cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A CI study of the classical and nonclassical structures of the vinyl cation and their optimum path for rearrangement

Ab initio calculations including configuration interaction (CI) are reported for the classical (linear) and the nonclassical (bridged) structures of the vinyl cation (C2H3+), and for the minimum energy path for the rearrangement from one to the other. A ’’double‐zeta plus polarization’’ one‐particle basis of contracted Gaussian functions was used to construct an n‐particle space for the CI calculation consisting of the ground state self‐ consistent field (SCF) configuration and all single and double excitations from it. Critical evaluation of the calculations leads to the chemical predictions that (i) the two structures have the same energy, to within ∼1–2 kcal/mole with probably the bridged structure more stable, (ii) that the minimum energy path for rearrangement keeps a planar configuration of the atomic nuclei, and (iii) that the barrier to rearrangement is low, less than ∼1–3 kcal/mole. The calculations include geometry optimization along the rearrangement path as well as the effects of electronic co...
Optical analysis of solar facility heliostats

Abstract Useful insights into significant operating parameters are gained by treating the mirror collector system of a central receiver solar power station as an optical system, no matter how large. We at Sandia Laboratories have developed a method for estimating the approximate size of the solar image cast by individual heliostats. As a consequence from the Coddington equations, we have developed a simple analysis of astigmatism, the major aberration which describes optical off-axis image behavior of a focusing collector system. These predictive equations agree well with experiments performed with a spherical mirror over a range of angles of incidence exceeding 60°. Other than flat mirros, several heliostat configurations were proposed and explored and were found amenable to the same analysis. All desings which attempt to superpose the reflected energy from several mirros mounted and tracked together on the same frame are subject to the same simple rules. Although this analysis is not rigorous, it does give useful insight into the cause of the large image spread found under some operating conditions and it does indicate methods for optimizing the system. Conclusions reached are explicitly related to the off-axis performance of the mirror collectors of a central receiver solar power station.
The role of pH on the acute toxicity of sulfite in water

Abstract The toxicity of sulfite to fish decreases with increasing pH value, because the HSO−3 ion is more toxic than the SO2−3 ion. An effective sulfite concentration Seff which is proportional to the toxicity on fish, is expressed by the following equation: S eff =[ HSO − 3 ]+ƒ[ SO 2− 3 ] where ƒ is a coefficient which expresses the change of toxicity of sulfite depending on the pH of the water, and varies for each species of fish. For goldfish, owing to the very small toxic contribution of SO2−3 ion ( ƒ = 0·07 ), the pH dependence of the toxicity of sulfite on pH was so strong that sulfite seemed almost non-toxic in basic solution. However, ƒ for guppy is somewhat larger ( ƒ = 0·20 ) so that the toxicity of sulfite weakly depends on the pH value of water.
Immunoprofile studies for patients with bronchogenic carcinoma--I: correlation of pre-therapy studies with stage of diseases.

Multiple parameters that contribute to the general immune competence were measured for 145 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. These same parameters were measured for a group of healthy individuals to establish normal values for each of the tests of immunity. The immunoprofile data for the patients were analyzed on the basis of normal or abnormal measurements to determine the effects of stage of disease, histology, prior surgery and age of the patients on the immune system. A strong stage related correlation with immune impairment was observed in that an increased number of patients with perturbed immunity could be demonstrated for many of the parameters studied.
Engaging the net generation with evidence-based software engineering through a community-driven web database

Software engineering faculty face the challenge of educating future researchers and industry practitioners regarding the generation of empirical software engineering studies and their use in evidence-based software engineering. In order to engage the Net generation with this topic, we propose development and population of a community-driven Web database containing summaries of empirical software engineering studies. We also present our experience with integrating these activities into a graduate software engineering course. These efforts resulted in the creation of ''SEEDS: Software Engineering Evidence Database System''. Graduate students initially populated SEEDS with 216 summaries of empirical software engineering studies. The summaries were randomly sampled and reviewed by industry professionals who found the student-written summaries to be at least as useful as professional-written summaries. In fact, 30% more of the respondents found the student-written summaries to be ''very useful''. Motivations, student and instructor-developed prototypes, and assessments of the resulting artifacts will be discussed.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Serum and Other Biological Fluids: Regulation and Functions

I. Introduction II. Characteristics of the IGFBPs III. Target Cell Actions of the IGFBPs A. To modulate IGF actions B. To facilitate storage of IGFs in extracellular matrices C. To exert IGF-independent effects IV. IGF-IGFBP Complexes in Biological Fluids A. Serum B. Milk C. Urine D. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) E. Follicular fluid F. Amniotic fluid G. Lymph H. Seminal fluid I. Other biological fluids V. Assays for Circulating Levels of IGFBP A. Western ligand blotting B. Western immunoblotting C. RIA D. Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) VI. Relative Distribution of IGFBPs in Serum VII. Regulation of Serum IGFBPs A. Physiological conditions B. Development and aging C. Hormonal effects: mechanisms D. Pathological conditions VIII. IGFBP Proteases in Circulation A. Proteases under normal conditions B. Pregnancy-associated proteases C. Proteases under catabolic and disease states IX. Endocrine Functions of IGFBPs in Serum A. To prevent insulin-like effects B. To increase the half-lives of IGFs C. To control the tra...
On the damping decrement for non-linear oscillations

