cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors which initiate or influence edema in the isolated dog's heart.

Isolated dog hearts were perfused while time heart weight was electrically recorded. Arterialized blood was pumped into a coronary perfusion reservoir either from the femoral artery of a donor dog or from the arterial outlet of various oxygenators. The right heart was widely open. The presence of myocardial edema and the rate of fluid accumulation in heart muscle were observed from the slopes of tile weight registration and from the difference of the directly measured heart weights before and after an experiment. Blood hold-up was measured in three experiments with tagged red cells: it accounted for 15 per cent or less of the observed weight gain. When the heart was perfused from a donor dog and was not otherwise injured, myocardial edema fluid did not accumulate unless the coronary pressure exceeded 200 mm. Hg. Myocardial edema also formed when blood was diluted with Ringer's solution or after cardiac injury; the rate of edema formation was then dependent on the coronary perfusion pressure. Edematous hea...
Track Biases and Coalescence with Probabilistic Data Association

It is shown that probabilistic data association yields biased tracks in a multitarget environment, and the magnitude of the bias is investigated. A critical target separation distance exists, within which the tracks tend to coalesce completely. The problem of track initiation on new targets is also discussed.
Measuring specialty indecision among career-decided students

Increasing numbers of career-decided students in professional and graduate schools have difficulty choosing a specialty. To begin to examine this problem, a measure of specialty indecision was devised by changing the Career Decision Scale items to deal with specialty indecision rather than career indecision. The scale was then administered to 567 medical students along with measures of vocational development and exploratory behavior. Initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Specialty Indecision Scale indicate that it is internally consistent, relates more to specialty choice than to career choice, and inversely relates to both vocational development and exploratory behavior. A factor analysis of the scale items extracted four factors that reflect cognitive, conative, criterion, and implementation restraints on the decision-making process. The Specialty Indecision Scale seems to be useful for diagnostic and research purposes in the study and treatment of specialty indecision. 0 1985 Academic press, IIIC.
Auxeticity of Calcite and Aragonite polymorphs of CaCO3 and crystals of similar structure

Auxeticity of Calcium Carbonate CaCO 3 is explored for the polymorphs commonly known as calcite, which is trigonal, and aragonite, which is orthorhombic. A decomposition of the compliance tensor is presented for the trigonal and orthorhombic classes that simplifies the analysis of extreme values of Lame compliance and Poisson's ratio. Simple criteria for the determination of auxeticity are proposed and discussed for a wide variety oftrigonal and orthorhombic crystals.
An Electron Accelerator Using a Laser

An intense electromagnetic pulse (photon pulse) of proper length can create a wake of plasma oscillations (plasmon wake) through the action of the nonlinear ponderomotive force. The phase velocity of the wake is equal to the group velocity of the light pulse which can be only slightly less than the velocity of light in a vacuum. The electric fields in the wakes can be quite intense (up to order eE = mc/?p). Electrons trapped in the wake can be accelerated to high energy. Existing glass lasers of power density 1018W/cm2 shined on plasmas of densities 1018cm-3 can yield GeV energy electrons per cm. The mechanism for this acceleration is examined and its details are demonstrated through computer simulation. Applications to accelerators and pulsars are examined.
Efficacy of lipid profiles in prediction of coronary disease.

Abstract National guidelines in the United States and Europe have stimulated interest in controlling blood lipid levels to prevent CHD. In this review, the effciency of lipid profiles in predicting CHD has been examined, and total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride values have been compared on the basis of 12 to 14 years of surveillance in the Framingham Study. The average value of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients who had coronary disease was at or below values that are considered dangerous, which indicates the need for more specific and sensitive lipid profiles. Measurement of LDL cholesterol levels predicted CHD only marginally better than measurement of serum total cholesterol. Measurement of triglyceride levels was the weakest predictor. The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio was the most efficient predictor both in those with apparently safe and those with abnormal cholesterol values. Measurement of HDL cholesterol was the best single lipid predictor and use of this measurement avoids needlessly alarming or falsely reassuring persons at risk for CHD who have high total cholesterol values. Since the risk associated with any serum cholesterol value varies over a 10-fold range depending on coexistent cardiovascular risk factors, these lipid factors must be taken into account in judging the hazards and efficacy of treatment needed. Evidence is available that controlling elevated cholesterol by diet and administration of pharmaceutical agents can reduce the rate of coronary events, slow progression of angiographically visualized lesions, and regress xanthomata. Hence persons at high risk for CHD who have adverse lipid and cardiovascular risk profiles can be efficiently selected for and can benefit from dietary and drug therapy.
Analyzing runs of an event occurring in a series with other kinds of events

