cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing Active Student Responding and Improving Academic Performance through Classwide Peer Tutoring.

Classwide Peer Tutoring is a powerful instructional procedure that actively engages all students in a classroom and that promotes mastery, accuracy, and fluency in content learning for students with and without disabilities. The purpose of this article is to discuss Classwide Peer Tutoring as an effective instructional procedure. The article is organized into two major areas: (a) a description of the procedure and (b) efficacy research supporting the practice of the procedure.
Delayed Neurologic Deterioration Following Anoxia: Brain Mitochondrial and Metabolic Correlates

: Hyper- but not normoglycemic cats exposed to 8 min of anoxia show neurologic signs (fasciculations, myoclonic jerks, seizures) that develop after a symptom-free period. We examined brain mitochondrial function and metabolite concentrations at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h following exposure to anoxia, to correlate biochemical findings with the presence (“symptomatic”) or absence (“presymptomatic”) of neurologic signs. Brain mitochondria isolated postexposure only from symptomatic cats showed markedly decreased (-50%), state 3 (ADP-stimulated), and uncoupler-stimulated respiration rates with NAD- and FAD-linked substrates. Respiratory control and ADP/oxygen (ADP/O) ratios remained unchanged, indicating, respectively, that coupling and efficiency of ATP synthesis were preserved. Thus, inhibition of electron transport chain function, not phosphorylative activity, may be rate limiting for respiration. During anoxia, hyperglycemic cats showed higher brain lactate levels (26 versus 20 μmol/g), but similar ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations, compared with normoglycemic cats. After exposure, in all animals lactate and phosphocreatine were restored to control levels, whereas ATP remained at 85%. Cats that became symptomatic demonstrated four- to sixfold increases in lactate and 50% reductions in phosphocreatine. At 3 and 5 h postexposure, symptomatic animals showed significant reductions in ATP concentrations. We conclude that although initially asymptomatic, hyperglycemic cats exposed to anoxia undergo a neurologic deterioration over several hours following reoxygenation that is correlated with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, increases in tissue lactate, and decreases in energy state.
Spike Frequency Adaptation and Signaling Properties of Identified Neurons in Rodent Deep Spinal Dorsal Horn

Using whole cell recordings, I analyzed the intrinsic discharge properties for 285 neurons in Rexed's laminae III–V of isolated hamster spinal cord preparations. Neurons were characterized by their...
American Indian Narrative

Traditions of the Arapaho. George Dorsey and Alfred Kroeber. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Books, 1997. xxx + 487 pp. Traditions of the Caddo. George Dorsey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Books, 1997. xxiv + 133 pp.
Reliability of wide bandgap semiconductor power switching devices

Long-term field-reliability of gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) power switching devices is critically discussed in terms of bulk material defects. A new static reverse bias stress test circuit with a reactive load is proposed to delineate devices prone to field-failures.
Toward dependable safety-critical software

The failure of safety critical systems can result in catastrophic loss of life and property. Hence, it is necessary to assure the reliability of these systems to a high degree of confidence before they are put into operational use. However, at these extreme levels of ultra high reliability requirements, errors in the specification and in estimates of the operational profile become significant factors. An approach that has been suggested is to use secondary and tertiary software that meet ultra high reliability requirements but at a reduced functionality as compared with the primary software. Two major problems are: how to select appropriate functionality for the non primary versions; and how to determine when to invoke these backup versions. We present a unified approach for handling these two problems. It starts with a rigorous method for assessing ultra high reliability requirements and then develops mechanisms for incorporating one of more backup versions. The reliability assessment procedure uses formal methods to amplify the effect of each test case and results in the construction of a reliability MAP (Measured Assurance Prediction system) for the software. This provides a confidence estimate for the correctness of the software for a given operational situation and serves as a trigger for switching to a backup version. The main requirement is that the MAP for the backup version must be known to a higher degree of confidence than that for the original version. The approach is illustrated using a simple process control example.
Optical frequency comb characterization via spectral shearing interferometry in an A-PPLN waveguide

