cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Discussion of Common Problems with Using Fire Resistant Shutters in Construction Projects

With the continuous development of city construction,the increasingly high demands for building functions and the emergence of more spacious and multi-functional complex commercial buildings which feature larger construction areas, it is no longer appropriate to adopt fire protection wall to partition the inside of complex commercial buildings.In order to partition the inside of such buildings in a proper way,fire resistance shutters,as an effective substitute,are extensively used in construction projects.However,evidence obtained from supervision of fire prevention and control related to construction projects suggests that fire resistant shutters are found non-standard in terms of type,specification,scope of application,controlling function and the like.The analyzing of the above-mentioned problems is intended to provide aids for construction units and reference for supervision institutions by examining.
Empirical ontologies for cohort identification

The growth of patient data stored in Electronic Medical Records (EMR) has greatly expanded the potential for the evidence-based improvement of clinical practice. The proper re-use of this clinical information, however, does not replace basic research techniques — it augments them. The Text REtrieval Conference 2011 Medical Records Track explored how information retrieval may support clinical research by providing an efficient means to identify cohorts for clinical studies. Mayo Clinic NLP’s submission to the TREC Medical Records track attempts information retrieval at a semantic level, combining two disparate means of computing clinical semantics. Substantial effort has gone into the development of precise semantic specification of concepts in medical ontologies and terminologies[1, ?]. But human clinicians do not generate clinical text by referring to such resources, and ontology creators do not base their terminology design on clinical text — so the distribution of ontology concepts in actual clinical texts may differ greatly. Therefore, in representing clinical reports for cohort identification, we advocate for a model that makes use of expert knowledge, is empirically validated, and considers context. This is accomplished through a new framework: empirical ontologies. Patient cohort identification is thus a practical use case for the techniques in our recent work on clinical concept frequency comparisons[2, 3]. The rest of this paper describes the TREC 2011 Medical Records task, describes Mayo Clinic’s run submissions, and reports evaluation results with subsequent discussion.
The Blind Basinet: A New Interpretation of Royal Armouries IV.2

For many years a curiosity in the collection of the Royal Armouries, IV.2, or the ‘Blind Basinet’, is a fascinating example of an early 16th century great basinet not so much for what is present but for what is not. The lack of any means of seeing out of the helmet has led to a number of traditions regarding its provenance and purpose. A detailed examination of the helmet’s interior, as well as comparison with some other contemporary pieces, shows that it is an unfinished piece of armour. It was left at the stage where the sights and breaths would have been pierced, but they were left unfinished until some later modifications created a display piece, one which can still be seen at the Royal Armouries in Leeds.
Entropy, Probability and Atomism

In Max Planck’s first lecture delivered at Columbia University in 1909, he explained how physical science was historically organized anthropomorphically—that is, according to man’s particular senses. Thus we had the sciences of optics (what the eye can perceive), acoustics (what the ear can hear) and heat (what the skin can feel). With new apparatus and measurement techniques, however, physical science has become less concerned with subjective sensory experience and more concerned with objective quantification. For example, radio antennae and bolometers have enabled scientists to measure the properties of electromagnetic radiation that lies far outside of the spectrum of visible light. Moreover, the laws of thermodynamics—and especially Clausius’ second law—has inspired a reorganization of physical science into just two classes of phenomena: those which are reversible and those which are irreversible. Unfortunately, according to Planck, this new classification scheme still has the (undesirable) mark of anthropomorphism. For the definition of irreversibility— and the associated concept of entropy—still relies on the skill of an experimenter in devising an efficient heat engine for the purpose of accomplishing useful work. In other words, the purely thermodynamic definition of entropy is based on the inclinations and limitations of man. Is there a better definition of entropy—one which is more objective? This is the question to which Planck now turns in his third lecture…
Nonlinear, interacting responses to climate limit grassland production under global change.

Global changes in climate, atmospheric composition, and pollutants are altering ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. Among approaches for predicting ecosystem responses, long-term observations and manipulative experiments can be powerful approaches for resolving single-factor and interactive effects of global changes on key metrics such as net primary production (NPP). Here we combine both approaches, developing multidimensional response surfaces for NPP based on the longest-running, best-replicated, most-multifactor global-change experiment at the ecosystem scale—a 17-y study of California grassland exposed to full-factorial warming, added precipitation, elevated CO2, and nitrogen deposition. Single-factor and interactive effects were not time-dependent, enabling us to analyze each year as a separate realization of the experiment and extract NPP as a continuous function of global-change factors. We found a ridge-shaped response surface in which NPP is humped (unimodal) in response to temperature and precipitation when CO2 and nitrogen are ambient, with peak NPP rising under elevated CO2 or nitrogen but also shifting to lower temperatures. Our results suggest that future climate change will push this ecosystem away from conditions that maximize NPP, but with large year-to-year variability.
Seating-Related Pressure Injury Prevention in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Compensatory Technologies to Improve In-Seat Movement Behavior.