Abstract The logarithmic damping decrement is obtained as a function of arbitrary non-linear restoring forces and arbitrary, but small, non-linear damping forces. General expressions are obtained for both amplitude-dependent and speed-dependent damping. The special case of a cubic restoring force with quadratic amplitude-dependent damping and the special case of a cubic restoring force with quadratic speed-dependent damping are considered in detail. The results of the analysis suggest how experimental data can be utilized to identify and evaluate the damping parameters for a given non-linear oscillator.
TH‐C‐19A‐09: Quantification of Transmission and Backscatter Factors as a function of Distance to Inhomogeneity Interface for Three Types of Surgical Implant Plates

Purpose: Carbon fiber materials have been increasingly used clinically, mainly in orthopedics, as an alternative to metallic implants because of their minimal artifacts on CT and MRI images. This study characterizes the transmission and backscatter property of carbon fiber plates (CarboFix Orthopedics, Herzeliya, Israel) with measurements for radiation therapy applications, and compares them to traditional Stainless Steel (SS) and Titanium (Ti) metal materials. Methods: For the transmission measurements, 1-mm-thick test plate was placed upstream from a plane parallel Markus chamber, separated by various thicknesses of polystyrene plates in 0.5 cm increments between 0 and 5 cm. With this setup, we quantified the radiation transmission as a function of distance to the inhomogeneity interface. The LINAC source to detector distance was maintained at 100 cm and 200 MU was delivered for each measurement. Two 3-cm solid water phantoms were placed at the top and bottom to provide build up. All the measurements were performed for 6 MV and 18 MV photons. The backscatter measurements had the identical setup, except that the test plate was downstream of the chamber from radiation. Results: The carbon fiber plates did not introduce any measureable inhomogeneity effect on the transmission and backscatter factor because of its low atomic number. In contrast, traditional metal implant materials caused up to 15% dose difference at upstream and 25% backscatter at downstream from radiation. Such differences decrease as the distance to the inhomogeneity interface increases and become unmeasurable at distance of 3 cm and 1 cm for upstream and downstream, respectively. Conclusion: A new type of carbon fiber implant plate was evaluated and found to have minimal inhomogeneity effect in MV radiation beams. Patients would benefit from a carbon based implant over metal for radiation therapy due to their minimal backscatter and imaging artifacts.
Evolution of Paleozoic benthic marine invertebrate communities

Abstract Three marine benthic communities are recognized in the Upper Ordovician clastic sequences of the central Appalachians. These communities can be traced throughout part or all of Paleozoic time and, when compared with other previously designated Paleozoic communities, emphasize some evolutionary trends at the community level. Although environmental and geographic coverage is limited, all well known Paleozoic marine invertebrate communities are grouped into five major associations. These associations and their approximate duration are: (1) linguloid-molluscan (Ordovician-Permian); (2) strophomenid-trilobite (Ordovician-Devonian); (3) atrypid-bryozoan (Ordovician-Devonian); (4) productid-chonetid (Devonian-Permian);(5) fusulinid-palaeotextulariid (Pennsylvanian-Permian). Throughout Paleozoic time nearshore communities were consistently dominated by nuculoid bivalves, bellerophontid gastropods and linguloid brachiopods (association 1), whereas offshore articulate brachiopod-dominated communities (associations 2–4) underwent much more rapid changes in faunal composition; these changes were especially evident near the end of the Devonian Period. A modified form of the Moore-Newell emergence hypothesis does not appear to explain the greater instability or evolutionary plasticity of the offshore communities relative to that of the nearshore ones. An Early Paleozoic selection for species tolerant of fluctuating nearshore environmental conditions firmly established the dominant eurytypic molluscan-inarticulate brachiopod communities, whereas invertebrate adaptation to the monotonous offshore environment placed severe limitations on the potential variability of the brachiopod-dominated communities. Thus relatively slight changes in physical or biotic selective pressures could effectively distrupt the offshore stenotypic communities.
Vocal–acoustic circuitry and descending vocal pathways in teleost fish: Convergence with terrestrial vertebrates reveals conserved traits