A method for analyzing runs of an event occurring in a series with other kinds of events is presented. The first step of the analysis is to determine whether the event of interest occurs in longer runs than would be expected by chance. For this purpose, a cumulative frequency histogram, consisting of the relative proportions of runs as a function of length, is compared with a theoretically derived frequency histogram by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The theoretical histogram is the outcome of a Bernoulli process; it represents the distribution of run lengths that would be expected by chance for a given base-rate probability of occurrence of the event of interest. Iteratively applied Z tests are proposed as a post hoc procedure for use when the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reveals that the histogram of runs is not comparable to the theoretical histogram. The results reveal how the two histograms differ. Performing the same analysis on the class of all other events reveals whether runs occur in proximity. When they do, the frequency histogram for the event should be recalculated, allowing for brief intervening runs of other events, and tested with the appropriate theoretical distribution.
Divestiture, Market Valuation, and Strategy

An empirical study of 78 divestitures examines the relationship between type of divestiture and financial market valuation. It was found that divestitures linked to corporate or business level stra...
Dynamic functional dependencies and database aging

A simple extension of the relational model is introduced to study the effects of dynamic constraints on database evolution. Both static and dynamic constraints are used in conjunction with the model. The static constraints considered here are functional dependencies (FDs). The dynamic constraints involve global updates and are restricted to certain analogs of FDs, called “dynamic” FDs. The results concern the effect of the dynamic constraints on the static constraints satisfied by the database in the course of time. The effect of the past history of the database on the static constraints is investigated using the notions of age and age closure. The connection between the static constraints and the potential future evolution of the database is briefly discussed using the notions of survivability and survivability closure.
Inhaled nitric oxide for primary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare and dangerous entity in pregnancy. Previous studies have found a 35–50% maternal mortality rate in the peripartum period. To date, most reports have described treatment of these patients with diuretics, digoxin, and calcium-channel blockers. CASE: We describe the successful treatment of a primigravida with severe primary pulmonary hypertension. We used elective intubation before labor, inhaled nitric oxide therapy, and assisted vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia that resulted in a viable infant and survival of the mother. CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide can be used to successfully treat primary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy.
Constitutionalism and the Common Law—Nineteenth Century Social Welfare in the United States

Analyses of American constitutionalism tend to address it as something very distinct from simple common law interpretation of rights and powers; that is, the ability to overturn statutes as unconstitutional is different in kind, not in degree, from the elaboration of principles in Common Law. Reconsiderations of constitutionalism and the Common Law have begun to note how much in courts on both sides of the Atlantic supervised hierarchical relations-in labour, in family law, between courts-through interpretation of statutes and common law principles during the nineteenth century. In the United States, courts interpreted constitutional principles through common law categories.2 Supervision included what we would now consider administrative law: the supervision of governing officials by the ordinary courts. While in Britain textbooks as well as Benthamite political theory have treated administrative law as part of constitutional law, in American constitutionalism they tend to be analysed as different phenomena, the latter dependent on the emergence of administrative agencies within the executive branch of government in the latter part of the nineteenth century and early part of the twentieth. Through the early nineteenth century in Britain, the High Court had supervised administrative tasks such as administration of the poor laws because the local courts, the Quarter Sessions, had administered the laws and the task of the High Court was to ensure that the local courts were enforcing the Sovereign's law.3 After about 1840, courts supervised the boards then taking over administrative tasks through supervision of jurisdiction, a key to administrative law in Britain.
Low-power low-noise analog circuits for on-focal-plane signal processing of infrared sensors

On-focal-plane signal processing circuits for enhancement of IR imager performance are presented. To enable the detection of high background IR images, an in-pixel current-mode background suppression scheme is presented. The background suppression circuit consists of a current memory placed in the feedback loop of a CTIA and is designed for a thousand-fold suppression of the background flux, thereby easing circuit design constraints, and assuring BLIP operation even with detectors having large response non-uniformities. For improving the performance of low-background IR imagers, an on-chip column-parallel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The design of a 10-bit ADC with 50 micrometers pitch and based on sigma-delta ((Sigma) -(Delta) ) modulation is presented. A novel IR imager readout technique featuring photoelectron counting in the unit cell is presented for ultra-low background applications. The output of the unit cell is a digital word corresponding to the incident flux density and the readout is noise free. The design of low-power ( 100,000), small real estate (60 micrometers pitch) self-biased CMOS amplifiers required for photon counting are presented.
On the chemical existence and partial purification of the hypothalamic follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone

Abstract Others have stated that the hypothalamic hormone, pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH 2 , in the “gonadotropin-releasing hormone” which regulates both the luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones (LH and FSH). Such dual regulation is contradictory to a long considered “unitary” interrelationship for hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Four fractions at stage SP and thirteen at stage P-2 released, in vitro , FSH at levels as high as 40,000->128,000 ng/ml. The release of FSH by synthetic LRH averaged about 16,700 (range 6150–28000) at 500 ng/ml. These data are basic and have priority, because they reveal the unknown FSHRH by differentiation of its activity from that of LHRH; this was not feasible before the availability of LHRH.
The effect of zafirlukast (Accolate) on early capsular contracture in the primary augmentation patient: a pilot study.

