cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adult Caregiver Influenza Vaccination Through Administration in Pediatric Outpatient Clinics: A Cocooning Healthcare Improvement Project.

Background:Pediatric exposure to influenza-infected adult caregivers (AC) is a significant risk factor for developing influenza. Poor access to vaccines contributes to low adult vaccination rates. We offered adult vaccination at regularly scheduled pediatric office visits and examined barriers to im
Chemiluminescence Reactions Involving Metal Vapors

A brief survey of recent experimental work on metal vapors at our laboratories is given. Results of chemiluminescence of group Ia and IIb metal atoms excited by a Lewis-Rayleigh nitrogen afterglow are presented. For group Ia atoms, we have found evidence that the exciting species in the afterglow is N2(A) rather than N2(X)v as previously proposed. A demonstration of spin conservation during collisions of the second kind is seen in the excitation of group IIb atoms and relative quenching of electronically excited nitrogen states is noted.
A State of Exception: Intersectionality, Health, and Social Exemption

Using an intersectionality framework for understanding the exception of certain bodies from processes of healthcare and justice, this chapter provides a theoretical basis for considering “minority” health issues, especially as they relate to sexuality and sexual behavior. For the purposes of this chapter, “minority” is meant to encompass those who practice same-sex sexual behavior, people of color, and the intersection of these two groups. This chapter seeks to explore various “states of exception” through a critical analysis of common processes of social (b)ordering and propose ethnographic methods as a potential solution to the negative effects of social assumptions on some public outreach and risk-based intervention programs.
EFFECT OF TRANSIENT OPERATIONS ON THE RELIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Hydraulic systems, including those for water or fuel distribution, are often designed on the basis of steady state operating conditions. During transient operations, however, pressures much higher than steady state values can develop. Transient operating conditions can result from a number of causes, including pumps stopping or starting, valves opening or closing, and system startup or shutdown. Some systems, such as aircraft fueling systems and fire protection sprinkler systems, always operate in the transient condition. Operation of check valves and air release/vacuum break valves can cause large pressure surges. Burst pressures may be exceeded or fatigue limits may be reached as the result of transient operations. This paper presents three case studies in which transient operating conditions are substantially more severe than those indicated by a steady state hydraulic analysis. These case studies are based on field data and experience with existing operating systems, and on systems for which preliminary designs are being developed. In some cases the pipes failed. In other cases surge control devices were required or operating procedures to reduce pressure surges had to be developed. The results of computer analyses of the various cases will be shown and, where possible, compared with field data.
Principles and Ethics of Authorship.

Purpose Rules and ethics of authorship for scientific papers are reviewed. Those authorship criteria specific to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals are reviewed as well as those ...
Heterogeneous SoC Integration with EMIB

The challenges of yielding larger Silicon dies increases as the technology node shrinks. IP availability on the same technology node on the same industry process is also not always possible because of design complexity, features and schedule. This necessitates integration of smaller manageable dies from different processes and fabs to create SiPs. Integration of chiplets on the package is the trend to sustain performance across multiple generations of chip design. This work highlights the role of EMIB (Embedded Multi-Tile Interconnect Bridge) for heterogeneous silicon integration.
High Jc YBa2Cu3O7-δ films via rapid, low pO2 pyrolysis

In this investigation YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) films were fabricated via a metal acetate, trifluoroacetic acid based sol-gel route and spin-coat deposited on (100) LaAlO3 with a focus on maximizing Jc, while minimizing processing time. We demonstrate that the use of a low-pO2 atmosphere during the pyrolysis stage can lead to at least a tenfold reduction in pyrolysis time, compared to a 1 atm O2 ambient. High-quality YBCO films on LaAlO3, with Jc values up to 3 MA/cm2 at 77 K, can be routinely crystallized from these rapidly pyrolyzed films.
Transesophageal 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Guidance for Pacemaker Lead Placement

Abstract The feasibility of transesophageal 3-dimensional echocardiography to reduce fluoroscopy in pacemaker lead placement has not yet been evaluated. This clinical vignette demonstrates the ability of 3-dimensional echocardiography to visualize intracardiac anatomy and the pacemaker lead and to guide positioning of the lead into the right atrial appendage, thus reducing fluoroscopy by nearly 50%. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Application of optical frequency comb in LISA space laser interferometry