Vocal behavior is multifaceted and requires that vocal-motor patterning be integrated at multiple brain levels with auditory, neuroendocrine, and other social behavior processes (e.g., courtship and aggression). We now provide anatomical evidence for an extensive vocal network in teleost fishes (Batrachoididae: Porichthys notatus; Opsanus beta) that is strongly integrated with neuroendocrine and auditory pathways and that exhibits striking similarities to the vocal-acoustic circuitry known for mammals. Biotin compound injections into neurophysiologically identified vocal regions of the forebrain (preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus) and of the midbrain (periaqueductal gray and paralemniscal tegmentum) reveal extensive connectivity within and between these regions, as well as reciprocal relationships with the auditory thalamus and/or auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis). Thus, specific components of the basal forebrain and midbrain are here designated as the forebrain vocal-acoustic complex (fVAC) and midbrain vocal-acoustic complex (mVAC), respectively. Biotin injections into the mVAC and a previously identified hindbrain vocal pattern generator likewise provide anatomical evidence for a distributed network of descending projections to the vocal pacemaker-motoneuron circuitry. Together, the present experiments establish a vocal-auditory-neuroendocrine network in teleost fish that links the forebrain and midbrain to the hindbrain vocal pattern generator (i.e., fVAC --> mVAC --> pattern generator) and provides an anatomical framework for the previously identified neuropeptide modulation of vocal activity elicited from the forebrain and midbrain, which contributes to the expression of sex- and male morph-specific behavior. We conclude with a broad comparison of these findings with those for other vertebrate taxa and suggest that the present findings provide novel insights into the structure of conserved behavioral regulatory circuits that have led to evolutionary convergence in vocal-acoustic systems.
Changes in biogenic amine concentrations during sauerkraut storage.

Sauerkrauts were prepared in four laboratory experiments from three white cabbage varieties by spontaneous fermentation at 15°C for 14 days and then stored at 5–6°C and sampled after 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Seven biogenic amines were extracted with perchloric acid and determined as N-benzamides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Sauerkraut quality parameters such as pH value, total acidity and lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and ammonia concentrations were also determined. Histamine, tryptamine and spermine were virtually below detection limits. Tyramine was present at the highest levels, up to hundreds mg kg−1, followed by putrescine and cadaverine. Spermidine concentrations were below 14 mg kg−1. Tyramine concentrations increased significantly (P<0.01) with storage time. Significant regression (P<0.01) was observed between the sum of the latter four amine concentrations and ammonia concentrations. No differences were observed at the significance level P<0.01, between amine concentrations in sauerkrauts and corresponding sauerkraut juices.
A global version of a theorem of Ben-David and Magidor

Abstract We prove a consistency result about square principles and stationary reflection which generalises the result of Ben-David and Magidor [4].
Bayesian inference in a discrete shock model using confounded common cause data

Abstract We consider redundant systems of identical components for which reliability is assessed statistically using only demand-based failures and successes. Direct assessment of system reliability can lead to gross errors in estimation if there exist external events in the working environment that cause two or more components in the system to fail in the same deman period which have not been included in the reliability model. We develop a simple Bayesian model for estimating component reliability and the corresponding probability of common cause failure in operating systems for which the data is confounded; that is, the common cause failures cannot be distinguished from multiple independent component failures in the narrative event descriptions.
Unilateral Pulmonary Edema Secondary to Mitral Valve Perforation

A 52-year-old hypertensive man, with a 40–pack-a-year smoking history, presented to an outside hospital with dyspnea, fever, and cough. Chest x-ray demonstrated right-sided infiltrates. He was treated with antibiotics for presumed pneumonia. However, the patient presented the following morning with worsening dyspnea and hemoptysis. Bronchioalveolar lavage and right lung biopsy under general anesthesia were nondiagnostic. The patient was transferred to our institution for further management. At our hospital, chest auscultation revealed a systolic murmur consistent with mitral regurgitation (MR). Chest x-ray and …
How do children coordinate simultaneous upper and lower extremity tasks? The development of dual motor task coordination.

When performing simultaneous clapping with walking or galloping, adults adopt coupled, consistent and stable dual motor task coordination (Whitall & Getchell, 1996); do developmental trends in this coordination exist? In this study, we measured and compared coupling characteristics, consistency across trials and variability of phasing in 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds (n=44) as they also performed the same dual motor task. For walk/clap, children adopted specific coupling patterns like adults by 8 years and with the same consistency by 10 years. Across age, children became less variable in clap and step movements separately and as coupled together. In the gallop/clap, children did not resemble adults in coupling patterns by 10 years but all measures were becoming more consistent across age. We discuss dual motor task coordination as a function of age and task complexity using a “dynamic” perspective within a developmental context
Reliability Trends with Advanced CMOS Scaling and The Implications for Design

