cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anthropology and Odontology

Forensic anthropology plays a central role in the identification of people who are not identifiable by fingerprints or photographs: Nature has taken its course. Using their knowledge of human anatomy and variation, forensic anthropologists develop biological profiles of skeletal remains and look for individualizing traits in the hopes that the victim can be identified. They also assist other investigators, such as forensic odontologists and medical examiners, to help with the interpretation of taphonomic information and trauma.
Intubated Trauma Patients Receiving Prolonged Antibiotics for Pneumonia despite Negative Cultures: Predictors and Outcomes

Abstract Background: Despite the excellent negative predictive value of sterile respiratory cultures, antibiotics often are continued after negative endotracheal aspirate (ETA) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for critically ill trauma patients. We hypothesized that persistent elevation of the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) would predict continued antibiotic therapy after a negative respiratory culture for intubated trauma patients, and that prolonged antibiotics would provide no benefit. Methods: We performed a four-year retrospective cohort analysis (May 1, 2011–September 30, 2015), including patients from our trauma database with ETA or BAL, excluding patients with any infection other than pneumonia or bacteremia. Cultures with <2+ organisms on gram stain and <2+ or 104 organisms on culture were considered negative. The CPIS was assessed at the time of culture and five days later, when all cultures were final. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of long-term antibioti...
The Contested Space of Memory: New York's 9/11 Memorial

In the weeks and months following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, New Yorkers and others began what would turn into a heated and protracted debate about the appropriate way to rebuild the space occupied by the World Trade Center and to memorialize those killed. Families of the victims, politicians, property developers, and neighborhood residents, among others, all held their own strong - and often conflicting - opinions about the rebuilding and the memorial space. This paper examines the ways in which the final memorial design, Reflecting Absence by Michael Arad and Peter Walker, negotiates the difficult task of balancing the need for intimate, personal recollection with the intensely public nature of the memorial. How effectively do the formal elements of the memorial respond to the goals outlined in the competition brief, including "recogniz[ing] each individual who was a victim of the attacks, provid[ing] a space for contemplation, creat[ing] a unique and powerful setting, and convey[ing] historic authenticity"? How does the completed memorial engage its visitors during their exploration of the site? In what ways are visitors encouraged to interact with the memorial, thus claiming, however briefly, a connection to the events that unfolded in that space? I suggest that Reflecting Absence has mixed success in addressing these elements and other critical aspects of memorial design, while recognizing that the intensely personal nature of the memorial experience resonates differently for each visitor. I also suggest that the impact of the memorial will change over time as construction of other buildings on the site is completed and as the memorial becomes a familiar part of the fabric of lower Manhattan.
Longitudinal relations among cyber, physical, and relational bullying and victimization: comparing majority and minority ethnic youth

Findings from myriad studies have shown that cyberbullying perpetration is significantly positively correlated with relational and physical bullying perpetration in youth. Furthermore, similar trends have been found for victimization type. Despite the wealth of research testing the predictors of both cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, few studies have tested whether belonging to an ethnic minority moderates these effects. The current study sampled 828 youth in the United States. All participants completed measures of cyber, relational, and physical bullying perpetration and victimization two times during the school year. We classified youth into majority (Caucasian) and minority (non-Caucasian) groups based on the ethnicity makeup of the sample. Results showed that majority participants reported less physical bullying, more physical victimization at Time 1, more cyberbullying perpetration at Time 1, more frequency cyberbullying victimization at both data collection times, and higher relational victimization at Time 1. Subsequent longitudinal grouped path model results showed that participant group status (majority vs. minority ethnicity) moderated the relation between Time 1 physical bullying and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration, the relationship between Time 1 cybervictimization and Time 2 cyberbullying, and the relationship between Time 1 relational victimization and cyber victimization We believe these results highlight the importance of testing ethnicity as a potential moderator in the literature examining predictors of both cyber bullying perpetration and victimization.
Utility of Morphological and Molecular Techniques for Determination of Paternity in Two Subspecies of Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

An experiment was conducted to determine the paternity of F1 progeny using morphological and molecular methods in Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) subspecies: Diabrotica undecimpunctata howar...
Federated identity hybrid cloud security considerations supporting first responders

Propose an architecture and policy approach to implement federated identity hybrid cloud enabling first responders. These continue to suffer lack of trusted and secure information sharing. The focus is on the architecture and methodology for federating identity to enable rapid response. The outcome drives successful outcomes in disaster response.
A Magnetic Gearbox With an Active Region Torque Density of 239 N·m/L

In this paper, a 1:4.25 ratio ferrite magnet and Nd-Fe-B magnet flux-focusing magnetic gearbox with a high pole count is analyzed. A simple parameter sweep analysis is used to show that higher than previously published torque density values are achievable. Experimental results are then presented for the Nd-Fe-B design that confirm the calculations and also demonstrate that the proposed magnetic gearbox can operate with a low torque ripple.
Chapter 43 – Water

