cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Born in a tempest when my mother died’: Shakespeare’s Motherless Daughters

Shakespeare’s strongest female characters all have one thing in common: none of them have a mother. This chapter examines the effect of the absent mother on three of Shakespeare’s heroines, from Much Ado About Nothing to The Winter’s Tale. In particular, this chapter explores how these motherless daughters use their mothers’ absence to fuel strong personalities and personal autonomy. Many of Shakespeare’s motherless daughters take their destinies into their own hands, often as a result of making up for the absence of a maternal figure demonstrating the ‘natural’ feminine qualities of prudency, modesty, and gravity. A study of Shakespeare’s pretty chicks and their absent dams in this collection, then, allows us both a deeper understanding of the early modern creation of self in regard to the mother, and gives us the opportunity to see the ways Shakespeare’s missing mothers echo through the centuries to, ironically, give birth to a lineage of strong female characters.
The Exports Demand Equation

Exports are found to be mainly a function of our trading partner’s incomes, the exchange rate, the level of imports (providing cash to buy our exports), the prime interest rate, and inflation.
An Integrated Approach to Case Services and Social Reform

The framework of an integrated approach to case services and social reform is presented. Issues of the primacy of the worker-client relationship and the necessity for engaging in selected covert so...
Whispering-gallery microresonators for sensing technologies

Ultra-high-quality, whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical micro-resonators provide an unprecedented capability to trap light in a highly confined volume, smaller than a strand of human hair. A beam of light can travel the boundary of a WGM resonator over 106 times, significantly enhancing light-matter interactions for a variety of sensing applications. Our group has leveraged WGM sensors for a wide array of applications, including the detection of infrared light, gas sensing, photo-acoustic imaging, and nanoparticle detection and sizing. We have also developed a new hand-held microresonator platform that can be combined with commercial devices such as drones, as well as a fiber-based, WGM microprobe sensor.
Kinetic Studies of Immobilized α-Chymotrypsin in Apolar Solvents

The mechanism of α-chymotrypsin action has been probed by extending studies of native chymotrypsin to immobilized chymo-trypsin, where the organic content of the solution can be raised to much higher levels and thus one can explicitly look at the role of water. When one does this, one finds that water only appears in the deacylation reaction. The premise that one can go from native chymotrypsin (soluble) to immobilized chymotrypsin (insoluble) has been tested by several criteria. It has been found in many instances that the two are identical: in absolute rate, in pK a. They are, however, not identical to one another in binding, due to differences in diffusion, which is to be expected. Thus, mechanistically immobilized and native chymotrypsin are identical to one another and the use of immobilized chymotrypsin can be used to specify the mechanism even more: it must proceed through two tetrahedral intermediates and two acyl-enzyme intermediates.
Rapamycin inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway blocks select stages of VEGF-A driven angiogenesis in part through the blockade of S6Kinase

289 Objective_We evaluated the stages of VEGF-A driven angiogenesis inhibited by therapeutic doses of rapamycin and the potential role of S6K in the earliest stage of the VEGF-response. Methods and Results_Adenovirus expressing VEGF-A was introduced to the ear of adult mice and a series of 4 key developmental stages of vascular and lymphatic morphogenesis were followed. Rapamycin was used to inhibit each stage independently to assess its impact on the vascular and lymphatic response. Rapamycin (0.5mg/kg) effectively inhibited mTOR signaling to S6K and partially inhibited pSer473Akt signaling likely through feedback from TORC2. The effects on the vasculature were observed at the earliest stages through the inhibition of mother vessels and vascular permeability, and at the mid-stages through the near-complete elimination of glomeruloid vessels. However, vascular malformations and lymphatics remained unaffected. In this study we used retroviral delivery to alter gene expression in the dividing cells responding to VEGF-A. We demonstrated that S6K signaling has an important role to play in the VEGF-A response at these early stages using S6K siRNA and dominant active S6K gene expression in vivo. Conclusions_Rapamycin has potent effects on VEGF-A driven angiogenesis, but notably not on VEGF-A driven lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, in addition to the role that inhibition of Akt signaling plays in these effects, rapamycin inhibition of S6K signaling is also likely to be a major component of rapamycin’s inhibition of VEGF-A driven angiogenesis.
TCT-753 Incidence of compartment syndrome after cardiac catheterization via transradial approach

Femoral and radial artery access are all well established for both diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Transradial access has been shown to be associated with lower risk for bleeding complications, but is rarely leads to compartment syndrome. We
“Chemistry is the new hope”: Therapeutic Communities and Methadone Maintenance, 1965–71

AbstractHistorians generally agree that the “classic era” of narcotics control, a period of punitive drug policies and limited treatment options, came to an end in the early 1960s along with, among other things, the emergence of methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addiction. But methadone was not the only treatment model competing to replace the punitive system; throughout the 1960s therapeutic communities also competed for funding and political legitimacy. A close examination of the debate between promoters of these different approaches complicates the progressive narrative of addiction policy moving seamlessly from punitive and conservative to sympathetic and liberal approaches. A compromised treatment infrastructure that combined methadone, therapeutic communities, and criminal justice approaches to addiction, ultimately emerged from the conflict – a compromise that retained key elements of the carceral approach while minimizing the boldest challenges to it, thus laying the groundwork for the dr...
Effects of Rules and Feedback on Classroom Behavior of Adolescents in a Residential Treatment Setting

