cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged/Large Eddy Simulation of a Cavity Flameholder; Assessment of Modeling Sensitivities

Steady-state and scale-resolving simulations have been performed for flow in and around a model scramjet combustor flameholder. The cases simulated corresponded to those used to examine this flowfield experimentally using particle image velocimetry. A variety of turbulence models were used for the steady-state Reynolds-averaged simulations which included both linear and non-linear eddy viscosity models. The scale-resolving simulations used a hybrid Reynolds-averaged / large eddy simulation strategy that is designed to be a large eddy simulation everywhere except in the inner portion (log layer and below) of the boundary layer. Hence, this formulation can be regarded as a wall-modeled large eddy simulation. This effort was undertaken to formally assess the performance of the hybrid Reynolds-averaged / large eddy simulation modeling approach in a flowfield of interest to the scramjet research community. The numerical errors were quantified for both the steady-state and scale-resolving simulations prior to making any claims of predictive accuracy relative to the measurements. The steady-state Reynolds-averaged results showed a high degree of variability when comparing the predictions obtained from each turbulence model, with the non-linear eddy viscosity model (an explicit algebraic stress model) providing the most accurate prediction of the measured values. The hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large eddy simulation results were carefully scrutinized to ensure that even the coarsest grid had an acceptable level of resolution for large eddy simulation, and that the time-averaged statistics were acceptably accurate. The autocorrelation and its Fourier transform were the primary tools used for this assessment. The statistics extracted from the hybrid simulation strategy proved to be more accurate than the Reynolds-averaged results obtained using the linear eddy viscosity models. However, there was no predictive improvement noted over the results obtained from the explicit Reynolds stress model. Fortunately, the numerical error assessment at most of the axial stations used to compare with measurements clearly indicated that the scale-resolving simulations were improving (i.e. approaching the measured values) as the grid was refined. Hence, unlike a Reynolds-averaged simulation, the hybrid approach provides a mechanism to the end-user for reducing model-form errors.
Context Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in the Context Interchange System

The Context Interchange Project presents a unique approach to the problem of semantic conflict resolution among multiple heterogeneous data sources. The system presents a semantically meaningful view of the data to the receivers (e.g. user applications) for all the available data sources. The semantic conflicts are automatically detected and reconciled by a Context Mediator using the context knowledge associated with both the data sources and the data receivers. The results are collated and presented in the receiver context. The current implementation of the system provides access to flat files, classical relational databases, on-line databases, and web services. An example application, using actual financial information sources, is described along with a detailed description of the operation of the system for an example query.
Entangled Webs: Forensic Facticity and the Construction of Police Work

The effect of television shows featuring police officers and their work has attracted considerable attention from media scholars, particularly given burgeoning interest in the so-called CSI effect. However, few studies have taken on the question of how police officers interact with mediated representations of themselves. Drawing from a series of 1-on-1 interviews and a focus group conducted with members of the New York Police Department, the author argues that cop shows occupy an intermediate space, located between the daily experiences of the job and the television programs that are supposed to fit squarely within the realm of fiction. Her study suggests that the boundaries of this intermediate space have become increasingly blurred, leading to a fragmented reading of programs by police and a challenge to their power in a physical and symbolic sense.
Inactivation of transforming DNA by ultraviolet light I. Near-UV action spectrum for marker inactivation

Abstract The kinetics of inactivation of the genetic activity of the leucine and tryptophan markers in purified Bacillus subtilis DNA by 254, 313, 334, 365, 405 and 460 nm wavelengths of UV light are described. At 254 and 313 nm, the DNA becomes increasingly resistant to inactivation with increasing dose, and the tryptophan marker is more sensitive than the leucine marker. However, at the longer wavelengths, the kinetics of inactivation are different, implying a different inactivation mechanism. For instance, there are shoulders at the longer wavelengths, and at lower doses the leucine marker is more sensitive than the tryptophan marker. Analysis by inverse square plots clearly distinguishes between far- and near-UV inactivation, revealing a greater tendency to exponential kinetics in the latter. An action spectrum reveals a component in the near UV which may indicate a different mechanism in this region.
Ranking and selection in simulation

In this article, we discuss the branch of statistics known as ranking and selection. We introduce some common ranking and selection terminology and procedures. Additional references for more complicated procedures are given. Applications to simulation are discussed.
Generalized Pair Algebra With Applications to Automata Theory

The concept of a pair algebra is extended so that it can be defined between similar relational systems. It is shown that when the relational systems under consideration are lattices a generalized pair algebra specializes to a pair algebra. Closure properties of generalized pair algebra are investigated and their applications to automata theory are considered.
Growth of business consulting and systems integration firms through integrated IT service: a service science view

The industry of business consulting (BC) and systems integration (SI) is increasingly experiencing fierce competition. This situation is particularly true of the area of supply chain management (SCM). This competitive business landscape has put those service firms under heavy pressure to find new ways of creating and sustaining business growth. The journey that such world-class firms as IBM, FedEx and General Electric have had through what we call 'integrated solutions' and 'non-traditional value chain-based growth' can be instrumental to those BC and SI firms. This article discusses the idea of integrated IT service and what makes such an integrative service business model. We propose a systematic framework, which can guide those BC and SI firms to develop 'integrated IT services', which is a service science concept drawn from combining 'integrated solutions' and 'non-traditional value chain-based growth'.
Early acquisition of sign language What neuroimaging data tell us.