Scaling (for enhanced performance, increased functionality and cost reduction reasons) has pushed existing CMOS materials much closer to their intrinsic reliability limits. This will require that designers pay very close attention to both front-end-of-line (FEOL) and back-end-of-line (BEOL) reliability issues. As for the FEOL reliability issues, hyper-thin gate oxide leakage, time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), and negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) are near the top the list. In the case of hyper-thin gate oxides, TDDB can manifest itself in terms of multiple soft-breakdown events thus causing an unwanted rise in leakage; NBTI-induced p-channel device degradation tends to have a significant impact on minimum-voltage circuit operation. As for the important BEOL reliability issues, the top ones are: electromigration (EM), stress migration (SM), low-k dielectric TDDB, and mechanical weaknesses associated with the low-k films and their interfaces. The EM associated with Cu interconnects will continue to worsen with scaling due to increased interface effects; SM will require even fewer vacancies to coalesce which can cause an unwanted via resistance rise; and relatively poor low-k TDDB behavior and low-k mechanical-weakness issues may require special interconnect layout considerations.
Timing results of some internal sorting algorithms on the IBM 3090

Abstract The information contained in a paper by Ronsch adn Strauss on the performance of sorting algorithms on vector computers is completed with performance data of the IBM 3090 on sorting. For scalar sorting, the IBM 3090 turns out to be faster than all the machines considered by Ronnsch and Strauss. Due to this high scalar speed, FORTRAN-coded vector sorting is never more efficient than scalar sorting on the IBM 3090, at least for the vector sorting algorithms considered. On the other hand, for optimized library routines the IBM 3090 outperforms the CRAY X-MP (but not the AMDAHL 1200) at most vector lenghts.
The Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis

Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancers. Various crucial interactions between the brain environment and tumor cells take place during the development of the cancer at its new location. The rapid expansion in molecular biology and genetics has advanced our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved, from invasion to final colonization of new organ tissues. Understanding the various events occurring at each stage should enable targeted drug delivery and individualized treatments for patients, with better outcomes and fewer side effects. This paper summarizes the principal molecular and genetic mechanisms that underlie the development of brain metastasis (BrM).
Delocalization of free electron density through phenylene-ethynylene: Structural changes studied by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy

We have studied the photochemistry of 1,4-bis(2-[4-tert-butylperoxycarbonylphenyl]ethynyl)benzene (1) and tert-butyl 4-(2-{4-[2-(4-phenyloxycarbonylphenyl)-1-ethynyl]phenyl}-1-ethynyl)peroxybenzoate (2). Excitation of 1 and 2 by a 355-nm laser pulse leads to the rapid formation of aroyloxyl radicals. An unpaired electron conjugated with the phenylene−ethynylene core is substantially delocalized over the π-system of the chromophore. The −C⋮C− vibrational frequencies of these radicals are red-shifted relative to 1 and 2 as measured by time-resolved IR spectroscopy. This shift is attributed to the change in the triple bond character due to delocalization of the free electron.
Justice, Desert, and the Repugnant Conclusion*

In Chapter 17 of his magnificent Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit asks what he describes as an ‘awesome question’: ‘How many people should there ever be?’ For a utilitarian like me, the answer seems simple: there should be however many people it takes to make the world best. Unfortunately, if I answer Parfit's awesome question in this way, I may sink myself in a quagmire of axiological confusion. In this paper, I first describe certain aspects of the quagmire. Then I introduce and explain some of the elements of a novel axiological view – ‘justicism’. Justicism is derived from some ideas originally suggested by Franz Brentano. It was developed in an effort to solve certain other problems confronting utilitarianism – problems explicitly about justice. I think, however, that as a sort of happy by-product, justicism also generates a plausible answer to Parfit's awesome question. This may come as a bit of surprise, since justicism is a form of totalism, and it is widely thought that no totalistic theory can provide a satisfactory answer to Parfit's question. After presenting and explaining my proposed solution, I address some objections.
Different classes of tissue-specific genes show different levels of noncoding conservation

We divide tissue-specific genes into two major classes: regulators, defined as genes participating in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation, and effectors, defined as genes involved in rendering the physiological properties of cells. We show that regulators tend to have significantly greater noncoding conservation than effectors. We further show that within the regulator class, tissue-specific transcription factors generally have the greatest noncoding conservation, whereas signal receptors generally have the least noncoding conservation. Using noncoding conservation as a proxy for the complexity of cis-regulatory DNA, we extrapolate that different classes of tissue-specific genes tend to have different levels of cis-regulatory complexity and that greater complexity can be found in genes involved in transcriptional regulation, especially transcription factors.
Contribution of osseous and muscular stabilizing effects with the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability without glenoid bone loss.

Background The Latarjet procedure is used to treat anterior shoulder instability. Authors contend that the main concept of the operation is using the conjoined tendon as a sling to lower the subscapularis, reinforcing the anteroinferior capsule. The effects of the “sling,” as well as stability and range of motion (ROM), after the Latarjet procedure have not been documented. In this study, we test the Latarjet procedure, attempting to account for the effect of the conjoined tendon. We also use the model to characterize the kinematic effects and stabilizing mechanism of the Latarjet procedure. Materials and methods Six cadaveric shoulders were tested in the intact state, after anterior capsulotomy, and after the Latarjet procedure. An apparatus was designed that allowed for loading of the conjoined tendon. ROM and translation were quantified. After conclusion of testing in the Latarjet group, the conjoined tendon was released and specimens were retested to determine stability attributable to the sling effect versus the osseous effect alone. Results We found no statistically significant differences with regard to ROM after the Latarjet procedure. The Latarjet procedure did significantly decrease anteroinferior translation. However, when the conjoined tendon was unloaded, there was a significantly decreased resistance to anterior translation. After conjoined tendon release, there was no effect on inferior translation. Conclusion This study confirmed that the Latarjet procedure successfully decreases anteroinferior translation while maintaining ROM. It did not support the belief that inferior stability is provided by the sling effect. The model developed can serve as the basis for future testing.
Learning in Markov Random Fields using Tempered Transitions

Markov random fields (MRF's), or undirected graphical models, provide a powerful framework for modeling complex dependencies among random variables. Maximum likelihood learning in MRF's is hard due to the presence of the global normalizing constant. In this paper we consider a class of stochastic approximation algorithms of the Robbins-Monro type that use Markov chain Monte Carlo to do approximate maximum likelihood learning. We show that using MCMC operators based on tempered transitions enables the stochastic approximation algorithm to better explore highly multimodal distributions, which considerably improves parameter estimates in large, densely-connected MRF's. Our results on MNIST and NORB datasets demonstrate that we can successfully learn good generative models of high-dimensional, richly structured data that perform well on digit and object recognition tasks.
Suppressor of Phosphofructokinase Mutations of Escherichia coli

The known locus of fructose-6-phosphate kinase mutations (pfkA) in Escherichia coli is at 76 min on the genetic map. We have now found another gene, pfkB, at 33 min, mutation of which suppresses pfkA mutations. The suppression is not informational, and pfkB may be a second gene for fructose-6-phosphate kinase activity.
SIMULATING AXONAL STRETCH DURING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY EVENTS

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) affect up to 1.5 million people annually within the United States with as many as 250,000 being hospitalized and 50,000 dying [1]. TBI events occur when the brain experiences a sudden trauma such as a rapid deceleration of the brain that typically occurs during motor vehicle accidents. During rapid deceleration events, the brain is subjected to high inertial forces that can result in a shearing or elongation of axons that is commonly known as Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) [2,3].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Preclinical Determinants of Drug Choice under Concurrent Schedules of Drug Self-Administration

Drug self-administration procedures have played a critical role in the experimental analysis of psychoactive compounds, such as cocaine, for over 50 years. While there are numerous permutations of this procedure, this paper will specifically focus on choice procedures using concurrent schedules of intravenous drug self-administration. The aims of this paper are to first highlight the evolution of drug choice procedures and then review the subsequent preclinical body of literature utilizing these choice procedures to understand the environmental, pharmacological, and biological determinants of the reinforcing stimulus effects of drugs. A main rationale for this paper is our proposition that choice schedules are underutilized in investigating the reinforcing effects of drugs in assays of drug self-administration. Moreover, we will conclude with potential future directions and unexplored scientific space for the use of drug choice procedures.
Secure Anonymous Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Providing security and privacy to users are critical in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). In this paper, a distributed security architecture is introduced to manage the mesh clients and a secure routing scheme that preserves the privacy of the end-users is proposed. In order to maximize routing efficiency, key indexing is used and symmetric cipher is employed in most part of the proposed scheme to reduce computational complexity. Both single-hop mesh client to mesh router and multi-hop mesh client to mesh client secure anonymous routing are proposed and discussed. Security and anonymity analysis are conducted followed by a complete performance analysis of the proposed protocol focusing on the route establish time and the routing overhead. The results show a reasonable overhead that linearly increases with the number of intermediate nodes. It is also demonstrated that the proposed schemes perform well against a broad range of attacks.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a hospitalized adult with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mimicking influenza A and Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (PCP).

