cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sucrose Compartmentation in the Palisade Parenchyma of Vicia faba L.

Intracellular sucrose compartmentation in the palisade parenchyma of Vicia faba L. leaflets was investigated by comparing the specific radioactivity of photosynthetically labeled [14C]sucrose in samples enriched in vacuole to that in samples enriched in cytoplasm. Brief centrifugation of leaflet punches was used to sediment most of the palisade parenchyma cytoplasm in the adaxial ends of the cells. The punches were quick-frozen, freeze-substituted, and embedded in methacrylate. Samples enriched in cytoplasm or in vacuoles were obtained from paradermal sections. After pulse-labeling, the sucrose specific radioactivity in vacuole-enriched samples was fairly constant. Sucrose specific radioactivity in cytoplasm-enriched samples was about 2.5 times that in vacuole-enriched samples initially and declined thereafter. Earlier interpretation of intracellular sucrose compartmentation (Plant Physiol 1975 55: 704-711) had predicted larger specific activity differences (up to 20 times) between the cytoplasm and vacuole. The difference between the actual and predicted behavior is ascribed to the observed extent of cross-contamination in samples and, more importantly, to the confinement of sucrose to extrachloroplastic regions of the cytoplasm.
Analytical biochemistry: Weighing up protein folding.

Labelling molecules by fast oxidation allows mass spectrometry to study protein folding at submillisecond time resolution. The method also brings a wealth of structural information about protein folding within reach.
Discovery rate of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an urban Medical Center serving patients at high risk

File analysis based on 98,970 Pap tests on 58,053 patients from the Martland Medical Center of CMDNJ and its clinics was performed. Discovery rates, period prevalence and incidence rates were calculated for categories of mild to moderate dysplasia through invasive carcinoma. An incidence rate of 27/100,000 for invasive carcinoma was obtained, which is lower than the national average. Period prevalence and incidence rates of dysplasias are both high and similar. This indicates that epidemiologic parameters may need to be studied further. The mean age for the mild to moderate dysplasia was 25.7 years, for moderate to severe dysplasia, 29.29 years and for CIS, 33.25 years. These data may imply that younger women, especially in the urban areas, are at much higher risk than previously expected.
Prostatic epithelial polyp diagnosed in a bladder wash.

Prostatic epithelial polyps, also known as adenomatous polyps or papillary adenomas with prostatic type epithelium, are uncommon lesions. These lesions typically involve the adult male urethra, trigone, or bladder dome. Diagnosis is usually made by biopsy. Presence of clusters of benign columnar cells in urine cytologic material can suggest the presence of such polyps and must be included in the differential diagnosis.
The Taste End-Organs of the Chicken

Abstract THIS histological study of the taste buds of the chicken is part of an extensive investigation being carried out at Cornell concerning all phases of the sense of taste of domestic fowl. Numerous two-choice preference trials revealed that chickens possess a chemical sensitivity of a much higher order than previously recognized. (Kare et al., 1957.) In these trials certain organic compounds were detected in very dilute solutions, some being consistently rejected while others were preferred over pure water. These reactions of the birds could not be correlated with any physical or chemical property of the solutions, such as the viscosity, surface tension, osmotic pressure, pH, or molarity (Kare, 1958). The rejection of solutions as dilute as 1/25,000 lead one to consider this sense to be one of taste and not merely a common chemical sense. It is interesting to note that these solutions have barely any taste to man. A …
A Queueing Model with Finite Waiting Room and Blocking

A two-stage queueing network with feedback and a finite intermediate waiting room is studied. The first-stage server is blocked whenever M requests are enqueued in the second stage. The analysis of this system under exponential assumptions is carried out. An algorithm to calculate the stationary state probabilities is given and some special cases are considered.
Comparison of Environmentally Responsible Consumerism and Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyle Between U.S. and Japanese Female College Students

Measuring for previous consumer behaviors, data on environmentally responsible consumerism and voluntary simplicity lifestyle were collected from students attending a women's college in the United States. These data were analyzed and compared with similar data collected by Iwata in his study on students attending a women's college in Japan. For voluntary simplicity lifestyle, the means for Japanese students and U.S. students did not differ significantly. For environmentally responsible consumerism, there was a significant difference. Students attending the U.S. college were more likely to engage in environmentally responsible consumer behaviors than were their Japanese counterparts. This study suggests an association between environmentally responsible consumer behaviors and an ethic of care promoted by the college's general education program.
Human C3b/C4b Receptor (Cr1): Isolation, Protein Sequence Analysis, and Cloning of a Partial cDNA from Human Tonsil

