cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variations on a theme of Graham and Pollak

Abstract Graham and Pollak proved that one needs at least n − 1 complete bipartite subgraphs (bicliques) to partition the edge set of the complete graph on n vertices. In this paper, we study the generalizations of their result to coverings of graphs with specified multiplicities and to complete uniform hypergraphs. We also discuss the recently disproved Alon–Saks–Seymour Conjecture (which proposed a generalization of the previous result of Graham and Pollak) and compute the exact values of the ranks of the adjacency matrices of the known counterexamples to the Alon–Saks–Seymour Conjecture. The rank of the adjacency matrix of a graph G is related to important problems in computational complexity and provides a non-trivial lower bound for the minimum number of bicliques that partition the edge set of G .
Conductorlike behavior of a photoemitting dielectric surface

It has been suggested in the past that a uniformly illuminated photoemitting dielectric surface of finite extent acquires in the steady state a surface charge distribution as if the surface were conducting (i.e., the surface becomes equipotential). In this paper an analytical proof of this conductorlike behavior is given. The only restrictions are that the photoelectron emission from the surface has azimuthal symmetry and that the photosheath may be assumed to be collisionless. It is tacitly assumed that a steady state is attainable, which means that the photoelectron spectrum has a high-energy cutoff.
Absence of Sleep-Related Elevation of Growth Hormone Level in Patients With Stroke

• To determine the effect of defined suprahypothalamic lesions on sleep-related growth hormone (GH) secretion, eight patients with hemispheric lesions of vascular origin were studied in a sleep laboratory on two consecutive nights. Despite the normal onset and increased time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS), the patients failed to show the nocturnal rise in plasma GH concentration that occurred in association with onset of SWS in five age-matched healthy subjects. Arginine hydrochloride infusion in the patients produced a normal GH rise, indicating integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Dissociation between SWS and GH secretion in patients with suprahypothalamic damage suggests that cortical-subcortical structures are involved in the integration of SWS with nocturnal GH secretion. There is support for the presence of a thalamic regulatory center responsible for the control of GH release during sleep.
Factors Influencing Bird Foraging Preferences among Conspecific Fruit Trees

The rates at which birds visit fruiting individuals of Allophylus edulis (Sapindaceae) differ substantially among trees. Such avian feeding preferences are well-known, but usually involve fruits and trees of different species. Factors controlling avian preferences for particular trees in a population of conspecifics are generally undocumented. To address this issue, I attempted to correlate rates at which individuals birds and species fed in trees of A1ZophyZu.s with 27 fruit or plant characteristics. Birds that swallow fruits whole were considered separately from those that feed in other ways. Plant characters were selected on the basis of their potential influence on feeding efficiency or predation risk, assuming that birds would select feeding trees so as to maximize the net rate of energy or nutrient intake and to minimize predation. Correlations were found between feeding visits by some groups of birds and percent water in the pulp, milligrams of mineral ash in the pulp, and crop size. No character was correlated with feeding visits by all groups of birds in both years of the study. The correlations with water and mineral ash are unexplained and may be artifacts. The correlation with crop size may represent a tactic to minimize predation.
Motion sickness may be caused by a neurohumoral action of acetylcholine

The mechanism by which motion stimulation results in the autonomic responses, known as motion sickness, has remained somewhat of an enigma. Neural connections between the vestibular nuclei and the autonomic and emetic centers in the brainstem have been described, but these appear to be relatively sparse. Thus, new or additional mechanisms seem warranted to account for this curious relationship. A new hypothesis is herein presented which posits that acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a neurohumeral agent to bring about the symptoms associated with motion sickness. Motion stimulation will activate primary vestibular afferents leading to activation of secondary vestibulocerebellar fibers, some of which are cholinergic, projecting to the vestibulocerebellar region of the posterior cerebellum. The acetylcholine, once released from these synaptic terminals diffuses into the CSF in the 4th ventricle. From there it gains access to the autonomic and emetic centers within the dorsal brainstem and can activate the cholinergic receptors in these nuclei to produce the symptoms characteristic of motion sickness. In similar fashion ACh would have access to the vestibular nuclei where it will facilitate transmission in these nuclei further reinforcing the vestibulocerebellar activity. This would serve as a positive feedback loop which will result in additional release of ACh from the cerebellum and further activation of the brainstem nuclei that result in the symptoms of motion sickness.
UNCOMPLICATED CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE - FINDINGS AT CT, MR-IMAGING, AND RADIOGRAPHY

PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and imaging features of cat-scratch disease (CSD) to facilitate prompt recognition and noninvasive diagnosis of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight otherwise healthy patients with pet cats presented with the subacute onset of epitrochlear, axillary, or groin masses. All underwent cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography (CT) (n = 1) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n = 7). Five patients underwent radiography of the elbow. RESULTS: In all patients, MR imaging and CT showed a poorly defined soft-tissue mass with extensive surrounding edema in an efferent lymphatic distribution. Radiography revealed only soft-tissue edema in two patients and an ill-defined soft-tissue mass with soft-tissue edema in three patients. Six patients underwent biopsy; the findings of all pathologic specimens supported the diagnosis of CSD. No patients underwent serologic evaluation. All patients were asymptomatic within 4 weeks of beginning antibiotic therapy. CO...
Formation and persistence of DNA adducts in the liver of brown bullheads exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

The formation and persistence of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-DNA adducts in the liver of brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) treated with the hydrocarbon (20 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) was investigated using the 32P-postlabeling assay. The highest level of covalent binding of BP to liver DNA (188 fmol BP adducts/mg DNA) was observed 25-30 days following treatment. After 70 days, the adduct level in liver DNA had declined to approximately 26% of the maximum adduct level. One major BP-DNA adduct and several minor ones were detected in the liver. The major adduct co-chromatographed with anti-BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-deoxyguanosine (anti-BPDE-dGuo) adduct. The data suggest that brown bullheads metabolically activate BP by the same mechanism as the mammalian systems susceptible to carcinogenic effects of the hydrocarbon.
Triton X-100 as the “Short-Chain Lipid” Improves the Magnetic Alignment and Stability of Membrane Proteins in Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers for Oriented-Sample Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

A mixture of phospholipids and Triton X-100 in a molar ratio of 5:1 forms well-aligned and stable bilayers that give superior solid-state NMR spectra of proteins. In a comparison, the oriented-sample (OS) solid-state NMR spectrum of Pf1 coat protein in aligned phospholipid bilayers displayed better resolution than the equivalent solution NMR spectrum of the same protein in micelles. Both samples and experimental parameters were fully optimized.
Stimulation of thiouracil binding at the iodination system in beef thyroid microsomes

Abstract 1. 1. It has been shown previously by many investigators that beef thyroid microsomal fractions enzymically iodinate in vitro in the presence of glucose and glucose oxidase. [ 14 C]Thiouracil has now been found to be maximally bound to microsomal fractions under these same conditions. Both iodination and thiouracil binding are inhbited in a very similar pattern by thiols (mercaptoethanol, glutathione) as well as thioureylenes (1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole, thiourea). 2. 2. Both iodination and thiouracil binding still occur if glucose oxidase is replaced by 0.1 mM H 2 O 2 . 3. 3. Thiouracil has been shown previously 1 to react rapidly and at low concentrations with the sulfenyl iodide group in a model protein. This reaction of model sulfenyl iodide was inhibited by specific thiols and thioureylenes at concentrations comparable in all respect to that effective in the thyroidal system. 4. 4. After I 3 -pretreatment of the microsimal fraction the subsequent uptake of [ 14 C]thiouracil was increased, consistent with previously reported data on model sulfenyl iodides. The relative inhibition by thiols and thioureylenes of this [ 14 C]-thiouracil binding by iodine pretreated microsomal fractions was also characteristic of the sulfenyl iodide group. 5. 5. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis 1–3 that a sulfenyl iodide group takes part in the iodinating mechanism of the thyroid gland.
Can we restore aspects of the in utero environment in premature infants to prevent disease

The complications of premature birth result from fundamental differences between the in utero and the postbirth environments, some known and most unknown. An increase in oxygen after birth has been a prime focus of interest, but loss of factors normally found in utero may also play a pivotal role. In the study “Postnatal serum insulin-like growth factor I deficiency is … Reprint requests to (L.E.H.S.) Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115. E-mail: lois.smith{at}tch.harvard.edu
Transcranial Ultrasound (TUS) Effects on Mental States: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background/Objective Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can modulate brain function. To assess possible TUS modulation of mental states, we investigated effects on subjective reports of pain and mood of sub-thermal TUS versus placebo applied to frontal scalp and brain of chronic pain patient volunteers. Methods With IRB approval and informed consent, subjects with chronic pain completed two visual analog scales for pain (NRS) and mood (VAMS/Global Affect), and their vital signs were recorded 10 min prior to, and 10 min and 40 min following exposure to either subthermal TUS (8 MHz) or placebo (in a double blind crossover study) using the 12L-RS probe of a LOGIQe ultrasound imaging machine (General Electric, USA). A physician, also blinded for TUS versus placebo, applied the probe (with gel) to scalp over posterior frontal cortex, contralateral to maximal pain, for 15 seconds. A second investigator operated the ultrasound machine, randomizing TUS versus placebo. The process was then repeated, applying the opposite modality (TUS or placebo). Results: Subjective reports of Mood/Global Affect were improved 10 min ( P = 0.03) and 40 min ( P = 0.04) following TUS compared with placebo. NRS pain reports slightly improved following TUS ( P = 0.07) at 40 min. Conclusion We found improvement in subjective mood 10 min and 40 min after TUS compared to placebo. TUS can have safe neurophysiological effects on brain function, and is a promising noninvasive therapy for modulating conscious and unconscious mental states and disorders. We suggest TUS acts via intra-neuronal microtubules, which apparently resonate in TUS megahertz range.
Helium microwave induced plasma mass spectrometry for detection of metals and nonmetals in aqueous solutions

