cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 336: A 14-3-3 Mode-1 Binding Motif Promotes Gap Junction Internalization During Acute Cardiac Ischemia

During each heartbeat, robust cell-cell electrical coupling via connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions allows billions of individual cardiomyocytes to contract in synchrony. Cx43 turns over rapidly, and altered Cx43 trafficking during disease contributes to the arrhythmias of sudden cardiac death. The overall phosphorylation status of the Cx43 protein is known to regulate gap junction coupling, but the role of many residue specific phosphorylation events remains unknown. One such residue, Ser373, forms a mode-1 14-3-3 binding motif upon phosphorylation. Given that 14-3-3 proteins are known to regulate protein trafficking, we hypothesized a role for Cx43 Ser373 phosphorylation in regulation of Cx43 gap junction coupling. Using Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts we find robust phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser373 and Ser368 after 30 min of no-flow ischemia. In human cell lines, a S373A mutation ablated Cx43/14-3-3 complexing and 35 S pulse-chase revealed Cx43 S373A also experiences a longer half-life than wild-type Cx43. Previous reports have implicated phosphorylation of Cx43 Ser368 in PKC mediated Cx43 internalization. We find that upon activation of PKC, the Cx43 S373A mutant undergoes lower and more transient levels of phosphorylation at Ser368 than wild-type Cx43. Consistent with these data, siRNA-mediated ablation of 14-3-3 expression results in enlargement of gap junction plaque formation at cell-cell borders. In conclusion, we propose that phosphorylation of Cx43 Ser373 results in 14-3-3 binding which promotes and maintains phosphorylation of Cx43 Ser368 and the subsequent internalization of gap junction channels. These results identify for the first time a specific role for 14-3-3 proteins in regulation of Cx43 internalization during acute ischemia and contribute to the development of therapies aimed at preserving or enhancing gap junction coupling in the heart.
Phrenic motor neuron loss in aged rats.

Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia in rodent models is well described in the literature; however, the relationship between sarcopenia and frank phrenic motor neuron (MN) loss is unexplored in these models...
Promoting revegetation and soil carbon sequestration on decommissioned forest roads in Colorado, USA: A comparative assessment of organic soil amendments

Abstract Forest roads are commonly decommissioned and revegetated to decrease erosion, prevent weed encroachment, manage recreation and improve overall watershed condition on federal lands, but may also provide a complementary opportunity to sequester carbon (C) in soils. Soils on decommissioned roads are typically compacted with limited capacity for water retention, decreased mineral nitrogen (N) availability and low organic matter content, impairing revegetation and soil C sequestration efforts. We evaluated the effects of an organic fertilizer, wood strand mulch and a woody biochar on soil physical, chemical and biological processes to improve revegetation and C sequestration on decompacted forest roads. We monitored plant and soil responses to the treatments and their combinations over three growing seasons on four decommissioned road segments in northern Colorado. The organic fertilizer increased plant available mineral N for the first year of the study and resulted in a 21% increase in total plant cover and 67% increase in root biomass. The wood strand mulch increased total plant cover and root biomass to a similar extent, but had no effect on soil water content or mineral N availability. Instead, mulch stimulated soil microbial respiration and increased soil C content, two of the best predictors of plant cover and biomass. The woody biochar increased soil water content by 26% and elevated mineral N availability throughout the study, but did not improve plant cover, above- or belowground biomass. Mulch, biochar and their combined treatments sequestered C, but through distinct pathways. Microbial processing of wood strand mulch added C to the mineral soil fraction, whereas biochar added C directly to the coarse particulate fraction with no effect on mineral soil C or soil respiration. Restoration practitioners can utilize these results to inform management decisions and guide further research on different rates and combinations of organic amendments to revegetate and sequester C on decommissioned forest roads.
The Logical Investigations : Paving the Way to a Transcendental Logic

This epigraph from Formal and Transcendental Logic echoes Husserl’s complaint in the foreword to the second part of volume two of the Logical Investigations about the “often heard, but to my mind grotesque reproach, that I may have rejected psychologism sharply in the first volume of my work, but that I fell back into psychologism in the second.”2 The epigraph, however, also suggests that the Investigations do not go far enough in overcoming psychologism. Only a transcendental phenomenology, it is said, suffices to overcome psychologistic prejudices. On this view, then, the “phenomenological” investigations found in the second volume of the Investigations have merely “paved the way” to the transcendental critique of all cognition found in Husserl’s mature phenomenology. This paper poses two questions: (1) Why, given the rejection of psychologism, is there need for a phenomenology? and (2) Why is there a need for a transcendental phenomenology?
“My Entire Body Was Shaking”: Consumers Respond to Wicked

