cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Property, Museums, and the Pacific: Reframing the Debates

The following short articles were presented at a special session of the Pacific Arts Association, held at the College Arts Association annual meeting in New York in February 2007. Entitled “Cultural Properties—Reconnecting Pacific Arts,” the panel brought together curators and anthropologists working in the Pacific, and with Pacific collections elsewhere, with the intention of presenting a series of case studies evoking the discourse around cultural property that has emerged within this institutional, social, and material framework. The panel was conceived in direct response to the ways that cultural property, specifically in relation to museum collections, has been discussed recently in major metropolitan art museums such as the British Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met). This prevailing cultural property discourse tends to use antiquities—that most ancient, valuable, and malleable of material culture, defined categorically by the very distancing of time that in turn becomes a primary justification for their circulation on the market or the covetous evocation of national identity—as a baseline for discussion of broader issues around national patrimony and ownership. © 2008, International Cultural Property Society. All rights reserved.
Vitamin D and breast cancer: insights from animal models

1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3[, the biologically active form of vitamin D that interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), is a coordinate regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and survival of breast cancer cells. Therefore, vitamin D compounds that bind and activate VDRs offer promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of established breast cancer. In addition, epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies suggested that vitamin D status is important for protection against the development of breast cancer. To elucidate potential biological mechanisms through which vitamin D status might be associated with breast cancer risk, basic research studies focused on defining the molecular effects of vitamin D signaling in the normal mammary gland. Both VDR and vitamin D 1-hydroxylase, the enzyme that generates 1,25(OH)2D3, are expressed and dynamically regulated in the normal mammary gland. Furthermore, studies with mice lacking VDRs established that vitamin D participates in negative growth control of the normal mammary gland and that disruption of VDR signaling is associated with abnormal ductal morphologic features, increased incidence of preneoplastic lesions, and accelerated mammary tumor development. These studies support the concept that suboptimal generation of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the mammary gland might sufficiently deregulate VDR-mediated gene expression to sensitize mammary cells to transformation. In light of these observations, studies to define the most appropriate biomarkers of vitamin D status in relation to protection against breast cancer among human subjects are urgently needed.
Production of Partially Achromatic Zone Plates by Holographic Techniques

An experimental technique is presented for the production and evaluation of partially achromatized zone plates. The parameters that control achromatism are discussed as well as the experimental arrangements necessary to carry out the work.The results show that it is possible to produce zone plates that have red and blue focus coincident.
Role of electrode design on the volume of tissue activated during deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established clinical treatment for a range of neurological disorders. Depending on the disease state of the patient, different anatomical structures such as the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM), the subthalamic nucleus or the globus pallidus are targeted for stimulation. However, the same electrode design is currently used in nearly all DBS applications, even though substantial morphological and anatomical differences exist between the various target nuclei. The fundamental goal of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of the impact of changes in the DBS electrode contact geometry on the volume of tissue activated (VTA) during stimulation. Finite element models of the electrodes and surrounding medium were coupled to cable models of myelinated axons to predict the VTA as a function of stimulation parameter settings and electrode design. Clinical DBS electrodes have cylindrical contacts 1.27 mm in diameter (d) and 1.5 mm in height (h). Our results show that changes in contact height and diameter can substantially modulate the size and shape of the VTA, even when contact surface area is preserved. Electrode designs with a low aspect ratio (d/h) maximize the VTA by providing greater spread of the stimulation parallel to the electrode shaft without sacrificing lateral spread. The results of this study provide the foundation necessary to customize electrode design and VTA shape for specific anatomical targets, and an example is presented for the VIM. A range of opportunities exist to engineer DBS systems to maximize stimulation of the target area while minimizing stimulation of non-target areas. Therefore, it may be possible to improve therapeutic benefit and minimize side effects from DBS with the design of target-specific electrodes.
Stress-induced activation of the HPA axis predicts connectivity between subgenual cingulate and salience network during rest in adolescents

