cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radial-Basis Function Networks

This chapter deals with a special class of artificial neural networks (ANNs) called radial-basis function (RBF) networks. These networks derive their structure and interpretation from the theory of interpolation in multidimensional spaces, and have a mathematical foundation imbedded in regularization theory for solving ill-conditioned problems. Such networks, almost invariably, consist of three layers — a transparent input layer, a hidden layer with sufficiently large number of nodes, and an output layer. As their name implies, radially symmetric basis functions are used as activation functions of hidden nodes. The networks are organized so that transformations at the hidden units are equivalent to a set of functions that form a basis allowing input patterns to be mapped into output patterns. The number of units in the hidden layer, therefore, needs to be sufficiently large so as to span the space in which the interpolation is being performed. A careful design is required to prevent the hidden layer of an RBF network from becoming too large as that can lead to over-fitting.
Professional socialization in pharmacy: A cross-sectional analysis of dominant value characteristics of agents and objects of socialization

Abstract This paper presents the findings resulting from one portion of a broad study relating to the socialization of pharmacy students. Of specific interest in this component of the study was an analysis of the values demonstrated by the objects and agents of socialization in pharmacy on the Study of Values . The Study of Values was administered to preceptors and faculty persons in pharmacy and students representing four academic class levels. It was found that the socialization process in pharmacy does not alter the value structuring of student groups in terms of movement away from or toward those values held by preceptors and faculty. Independent differences between preceptors and students on the AESTHETIC, SOCIAL and RELIGIOUS value scales were detected. Furthermore, preceptors differed from faculty on their response to the SOCIAL value scale. However, these differences did not seem to contribute to a differential socialization pattern among students.
Validation and fine mapping of a QTL for ovulation rate on swine chromosome 3.

Summary Ovulation rate (OR) is an important component of litter size, but mutation(s) in gene(s) underlying OR QTL have yet to be identified in pigs. Markers within an OR QTL on SSC3 were genotyped in three white composite lines selected for ten generations for increased OR or uterine capacity (UC), with one line being an unselected control. Numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and UC (number of fully formed fetuses) were collected at approximately 105 days of gestation, as well as ovary weight (OW), uterine length (UL) and uterine weight (UW) measurements at 160 d of age in generation 12 and 13 females from all three lines. Six microsatellites and ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 0–42 cM) were genotyped in pigs from all lines of generations 11 through 13. The allele frequencies of 24269.1, SW2429, 7907.2 and 7637.2 were different (P < 0.01) in the OR line compared to the control line. A significant (P < 0.05) association of CL with 24269.1 (additive effect 0.65 ± 0.32) was detected, and additive genotypic effects approached significance for markers at 28 through 35 cM (16963.2, 27514.1 and SWR1637). Haplotyping of 7637.2 and 16963.2 (31 through 32 cM) identified a significant additive association of haplotype 1 with CL (−0.62 ± 0.30). These markers were also associated with OW (24296.1 and SWR1637), UL (16963.2, 27514.1 and haplotypes of 7637.2/16963.2) and UW (haplotypes of 7637.2/16963.2). This study verifies an OR QTL on SSC3. However, based on the data, it was concluded that there may be two genes, at 13 through 18 cM and 28 through 35 cM, controlling OR on SSC3p.
Neural network approximation and estimation of functions

Approximation and estimation bounds were obtained by Barron (see Proc. of the 7th Yale workshop on adaptive and learning systems, 1992, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.39, pp.930-944, 1993 and Machine Learning, vol.14, p.113-143, 1994) for function estimation by single hidden-layer neural nets. This paper highlights the extension of his results to the two hidden-layer case. The bounds derived for the two hidden-layer case depend on the number of nodes T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/ in each hidden-layer, and also on the sample size N. It is seen from our bounds that in some cases, an exponentially large number of nodes, and hence parameters, is not required.
Bacteriophage Tail Components: III. Use of Synthetic Pteroyl Hexaglutamate for T4D Tail Plate Assembly

The assembly of T4D tail plates occurring during in vitro complementation reactions was found to be stimulated by pteroyl hexaglutamate. Neither the pteroyl pentaglutamate nor the pteroyl heptaglutamate substituted for the hexaglutamate. A small stimulation of the rate and amount of T4D tail plate assembly was observed in untreated extracts. A greater stimulation occurred when activated charcoal-treated bacterial extracts were used. Charcoal treatment inhibited complementation only when no preformed tail plates were present in the extracts, and the inhibition was reversed by the addition of 9 x 10(-6)m chemically synthesized pteroyl hexaglutamate. The stimulation is apparently due to a requirement for the pteroyl hexaglutamate for tail plate assembly.
Peacekeeping: Post–Mortems or Previews?

