cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cryogen Spray Cooling With Thin-Film Thermocouple

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) has been used effectively to protect the epidermis during laser dermatologic surgery. However, the temperature reduction in human skin induced by CSC has not been reliably determined due to the short cooling period and significant temperature gradient in the skin. Therefore, CSC has not been optimized for different laser dermatologic surgery procedures. Although it would be desirable to measure in situ human skin temperature, embedding a sensor within 100 μm beneath the skin surface is not feasible. In addition, infrared skin temperature measurement is also not workable because the skin is covered with a cryogen layer of unknown thickness. In this study, we selected an epoxy which has similar thermal properties to that of human skin as our cooling target. Thin-film thermocouples (TFTC) were deposited directly onto the epoxy substrate using micro-fabrication techniques to minimize the thermal contact resistance between TFTC and the substrate. The negligible mass of TFTC also creates a minimal disturbance to heat flow across the surface. Due to the difference in thermoelectric property between thin film and leading wire, special sensor design and calibration procedures were developed. TFTC were calibrated from −46 to 50°C. The thermoelectric sensitivity is around 50–60% of that of bulk material. Skin phantom temperature reductions produced by a commercial medical laser nozzle at different spray durations were measured using the TFTC. The results not only help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in interaction between cryogen spray and human skin but also provide a thermal boundary condition for numerical modeling of laser dermatologic surgery.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isoforms in Drosophila

Six protein kinase C (PKC) genes are present in Drosophila, comprising two classical PKCs (PKC53E and eye-PKC), two novel PKCs (PKC98E and PKCdelta), an atypical PKC (DaPKC), and a PKC-related kinase. Loss of function alleles affecting DaPKC and eye-PKC are available and their mutant phenotypes have been characterized. DaPKC is essential for early embryonic development because it regulates cell polarity and asymmetric cell division. Eye-PKC plays a role in the regulation of visual signaling, a G-protein coupled phospholipase Cbeta-mediated cascade. Both eye-PKC and DaPKC are differentially localized through tethering to multimolecular complexes. DaPKC interacts with partitioning-defective 3 (Par-3) and Par-6 proteins, which contain PDZ (PSD95, DLG, ZO-1) domains. Similarly, eye-PKC is anchored to a PDZ domain containing scaffolding protein INAD. Characterization of these two PKCs in Drosophila revealed a universal mechanism by which PKC is tethered to specific protein complexes for participation in distinct signal transduction processes.
The effects of convulsant doses of penicillin on primary afferents, dorsal root ganglion cells, and on ‘presynaptic’ inhibition in the spinal cord

Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats, isolated in vitro. The depolarization of DRG cells caused by the application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) diminished reversibly when penicillin (0.08--2.0 mM) was added to the bathing fluid. The decrease of the input resistance of DRG cells measured during GABA perfusion was also depressed in the presence of penicillin, but no evidence of a shift of the reversal potential of the GABA-induced depolarization was found. Nor did penicillin (up to 10 mM) cause a change in the voltage-current function, in electrical excitability, in the inclination to repetitive firing, bursting discharge, or after discharge. In decapitate cat preparation the amplitude of the negative dorsal root potential (DRP or DR V) diminished by 0--50% after the i.v. administration of 0.5--1.0 X 10(6) I.U./kg (the convulsant dose) of penicillin. Post-tetanic depression of the DRP was aggravated by penicillin. The degree of depression of the DRP bore no relationship to the promptness of the eruption, and to the intensity, of the seizure activity induced by penicillin. The rates of rise and fall of the negative DRP (DR V) were consistently slowed, the positive DRP (DR VI) reduced, and the dorsal root reflex (DRR) blocked by penicillin. Inhibitory reflex effects presumed to be presynaptic were either enhanced or unchanged, never depressed by penicillin. This was seen when inhibitory function was gauged by monosynaptic reflex amplitude, and also from the inhibition of ventral root electrotonic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (VP EPSPs). Possible explanations of these seemingly paradoxical findings are discussed, with arguments in favor and against each.
High frequency high efficiency bidirectional dc-dc converter module design for 10 kVA solid state transformer