The human receptor for the C3b/C4b fragments of complement, designated CR1, is a large glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain that exhibits genetically regulated structural and quantitative polymorphisms. The structural polymorphisms are manifested in an autosomal codominant expression of different allotypic proteins; all allotypic forms are capable of binding C3b1,2,3,4. The most common proteins have MW of 250,000 (F allotype) and 260,000 (S allotype) by NaDodSO/PAGE, although rarer forms differ by as much as 90,000 daltons4. Removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides does not eliminate this polymorphism, suggesting that the primary structures of the various allotypic forms are different1. CR1 is an integral membrane glycoprotein residing on erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes/macrophages,fiall B and some T lymphocytes, and renal glomerular epithelial cells5,6. Quantitative polymorphism refers to the number of receptor sites on erythrocytes, which varies by 10-fold among different individuals. Population and family studies have shown that there are two autosomal codominant alleles that determine the quantitative polymorphism.
Time-dependent tree-structured survival analysis with unbiased variable selection through permutation tests.

Incorporating time-dependent covariates into tree-structured survival analysis (TSSA) may result in more accurate prognostic models than if only baseline values are used. Available time-dependent TSSA methods exhaustively test every binary split on every covariate; however, this approach may result in selection bias towards covariates with more observed values. We present a method that uses unbiased significance levels from newly proposed permutation tests to select the time-dependent or baseline covariate with the strongest relationship with the survival outcome. The specific splitting value is identified using only the selected covariate. Simulation results show that the proposed time-dependent TSSA method produces tree models of equal or greater accuracy as compared to baseline TSSA models, even with high censoring rates and large within-subject variability in the time-dependent covariate. To illustrate, the proposed method is applied to data from a cohort of bipolar youth to identify subgroups at risk for self-injurious behavior.
Dynamics with a range of choice

Mathematical setting for discrete dynamics is a state space, X, and a map S : X ! X (the evolution operator) which denes the change of a state over one time step. Dynamics with choice, as we dene it in [2], is a generalization of discrete dynamics where at every time step there is not one but several available maps that can transform the current state of the system. Many real life processes, from autocatalytic reaction systems to switched systems to cellular biochemical processes, exhibit the properties described by dynamics with choice. We are interested in the long-term behavior of such systems. In [2] we studied dynamics with choice with a nite number of available maps,
Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by means of the proximal flow convergence method: A clinical study

Quantitation of valvular regurgitation remains an important goal in clinical cardiology. It has been described previously that with the use of color Doppler flow mapping, simple measurements of apparent jet size do not correlate closely with quantitative regurgitant indices. Recently the proximal flow convergence method has been proposed to quantify valvular regurgitation by analysis of the converging flow field proximal to a regurgitant lesion. Assuming hemispherical convergence, flow rate Q can be calculated as Q = 2 pi r2va, where va is the aliasing velocity at a distance r from the orifice. For maximal accuracy, previously validated correction factors must be used to account for the flattening effect of the isovelocity contours close to the orifice and for the actual sector angle subtended by the valve leaflets (alpha), to yield a flow rate formula Q = 2 pi r2va.(vp/vp - va).(alpha/180), where vp is the orifice velocity obtained by continuous wave Doppler. In 45 patients (35 in sinus rhythm, 10 with atrial fibrillation) with tricuspid regurgitation, regurgitant stroke volume, regurgitant flow rate, and regurgitant fraction were calculated using the proximal flow convergence method and were compared with values obtained by the Doppler two-dimensional echocardiographic method. Regurgitant stroke volumes (SV) calculated by the proximal flow convergence method correlated very closely with values obtained by the Doppler two-dimensional method with r = 0.95 (y = 0.94x + 0.99) and delta SV = -0.3 +/- 5.2 cm3. Regurgitant flow rates (Q) calculated by both methods showed a similar correlation: r = 0.96 (y = 0.97x + 45) and delta Q = 1.6 +/- 429 cm3/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaccination of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Polysialic Acid or N-Propionylated Polysialic Acid Conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin

Purpose: Long chain polysialic acid (polySA) is a side chain on embryonal neural cell adhesion molecules that, in the adult, is largely restricted to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Long chains of polySA are also expressed on group B meningococcus. In this clinical trial, we aimed to elicit an immune response against polysialic acid to target clinically inapparent residual disease in patients with SCLC who had successfully completed initial therapy. Experimental Design: Patients were vaccinated with either 30 μg unmodified polySA or N -propionylated-polySA (NP-polySA), conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mixed with 100 μg of immunological adjuvant QS-21 at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16. Results: Of the 5 evaluable patients vaccinated with unmodified polySA, only 1 mounted an IgM antibody response to polySA. On the other hand, all 6 of the patients vaccinated with NP-polySA produced IgM antibodies to NP-polySA and these cross-reacted with unmodified polySA in all but 1 case. IgG antibodies to NP-polySA were observed in 5 of the patients, but these did not cross-react with polySA. The presence of IgM antibodies reactive with SCLC cell lines was confirmed in this group by flow cytometry. Complement-dependent lysis of tumor cells could not be demonstrated. However, postimmunization sera induced significant bactericidal activity against group B meningococcus when combined with rabbit complement. Conclusions: Vaccination with NP-polySA-KLH, but not polySA-KLH, resulted in a consistent high titer antibody response. We are now conducting a de-escalation dosing study with NP-polySA-KLH to better assess the immunogenicity, toxicities, and optimal dose of this vaccine. We plan to incorporate this vaccine as a component of a polyvalent vaccine with GM2, fucosylated GM1, and Globo H to target SCLC.
Predictors of re-referral to child protective services: a longitudinal follow-up of an urban cohort maltreated as infants