Boyd, James M. United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations: A Military and Political Appraisal. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971. xv + 261 pp. Fabian, Larry L. Soldiers Without Enemies: Preparing The United Nations for Peacekeeping. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1971. 315 pp. Harbottle, Michael. The Blue Berets. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1972. 157 pp. James, Alan. The Politics of Peace-Keeping. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1969. 452 pp.
Third-Degree Burns Incurred as a Result of Interferential Current Therapy

As an ancillary part of physical therapy, ice, heat, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and interferential currents are often used as nonpharmacological modalities to treat pain and reduce edema. Although medical electrical stimulation devices are touted as having few side effects, cutaneous irritation, contact dermatitis, and burns have been noted. The following article describes a patient who incurred third-degree burns in an area treated with interferential currents.
Derrida and connectionism: différance in neural nets

Abstract A possible relation between Derrida's deconstruction of metaphysics and connectionism is explored by considering differance in neural nets terms. First differance, as the crossing of Saussurian difference and Freudian deferral, is modeled and then the fuller ‘sheaf of differance is taken up. The metaphysically conceived brain has two versions: in the traditional computational version the brain processes information like a computer and in the connectionist version the brain computes input vector to output vector transformations non‐symbolically. The ‘deconstructed brain’ neither processes information nor computes functions but is spontaneously economical.
Do hospital visitors wash their hands? Assessing the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer in a hospital lobby

Background Reports regarding hand hygiene compliance (HHC) among hospital visitors are limited. Although there is an implicit assumption that the availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizer (AHS) promotes visitor HHC, the degree of AHS use by visitors remains unclear. To assess AHS use, we observed visitor HHC and how it is affected by visual cues in a private university hospital. Methods Using an observational controlled study, we tested 3 interventions: a desk sign mandating all visitors to use AHS, a free-standing AHS dispenser directly in front of a security desk, and a combination of a freestanding AHS dispenser and a sign. Results HHC was 0.52% at baseline and did not improve significantly when the desk sign was provided as a cue 0.67% ( P = .753). However, HHC did improve significantly with use of the freestanding AHS dispenser (9.33%) and the sign and dispenser combination (11.67%) ( P Conclusions Hospital visitors represent an important factor in infection prevention. A coordinated effort is needed to increase visitor HHC, including an evaluation of the AHS placement, education of visitors on the importance of HHC, and evaluation of corresponding changes in hand hygiene behavior.
Themal spray and adhesive bonding of optical fibres to high‐temperature compsie materials

Microstructural characteristic were identified for three surface-mounted optical fibre sensors which were thermal spray bonded to high-temperature composite materials. The primary objective was to determine the defect generation mechanisms that occur during thermal cycling and to make processing and testing recommendations that would optimise the sensor performance. A second objective was to identify areas of microstructural research that would have the most significant impact on the development of high-temperature smart materials. The smart material systems of the present study were comprised of (1) silica optical fibre sessors bonded to titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using a nickel-based thermal spray, (2) silica optical fibre sensors bonded to TMCs using ceramic cement and (3) sapphire optical fibre sensors bonded to titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using a nickel-based thermal spray, (2) silica optical fibre sensors bonded to TMCs using ceramic cement and (3) saphire optical fibre sensors bonded to carbon–carbon composites (CCCs) using ceramic cement. The thermal and prior to any thermal stresscycling. In combination with the non-metallic spheroidal inclusions of the titanium matrix, the microcracking provided a mechanism for disbonding the optical fibres with a subsequent loss of sensor performance. A high degree of kporosity in both systems containing ceramic cements significantly reduced the interfacial bonding area. This, combined with the inherent ceramic brittleness, caused disbonding of the optical fibres in the cemented systems.
Experimental measurements and modeling of transient heat transfer in forced flow of He II at high velocities

Abstract An experiment has been built to study heat transfer in forced flow of He II at flow velocities up to 22 m/s. The main part of this experiment is a 10 mm ID, 0.86 m long straight test section instrumented with a heater, thermometers and pressure transducers. The high flow velocities allow clear observation of the effects of the forced convection, counterflow heat transfer and the Joule–Thomson effect. A numerical model based on the He II energy conservation equation and including pressure effects has been developed to compare with the experimental results. The model works well for low flow velocities where the heat flux is primarily driven by the temperature gradient and for high flow velocities where the heat flux is primarily driven by the pressure gradients. In the intermediate velocity region, discrepancies between the model and experiment may result from an inappropriate representation of the heat flux by counterflow when the temperature and pressure gradients have an effect of similar magnitude on the heat flux.
Managing the effects of culture shock and sojourner adjustment on the expatriate industrial sales force

Abstract This study reviews the considerations involved in employing an expatriate industrial sales force and then explores the nature of culture shock and sojourner adjustment in terms of their impact on expatriate sales performance and turnover. Managerial actions for enhancing expatriate performance and reducing turnover are suggested.
The Arctic air-sampling network in 1980☆

INTRODUCTION number, too brief, and too widely separated to properly validate the improbable phenomenon of air In 1977, the first step toward a coordinated, systematic pollution in the Arctic. To remedy this, scientists from study of Arctic air chemistry was taken with the seven countries met in April 1977 at the Norwegian formation of the Arctic Air-Sampling Network (Rahn, Institute for Air Research in Lillestram, Norway to 1978). Although earlier studies in various parts of the establish the network. The result was a loose conArctic had shown the presence of more pollutionfederation of parties interested in the Arctic derived aerosol than was expected, they were too few in atmosphere, with four basic principles of coordination:
Ultraviolet Light-Induced Heterokaryon Formation and Parasexuality in Cryphonectria parasitica