Early acquisition of a natural language, signed or spoken, has been shown to fundamentally impact both one’s ability to use the first language, and the ability to learn subsequent languages later in life (Mayberry 2007, 2009). This review summarizes a number of recent neuroimaging studies in order to detail the neural bases of sign language acquisition. The logic of this review is to present research reports that contribute to the bigger picture showing that people who acquire a natural language, spoken or signed, in the normal way possess specialized linguistic abilities and brain functions that are missing or deficient in people whose exposure to natural language is delayed or absent. Comparing the function of each brain region with regards to the processing of spoken and sign languages, we attempt to clarify the role each region plays in language processing in general, and to outline the challenges and remaining questions in understanding language processing in the brain.
Dump-and-Chase: The Effectiveness of Persistence as a Sequential Request Compliance-Gaining Strategy

Two field experiments were performed assessing the effectiveness of the dump-and-chase, a compliance-gaining technique employing strategic persistence. These two experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the dump-and-chase relative to other known compliance-gaining techniques. Experiment 1 found the dump-and-chase more effective than pooled data from the door-in-the-face and placebic information technique. Experiment 2 found the dump-and-chase more effective than the door-in-the-face, placebic information, and foot-in-the-door. The dump-and-chase produced consistently higher compliance-gaining proportions across experiments. Moreover, because the contextual features of two experiments differed substantially, the effect was robust to important contextual differences.
Direct DNA methylation profiling using methyl binding domain proteins.

Methylation of DNA is responsible for gene silencing by establishing heterochromatin structure that represses transcription, and studies have shown that cytosine methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions acts as a precursor to early cancer development. The naturally occurring methyl binding domain (MBD) proteins from mammals are known to bind to the methylated CpG dinucleotide (mCpG) and subsequently recruit other chromatin-modifying proteins to suppress transcription. Conventional methods of detection for methylated DNA involve bisulfite treatment or immunoprecipitation prior to performing an assay. We focus on proof-of-concept studies for a direct microarray-based assay using surface-bound methylated probes. The recombinant protein 1xMBD-GFP recognizes hemimethylation and symmetric methylation of the CpG sequence of hybridized dsDNA, while displaying greater affinity for the symmetric methylation motif, as evaluated by SPR. From these studies, for symmetric mCpG, the KD for 1xMBD-GFP ranged from 10...
Experimental measurement of void fraction in cryogenic two phase upward flow

Abstract Experimental measurements of the void fraction in two-phase single component upward flow of both helium and nitrogen were carried out using the capacitance probe technique. An electronic circuit was designed and constructed to accurately detect small changes in the dielectric constant resulting from changes in density in the two-phase flow. A coaxial capacitance probe at the exit of the test section was used as the sensing element to pick up changes in void fraction. Tests were carried out at both adiabatic and diabatic conditions on two test section sizes (6.35 and 2.75 mm id and each 1000 mm long) with exit quality ranging from 0 to 100%, liquid flow of 5 to 35 lh −1 and inlet pressures of 1 to 2 atm. Analysis of the data indicates that the slip ratio (obtained from quality and void fraction measurements) is affected primarily by pressure, mixture quality, superficial velocity and to a lesser degree by the size of the test section. The data of helium and nitrogen is also compared with the predictions of Lockhart-Martinelli, Levy and the homogeneous models.
Possible Identification of a Metal-Rich Old Moving Group: High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Candidate Members

Using new high-resolution spectroscopic observations from both the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m and Kitt Peak NationalObservatory4mtelescopes,weobservedfourcandidatemembersof theUrsaMajormovinggrouppreviously suggested to instead belong to a significantly older kinematic assemblage. The Fe abundances we measure strongly suggest that these stars are not UMa members but form a more metal-rich group of stars (þ0:10 �½ Fe/H ��þ 0:18) with an age near 3 Gyr. Our [Ca/H] determinations corroborate this result. The apparent similarities in metallicity and previouslydiscoveredUVWspacemotionslendcredencetopriorsuggestionsthatthesestarsbelongtoafieldkinematic structure of uniform age. Li abundances have also been derived from the 6707 8 feature for all four stars and show the differences expected from the stars’ varying evolutionary states. The low Li abundance of one object, HD 88654, does not support its previously reported status as a postYT Tauri star candidate.
Exome Sequencing and the Genetics of Intellectual Disability

