cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Accounting Course Materials as Dynamic Content

ABSTRACT: Accounting course materials are traditionally presented as static content. Enabling timely and informative interactions with the reader, dynamic content can enrich these presentations. This paper discusses benefits of dynamic content to accounting education, and describes its application in an activity‐based costing case. A technology road map to dynamic content development is provided.
Mixed characteristic hypersurfaces of finite Cohen–Macaulay type ☆

Abstract We define the mixed ADE singularities, which are generalizations of the ADE plane curve singularities to the case of mixed characteristic. The ADE plane curve singularities are precisely the equicharacteristic plane curve singularities of finite Cohen–Macaulay type; we show that the mixed ADE singularities also have finite Cohen–Macaulay type.
On the solution of population balance equations by discretization—II. A moving pivot technique

Abstract A new framework for the discretization of continuous population balance equations (PBEs) is presented in this work. It proposes that the discrete equations for aggregation or breakage processes be internally consistent with regard to the desired moments of the distribution. Based on this framework, a numerical technique has been developed. It considers particle populations in discrete and contiguous size ranges to be concentrated at representative volumes. Particulate events leading to the formation of particle sizes other than the representative sizes are incorporated in the set of discrete equations such that properties corresponding to two moments of interest are exactly preserved. The technique presented here is applicable to binary or multiple breakage, aggregation, simultaneous breakage and aggregation, and can be adapted to predict the desired properties of an evolving size distribution more precisely. Existing approaches employ successively fine grids to improve the accuracy of the numerical results. However, a simple analysis of the aggregation process shows that significant errors are introduced due to steeply varying number densities across a size range. Therefore, a new strategy involving selective refinement of a relatively coarse grid while keeping the number of sections to a minimum, is demonstrated for one particular case. Furthermore, it has been found that the technique is quite general and yields excellent predictions in all cases. This technique is particularly useful for solving a large class of problems involving discrete-continuous PBEs such as polymerization-depolymerization, aerosol dynamics, etc.
Falls and Nursing Home Residents With Cognitive Impairment: New Insights into Quality Measures and Interventions

Abstract Objectives Prevention and public reporting of falls have suffered due to inadequate attention given to the association of falls and cognitive impairment (CI) among nursing home (NH) residents. This study examines the relationship between CI, residence on dementia special care units (SCUs) and other resident characteristics and likelihood of residents experiencing new falls in NHs. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants A total of 21,587 residents from 381 Minnesota NHs. Measurements The NH Minimum Data Set (MDS) for 21,587 residents from 381 Minnesota NHs in the first calendar quarter of 2008 were analyzed. New falls, (fall noted on a current MDS assessment but not on a prior assessment); cognitive status, (as defined by Cognitive Performance Scale); residence on an SCU, and health and functional status covariates were recorded. A random effects logistic regression model was used to examine relationships between new falls and the resident's cognitive status, type of unit, and covariates. Results The likelihood of a new fall had a nonlinear association with CI. Compared with residents with normal or mild CI, the likelihood of a new fall was significantly higher among residents with moderate CI (OR = 1.43). The risk decreased slightly (OR = 1.34) for residents with more advanced CI, whereas the presence of severe CI was not significantly associated with new falls. Overall the likelihood of new falls was significantly higher for residents on SCUs compared with those on conventional units (OR = 1.27). Conclusions Severity of CI and residence on SCU impact fall incidence and should be accounted for in future fall- prevention interventions and quality-reporting indicators and measures.
Pathophysiology of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Amenable to Electric Control

Technical advances now permit permanent implantation of devices such as antitachycardia pacemakers, cardioverters and cardioverter-defibrillators for control of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Despite the fact that these devices have been implanted only in patients resistant to conventional medical and surgical management, their effectiveness has been very encouraging. While improved designs are anticipated, preliminary studies have clearly indicated that one of the major challenges for successful clinical use will be appropriate interfacing of the device with the pathophysiology of the patient. Failure to recognize this fact will likely lead to unsuccessful clinical application. Moreover, these new instruments appear to be complementary to, rather than a replacement for, existing medical and surgical approaches to the patient with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Melting Behavior of In-Flight Particles and Its Effects on Splat Morphology in Plasma Spraying

Effects of particle size, velocity, and temperature on the splat morphology have been well studied in the open literature. Effects of melt fraction on deposition efficiency and splat morphology are, however, not well understood. In this paper, we will focus on the melting behavior of in-flight particles and their impact on splat morphologies. A group parameter, “melting index”, has been derived to correlate the melting status of in-flight particles with particle size, velocity, and temperature which can be measured experimentally. Numerical simulations have been used to determine the unknown parameters in the melting index. The effects of initial particle diameter on the melting behavior have also been investigated.© 2002 ASME
Characterization and Utilization of Nitrogen Contained in Sweet Corn Silage Waste