Publisher Summary Contamination of drinking water does not simply involve contamination of water sources. The actual chemical exposures experienced by humans directly consuming the water involves interactions with the physical and chemical processes associated with the treatment and distribution of the water. Therefore, it is dangerous to treat human exposure through drinking water too simplistically. Chemicals in water present complex problems in exposure assessment. Following a brief general introduction to problems of water, this chapter focuses on the most important chemicals that are produced and may contaminate drinking water. These chemicals are a problem that is specific to the direct human uses of water. Thus, it provides a concrete example of the complexity of water as a source of human exposure to potentially toxic chemicals.
Laser Cooling and Double Resonance Spectroscopy of Stored Ions

The use of ion storage techniques for spectroscopy is motivated by the fact that ions can be confined by electric and magnetic fields for long periods of time without suffering the large perturbations which usually accompany other methods of confinement, such as those due to collisions with buffer gas molecules. Linewidths as small as a few Hz and Q’s as high as 1010 have been observed on ground-state hyperfine transitions of atomic ions stored in rf quadrupole traps [1–3]. The accuracy of these measurements has been limited largely by the second-order Doppler shift. The signal-to-noise ratios have been limited by the small number of ions that can be stored (about 105–106) and by the difficulty of detecting transitions. Hyperfine and Zeeman transitions have been detected by charge exchange [1], fluorescence [2,3], photodetachment [4], and photodissociation [5].
Investigation of Ribosomal 5S Ribonucleic Acid Solution Structure and Dynamics by Means of High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

5S rRNA, a single-chain ribonucleic acid of about 120 primary bases, is found universally in the large subunit of all but fungal and animal mitochondrial ribosomes (Erdmann and Wolters, 1986). 5S rRNA is essential for ribosomal structure, since ribosomes from which it has been removed cannot be structurally reconstituted without it (e.g., Nomura and Erdmann, 1970). 5S rRNA also appears to be essential for ribosomal function because ribosomes reconstituted with structurally intact but chemically modified 5S rRNA synthesize proteins at reduced rate (Pieler et al., 1984). As might be anticipated from the essential and universal function of 5S rRNA, its more than 350 known primary base sequences (Erdmann and Wolters, 1986) are highly conserved. Moreover, it is strongly suspected that the secondary and tertiary structure of 5S rRNA is also highly conserved, since 5S rRNA isolated from several prokaryotes (but not eukaryotes) can be reconstituted with the remaining ribosomal components from another bacterium (B. stearothermophilus) to give a ribosome which is functional for protein synthesis (Pieler et al., 1984). Finally, although the location of 5S rRNA in the large ribosomal subunit is well established (Brimacombe and Stiege, 1985), its specific function remains unknown.
Surgical Management of Abdominal Complications that Occur in the Long Term After Radiation Therapy for Malignant Lymphoma

Radiation therapy for abdominal malignant lymphoma may result in acute or chronic complications. While acute problems usually respond to nonsurgical management, long-term complications may require an operative procedure. Evaluation of the severity and extent of radiation injury, optimal preoperative preparation, and performance of surgery that considers unique features of each patient are necessary to obtain a good result. Intestinal resection and by-pass are among options requiring careful selection in surgical care. Measures toward prevention of long-term abdominal complications include (1) factors concerning delivery of irradiation and (2) identification of the best use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
A Fusidium Disease of Xylaria in Wisconsin

Fusidium parasiticum Westendorp, apparently previously unreported in the United States, has been found inciting a destructive disease of Xylaria oxyacanthae stromata at Madison, Wisconsin.The fungu...
Abstracts for the 2019 NAEMSP Scientific Assembly.

BACKGROUND The approach to managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) has generally involved either minimal on-scene resuscitation to reduce time to arrival at hospital or extended care at the scene to increase the chance of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before transport. This study compared patient outcomes across EMS agencies with respect to the duration of on-scene time. We hypothesized that EMS agencies with greater average time on-scene would have more favorable outcomes. METHODS The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) was used to identify OOHCA cases, including characteristics and outcomes. EMS agencies were included if they submitted at least 80 OOHCAs from 2013 to 2017. To study outcomes based upon culture of OOHCA management, outcomes were studied by EMS agency rather than by individual patient cases. Agencies in the top and bottom quartiles of on-scene time duration were categorized as high (HOSTAs) and low on-scene time agencies (LOSTAs), respectively. Generalized estimating equation models compared HOSTAs and LOSTAs. RESULTS We classified 89 agencies as HOSTAs (24,114 patients, average ≥25 minutes on scene) and 89 agencies as LOSTAs (37,297 patients, average <18.9 minutes on-scene). Among patients transported, HOSTAs were more likely to have a shockable rhythm (28.4% vs. 22.2%, OR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.2 to 1.5), a witnessed arrest (65.1% vs. 53.6%, OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9), and receive bystander CPR (41.9% vs. 37.0%, OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) than LOSTAs, all p < 0.001. When controlling for these and other patient characteristics, including mechanical CPR device use, HOSTAs had a higher proportion of ROSC on emergency department arrival (66.7% vs. 31.1%, OR = 4.6, 95%CI 3.5 to 6.0, p < 0.001), survival to discharge for transported patients (22.3% vs. 11.2%, OR = 2.6, 95%CI 2.0 to 3.4, p < 0.001), and good neurologic outcome among survivors (84.9% vs. 78.6%, OR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.0 to 1.7, p = 0.04) than LOSTAs. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that HOSTAs have more favorable patient outcomes compared to LOSTAs. RESULTS indicate that spending more time on-scene performing resuscitation is associated with higher rates of ROSC, survival and survival with good neurologic function.
The fear of Alzheimer's disease: mediating effects of anxiety on subjective memory complaints.