Over the past 30 years, researchers have shown that various types of group contingency procedures can decrease problem behavior displayed by young children in academic settings. Recently, researche...
Genetic analysis of resistance/susceptibility in individual F3 families of rice against strains of Magnaporthe grisea containing different genes for avirulence

A cross was made between rice cultivars Katy and Lemont. F3 families were produced from individual F2 plants. Approximately 25 plants of each F3 family were inoculated with each of 8 different strains of Magnaporthe grisea. Each strain of the pathogen was known to have different genes for avirulence on Katy or Lemont. Each F3 family was recorded as having all plants resistant, segregating for resistance, or all plants being susceptible. The results suggest that the ‘single’ gene for resistance in Katy is a tightly linked cluster of at least seven genes.
CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors as a target for genetic correction of the two flavocytochrome b558 defective forms of chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) can result from any of four single gene defects involving components of the superoxide (O2-.)-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase (phox). The phox transmembrane flavocytochrome b558 is composed of two peptides, gp91phox and p22phox. Mutations of gp91phox cause X-linked CGD, whereas mutations of p22phox cause one of the three autosomal recessive forms of CGD. We used the Maloney leukemia virus-based MFG retrovirus vector to produce replication defective retroviruses encoding gp91phox or p22phox. To maximize viral titer MFG retroviruses do not contain internal promoter or resistance elements. Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphocyte cell lines (EBV- B) derived from normal individuals contain phox components and produce O2-., whereas those derived from CGD patients show the CGD defect. Transduction of gp91phox or p22phox-deficient CGD EBV-B lines resulted in correction of O2-. production from a barely detectable baseline to an average 7.2% and 13.8% of normal control, respectively, without any selective regimen to enrich for transduced cells. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, the therapeutic target for gene therapy of CGD, were isolated from peripheral blood of CGD patients, transduced with MFG- phox retroviruses, and differentiated in culture to mature phagocytes. Transduction of progenitors corrected the gp91phox (seven patients) and p22phox (two patients) CGD phagocyte oxidase defect to 2.5% and 4.9% of normal O2-. production, respectively, representing an 87-fold and 161- fold increase. These studies show correction of flavocytochrome b558- deficient CGD in primary hematopoietic progenitors, providing a basis for development of gene therapy for the X-linked gp91phox and autosomal p22phox-deficient forms of CGD.
Biocatalytic Production of Tetrahydroisoquinolines.

The enzyme is efficiently employed as biocatalyst for the synthesis of a variety of tetrahydroisoquinolines by cyclizing dopamine with aldehydes.
Footwear and injury prevention in elite American football

Injuries to the lower extremity are of particular concern in American football (Rodeo et al., 1990, Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007, Hershman et al., 2012, Lievers & Adamic, 2015). Due to the magnitude...
Conference Report: Annual Meeting of the Society for Ethnomusicology

Popular music has regularly been a part of the Society for Ethnomusicology (SEM), and the 2018 SEM meeting had a lot to offer scholars of popular music. There were panels on topics such as “Engendering Popular Music Soundscapes,” “Popular Musics and Indigenous Ontologies,” and “Global Pop
B-Splines-Based Fuzzy C-Means to Maximizing Overlap Areas for Interconnected Power Systems

In order to strengthen the communication of interconnected power systems, we need to classify more buses in the overlap areas in the partitioning process. A modified algorithm called maximum overlap fuzzy c-means (FCM) is proposed to address this issue by incorporating a bridgeness term and a between-cluster measure term into the objective function. Then we propose to use B-spline curves to represent membership degrees instead of fuzzy membership degrees. This B-splines based maximum overlap FCM will generate more overlap areas between subsystems. Furthermore, it can also reduce the number of iteration steps compared with the maximum overlap FCM.
Tolyporphins L-R: Unusual Tetrapyrroles from a Brasilonema sp. of Cyanobacterium.

Tolyporphins L–R (2–8) have been isolated from a mixed cyanobacterium-microbial culture. The structures of tolyporphins L and M have been revised to four constitutional isomers, isolated as two mix...
CHAPTER III – ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the elementary functions. Rational approximations for the circular functions presented are based on the main diagonal Pade approximations for e-z. Chebyshev coefficients for the various functions can be built up by employment of results on integrals of Chebyshev polynomials that are derived. The chapter also discusses the numerical values of Chebyshev coefficients for the principal functions. It presents coefficients for the dilogarithm and inverse tangent integrals.
Sex-driven modifiers of Alzheimer risk: A multimodality brain imaging study.