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.) silage waste (SCSW), a byproduct of the vegetable processing industry, accounts for 61 to 73% of the initial harvest yield. Concern relating to land application of SCSW has focused on the potential environmental impact of large quantities of mineralized N from the waste. This study was conducted to quantify the rate and amount of N mineralization from varying rates of SCSW applied to a fine-textured glacial till soil and to determine if nutrient contributions from SCSW can be integrated into a nutrient management system for subsequent crop production while enhancing environmental stewardship. Sweet corn silage waste was land-applied to main plots at rates of 0, 112, 224, 336, and 448 t ha -1 (fresh wt.) to a harvested sweet corn field and moldboard-plowed in early fall. Urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] was preplant broadcast-applied and incorporated to subplots at rates of 0, 67, and 134 kg N ha -1 in 1993; and 0, 83, and 166 kg N ha -1 in 1994 and 1995. Mineralization of N in the SCSW was assessed by NO 3 -N analysis of in-season and postharvest soil samples and by yield and N uptake of field corn. Spring temperature and precipitation greatly influenced mineralization of SCSW. In the wet, cold year, in-season NO 3 -N concentrations were lower and postharvest NO 3 -N was not affected by SCSW rate. Grain yield and N uptake were increased with increasing SCSW rate. In the warmer and drier years, in-season and postharvest NO 3 -N concentrations were much greater and were significantly increased by increasing SCSW rates. Corn grain yield and N uptake were optimized by a combination of SCSW and fertilizer N when SCSW rates were 224 t ha -1 , mineralized N from the SCSW was sufficient to maximize yields. Nitrogen availability in the first year after SCSW application averaged about 16 to 18% of the total SCSW-N applied. Averaged across the 3 yr, soil test P was increased 2.6 mg kg -1 with each 112 t ha -1 SCSW rate, whereas soil test K was increased 14.2 mg kg -1 by each 112 t ha -1 SCSW rate. Land application of up to 224 t ha -1 SCSW was feasible, provided it was given the appropriate N credit before supplementing with N fertilizer.
Room-temperature, CW operation of lattice-matched long-wavelength VCSELs

Continuous-wave operation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers lattice matched to InP and grown with one epitaxial step is presented. These lasers combine highly reflective AlAsSb/AlGaAsSb mirrors with a double-intracavity contacted structure based on thick InP contact layers.
Arendt and Hobbes: Glory, Sacrificial Violence, and the Political Imagination

The dominant narrative today of modern political power, inspired by Foucault, is one that traces the move from the spectacle of the scaffold to the disciplining of bodies whereby the modern political subject, animated by a fundamental fear and the will to live, is promised security in exchange for obedience and productivity. In this essay, I call into question this narrative, arguing that that the modern political imagination, rooted in Hobbes, is animated not by fear but instead by the desire for glory and immortality, a desire that is spectacularly displayed in the violence of the modern battlefield. I go on to argue that Hannah Arendt, writing in the ruins of the Second World War, rethinks the modern legacy of political glory. I claim that Arendt’s reflections on violence and glory, which she rethinks from her earliest writings on violence in the 1940s to her later reflections on war in the 1960s, offer the possibility of a new political imagination wherein glory and the desire for immortality is now rooted in the responsibility of bearing an enduring world.
U(1) gauge theories, fiber bundles, and stereographic projections in two dimensions

Some general properties of U(1) gauge fields on ${R}^{2}$ and ${S}^{2}$ are investigated. In the absence of matter fields, configurations which are more general than fiber bundles are allowed on ${S}^{2}$. Fermion fields are not consistent with this more general structure on ${S}^{2}$. Stereographic projections are discussed.
Observations of the nearby flow and a model for the growth of mudwaves

Abstract Observations over an 11 month period are described in a region of mudwaves in the central Argentine Basin. The mudwaves are neither aligned with nor perpendicular to the mean current. An extension of a simple lee wave model indicates that certain mudwaves are (linearly) unstable due to preferential deposition at the crests and erosion of the troughs. The most unstable mudwaves have wavelengths and orientations consistent with observations.
Proton-NMR studies of the effects of ionic strength and pH on the hyperfine-shifted resonances and phenylalanine-82 environment of three species of mitochondrial ferricytochrome c.