Time delay interferometer (TDI) is the baseline technique to mitigate laser phase noises in laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) for gravitational wave detection. Just as important in the TDI scheme is the ability to suppress the local oscillator radio-frequency (rf) noises in the optical heterodyne measurements. This is accomplished currently by sending additional clock tones in the ranging laser and recovering the clock signals with additional heterodyne measurements. We show that the laser and local oscillator noises can be simultaneously cancelled by employing optical frequency combs in which the rf signal phases are coherent with the optical phases. We describe an effort for the experimental demonstration of the optical frequency comb based TDI. The deployment of optical combs eliminates the need for separate ultra-stable oscillators. This approach can be a simpler and more reliable approach than the current modulation scheme. It is applicable to the most generalized TDI combinations.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY STUDY AND THE RISK OF MAJOR ARRHYTHMIC EVENTS IN BRUGADA SYNDROME: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmic disease associated with major arrhythmic event (MAE). The role of electrophysiology study (EPS) in the ventricular arrhythmia risk stratification remains controversial. We aimed to assess the association between positive electrophysiology study (EPS
CHAPTER 4 – EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the new type of function, the exponential function, and its inverse, the logarithmic function. Exponential functions occur in a wide variety of applied problems. The chapter presents problems dealing with population growth, such as predicting the growth of bacteria in a culture medium; radioactive decay, such as determining the half-life of strontium 90; and the interest earned when an interest rate is compounded. The chapter discusses the three fundamental properties of logarithms that has made them a powerful computational aid. In solving logarithms, the more complex operations of multiplication and division are converted to addition and subtraction and exponentiation is converted to multiplication. To solve an exponential equation, one takes logarithms of both sides of the equation; to solve a logarithmic equation, one forms a single logarithm on one side of the equation and then convert the equation to the equivalent exponential form.
Geographic Variation in the Utilization of and Mortality After Emergency General Surgery Operations in the Northeastern and Southeastern United States.

OBJECTIVE To define geographic variations in emergency general surgery (EGS) care, we sought to determine how much variability exists in the rates of EGS operations and subsequent mortality in the Northeastern and Southeastern United States (US). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA While some geographic variations in healthcare are normal, unwarranted variations raise questions about the quality, appropriateness, and cost-effectiveness of care in different areas. METHODS Patients ≥18 years who underwent 1 of 10 common EGS operations were identified using the State Inpatient Databases (2011-2012) for 6 states, representing Northeastern (New York) and Southeastern (Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Mississippi) US. Geographic unit of analysis was the hospital service area (HSA). Age-standardized rates of operations and in-hospital mortality were calculated and mapped. Differences in rates across geographic areas were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and variance quantified using linear random-effects models. Variation profiles were tabulated via standardized rates of utilization and mortality to compare geographically heterogenous areas. RESULTS 227,109 EGS operations were geospatially analyzed across the 6 states. Age-standardized EGS operation rates varied significantly by region (Northeast rate of 22.7 EGS operations per 10,000 in population versus Southeast 21.9; P < 0.001), state (ranging from 9.9 to 29.1; P < 0.001), and HSA (1.9-56.7; P < 0.001). The geographic variability in age-standardized EGS mortality rates was also significant at the region level (Northeast mortality rate 7.2 per 1000 operations vs Southeast 7.4; P < 0.001), state-level (ranging from 5.9 to 9.0 deaths per 1000 EGS operations; P < 0.001), and HSA-level (0.0-77.3; P < 0.001). Maps and variation profiles visually exhibited widespread and substantial differences in EGS use and morality. CONCLUSIONS Wide geographic variations exist across 6 Northeastern and Southeastern US states in the rates of EGS operations and subsequent mortality. More detailed geographic analyses are needed to determine the basis of these variations and how they can be minimized.
CRAGE-CRISPR Systems Facilitate Rapid Activation and Functional Characterization of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Non-Model Bacteria

Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) within bacterial genomes are becoming easier to predict. For subsequent characterization of their cellular functions, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have significantly contributed to knocking out the target genes and/or modulating their expression. However, use of CRISPR systems is limited for strains for which robust genetic tools are available. Here we present a strategy that combines CRISPR with chassis-independent recombinase-assisted genome engineering (CRAGE), which will enable implementation of CRISPR systems in diverse non-model bacteria. For demonstration, we selected 10 polyketide (PKS)/nonribosomal peptide (NRPS) BGCs created deletion and activation mutants of all 10 BGCs. Subsequent loss- and gain-of-function studies identified 22 secondary metabolites associated with the BGCs, including a product that was previously uncharacterized. These results demonstrate that the CRAGE-CRISPR system is a simple yet very powerful approach to rapidly perturb expression of defined BGCs and to profile genotype-phenotype relationships in bacteria.
Gift Travel in the U.S. House of Representatives

Members of Congress take more than 2,000 trips sponsored by private organizations and interest groups every congress. Using a new data set of gift travel from 2007 to 2019 and interviews with forme...
Livestock Industry Practices that Impact Sustainable Diets in the United States