Rizwana, R., and Powell, W. A. 1995. Ultraviolet light-induced heterokaryon formation and parasexuality in Cryphonectria parasitica. Experimental Mycology 19, 48-60. The effect of ultraviolet-light on heterokaryon formation, vegetative compatibility, and parasexuality in Cryphonectria parasitica was examined. Heterokaryons of complementary auxotrophic strains could not be made by hyphal anastomosis if the strains belonged to different vegetative compatibility groups. Protoplast fusions overcame incompatibility of strains differing in the alleles of a single but not multiple vegetative incompatibility loci. Fusion of protoplasts from ultraviolet light-treated complementary auxotrophs increased heterokaryon formation by 104 to 105 using the strains differing in alleles of a single vegetative incompatibility gene but had no detectable effect on strains differing in multiple vegetative incompatibility genes. Vegetative compatibility tests of single conidial isolates resolved from these heterokaryons suggest that diploids had formed followed by the loss of one of the VIC alleles. Presence of both auxotrophic markers in some of these single conidial isolates confirms the occurrence of a parasexual cycle. These experiments demonstrate that ultraviolet-light can enhance heterokaryon formation and parasexuality in C. parasitica .
Western Water Resources: Coming Problems and the Policy Alternatives

This quote from the book leads one to speculate as to what will happen to water policy in these times of increased concern for reducing federal spending, for more reliance on state and local governments as opposed to the federal government, and for more reliance on the private sector as opposed to any level of governmental control. Remembering that a wrenching debate preceded deregulation of oil and other energy prices, what are the opportunities for deregulation in the water resources field? Western Water Resources consists of the proceedings of a symposium held in Denver in September 1979 and Hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. As in any conference, there is, in addition to the organized substantive content of the papers, a mixture of the clever and the banal, peppered with some humor and chit-chat. Among the contributors are economists, including Charles Howe, Allen Kneese, Emery Castle, and Kenneth Boulding; legal scholars, such as George Radosevich and Frank Trelease; and political figures, such as Scott Matheson, Governor of Utah, Guy Martin, former Assistant Secretary for Land and Water Resources of the Department of the Interior, and Leo Eisel, former Director of the Water Resources Council. Some papers are followed by a discussion from commentors.
Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Hydrated Lime Aerosol Particles

The reaction of the greenhouse gas, CO2, with Ca(OH)2 was explored using single-particle Raman spectroscopy to track the chemical reaction. Single particles were levitated in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to maintain the particle in a laser beam. The levitation voltage provided gravimetric data. The humidity in the EDB chamber was varied to determine the effects of humidity on the reaction. It is demonstrated that no appreciable reaction occurs at low relative humidities (RH 70%) the Raman spectrum of CaCO3 developed as the reaction proceeded. The results are consistent with results from packed-bed studies of the reaction and are in agreement with similar findings for the SO2/Ca(OH)2 reaction used for desulfurization, that is, the reaction does not proceed until multiple monolayers of water are adsorbed on the particle surface.
Effects of Simulated Nuclear Thermal Pulses on Fiber Optic Cables

The effects of pulsed thermal radiation on fiber optic cables with a variety of jackets (polyurethane, PVC, fluorocarbon) are presented. Exposure between 27 and 85 cal/cm2 did not sever the optical fibers, but the radiation did cause disintegration of the jackets and the Kevlar strength members, which resulted in a significant reduction of the cable's ability to survive mechanical stress. Hardening techniques are discussed. The addition of low absorptance materials (white Teflon tape and aluminum foil) under clear or white Teflon jackets prevented some types of cables from being affected at fluences up to 110 cal/cm2.
Role of hydrophobic mutations on the binding affinity and stability of blood coagulation factor VIIIa: a computational molecular dynamics and free-energy analysis.

Abstract Factor VIIIa is a non-covalently bound hetero-trimer among A1, A2 and A3–C1–C2 domains and an essential co-factor for factor IXa enzyme during proteolytic activation of factor X zymogen. The relatively weak interactions between A2 and the interface A1/A3 domains dampen the functional stability of FVIIIa in plasma and results in rapid degradation. We studied the mutational effect of three charged residues (Asp519, Glu665 and Asp666) to several hydrophobic residues by molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the binding free energy by MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA methods shows that the mutation of Asp519 and Glu665 residues to either Val or Ala enhance the A2 domain binding affinity in agreement with the experimental site-specific mutagenesis data. Mutation of Asp666 to Val, Tyr, Met and Phe showed largest improvement in the A2-domain binding among the eight hydrophobic mutants studied. Our studies suggest that the enrichment of hydrophobic interactions in the buried surface regions of A2 domain plays crucial role in improving the overall stability of FVIIIa.
Synthesis of 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-l-serine (xylosylserine) andO-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-l-serine (galactosylxylosylserine) and use of the synthetic products for detection of galactosyltransferase I activity in rat liver