Ferricytochromes c from three species (horse, tuna, yeast) display sensitivity to variations in solution ionic strength or pH that is manifested in significant changes in the proton NMR spectra of these proteins. Irradiation of the heme 3-CH3 resonances in the proton NMR spectra of tuna, horse and yeast iso-1 ferricytochromes c is shown to give NOE connectivities to the phenyl ring protons of Phe82 as well as to the s-CH2 protons of this residue. This method was used to probe selectively the Phe82 spin systems of the three cytochromes c under a variety of solution conditions. This phenylalanine residue has previously been shown to be invariant in all mitochondrial cytochromes c, located near the exposed heme edge in proximity to the heme 3-CH3, and may function as a mediator in electron transfer reactions [Louie, G. V., Pielak, G. J., Smith, M. & Brayer, G. D. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 7870–7876]. Ferricytochromes c from all three species undergo a small but specific structural rearrangement in the environment around the heme 3-CH3 group upon changing the solution conditions from low to high ionic strength. This structural change involves a decrease in the distance between the Phe82 β-CH2 group and the heme 3-CH3 substituent. In addition, studies of the effect of pH on the 1H-NMR spectrum of yeast iso-1 ferricytochrome c show that the heme 3-CH3 proton resonance exhibits a pH-dependent shift with an apparent pK in the range of 6.0 –7.0. The chemical shift change of the yeast iso-1 ferricytochrome c heme 3-CH3 resonance is not accompanied by an increase in the linewidth as previously described for horse ferricytochrome c [Burns, P. D. & La Mar, G. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 4934–4939]. These spectral changes are interpreted as arising from an ionization of His33 near the C-terminus. In general, the larger spectral changes observed for the resonances in the vicinity of the heme 3-CH3 group in yeast iso-1 ferricytochrome c with changes in solution conditions, relative to the tuna and horse proteins, suggest that the region around Phe82 is more open and that movement of the Phe82 residue is less constrained in yeast ferricytochrome c. Finally, it is demonstrated here that both the heme 8-CH3 and the 7α-CH resonances of yeast ferricytochrome c titrate with p2H and exhibit apparent pK values of ∼ 7.0. The titrating group responsible for these spectral changes is proposed to be His39.
On the third order elastic constants of polycrystalline media and their relationships to the single crystal constants

Abstract Formal relationships are presented between the third order elastic constants of polycrystalline media and their single crystal elastic constants in both the uniform strain and uniform stress approximations. The case for solids of cubic symmetry is discussed in detail. It is shown that for cubic solids where the second order elastic constants are isotropic, the third order constants for a randomly-oriented polycrystalline solid computed from its single crystal constants for both the uniform strain and uniform stress approximations become identical. An unambiguous judgment of the validity of either the uniform strain or uniform stress approximation must await accurate experimental measurements of the third order elastic constants of randomly-oriented polycrystalline solids whose single crystal constants are also accurately known.
Concentration of insect hemolymph proteins under various experimental conditions.

Abstract 1. 1. The protein concentration in the hemolymph of fifth instar and adult milkweed bugs was determined under three experimental conditions. 2. 2. Starvation caused a decrease in protein concentration in the hemolymph. When the hemolymph protein concentration was expressed per mg dry wt. the starved insects had a significantly higher value than the controls in most cases. This might indicate that the hemolymph protein concentration is maintained at the expense of tissue mass or that the breakdown products of the tissues accumulate in the hemolymph. 3. 3. The mammalian carcinogen, 9.10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMB), did not have any effect on the hemolymph protein. 4. 4. We did not show any stimulation of hemolymph protein production in the females due to the presence of males as Highnam & Lusis (1962) showed for Schistocerca gregaria.
Insights on the demography of cryptic nesting by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the main Hawaiian Islands from genetic relatedness analysis

Abstract Within the Hawaiian archipelago, green turtle nesting has occurred almost exclusively in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, mainly at French Frigate Shoals (FFS), however an increase in occasional nesting has recently been observed on the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Due to logistical constraints, monitoring the nesting activity on the MHI has been limited to nest documentation. Without systematic tagging of the nesting females it is not clear how many are nesting here. We used mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequencing combined with nuclear (n) DNA analysis based on 14 microsatellite markers to infer the number of individual nesters. Genotypes were determined for 181 dead embryos and hatchlings salvaged from 71 nests laid on Maui, Molokai, Kauai, Lanai, and Oahu, along with those of 81 nesting females that were sampled on FFS. MtDNA results showed that 58% of the MHI clutches were laid by females with a relatively rare haplotype only reported in 16% of the FFS nesting population. Nuclear DNA results showed that nesting in the MHI might be attributed to a relatively small number of females that appear to be related to each other. We were able to reconstruct genotypes for nesting females from hatchling profiles and we estimate that 15 different females were responsible for clutches laid on the MHI. Taken together, the mtDNA and nDNA results suggest that the nesting population at the MHI may be the result of a few founders that originated from the FFS breeding population, possibly facilitated by captive rearing and release of FFS juveniles locally from Oahu. We suggest that this regional range expansion may buffer against the loss of current nesting sites at FFS due to sea level rise. Our results demonstrate the potential for genetic tools to be incorporated into population assessment, particularly in areas where access to reproductive females is difficult and population size is unknown.
Reduced coherence holography and related methods for imaging into inhomogeneities

We suggest several ideas for imaging either through or into inhomogeneities, all based on essentially coherent techniques in which the coherence of the illumination, either spatial or temporal or both, is reduced in some specially designed way.
Combined plateletpheresis and cytotoxic chemotherapy for symptomatic thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders

Background. Patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) may have symptomatic thrombocytosis develop that requires prompt and sustained lowering of platelet counts to avert serious thrombotic or hemorrhagic sequelae. Methods. The authors retrospectively studied the short- and long-term effects of plateletpheresis combined with three different chemotherapy regimens (busulfan, hydroxyurea, or busulfan/hydroxyurea) in 30 patients with MPD with symptomatic thrombocytosis. Results. Twenty-nine patients entered first remission (FR) with initial treatment. The average number of plateletphereses to FR was three (standard deviation [SD], ±3). Average total dose of busulfan (216 mg) and time to FR (1.6 months) were less than for previously reported patients treated without plateletphereses. Addition of hydroxyurea to busulfan decreased the number of plateletpheresis needed (P = 0.02) but did not additionally reduce the amount of busulfan needed or the time to FR. The shortest time to FR was in the hydroxyurea group (mean, 0.6 ± 0.3 months), but unmaintained remission could be achieved only in the busulfan-treated groups. With median follow-up of 68 months, median survival was 53 months for the busulfan group, 55 months for the hydroxyurea group, and was undefined with no deaths for the busulfan/hydroxyurea group. Neither fatal complications of recurrent symptomatic thrombocytosis nor development of acute leukemia has occurred, except for progression to blast crisis in two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Conclusion. Combined plateletpheresis and chemotherapy is a rapidly effective initial treatment for patients with MPD with symptomatic thrombocytosis. With maintenance therapy or prompt treatment at relapse of disease, prolonged good quality survival can be expected.
Aerial Application of Dormant Season Sprays for Control of Psylla pyricola Overwintered Adults

Dormant season sprays were applied to pear orchards by helicopters equipped with Beecomist® spray heads to compare their effectiveness in controlling overwintered Psylla pyricola Foerster with dilute sprays applied with handgun or airblast sprayer. While the aerial sprays were not as effective as those applied with ground sprayers, they were found to be suitable substitutes when the latter method of application was not convenient.
Getting The Product Right: How Competition Policy Can Improve Health Care Markets

As hospital, physician, and health insurance markets consolidate and change in response to health care reform, some commentators have called for vigorous enforcement of the federal antitrust laws to prevent the acquisition and exercise of market power. In health care, however, stricter antitrust enforcement will benefit consumers only if it accounts for the competitive distortions caused by the sector’s long history of government regulation. This article directs policy makers to a neglected dimension of health care competition that has been altered by regulation: the product. Competition may have failed to significantly lower costs, increase access, or improve quality in health care because we have been buying and selling the wrong things. Competition policy makers—meaning both antitrust enforcers and regulators—should force the health care industry to define and market products that can be assembled and warranted to consumers while keeping emerging sectors such as mHealth free from overregulation, wastef...
Comparison of botulinum toxins A and B in the treatment of facial rhytides

Facial rhytides of the upper one third of the face are common aesthetic concerns, and are caused principally by overactivity of the underlying facial musculature. Botulinum toxin, which acts by causing flaccid paralysis of facial mimetic muscles, has become a treatment of choice for the management of these hyperfunctional facial lines. Two antigenically distinct serotypes have been developed and are currently available for commercial use in the United States. There are major differences between the two toxins in terms of pharmacology and formulation that account for clinical differences, and precise interconversion is not well-established. Nevertheless, in these preliminary studies, Myobloc seems to have a faster onset of action and potentially a more even and smoother paralysis. The shorter duration of action of Myobloc seems to be dose-related. It is clear that both agents safely and effectively reduce dynamic facial rhytides. Based on individual efficacy, safety, diffusion pattern, onset, and duration, ultimately, with further trials and clinical experience, it is conceivable that each toxin will have its own set of indications.
Surgical anatomy of accessory connections of atrioventricular conduction

Abstract Forty-nine descriptions of accessory pathways of atrioventriculai (AV) conduction have been analyzed in the search for reasons for an occasional failure of interruption by operation. The validity of the steps now used for open interruption of connections was confirmed. Several possible but highly speculative reasons were found for failure. A pathway might remain intact after operation because atrial muscle on the AV valve may act as a pathway route after an atriotomy made just above the annulus. In another situation, the AV valve myocardium might be continuous with a papillary muscle directly attached to the valve. The small, middle, and great coronary veins, when budding from the coronary sinus, might carry with them an AV connection that escaped the invasion of the primitive AV junction by sulcus tissue. Final proof of these conjectures awaits more studies of hearts with accessory pathways of AV conduction.
Value Change in Oil and Gas Production: IV Unresolved Options with New Information Acquisition

This paper considers the situation after one has committed to acquiring new information but when the information acquired does not resolve completely an ambiguity in potential new reserves for a producing field. As a consequence, management must decide whether further studies are warranted at some cost and with only a finite probability such studies would lead to a successful venture, or whether it is more appropriate to abandon the investment. Because there are a large number of ways such an investigation can be handled, and because a large number of possible parameter values can influence the decision, in this paper we restrict the analysis to just two variables: either a fixed probability of success after further studies but with a variable cost for the studies, or where there is a fixed cost allowed for the studies but the success probability after the studies is variable. Other situations involving more complex but more realistic, groupings of variable and often unknown parameters will be considered ...
The interaction of conditioned taste aversions and schedule-induced polydipsia: Availability of alternative behaviors

