standards. Key among these difficulties is the issue of competing ethical values in home and host countries.
The chess master's game: A model for incorporating local police agencies in the fight against global terrorism

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to review chess as a model for incorporating local police agencies in the fight against global terrorism.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the literature concerning the nature of terrorist organizations, as well as recent literature that suggests that new methods are required to design a broad protective network with a common purpose.Findings – The paper suggests that, rather than merely relying upon the development of new technologies, greater emphasis should be placed on overcoming the social and structural barriers to complete interoperability.Practical implications – Practitioners should thoughtfully consider this paper and work to alleviate or minimize those barriers and impediments to complete interoperability.Originality/value – This paper will benefit both students and practitioners of counter terrorism, insofar as it defines the proper role of local police agencies and reinforces the need for a common understanding and a united effort to protect s...
Kinetic and isotopic studies of the oxidative half-reaction of phenol hydroxylase

Phenol hydroxylase, an FAD-containing monooxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of substituted phenols to the corresponding catechol. Use of metapyrocatechase, capable of dioxygenation of several catechols to give highly absorbing products, permitted determination of the time course of product release from phenol hydroxylase. Product dissociated prior to complete reoxidation of the enzyme, most likely concomitant with formation of the 4a-hydroxyflavin species (intermediate III). Deuterated phenol and thiophenol exhibited no kinetic isotope effect during the oxidative half-reaction. Isotope effects of 1.7 to 3.7 were found with resorcinol for the conversion of the second intermediate to intermediate III. These effects limited the possible models for phenol hydroxylation. An attempt was made to distinguish whether the spectrum of intermediate II is due entirely to that of the flavin moiety of phenol hydroxylase or whether some radical intermediate form involved in the formation of catechol makes a significant visible contribution. Reduced native and 6-hydroxy-FAD phenol hydroxylase were reacted with oxygen and resorcinol in order to provide evidence for the identity of intermediate II.
Appendix M: Mash PPSD

This appendix contains sections titled: MASH Modulator: First Stage MASH Modulator: Second Order MASH Modulator: Higher Order Variances Some Parameters of S
Female-produced sex pheromone in Brachymeria lasus and B. intermedia (Hym.: Chalcididae).

A female-produced sex pheromone in these chalcid parasitoids serves to aid mate recognition by the male. InBrachymeria lasus (Walker) male response to the pheromone remains constant with increasing male age, but pheromone activity declines with age in females. The active space of the pheromone is approximately 3 cm; at greater distances males do not respond and continue random movements. The site of pheromone production in these species remains undefined, although the thorax elicited greatest male courtship response, and the Dufour's gland area the highest % of male sensory responses.
Are ionospheric storms the same during different solar cycles

[1] The ionosphere's response to geomagnetic storms has been studied since the earliest days of terrestrial space physics. In terms of temporal coverage, the largest data sets used extensively have been from the global network of ionosondes. Many previous investigations examined the behavior of the F layer's maximum electron density (Nmax)—often contrasting the difference seen between storms that occur during solar maximum years versus those during solar minimum years. We report on the first attempt to study systematically the patterns of ionospheric disturbance seen during different solar cycles. We select two midlatitude sites with long-term consistency in data: Wallops Island (Virginia) and Hobart (Tasmania)—stations with comparable geographic and geomagnetic coordinates—but in different hemispheres and widely separated longitude sectors. We compare average ionospheric storm patterns using over 200 moderate to severe geomagnetic storms within each of solar cycle #20 (October 1964 to June 1976) and cycle #23 (May 1996 to December 2008). We compute average patterns of ΔNmax(%), measured with respect to monthly mean conditions, following storm and local time. The overall results show remarkable consistency in characteristic patterns of an ionospheric storm: a short positive phase that occurs during the daytime hours on the first day of a storm, with a prolonged negative phase on subsequent days. Statistical differences occur in the overall magnitudes and longevities of these patterns, consistently showing that cycle #23 had less severe ionospheric storms. An analysis of geomagnetic indices shows that degrees of disturbance were, in fact, lower during solar cycle #23 than cycle #20.
Heat transfer in high-current thermal batteries

Heat transfer studies at the Harry Diamond Laboratories are summarized and applied to a 100 A thermal battery that will be used for vehicular propulsion. The gas atmosphere in the thermal insulation is a major factor affecting the heat transfer. The remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) thermal battery was designed to serve as a silent energy source for a propeller-driven missile that will deliver a warhead payload. The high-current capacity Li(Al)/LiCl-LiBr-LiF eutectic-MgO/FeS/sub 2/ electrochemical system was chosen for the RPV battery because of the high power requirements. RPV battery test results are given. The feasibility of a 100 A thermal battery for vehicular propulsion has been demonstrated. >
Hazard Patterns Associated With Co-sleepers

We conducted a retrospective review of incidents associated with co-sleepers. A total of 26 incidents (6 deaths and 20 injuries) were reported to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Of these, 5 deaths were caused by asphyxia, and 1 was attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mean age at death was 3.1 months. Two-thirds of deaths had known risk factors for SIDS. Of the 20 injuries, entrapment (60%) and suffocation (35%) hazards were most common. Almost half of the injuries occurred after the co-sleeper was improperly assembled. Infant deaths and injuries associated with co-sleepers are infrequent. Most deaths were associated with other SIDS risk factors. Many deaths and injuries were associated with improper use or assembly of the co-sleeper. It is important for pediatricians to advise parents not to use previously owned co-sleepers or to use co-sleepers in any way other than what is specifically stated in the product instructions to avoid infant injury or death.
Quantitative Analysis of Development Defects to Guide Testing: A Case Study