AbstractObjectives: To determine if the fear of developing Alzheimer’s disease (FDAD) construct, in combination with similar psychoemotional factors, could help elucidate the nature of older adults...
The Optimal Selling Strategy of Residential Real Estate

This paper studies three selling strategies of residential real estate: delegation to a broker, cheap talk with a broker and For Sale By Owner (FSBO). We find that if the state of the market is very uncertain and information of the market is scarce, the seller should hire a broker and delegate the decision right to the broker, even if the broker has no informational advantage. In this case, delegation may induce the broker to over-invest in information acquisition, i.e., more than what the seller would do in FSBO. If the market is certain and information is easily available, FSBO is optimal. Cheap talk, on the other hand, is never optimal, as much information is lost in the cheap-talk communication, weakening the broker’s incentive to acquire information.
Recent Trends in the Recruitment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists

Recruitment in child and adolescent psychiatry has long been a concern of the profession. The 1980 report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) identified child psychiatry as the specialty most in need of expansion. Estimates of prevalence of disorders indicate that more child and adolescent psychiatrists are required to meet the patient care needs. Although the number of residents in child and adolescent psychiatry has increased somewhat over the last ten years, it will fall far short of the GMENAC 1990 target of 9,000. Academic units need to increase the number of child and adolescent psychiatry faculty by approximately 30%. Some recommendations are presented to address continuing problems in recruitment.
Lateral charge carrier transport properties of B-10 enriched hexagonal BN thick epilayers

Neutron detectors based on B-10 enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-10BN or h-BN) epilayers have demonstrated the highest thermal neutron detection efficiency among solid-state neutron detectors at about 58%. However, many fundamental transport parameters of h-BN, including the room temperature carrier mobility, minority carrier lifetime, and surface recombination velocity, which are essential to the performance of detectors, are still unknown. We report here the carrier drift mobilities (μ) and lifetimes (τ) of both electrons and holes in h-10BN epilayers measured by using a time-of-flight (TOF) technique. Lateral photoconductive type detectors fabricated from a 65 μm thick freestanding h-10BN epilayer were utilized to carry out the TOF measurements, which revealed μe ∼ 34 cm2/V s for electrons and μh ∼ 36 cm2/V s for holes and carrier lifetimes on the order of tens of microseconds. By combining the values of μ measured from TOF with S/μ (the ratio of the surface recombination velocity to mobility) deduced directly from the bias voltage dependence of photocurrent, S for both electrons (Se ∼ 1.4 × 104 cm/s) and holes (Sh ∼ 2.7 × 103 cm/s) in h-10BN has been extracted. The determination of these important fundamental parameters (μ, τ, and S) not only provides a better understanding of the carrier dynamics and electrical transport properties of h-BN but is also valuable for further advancing the development of h-BN materials and devices.Neutron detectors based on B-10 enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-10BN or h-BN) epilayers have demonstrated the highest thermal neutron detection efficiency among solid-state neutron detectors at about 58%. However, many fundamental transport parameters of h-BN, including the room temperature carrier mobility, minority carrier lifetime, and surface recombination velocity, which are essential to the performance of detectors, are still unknown. We report here the carrier drift mobilities (μ) and lifetimes (τ) of both electrons and holes in h-10BN epilayers measured by using a time-of-flight (TOF) technique. Lateral photoconductive type detectors fabricated from a 65 μm thick freestanding h-10BN epilayer were utilized to carry out the TOF measurements, which revealed μe ∼ 34 cm2/V s for electrons and μh ∼ 36 cm2/V s for holes and carrier lifetimes on the order of tens of microseconds. By combining the values of μ measured from TOF with S/μ (the ratio of the surface recombination velocity to mobility) deduc...
Effect of patient education on palliative care knowledge and acceptability of outpatient palliative care service among gynecologic oncology patients.