Exome sequencing has greatly impacted the speed at which new disease genes are identified. In the last year alone, six studies have used exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in intellectual disability, a genetically heterogeneous condition affecting 1-3% of the population. These studies encompass the full gamut of modes of inheritance and phenotypic presentation, including syndromic and non-syndromic conditions, sporadic and familial cases, and dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. Because different disease presentations require different approaches to gene discovery, studies of intellectual disability provide a nearly comprehensive showcase of strategies for exome-driven gene discovery. Despite these successes, the etiology of ~60% of cases of intellectual disability remains unknown. The application of exome sequencing to the clinical diagnosis of intellectual disability in the near future will ultimately reduce the number of idiopathic cases and provide a rich source of sequence variation for the identification of new intellectual disability genes.
Seismic radiation from regions sustaining material damage

We discuss analytical results for seismic radiation during rapid episodes of inelastic brittle deformation that include, in addition to the standard moment term, a damage-related term stemming from changes of elastic moduli in the source region. The radiation from the damage-related term is associated with products of the changes of elastic moduli and the total elastic strain components in the source region. Order of magnitude estimates suggest that the damage-related contribution to the motion in the surrounding elastic solid, which is neglected in standard calculations, can have appreciable amplitude that may in some cases be comparable to or larger than the moment contribution. A decomposition analysis shows that the damage-related source term has an isotropic component that can be larger than its double-couple component.
The Laity in the Church: Slovaks and the Catholic Church in pre-World War I Pittsburgh

In April 1895, the Pittsburgh Catholic , the official diocesan newspaper, proudly reported: the “progress” of Catholicism “is conspicuously marked in this diocese by the steady increase of churches to accom[m]odate the faithful”.This glowing assessment was prompted by news that the city's first Slovak Catholic church, Saint Elizabeth's, had been organized. Saint Elizabeth's came into existence because Slovak lay Catholics had taken it upon themselves to found a national church. If the diocese defined “progress” as an increase in the number of churches, Pittsburgh's Slovak immigrants certainly contributed to that progress during the next decade. By 1909, lay-initiated movements had led to the formation of three more Slovak Catholic churches in Pittsburgh.
Mutations Affecting a Yeast Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein, Pnt1p, Block Export of a Mitochondrially Synthesized Fusion Protein from the Matrix

The machinery that inserts mitochondrially encoded proteins into the inner membrane and translocates their hydrophilic domains through the membrane is poorly understood. We have developed a genetic screen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in this export process. The screen is based on the fact that the hydrophilic polypeptide Arg8mp is exported from the matrix if it is synthesized within mitochondria as a bifunctional Cox2p-Arg8mp fusion protein. Since export of Arg8mp causes an Arg− phenotype, defective mutants can be selected as Arg+. Here we show that mutations in the nuclear gene PNT1 block the translocation of mitochondrially encoded fusion proteins across the inner membrane. Pnt1p is a mitochondrial integral inner membrane protein that appears to have two hydrophilic domains in the matrix, flanking a central hydrophobic hairpin-like anchor. While an S. cerevisiae pnt1 deletion mutant was more sensitive to H2O2 than the wild type was, it was respiration competent and able to export wild-type Cox2p. However, deletion of the PNT1 orthologue from Kluyveromyces lactis, KlPNT1, caused a clear nonrespiratory phenotype, absence of cytochrome oxidase activity, and a defect in the assembly of KlCox2p that appears to be due to a block of C-tail export. Since PNT1 was previously described as a gene affecting resistance to the antibiotic pentamidine, our data support a mitochondrial target for this drug.
Association of Warfarin Use With CHADS2 Score in 441 Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and No Contraindications to Warfarin

The authors investigated the use of warfarin at hospital discharge in 557 consecutive patients, mean age 76 years, with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) at a university hospital. Of 557 patients with AF, 116 (21%) had contraindications to warfarin. Of patients eligible for warfarin, warfarin was used in 8 of 30 patients (27%) with a CHADS2 score of 0, in 82 of 132 patients (62%) with a CHADS2 score of 1, in 121 of 175 patients (70%) with a CHADS2 score of 2, in 72 of 77 patients (94%) with a CHADS2 score of 3, and in 27 of 27 patients (100%) with a CHADS2 score of 4 to 6. Warfarin was used in 123 of 168 patients (73%) older than 75 years, in 74 of 79 patients (94%) aged 65 to 75 years, and in 23 of 32 patients (72%) younger than 65 years. Warfarin was used in 80 of 116 patients (69%) with a glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and in 140 of 163 patients (86%) with a glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was no significant difference in use of warfarin between men and women and between whites and nonwhites. Prev Cardiol. 2010;13:172–174.©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of ethnicity and gender on agreement of severe allergy history between inpatient and outpatient electronic medical records.