Abstract Background The development of capsular contracture following breast augmentation presents a challenge to the plastic surgeon. Treatment of capsular contracture with the leukotriene antagonist zafirlukast (Accolate, AstraZeneca, Wayne, PA) has received much attention in the media; however, there is limited proof of its effectiveness. Objective The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine a single surgeon's experience using zafirlukast in the treatment of capsular contracture in primary, submuscular breast augmentation with saline-filled, smooth-walled implants. Methods Thirty-seven patients (74 breasts) who underwent primary submuscular breast augmentation with saline-filled, smooth-walled implants were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks postoperatively by 3 independent observers and rated for capsular contracture using a modification of the Baker classification. Patients who demonstrated any capsular contracture (higher than modified Baker 1.0) were offered off-label use of zafirlukast 20 mg PO BID for 3 or 6 months after full informed consent was reviewed and accepted. In addition, patients were offered liver function chemistries at the start of treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months following zafirlukast treatment. The patients were assessed for implant mobility and capsular contracture at the initiation of leukotriene therapy and then again at 3- and 6-month time points. Results Forty-one breasts in this series (55.0%) were found to have early, mild capsular contracture. Specifically, 25 breasts were graded 1.5 (33.8% of total), 14 breasts graded 2.0 (18.9%), 1 breast graded 2.5 (1.4%), and 1 breast graded 3.0 (1.4%). Mean follow-up was 6.3 months. A positive response (complete or partial) was seen in a statistically significant proportion of treated breasts (75.7%, P Conclusions Zafirlukast appears effective in treating early capsular contracture after primary submuscular breast augmentation using saline-filled, smooth-walled implants. Further prospective studies with control groups and long-term follow-up will be needed to address many unanswered questions, including whether leukotriene inhibitors have long-term effects on capsular contracture following breast augmentation.
Prevention of Ventricular Fibrillation After Myocardial Revascularization

Ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion after aortic cross-clamping for coronary artery bypass grafting may cause subendocardial injury. We investigated the use of lidocaine to prevent ventricular fibrillation during this period. In a blind, prospective, randomized trial, 91 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedures were given lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or normal saline immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp. The groups were similar with respect to demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables. Myocardial preservation techniques were similar in both groups. Of 47 patients receiving lidocaine, 38 recovered a supraventricular rhythm without ventricular fibrillation, compared with only 5 of 44 patients in the control group (p less than .001). When ventricular fibrillation occurred, patients in the control group required a greater number of direct-current countershocks (2.31 versus 1.86) to convert to sinus rhythm. Transient heart block, requiring temporary pacing, developed in 3 patients in the lidocaine group, compared with 1 patient in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in the requirement for perioperative inotropic support (6 of 47 versus 6 of 44) or the number of myocardial infarctions (2 of 47 versus 1 of 44), and there were no deaths in either group. Lidocaine infusion immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp significantly reduces the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during the reperfusion period after cardiopulmonary bypass.
3D Numerical Analyses of Geosynthetic Encased Stone Columns

In very soft soils, the use of stone columns can be problematic due to the lack of adequate lateral confining pressure. In these situations, to provide the required lateral confining pressure and to increase their bearing capacity, stone columns can be encased by a suitable geosynthetic. Using a high-strength geosynthetic for confinement not only increases the strength of a stone column, but also prevents lateral squeezing of the column due to movement in the very soft surrounding soil. This paper describes 3D finite element analyses carried out to simulate the behavior of a single geosynthetic-encased stone column in a soft clay soil using the computer program ABAQUS. The influence of geosynthetic stiffness, column diameter, and the stiffness and friction angle of the column material were studied in the numerical analyses.
Crystal and molecular structure of 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxolin-3(1H)-one.tetra-n-butylammonium chloride