A new self-referenced technique for measuring the amplitude and phase of individual optical frequency comb lines is demonstrated. Spectral frequency shear is obtained from sum frequency generation of a signal comb with wavelength separated reference tones.
Crested Wheatgrass Control and Native Plant Establishment in Utah

Effective control methods need to be developed to reduce crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner) monocultures and promote the establishment of native species. This research was designed to determine effective ways to reduce crested wheatgrass and establish native species while minimizing weed invasion. We mechanically (single- or double-pass disking) and chemically (1.1 L ? ha 21 or 3.2 L ? ha 21 glyphosate–Roundup Original Max) treated two crested wheatgrass sites in northern Utah followed by seeding native species in 2005 and 2006. The study was conducted at each site as a randomized block split plot design with five blocks. Following wheatgrass-reduction treatments, plots were divided into 0.2-ha subplots that were either unseeded or seeded with native plant species using a Truax Rough Rider rangeland drill. Double-pass disking in 2005 best initially controlled wheatgrass and decreased cover from 14% to 6% at Lookout Pass and from 14% to 4% at Skull Valley in 2006. However, crested wheatgrass recovered to similar cover percentages as untreated plots 2–3 yr after wheatgrass-reduction treatments. At the Skull Valley site, cheatgrass cover decreased by 14% on herbicide-treated plots compared to an increase of 33% on mechanical-treated plots. Cheatgrass cover was also similar on undisturbed and treated plots 2 yr and 3 yr after wheatgrass-reduction treatments, indicating that wheatgrass recovery minimized any increases in weed dominance as a result of disturbance. Native grasses had high emergence after seeding, but lack of survival was associated with short periods of soil moisture availability in spring 2007. Effective wheatgrass control may require secondary treatments to reduce the seed bank and open stands to dominance by seeded native species. Manipulation of crested wheatgrass stands to restore native species carries the risk of weed invasion if secondary treatments effectively control the wheatgrass and native species have limited survival due to drought.
Bridging the Gap between User-Centered Intentions and Actual Design Practice

In this paper, we introduce a notation that highlights necessary elements in a practice-centered design process and which can be used to describe a set of common errors committed by design organizations leading to computer-based systems that create new burdens for practitioners. These common design errors result from an organizational tendency to underinvest in modeling error and expertise and using prototypes to discover requirements. The former underinvestment can lead to designs based on uninformed, underspecified, and unexamined models of the relationship between technology and human performance. The latter can lead to commitment to a design concept before fully exploring the range of possible solutions. We suggest ways to avoid these problems by setting forth a balanced organizational investment strategy that would enhance the possibilities for the development of useful systems.
Maturation, fertilization, and the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum in cryopreserved mouse oocytes.

Oocyte cryopreservation is a promising technology that could benefit women undergoing assisted reproduction. Most studies examining the effects of cryopreservation on fertilization and developmental competence have been done using metaphase IIstage oocytes, while fewer studies have focused on freezing oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, followed by in vitro maturation. Herein, we examined the effects of vitrifying GVstage mouse oocytes on cytoplasmic structure and on the ability to undergo cytoplasmic changes necessary for proper fertilization and early embryonic development. We examined the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as one indicator of cytoplasmic structure, as well as the ability of oocytes to develop Ca 2+ release mechanisms following vitrification and in vitro maturation. Vitrified GV-stage oocytes matured in culture to metaphase II at a rate comparable to that of controls. These oocytes had the capacity to release Ca 2+ following injection of inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate, demonstrating that Ca 2+ release mechanisms developed during meiotic maturation. The ER remained intact during the vitrification procedure as assessed using the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiI. However, the reorganization of the ER that occurs during in vivo maturation was impaired in oocytes that were vitrified before oocyte maturation. These results show that vitrification of GV-stage oocytes does not affect nuclear maturation or the continuity of the ER, but normal cytoplasmic maturation as assessed by the reorganization of the ER is disrupted. Deficiencies in factors that are responsible for proper ER reorganization during oocyte maturation could contribute to the low developmental potential previously reported in vitrified in vitro-matured oocytes. assisted reproductive technology, gamete biology, in vitro fertilization, meiosis
Uncommonly Observed The Impact of New Jersey’s Halfway House System