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised hosts, but RSV is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In patients with HIV, CAP is most frequently attributable to the usual bacterial respiratory pathogens that cause CAP in immunocompetent hosts, eg, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Hemophilus influenzae. Adults with HIV are also predisposed to intracellular CAP pathogens, ie, Mycoplasma tuberculosis, Salmonella spp., Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci (PCP), cytomegalovirus, and Legionella spp. This year, co-circulating in the community during influenza season were strains of human seasonal influenza A (H3N2) and swine influenza A (H1N1). During the influenza season, in adults hospitalized with HIV, the diagnostic possibilities should include influenza-like illnesses, eg, human parainfluenza virus types 3 and 4, human metapneumovirus, and pertussis. Case Report We present an adult with HIV, hospitalized for an influenza-like illness during influenza season. The differential diagnosis of CAP in this patient included influenza A and PCP. Conclusion We report on an adult patient with HIV with CAP that mimicked influenza and PCP, and was attributable to RSV.
Threshold Functions for the Bipartite Turán Property

Let G2(n) denote a bipartite graph with n vertices in each color class, and let z(n;t) be the bipartite Tur an number, representing the maximum possible number of edges in G2(n) if it does not contain a copy of the complete bipartite subgraph K(t;t). It is then clear that (n;t )= n 2 z (n;t) denotes the minimum number of zeros in an nn zero-one matrix that does not contain a tt submatrix consisting of all ones. We are interested in the behaviour of z(n;t) when both t and n go to innity. The case 2 t n 1=5 has been treated in [9] ; here we use a dierent method to consider the overlapping case logn t n 1=3 . Fill an nn matrix randomly with z ones and = n 2 z zeros. Then, we prove that the asymptotic probability that there are no tt submatrices with all ones is zero or one, according as z (t=ne) 2=t expfan=t 2 g or z (t=ne) 2=t expf(logt bn)=t 2 g, where an tends to innity at a specied rate, and bn!1is arbitrary. The proof employs
Physical Modeling Of Nanoelectronic Devices

An analytic model has been developed for nanoelectronic device analysis. Application of the model to determine the channel length limited by the short channel effect is presented. The analysis indicates for L ch ≪ 150nm an alternate source-drain junction design is required for room and low temperature operation.
Multi-purpose magnetic particle analyzer

Abstract A flexible magnetic particle analyzer is proposed. It will be used as (1) a broad range spectrograph; (2) a high intensity spectrometer; and (3) a high resolution spectrometer free of kinematic broadening effects.
Eigendeformation-based reduced order homogenization for failure analysis of heterogeneous materials

The manuscript presents a novel model reduction approach for periodic heterogeneous media, which combines the multiple scale asymptotic (MSA) expansion method with the transformation field analysis (TFA) to reduce the computational cost of a direct homogenization approach without significantly compromising on solution accuracy. The evolution of failure in micro-phases and interfaces is modeled using eigendeformation. Adaptive model improvement strategy incorporating a hierarchical sequence of computational homogenization models is employed to control the accuracy of the model. We present the model formulation and the computational details along with verification (with respect to direct homogenization) and validation (with respect to physical experiments) studies.
Pediatric Sleep Questionnaires as Diagnostic or Epidemiological Tools: A Review of Currently Available Instruments

An extensive list of published and unpublished instruments used to investigate or evaluate sleep issues in children was collected and assessed based on the fundamental operational principles of instrument development (11 steps). Of all the available tools identified, only a few were validated and standardized using appropriate psychometric criteria. In fact, only 2 fulfill all desirable criteria and approximately 11 instruments seem to adhere to most of the psychometric tool development requirements, and were therefore assessed in greater detail. Notwithstanding, in the rapidly developing scientific world of pediatric sleep, there are too many tools being used that have not undergone careful and methodical psychometric evaluation, and as such may be fraught with biased or invalid findings. It is hoped that this initial effort in categorizing and assessing available tools for pediatric sleep will serve as recognition of the relatively early developmental stage of our field, and provide the necessary impetus for future tool development using multicentered approaches and adequate methodologies.
Nonlinear Image Interpolation using Manifold Learning

The problem of interpolating between specified images in an image sequence is a simple, but important task in model-based vision. We describe an approach based on the abstract task of "manifold learning" and present results on both synthetic and real image sequences. This problem arose in the development of a combined lip-reading and speech recognition system.
Simulation of a propelled wake with moderate excess momentum in a stratified fluid

Direct numerical simulation is used to simulate the turbulent wake behind an accelerating axisymmetric self-propelled body in a stratified fluid. Acceleration is modelled by adding a velocity profile corresponding to net thrust to a self-propelled velocity profile resulting in a wake with excess momentum. The effect of a small to moderate amount of excess momentum on the initially momentumless self-propelled wake is investigated to evaluate if the addition of excess momentum leads to a large qualitative change in wake dynamics. Both the amount and shape of excess momentum are varied. Increasing the amount of excess momentum and/or decreasing the radial extent of excess momentum was found to increase the defect velocity, mean kinetic energy, shear in the velocity gradient and the wake width. The increased shear in the mean profile resulted in increased production of turbulent kinetic energy leading to an increase in turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation. Slightly larger vorticity structures were observed in the late wake with excess momentum although the differences between vorticity structures in the self-propelled and 40 % excess momentum cases was significantly smaller than suggested by previous experiments. Buoyancy was found to preserve the doubly inflected velocity profile in the vertical direction, and similarity for the mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy was found to occur in both horizontal and vertical directions. While quantitative differences were observed between cases with and without excess momentum, qualitatively similar evolution was found to occur.
Theoretical interpretation of anomalous tritium and neutron productions during Pd/D co-deposition experiments