Animals poisoned following exposure to saccharin subsequently avoided the schedule-induced consumption of saccharin. While this suppression was transient for subjects who had access only to the saccharin solution during the free-food presentations, recovery of schedule-induced saccharin consumption was significantly retarded for subjects who had concurrent access to saccharin and a running wheel. It has been suggested that the transient suppression of schedule-induced polydipsia by conditioned taste aversions results from the pellet-induced tendency to drink within the schedule-induced polydipsia procedure. That access to the running wheel reduces schedule-induced polydipsia in general and prolongs the suppression of schedule-induced polydipsia by taste aversions supports this view.
An application of visual interactive goal programming: a case in vendor selection decisions

This article presents the vendor selection problem of the hydraulic pump division of a US original equipment manufacturing company. The division wants to identify appropriate vendors and allocate purchase orders among them while minimizing product acquisition costs and maximizing total product quality and delivery reliability. Visual interactive goal programming is used as a multi-criteria decision analysis tool. Interaction with decision makers during the model building and solution process, and implications are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption of CO2 laser beam by AISI 4340 steel

2. L.W. Helle: J. South African Institute of Mining and Metallurg,~, 1981, pp. 329-37 3. J. Szekely, T. Lehner, and C.W. Chang: lronmaking and Steel- making, 1979, vol. 6, pp. 285-93 4. T. Usui, K. Yamada, andY. Miyashita: Proceedings, SCAN1NJECTII, International Conference on Injection Metallurgy, 1980, MEFOS, Lule~, Sweden, pp. 12:1-12:24. 5. O. Haida, T. Emi, S. Yamada, and F. Sudo: Proceedings, SCAN- INJECT H, International Conference on Injection Metallurgy, 1980, MEFOS, Lule~, Sweden, pp. 20:1-20:20. 6. Q. Ymg, L Yun, and L. Lm: Proceedings, SCANINJECT 11l, Inter- national Conference on Injection Metallurgy, 1983, MEFOS, Lule~, Sweden, pp. 21:1-21.16. 7 M. Sano and K. Moil: Proceedings, SCANINJECT 11I, lnternattonal Conference on Injection Metallurgy, 1983, MEFOS, Luleh, Sweden, pp. 6:1-6:17. 8. M. Matway, H. Henein, R.J. Fruehan, and J. lsaacs: Proceedings, Fourth Process Technology Conference, ISS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, pp. 39-43. 9. Y. Sundberg. Scand. J. Metallurgy, 1978, vol. 7, pp 81-87 10. N.J. Themelis and P. Goyal: Can. Met. Quart, 1983. vol 22, pp. 313-20 11. Y. Sahai and R.I.L. Guthne: Metal1. Trans. B, 1982, vol. 13B, pp. 125-27. 12. Y Sahal and R.I.L Guthne: Metall. Trans. B, 1982, vol 13B, pp. 203-11. 13. D. Mazumdar and R. I. L. Guthrie: Metall. Trans. B, 1985, vol. 16B, pp. 83-90. 14. S. Asai, T Okamoto, J C. He, and I Muchi: Transactions, ISIJ, 1983, vol. 23, pp. 43-50. 15. O. Halda and J.K. Brimacombe: Proceedmgs. SCANINJECT 111. International Conference on Injection Metallurgy, 1983, MEFOS, Lule~., Sweden, pp. 5:1-5.17. 16. L.H. Lehrer: Ind. Eng. Chem , Proc. Des. and Dev.. 1968, vol 7, pp. 226-39. 17. T.A. Engh, K. Larson, and K. Venas: Ironmakmg and Steelmaking, 1979, vol. 5, pp. 268-73
Qa-1, a nonclassical class I histocompatibility molecule with roles in innate and adaptive immunity.

Qa-1, a nonclassical class I histocompatibility molecule expressed in mice, predominantly assembles with a single nonameric peptide, Qdm, derived from the signal sequence of certain class Ia molecules. The Qa-1/Qdm complex is the primary ligand for CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors expressed on a major fraction of natural killer (NK) cells. cells become susceptible to killing by NK cells under conditions where surface expression of the Qa-1/Qdm inhibitory ligand is reduced. The CD94/NKG2 “missingself” recognition system serves as mechanism for removing cells that have abnormalities in the intracellular machinery required for assembly and expression of class I-peptides complexes, as a consequence of viral infection, for example. Despite its highly focused peptide-binding specificity, Qa-1 also has a capacity to act as an antigen-presentation molecule for CD8+ T cells. It appears that a small subpopulation of these T cells undergoes positive selection by interaction with Qa-1 in the thymus, and they maintain their specificity for Qa-1 after maturation. The role of these unusual T cells in adaptive immune responses remains to be defined.
Reactivities of selected organic compounds and contamination effects

Abstract The reactivities of five partially-oxygenated organic compounds were measured. In terms of ozone-forming ability, the most reactive of the organics studied was methyl methacrylate. Vinylacetate and 2-ethoxy ethanol were found to be moderately reactive. Ethylene oxide and o-isopropyl phenol exhibited low reactivity. Smog chamber contamination and its effects on measured reactivity were also studied. It was found that contamination can significantly affect the reactivity of slowly-reacting organics. The use of smog chambers, therefore, to obtain reactivity data for low-reactive organics is not recommended.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review.