This chapter turns to the consumers, analyzing depth interviews with 75 interviewees who had seen a live performance of Wicked. We enabled them to talk extensively about their experience of the show. Their responses were both broad-ranging and surprisingly consistent. From this data, we were able to draw several significant findings about why Wicked has been such a success, from consumers’ intensely personal connection with Elphaba to their emotional response to the show’s music. These findings show that Wicked provided many consumers with a soul-stirring, life-changing experience.
Is Neuroergonomic Monitoring Non-Intrusive? An Examination of Transcranial Doppler Sonography

One of the primary aims of neuroergonomic research is to identify neural and psychophysiological measures that can be used to index operator state in real time (e.g., Stephens, Scerbo, & Pope, 2012; Tripp & Warm, 2007). Such measures are desired because they may have capabilities that exceed traditional subjective and performance methods of estimating operator state.Physiological monitoring has been proffered as a remedy for the shortcomings of subjective and performance measures of operator state, because it is arguably less intrusive than subjective measures, allows for continuous measurement, and provides estimates of operator state even when performance efficiency is unobservable (Stephens et al., 2012).One area where physiological monitoring may be particularly beneficial is within tasks that require vigilance. Vigilance tasks are common within many military, industrial, and medical settings and generally require an operator to maintain attentional focus for the detection of critical events that tend...
Personality traits in action: A cognitive behavioral version of the social cognitive paradigm

Abstract Eysenck's (1983) personality paradigm was too narrow, but his goal of integrating personality trait studies with experimental psychology remains a laudable one. Personality traits are informative concerning the structure of personality, but a complete science will integrate traits with mechanisms of operation while accounting for both between-person and within-person differences. Cognitive tasks are uniquely suited to serve this integration function, particularly when they are designed to model social-emotional and behavioral processes rather than information processing achievements more narrowly considered. Following from considerations of this type, the present contribution will illustrate concrete ways in which cognitive or behavioral tasks can be used to understand both personality trait functioning and person by situation interactions as well as the sorts of processes that are likely to underlie divergent patterns of reactivity and regulation in daily life. Embracing versions of these ideas can greatly add to the explanatory side of the descriptive-explanatory divide.
Democratizing knowledge of teaching and learning through student leadership projects

ABSTRACTThe central focus of this multilayered educational action research project was three-fold: (1) to provide opportunities for public school student leadership activities grounded in participa...
Allocation to groups: Examples of Lord's paradox.

BACKGROUND Educational and developmental psychologists often examine how groups change over time. Two analytic procedures - analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the gain score model - each seem well suited for the simplest situation, with just two groups and two time points. They can produce different results, what is known as Lord's paradox. AIMS Several factors should influence a researcher's analytic choice. This includes whether the score from the initial time influences how people are assigned to groups. Examples are shown, which will help to explain this to researchers and students, and are of educational relevance. It is shown that a common method used to measure school effectiveness is biased against schools that serve students from groups that are historically poor performing. METHODS AND RESULTS The examples come from sports and measuring educational effectiveness (e.g., for teachers or schools). A simulation study shows that if the covariate influences group allocation, the ANCOVA is preferred, but otherwise, the gain score model may be appropriate. Regression towards the mean is used to account for these findings. CONCLUSIONS Analysts should consider the relationship between the covariate and group allocation when deciding upon their analytic method. Because the influence of the covariate on group allocation may be complex, the appropriate method may be complex. Because the influence of the covariate on group allocation may be unknown, the choice of method may require several assumptions.
Spontaneous Model of Sjögren's Syndrome in NOD Mice.