Corporate attempts to shape government policies so they are favorable to the firm is a widespread occurrence in the tobacco, alcohol, and food industries. Analysis of such corporate political activity has identified various strategies, practices, and mechanisms used by these industries. In this paper, we adapt an established framework to demonstrate the practices of the livestock industry in influencing sustainable diet policies in the U.S. We describe four case studies in which: (1) environmental sustainability was excluded from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans; (2) meat-friendly dietary recommendations were developed with no consideration of environmental impacts; (3) a professional nutrition society position paper was critiqued for recommending a reduction in ruminant animal consumption; and (4) a webinar was disseminated to nutrition professionals recommending beef as a part of a sustainable diet. In the first two cases the livestock industry rejected the importance of environmental considerations for dietary recommendations and in the second two it argued that livestock is an integral part of a sustainable diet, coopting the definition of sustainable diets. An information and messaging strategy was key to all of these cases. This included stressing the economic importance of the livestock industry, framing the debate, and shaping the evidence base on diet and the environment. The livestock industry also used financial incentives and policy substitution to accomplish their goals. Understanding and documenting such behaviors is a key first step in developing an approach to limit corporate influence on sustainable diet policies.
Hurler Syndrome: II. Outcome of HLA-Genotypically Identical Sibling and HLA-Haploidentical Related Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation in Fifty-Four Children

Untreated patients with Hurler syndrome (MPSIH) experience progressive neurologic deterioration and early death. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) ameliorates or halts this course. The Storage Disease Collaborative Study Group was formed to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of BMT. Effectiveness was defined as engrafted survival with continuing cognitive development. Fifty-four patients deficient in leukocyte α-l-iduronidase enzyme activity (median age, 1.8 years; range, 0.4 to 7.9) received high-dose chemotherapy with or without irradiation and BMT from HLA-genotypically identical sibling (GIS) or HLA-haploidentical related (HIR) donors between September 16, 1983 and July 14, 1995; all children were included in this report. Thirty-nine of 54 patients (72%) engrafted following the first BMT. The probability of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 100 days was 32% for GIS and 55% for HIR patients. The probability of extensive chronic GVHD was 0% for GIS and 24% for HIR patients. The actuarial probability of survival at 5 years was 64% for all patients, 75% for GIS patients, 53% for HIR patients, and 53% for patients with donor marrow engraftment. The baseline Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was examined both for children less than and greater than 24 months of age at BMT. Children transplanted before 24 months had a mean baseline MDI of 78, while those transplanted after 24 months had a mean baseline MDI of 63 ( P = .0002). Both baseline and post-BMT neuropsychologic data were available for 26 of 30 engrafted survivors. Of 14 patients transplanted before 24 months of age, nine demonstrated developmental trajectories that were normal or somewhat slower than normal. In contrast, of 12 patients transplanted after 24 months of age, only three showed developmental trajectories that were normal or somewhat slower than normal ( P = .01). For children with a baseline MDI greater than 70, there was a significant correlation between the MDI at follow-up study and leukocyte α-l-iduronidase enzyme activity ( P = .02). Children were more likely to maintain normal cognitive development if they were fully engrafted following BMT from a donor with homozygous normal leukocyte α-l-iduronidase enzyme activity. Children who developed acute GVHD of grade II or worse had significantly poorer cognitive outcomes ( P < .009). No difference in the post-BMT MDI was observed between patients whose preparative therapies did (n = 10; radiation dose, 300 to 1,400 cGy) or did not (n = 16) include radiation. We conclude that MPSIH patients, particularly those less than 24 months of age with a baseline MDI greater than 70, can achieve a favorable long-term outcome with continuing cognitive development and prolonged survival after successful BMT from a related donor with homozygous normal enzyme activity.
Piketty in America: A Tale of Two Literatures

Thomas Piketty’s widely-noted and bestselling book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, does much to advance our empirical understanding of rising high-end wealth concentration, which is one of the central issues of our time. But its theoretical approach and policy recommendations differ sharply from those that have been prevalent in recent decades in the Anglo-American academic tax policy literature. We adjudicate this “confrontation” (insofar as it is one), and find that each approach in some respects both undermines and enriches the other. We find that the optimal tax response to wealth concentration is significantly more complicated than Piketty’s analysis recognizes. This is particularly true in the United States, where rising high-end wealth concentration has been driven by heterogeneous human capital, and where Piketty’s proposed wealth tax would face a substantial risk of being held unconstitutional.
Beachcomber's delight

