cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Donation After Circulatory Death Lungs Transplantable Up to Six Hours After Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Background Despite the critical need for donor lungs, logistic and geographic barriers hinder lung utilization. We hypothesized that lungs donated after circulatory death subjected to 6 hours of cold preservation after ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) would have similar outcomes after transplantation as lungs transplanted immediately after EVLP, and that both would perform superiorly compared with lungs transplanted immediately after procurement. Methods Donor porcine lungs were procured after circulatory death and 15 minutes of warm ischemia. Three groups (n = 5 per group) were randomized: immediate left lung transplantation (Immediate group), EVLP for 4 hours followed by transplantation (EVLP group), or EVLP for 4 hours followed by 6 hours of cold preservation followed by transplantation (EVLP+Cold group). Lungs were reperfused for 2 hours before obtaining pulmonary vein samples for partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio calculations, airway pressures for compliance measurements, and wet/dry weight ratios. Results The partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratios in the EVLP and EVLP+Cold groups were significantly improved compared with those in the Immediate group (429.7 ± 51.8 and 436.7 ± 48.2 versus 117.4 ± 22.9 mm Hg, respectively). In addition, dynamic compliance was significantly improved in the EVLP and EVLP+Cold groups compared with immediate group (26.2 ± 4.2 and 27.9 ± 3.5 versus 11.1 ± 2.4 mL/cmH 2 O, respectively). There were no differences in oxygenation capacity or dynamic compliance between the EVLP and EVLP+Cold groups. Inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly lower in the EVLP and EVLP+Cold groups. Conclusions Lungs donated after circulatory death can be successfully transplanted as much as 6 hours after EVLP. Cold preservation of lungs after ex vivo assessment and rehabilitation may improve organ allocation, even to distant recipients, without compromising allograft function.
The Longitudinal Impact of Perceptions of Parental Monitoring on Adolescent Initiation of Sexual Activity

Abstract Purpose The association between parental monitoring and adolescent behavior is well established. Past research suggests that parents monitor adolescent activities through parental control, solicitation of information, and youth disclosure, which increase parents' knowledge of youth activity leading to decreased risk behavior. However, there is mixed evidence of the impact of these efforts on sexual behavior. We examined these strategies from the adolescent perspective and assessed their impact on the initiation of sexual activity across the transition from middle school to high school. Methods Analyses include 533 primarily Latino adolescents, who had not yet had sex in eighth grade and were surveyed yearly through 10th grade. Results Adolescents who in eighth grade reported greater parental knowledge and more family rules about dating were less likely to initiate sex between eighth and 10th grade. Exchange of information, through parental solicitation and youth disclosure, and parental control, through rules about friends and dating, as well as maternal relationship satisfaction were significant predictors of parental knowledge. There were no gender differences in the impact of dating rules and parental knowledge on sexual initiation, but the paths to acquiring knowledge did differ by gender. Conclusions Results suggest that parental monitoring at earlier ages has an impact on sexual initiation. Effective monitoring is an active process within a family that includes setting boundaries and exchanging information. Interventions that encourage family rules, provide strategies for improving parental solicitation of information, and increase youth disclosure by enhancing the maternal-child relationship may be more likely to impact sexual initiation.
Root mean square (RMS) factor for assessing spectral fragmentation in flexible grid optical networks

The RMS factor is proposed as a novel measure to quantify spectral fragmentation. Simulation results show that RMS is more effective than the existing measures when used to determine the routing and spectrum assignment.
Interpretación y Arquitectura mayas: Chichén Itzá como parte de la Narrativa de Patrimonio Cultural

La Arquitectura actua como la personificacion visual de la cultura en el turismo patrimonial, sugiriendo una historia narrativa de “lugar”. En Chichen Itza los temas sobre comercializacion y desarrollo han eclipsado en ocasiones esta narrativa cultural en lugar de volverse ellos mismos aspectos centrales para comprender el complejo arquitectonico como un moderno sitio de la identidad maya en el Yucatan. Desde los origenes del turismo en masa en el area en los anos 70 y enormemente afectado por la creciente industria turistica, el lugar ha visto llegar a turistas de todo el mundo para experimentar los restos arqueologicos por motivos religiosos, espirituales, educativos y de ocio. Sin embargo y pese a esta fama, la interpretacion de Chichen Itza es representativa de un numero de temas comunmente asociados a la presentacion de lugares arqueologicos particularmente la introduccion del turismo en masa y el cambio hacia la comercializacion y accesibilidad del sitio a expensas del patrimonio maya local. A pesar de estas significativas preocupaciones, el complejo de Chichen Itza puede ser interpretado como representativo tanto de las antiguas como de las modernas poblaciones mayas a traves de la participacion activa de los residentes locales mayas en la gestion arqueologica del sitio y a traves de la conexion teologica de la interpretacion de las practicas culturales de los antiguos maya. La interpretacion patrimonial ejemplifica un discurso en creciente desarrollo y crecientemente multidimensionado, donde las practicas que estan surgiendo son investigadas, permitiendo un gradiente de practicas “exitosas” que son juzgadas utilizando diversos criterios. De forma paralela a la antigua estructura e historia politicas mayas y bajo estos criterios emergentes, la interpretacion del sitio puede ser contada a traves de las conexiones historicas mayas, poniendo el acento sobre la investigacion del pasado para buscar pistas y acomodando las cambiantes necesidades en arquitectura.
Actor-citic agorithms