*Objective: To evaluate the rate of allergy documentation during inpatient admissions and determine if discrepancies exist between ethnicities and English proficiency, genders, and by medication classes. Methods: Patients at an outpatient clinic with severe medication allergies documented in their electronic medical record were identified. Inpatient hospital admissions following the date this allergy was documented were reviewed and the presence or absence of this documentation in the inpatient electronic medical record was noted. An overall rate of successful documentation of allergies was calculated by dividing the number of admissions where the allergy was entered into by the total number of admissions where the opportunity to enter the allergy existed. Each patients ethnicity, gender, and the class of medication to which they were allergic to, was also recorded to determine if difference exist within each demographic. Results: Overall, allergy information was successfully entered in 84.6% of 246 hospital admissions. This rate was significantly lower (37.5%) among patients whose ethnicity groups, on average, have lower rates of English fluency. There was no significant difference between genders. Allergies to cephalosporins were less likely to be entered (44.4%). Conclusion: Patients who are not proficient in speaking English may be at an increased risk of experiencing an adverse drug reaction as their severe allergies are less likely to be documented during a hospital admission.
Adolescent Daughter/Midlife Mother Dyad: A New Look at Separation and Self-Definition

The mother–daughter relationship is seen as complex, unique, and emotionally charged, with adolescence being the most difficult period for this dyad. Yet much of the literature has highlighted the ...
TIMING IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF THE BAT

Echolocating bats use audition to guide much of their behavior. As in all vertebrates, their lower brainstem contains a number of parallel auditory pathways that provide excitatory or inhibitory outputs differing in their temporal discharge patterns and latencies. These pathways converge in the auditory midbrain, where many neurons are tuned to biologically important parameters of sound, including signal duration, frequency-modulated sweep direction, and the rate of periodic frequency or amplitude modulations. This tuning to biologically relevant temporal patterns of sound is created through the interplay of the time-delayed excitatory and inhibitory inputs to midbrain neurons. Because the tuning process requires integration over a relatively long time period, the rate at which midbrain auditory neurons respond corresponds to the cadence of sounds rather than their fine structure and may provide an output that is closely matched to the rate at which motor systems operate.
Sequencing and genetic analysis of a bovine DQB cDNA clone

A BoLA-DQB cDNA clone (BoLA-DQ beta-1) was isolated by screening a bovine lymphoblastoid cDNA library with a HLA-DQB genomic clone. The DNA and predicted protein sequences were compared to class II sequences from cattle and other species. BoLA-DQ beta-1 has 92.0% similarity to the coding regions of two previously sequenced BoLA-DQB genomic clones and 69.6% similarity to a BoLA-DR beta pseudogene. However, the first domain encoded by BoLA-DQ beta-1 has 94 amino acids; one more than the predicted size of the products encoded by two previously sequenced bovine DQB genes (BoDQ beta-Q1 and BoDQ beta-Y1). Comparing all coding regions, BoLA-DQ beta-1 has greater nucleotide similarity to HLA-DQB sequences than to I-A beta, HLA-DRB and I-E beta sequences. Like the HLA-DQB gene product, the cytoplasmic domain of the predicted protein encoded by BoLA-DQ beta-1 is eight amino acids shorter than that of I-A beta, HLA-DRB and I-E beta molecules. Six clone-specific amino acid substitutions were identified in the beta 1 domain of BoLA-DQ beta-1, including an unusual cysteine residue at position 13 which is believed to be positioned on a beta-strand and face into the antigen recognition site. Southern blot analysis of PvuII-digested genomic DNA from a paternal half-sibling family (sire, and six dam-offspring pairs) using BoLA-DQ beta-1 as a probe, revealed five allelic PvuII RFLP patterns, including two patterns not previously described, that cosegregated with serologically-defined BoLA-A (class I) alleles. The evolution, polymorphism and function of a transcriptionally active BoLA-DQB gene can now be readily studied using this DQB cDNA clone as a source of allele and locus-specific oligonucleotide primers.
Fixed point algorithm for bit rate optimal equalization in multicarrier systems

We present a fixed point algorithm for bit rate optimal time domain equalization in multicarrier systems. The algorithm outperforms standard MMSE equalizers in capacity measure. Moreover, it adaptively estimates the optimal signal delay which was an exhaustive search problem in MMSE equalizers. We discuss the convergence properties and demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on a twisted pair copper wire loop with additive non-white noise.
A Low-Power High-Speed Ultra-Wideband Pulse Radio Transmission System

We present a low-power high-speed ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter with a wireless transmission test platform. The system is specifically designed for low-power high-speed wireless implantable biosensors. The integrated transmitter consists of a compact pulse generator and a modulator. The circuit is fabricated in the 0.5-mum silicon-on-sapphire process and occupies 420 mum times 420 mum silicon area. The transmitter is capable of generating pulses with 1-ns width and the pulse rate can be controlled between 90 MHz and 270 MHz. We built a demonstration/testing system for the transmitter. The transmitter achieves a 14-Mb/s data rate. With 50% duty cycle data, the power consumption of the chip is between 10 mW and 21 mW when the transmission distance is from 3.2 to 4 m. The core circuit size is 70 mum times 130 mum.
The Clinical Significance of Positive Blood Cultures: A Comprehensive Analysis of 500 Episodes of Bacteremia and Fungemia in Adults. II. Clinical Observations, with Special Reference to Factors Influencing Prognosis

