cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
American Workers/Workers America: A Review of Recent Works by David Brody and James Green

The emerging historiography at the beginning of the twentieth century took it for granted that the future belonged to labor. Our preeminent materialist historian Frederick Jackson Turner believed that with the closing of the frontier, the nation's destiny had passed from farmers to workers and industrialists. Charles Beard was a patron of workers' education in this country and at Ruskin College, while Mary Beard wrote a valuable history of The American Labor Movement that depicted labor as "a great social force akin to titanic forces in the natural world." She spoke for her generation in saying, Anything so fundamental, so impressive, so fraught with possibilities for the future surely deserves an intensive study by those outside the labor movement as well as by those who work within it.l Her own volume was based on the intensive study by John Commons and his associates in the Bureau of Industrial Research. Commons' magificent Documen tary History and the exhaustive four volume History of Labor in the United States were a monument to the centrality of labor in Progressive thought, as were works by Abbott, Brissenden, Hoxie, and others. Later generations returned again and again to this monument, most to honor, some to worship. And no one has yet come forth with a structure of rival scope and influence. Now, however, the publication of books by David Brody and James Green on labor in the twentieth century gives some reason to believe the labor question is again moving to the forefront of our historical memory.2 It is not that Brody's Workers in Industrial America and Greens' World of the Worker proffer a new grand synthesis. Brody himself has called attention to the absence of such a synthesis in an essay prepared for the American Historical Association.3 Nor is it to disparage these books in any way to say they are not the latter-day equivalent of the Com mons project. They have no such pretension. Rather, they show that the study of working people is essential to understanding the main lines of twentieth-century American development, not just the collateral branch of labor history (important as that is). It is clear from their work that neither the distribution of power nor the lived experience of the American people as a whole can be understood apart from the struggles and experiences of workers. Both authors treat American workers in their
Should Vaccines Require a Prescription

OBJECTIVE:To review the rationale for requiring prescriptions to control vaccine access, in contrast to other medications.DATA SOURCES:Literature on immunization delivery and health-service barriers was reviewed via MEDLINE search and relevant textbooks. Additional literature was obtained from reference lists of pertinent articles.DATA SYNTHESIS:Society controls access to medications to protect consumers. Many medications have changed from prescription-only to over-the-counter (OTC) status. No parenteral drug has been switched, although insulin has long had OTC status. Limiting access to vaccines has advantages in record-keeping, storage, injection quality, and response to anaphylactic reactions. These advantages are outweighed by 600 000 people who will die over the next decade for lack of pneumococcal and influenza immunizations. Physicians see most of those who die of these diseases, but many neglect to vaccinate them. Three options are offered to expand access to these vaccines. The most feasible one ...
Age Differences in Behavior and PET Activation Reveal Differences in Interference Resolution in Verbal Working Memory

Older adults were tested on a verbal working memory task that used the item-recognition paradigm. On some trials of this task, response-conflict was created by presenting test-items that were familiar but were not members of a current set of items stored in memory. These items required a negative response, but their familiarity biased subjects toward a positive response. Younger subjects show an interference effect on such trials, and this interference is accompanied by activation of a region of left lateral prefrontal cortex. However, there has been no evidence that the activation in this region is causally related to the interference that the subjects exhibit. In the present study, we demonstrate that older adults show more behavioral interference than younger subjects on this task, and they also show no reliable activation at the same lateral prefrontal site. This leads to the conclusion that this prefrontal site is functionally involved in mediating resolution among conflicting responses or among conflicting representations in working memory.
Understanding fibromyalgia: lessons from the broader pain research community.

Abstract Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition marked by centrally mediated augmentation of pain and sensory processes. Skepticism has marked the history of this condition, but more recent study has identified neurobiological underpinnings supporting many of the symptoms associated with this condition. Early research in FM had unprecedented latitude within the rheumatology community to borrow heavily from theory and methods being applied in chronic pain research more generally. These insights facilitated rapid advances in FM research, not the least of which was the abandonment of a peripheral focus in favor of studying central mechanisms associated with central augmentation. Currently, rapid-paced discovery is taking place in FM genetics, patient assessment, new therapeutic targets, and novel methods of treatment delivery. Such insights are not likely to be limited in application just to FM and could have relevance to the broader field of pain research as well. Perspective This manuscript reviews the history of FM and its diagnosis, evidence supporting central augmentation of pain in FM, potential mechanisms of central augmentation, current approaches to integrated care of FM, and areas of active collaboration between FM research and other chronic pain conditions.
Probabilistic neural networks for medical image quantification