We propose and analyze a class of actor-critic algorithms for simulation-based optimization of a Markov decision process over a parameterized family of randomized stationary policies. These are two-time-scale algorithms in which the critic uses TD learning with a linear approximation architecture and the actor is updated in an approximate gradient direction based on information provided by the critic. We show that the features for the critic should span a subspace prescribed by the choice of parameterization of the actor. We conclude by discussing convergence properties and some open problems.
Evolution of avian encephalomyelitis virus during embryo-adaptation

Wild-type avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) causes neurological signs in young chicks but no disease in pullets after oral or intracutaneous infection. However, if the virus gets embryo-adapted by serial passaging in chicken embryos, it will cause AE after intracutaneous infection in chickens of all ages. Recently, several cases of AE in layer pullets occurring shortly after intracutaneous vaccination were described. The present investigation was initiated to determine if vaccines that had inadvertently been embryo-adapted were responsible for these outbreaks. Virus isolation was done from two vaccines and one field sample. One of the vaccines had been used in one of the flocks before the outbreak. After the first passage, regardless of the inoculum, no embryo was paralyzed, indicating that the vaccines and the field isolate were not embryo-adapted. After seven passages all three strains were fully embryo-adapted causing typical lesions in the embryos. Viral load as determined by RT-qPCR remained constant during the passages. Partial sequences of the VP2 gene of vaccines, the field sample and four other field isolates were nearly identical and highly similar to published sequences from all over the world; only sequences originating from non-vaccinated birds were clearly set apart. Analysis of whole genomes identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that distinguished wild-type and embryo-adapted strains. Sanger sequencing brains and nerves of the five field isolates and of the first, third and fifth passages of the isolates showed that the mutations indicating embryo-adaptation were first observed in the fifth passage.
Resonance frequencies of honeybee (Apis mellifera) wings.

During flight, insect wings bend and twist under the influence of aerodynamic and inertial forces. We tested whether wing resonance of honeybees (Apis mellifera) matches the wingbeat frequency, against the 'stiff element' hypothesis that the wing's first longitudinal mode exceeds the wingbeat frequency. Six bees were immobilized with their right wing pair outspread, and stimulated with a shaker while the normal modes were recorded with a scanning Doppler laser vibrometer. The lowest normal mode of the wings was the first longitudinal bending mode and, at 602±145 Hz, was greater than the wingbeat frequency of 234±13.9 Hz. Higher-order normal modes of the wing tended to incorporate nodal lines in the chordwise direction of the trailing edge, suggesting that their mode shape did not strongly resemble wing deformation during flapping flight. These results support the stiff element hypothesis for Apis mellifera.
When Avoidance Is Mutual Regulation: Disorganized Attachment and Analytic Attunement

This paper looks at and counters the notion that the analyst’s reluctance to know, to comprehend and interpret, the fuller meaning of a patient’s behavior is a countertransference avoidance. Drawing on attachment theory and infant research that has not yet been fully integrated into the clinical literature, the author believes that the movement from enactment to the expression of dissociated feeling is a process that leads to the creation of previously unknown meaning within an analytic impasse. The infant research literature and the literature on disorganized attachment is referenced to elucidate aspects of the clinical process. The clinical material presented involves the analyst’s failure to engage a patient’s chronic lateness, a failure that represented a mutual avoidance. The meaning of this enactment was locked in the patient’s traumatic past and could not be transmuted into new relational experience until the analyst had emerged from her own dissociative state. The therapeutic space created by thei...
6 Binegativity: Attitudes Toward and Stereotypes About Bisexual Individuals