This paper presents the development of modular dual-half-bridge (MDHB) bidirectional dc-dc converter as the dc-dc stage of 10 kVA single phase solid state transformer (SST) for future renewable electric energy distribution and intelligent power management systems. The dc-dc converter, connected to 12 kV DC bus generated by an ac-dc rectifier interfacing with 7.2 kV electric utility grid, is to provide galvanic isolation function as well as 400 V DC bus for DC loads. The dc-dc converter consists of multiple low-voltage modules connected in input-series and output-parallel mode so that low-voltage commercial silicon MOSFETs, which usually have low conduction losses and high switching speed, can be adopted. Besides bidirectional power flow capability, the phase-shift dual-half-bridge (DHB) can realize zero-voltage-switching for all the switching devices without auxiliary switch devices, which enables the high switching frequency operation with low switching losses. As a result, high efficiency and high power density can be achieved. Other advantages of DHB topology have also been investigated for this application. A planar transformer adopting printed-circuit-board (PCB) winding is designed to realize high voltage solid isolation and identical parameters in multiple modules. The power loss of each main component has been analyzed for DHB converter under high frequency operation. Finally, the experimental results of two modules operating at 50 kHz switching frequency are presented with 97% efficiency.
Quantum phase transitions in spin systems and the high temperature limit of continuum quantum eld theories

We study the nite temperature crossovers in the vicinity of a zero temperature quantum phase transition. The universal crossover functions are observables of a continuum quantum eld theory. Particular attention is focussed on the high temperature limit of the continuum eld theory, the socalled \quantum-critical" region. Basic features of crossovers are illustrated by a simple solvable model of dilute spinless fermions, and a partially solvable model of dilute bosons. The low frequency relaxational behavior of the quantum-critical region is displayed in the solution of the transverse-eld Ising model. The insights from these simple models lead to a fairly complete understanding of the system of primary interest: the two-dimensional quantum rotor model, whose phase transition is expected to be in the same universality class as those in antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin models. Recent work on the experimental implications of these results for the cuprate compounds is briey reviewed.
ARCHAEOLOGY, PROPERTY, AND PREHISTORY

▪ Abstract Property determines exclusive rights to things. It is a key theoretical concept in the social sciences and a material reality in human societies. Since the defining work of Lewis Henry Morgan, property has been studied by anthropologists interested in human economies, societies, and social evolution. Cross-cultural studies suggest systematic associations of contrasting property rights with particular characteristics of social institutions and resource developments. From the works of Childe, Adams, and Renfrew, archaeologists have considered property as related to ecological concepts of territoriality and to Marxist concepts of control and alienation. Techniques to study property archaeologically included patterns of labor investment, warfare, settlement distributions, and physical marking. Although each technique is open to alternative interpretations, combining the techniques provides a robust description of property regimes in prehistory.
Non-Diffusive Transport in the Tokamak Edge Pedestal

There are (at least) two classical mechanisms for non-diffusive transport in the edge plasma: (i) particle ‘pinch’ velocities due to forces such as V × B and Er; and (ii) outward drifts due to ion-orbit loss and X-transport. A theoretical development for the treatment of these non-diffusive transport mechanisms within the context of fluid theory is assembled and applied to several DIII-D discharges in order to investigate the importance of these non-diffusive transport mechanisms in the edge pedestal. Several interesting insights emerge from this investigation.
La garra de la paloma: trastorno de Juan Ramón y fray Luis

Cuantos rios y hasta cuantos mares no habran volcado sus aguas en la oceanica obra de Juan Ramon Jimenez ... Podran los estudiosos con repetido empeno intentar el analisis de fuentes, labor asidua e incompleta siempre, porque, como duda Bernardo Gicovate, "todo esfuerzo critico ha de ser, sin duda, parcial y errado en la reflexion de su roto espejo tratando de reproducir enormesmares". Sin embargo, volvemos a los poemas de Juan Ramon con el mismo habito amoroso, y entre los versos se despiertan ecos que no oyeramos otras veces, resonando antiguas sales y nuevas luces.
Biphasic responses of the brachial artery diameter following forearm occlusion: a blunted response in the elderly.

The purpose was to examine the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion in young men. A secondary objective was to compare the main features of the temporal pattern between young and old. Sixteen young (28 ± 8 yrs) and fifteen older (85 ± 8 yrs) men underwent high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery before and after five minutes of forearm occlusion. Following release of the pressure cuff the brachial artery diameter exhibits a temporal biphasic response. Initially, there is a significant reduction in brachial diameter (NIL) compared to baseline (BASE), followed by a rapid increase to a PEAK at 41 sec post release. When comparing the magnitude of the decrease in diameter and the Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (BAFMD) between Young and Old, older subjects demonstrated a blunted response (Magnitude of Decrease: Young: 2.0%; Old: 0.4%, p = 0.015, and BAFMD: Young: 7.7%; Old: 2.3%, p = 0.001). Finally, a significant relationship was noted between the magnitude of decrease and BAFMD (r = -0.44, p = 0.04). Examination of the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion reveals a biphasic pattern in all participants. Specific features of this pattern are blunted in older adults compared with younger subjects. Finally, the magnitude of the drop in diameter following forearm occlusion correlates with the magnitude of the BAFMD.
Community collaboration improves blood pressure control by 13.5% in a medium-sized metropolitan area

