cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I owe you: age-related similarities and differences in associative memory for gains and losses.

Older adults often experience associative memory impairments but can sometimes remember important information. The current experiments investigate potential age-related similarities and differences associate memory for gains and losses. Younger and older participants were presented with faces and associated dollar amounts, which indicated how much money the person “owed” the participant, and were later given a cued recall test for the dollar amount. Experiment 1 examined face-dollar amount pairs while Experiment 2 included negative dollar amounts to examine both gains and losses. While younger adults recalled more information relative to older adults, both groups were more accurate in recalling the correct value associated with high value faces compared to lower value faces and remembered gist-information about the values. However, negative values (losses) did not have a strong impact on recall among older adults versus younger adults, illustrating important associative memory differences between younger and older adults.
Acoustic signal processing toolbox for array processing

The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed an acoustic signal processing toolbox (ASPT) for acoustic sensor array processing. The intent of this document is to describe the toolbox and its uses. The ASPT is a GUI-based software that is developed and runs under MATLAB. The current version, ASPT 3.0, requires MATLAB 6.0 and above. ASPT contains a variety of narrowband (NB) and incoherent and coherent wideband (WB) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and beamforming algorithms that have been researched and developed at ARL. Currently, ASPT contains 16 DOA and beamforming algorithms. It contains several different NB and WB versions of the MVDR, MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. In addition, there are a variety of pre-processing, simulation and analysis tools available in the toolbox. The user can perform simulation or real data analysis for all algorithms with user-defined signal model parameters and array geometries.
Running in the surf: hydrodynamics of the shore crab Grapsus tenuicrustatus

SUMMARY When locomoting in water, animals experience hydrodynamic forces due to ambient water motion and their own motion through the water. Because an aquatic pedestrian must maintain contact with the substratum to locomote, hydrodynamic forces which can dislodge an animal have the capacity to constrain the postures, gaits and speeds an animal can use. This study measured hydrodynamic forces on the amphibious shore crab Grapsus tenuicrustatus in aquatic and terrestrial postures. The crabs’ locomotory speeds and ambient water velocities in their habitat were considered in predicting the conditions under which a crab is likely to overturn or wash away. A non-moving crab can withstand 200% faster flow in the aquatic posture than in the terrestrial posture. A crab using the terrestrial posture while locomoting through still water experiences 132% greater drag and 17% greater acceleration reaction forces than it does in the aquatic posture. Due to the lower hydrodynamic forces in the aquatic posture, a crab could locomote up to 50% more quickly or through a faster water flow environment than it could in the terrestrial posture. In faster flow environments like wave-swept rocky shores, a crab in either posture would have to actively grasp the substratum to keep from being dislodged, preventing it from using a punting gait. In slower flow environments, animals can locomote faster and take advantage of different gaits that are not available to them in faster flow environments.
The effect of orally administered androgens on sperm motility.

The effect of orally administered testosterone on sperm motility was tested by the administration of 10 mg of fluoxymesterone (Halotestin Upjohn) to 58 subfertile men (24-50 years old; Group 1) whose only semen defect was poor sperm motility and 35 other men (Group 2) with additional semen defects twice daily for 6 weeks. Serum testosterone levels were determined for 22 of the 58 men in Group 1 prior to therapy. As a result of therapy the sperm motility of 30 (52%) of the 58 men in Group 1 improved to normal levels. Pregnancies were documented in 15 (26%) of the 58 couples studied with 39 responding to questionaires on the subject. Pretreatment serum testosterone determinations were not helpful in predicting those most likely to benefit from therapy. No appreciable benefit was noted in semen quality of Group 2.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Effects of “Shellbond” on Water Quality: II. Effects on Phytoplankton Growth

Abstract ShellBond is a patented material derived from high temperature treatment of calcareous materials, including oyster shells, yielding a unique form of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Previous work with ShellBond showed effects on ammonium and phosphate concentrations in natural waters as well as significant effects on phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The ability of oyster ShellBond to regulate phytoplankton growth in natural waters was investigated in laboratory experiments in order to determine the likely mechanism of action. Experimental investigation of indirect ShellBond effects on phytoplankton growth mediated by effects on nutrient availability (as ammonium and phosphate) revealed no evidence for a plausible mechanism. The direct effect of ShellBond on the pH of the medium was sufficient, however, to suggest that ShellBond acted to limit availability of dissolved CO2 to primary producers; ShellBond amendments at 200 mg L−1 were sufficient to raise pH to >10.5. Dose-response experi...
Ecological Considerations in Chemical Control: Implications to Nontarget Invertebrates

It is becoming increasingly clear to entomologists that some of our current pest-control procedures and attitudes must be modified. This necessity is brought about not as a result of criticism of chemical control activities by highly articulate sources, but instead is being forced upon us by practical necessity. The distressing problems of resistance, of residues, of resurgences, of harmful effects on animals other than pests have become painfully familiar to every agricultural entomologist who must develop effective control measures for pests. His dilemma is that on the one hand he is faced with these very formidable problems attending chemical control, and yet on the other hand he must use insecticides to insure the continued production of certain crops as a commercial venture. Since World War II these troubles have increased in frequency and intensity, and it is therefore especially ironical that these difficulties have become most severe during the one period when entomologists were applying the most powerful array of pesticides that have ever been made available for use.
Fighting Words: Essays on Intellectuals, Politics and Pop.