Background: Responses to stress vary greatly in young adolescents, and little is known about neural correlates of the stress response in youth. The purpose of this study was to examine whether variability in cortisol responsivity following a social stress test in young adolescents is associated with altered neural functional connectivity (FC) of the salience network (SN) measured during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods: Forty-nine typically developing young adolescents participated in a social stress test during which they contributed salivary cortisol samples. Following this, they underwent rs-fMRI scanning. We examined the association of FC of the SN [composed of anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral anterior insula regions] with cortisol responsivity. Results: Greater cortisol responsivity was significantly positively correlated with higher FC between subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (Cg25) and the SN, controlling for participant age. There were no regions of the brain that showed an inverse relation. Conclusions: Brain systems that have been implicated in autonomic arousal and that influence subjective feeling states show altered FC associated with stress responsivity in early life. Keywords: Resting-state, adolescents, HPA axis, stress, subgenual cingulate, fMRI, salience network, connectivity.
Mohamed Zafzaf's 'Al-Mar[hamza]a Wa-l-Warda or the Voyage North in the Postcolonial Era

In Culture and Imperialism, Edward Said considers the topos of the voyage North as one of the motifs in the “culture of resistance.” Traveling North is seen in this respect as a reversal of imperial and colonial history. When, for instance, Mustafa Saء ed in Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North goes to England, his objective is to conquer—so he thinks—with his “penis” the country of his colonizer. The cultural encounter between Britain and the Arab–African nation of Sudan involves for Saءed a configuration of power in which the West is imagined as a woman to be raped in the same way colonial armies raped the virgin territories of the Orient and Africa.
Probing magnetic anisotropy and spin polarization in spintronic materials

Magnetic anisotropy and spin polarization are fundamental parameters in ferromagnetic materials that have use in spintronic device applications. As the need for screening properties of new magnetic materials rises, it is important to have measurement probes for quantities such as anisotropy and spin polarization. We have developed two unconventional yet powerful techniques to study these parameters. A resonant RF transverse susceptibility method is used to map the characteristic anisotropy and switching fields over a wide range in temperature and magnetic fields. For studies of spin polarization, the phenomenon of Andreev reflection across ferromagnet-superconductor junctions is used to extract values of the transport spin polarization. The effectiveness of these approaches is demonstrated in candidate spintronic materials such as half-metallic CrO/sub 2/ thin films and arrays of monodisperse, single-domain Fe nanoparticles.
Oscillations of relative inclination angles in compact extrasolar planetary systems

The Kepler Mission has detected dozens of compact planetary systems with more than four transiting planets. This sample provides a collection of close-packed planetary systems with relatively little spread in the inclination angles of the inferred orbits. A large fraction of the observational sample contains limited multiplicity, begging the question whether there is a true diversity of multi transiting systems, or if some systems merely possess high mutual inclinations, allowing them to appear as single-transiting systems in a transit-based survey. This paper begins an exploration of the effectiveness of dynamical mechanisms in exciting orbital inclination within exoplanetary systems of this class. For these tightly packed systems, we determine that the orbital inclination angles are not spread out appreciably through self-excitation. In contrast, the two Kepler multi-planet systems with additional non-transiting planets are susceptible to oscillations of their inclination angles, which means their currently observed configurations could be due to planet-planet interactions alone. We also provide constraints and predictions for the expected transit duration variations (TDVs) for each planet. In these multi-planet compact Kepler systems, oscillations of their inclination angles are remarkably hard to excite; as a result, they tend to remain continually mutually transiting (CMT-stable). We study this issue further by augmenting the planet masses and determining the enhancement factor required for oscillations to move the systems out of transit. The oscillations of inclination found here inform the recently suggested dichotomy in the sample of solar systems observed by Kepler.
9 Current Issues in Cognitive Training Research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the issues in cognitive training research. As a relatively new research area within psychogerontology, cognitive training studies have generated considerable interest and discussion. This chapter discusses five issues of current concern in the cognitive training literature. It begins by reviewing some empirical data related to each issue and then considers the implications of the issue for the broader understanding of adult cognition in old age. Three studies involved training of cognitive strategies related to the fluid abilities of Figural Relations or Inductive Reasoning. The remaining two studies involved practice on Figural Relations and Inductive Reasoning abilities. Each study involved a pretest-treatment-posttest, control group design. Following the pretest, cognitive strategy training subjects participated in 5 one-hour training sessions focusing on cognitive strategies related to the target ability.
Book review: Outstanding Psychometric Books

[1] Generalized Latent Variable Modeling: Multilevel, Longitudinal, and Structural Equation Models, by Anders Skrondal and Sophia Rabe-Hasketh, 2004, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ISBN:...
Identification of a Human Monoclonal Antibody To Replace Equine Diphtheria Antitoxin for Treatment of Diphtheria Intoxication

Diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) has been the cornerstone of the treatment of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection for more than 100 years. Although the global incidence of diphtheria has declined steadily over the last quarter of the 20th century, the disease remains endemic in many parts of the world, and significant outbreaks still occur. DAT is an equine polyclonal antibody that is not commercially available in the United States and is in short supply globally. A safer, more readily available alternative to DAT would be desirable. In the current study, we obtained human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) directly from antibody-secreting cells in the circulation of immunized human volunteers. We isolated a panel of diverse hMAbs that recognized diphtheria toxoid, as well as a variety of recombinant protein fragments of diphtheria toxin. Forty-five unique hMAbs were tested for neutralization of diphtheria toxin in in vitro cytotoxicity assays with a 50% effective concentration of 0.65 ng/ml for the lead candidate hMAb, 315C4. In addition, 25 μg of 315C4 completely protected guinea pigs from intoxication in an in vivo lethality model, yielding an estimated relative potency of 64 IU/mg. In comparison, 1.6 IU of DAT was necessary for full protection from morbidity and mortality in this model. We further established that our lead candidate hMAb binds to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin and physically blocks the toxin from binding to the putative receptor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. The discovery of a specific and potent human neutralizing antibody against diphtheria toxin holds promise as a potential therapeutic.
Intracellular bile canaliculi in the rabbit liver.

SummaryWith the aid of the histochemical phosphatase stain, intracellular bile canaliculi can be demonstrated in the normal rabbit liver. These intracellular branches become considerably more pronounced following experimental biliary obstruction.
Labor Distribution and the Normative System

sample of 301 bank clerks and officials from 12 banks."6 With these data we hope not only to test the hypotheses outlined above, but to refine further the theory of occupational determinateness. 16 For a more detailed discussion of the sample and methodology, see Raymond W. Mack, Raymond J. Murphy, and Seymour Yellin, "The Protestant Ethic, Level of Aspiration, and Social Mobility: An Empirical Test," American Sociological Review, XXI (1956), 295-300.
Analysis on Epidemiology of Varicella in 2006～2009 in Beijing Shunyi District

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics and trends of varicella in Beijing Shunyi district,so as to provide scientific evidences for formulating the prevention and control strategies for varicella.Methods The methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the surveillance data on varicella from 2006 to 2009 in Beijing Shunyi district.Results A total of 3 346 cases of varicella were reported during the period,among them there were 760 cases in 2006,745 cases in 2007,948 cases in 2008 and 893 cases in 2009.The incidence rate of varicella was 100.00/100 000 in 2006,95.88/100 000 in 2007,122.00/100 000 in 2008 and 114.92/100 000 in 2009.Distribution of varicella cases were mainly in Shunyi's urban district where the population density is high.The male and female ratio of varicella patients was 1.27∶1.Almost all the outbreaks of varicella happened in kindergarten and primary and secondary schools.There was a significant seasonal change that winter and spring are the two seasonal peaks of varicella.Meanwhile,there were 6 sudden epidemics of varicella and 23 outbreaks of it,which accounted for more than 70% of all the outbreaks and sudden epidemics in Shunyi district.Conclusion Varicella vaccine has been incorporated into national immunization program in the premise of the effective varicella vaccine;great importance has been attached to varicella in school and other crowded places;It is important to increase publicity to improve people's awareness of knowledge about varicella.
Genomic analysis of Ugandan and Rwandan chicken ecotypes using a 600 k genotyping array

Indigenous populations of animals have developed unique adaptations to their local environments, which may include factors such as response to thermal stress, drought, pathogens and suboptimal nutrition. The survival and subsequent evolution within these local environments can be the result of both natural and artificial selection driving the acquisition of favorable traits, which over time leave genomic signatures in a population. This study’s goals are to characterize genomic diversity and identify selection signatures in chickens from equatorial Africa to identify genomic regions that may confer adaptive advantages of these ecotypes to their environments. Indigenous chickens from Uganda (n = 72) and Rwanda (n = 100), plus Kuroilers (n = 24, an Indian breed imported to Africa), were genotyped using the Axiom® 600 k Chicken Genotyping Array. Indigenous ecotypes were defined based upon location of sampling within Africa. The results revealed the presence of admixture among the Ugandan, Rwandan, and Kuroiler populations. Genes within runs of homozygosity consensus regions are linked to gene ontology (GO) terms related to lipid metabolism, immune functions and stress-mediated responses (FDR < 0.15). The genes within regions of signatures of selection are enriched for GO terms related to health and oxidative stress processes. Key genes in these regions had anti-oxidant, apoptosis, and inflammation functions. The study suggests that these populations have alleles under selective pressure from their environment, which may aid in adaptation to harsh environments. The correspondence in gene ontology terms connected to stress-mediated processes across the populations could be related to the similarity of environments or an artifact of the detected admixture.
A Declaratory Model of Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) for Estimating Sleep Apnea Index in the Elderly Suffering from Sleep Disturbance