Objective To investigate sex differences in late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) risks by means of multimodality brain biomarkers (β-amyloid load via 11C-Pittsburgh compound B [PiB] PET, neurodegeneration via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] PET and structural MRI). Methods We examined 121 cognitively normal participants (85 women and 36 men) 40 to 65 years of age with clinical, laboratory, neuropsychological, lifestyle, MRI, FDG- and PiB-PET examinations. Several clinical (e.g., age, education, APOE status, family history), medical (e.g., depression, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia), hormonal (e.g., thyroid disease, menopause), and lifestyle AD risk factors (e.g., smoking, diet, exercise, intellectual activity) were assessed. Statistical parametric mapping and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions were used to compare AD biomarkers between men and women and to identify the risk factors associated with sex-related differences. Results Groups were comparable on clinical and cognitive measures. After adjustment for each modality-specific confounders, the female group showed higher PiB β-amyloid deposition, lower FDG glucose metabolism, and lower MRI gray and white matter volumes compared to the male group (p Conclusion Hormonal risk factors, in particular menopause, predict AD endophenotype in middle-aged women. These findings suggest that the window of opportunity for AD preventive interventions in women is early in the endocrine aging process.
Influence of Co 2+ on the Structure, Conductivity, and Electrochemical Stability of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Energy Storage Devices

In the present work, using a simple solution cast technique, a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-doped cobalt chloride (CoCl2) solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were successfully prepared. The effect of dopant on the morphology, structure, thermal, and electrochemical stability of the PEO films was systematically studied, and their ionic conductivity was examined. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data provide evidence of the complex nature and existence of various microscopic interactions. The PEO ionic conductivity of 8.6 × 10−8 S cm−1 was found to increase to 3.5 × 10−3 S cm−1 upon the inclusion of 5 wt.% of CoCl2 at 303 K. An effort was made to understand the enhanced conductivity. Several studies were utilized to better understand the fundamental interplay of ion content and segmental motion using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation with typical investigations based on the fit of temperature-dependent conductivity data. The activation energy (Ea) decreased with increasing dopant concentration. The PCL5 transfer number (tion) was determined to be 0.93, evidence of the ionic nature of the doped electrolyte. Further, the purity and electrochemical stability of SPEs were studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry. The thermal analysis showed reduced crystallinity and changes in glass transition and melting temperature at lower temperature, indicating enhanced amorphous content, thus confirming faster ion conduction. These SPEs with excellent electrical performance are promising candidates for electrolytes in solid-state batteries and other energy storage devices.
Efficacy of Endocuff Vision compared to first-generation Endocuff in adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate in high-definition colonoscopy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background and study aims Recently, the newer Endocuff Vision (ECV) has been evaluated for improving colonoscopy outcome metrics such as adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR). Due to lack of direct comparative studies between ECV and original Endocuff (ECU), we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate these outcomes. Methods The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Sciences to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ECV or ECU colonoscopy to high-definition (HD) colonoscopy. Direct as well as network meta-analyses comparing ADR and PDR were performed using a random effects model. Relative-risk (RR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results A total of 12 RCTs with 8638 patients were included in the final analysis. On direct meta-analysis, ECV did not demonstrate statistically improved ADR compared to HD colonoscopy (RR: 1.12, 95 % CI 0.99–1.27). A clinically and statistically improved PDR was noted for ECV compared to HD (RR: 1.15, 95 % CI 1.03–1.28) and ECU compared to HD (RR: 1.26, 95 % CI 1.09–1.46) as well as improved ADR (RR: 1.22, 95 % CI 1.05–1.43) was observed for ECU colonoscopy when compared to HD colonoscopy. These results were also consistent on network meta-analysis. Lower overall complication rates (RR: 0.14, 95 % CI 0.02–0.84) and particularly lacerations/erosions (RR: 0.11, 95 % CI 0.02–0.70) were noted with ECV compared to ECU colonoscopy. Conclusions Although safe, the newer ECV did not significantly improve ADR compared to ECU and HD colonoscopy. Further device modification is needed to increase the overall ADR and PDR.
Efficacy of AAV9-mediated SGPL1 gene transfer in a mouse model of S1P lyase insufficiency syndrome

Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), which is required for the final step of sphingolipid metabolism. SPLIS features include steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and impairment of neurological, endocrine, and hematopoietic systems. Many affected individuals die within the first 2 years. No targeted therapy for SPLIS is available. We hypothesized that SGPL1 gene replacement would address the root cause of SPLIS, thereby serving as a universal treatment for the condition. As proof of concept, we evaluated the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9-mediated transfer of human SGPL1 (AAV-SPL) given to newborn Sgpl1-KO mice that model SPLIS and die in the first weeks of life. Treatment dramatically prolonged survival and prevented nephrosis, neurodevelopmental delay, anemia, and hypercholesterolemia. STAT3 pathway activation and elevated proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines observed in KO kidneys were attenuated by treatment. Plasma and tissue sphingolipids were reduced in treated compared with untreated KO pups. SGPL1 expression and activity were measurable for at least 40 weeks. In summary, early AAV-SPL treatment prevents nephrosis, lipidosis, and neurological impairment in a mouse model of SPLIS. Our results suggest that SGPL1 gene replacement holds promise as a durable and universal targeted treatment for SPLIS.
Expression of Myosin 5a splice variants in murine stomach