(1993). Fighting Words: Essays on Intellectuals, Politics and Pop. American Journalism: Vol. 10, No. 1-2, pp. 133-134.
The Impact of POMDP-Generated Explanations on Trust and Performance in Human-Robot Teams

Researchers have observed that people will more accurately trust an autonomous system, such as a robot, if they have a more accurate understanding of its decision-making process. Studies have shown that hand-crafted explanations can help maintain effective team performance even when the system is less than 100% reliable. However, current explanation algorithms are not sufficient for making a robot's quantitative reasoning (in terms of both uncertainty and conflicting goals) transparent to human teammates. In this work, we develop a novel mechanism for robots to automatically generate explanations of reasoning based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems (POMDPs). Within this mechanism, we implement alternate natural-language templates and then measure their differential impact on trust and team performance within an agent-based online test-bed that simulates a human-robot team task. The results demonstrate that the added explanation capability leads to improvement in transparency, trust, and team performance. Furthermore, by observing the different outcomes due to variations in the robot's explanation content, we gain valuable insight that can help lead to refinement of explanation algorithms to further improve human-robot interaction.
SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils are a distinct subpopulation within the lungs of allergen-challenged mice

Although eosinophils as a group are readily identified by their unique morphology and staining properties, flow cytometry provides an important means for identification of subgroups based on differential expression of distinct surface Ags. Here, we characterize an eosinophil subpopulation defined by high levels of expression of the neutrophil Ag Gr1 (CD45+CD11c-SiglecF+Gr1hi). SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils, distinct from the canonical SiglecF+Gr1- eosinophil population, were detected in allergen-challenged wild-type and granule protein-deficient (EPX-/- and MBP-1-/-) mice, but not in the eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA strain. In contrast to Gr1+ neutrophils, which express both cross-reacting Ags Ly6C and Ly6G, SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils from allergen-challenged lung tissue are uniquely Ly6G+ Although indistinguishable from the more-numerous SiglecF+Gr1- eosinophils under light microscopy, FACS-isolated populations revealed prominent differences in cytokine contents. The lymphocyte-targeting cytokines CXCL13 and IL-27 were identified only in the SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophil population (at 3.9 and 4.8 pg/106 cells, respectively), as was the prominent proinflammatory mediator IL-13 (72 pg/106 cells). Interestingly, bone marrow-derived (SiglecF+), cultured eosinophils include a more substantial Gr1+ subpopulation (∼50%); Gr1+ bmEos includes primarily a single Ly6C+ and a smaller, double-positive (Ly6C+Ly6G+) population. Taken together, our findings characterize a distinct SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophil subset in lungs of allergen-challenged, wild-type and granule protein-deficient mice. SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils from wild-type mice maintain a distinct subset of cytokines, including those active on B and T lymphocytes. These cytokines may facilitate eosinophil-mediated immunomodulatory responses in the allergen-challenged lung as well as in other distinct microenvironments.
The Long, Long Road to Paris

The Paris Agreement was unanimously acclaimed by all countries on December 12, 2015, and came into force less than a year later on November 4, 2016, an unprecedentedly short time for an international treaty. As noted, a main aim is to keep the temperature increase at no more than 1.5 degree Celsius above preindustrial levels, and that also depends on countries living up to the principle of “differentiated responsibilities,” namely, for developed countries to assist developing countries to acquire renewable energy technologies, such as wind turbines. (In my terms, “to act in solidarity.”) This chapter traces scientists’ concerns with climate change and international conferences from 1979 to the present.
Improving Detailed Routability and Pin Access with 3D Monolithic Standard Cells

We study the impact of using 3D monolithic (3DM) standard cells on improving detailed routability and pin access. We propose a design flow which transforms standard rows of single-tier "2D" cells into rows of standard 3DM cells folded into two tiers. The transformation preserves layout characteristics such as overall area and number of metal layers for signal routing (i.e., M2 and above). It also creates redundant pins and free routing tracks in the two tiers used by the 3DM cells. We then propose an Integer Linear Program which routes as many nets as possible on the free 3DM routing tracks, leaving the rest of the nets to be routed via a standard global and detailed router on the metal layers dedicated for signal routing. Our experiments show significant improvement in detailed routability metrics using 3DM cells compared to using 2D standard cells.
Monocyte lineage–derived IL-6 does not affect chimeric antigen receptor T-cell function