The purpose of this study was to compare CPP (a surrogate for aortic elasticity) in a population of 59 obese pts whose BMI was >30kg/sqm. These pts were divided into hypertensive obese (HTNO) 35 pts and normotensive obese (NTO) 24 pts. Both groups were also divided according to age to the following groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and over 60 years of age. We also compared both groups, to a group of 100 volunteers (Control group, CTRL) that were normotensive and nonobese. CPP was determined using the Sphygmocor System. The mean CPP for HTNO pts was 48.8 15 mmHg. Mean CPP for NTO pts was 45.5 13 mmHg. Mean CPP for CTRL pts was 44.0 7.7 mmHg. The mean CPP difference between HTNO pts and CTRL pts was significant with a p 1⁄4 0.03; the mean CPP difference between NTO pts and CTRL pts was nonsignificant with a p 1⁄4 0.198. These results are shown graphically in figure #1. We conclude that even in a small population of HTNO and NTO pts, CPP was able to show a significant difference between HTNO compared to CTRL. This finding may suggest that hypertensive obese pts may have a higher vascular risk than NTO because of impaired aortic elasticity. Our preliminary finding should be confirmed by studying a larger population of obese pts and including pulse wave velocity.
Athletic trainers' barriers to maintaining professional commitment in the collegiate setting.

Context: Professional commitment simply describes one's obligation to his or her work. For athletic trainers (ATs), the demanding work environment and job expectations may affect their characteriza...
Is Frequency of Shared Family Meals Related to the Nutritional Health of Children and Adolescents

OBJECTIVE: We used meta-analytic methods to examine the frequency of shared family mealtimes in relation to nutritional health in children and adolescents. The primary objective was to determine consistency and strength of effects across 17 studies that examined overweight and obese, food consumption and eating patterns, and disordered eating. METHODS: The total sample size for all studies was 182 836 children and adolescents (mean sample age: 2.8–17.3 years). Pooled odds ratios were calculated. A random-effects model was used to estimate all outcomes. RESULTS: The frequency of shared family meals is significantly related to nutritional health in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents who share family meals 3 or more times per week are more likely to be in a normal weight range and have healthier dietary and eating patterns than those who share fewer than 3 family meals together. In addition, they are less likely to engage in disordered eating. CONCLUSIONS: Educational and public health initiatives aimed at promoting shared family mealtimes may improve nutritional health of children and adolescents. Clinicians may advise their patients about the benefits of sharing 3 or more family mealtimes per week; benefits include a reduction in the odds for overweight (12%), eating unhealthy foods (20%), and disordered eating (35%) and an increase in the odds for eating healthy foods (24%).
Genetic polymorphisms and obesity influence estradiol decline during the menopause

OBJECTIVES Obesity and genetic variation in aromatase and type 1 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) could influence the E2 trajectory of decline during the menopause transition. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS E2 trajectories during the menopause transition (phenotype) were identified using 5934 data points acquired annually from 681 women in Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic study of the mid-life. E2 trajectories were related to CYP19 and type I 17-βHSD single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity. RESULTS (log) E2 trajectories began to decline precipitously 2 years before the final menstrual period (FMP). The trajectory of the (log) E2 decline varied with genotypes and obesity. (log) E2 rates of decline were greater in nonobese women than in obese women, P < 0·05. Women with the CYP19rs936306 CT variant had (log) E2 rate of decline that was 54% as rapid as the rate of decline of women with the TT variant, P < 0·05. (log) E2 rate of decline in women with the CYP19rs749292 GG variant was two-thirds the rate of (log) E2 decline in women with the AG variant, P < 0·05. (log) Rates of E2 decline with 17-βHSD SNPs (rs2830, rs592389, and rs615942) varied according to genotype within obesity groups. Within each obesity group, (log) E2 rate of decline was greater in heterozygous variants and much less in homozygotes (P < 0·05). Obese women with selected CYP19 and 17-β HSD gene variants had remarkably different E2 trajectories around the FMP, resulting in different postmenopausal E2 levels. The rate of the E2 decline and the subsequent postmenopausal E2 levels may be relevant to oestrogen-sensitive chronic diseases including cancers.
Assessment of Transition Model and CFD Methodology for Wind Turbine Flows