Abstract A helium microwave induced plasma is evaluated as an ion source for plasma mass spectrometry. Analyte position studies were performed to assess background interferences and the distribution of analyte ions within the helium plasma as a function of nebulizer flow rates. Helium microwave induced plasma mass spectrometry provides detection of the halides in aqueous samples as positive ions at the low to sub-ppb levels. Detection limits for metals are in the sub-ppb range. Determination of selenium and bromide isotope ratios are possible down to the low ppb level. Flow injection was used in a preliminary matrix study. A sodium concentration of 2000 ppm was found to suppress the analyte signals by 15 to 50%. This suppression can be partially corrected for by using internal standards.
Mitigating disk energy management delays by exploiting peer memory

Modern enterprises employ hundreds of workstations for daily business operations, which consume a lot of energy and thus have significant operating costs. To reduce such costs, dynamic energy management is often employed. However, dynamic energy management, especially that for disks, introduces delays when an accessed disk is in a low power state and needs to be brought into active state. In this paper, we propose System-wide Alternative Retrieval of Data (SARD) that exploits the large number of machines in an enterprise environment to transparently retrieve binaries from other nodes, thus avoiding access delays when the local disk is in a low power mode. SARD uses a software-based approach to reduce spin-up delays while eliminating the need for major operating system changes, custom buffering, or shared memory infrastructure.
Late Ordovician global warming—The Boda event

There is substantial evidence for mid-Ashgillian global warming before the latest Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation, as shown by the movement of previously lower latitude benthic faunas such as trilobites and brachiopods to progressively higher latitudes and by an increase in endemic faunas at low latitudes. This is shown by faunal dynamics on several paleocontinents and endorsed by published evidence of warmer-water sediments from Gondwana and elsewhere. We term this global warming the Boda event.
Extensive-form game abstraction with bounds

Abstraction has emerged as a key component in solving extensive-form games of incomplete information. However, lossless abstractions are typically too large to solve, so lossy abstraction is needed. All prior lossy abstraction algorithms for extensive-form games either 1) had no bounds on solution quality or 2) depended on specific equilibrium computation approaches, limited forms of abstraction, and only decreased the number of information sets rather than nodes in the game tree. We introduce a theoretical framework that can be used to give bounds on solution quality for any perfect-recall extensive-form game. The framework uses a new notion for mapping abstract strategies to the original game, and it leverages a new equilibrium refinement for analysis. Using this framework, we develop the first general lossy extensive-form game abstraction method with bounds. Experiments show that it finds a lossless abstraction when one is available and lossy abstractions when smaller abstractions are desired. While our framework can be used for lossy abstraction, it is also a powerful tool for lossless abstraction if we set the bound to zero. Prior abstraction algorithms typically operate level by level in the game tree. We introduce the extensive-form game tree isomorphism and action subset selection problems, both important problems for computing abstractions on a level-by-level basis. We show that the former is graph isomorphism complete, and the latter NP-complete. We also prove that level-by-level abstraction can be too myopic and thus fail to find even obvious lossless abstractions.
The role of mechanically induced separator creep in lithium-ion battery capacity fade

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are well-known to be plagued by a gradual loss of capacity and power which occur regardless of use and can be limiting factors in the development of emerging energy technologies. Here we show that separator deformation in response to mechanical stimuli that arise under normal operation and storage conditions, such as external stresses on the battery stack or electrode expansion associated with lithium insertion/deinsertion, leads to increased internal resistance and significant capacity fade. We find this mechanically induced capacity fade to be a result of viscoelastic creep in the electrochemically inactive separator which reduces ion transport via a pore closure mechanism. By applying compressive stress on the battery structure we are able to accelerate aging studies and identify this unexpected, but important and fundamental link between mechanical properties and electrochemical performance. Furthermore, by making simple modifications to the electrode structure or separator properties, these effects can be mitigated, providing a pathway for improved battery performance.
The nature of energy delocalization in molecular crystals

Abstract The eigenfrequencies for the lowest triplet state of the naphthalene resonance pair hamiltonian are calculated and compared with optical and magnetic resonance data. The importance of both coherent and incoherent processes in understanding exciton spectra is emphasized.
PHOTOINACTIVATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE AND RED LIGHT

