cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P273: Enhancing Documentation and Control of Lipids in a University-Based Cardiology Clinic

Background: Non-compliance with laboratory appointments, separate from clinic visit appointments, for measuring fasting cholesterol may hinder documentation and control of patients’ lipids. Methods: A university-based cardiologist’s clinic notes, from a single year (yr 1), when patients were asked to have a fasting cholesterol a week prior to the clinic visit, were analyzed (100 patients). The poor compliance prompted a same day as the clinic visit measurement (fasting or non-fasting) of lipids, for patients who could not comply with their laboratory appointment, during the following year (yr 2; 130 patients). Lipid values were managed by a subsequent call to the patient. All patients had coronary artery disease or risk equivalent mandating LDL levels < 100 mg/dL. Results: In yr 1, 62% (62/100) of patients had documented lipid profiles compared to 83% (108/130) of patients in yr 2. The average LDL in yr 1 was 115 +/- 36 mg/dL compared with 96 +/- 31 mg/dL in yr 2 (P < 0.01). Only 22% of the patients in yr...
Gas-liquid chromatography in pharmacology and toxicology: Pharmacokinetic analysis limited by the sensitivity of the analytical technique

Abstract A survey is given conserving the possibility of gas-chromatographic analysis of drugs. Attention is paid to the plasma concentration curve, biological half-life and multicompartment kinetics.
Survey for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin in U.S. grain sorghum from 1975 and 1976 crops

Grain sorghum samples (197) from 10 [USA] states harvested in 1975 and 1976 were analyzed for zearalenone, aflatoxin and ochratoxin by the Eppley procedure. Zearalenone was detected in 56 samples (28%) at levels of 200-6900 ng/g (the detection limit was 100-200 ng/g). Zearalenone identity was confirmed in representative samples by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. No ochratoxin was detected in any sample (the detection limit was about 50 ng/g). Aflatoxin was detected in 4 samples at levels of 54, 6, 10 and 7 ng total aflatoxin g (the detection limit was approximately 3 ng/g). The identity of aflatoxin B1 in the samples was confirmed by formation of the water adduct on TLC plates.
Commentary on "The Theory of the Fluctuations in Brightness of the Milky Way. V" by S. Chandrasekhar and G. Munch (1952)

The series of papers by Chandrasekhar and Munch in the 1950s were concerned with the use of statistical models to infer the properties of interstellar clouds based on the observed spatial brightness fluctuations of the Milky Way. The present paper summarizes the subsequent influence of this work, concentrating on the departure from their earlier discrete cloud model to a continuous stochastic model in Paper V of the series. The contrast between the two models anticipated and parallels current tensions in the interpretation of interstellar structure, as well as intergalactic Lyman alpha clouds. The case of interstellar structure is discussed in some detail. Implications concerning the reification of models and the ability of scientific abstraction to model complex phenomena are also briefly discussed.
Specific heat measurements of – mixture films

Abstract We report specific heat measurements from our on-going experiments on two-dimensional liquid 3 He on superfluid 4 He films. The 3 He coverage dependence of the specific heat was measured for 0.02–0.96 bulk-density layer of 3 He on 4.33 bulk-density layer of 4 He over the temperature range 85⩽T⩽170 mK . We derived two Fermi liquid parameters F1s and F0a as a function of 3 He coverage from the data and by comparison to previous NMR data. These values are compared with those obtained from 3 He on other substrates and with theoretical calculations.
Young Fathers: An Analysis of Risk Behaviors and Service Needs

One hundred and twenty eight young fathers participated in an assessment of risk behaviors and service needs prior to entering a program for young fathers. Of this group, 73% were unemployed, 69% were school drop-outs, almost 40% had substance abuse problems, close to 30% had committed a felony, and less than half had declared paternity for their children. The majority of these young fathers desired employment services and educational/vocational training. Despite their risk behaviors, young fathers did not want substance abuse counseling, child support services, or help in obtaining a GED. There appears to be a discrepancy between the problems and needs, and the services which these young fathers requested. Many young fathers believed employment would be a panacea to all their problems. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to examining these issues in programs targeting young fathers. Services such as preventive health and mental health should be considered prior to the final goals of employment and establishment of paternity.
Coil embolization of a coronary artery to left ventricular fistula using detachable coils

Coronary artery fistulas are rare congenital anomalies noted during coronary angiography of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Percutaneous treatment options have been described previously in case series of varying size. We present the successful percutaneous coil embolization using electrically detachable coils of a symptomatic combined distal left anterior descending artery fistula and distal right coronary artery fistula that join to form a single drainage into the left ventricle. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rate constants for hydrogen abstraction reactions of the sulfate radical, SO4−. Alcohols

Rate constants have been determined for the reactions of SO4− with a series of alcohols, including hydrated formaldehyde. The SO4− radical was produced by the laser-flash photolysis of persulfate, S2O82−. Rate constants for the reactions of SO4− with alcohols range from 1.0 × 107 for methanol to 3.4 × 108 M−1 s−1 for 1-octanol. Rate constants for the reactions of SO4− with deuterated methanol and ethanol are lower by about a factor of 2.5. For methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol, the temperature dependence of the rate constant was determined over the range 10–45°C.
Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: implications for novel therapies