Decades of research has identified several psychosocial risk factors for child maltreatment, only some of which are modifiable. The relative importance of the most modifiable psychosocial variables, as compared to more static variables such as demographic characteristics, is not well understood, particularly among children maltreated at a very young age. This study examined predictors of re-referral among 149 urban children originally referred for maltreatment as infants. Of these children, 42.3% were re-referred over a period of 11 to 15 years. Cox regression analyses with time-varying covariates revealed that modifiable psychosocial risk factors failed to predict risk for re-referral in a multivariate model. Demographic characteristics and characteristics of the index incident of maltreatment were the strongest predictors of re-referral. Existing services may not be addressing the underlying reasons for maltreatment, particularly in families with young children. A clearer understanding of the underlying causes of maltreatment is needed. Language: en
The Voltage Pile Transistor Quantizer

Summary - This paper describes a simple and novel form of analog-to-digital converter which is completely transistorized and does not require any stepping or counting devices or any null-sensing element. This converter can be used either to generate digital values or as a limit-value selector. Transistorized circuitry of the limit value selector has resulted in a simple, accurate, and practical approach to automatic testing and sorting machines. A specific application in a machine for testing and sorting transistors is described.
Electrostatic effects in electron transfer reactions of (2Fe-2S) ferredoxins with inorganic reagents

The kinetics of electron transfer from the reduced [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120 and the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis to select cobalt coordination compounds have been studied in order to gain insight into the mechanism of electron transfer and intrinsic reactivity of [2Fe-2S] active sites. With tripositive cobalt complexes, reactions of both proteins displayed saturation kinetics; values of association constants of 12,900 and 1,400 M- I and limiting rate constants of 7.6 and 3.5 s” were found for oxidation of I: vaginalis and Anabaena ferredoxins, respectively, by Co( NH3)63+ at room temperature and I = 0.1 M. An activation enthalpy of 12.1 kcal/mol and activation entropy of - 14.3 cal/mol K for oxidation of I: vaginalis ferredoxin by CO(NH,),~+ contrasted with corresponding values of 13.4 kcallmol and - 10.5 cal/mol K for the Spirulina platensis protein, which is homologous to Anabaena ferredoxin. The dependence of the reaction rates on ionic strength were measured to probe the importance of electrostatics on the reactivity of the proteins. Analysis of the ionic strength dependence of the oxidation of the proteins by CO(NH~)~~+ by the “parallel plate” model of Watkins et ai. (1994, Protein Sci 3:2104-2114) afforded values for active site charges of - 0.7 and - 1.1 and limiting rate constants at infinite ionic strength of 25,800 and 76 M- Is- I for I: vaginalis and Anabaena ferredoxins, respectively. These results suggest that the [2Fe-2S] center of the protozoal ferredoxin is more accessible and adjacent to a less highly charged, more compact patch of negative charges than the photosynthetic protein.
Matthew: Apostate, Reformer, Revolutionary?

Andrew Overman, Anthony Saldarini and David Sim overstate their case when they conclude that the religion of the Matthean community was not Christianity but Judaism. The appeal to 5.17ff. and the exclusivist sayings will not bear the weight of the hypothesis. There is far too much newness in Matthew and the differences with Judaism are too great to conclude that Matthew exhibits mere ‘deviance’ from other Jewish groups. The ‘new things’ involve a radical reorientation of previous perspectives wherein Christ takes central place previously held by Torah. Matthew's community is thus best described as a Jewish form of Christianity.
Typing for a minimal aspect language: preliminary report

We present a preliminary report on typing systems for polyadic μABC, aspect oriented programming---pointcuts and advice---and nothing else. Tuples of uninterpreted names are used to trigger advice. The resulting language is remarkably unstructured: the least common denominator of the pi-calculus and Linda. As such, developing meaningful type systems is a substantial challenge.Our work is guided by the translation of richly typed languages into μABC, specifically function- and class-based languages augmented with advice. The "impedance mismatch" between source and target is severe, and this leads us to a novel treatment of types in μABC.
A Typology of Fisheries in Large Reservoirs of the United States