Abstract Background aims Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has demonstrated remarkable success in targeting B-cell malignancies but is often complicated by serious systemic toxicity in the form of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS symptoms are primarily mediated by interleukin 6 (IL-6), and clinical management has focused on inhibition of IL-6 signaling. The cellular source and function of IL-6 in CRS remain unknown. Methods Using co-culture assays and data from patients on our clinical CAR T-cell trials, we investigated the cellular source of IL-6, as well as other CRS-associated cytokines, during CAR T-cell activation. We also explored the effect that IL-6 has on T-cell function. Results We demonstrated that IL-6 is secreted by monocyte-lineage cells in response to CAR T-cell activation in a contact-independent mechanism upon T-cell engagement of target leukemia. We observed that the presence of antigen-presenting cell–derived IL-6 has no impact on CAR T-cell transcriptional profiles or cytotoxicity. Finally, we confirm that CAR T cells do not secrete IL-6 in vivo during clinical CRS. Discussion These findings suggest that IL-6 blockade will not affect CD19 CAR T-cell-driven anti-leukemic cytotoxicity, permitting enhanced control of CRS while maintaining CAR T-cell efficacy.
A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis guyanensis Mimicking Otitis Externa.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous leishmaniasis typically presents as a painless papule progressing to an ulcer or plaque. In this case study of the ear, the disease manifested as a small painful bump progressing into redness and swelling about the ear with purulent drainage. After multiple oral/intravenous antipseudomonal, antistaphylococcal, and antifungal treatments, there was no improvement. The skin progressed to an erythematous plaque and hemorrhagic ulcer; punch biopsy and speciation revealed Leishmaniasis guyanensis. The patient was switched to a seven-dose course of intravenous L-amphotericin B (visceral leishmaniasis protocol). Within 21 days, pain and edema resolved and the ulcers healed. Three-month follow-up demonstrated no recurrence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of L-amphotericin B in Leishmaniasis guyanensis.
Perfluoroalkyl Substances during Pregnancy and Offspring Weight and Adiposity at Birth: Examining Mediation by Maternal Fasting Glucose in the Healthy Start Study.

Background: Certain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread, persistent environmental contaminants. Prenatal PFAS exposure has been associated with lower birth weight; h...
Multi-Agent Q(\( \lambda \)) Learning for Optimal Operation Management of Energy Internet

This paper proposes an optimal operation management methodology based on the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in energy internet (EI). An integrated approach to minimize the total cost of operation of such an electrical, natural gas and district heating network simultaneously is studied. A novel multi-agent Q(\( \lambda \)) learning method is presented to form a coordinated optimal management strategy of energy internet with multiple We-Energy(WE), and an equal interval sampling method is proposed to find the optimal discrete action sets so as to enhance the performance of the control areas. Furthermore, a global Q operator is designed to produce a global Q function considering the local reward from each agent which optimizes simultaneously. The proposed method verified by case studies applied to the modified energy network. Compared with the centralized approach, the test results show that the proposed method can provide a fast solution for the optimal operation management which can be applied to multiple We-Energy internet with sufficient accuracy.
The Effectiveness of Medicare Wellness Visits in Accessing Preventive Screening.

Introduction: Under the American Affordable Care Act, Medicare insurance beneficiaries receive free Annual Wellness Visits (AWV); there is a need to examine the effectiveness of these visits. The p...
The Stress Granule Transcriptome Reveals Principles of mRNA Accumulation in Stress Granules

Stress granules are mRNA-protein assemblies formed from nontranslating mRNAs. Stress granules are important in the stress response and may contribute to some degenerative diseases. Here, we describe the stress granule transcriptome of yeast and mammalian cells through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of purified stress granule cores and single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) validation. While essentially every mRNA, and some noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), can be targeted to stress granules, the targeting efficiency varies from 95%. mRNA accumulation in stress granules correlates with longer coding and UTR regions and poor translatability. Quantifying the RNA-seq analysis by smFISH reveals that only 10% of bulk mRNA molecules accumulate in mammalian stress granules and that only 185 genes have more than 50% of their mRNA molecules in stress granules. These results suggest that stress granules may not represent a specific biological program of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) assembly, but instead form by condensation of nontranslating mRNPs in proportion to their length and lack of association with ribosomes.
Making and Learning with Environmental Sound: Maker Culture, Ecomusicology, and the Digital Humanities in Music History Pedagogy