Objective : The main objective of this paper is to present a novel model for classifying senior patients into different apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) categories based on their clinical variables. Methods and Materials : The proposed model is a generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Three important variables were first selected from the original 30 clinical variables. The GRNN was trained using 75 patients that were randomly selected from the total117 patients. The remaining 42 patients were used for testing GRNN model. The design parameter of the network, i.e., the spread of the radial basis function, was empirically optimized. To alleviate the model complexity, the original AHI values were dichotomized into two different groups, i.e., AHI>13 and AHI<=13. The use of GRNN for this application appear fairly novel, notwithstanding that there is a host of literatures on predicting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome from demographic or other easy means to assess clinical variables. Results : The proposed model has sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 50.0%, respectively, for the training cases, while 88.0% and 52.9%, respectively, for the testing cases. Conclusion : The proposed neural network model has outperformed existing classification approaches in terms of classification accuracy and generalization, thus it can be potentially used in clinical applications, which would lead to a reduction of the necessity of in-laboratory nocturnal sleep studies.
The new frontier of diagnostics: Molecular assays and their role in infection prevention and control

Recent advances in technology over the last decade have propelled the microbiology laboratory into a pivotal role in infection prevention and control. The rapid adaptation of molecular technologies to the field of clinical microbiology now greatly influences infectious disease management and significantly impacts infection control practices. This review discusses recent developments in molecular techniques in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. It describes the basic concepts of molecular assays, discusses their advantages and limitations, and characterizes currently available commercial assays with respect to cost, interpretive requirements, and clinical utility.
Structural Disruption, Relational Experimentation, and Performance in Professional Hockey Teams: A Network Perspective on Member Change

This paper explores how action teams reorganize their interdependent relationships following the exit of a key team member. To do so, I adopt a network perspective to conceptualize interaction patterns as a network, first to identify members who are central to the team's workflow, and second to assess changes in tie formation as teams experiment with their relational structure following member exit. Using data on professional hockey teams-where unexpected member change due to injury is frequent, but highly interdependent teams nonetheless carry out complex, time-sensitive work-results indicate that the injury of central players negatively affects team performance, even when controlling for individual performance. Teams adapted to central exits by maintaining their existing interaction patterns, even though higher levels of relational experimentation following an injury were positively associated with performance. By considering changes in ties within a team, a network approach focuses on the relationships that are disrupted by compositional change and provides a more flexible way of thinking about adaptation and reorganization beyond a team's formal structure.
Hydrogel swelling behavior and its biomedical applications

Abstract: The ability of hydrogels to respond to relatively small changes in stimuli with relatively large changes in volume allows a wide variety of applications. This chapter addresses hydrogels with regard to the chemical identity of hydrophilic polymers and copolymers, polymer synthesis, the degree of crosslinking and hydrogel porosity, and bulk geometry of hydrogels in the form of matrix, membrane and erodible systems. The relationships between these features and hydrogel swelling behavior upon stimulation are also described. Finally, various exploitations of hydrogel swelling behavior in developing highly sensitive, real-time biosensors are discussed.
Affect Dynamics in Military Trainees Using vMedic: From Engaged Concentration to Boredom to Confusion

The role of affect in learning has received increasing attention from AIED researchers seeking to understand how emotion and cognition interact in learning contexts. The dynamics of affect over time have been explored in a variety of research environments, allowing researchers to determine the extent to which common patterns are captured by hypothesized models. This paper present an analysis of affect dynamics among learners using vMedic, which teaches combat medicine protocols as part of the military training at West Point, the United States Military Academy. In doing so, we seek both to broaden the variety of learning contexts being explored in order better understand differences in these patterns and to test the theoretical predictions on the development of affect over time.
Validation and uncertainty quantification of detector response functions for a 1″×2″ NaI collimated detector intended for inverse radioisotope source mapping applications