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model is the most widely described and validated method for investigating human primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and represents a useful model for translational studies. However, the systemic disease manifestation in NOD mice is sensitive to the housing environment, as stress modulates the immune system, so it is essential to confirm that readouts are robust, reproducible, and sensitive to known clinical treatments. This protocol describes the establishment of the spontaneous NOD model of SS and underscores the necessity of model validation to ensure that the housing environment is compatible. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study of subcritical and supercritical gas adsorption behavior in different nanopore systems in shale using lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract Adsorption has been studied for decades in either petroleum or chemical industry. However, the detailed adsorption behavior is yet not well understood in nanoporous media with complex pore structures and surface properties, especially for subcritical gases when capillary condensation might occur. Shale (mudrock) has complex pore systems as a result of heterogeneous mineralogy and diagenesis, and interparticle (interP) and intraparticle (intraP) pores are two main components. Understanding gas adsorption and phase transition behavior in different pore systems is essential for petrophysical characterization, reserve estimation and production forecast. In this study, we use lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to study nitrogen (subcritical) and methane (supercritical) adsorption behavior in reconstructed shale nanopore systems. The model accounts for the van der Walls (vdW) forces between fluid molecules by incorporating a modified pseudopotential model based on Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS). Rock-fluid interaction is also considered by introducing phenomenological surface forces, which take two different forms for subcritical and supercritical gases respectively. The correlation between parameters defined in LBM and physical properties (i.e. density, pressure, isosteric heat of adsorption) is established systematically. Using the developed model, we observe quantitative agreement between LBM and lattice density functional theory (LDFT)/experimental data in terms of adsorption isotherms and density distributions. We then compare adsorption behavior in two ‘model’ interP and intraP pore systems and a synthesized polyethylene porous medium with more complex pore shapes. We observe three adsorption stages for subcritical gas adsorption: a) early capillary condensation near grain contacts or sharp corners, forming isolated pendular rings or fluid clusters; b) growing, merging, and spreading of the isolated condensed phase, forming circular gas/liquid meniscus; c) the condensed phase becomes fully-connected across the geometry, leaving isolated gas bubbles. We observe a signature behavior for the adsorption isotherm of intraP pore system, where a stepped feature occurs around relative pressure of 0.8, and the adsorption uptake for the polyethylene porous medium is bounded by the upper and lower limits given by the interP and intraP pore systems. On the other hand, we find that supercritical methane adsorption in mesoporous media is less sensitive to pore shape, but rather controlled by the specific surface area. The existence of micropores also affects the adsorption uptake.
Revision Surgery for the Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compressive neuropathy of the upper extremity. The literature reports a general success rate of primary surgery to be around 90%. Failure can be in two forms: incomplete release resulting in failure to improve and recurrent symptoms after an initial period of symptom improvement. If revision surgery is undertaken, the entire nerve should be explored and transposed anterior to the medial epicondyle. External neurolysis should be performed if significant perineural fibrosis exists, and the triceps should be addressed if the medial head is snapping over the medial epicondyle. In the setting of perineural fibrosis, consideration should be given to nerve wrap with synthetic material or autologous vein.
Impact of Size Distribution of Cell Model on the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Saturated Porous Media

Effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium is a key thermos-physical parameter in characterizing heat transfer properties in many applications. In this study, a new cell model to predict the porous medium effective thermal conductivity is developed by treating the cells as being variables in size in relation to porosity. In the new model, the interaction of a particle with the surrounding is conceptualized as a fluid cell surrounding the particle and the particle size distribution is explicitly taken into account by the variations of cell size in the porous medium. While the fluid volume fraction varies in different cells, the total fluid volume fraction in the porous medium is required to be the same as the porosity. The developed effective thermal conductivity model is then compared with experimental data sets from the literature. The effect of cell size variations on the effective thermal conductivity of porous medium is quantified and discussed. The results demonstrate that the model that incorporates cell size variations can capture scattered experimental data in the literature. The cell size variations significantly affect the effective thermal conductivity of porous medium and the non-uniformity of cell size enhances the effective thermal conductivity.
Hydrogen Sulfide Therapy Suppresses Cofilin-2 and Attenuates Ischemic Heart Failure in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction:

Aims:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against ischemic and inflammatory injury following myocardial ischemia via induction of microRNA (miR)-21. We sought to determine whether H2S attenuates ischemi...
Enabling sustainable critical materials for battery storage through efficient recycling and improved design: A perspective

A perspective on the current state of battery recycling and future improved designs to promote sustainable, safe, and economically viable battery recycling strategies for sustainable energy storage. Recent years have seen the rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production to serve emerging markets in electric vehicles and grid storage. As large volumes of these batteries reach their end of life, the need for sustainable battery recycling and recovery of critical materials is a matter of utmost importance. Global reserves for critical LIB elements such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel will soon be outstripped by growing cumulative demands. Despite advances in conventional recycling strategies such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, they still face limitations in high energy consumption, high greenhouse gas emissions, as well as limited profitability. While new direct recycling methods are promising, they also face obstacles such as the lack of proper battery labeling, logistical challenges of inefficient spent battery collection, and components separation. Here, we discuss the importance of recovering critical materials, and how battery designs can be improved from the cell to module level in order to facilitate recyclability. The economic and environmental implications of various recycling approaches are analyzed, along with policy suggestions to develop a dedicated battery recycling infrastructure. We also discuss promising battery recycling strategies and how these can be applied to existing and future new battery chemistries.
Platelet-rich plasma, a promising adjunctive treatment for vitiligo: A case report.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that targets and destroys melanocytes, resulting in skin depigmentation.1 As a potentially highly visible condition, vitiligo may be stigmatizing and distressing for patients.2 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of platelets and growth factors and is an increasingly popular treatment for androgenetic alopecia.3 While the use of PRP to treat androgenetic alopecia has been documented, its utility in treating vitiligo is still in the initial stages of investigation.4, 5, 6 Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old male who had improvement in his vitiligo after phototherapy and PRP injections.
Naming and Non-necessity