BACKGROUND The motor protein, Myosin 5a (Myo5a) is known to play a role in inhibitory neurotransmission in gastric fundus. However, there is no information regarding the relative expression of total Myo5a, or of its alternative exon splice variants, across the stomach. This study investigated the differential distribution of Myo5a variants expressed within distinct anatomical regions of murine stomach. METHODS The distribution of Myo5a protein and mRNA in the stomach was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Quantitative PCR, restriction enzyme analysis, and electrophoresis were used to identify Myo5a splice variants and quantify their expression levels in the fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus. KEY RESULTS Myo5a protein colocalized with βIII-Tubulin in the myenteric plexus, and with synaptophysin in nerve fibers. Total Myo5a mRNA expression was lower in pylorus than in antrum, body, or fundus (p < 0.001), which expressed equivalent amounts of Myo5a. However, Myo5a splice variants were differentially expressed across the stomach. While the ABCE splice variant predominated in the antrum and body regions, the ACEF/ACDEF variants were enriched in fundus and pylorus. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Myo5a splice variants varied in their relative expression across anatomically distinguishable stomach regions and might mediate distinct physiological functions in gastric neurotransmission.
One-year impact of a bowel management program in treating fecal incontinence in patients with anorectal malformations.

Abstract Background Many patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) need a bowel management program (BMP) to manage lifelong problems of fecal incontinence or severe constipation. We aimed to evaluate the sustainability of the results in such a program. Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed in children with ARM who attended our BMP (2015–2019). Standardized definitions and validated tools were used to assess fecal continence (Baylor Continence Scale), constipation (Cleveland Constipation Scoring System), urinary symptoms (Vancouver Symptoms Score), and the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at the start of BMP and 1-year after completion of the program. Results 222 patients with ARM at a median age of 6.7 (IQR, 4.9–10.1) years were identified. All (100%) soiled at intake with 149 (67.1%) patients being treated with rectal or antegrade enemas and 73 (32.9%) with oral laxatives. At 1 year 150 (70.4%) were clean, 72.7% were on enemas and 27.3% were on laxatives (p = 0.08). 109 out of 148 (73.6%) patients were clean on enemas. A further 41 out of 66 (62.1%) patients were continent on laxatives with voluntary bowel movements and clean. In the group that was clean, there was improvement in Baylor Continence Scale (25 vs. 13.0, p Conclusion An intensive BMP offers significant benefits in the treatment of fecal incontinence in ARM. It appears to also improve urinary incontinence and urinary voiding as well as the patient's quality of life. These changes are sustainable over at least one year.
An alternative formulation of vibrational heat-bath configuration interaction

Recently, a selected vibrational configuration interaction method was introduced where the selection of the vibrational basis was performed using the heat-bath algorithm (VHCI). This method was ada...
Trends in involuntary admissions for observation in malta

Introduction Schedule II of the 2013 Mental Health Act is part of the legal framework for involuntary admission to a licensed mental healthcare facility in Malta (Mount Carmel Hospital) for observation. Objectives To identify trends in presenting features cited by registered specialists in psychiatry in Schedule II applications as well as impact of time of day on involuntary admission. Methods Schedule II forms relating to all involuntary admissions to Mount Carmel Hospital between 01 June 2018 and 01 June 2019 were retrieved from paper files (n=364). Details relating to reason for using this legal framework were recorded and processed through custom linguistic analysis. Timings of application were also assessed. Data Protection permissions to retrospectively access patient files were obtained. All data collected was de-identified at source. Results The commonest reason for use of Schedule II was psychosis (n=139). Substance abuse was recorded in 68 cases, with alcohol and cannabinoids the commonest substances cited. 155 instances relate to situations of increased risk, the commonest being aggressive behaviour (n=74). 61 cases recorded suicidal intent. Peak use of this schedule occurs between 17:00 and 18:00, which is outside normal working hours. Conclusions Predominance of psychosis as a reason for involuntary admission concurs with trends reported internationally, including recent German, Irish and Dutch reports, as does increased use of involuntary admission with out-of-hours presentations. Practices relating to involuntary admission to a mental healthcare facility in Malta appear to reflect general trends in other European cohorts, despite differing legal frameworks.
Effects of Selective Cardiac Denervation on Collateral Blood Flow after Coronary Artery Occlusion in Conscious Dogs