Research indicates that bisexual individuals face unique stressors due to the stigmatization of bisexuality (i.e., negative attitudes toward and stereotypes about bisexual people, referred to as binegativity) and these stressors contribute to the health disparities that they experience. It is critical to understand the components of binegativity and factors that influence binegativity in order to develop effective strategies to reduce this stigma and resultant stressors that contribute to health disparities affecting bisexual people. The objective of this chapter is to review the empirical research on binegativity, including its core components and correlates, as well as promising interventions for reducing this stigma. Several conclusions can be drawn from our review. First, binegativity includes hostility toward bisexual people, stereotypes that bisexuality is an unstable and illegitimate sexual orientation, and stereotypes that bisexual individuals are sexually irresponsible (e.g., unfaithful in relationships, have sexually transmitted infections). Second, there are gender and sexual orientation differences in binegativity, such it is more strongly endorsed by a heterosexual individuals compared to gay and lesbian individuals and among heterosexual men compared to heterosexual women. Heterosexual men also report more negative attitudes toward bisexual men than toward bisexual women. Third, binegativity is associated with other factors, such as demographic characteristics (e.g., older age; and lower income and education) and conservative beliefs. Fourth, experimental studies confirm self-report findings that bisexual individuals are perceived more negatively than gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals. Finally, research is beginning to develop strategies to improve attitudes toward bisexual individuals (e.g., intergroup contact and multicultural education), which have the potential to reduce health disparities affecting this population.
Interpretation Time Using a Concurrent-Read Computer-Aided Detection System for Automated Breast Ultrasound in Breast Cancer Screening of Women With Dense Breast Tissue

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy and interpretation time of screening automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) for women with dense breast tissue without and with u...
Health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression and distress of mothers and fathers of children on Home parenteral nutrition

Background & aims: Parents of children with intestinal failure, dependent on Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN), may experience psychosocial problems due to the illness and intensive treatment of their child. Literature concerning psychosocial problems is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), levels of anxiety, depression, distress and everyday problems of these mothers and fathers. Methods: A multicenter study was conducted among 37 mothers and 25 fathers of 37 children on HPN (response-rate 37/49 = 76%, mean age children = 5.1 years, SD = 4.6). Parents completed three questionnaires to measure different outcomes on the KLIK website (www.hetklikt.nu): the TNO-AZL QOL Questionnaire (TAAQOL) to measure HRQOL, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure anxiety and depression, and the Distress Thermometer for Parents (DT-P) to measure distress. Scores were compared to Dutch reference mothers and fathers using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Results: No differences were found in HRQOL, measured by the TAAQOL, between HPN parents compared to the reference groups, except for the subscale ‘depressive emotions’ for mothers (p =.01) and ‘daily activities’ for fathers (p =.04). HPN mothers reported higher levels of depression compared to reference mothers (p =.001). In addition, HPN mothers and fathers reported higher levels of distress than reference mothers (p =.001) and fathers (p =.03). HPN mothers reported significantly more problems in the practical, emotional, cognitive and parenting domains, fathers in the social, emotional and parenting domains. Conclusions: On HRQOL, anxiety and depression, HPN parents generally did not show much differences compared to reference parents. However, when asked about parental distress and everyday problems, HPN treatment of their child seems highly stressful for some parents and influences daily functioning. Therefore, structural screening for parental psychosocial problems in clinical practice, e.g. using the DT-P, is necessary in order to improve the well-being of both these parents and their children dependent on HPN.
On the charge asymmetry in$$K_L \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - \pi ^0 $$О зарядовой асимметрии в$$K_L \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - \pi ^0 $$

Analysis of the decay\(K_L \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - \pi ^0 \) suggests that additional information in the form of theCP violation can be obtained by a more sensitive measurement of the charge asymmetry. In particular, we show that if the current-current interaction has validity and the once-integrated commutation relations hold, then one can check whether e'≪e independently of the relation\(|\eta _{ + - } | \simeq |\eta _{00} |\).
Influence of deformation induced nanoscale twinning and FCC-HCP transformation on hardening and texture development in medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy

Abstract Texture evolution during room-temperature tensile testing of recrystallized equimolar CrCoNi was studied using electron backscatter diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging on specimens from interrupted tests. Dominant deformation mechanisms included slip at low strains and deformation twinning at larger strains, which were accompanied by the development of a strong texture parallel to the tensile axis. Highly deformed material also contained nanotwin/hcp lamellae, which have previously been hypothesized to act as potent barriers for non-coplanar dislocations. To examine this hypothesis, mean-field modeling was performed using the viscoplastic self-consistent framework with varying ratios for hardening by slip and twinning. In the optimal model, twinning produced approximately three times as much non-coplanar hardening as slip, which is larger than previous observations in other twinning-induced plasticity materials that do not form twin/hcp lamellae. Additional full-field elasto-viscoplastic simulations were performed using the fast Fourier transform (EVP-FFT) method to examine intragranular rotation and the effect of initial grain orientation on the deformation mode. Grains with initial orientations near had the greatest propensity for deformation twinning while grains near were more likely to deform by slip even at large strains. Excellent quantitative agreement was obtained between the experiments and EVP-FFT model.
Dual-Energy CT-Derived Iodine Content and Spectral Attenuation Analysis of Metastatic Versus Nonmetastatic Lymph Nodes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx

The presence of a single nodal metastasis has significant prognostic and treatment implications for patients with head and neck cancer. This study aims to investigate whether dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-derived iodine content and spectral attenuation curve analysis can improve detection of nodal metastasis in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Eight patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and pathologically proven nodal metastatic disease (n = 13 metastatic nodes; n = 16 nonmetastatic nodes) who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT of the neck were retrospectively evaluated. DECT-derived iodine content (mg/mL) and monoenergetic attenuation values at 40 keV and 100 keV were obtained via circular regions of interest within metastatic and nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes. Iodine content was significantly lower in metastatic nodes (0.96 ± 0.28 mg/mL) than in nonmetastatic nodes (1.65 ± 0.38 mg/mL; P = .002). Iodine spectral attenuation slope was significantly lower in metastatic nodes (1.33 ± 0.49 mg/mL) than in nonmetastatic nodes (1.91 ± 0.64 mg/mL; P = .015). A nodal iodine threshold of ≤1.3 mg/mL showed a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 75.0%, with an area under the curve of 0.839, P < .0001. At a threshold value of ≤1.95 for nodal spectral attenuation slope, an optimized specificity of 92.3% and specificity of 50.0% was achieved, with an area under the curve of 0.68 (P = .049). DECT-derived quantitative iodine data and spectral attenuation curves may improve the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography for nodal metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx.
Cyberail simulation

Castle Automated Systems manufacturers Cyberail, an automated system for transporting materials within hospitals—meals, linen, trash, mail, paperwork, drugs, and so forth. Although early models of the system are in use in hospitals in Europe, and Cyberail is planned for installation in a number of new hospitals in the U.S., there is as yet no operating experience with the new system. Early in engineering development, Castle recognized that it would be quite possible to design a system, all of whose components worked satisfactorily, but which would be considered unsatisfactory by users if they found excessive delays due to poor layout or lack of equipment.Designing a suitable configuration of tracks, switches, stations, and parking for a particular hospital was a problem which rapidly outran one's ability to analyze mentally. Therefore Castle retained Arthur D. Little, Inc., which was doing a major portion of the engineering design, to construct a simulation of the system. The intent was to have a computer model on which proposed configurations of equipment could be subjected to the anticipated pattern of demands in a particular hospital. In this way Castle could be assured that its proposed layouts would not produce excessive delays due to bottlenecks or shortages and yet would be no more elaborate and expensive than necessary.
A graph-oriented knowledge representation and unification technique for automatically selecting and invoking software functions

An interface to information systems that can automatically select, sequence, and invoke the sources needed to satisfy a user's request can have great practical value. It can spare the user from the need to know what information is available from each of the sources, and how to access them. We have developed and implemented a graph-oriented technique for representing software modules and databases, along with unification and search algorithms that enable an interface to perform this automatic programming function. The approach works for a large class of useful requests, in a tractable amount of run time. The approach permits the logical integration of preexisting batch application programs and databases. It may also be used in other situations requiring automatic selection of software functions to obtain information specified in a declarative expression.
Exploring Inner-Sphere Water Interactions of Fe(II) and Co(II) Complexes of 12-Membered Macrocycles To Develop CEST MRI Probes.

Several paramagnetic Co(II) and Fe(II) macrocyclic complexes were prepared with the goal of introducing a bound water ligand to produce paramagnetically shifted water 1H resonances and for paramagn...
Changes in Plant-Based Diet Quality and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Background: Plant-based diets have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are recommended for both health and environmental benefits. Howev...
Malignant transformation of choroidal nevus according to race in 3334 consecutive patients

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal nevus demographics, clinical features, imaging features, and the rate of transformation into melanoma by race. Methods: In this observational case series, There were 3334 participants (3806 choroidal nevi) at a single tertiary-referral center evaluated between January 2, 2007, and August 7, 2017. Retrospective chart and multimodal imaging review was performed. Patient demographics, tumor features, and outcomes were compared between different races using Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and analysis of variance. The main outcome measure was clinical features of choroidal nevus and the rate of transformation into melanoma by race. Results: Of the 3334 patients, there were Caucasian (n = 3167, 95%) and non-Caucasian (n = 167, 5%). The non-Caucasian races included African-American (n = 27,
Shared Medical Appointments: An Academic-Community Partnership to Improve Care Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in California Central Valley Region:

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ALDEA (Latinos con Diabetes en Accion), a Shared Medical Appointment (SMA) intervention, compared to usual primary care (UPC) fo...
IoT Devices with Non-interactive Key Management Protocol