Among 500 patients with bacteremia and fungemia, total mortality was 42%; about half of all deaths were attributable directly to infection. Mortality increased with age, but deaths unrelated to infection itself were responsible in part for this increase. Mortality was 2.6% among obstetric-gynecologic patients, 42% among medical patients, 49% among surgical patients, and 60% among transplant patients. The risk of death was especially high with enterococcal, facultative gram-negative, fungal, polymicrobial, or hospital-acquired sepsis; in the presence of shock, leukopenia, absolute granulocytopenia, or defined predisposing conditions (neoplasia, cirrhosis, and combinations of factors such as surgery and renal failure); and with a primary infected focus in the respiratory tract, the skin, a surgical wound, an abscess, or an unknown site. Body temperature was inversely related to mortality. Survival was increased by the use of appropriate antibiotics and, where applicable, additional therapeutic maneuvers (e.g., drainage). Multivariate analysis defined seven variables that independently influenced outcome: microorganism, blood pressure, body temperature, primary focus of infection, place of acquisition of infection, age, and predisposing factors. Although some adverse prognostic factors are not amenable to intervention, prevention of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and early reversal of hypotension may reduce the death rate from sepsis.
Dyadic Green's function for a gyro-electric medium

The dyadic Green's function for a gyro-electric medium is derived using a new formulation technique, which consists of a matrix method with dyadic decomposition in the k-domain. The DGF derived here can be used to solve electromagnetic problems involving the ionosphere and new types of anisotropic materials such as ceramics and advanced composites.
Short-term smoking reduction is associated with reduction in measures of lower respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers

The beneficial effect of short-term smoking reduction in reducing lower respiratory tract inflammation was assessed in 15 healthy heavy smokers. All underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage and were then treated with at least 20 mg of nicotine gum daily. Self-reported cigarette consumption decreased from 50.7 +/- 2.3 to 18.8 +/- 1.5 (p less than 0.001) cigarettes daily, and expired CO decreased from 48.5 +/- 2.5 to 27.3 +/- 2.5 ppm (p less than 0.001). After two months, repeat bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed that bronchial inflammation, as assessed by direct inspection, neutrophilia of bronchial lavage fluid, and the number of alveolar macrophages, the number of alveolar neutrophils and the concentration of neutrophil elastase alpha 1-antiprotease complex in alveolar lavage fluid, had improved significantly. The present study suggests that smoking reduction may be associated with an improvement in lower respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers and may, if persistent, be an alternative for smokers who cannot, or do not wish, to quit.
Performance evaluation of a real time traffic sign recognition system

Traffic sign recognition has been a very active research topic for many years now. However, during this time of intensive research, no common evaluation methodology has been established. This paper explains in detail, how we evaluated our real time video-based traffic sign recognition system and thus may serve as a building block towards establishing a commonly accepted evaluation methodology. The proposed evaluation methods are taken from the visual surveillance research community, which was very active in evaluation techniques during the recent years.
The Muscle Ankyrin Repeat Proteins CARP, Ankrd2, and DARP Are Not Essential for Normal Cardiac Development and Function at Basal Conditions and in Response to Pressure Overload

Ankrd1/CARP, Ankrd2/Arpp, and Ankrd23/DARP belong to a family of stress inducible ankyrin repeat proteins expressed in striated muscle (MARPs). The MARPs are homologous in structure and localized in the nucleus where they negatively regulate gene expression as well as in the sarcomeric I-band, where they are thought to be involved in mechanosensing. Together with their strong induction during cardiac disease and the identification of causative Ankrd1 gene mutations in cardiomyopathy patients, this suggests their important roles in cardiac development, function, and disease. To determine the functional role of MARPs in vivo, we studied knockout (KO) mice of each of the three family members. Single KO mice were viable and had no apparent cardiac phenotype. We therefore hypothesized that the three highly homologous MARP proteins may have redundant functions in the heart and studied double and triple MARP KO mice. Unexpectedly, MARP triple KO mice were viable and had normal cardiac function both at basal levels and in response to mechanical pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction as assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic studies. Thus, CARP, Ankrd2, and DARP are not essential for normal cardiac development and function at basal conditions and in response to mechanical pressure overload.
PROTEOME-3D: An Interactive Bioinformatics Tool for Large-Scale Data Exploration and Knowledge Discovery