The extent to which cardiac nerves regulate responses to myocardial ischemia remains controversial. Our data in conscious dogs indicate that neither selective posterior left ventricular (LV) wall denervation nor selective ventricular denervation, leaving the atria intact, modifies the effects of coronary artery occlusion (for 24 h) on regional myocardial function and infarct size as compared to normally innervated dogs. Since hemodynamic changes were similar among the three groups after coronary artery occlusion, it is possible to speculate that responses of collateral blood flow to the ischemic zone were also not modified by chronic selective cardiac denervation. To address this, individual samples were selected and included in either the infarcted (TTC negative) or salvaged (TTC positive) group. The infarcted and salvaged samples were paired according to blood flow levels of 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, or 0.3–0.4 ml/min/g at either 5 min, 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h after coronary artery occlusion. The results demonstrated similar patterns of myocardial blood flow in tissue samples within the area at risk after coronary artery occlusion in the animals, regardless of whether the ischemic zone was innervated or denervated. While blood flow rose in ischemie tissue that ultimately was salvaged, and tended not to rise over the 24 h monitoring period in tissue samples that became necrotic, no differences could be discerned on the basis of intact or absent innervation of the ischemie zone. Thus, chronic absence of cardiac nerves does not affect regulation of ischemie zone blood flow following coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs.
Modeling of Aerobrake Ballute Stagnation Point Temperature and Heat Transfer to Inflation Gas

A trailing Ballute drag device concept for spacecraft aerocapture is considered. A thermal model for calculation of the Ballute membrane temperature and the inflation gas temperature is developed. An algorithm capturing the most salient features of the concept is implemented. In conjunction with the thermal model, trajectory calculations for two candidate missions, Titan Explorer and Neptune Orbiter missions, are used to estimate the stagnation point temperature and the inflation gas temperature. Radiation from both sides of the membrane at the stagnation point and conduction to the inflating gas is included. The results showed that the radiation from the membrane and to a much lesser extent conduction to the inflating gas, are likely to be the controlling heat transfer mechanisms and that the increase in gas temperature due to aerodynamic heating is of secondary importance.
Methodology and Findings

Economic systems are open systems that use materials and energy provided by their surroundings for the production of goods and services that are desired by consumers. However, the use of materials and energy degrades the environment, thereby ultimately reducing the environment’s ability to provide goods and services for the economy. Degradation takes place in two distinct forms, the exhaustion of nonrenewable resource stocks and the release of waste products and radiant heat into the environment. Both forms of environmental degradation affect the structure and function of the ecosystem and are fundamentally interrelated.
Dominant Congenital Deafness and Progressive Optic Atrophy. Report of a Family Through Four Generations

Six persons in four generations had congenital severe deafness and progressive mid-life visual failure. The 53-year-old proband and her 9-year-old son, studied in detail, had severe neural hearing loss and optic atrophy, much more severe in the mother. Her vision was 20/80 in each eye while her son's vision was normal. No cause for the hearing or visual loss was present except heredity. The proband's father, seen years ago at the age of 68, was congenitally deaf and had progressive visual loss with optic atrophy. By history, the proband's two maternal aunts and paternal grandmother had this same syndrome. The syndrome, transmitted by dominant mode, is unique and distinct from other familial syndromes of visual and hearing loss, including those described by Usher, Refsum, Alstrom, Cockayne, Norrie, Small, Sylvester, Rosenberg and Chutorian, and Tunbridge and Paley.
Compromised HOXA5 function can limit p53 expression in human breast tumours

Expression of the p53 gene protects cells against malignant transformation1,2. Whereas control of p53 degradation has been a subject of intense scrutiny, little is known about the factors that regulate p53 synthesis1,2. Here we show that p53 messenger RNA levels are low in a large proportion of breast tumours. Seeking potential regulators of p53 transcription, we found consensus HOX binding sites3,4 in the p53 promoter5. Transient transfection of Hox/HOXA5 activated the p53 promoter. Expression of HOXA5 in epithelial cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, but not in isogenic variants lacking the p53 gene6, led to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, breast cancer cell lines and patient tumours display a coordinate loss of p53 and HOXA5 mRNA and protein expression. The HOXA5 promoter region was methylated in 16 out of 20 p53-negative breast tumour specimens. We conclude that loss of expression of p53 in human breast cancer may be primarily due to lack of expression of HOXA5.
Convective and diffusive mass transfer phenomena in chemical vapor deposition/etching: I. Reactions on smooth surfaces

Abstract Chemical reaction on a plane surface is examined, account being taken of the effect of diffusion of reactants and products across a uniform laminar boundary layer. It is shown that in typical CVD reactions the stoichiometric effects, through the “drift velocity”, can significantly contribute to the mass transfer resistance to reaction. Implications of such effects of the dependence of deposition rates on process variables such as pressure are pointed out.
Educating future digitizers: The Illinois Digitization Institute's Basics and Beyond digitization training program

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the Illinois Digitization Institute's Basics and Beyond digitization training program and to describe how successful the project's different training approaches have been.Design/methodology/approach – The training consists of one‐day workshops, web‐based courses, and web‐based courses plus a hands‐on workshop element. Courses are given at different price points and for different lengths of time. Surveys and quizzes measure how well the participants learn the material.Findings – As surveys, quiz results, and other data from the courses show, the objective of the project is being accomplished: to present cultural heritage institutions with different types of digitization training to suit their time constraints, budgets, and education needs and produce a new set of professionals who will create successful and long‐lasting digitization projects.Practical implications – The success of the project shows that participants respond well to...
How to Build an Inexpensive 5-DOF Haptic Device Using Two Novint Falcons