11583Background: This was a randomized control trial to estimate the effect of an interventional video on improving palliative care knowledge and acceptability of outpatient services in gynecologic...
Machine Learning Based Approaches to Predict Customer Churn for an Insurance Company

Customer churn prediction plays an important role in business success for insurance companies like Markel Corporation. Each year Markel loses premium because some of their customers choose not to renew their policies. Based on the fact that the cost of attracting new customers is much greater than that of retaining existing customers, it is important for Markel to take early action to engage their customers before a policy expires. The goal in this work is to apply various machine learning methods and obtain an optimal model to predict customer churn rate. The dataset includes customer demographics features, customer behavior features, and macro environmental features. Exploratory analysis is conducted on critical features including policy length and types of coverage to draw insight about the impact of these features on the target variable – customers renew or do not renew their policies. With a large dataset, one of the main challenges is conducting feature dimension reduction and extracting important features to be used with a set of potential ML models. It turns out that the ML model with the best performance on the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric is Extremely Randomized Trees Classifier and Gradient Boosting Model. Some suggestions on additional features to be incorporated are provided in the final comments. These features will improve predictive performance for the ML model of customer churn for Markel Corporation.
Disorders of the adrenal cortex and medulla

Abstract The adrenal gland is divided up into two primary layers (cortex and medulla) with the cortex, the site of production of aldosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and the medulla, the site of catecholamine production. Adrenal pathology typically manifests as disorders of hyper- and/or hypofunction; most likely secondary to neoplastic changes (adenoma), hyperplastic conditions or responses to nonadrenal stimuli. No biochemical evaluation should be performed until the patient’s clinical presentation is evaluated to determine the best course of testing, as many adrenal disorders require a multistep process for diagnosis, for example, confirm the abnormality followed by some form of localization test to determine where lays its etiology. In addition, adrenal function testing often requires some form of inhibition or stimulation step to determine if hypo-/hyperfunction is actually occurring.
When Exclusion Criteria Are Appropriate

As hospital systems and states scrambled to develop Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) guidelines for resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic, a consensus emerged against models that categoric...
Media Portrayals of Minorities: Muslims in British Newspaper Headlines, 2001-2012

To better understand how minorities are viewed, we propose a new and more systematic procedure for measuring the standing of different groups that relies on the tone of daily newspaper headlines containing the names of minority groups. This paper assesses and accounts for the portrayal of Muslims in the British media between 2001 and 2012. We measure the positive and negative associations in headlines about Muslims, in order to compare their prevalence across time and between newspapers of different political affiliations and formats. We find that headline portrayals of Muslims and Islam have not been consistently negative since 2001. While there have been years where they have been more negative than positive, there have been more years where portrayals were net positive. In addition, there has been no overall shift in headline tone in a positive or negative direction since 2001. We find that the tone of headline coverage is significantly affected by the political leaning of the newspaper. Left newspapers are much more likely to have a net positive portrayal of Muslims than right newspapers. Portrayals are also affected by newspaper type. Tabloids are more likely to portray Muslims and Islam in a negative light than broadsheets, but the effect is smaller than that of the political leaning of the paper. Our evidence does not support the argument that the occurrence of a major terrorist event systematically renders the tone of headline coverage more negative.
Examples of Level Products Possible from Existing Assets

How do patterns of human environmental and infectious diseases respond to leading environmental changes, particularly to urban growth and change and the associated impacts of urbanization? We use HyspIRI high spatial resolution, multispectral, and multitemporal TIR data to track energy balance and energy flux characteristics for changing land covers/land uses through time to provide synoptic views of impacts on surface energy fluxes, emissivity and temperature and HyspIRI data in conjunction with spatial growth models to project land cover/land use changes in the future to assess impacts on natural and human ecosystems. We use multispectral thermal IR land cover maps at a high spatial resolution (60m) on a weekly basis for long-term validation of surface energy responses and changes in emissivity and integration of HyspIRI TIR data with spatial modeling to assess changes in land cover/land use through time and subsequent changes in thermal energy responses
A Categorical Interpretation of Landin's Correspondence Principle

Many programming languages can be studied by desugaring them into an intermediate language, namely, the simply-typed λ-calculus. In this manner Landin and Tennent discovered a “correspondence” between the semantics of definition bindings and parameter bindings such that the semantics of free identifiers becomes independent of their mode of definition.
WindSat ocean surface wind vector and sea surface temperature retrievals

WindSat is the first spaceborne fully polarimetric microwave radiometer. We describe a nonlinear optimization algorithm for WindSat wind vector and sea surface temperature retrievals. The algorithm simultaneously retrieves the atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water, sea surface temperature and the ocean surface wind vector that matches our forward model to the measured brightness temperatures. The forward model is based on parameterizations of a radiative transfer model with empirical corrections. We describe our retrieval algorithm and present analysis of retrieval performance
Live 3D TEE demonstrates and guides the management of prosthetic mitral valve obstruction.