Abstract Detector response functions (DRFs) are often used for inverse analysis. We compute the DRF of a sodium iodide (NaI) nuclear material holdup field detector using the code named g03 developed by the Center for Engineering Applications of Radioisotopes (CEAR) at NC State University. Three measurement campaigns were performed in order to validate the DRF’s constructed by g03: on-axis detection of calibration sources, off-axis measurements of a highly enriched uranium (HEU) disk, and on-axis measurements of the HEU disk with steel plates inserted between the source and the detector to provide attenuation. Furthermore, this work quantifies the uncertainty of the Monte Carlo simulations used in and with g03, as well as the uncertainties associated with each semi-empirical model employed in the full DRF representation. Overall, for the calibration source measurements, the response computed by the DRF for the prediction of the full-energy peak region of responses was good, i.e. within two standard deviations of the experimental response. In contrast, the DRF tended to overestimate the Compton continuum by about 45–65% due to inadequate tuning of the electron range multiplier fit variable that empirically represents physics associated with electron transport that is not modeled explicitly in g03. For the HEU disk measurements, computed DRF responses tended to significantly underestimate (more than 20%) the secondary full-energy peaks (any peak of lower energy than the highest-energy peak computed) due to scattering in the detector collimator and aluminum can, which is not included in the g03 model. We ran a sufficiently large number of histories to ensure for all of the Monte Carlo simulations that the statistical uncertainties were lower than their experimental counterpart’s Poisson uncertainties. The uncertainties associated with least-squares fits to the experimental data tended to have parameter relative standard deviations lower than the peak channel relative standard deviation in most cases and good reduced chi-square values. The highest sources of uncertainty were identified as the energy calibration polynomial factor (due to limited source availability and NaI resolution) and the Ba-133 peak fit (only a very weak source was available), which were 20% and 10%, respectively.
The Invention of Europe and the Intellectual Struggle for Political Imagination: Spanish Humanism on the Ottomans

This article explores how the geopolitical juncture marked by the siege of Vienna (1529) ignites a contradictory conceptualization of Europe (as a territorial, linguistic, historical, cultural, genealogical and religious union) in two ideologically polarized treatises addressed to Charles the Fifth. Exhortation to the War Against the Turks (Bologna, 1529), by Juan Gines de Sepulveda, justifies religious war, encourages the emperor to fight for the faith and to conquer and colonize the Levant for the exploitation of its resources, following the model of Spanish enterprises in the New World. The second, Concord and Discord in the Human Race (Antwerp, 1529), by Juan Luis Vives, is a pacifist essay that emphasizes the incompatibility between human nature and imperialism, calling for an immediate ceasefire and criticizing the demonization of Islam as a political instrument.
Synthesis of lipase polymer hybrids with retained or enhanced activity using the grafting-from strategy

Abstract We report the synthesis of new polymer-protein conjugates using a grafting-from method employing photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. Lipase, an industrially important enzyme, was modified with a reversible addition-fragmentation (RAFT) chain transfer agent (CTA) using activated ester chemistry. To study the effects of polymer composition and molecular weight on the enzyme activity, a hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer were grafted at three different polymer lengths. We found a significant impact of polymer composition on enzyme activity with hydrophobic polymer substantially increasing enzyme activity.
Community Engagement and HIV Prevention with American Indian/Alaska Native Communities: Working with the Whole Person

Although HIV/AIDS was not initially identified as a major public health challenge in Indian Country and among urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, today it disproportionately affects this population. Using a postcolonial perspective, we review the state of HIV prevention knowledge generated by and in partnership with AI/AN communities. We also provide specific recommendations for the development, implementation, and evaluation of successful HIV prevention interventions and programs, through authentic community engagement and partnership, as we move forward in the next phase of the epidemic.
Four LTE uplink scheduling algorithms performance metrics: Delay, throughput, and fairness tradeoff

Long-Term Evolution (LTE), as a 4G packet-switched wireless network, is designed to provide up to tenfold of the 3GPP speeds, and to improve network performance, latency, capacity, mobility, and flexibility. However, this design made the resource allocation a complex task in LTE. In particular, uplink scheduling in LTE is one of the main functionality challenge to enhance the throughputs at the User Equipment (UE), and at the cell. In this paper, evaluation and comparison between the performances of four LTE uplink scheduling algorithms (Round Robin (RR), Maximum Throughput (MT), Proportional Fairness (PF), and Three-Levels Hierarchical Algorithm (3LHA)) to allocate radio resources efficiently, in terms of delay, throughput, and fairness, is introduced. MATLAB simulation is used to evaluate the network performance while varying a network realistic traffic and parameters (Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of UEs, etc.). The performance matrix of each scheduling algorithm were obtained by assigning each of the UEs the same number of Resource Blocks (100 RBs), and three types of realistic traffic (best-effort (BE), video, and voice (VoIP)). Results show a clear trade-off between the throughput and the service delay, and between the throughput and fairness.
Factors of Influence in Co-located Multimodal Interactions