We demonstrate how two Novint Falcons, inexpensive commercially available haptic devices, can be modified to a create a reconfigurable five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) haptic device for less than $500 (including the two Falcons). The device is intended as an educational tool to allow a broader range of students to experience force and torque feedback, rather than the 3-DOF force feed-back typical of inexpensive devices. We also explain how to implement a 5-DOF force/torque control system with gravity compensation.
Investigating the Value of Information and Computational Capabilities by Applying Genetic Programming to Supply Chain Management

In this paper we describe a research project centering on experiments in which game-playing evolving agents are used to investigate the value of information. Specifically, in these experiments we define populations of agents whose strategies evolve towards those that have better restocking strategies for their supply chain. The agents evolve their strategies in order to minimize costs (either for themselves or for their value chain). We describe several different experiments in which we will vary the abilities of agents both to gather and to store more information. Part of the results of this project will be related to the value of information and computational capabilities: Is it always better to have more information? If not, what are the conditions under which less information is better? The culminating experiment is one in which evolving agents compete to sell information to other evolving agents playing their roles in a supply chain.
HOW FAR SHOULD YOU GO WITH THE LANCZOS PROCESS

Abstract The Lanczos algorithm can be used to approximate both the largest and smallest eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix whose order is so large that similarity transformations are not feasible. The algorithm builds up a tridiagonal matrix row by row and the key question is when to stop. An analysis leads to a stopping criterion which is inspired by a useful error bound on the computed eigenvalues.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN THE NEWBORN: EXPERIENCE WITH 100 CASES

One quarter to one third of all children born alive with congenital heart disease are dead by the end of the first month of life. To decrease the overall mortality of congenital heart disease, early diagnosis and management in this age group are important. One hundred infants under 1 month of age underwent cardiac catheterization during a 4½-year period (1964-1968). The indications for the investigation were congestive cardiac failure alone in 45%, cyanosis alone in 23%, and a combination of heart failure and cyanosis in 30%. A diagnostic classification of the cases is presented and the major groups are briefly outlined. The total mortality was 57%. Fifty-three patients underwent cardiac surgery and 22 (42%) survived. Nineteen patients died within 24 hours of cardiac catheterization without operation. The high mortality after surgery and cardiac catheterization in this age group is emphasized, and the factors involved are discussed.
Distribution and Body Size Diverstiy of Emberizine Sparrows in Grand Teton National Park

Over the last decade or so, we have monitored breeding bird densities over the entire range of habitats within GTNP, from grasslands and sagebrush to scrub, woodland , and forest. Many field workers, including park scientists, have contributed to the monitoring efforts. In all, there are 30 established monitoring sites, and each has been visited on average in two out of three years since 1995. Some sites, however, have been censused yearly, and on some of these the census record extends back for several decades. The monitoring work provides a rather complete assessment of the park's breeding bird communities, i.e. species over habitats among years, and to date some 160 species have been recorded in the monitoring effort, all but a handful of which are breeding birds. This report addresses specifically one prominent group of breeding birds, the emberizine sparrows and buntings.
Pregeometry Via Uniform Spaces

We begin by motivating a pregeometric approach to quantum gravity. A pregeometry is then introduced over denumberable sets which employs the discrete uniform space D X and a uniformity base U B induced by a topological group. The entourages of D X provide a non-metric notion of locality consistent with the open balls of a differentiable manifold, thereby supplying a pregeometric basis for macroscopic spacetime neighborhoods. Per the underlying group structure, entourages of U B provide a pregeometric model of quantum non-locality/non-separability, thereby supplying a pregeometric basis for microscopic spacetime neighborhoods. In this context, a robust pregeometric correspondance between microscopic and macroscopic spacetime structures is enumerated. Finally, we show how the pseudometric generated by a uniform space may be used to provide the M4 geodetic structure. This affine structure may produce a metric structure by requiring the covariant derivative annihilate the spacetime metric per standard Riemannian geometry. An example on S 2 is provided.
Reading Level and Length of Written Research Consent Forms

In 100 Institutional Review Board approved consent forms (CFs), we assessed pages, reading levels, and whether they included essential elements. CF page numbers ranged from 3 to 28 (mean, 10.3) and readability ranged from grades 5.6 to 28.9 (mean, 11.6). The CF mean score for including essential elements was 90.8% (range: 63.5-100%). There were no significant differences by specialty in number of pages (p = 0.053), but surgical specialties had the highest readability (mean, 13.1), and pediatrics the lowest (10.5), p = 0.008. While approved CFs generally included the Office for Human Research Protections recommended essential elements, they were very long, and even pediatric forms, which had the lowest reading levels, were written on average at a tenth grade level. Researchers need guidance to resolve pressure between regulatory mandates and guidelines and "keeping it simple and clear."
Bottleneck detection using statistical intervention analysis