A detailed evaluation of the predictive capability of a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver with a transition model is performed for wind turbine applications. The performance of the computational methodology is investigated in situations involving attached flow as well as incipient and massive flow separation and compared with experiment. Two-dimensional simulations on wind turbine airfoil sections are seen to qualitatively and quantitatively predict the onset of transition to turbulence and provide significantly improved lift and drag predictions when compared to simulations that assume fully turbulent flow. In three-dimensional wind turbine simulations, detailed validation studies of the integrated loads and sectional pressure coefficient also show definite improvements at wind speeds at which separation is incipient or confined to a small portion of the blade surface. At low wind speeds, for which the flow is mostly attached to the blade surface, and at high wind speeds, for which it is massively separated, the transition model produces similar results to a fully turbulent calculation. Overall, the performance of the transition model highlights the necessity of such models while also pointing out the need for further development.
Education in the wake of healthcare reform: Increasing primary care usage by individuals currently reliant upon emergency departments for care

Background:The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was introduced, in part, to increase access to primary care, which has been shown to provide patients with myriad health benefits.Objective:To increase primary care usage by understanding the beliefs about primary and emergency care most salient to those whose healthcare-seeking practices may be impacted by the ACA.Methods:Community forum and focus group discussions were held with residents of a low-income community who are affected by health disparities, are heavily reliant on emergency care for their medical needs, and whose primary healthcare options should expand under the provisions of the ACA.Results:Explored within a theory of planned behaviour framework, results suggest residents’ attitudes toward primary and emergency care are predicated on beliefs about costs, wait times, and the ability to access care locally.Conclusion:In light of findings about the determinants that drive healthcare-seeking intentions and ultimately behaviours, we recommend educational...
Nanocomposites to Enhance Zt in Thermoelectrics

The concept of using “self-assembled” and “force-engineered” nanostructures to enhance the thermoelectric figure of merit relative to bulk homogeneous and composite materials is presented in general terms. Specific application is made to the Si-Ge system for use in power generation at high temperature. The scientific advantages of the nanocomposite approach for the simultaneous increase in the power factor and decrease of the thermal conductivity are emphasized along with the practical advantages of having bulk samples for property measurements and a straightforward path to scale-up materials synthesis and integration of nanostructured materials into thermoelectric cooling and power generation devices.
Stable C and N isotopic composition of sinking particles and zooplankton over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of zooplankton, suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM), and sinking particles collected using sediment traps were measured for samples obtained from the southeastern Bering Sea middle and outer shelf during 1997 to 1999. The quantity of material collected by the middle shelf sediment trap was greater in both Spring and late Summer-Fall than in summer. The δ 15 N of SPOM, sinking material and zooplankton showed
Communication Quality and Job Satisfaction Among Managerial Nurses The Moderating Influence of Job Involvement

The present study extended prior organizational communication research by testing whether job involvement moderates the relationship between perceived com munication quality and job satisfaction. D...
Defining the effects of age and gender on clinical immune response to cancer vaccination

Meeting abstracts Cancer vaccines have promise as monotherapy or as part of combination immunotherapy regimens. Age and gender implications on immune response to cancer vaccinations have not previously been well described. There is uncertainty about including elderly patients as study participants
Prevalence and Characteristics of Military Malingering

ABSTRACTThe authors' principle objective was determining the prevalence and characteristics of medical malingering in the military. The authors accessed an electronic database used by the Department of Defense to monitor and manage military health care activities worldwide. The authors searched the database from 2006 to 2011 in the Northern Regional Medical Command for all instances where a health care provider, consequent to an outpatient medical visit, diagnosed malingering, factitious disorder with psychological symptoms, or factitious disorder with physical symptoms. During the time period studied, the Northern Regional Medical Command reported 28,065,568 health care visits. During the same time period, clinicians diagnosed 1,074 individuals with malingering, factitious disorder with predominantly psychological signs and symptoms, or factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms. The typical subject diagnosed with one of these disorders was young, male, nonmarried, and enlisted. A...
Effect of photonic density of states on spin-flip induced fluorescence contrast in diamond nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (Presentation Recording)

Diamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising solid state defects for applications in quantum information technologies. On the one hand, there is a growing interest in enhancing their single-photon emission by coupling them to plasmonic structures. On the other hand, the dependence of emission intensity on the electron spin state enables room temperature quantum information readout. We study the fluorescence contrast resulting from the spin resonance in the conditions of an increased photonic density of states. Fluorescence observations from NV center ensembles in diamond nanocrystals coupled to structures supporting plasmonic modes experimentally confirm the analytical results.
Diagnosis and Repair of Large Memories: A Critical Review and Recent Results