— The use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) has previously been demonstrated to be beneficial in clinical cancer therapy. This paper describes cell culture studies used to examine HpD phototherapy in Chinese hamster ovary cells (line CHO). Survival curves have been obtained for both direct HpD toxicity and HpD induced photoinactivation. Examination of HpD induced photoinactivation as a function of stage in the cell growth cycle has also been performed, as has the quantitative measurement of HpD uptake in cells (using 3H-HpD) as a function of cellular incubation time, serum concentration in the incubation medium, and cell cycle position. In the absence of light, no toxicity was observed for HpD incubation levels of up to 400 μg/m/ when incubations times were 3 h or less. Exposure of cells to light alone (> 590 nm, 4.0 mW/cm2) for 9 min was also found to be completely nontoxic. Survival curves obtained for exponentially growing cells labeled with various concentrations of HpD and subsequently illuminated with red light exhibited a threshold or shoulder region at short exposure times followed by exponential killing at longer exposure times. The cell cycle response curves for HpD induced photoinactivation of synchronized CHO cells was nearly flat, indicating no variation in sensitivity for cells treated at time periods from 6 to 15 h after mitosis. Additon of serum to the incubation medium resulted in improved plating efficiency and reproducible survival curves but decreased cellular uptake of HpD.
Density-matrix expansion for an effective nuclear Hamiltonian

An expansion for the nuclear wave-function density matrix in relative and c.m. coordinates is developed such that the leading term is the corresponding nuclear-matter density matrix at the local neutron and proton density. Truncation of all derivatives beyond second order yields an extremely simple form for the energy density which retains all the computational simplicity of the modified $\ensuremath{\delta}$ interaction and the Skyrme force, while maintaining contact with nuclear-matter theory based on a realistic interaction and reproducing the results of more-complicated density-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations.
Synthesis of phenylurethans of a pyrazolidinylcarbinol as anticonvulsant agents

Eleven phenylurethans were prepared from 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazolidine and various phenyl isocyanates. Anticonvulsant screening revealed that two of the phenylurethans exhibited moderate activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in mice.
MO-G-BRE-04: Automatic Verification of Daily Treatment Deliveries and Generation of Daily Treatment Reports for a MR Image-Guided Treatment Machine

Purpose: Two aims of this work were to develop a method to automatically verify treatment delivery accuracy immediately after patient treatment and to develop a comprehensive daily treatment report to provide all required information for daily MR-IGRT review. Methods: After systematically analyzing the requirements for treatment delivery verification and understanding the available information from a novel MR-IGRT treatment machine, we designed a method to use 1) treatment plan files, 2) delivery log files, and 3) dosimetric calibration information to verify the accuracy and completeness of daily treatment deliveries. The method verifies the correctness of delivered treatment plans and beams, beam segments, and for each segment, the beam-on time and MLC leaf positions. Composite primary fluence maps are calculated from the MLC leaf positions and the beam-on time. Error statistics are calculated on the fluence difference maps between the plan and the delivery. We also designed the daily treatment delivery report by including all required information for MR-IGRT and physics weekly review - the plan and treatment fraction information, dose verification information, daily patient setup screen captures, and the treatment delivery verification results. Results: The parameters in the log files (e.g. MLC positions) were independently verified and deemed accurate and trustable. A computer program was developed to implement the automatic delivery verification and daily report generation. The program was tested and clinically commissioned with sufficient IMRT and 3D treatment delivery data. The final version has been integrated into a commercial MR-IGRT treatment delivery system. Conclusion: A method was developed to automatically verify MR-IGRT treatment deliveries and generate daily treatment reports. Already in clinical use since December 2013, the system is able to facilitate delivery error detection, and expedite physician daily IGRT review and physicist weekly chart review.
Adequacy of core needle biopsy specimens and fine-needle aspirates for molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas.

Objectives: Molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas for epidermal growth factor ( EGFR ) mutations and an anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) translocation is important to guide directed therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The goal of this study was to determine whether transthoracic computed tomography–guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens were equally suitable for molecular testing. Methods: We determined the percentage of 52 CNB and 120 FNA specimens that contained sufficient paraffin-embedded tumor tissue for EGFR , KRAS , and ALK testing over a period of 2 years. We correlated sample sufficiency with the sampling method, tumor size, biopsy operator, pathologist assessing the adequacy of the sample, and the number of FNA passes performed. Results: Univariate analysis showed that CNB specimens provided a significantly higher number of samples sufficient for molecular testing than did FNA specimens (67% vs 46%; P = .007) and that one operator achieved a significantly higher percentage of sufficient FNA specimens. Binomial logistic regression found sufficiency of FNA samples to correlate with tumor size ( P = .015) but not operator. Conclusions: When paraffin-embedded tissue is used for molecular testing of lung cancer, CNB specimens are more likely than FNA specimens to provide adequate tissue for molecular testing. Obtaining a sufficient FNA specimen depends on the tumor size and the individual performing the biopsy.
A comparison of two difference schemes used for numerical weather prediction

