cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Myofibrillar Protein and Collagen Content of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Due to Washing and Screening

Abstract Mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) was subjected to an aqueous washing process with a .5% sodium bicarbonate solution. A screen sieving (.85-mm mesh) separation procedure was incorporated, and two fractions of the washed meat were obtained. One fraction of the washed meat captured by the screen yielded 18.7% of original MDCM on a dry weight basis, and contained 2.8 times more myofibrillar protein and 3.0 times more connective tissue than that of the unwashed MDCM when expressed on a dry weight basis. The fraction of washed meat that passed through the screen sieve device yielded 20.7% of original MDCM on a dry weight basis, and contained 9.2 times more myofibrillar protein than unwashed MDCM. Furthermore, it had 3.0 times less connective tissue than the unwashed MDCM when expressed on a dry weight basis. Thus, the subsequent washed meat fraction would have a composition closely analogous to that of fish surimi.
Death losses for lactating cows in herds enrolled in dairy herd improvement test plans.

Factors that affect frequency of death of lactating cows were studied for cows with records that terminated from 1995 through 2005. Analyses included effects of herd, year, month, parity, and lactation stage at lactation termination as well as cow breed and milk yield. A national data set (15,025,035 lactations in 45,032 herds) was analyzed with PROC GLM. Overall death frequency was 3.1% per lactation (5.7% per cow). Death frequency increased by 1.6% from 1995 to 2005, with a sudden increase of 0.9% from 2003 to 2004, probably because of a USDA requirement in late 2003 for euthanizing downer cows. Death frequency was 16.5% greater for lactations that terminated at or=251 d. Death frequency increased with parity (2% greater for eighth parity and later than for first parity) and with lactation milk yield (0.4%/1,000 kg for Holsteins and Jerseys and 0.5%/1,000 kg for other breeds). Deaths were most frequent in July and least frequent in November. Within-herd breed differences (Holstein, Jersey, and other breeds) were small. The heritability of likelihood of death estimated from a sample of 79,162 Holstein cows was 1.3%. Death losses are increasing, perhaps partly because of increased milk yield and more intensive management regimens.
Measurement of the Magnitude of the Electronic Attenuation of Sound in Metals

A discussion is presented of methods of measuring the total electronic component of the attenuation of sound waves in metals. Es werden Methoden zur Messung der vollstandigen elektronischen Komponente der Dampfung von Schallwellen in Metallen diskutiert.
Radiation Resistant Magnet Coils from Hard Anodized Aluminum Conductor

An extracted beam current of ~ 25 ?A of ~ 575 MeV protons from the modified Nevis Synchrocyclotron will strike two meson producing targets before coming to rest in a beam stop. The quadrupole and dipole transport magnets viewing the targets at close range might absorb 1010-1011 rad/yr. or more. Conventional coil insulating techniques employing epoxy, fiberglass, alumina filled matrices can withstand, at best, a total absorbed dose of a few times 1010 rads. Therefore, a coil fabrication and insulating method depending entirely upon inorganic materials was developed. The coils are fabricated from hollow aluminum conductor which is wound, hard anodized, and assembled. Hard anodized aluminum sheets serve as additional layer to layer and ground insulation and inorganically bound mica mat is used between turns.
The Escherichia coli Methyl-Directed Mismatch Repair System Repairs Base Pairs Containing Oxidative Lesions

A major role of the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system of Escherichia coli is to repair postreplicative errors. In this report, we provide evidence that MMR also acts on oxidized DNA, preventing mutagenesis. When cells deficient in MMR are grown anaerobically, spontaneous mutation frequencies are reduced compared with those of the same cells grown aerobically. In addition, we show that a dam mutant has an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment that can be suppressed by mutations that inactivate MMR. In a dam mutant, MMR is not targeted to newly replicated DNA strands and therefore mismatches are converted to single- and double-strand DNA breaks. Thus, base pairs containing oxidized bases will be converted to strand breaks if they are repaired by MMR. This is demonstrated by the increased peroxide sensitivity of a dam mutant and the finding that the sensitivity can be suppressed by mutations inactivating MMR. We demonstrate further that this repair activity results from MMR recognition of base pairs containing 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) based on the finding that overexpression of the MutM oxidative repair protein, which repairs 8-oxoG, can suppress the mutH-dependent increase in transversion mutations. These findings demonstrate that MMR has the ability to prevent oxidative mutagenesis either by removing 8-oxoG directly or by removing adenine misincorporated opposite 8-oxoG or both.
Regression Discontinuity Marginal Threshold Treatment Effects