Kripke’s examples of allegedly contingent a priori sentences include ‘Stick S is exactly one meter long’, where the reference of ‘meter’ is fixed by the description ‘the length of stick S’. In response to skepticism concerning apriority Kripke replaced the meter sentence with a more sophisticated variant, arguing that the modified example is more immune to such skepticism. The case for apriority is examined. A distinction is drawn between apriority and a broader notion, “qua-priority,” of a truth whose epistemic justification is dependent on no experience other than that required to justify belief of the deliverances of pure semantics. It is argued that Kripke’s examples are neither a priori nor qua-priori.
High-intensity interval training and essential amino acid supplementation: Effects on muscle characteristics and whole-body protein turnover

The purpose of this study was to compare the independent and combined effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and essential amino acids (EAA) on lean mass, muscle characteristics of the quadriceps, and 24-hr whole-body protein turnover (WBPT) in overweight and obese adults. An exploratory aim was to evaluate potential modulatory effects of sex. Sixty-six adults (50% female; Age: 36.7 ± 6.0 yrs; %BF: 36.0 ± 7.8%) were assigned to 8 wks of: (a) HIIT, 2 days/wk; (b) EAA supplementation, 3.6 g twice daily; (c) HIIT + EAA; or (d) control. At baseline, 4 wks, and 8 wks, total body, thigh LM and muscle characteristics were measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and B-mode ultrasound, respectively. In a subsample, changes in WBPT was measured using [N15 ]alanine. Differences between groups were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline values, followed by 95% confidence intervals on adjusted mean change scores (Δ). HIIT and HIIT + EAA improved thigh LM (Δ: +0.17 ± 0.05 kg [0.08, 0.27]; +0.22 ± 0.05 kg [0.12,0.31]) and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (Δ: +2.73 ± 0.52 cm2 [1.69,3.77]; +2.64 ± 0.53 cm2 [1.58,3.70]), volume (Δ: +54.50 ± 11.69 cm3 [31.07, 77.92]; +62.39 ± 12.05 cm3 [38.26, 86.52]), and quality (Δ: -5.46 ± 2.68a.u. [-10.84, -0.09]; -7.97 ± 2.76a.u.[-13.49, -2.45]). Protein synthesis, breakdown, and flux were greater with HIIT + EAA and EAA compared to HIIT (p < .05). Sex differences were minimal. Compared to women, men tended to respond more to HIIT, with or without EAA. For women, responses were greater with HIIT + EAA than HIIT. In overweight and obese adults, 8 weeks of HIIT, with or without EAA, improved thigh LM size and quality; EAA may enhance muscular adaptation via increases in protein turnover, supporting greater improvements in muscular size and quality.
Antithrombin And Simultaneous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy In A 15-Month-Old Patient With Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complication that occurs in 35% of patients with sepsis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in children and adults. This disorder is characterized by widespread thrombosis as well as suppressed fibrinolysis. Management includes both treatment of the underlying infection and the hematologic abnormalities that contribute to DIC and its complications. Currently, there is no consensus on a treatment algorithm for DIC in pediatric patients. We present a 15-month-old female with sepsis-induced DIC secondary to group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, who was treated …
Only a “Longish” Tail