3-O-β-d-Xylopyranosyl-l-serine (xylosylserine) was synthesized by the following three-step procedure: 1) 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-α-d-xylopyranosyl bromide (benzobromoxylose) was condensed withN-carbobenzoxy-l-serine benzyl ester using the silver triflate-collidine complex as promoter; 2) theN-carbobenzoxy and benzyl ester groups in the resultant glycoside were cleaved by transfer hydrogenation with palladium black as catalyst and ammonium formate as hydrogen donor; and 3) the benzoyl groups were removed with methanolic ammonia. Xylosylserine was obtained in an overall yield of 70%.
Sequential Decision Making Algorithms for Port of Entry Inspection: Overcoming Computational Challenges

Following work of Stroud and Saeger and Anand et al., we formulate a port of entry inspection sequencing task as a problem of finding an optimal binary decision tree for an appropriate Boolean decision function. We report on new algorithms that are more efficient computationally than those presented by Stroud and Saeger and Anand et al. We achieve these efficiencies through a combination of specific numerical methods for finding optimal thresholds for sensor functions and a novel binary decision tree search algorithm that operates on a space of potentially acceptable binary decision trees.
Ab-initio computations of electronic and transport properties of wurtzite aluminum nitride (w-AlN)

Abstract We report findings from several ab-initio, self-consistent calculations of electronic and transport properties of wurtzite aluminum nitride (w-AlN). Our calculations utilized a local density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of Gaussian orbitals (LCGO). Unlike some other density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we employed the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams' method, enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF). The BZW-EF method verifiably leads to the minima of the occupied energies; these minima, the low laying unoccupied energies, and related wave functions provide the most variationally and physically valid density functional theory (DFT) description of the ground states of materials under study. With multiple oxidation states of Al (Al 3+ to Al) and the availability of N 3− to N, the BZW-EF method required several sets of self-consistent calculations with different ionic species as input. The binding energy for (Al 3+ & N 3−) as input was 1.5 eV larger in magnitude than those for other input choices; the results discussed here are those from the calculation that led to the absolute minima of the occupied energies with this input. Our calculated, direct band gap for w-AlN, at the Γ point, is 6.28 eV, in excellent agreement with the 6.28 eV experimental value at 5K. We discuss the bands, total and partial densities of states, and calculated, effective masses.
Keratitis caused by an unusual fungus, Phoma species.

Purpose.To describe the histopathologic profile of a case of keratitis caused by Phoma species and to evaluate the role of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of this unusual fungal infection.Methods.Clinical information was extracted after a review of the medical records of a 72-year-old man
Proinflammatory cytokines interact synergistically with epidermal growth factor to stimulate PGE2 production in amnion-derived cells.

Recent evidence has implicated cytokines and growth factors in the initiation of parturition in women. In the present study, the amnion-derived cell line WISH was used to determine whether proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor) could amplify epidermal growth factor-induced prostaglandin E2 production. WISH cells were preincubated with cytokines (0.0001–10 ng/ml) for 60 min and then challenged with EGF (10 ng/ml) for 4 hrs after which PGE2 production was measured by radioimmunoassay. EGF, IL-1β and TNF-α alone caused a dose-dependent increase in PGE2 production, while IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF were ineffective over the dose range tested. When cells were preincubated with IL-1β or TNF-α, there was a dose-dependent potentiation of EGF-induced PGE2 production that was greater than the sum of EGF alone and IL-1β or TNF-α alone. In each case, the minimum dose of IL-1β or TNF-α which amplified EGF-induced PGE2 production was 0.1 ng/ml (p < 0.05, Student's t-test). These data show that low concentrations of IL-1β or TNF-α may serve to amplify EGF-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis in amnion-derived cells and suggest that cytokines may modulate EGF function in responsivecells.
Release of acetylcholinesterase by cultured spinal cord cells

The release of acetylcholinesterase from neurons was studied using cultured chick-embryo spinal-cord cells. Cells dissociated from 12-day-old chick-embryo spinal cords were grown in culture for 10–12 days. Numerous well differentiated spinal neurons were found after 7–10 days in culture. Acetylcholinesterase activity per dish increased by 60-fold from days 2–12. Acetylcholinesterase was released into the surrounding media by the cells when they were incubated either in the standard culture medium or the serum-free medium. Acetylcholinesterase release was significantly reduced when protein synthesis and microtubules were disrupted by cycloheximide and colchicine, respectively. Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase indicated that the synthesis and release of acetylcholinesterase are attributable to neurons. Cultured chick-embryo brain and neuroblastoma cells also released acetylcholinesterase into the media. These results are discussed with regard to possible physiological roles for acetylcholinesterase secretion from neurons.
Thallium redistribution: Mechanisms and clinical utility