A 43-year-old woman, with a remote history of rheumatic mitral stenosis and a St. Jude prosthetic mitral valve replacement, presented with shortness of breath and palpitations, shortly after a long flight. On admission, atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response was noted in the setting of a long history of noncompliance with her anticoagulation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated multiple laminated thrombi in the left atrial appendage. Live three-dimensional (3D) TEE confirmed this diagnosis and demonstrated an immobile posterior leaflet of the mitral prosthesis, which had direct implications in her management. She successfully underwent surgery for mitral valve replacement, left atrial appendage ligation, and a Maze procedure on the following day. The multiple thrombi within the atrial appendage were confirmed intraoperatively and pannus formation was determined to be the etiology of the leaflet immobility. (Echocardiography 2011;28:E146-E148)
KENO-NR : a Monte Carlo code for simulating 252Cf-source-driven noise measurements to determine subcriticality

The KENO-NR Monte Carlo code was developed to simulate the measurement of R([omega]) = G[sub 12]([omega])G[sub 13]([omega])/G[sub 11]([omega])G[sub 23]([omega]), a ratio of spectral densities measured by the [sup 252]Cf source-driven noise analysis (CSDNA) method for determining subcriticality. From a direct comparison of simulated and measured R([omega]), cross sections and the physical system model can be benchmarked and then used in standard criticality codes for determining k[sub eff] for a multiplying system. This procedure eliminates the dependence of the CSDNA method on the point-kinetics model and allows cross-section and geometry models to be validated for noncritical configurations. For a set of uranium cylinders (93.2 wt % [sup 235]U and 17.7-cm outer diameter) of varying height, the simulated and the measured R([omega]) values in the low-frequency limit and the prompt neutron decay constant [alpha] agreed to within 10%. These results indicate that the approach of validating a simulation of the direct experimental data should lead to improved neutronic parameters for fissile systems.
Malcode mysteries revealed [computer viruses and worms]

The author examines self-replicating code and its associated challenges, His aim is to help demystify the topic as well as stimulate new research in a frequently mistreated subject. This is not overly ambitious in a short article: despite their patina of complexity, viruses and worms are fairly straightforward. The SQL.Slammer worm of 2003, for example, spread using packets that were only 376 bytes long. Compact and simple, such threats can spread worldwide in minutes.
DIREITO A PROPRIEDADE CONTRA O DIREITO A PRIVACIDADE: DESAFIOS PARA A REDE

Este artigo analisa a Internet como instrumento, nao so sob o prisma do veiculo de comunicacao global, mas tambem como um mundo novo, um mundo que existe de forma paralela e simultânea ao mundo fisico e que funciona de forma independente deste. E neste mundo novo virtual que se estabelece uma nova realidade de relacoes juridicas, mercantis, enfim relacoes sociais como um todo. Dentro desse contexto eis que surge uma nova realidade economica. Nesse novo mundo, mais especificamente nessa nova realidade economica onde sao travadas relacoes interpessoais entre os usuarios da internet (tambem consumidores dos produtos disponiveis na rede) e os criadores dos produtos, (autores das obras literarias, artisticas) surge um conflito travado na seara dos direitos reais de propriedade e direitos autorais. A sociedade, em geral, valoriza e sobreleva os direitos autorais em detrimento do direito de uso (direito real de propriedade) e dos direitos humanos. Isto tem consequencias importantes, principalmente, quando se trata da aplicacao dos direitos de propriedade no mundo eletronico. O ponto principal desse artigo e abordar esta area de crescimento da atividade economica global, em que bilhoes de dolares estao em jogo e onde a disputa pelo poder economico e o controle de informacoes disponiveis na rede tem implicacoes importantes nao so financeiramente, mas tambem, na mesma proporcao, em relacao ao conteudo, as noticias, ao entretenimento e a expressao artistica. Assim, a liberdade de expressao, os direitos a privacidade, a expressao artistica sao confrontados com o direito a propriedade e os direitos economicos, que parecem estar a ganhar quando se trata de legislacao correlata e decisoes judiciais, favorecendo, mais uma vez, o poderio economico em prejuizo do cidadao.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in vivo. II. Population patterns among staphylococci.