The recent experimental observations of triple tracks in solid-state nuclear track detectors, CR-39, during Pd/D co-deposition experiments indicate that the triple tracks are due to ∼14 MeV neutrons, which appear to originate from "hot" fusion reaction D(t,n) 4 He. Nuclear theory interpretation of the origin of ∼14 MeV neutrons is presented in terms of a sub-threshold resonance reaction involving (T + p) resonance state of 4 He ∗ (J π =0 + ) at 20.21 MeV, which produces 1.01 MeV T. An upper limit of the branching ratio, R(n)/R(T), between neutron production rate and tritium production rate is calculated to be R(n)/R(T) < 10 −4 . Experimental tests of the proposed theoretical interpretation are proposed.
Multirate scheduling for guaranteed and predictive services in ATM networks

We propose a multirate service mechanism that allows a network session to be served at different rates at different times. Applications generating bursty data, such as VBR video, can take advantage of multirate service by requesting a high rate of service for brief periods of bursty arrivals and a lower rate of service at other times. Consequently, an application can improve its delay performance without reserving high bandwidth for the entire duration of a session. Using MPEG video traces from a number of applications, we show that a multirate server outperforms single rate PGPS (packet-by-packet generalized processor sharing) servers in terms of number of connections admitted, while providing the same level of service guarantees. We also investigate the performance of multirate service when service quality need not be guaranteed. We refer to this as predictive service. We show that multirate servers are superior to single rate servers in providing predictive services.
TripAdvisor^{N-D}: A Tourism-Inspired High-Dimensional Space Exploration Framework with Overview and Detail

Gaining a true appreciation of high-dimensional space remains difficult since all of the existing high-dimensional space exploration techniques serialize the space travel in some way. This is not so foreign to us since we, when traveling, also experience the world in a serial fashion. But we typically have access to a map to help with positioning, orientation, navigation, and trip planning. Here, we propose a multivariate data exploration tool that compares high-dimensional space navigation with a sightseeing trip. It decomposes this activity into five major tasks: 1) Identify the sights: use a map to identify the sights of interest and their location; 2) Plan the trip: connect the sights of interest along a specifyable path; 3) Go on the trip: travel along the route; 4) Hop off the bus: experience the location, look around, zoom into detail; and 5) Orient and localize: regain bearings in the map. We describe intuitive and interactive tools for all of these tasks, both global navigation within the map and local exploration of the data distributions. For the latter, we describe a polygonal touchpad interface which enables users to smoothly tilt the projection plane in high-dimensional space to produce multivariate scatterplots that best convey the data relationships under investigation. Motion parallax and illustrative motion trails aid in the perception of these transient patterns. We describe the use of our system within two applications: 1) the exploratory discovery of data configurations that best fit a personal preference in the presence of tradeoffs and 2) interactive cluster analysis via cluster sculpting in N-D.
Concurrent Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy and Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

ABSTRACTBackground: Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease causing demyelination of peripheral nerves. Multiple variants of GBS exist, with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) being the most severe. GBS typically does not occur in the setting of other autoimmune diseases; however, few case reports do exist describing the occurrence. Methods: We describe a patient with acute motor and sensory deficits and thrombocytopenia, ultimately diagnosed with concurrent AMSAN and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Results: A 75-year-old woman presented with new onset diplopia and gait instability, however, was found to have a severe thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids were initiated for ITP and intravenous immunoglobulin for apparent GBS. Nerve conduction studies and her clinical course indicated that she likely had AMSAN. Although her platelet count recovered, her neurologic status remained poor, prompting therapy with plasmapheresis with subsequent mild im...
Code Requirements for Isolated Buildings

The first building in the USA to use a seismic isolation system was completed in 1985 and was publicized in national engineering magazines and visited by a great many engineers and architects from the USA and around the world. However, it was several years before the second base-isolated building was begun. The acceptance of isolation as an anti-seismic design approach for some classes of buildings has clearly been inhibited in the USA by lack of a code covering base-isolated structures. It was recognized quite early that it was necessary to add isolation design requirements to the existing structural codes and, accordingly, the Structural Engineers Association of Northern California (SEAONC) created a working group in 1980 to develop design guidelines for isolated buildings. A brief document was produced and became the starting point for a sub-committee of the SEAONC Seismology Committee that was formed in early 1985.
Attack of the Utility Monsters: The New Threats to Free Speech

Freedom of expression is looking less and less like a settled issue. Challenges to it have lately arisen from the right, from the left, from Muslim perspectives, and even in the name of protecting children online. These challenges seem to share an underlying concern, namely that we must balance free expression against the psychic hurt that some expressions will provoke. Often these critiques are couched in language that draws or appears to draw, on the law and economics movement. Yet the cost-benefit analyses advanced to support restrictions on expression are incomplete, subjective, and self-contradictory. Several examples help to illustrate this point, including flag-desecration laws, hate-speech laws in the United Kingdom and Canada, U.S. college and university speech codes, the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, and the Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act, currently before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. Although seemingly unrelated, these measures rely on a common assumption, namely that governments should provide emotional well-being to their citizens, even at the expense of free expression. This assumption discounts the emotional well being of other citizens, neglects countervailing social considerations, and hands arbitrary power to governments. The result is not more happiness, but a race to the bottom, in which aggrieved groups compete endlessly with one another for a slice of government power. Philosopher Robert Nozick once observed that utilitarianism is hard-pressed to banish what he termed utility monsters — that is, individuals who take inordinate satisfaction from acts that displease others. Arguing about who hurt whose feelings worse, and about who needs more soothing than whom, seems designed to discover — or create — utility monsters. We must not allow this to happen. Instead, liberal governments have traditionally relied on a particular bargain, in which freedom of expression is maintained for all, and in which emotional satisfaction is a private pursuit, not a public guarantee. This bargain can extend equally to all people, and it forms the basis for an enduring and diverse society, one in which differences may be aired without fear of reprisal. Although world cultures increasingly mix with one another, and although our powers of expression are greater than ever before, these are not sound reasons to abandon the liberal bargain. Restrictions on free expression do not make societies happier or more tolerant, but instead make them more fractious and censorious.
A mathematical formulation for interface-based modular product design with geometric and weight constraints

Since customer preferences change rapidly, there is a need for design processes with shorter product development cycles. Modularization plays a key role in achieving mass customization, which is crucial in today's competitive global market environments. Standardized interfaces among modularized parts have facilitated computational product design. To incorporate product size and weight constraints during computational design procedures, a mixed integer programming formulation is presented in this article. Product size and weight are two of the most important design parameters, as evidenced by recent smart-phone products. This article focuses on the integration of geometric, weight and interface constraints into the proposed mathematical formulation. The formulation generates the optimal selection of components for a target product, which satisfies geometric, weight and interface constraints. The formulation is verified through a case study and experiments are performed to demonstrate the performance of the...
Wordsworth's Lucy Poems in Psychobiographical Context

The Lucy poems were evoked by stress in Wordsworth’s relationships with Dorothy and Coleridge. Four were written in Germany, where Wordsworth was forced to separate from Coleridge because of the added expense of keeping Dorothy. Wordsworth’s resulting hostility toward Dorothy mixes with his love as he fantasizes her death and then mourns her loss in the Lucy poems. But his relationship with Coleridge darkened as well after Coleridge stated a preference for living near Thomas Poole rather than Wordsworth when the poets met at Gottingen following their winter-long separation. “I Travelled among Unknown Men,” written in England two years later, reveals, however, that Wordsworth overcame his ambivalence toward Dorothy and his excessive dependency upon Coleridge; his declaration of love for England becomes an indirect refusal to venture abroad with Coleridge again. Through the development of the Lucy cycle, Wordsworth discovered that place is the foundation of love and relationship.
Intracranial Calcifications in the Pediatric Age Group: An Imaging Review

Intracranial calcifications in the pediatric population are frequently encountered on imaging studies and may be seen in association with a variety of disease states. This review article provides an overview of the various pathological entities which may result in calcification on pediatric neuroimaging studies, including their key clinical, imaging, and histological features. For ease of discussion, disease categories are grouped into neoplastic, infectious, vascular, iatrogenic, and metabolic etiologies. The phakomatoses are discussed as well. It is hoped that the information contained in this review will assist the reader in formulating an appropriate differential diagnosis when intracranial calcifications are identified on imaging examinations.
Reinforcement of water cushion basin in Manwan hydropower station

According to the construction of the reinforcement of water cushion basin in Manwan hydropower station,the article introduced the application technology of the underwater non-dispersion silica fume concrete,quality management and some advice for the similar projects in future.
Inelastic Strength of Cold-Formed Steel Beams

On the basis of an experimental and analytical study, it has been shown that the inelastic reserve strength of cold-formed steel beams due to partial plastification of the cross section can be significant for many practical shapes. With proper care this reserve strength can be utilized to achieve more economical design of such members. Beams whose compression flanges are stiffened along both longitudinal edges by webs is the subject of this paper. Current work at Cornell University includes the extension of this study to beams with compression flanges, with unstiffened outer edges as well as the utilization of reserve strength due to inelastic moment redistribution.