Despite the nationwide use of halfway houses (HWHs), empirical findings documenting their impact have been generally infrequent over the last 30 years. Recent high-profile incidents have increased ...
DEMS: a data mining based technique to handle missing data in mobile sensor network applications

In Mobile Sensor Network (MSN) applications, sensors move to increase the area of coverage and/or to compensate for the failure of other sensors. In such applications, loss or corruption of sensor data, known as the missing sensor data phenomenon, occurs due to various reasons, such as power outage, network interference, and sensor mobility. A desirable way to address this issue is to develop a technique that can effectively and efficiently estimate the values of the missing sensor data in order to provide timely response to queries that need to access the missing data. There exists work that aims at achieving such a goal for applications in static sensor networks (SSNs), but little research has been done for those in MSNs, which are more complex than SSNs due to the mobility of mobile sensors. In this paper, we propose a novel data mining based technique, called Data Estimation for Mobile Sensors (DEMS), to handle missing data in MSN applications. DEMS mines the spatial and temporal relationships among mobile sensors with the help of virtual static sensors. DEMS converts mobile sensor readings into virtual static sensor readings and applies the discovered relationships on virtual static sensor readings to estimate the values of the missing sensor data. We also present the experimental results using both real life and synthetic datasets to demonstrate the efficacy of DEMS in terms of data estimation accuracy.
Epigenetic regulation of CD133 and tumorigenicity of CD133 positive and negative endometrial cancer cells

Background Recent data provide significant evidence to support the hypothesis that there are sub-populations of cells within solid tumors that have an increased tumor initiating potential relative to the total tumor population. CD133, a cell surface marker expressed on primitive cells of neural, hematopoietic, endothelial and epithelial lineages has been identified as a marker for tumor initiating cells in solid tumors of the brain, colon, pancreas, ovary and endometrium. Our objectives were to assess the relative level of CD133 expressing cells in primary human endometrial tumors, confirm their tumorigenic potential, and determine whether CD133 expression was epigenetically modified.
Presynaptic Inhibition of Olfactory Sensory Neurons: New Mechanisms and Potential Functions

Presynaptic inhibition is the suppression of neurotransmitter release from a neuron by inhibitory input onto its presynaptic terminal. In the olfactory system, the primary sensory afferents from the olfactory neuroepithelium to the brain’s olfactory bulb are strongly modulated by a presynaptic inhibition that has been studied extensively in brain slices and in vivo. In rodents, this inhibition is mediated by γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and dopamine released from bulbar interneurons. The specialized GABAergic circuit is now well understood to include a specific subset of GAD65-expressing periglomerular interneurons that stimulate presynaptic GABAB receptors to reduce presynaptic calcium conductance. This inhibition is organized to permit the selective modulation of neurotransmitter release from specific populations of olfactory sensory neurons based on their odorant receptor expression, includes specialized microcircuits to create a tonically active inhibition and a separate feedback inhibition evoked by sensory input, and can be modulated by centrifugal projections from other brain regions. Olfactory nerve output can also be modulated by dopaminergic circuitry, but this literature is more difficult to interpret. Presynaptic inhibition of olfactory afferents may extend their dynamic range but could also create state-dependent or odorant-specific sensory filters on primary sensory representations. New directions exploring this circuit’s role in olfactory processing are discussed.
Adaptive residual subsampling methods for radial basis function interpolation and collocation problems

We construct a new adaptive algorithm for radial basis functions (RBFs) method applied to interpolation, boundary-value, and initial-boundary-value problems with localized features. Nodes can be added and removed based on residuals evaluated at a finer point set. We also adapt the shape parameters of RBFs based on the node spacings to prevent the growth of the conditioning of the interpolation matrix. The performance of the method is shown in numerical examples in one and two space dimensions with nontrivial domains.
An accelerated DFT-MoM for the analysis of large finite periodic antenna arrays in grounded layered media