The digital humanities continue to be astonishingly silent. Gradually, soundwork is seeping into digital humanities training and scholarship. It is particularly constructive to begin a discussion of sound-based digital humanities with the integration of environmental soundwork into digital humanities conversations. Digital environmental humanities provide alternative vehicles to mobilize knowledge and enhance understanding of, and practical solutions for, pressing environment and sustainability issues, particularly those issues related to interactions among environment, society, and culture. As students increasingly question how their work in the classroom can impact the everyday world and conceive of education as a form of social activism, and as communities of scholars question how they can make their research more readily accessible to others, the digital humanities is working towards revising existing platforms for knowledge creation and developing new platforms that support collaborative and social forms of knowledge creation. In this essay I detail some of the possible applications of digital humanities practice and theory in musicologies pedagogy when engaging the intersections of music, sound, culture, and environmental and energy issues. The objective of the following article is two fold: to engage with the practice and process of integrating digital literacy and digital humanities methods and values into musicologies pedagogy through research-creation projects; to illustrate what the digital humanities have to offer musicologies teaching and research as we move as a community of scholars and learners toward the development of digital musicology. Using examples of iterative practice-based approaches to scholarly creation through the “making” of ecomusicology digital objects, this paper advocates for an exploratory and collaborative practice and politics of sound. One where scholars, and the sounding communities they study remediate, display, and archive the environments and soundscapes of our research for both academic and general audiences.
New directions in government-sponsored research

Last November, Dr. John Chipman, testifying at the Senate Preparedness Subcommittee’s enquiry into the missile and satellite program, said, “… basic research needs more support than it is getting at the present time … the sort of research that has been sponsored in a very laudable manner by the Office of Naval Research, which has been very intelligent in placing fundamental research contracts with the universities.” Here, the Head of the Metallurgy Branch of ONR tells which fields are likely to receive emphasis through Government support.
Validations of the OM-6 Parent-Proxy Survey for Infants/Toddlers with Otitis Media:

Objective To validate the Otitis Media-6 (OM-6), a parent-proxy quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaire for infants/young children with OM, against other previously validated generic QOL questionnaires. Study Design Multi-institutional cross-sectional study. Setting Twenty-three otolaryngology, pediatric, and family practices across the United States. Subjects and Methods Caregivers of 6- to 24-month-old children with a history of OM completed the OM-6, OM History Form, and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Infant Scales survey. Principal components analysis (PCA) examined the underlying factor structure of items on the OM-6, and Cronbach's α measured the internal consistency of items on each factor. Discriminant validity was assessed with receiver operating curves (ROCs). Results Surveys from 1045 patients were analyzed. The overall OM-6 was strongly to moderately correlated with the PedsQL Infant Scales scores (Pearson r = -0.649 for ages 6-12 months and -0.566 for ages 13-24 months). Two underlying constructs, "Behavior and Symptoms" and "Hearing and Speech," emerged from the PCA. Each factor and the overall OM-6 showed excellent internal consistency reliability (each Cronbach's α >0.75). The areas under the curve on the ROC analyses were <0.65 for recurrent and chronic OM using a variety of frequency and chronicity cut-points and definitions. Conclusion The OM-6 measures 2 underlying QOL constructs, Behavior and Symptoms and Hearing/Speech. The overall OM-6 showed acceptably high internal consistency reliability and good construct validity. However, the ability of the OM-6 to identify children who have more severe clinical recurrent or chronic OM vs milder disease was not supported by our analysis.
The Temperature and pH Problem

Since there is reason to believe that the core of the earth is currently hot and that genesis of the earth itself from “dust” might have generated heat, the primitive surface of our planet is sometimes also thought to have been hot. Whether or not it actually was is another matter, about which geologists do not agree today. The origin of both our planet and the other planets is much more speculative than frequently supposed, and the complexity of the problem has been dramatically emphasized by very recent studies of Mars and Venus. However, on the supposition that the surface was hot, some investigators have regarded thermophilic bacteria as a likely kind of organism to first have arisen on the earth.
The Use of Surfactants in Electrochemistry

A review is given of the uses of surfactants in electrochemistry. Although a summary is given of uses in analytical electrochemistry, most of the discussion is of the use of surfactants in reactions at solid electrodes with emphasis on uses in voltammetry, organic oxidation synthesis, oxidation of insoluble inorganic compounds and electrodeposition of metals.
Self-Regulated Wireless Power and Simultaneous 5MB/S Reverse Data over One Pair of Coils

A system of coupled resonators delivers wireless power of up to 93 mW to a biomedical implant, self-regulating the received voltage over coil separation and large changes in load current. A new modulation method, L-RSK, enables concurrent data transfer at up to 5 Mb/s in the reverse link.
Brief Commentary: Consequences of Marijuana—Observations From the Emergency Department

This commentary was 1 of 6 selected for publication from 100 submissions that responded to a call for readers' perspectives on prescribing or recommending marijuana.
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: Agricultural Menace Turned Effective Tool for Microbial Water Quality Monitoring and Assessing (Waste)water Treatment Technologies