Abstract Recreational fishery harvests were classified in 349 reservoirs larger than 200 ha distributed throughout the contiguous United States. Harvest occurred in all reservoirs and averaged 13.4 kg/ha each year; average harvest was highest for trouts and centrarchids, and lowest for pikes. Centrarchids and ictalurids were harvested in 80% or more of the study reservoirs, temperate basses and percids in about 50%, trouts in more than 35%, pikes in 25%, and salmons in less than 10%. Fish harvests exhibited marked spatial patterns, allowing identification of nine distinct types of reservoirs; three types occurred in the west, four in mid-continent, and two in the east. The reservoir types differed significantly with respect to harvest levels and composition, fishing effort, and physicochemical characteristics. Variability in harvest was attributed to zoogeography and reservoir physicochemical characteristics. This typology can serve as a conceptual model to guide certain aspects of reservoir research and ...
Screening individual hybridomas by microengraving to discover monoclonal antibodies

The demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in biomedical research is significant, but the current methodologies used to discover them are both lengthy and costly. Consequently, the diversity of antibodies available for any particular antigen remains limited. Microengraving is a soft lithographic technique that provides a rapid and efficient alternative for discovering new mAbs. This protocol describes how to use microengraving to screen mouse hybridomas to establish new cell lines producing unique mAbs. Single cells from a polyclonal population are isolated into an array of microscale wells (approximately 10(5) cells per screen). The array is then used to print a protein microarray, where each element contains the antibodies captured from individual wells. The antibodies on the microarray are screened with antigens of interest, and mapped to the corresponding cells, which are then recovered from their microwells by micromanipulation. Screening and retrieval require approximately 1-3 d (9-12 d including the steps for preparing arrays of microwells).
Patient Cost-Sharing and Healthcare Spending Growth

In this paper, we explore the role patient incentives play in slowing healthcare spending growth. Evidence suggests that while patients do indeed respond to financial incentives, cost-sharing does not uniformly improve value; rather, cost-sharing provisions must be deliberately structured and targeted to reduce care of low marginal value. Other mechanisms may be helpful in targeting particular populations or types of utilization. The spillover effects between privately insured and publicly insured populations as well as market imperfections suggest a potential role for public policy in promoting insurance design that slows spending growth while increasing the health that each dollar buys.
Conjoint Family Drawing:a technique for family clinical assessment

Abstract Born in 1970 by Bing, Conjoint Family Drawing is very useful in research as well as in clinical settings because it allows to assess the family as a whole. Unfortunately, a lack of studies and researches identifying a clear grid or unambiguous criteria for its interpretation is to be acknowledged. How can data from the Conjoint Family Drawing be used in a standardized and structured fashion? Which of t he elements and aspects in the drawings need to be considered to assess families? This paper aims to identify a group of categorical variables that will serve for an objective interpretation of drawings as well as to verify the instrument's discriminant capacity. In particular, the criteria and variables found in literature on t he use of drawings and other family assessment instrument s were explored and t heir suitability for the explanation of Conjoint Family Drawings (CFD) was tested out. A coding grid of 18 categorical variables (10 concern various element s in the drawing and the remaining 8 concern the drawing making process) was developed and applied on a sample of 117 CFDs from clinical and non-clinical families. The variables consider emotional, interactive and relational aspect s. A two –step cluster analysis was carried out to define discriminant variables and 6 different family typologies were identified.
FROM RESEARCH TO POLICY: Preventing Residential Burglary Through A Systems Approach

This paper isolates crime prevention policy implications which stem from a series of interrelated environmental studies of residential burglaries. A number of crime prevention strategies are developed using a systems approach. It is argued that changes made to the environments of individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and society can achieve lower risks of residential burglary victimization.
Return to work after coronary angioplasty: A report from the national heart, lung, and blood institute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty registry

Employment status was analyzed in 2,250 patients enrolled at 65 clinical centers in the NHLBI PTCA Registry. Patients were classified into 3 groups depending on the outcome of PTCA. In 63.6%, PTCA was successful without MI or CABG (Group A); in 25.3%, PTCA was unsuccessful and was followed by CABG (Group B); and in 11.1%, PTCA was unsuccessful and was followed by medical therapy alone (Group C). At entry, 68.3% of all patients were employed full- or part-time. The clinical characteristics of the 3 groups were different. Patients in Group C had a higher incidence of previous MI and previous CABG. In addition, patients in Group C had a significantly decreased baseline employment rate compared with those in Group A. At a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, there was a small but similar decrease in the percentage employed full- or part-time in all groups. Employment status also was analyzed in a subset of 1,150 patients working full- or part-time at baseline and aged 60 years or younger, who would be expected to have the highest return to work rates. At a mean follow-up of 1.4 years, 81 to 86% of patients remained working irrespective of the outcome of PTCA. However, patients with successful PTCA returned to work significantly sooner. The occurrence of chest pain during follow-up in these patients was an important predictor of return to work, irrespective of the outcome of dilatation. In patients with chest pain during follow-up, only 77% were working, compared with 90% of patients who had not had chest pain.
Abstract 18: Aco Payment Models And The Use Of Discretionary And Non-discretionary Cardiovascular Care