The DFT-based approximate of the impedance matrix is employed as a preconditioner in the iterative method to provide an efficient and accurate solution of integral equations for solving electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems of large finite periodic antenna arrays in grounded layered media. The DFT-based preconditioner is shown to effectively improve the convergence of the iterative solutions. The complexity of the preconditioner implementation is O(KlogK) in computational cost and O(K) in memory requirement for problem size of O(K).
The effect of orbit drift on the calibration of the 3.7 µm channel of the AVHRR onboard NOAA-14 and its impact on night-time sea surface temperature retrievals

The orbit drift of National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 towards the terminator has caused the deterioration of the radiometric calibration of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 3.7 µm channel at night. This deterioration is a result of solar contamination of the radiometric calibration system when the sun strikes the instrument from the spacecraft horizon. The long-term trend and seasonal variation of the contamination are analysed in this study based on trending data from 1995 to 2000. The calibration bias is evaluated and its effect on the sea surface temperature retrievals is quantified. The solar contamination in late 2000 affected as much as 25% of an orbit of data, compared to an average of 7% in 1995. The NOAA/NESDIS operational calibration algorithm partially corrects for the bias but residual effects can still contribute bias on the order of 0.5 K in scene brightness temperature.
Use of Marek's disease vaccines: could they be driving the virus to increasing virulence?

Marek’s disease (MD) is an economically important neoplastic disease of poultry. MD almost devastated the poultry industry in the 1960s but the disease was brought under control after Marek’s disease herpesvirus (MDV) was identified and vaccines were developed. This is the first effective use of an antiviral vaccination to prevent a naturally occurring cancer in any species. MDV infection has many effects. Initially causing a cytolytic infection in B-lymphocytes, MDV infects activated T-lymphocytes where it becomes latent. In susceptible chicken genotypes MDV transforms CD4+ lymphocytes, causing visceral lymphomas and/or neural lesions and paralysis. Fully productive infection and shedding of infectious virus only occurs in the feather-follicle epithelium. Vaccination of newly-hatched chicks with live vaccines has been widely used to successfully control MD since the early 1970s. However, vaccinated chickens still become infected and shed MDV. Vaccine breaks have occurred with regularity and there is evid...
Evolutionary nature of virtual experience

Despite increasing dominance of virtual experience in our everyday life, there have been relatively few discussions on human responses to virtual experience. In the current paper, we define what virtual experience is based on, the types of objects being experienced, and the ways of experiencing. Then, we review three lines of research traditions examining the evolutionary nature of human responses to virtual experience - a) studies on Media Equation (ME) which investigate human responses to physical and/or social features of virtual objects; b) studies on Doubly Disembodied Language (DDL) which examine human responses to synthesized speech; and c)studies on human preferences for specific content types in media. Based on the general review of the three research traditions, we propose that people's natural and social responses to virtual objects and contents come from the cognitive hijacking of the general thinking mechanism by specialized mind modules.
Error log analysis: statistical modeling and heuristic trend analysis

Most error-log analysis studies perform a statistical fit to the data assuming a single underlying error process. The authors present the results of an analysis that demonstrates that the log is composed of at least two error processes: transient and intermittent. The mixing of data from multiple processes requires many more events to verify a hypotheses using traditional statistical analysis. Based on the shape of the interarrival time function of the intermittent errors observed from actual error logs, a failure-prediction heuristic, the dispersion frame technique (DFT), is developed. The DFT was implemented in a distributed system for the campus-wide Andrew file system at Carnegie Mellon University. Data collected from 13 file servers over a 22-month period were analyzed using both the DFT and conventional statistical methods. It is shown that the DFT can extract intermittent errors from the error log and uses only one fifth of the error-log entry points required by statistical methods for failure prediction. The DFT achieved a 93.7% success rate in predicting failures in both electromechanical and electronic devices. >
Capillary Adhesion Between Elastically Hard Rough Surfaces