In regression discontinuity models, where the probability of treatment jumps discretely when a running variable crosses a threshold, an average treatment effect can be nonparametrically identied. We show that the derivative of this treatment effect with respect to the threshold is also nonparametrically identied and easily estimated, in both sharp and fuzzy designs. This marginal threshold treatment effect (MTTE) may be used to estimate the impact on treatment effects of small changes in the threshold. We use it to show how raising the age of Medicare eligi- bility would change the probability of take up of various types of health insurance.
28Silicon Radiation Impairs Neuronal Output in CA1 Neurons of Mouse Ventral Hippocampus without Altering Dendritic Excitability

An unavoidable complication of space travel is exposure to radiation consisting of high-energy charged particles (HZE), such as Fe and Si nuclei. HZE radiation can affect neuronal functions at the level of the synapse or neuronal soma without inducing significant neuronal death. Different radiation species impart distinct patterns of radiation damage depending on their track structure, dose rate and fluence. Moreover, structural differences exist along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus that may underlie different radiosensitivities within the same neuronal field (e.g., the CA1 pyramidal cell population of the hippocampus). In this study we tested the functional effects of low doses of 28Si radiation on excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices prepared strictly from the ventral hippocampus. We used extracellular electrophysiological techniques to record field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and population spikes in hippocampal CA1 neurons from C57BL/6J male mice 3 months...
Radiation and chemotherapy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Nearly 50,000 people in the United States will be diagnosed with stage III non-small cell lung cancer during the year 2000. Over the past 10 years, combined modality therapy has become the standard of care for primary treatment of most of these patients. Numerous studies and meta-analyses document an improvement in survival for patients with stage III disease treated with sequential chemotherapy followed by chest radiation, compared with radiation alone. Some more recent studies have shown a further improvement in survival when the chemotherapy and full-dose radiation are given concurrently. Acute toxicity is increased compared with sequential chemotherapy followed by radiation, but late toxiciaies seem similar. A current question under study is whether the use of initial chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy will further improve median and overall survival compared with immediate concurrent therapy alone.
Organizational Structure and Job Satisfaction Do Bureaucratic Organizations Produce more Satisfied Employees

Popular and social scientific critiques of the bureaucratic model of organizational behavior argue that employment in highly structured, bureaucratic work organizations adversely affects worker attitudes and behavior. In particular, these critics suggest that bureaucratic structure is associated with lower employee job satisfaction. Several empirical studies, however, have yielded an unexpected positive relationship between bureaucratic structure and satisfaction. In this research, the authors argue that this paradoxical pattern is the result of these studies having used measures of organizational structure that conflate job and organizational characteristics. The authors show that among members of an emerging profession, highly structured organizational activities have a negative effect on employee satisfaction when job characteristics are controlled.
Identification of a vacuole-associated metalloreductase and its role in Ctr2-mediated intracellular copper mobilization.

Copper is an essential trace metal whose biological utility is derived from its ability to cycle between oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I). Ctr1 is a high affinity plasma membrane copper permease, conserved from yeast to humans, that mediates the physiological uptake of Cu(I) from the extracellular environment. In the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extracellular Cu(II) is reduced to Cu(I) via the action of the cell surface metalloreductase Fre1, similar to the human gp91phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex, which utilizes heme and flavins to catalyze electron transfer. The S. cerevisiae Ctr2 protein is structurally similar to Ctr1, localizes to the vacuole membrane, and mobilizes vacuolar copper stores to the cytosol via a mechanism that is not well understood. Here we show that Ctr2-1, a mutant form of Ctr2 that mislocalizes to the plasma membrane, requires the Fre1 plasma membrane metalloreductase for Cu(I) import. The conserved methionine residues that are essential for Ctr1 function at the plasma membrane are also essential for Ctr2-1-mediated Cu(I) uptake. We demonstrate that Fre6, a member of the yeast Fre1 metalloreductase protein family, resides on the vacuole membrane and functions in Ctr2-mediated vacuolar copper export, and cells lacking Fre6 phenocopy the Cu-deficient growth defect of ctr2Δ cells. Furthermore, both CTR2 and FRE6 mRNA levels are regulated by iron availability. Taken together these studies suggest that copper movement across intracellular membranes is mechanistically similar to that at the plasma membrane. This work provides a model for communication between the extracellular Cu(I) uptake and the intracellular Cu(I) mobilization machinery.
Modeling elasto-plastic indentation on layered materials using the equivalent inclusion method