Background: Accountable care organizations (ACOs) seek to limit discretionary health care spending while ensuring high-quality care. We studied spending patterns in cardiovascular care, one of the largest cost centers for Medicare patients, in hospitals enrolled in an ACO pilot program, the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration (PGPD). Methods: To estimate spending on discretionary and non-discretionary cardiovascular care in for beneficiaries in PGPD and non-PGPD care systems, we performed a quasi-experimental analyses comparing pre-intervention (2001-2004) and post-intervention (2005-2009) rates of use of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures. We studied ten physician groups across the United States. The intervention group was composed of fee-for-service Medicare patients (n=990,177) receiving care from the groups participating in the practices in the PGPD. Controls were Medicare patents (n=7,514,453) from the same regions who received care from non-PGPD physicians. Our main outcome measure was the difference in the rate of discretionary imaging and procedures in PGPD practices compared to control practices, before and after implementation of ACO payment models (difference-in-difference). We studied this for carotid and coronary imaging, in both discretionary and non-discretionary clinical settings. Results: As expected, before and after PGPD implementation, at both PGPD sites and their controls, the rates of carotid and coronary imaging and procedures were higher in non-discretionary situations when compared to discretionary clinical situations (55% versus 22%, p<0.001). For discretionary carotid and coronary imaging, the differences in the rate of change in imaging use before and after the ACO implementation period was minimal (carotid imaging difference between PGPD and controls, 0.25% (95% CI -0.44%-0.95%, discretionary coronary imaging difference between PGPD and controls, 0.06% (95% CI -0.45%-0.58%). Similarly, the differences in the rate of change in discretionary revascularization procedure use before and after ACO implementation was minimal between PGPD sites and controls (carotid revascularization 0.003% 95% CI -0.008%- 0.002%, coronary revascularization -0.13%, 95% CI -0.30% - 0.029%). Similar results were seen for non-discretionary cardiovascular imaging and procedures. Conclusion: Little evidence exists to suggest that ACO payment models will save money by limiting discretionary cardiovascular imaging or procedures.
Turbulent Diffusion in Three Dimensions

In this chapter, we review, and in some cases expand, the material in Thomson (1987) on the probability density function (PDF) for turbulent flow, the Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations for stochastic models of turbulent diffusion, the well-mixed criterion, and solutions for the “drift” and “diffusion” coefficients in the stochastic differential equations. He began with general forms of the Lagrangian and Eulerian stochastic differential equations [Eqs. (4) and (5), respectively, in his text] and ended with the “simplest” of the possible solutions for the nonstationary, three-dimensional Langevin equation [see his Eqs. (24), (32), and the line following (32)]. There are few, if any, hints as to how his Eq. (32) was derived. The main purpose of this chapter is to follow the mathematical processes that lead from Eq. (4) toward Eq. (32), based on suggestions from Brian Sawford (1992, unpublished lecture; 1993, private communications). Our procedure is similar to that in section 7.2 for the one-dimensional case. In addition, we derive the three-dimensional random displacement model.
Technology, Information, and Modern Warfare: Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century

In international law there are two long-recognized conflicts: one between self-determination and non-intervention, and the other between self-defense and non-intervention. In Sect. I, Wayne McCormack examines the first conflict in the context of informational warfare, concluding that supplying information (or misinformation) in a foreign conflict with the objective of altering the course of the conflict is within the acknowledged sovereignty rights of a state and does not violate the non-interference right of the state in conflict. In Sect. II, Deen Chatterjee examines the other conflict—that between self-defense and non-intervention. He claims that the provision of preventive war in self-defense can get unduly interventionist, especially in the context of cyber warfare, making the world less secure. To counter this prospect, Chatterjee suggests that countries should promote prevention in non-interventionist terms by relying on the soft power of diplomacy and collaboration.
Complete regression of a symptomatic, mycotic juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm after treatment with fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair.

Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare and present unique challenges when potential treatment options are considered. Although aortic resection with in situ grafting techniques or extra-anatomic reconstruction are the treatments of choice, endovascular aortic repair has emerged as a suitable alternative in critically ill patients. We report the successful endovascular repair of a symptomatic, mycotic juxtarenal aortic aneurysm using a physician-modified fenestrated endograft. In this patient, with >6 months of follow-up, the aneurysm has completely regressed, illustrating that in select patients with complex mycotic aneurysms, endovascular repair combined with appropriate medical management is a viable treatment strategy.
Subtyping Pervasive Developmental Disorder

The use of the diagnostic term pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), as well as the value and purpose of subtyping the PDD has been a controversial issue. Such subtyping has been particularly relevant to disorders that are considered to be in the higher-functioning range of PDD. This chapter presents the author’s own development of thought on this topic, and is divided into four main sections. The first is a selective review of opinion regarding the diagnosis of children with severe social withdrawal prior to the initial efforts of the American Psychiatric Association (1980,1987) to provide diagnostic criteria for this clinical spectrum. Focusing on some of the findings from a study addressing the validity of PDD subtypes, the second section considers the prevailing diagnostic system (APA, 1994). The third section discusses research findings and clinical examples that support or contradict the presently accepted subtyping. The chapter concludes with a brief review of the present state of knowledge with some consideration of the ongoing research questions and how this can enhance clinical practice for those assessing and treating young people with severe developmental/psychiatric disorders.
Abstract 188: Selective Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration by Targeting Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Introduction: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of mammalian plasminogen activators and an important regulator of cell migration. We have shown that tiplaxtinin, a small molecule, specific inhibitor of PAI-1, inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a murine vein graft model. However, little is known about the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 on vascular cell migration under physiologically relevant conditions. Methods: We studied the effects of tiplaxtinin on migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Results: Tiplaxtinin significantly inhibited migration of murine SMCs through 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen matrix in a concentration-dependent manner. Tiplaxtinin did not inhibit SMC proliferation, and it did not inhibit migration of PAI-1-deficient SMCs, suggesting that tiplaxtinin’s effect on SMCs was non-toxic and PAI-1-dependent. The anti-migratory effect of tiplaxtinin on SMCs was preserved in collagen 3-D matrix containing vitronectin and...
Notes on the Morphology, Taxonomy, and Distribution of the Idiostolidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)

The morphology of Trisecus pictus Bergroth, T. armatus Woodward, and Monteithocoris hirsutus Woodward is described, compared with that of Idiostolus insularis Berg (described earlier), and these groups' relationships are discussed. These 4 species comprise the Idiostolidae, which in some respects is primitive in the land Heteroptera. T. pictus and I. insularis are redescribed; the latter is very variable. The family is circum-Antarctic in distribution, I. insularis being found in southern South America and the others in Tasmania and eastern Australia. The 2nd and 4th instars of I. insularis are described.
Epidemiological Analysis on 678 Cases of Brucellosis,Anyang City,2004-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis cases in Anyang city,so as to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods SPSS 16.0statistical software and Excel were used on epidemic data of 678 cases of brucellosis for statistical analysis. Results The incidence rate of brucellosis in Anyang city fluctuated at 0.21/105-3.53/105,with an average annual incidence rate of 1.41/105.Concentrated at the age of40-60 years old,more men than women,there was a significant difference between male and female incidence(P0.01);The total incidence of 88.64% were farmers;With cases throughout the year,peaks in March-June,May was the most,accounting for 16.52% of all the year;Infections were diversified,mainly infected due to direct contact,accounting for72.73%,seeking for treatment within three months after the onset accounted for 83.48%,most of the patients in the acute period got treatment. Conclusion The overall epidemic tendency of brucellosis is rising in Anyang city during 2004-2012.
HIV-1-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptors Based on Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Although the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) based on single-chain antibodies for gene immunotherapy of cancers is increasing due to promising recent results, the earliest CAR therapeutic trials were done for HIV-1 infection in the late 1990s. This approach utilized a CAR based on human CD4 as a binding domain and was abandoned for a lack of efficacy. The growing number of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) offers the opportunity to generate novel CARs that may be more active and revisit this modality for HIV-1 immunotherapy. We used sequences from seven well-defined BNAbs varying in binding sites and generated single-chain-antibody-based CARs. These CARs included 10E8, 3BNC117, PG9, PGT126, PGT128, VRC01, and X5. Each novel CAR exhibited conformationally relevant expression on the surface of transduced cells, mediated specific proliferation and killing in response to HIV-1-infected cells, and conferred potent antiviral activity (reduction of viral replication in log10 units) to transduced CD8(+) T lymphocytes. The antiviral activity of these CARs was reproducible but varied according to the strain of virus. These findings indicated that BNAbs are excellent candidates for developing novel CARs to consider for the immunotherapeutic treatment of HIV-1.While chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) using single-chain antibodies as binding domains are growing in popularity for gene immunotherapy of cancers, the earliest human trials of CARs were done for HIV-1 infection. However, those trials failed, and the approach was abandoned for HIV-1. The only tested CAR against HIV-1 was based on the use of CD4 as the binding domain. The growing availability of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) affords the opportunity to revisit gene immunotherapy for HIV-1 using novel CARs based on single-chain antibodies. Here we construct and test a panel of seven novel CARs based on diverse BNAb types and show that all these CARs are functional against HIV-1.
Psychosocial constructs were not mediators of intervention effects for dietary and physical activity outcomes in a church-based lifestyle intervention: Delta Body and Soul III.