Bliss, Eleanor A. (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.) and Burr M. Alter. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in vivo. II. Population patterns among staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 84:125–129. 1962—The general level of resistance to streptomycin of a sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus was increased by exposure to the antibiotic in vivo. Although a rise in the minimal inhibitory concentration of streptomycin in broth was seen infrequently, over half the cultures from treated mice showed a shift in the population pattern toward greater tolerance for the antibiotic. A similar change did not occur in staphylococci after exposure in vivo to penicillin or chlortetracycline. Except in the case of highly resistant mutants, the level of population tolerance for streptomycin appears to be related to the concentration of the antibiotic in the tissues of the host, since strains already possessed of a measure of resistance failed to gain in resistance when exposed to streptomycin in vivo. The mechanism of survival and outgrowth of the occasional highly resistant mutant is considered.
Study on the Board Level Reliability Test of Package on Package (PoP) with 2nd Level Underfill

In spite of a great success of stacked package (PoP) in the market, some reliability issues have been raised. One of them is a board level reliability evaluation of PoP with 2nd level underfill. Some customers have issued the application of 2nd level underfill for PoP to improve the reliability for drop test. Unfortunately, using the 2nd level underfill for PoP package causes reducing the reliability for thermal cycling test. Under temperature cycling test, PoP with 2nd level underfill shows early failures before 300 cycles whereas most of samples without 2nd level underfill survived over 1000 cycles. This paper discusses the optimal underfill material for PoP to achieve reliable board level performances. Various factors such as filler content, CTE, Tg and underfill dispensing pattern are considered. As a result, it is found that lower CTE & higher Tg underfill are better than other factors for temperature cycle performance. Non filler type underfill was passed 500 cycles for PoP but filler type underfill was passed 2500 cycles under the JEDEC JESD22-104C Condition G (-40'C~125'C, 1 cycle/hour). Especially one of non filler type underfill material with different dispensing pattern passed 1730 cycles without any failure. We assumed that this results caused by specific dispensing patterns & damping effect of non filler type underfill. In the drop test, most of underfill materials have better performances than no underfill case. Especially, several no filler type underfills have no failure until 400 drops.
Melanin granule shape in tissue-cultured embryonic pigment cells.

In Kurzzeitkulturen mit noch intakten embryonalen Retina-Pigmentzellen von Huhnchen sowohl als auch in Langzeitkulturen, in denen die entdifferenzierten Zellen wieder zur Pigmentbildung angeregt wurden, sind die Pigmentgranula kugelformig im Gegensatz zu den stabchenformigen in vivo.
Differentially constrained mobile robot motion planning in state lattices

We present an approach to the problem of differentially constrained mobile robot motion planning in arbitrary cost fields. The approach is based on deterministic search in a specially discretized state space. We compute a set of elementary motions that connects each discrete state value to a set of its reachable neighbors via feasible motions. Thus, this set of motions induces a connected search graph. The motions are carefully designed to terminate at discrete states, whose dimensions include relevant state variables (e.g., position, heading, curvature, and velocity). The discrete states, and thus the motions, repeat at regular intervals, forming a lattice. We ensure that all paths in the graph encode feasible motions via the imposition of continuity constraints on state variables at graph vertices and compliance of the graph edges with a differential equation comprising the vehicle model. The resulting state lattice permits fast full configuration space cost evaluation and collision detection. Experimental results with research prototype rovers demonstrate that the planner allows us to exploit the entire envelope of vehicle maneuverability in rough terrain, while featuring real-time performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The binding of arsenazo III to cell components

Abstract The Ca2+ indicator, arsenazo III, binds to subcellular fractions of rabbit skeletal muscle with sufficient affinity that in living muscle containing 1–2 mM arsenazo III, the estimated free arsenazo III concentration is only 50–200 μM; 80–90% of the bound arsenazo III is associated with soluble proteins. The binding of arsenazo III to soluble proteins decreases the optical response of the dye to Ca2+; this is due to a decrease in the affinity of the protein-bound dye for Ca2+. Approximately half of the bound arsenazo III is released from the particulate fraction and soluble proteins upon addition of 5 mM Ca2+, suggesting that the Ca-arsenazo complex has lower affinity for the protein binding sites than the free dye. The Ca2+ binding to the soluble protein fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle is attributable largely to its parvalbumin content.
Protection by antioxidants against ozone toxicity in mice.

16 Antioxidantien wurden auf ihre Schutzwirkung gegen Ozontoxizitat in Mausen gepruft. AHQ, Primaquin und EMQ waren hochwirksam, BHA, NDGA und Ascarbinsaure massig wirksam, und die ubrigen zeigten keinen nennenswerten Effekt.
Failure of Highly Immunogenic Filarial Proteins to Provide Host-Protective Immunity☆

In areas that are endemic for lymphatic filariasis, there are individuals who are parasite free and who appear not to have experienced symptoms attributable to filarial infection. These "putatively immune" individuals may recognize immunogens that could be important in host protection. We have immunoscreened expression libraries expressing epitopes encoded by filarial open reading frames and have identified three antigens that are differentially recognized by the two polar clinical groups-endemic normals and asymptomatic microfilaremics. Pre-immunization of susceptible hosts (Meriones unguiculatus) with these antigens revealed that none was able to elicit consistent host protective immunity. Our data are consistent with Waksman's conjecture that highly immunogenic antigens of parasite origin may be inappropriate candidates for prophylactic immunization.
The Relationship Between Sports-Talk Radio and Local Pro Franchises and Big-Time College Athletics