The purpose of this review was to (1) assess the factors related to the occurrence of pressure injuries in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI), (2) review methods of pressure injury prevention, and (3) examine compensatory technologies developed to promote in-seat movement to reduce the risk of pressure injuries. Risk factors for seating-related pressure injuries are well documented, yet ulceration remains a daily concern for individuals with SCI. While prompts and alarms have been shown to be effective at increasing in-seat movement, the devices thus far were not designed for long-term use. Wheelchair users will benefit from continued development of novel technologies designed to help them self-manage pressure injury prevention. Optimized feedback about pressure and movement will help wheelchair users with SCI perform more effective movements to relieve pressure, perform movements more frequently and consistently, and maintain effective and frequent movement behaviors over time while feedback is available.
A reusable electrochemical biosensor for monitoring of small molecules (cortisol) using molecularly imprinted polymers

This paper establishes the feasibility of a reusable biosensor that can be operated and stored at room temperature, for detection of small molecules in low resource settings. The sensor was fabricated using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) and cortisol was chosen as a model analyte. Cortisol imprinted polymer films were prepared by electropolymerizing pyrrole on an electrode surface in the presence of cortisol. Electrochemical over-oxidation of polypyrrole (PPy) was performed for the controlled release of cortisol templates and to create cortisol specific imprinting sites. Stepwise fabrication of imprinted sensors was characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 1 pM L−1 for cortisol. A unique feature of the sensor was that cross-reactivity with prednisolone (which has 100% interference in ELISA), was minimized to 18.3% compared to ELISA. The sensitivity of the sensor remained over 90% after 7 cycles of elution/rebinding, while the sensitivity decreased by 10% after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature, suggesting the sensor can be used multiple times and used with low overhead costs in low resource settings such as agricultural fields. The sensor was used for detection of cortisol in saliva samples of farm workers; benchmarking with ELISA showed excellent correlation. These findings indicate that such a sensor can be used for in-field measurements of small molecules (e.g. cortisol).
Meeting Henry Hills: Printer To The King's Most Excellent Majesty

What does it mean to study a book? In the early modern period, the printed book became an essential catalyst for the dissemination of information, ideas, and culture. Especially in times of conflict, the realm of the printed word provided an important space in which the dissatisfied could make their voices heard or in which rulers could quell the rumblings of rebellion. It seems obvious that to study a book is to read a book, to seek out the voice of its author. Yet books are more than the mere words they contain. Librarians, archivists, and conservators take pains to preserve early and rare books because they are important physical objects with their own unique and often surprising stories. Behind each book is a host of individuals: patrons and printers, authors and apprentices. The following essay began with an examination of the John J. Burns Library's 1686 copy of The Life of St. Ignatius, Founder of the Society of Jesus. It relates the story of Henry Hills, the wily craftsman who managed to retain his position as official printer to the crown throughout the extraordinarly different reigns of Charles II, Oliver Cromwell, James II, and Queen Anne.
Measurement of the Shared Momentum Fraction z g using Jet Reconstruction in p + p and Au + Au Collisions with STAR

Abstract One key difference in current energy loss models lies in the treatment of the Altarelli-Parisi, AP, splitting functions. It has been shown that the shared momentum fraction, henceforth called Jet Splitting Function z g as determined by the SoftDrop grooming process can be made a Sudakov-safe measurement of the symmetrized AP functions in p+p collisions. The STAR collaboration presents the first z g measurements at s N N = 200 GeV in p+p and Au+Au collisions, where in Au+Au we use a set of di-jets with hard cores reconstructed with a 2 GeV/c constituent cut. For a jet resolution parameter of R = 0.4 , these di-jet pairs were found to be significantly imbalanced with respect to p+p, yet regained balance when all soft constituents were included. We find that within uncertainties there are no signs of a modified Jet Splitting Function on trigger or recoil sides of this di-jet selection.
STUDIES ON THE FLEXNER GROUP OF DYSENTERY BACILLI : IV. THE SEROLOGICAL AND TOXIC PROPERTIES OF THE SOMATIC ANTIGENS.

1. The toxicity of killed dysentery bacilli can be ascribed to the somatic antigen. Antibodies to intact dysentery bacilli apparently contain no toxin-neutralizing antibodies other than those which precipitate the purified somatic antigen. 2. The serological properties of dysentery bacilli are determined by the specific somatic antigen. The specificity and cross-reactivity of the somatic antigen are dependent upon the carbohydrate moiety of the molecular complex.
User acceptance of web-based talent assessment platform (TAP)

The objective of this study is to identify factors that attract people into online talent and psychological assessment portals. We have used primary survey to collect consumers' responses. Data from 203 registered users were collected using an online survey process. The results of multivariate data analysis indicate that standard of tests, satisfaction of motivate customers, engagement, trouble free browsing and effectively addressing customer requirements are important determinants for drawing test-takers. In addition to this, we found active test takers, competitors, casual test takers and job seekers as the four major segments of users visiting the assessment portal. The identification of factors and segmentation of users would help assessment portals in developing strategies in order to effectively target, acquire and engage users.
Dryland Resources of North America with Special Reference to Regions West of the 100th Parallel

This chapter provides a synoptic overview of the aridlands on the North American continent. It traces the early history of this vast region from pre-Columbian times to the present and reviews forecasts of the likely impact of global change (including climate change) on the lands and its peoples. The current state of aridlands in North America reflects a legacy of historical land and water use. The allocation of water and the efforts to reconcile competing claims for water are highlighted. The interplay of public and private ownership of land and water rights receives attention here. Land use has intensified in recent decades and urban expansion and related infrastructure development as well as industry and mining have created new demands for a dwindling water supply. Land use assignment and operational practices will arguably have a larger impact on aridland ecosystems in the next two to five decades than climate change. In the near-term, climate fluctuation and change will be important primarily as it influences the impact of land and water use and how ecosystems are impacted by, and respond to, land use change.
Separating Processes within a Trial in Event-Related Functional MRI: I. The Method

Many behavioral paradigms involve temporally overlapping sensory, cognitive, and motor components within a single trial. The complex interplay among these factors makes it desirable to separate the components of the total response without assumptions about shape of the underlying hemodynamic response. We present a method that does this. Four conditions were studied in four subjects to validate the method. Two conditions involved rapid event-related studies, one with a low-contrast (5%) flickering checkerboard and another with a high-contrast (95%) checkerboard. In the third condition, the same high-contrast checkerboard was presented with widely spaced trials. Finally, multicomponent trials were formed from temporally adjacent low-contrast and high-contrast stimuli. These trials were presented as a rapid event-related study. Low-contrast stimuli presented in isolation (partial trials) made it possible to uniquely estimate both the low-contrast and high-contrast responses. These estimated responses matched those measured in the first three conditions, thereby validating the method. Nonlinear interactions between adjacent low-contrast and high-contrast responses were shown to be significant but weak in two of the four subjects.
Magnetically enhanced plasma exfoliation of polyaniline-modified graphene for flexible solid-state supercapacitors

Abstract Flexible solid-state supercapacitors featuring lightweight and large capacitance have many attractive applications in portable and wearable electronics. Nitrogen-doped graphene is a promising electrodes material due to the extraordinary properties of graphene. This study demonstrates a magnetically enhanced dielectric barrier discharge that has the potential to efficiently exfoliate polyaniline-modified graphene at low input power. The plasma exfoliated N-doped graphene is subsequently used to fabricate flexible solid-state supercapacitors, which exhibit large specific capacitance of 45 mF/cm2 at 0.2 A cm−2 charging rate, ~100% capacitance retention after 1000 charge/discharge cycles at different current densities, and outstanding mechanical flexibility. The magnetically enhanced plasma exfoliation of graphite oxide offers a potentially cost-effective approach to producing high-quality carbon nanomaterials for energy storage.
Partial Differential Equations

The physical systems studied thus far have been described primarily by ordinary differential equations. We are now interested in studying phenomena that require partial derivatives in the describing equations as they are formed in modeling the particular phenomena. Partial differential equations arise where the dependent variable depends on two or more independent variables.
Yeast Sage Expression Levels are Related to Calculated mRNA Folding Free Energies

Free energies of folding for native mRNA sequences are more negative than calculated free energies of folding for randomized mRNA sequences with the same mononucleotide base composition and length. Randomization only of the coding region of most genes also yields folding free energies of less negative magnitude than those of the original mRNA sequences. For 79 mRNA sequences selected from a yeast SAGE library, the free energy minimization calculations of native mRNA sequences are also usually more negative than randomized mRNA sequences, as above. This difference can be expressed as a bias using standard deviation units. We also observed that if this yeast SAGE data is grouped according to expression levels, the mean folding free energy bias is different between the high, average, and low expression-level genes. A t-Test for paired two-samples of means shows a significant difference in folding free energies between high and low expression yeast genes. Thus the sequences of these yeast genes typically give rise to more stable secondary mRNA structures in high expression genes than in single-copy genes. The results of this study could serve as a foundation for comparison with other genomes, which in turn will allow investigating how the folding bias may be affected by specific characteristics of each organism, such as growth temperature, dinucleotide composition, or GC content of the genome.
Statins and elevated liver tests : What's the fuss?

Order liver function tests before starting statin therapy, 12 weeks after initiation, with any dose increase, and periodically for long-term maintenance therapy. Mild elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (<3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) following statin therapy do not appear to lead to significant liver toxicity over time. Other medications that lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and might be substituted for statins, may not improve morbidity and mortality.
The structure of electroless NiP films as a function of composition

Examines the evolution of the microstructure of Ni-P deposits with varying P content. Explains that electroless Ni-P was deposited on Cu-coated glass slides in a commercial nickel sulfate-sodium hypophosphite both held at 363K. Deposits of differing composition were prepared by varying the pH of the bath from 2.5 to 6.5 in increments of 1.0. Uses energy dispersive x-ray analyses from the electron microprobe and from the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to semi-quantitatively determine the P content of the deposits as a function of pH. Finds that an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation occurs in the vicinity of 9.5 at .%P, the material being amorphous for P contents larger than 9.5 atomic percent, corresponding to a bath pH of less than or equal to4.5. Suggests that phosphorous segregation during deposition plays a role in the observed grain size variation, and a qualitative model for this is presented.
The Setting, I: Hospital and Long-Term Institution

Nurse and patient do not relate to one another in a vacuum but within the over-all framework of some kind of setting. By virtue of its location, physical setup and purpose and even more, perhaps, by its atmosphere, the setting exerts a powerful influence upon the nurse-patient interaction.
Inference of User Qualities in Shared Control

Users play an integral role in the performance of many robotic systems, and robotic systems must account for differences in users to improve collaborative performance. Much of the work in adapting to users has focused on designing teleoperation controllers that adjust to extrinsic user indicators such as force, or intent, but do not adjust to intrinsic user qualities. In contrast, the Human-Robot Interaction community has extensively studied intrinsic user qualities, but results may not rapidly be fed back into autonomy design. Here we provide foundational evidence for a new strategy that augments current shared control, and provide a mechanism to directly feed back results from the HRI community into autonomy design. Our evidence is based on a study examining the impact of the user quality “locus of control” on telepresence robot performance. Our results support our hypothesis that key user qualities can be inferred from human-robot interactions (such as through path deviation or time to completion) and that switching or adaptive autonomies might improve shared control performance.
Mood and luxury perception: A tale of two genders

The effects of mood and gender on consumption are well documented in consumer behavior research. While a lot of research focuses on the effect of mood, gender, or their interaction on purchase like...
Implementing Place-Based Food Systems when Access to Place is Precarious

Agroecologists and development practitioners claim that the use of agroecological practices can reduce poverty and increase food security. However, this assumption is made without understanding how peasant households can access land on which they can implement agroecological practices. This research explores two research questions: How does differential access to land influence a household’s decision to implement agro­ecological practices? What types of land-tenure statuses are conducive to adapting agroecosystems? I find that household implementation of agroecological practices by peasant households in rural Guatemala is shaped by access to land, specifically land ownership and parcel size, because of the household’s ability to create system­atic changes to crop and livestock production. The household’s ability to implement agroecosystems that cycle nutrients throughout the farm to increase productivity and reduce risk affects its decision to invest in new agroecological practices. I analyze the implementation of agroecological practices among households in San Martin Jilotepeque, Chimaltenango, Guatemala, through qualitative interviews conducted in early 2016.
Assessing the Flight Capabilities of Fed and Starved Allograpta obliqua (Diptera: Syrphidae), a Natural Enemy of Asian Citrus Psyllid, with Computerized Flight Mills

Flight mills were used to investigate flight capabilities of Allograpta obliqua (Say) (Diptera: Syriphidae), an important predator of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in California. Specifically, distance by which A. obliqua can fly in 24 h, and the effect of sex and feeding treatment (fed or starved) on flight capabilities were investigated. A total of 17 (7 females, 10 males) laboratory-reared flies were flown. There was no significant effect of sex on distances flown. Out of a total of 3,487 flight bouts, 7 consisted of A. obliqua flying 1 to 2 m, and 5 bouts consisted of A. obliqua flying over 5 m. The remaining bouts (99.7%) were less than 1 m and were considered ‘hovering’ because they consisted of extremely short bursts of flight activity (< 10 s). The 5 bouts over 5 m were conducted by 2 fed females, and the mean distance flown and mean flight bout time were 39 ± 13 m and 113 ± 24 s, respectively.
Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little abo...
Light-Based Devices for Wound Healing

The goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of light-based treatments that have shown effectiveness in enhancing various aspects of wound healing, examine the drawbacks that have impeded the translation of some light-based therapies into clinical use, and highlight scenarios where these treatments may confer benefits over current standards in wound care. Several categories of light-based treatments, in particular laser debridement, fractional photothermolysis, and photodynamic therapy, have seen exciting recent clinical results that may justify expanding the use of these modalities in clinical wound care. Antimicrobial blue light is the subject of several ongoing clinical wound trials, the results of which could demonstrate the viability of this technology as a clinical treatment. Photobiomodulation, while conceptually promising, requires more rigorous development and validation before it can become a reliable wound therapy. The technologies underlying light-based therapies are advancing rapidly, and in many cases, their utility in the wound care setting is still being actively explored. We anticipate that as these technologies mature and become optimized for wound applications, their utility in clinical wound care will continue to grow.
Controller Initiation and Monitoring of a Relative Spacing Task During Parallel Runway Operations

Interval Management Paired Approach (IM PA) is a relative spacing application intended to provide a means for Closely-Spaced Parallel Runway approach and landing operations to continue in weather conditions where visual separation cannot be maintained. IM PA maximizes arrival throughput via a new separation standard that minimizes collision and wake risk within an IM PA aircraft pair. A Human-In-The-Loop simulation experiment examined the acceptability and feasibility of IM PA initiation and monitoring tasks in the terminal area. The experiment also evaluated controller information requirements and a series of enabling ground tools. Twelve certified Air Traffic Controllers served as participants in both Final Approach and Final Monitor positions. The controllers managed traffic in multiple scenarios that involved initiating and monitoring IM PA operations with varying supporting IM PA (display) tool and monitor configurations. Some scenarios also introduced off-nominal longitudinal and lateral deviations. Results suggest given the appropriate tools and training, the IM PA longitudinal and lateral separation monitoring task should be acceptable, and controllers can initiate the operation. The current IM PA concept appears feasible overall, and recommendations are made regarding controller information needs, the design of supporting ground tools, and implementation considerations. The results are intended to provide concept validation for avionics and ground requirements development activities and the IM operational concept.
Abstract PO-044: A pilot concept for cancer education outreach to community K-8 schools

Introduction: The authors examined feasible mechanisms for a cancer research lab at a university to improve racial/cultural cancer disparities issues in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. The goal was to find tangible mechanisms to preliminarily and proactively attend to racial disparities issues based on recent events in our community. Materials and Methods: The authors identified four domains of activity that could potentially be deployed to the local Black community. These consisted of improved community education, improved health care access, improved researcher education about racism/cultural bias, and education on the concept of trauma informed care. Community cancer education outreach was judged most feasible program’s researchers. In the past, education outreach had been performed at K-8 school science fairs and a community cancer education program where we have been instructors (an entity called Mini-medical school). Demographics for past interactions were analyzed to gauge directing further outreach. Results: In the Twin cities proper 16-19% of the residents are Black (Primarily African American and Somali); in the larger metropolitan area 8-9%, and 6-7% overall in Minnesota. We found that our research program outreach had occurred at a school with only 4.4% Black/African American students. At the larger Cancer education program (Mini medical school), approximately 3.5% of attendees were African American. Both of these outreach activities occurred in communities with much lower percentage than the 16-19% Black community demographic (P Citation Format: Juliana M. Ondrey, Frank Ondrey. A pilot concept for cancer education outreach to community K-8 schools [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-044.
Consequence analysis due to possible ethanol leaks in sugarcane biorefineries.

This study simulated and evaluated the consequences of possible ethanol leaks in a hypothetical sugarcane biorefinery, considering climatic factors in the region of the State of Sao Paulo-BR. The Gaussian model was used to obtain the results of the hypothetical scenarios. From these values, an empirical mathematical model was established to describe the behavior of the system within the investigated experimental domain. The results obtained the modeling values of the hypothetical scenarios, the statistical treatment for the two responses-a range, slight damage (R1), and a range, high damage (R2), the joint analyses of variables R1 and R2, and the risk classification of catastrophic events. The consequence analysis allowed the calculation and plotting of graphs, such as the areas of thermal radiation range. Among the variables addressed in the study, the diameter of the leakage hole was the most noticeable in the range of thermal radiation. Therefore, it is relevant to make simulations to prevent hazardous material leakages by applying the exact characteristics of the plant to conduct the procedure.
A high ion-conductive and stable porous membrane for neutral aqueous Zn-based flow batteries