The Internet was built with no security, so it is considered an unreliable network. All IoT devices use this unsecured Internet, making them vulnerable to various types of attacks. For IoT devices, the traditional encryption and validation approaches would not work because of their low memory and processing power. Hence, it is essential to design a lightweight encryption technique for IoT. In this paper, we presented a non-interactive key management and refreshment protocol for IoT devices that improve upon existing protocol Authenticated Key Management Protocols for the Internet of Things (AKMPIoT). The security analysis shows that the proposed protocol provides better security in terms of authentication, availability, confidentiality, integrity, perfect forward secrecy, and defends against attacks such as DoS and Man in the middle.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer remains the most common and second most deadly cancer diagnosed amongst U.S. men. External beam radiotherapy is a standard-of-care definitive treatment option for localized prostate cancer and historically constituted an 8-9-week treatment course comprised of 39-45 doses of 1.8-2.0 Gy each (conventional fractionation, CF). Based on the notion that prostate cancer may respond favorably to a higher dose per day, considerable research efforts have been focused on characterizing the safety and efficacy profile of shorter and shorter radiation courses. Ultrahypofractionation (UHF) involves condensing the radiation course into just 5-7 treatments of 6-8 Gy each. When utilizing modern techniques that allow the precise sculpting of a dose distribution that delivers high doses to the prostate and lower doses to surrounding normal tissues over five or fewer treatments, this treatment is called stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Two randomized trials (HYPO-RT-PC and PACE-B) have compared UHF to longer radiation courses. The former demonstrated that UHF and CF have similar long-term toxicity and efficacy, while the latter demonstrated that modern SBRT has equivalent short-term toxicity as well. A separate report from a consortium of studies data provides prospective, albeit nonrandomized, data supporting the longer-term safety and efficacy of SBRT specifically. Thus, mounting high-level evidence suggests that SBRT is an acceptable standard care of option for men with localized prostate cancer.
Bone Microvasculature: Stimulus for Tissue Function and Regeneration

Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascu...
Accessing NCBI data using the NCBI Sequence Viewer and Genome Data Viewer (GDV)

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is an archive providing free access to a wide range and large volume of biological sequence data and literature. Staff scientists at NCBI analyze user-submitted data in the archive, producing gene and SNP annotation and generating sequence alignment tools. NCBI's flagship genome browser, Genome Data Viewer (GDV), displays our in-house RefSeq annotation; is integrated with other NCBI resources such as Gene, dbGaP, and BLAST; and provides a platform for customized analysis and visualization. Here, we describe how members of the biomedical research community can use GDV and the related NCBI Sequence Viewer (SV) to access, analyze, and disseminate NCBI and custom biomedical sequence data. In addition, we report how users can add SV to their own web pages to create a custom graphical sequence display without the need for infrastructure investments or back-end deployments.
The evolution of cold nociception in drosophilid larvae and identification of a neural basis for cold acclimation

Abstract Cold temperatures can be fatal to insects, but many species have evolved the ability to cold acclimate, thereby increasing their cold tolerance. While there is a growing body of knowledge concerning the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance, relatively little is known concerning how insects sense noxious cold (cold nociception), or how cold nociception might function in cold tolerance. It has been previously shown that Drosophila melanogaster larvae perform highly stereotyped, cold-evoked behaviors under the control of noxious cold-sensing neurons (nociceptors) innervating the barrier epidermis. In the present study, we first sought to describe cold-nociceptive behavior among 11 drosophilid species with differing cold tolerances and from differing climates. Behavioral analyses revealed that the predominant cold-evoked response among drosophilid larvae is a head-to-tail contraction (CT) behavior, which is likely inherited from a common ancestor. However, despite lack of phylogenetic signal (suggesting trait lability), the CT behavior was transient and there was no clear evidence that cold sensitivity was related to thermal environment; collectively this suggests that the behavior might not be adaptive. We therefore sought to uncover an alternative way that cold nociception might be protective. Using a combination of cold-shock assays, optogenetics, electrophysiology, and methods to genetically disrupt neural transmission, we demonstrate that cold sensing neurons in Drosophila melanogaster (Class III nociceptors) are sensitized by and critical to cold acclimation. Moreover, we demonstrate that cold acclimation can be optogenetically-evoked, sans cold. Collectively, these findings reveal that cold nociception constitutes a peripheral neural basis for Drosophila larval cold acclimation. Significance Statement Many insects adapt to cold in response to developmental exposure to cool temperatures. While there is a growing body of knowledge concerning the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance, it is unknown how sensory neurons might contribute. Here, we show that noxious cold sensing (cold nociception) is widely present among drosophilid larvae, and that cold-sensing neurons (Class III cold nociceptors) are necessary and sufficient drivers of cold acclimation. This suggests that cold acclimation has, at least in part, a neural basis.
The Urban Phenomenon in Belén Gopegui’s Deseo de ser punk: or, Martina’s Acoustic Assault