The long tail hypothesis claims that increased Internet usage will enhance the purchase of obscure items so that, in aggregate, these obscure items will become an important, perhaps primary portion of the market. We test this hypothesis with two analyses. First, using unusually rich data on book sales, we examine the share of niche titles as Internet retailing grew from obscurity to ubiquity. Using relative measurements of concentration, as has been common, provides results contrary to the hypothesis. But we also conclude that it is inappropriate to use relative measures of concentration with these data. Using absolute measures of concentration provides results consistent with the hypothesis’ sign but not with the magnitude. Second, we use the 2011 bankruptcy of the Borders bookstore chain and the resulting sudden shutdown of all its store locations, as a natural experiment. This analysis finds a shift in sales away from the top successful titles. But the major beneficiaries are not the most obscure titles but instead some quite successful titles and some mildly obscure titles. The former is contrary to the hypothesis, and the latter supports the direction but not the size of the hypothesis. Both analyses support, at best, an enfeebled version of the long tail where the share of relatively obscure titles changes from one unimportant small value to a somewhat greater but still unimportant value. Thus, the use in the title of “longish” as a diminutive form of “long.”
Worlds Enough and Time: The Fantastic Afterlives of "To His Coy Mistress"

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Environmental emissions reduction of a preoperative evaluation center utilizing telehealth screening and standardized preoperative testing guidelines

Abstract The healthcare sector is responsible for 8.5% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. To prevent catastrophic effects of climate change, urgent reductions in GHG emissions are needed. Unnecessary preoperative testing and clinic visits contribute to excessive utilization of healthcare resources and patient travel, and addressing them may help reduce emissions. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of GHG emissions associated with pre- and post- implementation of a novel telehealth preoperative evaluation process was performed on 298 American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I-III patients undergoing elective spine surgery at Yale New Haven Hospital. Electronic health records were evaluated to determine patient health status and necessary or unnecessary preoperative tests and clinic visits. Life cycle assessment and U.S. EPA GHG calculator were used to estimate carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from preoperative testing, clinic visits, and patient commuting. GHG emissions were reduced by 8.09 kg CO2e (9.6%) per patient, from 84.52 kg CO2e pre-intervention to 76.43 kg CO2e post-intervention (p = 0.019). The largest reduction, 14.71 kg CO2e, stemmed from fewer in-person clinic evaluations. An additional reduction of 18.07 kg CO2e per patient would have been possible if clinic performance were optimized (only necessary testing performed), resulting in a total reduction of 26.16 kg CO2e (31%). A preoperative clinic using established testing guidelines and telehealth can reduce environmental emissions. With more than 40 million annual surgeries nationwide, concerted effort to reduce unnecessary testing and visits should help curtail healthcare GHG emissions.
The influence of clinical stage, race, and gender on factors which impact quality of life in multiple myeloma.

e24126Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is unique among hematologic malignancies as an incurable disease. Patients are affected long-term by the disease symptoms as well as psychological, financial...
Treatment of Clubfoot with Dynamic Supination and No Deformity: A Survey of the POSNA Membership

Purpose: Anterior tibialis tendon transfer (ATTT) is a procedure, which is used to treat recurrent clubfoot with dynamic supination, but there are a wide variety of guidelines or strategies for the procedure. In this study, members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) were surveyed in order to determine the varied methods used in the execution of ATTT. Methods: The survey was designed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey software. It …
Spinning Futures: Interrogating Feminist Pedagogy and Methodology With Speculative Fiction:

In this article, we interrogate our experiences as four women academics with two short stories written in conversation with one another: The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin, and...
Selection for Catalytic Function with Nucleic Acids

For in vitro selection of catalytic polynucleotides, each new protocol must be designed to harness the desired catalytic activity to help propel the selection process itself. This unit gives guidelines for design of in vitro selection experiments for catalytic function. It outlines several representative protocols as examples of successful selection experiments, providing a conceptual basis for the design and implementation of new selective-amplification protocols for nucleic acids.
The adult CNS retains the potential to direct region-specific differentiation of a transplanted neuronal precursor cell line

The chronic survival and differentiation of the conditionally immortalized neuronal cell line, RN33B, was examined following transplantation into the adult and neonatal rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In clonal culture, differentiated RN33B cells express p75NTR and trkB mRNA and protein, and respond to brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment by inducing c-fos mRNA. Transplanted cells, identified using immunohistochemistry to detect beta-galactosidase expression, were seen in most animals up to 24 weeks posttransplantation (the latest time point examined). Stably integrated cells with various morphologies consistent with their transplantation site were observed. In the cerebral cortex, many RN33B cells differentiated with morphologies similar to pyramidal neurons and stellate cells. In the hippocampal formation, many RN33B cells assumed morphologies similar to pyramidal neurons characteristic of CA1 and CA3 regions, granular cell layer neurons of the dentate gyrus, and polymorphic neurons of the hilar region. Identical morphologies were observed in both adult and neonatal hosts, although a greater percentage of beta-galactosidase immunoreactive cells had differentiated in the neonatal brains. These results suggest that RN33B cells have the developmental plasticity to respond to local microenvironmental signals and that the adult brain retains the capacity to direct the differentiation of neuronal precursor cells in a direction that is consistent with that of endogenous neurons.
Suppression of water intake by immune complex formation in the hypothalamus: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract Immune complex formation in the perifornical region of the hypothalamus resulted in depressed water consumption in rats, but did not consistently alter body temperature. The antibody with an unrelated antigen did not affect water consumption or body temperature. These results support the notion that immune complex reactions with the central nervous system can alter behavior.
Intramedullary spinal cord tumor resection