The complexity of today's large-scale enterprise applications demands system administrators to monitor enormous amounts of metrics, and reconfigure their hardware as well as software at run-time without thorough understanding of monitoring results. The Elba project is designed to achieve an automated iterative staging to mitigate the risk of violating Service Level Objectives (SLOs). As part of Elba we undertake performance characterization of system to detect bottlenecks in their configurations. In this paper, we introduce our concrete bottleneck detection approach used in Elba, and then show its robustness and accuracy in various configurations scenarios. We utilize a wellknown benchmark application, RUBiS (Rice University Bidding System), to evaluate the classifier with respect to successful identification of different bottlenecks.
Educational Philosophy as Liberal Teacher Education: Charting a Course Beyond the Dilemma of Relevance

A HAPPY PLURALISM? Two years ago, the Philosophy of Education Society was treated to an “Oxford Style Debate on Analytic vs. Non-Analytic Forms of Philosophy of Education.” This session pitted three “monists” — Denis Phillips, Jim McClellan, and Audrey Thompson — against three “pluralists” — Lynda Stone, Nick Burbules, and Barbara Houston. As Harvey Siegel, who moderated the event, freely admits, though, the central issue of the debate was never entirely clear. Indeed, the session conflated two separate debates: a methodological one about the relative value of analytic and non-analytic styles of philosophizing, and a meta-methodological debate over whether we ought to commensurate our views on such matters or simply agree to disagree. Because the monists were busy arguing among themselves over the first issue, the pluralists won the second debate nolo contendere. As the monists lampooned each other’s positions (not to mention their own), the pluralists pointed out in various ways the folly of thinking that there might be one right way of doing philosophy of education.
High-Tc superconductor tunnel junctions for photon detectors

SIN and SIS quasiparticle tunnel junctions on high TC superconductors (HTS) offer the possibility of low-noise, heterodyne, photon detection in the THz regime. We report progress on the development of such junctions using mechanical point contacts. In general, these contacts display the optimum characteristics that can be obtained from HTS native-surface tunnel barriers. The bismuthate, Ba1-xKxBiO3, (TC equals 25 K) displays ideal, BCS, quasiparticle characteristics at T equals 4.2 K however, at temperatures T approximately equals TC/2 there is evidence of strong quasiparticle damping which may inhibit device performance. The cuprates typically display non-ideal quasiparticle characteristics including large sub-gap conductances. Recent data for the new Hg-based cuprates (TC equals 96 K) are promising in that they exhibit very low and flat sub-gap conductances as expected from a BCS density of states. Proximity effect tunnel junctions on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Au bilayers have been studied using an In tip. An induced energy gap has been consistently observed in the Au layer and the data can be understood using the McMillan model. A few junctions show much improved sub- gap characteristics compared to ones made directly on the BSCCO surface and indicate that this approach may be suitable for mixer development.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Assessment of murine neuroblastoma (N1E-115) resting membrane potential by confocal microscopy

Digital imaging (confocal microscopy) and a slow potentiometric dye (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) were used to assess the resting membrane potential (Vm) of murine neuroblastoma cells (N1E-115). The averageVm was found to be −64.0±2.0 mV. The difference between this and the previously reported higher values was attributed to the use of glass microelectrode techniques that probably caused mechanical injury to the cell membranes: Digital imaging of N1E-115Vm was found to be sensitive, reproducible, fast, and simple.
Non-Real Zeros of Derivatives of Real Entire Functions and Some Pólya-Wiman Conjectures

In this paper we will discuss relationships between the order of a real entire function with only real zeros and the number of non-real zeros of the derivatives of the function.
Ein Porphyrin-Mosaik nach Plan: metallvermittelte Selbstorganisation von großen Gittern und Bändern

25 nm2gros sind die quadratischen Porphyringitter des Typs 1, die durch Selbstorganisation aus einundzwanzig Komponenten gebildet werden: aus je vier Di- und Tripyridylporphyrinen, einem Tetrapyridylporphyrin sowie zwolf {PdCl2}-Einheiten.
Measurement of relative permeability of fuel cell diffusion media

Gas diffusion layer (GDL) in PEM fuel cells plays a pivotal role in water management. Modeling of liquid water transport through the GDL relies on knowledge of relative permeability functions in the in-plane and through-plane directions. In the present work, air and water relative permeabilities are experimentally determined as functions of saturation for typical GDL materials such as Toray-060, -090, -120 carbon paper and E-Tek carbon cloth materials in their plain, untreated forms. Saturation is measured using an ex situ gravimetric method. Absolute and relative permeability functions in the two directions of interest are presented and new correlations for in-plane relative permeability of water and air are established.
The role of plasma granulocyte colony stimulating factor and bone marrow dysfunction after severe trauma.