The title compound,6, a novel 1∶1 complex of 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxolin-3(1H)-one (5) andtetra-n-butylammonium chloride, was prepared from tetra-n-butylammoniumo-iodoxybenzoate (7) and acetyl chloride. A single crystal of6 was subjected to X-ray analysis: triclinic, space group\(P\bar 1;\)a=10.239(2),b=11.518(2),c=11.523(3)A; α=73.20(2); β=87.85(2), γ=87.72(2)°; R1=0.0326. The most notable structural feature of crystalline6 is the existence of a “secondary” bond [I· ·Cl(2), 2.943(1)A] between the chloride ion and the iodine atom of the chlorobenziodoxolinone moiety. Further coordination at iodine includes three primary bonds: I−C [2.115(4) A], I−O [2.145(3) A], I−Cl(1) [2.454(1) A]. The entire 1-chlorobenziodoxolinone-chloride sub-structure is planar and exhibits iodine-centered bond angles of 78.8(1)° [C−I−O], 92.0(1)° [C−I−Cl(1)], 97.6(1)° [Cl(2)−I−O] and 91.6(1)° [Cl(2)−I−Cl(1)]. The unit cell of6 contains two loosely packed formula units. The chlorobenziodoxolinone-chloride sub-structures occupy a common plane and exhibit a centrosymmetric relationship, while the tetra-n-butylammonium ions are situated one above and one below the plane. Bonding at the iodine atom in6 is more consistent with a 10-I-3 species electrostatically associated with the chloride ion than a 12-I-4 species such as the tetrachloroiodate ion.
Cloning of the cyclin A1 genomic structure and characterization of the promoter region. GC boxes are essential for cell cycle-regulated transcription of the cyclin A1 gene.

Cyclin A1 is a recently cloned cyclin with high level expression in meiotic cells in the testis. However, it is also frequently expressed at high levels in acute myeloid leukemia. To elucidate the regulation of cyclin A1 gene expression, we cloned and analyzed the genomic structure of cyclin A1. It consists of 9 exons within 13 kilobase pairs. The TATA-less promoter initiates transcription from several start sites with the majority of transcripts beginning within a 4-base pair stretch. A construct containing a fragment from −190 to +145 showed the highest transcriptional activity. Transfection of cyclin A1promoter constructs into S2 Drosophila cells demonstrated that Sp1 is essential for the activity of the promoter. Sp1, as well as Sp3, bound to four GC boxes between nucleotides −130 and −80 as observed by gel shift analysis. Mutations in two or more of the four GC boxes decreased promoter activity by >80%. The promoter was found to be cell cycle-regulated with highest activities found in late S and G2/M phase. Further analyses suggested that cell cycle regulation was accomplished by periodic repression of the GC boxes in G1 phase. Taken together, our data show that cyclin A1 promoter activity critically depends on four GC boxes, and members of the Sp1 family appear to be involved in directing expression of cyclin A1 in both a tissue- and cell cycle-specific manner.
A High Resolution Luminescence Study of Silver Diethylenetriaminepentaacetatoeuropate(III) Monohydrate

Abstract A low-temperature high-resolution luminescence study of Ag2Eu(DTPA) H2O has been carried out. The Eu3+ luminescence spectrum was recorded over the spectral range which includes transitions from the 5D0 excited state to the 7F0-6 ground state manifolds and from the 5D1 excited state to the 7F0-2 ground state manifolds. The observed spectral patterns are analyzed using group theoretical methods so as to deduce the site symmetry of the Eu3+ ion in the complex. The analysis shows that the Eu3+ ion occupies a spectroscopic site symmetry that approaches a C2v symmetry with distortion towards C2 or lower symmetry. Results from the analysis are compared with previously reported Xray crystallographic results. In addition, the transition energies exhibited in the emission spectrum have been used to calculate the relative energies of the electronic levels characteristic of Eu3+ ions in the title compound.
Refractory inclusions from the Leoville, Efremovka, and Vigarano c3v chondrites: Major element differences between types A and B, and extraordinary refractory siderophile element compositions

Instrumental neutron activation analysis is used to measure the bulk chemical compositions of ten Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from three C3V chondrites of the reduced subgroup, five from Leoville, three from Efremovka, and two from Vigarano. Six of the inclusions are found to possess very large fractionations between refractory siderophile elements, and four of the six have remarkably high concentrations of these siderophiles, as compared with CAIs analyzed previously. Most of the inclusions analyzed here have lower concentrations of Na, Au, Fe, Zn, and Mn than their Allende counterparts, consistent with the idea that they have experienced secondary alteration at a higher temperature or for a shorter time than did Allende inclusions.
An improved phase shift approach to the energy correction of the infinite order sudden approximation

A new method is presented for obtaining energy corrections to the infinite order sudden (IOS) approximation by incorporating the effect of the internal molecular Hamiltonian into the IOS wave function. This is done by utilizing the JWKB approximation to transform the Schrodinger equation into a differential equation for the phase. It is found that the internal Hamiltonian generates an effective potential from which a new improved phase shift is obtained. This phase shift is then used in place of the IOS phase shift to generate new transition probabilities. As an illustration the resulting improved phase shift (IPS) method is applied to the Secrest–Johnson model for the collinear collision of an atom and diatom. In the vicinity of the sudden limit, the IPS method gives results for transition probabilities, Pn→n+Δn, in significantly better agreement with the ’exact’ close coupling calculations than the IOS method, particularly for large Δn. However, when the IOS results are not even qualitatively correct, t...
Conditional Loss-of-Myosin-II-Function Mutants Reveal a Position in the Tail that Is Critical for Filament Nucleation

Abstract Myosin-II must be assembled into filaments to perform its cellular functions. Two conditional loss-of-myosin-II-function mutants were recovered from a previous genetic screen with defects that were mapped to the coiled-coil tail region of Dictyostelium myosin-II. Strikingly, both tail mutations affected the same arginine residue at position 1880. A single amino acid substitution, R1880P, disrupted both the dimerization and tetramerization steps of filament nucleation. Even a single charge reversal at this position, R1880D, was sufficient to inhibit filament assembly, while other single charge reversals in the region of antiparallel contact suppressed these filament assembly mutants. The considerable impact of small electrostatic forces on nucleation suggests that these steps are delicately balanced and easily reversible.
THE USE OF PYROPHYLLITE IN WALL-TILE BODIES*

The use of pyrophyllite in tile bodies is discussed. A statement of the place and character of the geological formation is made. The properties and thermal reactions of pyrophyllite are stated. The advantages gained by the use of pyrophyllite are decreased crazing, increased firing range, less fire-cracking, less warpage, and less die wear. Data and literature citations are given.
Cell migration to the anterior and posterior divisions of the granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb of adult opossums.

Abstract To test the hypothesis that differential addition of new cells occurs in the two functionally distinct divisions of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), the addition of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells was analyzed in the anterior and posterior subdivisions of the AOB as a function of post-injection survival time (0–11 days). One week postinjection, an increase of cells was detected in the granule layer but not in the glomerular or mitral/tufted cell layers. No evidence for differential addition of cells to the anterior and posterior divisions was observed.
Vortex- and Bragg-glass phases in bulk MgB2

Abstract A more complete magnetic field–temperature (H–T) phase diagram, containing the upper critical field Hc2(T), the vortex-glass melting line Hg(T), and the magnetic irreversibility line Hirr(T) has been established for bulk MgB2 (Tc=38.5 K), synthesized under 200 MPa pressure by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). Scaling analysis of resistivity data, Jc data, and electric field vs current density (E–J) isotherms in the mixed-state suggest that a Bragg-glass state exists for H
MRI-Based Strains and Relaxation Mapping in Human OA Articular Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage in synovial joints. The mechanical function of cartilage declines during OA progression, including the softening of the tissue coupled with increased friction and wear [1,2]. Structurally, cartilage wear is regionally nonuniform over the entire articular surface, and load-bearing regions often show more OA severity compared to non-load-bearing regions in the same joint [2].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Empirical examination of relationship between firm location and transportation facilities

The locations and profiles of firms in the six-county Chicago, Illinois, region were used to compare the businesses' proximities to freeway ramps and transit stations for two time periods: 1981 and 1999. A series of regression models was constructed to assess whether the location patterns with respect to transportation facilities have changed over the last two decades. The data suggest that, controlling for exogenous factors, businesses have moved closer to freeway ramps in the last two decades. Meanwhile, the distance to transit stations has not changed except in the city of Chicago, where it has decreased. These findings suggest shifts in location choice behaviors in the urban core and the suburbs. Specifically, firms in the urban core areas are valuing access to rail stations to a greater degree, whereas those in the suburbs are placing more importance on proximity to freeway ramps. The concentration of businesses near expressway ramps in the inner and middle suburbs suggests the emergence of a pattern in those areas that corresponds to a polycentric development, with freeway ramps as the focal points. Finally, the findings indicate a shift, not a decrease, in the importance of transportation access for business location choice.
Knockdown of Fcγ receptor III in an arthritic temporomandibular joint reduces the nociceptive response in rats.

Objective Fcγ receptor III (FcγRIII; CD16) is a receptor expressed on immune cells that selectively binds IgG molecules. IgG binding results in cellular activation and cytokine release. IgG is an important factor in arthritis and can be found in the arthritic temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that a reduction in FcγRIII expression in TMJ tissues would reduce the nociceptive and inflammatory responses in an inflamed joint. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA), either naked or complexed with linear polyethyleneimine, was injected into the superior joint space of the TMJ in rats. After administration of siRNA the joint was injected with saline or with Freund's complete adjuvant to induce arthritis. Nociceptive responses were quantitated in the rat by measuring the animal's meal duration. FcγRIII expression in the TMJ tissue was assayed by immunocytochemistry or Western blotting. Cleavage of FcγRIII transcript was then assayed by 5′ rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IgG content was measured in the TMJ tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Injection of FcγRIII siRNA reduced the amount of FcγRIII in the TMJ tissues, and the transcript was cleaved in a manner consistent with an RNA interference mechanism. Moreover, injection of FcγRIII siRNA reduced the nociceptive response of rats with an arthritic TMJ and reduced the amount of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Conclusion FcγRIII contributes to the pain resulting from inflammatory arthritis of the TMJ, and siRNA has the potential to be an effective treatment for this disorder.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT'S NEW “REQUISITE VARIETY”