Comprehensive understanding of biological systems requires efficient and systematic assimilation of high-throughput datasets in the context of the existing knowledge base. A major limitation in the field of proteomics is the lack of an appropriate software platform that can synthesize a large number of experimental datasets in the context of the existing knowledge base. Here, we describe a software platform, termed PROTEOME-3D, that utilizes three essential features for systematic analysis of proteomics data: creation of a scalable, queryable, customized database for identified proteins from published literature; graphical tools for displaying proteome landscapes and trends from multiple large-scale experiments; and interactive data analysis that facilitates identification of crucial networks and pathways. Thus, PROTEOME-3D offers a standardized platform to analyze high-throughput experimental datasets for the identification of crucial players in co-regulated pathways and cellular processes.
Challenges: wide-area wirelesss NETworks (WANETs)

A WANET is a wireless network where the wireless nodes can be located anywhere over the globe. However, the underlying design is such that the nodes believe they are part of a single-hop or multi-hop wireless network at the PHY and MAC layers. This is accomplished by using Software Defined Access Points (SoDA) that are based on the idea of Software Defined Radio (SDR). For the uplink, each SoDA samples the down-converted channel using an ADC (analog-to-digital converter). The sampled data is then multicast to the other SoDAs via the Internet. At each end-point, the received digital signals from the other SoDAs are summed and sent through the DAC (digital-to-analog converter) and transmitted on a designated channel after upconversion. In effect what we have done is to mix the RF environment at geographically separate locations (albeit with a time shift). This simple technique leads to a whole new model for designing and using wireless networks. Indeed, we can think of these networks as following the end-to-end model where only the end nodes understand the PHY/MAC layers and the access points and Internet serve simply as dumb relays. This paper describes a series of network models that are enabled and outlines the open research challenges.
Multi-Instance Active Learning with Online Labeling for Object Recognition

Robots deployed in domains characterized by nondeterministic action outcomes and unforeseen changes frequently need considerable knowledge about the domain and tasks they have to perform. Humans, however, may not have the time and expertise to provide elaborate or accurate domain knowledge, and it may be difficult for robots to obtain many labeled training samples of domain objects and events. For widespread deployment, robots thus need the ability to incrementally and automatically extract relevant domain knowledge from multimodal sensor inputs, acquiring and using human feedback when such feedback is necessary and available. This paper describes a multiple-instance active learning algorithm for such incremental learning in the context of building models of relevant domain objects. We introduce the concept of bag uncertainty, enabling robots to identify the need for feedback, and to incrementally revise learned object models by associating visual cues extracted from images with verbal cues extracted from limited high-level human feedback. Images of indoor and outdoor scenes drawn from the IAPR TC-12 benchmark dataset are used to show that our algorithm provides better object recognition accuracy than a state of the art multiple-instance active learning algorithm.
Aluminum coatings as a deuterium permeation barrier on foam shells and the dependence on foam surface finish

Low-density foam shells are currently being employed as direct drive targets on the Omega laser facility at the University of Rochester. For cryogenic shots, only a thin layer of glow discharge polymer (GDP) is required over these foam shells to hold the D 2 (or DT) fill provided the capsules are re-filled after cooling. Room temperature surrogate experiments, however, require an additional permeation barrier of aluminum on GDP coated foam shells. This barrier should have a permeation time constant of at least 4 h for D 2 at room temperature. To study this coating, 0.1 μm layers of Al were deposited via magnetron sputtering onto the surface of GDP shells and GDP coated foam shells. The foam shells were 180 mg/cc resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) with a GDP thickness of 3-5 μm; the GDP shells used for this study had a wall thickness of 25-30 μm. Preliminary data shows that the permeation rate of D 2 for smooth GDP shells is lower than for GDP coated RF shells with a similar thickness of Al. The main factor in this difference appears to be the surface roughness of the shells.
Which Way are We Going? Environmental Justice in the Aftermath of the Deep Horizon Oil Spill

The Deep Horizon Oil evokes numerous emotions because of the untold damage the Gulf ecosystem and beyond. Thousands of jobs have been lost and costs to the fishing and tourism industry extend over a billion dollars. However, very little has been addressed in terms of environmental justice and this may have to due with the fact that the petroleum industry is an employment staple along the Gulf Coast. Just in 2007, the petroleum industry contributed over 70 billion dollars to the Louisiana economy and bankrolled 14% of their budget. This paper explores to what extent EJ claims have been raised since the Deep Horizon Oil Spill. I argue that EJ claims are often difficult to prove because of the high legal threshold of proving intent. However, this belies the concern that people are still exposed to certain and uncertain environmental risks. Drawing upon ecological modernization theory as well as the federal principle of shared governance I posit that a new policy framework which offers a broader and more comprehensive framework is critical if the Gulf is truly to remain a protected and safe ecosystem.
Toxicity and hazard of diazinon, ethion, and supracide to turkeys.