The adhesion versus vapor pressure (p/p s) trend between two elastically hard rough surfaces is modeled and compared with experimental results. The experimental samples were hydrophilic surface-micromachined cantilevers, in which the nanometer-scale surface roughness is on the order of the Kelvin radius. The experimental results indicated that adhesion increases exponentially from p/p s=0.3 to 0.95, with values from 1 mJ/m2 to 50 mJ/m2. Using the Kelvin equation to determine the force-displacement curves, the mechanics of a wetted rough interface are treated in two ways. First, the characteristics of a surface with rigid asperities of uniform height are derived. At low p/p s, menisci surrounding individual asperities do not interact. Beyond a transition value, [p/p s]tr, a given meniscus grows beyond the asperity it is associated with, and liquid fills the interface. Capillary adhesion in each realm is found according to the integrated work of adhesion. Second, a more general approach allowing an arbitrary height distribution of Hertzian asperities subject to capillary forces is justified and developed. To compare with experimental results, a Gaussian height distribution is first assumed but significantly underestimates the measured adhesion. This is because equilibrium is found far into the Gaussian tail, where asperities likely do not exist. It is shown that by bounding the tail to more likely limits, the measured adhesion trend is more closely followed but is still not satisfactorily matched by the model. The uniform summit height model fits the data very well with a single free parameter. These results can be rationalized if the upper and lower surfaces are geometrically correlated.
A comparison of consultative model and direct-indirect intervention with preschoolers.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a consultative model of intervention with that of direct-indirect intervention for meeting goals of preschool students with mild motor delays. Method Two occupational therapists provided consultation to teams working with 11 children 1 day a week for all 40 weeks of the school year. A different occupational therapist provided direct-indirect treatment to another 9 children for a full week every 3 weeks for the 40 weeks of the school year. Data for both groups used in this study were kept for the last 4 months at the end of the school year or as the children appeared to be nearing completion of their goals of the study. All therapists met with their teams twice a month to plan and review progress. All parents carried out activities with their children at home. Goal Attainment Scaling was used to examine progress. Results No statistically significant differences were found between the two types of intervention (t = .359; df = 18; p = .724). Conclusion The study suggests that a consultative model and a direct-indirect model are equally effective in meeting objectives for preschoolers with relatively mild motor impairments.
Abundance of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Flowers on Major Vegetable Crops of South Florida

The flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), has only recently been recognized as a pest of vegetable crops in south Florida. Little is known about its abundance and impact on vegetable crops in this region. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted comparing F. schultzei abundance in blooms of the 5 key fruiting vegetable crops grown in south Florida, i.e., cucumber, pepper, snap bean, squash and tomato. Mean number of F schultzei larvae was highest in cucumber flowers (78.1 larvae/5 flowers) and lowest in bean flowers (5.1 larvae/5 flowers). However, adults of F schultzei were most numerous in tomato flowers (27.5 adults/5 flowers) and least numerous in snap bean flowers (3.5 adults/ 5 flowers). Neither larvae nor adults of F. schultzei were found in pepper flowers in the present study. The flower samples collected from 5 vegetable crops were also found to be infested with 3 other thrips species. Amongst these, Thrips palmi Karny was the second most abundant thrips species. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was found in low numbers on all crops except pepper, and Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) was found only on tomato. The above information should be useful in the development of monitoring programs, design of pest management strategies and in the timely application of preventive or suppressive measures in south Florida.
Infant outcome following labor induction

A matched control study was undertaken in which 156 children were examined between ages 23 and 62 months after births associated with spontaneous labor, oxytocin-induced labor, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)--induced labor. Physical development was not adversely affected by labor induction based on height and weight percentiles. The frequency of neurologic or developmental abnormalities not attributable to postdelivery events was the same overall in induced and spontaneous labors (19.2 per 1,000), but those abnormalities occurring after labor induction all followed use of oxytocin. None followed PGE2 despite case-selection criteria which specifically chose PGE2 cases from among those with documented adverse drug-related reactions.
Rat trehalase: cDNA cloning and mRNA expression in adult rat tissues and during intestinal ontogeny