As semiconductor device sizes continue to scale down, the size of random access memory (RAM) quadruples every two or three years. Dense RAM chips are susceptible to manufacturing defects with the result that the manufacturing yield may become unacceptably low. Due to the regular array structure of RAMs, one important method of increasing yield is through design for restructuring, which adds on-chip redundancy to replace faulty memory cells [1]. The most popular approach is to add spare rows and columns of bit-cells. Each spare row and column may have a dedicated programmable decoder, which can activate the spare row or column and disable the row decoder or column multiplexer of the bit-cell array. In this way any faulty memory cell can be replaced either by a spare row or by a spare column. An alternative implementation is one in which each row or column can be disconnected from the decoder or multiplexer by electrical or laser fuses [1]. The repair of a RAM chip with redundancy can be divided into two phases: a diagnosis phase to detect and locate all faulty cells and a repair phase to allocate spares for all faulty cells.
Utility of FDG-PET imaging in predicting the aggressiveness and histopathology of lymphoma

19507 Background: F(18)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18) F-FDG PET) is widely used in the staging and restaging of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin’s Disease (HD). The ...
Counter-Revolutions in the Name of Emancipation: The Regressive Character of Race and Gender Progress

Despite emancipatory ideals introduced by Enlightenment intellectuals, social progress has entailed a regressive character. Deprivation and marginalization continue to reflect the status quo despite the extension of formal universal rights to most everyone in the U.S. Our intent is to synthesize an often compartmentalized literary body on class, race, and gender and illuminate the independent and interlocking nature of these inequalities. Our argument is divided into two sections. We first highlight distinct realities of class, race, and gender conflict by raising questions of race and gender left unanswered by some Marxists. Then we analyze the regressive character of race and gender progress under a capitalist system built upon an Enlightened ethos. Our analysis reveals that historically, racial and gender struggles have been left to defend the mere human dignity of people of color and women alike, while undergirding issues of the political economy remain unaddressed and material interests of the elite preserved. To this end, contemporary abstractions of liberty, freedom, and justice do not serve emancipatory interests but implicitly endorse domination in the name of liberation. We conclude with a defense of Enlightenment despite this inversion. Such ideals have never been fully realized, but this does not mean they could not be.
Requests for non-disclosure of poor prognoses to patients

For patients who are given information about a life-limiting diagnosis and poor prognosis, it can be very distressing to hear words such as ‘terminal’ and ‘end of life’. These words are also upsetting for patients’ family members/loved ones. In some instances, the family or surrogate decision-makers may ask that health professionals withhold the prognosis and distressing terminology by requesting non-disclosure of this health information to their loved one. These types of situations can be stressful to the healthcare professional and ethically problematic. Healthcare professionals may feel torn between doing what they perceive as being in the best interests of the patient and complying with the family’s request for non-disclosure. This article explores the distress that being told about terminal prognoses causes patients and family members/loved ones and highlights some of the reasons for families requesting non-disclosure of terminal diagnosis. Cultural considerations for such requests, effects of non-disclosure on patients and ways in which to resolve the conflict are also discussed. Conflicts of interest: none
Effects of Cortisone and Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone on Wound Healing in Normal and Scorbutic Guinea Pigs

Summary1. ACTH and Cortisone, in doses sufficient to alter the adrenal glands and depress the level of circulating eosinophils, failed to influence the repair of wounds in normal and in scorbutic guinea pigs. 2. It is suggested, therefore, that the connective tissue of the guinea pig may respond to adrenal hormone, if at all, less readily than that of other species studied. 3. The specificity of the “anti-scorbutic” action of Cortisone and of ACTH is questioned. 4. The adrenal response of scorbutic guinea pigs to ACTH? in the virtual absence of adrenal vit. C, suggests that ascorbic acid is not essential for the secretion of adrenal hormone. 5. The relationship of ascorbic acid to the metabolism of the adrenal cortex remains obscure.
American Moralism, the Good, and Psychoanalysis

ABSTRACTThis brief comment introduces a panel on Abelove’s classic contribution to psychoanalysis. The papers were recruited for the journal following a heated discussion between panelists and audience debating whether their psychoanalytic work could be considered free of ideas of the Good, or Ideology.
Nature of the Transport Adenosine Triphosphatase-Digitalis Complex: XIV. Inotropy and Cardiac Glycoside Interaction with Na+, K+-ATPase of Isolated Cat Papillary Muscles