The single acute oral and dermal doses of diazinon, ethion, and Supracide ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with 4-(mercaptomethyl)-2-methoxy-∆2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one) were determined for 8- and 18-week-old broadbreasted white turkeys. The hazard to turkeys of exposure to soils treated for control of chiggers was evaluated. Diazinon was the most toxic of the 3 compounds, being lethal for 18-week-old turkeys at 2 mg/kg orally and toxic at 5 mg/kg dermally. In spite of this rather high toxicity, the hazard provided by exposing the turkeys to soil treated with 16 Ib/acre (18 kg per hectare) of diazinon seemed minimal in that no birds were poisoned. Soil so treated contained, on each square foot, sufficient diazinon to kill 9 turkeys if administered orally or 4 if administered dermally in single doses. Applications of 64 Ib per acre (72 kg/hectare) of ethion or of Supracide failed to cause poisoning.
The Uses and Impacts of Mobile Computing Technology in Hot Spots Policing

BACKGROUND: Recent technological advances have much potential for improving police performance, but there has been little research testing whether they have made police more effective in reducing crime. OBJECTIVE: To study the uses and crime control impacts of mobile computing technology in the context of geographically focused "hot spots" patrols. RESEARCH DESIGN: An experiment was conducted using 18 crime hot spots in a suburban jurisdiction. Nine of these locations were randomly selected to receive additional patrols over 11 weeks. Researchers studied officers' use of mobile information technology (IT) during the patrols using activity logs and interviews. Nonrandomized subgroup and multivariate analyses were employed to determine if and how the effects of the patrols varied based on these patterns. RESULTS: Officers used mobile computing technology primarily for surveillance and enforcement (e.g., checking automobile license plates and running checks on people during traffic stops and field interviews), and they noted both advantages and disadvantages to its use. Officers did not often use technology for strategic problem-solving and crime prevention. Given sufficient (but modest) dosages, the extra patrols reduced crime at the hot spots, but this effect was smaller in places where officers made greater use of technology. CONCLUSIONS: Basic applications of mobile computing may have little if any direct, measurable impact on officers' ability to reduce crime in the field. Greater training and emphasis on strategic uses of IT for problem-solving and crime prevention, and greater attention to its behavioral effects on officers, might enhance its application for crime reduction.© The Author(s) 2016. Language: en
THE STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO WATERSHED MODELING

The stochastic approach to watershed modeling refers to the techniques used to generate synthetic hydrologic data. These data may be used either for input to a parametric watershed model or to provide directly an estimate of the output of a hydrologic process. In both cases the basic techniques of the generation processes are the same. The type of process depends primarily on the purpose for which the data are being generated and on the quality and quantity of sample data. Techniques are presented which can be used to generate data for one or any number of variates. The data generated can be normal, skewed, or log normal, and include serial correlation. If two or more variates are involved, cross correlation may also be considered. Brief discussions concerning missing data, statistical tests, random number generation, and interpretation of results are presented along with a review of the generation schemes that have been used in the stochastic generation of hydrologic data.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Liuzhou City from 2009-2012

[Objective]To analyze the distribution characteristics and epidemiological trend of hand-foot-mouth disease( HFMD) in Liuzhou City from 2009-2012,provide a scientific basis for making prevention measures of HFMD.[Methods]The data of HFMD cases in Liuzhou City from 2009-2012,which were reported by the Disease surveillance information management system,were analyzed.[Results]A total of 65 735 HFMD cases were reported in Liuzhou City from 2009-2012,and there were 409 severe cases and 23 death cases.The annual reported incidence rate was 205.54 / lakh,437.94 / lakh,456.81 / lakh and 624.42 / lakh,respectively.The peak season was April to June,and the cases were found in all 11 counties / districts.The incidence rate in males was higher than that in females.95.68% of patients were children under 5 years old.The scattered children and nursery children accounted for 67.79% and 28.95% respectively.Among 366 cases confirmed by laboratory examination,71.86% were positive for enterovirus 71( EV71),9.29% were positive for coxsackie virus A16( CoxA16),and 18.85% were positive for other enteric virus.[Conclusion]The incidence rate of HFMD shows a rising trend in Liuzhou City,so HFMD prevention and control can not be ignored.It is necessary to strengthen multi-sector cooperation,and improve the prevention and control among scattered children and nursery children,to reduce HFMD outbreak.
Antitumor interaction of short-course endostatin and ionizing radiation.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether endostatin, an antiangiogenic cleavage fragment of collagen XVIII, enhances the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation (IR). Endostatin was injected to coincide with fractionated radiotherapy. METHODS Xenografts of radioresistant SQ-20B tumor cells were established in athymic nude mice. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into C57BI/6 mice. Mice bearing SQ-20B xenografts were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg/day of murine recombinant endostatin 5 times per week for 2 weeks 3 hours before IR treatment (50 Gy total dose). Mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma tumors were injected intraperitoneally with endostatin (2.5 mg/kg/day) four times; the first injection was given 24 hours before the first IR dose (15 Gy) and then 3 hours before IR (15 Gy/day) for 3 consecutive days. Microvascular density was assessed on tumor tissue sections by use of CD31 immunohistochemistry and light microscopy. Endothelial cell survival analyses were employed to evaluate endostatin effects on human aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelial cell apoptosis was examined by use of FACS analysis and DAPI microscopy. RESULTS In SQ-20B xenografts, combined treatment with endostatin and IR produced tumor growth inhibition that was most pronounced at the nadir of regression (day 21). By day 35, tumors receiving combined treatment with endostatin and IR were 47% smaller than tumors treated with endostatin alone. Interactive cytotoxic treatment effects between endostatin and IR were also demonstrated in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. Significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in the endostatin/IR group at days 11 and 13 compared with IR alone. Histologic analyses demonstrated a reduction in microvascular density after combined treatment with endostatin and IR compared with endostatin treatment alone. Survival analyses confirmed interactive cytotoxicity between endostatin and IR in both human aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells but not in SQ-20B tumor cells. Combined treatment with endostatin and IR produced an increase in cow pulmonary artery endothelial apoptosis compared with either treatment alone. DISCUSSION The tumor regression observed after combined treatment with endostatin and IR suggests additive antitumor effects in both human and murine tumors. Importantly, the concentrations of endostatin employed produced little tumor regression when endostatin was employed as a single agent. The results from the clonogenic and apoptosis assays support the hypothesis that the endothelial compartment is the target for the endostatin/IR interaction.
Experimental methods: Pay one or pay all