The objective of this article is to review the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and natural history of peripartum cardiomyopathy. The English language medical literature was accessed though MEDLINE from 1966 to the present; additional sources were obtained by cross-referencing. Because of the limited number of studies and patients, metaanalysis could not be performed; however, the existing data regarding the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy are presented. Approximately 1000 U.S. women will have peripartum cardiomyopathy this year, and for many it will be fatal. The etiology of this disease remains uncertain, but current evidence suggests myocarditis of viral, autoimmune, or idiopathic origin. The utility of immunosuppressive therapy remains ambiguous; however, other advances in medical therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac transplantation have significantly improved quality of life and survival for patients. As the initial patient contact, obstetricians and family practitioners must recognize this malady early and rapidly institute the proper medical therapy directed toward the congestive state.
Development of Mastery during Adolescence: The Role of Family Problem Solving

A sense of mastery is an important component of psychological health and well-being across the life-span; however, relatively little is known about the development of mastery during childhood and a...
Incoherent spatial filtering with grating interferometers.

The combination of a two-channel spatial filtering system in tandem with a grating interferometer adjusted for broad-source operation results in a highly effective system for generating arbitrary transfer functions under incoherent illumination.
Using the ETS Major Field Test in Business: Implications for Assessment

Abstract In this study, the authors examinied two methods of measuring student learning outcomes—GPA and performance on a standardized test (Major Field Test in Business). Clear differences were found between the two outcome measures, underscoring the need for a multifaceted approach to assessing learning outcomes, especially at the program level. Though the GPA had strong internal validity and reflected student performance in the context of the curricular and pedagogical priorities of an institution, standardized test scores provided greater external validity and allowed institutions to quickly establish a baseline and benchmark against national norms.
SELF-REGULATORY BEHAVIOR AND CARDIORESPIRATORY REACTIVITY AT ONE AND THREE MONTHS IN TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS. † 81

SELF-REGULATORY BEHAVIOR AND CARDIORESPIRATORY REACTIVITY AT ONE AND THREE MONTHS IN TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS. † 81
Investigations on the control of in vitro spontaneous brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ovulation

The possible roles of follicular cyclooxygenase and cAMP in the control of in vitro spontaneous brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ovulation were investigated. Brook trout oocytes that had undergone germinal vesicle breakdown and follicular separation in vivo, were incubated in vitro in the presence of indomethacin. At 3 or 30 microM, indomethacin significantly reduced the levels of PGF and PGE (measured by radioimmunoassay) in the incubation medium but did not inhibit spontaneous ovulation in vitro. Follicular cAMP levels were measured by a competitive protein binding assay, prior to and during spontaneous ovulation. cAMP levels were approximately 3.2 pmol/mg protein prior to incubation and did not fluctuate significantly from this value throughout the 24-hr incubation period. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-l-methyl-xanthine, significantly increased follicular cAMP levels at 1.0 and 0.1 mM. The combined results suggest that cyclooxygenase metabolites or a decrease in cAMP are not involved in the control of spontaneous brook trout ovulation in vitro. The in vitro effects of primaquine, a putative phospholipase mediator, were also investigated. At lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM), primaquine significantly enhanced ovulation above that observed in spontaneous controls. However, at 1.0 mM, primaquine inhibited spontaneous ovulation. Indomethacin at 3 or 30 microM did not block the stimulatory effect of primaquine observed at lower concentrations, indicating that cyclooxygenase metabolites are not involved in the stimulatory effect of primaquine on ovulation.
The impact of unplanned postprocedure visits in the management of patients with urinary stones.

Background Unplanned follow-up care is the focus of intense health policy interest, as evidenced by recent financial penalties imposed under the Affordable Care Act. To date, however, unplanned postoperative care remains poorly characterized, particularly for patients with kidney stones. Our objective was to describe the frequency, variation, and financial impact of unplanned, high-acuity, follow-up visits in the treatment of patients with urinary stone disease. Methods We identified privately insured patients undergoing percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, ureteroscopy, or shock-wave lithotripsy for stone disease. The primary outcome was occurrence of an emergency department visit or hospital admission within 30 days of the procedure. Multivariable models estimated the odds of an unplanned visit and the incremental cost of those visits, controlling for important covariates. Results We identified 93,523 initial procedures to fragment or remove stones. Overall, 1 in 7 patients had an unplanned postprocedural visit. Unplanned visits were least common after shock-wave lithotripsy (12%) and occurred with similar frequency after ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (15%). Procedures at high-volume facilities were substantially less likely to result in an unplanned visit (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.74–0.87, P < .001). When an unplanned visit occurred, adjusted incremental expenditures per episode were greater after shock-wave lithotripsy ($32,156 [95% CI $30,453–33,859]) than after ureteroscopy ($23,436 [95% CI $22,281–24,590]). Conclusion Patients not infrequently experience an unplanned, high-acuity visit after low-risk procedures to remove urinary stones, and the cost of these encounters is substantial. Interventions are indicated to identify and reduce preventable unplanned visits.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreas cancer rarely leads to radiological evidence of tumour regression.