Objective Evaluating an intervention’s theoretical basis can inform design modifications to produce more effective interventions. Hence the present study’s purpose was to determine if effects from a multicomponent lifestyle intervention were mediated by changes in the psychosocial constructs decisional balance, self-efficacy and social support. Design Delta Body and Soul III, conducted from August 2011 to May 2012, was a 6-month, church-based, lifestyle intervention designed to improve diet quality and increase physical activity. Primary outcomes, diet quality and aerobic and strength/flexibility physical activity, as well as psychosocial constructs, were assessed via self-report, interviewer-administered surveys at baseline and post intervention. Mediation analyses were conducted using ordinary least squares (continuous outcomes) and maximum likelihood logistic (dichotomous outcomes) regression path analysis. Setting Churches (five intervention and three control) were recruited from four counties in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of the USA. Subjects Rural, Southern, primarily African-American adults ( n 321). Results Based upon results from the multiple mediation models, there was no evidence that treatment (intervention v . control) indirectly influenced changes in diet quality or physical activity through its effects on decisional balance, self-efficacy and social support. However, there was evidence for direct effects of social support for exercise on physical activity and of self-efficacy for sugar-sweetened beverages on diet quality. Conclusions Results do not support the hypothesis that the psychosocial constructs decisional balance, self-efficacy and social support were the theoretical mechanisms by which the Delta Body and Soul III intervention influenced changes in diet quality and physical activity.
Infectious disease: Diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis - a difficult update.

A recent study proposed a modified version of the current diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis, but the value of the modifications is unclear and the study design limits conclusions about the validity of the new criteria. Instead, the suggested changes might contribute to future revision of the existing diagnostic criteria.
O podobieństwie metod testowania teorii w naukach historycznych i "ścisłych"

Frequent claims appear in the Christian science/faith literature, and in popular discussions of science, that the historical sciences (cosmology, astronomy, geology, evolutionary biology, anthropology, archaeology) are fundamentally different from the “hard” sciences, and that their scientific conclusions are less rigorous and less testable. It is argued that the historical sciences deal with unrepeatable events and are therefore not experimental. Furthermore, because past events and processes are not directly observable, theories of origins are deemed inferior or less certain than studies of present processes. This view commonly finds expression in statements like: “No one was there so we can never know what really happened.” Scientific claims about Earth and biological history are then dismissed as untestable speculation. These various perceptions of historical science represent serious misunderstandings of both the nature of experiment and theory testing, and the character of scientific “proof.” It is my hope that this brief essay will serve both to expose widely held misconceptions about the nature of science and to demonstrate that historical science is rigorously testable.
The relationship between the polymorphisms of RFC and methotrexate resistance

The best characterized methotrexate (MTX) transporter is the reduced folate carrier (RFC),whose gene polymorphism is one of the reasons causing MTX resistance. Based on the studies in rencent years,we have known that synthesis of mutant RFC or loss of RFC transcripts and proteins results in antifolate resistance due to incomplete inhibition of cellular enzyme targets and insufficient substrate for polyglutamate synthesis. So additional human RFC structural and mechanistic studies are absolutely essential. This paper summarizes an association between the polymorphisms of RFC and MTX resistance, which can provide a basis for clinical treatment. Key words: Reduced folate carrier; Gene polymorphism; Gene expression; Methotrexate; Drug sensitivity
Impedance-pH monitoring on medications does not reliably confirm the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients referred for antireflux surgery.

The gold standard for the objective diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is ambulatory-pH monitoring off medications. Increasingly, impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring on medications is being used to evaluate refractory symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether an MII-pH test on medications can reliably detect the presence of GERD. Patients referred for persistent reflux symptoms despite pH confirmed adequate acid suppression (DeMeester score ≤14.7) were reviewed retrospectively. All patients who originally had MII-pH testing on medications were re-evaluated with an off medication Bravo-pH study. Acid exposure results (defined by off medication Bravo) were compared to the original on medication MII-pH. There were 49 patients who met study criteria (median age 51). Patients had normal acid exposure during their MII-pH test on medications (average DMS 4.35). Impedance was abnormal (normal ≤47) in 25 of the 49 patients (51%). On subsequent Bravo-pH off medications, 37 patients (75.7%) showed increased esophageal acid exposure (average DMS 36.4). Bravo-pH testing was abnormal in 84% of patients with abnormal MII testing and in 67% with normal MII testing. The sensitivity and specificity of an abnormal MII-pH on medications for increased esophageal acid exposure off medications was 56.8 and 66.7%, respectively. The positive predictive value of confirming GERD from an abnormal MII-pH on medications is 84%, while the negative predictive value is 33.3%. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and the area under the curve was 0.71, indicating that MII-pH on medications is a fair test (0.7–0.8) in diagnosing pathologic GERD. Compared to the gold standard, MII-pH on medications does not reliably confirm the presence of GERD. Excellent outcomes with antireflux surgery are dependent on the presence of GERD; thus, patients should not be offered antireflux surgery until GERD is confirmed with pH testing off medications.
Bounding Species Distribution Models