In Spirals in Time , Helen Scales takes readers on a fascinating journey into the strange and captivating world of shells, and the creatures that inhabit them. Mollusks, we learn, make up an enormously diverse phylum of organisms—an estimated 85,000 known species, with thousands more waiting in the ocean and in museum collections to be described. They have occupied a meaningful place in human history, serving as jewelry, currency, and in some cases, sending entire fleets of ships to the ocean floor, filled with bore holes like wheels of Swiss cheese. Reviewer Christopher Kemp delights in this carefully researched and "relentlessly interesting" tome, revealing a few of the seashell's many secrets along the way.
An Assessment of MEG Coherence Imaging in the Study of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary Purpose: This study examines whether magnetoencephalographic (MEG) coherence imaging is more sensitive than the standard single equivalent dipole (ECD) model in lateralizing the site of epileptogenicity in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: An archival review of ECD MEG analyses of 30 presurgical patients with TLE was undertaken with data extracted subsequently for coherence analysis by a blinded reviewer for comparison of accuracy of lateralization. Postoperative outcome was assessed by Engel classification. MEG coherence images were generated from 10 min of spontaneous brain activity and compared to surgically resected brain areas outlined on each subject’s magnetic resonance image (MRI). Coherence values were averaged independently for each hemisphere to ascertain the laterality of the epileptic network. Reliability between runs was established by calculating the correlation between epochs. Match rates compared the results of each of the two MEG analyses with optimal postoperative outcome. Key Findings: The ECD method provided an overall match rate of 50% (13/16 cases) for Engel class I outcomes, with 37% (11/30 cases) found to be indeterminate (i.e., no spikes identified on MEG). Coherence analysis provided an overall match rate of 77% (20/26 cases). Of 19 cases without evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis, coherence analysis correctly lateralized the side of TLE in 11 cases (58%). Sensitivity of the ECD method was 41% (indeterminate cases included) and that of the coherence method 73%, with a positive predictive value of 70% for an Engel class Ia outcome. Intrasubject coherence imaging reliability was consistent from run-to-run (correlation >0.90) using three 10-min epochs. Significance: MEG coherence analysis has greater sensitivity than the ECD method for lateralizing TLE and demonstrates reliable stability from run-to-run. It, therefore, improves upon the capability of MEG in providing further information of use in clinical decision-making where the laterality of TLE is questioned.
Solid state reactions induced by ball milling

Ball milling can be used to induce solid state reactions in a variety of technologies, including the activation of silicates, inorganic synthesis, and mechanical alloying. Mossbauer spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study these processes. Some typical examples are discussed in this paper, concerning disordering, alloying, and simple chemical reactions. Many more industrial applications are possible, with ample opportunity for meaningful Mossbauer investigations.
Liquefaction reactivity enhancement of coal by mild alkylation and solvent swelling techniques

Abstract Utilization of coal pretreatment techniques, including mild alkylation and solvent swelling, has been investigated to determine the effect of these procedures on the reactivity of coal. Alkylation recipes investigated have included both selective (O-methylation, Liotta) and non-selective (Sternberg) techniques, in which the reaction conditions are adjusted to bring about a minimal alkylation extent. The degree of reactivity enhancement has been evaluated under both direct hydroliquefaction and coal/oil co-processing conditions, and at both low and high severity reaction conditions. Pretreatment and liquefaction experiments have been carried out using two coals, Illinois no. 6 hvB and Wyodak subbituminous from the Argonne Premium Coal Collection sample bank. All experiments were conducted in tubing bomb microautoclave reactors utilizing dihydrophenanthrene for the direct hydroliquefaction experiments and Cold Lake resid for co-processing runs. Coal conversion was determined based on THF solubility. Results of these experiments have indicated that alkylation is a beneficial pretreatment step for enhancing the reactivity of coal. The effect is greatest at low severity reaction conditions (350 °C, 5 min), and for the low rank (high oxygen) coal which was selectively O-methylated. Oxygen alkylation was not effective for the high rank (Illinois no. 6 hvB) coal under all reaction conditions studied. Non-selective methylation was found to be ineffective for reactivity enhancement of the low rank coal (Wyodak subbituminous), but effective in the case of high severity co-processing reaction conditions for the high rank coal. Preliminary results on liquefaction of coals pre-swollen in acetone have shown that this procedure is also very effective in terms of promoting additional conversion, with a marked increase found in the yield of hexane solubles for the swollen coals.
Hox/Pbx and Brn binding sites mediate Pax3 expression in vitro and in vivo.

Pax3 is a paired-homeodomain class transcription factor that serves a role in dorsal – ventral and medial – lateral patterning during vertebrate embryogenesis. Its expression is localized to dorsal domains within the developing neural tube and lateral domains within the developing somite. Additionally, modulation of its expression occurs along the rostral-caudal axis. Previous studies [Development 124 (1997) 617] have localized sequence elements required for expression of Pax3 in the neural tube and neural crest to a 1.6 kbp promoter fragment. In the present study, four discrete DNA elements within the 1.6 kbp promoter fragment are shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to exhibit sequence specific interactions with proteins present in nuclear extracts from P19 EC cells induced to express Pax3 by treatment with retinoic acid (RA). Proteins interacting at each of these elements are identified based on biochemical purification using DNA affinity chromatography or a candidate approach. These identifications were confirmed by the ability of specific antibodies to supershift DNA-protein complexes in EMSA. Two of the four DNA sequence elements are shown to interact with the neural specific Pou-domain class III transcription factors Brn1 and Brn2. The remaining sites contain either consensus binding elements for heterodimers of Pbx and an anterior set of Hox family members, from paralogous groups 1 – 5, or monomeric Meis and are shown to interact with members of the Pbx and Meis families. Ectopic expression of Brn2 plus HoxA1 but not either factor alone, is sufficient to induce efficient expression from the endogenous Pax3 promoter in P19 EC stem cells under conditions where they would not otherwise express Pax3. Finally, in transgenic mice, mutation of either of the Pou-domain protein binding sites results in reduced expression throughout the neural tube while mutation of the Pbx/Hox binding site results in loss of expression in the anterior domain in which Hox family members from paralogous groups 1 – 5 are expressed. These observations demonstrate that binding elements for both neural and anterior – posterior position specific transcription factors mediate domains of Pax3 expression. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Management of the Acutely Violent Patient

Violence in the work place is a new but growing problem for our profession. It is likely that at some point a psychiatrist will be confronted with a potentially violent patient or need to assess a violent patient. Understanding predictors and associated factors in violence as well as having a clear and well-defined strategy in approaching and dealing with the violent patient, thus, are crucial. Ensuring patient, staff, and personal safety is the most important aspect in the management of a violent patient. All of the staff must be familiar with management strategies and clear guidelines that are implemented and followed when confronted with a violent patient. The more structured the approach to the violent patient, the less likely a bad outcome will occur. Manipulating one's work environment to maximize safety and understanding how to de-escalate potentially mounting violence are two steps in the approach to the violent patient. Restraint, seclusion, and psychopharmacologic interventions also are important and often are necessary components to the management of the violent patient.
Place‐based education: breaking through the constraining regularities of public school

Robert Stevenson identified four behavioural and programmatic regularities that have inhibited the implementation of environmental education as envisioned by the framers of the Belgrade Charter and Tbilisi Declaration. These include the presentation of standardised knowledge associated with established disciplines, reliance on teachers as primary information sources, assessment procedures based on ease of marking and justification, and the control of students. Place‐based education, an approach to curriculum development and school‐community relations that draws upon local cultural, environmental, economic and political concerns, is beginning to challenge these regularities. Although not yet widely practised, it promises a convergence of the social and environmental that in some places is transforming schools into sites where David Gruenewald’s vision of decolonisation and reinhabitation is being enacted.
The Last Word? Lu Yun's "Nanzheng Fu"

AbstractThe "Nanzheng fu" ["Rhapsodyon the Southern Expedition"] is Lu Yun's final literary piece before his execution in 303. Some scholars believe this piece is incomplete due to its seemingly abrupt conclusion, while others argue that the unsatisfactory ending of the rhapsody is due to Lu Yun's inability to write a long rhapsody. This study, however, aims to provide an alternative reading that demonstrates Lu Yun's "Nanzheng fu" is a complete work, and to explore plausible logic behind Lu Yun's decision, willingly or unwillingly, to end this piece so abstractly.
A fuzzy logic approach for fault diagnosis and recovery in PHEV and EV chargers

This paper presents a fuzzy-logic approach for fault diagnosis in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or electric vehicle (EV) charger. The approach correlates faults and basic measurements then utilizes fuzzy logic to diagnose a fault. Redundancy is engaged as needed based on the fuzzy logic decision. Experimental validation is first shown for the converter model. Then, a fuzzy system is developed based on correlation of faults and measurements. Faults considered are open-circuit and short-circuit faults in major components. Results show that all faults are accurately detected even though two pairs of faults are confused and are thus both flagged. Design of the fault diagnosis method is shown to be simple and can be applied to a wide array of energy systems.
Charles Darwin's Theory of Coral Reefs and the Problem of the Chalk

Darwin's effort to relate his theory of coral reefs to global tectonic concepts failed to impress geologists more immediately interested in European phenomena. Charles Lyell had initially regarded coral reefs as a way to explain the European Chalk formation. However, he encountered criticism from catastrophist authors who thought the Chalk was a result of chemical precipitation. Lyell embraced Darwin's coral reef theory in an effort to strengthen his argument; and though C. G. Ehrenberg explained the Chalk as the product of fossil Foramanifera, he reinforced the general case in favor of organic deposition as opposed to chemical precipitation. As a result geologists tended to follow Lyell in discussing coral reef formation in the larger context of carbonate deposition generally.
A fixed dose study of the plasma concentration and clinical effects of thioridazine and its major metabolites.

Fifty-three patients in an acute episode or exacerbation of psychosis were given thioridazine 200 or 400 mg daily for 2 weeks. Thioridazine and its active metabolites, mesoridazine and sulforidazine, were estimated in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioreceptor assay (RRA). One week after institution of treatment, plasma concentrations of drug were stable in the morning 12 h after dosing. Drug levels varied widely between patients, but in all patients the relative level of thioridazine to mesoridazine was about one half and thioridazine to sulforidazine was about two fold. Estimates of neuroleptic activity by RRA and the weighted sum of thioridazine, mesoridazine and sulforidazine by HPLC were very similar. Plasma concentration of parent compound, metabolites, or the sum of active substances as estimated by HPLC or RRA, showed only modest correlations (r s=0.10–0.22, all NS) to the degree of improvement as measured by change on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Significant correlations were observed between plasma concentrations of drug and side effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, or total rating on the Somatic Symptoms Scale. Even patients receiving the lowest dose and achieving the lowest plasma concentrations of drug showed considerable improvement. There was suggestive evidence that the patients achieving the highest plasma levels of drug did not have the best clinical outcome. These and similar observations from other studies suggest that currently used doses of neuroleptics may be excessive. Optimal drug effects as well as stronger relationships between dose, drug concentration, and clinical therapeutic effects might best be sought at doses below those in common use.
FINITE MODELS CONSTRUCTED FROM CANONICAL FORMULAS

This paper obtains the weak completeness and decidability results for standard systems of modal logic using models built from formulas themselves. This line of work began with Fine (Notre Dame J. Form. Log. 16:229–237, 1975). There are two ways in which our work advances on that paper: First, the definition of our models is mainly based on the relation Kozen and Parikh used in their proof of the completeness of PDL, see (Theor. Comp. Sci. 113–118, 1981). The point is to develop a general model-construction method based on this definition. We do this and thereby obtain the completeness of most of the standard modal systems, and in addition apply the method to some other systems of interest. None of the results use filtration, but in our final section we explore the connection.
The Locus of Metaphorical Persuasion: An Empirical Test.

The use of metaphor has been accepted as an effective persuasive device in many forms of communication since Aristotle first introduced the figure. Yet, the psychological process by which metaphor influences persuasion has received comparatively little attention. Based on a review of the literature regarding the impact of metaphor on attitudes, this study presents pretests and an experiment that test whether the locus of persuasion lies in the valence of B, as widely assumed, or in the valence of the metaphor ground, what A and B share. Findings indicate that global affect toward B does not transfer onto A, and that metaphorical persuasion is a distinct process meriting further investigation.
Inheritance of N2 fixation efficiency in cowpea

Host plant genetics of N2 fixation in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) — Rhizobium symbiosis was investigated in the field with a mixed strain inoculum and in the greenhouse with a single strain inoculum. Five cowpea genotypes, including ‘H-Brown Crowder’ and ‘L-Bush Purple Hull’, were used to generate populations for genetic studies. Diallel analysis for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects was carried out for the N2 fixation variables nitrogenase activity, nodule number, nodule weight, and top dry weight, in the field study. Generation mean analysis and heritability estimates were performed on the greenhouse population which included P1 (‘H-Brown Crowder’), P2 (‘L-Bush Purple Hull’), F1, F1′. F2, BC1, and BC2. Positive and significant correlations were observed between nitrogenase activity and both nodule weight and nodule number. Correlation coefficients between top dry weight and the other 3 variables were not significant. Estimates of SCA were highly significant for all variables except top dry weight, while those of GCA were significant only for nodule weight. Generation mean analysis revealed that additive gene action was more prominent than dominance and interallelic gene action for nodule number and nitrogenase activity, while the opposite was true for nodule weight and top dry weight. Narrow sense heritability estimates were moderately high for nodule number (0.55) and nitrogenase activity (0.62), and low for nodule weight (0.39) and top dry weight (0.17).
Human metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 bind with high affinity and act as potent agonists at cannabinoid type-2 receptors

K2 or Spice is an emerging drug of abuse that contains synthetic cannabinoids, including JWH-018 and JWH-073. Recent reports indicate that monohydroxylated metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 retain high affinity and activity at cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs), potentially contributing to the enhanced toxicity of K2 compared to marijuana. Since the parent compounds also bind to cannabinoid type-2 receptors (CB2Rs), this study investigated the affinity and intrinsic activity of JWH-018, JWH-073 and several monohydroxylated metabolites at human CB2Rs (hCB2Rs). The affinity of cannabinoids for hCB2Rs was determined by competition binding studies employing CHO-hCB2 membranes. Intrinsic activity of compounds was assessed by G-protein activation and adenylyl cyclase (AC)-inhibition in CHO-hCB2 cells. JWH-073, JWH-018 and several of their human metabolites exhibit nanomolar affinity and act as potent agonists at hCB2Rs. Furthermore, a major omega hydroxyl metabolite of JWH-073 (JWH-073-M5) binds to CB2Rs with 10-fold less affinity than the parent molecule, but unexpectedly, is equipotent in regulating AC-activity when compared to the parent molecule. Finally, when compared to CP-55,940 and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), JWH-018, JWH-018-M5 and JWH-073-M5 require significantly less CB2R occupancy to produce similar levels of AC-inhibition, indicating that these compounds may more efficiently couple CB2Rs to AC than the well characterized cannabinoid agonists examined. These results indicate that JWH-018, JWH-073 and several major human metabolites of these compounds exhibit high affinity and demonstrate distinctive signaling properties at CB2Rs. Therefore, future studies examining pharmacological and toxicological properties of synthetic cannabinoids present in K2 products should consider potential actions of these drugs at both CB1 and CB2Rs.
Housing demand properties in the monocentric market form

Abstract Individual compensated demand functions must satisfy well-known properties: negative own- price effects and symmetric cross-price effects. This paper reexamines these properties for goods like housing, the prices of which vary within spatial market areas, and demonstrates how compensated demand properties must be modified to take into account the effects of endogenous location choice. It also derives Slutsky equations for both location and housing demands and applies these relationships with existing empirical estimates to evaluate the size of the compensated housing demand own-price effect with endogenous location.
Case report 556

A case report of a multiple non-ossifying fibromas of long bones in a 8-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis
Preliminary model for streptozocin metabolism in mice

A mathematical model for streptozocin metabolism in mice is presented. By using the available bioassay and chemical assay data for a 300-mg/kg ip injection and the principles of physiologically based pharmacokinetics, a membrane-limited transport model with first-order kinetics was found to simulate the data adequately (average error of <20%). Furthermore, the first-order reaction constant derived in analyzing the bioassay data (0.009 min−1) was in close agreement with the half-life of streptozocin (1 hr) reported previously.
Ultrasonic attenuation in crystalline solids—intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

Abstract Ultrasonic attenuation in solids is discussed briefly in terms of intrinsic mechanisms (interactions with phonons and with conduction electrons) and of extrinsic mechanisms (interactions with crystal defects). Details of coupling between intrinsic and extrinsic attenuation are considered. Emphasis is given to studies in which measurements of ultrasonic attenuation are used to determine the interaction of electrons and of phonons with crystal defects.
Spectroscopic analysis of ligand binding to lanthanide-macrocycle platforms.

A high-affinity, binary Eu^(3+) receptor site consisting of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetate (DO2A) was constructed with the goal of improving the detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major component of bacterial spores. Ternary Eu(DO2A)(DPA)− complex solutions (1.0 µM crystallographically characterized TBA·Eu(DO2A)(DPA)) were titrated with EuCl_3 (1.0 nM−1.0 mM); increased Eu^(3+) concentration resulted in a shift in equilibrium population from Eu(DO2A)(DPA)^− to Eu(DO2A)^+ and Eu(DPA)^+, which was monitored via the ligand field sensitive ^5D_0 → ^7F_3 transition (λ_(em) = 670−700 nm) using luminescence spectroscopy. A best fit of luminescence intensity titration data to a two-state thermodynamic model yielded the competition equilibrium constant (K_c), which in conjunction with independent measurement of the Eu(DPA)^+ formation constant (K_a) allowed calculation of the ternary complex formation constant (K_a^′). With this binding affinity by competition (BAC) assay, we determined that K_a^′ = 10^(8.21) M^(−1), which is ∼1 order of magnitude greater than the formation of Eu(DPA)^+. In general, the BAC assay can be employed to determine ligand binding constants of systems where the lanthanide platform (usually a binary complex) is stable and the ligand bound versus unbound states can be spectroscopically distinguished.
Electronic spectra of gas phase ions. An equilibrium perturbation approach

Abstract A method is proposed by which the electronic absorption of an ion may be obtained by perturbation of a chemical equilibrium established in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer.
Orthophosphate excretion as related to RNA metabolism in Tetrahymena.

Log phase cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W excrete orthophosphate, a purine, and a pyrimidine when suspended in a non-nutrient buffered medium. Ribonucleic acid has been established as the primary source of these catabolic products. Thirty per cent of the total cellular RNA was degraded in three hours under the conditions of growth and suspension employed. The size of the phosphorus pools of these ciliates was determined during the period of RNA degradation; the internal acid-soluble organic phosphate and the cellular orthophosphate pools remained constant for five hours at 20% and 5% of the total cell phosphorus respectively. The ultraviolet-absorbing materials excreted with the orthophosphate were identified as hypoxanthine and uracil. A pentose, presumably ribose, was excreted in small quantities, but was not equivalent in amount to the orthophosphate and did not parallel the pattern of release of the anion. The excretion of orthophosphate, hypoxanthine, and uracil is correlated with the catabolism of RNA as it has been demonstrated in these cells.
Numerical Investigations of Mechanical Responses, Friction and the Formation of Debris of UHMWPE in Total Joint Replacements

Finite element models are developed using ABAQUS and LS-DYNA to investigate the mechanical responses, friction and formation of debris in the contact of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) asperities with metal. The objective is to gain an understanding of wear particle generation mechanism in total joint replacements. Several types of materials including UHMWPE, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Carbon Nanotube-reinforced High Density Polyethylene (CNT-HDPE) with different volume fractions of CNTs are selected to investigate the effect of material properties on friction coefficient. The plastic strain contour and stress contour are obtained in micrometer scale. To assess the influence of the material properties to friction coefficient, an energy-based model is adopted to calculate the plastic dissipation. Time averages of the friction coefficient are taken for comparison purposes. The finite element analysis and the energy-based model are capable of predicting the trend of the average friction coefficient changing with the material properties. A plastic strain damage model is used to investigate the formation of debris during the contact of an UHMWPE cup and a CoCr alloy femoral head in total hip joint replacement. The debris size predicted by the finite element model is consistent with some experimental results in the literature.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A fifteen-item modification of the fuld object-memory evaluation: Preliminary data from healthy middle-aged adults

A modification of the Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation (FOME) test was developed for use with middle-aged adults. To avoid the ceiling effect which occurs when the 10-item FOME is used with adults in this age group, we made the test more difficult by increasing the number of items to 15. We obtained preliminary data on the 15-item version of the test by administering it to 32 healthy, well-educated adults aged 35 to 55. This version of the test was difficult enough so that even high functioning adults needed multiple trials to memorize all items. No sex differences, and no significant correlations with education or age for any aspect of test performance were found. We present mean scores for recall on each trial, as well as averaged scores for storage, retrieval, consistent retrieval, and recall failure across five trials.
Does Location Cueing Increase the Efficiency of the Early Stages of Perceptual Processing

Previous research has shown that precueing a stimulus's location in an otherwise empty field leads to more efficient detection of that stimulus. The experiments reported here sought to determine whether or not such cueing affects the early stages(s) of perception. If cueing affects early perceptual processing, then the effect of cueing should be larger the more difficult the perceptual task; otherwise it should not. Experiment 1 failed to find any facilitation due to cueing, but did find significant inhibition from invalid cues. The size of the inhibition did not differ significantly as a function of perceptual difficulty. Experiment 2 employed a less attention-demanding type of cueing and found significant facilitation as well as inhibition. As in the first experiment, the size of the cueing effect did not differ significantly as a function of difficulty. Experiment 3 used a stronger manipulation of difficulty and obtained essentially the same results. However, there was some tendency for the effect of c...
Organizational termination and policy continuation: Closing the Oklahoma Public Training Schools

Can termination occur withboth a bang and a whimper? This article examines the termination of Oklahoma's State Training Schools for dependent and neglected children and the continuation of the policy of institutionalization and detention through the use of admission to psychiatric hospitals and treatment centers. This case study is discussed in light of Peter deLeon's model of termination and Herbert Kaufman's theory of organizational evolution, and demonstrates the resiliency of public policy, even in the face of organizational termination.
Orientation of Ilmenite and andesine from the St. Urbain, Quebec, titaniferous iron‐ore deposit

As there has been no satisfactory method developed to measure and record the orientation of the opaque ore-minerals, a technique is proposed whereby the orientation of many of the opaque minerals can be measured and statistically recorded on the conventional contoured petrofabric diagram. The method is limited to minerals that have a planar element related to a crystallographic direction that will permit measurement and subsequent recording of the orientation of that crystallographic direction. Some planar elements that can be readily used are: Cleavage; twinning; exsolution plates, when they exhibit relatively sharp boundaries and uniform orientation; crystal faces; replacement or alteration along crystallographic directions; and compositional banding or timing. In many cases etching with the proper solvent will bring out these structures and greatly facilitate the measurements.
Tradeoffs in certificate revocation schemes

Cryptographic certificates are a powerful tool for security concerned applications where the participants must be authenticated in order to access some resources or commit a transaction. However, due to various reasons, the validity of such certificates can change over time, introducing the risk of an invalid certificate being used to authenticate an entity. Various methods of mitigating this risk have been devised, known broadly as "certificate revocation" schemes. In this paper, we categorize and analyze them based on our identified characteristics. We further discuss tradeoffs among them and suggest how system designers might apply the analyses.
The uniqueness and complexity of etymological solutions

Abstract An attempt is made to reconcile two, at first glance, diametrically opposed qualities of etymological solutions: their ultimate uniqueness, inherent in the historical character of etymological reconstruction, and their ever more apparent complexity, traceable in large part to associative interferences, particularly to blends. The illustrations have been drawn from Latin, French, and Hispanic sources.
Temperature dependence of the emissivity of transition metals

Abstract The measured dc electrical resistivities are used to obtain lower bounds to the temperature dependent emissivities of transition metals.