Thallium-201 is widely used as a myocardial imaging agent in conjunction with other clinical studies for the detection of coronary artery disease. Despite its clinical utility, its kinetic behavior in biological tissue is not fully understood. It is known that the initial distribution of thallium is closely related to regional blood flow. In addition, studies performed in vivo , in a heart organ culture model independent of flow, indicate that accumulation of 201 TI by myocardium is practically unaffected by ischemic-like insults until cell death occurs. Accordingly, defects on initial 201 TI images may be related to reduced blood flow and/or myocardial infarct or scar. When thallium images are performed serially over time, defects related to ischemic and/or underperfused myocardium will usually resolve whereas those related to myocardial infarction or scar persist. This appearance of fillingin of ischemic defects has been called "redistribution." This term may be somewhat misleading since the apparent filling-in of such defects is not only related to accumulation of 201 TI in the ischemic defects but also to release and washout of thallium from the normally perfused zones. This serial change in 201 TI myocardial distribution over time is best understood by considering the following points: 1) 201 TI extraction by viable myocardium is efficient and nearly equivalent in ischemic or nonischemic myocardium. 2) 201 TI concentration in viable myocardium depends upon the blood level of thallium to which it is exposed and to the concentration gradient which the viable cells can maintain. 3) Blood activity rapidly falls after the intial pass, as thallium is distributed to the multiple organ beds and later blood activity clears slowly as determined by excretion. 4) Since delivery of 201 TI to ischemic or underperfused myocardium is limited due to reduced blood flow, this tissue will require a longer time to reach its peak level than will the nonischemic tissue. 5) The thallium level in ischemic myocardium at its peak will be equivalent to that of the nonischemic myocardium at the same time and will subsequently remain equivalent to nonischemic myocardial activity and parallel to blood activity. These observations suggest that 201 TI would be an ideal agent for clinical application. Indeed, 201 TI myocardial imaging is widely recognized as a valuable clinical tool in detecting coronary artery disease and distinguishing between nonischemic, ischemic but viable, and infarcted myocardium.
Inflammatory Pap Smears in Adolescents: When Should they be Repeated?

Background Papanicolaou (Pap) smears are a routine method of determining gynecological health in sexually active adolescents. Guidelines for management of Pap results of “inflammatory and/or reactive changes” (I/R) are not uniform for this age group. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of teens who have inflammatory Pap smears and those who returned for follow-up in order to formulate recommendations. Methods A chart review was conducted on patients from an adolescent clinic who had at least one I/R Pap smear result in the past three years. An index visit was defined as any visit that yielded an I/R Pap. Data regarding the index visit and subsequent visit, if completed, were included in the analysis. Results There were 142 I/R Pap smears/index visits reviewed in 113 teens. At the index visit, 12% had gonorrhea, 19% had Chlamydia, and 40% had Trichomonas. 55% had no STDs. Of the index Paps, 95 returned for follow-up with a mean time of 5.3 months (range 1.4 – 27). Subsequent Paps were normal in 56% Abnormal results were: 23% I/R, 10% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 10% low grade intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), and 1% high grade intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL). Significant pathology (ASCUS or greater) was detected as early as 1.6 months after the index visit. Resolution of the inflammatory changes was not associated with a history of SIDs, or any specific SID at the index or follow-up visits. Length of time to follow-up Pap was not a predictor of that result being normal. Four teens had 3 sequential I/R Paps and 12 teens had 2 sequential I/R Paps. Persistence of inflammatory changes was associated with having a previous pregnancy (chi-square, p = .01) and having no STDs at the index visit (chi-square, p = .02). Conclusions Inflammatory and/or reactive Pap smear results should not be ignored in this adolescent population. These results may mask significant underlying pathology and cannot be attributed to STDs. Repeat smears may be done as early as 2 months
Scaling up of elution gel filtration chromatography

Abstract Preliminary work indicates that both the ratio of column length to diameter and the Reynolds Number affect the quality of resolution in column elution. If these two dimensionless groups are held constant, the quality of the elution pattern will be the same in any column. It appears that the degree of resolution is a function of the velocity profile and dispersion in the column. Constant L D and Reynolds Number result in dynamic similarity and in similar velocity profiles and dispersion characteristics, irrespective of column diameter. Also, it appears that the lower the Reynolds Number and the greater the ratio of column length to diameter, the more effective is the purification.
Do Curriculum Outcomes and Assessment Activities in Science Encourage Higher Order Thinking

The curriculum for two science units in each of Grades 6 and 7 was analyzed to determine the cognitive levels of the outcomes and their cognitive alignment with the assessments that corresponded with these outcomes. This was done for British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Atlantic Canada. The outcomes and assessments included a variety of higher and lower thinking skills, with several jurisdictions having distinctly fewer higher than lower order outcomes and assessments. The cognitive alignment between outcomes and assessments ranged from 42 to 71%. Strong alignment between outcomes and classroom assessment increases students’ opportunity to learn and become good thinkers.
Rate coefficients for electron impact excitation of magnesium-like ions

Abstract Maxwellian-averaged collision strengths are presented for ions in the magnesium isoelectronic sequence: S V, Ar VII, Ca IX, Cr XIII, Fe XV, and Ni XVII. Results are given for 120 transitions in each ion including fine structure, involving the 16 levels 3s2 1 S 0 , 3s3p( 3 P 0,1,2 , 1 P 1 ) , 3p 2 ( 3 P 0,1,2 , 1 D 2 , 1 S 0 ) , 3s3d( 3 D 1,2,3 , 1 D 2 ) , and 3s4s( 3 S 1 , 1 S 0 ) . The collision strengths are obtained in the distorted-wave approximation. The rate parameters are tabulated at a range of temperatures for various applications in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Using airborne LiDAR and USGS DEM data for assessing rock glaciers and glaciers

Abstract Varying topographic and geologic conditions affect the location of rock glaciers. Despite being found worldwide, rock glaciers are often confused with glacier counterparts or other periglacial landforms. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, because of its accuracy and resolution, may help the assessment of topographic variables needed to form rock glaciers or help reveal unique characteristics to enhance regional, automatic mapping. The objectives of this paper are to compare the elevation, slope, aspect, hillshade, and curvature for 1 m LiDAR and 10 m US Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from the Andrews and Taylor Glaciers with the Taylor Rock Glacier in Colorado. The utility of these data sources will be assessed for landform discrimination and to evaluate the uncertainty between the DEMs. According to the LiDAR data, the Taylor Rock Glacier exists at a lower elevation and has a gentler slope compared to the glaciers. Each landform has steep areas from which snow and debris are delivered. The Andrews Glacier has the most northern aspect, which helps maintain it through snow accumulation and reduced insolation. Glaciers exhibit a concave mean curvature, whereas the Taylor Rock Glacier has a convex mean curvature. The fine resolution of the LiDAR data clearly identifies some distinct characteristics. On the Taylor Rock Glacier, ridges, furrows, and a pronounced front slope were easily identifiable on the LiDAR DEM, whereas crevasses, the boundary between snow and debris covered surfaces, and a lateral moraine were detectable near the Andrews Glacier. The accuracy assessment revealed that at a common 10 m resolution, the USGS DEM estimated a maximum elevation about 150 m greater compared to the LiDAR data in areas of rugged topography surrounding the landforms. A comparison of root mean squared errors (RMSE) between the LiDAR and USGS DEMs showed that the Taylor Rock Glacier has the lowest RMSE for the elevation and the curvature variables. As a result, readily available USGS DEMs may better for analysis to characterize the topographic setting of landforms at the regional scale. At the fine scale, however, the micro-topography of rock glaciers is illuminated much more clearly on the LiDAR data, making it an ideal, yet costly source, for feature extraction.
Nonlinear viscoelastic dilation of SiO2 films

Oxide dilation in thin films is analyzed using a Voigt viscoelastic model. If stress‐dependent viscosity is used to model the dilation, a logarithmic time evolution is predicted. The form of the solution is in agreement with the non‐Maxwellian behavior seen in experimental data. The analysis provides an estimate of the critical stress and low‐stress viscosity of dry SiO2 films.
Insulin-Treatment of Diabetic Rats: Effects on Duodenal Calcium Absorption

We tested the hypothesis that depressed duodenal calcium absorption in the streptozotocin diabetic rat is the consequence of diabetes rather than nephrotoxicity of the diabetogenic agent causing abnormal renal vitamin D metabolism. We treated streptozotocin diabetic rats with insulin and compared their duodenal calcium transport response with that of untreated diabetics and matched controls. Insulin treatment restored depressed calcium transport of diabetics to control levels in in vivo studies and significantly increased calcium transport in vitro. Previous studies showed that even in uncontrolled diabetes the mucosa retains the ability to respond to an end organ stimulus enhancing calcium transport: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol corrects the defect, but vitamin D and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol are ineffective. Since 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is synthesized in the kidney, these findings, in conjunction with the current study, are consistent with the association of experimental diabetes with a renal de...
The Concept of Community: Lessons from the Bronx by Harold DeRienzo

Harold DeRienzo, The Concept of Community: Lessons from the Bronx (Milan: IPOC di Pietro Condemi, 2008).Harold DeRienzo argues persuasively for clarification and strengthening of “community” in com...
Magnetic instability of iron oxide thin films

The coercivity H/sub c/ and coercive squareness S* of gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films made by oxidation of reactively sputtered, Os-doped Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/, are shown to change by as much as 30 and 50% respectively in one day at room temperature. On initial measurement the films are isotropic in the plane and have S* values of 0.5 to 0.7. Along the direction of remanence an easy axis develops with a 10 to 30% higher H/sub c/ and an S* of 0.85 to 0.95, corresponding to global anisotropy in the range of 5*10/sup 4/ erg/cm/sup 3/. Reversible changes happen so rapidly that large differences can be seen on consecutive vibrating sample magnetometer loops. These films also exhibit very high susceptibility ( chi >10/sup -3/ G/Oe) and rotational hysteresis (W/sub r/>10/sup 5/ erg/cm/sup 3/) at 16 kOe, suggesting random local anisotropy with components in excess of 50 kOe. Rotational hysteresis has a strong dependence on the rate of field rotation. In a stationary field the torque initially decreases logarithmically with time, yielding activation energies varying from 0.6 to 0.16 eV as the temperature increases from 24 to 120 degrees C. All iron oxide films made by oxidation of reactively sputtered Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/, whether undoped or Co- or Os-doped, show both larger W/sub r/ and global anisotropy reversible at room temperature. >
Production Learning and Quality Control