The authors present a case of a 27-year-old patient who presented with spastic gait and worsening difficulty walking over a 6 month period. Spinal MR imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) with associated syrinx in the cervical spine. The lesion was resected through posterior en bloc laminotomy, durotomy, and microscopic resection of the intramedullary component followed by laminoplasty reconstruction. Surgical resections with a goal of gross total resection can significantly improve overall survival and progression free survival in patients with low-grade IMSCT. The procedure is presented in an edited, high-definition format with accompanying narrative. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/Ui9bn82PtP8 .
Diffusion into new markets: evolving customer segments in the solar photovoltaics market

The US residential solar market is growing quickly, and as solar adoption diffuses into new populations, later adopters may differ significantly from earlier ones. Using a unique household-level survey dataset including 1234 adopters and 790 non-adopters from San Diego County, California, we explore differences in attitudinal and socio-economic factors for three groups: (i) adopters and non-adopters; (ii) early and more recent adopters; (iii) consumers adopting via buying or leasing. Our results suggest that adopters overall have higher incomes, are more educated, live in larger homes, and expect to stay in their homes for longer than their non-adopting peers. They also differ in their expectations of electricity retail rate changes and the impact solar could have on their home resale value. When examining differences between early and more recent adopters, we find that recent adopters are more representative of general homeowners and more politically moderate. They are also increasingly installing solar to protect against future electricity price increases and to lower electricity costs as opposed to adopting strictly for environmental reasons. Furthermore, more recent adopters differ significantly from earlier adopters in the situations that prompted them to adopt. The findings demonstrate how solar markets are evolving, reflecting changes in the underlying drivers of consumer adoption as well as innovative solar marketing strategies.
In Praise of Law Reviews (And Jargon-Filled, Academic Writing)

Many people, including many lawyers and judges, disparage law reviews (and the books that sometimes result from them) on the ground that they often deal with abstruse topics, of little interest to the bar, and are sometimes full of jargon-filled, excessively academic, and sometimes impenetrable writing. Some of the objections are warranted, but at their best, law reviews show a high level of rigor, discipline, and care; they have a kind of internal morality. What might seem to be jargon is often a product of specialization, similar to what is observed in other fields (such as economics, psychology, and philosophy). Much academic writing in law is not intended for the bar, at least not in the short-term, but that is not a problem: Such writing is meant to add to the stock of knowledge. If it succeeds, it can have significant long-term effects, potentially affecting what everyone takes to be “common sense.”
Optimizing a spontaneously contracting heart tissue patch with rat neonatal cardiac cells on fibrin gel

Engineered cardiac tissues have been constructed with primary or stem cell-derived cardiac cells on natural or synthetic scaffolds. They represent a tremendous potential for the treatment of injured areas through the addition of tensional support and delivery of sufficient cells. In this study, 1-6 million (M) neonatal cardiac cells were seeded on fibrin gels to fabricate cardiac tissue patches, and the effects of culture time and cell density on spontaneous contraction rates, twitch forces and paced response frequencies were measured. Electrocardiograms and signal volume index of connexin 43 were also analysed. Patches of 1-6 M cell densities exhibited maximal contraction rates in the range 305-410 beats/min (bpm) within the first 4 days after plating; low cell density (1-3 M) patches sustained rhythmic contraction longer than high cell density patches (4-6 M). Patches with 1-6 M cell densities generated contractile forces in the range 2.245-14.065 mN/mm3 on days 4-6. Upon patch formation, a paced response frequency of approximately 6 Hz was obtained, and decreased to approximately 3 Hz after 6 days of culture. High cell density patches contained a thicker real cardiac tissue layer, which generated higher R-wave amplitudes; however, low-density patches had a greater signal volume index of connexin 43. In addition, all patches manifested endothelial cell growth and robust nuclear division. The present study demonstrates that the proper time for in vivo implantation of this cardiac construct is just at patch formation, and patches with 3-4 M cell densities are the best candidates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of recharge and evapotranspiration as hydraulic drivers of ion concentrations in shallow groundwater on Everglades tree islands, Florida (USA)