A mathematical model was developed that allows the use of [3H]ouabain binding to estimate the free and occupied digitalis receptors in crude homogenates from cat right ventricular papillary muscles. Cat papillary muscles were exposed to concentrations of digoxin or ouabain that produced an inotropic effect. The fraction of occupied receptors was estimated using the model. There was a good correlation between the number of receptors occupied and the increase in contractile force achieved. When the inotropic effect was washed out, the number of occupied receptors decreased to control (zero receptors occupied). The results support the concept that the Na+,K+-ATPase-membrane system contains the pharmacological receptor for cardiac glycosides. No significant difference in the number of digitalis receptors in right and left ventricle and left atrium was detected. The density of digitalis receptors estimated per unit surface area and the number of receptors per cell in heart is much greater than estimates of receptor capacity for some other drugs.
Cloneable JVM: a new approach to start isolated java applications faster

Java has been successful particularly for writing applications in the server environment. However, isolation of multiple applications hasnot been efficiently achieved in Java. Many customers require that their applications are guarded by independent OS processes, but starting a Java application with a new process results in a long sequence of initializations being repeated each time. To date, there has been no way to quickly start a new Java application as an isolated OS process. In this paper, we propose a new isolation approach called Cloneable JVM to eliminate this startup overhead in Java. The key idea is to createa new Java application by copying, or cloning, the already-initialized image of the primary JVM process. Since the clone is already initialized, it can begin actual operations immediately as a new isolated process. This cloning abstraction can support new scenarios for Java, such as user isolation and transaction isolation. We implemented a prototype of the Cloneable JVM by modifying a production JVM on Linux, which provides a new API for cloning constructed on the Isolate API defined in JSR 121. Using this cloning API, several Java applications, including a large production J2EE application server, we remodified to demonstrate the isolation scenarios. Evaluations using these prototypes showed that new ready-to-serve Java applications can start up as a new process in less than 5 seconds, which is 4 to 170 times faster than starting these applications from scratch.
Unpacking the data: an analysis of the use of Danielson’s (2007) Framework for Professional Practice in a teaching residency program

This mixed methods study examines one teacher preparation program’s use of Danielson’s 2007 Framework for Professional Practice, with an emphasis on how different stakeholders in the traditional student teaching triad rated student teachers, called residents, and justified their ratings. Data sources include biannual self-assessments of each resident as well as assessments by the residents’ cooperating teachers and university supervisors based on the Framework, including both a numerical score for each of the 22 indicators and a written justification for the highest and lowest scores in each of the four domains. Findings show significant differences in terms of how stakeholders are rating residents’ teaching practice. The variation in scores and rationales raises questions about the reliability and validity of the results of the Framework for use as a tool to evaluate student teachers. Implications for practice include the need to consider multiple and potentially conflicting roles, such as that of providing feedback while also evaluating student teachers. In addition, we consider the costs and benefits of more extensive training around the Framework within teacher preparation, if a lack of expertise with the rubric was the cause for the variation. Finally, we consider implications for student teachers around the different messages they may be receiving about what it means to learn to teach.
Optimal control of regenerative braking for SPM synchronous machines with current feedback

This paper formulates and solves the problem of controlling an SPM synchronous machine, with viscous friction load, such that the electric energy recovered during braking events is maximized. The optimal control law is compatible with the torque-command structure of commercially available power converters that incorporate current feedback loops. When properly tuned, the current feedback imposes a time-scale separation property that leads to order reduction and simplified design of the optimal control law. Simulations and experiments are used to illustrate the main results.
The Perceived Impact of 42 CFR Part 2 on Coordination and Integration of Care: A Qualitative Analysis

Objective:Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 2 (42 CFR Part 2) controls the release of patient information about treatment for substance use disorders. In 2016, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released a proposed rule to update the regulations, reduce provider burdens, and facilitate information exchange. Oregon’s Medicaid program (Oregon Health Plan) altered the financing and structure of medical, dental, and behavioral care to promote greater integration and coordination. A qualitative analysis examined the perceived impact of 42 CFR Part 2 on care coordination and integration.Methods:Interviews with 76 stakeholders (114 interviews) conducted in 2012–2015 probed the processes of integrating behavioral health into primary care settings in Oregon and assessed issues associated with adherence to 42 CFR Part 2.Results:Respondents expressed concerns that the regulations caused legal confusion, inhibited communication and information sharing, and required u...
Targeting Hsp90 Function to Treat Cancer: Much More to Be Learned