A probabilistic neural network structure is designed for estimating the parameters of a standard finite normal mixture (SFNM) model in medical image analysis. This neural network employs an unsupervised learning scheme based on the unification of Bayesian and least relative entropy principles, and has Bayes and maximum likelihood neurons which adaptively update the local fuzzy variables in the classification space with the capability of achieving flexible boundary shapes. The optimal network size and hence the number of regions for the SFNM model are determined by various information theoretic criteria, and their performances are compared for images with different stochastic characterizations. A Lloyd-Max quantizer is used to improve the initialization of this self-learning procedure. The performance of this learning technique is tested with both simulated and real medical images, and is shown to be an efficient learning scheme. >
Comparative Analysis of Infrastructure Assessment Methodologies at the Small Unit Level

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three different infrastructure assessment tools currently used by the U.S. Army’s combat engineer small units (squad, platoon, company). The infrastructure assessment tools included one pen and paper checklist and two software-based tools based on specialized handheld hardware for data collection in combat conditions. Evaluation was conducted using macroergonomic and applied cognitive task analysis methods with soldiers of varying levels of infrastructure assessment expertise. Each assessment method was evaluated based on performance (time, errors, and accuracy) and usability (ergonomic and cognitive challenges). We found that soldiers documented more accurate data using handheld digital devices instead of pen-and-paper assessment forms, but there was little difference in time between the methods. Contrary to initial expectation, we also found that most soldiers prefer a slightly more difficult to use handheld assessment device with customized checklists rathe...
Improving the accuracy of wide resection of bone tumors and enhancing implant fit: A cadaveric study.

Background/Aims Customized three-dimensional (3-D) jigs have been shown to increase the accuracy of skeletal tumor resection in comparison to freehand techniques. However, the utility of these jigs in subsequently enhancing the fit of endoprosthetic implants has yet to be determined. We hypothesized that custom jigs would improve implant fit compared to freehand resection.
Academic landscapes: one futuristic perspective.

After having read the recent viewpoints on the deconstruction of the basic sciences in dental school curricula versus how to bolster the basic science support of medical/dental issues, I was brought back to considering once again where the basic sciences in dental schools appear to be and where they
Carbon mineral ecology: Predicting the undiscovered minerals of carbon

Studies in mineral ecology exploit mineralogical databases to document diversity-distribution relationships of minerals—relationships that are integral to characterizing “Earth-like” planets. As carbon is the most crucial element to life on Earth, as well as one of the defining constituents of a planet’s near-surface mineralogy, we focus here on the diversity and distribution of carbon-bearing minerals. We applied a Large Number of Rare Events (LNRE) model to the 403 known minerals of carbon, using 82 922 mineral species/locality data tabulated in http://mindat.org (as of 1 January 2015). We find that all carbon-bearing minerals, as well as subsets containing C with O, H, Ca, or Na, conform to LNRE distributions. Our model predicts that at least 548 C minerals exist on Earth today, indicating that at least 145 carbon-bearing mineral species have yet to be discovered. Furthermore, by analyzing subsets of the most common additional elements in carbon-bearing minerals (i.e., 378 C + O species; 282 C + H species; 133 C + Ca species; and 100 C + Na species), we predict that approximately 129 of these missing carbon minerals contain oxygen, 118 contain hydrogen, 52 contain calcium, and more than 60 contain sodium. The majority of these as yet undescribed minerals are predicted to be hydrous carbonates, many of which may have been overlooked because they are colorless, poorly crystalized, and/or water-soluble. We tabulate 432 chemical formulas of plausible as yet undiscovered carbon minerals, some of which will be natural examples of known synthetic compounds, including carbides such as calcium carbide (CaC 2 ), crystalline hydrocarbons such as pyrene (C 16 H 10 ), and numerous oxalates, formates, anhydrous carbonates, and hydrous carbonates. Many other missing carbon minerals will be isomorphs of known carbon minerals, notably of the more than 100 different hydrous carbonate structures. Surveys of mineral localities with the greatest diversity of carbon minerals, coupled with information on varied C mineral occurrences, point to promising locations for the discovery of as yet undescribed minerals.
Exploring the Relationship between Decision Appropriateness and Mission Effectiveness in a Simulated Command & Control Task

The development of automated decision support systems requires a real-time metric of decision quality. Historical links between decision quality and mission effectiveness suggest that the former is predictive of the latter, and thus the outcome is what needs to be measured. The purpose of the present paper is to describe an experiment designed to separate the measurement of decision quality from that of mission effectiveness. Mission effectiveness and decision quality were examined using the RoboFlag simulation environment. Environmental uncertainty and knowledge of the opponent's strategies were manipulated factorially. Measures of mission effectiveness and decision quality were obtained along with subjective assessments of situation awareness and workload. Results are discussed in terms of decision quality as expressed by the tactics assigned to the operator's robots, and with respect to the mission outcome for each trial. Further, the number and appropriateness of re-tasking orders and the effects of u...
Drag Reduction Methodologies for Circulation Control Applications