Most work on multimodal interaction in the human computer interaction (HCI) space has focused on enabling a user to use one or more modalities in combination to interact with a system. However, there is still a long way to go towards making human-to-machine communication as rich and intuitive as human-to-human communication. In human-to-human communication, modalities are used individually, simultaneously, interchangeably or in combination. The choice of modalities is dependent on a variety of factors including the context of conversation, social distance, physical proximity, duration, etc. We believe such intuitive multimodal communication is the direction in which human-to-machine interaction is headed in the future. In this paper, we present the insights we have from studying current human-machine interaction methods. We carried out an ethnographic study to observe and study users in their homes as they interacted with media and media devices, by themselves and in small groups. One of the key learning we have from this study is the understanding of the impact of the user’s context on the choice of interaction modalities. The user context factors that influence the choice of interaction modalities include, but are not limited to: the distance of the user from the device/media, the user’s body posture during the media interaction, the user’s involvement level with the media, seating patterns (cluster) of the co-located participants, the roles that each participant plays, the notion of control among the participants, duration of the activity and so on. We believe that the insights from this study can inform the design of the next generation multimodal interfaces that are sensitive to user context, perform a robust interpretation of the interaction inputs and support more human-like multimodal interaction.
Spiele und lineare Programme

Gale bemerkt [1960-1 auf Seite 216]: „Eines der auffalligsten Ereignisse im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufkommen der modernen linearen Theorie von Wirtschaftsmodellen war die gleichzeitige, aber unabhangige Entwicklung der linearen Programmierung auf der einen Seite und der Spieltheorie auf der anderen Seite sowie die schliesliche Erkenntnis, das ein sehr enger Zusammenhang zwischen diesen zwei Gebieten besteht.“
The paralyzing effect of insurance status on throughput of acute spinal cord patients.

Abstract Objective To determine whether lack of insurance is a predictor of poor outcomes and increased healthcare expenditure for SCI patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study of trauma patients admitted with an acute, severe (AIS ≥ 3) SCI and admission score of ASIA-A to a Level 1 trauma center (2012–2016). Patient characteristics and outcomes (LOS, complications) were compared between insured and uninsured patients. Multivariable adjustment was performed using linear regression. Results Of 76 patients who met eligibility, 44 had insurance and 32 were uninsured (NOINSUR). Despite having similar ventilator days (13 vs. 12.1) and ICU LOS (20.1 vs. 16.8), the NOINSUR group had more ventilator-free days (22.3 vs 6.6; p Conclusion Uninsured SCI patients face longer hospital LOS due to their insurance status and lack of funding for timely rehabilitation placement. This utilizes valuable hospital resources and puts them at risk for hospital related complications and further increased healthcare expenditures.
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Depression, Antisocial Behavior, Alcohol Use, and Gambling during Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adults show higher prevalence of harmful risk behaviors, such as alcohol use and gambling, compared to other age groups. In existing research, it appears that patterns of risk behaviors vary by gender during emerging adulthood. However, scarce research has examined gender differences in prospective relations among risk behaviors in emerging adults. This study explores gender differences in the developmental risks of depression, antisocial behavior, and alcohol use (Wave III) on gambling (Waves III and IV) in emerging adulthood in a sample of emerging adults (N = 8282) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Results showed that antisocial behavior was associated with increased risk of alcohol use. Heavy drinking in early emerging adulthood was associated with increased risk of gambling later, but depression was marginally protective of gambling. Among men, contemporaneous associations between alcohol use and heavy drinking were stronger than among women. Among women, earlier binge drinking conferred increased risk of later gambling problems, but in men negative relationships between the two were found. The results highlight the importance of ongoing efforts in early prevention and intervention for the co-occurrence of risk behaviors in emerging adulthood.
Topics and emotions in Russian Twitter propaganda