Molecular chaperones or so-called heat shock proteins act as central integrators of protein homeostasis within cells. Among the major chaperones, however, Hsp90 is unique because it is not required for the biogenesis of most polypeptides. Instead, it oversees a surprisingly diverse network of conformationally labile client substrates that regulate signaling pathways and gene expression. Many of the processes modulated by Hsp90 are dysregulated in cancer cells including cell cycle control, apoptosis and chromatin re-modeling. Over the past decade, much of the progress achieved in understanding the complex role of Hsp90 in cancer biology has been made possible by the discovery of several natural product antitumor antibiotics that selectively inhibit Hsp90 function. These compounds have the ability to accomplish what most molecularly targeted anticancer therapies do not –the simultaneous disruption of multiple processes critical to tumor cell growth and survival. Now, great enthusiasm exists over the prospect of targeting Hsp90 function to treat cancer. New chemotypes with improved pharmacology are being developed and clinical trials have demonstrated that Hsp90 function can be inhibited in cancer patients without undue acute toxicity. Remarkable progress has been made, but much more remains to be learned if we are to succeed in the challenge of defining safe and effective ways to exploit Hsp90 inhibition in the treatment of patients
Getting Rare-Earth Magnets Out of EV Traction Machines: A review of the many approaches being pursued to minimize or eliminate rare-earth magnets from future EV drivetrains

There are now more than 1.5 million plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) that have been commercially produced in the world during the past 11 years, and it is likely that the number produced during 2016 exceeded 700,000, a new record. A large percentage of those electrified vehicles use ac permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines for the traction machines used in their drivetrains. Even more specifically, nearly all of these PM synchronous machines fall into the class of interior PM (IPM) synchronous machines. The origin of this name becomes apparent by inspecting the cross section of a typical IPM machine in Figure 1 that has been simplified to highlight the key features. This figure shows that the magnets are buried in cavities inside the rotor, and the cavities are carefully shaped, often in V configurations, to concentrate more of the PM magnetic flux into the machine's air gap.
Therapeutic Effects of Medication on ADHD: Implications for School Psychologists

Psychostimulant medications (e.g., Ritalin) are highly effective treatments for the symptomatic management of children with ADHD as they can enhance significantly their attention span, impulse cont...
Precision measurement of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment

We report on a precision measurement of the cross section for the reaction ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the mass range $0.30l{M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}l1.00\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ with the initial state radiation (ISR) method, using $817\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data at ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center-of-mass energies near 3.77 GeV and $586\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data at ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center-of-mass energies near 4.17 GeV, collected with the CLEO-c detector at the CESR ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at Cornell University. The integrated cross sections in the range $0.30l{M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}l1.00\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ for the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are determined with a statistical uncertainty of 0.7% and a systematic uncertainty of 1.6%. The leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment calculated using these measured ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross sections in the range ${M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}=0.30$ to $1.00\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ is calculated to be $(500.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.6(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8.0(\mathrm{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$.
Assessment of Liver Function Before and After Liver Transplantation

Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism and has no physiological function, yet it has been the subject of intense investigation, with millions of dollars being spent yearly by clinicians and scientists [1]. From its structure (Fig.la), one would predict that it was very water-soluble; however, at pH 7.4 its solubility is in the nanogram range. Chemists explain this occurrence as a result of bilirubin forming a “ridge tile” through the diacid state with six intramolecular hydrogen bonds [2, 3]. This renders bilirubin insoluble (Fig.lb). Thus bilirubin is not secreted in urine, but is converted to conjugates within the liver. These appear in bile, mainly as bilirubin diglucuronide with minor components of bilirubin monoglucuronide and a diester containing monoglucuronide and monoglucoside [4, 5].
Hispanic Hospice Patients' Experiences of End-Stage Restlessness.

ABSTRACTEnd-stage restlessness, or terminal agitation, is experienced by some patients during their final days and is characterized by physical, emotional, or spiritual distress, agitation or anxiety. End-stage restlessness negatively affects the patient’s death experience and can be distressing to the family and care team. Using the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care survey, this study examined factors associated with experiencing end-stage restlessness among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic hospice patients deceased at time of discharge. Results showed that being Hispanic/Latino, experiencing dyspnea, pain, and receiving palliative sedation treatment were risk factors for experiencing end-stage restlessness. The association between pain and restlessness was stronger for Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. The Hispanic population remains underrepresented and little is known about the patient-centered experiences of Hispanic hospice users. Findings indicated that dying Hispanic patients continue ...
Phase diversity: math, methods and prospects, including sequential diversity imaging

Phase Diversity (PD) is an unconventional imaging technique which uses two or more distorted views of an object to perform wavefront sensing and/or to clarify the object. In 1990 it was used to remove the flaw in the Hubble Space Telescope. A major advantage of PD is that it needs no auxiliary hardware, like a guide star or a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We review a personal path in the discovery and the use of phase diversity. That path started in 1974 with the removal of raster lines in digital-based satellite images and has led to the real-time removal of aberrations in high-performance, ground-based telescopes, among other applications. PD could be used in cell phones which maintain good image quality by changing the camera's optics. The recorded video and the changes in the camera's optics are the necessary observations needed to improve the video, with software called sequential diversity imaging.
Learning data structures through text adventure games: poster session