Domestic wastewater pollution in environmental waters or water reuse supplies represents a threat to public health because of high concentrations of diverse pathogens associated with human excreta [1]. Since it is difficult to directly measure waterborne pathogens of concern, microbial water quality monitoring efforts often use surrogates or indicator organisms that are easily detected and whose presence reflects pathogen persistence [2]. Here, we describe an unconventional viral indicator of wastewater pollution, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a plant pathogen that was first proposed as a water quality indicator in 2009 [3] and promises to improve microbial water quality management worldwide [4].
Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid on Perioperative Hemoglobin Levels During Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent shown to reduce perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but there are limited data regarding th...
Abstract 1281: Genomic structure variation in large screening for pediatric sarcoma therapy

Complex chromosomal aberrations such as amplification and deletion of DNA copy number are frequently seen in sarcoma. Fifty-five DNA structure variation has been listed as standard clinical diagnosis for sarcoma by standard of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). However, copy number variation (CNV) as a biomarker of drug treatment for pediatrics sarcoma is still unclear, especially for relapsed and high recurrent patients of pediatric sarcoma. The paper aims to detect the prognosis biomarkers for rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing9s sarcoma (ES), and osteosarcoma based on copy number variation for 128 FDA-approved cancer drugs systematically. The 182 copy number variation (CNV) profiles from clinical sarcoma patients across three types of sarcoma, including osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and ES, are observed. Cox survival regression model is used to select significant cancer-related CNVs systematically by correlation with overall survival analysis. 532 significant common CNVs and 782 specific CNVs for different types of sarcoma are observed by p-value Citation Format: Lijun Cheng, Pooja Chandra, Limei Wang, Karen Pollok, Pankita Pandya, Mary Murray, Jacquelyn Carter, Michael Ferguson, Mohammad Reza, Mashall Mark, Lang Li, Jamie Renbarger. Genomic structure variation in large screening for pediatric sarcoma therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1281.
“Like the father's home:” perceived state of the Turkish-Sunni community in Germany

Abstract Focusing on a mosque organization, the Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DITIB), this paper engages with the Turkish-Sunni diaspora's complex perception of the ‘state’ in Germany. DITIB is a Sunni-Islam based mosque organization that oversees over 900 mosques across Germany. However, the Turkish-Sunni diaspora does not consider DITIB mosques as simply religious or cultural spaces but instead attributes a highly complex quasi-stateness to it. My field research between 2016 and 2018 reveals that for this community, DITIB reflects an intimate familial version of the Turkish state in Germany. While DITIB has significant connections to the state in Turkey, based on my findings I argue that these connections alone do not explain why the diaspora perceive DITIB like a state. Rather, DITIB's perceived stateness has been constructed through a historical process that brings to the fore diasporic experiences, feelings, and memories centered at the ethnoreligious spaces of mosques. Thus, this research produces new questions for, and theoretical approaches to geographies of states, extending this literature's emphasis on everyday and intimate perspectives. I build on feminist geopolitics and diaspora studies to contribute to this scholarship by analyzing the role of feelings and memories in forming perceptions of the state. I explain how spaces of perceived states become fluid, cross the borders of officially defined national territories, and exceed the classical spaces and embodiment of states. Instead, spaces like mosques come to be perceived like a state through their association with care, unity, and a home. This analysis points to the emotional and memory-based production of what is perceived as a state and how those perceptions are formed.
Optimal Interventions for Increasing Healthy Food Consumption Among Low Income Households

The federal government currently spends over $100 billion per year on policies aimed to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among low income households. These include price-, nutrition education-, and access-related interventions. Currently, the government allocates funds to each type of intervention in an ad- hoc fashion, often resulting in surprisingly disappointing outcomes. For example, access-related interventions have seen mixed results in many case studies, resulting in debate about the importance of supply-side interventions. This paper introduces a novel consumer behavioral model for grocery shopping dynamics, which is nested into a bi-level model for optimizing the governments investments. The government’s goal is to increase fruit and vegetable (FV), or more generally healthy food, consumption among low income households by utilizing strategic portfolios of interventions. Based on primitives estimated from data, the model agrees with known empirical evidence and suggests several new policy insights, for example that access- related interventions are only beneficial under specific conditions which depend heavily on the consumer’s value of nutrition. In a setting where the government cannot provide completely personalized interventions, it is found that high levels of FV consumption by can be achieved by subsetting consumers based on key characteristics and deploying smart subpopulation-level strategies.
A pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy for sexual minorities experiencing work stress