Circulation control technology has proven aerodynamic benefits, however, along with an increase in the coefficient of lift, parasitic drag also increases. This paper explores two drag reduction techniques investigated in order to decrease the negative effects caused by the geometric requirements of a circulation control airfoil. The first method tests the viability of inducing a constant, low exit velocity jet, similar to a “leak” from the upper and lower plenums of the blowing jets, in an attempt to find a threshold where a specific rate of leak can alleviate the adverse effects of the circular trailing edge. A second drag mitigation technique included altering the shape of the trailing edge; attached to the trailing edge of a conventional circulation control surface is a sharp trailing edge, with an inner curved channel offset. By modifying the distance between the two geometries, an ideal separation distance is identified. The aerodynamic qualities of the two test models are therein compared to conventionally shaped airfoils. The results indicate that two techniques wherein have the ability to reduce the drag, proven by empirical experimentation.
Analysis on heavy metal contamination in some foods in Miyun County of Beijing from 2011-2012

[Objective]To understand the status of heavy metal contamination in some foods in Miyun County of Beijing.[Methods]The detection was conducted according to GB/T 5009,and the evaluation was performed according to GB 2762-2005and GB 2760-2011.[Results]350 samples of 11 types of food,which included pig kidney,preserved duck egg,salted eggs,pork liver,fresh mushroom,dried mushroom,corn products,rice,vegetables,wheat and freshwater crayfish,were collected to detect the contents of lead,cadmium and total mercury. There were 5 unqualified samples with the unqualified rate of 1. 43%,and 345samples were qualified with the qualified rate of 98. 57%. All of 5 unqualified samples were dried mushroom,and the unqualified index was cadmium content. [Conclusion]The detection results show that the heavy metal contamination is not serious in some foods in Miyun County.
A Pediatric Medical Emergency Team Manages a Complex Child with Hypoxia and a Worried Parent

As demonstrated in this case report, parental concern can serve as an important and effective call trigger.
A simple stylometric comparator: nifty assignment

Stylometry is the study of linguistic style and a common concern is the determination of authorship of a written work. We present a very straightforward syntactical comparator for two works which is surprisingly useful in predicting authorship. The comparator is simple enough that it can be introduced in an introductory data structures class. To begin, let N be a small positive integer, τ the set of tokens consisting of the words in the English language, and T a stream of such tokens, for example a text in English stripped of punctuation. We can then construct an associative array A with key: value pairs consisting of token sequences of length N along with their frequency in T. For example, if we take N=3 with the text Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and we sort A by highest to lowest values, the first 10 entries of the array will be:
Numerical simulation of swirling flow effect on the first stage vane film cooling distribution

In advanced gas turbine technology, lean premixed combustion is an effective strategy to reduce peak temperature and thus, NOX emissions. The swirler is adopted to establish recirculation flow zone, enhancing mixing and stabilizing the flame. Therefore, the swirling flow is dominant in the combustor flow field and has impact on the vane. This paper mainly investigates the swirling flow effect on the turbine first stage vane cooling system by conducting a group of numerical simulations. Firstly, the numerical methods of turbulence modeling using RANS and LES are compared. The computational model of one single swirl flow field is considered. Both the RANS and LES results give reasonable recirculation zone shape. When comparing the velocity distribution, the RANS results generally match the experimental data but fail to at some local area. The LES modeling gives better results and more detailed unsteady flow field. In the second step, the RANS modeling is incorporated to investigate the vane film cooling performance under the swirling inflow boundary condition. According to the numerical results, the leading edge film cooling is largely altered by the swirling flow, especially for the swirl core-leading edge aligned case. Compared to the pressure side, the suction side film cooling is more sensitive to the swirling flow. Locally, the film cooling jet is lifted and turned by the strong swirling flow.
The Later Years of Merton Miller

As mentioned earlier, Merton H. Miller, in collaboration with Franco Modigliani, developed the Modigliani—Miller theorem of corporate finance. With Harry M. Markowitz and William F. Sharpe, Miller was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1990.
How long should we wait to start oral anticoagulation after cardioembolic stroke

As a neurology resident many years ago, I carried in the pocket of my white coat a small notebook. I used this as a quick reference guide, recording the diagnostic and treatment recommendations of the neurology professors training me. I still have the book, and occasionally amuse myself by perusing the entry for acute stroke, satisfying in its pure simplicity: “If Afib present > start IV heparin; if no Afib > start aspirin.” As is so often the case, clinical trial data soon enough proved this received wisdom wrong. In the Heparin in Acute Embolic Stroke Trial, which enrolled patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation, a low-molecular-weight heparin started within 30 hours of stroke onset showed no benefit compared to aspirin.1 Similar lack of benefit for acute parenteral anticoagulation for stroke caused by atrial fibrillation was seen in subgroup analyses of other large trials.2,3
Optimizing Ray-Triangle Intersection via Automated Search