This article adopts an urban cultural studies method in order to examine the representation of Henri Lefebvre’s urban phenomenon in Belen Gopegui’s Deseo de ser punk (2009). The narrative is focalized through the adolescent perspective of the protagonist/narrator Martina, a resident of Madrid, Spain, and portrays the development of the conflicting material bases of urbanized consciousness formation. Gopegui, moreover, explores how the alienation that attaches to urbanized consciousness can potentially give rise to counterhegemonic urban practices that oppose capital’s conceived city, leading climactically to Martina’s public demand for a renewed, lived city, what the alienated youth calls an acoustic assault.
Can Semantics Guide Ontology

Since the linguistic turn, many have taken semantics to guide ontology. Here, I argue that semantics can, at best, serve as a partial guide to ontological commitment. If semantics were to be our guide, semantic data and semantic treatments would need to be taken seriously. Through an examination of plurals and their treatments, I argue that there can be multiple, equally semantically adequate, treatments of a natural language theory. Further, such treatments can attribute different ontological commitments to a theory. Given this, I argue that semantics can fail to deliver determinate ontological commitments and determinate answers to ontological questions, more generally.
Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquitoes are flies in the insect family Culicidae which are the primary arthropod vectors of human diseases worldwide. They are particularly known as vectors of the agents of malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and filariasis in tropical countries. This chapter explores the biology, ecology, and disease relationships of mosquitoes, including discussion of the various mosquito groups (genera) and where each breeds, what animal hosts they feed on, and the like. Lastly, each of the major mosquito-borne diseases is presented and discussed, including their geographic distributions, mosquito vectors, and comments about their treatment, prevention, and control.
Education and Earnings in The Middle East: A Comparative Study of Returns To Schooling in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey

This paper presents a comparative study of private returns to schooling in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey using similar survey data and a uniform methodology. We employ three surveys for each country that span nearly two decades, ranging from 1987 to 2006. Our aim is to learn from survey data about the signals of rewards that individuals use in their decisions to invest in education. So we pay special attention to differences across countries and over time in the institutions of education and labor markets, and how these differences might be related to the observed patterns of rewards to education. We find a fair amount of consistency in the patterns of returns between the countries, as well as important differences that suggest the influence of institutions. We find that returns to education increase in years of schooling in all three countries, as one would expect in countries with relatively rigid labor markets, where heavy emphasis on higher terminal degrees reduce the value of basic education. Private returns to tertiary relative to upper secondary and vocational education are high, confirming that university education is highly attractive in these countries. Low returns to vocational training relative to general upper secondary, which have been observed in many developing countries, are true in Egypt and Iran, but not Turkey. We attempt to reconcile these facts with the institutional features of the countries and changes over time.
A SIMPLIFIED METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING THE FUNCTION OF ELOPEMENT

Functional analyses of elopement (i.e., leaving a specific area without permission) are challenging to conduct because clients must have repeated opportunities to elope from one room (or area) to another safely. These analyses often require two or more adjoining rooms and retrieval of the client following each instance of elopement (e.g., Piazza et al., 1997). These room arrangements may be impractical in some settings, and therapist delivery of attention or demands during retrieval may confound the results. To address these issues, we evaluated the viability of conducting a functional analysis (FA) of elopement within a single room. Participants were 2 children and 2 adults with developmental disabilities who eloped from rooms at their day programs. Results of the single-room assessments were compared to those of a second FA that was conducted using methods similar to those described in previous studies. Function-based treatments were implemented for each participant. Results suggest that the single-room assessment may be a viable alternative for identifying the function of elopement.
Effects of light and heavy equipment on acquisition of sports-type skills by young children.

Abstract This study was made to test certain hypotheses concerning proprioceptive facilitation by observing the relative effects of the use of lightweight and heavyweight equipment on the acquisition and retention of selected skills by second and third grade children. The 96 7-and 8-year-old children were equaled into four groups on the basis of summed scores derived from a five-item physical performance test battery. Each group consisted of 12 boys and 12 girls, ande were two equated groups in each grade level. One group at each grade level was randomly assigned to use lightweight plastic equipment, while the other grade group used the standard-type equipment classified as heavyweight equipment. Each lightweight group and each heavyweight group were taught the four sports-type skills and tested in the performance of the skill 2 days after the instructional lesson and retested 9 months later. It was concluded that the learning of sports-type skills by young children of limited strength may be facilitated ...
The Shapes and Supersonic Motions of Molecular Clouds