Many quality improvement activities can be guided by defect analysis. Development defect analysis of software components can be used to guide testing with the goal of focusing on parts of the software that were fault-prone during development. We perform a case study using defect data from a large software product (medical record system). In this study, development defect data help to identify which parts of the software might profit from being tested more and earlier because they were fault-prone during development. Several testing guidelines are proposed to make system test more effective and more efficient.
Globalization and New Geographies of Conservation

Karl Zimmerer and the twelve other contributors to this edited collection have taken a critical step in a larger collective journey toward a new international conservation geography. The case studi...
Relationship Between Transformation in Bacillus subtilis and Infection by Bacteriophage SP02

When bacteriophage SP02 infects a Bacillus subtilis culture during or shortly after transformation, the frequency of transformants among the resulting lysogens is greatly reduced relative to that in the uninfected culture. The effect can occur after the deoxyribonucleic acid has been taken up and covalently attached to recipient deoxyribonucleic acid.
Differentiating recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis with the use of thallium brain imaging

2207 Objectives Differentiation of a recurrent brain tumor vs. radiation necrosis in a patient post radiation therapy can be challenging. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) provide sensitive anatomical detection of cerebral lesions, these methods are not specific in determining whether a lesion contains viable tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the significance of thallium-201 brain imaging in differentiating recurrent brain tumor from radiation necrosis. Methods Several patients from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center who had been treated with radiation therapy for cerebral lesions were reviewed. These patients had equivocal MRI or CT findings showing a mass lesion post therapy and were then referred for a thallium-201 brain scan for further clarification. Results Of the cases reviewed, a substantial number of patients were provided results that deciphered whether the patient suffered from radiation necrosis or recurrent brain tumor on the basis of the thallium-201 brain scan performed. Conclusions The use of thallium-201 brain imaging is helpful when differentiating recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis in patients post radiation therapy. This is due to the ability of thallium-201 to accurately mark viable living tumor cells indicative of recurrent tumor vs. an absence of activity representing nonviable tumor cells or necrotic tissue, in conjunction with the anatomical landmarks from the CT or MRI portion.
A Comparison of School-Based Intervention Teams: Implications for Educational and Legal Reform

This study examined the practices of school-based intervention teams. Six hundred and eighty professionals, representing 121 intervention teams from Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, participated in the study. Team members and problem identifiers (who brought at least one case to the team) completed a survey investigating (a) the nature of referrals addressed by the team, (b) perceptions of team effectiveness, (c) identification of professionals who best facilitate team problem-solving via their knowledge and communication skills, and (d) use of quality indices in intervention development and implementation. Findings revealed several positive practices by teams from all states. However, teams from Illinois displayed consistent superiority across several measures. Discussion focuses on implications for practice and educational and legal reform.
Patient Mutation Directed shRNA Screen Uncovers Novel Bladder Tumor Growth Suppressors

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of human bladder cancer has revealed many gene alterations compared with normal tissue, with most being predicted to be “loss of function.” However, given the high number of alterations, evaluating the functional impact of each is impractical. Here, we develop and use a high-throughput, in vivo strategy to determine which alterations are loss of function in tumor growth suppressors. Genes reported as altered by NGS in bladder cancer patients were bioinformatically processed by MutationTaster and MutationAssessor, with 283 predicted as loss of function. An shRNA lentiviral library targeting these genes was transduced into T24 cells, a nontumorigenic human bladder cancer cell line, followed by injection into mice. Tumors that arose were sequenced and the dominant shRNA constructs were found to target IQGAP1, SAMD9L, PCIF1, MED1, and KATNAL1 genes. In vitro validation experiments revealed that shRNA molecules directed at IQGAP1 showed the most profound increase in anchorage-independent growth of T24 cells. The clinical relevance of IQGAP1 as a tumor growth suppressor is supported by the finding that its expression is lower in bladder cancer compared with benign patient urothelium in multiple independent datasets. Lower IQGAP1 protein expression associated with higher tumor grade and decreased patient survival. Finally, depletion of IQGAP1 leads to increased TGFBR2 with TGFβ signaling, explaining in part how reduced IQGAP1 promotes tumor growth. These findings suggest IQGAP1 is a bladder tumor growth suppressor that works via modulating TGFβ signaling and is a potentially clinically useful biomarker. Implications: This study used gene mutation information from patient-derived bladder tumor specimens to inform the development of a screen used to identify novel tumor growth suppressors. This included identification of the protein IQGAP1 as a potent bladder cancer growth suppressor. Mol Cancer Res; 13(9); 1306–15. ©2015 AACR.
Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, and Other Reactive Changes of Myelopoiesis

Most changes in the white blood cell count are reactive and due to an increase or decrease of cells of the myeloid series. By definition, a leukocytosis is present if leukocytes are increased to more than 10,000/μL; in leukopenia leukocytes are below 4000/μL. Infants and small children have slightly different normal values (for the normal values of blood counts, see Appendix 3). A neutropenia is present if granulocytes are below 2000/μL, agranulocytosis if granulocytes are below 500/μL. By definition, granulocytes are increased if they are greater than 8000/ μL. In leukemoid reactions, leukocytes are increased to more than 30,000/μL. A left shift in the differential count means that the number of band forms (and other precursors such as metamyelocytes) is increased to more than 5%. In a pathological left shift, more immature precursors such as promyelocytes can be seen in the peripheral blood; this is almost always a sign of a hematological disorder.
Several hundred-fold enhanced fluorescence from single fluorophores assembled on silver nanoparticle–dielectric–metal substrate

We observed over 400-fold enhanced fluorescence from single Cy5 molecules assembled on multilayer silver nanoparticle–dielectric–metal (PDM) substrate. This substantial enhancement is due to the near-field enhanced excitation, emission, and interaction of Cy5 with plasmonic nanostructures. Experimental observation is supported by finite-element method calculations.