A partial rat trehalase cDNA has been cloned and used to examine trehalase mRNA expression. Northern blotting with total RNA from 11 adult rat tissues showed a trehalase transcript only in small intestine, where it was abundant in proximal regions but declined steeply toward the ileum. During development, trehalase mRNA was not detectable in jejunum until postnatal day 19 and then increased markedly through day 25 . Modest levels of trehalase mRNA were induced precociously by administration of dexamethasone, with increasing responsiveness evident between the first and second postnatal weeks. In contrast, analysis of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA on the same blots showed maximal induction at both ages. In adrenalectomized animals, the ontogenic increase of trehalase mRNA began as usual but proceeded more slowly than in control animals. Overall, trehalase mRNA expression in the rat displayed both similarities and differences compared with rabbit. Moreover, the differences revealed in glucocorticoid responsiveness of trehalase mRNA and sucrase-isomaltase mRNA suggest that the actions of these hormones on the developing intestine may be more complex than previously recognized.
Hypothalamic Control of Prolactin Synthesis and Secretion

The synthesis and release of prolactin (PRL) by the lactotrophs is subjected to multiple regulators. These can be classified into four broad categories: endocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine and autocrine. Endocrine agents originate from the hypothalamus, gonads and the neural lobe of the pituitary and reach the lactotrophs via a humoral route. Paracrine factors are produced by cells of the intermediate and anterior lobes and reach their target cells by diffusion. Juxtacrine interactions emanate from extracellular matrix of cells adjacent to the lactotrophs. Autocrine agents are synthesized by the lactotrophs themselves. Consequently, the overall secretory activity of the lactotrophs reflects a balance between local and distant releasing and inhibiting factors Figure 1-1.
Brief paper: Game theory applied to dynamic duopoly problems with production constraints

In this paper an application of differential game theory in the area of microeconomics is presented. The problem considered is that of a dynamic duopoly where two firms each limited by a maximum capacity of production, share the same market, and try simultaneously but independently to maximize their profits over a certain planning horizon. While the static duopoly theory does not address itself to the question of the process by which changes in the price are brought about, but only compares the prices before and after the change takes place, the dynamic market theory, considered in this paper, allows for an analysis of how the price changes with time and what trajectory it follows. Necessary conditions for the existence of a Nash equilibrium solution in the general case are discussed and more specific results for the special case of linear demand and quadratic cost functions are developed.
Mass signature of supernova muon-neutrino and tau-neutrino neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande

The ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ neutrinos (and their antiparticles) from a Galactic core-collapse supernova can be observed in a water-\ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov detector by the neutral-current excitation of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}.$ The number of events expected is several times greater than from neutral-current scattering on electrons. The observation of this signal would be a strong test that these neutrinos are produced in core-collapse supernovae, and with the right characteristics. In this paper, this signal is used as the basis for a technique of neutrino mass determination from a future Galactic supernova. The masses of the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ neutrinos can either be measured or limited by their delay relative to the ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ neutrinos. By comparing to the high-statistics ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ data instead of the theoretical expectation, much of the model dependence is canceled. Numerical results are presented for a future supernova at 10 kpc as seen in the SuperKamiokande detector. Under reasonable assumptions, and in the presence of the expected counting statistics, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ masses down to about 50 eV can be simply and robustly determined. The signal used here is more sensitive to small neutrino masses than the signal based on neutrino-electron scattering.
Reductive silylation of the uranyl ion with Ph3SiOTf.