Abstract Approximately ten million individuals in the United States self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or queer, and comprise 4% of the work force. There are currently no global protections against discrimination based on sexual identify in the workplace. Therefore, several people who identify as sexual minorities may experience discrimination, incivility, and hostility in the work place leading to burnout, as well as poor mental and physical health. Although global policies and protections against discrimination based on gender and sexual identity are needed, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could provide useful tools at the individual level for sexual minorities experiencing work stress. The current study is a pilot study designed to measure feasibility and acceptability of treatment. Participants were adults (n = 8) who self-identified as sexual minorities, were employed at least half time, and reported experiencing work stress. Participants attended a 4-h ACT session for sexual minorities experiencing work stress. Participants completed process-based measures and symptom-based measures. All measures of feasibility and acceptability indicated that participants found the intervention to be helpful, effective, and insightful. Further, one-tailed paired-samples t-tests indicated significant change for burnout. These results suggest that initial outcomes of the study are promising and encourage further examination of the efficacy of ACT as an intervention for sexual minority employees struggling with work stress. Although it is important to continue to create policy changes against discrimination, ACT may provide skills for sexual minorities to build resilience and increase well-being in an unjust world.
Patient Blood Management in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients

This narrative review provides a framework for contemporary patient blood management (PBM) in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. ECMO use is growing in adults with cardiopulmonary failure and bleeding, and allogeneic transfusion is common. There are no high quality randomized controlled trials to guide transfusion strategies or anticoagulation. Recent studies offer some insight into the coagulation changes that occur during ECMO, optimal anticoagulation practices, and potential therapies for bleeding. PBM for adult ECMO patients should be grounded in an understanding of the coagulation changes that occur during ECMO and evidence-based transfusion medicine practices. As randomized controlled trials are completed, PBM will continue to mature, which should help to improve outcomes and reduce costs for ECMO patients.
Revenue Reconsidered: Exploring the Influence of Changes in Local and State Appropriations on Online Enrollment at Community Colleges

Community colleges in the United States continue to face financial difficulties related to declining enrollment numbers and lower levels of public funding when compared to four-year institutions. P...
Effectiveness of fidaxomicin versus oral vancomycin in the treatment of recurrent clostridioides difficile.

What is known and objective The 2017 IDSA/SHEA Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recommend treating recurrent episodes with fidaxomicin or oral vancomycin, but there is little evidence to support one strategy over another, particularly beyond the first recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent CDI treated with vancomycin vs. fidaxomicin. Methods This retrospective study evaluated inpatients with recurrent CDI treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin between 1 January 2013 and 1 May 2019. The primary outcome was CDI recurrence. Secondary outcomes included re-infection, treatment failure, infection-related length of stay (IRLOS) and in-hospital all-cause mortality (IHACM). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was utilized, as appropriate. A multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval assessing recurrence while adjusting for confounding variables. A survival analysis was also conducted. Results 135 patients met the inclusion criteria (35 fidaxomicin vs. 100 vancomycin). There was no difference in CDI recurrence [7 (20%) fidaxomicin vs. 11 (11%) vancomycin, p = 0.18]; this persisted in the MLR model (OR: 0.85 [95% CI 0.27-2.7]) and survival analysis (p = 0.1954). Additionally, there was no difference in re-infection rate (p = 0.73), treatment failure (p = 0.13), IRLOS (p = 0.19) or IHACM (p = 0.65). What is new and conclusion This represents the first analysis of CDI recurrence that included patients with >2 prior episodes of CDI. The study found no difference in additional recurrences when patients were treated with oral vancomycin vs fidaxomicin for recurrent CDI. However, the current study is limited by the small sample size available for inclusion. Prospective randomized studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this study's conclusions.
Comparison of motor vehicle-involved e-scooter and bicycle crashes using standardized crash typology

Abstract Introduction: The market share of e-scooters in the United States has proliferated in cities: 86 million trips were made on shared e-scooters in 2019, a more than 100% increase compared to 2018. However, the interaction of e-scooters with other road users and infrastructure remains uncertain. Method: This study scrutinized 52 e-scooter and 79 bicycle police-reported crashes in Nashville, Tennessee, from April 2018 to April 2020 from the Tennessee Integrated Traffic Analysis Network (TITAN) database. We used descriptive analysis and a recent prototype version of the Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) to classify crashes based on the locations of the crashes relative to roadway segments or intersections, as well as the maneuver of the motor vehicle and e-scooter/bicycle relative to the motor vehicle. Results: Two crash typologies can explain the majority of e-scooter crashes, while bicycle crashes are distributed over several crash typologies. Additionally, 1 in 10 e-scooter- and bicycle-motor vehicle crashes leads to the injury or fatality of the e-scooter rider or bicyclist. Furthermore, we noted statistically significant differences in spatial and temporal distribution, demographics, lighting conditions, and crash distance from home for e-scooter and bicycle crashes. Conclusions: The police crash report provides a comprehensive picture of e-scooter safety complementing existing literature. We found that e-scooter crash characteristics do not fully overlap with features of bicycle crashes. Practical Implications: A generalized engineering, education, and enforcement treatment to reduce and prevent e-scooter and bicycle crashes, injuries, and fatalities might not result in equal outcomes for each mode. More rigorous enforcement could be implemented to deter e-scooters riders under the age of 18 years and e-scooter safety campaigns could target female riders.
Vortex noise and fluctuation conductivity in Josephson-junction arrays