Previous research into sports-talk radio focused on the relationship between hosts and callers or examinations of audience effects and behaviors. This study looks at the mutually dependent, uneasy and sometimes contentious relationship between the hosts and the newsmakers who appear on their shows. While many of the hosts have journalism degrees and say they practice good journalism, the sources don't see it that way. For this study the author interviewed sports-talk radio personnel and the newsmakers they cover. Most of the subjects work in the area of Lawrence, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri.
Nonparametric Estimation of Raindrop Size Distributions from Dual-Polarization Radar Spectral Observations

Abstract This paper presents a method to retrieve raindrop size distributions (DSD) from slant profile dual-polarization Doppler spectra observations. It is shown that using radar measurements taken at a high elevation angle raindrop size distributions can be retrieved without making an assumption on the form of a DSD. In this paper it is shown that drop size distributions can be retrieved from Doppler power spectra by compensating for the effect of spectrum broadening and mean velocity shift. To accomplish that, spectrum deconvolution is used where the spectral broadening kernel width and wind velocity are estimated from spectral differential reflectivity measurements. Since convolution kernel is estimated from dual-polarization Doppler spectra observations and does not require observation of a clear-air signal, this method can be used by most radars capable of dual-polarization spectra measurements. To validate the technique, sensitivity of this method to the underlying assumptions and calibration error...
The significance of cyst remnants after endoscopic colloid cyst resection: a retrospective clinical case series.

Background Controversy surrounds the fate of cyst remnants after endoscopic colloid cyst resection. Objective Our study evaluated recurrence rates in patients with total endoscopic resection of colloid cysts vs those with coagulated cyst remnants. Methods Sixty-five consecutive patients and 67 procedures for endoscopic resection of colloid cysts from 1995 to 2011 were reviewed. Degree of resection was based on intraoperative assessment and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recurrence rates were compared between patients with complete resection those with coagulated cyst remnants. Results Data analysis was performed of 56 patients and 58 procedures, with no follow-up in 9 patients. All patients had MRI-defined complete resection. On intraoperative assessment, 9 procedures had coagulated remnants and 45 procedures had complete resection (4 data unknown). The overall recurrence rate was 6.89% (4/58), 33.3% (3/9) with cyst remnants, and 2.2% (1/45) with total resection (P = .0124). Maximum follow-up was 144 months (mean, 40.4 months). Mean follow-up was 66.0 months for cyst remnant cases, and 33.5 months for totally resected cases. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity. Transient morbidity included memory deficit (n = 2), aseptic meningitis (n = 1), and local wound infection (n = 1). Conclusion Endoscopic colloid cyst resection results in a low overall recurrence rate. Immediate postoperative MRI was insufficient for assessing degree of resection and was a poor predictor of recurrence. Ablation of cyst remnants rather than total removal is associated with a significantly higher rate of recurrence. The primary goal of endoscopic surgery should, therefore, be removal of all cyst contents and wall remnants.
Effects of surface microstructure on macroscopic image shading

The reflectance characteristics of materials are known to have visible effects on image shading functions. The present study quantified the light scattering distributions form roughened glass and correlated these with the microscopic surface topography. Samples were 11 silica microscope slides, roughened with commercial diamond pastes with particle sizes ranging from 4-67 m. In-plane and out-of- plane scattering measurements were made with laser light incident at 45 degrees. In-plane scattering distributions for samples illuminated with 633 nm varied significantly in their shape, but all curves were roughly centered on the specular angles. In-plane scattering distributions for 514 nm also disappearance of specular components was observed for samples whose RMS roughness just exceeded the wavelength of light. The results indicate that small changes in microscopic surface roughness can produce large changes in scattering. Evidently, surface microstructure has a pronounced effect on macroscopic appearance.
Research at the Argonne linac

A superconducting heavy-ion linac, predecessor and part of the national facility ATLAS funded this year, has been operational at Argonne for approximately three years. Even though the last resonator was only mounted a few weeks ago, the modular design of independently phased resonators has allowed partial operation and an experimental program over that period, with continually increasing capability in ion-beam species and energy. This is a short report on some of the research activities which, in short, are concerned with the various aspects of the relationships between heavy-ion-induced reactions and nuclear structure. Major interests are the structure of nuclei at high excitation, far from stability or in states of high spin near the yrast line.
Influence of Solar Magnetic Sector Structure on Terrestrial Atmospheric Vorticity

The solar magnetic sector structure has a sizable and reproducible influence on tropospheric and lower stratospheric vorticity. The average vorticity during winter in the Northhern Hemisphere north of 20 deg N latitude reaches a minimum approximately one day after the passing of a sector boundary, and then increases during the following two or three days. The effect is found at all heights within the troposphere, but is not prominent in the stratosphere, except at the lower levels. No single longitudinal interval appears to dominate the effect.
The distribution of the olfactory tracts in the bullhead catfish, Lctalurus nebulosus