Abstract We compare two finite difference schemes which have been used for numerical weather prediction. One is based on the scheme of A. Kasahara and W. Washington, and the second on the scheme of Y. Kurihara. We compare these schemes by applying them to the shallow water equations on a hemisphere. Our conclusion is that the Kurihara scheme is more accurate provided the uniform mesh spacing suggested by Kurihara is not used. The Kurihara scheme requires twice as much time and storage for the same mesh spacing. The Kurihara scheme is much less prone to nonlinear instability.
Condensed Tannins Are Only Partially Responsible for Variations in Nutrient Digestibilities of Sorghum Grain Cultivars

Nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) and true amino acid digestibility values were determined, using cecectomized cockerels, for 20 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars that ranged in catechin equivalent (CE) percentages from 0 to 3.88. There were significant (P ≤ 0.01) overall inverse relationships between CE content and (1) the individual digestibilities of lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine; (2) the mean digestibility of essential amino acids; (3) the mean digestibility of nonessential amino acids; and (4) TMEn values. In contrast to these overall trends, several cultivars of similar condensed tannin content had markedly different nutrient digestibilities. The dissimilarity of protein digestibilities in sorghum genotypes of similar tannin content was confirmed by subjecting samples of the ground grains to in vitro pepsin digestion with subsequent visualization of the undigested proteins by SDS−PAGE. The present wo...
Creating College Opportunity: School Counselors and Their Influence on Postsecondary Enrollment.

School counselors are the primary facilitators of college transition for many students, yet little is known about their influence on college-going behavior. Analyzing data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, this study employs coarsened exact matching and multilevel modeling to examine the effects of student-counselor visits on postsecondary enrollment, as well as determine whether the effects of such visits vary by socioeconomic background. Results suggest that visiting a counselor for college entrance information has a positive and significant influence on students’ likelihood of postsecondary enrollment, and that counseling-related effects are greatest for students with low socioeconomic status.
Th-1 polarization is regulated by dendritic-cell comparison of MHC class I and class II antigens

In the control of T-helper type I (Th-1) polarization, dendritic cells (DCs) must interpret a complex array of stimuli, many of which are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Th-1 polarization is heavily influenced by DC-autonomous phenomena triggered by the loading of DCs with antigenically matched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II determinants, that is, class I and II peptide epitopes exhibiting significant amino acid sequence overlap (such as would be physiologically present during infectious processes requiring Th-1 immunity for clearance). Data were derived from 13 independent antigenic models including whole-cell systems, single-protein systems, and 3 different pairs of overlapping class I and II binding epitopes. Once loaded with matched class I and II antigens, these “Th-1 DCs” exhibited differential cytokine secretion and surface marker expression, a distinct transcriptional signature, and acquired the ability to enhance generation of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, tRNA-synthetases were implicated as components of a putative sensor complex involved in the comparison of class I and II epitopes. These data provide rigorous conceptual explanations for the process of Th-1 polarization and the antigenic specificity of cognate T-cell help, enhance the understanding of Th-1 responses, and should contribute to the formulation of more effective vaccination strategies.
253. AAV Delivery of a Trans-Splicing RNA Re-Directs SMN2 Splicing and Results in Increased Full-Length SMN

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). A nearly identical copy gene called SMN2 is present in all SMA patients. SMN2 produces low levels of functional protein, while nearly 90% of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced and encode a truncated protein that lacks the final coding exon (exon 7). While SMN is ubiquitously expressed, motor neurons are especially sensitive to the low levels of SMN and this heightened sensitivity leads to the development of SMA. Even though the majority of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced and encode a protein that is truncated and unstable, the presence of SMN2 represents a unique therapeutic target because the SMN2 gene has the capacity to encode a fully functional protein. SMN1 and SMN2 differ by 10 nucleotides, however, none of these non-polymorphic differences alter the SMN coding sequence. Rather, due to a subtle disruption of a critical pre-mRNA processing regulatory element, SMN2 transcripts are alternatively spliced. Therefore, by increasing the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 at the pre- mRNA splicing step, this would result in the production of increased levels of full-length SMN transcript, and in turn, fully functional SMN protein.
Functional characterization of non-human primate erythrocyte immune adherence receptors: implications for the uptake of immune complexes by the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system