HDL metabolism represents a major target for the development of therapies intended to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. HDL metabolism is complex and involves dissociation of HDL apolipoprotein and HDL cholesterol metabolism. Advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of HDL metabolism, macrophage cholesterol efflux, and HDL function will lead to a variety of novel therapeutics.
The Introduction, Adoption and Implementation of Russia's “Northern Strategic Bastion” Concept, 1992–1999

Up to the late 1980s, the European Arctic was among the most heavily militarized regions in the world. After the end of the Cold War, however, the Russian Northern Fleet, based on the remote Kola Peninsula, went into a state of crisis and decay. Investments dried up and there was little political will to modernize the country's sea-based nuclear deterrence forces. But centrally placed actors in the Defense Ministry, the General Staff and the Military-Industrial Complex wanted to revitalize the once powerful and feared nuclear fleet. First Deputy Defense Minister (1992–1997) Andrei Kokoshin wrote a secret concept on how to create a new “Strategic Bastion” in the North. This article discusses the concept's background, content, and consequences.
Phosphorylation and methylation of chromatin proteins from mouse brain nuclei.

— Chromatin protein kinase and histone methyltransferase are present in two nuclear populations, neuronal and oligodendroglial. At least 30% of the enzymes are tightly bound to chromatin. The specific activities of both enzymes are higher in neuronal populations than in oligodendroglial. Protein kinase from these nuclear populations phosphorylates endogenous protein; however, the methyltransferase requires exogenous histone as substrate. The methyltransferase from both nuclear populations preferentially methylates lysine-rich histone.
Total ionized serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Twenty-one patients with severe coccidioidomycosis, including eight with osseous lesions, were admitted to the University of California, Davis, Medical Center, during a recent epidemic. Transient mild ionized hypercalcemia occurred in only two patients, and a tendency toward low normal ionized calciums was noted. Parathyroid hormone levels appeared to be appropriate for the ionized calcium in these patients. There were no significant differences in ionized calcium levels of parathyroid hormone levels among patients with and without osseous coccidioidomycosis. We conclude that hypercalcemia is rare in coccidioidomycosis, even with extensive bony involvement.
Synthetic radio maps of CME-driven shocks below 4 solar radii heliocentric distance

[1] We present 2 1/2 D numerical MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in conjunction with plasma simulations of radio emission from the CME-driven shocks. The CME-driven shock extends to an almost spherical shape during the temporal evolution of the CME. Our plasma simulations can reproduce the dynamic spectra of coronal type II radio bursts, with the frequency drift rates corresponding to the shock speeds. We find further, that the CME-driven shock is an effective radio emitter at metric wavelengths, when the CME has reached a heliocentric distance of about two solar radii (). We apply our simulation results to explain the radio images of type II bursts obtained by radio heliographs, in particular to the banana-shaped images of radio sources associated with fast CMEs.
Does Bethesda Category Predict Aggressive Features in Malignant Thyroid Nodules

Background It has been speculated that the Bethesda Classification System for thyroid fine-needle aspirate (FNA) may be used to predict aggressive features among histologically proven malignancies. We sought to evaluate whether malignancies that were characterized as Bethesda category V or VI have more aggressive features than malignancies that were category III or IV.
Internal layers of parabolic singularly perturbed problems

The aim of this work is to show, through analyzing some incorrect results in the literature, (i) the internal layer structure is not so predictable for the linear parabolic differential equations with constant coefficients; and (ii) the location of the viscous shock of Burgers' equation in the quarter plane depends on the viscosity, but not in the half plane. Our methods are based on asymptotics of integrals together with special functions to unveil these distinguished features. Contrary to the exponential function as the sole building block of boundary layer functions for differential equations and partial differential equations near the outflow boundary, the class of the complementary error function and its iterated integrals becomes fundamental in this investigation.
Dexmedetomidine: A Novel Analgesic with Palliative Medicine Potential

Dexmedetomidine has gained popularity in anesthesia and critical care for use in deep sedation and analgesia due to a combination of its efficacy and safety compared with other available agents (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol) conventionally used in these settings. This brief review is meant to introduce this unique agent to the palliative care field, as dexmedetomidine may hold promise for patients in hospice and palliative care settings whose symptoms are refractory to usual therapies. [Be sure to be clear in the abstract that more studies are warranted and its role is not well defined and is complicated by significant drug interactions, invasive i.v. route and has a significant side effect profile.]
Sequential protein adsorption and thrombus deposition on polymeric biomaterials