This essay is based on my plenary address at the second annual meeting of the Production and Operations Management Society on November 11, 1991. I propose that as the competitive environment in which production and operations management (POM) practitioners operate becomes ever more demanding and the problems about which POM academics study and teach become more complex and interrelated, we need new approaches both in our teaching and our research. I describe five ways of expanding our “requisite variety” of capabilities.
Critical Structural Role of R481 in Cytochrome c Oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Abstract The R481 residue in cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides forms hydrogen bonds with the propionate groups of both heme a and heme a3. It has been postulated that R481 is the proton loading site in the proton exit pathway essential for proton translocation. A recent functional study showed that the mutations of R481 to His, Leu and Gln cause the reduction of the activity to ∼ 5–18% of the native level, and the absence of proton pumping in R481Q but retention of ∼ 40% efficiency in R481H and R481L (H.J. Lee, L. Ojemyr, A. Vakkasoglu, P. Brzezinski and R. B. Gennis, manuscript submitted). To decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the perturbed functionalities, we have used resonance Raman spectroscopy to examine the structural properties of the three mutants. The data show that the frequencies of the formyl C O stretching modes of both the heme a and a3 in the mutants are characteristic of formyl groups exposed to an aqueous environment, indicating that the mutations disrupt the native H-bonding interaction between the formyl group of heme a and R52, as well as the hydrophobic environment surrounding the formyl group of heme a3. In addition to the change in the environments of heme a and a3, the Raman data show that the mutations induce a partial conversion of the heme a3 from a high-spin to a low-spin state, suggesting that the mutations are associated with the rearrangement of the CuB-heme a3 binuclear center. The Raman results reported here demonstrate that R481 plays a critical role in supporting efficient proton pumping, by holding the heme groups in a proper environment.
Mass Spectral Characteristics of Pivalolactone and Polypivalolactone

Abstract The mass spectral characteristics of pivalolactone and its polymer have been determined. The monomeric lactone (MW 100) shows no molecular ion peak but does show peaks at 70 and 42 m/e associated with the loss of formaldehyde and then carbon monoxide and at 56 and 41 associated with the loss of isobutene and carbon dioxide. Only weak peaks, corresponding to the presence of traces of oligomers, are observed above m/e 71. The polymer, at volatilization temperatures of 250-350°C, gives fragments of up to 1242 m/e with a pattern recurring over intervals of 100 m/e units. The principal peaks occur at X42, X70, X83, and X01 m/e. Above 301, the X42 and X70 peaks are observable up to X = 12. The X70 fragment is assigned an acylium isobutyrate radical ion structure and the X42 fragment is assigned an isobutyl radical ion structure. The degradation products are accounted for as being formed from volatilized cyclic oligomers.
Remote power delivery for hybrid integrated bio-implantable electrical stimulation system

In this work, a remote power delivery system to charge rechargeable batteries that power a Bio-implanted Electrical Stimulation System (BESS) is first described. A loosely coupled inductive transmitter and receiver system has been used to power a bio-implanted gastric pacer. The receiver coil, rechargeable batteries, battery charging chip and the chip containing stimulation circuitry form a hybrid integrated microsystem. A design methodology for this Remote Power Delivery System (RPDS) is proposed. The BESS chip is also designed for electrical stimulation. It is a special IC chip which takes power from the rechargeable batteries and provides output pulses of 9.9 V amplitude at a frequency of 103 Hz and a duty cycle of 5%. The BESS chip contains a battery switching circuit and a pulse conditioning circuit which first provides pulses of 3 V amplitude. It also has an internal charge pump and a pulse booster circuit to boost the pulse amplitude to 9.9 V. Hybrid packaging is considered for integrating the implantable electrical stimulation circuitry and the remote power delivery system. Screen printed interconnects are used to integrate the BESS chip, the battery charging chip, discrete components and the receiver circuit of the RPDS.
Brain damage and reorganization of function in old age

Abstract Old-age rats given one-stage bilateral lesions of the frontal cortex were impaired on a shock avoidance task but were unimpaired on a spatial alternation problem, though both tasks are equally sensitive to removal of this same area in fully mature but younger rats. Old-age rats also failed to exhibit the sparing of function typical of younger adults when the frontal cortex is removed in sequential operations. The lack of impairment on the spatial task in senescent rats with frontal lesions is attributable to a relative deterioration in the performance of old-age controls, which take longer to learn the task than younger intact adults. Histological examination of the thalamic projection areas to frontal cortex in old-age rats revealed considerable cell loss in the intact as well as the brain-damaged cases. The results indicate a possible shift in some of the functions of the frontal cortex with advancing age.
The genome-linked protein VPg of the Norwalk virus binds eIF3, suggesting its role in translation initiation complex recruitment