Erythrocytes from primates express an immune adherence (IA) receptor that binds complement-opsonized immune complexes (IC) both in vivo and in vitro. We have analyzed the immunochemical and functional properties of the IA receptor from erythrocytes from species that have been used for in vivo IC clearance studies and have compared these properties to the human IA receptor (which is called complement receptor type 1, CR1). Erythrocytes from all species (chimpanzee, baboon, rhesus and cynomolgus monkey) bind antibody/double-stranded DNA IC when opsonized with autologous complement. However, IC which are bound to chimpanzee erythrocytes are not released upon addition of chimpanzee serum (which contains factor I activity), while IC bound to baboon erythrocytes and human erythrocytes are released upon addition of autologous serum. Anti-human CR1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) E11 and HB8592 bind to erythrocytes from all species examined and the number of mAb epitopes per erythrocyte correlated with the number of IC that could bind to the erythrocyte under saturating conditions. However, a number of interesting differences between the species are observed with other mAb. The anti-CR1 mAb 1B4 and 3D9, which block recognition of ligand by CR1, did not bind to chimpanzee erythrocytes and bound partially to rhesus and cynomolgus monkey erythrocytes. In addition, the ability of autologous serum to induce release of erythrocyte-bound IC correlates with the presence of these epitopes. These findings, taken in context with previous clearance studies, suggest that serum-mediated release may not be required for the rapid transfer of the IC from the erythrocyte to the mononuclear phagocytic system.
The Clinical Utility of Liposomal Doxorubicin in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of single agent off-protocol, liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil Alza), in consecutive patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and to investigate the influence of HER-2/neu expression on response to liposomal doxorubicin. Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 72 consecutive patients treated, typically with liposomal doxorubicin 40 mg/m 2 q28 days between January 1997 and December 1998. Results. Twenty-nine patients (40%) had platinum- and taxane-resistant tumors. Nineteen patients (27%) responded with clinical or radiological evidence of response with reduction in CA-125 of >50%. One complete response (CR) and 7 partial responses (PRs) occurred in platinum- and taxane-resistant patients (radiological response (RR) 29%) and 8 PRs occurred in patients with visceral metastases (RR 28%). Time to progression was 5.3 (2.1–12.1) months. Only 7 dose delays (3%) and 20 dose reductions (8%) were necessary in 265 cycles of treatment. Hematological toxicity was generally mild with grade (Gr) ≥III neutropenia in 1 (2%), Gr ≥III thrombocytopenia in 1 (1%), and Gr ≥III anemia in 8 patients (11%). One patient (1%) was admitted with fever and neutropenia. Other toxicity was minimal with Gr ≥III mucositis occurring in 3 patients (4%). Gr ≥III cutaneous toxicity was seen in 6 patients (8%). Three patients (4%) had a >10% fall in ejection fraction but there was no unequivocal clinical heart failure. Conclusions. The data suggest that liposomal doxorubicin is an active drug in both taxane- and platinum-sensitive and resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. Liposomal doxorubicin is associated with tolerable toxicity and is particularly well tolerated in patients with multiple prior lines of treatment.
Getting started with PDAs: A Library‐driven Project at James Madison University

Focuses on a PDA pilot project aiming to help in many of the tasks of academic life that began at James Madison University in 2002. Describes the project and offer suggestions to anyone who is considering a PDA pilot project.
Chromatographic purification of estradiol-17β for use in radio-ligand assay

Abstract Using disposable microcolumns of Celite, a rapid, simple, and reliable method of purification of estradiol-17β was obtained. This purification procedure was found adequate for detection methods such as the two radio-ligand assays described. Estradiol-17α is a possible contaminant, and, therefore, in materials containing this steroid in the free form, specificity for estradiol-17β would be lacking unless binding protein used in the detection method does not react with estradiol-17α. Other possible contaminants in this system would be exogenously administered synthetic estrogens.
The Racial Dialectic: President Barack Obama and the White Racial Frame

This paper introduces the concept of the “racial dialectic” to describe the ways racial dialogues and policies have transformed in the wake of Barack Obama’s historic election to the presidency of the United States of America. Using public statements and behaviors from elected officials, pundits, and Obama himself as case study data, we examine the tension between what we term the hard racial frame, the soft racial frame, and the racial counterframe in the public discourses. We conclude that these competing frames produce a dialectic that has transformed the way racial issues are discussed and interpreted in the wake of Obama’s election.
Dynamics of explosive volcanism at Fuego volcano imaged with very long period seismicity

[1] The current activity at Fuego volcano, Guatemala, is characterized by frequent explosions, intermittent lava flows, and persistent degassing. Seismic and infrasound data of explosive activity recorded over 19 days in January 2009 on a temporary broadband network show that explosive intensity is highly variable. However, the seismic expression of the largest explosions includes similar very long period (VLP) earthquakes for each explosion. Waveform modeling in the 10–30 s band constrains the source centroid to a position 300 m below and 300 m west of the summit crater. The calculated moment tensor indicates a volumetric source, which is modeled as a near-vertical dike feeding a SW dipping (35°) sill. The sill is the dominant component, and its projection to the surface nearly intersects the summit crater. The deformation history of the sill is interpreted as (1) an initial inflation that is due to pressurization, followed by (2) a rapid deflation as overpressure is explosively released, and finally (3) a reinflation as fresh magma flows into the sill and degasses. This cycle is attributed to the development of a brittle plug at the top of the magma column and effective sealing of degassing pathways that is due to degassing crystallization as water exsolves and the magma is undercooled. Data from apparent tilt, SO2 concentrations, and infrasound records support this interpretation. The VLP source location suggests the magma pathway may be migrating westward, which has hazard implications for populations living on the flanks of Fuego.
Gentamicin-lipopolysaccharide interactions inPseudomonas aeruginosa