Pedagogical research has already established that couching lessons within the use or design of computer games can be an effective method of instruction. Text adventure games are a particularly excellent vehicle for exploring many Data Structures topics. In these games, the interface is console-based and involves a simple input-response cycle that is easy for novice programmers to master. The game's player uses typed commands to move around a series of locales, each of which is described upon entering. There are physical objects in each location that can be inspected, picked up and carried, dropped, and sometimes used in some way. Meeting the requirements of a global objective causes the game to end. Beyond this, student creativity can add layers of plot complexity and puzzles, humor, and originality without requiring advanced programming expertise.
Calibration and image reconstruction techniques dedicated to ultra-high resolution SiliSPECT

2003 Objectives SiliSPECT is a dual-headed, stationary SPECT for mouse brain imaging. Two silicon double-sided strip detectors (DSSDs) are stacked in each camera head to enable dual projection magnification and image reconstruction despite multiplexing of pinhole projections. We previously verified the potential of this synthetic collimation using simulated data. The experimental implementation requires dedicated calibration for stacked detector geometry and should be less sensitive to abrupt changes in the detector response that occur in semiconductor detectors. Methods The calibration phantom consists of a translating/rotating I-125 brachytherapy seed. The calibration parameters consist of the pinhole acquisition geometry for front and back detectors, the phantom position and the axis of rotation, which simulates an orthogonal view of the object. The use of an extended source results in pinhole projections of greater spatial extent than a point source. An algorithm was devised to identify the cluster of pixels comprising a pinhole projection and assign the centroid based on its spatial extent instead of the distribution of counts, reducing sensitivity to noise and variations in detector response. Analytical expressions for the projection centroids of the calibration phantom were used to calculate linear systems and estimate the calibration parameters using the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex. The calibration parameters for front and back detectors are estimated both simultaneously and separately. Results We evaluated the effect of the calibration setup, estimation method and detector non-uniformities on the estimation accuracy using both simulated and experimental data. Conclusions Joint estimation of front and back detectors provides additional constraints on common parameters and resulted in improved convergence. In particular, the front detector benefit from it, since the projection image is acquired at low magnification. Research Support NIH/NIBIB R33 EB000776,US DOE DE-SC000243
A trial of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection.

Background An intervention was designed to test whether the addition of an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection step after terminal cleaning would be helpful in reducing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates in a real-world situation. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental design using 3 units as intervention units for the intervention and 3 similar units as control units. Intervention units 2 hematology and bone marrow transplant units and one medical-surgical unit at a large teaching hospital in the Midwest. UV disinfection was added after patient discharge and terminal cleaning in the intervention units. Results At baseline, CDI rates in the intervention and control arms were similar. During the 6 months of UV disinfection, the CDI rate in the intervention units decreased to 11.2 per 10,000 patient days, compared with 28.7 per 10,000 patient days in the control units (P = .03). In addition, the intervention units also saw a reduction in vancomycin-resistant enterococci acquisition. Conclusions The addition of UV disinfection to the terminal cleaning resulted in a reduction in CDI that has been sustained over several months 2 years.
A Rationally Designed Novel Polymer for Safe and Synergistic Delivery of High Dose Bortezomib, Pomalidomide/Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Introduction. Synergistic delivery of free drugs is highly challenging due to each drug's unique pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles. The standard of care Bortezomib, Pomalidomide/Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone only demonstrates synergy in a specific concentration window. This specific concentration window has been proven difficult to reach using free drugs. Whereas the Bortezomib, Pomalidomide/Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone drug combination is the standard of care for patients, an improved method to deliver drugs more specifically to the tumor in higher concentration and at their synergistic ratios would greatly improve the clinical outcome of Multiple Myeloma patients treatments. Methods and Results. We developed a novel 10 nm biodegradable bottlebrush polymer made of various PEG macromonomers conjugated to clinically used Myeloma drugs, including Bortezomib, Pomalidomide, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone. By combining the different macromonomer-drug conjugates together, we defined the most synergistic drug ratio by using the Chou-Talalay method in MM.1S, and KMS11 cell lines. Before evaluating the efficacy of the combination therapy in-vivo, we determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the Bortezomib bottlebrush alone by monitoring body weight loss, performing HE BMS: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy.