cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol inhibits the progression as well as the initiation of atherosclerotic lesions in C57Bl/6 hyperlipidemic mice.

Background: Evidence that a moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with a reduced incidence of and mortality due to coronary artery disease continues to accumulate. Despite recent evidence that substances in red wine confer resistance to coronary artery disease, it is clear that at least a substantial proportion of the protective effect is due to the alcohol content of the beverage. We have previously shown that the chronic ingestion of alcohol incorporated into a total liquid diet during a 24-week period inhibits the development of fatty streak lesions in hyperlipidemic C57Bl/6 mice. We have now repeated this study and demonstrated that alcohol continues to markedly inhibit atherogenesis during a 48-week period. Methods: Mice were fed a high fat atherogenic liquid diet with 0% or 6% alcohol or a high fat atherogenic pelleted diet with 0% or 15% alcohol in their drinking water. After 24 and 48 weeks on these diets, subgroups of mice were euthanized and the aortas were studied for extent of atherosclerosis. Plasma lipid levels were also measured and flow cytometry studies performed to characterize their T and B lymphocyte populations. Additional groups of mice were given the high fat atherogenic diets for 24 weeks to allow lesions to develop and were then treated with alcohol diets to determine whether they inhibit the progression of the lesions. Results: The alcohol diets suppressed the development of atherosclerotic lesions at both 24 and 48 weeks in both the liquid and pelleted diet models. The addition of the alcohol diets after allowing lesions to form for 24 weeks halted the further progression of the lesions. The alcohol treatments also decreased the plasma levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol at almost all time intervals. Conclusions: We conclude that alcohol not only inhibits the initial development of atherosclerotic lesions but also inhibits the progression of existing atherosclerotic lesions. The alcohol-mediated decrease in HDL cholesterol in these experiments suggests that HDL plays little or no role in amelioration of atherogenesis in this model.
Flash activation kinetics and photosynthetic unit size for oxygen evolution using 3-nsec light flashes

Abstract The flash saturation yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in Chlorella is the same for 2-μsec flashes from a xenon flashlamp as for 3-nsec flashes from a dye laser pumped by a nitrogen laser. Following 5 min of darkness, oxygen is produced by the third flash from either source.
Reworked Cretaceous elasmobranch teeth and provenance of the Paleocene Hanna Formation (Hanna Basin, Wyoming)

The Hanna Formation, exposed in the northeastern Hanna Basin, Wyoming, represents deposition from late early Paleocene into earliest Eocene time in alluvial, floodplain, and lacustrine environments. A 600-m-thick section that yields abundant vertebrate fossils begins 975 m above the local base of the formation. This section has been dated as latest Torrejonian through middle Tiffanian using mammalian index fossils. The terrestrial mammals are accompanied by numerous elasmobranch teeth, representing species thought extinct since the end of Cretaceous time. They are species known from two locally widespread marine Cretaceous units, the Wall Creek Member of the Frontier Formation and the Steele Shale. These units are broadly exposed on flanks of the Sweetwater arch, which define the northern margin of the Hanna Basin. The elasmobranch teeth from the Hanna Formation range in size from a few millimeters to over three centimeters and display transport-induced abrasion not seen on their in situ Cretaceous counterparts. Enameloid of cutting edges, crown points, and cusplets is rounded or sometimes broken, and bony bases commonly are etched or dissolved away. These teeth were reworked and transported from the Wall Creek Member and Steele Shale during uplift and erosion of the Sweetwater arch in middle Paleocene time. Lithic clasts from Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata derived from that arch also occur in association with the elasmobranch teeth in the Hanna Formation. The Cretaceous clasts and teeth indicate a local, northerly source for part of the Hanna Formation in the northeastern Hanna Basin.
Knowledge-based GDSS to support reciprocally interdependent decisions

Abstract Many organizational decisions require a consensus among a group of individuals representing different units or functions of an organization. The group members may disagree because they have incomplete information (uncertainty) and conflicting interests. The integration of tools and procedures for sharing of information (among individuals) in a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) can solve most of the disagreement caused by incomplete information and can set the stage for useful discussion and negotiation. The design of such a GDSS requires the establishment of a group decision making procedure which can assist in the negotiation and conflict resolution. This paper identifies the characteristics of a communication support facility that can enhance communication among group members based on the degree of their dependency. The role of a knowledge based approach to facilitate communication support when the group is reciprocally interdependent is illustrated using a financial budgeting example.
Carbon−Fluorine Bond Hydrogenolysis in Perfluoroethyl−Iridium Complexes To Give HFC-134a Involves Heterolytic Activation of H2

Reaction of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(CF2CF3)H with CH3CO2D affords mostly Cp*Ir(PMe3)(CFHCF3)(O2CCH3), while the corresponding reaction of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(CF2CF3)D with CH3CO2H affords mostly Cp*Ir(PMe3)(CFDCF3)(O2CCH3). These results are consistent with external protonation of the CF bond and migration of the originally present H (or D) from Ir to C and suggest that the previously reported CF bond hydrogenolysis using dihydrogen proceeds via heterolytic activation of the H2 molecule at iridium.
Serial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Mucosal Gene Expression in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis

Serial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Mucosal Gene Expression in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Model for the detection of signals in images with multiple suspicious locations.

A signal detection model is presented that combines a signal model and a noise model providing mathematical descriptions of the frequency of appearance of the signals, and of the signal-like features naturally occurring in the background. We derive expressions for the likelihood functions for the whole ensemble of observed suspicious locations, in various possible combinations of signals and false signal candidates. As a result, this formalism is able to describe several new types of detection tests using likelihood ratio statistics. We have a global image abnormality test and an individual signal detection test. The model also provides an alternative mechanism in which is selected the combination of signal and noise features candidates that has the maximum likelihood. These tests can be analyzed with a variety of operating characteristic curves (ROC, LROC, FROC, etc.). In the mathematical formalism of the model, all the details characterizing the suspicious features are reduced to a single scalar function, which we name the signal specificity function, representing the frequency that a signal takes a certain value relative to the frequency of having a false signal with the same value in an image of given size. The signal specificity function ranks the degree of suspiciousness of the features found, and can be used to unify into a single score all the suspicious feature characteristics, and then apply the usual decision conventions as in the Swensson’s detection model [Med. Phys. 23, 1709–1725 (1996)]. We present several examples in which these tests are compared. We also show how the signal specificity function can be used to model various degrees of accuracy of the observer’s knowledge about image noise and signal statistical properties. Aspects concerning modeling of the human observer are also discussed.
Dissociated 60° dislocations in CdTe studied by high-resolution electron microscopy

Abstract High-resolution electron microscopy has been used to characterize disclocations in CdTe which were induced by argon ion-beam milling. The core structures of the 30° and 90° partial dislocations resulting from the dissociation of 60° dislocations have been analysed with assistance from multislice image simulations, and it is found that various structural models (glide set and shuffle set) can be differentiated. Chemical information (α or β form) about the dislocations can be deduced by first determining the Burgers vectors of the dislocations and the crystal polarity. Experimentally, for a 60° dislocation dissociated with an intrinsic stacking fault, the 30° partial is found to be the glide set, independent of its chemical nature; however, no shuffle set is found. For a 60° dislocation dissociated with an extrinsic stacking fault, the 90° partial is usually kinked and therefore much more difficult to recognize. In one particular example, however, it was found to be the glide set.
Podocyte effacement closely links to suPAR levels at time of posttransplantation focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurrence and improves with therapy.

BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recurs after kidney transplantation in more than 30% of cases and can lead to allograft loss. Serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of native and recurrent FSGS. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 25 adults with posttransplantation FSGS. We investigated the relationship between suPAR levels and podocyte changes and the impact of therapy on podocyte structure. We assessed response to therapy by improvement in proteinuria, allograft function, and resolution of histologic changes. RESULTS A median (interquartile range) of 15 (10-23) plasmapheresis sessions was administered; 13 of the subjects also received rituximab. Median pretreatment suPAR levels were higher among those with severe (≥75%) versus those with mild (≤25%) podocyte foot process effacement (13,030 vs. 4806 pg/mL; P=0.02). Overall, mean±SD of proteinuria improved from 5.1±3.8 to 2.1±2.8 mg/dL (P=0.003), mean podocyte effacement decreased from 57%±33% to 22%±22% (P=0.0001), estimated glomerular filtration rates increased from median (interquartile range) of 32.9 (20.6-44.2) to 39.3 (28.8-63.4; P<0.0001), and suPAR levels decreased from a median of 6.781 to 4.129 pg/mL (P=0.02) with therapy. CONCLUSIONS Podocyte effacement is the first pathologic manifestation of FSGS after transplantation. The degree of podocyte effacement correlates with suPAR levels at time of diagnosis. Response to therapy results in significant reduction of suPAR levels and complete or significant improvement of podocyte effacement.
Implementation of BBS and the Impact of Site-Level Commitment

AbstractThis work presents the results of a case study and addresses an important area within the field of construction safety management, namely behavior-based safety (BBS). The study investigates the implementation process of the BBS management approach and assesses how the commitment of site-level management, BBS implementation observers, and operatives’ impact on safety performance by using data collected from construction sites located in Hong Kong. While achieving the set objectives, this work provoked several aspects of education, training, and engineer’s obligations towards managing safety on construction sites. The research introduces BBS practices in five categories: personal protective equipment, house keeping, access to heights, plant and equipment, and scaffolding. Intervention was introduced and its impacts on site safety were monitored and analyzed. The results revealed that improvement in safety performance was higher when the site-management team was more committed to implementing the int...
Human Herpesvirus-8 Infection Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma, Multicentric Castleman's Disease, and Plasmablastic Microlymphoma in a Man with AIDS: A Case Report with Review of Pathophysiologic Processes.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and plasmablastic microlymphoma, are all linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection and HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Herein, we describe the case of a Kenyan man diagnosed with HIV in 2000. He deferred highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and remained in good health until his CD4
Ethylesterases as indicators of liver damage. I. Studies on malathion carboxylesterases.

Abstract The subcellular distribution of malathion carboxylesterase was determined in the livers of untreated Swiss-Webster mice, in mice administered an hepatotoxic dose of carbon tetrachloride, and in mice maintained on a diet containing butylated hydroxyanisole, 0.75% by weight.The carbon tetrachloride treatment increased the soluble fraction of hepatic malathion carboxylesterase activity, whereas the butylated hydroxyanisole diet reduced the soluble fraction. These results suggested that hepatocellular liver damage might result in release of malathion carboxylesterase activity to the soluble intracellular and extracellular compartments, including blood serum. Human serum samples were assayed for malathion carboxylesterase activity by a colorimetric assay and a 1:10 serum dilution. Forty-one of one hundred forty-three blood donor samples were positive, with activity ranging from 0.1 to 7.2 units/ml. No remarkable age-, sex-, or race-related activity differences were observed. In a survey of sera from hospitalized patients, malathion carboxylesterase activity and SGOT activity were correlated positively. In one patient who ingested an overdose of acetaminophen, serum malathion carboxylesterase, and SGOT activities rose during the toxic phase and declined during convalescence. The assay of serum ethylesterases, e.g., malathion carboxylesterases, is discussed as a prospective liver function test.
A printed spherical helix antenna

We present the design and fabrication of an electrically-small printed spherical helix antenna. The antenna consists of 6 helical arms printed onto a hemispherical substrate. It is designed to operate at 1 GHz, and the minimum radius sphere that circumscribes the antenna is 1.73 cm (ka = 0.36). The antenna is fabricatd using a new direct transfer patterning process capable of printing ≈ 1/∼m feature sizes onto arbitrarily contoured substrates.
Lowest-order constrained variational method for simple many-fermion systems

Abstract We study the potential energy of many-fermion systems calculated by the lowest-order constrained variational (LOCV) method of Pandharipande. Two simple two-body interactions are used. For a simple hard-core potential in a dilute Fermi gas, we find that the Huang-Yang exclusion correction can be used to determine a healing distance. The result is close to the older Pandharipande prescription for the healing distance. For a hard-core plus attractive exponential potential, the LOCV result agrees closely with the lowest-order separation method of Moszkowski and Scott. We find that the LOCV result has a shallow minimum as a function of the healing distance at the Moszkowski-Scott separation distance. The significance of the absence of a Brueckner dispersion correction in the LOCV result is discussed.
Calibrating Ti concentrations in quartz for SIMS determinations using NIST silicate glasses and application to the TitaniQ geothermobarometer

The recently developed titanium-in-quartz (TitaniQ) geothermobarometer of Wark and Watson (2006) and Thomas et al. (2010) has the potential to be applied to a wide range of igneous and metamorphic rocks. For Ti concentrations > ∼10 ppm, the concentrations can be measured using an electron microprobe, but lower concentrations are below detection limits and require techniques such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). SIMS is ideal for this purpose as it maximizes lateral and depth resolution. We used SIMS to analyze synthetic quartz crystals characterized for Ti concentration by electron probe (18–813 ppm Ti) and compare this calibration to the commonly available NIST 61X glasses using both high mass resolution (HMR) and conventional energy filtering (CEF) techniques. We used a primary beam of 16 O – ions and detected positive secondary ions. During HMR sessions, the mass spectrometer was operated at a mass resolving power (M/∆M) of ~2000 to separate molecular ions from elemental Ti peaks. For CEF analyses, the instrument detected secondary ions sputtered from the sample with excess kinetic energies of 75 ± 20 eV. Titanian quartz measurements reveal general homogeneity and a linear increase in Ti + /Si + ion ratios with increasing Ti concentrations. Background signals represent 0–1 ppm. The slopes of the calibration curves for the titanian quartz crystals are ∼70% of the curves constructed using NIST glasses, indicating a much higher ion yield for Ti from the glasses compared to the simple oxide of silicon. We demonstrate, however, that a simple correction factor allows NIST glasses to be used to quantitatively determine the Ti concentrations of quartz (with 3.8% error using HMR, and 8.2% error using CEF) until homogenous, well-characterized samples of SiO2 become
Simulation of HMIFU (Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound) with in-vitro validation

Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) is a technique capable of imaging tissue mechanical properties during acoustic radiation force application. Recently, HMIFU has been shown capable for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy and monitoring. Here, a theoretical analysis of the Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU) system is performed using a 2D nonlinear wave propagation model combined with a finite-element (FE) framework and its reliability in lesion localization and size quantification is tested in both simulations and in-vitro experiments. Good agreement in both lesion size (2.86, 5.93 and 17.5 mm2, for 5-, 10-, and 20-s ablation cases, respectively) and location (4.8 cm to 5.2 cm, 4.6 cm to 5 cm, and 4.4 cm to 5.1 cm, in the 5-, 10- and 20-s ablation cases, respectively) were found between the predicted lesion maps and the HMIFU images in both simulations and in vitro. Along with preliminary Finite-element (FE) results, the presented work confirms the reliability of the HMIFU system for lesion detection, localization and quantification.
Hippocampal electrical activity IV. Abnormal electrical activity

Abstract 1. 1. Transformations in intrinsic electrical activity of the hippocampus or in evoked potential shape which precede an electrical “seizure discharge” are associated with progressive changes in the shape of extracellularly recorded action potentials. 2. 2. The action potentials show a distribution which differs from that seen in an “inactivation” process since there is an increased amplitude and broadening of the negative phase. 3. 3. At the same time that the action potentials recorded from the stratum pyramidale change shape, sharp transient potentials called “pips” appear in the stratum radiale with highest amplitude. 4. 4. As a result changes in extracellular current flow occur. 5. 5. “Pips” seem to represent both the activity of single cells and groups of synchronously firing cells. 6. 6. It is proposed that ionic changes in the small extracellular spaces lead to alteration of threshold of various parts of the neurone membrane. Because of neuro-neuronal apposition, seizure discharges become synchronized. At the same time collateral paths may also play a role. 7. 7. Changes of excitability thus induced may cause both changes in the degree of depolarization of hitherto passive parts of the dendritic membrane and alterations in the extent and behaviour of the trigger zone of the neurones.
Estimation of the thermal coefficient in the decline of a bacterial population under heat stress

Abstract The “most probable number” (MPN) technique for estimating numbers of bacteria in suspensions is well known and has been used for decades by microbiologists, food researchers, and other laboratory scientists. A related procedure, involving an infinite number of serial dilutions at each of times t i , i = 0,1,…, n , is considered, and the joint probability law of the index numbers of the last tubes showing growth at these times is derived through use of probability-generating functions. Maximum likelihood estimates of the initial density λ and the thermal death rate μ are computed. Another estimate,μ, of μ is given, using a simple weighting scheme. Finally, the thermal death time (TDT) is estimated by D = ( ln 10 ) μ .
Anisotropic scaling in relativistic field theory

We study the behavior of relativistic quantum field theories under anisotropic scale transformations, of the general form pμ→σμvpv, where σμv are a set of constant scale parameters. We derive, for an arbitrary theory, the linear response to such a transformation, and show how this may be used to determine the renormalization group flow of the anisotropic effective theory. Some applications of the formalism are suggested, including a possible strategy for motivating phenomenological string models of hadrons, starting from microscopic QCD.
CT projection estimation and applications to fast and local reconstruction

In this paper, a straightforward method of estimating the CT projections is applied to simplified pre-processing, simplified reconstruction filtering, and to low-dose and local CT image reconstruction. The method relies on the projection- to-projection data redundancy that is shown to exist in CT. In the pre-processing application, the output of a few, angularly sparse fully pre-processed projections, is utilized in a linearization model to estimate directly the output of pre- processing for all the other projections. In the reconstruction filtering application, and with projection i and k being fully filtered, intermediate projection j low frequency components are estimated by a linear combination of projections i and k. That estimate is then subtracted from projection j, and the resulting high-frequency components are then filtered without zeropadding. By linearity the same combination of fully filtered projections i and k is added back to projection j. A factor two simplification is obtained, that can be leveraged for reconstruction speed or cost reduction. The local reconstruction application builds on the filtering method, by showing that truncated data is sufficient for calculating a filtered projection high-frequencies, while a very simple projection completion model is shown to be effective in estimating the low frequencies. Image quality comparisons are described.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The nonfermentable dietary fiber lignin alters putative colon cancer risk factors but does not protect against DMH‐induced colon cancer in rats

Abstract The effect of supplementation of the diet with auto‐hydrolyzed lignin on 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colon carcinogenesis was studied using 112 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Rats received eight weekly injections of DMH (9.5 mg/kg sc) or the saline vehicle solution and then were maintained on a basal AIN‐76 fiber‐free diet or the basal fiber‐free diet plus 5% or 10% (wt/wt) lignin for 24 weeks. Rats were killed 32 weeks after the start of the experiment. Colon tumor incidence, location, and multiplicity were determined. Body weight, caloric intake, fecal dry weight, gut transit time, pH of cecal contents, and total fecal bile acid excretion were measured. Supplementation of the diet with 5% or 10% lignin resulted in increased fecal dry weight and total fecal bile acid excretion and in decreased gut transit time, colon pH, and fecal bile acid concentration. Dietary lignin did not significantly affect colon tumor incidence or multiplicity compared with the fiber‐free diet. Thus dietary supplemen...
Risk of carotid blowout after reirradiation of the head and neck: a systematic review.

Purpose Carotid blowout (CB) is a rare but frequently fatal complication of head-and-neck (HN 76% were fatal. In patients treated in a continuous course with 1.8–2-Gy daily fractions or 1.2-Gy twice-daily fractions, 36% of whom received concurrent chemotherapy, the rate of CB was 1.3%, compared with 4.5% in patients treated with 1.5 Gy twice daily in alternating weeks or with delayed accelerated hyperfractionation, all of whom received concurrent chemotherapy (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of CB between patients treated with or without concurrent chemotherapy, or between patients treated with or without salvage surgery before reirradiation. Conclusion Carotid blowout is an infrequent but serious complication of salvage reirradiation for H&N cancer. The rate of CB was lower among patients treated with conventional or hyperfractionated schedules compared with regimens of accelerated hyperfractionation, though heterogeneous patient populations and treatment parameters preclude definite conclusions. Given the high mortality rate of CB, discussion of the risk of CB is an important component of informed consent for salvage reirradiation.
On the reaction of Kr+ with hydrogen

Abstract The reaction of Kr + ( 2 P 3/2 ) and Kr + ( 2 P 1/2 ) with H 2 are examined using a conventional ICR and a tandem Dempster- ICR instrument. The accidentally near-resonant charge-transfer reaction of CO + with Kr was used to prepare a nearly pure 2 P 3/2 state Kr + beam to evaluate rates of reaction of the 2 P 3/2 and 2 P 1/2 state with H 2 . It was found that the Kr + ( 2 P 3/2 ) reacts faster than the Kr( 2 P 1/2 ) and a negligible activation energy exists for both reactions.
Descriptive characterizations of computational complexity

Abstract Elementary computations over relational structures give rise to computable relations definable by formulas of the form (∀ relations) (∃ objects) ϕ with ϕ quantifier free. Particular complexity classes, such as NLog-Space, P-Time, P-Space and Exp-Time, can each be characterized by a particular variant of the computation model, and the computable relations of each such variant are precisely the ones defined by certain syntactic variants of formulas of the form above. Thus a descriptive characterization in higher order logic is obtained for each such complexity class. Several known descriptive characterizations of complexity classes ensue.
Gingival Disease in Postwar Italy (1945): I. Prevalence of Gingivitis in Various age Groups

will produce delay in healing. In the fields of periodontia and endodontia the sulfonamides are of limited value, and in no case is the use of sulfon­ amides a substitute for careful surgical or aseptic technic nor for adequate post­ operative care. Rational use of the sulfon­ amides can be of real value to the den­ tal therapist but their indiscriminate and reckless use has no place in the practice of either medicine or dentistry.—School of Dentistry, University of Michigan.
Functional trade-offs in white matter axonal scaling

The brains of large mammals have lower rates of metabolism than those of small mammals, but the functional consequences of this scaling are not well understood. An attractive target for analysis is axons, whose size, speed and energy consumption are straightforwardly related. Here we show that from shrews to whales, the composition of white matter shifts from compact, slow-conducting, and energetically expensive unmyelinated axons to large, fast-conducting, and energetically inexpensive myelinated axons. The fastest axons have conduction times of 1-5 ms across the neocortex and <1 ms from the eye to the brain, suggesting that in select sets of communicating fibers, large brains reduce transmission delays and metabolic firing costs at the expense of increased volume. Delays and potential imprecision in cross-brain conduction times are especially great in unmyelinated axons, which may transmit information via firing rate rather than precise spike timing. In neocortex, axon size distributions can account for the scaling of per-volume metabolic rate and suggest a maximum supportable firing rate, averaged across all axons, of 7 +/- 2 Hz. Axon size distributions also account for the scaling of white matter volume with respect to brain size. The heterogeneous white matter composition found in large brains thus reflects a metabolically constrained trade-off that reduces both volume and conduction time.
Mesons as q ¯ − q bound states from Euclidean two-point correlators in the Bethe-Salpeter approach

We investigate the two-point correlation function for the vector current. Gluons provide dressings for both the quark self-energy as well as the vector vertex function, which are described consistently by the rainbow Dyson-Schwinger equation and the inhomogeneous ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation. The form of the gluon propagator at low momenta is modeled by a two-parameter ansatz fitting the weak pion decay constant ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}.$ The quarks are confined in the sense that the quark propagator does not have a pole at timelike momenta. We determine the ground-state mass ${m}_{0}$ in the vector channel from the Euclidean time Fourier transform of the correlator, which falls off as ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}{m}_{0}T}$ at large T. ${m}_{0}$ lies around $590 \mathrm{MeV},$ and is almost independent of the model form of the gluon propagator. This method allows us to stay in Euclidean space and to avoid analytic continuation of the quark or gluon propagators into the timelike region.
Molecular dynamics simulation of crystal growth in Si1−xGexSi (100) heterostructures

Abstract Pulsed laser-induced liquid phase epitaxy of SiGe alloy/pure Si substrate heterostructures, exposing both (100) and (111) orientations, has been studied by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation techniques using Stillinger-Weber potential models for the two components. Solid-liquid interfacial morphology, the quality of the regrown materials and Ge redistribution at the interface were studied under both fast and slow recrystallization conditions, controlled by the substrate temperature. For the (100) orientation, a significantly non-planar solid-liquid interface was found for all Ge concentrations, with Ge atoms at the bottom of this interfacial “well”, causing solidification to be retarded in their vicinity. For the (111) orientation, in-plane defects with alternating structures of two five-membered rings and one eight-membered ring were found in the regrown material due to the unstable growth kinetics on the “back” side of the interface response function. At slow crystallization rates, only stacking defects were found in the regrown material, without in-plane defects. The Ge partition coefficient obtained from simulation at slow regrowth speeds is in good agreement with experimental measurements and also agrees well with the prediction of Aziz's continuous growth model if the Ge diffusivity at the solid-liquid interface and the width of the interface are used in the calculation of the “diffusive velocity”.
Association of cetuximab with adverse pulmonary events in cancer patients: a comprehensive review

Compounds derived from biologic sources, or biologicals, are increasingly utilized as therapeutic agents in malignancy. Development of anti-cancer targeted therapies from biologics is increasingly being utilized. Cetuximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, is one such anti-cancer targeted therapeutic that has shown efficacy in quelling the rate of patient decline in colorectal, head/neck, and non-small cell lung cancer. However, due to the relatively recent addition of biologic compounds to the therapeutic arsenal, information related to adverse reactions is less well known than those seen in traditional chemotherapeutics. Dermatologic reactions have been demonstrated as the most frequent side effect cited during cetuximab therapy for malignancy; however, other effects may lead to greater morbidity. In general, pulmonary complications of therapeutics can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to compile the various pulmonary side effects seen in patients treated with cetuximab for various malignancies, and to compare the incidence of these adverse reactions to standard therapies.
The Effects of Graphical Versus Numerical Response on the Accuracy of Graph-Based Forecasts

This article explores the literature in graphic information presentation and managerial decision making. The literature suggests that task must be controlled in experimental design. The results of an experiment undertaken to determine the effects of collecting numeric versus graphic responses onforecasting accuracy are discussed. Results of the study show forecasts were significantly more accurate when subjects responded graphically than when they responded numerically. The difference in accuracy was found to be unassociated with preference for the two response approaches and to be independent of graph-reading ability.Based on the experimenteal results, it appears that more accurate subjective visual forecasts can, on average, be obtained by collecting the forecasts in graphical format. Therefore, when in comparisons of performance based on graphical versus tabular information, the way in which the response is elicited must be considered along with otherfactors that affect performance and preference for p...
Visualization of gene activity in living cells

Chromatin structure is thought to play a critical role in gene expression. Using the lac operator/repressor system and two colour variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP), we developed a system to visualize a gene and its protein product directly in living cells, allowing us to examine the spatial organization and timing of gene expression in vivo. Dynamic morphological changes in chromatin structure, from a condensed to an open structure, were observed upon gene activation, and targeting of the gene product, cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter to peroxisomes was visualized directly in living cells. We found that the integrated gene locus was surrounded by a promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear body. The association was transcription independent but was dependent upon the direct in vivo binding of specific proteins (EYFP/lac repressor, tetracycline receptor/VP16 transactivator) to the locus. The ability to visualize gene expression directly in living cells provides a powerful system with which to study the dynamics of nuclear events such as transcription, RNA processing and DNA repair.
Embodied Discourse: Using Tableau to Explore Preservice Teachers' Reflections and Activist Stances

In the context of an arts-integration course in an elementary education program, preservice teachers used tableaux (i.e. frozen scenes) to portray field experience moments in two ways: (1) as remembered events, and (2) as projected possibilities. Using video and photographs of the tableaux, we traced the students’ enactment of activist stances and analyzed their positions within dramatic frames. Specifically we focused on the affordances of drama to the practice of reflecting and we also explored the use of tableau as a conduit for researchers’ provocation of additional meaning through examinations from various multimodal approaches.
Prevalence of asthma and its association with glycemic control among youth with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of asthma among youth with types 1 and 2 diabetes and examine associations between asthma and glycemic control. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, which included youth diagnosed with type 1 (n = 1683) and type 2 (n = 311) diabetes from 2002 through 2005. Asthma status and medications were ascertained from medical records and self-administered questionnaires, and glycemic control was assessed from hemoglobin A1c measured at the study visit. RESULTS: Prevalence of asthma among all youth with diabetes was 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6%–12.3%). The prevalence was 10.0% (95% CI: 8.6%–11.4%) among youth with type 1 and 16.1% (95% CI: 12.0%–20.2%) among youth with type 2 diabetes and differed according to race/ethnicity. Among youth with type 1 diabetes, those with asthma had higher mean A1c levels than those without asthma, after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI (7.77% vs 7.49%; P = .034). Youth with asthma were more likely to have poor glycemic control, particularly those with type 1 diabetes whose asthma was not treated with pharmacotherapy, although this association was attenuated by adjustment for race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of asthma may be elevated among youth with diabetes relative to the general US population. Among youth with type 1 diabetes, asthma is associated with poor glycemic control, especially if asthma is untreated. Specific asthma medications may decrease systemic inflammation, which underlies the complex relationship between pulmonary function, BMI, and glycemic control among youth with diabetes.
A silver nanocube on a gold microplate as a well-defined and highly active substrate for SERS detection

Strong enhancement and good reproducibility in Raman signals are two major requirements for a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to be used for sensitive detection of an analyte. Here we report a new type of SERS substrate that was fabricated by depositing a Ag nanocube (AgNC) on the surface of a Au microplate (AuMP). Owing to the strong and reproducible hot spots formed at the corner sites of the AgNC in proximity to the AuMP surface, the new substrate showed high sensitivity and reproducibility. Using 1,4-benzenedithiol as a probe, the SERS enhancement factor of a typical “AgNC on AuMP” substrate could reach a level as high as 4.7 × 107. In addition to the high sensitivity and reproducibility, the “AgNC on AuMP” substrate also displayed very good stability. The potential use of the “AgNC on AuMP” substrate was demonstrated by detecting crystal violet with high sensitivity.
New Periodic Orbits in the General Problem of Three Bodies

Two years ago, Szebehely and Peters (1967) published a periodic orbit in the general problem of three bodies. Although the orbit is only two-dimensional, the word general is used here because the three masses of the system are all of the same order and the three distances separating the masses are also all of the same order.
Thirty seconds of adaptation produce spiral aftereffects three days later

Subjects fixated the center of a rotating spiral for 30 sec. They returned 1, 2, or 3 days later to view one of three test targets: spokes, concentric rings, or a floating disk. Seventeen of 18 subjects reported long-term spiral aftereffects whose motion components were similar to those of the short-term spiral aftereffect.
Emergence of leaders in virtual teams: what matters?

Leadership is currently viewed as a key though relatively unexplored variable influencing the effectiveness of virtual teams. This paper identifies and empirically examines potential factors explaining the emergence of leaders in cross-cultural ISD virtual teams. Results of the study indicate that factors such as performance, culture, cultural ability, trust, ISD ability, communication ability, and co-location with client explain the emergence of leaders in the initial stages of a project, while performance, culture, and ISD ability explain the emergence of a leader in later stages. Interestingly, in both initial and later stages, technical ability of an individual was,found to have a negative effect on leader emergence. Also, the extent of communication was,found to have no effect in both stages, thereby falsifying the "babble hypothesis.".
A biomechanical evaluation of metacarpal fracture fixation with absorbable polyglycolide rods

The mechanical strength of human metacarpal fractures fixed with sintered self-reinforced polyglycolide (SR-PGA) rods was evaluated. The surgical constructs were immersed in buffered saline solution and maintained at body temperature (37/spl deg/C). The initial bending stiffness of the specimens fixed with SR-PGA rods was 61% of that of Kirschner wire fixation. The bending stiffness of the specimens fixed with absorbable rods decreased with time. Most of the specimens lost their mechanical stability at four weeks.
Threat and Decision Making

This article explores the relationship between threat and information processing in various conflict situations and extends the analysis to an examination of the relationship between affective and cognitive components of decision making about policy under conditions of high and low threat. Elements of threatening situations are measured using public opinion surveys done mainly in Israel regarding the Arab/Israeli conflict and the conflict between religious and secular Jews. Some data from surveys done in the Palestinian Authority regarding support for the peace process and support for armed attacks against Israeli targets, and in the United States regarding the social crises of neighborhood crime out of control and the threat of loss of Social Security and Medicare benefits are included as two other illustrations of the relationship between threat and policy. The article focuses on how feelings of threat relate to decisions about how to deal with the situation and under what conditions those decisions wil...
Acute kidney injury in the setting of AIDS, bland urine sediment, minimal proteinuria and normal-sized kidneys: a presentation of renal lymphoma

Acute kidney injury in HIV patients is primarily related to HIV-mediated viral or immunological disease or to treatment-related toxicity (tenofovir). Neoplasms are a rare cause of non-obstructive acute kidney injury, primarily because when they occur, they manifest as discrete masses and not as diffuse infiltration of the renal parenchyma. Diffusely infiltrating tumors include carcinoma of the renal pelvis invading the renal parenchyma, renal lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma (from lung) metastasizing to the kidney and infiltrating sarcomatous type of renal cell carcinoma. To be classified as a true case of renal lymphoma, the tumor should have escaped detection on routine imaging preceding biopsy, and lymphoma-associated renal failure/nephrotic proteinuria should have given rise to the indication for kidney biopsy. We present here a case of an acute kidney injury due to renal lymphoma in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome that manifested clinically as bland urine sediment, minimal proteinuria and normal-sized kidneys. Chemotherapy resulted in complete reversal of acute kidney injury.
Efficient Calculation of Statistical Moments for Structural Health Monitoring

Wireless networks of smart sensors with computations distributed over multiple sensor packages have shown considerable promise in providing low-cost Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In these networks, microprocessors are typically embedded in individual smart sensor packages. The e‐ciency of embedded computational algorithms is of critical importance because the size, cost, and power requirements of the sensor arrays are central concerns. Here, very e‐cient methodologies are presented to compute statistical moments of a measured response time-history. These moments: the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis, are often used to characterize a measured irregular response. Two alternative approaches are presented, each of which can save substantial computer memory requirements and CPU time in certain applications. The flrst approach reconsiders the computational beneflts of computing statistical moments by separating the data into bins and then computing the moments from the geometry of the resulting
The rise and decline of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-associated gastropathy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)–associated gastropathy is a major cause of hospitalization and death. This study was undertaken to examine whether recent preventive approaches have been associated with a declining incidence of NSAID gastropathy, and, if so, what measures may have caused the decline. Methods We studied 5,598 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 31,262 patient-years at 8 sites. We obtained standardized longitudinal information on the patients that had been previously used to establish the incidence of NSAID gastropathy, and also information on patient risk factors and differences in toxicity between NSAIDs. Consecutive patients were followed up with biannual Health Assessment Questionnaires and medical record audits between 1981 and 2000. The major outcome measure was the annual rate of hospitalization involving bleeding, obstruction, or perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and related conditions. Results Rates of GI-related hospitalizations rose from 0.6% in 1981 to 1.5% in 1992 (P < 0.001), and then declined to 0.5% in 2000 (P < 0.001). The fitted spline curve fit the data well (R2 = 0.70). The period of rise was mainly associated with increasing patient age and the GI risk propensity score. The period of decline was associated with lower doses of ibuprofen and aspirin, a decline in the use of “more toxic” NSAIDs from 52% to 42% of patients, a rise in the use of “safer” NSAIDs from 19% to 48% of patients, and increasing use of proton-pump inhibitors, but not with change in age, NSAID exposure, or GI risk propensity score. Conclusion The risk of serious NSAID gastropathy has declined by 67% in these cohorts since 1992. We estimate that 24% of this decline was the result of lower doses of NSAIDs, while 18% was associated with the use of proton-pump inhibitors and 14% with the use of less toxic NSAIDs. These declines in the incidence of NSAID gastropathy are likely to continue.
Effect of Different Patterns of Excess Amino Acids on Performance of Chicks Fed Amino Acid-deficient Diets

Two assays were conducted to determine the effects on chick growth of individual amino acid deficiencies. Deficiencies of phenylalanine-tyrosine, trypto- phan or isoleucine impaired growth more than equal deficiencies of other amino acids. In assay 2 individual amino acids were held at 60% of the chick requirement and were compared with a total deficiency of amino acids wherein all amino acids were reduced to 60% of the chick requirement. Compared with total amino acid deficiency, weight gain was a) increased by individual deficiencies of methionine-cystine, leucine, lysine or arginine, b) not affected by a deficiency of histidine and c) decreased by deficiencies of phenylalanine-tyrosine, tryptophan, isoleucine, valine or threonine. Utilization of the deficient amino acid was greater when that amino acid alone was deficient than when all of the other amino acids were reduced to a comparable level of deficiency. Compared with the complete amino acid diets, food consumption was reduced when individual amino acids were made deficient but not when all amino acids were made deficient simultaneously. The pattern of amino acids in excess of that needed for growth appeared to dictate whether an amino acid imbalance would be superimposed on that of an amino acid deficiency. It is sometimes assumed that dietary
High bit rate polymer optical fiber links: Design and demonstration

For Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fiber we show that optical coupling, fiber core size selection and receiver design all can be optimized to realize low-cost, high-speed data links. An example 10 Gbps 200m link is demonstrated.
Vapor Phase Adsorption of Water on Hydroxyapatite

Water vapor adsorption isotherms were determined gravimetrically on three hydroxyapatite sampel differing in preparation and with surface areas of 70.4, 22.5, and 3.0 M2/gm, respectively. Heats of adsorption for the first layer of water were found to be 13.3, 13.2, and 13.9 kcal/mole on these hydroxypatites. From repeated thermal desorption and adsorption cycles of water, stepwise adsorption was observed which diminished with each outgassing cycle until it disappeared after the fourth cycle. Cross-sectional area of adsorbed water molecule on hydroxyapatite surface was estimated at 11.5 A2. Standard free energies, isosteric heats, changes in enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption of water on HAP samples outgassed at 300 C were determined.