The positive-strand RNA genomes of caliciviruses are not capped, but are instead covalently linked at their 5' ends to a viral protein called VPg. The lack of a cap structure typical of eukaryotic mRNA and absence of an internal ribosomal entry site suggest that VPg may function in translation initiation on calicivirus RNA. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing binding of Norwalk virus VPg to translation initiation factors. The eIF3d subunit of eIF3 was identified as a binding partner of VPg by yeast two-hybrid analysis. VPg bound to purified mammalian eIF3 and to eIF3 in mammalian cell lysates. To test the effects of the VPg- eIF3 interaction on translation, VPg was added to cell-free translation reactions programmed with either capped reporter RNA, an RNA containing an EMCV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) or an RNA with a cricket paralysis virus IRES. VPg inhibited translation of all reporter RNAs in a dose-dependent manner. Together, the data suggest that VPg may play a role in initiating translation on calicivirus RNA through unique protein-protein interactions with the translation machinery.
Inelastic Energy Transfer in Particle/Surface Collisions

A new theoretical model for the collisional energy transfer between a small solid particle and a smooth solid surface is presented. This model predicts that the critical capture velocity in a normal incidence collision is where λ is the ratio of the effective inertial mass of the substrate divided by the mass of the particle, dp is the particle diameter, mp is the particle mass, Yy is the yield stress of particle or substrate, whichever is smaller, and w is the Dupre surface energy for the particle/substrate system.
Alternatives to the androcentric bias of personality disorders

The DSM-IV reflects prevailing social values. It is biased against conventional female behaviour but ignores male stereotypes that are detrimental to self and society. Two new provisional personality disorders primarily observed in men are reported. Their inclusion in the DSM-IV would have helped the balance the nosological categories, provide new diagnostic tools, and sensitize clinicians on issues of gender pathology.
Luminescence induced by low energy electron deposition in suprasil® and spectrosil® glasses

Abstract Luminescence from high purity silica, Suprasil 1, Suprail W1, Spectrosil and Spectrosil WF, glasses during 320, 620 and 700 eV electron bombardment has been observed. With the exception of hydrogen and chlorine these four glasses have similar impurities and concentrations. Hydrogen and chlorine concentrations are higher and lower, respectively, in Suprasil 1 and Spectrosil. Several bands are observed in the four glasses. Their relative and absolute intensities are silica type dependent. Their difference will be discussed with reference to the processes by which the silicas were manufactured.
HILS1 is a spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein implicated in chromatin remodeling during mammalian spermiogenesis.

Chromatin remodeling is a major event that occurs during mammalian spermiogenesis, the process of spermatid maturation into spermatozoa. Nuclear condensation during spermiogenesis is accomplished by replacing somatic histones (linker histone H1 and core histones) and the testis-specific linker histone, H1t, with transition proteins and protamines. It has long been thought that H1t is the only testis-specific linker histone, and that all linker histones are replaced by transition proteins, and subsequently by protamines during spermiogenesis. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein (termed HILS1) in the mouse and human. Both mouse and human HILS1 genes are located in intron 8 of the α-sarcoglycan genes. HILS1 is highly expressed in nuclei of elongating and elongated spermatids (steps 9-15). HILS1 displays several biochemical properties that are similar to those of linker histones, including the abilities to bind reconstituted mononucleosomes, produce a chromatosome stop during micrococcal nuclease digestion, and aggregate chromatin. Because HILS1 is expressed in late spermatids that do not contain core histones, HILS1 may participate in spermatid nuclear condensation through a mechanism distinct from that of linker histones. Because HILS1 also belongs to the large winged helix/forkhead protein superfamily, HILS1 may also regulate gene transcription, DNA repair, and/or other chromosome processes during mammalian spermiogenesis.
Flying microwave qubits with nearly perfect transfer efficiency

We propose a procedure for transferring the state a microwave qubit via a transmission line from one resonator to another resonator, with a theoretical efficiency arbitrarily close to 100%. The emission and capture of the microwave energy is performed using tunable couplers, whose transmission coefficients vary in time. Using the superconducting phase qubit technology and tunable couplers with maximum coupling of 100 MHz, the procedure with theoretical efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.999$ requires a duration of about 400 ns (excluding propagation time) and an on/off ratio of 45. The procedure may also be used for a quantum state transfer with optical photons.
A current view of the human Ia system based on serological and immunochemical analysis.