Abstract A canine ex vivo arteriovenous shunt model was employed to investigate the effect of preadsorbed blood plasma proteins upon platelet deposition. Albumin and fibrinogen were singly, sequentially, or competitively adsorbed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and crosslinked silicone rubber (SR) tubing. Results indicate that platelet deposition and thrombus formation are strongly influenced by the sequence of protein adsorption. The platelet response appears to be determined by the first protein which is preadsorbed to the surface. This response does not appear to correlate well with the total amount of preadsorbed albumin or fibrinogen. To clarify how the sequence of protein adsorption affected the blood response, the sequential adsorption phenomenon was studied using 125I-labeled proteins, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and immunogold particle labeling techniques. It was observed that in the sequential adsorption of albumin followed by fibrinogen, there is a linear correlation between the surface concentrations of fibrinogen and albumin on PVC. On PE and SR, a linear correlation between the fibrinogen and albumin concentrations exists only below a monolayer coverage of albumin. On SR, the initial fibrinogen adsorption rate correlates linearly with the submonolayer concentration of adsorbed albumin. When fibrinogen adsorption is followed by albumin adsorption, no linear correlations in protein adsorption are observed.
Postnatal development of NR1, NR2A and NR2B immunoreactivity in the visual cortex of the rat

Abstract N -Methyl- d -aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critically involved in some types of synaptic plasticity. The NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B are developmentally regulated, and it has been proposed that developmental changes in their expression may underlie developmental changes in cortical plasticity. Age-dependent change in cortical plasticity is most commonly measured by the monocular deprivation effect, which occurs during a critical period between P22 and P50 in the rat. Although the development of NMDAR subunits has been studied from birth through the fourth postnatal week, there is only meager information from older ages when visual plasticity ends. We hypothesized that there will be significant age-dependent change in expression of NR1, NR2A or NR2B between P22, when the cortex is plastic, and P90, when it is not. We applied specific antibodies recognizing NR1, NR2A and NR2B to the primary visual cortex at P14, P22, P30, P45 and P90. We found age-dependent changes in NR1-IR that were negatively correlated with changes in NR2A-IR; these subunits are not regulated in unison. In contrast, NR2A-IR and NR2B-IR were positively correlated. NR2A-IR and NR2B-IR both passed through a developmental minimum around P45, then recovered to approximately their P22 level. NR1-IR passed through a maximum at P45. There were no significant differences between P22 and P90. These results do not support the simple hypothesis that the loss of plasticity corresponds to a simple transition from juvenile levels of NMDAR subunit proteins to new adult levels. On the other hand, the results do confirm the hypothesis that there are significant changes in processing of NMDAR proteins during the time that plasticity is lost. How these changes of IR relate to synaptic transmission and plasticity needs to be clarified.
Simple method to estimate the seismic nonlinear response of nonstructural components in buildings

Abstract An approximate method is proposed to estimate the seismic response of nonlinear nonstructural components attached to nonlinear building structures. The method is based on a previously developed procedure for the analysis of linear secondary systems mounted on a linear primary structure, the introduction of simplifying assumptions similar to those made in the derivation of the equivalent lateral force procedure for the seismic analysis of conventional buildings, and the use of strength reduction factors to account for the nonlinear behaviour of nonstructural components and supporting structure. Its application to any given nonstructural component only requires knowing the geometric characteristics, weights, and target ductilities of the nonstructural component and the structure to which it is connected, in addition to the fundamental natural period of the structure and the elastic response spectrum specified for the design of the structure. Presented also are a numerical example that illustrates the application of the method and the results of a comparative numerical study that is carried out to assess the method’s adequacy. Based on its simplicity and rationality and the results from the comparative study, it is concluded that the proposed method represents a simple but effective procedure for the seismic design of nonstructural components in buildings.
Species-specific ant brain manipulation by a specialized fungal parasite

A compelling demonstration of adaptation by natural selection is the ability of parasites to manipulate host behavior. One dramatic example involves fungal species from the genus Ophiocordyceps that control their ant hosts by inducing a biting behavior. Intensive sampling across the globe of ants that died after being manipulated by Ophiocordyceps suggests that this phenomenon is highly species-specific. We advance our understanding of this system by reconstructing host manipulation by Ophiocordyceps parasites under controlled laboratory conditions and combining this with field observations of infection rates and a metabolomics survey. We report on a newly discovered species of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato from North America that we use to address the species-specificity of Ophiocordyceps-induced manipulation of ant behavior. We show that the fungus can kill all ant species tested, but only manipulates the behavior of those it infects in nature. To investigate if this could be explained at the molecular level, we used ex vivo culturing assays to measure the metabolites that are secreted by the fungus to mediate fungus-ant tissue interactions. We show the fungus reacts heterogeneously to brains of different ant species by secreting a different array of metabolites. By determining which ion peaks are significantly enriched when the fungus is grown alongside brains of its naturally occurring host, we discovered candidate compounds that could be involved in behavioral manipulation by O. unilateralis s.l.. Two of these candidates are known to be involved in neurological diseases and cancer. The integrative work presented here shows that ant brain manipulation by O. unilateralis s.l. is species-specific seemingly because the fungus produces a specific array of compounds as a reaction to the presence of the host brain it has evolved to manipulate. These studies have resulted in the discovery of candidate compounds involved in establishing behavioral manipulation by this specialized fungus and therefore represent a major advancement towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Amphiphilic networks. X. Diffusion of glucose and insulin (and nondiffusion of albumin) through amphiphilic membranes.

Select semipermeable amphiphilic membranes have been prepared and their diffusional characteristics for glucose, insulin, and albumin investigated. The membranes were prepared by cast copolymerization of a hydrophilic monomer (i.e., N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, or N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) with the hydrophobic crosslinker methacrylate-ditelechelic polyisobutylene. The products have sufficient mechanical properties for the fabrication of swollen membranes, sheets, tubes, etc. Membranes have been identified which allowed the rapid simultaneous countercurrent diffusion of glucose (Mn = 180 Da) and insulin (Mn = 5733 Da) but did not allow albumin (Mn approximately 60,000 Da) to pass. Evidently, the effective molecular weight cutoff point of these membranes is in the 6-60-KDa range.
Ischemic myocardial injury during coronary artery surgery

Abstract ECG's and serum levels of SGOT, LDH, and CPK were examined during the postoperative period in 50 patients with angina pectoris who had myocardial revascularization procedures. ECG signs of acute myocardial infarction appeared in 34 per cent and changes compatible with acute ischemic injury were seen in 10 per cent. Elevation of SGOT exceeding 90 units occurred in 32 per cent of 50 patients, and LDH levels over 900 units occurred in 24 per cent. In patients with ECG evidence of post-operative infarction or ischemia, 50 per cent had abnormal SGOT levels and 55 per cent had abnormal LDH levels. In 16 patients with SGOT levels exceeding 90 units, 69 per cent had ECG evidence of acute infarction or ischemia. Two patients died following surgery and acute myocardial infarction was demonstrated in both at autopsy. Relief of angina occurred in one patient who developed a myocardial infarct following internal mammary implantation. A follow-up angiogram revealed no effective communication of the implant with myocardial vessels. Acute myocardial infarction is a frequent complication of coronary artery surgery as determined by serial ECG's. In this study, approximately 50 per cent of these patients had diagnostic elevations of SGOT or LDH.
Theory of excitonic molecules in thallous halide: The role of electron-hole exchange interaction

Abstract A theoretical calculation which fully takes into account the electron-hole exchange effect is performed for the ground state energy of the excitonic molecule in thallous halides. It is found that the previous variational calculations are insufficient to obtain a stable formation of the excitonic molecule in these materials.
Laparoscopic splenectomy in childhood

Abstract The authors describe their technique for laparoscopic splenectomy in childhood. Five ports, including one 12-mm port for an endoscopic stapler, are placed. With the patient in the supine position, the short gastric vessels are divided between clips. The patients is then placed in the lateral decubitus position for mobilization of the splenic flexure of the colon, division of the posterolateral ligamentous attachments, and en masse transection of the splenic hilum using the EndoGIA stapler. The freed spleen is placed in a nylon reinforced Lap Sac, which is exteriorized at the neck. The spleen is morcellated and the sac removed. Concomitant cholecystectomy is performed in patients with hereditary spherocytosis who have cholelithiasis or sludge. The procedure has been performed without complications in six patients who had hematologic disorders. For another patient, the procedure was converted to an open splenectomy to achieve better hemostasis.
Multiple actinomycotic liver abscesses: MRI appearances with etiology suggested by abdominal radiography case report

Abstract The magnetic resonance imaging appearances of multiple actinomycotic liver abscesses are described. The abscesses appeared hypointense to liver parenchyma on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences with some surrounding edema. Following intravenous gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, the masses showed a thick enhancing rim but no central enhancement. Although no etiology was discovered in the initial clinical history, antecedent dental surgery was evident on abdominal radiography that depicted dental amalgam in the ascending colon.
Clinical laboratory analytics: Challenges and promise for an emerging discipline

The clinical laboratory is a major source of health care data. Increasingly these data are being integrated with other data to inform health system-wide actions meant to improve diagnostic test utilization, service efficiency, and "meaningful use." The Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists hosted a satellite meeting on clinical laboratory analytics in conjunction with their annual meeting on May 29, 2014 in San Francisco. There were 80 registrants for the clinical laboratory analytics meeting. The meeting featured short presentations on current trends in clinical laboratory analytics and several panel discussions on data science in laboratory medicine, laboratory data and its role in the larger healthcare system, integrating laboratory analytics, and data sharing for collaborative analytics. One main goal of meeting was to have an open forum of leaders that work with the "big data" clinical laboratories produce. This article summarizes the proceedings of the meeting and content discussed.
Aging, hypertension and physiological tremor: the contribution of the cardioballistic impulse to tremorgenesis in older adults

For older adults, an increase in physiological tremor is a common motor feature. This increase is believed to primarily reflect a general decline in function of the neuromuscular system. However, given that tremor is derived from a number of intrinsic sources, age-related changes in other physiological functions like the cardiac system may also negatively alter tremor output. The aim of this study was to examine what impact age and increased cardiac input (hypertension) have on physiological tremor. Heart rate, blood pressure, and postural/resting tremor were recorded in three groups; 1) young, healthy adults, 2) old, normotensive adults, and 3) old, hypertensive adults. The results demonstrated that the old hypertensive adults had greater postural tremor compared to the young healthy individuals. Coherence analysis revealed significant coupling between blood pressure-tremor and between heart rate-tremor for all individuals. The strength of this coupling was greatest for the older, hypertensive individuals. Together these results show that, for older adults, the combined effects of age and cardiac disease have the greatest impact on physiological tremor rather than any single factor alone.
On the laminar free convection and instability of grade fluids in enclosures

Abstract Free convection of rate fluids of the grade type in an inclined cavity of arbitrary aspect ratio is investigated in two dimensions by a regular perturbation in terms of the Grashof number. Fluids of grade N are assumed to be Fourier and Boussinesq fluids. We show that the series are asymptotic in character. Non-Newtonian effects appear at the third order of the analysis even though the Giesekus–Tanner theorem is not valid. The relative contributions of the elastic and shear rate dependent viscosity characteristics of the liquid to the non-Newtonian behavior are investigated through a parametric study, together with the dependence of the Nusselt number on the non-linear properties of the fluid. The effects of the aspect ratio and the inclination of the enclosure on the flow field and the heat transfer coefficient are also investigated. An interesting instability of the fluid of grade three with a negative first Rivlin–Ericksen constant triggered by elastic effects is identified and the implications concerning heat transfer characteristics are discussed.
p-wave size resonances observed by the (p, n) reaction for 2. 6- to 7-MeV protons incident on isotopes of Sn

The /sup 117//sub,//sup 118//sub,//sup 119//sub,//sup 120//sub,//sup 122//sub,//sup 124/Sn(p, n) cross sections were measured with approx. 100-keV resolution for 2.6- to 7-MeV protons with systematic uncertainties of less than +- 1%. An exact sequence of broad maxima in the strength functions is observed with the energies at the peaks ranging from 5.45 MeV for /sup 124/Sn to 6.15 MeV for /sup 117/Sn. These are interpreted in terms of the 3p quasibound proton state in the optical-model potential. Values of VR/sup 2/ for the real well at the resonance energies are determined unambiguously to +- 1% and range from 2120 MeV fm/sup 2/ for /sup 117/Sn to 2215 MeV fm/sup 2/ for /sup 124/Sn. For an assumed Woods-Saxon real-well geometry of radius 1.2A/sup 1///sup 3/ fm and diffuseness 0.73 fm, the volume integral per nucleon is 513 +- 1 MeV fm/sup 3/ at each resonant maximum. The isotopic sequence of resonances appears to be unrelated to the asymmetry potential. The volume integral per nucleon of the surface absorptive potential is 80 +- 4 MeV fm/sup 3/ and the diffuseness is 0.4 +- 0.1 fm, where the uncertainties include ambiguities in the other model parameters. Comparisons with scattering at higher energies give evidencemore » for an l dependence in both the real and absorptive potentials. Comparison with the neutron 3p size resonance near A = 100 is consistent with a 24-MeV asymmetry term in the real potential and a 15-MeV asymmetry term in the absorptive potential. Statistical model analyses of ..gamma..-ray and neutron emission from the compound nuclei suggest that the compound temperatures are about a factor of 2 higher than expected. Evidence is found for broad structures at 1 to 1.5 MeV excitation in /sup 118//sub,//sup 120/Sb. The Appendix includes an evaluation of levels below 2 MeV in /sup 117/Sb and /sup 119/Sb. (AIP)« less
Loss of electron-dense lamellar material from Fabry's disease fibroblasts after enzyme replacement

Cultured fibroblasts from a patient with Fabry's disease were treated with alpha-galactosidase A. The cells internalized the enzyme via a receptor-mediated transport system, resulting in the uptake of enzyme to 50% of the activity of normal cells. Following uptake of the enzyme and incubation for 9 days, a loss of electron-dense lamellar material within membrane-bound residual bodies was detected by electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs showed that the percentage volume of cytoplasm occupied by electron-dense lamellar material in Fabry's disease fibroblasts decreased to near normal after treatment with enzyme. These results indicate that the ultrastructural abnormalities of Fabry's disease cells can be corrected by enzyme replacement, at least in cultured fibroblasts.
Semiclassical non-concentration near hyperbolic orbits

For a large class of semiclassical pseudodifferential operators, including Schrodinger operators, P(h)=−h2Δg+V(x), on compact Riemannian manifolds, we give logarithmic lower bounds on the mass of eigenfunctions outside neighbourhoods of generic closed hyperbolic orbits. More precisely we show that if A is a pseudodifferential operator which is microlocally equal to the identity near the hyperbolic orbit and microlocally zero away from the orbit, then ‖u‖⩽C(log(1/h)/h)‖P(h)u‖+Clog(1/h)‖(I−A)u‖. This generalizes earlier estimates of Colin de Verdiere and Parisse [Y. Colin de Verdiere, B. Parisse, Equilibre instable en regime semi-classique: I – Concentration microlocale, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 19 (1994) 1535–1563; Equilibre instable en regime semi-classique: II – Conditions de Bohr–Sommerfeld, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Phys. Theor. 61 (1994) 347–367] obtained for a special case, and of Burq and Zworski [N. Burq, M. Zworski, Geometric control in the presence of a black box, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 17 (2004) 443–471] for real hyperbolic orbits.
Studies in the Cyperaceae of Thailand. II. Miscellaneous taxa of Fimbristylideae, Rhynchosporeae, Scirpeae and Sclerieae.

Seven Thai species of Cyperaceae are taxonomically discussed, and references are made to two related Vietnamese species. Described as new areEleocharis macrorrhiza,Fimbristylis parvilenta,F. subtricephala (from Vietnam) andSchoenus smitinandii. New combinations made areBolboschoenus maritimus subsp.affinis. Diplacrum exiguum (from Vietnam),Rhynchospora hirticeps andSchoenoplectus annamicus.
Foreign Language Grammar and Reflective Thinking

Author's summary.— This brief list of possibilities for discussing reflective thinking in foreign language classes in connection with necessary work, with application in and out of the immediate area of study, can no doubt be extended by others. It is meant to be suggestive. Such activities would justify the foreign language teacher in thinking that he contributes to teaching reflective thinking, even though this contribution may be slight by comparison with the possibilities in English. It would not be the sole justification for teaching foreign language, but it would be an added contribution, which is sometimes claimed but often not lived up to in foreign language classes.
The impact of maternal obesity on midtrimester sonographic visualization of fetal cardiac and craniospinal structures.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of maternal obesity on the rate of suboptimal ultrasound visualization (SUV) of fetal anatomy and determine the optimal timing of prenatal ultrasound examination for the obese gravida. METHODS: A computerized ultrasound database was used to identify ultrasound examinations for singleton gestations performed between 140/7 and 236/7 weeks at a tertiary care, university-based hospital. Patients were divided into four groups and categorized based on body mass index (BMI): nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2), class I obesity (30≤BMI<35 kg/m2), class II obesity (35≤BMI<40 kg/m2), and extreme obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2). The rates of SUV for fetal cardiac and craniospinal structures were calculated for each group and compared. RESULTS: A total of 11 019 pregnancies were studied, of which 38.6% of the patients were obese. Overall, the rate of SUV of the fetal structures was higher for obese compared to nonobese women for both cardiac (37.3 [1723/4200] vs 18.7% [1275/6819]; P<0.0001) and craniospinal structures (42.8 [1798/4200] vs 29.5% [2012/6819]; P<0.0001). Increased severity of maternal obesity was associated with SUV rate for both the cardiac (nonobese 18.7% [1275/6819], class I 29.6% [599/2022], class II 39.0% [472/1123], and extreme obesity 49.3% [580/1055]; P<0.0001) and for the craniospinal structures: (nonobese 29.5% [2012/6819], class I 36.8% [744/2022], class II 43.3% [486/1123], and extreme obesity 53.4% [563/1055]; P<0.0001). With increasing gestational age at examination, the rate of SUV decreased for both obese and nonobese women. However, for obese women there was minimal improvement in visualization after 18–20 weeks. Even after adjustment for gestational age and the type of ultrasound machine, obese women (class I, class II, and extreme obesity) were still associated with increased odds for SUV of the fetal cardiac and craniospinal structures compared to nonobese women. CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity increases the rate of SUV for the fetal cardiac structures by 49.8% and for the craniospinal structures by 31%. The optimal gestational age for visualization of fetal cardiac and craniospinal anatomy in obese patients may be after 18–20 weeks.
Ultracentrifugation systematically overestimates vesicular cholesterol levels in bile

To accurately determine the cholesterol (Ch) distribution between mixed micelles and vesicles in lithogenic bile, both ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography with the correct intermixed micellar/vesicular bile salt concentration (IMC) have been proposed. We have systematically compared both separation techniques with physiological model biles to ascertain their quantitative separation ability. After determination of optimal ultra-centrifugation conditions in systems containing only micelles or vesicles, Ch-supersaturated model biles [3-10 g/dL, 10 mol percent Ch, taurocholate (TC)]/([TC + egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC)] = 0.6 and 0.7) were adjusted to a density of 1.03 g/mL, and ultracentrifuged at 42,000 rpm and 37 degrees C for 13 hours. Identical model biles were subjected to gel chromatography with the correct IMC, either directly or after remixing and incubation at 37 degrees C after ultracentrifugation. By ultracentrifugation, 31 percent +/- 2 percent (TC/(TC + EYPC) = 0.6) and 40 percent +/- 5 percent (TC/(TC + EYPC) = 0.7) of total Ch were found in vesicles (Ch/EYPC molar ratios = 1.0 and 1.3, respectively). However, by gel chromatography, only 19 percent +/- 2 percent (Ch/EYPC = 1.0) and 22 percent +/- 2 percent (Ch/EYPC = 1.5) of total Ch were found in the corresponding biles. Gel chromatography of biles (TC/(TC + EYPC) = 0.7) ultracentrifuged for various durations showed a progressive increase in vesicular Ch to 41 percent after 13 hours. On incubation for 11.5 hours after ultracentrifugation, vesicular Ch decreased to 31 percent, thus approaching the initial (gel chromatography) value. Quasielastic light scattering also demonstrated formation of vesicles in ultracentrifuged Ch-unsaturated model bile (cholesterol saturation index (CSI) approximately 0.97). As compared with gel chromatography, ultracentrifugation systematically elevates vesicular Ch, possibly because of induced shifts in lipids between lipid aggregates caused by variation in local bile salt concentration. Because ultracentrifugation can alter the phases present in bile, gel chromatography with the correct IMC more accurately represents the distribution of Ch in biliary lipid aggregates.
Two worlds apart: bridging the gap between physical and virtual media for distributed design collaboration