The increasing importance of social media to political communication means the study of government-sponsored social media activity deserves further exploration. In particular, text-as-data techniques like topic models and emotional lexicons provide potential for new types of content analysis of large collections of government-backed social media discourse. Applying text-as-data methods to a corpus of Russian-sponsored Twitter data generated before, during and after the 2016 U.S. presidential election shows tweets containing a diverse set of policy-related topics as well as levels of angry and fearful emotional language that peaks in close association to the election. Text-as-data techniques show Russian sponsored tweets mentioned candidate Clinton overwhelmingly negatively and referenced candidate Trump in a positive but less consistent manner. The tweets contained large minorities of apolitical topics, and also saw higher levels of conservative hashtags than progressive ones. Topics within the tweet data show a contradictory set of topics on all “sides” of the political spectrum alongside increases in fearful and angry language in temporal association with the U.S. election. The findings of this inquiry provide evidence that the tweets were sent to heighten existing tensions through topically heterogeneous propaganda. They also caution against an overly black and white interpretation of Russian disinformation efforts online.
Automated Particle Picking in Cryo-Electron Micrographs using Deep Regression

Selection of good particles in cryo-electron micrographs is an important step in the reconstruction of high resolution 3D structures. In this study, we constructed a deep learning-based method to automatically detect particle centers from micrographs. This is a challenging task because of the low signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM micrographs, and the size, shape, and grayscale-level differences of particles. We proposed a Fully Convolutional Regression Network (FCRN) that maps the particle image to a continuous distance map that acts like a probability density function of particle centers. This approach is simple, but very effective in recognizing different grayscale patterns corresponding to 2D views of 3D particles. Our experimental results on dataset β-galactosidase (EMPIAR-10017) [1] showed that FCRN outperfomed Faster-RCNN, Apple picker, and RELION’s particle picker. Compared to the ground truth of this dataset, FCRN achieved better picking performance, and 3D structure of those picked particles also had higher resolution.
MeToo and the Problematic Valor of Truth: Sexual Violence, Consent, and Ambivalence in Public Pedagogy

In this paper, the authors consider the #MeToo movement as an act of public pedagogy. They read #MeToo as an example of a public curriculum that speaks back to, and simultaneously participates in, the posttruth era associated with the Trump presidency. What are the public pedagogical and curricular implications of this outcry against sexual assault and harassment? What about understanding education’s complicated relationships with truth and consent? Using the Time Magazine article, The Silence Breakers , and the curriculum documents organized under the hashtag #MeTooK12, Clarke-Vivier and Stearns explore the relationship between public conversations about sexual violence and notions of truth, consent, and education.
The Politics of Vernacular Activism: Hmong Americans Organizing for Social Justice in Minnesota

ABSTRACTIn 2012, queer Hmong Americans in Minnesota organized to defeat a state-wide ballot initiative that sought to constitutionally amended the definition of marriage in Minnesota to being a uni...
Dual Roles, Dual Voices: Analyzing Vocal Function in Hamilton: An American Musical through the Estill Voice Model™

In Hamilton: An American Musical, four actors play the following dual roles: Peggy Schuyler/Maria Reynolds, Marquis de Lafayette/Thomas Jefferson, Hercules Mulligan/James Madison, and John Laurens/...
A Pilot Study Evaluation of a Parent Group for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses significant health consequences to individuals, families, and society. For women, IPV can negatively influence their individual well-being, parenting, and the parent-child relationship. Researchers have identified a need for IPV interventions to focus on open communication, healthy relationships, creating social support, seeking resources, and developing strategies for both mothers and children to manage and cope with their emotions. The purpose of this mixed methods pilot study was to evaluate a 12-week parent group designed to educate mothers about their children’s experience with IPV and to support them through the healing process. Data were gathered from 15 women who completed the group and answered the baseline, midpoint, and endpoint surveys (11 participated in a three-month follow-up survey and interview). Standardized scales were used to measure women’s self-reports of their mental health and parenting. Open-ended questions were nested within the survey to assess women’s perceptions of the parent-child relationship, parenting satisfaction and competence, and attitudes about parenting. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at each time point. Women reported improvement in their parenting satisfaction over time; however, no other well-being and parenting measures indicated statistically significant change. The qualitative results revealed the positive impact of group participation on communication, awareness/understanding, and solidarity/strength. The findings reinforce the need to cultivate and strengthen the parent-child relationship as families heal from violence. Researchers should continue to evaluate therapeutic programs and identify components of programs that support the parent-child relationship.
Framework for Automated Generation of Constructible Steel Erection Sequences Using Structural Information of Static Indeterminacy Variation in BIM