The energy source and mechanism for driving the supersonic motions in molecular clouds remain unknown. The unknown driving mechanism must exert an influence on the shape of molecular clouds [5]. We analyzed a sample of more than 500 molecular clouds identified with the BU-FCRAO Galactic Ring Survey (YRS) data, and found that they are preferentially elongated along the Galactic plane. Their spin axes are randomly oriented; therefore, we conclude that the elongation is supported by internal velocity anisotropy, but not by spin. The mechanism for driving the supersonic velocity dispersion must also account for the preferred elongation. This excludes some suggested mechanism, such as stellar winds and supernovae, because they do not produce the systemic elongation. Driving energy is more likely to come from large-scale motions, such as Galactic rotation.
Two-dimensional Benes network

The Benes network is extended in two dimensions. The control algorithm for the 2-D network is described, and the complexities of the 1-D and 2-D architectures are compared. It is shown that the 2-D Benes network has some advantages over the 1-D Benes network. The number of stages in the 2-D network is smaller than the corresponding number in the 1-D network. Also, the 2-D network requires fewer switching modules than the 1-D network. >
Speedtrap: internet-scale IPv6 alias resolution

Impediments to resolving IPv6 router aliases have precluded understanding the emerging router-level IPv6 Internet topology. In this work, we design, implement, and validate the first Internet-scale alias resolution technique for IPv6. Our technique, speedtrap, leverages the ability to induce fragmented IPv6 responses from router interfaces in a particular temporal pattern that produces distinguishing per-router fingerprints. Our algorithm surmounts three fundamental challenges to Internet-scale IPv6 alias resolution using fragment identifier values: (1) unlike for IPv4, the identifier counters on IPv6 routers have no natural velocity, (2) the values of these counters are similar across routers, and (3) the packet size required to collect inferences is 46 times larger than required in IPv4. We demonstrate the efficacy of the technique by producing router-level Internet IPv6 topologies using measurements from CAIDA's distributed infrastructure. Our preliminary work represents a step toward understanding the Internet's IPv6 router-level topology, an important objective with respect to IPv6 network resilience, security, policy, and longitudinal evolution.
Costly information production and optimal capital structuring: Theory and implications for finance and accounting

By considering a broad class of securities offerings that we termcapital structurings, a firm can always avoid pooling with firms whose prospects are poorer. This result implies that firms need not indulge in costly information gathering, hoping thereafter to signal to investors. One application allows us to describe a new theory of capital structurings, in which firms choose their capital structure not (as in traditional capital structure signaling theory) to signal privately known prospects, but rather to signal that no (productively useless) investigation of prospects has been pursued. A second application addresses the issue of the impossibility of informationally efficient capital markets: firms are capable of establishing conditions under which investors will recognize informational efficiency.
Antioxidant activity of tea catechins in different lipid systems

Tea catechins showed different trends in relative antioxidant activity in different lipid systems. In corn oil triglycerides oxidized at 50 °C, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were better antioxidants than epicatechin (EC) and catechin at 140 μM. Used as reference compounds, gallic acid (GA) was more active than propyl gallate (PG), and both were more effective than EC and catechin. However, in the corresponding corn oil-in-water emulsions, all tea catechins, GA, and PG were prooxidants at 5 and 20 μM by accelerating hydroperoxide and hexanal formation. In contrast, in soy lecithin liposomes oxidized at 50 °C, EGCG and PG were the best antioxidants, followed by EC, EGC, ECG, catechin, and GA at 20 μM. In liposomes oxidized at 37 °C with 10 μM cupric acetate, catechin and EC were better antioxidants than ECG, but EGCG, EGC, PG, and GA promoted lipid oxidation. The improved antioxidant activity observed for tea catechins in liposomes compared to emulsio...
SPHERICAL CELLULAR NONLINEAR NETWORKS

We present the structures and behaviors of cellular nonlinear networks (CNN) on spheres (spherical CNN for short). Although the cells in a spherical CNN can have any number of neighbors, in this paper we study the cases where each cell has only three neighbors. We present the simulation results of symmetric and asymmetric spherical CNNs. In our simulations, we use a Bucky-ball spherical CNN structure with 60 cells and an irregular spherical CNN structure with 100 cells. Since a spherical CNN has no boundary, we use an asymmetric spherical CNN to show how information propagates on spheres via local couplings. We also show that if a spherical CNN is locally active then different patterns can be found in its stable output.
Prediction of Solids Circulation Rate of Cork Particles in an Ambient-Pressure Pilot-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed

Circulating fluidized beds (CFB) are currently used in many industrial processes for noncatalytic and catalytic because its effective control is the key to smooth operation of a CFB system. This paper presents a method for solids flow metering from pressure drop measurements in the standpipe dense phase. A model based on the Ergun equation is developed to predict the solids flow rate and voidage in the dense phase of the standpipe. The profile of the solids flow rate under unsteady state is also presented. With the use of this method, the dynamic response time at different locations along the standpipe of a pilot-scale fluidized bed operating at ambient conditions with 812 mu m cork particles is estimated successfully. Through the use of a pressure balance analysis, solids flow models for the standpipe, riser, and other sections of the flow loop are combined to give an integrated CFB model.
Geomorphic and process domain controls on riparian zones in the Colorado Front Range