Using degeneration staining methods, central projections of the olfactory tracts in the bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus were studied. Separate lesions were made of the lateral and medial olfactory tracts in an attempt to separate their zones of projection. Three major terminal fields were found: lateral, medial and central-posterior complex. Two additional minor projections were seen: interbulbar and hypothalamic. The lateral division of the olfactory tract terminates in lateral, central and hypothalamic terminal fields. The medial tract projects to lateral, medial, posterior and hypothalamic fields. All terminal fields were found bilaterally; the lateral tract partly crossing in both the anterior and habenular commissures and the medial tract in only the anterior commissure. A small interbulbar commissure was also found to contain medial tract fibers. Evidence is given to show that the anterior olfactory nucleus, if present in catfish, may be located within the olfactory bulb itself. Similarities between mammalian and teleost olfactory systems are also discussed.
Large-scale structure of deep strata beneath Kodiak shelf, Alaska

Reconnaissance seismic-refraction data suggest that the Kodiak shelf is underlain by an ancient shelf-break structural high, which we believe formed during late Paleogene time. During the late Miocene or Pliocene, the present shelf-break structures began to grow on the slope about 45 km seaward of the old high. In the central part of the shelf, between two shelf basins, the old high underlies a structural zone that is composed of numerous reverse faults; the structural zone may be due to rejuvenation of the old shelf-break high.
Space research policies in advanced and developing countries

Abstract The motivations for the conduct of space research and the development of space research policies by different constituencies and different types of countries are analyzed. Concerning space research in developing countries, four main aspects are discussed: 1. The role of space research for the achievement of “critical mass” by research groups; 2. The role of space research in higher education; 3. The identification of space research problems to which a country can make significant contributions; and 4. Multinational cooperation among developing countries in space research.
“Broken Heart Syndrome” After Separation (From OxyContin)

We describe a 61-year-old woman with "broken heart syndrome" (Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy) after abrupt postsurgical withdrawal of OxyContin. Her medical history was remarkable for long-term opioid dependence associated with the treatment of multijoint degenerative osteoarthritis. The patient presented to the emergency department 1 day after discharge from the hospital following total knee arthroplasty revision with acute-onset dyspnea and mild chest pain. She had precordial ST-segment elevation characteristic of acute myocardial infarction and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Emergency coronary angiography revealed no major coronary atherosclerosis. However, the left ventricular ejection fraction was severely decreased (26%), and new regional wall motion abnormalities typical of broken heart syndrome were noted. In addition to resuming her opioid therapy, she was treated supportively with bilevel positive airway pressure, diuretic therapy, morphine, aspirin, metoprolol, enalaprilat, intravenous heparin, nitroglycerin infusion, and dopamine infusion. Ventricular systolic function recovered completely by the fourth hospital day. To our knowledge, broken heart syndrome after opioid withdrawal has not been reported previously in an adult. Our case illustrates the importance of continuing adequate opiate therapy perioperatively in the increasing number of opioid-dependent patients to prevent potentially life-threatening complications such as broken heart syndrome.
LABORATORY DIGESTION OF PREY AND INTERPRETATION OF WALRUS STOMACH CONTENTS

A new approach for evaluating the potential biases of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) diet data derived from stomach contents was examined based on the rates at which different prey types were digested. In this study controlled digestion experiments on polychaetes, echiurid and sipunculid worms, clams, snails, and crabs demonstrated that these prey items did not remain equally identifiable during digestion. Polychaetes, echiurids, and sipunculids were the least persistent prey. All worms became unidentifiable during the six-hour digestion trials. Over 50% of the clams maintained their diagnostic tissues (i. e., foot and/or siphon). Clam viscera did not survive hour 2. Snails and crustaceans were the most persistent prey. Without a consideration of the state of digestion, a stomach sample may not accurately reflect the species composition and size of prey consumed. Volume is not a reliable measure of a prey's relative importance, as the diagnostic fragments of invertebrate prey in a stomach vary greatly in physical composition. Walruses probably consume all of the soft tissues of clams, not solely the foot and siphon.
The Voluntary Sector in Urban Communities

A range of questions about the urban voluntary sector is discussed. These questions involve the often contradictory relationships between this sector and population welfare, social structure, and economic development in US cities. The functional linkages between public, private, and voluntary sectors are also considered. Recent political claims that an increase in voluntary activity can substitute for public action are shown to be unwarranted because of the structural reliance of the voluntary sector both on the state and on the market.
A Football Coach for Bayou Sara

In this case, a recently-hired teacher is arrested for child abuse. Students are asked to review the school district's hiring process, the teacher's job application, and references to determine whether a bad hiring decision might have been avoided had the district used better hiring practices. The case is designed for a class in personnel relations or human resources management. It can also be used in a course on school law.