For effective pre-construction process, engineers create a 4D building information model (BIM). However, the rich information associated with the creation of the 4D BIM leads to manual effort. Past studies explored methods that automatically generate construction schedules using 3D building models. However, no method properly utilized relationships between building elements to robustly generate 4D BIMs that are structural stable during installation. This research presents an approach to the automated generation of structurally stable construction sequences using a 3D BIM. Focusing on steel erection, we create a framework integrating a 3D BIM and algorithms to create a 4D BIM with detailed steel erection sequences of individual elements. This research explores an approach to a variation of static indeterminacy for each installation process of steel elements. The principle of this approach is based on the relationships among the nodes and the connections among steel elements, information about which is available to those involved in the project. For validation, we test a prototype software program using a BIM for a real-world construction project. The results indicate that the prototype utilizing the static indeterminacy variation could generate a large number of random sequences and successfully transforms them into stable sequences. This study establishes the foundational step of generating constructible sequences using structural information in BIM which is found to be more robust than previous approaches, and results of this study can lead to follow up studies for full automation such as automated analysis and optimization of the sequences.
Considerations, possible contraindications, and potential mechanisms for deleterious effect in recreational and athletic use of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in lieu of anabolic androgenic steroids: A narrative review

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are testosterone and testosterone-derivative compounds sporadically employed by athletes and increasingly used recreationally to acquire a competitive edge or improve body composition. Nevertheless, users are subject to undesired side effects majorly associated with tissue-specific androgen receptor (AR) binding-mediated actions. More recently, selective AR modulators (SARMs) have gained popularity towards delivering androgen-associated anabolic actions with hopes of minimal androgenic effects. While several SARMs are in preclinical and clinical phases intended for demographics subject to hypogonadism, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis, several athletic organizations and drug testing affiliates have realized the increasingly widespread use of SARMs amongst competitors and have subsequently banned their use. Furthermore, recreational users are haphazardly acquiring these compounds from the internet and consuming doses several times greater than empirically reported. Unfortunately, online sources are rife with potential contamination, despite a prevailing public opinion suggesting SARMs are innocuous AAS alternatives. Considering each agent has a broad range of supporting evidence in both human and non-human models, it is important to comprehensively evaluate the current literature on commercially available SARMs to gain better understanding of their efficacy and if they can truly be considered a safer AAS alternative. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the current evidence regarding AAS and SARM mechanisms of action, demonstrate the efficacy of several prominent SARMs in a variety of scientific trials, and theorize on the wide-ranging contraindications and potential deleterious effects, as well as potential future directions regarding acute and chronic SARM use across a broad range of demographics.
Cultivating Clinical Experience: Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Pharmacy Education

The scope of health professions is widening at an exponential rate. As such, training in these fields must adapt quickly. Pharmacy is one of the fields in the healthcare sector that needs to change to meet the needs of the industry. Currently, pharmacy schools utilize Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences (IPPEs) and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) to teach clinical skills to their students. Schools also utilize simulations and offer elective post-graduate residencies to give their students more hands-on experience. Simulations are becoming more prevalent in the field of education. Whether they are physical or virtual simulations, studies have shown that they are equally beneficial to students. Furthermore, a blended learning model of combining simulations with other modes of learning has shown to be more effective than utilizing simulations alone. Due to the expanding scope of the pharmacy profession, residencies are expanding in time and content. Some educators suggest that residencies should be extended from two years to three years to teach leadership skills, while others believe APPEs should have more rigid accreditation criteria. There has been some research done as to which methods of teaching allow students to learn most effectively. This paper explores such findings.
Development of an assessment measure for sexual disinhibition in dementia.

Objective Sexual disinhibition (SD), a neuropsychiatric symptom characterized by sexually inappropriate comments and/or behaviors, remains under identified in dementia, possibly due to a lack of standardized assessment methods. A recent systematic review of measures used to assess SD proposed four behavioral domains and identified the need for a population-specific measure. The present study addressed this by examining the underlying factor structure of SD to create a new caregiver-report measure. Methods Dementia caregivers (n = 622) recruited online were randomly assigned to Initial Validation (n = 311) or Cross-Validation (n = 311) groups. Results Initial Validation revealed five behavioral domains that served as provisional scales for cross-validation, leading to measure development. Conclusions The current study is the first to statistically evaluate the underlying factor structure of SD, resulting in a new measure that can help better characterize and identify SD.