Gentamicin was found to bind toPseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. The interaction was partially ionic in nature and probably involved the core region of the lipopolysaccharide molecule. A comparison of phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide derived fromP. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and a lipopolysaccharide “core”-defective strain indicated that changes in this region of the molecule were responsible for gentamicin-biding differences. Lysozyme and magnesium ion were both capable of disrupting this interaction. The nature of the interaction appeared to be related to the amount of organic phosphate associated with the lipopolysaccharide and may play a role in the barrier function of the cell envelope.
Mass Without Scalars

We attempt to show that fundamental scalar fields can be eliminated from the theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions. We do this by constructing an explicit example in which the scalar field sectors are replaced by strongly interacting gauge systems. Unlike previous examples, our present work gives a natural explanation for fermion masses. The cost is a significant expansion of the size of the gauge group.
Valence fluctuations of 57Fe in disordered Li0.6FePO4

The local electronic structure around iron ions in Li0.6FePO4 was studied by 57Fe Mossbauer spectrometry at temperatures from 25 to 240 °C. The equilibrium two-phase, triphylite plus heterosite, material was compared to a disordered solid solution that was obtained by quenching from a high temperature. Substantial electronic relaxations were found in the disordered solid solution compared to the two-phase material at temperatures of 130 °C and above. Fluctuations in the electric field gradient showed an approximately Arrhenius behavior, with an activation energy of 335 ± 25meV and a prefactor of 5 × 1011 Hz, whereas Arrhenius plots for the isomer shift showed activation energies of approximately 600 meV. It is suggested that these spectral relaxations are caused by the motions of Li+ ions. A slight relaxation at 180 °C in 10% of the two-phase material can be attributed to defects in the heterosite and triphylite phases. Overall, the disordered solid solution phase shows faster electronic dynamics than the...
The effect of long-memory arrivals on queue performance

Long memory in the sequence of interarrival times is known to have a large impact on queue performance. We used a factorial simulation experiment to relate four performance measures to degree of long memory, server utilization, number of customers, and their interactions.
MATCHING ATTRIBUTE SET AND ATTITUDE MODEL

Summary.-The attribute set/atdrude model relationship recently proposed by Myers and Shocker was examined using correlational and (LISREL) causal analysis. Compared against more traditional single-anitude model approaches (Ahtola, Adequacy-Importance. and Fishbein), Myecs and Shocker's mixed model appears promising. It matched the attitude model which best predicted behavioral intentions for two out of three product attribute sets, and along with rhe Fishbein model, produced a satisfactory fit with the hypothesized causal structure. However, when the alternative attirude models were compared using a multiple indicator approach, results suggest these models do not appear to be directly measuring the same underlying attribure sets. Myers and Shocker (1981) state that ". . . it is not possible to specify which attitude models (or information-processing rules) are most appropriate for any given product without first specifying the narure of the attributes used to describe that product." Further, the same researchers conclude that the appropriate attitude model should be consistent with the types of attributes being investigated because of different attitude-affect (over-all) relationships. According to Myers and Shocker, the vector model advanced by Ahtola (1975) should be used with product characteristics' since it measures attribute category or level and evaluation. In addition, Myers and Shocker recommend chat the Adequacy-Importance model be used to measure product benefits as it focuses on satisfaction and importance? To measure product image, Myers and Shocker recommend the Fishbein model ( Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) which tests consequence probability and evaluation. The research which follows attempcs to test the above relationships and determine which attitude model is best with each attribute set in terms of predictability and causality.
Configuration Dependence of SiGe HBT Linearity Characteristics

Linearity characteristics between common-emitter (CE) and common-base (CB) SiGe HBTs are compared at different frequencies, under different bias conditions and at different input/output matching conditions in this paper. It is shown that, without impedance matching at input/output of the devices, the CB configuration exhibits better linearity than the CE configuration under the same input power level and the difference of IMD3 between the two configurations decreases with the increase of operation frequency. However, when both input and output of the devices are impedance-matched for maximum output power Pout , the CE configuration has better linearity than the CB configuration. Furthermore, without varying the input/output matching, the linearity of the two configurations varies with bias in different ways that the linearity of the CE configuration degrades and that of the CB configuration improves as the bias is increased. Under certain impedance and bias conditions, the CB configuration can provide better linearity, besides higher power gain, than the CE configuration
Confucianism as political philosophy: A postmodern perspective