We study the vortex number noise ${S}_{v}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and fluctuation conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ in two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays at three different applied magnetic fields, corresponding to zero, one-half, and $\frac{1}{24}$ of a flux quantum per plaquette $(f=0$, $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{24}$). ${S}_{v}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ are obtained by numerically solving the equations for the coupled overdamped resistively-shunted-junction model with Langevin noise to simulate the effects of temperature. In all three cases, we find that ${S}_{v}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}3/2}$ at high frequencies $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and flattens out to become frequency independent at low $\ensuremath{\omega}$, indicative of vortex diffusion, while ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ at sufficiently high $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{0}$ at low frequencies. Both quantities show clear evidence of critical slowing down and a simplified scaling behavior near the normal-to-superconducting transitions at $f=0$ and $f=$$\frac{1}{2}$, indicating that the vortex diffusion coefficient is approaching zero and the charge-carrier relaxation time is diverging at these temperatures. At $f=$$\frac{1}{24}$, there is no clear phase transition; instead, the vortex diffusion coefficient diminishes continuously as the temperature is lowered towards zero. The critical slowing down of ${S}_{v}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, but not its frequency dependence, is in agreement with recent experiments on the flux noise ${S}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ in Josephson-junction arrays, which show a $1/\ensuremath{\omega}$ frequency dependence. We speculate about some possible reasons for the absence of a $1/\ensuremath{\omega}$ frequency regime.
The Future Is Now: Incorporating Telemedicine into Glaucoma Care.

The field of teleglaucoma has expanded rapidly in recent years with several large-scale teleglaucoma screening programs in existence throughout the world. Additionally, teleglaucoma programs for use in disease management are under study. The limited access to care that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for expansion of such programs. This article reviews the literature on teleglaucoma for screening and management of glaucoma, discussing considerations for incorporating teleglaucoma into clinical practice. Teleglaucoma screening reduces the rate of false-positive referrals and can accurately screen at-risk populations with accuracy similar to in-person screening. The use of teleglaucoma for the management of glaucoma shows promise for low-risk patients with early disease. Furthermore, teleglaucoma is cost-effective and reduces travel burden for patients resulting in high patient satisfaction. Teleglaucoma offers potential for improving access to glaucoma care, reducing the burden on patients and health care systems.
Formal Models of Domestic Politics

Formal Models of Domestic Politics offers a unified and accessible approach to canonical and important new models of politics. Intended for political science and economics students who have already taken a course in game theory, this new edition retains the widely appreciated pedagogic approach of the first edition. Coverage has been expanded to include a new chapter on nondemocracy; new material on valance and issue ownership, dynamic veto and legislative bargaining, delegation to leaders by imperfectly informed politicians, and voter competence; and numerous additional exercises. Political economists, comparativists, and Americanists will all find models in the text central to their research interests. This leading graduate textbook assumes no mathematical knowledge beyond basic calculus, with an emphasis placed on clarity of presentation. Political scientists will appreciate the simplification of economic environments to focus on the political logic of models; economists will discover many important models published outside of their discipline; and both instructors and students will value the classroom-tested exercises. This is a vital update to a classic text.
The Wiener-Plancherel Theorem on R n

This paper will discuss the recent proof of the n-dimensional Wiener-PIancherel formula [2] and some of the problems encountered in extending Wiener’s Generalized Harmonic Analysis (GHA) to Rn. A key feature of this theory is the definition of an appropriate s-function, which in turn depends on the convergence criteria selected. This paper considers convergence over rectangles.
Atomic Manipulation on Metal Surfaces

Half a century ago, Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman asked in a now-famous lecture what would happen if we could precisely position individual atoms at will [R.P. Feynman, Eng. Sci. 23, 22 (1960)]. This dream became a reality some 30 years later when Eigler and Schweizer were the first to position individual Xe atoms at will with the probe tip of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) on a Ni surface [D.M. Eigler, E.K. Schweizer, Nature 344, 524 (1990)].
REMOVAL OF ZINC IS REQUIRED FOR PROCESSING OF THE MATURE NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, TYPE 1, BY THE VIRAL PROTEASE