Recently, evapotranspiration has been hypothesized to promote the secondary formation of calcium carbonate year-round on tree islands in the Everglades by influencing groundwater ions concentrations. However, the role of recharge and evapotranspiration as drivers of shallow groundwater ion accumulation has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to develop a hydrologic model that predicts the chloride concentrations of shallow tree island groundwater and to determine the influence of overlying biomass and underlying geologic material on these concentrations. Groundwater and surface water levels and chloride concentrations were monitored on eight constructed tree islands at the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA) from 2007 to 2010. The tree islands at LILA were constructed predominately of peat, or of peat and limestone, and were planted with saplings of native tree species in 2006 and 2007. The model predicted low shallow groundwater chloride concentrations when inputs of regional groundwater and evapotranspiration-to-recharge rates were elevated, while low evapotranspiration-to-recharge rates resulted in a substantial increase of the chloride concentrations of the shallow groundwater. Modeling results indicated that evapotranspiration typically exceeded recharge on the older tree islands and those with a limestone lithology, which resulted in greater inputs of regional groundwater. A sensitivity analysis indicated the shallow groundwater chloride concentrations were most sensitive to alterations in specific yield during the wet season and hydraulic conductivity in the dry season. In conclusion, the inputs of rainfall, underlying hydrologic properties of tree islands sediments and forest structure may explain the variation in ion concentration seen across Everglades tree islands. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Democracy—Unleashing the Power of “We”

An obvious goal of adult learners is to find their own voice, to be heard in rational discourse with their peers, and to gain control over the day-to-day decisions that affect their lives. This chapter asks how doctoral students can be partners with faculty in charting the direction of their academic pursuits.
The Middle West: Corn Belt and Industrial Belt United

This paper takes as its starting point James “Pete” Shortridge's The Middle West: Its Meaning in American Culture to analyze the region's historical development. For Shortridge, national changes in the early twentieth century had enormous consequences for the region. National discomfort with the high rates of urbanization, industrialization, and immigration was managed in part by splitting the Midwest into two seemingly very different regions, one more western and agricultural/pastoral (Corn Belt) and the other more eastern and industrial (Industrial Belt). I argue that healing this split is the key to region's future development. During the Midwest's early expansionist period agriculture and industry were closely tied and mutually beneficial. Their ties and locations remained and remain close, despite a rhetoric of distance and difference. As both Corn and Industrial Belts face ongoing demographic and economic decline, resurrecting their linkages and using them as a way of reinventing American landscape ...
Forcefield_PTM: Ab Initio Charge and AMBER Forcefield Parameters for Frequently Occurring Post-Translational Modifications

In this work, we introduce Forcefield_PTM, a set of AMBER forcefield parameters consistent with ff03 for 32 common post-translational modifications. Partial charges were calculated through ab initio calculations and a two-stage RESP-fitting procedure in an ether-like implicit solvent environment. The charges were found to be generally consistent with others previously reported for phosphorylated amino acids, and trimethyllysine, using different parametrization methods. Pairs of modified structures and their corresponding unmodified structures were curated from the PDB for both single and multiple modifications. Background structural similarity was assessed in the context of secondary and tertiary structures from the global data set. Next, the charges derived for Forcefield_PTM were tested on a macroscopic scale using unrestrained all-atom Langevin molecular dynamics simulations in AMBER for 34 (17 pairs of modified/unmodified) systems in implicit solvent. Assessment was performed in the context of seconda...
Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes.

Pollution prevention (P2) options to reduce styrene emissions, such as new materials and application equipment, are commercially available to the operators of open molding processes. However, information is lacking on the emissions reduction that these options can achieve. To meet this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, working in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute, measured styrene emissions for several of these P2 options. In addition, the emission factors calculated from these test results were compared with the existing EPA emission factors for gel coat sprayup and resin applications. Results show that styrene emissions can be reduced by up to 52% by using controlled spraying (i.e., reducing overspray), low-styrene and styrene-suppressed materials, and nonatomizing application equipment. Also, calculated emission factors were 1.6-2.5 times greater than the mid-range EPA emission factors for the corresponding gel coat and resin application. These results indicate that facilities using existing EPA emission factors to estimate emissions in open molding processes are likely to underestimate actual emissions. Facilities should investigate the applicability and feasibility of these P2 options to reduce their styrene emissions.
A New Model for Student Support in High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools Effects on Elementary and Middle School Academic Outcomes