Abstract This paper develops a fast semi-analytical model for solving the three-dimensional elasto-plastic contact problems involving layered materials using the Equivalent Inclusion Method (EIM). The analytical elastic solutions of a half-space subjected to a unit surface pressure and a unit subsurface eigenstrain are employed in this model; the topmost layer is simulated by an equivalent inclusion with fictitious eigenstrain. Accumulative plastic deformation is determined by a procedure involving an iterative plasticity loop and an incremental loading process. Algorithms of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) are utilized to improve the computation efficiency. An analytical elastic solution of layered body contact ( O’Sullivan and King, 1988 ) and an indentation experiment result involving a layered substrate ( Michler et al., 1999 ) are used to examine the accuracy of this model. Comparisons between numerical results from the present model and a commercial FEM software (Abaqus) are also presented. Case studies of a rigid ball loaded against a layered elasto-plastic half-space are conducted to explore the effects of the modulus, yield strength, and thickness of the coating on the hardness, stiffness, and plastic deformation of the composite body.
Technique for Curettage and Grafting of an Intramedullary Tibial Bone Cyst

During examination of an 11-year-old boy who had injured his right ankle, a benign tibial bone tumor was incidentally discovered. The bone tumor was initially treated with conservative care. When the patient returned with pain and an enlarging lesion, surgery was performed to prevent pathologic fracture. This case demonstrates the use of an allograft and synthetic bone graft material with growth factors in the treatment of a benign tibial bone tumor, avoiding the comorbidity and risk factors associated with autogeneic grafting.
Randomness-Dependent message security

Traditional definitions of the security of encryption schemes assume that the messages encrypted are chosen independently of the randomness used by the encryption scheme. Recent works, implicitly by Myers and Shelat (FOCS'09) and Bellare et al (AsiaCrypt'09), and explicitly by Hemmenway and Ostrovsky (ECCC'10), consider randomness-dependent message (RDM) security of encryption schemes, where the message to be encrypted may be selected as a function—referred to as the RDM function—of the randomness used to encrypt this particular message, or other messages, but in a circular way. We carry out a systematic study of this notion. Our main results demonstrate the following: · Full RDM security—where the RDM function may be an arbitrary polynomial-size circuit—is not possible. · Any secure encryption scheme can be slightly modified, by just performing some pre-processing to the randomness, to satisfy bounded-RDM security, where the RDM function is restricted to be a circuit of a priori bounded polynomial size. The scheme, however, requires the randomness r needed to encrypt a message m to be slightly longer than the length of m (i.e., |r|>|m|+ω(logk), where k is the security parameter). · We present a black-box provability barrier to compilations of arbitrary public-key encryption into RDM-secure ones using just pre-processing of the randomness, whenever |m|>|r|+ω(logk). On the other hand, under the DDH assumption, we demonstrate the existence of bounded-RDM secure schemes that can encrypt arbitrarily 'long' messages using 'short' randomness. We finally note that the existence of public-key encryption schemes imply the existence of a fully RDM-secure encryption scheme in an 'ultra-weak' Random-Oracle Model—where the security reduction need not 'program' the oracle, or see the queries made by the adversary to the oracle; combined with our impossibility result, this yields the first example of a cryptographic task that has a secure implementation in such a weak Random-Oracle Model, but does not have a secure implementation without random oracles.
Commentary: Border Sharing: Transportation and the Environment in the US-Mexico Border Region

The links between transportation and the environment have a long history in the US-Mexico border region. Modern attempts to increase and improve transportation in the region have generated the need for reliable information concerning the border environment. To help meet this need, researchers at the Alliance for Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) created a unique resource for Border Region Information on Transportation and the Environment (BRITE). BRITE's purpose is to provide relevant environmental information to governmental and nongovernmental agencies, interest groups, and individuals working along the US-Mexico border. ATRI continues to build BRITE in segments specific to environmental media. BRITE is as much a process as a product and it will never be “complete.” This paper discusses how state and local planners as well as interest groups might best utilize the information available in BRITE to develop sound environmental policy to enable the region to promote sustainable transportation.
Surgical conservation planning after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and operable stage III breast carcinoma.

Abstract Background: This study was performed to investigate the extent of tumor downstaging achieved in women with operable breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conservation surgery, develop recommendations for effective surgical planning, and report local-regional recurrence rates with this approach. Methods: One hundred nine patients with stage II or III (T3N1) breast cancer were treated in three prospective trials utilizing four cycles of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC, n=72) or paclitaxel (n = 37) followed by segmental resection (n = 109) and axillary node dissection (n = 94). Postoperatively, patients received 4 additional cycles of FAC followed by irradiation of the breast. The median follow-up was 53 months. Results: The median tumor size was 4 cm (range 1.1 to 9 cm) at presentation and only 1 cm (range 0 to 4.5 cm) after four cycles of chemotherapy. The primary tumor could not be palpated after chemotherapy in 55% of 104 patients presenting with a palpable mass and therefore required needle localization or ultrasound guidance for surgical resection. Of the 34 patients clinically deemed to have no residual carcinoma in the breast after chemotherapy and before surgery, only 50% of these patients were found to have no residual carcinoma on pathologic examination after surgery. Patients with primary tumors ≤2 cm were significantly more likely than patients with larger tumors to have complete eradication of the primary tumor prior to surgery ( P Conclusions: Tumor downstaging is marked in patients with operable breast cancer and requires close monitoring during chemotherapy. We recommend placement of metallic tumor markers when the primary tumor is ≤2 cm to facilitate adequate resection and pathologic processing. Resection of the tumor bed remains necessary in women deemed to have a complete clinical response to ensure low rates of recurrence.
Distribution of members of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) and implications for their roles in malaria transmission in the United States

The Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. (Say) complex consists of at least five species distinguished by distribution, genetic incompatibility, and allele frequencies. However, the distributions of the members have only been described by collection locations. Building on this information and environmental data, preliminary predictions of their distribution were produced using a genetic algorithm and point occurrence data. Based on resulting predicted border areas and undersampled regions, we obtained and analyzed additional geo-referenced specimens and compared their distribution with our preliminary predictions. We found good agreement between the preliminary predictions and the subsequent collections, regardless of the fact that additional specimens were deliberately sought from areas most likely to reveal inconsistencies. Final predicted distributions describe widespread distribution of A.quadrimaculatus throughout the eastern United States. A. maverlius and A. smaragdinus have similar predicted ranges limited to the southeastern United States. The predicted ranges of the sister taxa A. diluvialis and A. inundatus were similar to one another along the southeastern coast even though they seem to be allopatric. The historical role of A. quadrimaculatus s.l. in transmission of malaria was also examined. We conclude that A. quadrimaculatus s.s. was the only species of the complex capable of vectoring malaria in the United States throughout the area in which malaria occurred. However, any or all the members of the complex may have been regionally important, particularly in areas of most intense transmission.
Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake

This article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation techniques are divided into two general methods: kinematic- and composite-fault models. Green's functions of three types are evaluated: stochastic, empirical, and theoretical. A hybrid scheme is found to give the best fit to the Northridge data. Low frequencies ( 1 Hz) are calculated using a composite-fault model with a fractal subevent size distribution and stochastic, bandlimited, white-noise Green's functions. At frequencies below 1 Hz, theoretical elastic-wave-propagation synthetics introduce proper seismic-phase arrivals of body waves and surface waves. The 3D velocity structure more accurately reproduces record durations for the deep sedimentary basin structures found in the Los Angeles region. At frequencies above 1 Hz, scattering effects become important and wave propagation is more accurately represented by stochastic Green's functions. A fractal subevent size distribution for the composite fault model ensures an ω−2 spectral shape over the entire frequency band considered (0.1-20 Hz).
Inhibitory effect of neuropeptide Y on adrenergic and cholinergic transmission in rat urinary bladder and urethra

The effects of porcine neuropeptide Y (NPY) on electrically evoked release of [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) and [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) were investigated in isolated preparations of the rat lower urinary tract. In the urethra, NPY (0.02-0.5 microM) decreased the release of [3H]NE in a dose-dependent manner (10-53%). In the bladder base the inhibitory effect of NPY on [3H]NE release was not dose dependent. A low concentration (0.1 microM) decreased the release (38%), whereas a high concentration (0.5 microM) had no effect. However, in atropine-treated preparations, 0.5 microM NPY elicited a significant inhibition (43%). These observations suggest that 0.5 microM NPY elicits two opposing actions: a direct inhibitory action on adrenergic terminals and an indirect disinhibitory action to eliminate heterosynaptic cholinergic inhibition of [3H]NE release. In both tissues the action of NPY on [3H]NE release was not significantly modified by the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent yohimbine (1 microM). [3H]ACh release in the bladder body was not altered by 0.1 microM NPY but was suppressed (39%) by 1 microM NPY. The effect of NPY (1 microM) on [3H]ACh release was dependent on the frequency of stimulation. NPY suppressed the release at 2-Hz stimulation but had no significant effect at 20 Hz. These results suggest that NPY may have an important role in the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract by exerting differential effects on the release of cholinergic and adrenergic transmitters via autoinhibition and heterosynaptic interactions.
Concurrent use of antidepressants and propranolol: Case report and theoretical considerations

The therapeutic indications for propranolol have been steadily increasing in recent years. Propranolol and other beta-adrenergic blocking agents are now generally acknowledged to be helpful in the management of hypertension, certain cardiac arrhythmias, migraine, essential tremor, angina pectoris, and most recently, immediately after myocardial infarction (Frishman, 1981; Norwegian Multicenter Study Group, 1982). Because of the myriad clinical settings in which propranolol has been found to be of benefit, the interactions of these drugs with other commonly utilized pharmacological agents is of great pragmatic interest. In this report we describe the successful concomitant clinical use of propranolol and an antidepressant drug. This finding is also of interest because of recent theories concerning the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Because propranolol readily penetrates into the CNS, it blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in both the periphery and the CNS (Weiner, 1980). Much attention has been focused recently on the effects of long-term antidepressant therapy on central beta-adrenergic receptors in the brain as a possible mechanism of action of these drugs. The concurrent use of propranolol and an antidepressant drug in the patient described in this report did not attenuate the therapeutic effects of the antidepressant.
ALIGNMENT OF Na 3P 2 P 3/2 PRODUCED IN NaKr OPTICAL COLLISIONS

Atomic or molecular state distributions produced in optical collisions serve as a unique probe of the collision dynamics. In an optical collision, light of a frequency not resonant with transitions of any colliding species is absorbed during the course of the collision. The light is normally detuned an amount Δ from an allowed transition. The product state distributions produced generally depend strongly on Δ, both through the Δ dependence of the optically excited (dissociating) molecular states produced and through the nonadiabatic dynamics of the subsequent dissociation.
Aqueous Stability of Alkali Superionic Conductors from First-Principles Calculations

Ceramic alkali superionic conductor solid electrolytes (SICEs) play a prominent role in the development of rechargeable alkali-ion batteries, ranging from replacement of organic electrolytes to being used as separators in aqueous batteries. The aqueous stability of SICEs is an important property in determining their applicability in various roles. In this work, we analyze the aqueous stability of twelve well-known Li-ion and Na-ion SICEs using Pourbaix diagrams constructed from first principles calculations. We also introduce a quantitative free energy measure to compare the aqueous stability of SICEs under different environments. Our results show that though oxides are in general more stable in aqueous environments than sulfides and halide-containing chemistries, the cations present play a crucial role in determining whether solid phases are formed within the voltage and pH ranges of interest.
Some Issues of Classified Protection Testing and Evaluating for Power Information Systems

This paper summarizes classified protection testing and evaluating for power information systems, specifically points out that as a kind of important power information system, the classified protection testing and evaluation methods for power production control power information systems are different from those applied to power management information systems. Some notable issues involved in classified protection testing and evaluation methods for production control power information systems are put forward, meanwhile some suggestions for further continuously improving testing and evaluation capacity for power production control power information systems are given.
Hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy.

The risk of hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy is variable, and most estimates come from single institutional studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of hypothyroidism at the population level, and to evaluate predictive factors for hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy. This retrospective study identified euthyroid patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy between 2000 and 2010 for benign disease in Kaiser Permanente Southern California regional hospitals. The incidence of hypothyroidism [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels >4 μIU/ml] was analyzed. The independent effect of age-quartile, gender, race, thyroiditis, and preoperative TSH level on the development of hypothyroidism was evaluated. Of 1,240 euthyroid patients identified, 417 (34 %) developed hypothyroidism, and 314 (25 % of total group) needed levothyroxine. Hypothyroidism was more common in age-quartile 2 (32 %), age-quartile 3 (37 %), and age-quartile 4 (42 %) than in age-quartile 1 (25 %) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.76, p = 0.002; age-quartile 4 compared to age-quartile 1]. Hypothyroidism was more frequent with increasing preoperative TSH levels 36, 72, and 92 % in patients with TSH levels of 1.0–2, 2.01–3, and 3.01–4 μIU/ml, respectively, compared to 17 % in those with TSH levels <1 μIU/ml [adjusted OR = 45.1; 95 % CI 13.5–151, p < 0.0001; 3.01–4 μIU/ml compared to <1 μIU/ml]. Thyroiditis was also an independent predictor of hypothyroidism. About one third of euthyroid patients who undergo hemithyroidectomy develop hypothyroidism. The most significant predictor is the preoperative TSH level, with an approximate doubling of risk for each 1 unit of TSH increase over 1 μIU/ml. Our categorical scale is simple and allows for easy recall when counseling patients preoperatively.
Longitudinal tear of the biceps brachii from peripheral intravenous catheter infiltration.

BACKGROUND: although peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) infiltration is a frequent hospital occurrence, muscle rupture is a previously unknown complication of line infiltration. We present the case of a 21-year-old male with a history of cystic fibrosis, bilateral lung transplant, and chronic corticosteroid use, with longitudinal tear of the biceps brachii muscle as a complication of PIV infiltration. METHODS: case report describing a unique case of a longitudinal tear of the biceps brachii. RESULTS: magnetic resonance imaging revealed longitudinal tear of the biceps brachii with sparing of the proximal and distal tendons. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography revealed bicipital denervation, most likely due to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION: we hypothesize that the patient's chronic corticosteroid use predisposed him to muscle injury, as did basilic vein thrombosis caused by PIV infiltration, and this combination of factors led to bicipital rupture. To our knowledge, this is also the first case report to document longitudinal tear of the biceps brachii with sparing of the distal and proximal tendinous insertions of the muscle.
Random sets of multiplicity for trigonometric series (Kahane & M 1965)

Consider a trigonometric series that converges towards zero outside of a set E. Cantor posed the problem of determining whether it necessarily follows that this series also converges towards zero on E. When the answer is positive, E is called a set of unicity; when it is negative, a set of multiplicity. Basic references are Zygmund 1959, Chapter IX, or Kahane & Salem 1963, Chapter V. Cantor’s set theory was born out of this difficult problem. The aim of the present text is to show that a new example of a random set of multiplicity is provided by a set that plays an important role in certain models of statistical physics (M 1967b{N10}).
Outdoor orientation programs: a critical review of program impacts on retention and graduation.

Outdoor orientation programs have a growing literature demonstrating positive impacts with students transitioning to college (Bell, Gass, Nafizer, & Starbuck, 2014). One of the most valued outcomes for colleges and universities is retention of students until successful graduation. This is an outcome few outdoor orientation researchers have studied, but one that many programs claim to influence. This paper provides an overview of the literature of outdoor orientation programs retention studies, with specific attention placed on selection bias. This study used a control group (randomized selection), a convenience group (nonparticipants), and a comparison group (matched by covariates) to assess the differences in retention outcomes. Findings indicate (a) similarities between sampling through random selection and covariate matching, but not by convenience sampling and (b) generally positive retention results for participation in outdoor orientation programs, including small effect sizes for retention (OR = 1.91–2.38) and graduation (OR = 1.07–1.81), but few statistically significant results (p < .05).
Robust Model Reference Control for Distributed Parameter Systems

Abstract Most of the model reference adaptive control techniques today are single-input/single-output based. In the multi-input/multi-output context, the assumptions are usually very strong. In this paper, we concentrate on a scheme, multivariate model reference adaptive controller with command generator tracker, based on a different set of assumptions. This method was originally proposed for large-scaled, finite-dimensional systems. It was later modified to apply to systems with state space that is an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The set of required assumptions, the command generator tracker condition and the closed-loop positive realness, are frequently satisfied by structural systems with colocated sensors and actuators. Therefore, this method appears to be a useful tool in the controller design for structural systems. Because the physical reality always deviates from the nominal mathematical model, it is the intent of this paper to investigate the robustness property of this adaptive controller in the presence of unmodelled dynamics, parameter perturbation and bounded state and output disturbances. It is shown that the stability property is maintained under sufficiently small perturbations.
From Alliance to Dissonance: Two Centuries of Local Archaeology and Conservation in Indian Cities. The Case of Lucknow, India

The fields of archaeology and conservation in India have developed over nearly two centuries of political and administrative changes spanning Nawabi, Colonial (first through the British East India Company, and then the British Crown)‚ and independent Indian rules. These administrative changes have impacted how central, provincial (now state)‚ and local governments interact with each other in the context of cultural heritage, archaeology‚ and conservation. This chapter examines these changes in the context of the city of Lucknow, to illustrate how central, provincial/state‚ and local systems that administer archaeological and conservation activity have evolved over time: from the original cooperative alliances between central, state‚ and local governments, to the dissociative models that exist today. This chapter examines first‚ the modest origins of the fields of archaeology and conservation‚ and second‚ the formal administrative and legislative frameworks that developed in the mid-nineteenth century that eventually allowed for cooperative frameworks to be established among central, state‚ and local governments, thus laying the foundation for early conservation and archaeological efforts. By the mid-twentieth century, however, those frameworks were lost, and have led to dissonant administration of heritage, archaeology‚ and conservation-related issues that arise in Indian cities today, exemplified by the 2010 example of Hazratganj, in the north Indian city of Lucknow. This chapter illustrates why historic Indian cities need local frameworks to oversee and enforce proper management and administration of historical and archaeological resources encountered during construction activity in rapidly developing Indian cities.
Diabetic Foot Infections: Microbiology and Antibiotic Therapy

Infections of the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus comprise a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions. Peripheral neuropathy is the most important predisposing factor. Also important in many patients are impaired circulation and poor glucose control. Staphylococcus aureus and the beta-hemolytic streptococci are the main pathogens. Gram-negatives and anaerobes assume a greater role in the presence of chronic ulcerations and severe peripheral vascular disease. Osteomyelitis is more likely when the ulceration can be probed to the bone and when the ulcer is long-standing. MRI is the best imaging modality for confirming a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Culture of bone obtained in the absence of antibiotic therapy is helpful in determining the microbiology and hence the therapeutic regimen. Whether the therapy is given orally or intravenously should be determined by the microbiology, the extent of the infection, and the general condition of the patient. Adjunctive surgical therapies are essential to a successful outcome in patients with necrotic tissue, dead bone, or impaired circulation. Duration of antibiotic therapy can be as short as 7 days for patients with superficial soft tissue infections and as long as 3 or 4 months in selected patients with advanced osteomyelitis.
G357(P) Primary care perspectives on integrated care for children: A survey

Aims To evaluate primary care attitudes towards integrated child health in a rural area served by a district general hospital in light of the recommendations in the ‘Facing the Future Together for Child Health’ document Methods A printed survey proforma was sent to the safeguarding leads at all practices (n=26) which typically refer to a rural district hospital. Responses were collated and evaluated by the team. The response rate was 21/26 (80%). Results 5/21 (24%) GPs reported not using an existing telephone advice line, and several commented they were unaware of this service. While all but one GP had used the Early Access Clinic, four (19%) were unsure about the referral criteria or process. Only three practices were aware of the role of the community paediatric nurses. Although a local pathway covering primary and secondary care exists for diarrhoea and vomiting, none of the respondents were aware of this. 15/21 (71%) expressed interest in accessing hospital patient information leaflets. 10/21 respondents reported staff from their practice would be interested in spending time on the Paediatric Assessment Unit and there was interest in more education for primary care professionals about paediatric topics. However only 8/21 (38%) of practices reported staff would be interested in attending ‘in-reach’ clinics at the hospital and only 7/21 (33%) would be interested in hosting paediatric ‘outreach’ clinics run by paediatricians. Conclusions There was a lack of awareness about currently available paediatric services among primary care practitioners. Integrated care could be facilitated by increasing awareness of existing services as well as by developing new services. Although this was a small localised survey and some opportunities to develop integrated care were identified, there may be challenges in fully implementing the recommendations of ‘Facing the Future Together for Child Health’. Successful development of integrated care will require collaboration between colleagues in both primary and secondary care, and an appreciation of each other’s perspectives. Using a paper survey allowed for additional insights to be obtained in the form of unsolicited comments in the margin.
Historical Trends in the Diagnosis of Peduncular Hallucinosis.

Background Peduncular hallucinosis (PH) describes the clinical syndrome of vivid, dream-like visual hallucinations that intrude on normal wakefulness. Additional clinical deficits, especially ophthalmoparesis, have historically been an important part of the diagnosis and localization of this syndrome. We examined how modern neuroimaging has impacted the diagnosis of PH. Methods We reviewed all available cases of PH, including 3 of ours and all previously reported in the literature. We determined whether other eye movement abnormalities were part of the clinical presentation and whether a neuroimaging study was performed to make the diagnosis. Results A total of 85 cases were identified and evaluated. Eye movement abnormalities were present in 12/15 (80%) without a neuroimaging study but in only 24/70 (34%) of cases in which a neuroimaging study was performed (P = 0.001). Conclusions Although eye movement abnormalities historically have been considered a key localizing clinical feature supporting the diagnosis of PH, we found that in the era of modern neuroimaging, co-occurring eye movement abnormalities are far less frequent and are not a requisite feature of the diagnosis.
High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGb1): Current Wisdom and Advancement as a Potential Drug Target

High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1) protein, a nuclear non-histone protein that is released or secreted from the cell in response to damage or stress, is a sentinel for the immune system that plays a critical role in cell survival/death pathways. This review highlights key features of the endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, HMGb1 in the innate inflammatory response along with various cofactors and receptors that regulate its downstream effects. The evidence demonstrating increased levels of HMGb1 in human inflammatory diseases and conditions is presented, along with a summary of current small molecule or peptide-like antagonists proven to specifically target HMGb1. Additionally, we delineate the measures needed toward validating this protein as a clinically relevant biomarker or bioindicator and as a relevant drug target.
Abstract MP78: Long-term Antibiotic Use and Risks of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among Women: Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Antibiotic exposure is associated with a long-lasting alteration in gut microbiota, and may be related to subsequent major chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer....
Pediatricians' and social workers' knowledge and opinions of Florida's religious immunity laws.

BACKGROUND: Florida laws grant exemption from prosecution to parents who choose spiritual healing rather than conventional medical therapy for their children. Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement supporting repeal of such laws, we believe pediatricians are not aware of existing statutes. METHODS: A survey to assess understanding of Florida's religious exemption laws was distributed to pediatric house staff, faculty, and clinical social workers at a large teaching hospital and to community pediatricians in private practice. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of respondents were unaware of Florida statutes, and physicians were significantly less knowledgeable than social workers. Of those who understood the statutes, 92% believed physicians should overrule parents' decisions. Significantly more social workers than physicians believed that parents should be prosecuted for child abuse or neglect when medical treatment is withheld for religious reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Further education of pediatric health care workers is required before repeal of these laws will become a priority for legislators. Language: en
Searching large-scale image collections

Searching quickly and accurately in a large collection of images has become an increasingly important problem. The ultimate goal is to make visual search possible: allow users to search using images in addition to typing text. The typical approach is to index all the images of interest (e.g., images of landmarks, books, or DVDs) in a database and let users question the system with query images. Such a database can reach billions of images, and this poses challenges in terms of memory and computational requirements and recognition performance. In this work we provide an in depth study of systems used for searching large-scale image collections. Specifically, we provide a thorough comparison of the two leading image search approaches: Full Representation (FR) vs. Bag of Words (BoW). We derive theoretical estimates of how the memory and computational cost scale with the number of images in the database, and empirically evaluate the performance and run time on four real-world datasets. Our experiments suggest that FR provides better recognition performance than BoW, though it requires more memory. Therefore, we address these shortcomings by presenting novel methods that increase the recognition performance of BoW and decrease the memory requirements of FR. Finally, we present a novel way to parallelize FR on multiple machines and scale up database sizes to 100 million images with interactive run time.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO PRODUCIBILITY AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR NAVAL SHIPBUILDING

Producibility refers to the lowering of the acquisition costs of a system without degradation to system performance. The Navy has conducted many efforts in pursuit of improved ship producibility, but no systematic methodology or study format is currently implemented in Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Two factors suggesting that a standard, systematic approach to ship producibility should be implemented are the large size of the NAVSEA design organizaton with its myriad of ship programs, and the requirement of access and manipulation of large volumes of digital data and process documentation. A "Producibility Framework" is offered that models producibility in the ship design and construction process as an iterative algorithm in which producibility concepts are identified, evaluated, incorporated into or rejected from the design, and examined to provide lessons learned and feedback. The framework is described, using the DDG-51 Guided Missile Destroyer as the major illustrative case.
Non-Ergodic Alternating Proximal Augmented Lagrangian Algorithms with Optimal Rates

We develop novel non-ergodic alternating proximal augmented Lagrangian algorithms (NAPALA) to solve nonsmooth constrained convex optimization problems. Our approach relies on a novel combination of the augmented Lagrangian framework, partial alternating/linearization scheme, Nesterov's acceleration techniques, and homotopy strategies. Our algorithms have several new features compared to existing primal-dual methods. First, they have a Nesterov's acceleration step on the primal variables compared to the dual one in several existing methods. Second, they have an optimal O(1/k)-rate in non-ergodic sense without any smoothness or strong convexity-type assumption, where k is the iteration counter. Third, all the parameters are updated explicitly without heuristic tuning. Finally, they have O(1/k2)-ergodic or non-ergodic rate if one objective term is strongly convex while the problem remains nonstrongly convex. We verify our theoretical development via different numerical examples and compare our methods with some existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Accurate and Reproducible Diagnosis of Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma Using Mass Spectrometry: A Step in the Right Direction.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Saudemont et al. describe the real-time ex vivo molecular diagnosis and histologic subtyping of canine soft tissue sarcomas using SpiderMass, a technology using water-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In the future, SpiderMass has the potential to aid in diagnosis and intraoperative margin assessment.
Management of Large Glenoid Defects: Bone Grafts and Augmented Components

As experience has grown with shoulder arthroplasty and as shoulder arthroplasty has come to be performed in an increasing number of patients, the number of procedures performed in patients with large glenoid bone defects has increased. Performing a shoulder arthroplasty in a patient with a large glenoid bone defect requires a detailed preoperative understanding of the extent and morphology of both the defect and the underlying remaining bone stock. This can then be used to compare among options such as bone grafting and augmented components to create a plan to optimize component position, stability, and longevity. Intraoperatively, exposure of the defect and the periarticular landmarks is crucial to translate the preoperative plan. Execution of this plan can be technically challenging, and backup options and secondary plans are a necessity. These procedures are technically challenging, the complication rate is high, and the results are inferior to shoulder arthroplasty performed in the setting of normal glenoid bone. However, these procedures still lead to significant improvements in pain and function as compared preoperatively, and most patients are satisfied with the outcome if appropriately counseled preoperatively.
El fracaso de Latinoamérica

America Latina es una civilizacion fracasada o fallida, si la comparamos con las civilizaciones china o india, que han permanecido con su particular idiosincrasia durante siglos y hoy continuan teniendo una fisonomia identitaria reconocible y un desarrollo demografico y economico que va en alza. El fracaso y la diferencia con civilizaciones asentadas se ha visto sobre todo desde el termino de la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta ahora, y puede observarse en siete temas fundamentales: la cuestion de la colonialidad, el papel de los Estados Unidos, el catolicismo, el Barroco como significante cultural de America Latina, el socialismo, el Estado-nacion y la comunidad hispana o latina en los Estados Unidos.