In this paper, we examine existing direct 3D ray-triangle intersection tests (i.e., those that do not first do a ray-plane test followed by a 2D test) for ray tracing triangles and show how the majority of them are mathematically equivalent. We then use these equivalencies to attempt faster intersection tests for single rays, ray packets with common origins, and general ray packets. We use two approaches, the first of which counts operations, and the second of which uses benchmarking on various processors as the fitness function of an optimization procedure. Finally, the operation-counting method is used to further optimize the code produced via the fitness function.
Die Endokard-Fibroelastose

Die folgende Darstellung beabsichtigt einen Uberblick uber den gegenwartigen Stand unseres Wissens uber die Endokard-Fibroelastose zu geben, eine Affektion, die trotz ihrer auffallenden klinischen und faszinierenden anatomischen Manifestationen nicht allgemein bekannt und nicht entsprechend gewurdigt ist. Der Versuch einer monographischen Darstellung ist nicht beabsichtigt und ware verfruht; Atiologie und Pathogenese sind unklar und es besteht keine Ubereinstimmung hinsichtlich der Stellung der Endokardfibrose im System der angeborenen Herzkrankheiten. Es soll daher keine detaillierte Schilderung aller klinischen Zeichen gegeben werden; in Hunderten von Krankengeschichten ist die wenig abwechslungsreiche Symptomatologie dargelegt. Ich mochte vielmehr auf Eigenarten im Krankheitsbilde hinweisen, deren Besonderheit zur Diagnose der Endokardsklerose in vivo verhelfen kann.
Characterization and measurement of textile fabric properties

Abstract: In the first part of this chapter ASTM methods are discussed covering the tensile, stiffness, bending and tear testing of woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics. Special attention is given to the following items, viz., (a) the modes of deformation in fabrics under tensile, bending and tearing loads; (b) Treloar's pioneering research on the behavior of fabrics under shear; (c) the Trapezoid (wing tip) test that allows the measurement of the tear strength of fabrics with no substantial deviation of the tear initial direction, and (d) the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) that covers a series of tests especially designed to study the mechanical behavior of fabrics under small strains, pertinent to apparel applications. The second part of this chapter covers the basic mechanics and predictive testing of composites reinforced with fibrous assemblies, in either stiff or soft (elastomer) matrix. The study of these composites is a very important area of materials science and engineering with a vast range of applications. In this case, in addition to the properties of the reinforcement, either two- or three-dimensional, the matrix and their interphase, the engineer must consider the critically important geometrical parameters, such as the reinforcement lay-out angles and the ply stacking sequence. Three-dimensional fibrous assemblies have been shown to improve the damage tolerance to the delamination mode of failure. This chapter demonstrates that the study of composites requires a multidisciplinary approach.
P-210 Clearer communication collaboration

The issue The need for high-quality, flexible, cost effective communication skills education for all groups of staff and all levels of experience was identified by the Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in our locality. In our hospice we deliver our own communication skills education programme (CLEARER Communication) with three levels of workshops – CARE, CLEAR and CLEAREST. These are very well evaluated and fitted the identified need. However, there was not enough capacity to meet the demand. Why it is important We can provide excellent care when staff have knowledge, skills and confidence to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients, their families and each other. Education at the right level to achieve this must be readily accessible. What is being done Working with the CCGs, we identified 10 workshop facilitators from partner organisations and planned their training. We successfully bid for funding from the Multi-Professional Education and Training (MPET) budget held by the CCGs to train facilitators, fund administrative support and deliver the workshops. The new facilitators will also build confidence by co-facilitating the CARE, CLEAR and CLEAREST workshops with the programme lead. Then they will each deliver all three workshops each quarter. Evaluation will be via pre and post course questionnaires, evaluation forms and impact assessments. Expected outcomes Workshop places will increase from 100 per year to 2000. We expect to see an increase in knowledge, skill and confidence of participants. Ways of assessing impact on patient care are under development. Consistency and quality will be monitored by the programme lead. Sustainability MPET Funding will allow the programme to be delivered free to staff of partner organisations until end 2018. Charging staff from other organisations will provide an income stream to support ongoing provision.
Role of Acid Catalysis in the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals

Acid catalysts are ubiquitous in biomass conversion because of their ability to deoxygenate molecules by way of multiple chemical pathways. In this chapter, the importance and current state of acid catalysis for the conversion of lignocellulose into chemicals and fuels is outlined in the context of aqueous-phase processing. Selected examples are used to highlight the use of catalytic materials featuring Bronsted or Lewis acid sites in lignocellulosic biomass conversion processes, and to showcase the role of acidity in catalytic coupling and process intensification. The chapter presents some of the outstanding challenges to acid catalysis and includes a perspective on its future outlook in an integrated biorefining strategy.
Evolutionary Triangulation to Refine Genetic Association Studies of Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Objective The objective of this study was to apply evolutionary triangulation, a novel technique exploiting evolutionary differentiation among three populations with variable disease prevalence, to spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) genetic association studies. Study Design Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency data were obtained from HapMap for CEU, GIH/MEX, and YRI/ASW populations. Evolutionary triangulation SNPs, then genes, were selected according to the overlaps of genetic population differences (CEU = outlier). Evolutionary triangulation genes were then compared with three PTB gene lists: (1) top maternal and fetal genes from a large genome-wide association study of PTB, (2) 640 genes from the database for PTB, and (3) 118 genes from a recent systematic review. Empirical p-values were calculated to determine whether evolutionary triangulation enriched for putative PTB associating genes compared with randomly selected sample genes. Results Evolutionary triangulation identified 5/17 maternal genes and 8/16 fetal genes from PTB gene list 1. From list 2, 79/640 were identified by CEU_GIH_YRI evolutionary triangulation, and 57/640 were identified by CEU_ASW_MEX evolutionary triangulation. Finally, 20/118 genes were identified by evolutionary triangulation from gene list 3. For all analyses, p Conclusion Genes identified in prior PTB association studies confirmed by evolutionary triangulation should be prioritized for further genetic prematurity research.
Development of a sustainable plasmon-enhanced spectroelectrochemical sensor using avocado pit (Persea americana) extract

Abstract With the increasing popularity of nanotechnology, it is undoubtedly necessary to render the synthesis of nanomaterials more environmentally benign to allow for continued growth of the field. Natural extracts provide a green alternative to harsh chemical reducing and capping agents in noble metal nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, we not only report the first synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using avocado pit extract (APE), but also establish improved surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) performance of these APE AgNPs over traditionally synthesized AgNPs. The exceptional size and shape monodispersity of these AgNPs is demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The excellent SERS performance of these particles is illustrated using both para-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-Bipy) as Raman probe molecules. Finally, efficient and cost effective plasmon-enhanced screen printed electrodes fashioned using these APE AgNPs is demonstrated for electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) studies of adenine.
Ten CEO Imperatives for Healthcare Transformation: Lessons from Top-Performing Academic Medical Centers

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The transition from a delivery model based on volume to a model based on value is underpinning an unprecedented rate of change in healthcare. Our research identifies academic medical centers that have successfully moved their organizations from a volume-based care delivery model to a model that is based on value, achieving top decile performance in the transition. We asked senior leaders about their key imperatives in achieving system-wide healthcare transformations.Major teaching hospitals were sampled using data envelopment analysis to identify hospitals that produced the best value-based purchasing process of care, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores, and mortality scores with the most efficient utilization of human and financial organizational resources. On-site interviews were conducted with the CEOs of the top-performing hospitals. Content analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed 10 clear imperatives that our sample of CEOs said were essential.
Integrating consumer adoption modeling in renewable energy expansion planning

The electricity market in the U.S. is changing rapidly from a utility-scale centralized generation-distribution model to a more distributed and customer-sited energy model. Residential energy consumers in the U.S. have shown increased interest in solar-based electricity at home, resulting in increased adoption of distributed solar on the rooftops of owner-occupied residences (known as rooftop PV). However, increased rooftop PV adoption has led to equity concerns among policymakers, as well as dissatisfaction among utilities due to falling revenues. In this research, a bottom-up simulation-based expansion planning approach through consumer adoption modeling has been proposed to help utilities satisfy consumer demand for distributed solar while also addressing the issues that have arisen from increased rooftop PV adoption.
G320(P) Post-malaria neurological syndrome: the first irish paediatric case