Delineation of riparian zones along mountain streams is complicated by substantial longitudinal variability in gradient and valley geometry and the lack of a floodplain along many stream reaches. We propose an approach to defining and delineating riparian zones based on site-specific geomorphic features and process domains, as well as the distribution of plant species. We then (1) evaluate which basin-scale (elevation and drainage area) and reach-scale (valley geometry, gradient, and channel width) parameters correlate with riparian width along mountain streams in the Colorado Front Range, and (2) test a three-parameter method for delineating the riparian edge, using geomorphology, hydrology, and vegetation. We identify four general process domains in the Colorado Front Range based on valley geometry and elevation, which reflect glacial history and hydroclimatology: confined, low elevation (CL); unconfined, low elevation (UL); confined, high elevation (CH); and unconfined, high elevation (UH). We utilize process domains because we hypothesize that reach-scale variables correlate more strongly than basin-scale variables with riparian width. The relationships between (i) connectedness, a valley geometry metric describing the average absolute distance from the channel edge to the valley edge, (ii) process domain, and (iii) riparian width were evaluated using a multiple linear regression. Collectively, these variables explained 86% of variability in field-delineated riparian zone width. Reach-scale processes exert a greater influence than longitudinally variable basin-scale parameters on riparian width in the mountainous watersheds of the Colorado Front Range. With respect to the three-parameter method, hydrologic relationships are applicable when comparing by process domain, allowing the stage associated with the riparian edge to be constrained between flow stages. Vegetation composition is significantly different for each of the four process domains, and within each process domain, vegetation is significantly similar within the geomorphically-delineated riparian zone. Although vegetation composition commonly reflects geomorphic and hydrologic processes, many plant species are relatively short-lived and individual plants respond to local disturbances over short time scales. Consequently, we recommend that the larger scale and longer duration riparian controllers, hydrology and geomorphology, be used to delineate riparian areas.
Attitudes towards direct marketing, privacy, environment, and trust: Taiwan vs. U.S.

In recent years, many U.S. direct marketers have expanded their efforts into Asia. A few studies of consumers’ attitudes towards direct marketing were conducted outside of the United States in order to ascertain their attitudes towards direct marketing, privacy, environmental concerns, and trust issues. International direct marketers must take care to respect these issues before entering new countries, such as Taiwan and other emerging markets. The following article reports the results of a survey done in both the U.S. and Taiwan.
Polypharmacy, Drug–Drug Interactions, and Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Objectives: To describe the frequency of medication-related problems in older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Community. Participants: HIV-positive individuals aged 60 and older and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals. Measurements: Total number of medications, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) according to the modified Beers Criteria, anticholinergic drug burden according to the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and drug�drug interactions using the Lexi-Interact online drug interactions database. Results: Of 89 HIV-positive participants, most were Caucasian (91%) and male (94%), with a median age of 64 (range 60�82). Common comorbidities included hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and depression. Participants were taking a median of 13 medications (range 2�38), of which only a median of four were antiretrovirals. At least one PIM was prescribed in 46 participants (52%). Sixty-two (70%) participants had at least one Category D (consider therapy modification) drug�drug interaction, and 10 (11%) had a Category X (avoid combination) interaction. One-third of these interactions were between two nonantiretroviral medications. Fifteen participants (17%) had an ARS score of 3 or greater. In contrast, HIV-negative participants were taking a median of six medications, 29% had at least one PIM, and 4% had an ARS score of 3 or greater (P < .05 for each comparison, except P = .07 for anticholinergic burden). Conclusion: HIV-positive older adults have a high frequency of medication-related problems, of which a large portion is due to medications used to treat comorbid diseases. These medication issues were substantially higher than HIV-negative participants. Attention to the principles of geriatric prescribing is needed as this population ages in order to minimize complications from multiple medication use.
When to inherit a type: what we do know and what we might not

Meaningful applications of inheritance are critical in devising good object-oriented solutions. Yet, not being able to use effectively and correctly inheritance in problem solving is perhaps the most significant impediment for students to become competitive object-oriented thinkers. This article provides a summary of common uses of type inheritance. It also describes the situations where type inheritance can be inappropriate or, at least, subject to reevaluation. More importantly, it brings an attention to the distinction between the mechanics and the semantics of inheritance. The article closes with an example that illustrates the use of inheritance in light of other alternatives. Finally, the article briefly discusses the implications.