Background: Neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy has been proposed to improve resectability of locally-advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). However, the ability of neo-adjuvant therapy to induce radiological tumour regression has not been reported. Methods: Pre-and post-treatment computed tomography (CT) scans of patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for LAPC were reviewed. LAPC was sub-classified into borderline resectable disease [≤180° involvement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA); short-segment encasement/abutment of the common hepatic artery; or tumour-associated deformity, abutment or short-segment occlusion of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)/ portal vein (PV) that was amenable to vascular resection and reconstruction] and locally advanced un-resectable pancreatic cancer (vascular involvement more than that described for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer). The radiological response and surgical resection rates were assessed. Results: Sixteen patients received neo-adjuvant therapy for LAPC during 2005–2008. Regression of major vascular involvement, i.e. un-encasement or regression of abutment of any involved vessels was not observed in any patient. Pre-and post-treatment tumour densities were not statistically different. Fifty per cent of patients with borderline resectable disease and none of the patients with locally advanced un-resectable pancreatic cancer eventually underwent surgical resection. Conclusion: Neo-adjuvant treatment does not induce radiological tumour regression of LAPC with major vascular involvement. Patient selection for neo-adjuvant trial enrolment should remain focused on borderline disease which may have a potential for surgical resection.
A combinatorial approach to trajectory planning for binary manipulators

Binary manipulators are powered by actuators which have only two stable states. Therefore, they can reach only a discrete (but possibly large) number of locations. Compared to a manipulator built with continuous actuators, a binary manipulator provides reasonable performance, and is relatively inexpensive (up to an order of magnitude cheaper). The number of states of a binary manipulator grows exponentially with the number of actuators. This makes the calculation of its inverse kinematics quite difficult. This paper presents a combinatorial method for computing the inverse kinematics of a binary manipulator that reduces the search space to a manageable size. It also creates reasonably smooth motions that follow a specified trajectory accurately (in both position and orientation), despite the discrete nature of binary actuation.
Basal/myoepithelial cells in chronic sinusitis, respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma, inverted papilloma, and intestinal-type and nonintestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma: an immunohistochemical study.

Abstract Context.—The pathogenesis of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) and inverted papilloma (IP) is poorly understood, especially compared with sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC). One feature of malignant glandular lesions is loss of the basal/myoepithelial layer. The immunophenotype of the basal/myoepithelial layer has not been fully examined in benign glandular lesions of the sinonasal tract. Objective.—To examine benign and malignant glandular lesions in the sinonasal tract for the immunophenotype of basal/myoepithelial cells, proliferation index, and cytokeratin and intestinal differentiation profiles. Design.—Sinonasal adenocarcinoma (intestinal-type adenocarcinoma [ITAC] and nonintestinal type adenocarcinoma [non-ITAC]), REAH, IP, and chronic sinusitis (CS) were stained for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, 34βE12, CDX-2, p63, Ki-67, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S100 protein, and calponin. Results.—Basal/myoepithelial cells in CS and REAH were positive for p63 and 34βE12 but negative for SMA...
Polarized expression and function of P2Y ATP receptors in rat bile duct epithelia.

Extracellular nucleotides may be important regulators of bile ductular secretion, because cholangiocytes express P2Y ATP receptors and nucleotides are found in bile. However, the expression, distri...
AFRICAN AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION, WHITE SCHOLARS, AND A NEO-CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL CONTEXT

Tali Mendelberg, The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages, and the Norm of Equality . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001, 307 pages, ISBN 0-691-07071-7, $62.50. Taeku Lee, Mobilizing Public Opinion: Black Insurgency and Racial Attitudes in the Civil Rights Era . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002, 293 pages, ISBN 0-226-47024-5, $55.00.
Rupture Dynamics on a Bimaterial Interface for Dipping Faults