In human immunodeficiency virus, RNA selection and packaging during assembly involve the two retroviral-type fingers of the nucleocapsid protein that are held in a constrained configuration by coordinated zinc ions. In this report, we demonstrate that the nucleocapsid protein in a metal bound state is resistant to cleavage by the viral protease, but upon removal of zinc ions by chelating agents, it is hydrolyzed within the first zinc finger between Phe-16 and Asn-17. However, 3-nitrosobenzamide and cupric ions, which release zinc through oxidation of the cysteine residues of the finger, render the nucleocapsid protein resistant to cleavage. Since protease inhibitors and 3-nitrosobenzamide restrict processes relating to steps early in infection, the cleavage of the nucleocapsid protein may represent an essential event that can be exploited for the design of novel antiviral agents.
HIV-1 Interactions with Cells: From Viral Binding to Cell-Cell Transmission

Characterization of HIV-1 interactions with host cells is critical for cell biology studies of HIV-1. This unit describes a set of methods and protocols to perform quantitative assays of HIV-1 binding, internalization, infection, and cell-cell transmission. The protocols include: (1) generating infectious single-cycle or replication-competent HIV-1 stocks, (2) an HIV-1 binding and internalization assay, (3) HIV-1 infection of target cells and quantification of viral infection, and (4) HIV-1 cell-cell transmission assays. These functional assays provide useful tools to quantitatively study HIV-1 infection and viral transmission.
Right on Crime? The Spatial Politics of Crime in El Salvador

Despite a growing literature on the left in Latin America, few studies consider the fate of the right. This paper examines a highly successful conservative party, the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), which held power for close to two decades in El Salvador. ARENA used crime to boost its support among constituencies buffeted by crime. The uneven threat posed by the far right explains the timing of ARENA’s promotion of mano dura policies. But the electoral appeal of mano dura policies varied across time and space. In 1997, mano dura policies helped ARENA regain votes in rural communities and those most affected by civil war violence. Communities that experienced high levels of both civil war and postwar violence, however, turned away from ARENA. In 2004, the impact of the civil war faded. Mano dura policies appealed to voters in urban and high-crime areas, regardless of historical experiences.
TECHNICAL OPTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION AND CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN HIGHWAY VEHICLES

Manufacturers of light–duty highway vehicles are sometimes caught between the desire of the consumer for a reasonable–cast conveyance that is a pleasure to operate and the mandates of regulation seeking societal objectives of energy conservation and preservation of air quality. The prospects for improving conventional vehicles in these areas by the year 2000 are considered. Alternative engines and fuels are reviewed for the same time–frame. The status of the battery–electric vehicle is assessed. Shifting attention to the mid–2lst century, the possibility of global warming is chanelling thought toward non–fossil fuels, with hydrogen being added to the list of options.
Joint controlled fluid flow patterns and iron mass transfer in Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Southern Utah, USA

The Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument (GSENM), Utah, exhibits a broad range of iron oxide/oxyhydroxide concretionary geometries that record a complex paragenetic history of the reservoir. The concretionary geometries are as follows: (i) common macroconcretions (>5 mm in diameter), (ii) ubiquitous microconcretions (<5 mm in diameter), (iii) localized iron oxide/oxyhydroxide-lined northeast-striking joints, and (iv) loopy asymmetrical mineralization and banded precipitation patterns (Liesegang bands) associated with the joints. Spheroidal concretion geometries typically indicate diffusive mass transfer, whereas asymmetrical mineralization represents advective directional flow. Liesegang bands parallel to asymmetrical mineralization denote a diffusive mass transfer component perpendicular to the principal flow direction. Careful study of concretionary geometries and their cross-cutting relationships establishes a relative timing of precipitation and mobilization events. Macroconcretions formed post-Laramide (<55 Ma), prior to and independent of the Miocene joints. The joints provided conduits for later oxidizing fluids that precipitated iron oxide/oxyhydroxide lining on the joint faces. Advective mass transfer overprinted the area with preferentially cemented flow lines (asymmetrical mineralization) less than 10 Ma, coincident with development of a hydraulic low to the southeast of the region (Colorado River downcutting). Certain trace elements are genetically tied to concretion formation, and evaluation of trace elements establishes precursor mineral phases. Enriched uranium concentrations in concretions (relative to the host rock) and low/undetectable sulfur concentrations in both host rock and concretions suggest that iron oxyhydroxide was a primary precipitate rather than a reduced iron mineral (i.e., pyrite or siderite) that later oxidized. Enrichment of Ni and As in concretions functions as fingerprints for diagenetic concretion formation when determining genesis of ambiguous iron oxide/oxyhydroxide spherules such as the remotely sensed ‘blueberries’ on Mars. Similarities between Mars and Utah spherules such as geometry, in situ spacing and volumetric density suggest that Mars spherules precipitated via a geochemically self-organized nucleation pattern in diffusive chemical reaction fronts.