Abstract In some experiments participants make multiple decisions; this feature facilitates gathering a considerable amount of incentivized data over the course of a compact session. A conservative payment scheme is to pay for the outcome from every decision made. An alternative approach is to pay for the outcome of only a subset of the choices made, with the amount at stake for this choice multiplied to compensate for the decreased likelihood of that choice’s outcome being drawn for payoff. This “pay one” approach can help to avoid wealth effects, hedging, and bankruptcy considerations. A third method is to pay only a subset of the participants for their choices, thereby minimizing transactions costs. While the evidence on differences across payment methods is mixed, overall it suggests that paying for only a subset of periods or individuals is at least as effective as the “pay all” approach and can well be more effective. We further the discussion about how to best choose an incentive structure when designing an experiment.
Stateless model checking with data-race preemption points

Stateless model checking is a powerful technique for testing concurrent programs, but suffers from exponential state space explosion when the test input parameters are too large. Several reduction techniques can mitigate this explosion, but even after pruning equivalent interleavings, the state space size is often intractable. Most prior tools are limited to preempting only on synchronization APIs, which reduces the space further, but can miss unsynchronized thread communication bugs. Data race detection, another concurrency testing approach, focuses on suspicious memory access pairs during a single test execution. It avoids concerns of state space size, but may report races that do not lead to observable failures, which jeopardizes a user’s willingness to use the analysis. We present Quicksand, a new stateless model checking framework which manages the exploration of many state spaces using different preemption points. It uses state space estimation to prioritize jobs most likely to complete in a fixed CPU budget, and it incorporates data-race analysis to add new preemption points on the fly. Preempting threads during a data race’s instructions can automatically classify the race as buggy or benign, and uncovers new bugs not reachable by prior model checkers. It also enables full verification of all possible schedules when every data race is verified as benign within the CPU budget. In our evaluation, Quicksand found 1.25x as many bugs and verified 4.3x as many tests compared to prior model checking approaches.
Local failure and acute radiodermatological toxicity in patients undergoing radiation therapy with and without postmastectomy chest wall bolus: Is bolus ever necessary?

Abstract Purpose Postmastectomy chest wall radiation therapy has historically used bolus to increase dose at the skin surface. Despite the theoretical benefits of bolus, the clinical implications of locoregional tumor control, cosmesis, and the incidence of radiodermatitis are less well characterized. We hypothesized that treatment in the presence or absence of bolus results in equivalent chest wall recurrence rates, but its presence results in more severe acute dermatologic toxicity. Methods and materials Locally advanced breast cancer patients undergoing chest wall radiation therapy were retrospectively reviewed from 2005 to 2015 (n = 106; 53 with bolus, 53 without). Outcomes including local failure, acute skin toxicity, and treatment interruptions were recorded. Median age was 59 years (range, 28-91) and median follow-up was 34 months. Histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (73%), invasive lobular carcinoma (20%), inflammatory (6%), and neuroendocrine (1%). Fifty-nine percent were T3/T4 primary tumors and 29.2% had clinical/pathologic skin involvement. Node-positive patients accounted for 80.2%. Chemotherapy was administered in 84.0%. All patients had 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and received a median dose of 61Gy (range, 50-63 Gy). Results Local failure was 6.6% (n = 7) overall, with 4 failures in the bolus group and 3 in the no bolus group. No pathological factors were associated with local failure. Acute grade 2 and 3 skin toxicities (37 vs 22) and treatment interruptions (20 vs 3) were more common in the bolus group (P Conclusions Bolus omission in adjuvant chest wall radiation therapy may be a reasonable approach to avoid acute skin toxicity and treatment interruptions while preserving local control; however, further study will be needed to reach a definitive conclusion.