Aims Post-malaria neurological syndrome (PMNS) is described as a rare post-infectious encephalopathy occurring within two months of resolved malaria infection and with an aparasitaemia. PMNS encompasses three separate neurological syndromes: A delayed cerebellar syndrome, an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy (GBS) and an acute disseminated encephalopathy (ADEMs). Here, we report the first Irish paediatric case of falciparum PMNS, in a patient of African origin, born and living in Ireland. A 15 year old boy presented with a 3 day history of progressive encephalopathy, features of raised ICP and seizures on a background of falciparum malaria treated six weeks previously. PMNS was diagnosed after further investigations and an aparasitaemia. He was sedated and intubated for 2 days and commenced on antimicrobials, antimalarial and steroids. His investigations results as following: MRI brain: Cerebral oedema and optic neuritis, EEG: Severe encephalopathy. Serial thick and thin films: No malaria parasites Falciparum Protein Antigen (RDT): Positive (Can remain positive for 6 weeks after malaria). CSF Studies: Protein 1383 g/dl, 16 WBCs/dl, 100% mononuclear cells). PCRs: negative for HSV, Adenovirus, Coxsackie, EBV, CMV, Meningococcus, Pneumococcus. By day 6 of admission he had made a full recovery with no neurological deficits. Methods Using Google and PubMed, we searched for relevant case reports and journal articles describing neurological syndromes occurring post infection with falciparum malaria in the paediatric population. Results Whilst the prevalence of PMNS (plasmodium falciparum) is 0.12% in adults, the prevalence in children remains unknown. In 1996, a Vietnamese study conducted over 4 years reported 23 patients with PMNS following full recovery from falciparum malaria. Of these, only 3 were children. A 2015 case report describes a further two children with falciparum PMNS. There have been no further paediatric cases reported to date worldwide. Conclusion In conclusion, PMNS is an increasingly recognised, but rare complication of malaria that must be differentiated from relapsing or recurrent malaria, and post-infectious neurological syndromes, e.g. ADEM. In particularly severe cases, steroids have been given as an adjunctive therapy to speed recovery however PMNS is a self-limiting condition that resolves within 2–14 days and requires no specific treatment.
Varieties of Approaches to Psychotherapy: Options for the Christian Therapist:

The multitude of existing approaches to psychotherapy can place Christian therapists in a dilemma as to which approach to use with their clients. It also makes it difficult for the students of psyc...
Public Procurement Law: Key International Developments in 2014 — Part I: An American Perspective on the New European Public Procurement Directives

The year 2014 saw major developments in European public procurement law, as a number of new procurement directives finally came into force. This paper focuses on the two elements of the new European Union procurement directive, 2014/24/EU, most likely to affect the U.S. procurement community: new flexibility in the use of best-value negotiations, and expanded grounds for excluding potential contractors, for corruption or otherwise. The paper also will discuss how the new procurement directive may affect ongoing trade negotiations, especially between the United States and Europe under the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).
Experimental and numerical investigation of electrohydrodynamic flow in a point-to-ring corona discharge

An electrohydrodynamic flow in a point-to-ring corona configuration is investigated experimentally and numerically. A parameter $X$, defined as the ratio of the local electric force to the inertial term, characterizes the effect of electrohydrodynamic forcing on bulk flow.
What you seek is what you get: extraction of class attributes from query logs

Within the larger area of automatic acquisition of knowledge from the Web, we introduce a method for extracting relevant attributes, or quantifiable properties, for various classes of objects. The method extracts attributes such as capital city and President for the class Country, or cost, manufacturer and side effects for the class Drug, without relying on any expensive language resources or complex processing tools. In a departure from previous approaches to large-scale information extraction, we explore the role of Web query logs, rather than Web documents, as an alternative source of class attributes. The quality of the extracted attributes recommends query logs as a valuable, albeit little explored, resource for information extraction.
Labor-Delivery-Recovery Room: Planning the Delivery Suite for Current Need

The planning and building of a labor-delivery-recovery room at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati are described with a special emphasis on evaluating the feasibility of the LDR concept.
Giant Outbursts of the Eta Carinae - P Cygni Type

It is time for us to contemplate more dramatic instabilities! Certain very massive stars, including η Car and P Cyg, give observational hints that their most crucial mass loss occurs in giant eruptions. During such an event, the mass loss rate can be of the order of 0.1 M⨀ yr-1 for several years. We do not yet understand this phenomenon, partly because most relevant theoretical work has been devoted instead to more familiar, less dramatic stellar winds.
Postoperative irradiation in cervical cancer: prognostic factors and outcome.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with cervical cancer who underwent hysterectomy followed by pelvic irradiation. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of 140 patients with carcinoma of the cervix. The indications for irradiation were an incidental finding of invasive cancer, positive lymph nodes, parametrial extension of tumor, and positive or close margins. RESULTS The 10-year cause-specific and overall survival rates were 72% and 69%, respectively. Recurrences developed at the following sites: five in the pelvis, four in the pelvis and with distant metastasis, and 13 with distant metastasis. Parametrial extension of tumor was the only significant prognostic factor for developing recurrent disease (p=0.004). Complications were grade 3 in 10 and grade 4 in 18. Leg edema occurred in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection, but not in patients undergoing simple hysterectomy (p=0.01), and was more likely if irradiation was begun within six weeks of surgery compared with starting irradiation after six weeks (p=0.02). CONCLUSION Pelvic irradiation produced pelvic control of disease in 94%. Distant metastasis was the most common site of failure. Chronic toxicity was greatest if irradiation was begun less than six weeks postoperatively.
Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Promoter

Nitric oxide has a wide variety of homeostatic and pathological effects. Control of the production of nitric oxide by the inducible form of the enzyme resides in the 5′ promoter region of the gene. Although control of the murine isoform has been investigated, little is known about the functional aspects of the human analog. A 3.9-kb 5′ nontranslated region of the human gene was cloned, sequenced, and several reporter constructs prepared. The promoter-reporter constructs were transfected into human or murine monocytoid cells and reporter expression quantified following cytokine activation of the cells. The production of nitric oxide was also monitored. Although a murine promoter-reporter functioned efficiently in both human and mouse cells, the human constructs functioned only in human cells. The activity of the mouse construct increased progressively with the addition of activating cytokines, but the human promoter-reporter did not. Although interleukin 1β drove expression of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase reporter, actual expression of nitric oxide required both interleukin 1β and interferon-γ. The data indicate that despite the significant homology between the human and mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter sequence, control of the two genes is quite different. In addition to being more efficient in promoter activity, the murine promoter responds increasingly to cytokines that are not effective for the human analog. It is also apparent that human inducible nitric oxide synthase is controlled at both the level of transcription and post-translationally.
Volatile flavor compounds vary by beef product type and degree of doneness.

This study aimed to determine how quality grade and degree of doneness (DOD) influence the development of volatile compounds among beef whole muscle and ground patties. Volatile compounds were quantified via head space solid phase microextraction from samples tempered in refrigerated temperatures (3 to 5 °C), room temperature (24 to 26 °C), or cooked on an electric clamshell-style grill to an endpoint temperature of 55, 60, 71, or 77 °C. Collected samples were subsequently determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Prominent compounds known to be the result of the Maillard reaction or lipid degradation were retained for comparison. Four Strecker aldehydes, 4 pyrazines, and one ester had a 3-way interaction between quality grade, DOD, and product type (each P 0.05) in ground patties and was comparably greater (P < 0.05) in steaks; in Prime and Low Choice steaks, pyrazine concentration increased (P < 0.05) as DOD increased. A 2-way interaction between quality grade and product type was observed for acetaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide, 1-penten-3-ol, butanoic acid, hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and 2-heptanone. Among which, octanal and nonanal were greater (P < 0.05) in Prime steaks compared with ground patties. Another 2-way interaction, quality grade and DOD, was observed in 2 ketones, an alcohol, 2 esters, and 2 aldehydes. For example, 2,3-butanedione was greater (P < 0.05) in concentration in Prime 4 °C samples compared with Low Choice and Standard. The final 2-way interaction of DOD and product type was observed in 3 ketones, 2 sulfur compounds, 2 esters, 5 aldehydes, 2 carboxylic acids, and a ketone. For example, 2-heptanone was greater (P < 0.05) in concentration in ground patties compared to steaks in all degrees of doneness except 4 °C. Overall, these results indicate that the volatile flavor profile of beef is greatly influenced by product type and DOD. Generally, consumers select beef based on product type and determine their cookery approach. Therefore, consumers may greatly influence final beef flavor profile.
A Markovian ROHC Control Mechanism Based on Transport Block Link Model in LTE Networks

In many packet-switched wireless systems including cellular networks, RObust Header Compression (ROHC) plays an important role in improving payload efficiency by reducing the number of header bits in a link session. However, there are only very few research works addressing the optimized control of ROHC. Our recent studies have demonstrated the advantage of a trans-layer ROHC design that exploits lower layer link status. We have presented a unidirectional ROHC design based on a partially observable Markov decision process formulation that enables the transmitter to decide the header compression level without receiver feedback. The present work considers the physical channel dynamics in an LTE environment and how they affect header decompressor status. Our new model takes into consideration the transport block (TBs) size defined in LTE transmission according to the modulation and coding scheme (MCS). Our novel and practical model can significantly improve the efficiency of the transmission when compared to a traditional timer-based ROHC control.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with collapsing lupus podocytopathy as an unusual manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus with APOL1 double-risk alleles.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome caused by excessive immune activation. Secondary HLH has been described in autoimmune diseases. We detail the case of a 28-year-old African American woman who developed HLH in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus with collapsing lupus podocytopathy superimposed on mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis class II. Genotyping for APOL1 risk alleles revealed the presence of double (G1/G2) risk alleles. Our patient achieved a complete renal recovery and resolution of HLH within 1 month of treatment with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil, highlighting the importance of prompt, aggressive therapy.
Start-up success: the story of POINT 3 Basketball CEO Michael Luscher and the future of entrepreneurship

The month is April 2011 and Michael Luscher, founder of start-up apparel company POINT 3 Basketball, is sweating profusely. Sweating even more than he normally does on the cement basketball courts ...
Attitudes of Mothers Regarding Willingness to Enroll Their Children in Research.

This study assessed mothers’ perspectives regarding research involvement by their children, factors that might affect perceptions of research risks, and attitudes regarding willingness to enroll ch...
A First Investigation of Agriculture Sector Perspectives on the Opportunities and Barriers for Agrivoltaics

Agrivoltaic systems are a strategic and innovative approach to combine solar photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable energy generation with agricultural production. Recognizing the fundamental importance of farmer adoption in the successful diffusion of the agrivoltaic innovation, this study investigates agriculture sector experts’ perceptions on the opportunities and barriers to dual land-use systems. Using in-depth, semistructured interviews, this study conducts a first study to identify challenges to farmer adoption of agrivoltaics and address them by responding to societal concerns. Results indicate that participants see potential benefits for themselves in combined solar and agriculture technology. The identified barriers to adoption of agrivoltaics, however, include: (i) desired certainty of long-term land productivity, (ii) market potential, (iii) just compensation and (iv) a need for predesigned system flexibility to accommodate different scales, types of operations, and changing farming practices. The identified concerns in this study can be used to refine the technology to increase adoption among farmers and to translate the potential of agrivoltaics to address the competition for land between solar PV and agriculture into changes in solar siting, farming practice, and land-use decision-making.
Impulse Self-Gifting Behavior: An Exploration of Contexts, Motivations, and the Role of Self-Control

The purpose of the study was to examine the motivations and contexts important to consumer impulse self-gifting behavior (ISGB) based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework. The extent to which consumers attempt self-control to resist impulse self-gifting was also examined. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty consumers (15 females and 5males) who engaged in impulse self-gifting behaviors at least once in the 12months prior to recruitment. A thematic analysis of the interview data revealed five themes related to motivations (i.e., to feel better, to reward,to celebrate, to look nice/be nice to oneself, and to collect). Mood and sales promotions were identified as factors most frequently prompting ISGB. Attempts to avoid impulse buying through self-control measures were typical among the participants. This study is one of the first to integrate self-gifting behavior and impulse buying and to explore the behavior through the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework. The findings of the study expand the body of knowledge to understand impulse self-gifting behavior. The findings of the study provide fashion marketers and retailers with a better understanding of consumer behavior regarding contexts and motivations of impulse self-gifting and therefore, offer insights to design promotional sales events or advertisements to target self-gifting consumers with the purpose of better sales performance. This empirical study extends self-gifting studies by expanding the concept to consider impulse buying. Motivations behind ISGB were found to be similar to those of self-gifting in general with the exception of collecting.
Governing in a time of global crises: the good, the bad, and the merely normal

Governments and societies in 2020 and 2021 have been facing three interconnected crises—COVID-19 and the health crisis, an economic crisis resulting from the health crisis, and a social crisis around inclusion and equity. The magnitude of these crises, and their nature, vary across countries, but no country has been left untouched. The governance responses to these crises have varied markedly, both in terms of their character and their success. This paper discusses the good, the bad, and the merely normal aspects of governance that have emerged in response to these crises.
Distinct Clinical Physiologic Phenotypes of Patients With Laryngeal Symptoms Referred for Reflux Evaluation.

Background & Aims Heterogeneous presentations and disease mechanisms among patients with laryngeal symptoms account for misdiagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), variations in testing, and suboptimal outcomes. We aimed to derive phenotypes of patients with laryngeal symptoms based on clinical and physiologic data and to compare characteristics across phenotypes. Methods A total of 302 adult patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms were prospectively enrolled at 3 centers between January 2018 to October 2020 (age 57.2 ± 15.2 years; 30% male; body mass index 27.2 ± 6.0 kg/m2). Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) was applied to 12 clinical and 11 physiologic variables collected in stable condition to derive phenotypic groups. Results DAPC identified 5 groups, with significant differences across symptoms, hiatal hernia size, and number of reflux events (P Conclusions DAPC identified distinct clinicophysiologic phenotypes of patients with laryngeal symptoms referred for reflux evaluation: group A, LPR and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with hiatal hernia; group B, mild LPR/GERD; group C, no LPR/No GERD; group D, reflex cough; and group E, mixed/possible obstructive esophagogastric junction. Phenotypic differences may inform targeted clinical trials design and improve outcomes.
Depletion of Bcl-xL Impairs Mitochondrial Motility in Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Objectives B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is a pro-survival protein localized to mitochondria and is also reported to support brain function by enhancing neuronal energy metabolism and synapse formation. We have previously shown that Bcl-xL is required for neurite outgrowth, and neurons lacking Bcl-xL were susceptible against neurotoxic challenges. In this study, we hypothesized that Bcl-xL supports maintaining neurite ATP by regulating mitochondrial motility. We thus tested if Bcl-xL depletion altered normal mitochondrial dynamics, neuronal energy retention, and neurite morphology.