Abstract Zn-based flow batteries (ZFBs) with low cost and high efficiency have become one of promising energy storage technologies for renewable energy development. However, in ZFBs, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) losses ion conductivity because of the presence of Zn2+. The side reaction of Zn2+ precipitation resulted in ion exchange decomposition of AEM with quaternary groups. While a cation exchange membrane (CEM) hinders anion conductivity because of electrostatic interaction between ion-exchange groups and anions. To address poor ion conductivity of ion exchange membrane in ZFBs, a polyetherimide (PEI)-based porous ion conductive membrane is developed via water phase inversion technology for ZFBs. The ion conductive mechanism is based on pore size exclusion, which mitigates the effects of ion exchange groups on ion conductivity. The membrane performance is further improved by introducing suitable polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and controlling tetrahydrofuran (THF) volatilization time. The results demonstrate that in Zn/4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine 1-Oxyl (TEMPO-OH) flow battery, a coulombic efficiency (CE) of more than 98% and an energy efficiency (EE) of ~77% was achieved at 20 mA cm−2, and the flow battery assembled with 20PEI-1PVP-90s can stably run for 150 cycles. The PEI-based porous membrane with low cost and high efficiency is considered as a promising strategy for ZFBs.
Source-sink connectivity: a novel resting-state EEG marker of the epileptogenic zone

Over 15 million epilepsy patients worldwide have medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), i.e., they do not respond to anti-epileptic drugs. Successful surgery is a hopeful alternative for seizure freedom but can only be achieved through complete resection or disconnection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the brain region(s) where seizures originate. Unfortunately, surgical success rates vary between 30%-70% because no clinically validated biological markers of the EZ exist. Localizing the EZ has thus become a costly and time-consuming process during which a team of clinicians obtain non-invasive neuroimaging data, which is often followed by invasive monitoring involving days-to-weeks of EEG recordings captured intracranially (iEEG). Clinicians visually inspect iEEG data, looking for abnormal activity (e.g., low-voltage high frequency activity) on individual channels occurring immediately before seizures. They also look for abnormal spikes that occur on iEEG between seizures ("resting-state"). In the end, clinicians use <1% of the iEEG data captured to assist in EZ localization (minutes of seizure data versus days of recordings), missing opportunities to leverage these largely ignored data to better diagnose and treat patients. Intracranial EEG offers a unique opportunity to observe rich epileptic cortical network dynamics but waiting for seizures to occur increases patient risks associated invasive monitoring. In this study, we aim to leverage iEEG data in between seizures by developing a new networked-based resting-state iEEG marker of the EZ. We hypothesize that when a patient is not seizing, it is because the EZ is inhibited by neighboring nodes. We develop an algorithm that identifies two groups of nodes from the resting-state iEEG network: those that are continuously inhibiting a set of neighboring nodes ("sources") and the inhibited nodes themselves ("sinks"). Specifically, patient-specific dynamical network models (DNMs) are estimated from minutes of iEEG and their connectivity properties reveal top sources and sinks in the network, with each node being quantified by a source-sink index (SSI). We validate the SSI index in a retrospective analysis of 65 patients by using the SSI of the annotated EZ as a metric to predict surgical outcomes. SSI predicts with an accuracy of 79%, compared to the accuracy of clinicians being 43% (successful outcomes). In failed outcomes, we identify regions of the brain with high SSIs that were untreated. When compared to high frequency oscillations, the most common resting-state iEEG feature proposed for EZ localization, SSI outperformed in predictive power (by a factor of 1.2) suggesting SSI as a resting-state EEG fingerprint of the EZ.
Nutritional Regulation of Hepatic FGF21 by Dietary Restriction of Methionine

FGF21 is a potent metabolic regulator of energy balance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Initial studies reported that it was increased by fasting and the associated increase in ketones, but more recent work points to the importance of dietary protein and sensing of essential amino acids in FGF21 regulation. For example, dietary restriction of methionine produces a rapid transcriptional activation of hepatic FGF21 that results in a persistent 5- to 10-fold increase in serum FGF21. Although FGF21 is a component of a complex transcriptional program activated by methionine restriction (MR), loss-of-function studies show that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the resulting effects of the MR diet on energy balance, remodeling of adipose tissue, and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. These studies also show that FGF21 signaling in the brain is required for the MR diet-induced increase in energy expenditure (EE) and reduction of adiposity. Collectively, the evidence supports the view that the liver functions as a sentinel to detect and respond to changes in dietary amino acid composition, and that the resulting mobilization of hepatic FGF21 is a key element of the homeostatic response. These findings raise the interesting possibility that therapeutic diets could be developed that produce sustained, biologically effective increases in FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
Arylmethyl Phenyl Ethers

Oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid produced by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are potent mediators of hypersensitivity and inflammation (see O’Flaherty, 1982; Lewis and Austen, 1984 for reviews). Their proposed roles in the pathophysiology of asthma, chronic inflammation, and psoriasis have prompted an intense search for specific inhibitors of their biosynthesis (Bach, 1984). Three years ago a program was initiated at Revlon Health Care Group to find compounds that would modulate the biosynthesis of leukotrienes or antagonize their spasmogenic actions on smooth muscle. In particular, we sought specific and stable inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme, utilizing a cellular assay as our primary screening tool.
Victorian Literature and the Anorexic Body: Waisted women: reading Victorian slenderness

The extraordinary variety that is woman's body is systematically ignored in our culture. The richness of our different shapes is reduced to the overriding image of slimness. Susie Orbach, Fat is a Feminist Issue It has always appeared to me to be one of the greatest existing absurdities, that a whole community of people, differing in complexion, form, and feature, as widely as the same species can differ, should … desire to wear precisely the same kind of dress. Sarah Stickney Ellis, Daughters of England The remarkable similarity between Orbach's and Ellis's observations indicates that the wish to adapt to one predominant standard of beauty bridges nineteenth- and twentieth-century women's experiences, and that contemporary complaints about the tyranny of slenderness have antecedents in the Victorian era. Nineteenth-century writers were well aware of the importance of beauty, including slenderness, in women's lives, so discussions of the existence of a Victorian “beauty myth” do not merely impose a twenty-first-century concept upon the nineteenth century. Beauty has, of course, concerned both men and women throughout history, but Ellis's statement alludes to a specific body type that many women cultivated in order to conform to a fashionable Victorian silhouette, “to wear precisely the same kind of dress” as their neighbors. Ellis's interpretation of women's behavior, therefore, requires an investigation into the body types that most appealed to fashionable Victorian women.
Beclin orthologs: Integrative hubs of cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and physiology

The Beclin family, including yeast Atg6 (autophagy related gene 6), its orthologs in higher eukaryotic species, and the more recently characterized mammalian-specific Beclin 2, are essential molecules in autophagy and other membrane-trafficking events. Extensive studies of Beclin orthologs have provided considerable insights into the regulation of autophagy, the diverse roles of autophagy in physiology and disease, and potential new strategies to modulate autophagy in a variety of clinical diseases. In this review we discuss the functions of Beclin orthologs, the regulation of such functions by diverse cellular signaling pathways, and the effects of such regulation on downstream cellular processes including tumor suppression and metabolism. These findings suggest that Beclin orthologs serve as crucial molecules that integrate diverse environmental signals with membrane trafficking events to ensure optimal responses of the cell to stressful stimuli.
Organizational Weapons: Explaining Cohesion in the Military

Cohesion is defined as the creation and maintenance of cooperative effort towards the attainment of the organization’s goals. This paper argues that existing theories of cohesion in the military are deficient. For most soldiers, patriotism and ideology play only a diffuse an indirect motivational role. Explanations based on selective incentives and primary group solidarity also suffer from theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. This paper maintains that the more individual soldiers self-identify as members of an armed organization over other putative identities, the greater will be organizational cohesion. While the military provides individuals with a sense of belonging to an entity greater than the face-to-face primary group, it also provides a means of status distinction within, as opposed to across communities. Three mechanisms by which organizational socialization is strengthened are identified: training, ritual, and collective burden sharing. Evidence from the U.S. Army in Vietnam and the Wehrmacht in the Second World War suggests that the latter may be especially significant. Soldiers kill and die, not for society as a whole, but for an imagined community of fellow warriors, an imaginary brotherhood.
Research Themes of Broad Transport Applicability

This paper describes two current examples of research being undertaken at the Claremont Research Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences. The first concerns the development of geometrically convergent Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate global solutions of transport problems. The second initiative is aimed at the solution of certain inverse problems arising in biomedical applications. Only the main ideas for both techniques are sketched here; algorithmic details and numerical examples are presented elsewhere.
Evolving consensus sequence for multiple sequence alignment with a genetic algorithm

In this paper we present an approach that evolves the consensus sequence [25] for multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with genetic algorithm (GA). We have developed an encoding scheme such that the number of generations needed to find the optimal solution is approximately the same regardless the number of sequences. Instead it only depends on the length of the template and similarity between sequences. The objective function gives a sum-of-pairs (SP) score as the fitness values. We conducted some preliminary studies and compared our approach with the commonly used heuristic alignment program Clustal W. Results have shown that the GA can indeed scale and perform well.
The effects of a single bout of downhill running and ensuing delayed onset of muscle soreness on running economy performed 48 h later.

Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common response to exercise involving significant eccentric loading. Symptoms of DOMS vary widely and may include reduced force generating capacity, significant alterations in biochemical indices of muscle and connective tissue health, alteration of neuromuscular function, and changes in mechanical performance. The purpose of the investigation was to examine the effects of downhill running and ensuing DOMS on running economy and stride mechanics. Nine, well-trained distance runners and triathletes participated in the study. Running economy was measured at three relative intensities [65, 75, and 85% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)] before (RE1) and 48 h after (RE2) a 30-min downhill run (−10%) at 70% VO2peak. Dependent variables included leg muscle soreness, rate of oxygen consumption (VO2), minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, lactate, heart rate, and stride length. These measurements were entered into a two-factor multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The analysis revealed a significant time effect for all variables and a significant interaction (time × intensity) for lactate. The energy cost of locomotion was elevated at RE2 by an average of 3.2%. This was coupled with a significant reduction in stride length. The change in VO2 was inversely correlated with the change in stride length (r= −0.535). Lactate was significantly elevated at RE2 for each run intensity, with a mean increase of 0.61 mmol l−1. Based on these findings, it is suggested that muscle damage led to changes in stride mechanics and a greater reliance on anaerobic methods of energy production, contributing to the change in running economy during DOMS.
Level spacing distributions and elastic hopping in the Coulomb glass

We studied effects of elastic tunneling on the density of states and on localization in disordered systems of interacting localized electrons. We present evidence which suggests that Coulomb interactions suppress localization, and that quantum effects must be considered in many experimental situations where they were neglected.
Design of a robust thin-film based gain flattening filter

The design philosophy leading to a high-yield GFF solution in a challenging design contest is described. Emphasis is placed on the approach used to control its sensitivity to simulated deposition errors. GFFs are key components in WDM applications and fiber optics telecommunications.
VLSI: the next ten years

An examination is made of the various scenarios for the semiconductor industry over the next ten years. The following are anticipated. (1) Scaling will continue through the next decade, providing density improvements. (2) Significant structural material changes will be needed in building sub-half-micron ICs in order to continue performance and reliability improvements, especially if monolithic integration of multifunctions is envisioned (linear, power, nonvolatile functions with digital). (3) The cost of scaled silicon is increasing rapidly. Unless there is a fundamental change in this trend, the cost will be prohibitive. (4) A 100*-1000* improvement in design productivity is needed in the next decade to continue to cost-effectively design applications that utilize state-of-the-art technology. This may need a paradigm shift in the approach to IC design. (5) As scaled silicon becomes more expensive, advances in packaging, perhaps using older generation silicon technology, will provide the system-level cost improvement that will keep the application revolution going for the next decade. >
Automated Multiple Target Detection and Tracking in UAV Videos

In this paper, a novel system is presented to detect and track multiple targets in Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) video sequences. Since the output of the system is based on target motion, we first segment foreground moving areas from the background in each video frame using background subtraction. To stabilize the video, a multi-point-descriptor-based image registration method is performed where a projective model is employed to describe the global transformation between frames. For each detected foreground blob, an object model is used to describe its appearance and motion information. Rather than immediately classifying the detected objects as targets, we track them for a certain period of time and only those with qualified motion patterns are labeled as targets. In the subsequent tracking process, a Kalman filter is assigned to each tracked target to dynamically estimate its position in each frame. Blobs detected at a later time are used as observations to update the state of the tracked targets to which they are associated. The proposed overlap-rate-based data association method considers the splitting and merging of the observations, and therefore is able to maintain tracks more consistently. Experimental results demonstrate that the system performs well on real-world UAV video sequences. Moreover, careful consideration given to each component in the system has made the proposed system feasible for real-time applications.
Separation of Selected Bile Acids by TLC. VIII. Separation on Silica Gel 60F254 Glass Plates Impregnated with Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(II), and Mn(II) Cations

Abstract The aim of our study was to examine the following bile acids: cholic acid (C), glycocholic acid (GC), glycolithocholic acid (GLC), deoxycholic acid (DC), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), and lithocholic acid (LC). In the present study, to separate a/m bile acids using adsorption thin layer chromatography at 18°C, the glass plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 (#1.05715), were impregnated with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% aqueous solutions of the following salts: CuSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, and FeSO4. The mixtures of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–acetic acid in the volume compositions: 22:20:5; 25:20:2; 25:20:5, and 25:20:8 were used as mobile phases. These mobile phases were not effective for the separation of bile acids on non impregnated silica gel 60F254 plates at 18°C. The plates impregnated with the salts whose application resulted in ΔRF≥0.05 and RS>1 for all neighboring pairs of examined bile acids were considered the most effective for bile acids separation. It was observed that impregn...