A tension exists between designers' comfort with physical artifacts and the need for effective remote collaboration: physical objects live in one place. Previous research and technologies to support remote collaboration have focused on shared electronic media. Current technologies force distributed teams to choose between the physical tools they prefer and the electronic communication mechanisms available. We present Distributed Designers' Outpost, a remote collaboration system based on The Designers' Outpost, a collaborative web site design tool that employs physical Post-it notes as interaction primitives. We extended the system for synchronous remote collaboration and introduced two awareness mechanisms: transient ink input for gestures and a blue shadow of the remote collaborator for presence. We informally evaluated this system with six professional designers. Designers were excited by the prospect of physical remote collaboration but found some coordination challenges in the interaction with shared artifacts.
DETECTION OF PLASMA MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES WITH LECTIN PEROXIDASE CONJUGATES

With the use of the cytochemical stain for horseradish peroxidase of Graham and Karnovsky (1966. J. Histochem. Cytochem.14:291), conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with ricin, wheat germ agglutinin, and phytohemagglutinin were employed for the morphologic demonstration of d-galactose (ricin), N-acetylglucosamine (wheat germ), and N-acetylgalactosamine (phytohemagglutinin) containing moieties on the surface of unfixed, or paraformaldehyde-fixed rat lymphoid cells. D-Galactose, or d-galactose containing disaccharides inhibited the interaction between ricin peroxidase and lymphoid cell surface; also, N-acetylglucosamine inhibited the wheat germ peroxidase-lymphoid cell interaction, but N-acetylgalactosamine failed to inhibit the reaction between phytohemagglutinin peroxidase and the surface of lymphoid cells.
A goodness-of-fit association test for whole genome sequencing data

Although many genetic factors have been successfully identified for human diseases in genome-wide association studies, genes discovered to date only account for a small proportion of overall genetic contributions to many complex traits. Association studies have difficulty in detecting the remaining true genetic variants that are either common variants with weak allelic effects, or rare variants that have strong allelic effects but are weakly associated at the population level. In this work, we applied a goodness-of-fit test for detecting sets of common and rare variants associated with quantitative or binary traits by using whole genome sequencing data. This test has been proved optimal for detecting weak and sparse signals in the literature, which fits the requirements for targeting the genetic components of missing heritability. Furthermore, this p value-combining method allows one to incorporate different data and/or research results for meta-analysis. The method was used to simultaneously analyse the whole genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies data of Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 for detecting true genetic variants. The results show that goodness-of-fit test is comparable or better than the influential sequence kernel association test in many cases.
Negotiating a Sense of Identity in a Foreign Land: Navigating Public School Structures and Practices that Often Conflict with Haitian Culture and Values.

As part of a larger investigation into the educational experiences of Haitians in South Florida, this study explores factors that influence the identity development and academic success of Haitian students. Individual and focus group interviews with Haitian students, parents, and teachers provide the context for studying how pressures from both home and school shape the identity development of Haitian youth. Using a conceptual framework grounded in both structural and cultural analysis of identity formation, we describe three themes that emerged from our analysis: (a) learning as recitation or inquiry, (b) teacher as strict parent or lenient spectator, and (c) peers like me or Americanization.
Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Equipment Probability of Survival to Radiation Stress

Two analytical techniques (Monte Carlo and Small Sample Theory) are described which have been used to produce a survivability function, PS(RS), for equipment subject to a radiation stress, RS. The methods have been used for permanent damage due to neutron fluence and transient upset due to ionizing radiation. The methods are illustrated using a series regulator circuit. The techniques are sufficiently general such that they are applicable to a variety of environmental stresses.
Far-infrared optical conductivity gap in superconducting MgB2 films.

We report the first study of the optical conductivity of $\mathrm{MgB}{}_{2}$ covering the range of its lowest-energy superconducting gap. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is utilized to determine the complex, frequency-dependent conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ of thin films. The imaginary part reveals an inductive response due to the emergence of the superconducting condensate. The real part exhibits a strong depletion of oscillator strength near 5 meV resulting from the opening of a superconducting energy gap. The gap ratio of $2{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}{/k}_{B}{T}_{C}\ensuremath{\approx}1.9$ is well below the weak-coupling value, pointing to complex behavior in this novel superconductor.
The intra-embryonic and extra-embryonic distribution of hydroxyproline in the hen's egg†

Recent modifications in the biochemical method for determining hydroxyproline have improved its accuracy. The increasing use of fibroblasts from chick embryos for production of collagen necessitates the reinvestigation of hydroxyproline production in chick embryos. The levels of proline and free and bound hydroxyproline were determined in embryonated hen eggs by the method of Prockop and Udenfriend. Determinations on the yolk, white, and embryo were done separately. Analysis of specimens taken from the onset of incubation to the thirteenth day of incubation revealed the presence of 20 to 80 μMoles of proline in each compartment throughout the period of study. Free hydroxyproline was present in the yolk and white at a constant low level of less than 1 μMole per egg. Hydroxyproline (total: bound and free) was first detected in five day embryos. By nine days the level was 0.5 μMoles; at 11 days, 1.5 μMoles, and at 13 days, 4.25 μMoles. The increase in hydroxyproline when calculated per milligram of wet weight of embryo approximated a straight line.
Quantum theory of spin-3/2 field in Einstein spaces

A quantum theory of a free massless spin-3/2 field on Einstein spaces (R ab=Λgab) is formulated in an algebraic framework. Attention is confined to the structure of the quantum operator algebra. In particular, the issue of positivity of the anticommutator is investigated and found to depend on whether or not the space-time admits “rero-frequency” neutrino solutions. Using methods developed for the purpose, a class of space-time that does not admit neutrino “zero modes” is characterized. An appendix introduces a useful technique for obtaining an initial value formulation of spinor field equations.
Factors Influencing the Restoration of Blood Flow Following Pulmonary Embolization as Determined by Angiography and Scanning

Twenty-five patients with proven pulmonary emboli were followed for at least 20 weeks with serial scans and, in select cases, angiograms to determine the factors influencing the rate of resolution. Fifteen patients showed complete resolution at some time during the observation period. Five of these 15 patients experienced recurrent embolic episodes either before or after complete resolution. The remaining 10 patients included two who died of recurrent massive emboli, three who had recurrent episodes resulting in incomplete resolution, two who showed incomplete resolution at 20 weeks without recurrent emboli, and three who were lost to follow-up. Twenty-one patients exhibited prompt resolution in single or multiple embolic episodes, and four experienced slow resolution. Recurrent embolization is the most significant event in preventing restoration of blood flow. This is most likely to occur in the patient who presents with (1) an initial field defect in excess of 35%, (2) associated heart disease, and (3) ...
Degree‐one mantle convection: Dependence on internal heating and temperature‐dependent rheology

[1] Geophysical and geological observations suggest that a degree-one mantle flow pattern, consisting of one upwelling and one downwelling, may have existed at some time in the mantles of Mars, the Moon, and perhaps even for the Earth during times of supercontinent formation. Simple fluid experiments utilizing isoviscous rheologies predict shorter wavelength flow patterns, and it is therefore important to determine fluid dynamical parameter sets which lead to larger wavelength flow patterns consistent with observations. We perform a series of numerical fluid dynamics calculations in a spherical 3-D geometry in which we vary Rayleigh number, rheological activation parameter, and the degree of internal heating in order to define which parameter choices can lead to degree-one mantle convection. We find that increasing the degree of internal heating increases the interior temperature of the mantle which leads to a larger viscosity contrast across the top thermal boundary layer, and that degree-one mantle flow occurs only in cases which exhibit internal heating, utilize activation coefficients which lead to 103 or higher viscosity contrasts across the mantle, and have viscosity contrasts across the top thermal boundary layer within the range of 200–3000.
The Variable Effects of High School Tracking.

The effects of tracking in high schools depend in part on the way tracking is organized: To the extent that the structure of tracking varies across schools, tracking's impact on achievement also varies. I examine four structural characteristics of tracking systems: selectivity, electivity, inclusiveness, and scope. I predict that differences in these characteristics lead to variation in between-track inequality (the achievement gap between tracks) and school productivity (average achievement of students in the school), net of the composition of the student body. In addition, I hypothesize that Catholic schools have less inequality between tracks and higher productivity overall than public schools. I test the hypotheses using data from High School and Beyond, a national survey of high schools and their students. The results show that schools vary significantly in the magnitude of track effects on math achievement, and they differ in net average achievement on both math and verbal tests. Schools with more mobility in their tracking systems produce higher math achievement overall. They also have smaller gaps between tracks in both math and verbal achievement when compared to schools with more rigid tracking systems. Moderately inclusive systems also have less between-track inequality in math; and overall school achievement tends to rise in both subjects as inclusiveness increases. The hypotheses about Catholic schools are also supported, especially for math achievement. The way Catholic schools implement tracking partially accounts for their advantages.