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to establish a linkage between quality control, the production learning process and the firm's propensity to use quality control under various conditions. A stochastic dynamic programming approach together with a numerical example are used to compute quality control policies and justify the intensive use of quality control in manufacturing.
Rab3a Binding and Secretion-enhancing Domains in Rim1 Are Separate and Unique STUDIES IN ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS

Rim1 was identified in brain by its ability to bind Rab3a-GTP and has been postulated to be a Rab3a effector protein. Like Rabphilin3, it modulates secretion and contains a zinc finger and two C2 domains. We have investigated the structural basis for the ability of Rim1 to bind Rab3a-GTP and to stimulate exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Both full-length and N-terminal Rim1 enhance secretion 40-50% in both intact and permeabilized cells. The abilities of Rim1 to enhance secretion and to bind Rab3a-GTP reside on distinct and relatively small domains that act independently. A approximately 30-amino acid sequence immediately N-terminal of the zinc finger constitutes the minimal Rab3a-GTP binding domain. This short sequence is not found in Rabphilin3 and is entirely different from the zinc finger and flanking regions of Rabphilin3 that bind Rab3a-GTP. The zinc finger domain in Rim1 is unnecessary for Rab3a-GTP binding but, alone, enhances secretion. An analysis of the characteristics of the enhancement of secretion in permeabilized chromaffin cells indicates that N-terminal Rim1 does not alter the sensitivity of secretion to Ca(2+) but, instead, increases the rate of ATP-dependent priming of secretion.
Preparing Teachers to Be Curious, Open Minded, and Actively Reflective: Dewey's Ideas Reconsidered

Abstract Teachers need to be prepared to cultivate the dispositions and attitudes that are necessary for individual and societal learning and growth in a democracy. In this article I describe how Dewey thought about teacher educators and creating a living democracy through the cultivation of curiosity, open-mindedness, and reflective and active thinking. Curiosity is the desire to continue learning about one's interests in ways that fulfill one's potential and contribute to society; open-mindedness is welcoming of a variety of ideas and perspectives; and reflective and active inquiry is geared toward constantly improving democracy and the quality of people's experiences. Teacher educators need to attend to the cultivation of these attitudes in their students by providing learning environments wherein new teachers' curiosities are fostered, where open-mindedness to views different from their own is nurtured, and where capabilities to think about matters important to the education of K-12 students in a demo...
Research and practice on typical modes and optimal allocation method for PV-Wind-ES in Microgrid

Abstract This study investigates the typical configuration mode and optimal allocation method for photovoltaic (PV), wind generator and energy storage (ES) in Microgrid system. Firstly, the six typical scenarios of the hybrid integration modes are discussed. By considering the objectives of minimum PV-Wind-ES investment cost, minimal expectation of energy not supplied (EENS) and minimal line loss, the proposed optimal allocation of PV-Wind-ES is a multi-objective optimization problem. In order to get a comprehensive solution, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-objective planning problem. Several experiments have been made on the IEEE 33-bus test case and a real implementation of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) with the consideration of multiple DG units and ES. The computational result and comparisons indicate the proposed algorithm for optimal allocation of PV-Wind-ES in distribution system is feasible and effective.
Superior vena cava thrombosis due to pacing electrodes: successful treatment with combined thrombolysis and angioplasty.

6. Kimbiris D, Segal BL, Munir M, et al. Myocardial infarction in patients withnormal patent coronary arteries as visualized bv cinearterioeranhv. Am J Cardiol 1972;29:724-8. 7. couste-BlazyPfi, Taudou MJ, Delay M, et al. Essential thrombocythaemia and recurrent myocardial infarction [Letter]. Lancet 1984;2:992. 8. Louwerenburg JW, Suttorp MJ, Kingma JH. Aspirin withdrawal in a patient with essential thrombocythemia: possible cause of myocardial infarction [Letter]. Am J Med 1987;83: 1175. 9. Silverstein MN, Petitt RM. Current clinical management of primary thrombocythemia. Contemp Int Med 1991;3:46-52.
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter lipid composition and decrease prostaglandin synthesis in rat spleen

Abstract Three groups of rats were fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10% olive oil, 10% corn oil, or 10% menhaden oil for three weeks. Olive oil was used as a control and corn and menhaden oils as sources of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, respectively. The spleen phospholipids were enriched with eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6 n-3) in rats on menhaden oil diets. The enrichment of these n-3 fatty acids was accompanied by a decrease in the arachidonic acid content (20:4 n-6) of spleen phospholipids. The syntheses of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), 6-keto prostaglandin F 1α (6 keto PGF 1α ) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) from endogenous substrates in n-3 fatty acid enriched spleens were decreased by 50, 57 and 80% respectively. These studies indicate that dietary n-3 fatty acids can effectively displace arachidonic acid from phospholipids and decrease prostaglandin synthesis in rat spleen.
Slippery Slopes and Landing on Your Feet

Avarice is of course somewhat different from lust, but I have to plead ignorance too. No one had ever said anything to me at all when I first started about either physician incentives or conflicts of interest. I had studied medicine in the right place. Sydney University in the 1980s graduated physicians with a proud understanding of how Australia’s single-payer system provided essentially free access to high-quality, evidence-based treatment. We prided ourselves on a primary care system that was well remunerated on a fee-for-service basis and provided high-quality prevention and wellness services, specialist gatekeeping, and chronic care management.
Kisspeptin administration to women: a window into endogenous kisspeptin secretion and GnRH responsiveness across the menstrual cycle.