Species distribution models are increasing in popularity for mapping suitable habitat for species of management concern. Many investigators now recognize that extrapolations of these models with geographic information systems (GIS) might be sensitive to the environmental bounds of the data used in their development, yet there is no recommended best practice for "clamping" model extrapolations. We relied on two commonly used modeling approaches: classification and regression tree (CART) and maximum entropy (Maxent) models, and we tested a simple alteration of the model extrapolations, bounding extrapolations to the maximum and minimum values of primary environmental predictors, to provide a more realistic map of suitable habitat of hybridized Africanized honey bees in the southwestern United States. Findings suggest that multiple models of bounding, and the most conservative bounding of species distribution models, like those presented here, should probably replace the unbounded or loosely bounded techniques currently used [Current Zoology 57 (5): 642-647, 2011].
Understanding Students’ Incentives for and Barriers to Out-of-Class Participation: Profile of Civil Engineering Student Engagement

AbstractThis study aims to provide a nuanced profile of civil engineering students’ out-of-class engagement by exploring the supporting incentives and barriers to involvement and the related outcom...
Secure smartphone application-based text messaging in emergency department, a system implementation and review of literature.

Abstract Background The utilization of smartphone-based technology and applications to streamline patient care provides an exciting opportunity for quality improvement research. As traditional communication methods such as paging have repeatedly been shown to be susceptible to errors and inefficiency that can delay patient care, smartphones continue to be investigated as means of improving inter-hospital communication and patient outcomes. Methods and materials We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed, MEDLINE using the keywords Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Compliant Group Messaging (HCGM), text paging communication, secure hospital text message, HIPAA text message, and secure hospital communication. The search considered studies published until January 2018. Only English-language studies were included. We reviewed the reference lists of included articles for additional studies, as well. Abstracts, unpublished data, and duplicate articles were excluded. Results 569 studies were screened and assessed for eligibility with 35 meeting the inclusion criteria. 15 of these studies are data-driven with topics of investigation ranging from facilitation of communication (40%), security (33%), provider/patient satisfaction with communication (26%), diagnostic assistance (20%), demographics of use (13%), time spent in communication (13%), and finances (7%). Sample size per study varied from 30 to 10,000 encounters. Conclusions The use of smartphones can positively impact patient care; however, these benefits must be balanced with the responsibility to protect patient privacy and confidentiality. In order to continue to support HCGM's expansion and integration into daily practice, further data-driven studies into HCGM-specific interventions must be pursued.
High-Temperature Static Fatigue in Ceramics

During the past decade, the growing utilization of high-performance ceramic materials in energy conversion and conservation applications, optical communications systems, and metal working applications has generated much work on fatigue of ceramics. Kossowsky (1) has shown cyclic fatigue effects in hot-pressed silicon nitride at temperatures between 1000°C and 1200°C, while no fatigue behavior was observed at low temperatures, i.e., 200°C. Seaton and Katz (2) have shown that acoustic fatigue caused strength degradation in TiB2, whereas acoustic loading of the same magnitude did not affect hot-pressed silicon nitride. Quinn (3) has demonstrated that thermal fatigue of hot-pressed SiC becomes significant between 500 and 10,000 thermal excursions to 1,370°C.
The development of a course covering scripting languages and their applications

Our newly developed course introduces students to the design and use of scripting languages for web development and rapid prototyping. The course also seeks to improve student understanding of language design and construction by exposing them to the different language paradigms found in the three languages Perl, JavaScript, and Python. The course includes lectures and assignments on topics common to these scripting languages such as regular expressions and web protocols. Since the introduction of the course, increasing numbers of students are now using a scripting language for their senior project, rather than a compiled language such a Java or C++. Students are able to make faster progress in their senior projects because the use of these languages enables them to spend more effort on problem solving and less effort on getting their programs to work. Their successful experiences in prototyping applications mirror many current industrial practices.
Testing of brick masonry piers at seventy years

A series of experiments were done to evaluate various types of nondestructive methods that are commonly used for measuring mechanical properties of masonry structures. Test samples consisted of a set of unreinforced brick piers which were extracted from a building that was constructed in 1917. Data is presented related to the velocity of ultrasonic and sonic waves, the shear resistance of individual bricks to a horizontal shove force, and estimates of vertical compressive stress from induced stress normal to bed joints. Estimates of shear strength are correlated with the actual strength of test piers loaded to failure in the laboratory.