and theoretical reasoning. Rather, for her, it is the natural gift for humans, of all "rational" men and women, as common-sense or prudential wisdom (the true meaning of which is uncovered in the original Latin expression sensus communis). Most importantly, Arendt (1965:49) faults Eichmann's thoughtlessness for his lack or absence of other-directed thinking, that is, heteronomic thinking: his thoughtlessness is identified with his inability to think from the standpoint of others (see also Arendt, 1971). This point in relation to the issue of Eichmann's "banality of evil" has rarely been noticed. Be that as it may, in Bakhtin's dialogism, in particular, the primacy of the answer dictates the event of a dialogue. The anticipated presence of the answer in the horizon gives the dialogue the assured sense of pragmaticity. In Heidegger's formulation, too, the word Unterschied has the double meaning of difference and the between (Unter/schied): it works like a hinge that connects and conserves difference and the relational, that is, difference as dif/ference (Differenz as Unter/schied) (see 1971:202-203. Cf. also Jung, 1987). The relational is marked by the play of difference: the more difference, the more reciprocity and the more the other, the more the self. In the world of identity, which is the opposite of difference, without the otherness of the other, the question of ethics is also unthinkable simply because there would be no genuine reciprocity. In the universe of one person unpopulated by others were it imaginable there would be no need for ethics. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.139 on Thu, 27 Apr 2017 17:50:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Nature of behavioral deficits and degree of recovery differ after lesions of dorsal and ventral aspects of rostral cortex

Abstract Bilateral lesions of either the dorsal or the ventral aspects of the rostral half of the cortex in rats both significantly depressed eating, drinking and body weight, but animals with dorsal cortex lesions recovered more quickly and more completely than those with ventral lesions. Furthermore, spontaneous locomotor activity in the open field of animals with ventral cortex lesions was unaltered relative to this group's preoperative level. On the other hand, relative to their preoperative baseline, the activity of animals with dorsal lesions was significantly depressed during the early postoperative period, and then was significantly elevated during intermediate and late periods. The discussion attempts to interpret these findings on the nature and degree of the locomotor and ingestive behavior deficits resulting from lesions of the dorsal and ventral aspects of the rostral cortex, and the subsequent recovery of behavioral function in light of current electrophysiological, anatomical and behavioral concepts of localization of function within the rat's cortex.
A multicenter, U.S. experience of single-balloon, double-balloon, and rotational overtube–assisted enteroscopy ERCP in patients with surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy (with video)

Background Data on overtube-assisted enteroscopy to facilitate ERCP in patients with surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy, or long-limb surgical bypass, is limited. Objective To evaluate and compare ERCP success by using single-balloon (SBE), double-balloon (DBE), or rotational overtube enteroscopy. Design Consecutive patients identified retrospectively. Setting Eight U.S. referral centers. Patients Long-limb surgical bypass patients with suspected pancreaticobiliary diseases. Intervention Overtube-assisted enteroscopy ERCP. Main Outcome Measurements Enteroscopy success: visualizing the pancreaticobiliary-enteric anastomosis or papilla. ERCP success: completing the intended pancreaticobiliary intervention. Clinical success: greater than 50% reduction in abdominal pain or level of hepatic enzyme elevations or resolution of jaundice. Results From January 2008 through October 2009, 129 patients had 180 enteroscopy-ERCPs. Anatomy was Roux-en-Y: gastric bypass (n = 63), hepaticojejunostomy (n = 45), postgastrectomy (n = 6), Whipple procedure (n = 10), and other (n = 5). ERCP success was 81 of 129 (63%). Enteroscopy success: 92 of 129 (71%), of whom 81 of 92 (88%) achieved ERCP success. Reasons for ERCP failure (n = 48): afferent limb entered but pancreaticobiliary anastomosis and/or papilla not reached (n = 23), cannulation failure (n = 11), afferent limb angulation (n = 8), and jejunojejunostomy not identified (n = 6). Select interventions: anastomotic stricturoplasty (cautery ± dilation, n=16), stone removal (n = 21), stent (n = 25), and direct cholangioscopy (n = 11). ERCP success rates were similar between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and other long-limb surgical bypass and among SBE, DBE, and rotational overtube enteroscopy. Complications were 16 of 129, 12.4%. Limitations Retrospective study. Conclusion (1) ERCP is successful in nearly two-thirds of long-limb surgical bypass patients and in 88% when the papilla or pancreaticobiliary-enteric anastomosis is reached. (2) Enteroscopy success in long-limb surgical bypass is similar among SBE, DBE, and rotational overtube enteroscopy methods. (3) Referral of long-limb surgical bypass patients who require ERCP to high-volume institutions may be considered before more invasive percutaneous or surgical alternatives.