Dip-slip faulting may juxtapose different geologic materials with differ- ent properties, such that a strong material contrast will naturally tend to form. Both the material contrast across a fault and dip-slip motion on a nonvertical fault lead to normal stress variations during earthquake rupture. This normal stress variation will significantly affect dynamic rupture propagation. To demonstrate this, we model dynamic rupture propagation on two-dimensional (2D), reverse, and normal faults (30°, 45°, and 60° dipping) with 20% material contrasts. For predominantly up-dip rupture propagation, we find that normal stress variations due to the free surface and material contrast can either reinforce or counteract each other depending on the configuration. For reverse faults, we find a larger strength drop for a more com- pliant hanging wall and a lower strength drop for a more compliant footwall. For normal faults, we find a larger strength drop for a more compliant footwall and a lower strength drop for a more compliant hanging wall. For both reverse and normal faults, ground motion will be more symmetric between the hanging wall and footwall with compliant material on the footwall and more asymmetric if more compliant materials are on the hanging wall. Our results have important implications for the dynamics of crustal and perhaps subduction-zone earthquake faulting, where strong bimaterial contrasts across dipping faults are possible. In continental settings, reverse faulting will tend to advect rigid materials from greater depth onto the hanging wall, such that the effects of fault dip and material contrast will counteract one another. In subduction zones, the hanging wall is likely to be more compliant, and hence the material and geometric effects may reinforce one another.
Multiple Motif Scanning to Identify Methyltransferases from the Yeast Proteome

A new program (Multiple Motif Scanning) was developed to scan the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome for Class I S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Conserved Motifs I, Post I, II, and III were identified and expanded in known methyltransferases by primary sequence and secondary structural analysis through hidden Markov model profiling of both a yeast reference database and a reference database of methyltransferases with solved three-dimensional structures. The roles of the conserved amino acids in the four motifs of the methyltransferase structure and function were then analyzed to expand the previously defined motifs. Fisher-based negative log statistical matrix sets were developed from the prevalence of amino acids in the motifs. Multiple Motif Scanning is able to scan the proteome and score different combinations of the top fitting sequences for each motif. In addition, the program takes into account the conserved number of amino acids between the motifs. The output of the program is a ranked list of proteins that can be used to identify new methyltransferases and to reevaluate the assignment of previously identified putative methyltransferases. The Multiple Motif Scanning program can be used to develop a putative list of enzymes for any type of protein that has one or more motifs conserved at variable spacings and is freely available (www.chem.ucla.edu/files/MotifSetup.Zip). Finally hidden Markov model profile clustering analysis was used to subgroup Class I methyltransferases into groups that reflect their methyl-accepting substrate specificity.
Down and out in New York and London : a cross-national comparison of homelessness

This study compared homelessness in New York City and London to examine the relative roles of individual pathology and structural forces in causing homelessness, the effect of sociopolitical and cultural differences on policy decisions toward solving homelessness, and the effect of broader structural forces on service programs for the homeless. Methods: A review of the scholarly literature and news reports was combined with interviews of staff members and homeless persons associated with various community agencies in London and New York City. Homelessness in the two cities was compared in relation to definition, demography, nonpsychiatric and psychiatric etiological factors, public policy, governmental responses, financial support, service strategies, and the practicalities of securing services and entitlements. Results and conclusions: The results indicate that charterizations of homelessness as a trait rather than a state reflect the tensions between social justice, public concepts, and a nation's econo...
Three-Dimensional Image Registration of Phantom Vertebrae for Image-Guided Surgery: A Preliminary Study

Objective: Applications of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) are emerging throughout the field of medicine. In this study, tracked, free-hand 3D phantom US images were mapped to computed tomograms (CT) as a development for image-guided surgery (IGS) of the spine. In the operating room, the registration of tracked 3D US images to other imaging modalities, such as CT, could allow the surgeon to identify more precisely the surgical target area prior to the incision. An independent quantitative measure of registration accuracy using a fiducial marker system was provided.Methods: Three-dimensional free-hand US images of a phantom spine were created by tracking the transducer with an optical sensing system. Two sets of images were acquired from three lumbar vertebrae using 4.5-and 7.5-MHz transducers. These images were then segmented for the extraction of the posterior vertebral surface. Next, a surface-based registration of US to the corresponding segmented CT images was performed. Registration errors were ...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders

Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) are derived from cognitive learning theories. Several forms of CBT demonstrate enduring benefits. Most effective are coping skills training approaches such as communication skills training, relapse prevention focused on interpersonal skills, and cocaine-specific coping skills training. Computerized CBT and mood-management training are less helpful for patients with low education or intelligence. Cue exposure therapy with urge-specific coping skills practice produces lasting effects on alcohol use. Cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are mostly untested. Pretreatment assessments focus on trigger situations, self-efficacy, expected effects, coping skills, motivation, and comorbidities. Many CBTs are recommended as part of comprehensive treatment.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Its Epidemiology and Implication beyond Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide. Recent data have shown a substantial rise in the prevalence of GDM among women of various ethnic/racial backgrounds and in different geographic regions. The purpose of the current review is to summarize recent studies about GDM diagnosis, prevalence, and long-term impact on women’s later life and their offspring’s health, and to provide an updated review to guide future research. Currently, available evidence indicates that GDM presents a significant risk factor for development of type II diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease in women. Children whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy are at increased risk of having obesity and T2D at a young age. Future research will be needed to address how to determine whether better glucose control during pregnancy would prevent long-term consequences for both women and their children.