Efforts to support children in schools require addressing not only academic issues, but also out-of-school factors that can affect students’ ability to succeed. This study examined academic achievement of students participating in City Connects, a student support intervention operating in high-poverty elementary schools. The sample included 7,948 kindergarten to fifth-grade students in a large urban district during 1999–2009. School- and student-level treatment effects on report card grades and standardized test scores in elementary through middle school were estimated. Propensity score methods accounted for pre-intervention group differences. City Connects students demonstrated higher report card scores than comparisons and scored higher on middle school English language arts and mathematics tests. This study provides evidence for the value of addressing out-of-school factors that impact student learning.
Evolution of olivine lattice preferred orientation during simple shear in the mantle

ARTICLE I NFO Understanding the variation of olivine lattice preferred orientation (LPO) as a function of shear strain is important for models that relate seismic anisotropy to the kinematics of deformation. We present results on the evolution of olivine orientation as a function of shear strain in samples from a shear zone in the Josephine Peridotite (southwest Oregon). We find that the LPO in harzburgites re-orients from a pre-existing LPO outside the shear zone to a new LPO with the olivine (100) maximum aligned sub-parallel to the shear direction between 168% and 258% shear strain. The strain at which (100) aligns with the shear plane is slightly higher than that observed in experimental samples, which do not have an initial LPO. While our observations broadly agree with the experimental observations, our results suggest that a pre-existing LPO influences the strain necessary for LPO alignment with the shear direction. In addition, olivine re-alignment appears to be dominated by slip on both (010)(100) and (001)(100), due to the orientation of the pre-existing LPO. Fabric strengths, quantified using both the J- and M-indices, do not increase with increasing shear strain. Unlike experimental observations, our natural samples do not have a secondary LPO peak. The lack of a secondary peak suggests that subgrain rotation recrystallization dominates over grain boundary migration during fabric re-alignment. Harzburgites exhibit girdle patterns among (010) and (001) axes, while a dunite has point maxima. Combined with the observation that harzburgites are finer grained than dunites, we speculate that additional phases (i.e., pyroxenes) limit olivine grain growth and promote grain boundary sliding. Grain boundary sliding may relax the requirement for slip on the hardest olivine system, enhancing activation of the two easiest olivine slip systems, resulting in the (010) and (001) girdle patterns. Overall, our results provide an improved framework for calibration of LPO evolution models.
"Some People Even Died": Martin Luther King, Jr, the Civil Rights Movement and the Politics of Remembrance in Elementary Classrooms.

This article examines the interpretive practices and cultural texts that shape what teachers and students remember and forget during the annual observance of the King holiday in two second‐grade classrooms. Drawing on data from an ethnographic case study of the curriculum in use and theory and research on collective memory, the author analyzes the contest between two commemorative narratives, one focused on King’s boyhood experiences of discrimination and his advocacy of non‐violent protest to end segregation, the other on remembering discriminatory practices in the South and the violence perpetrated by Whites against civil rights protestors. After discussing the nature of mnemonic socialization in these classrooms and the consequences of this struggle over collective memory for students, the paper concludes with a call to reconceptualize classrooms as ‘critical mnemonic workspaces’ where teachers and students are able to draw on a diversity of cultural resources for remembering multiple, even contradicto...
Electron nuclear double resonance studies on heme proteins: Determination of the interaction of Fe3+ with its ligand nitrogens in metmyoglobin

Abstract The electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectrum from the imidazole and the four heme nitrogens was obtained in a frozen solution of metmyoglobin. Values for the hyperfine and quadrupole interaction constants along the symmetry axis of the heme were determined.
The Incidence and Consequences of Barotrauma in Fish in the St. Lawrence River

Abstract Barotrauma is increasingly being recognized as a serious conservation and management issue in catch-and-release fisheries. Barotrauma results from decompression that can cause physiological alterations and physical injuries. During the summers of 2007 and 2008, we angled for fish in the St. Lawrence River to determine the incidence of barotrauma injuries and the related mortality rates. An angler survey was also conducted in 2008. A total of 212 fish were caught at depths ranging from 1 to 21 m. Sixty-three fish (30%) showed signs of barotrauma, 99% of these being smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, walleyes Sander vitreus, and yellow perch Perca flavescens. These three species represented 77% of all the fish caught and, excluding round goby Neogobius melanostomus, represented 94% of the fish caught at depths greater than 6 m. Signs of barotrauma were bloating (89%), loss of equilibrium (66%), stomach eversion (62%), bulging eyes (18%), hemorrhaging in the eyes and fins (12%), and anal eversion...