Context: Kisspeptin is the most powerful known stimulus of GnRH-induced LH secretion across mammalian species. However, the effects of kisspeptin are just being explored, and the dynamics of kisspeptin responsiveness across the menstrual cycle are incompletely understood. Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize the effects of kisspeptin on GnRH secretion in healthy women in different phases of the menstrual cycle. Participants and Intervention: Ten women in the early follicular phase, three women in the late follicular (preovulatory) phase, and 14 women in the midluteal phase received a bolus of kisspeptin 112–121 0.24 nmol/kg iv. An additional four women in the early to midfollicular phase received kisspeptin 112–121 0.72 nmol/kg iv. Results: The response to kisspeptin varied depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. LH pulses were observed immediately after kisspeptin administration in all luteal and preovulatory women. However, only half the women in the early follicular phase ha...
Abstract 4909: Novel radiation mitigators and cancer chemoprevention drugs

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The possibility of a radiation disaster from a nuclear detonation or accident has existed for over 50 years and spawned much of the basic research in radiobiology in the 1950-60s. The recent Fukushima accident was yet another reminder that there remains a dire need to develop novel therapies against radiation-induced toxicities. Here we report on the development of two novel radiation countermeasure therapies: Yel001 and Yel002. These small, biologically active, drug-like molecules were uncovered in the DEL high throughput assay reducing radiation-induced cyto- and geno-toxicity in yeast. Radiation-modulating activity was further confirmed in yeast plate-based DEL Assay: addition of either Yel001 or Yel002 to irradiated cultures reduced cell death and genomic instability. Further, Yel compounds increases survival to 75% in vivo following an LD100/30 dose of ionizing radiation (IR) with the first therapeutic injection administered 24 hours post exposure followed by injections at 48,72,96, and 120 hours. Additionally, treatment with Yel001 and Yel002 compounds reduces radiation-induced leukemia from 90% to to 50% and 40% respectively. Of note, treatment with either Yel001 or Yel002 reduced spontaneous leukemia rate from 10% to 0%. Furthermore, Yel002 significantly prolonged the life of Atm deficient mice. Treatment with Yel002 following IR accelerates the recovery of the hematopoietic cells and protects stem cells after sub-lethal exposures. In addition, treatment with Yel002 reduces I131, EMS, MMS, UV, cigarette smoke extract as well as nitrogen mustard induced toxicity as well as genotoxicity showing a broad application spectrum. Proteomics shows that Yel002 induces DNA repair mediated by Atm signaling, homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining, base excision repair, DNA damage binding proteins and chromosome segregation functions. Toxicity has not been observed in neither in vitro or in vivo administrations, even in a two generation teratogenicity assay. Overall, Yel compounds have much potential as stockpile therapies for radiation-induced lethality and cancer as well as spontaneous cancer: they are highly effective when administered up to 24hours post exposure, they reduce radiation-induced sequelae such as leukemia, and appear to have an acceptable toxicity profile. Citation Format: Robert H. Schiestl, Yelena Rivina, Michael Davoren. Novel radiation mitigators and cancer chemoprevention drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4909. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4909
Wireless bimorph micro-actuators by pulsed laser heating

Abstract We report an experimental and theoretical investigation on wireless bimorph micro-cantilever (BMC) actuated by pulsed laser heating. The micromachined BMC consists of a thin gold layer deposited on a polysilicon layer. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser of wavelength = 355 nm and pulse width = 12 ns was used to heat the BMC. The movement of the BMC was measured by a displacement sensor. Experimental results revealed the frequency of BMC vibration upon laser heating. A two-dimensional (2D) discrete model was developed to simulate the laser pulse response of the cantilever. The simulation results agreed well with experimental observation, except the minor differences in vibration amplitudes in the model.
Two-p-tolerance competition graphs

Abstract Let φ be a symmetric function defined from N × N into N , where N denotes the nonnegative integers. G = (V, E) is a φ-tolerance competition graph if there is a directed graph D = (V, A) and an assignment of a nonnegative integer ti to each vertex viϵ V such that, for i ≠ j, vivj ϵ (G) if and only if ¦O(v i )∩O(V j )¦⩾ φ (t i , t j ) , where O(x) = {y: xy ϵ A}. A two-φ-tolerance competition graph is a φ-tolerance competition graph in which all the ti are selected from a 2-set. Characterizations of such graphs, and relationships between them, are presented for φ equal to the minimum, maximum, and sum functions, with emphasis on the situation in which the 2-set is {0, q}.