Background Bone marrow dysfunction is common in severely injured trauma patients, with release of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) into the peripheral blood. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a potent stimulator of HPC mobilization. We hypothesized that plasma G-CSF levels are elevated after trauma and correlate with postinjury anemia and infection. Study Design Blood from 83 severely injured patients was collected at several time points for determination of G-CSF levels and HPC mobilization and compared with that from healthy volunteers. Data were categorized by age, sex, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and whether the patient was in shock. Hemoglobin and transfusion requirements and hospital-acquired infection data were recorded. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Results After trauma, there is a 50-fold increase in plasma levels of G-CSF in trauma patients compared with controls (1,640.4 ± 304.3 pg/mL vs 33.0 ± 6.8 pg/mL, p Conclusions Plasma G-CSF is markedly elevated after injury and is greater in patients who present in shock. The rise in G-CSF was also associated with prolonged mobilization of HPC. Elevation of G-CSF in humans after severe trauma may play a significant role in the development of post-traumatic bone marrow dysfunction, anemia, and infection.
SU‐E‐I‐100: Clinical Ultrasound Units Modes of Failure Survey

Purpose: This work was done to establish the frequency and modes of failure for clinical ultrasound units from three vendors and various models. Methods: Ultrasound quality assurance reports from 2012 year were scrutinized for unit‐or transducer‐failures or for less catastrophic mechanical issues. All reports were performed via the American College of Radiology accreditation program guidelines for quality assurance surveys. Aspects of each ultrasound unit that was evaluated included, image quality (edge‐to‐edge uniformity, Vertical or horizontal shading, zone‐to‐zone uniformity), dead zone size, penetration depth, electronic caliper accuracy, axial and lateral resolution and low contrast object detection ability. Also evaluated are mechanical integrity of all cords and cables, transducer housings and scanning surfaces. Monitor cleanliness and general working condition were also evaluated. Tests were performed semi‐annually for 70 ultrasound units. Units included 2 Siemens Ateres, 2 Siemens Elegra, 9 General Electric E9, 3 ATL HDI 5000, 18 Philips iU22, 20 Siemens S2000, 2 Siemens Sonoline, 13 Siemens X3000 and one Zonara. Results: 70 ultrasound base units and 532 transducers were tested twice each over one year yielding 140 reports. Of these 70 base units, two were found to have quality issues needing immediate repair. One had a malfunctioning Time‐Gain‐Compensator control slider and the other had a faulty graphics board creating an artifact on all images independent of the transducer used. Of the 532 transducers evaluated one showed evidence of a non‐functioning crystal array element and was taken from service and another had a torn scan‐surface cover and was also taken from service. Conclusion: Regular quality assurance evaluation of clinical ultrasound units does reveal transducers and base units that have repair or replacement issues. The overall prevalence of such events is less than 1 in 100 for transducers and 1 in 35 for base units. I own GE stock.
Fos activation in cultured tyrosine hydroxylase and oxytocin immunoreactive neurons

Abstract Fos and other immediate early gene products are used as markers for neuronal activity. We identified Fos immunocytochemically after KCl-induced depolarization of cultured hypothalamic neurons. Five-day cultures were treated for 1 h with 50 mM KCl or media and fixed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h post-treatment. Sequential immunocytochemistry was performed to identify Fos immunoreactivity in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive(-ir) or oxytocin (OT)-ir neurons. Activated neurons [brown cells (TH-ir or OT-ir) with purple nuclei (Fos-ir)] were counted microscopically. KCl treatment resulted in an increased percentage of Fos-ir TH-ir and OT-ir neurons over control levels over the time course examined. Fos-ir peaked in TH-ir neurons at 0.5 to 1 h posttreatment, with levels returning to baseline at 4 h. Fos-ir in OT-ir neurons peaked at 2 h, and remained elevated at 4 h, showing prolonged activation. These results demonstrate that KCl-induced depolarization of cultured hypothalamic neurons increases Fos with a different time course in TH-ir vs. OT-ir neurons.
Diana Coole and Samantha Frost (eds), New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics

Review Essay: New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics , eds. Diana Coole and Samantha Frost. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2010)
Dietary tryptophan supplementation prevents proteinuria in the seven-eighths nephrectomized rat

Surgical reduction of renal mass in the rat leads to proteinuria, hypertension, and progressive renal failure beyond that of the original physical destruction of renal mass. Both hypertension and proteinuria have been implicated in the process of progression of renal failure. The seven/eighths nephrectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with 4% tryptophan (UT) had a urinary albumin excretion rate of 0.055 +/- 0.056 mg/100 g body weight/hr compared to 0.02 +/- 0.029 mg/100 g body weight/hr in control rats, whereas the nephrectomized rats fed a regular diet (UR) excreted 1.12 +/- 0.730 mg/100 g body weight/hr (P less than 0.001). Hypertension was also prevented in the UT group but not in the UR group. Once hypertension and proteinuria were established during maintenance on a regular diet, they were not reversed by subsequent dietary tryptophan supplementation. If dietary tryptophan supplementation is continued, however, the progressive histopathology that develops after seven-eighths nephrectomy is not prevented despite avoidance of proteinuria and hypertension.