Abstract We have approached the analysis of the human Ia system by localizing antigenic determinants on subsets of Class II molecules. For this purpose two classes of reagents have been used; alloantisera and mouse anti human monoclonal antibodies (moabs). We summarize here the most recent data obtained by these two approaches.
Human Arginase II: Crystal Structure and Physiological Role in Male and Female Sexual Arousal†,‡

Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. The X-ray crystal structure of a fully active, truncated form of human arginase II complexed with a boronic acid transition state analogue inhibitor has been determined at 2.7 A resolution. This structure is consistent with the hydrolysis of l-arginine through a metal-activated hydroxide mechanism. Given that human arginase II appears to play a role in regulating l-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase in human penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, the inhibition of human arginase II is a potential new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [Kim, N. N., Cox, J. D., Baggio, R. F., Emig, F. A., Mistry, S., Harper, S. L., Speicher, D. W., Morris, S. M., Ash, D. E., Traish, A. M., and Christianson, D. W. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2678−2688]. Since NO synthase is found in human clitoral corpus cavernosum and vagina, we hypothesized that human arginase II is similarly present i...
Iron-dependent hydroxyl radical formation and DNA damage from a novel metabolite of the clinically active antitumor drug VP-16

The dihydroxy derivative of VP-16 (DHVP), a novel metabolite of the clinically active antitumor drug VP-16, was cytotoxic to human breast tumor cells. It was found that DHVP chelates iron and catalyzes the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide and reduced glutathione. Ethanol, polyethylene glycol and t-butanol inhibited the formation of DMPO-OH, suggesting that perferryl iron was not involved in OH. formation. Under conditions which formed hydroxyl radicals, DHVP also induced nicking of SV40 DNA, suggesting that the mechanism of tumor cell killing by DHVP may involve iron-dependent free radical formation.
Men and family planning in zambia

This paper examines the sociodemographic factors which influence familiarity with methods of family planning among 85 males holding low paying jobs in the University of Zambia, Lusaka. The results showed that wife's education had a significant and positive effect on husband's familiarity with family planning methods. In the longer term, female education is likely to emerge as an important factor in the onset of fertility decline in Zambia.
Knowledge-contribution motivated adaptive neighborhood for multi-agent communities

In this paper we present a mechanism that facilitates adaptive neighborhood construction for multi-agent communities in the context of electronic trading. The proposed method is based on the posteriori evaluation of knowledge contribution that occurs during trust evaluation. The concept of "credit", which is derived by benchmarking a witness' opinion with the evaluating agent's own experiences and the actual benefits from the transaction, is used to represent the knowledge contribution by a witness. In our process, a hill-climbing strategy enables the agent to adaptively find neighbors who contribute the most to the trust evaluation process.
Why Obama is still our best hope

Americans who care about science and the wider benefits it brings should back the President for a second term, says geneticist and campaign advisor Andy Feinberg
Sustained release properties of cross-linked corn starches with varying amylose contents in monolithic tablets

Corn starches of varying amylose contents (0, 28, and 70%) were cross-linked with epichlorohydrin to different levels (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% w/w starch dry basis), and their sustained release properties in tablets were evaluated using propranolol hydrochloride as the model drug. Drug release was correlated with swelling power of the cross-linked starches, porosity of tablets, and rheological properties of the swollen tablets. Cross-linking increased the drug release rate from starch tablets, and had a stronger impact on amylose-containing starch matrices than on waxy corn starch ones. The cross-linked starches showed lower swelling power and produced tablets of lower porosity than their respective non-cross-linked controls. Increasing cross-linking led to progressively more rigid and stiffer waxy corn starch matrices, but it had the opposite effect on high amylose corn ones, and an intermediate effect on common corn ones. The amylose content played an important role in the properties of starch matrices, and consequently the sustained release and rheological behavior of starch tablets.
Four strategies for dealing with the counting anomaly in spontaneous collapse theories of quantum mechanics

A few years ago, I argued that according to spontaneous collapse theories of quantum mechanics, arithmetic applies to macroscopic objects only as an approximation. Several authors have written articles defending spontaneous collapse theories against this charge, including Bassi and Ghirardi, Clifton and Monton, and now Frigg. The arguments of these authors are all different and all ingenious, but in the end I think that none of them succeeds, for reasons I elaborate here. I suggest a fourth line of response, based on an analogy with epistemic paradoxes, which I think is the best way to defend spontaneous collapse theories, and which leaves my main thesis intact.
The power and the limits of Wittgenstein's N operator

The power of Wittgenstein's N operator described in the Tractatus is that every proposition which can be expressed in the Russellian variant of the predicate calculus familiar to him has an equivalent proposition in an extended variant of his N operator notation. This remains true if the bound variables are understood in the usual inclusive sense or in Wittgenstein's restrictive exclusive sense. The problematic limit of Wittgenstein's N operator comes from his claim that symbols alone reveal the logical status of propositions. This would require knowledge of the size of the Tractarian domain of unchangeable, simple objects, and this, Wittgenstein maintained, cannot be known.