The reaction of 2 equiv of Ph3SiOTf with UO2(dbm)2(THF) (dbm = OC(Ph)CHC(Ph)O) and UO2(Aracnac)2 (Aracnac = ArNC(Ph)CHC(Ph)O; Ar = 3,5-tBu2C6H3) results in the formation of U(OSiPh3)2(dbm)2(OTf) (1) and [U(OSiPh3)2(Aracnac)2][OTf] (2), respectively, in good yield.
High spin states in Eu 141

The odd-proton $^{141}\mathrm{Eu}$ nucleus is studied with the $^{110}\mathrm{Cd}$${(}^{35}$Cl,2p2n\ensuremath{\gamma}) reaction populating states in seven distinct bands. For the yrast band, high spin states are followed up to ${\mathit{I}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$=43/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and a band crossing, due to the alignment of the second and third ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ protons, is observed at a rotational frequency \ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{c}}$=0.37 MeV. For the positive-parity bands, only the three-quasiparticle configuration, namely, \ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{g}}_{7/2}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}[\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$${]}^{2}$, is observed up to high spins. In addition, two \ensuremath{\Delta}I=1 bands with no E2 crossovers are found in this nucleus. The cause of the relatively strong M1 transition bands can be explained by a drastic shape change due to the alignment of an ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ neutron pair. A systematic comparison amongst the N=78 isotones, $^{137}\mathrm{Pr}$, $^{139}\mathrm{Pm}$, and $^{141}\mathrm{Eu}$, is made.
Investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Health Effects in Newly Decorated Residences

Objective To investigate indoor air quality in the residences which underwent interior decoration,and to explore its dynamic change trend and impact on health.Methods Decorated houses from 2 months to 24 months were recruited with the method of cluster random sampling.The following indicators were examined:formaldehyde,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC),and CO2.Households were interviewed with a survey questionnaire.Results Formaldehyde was over National standard seriously in the decorated dwellings during 2 months and 6 months,and it showed significant difference(P0.01)among different groups.The over-standard rate for formaldehyde was decreased gradually with lived time extending.However,the concentration level of HCHO was still high.The over-standard rate for total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)was dropped gradually with lived time extending and it showed statistically significance(P0.01).Formaldehyde exposure was related with the central nervous system reactions,the irritation symptoms of eyes,noses and throat and the skin allergic reactions in newly decorated houses.The risks of inhabitants was diminished with a longer time of decoration,and it had statistically significance(P0.01).Conclusion The main indoor air pollution caused by newly decoration in residence is very serious,and have a serious impact on people' health.
Enhanced link availability for free space optical time-frequency transfer using adaptive optic terminals

Optical time and frequency transfer offers extremely high precision wireless synchronization across multiple platforms for untethered distributed systems. While large apertures provide antenna gain for wireless systems which leads to robust link budgets and operation over increased distance, turbulence disrupts the beam and limits the full realization of the antenna gain. Adaptive optics can correct for phase distortions due to turbulence which potentially increases the total gain of the aperture to that for diffraction-limited operation. Here, we explore the use of adaptive optics terminals for free-space time and frequency transfer. We find that the requirement of reciprocity in a two-way time and frequency transfer link is maintained during the phase compensation of adaptive optics, and that the enhanced link budget due to aperture gain allows for potential system operation over ranges of at least tens of kilometers.
[Analysis on heavy metal pollution in major seafoods from Zhoushan Fishery, China]

Objective Through reviewing data on surveys,tested materials especially on lead in Zhoushan fisheries,with ground lead,cadmium and methyl-mercury were analyzed and evaluated.Methods According to the distribution of Zhoushan fisheries,we randomly selected a certain number of Zhoushan seafood as research objects from four counties or districts.Different kinds of seafood would include sea fish,seawater crustaceans,seawater soft-bodied animals and sea algae.The inedible parts of all the seafood were removed,and then the samples of the edible parts were grinded into homogenate.We measured the contents of lead and cadmium,using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method.The content of methylmercury was measured,using the gas chromatography (acid extraction method of mercaptoacetic cotton).Data from 2007 to 2009 was analyzed under SPSS software.Results (1)The average standardized rates were:lead as 3.90％ (11/282),cadmium as 11.35％ (32/282) and methylmercury as 2.84％ (8/282).(2) Results from the comprehensive evaluation on the contents of metals showed the following rankings:seaweed (0.4513 mg/kg),marine molluscs (0.1155 mg/kg),marine crustaceans (0.0486 mg/kg),sea-fish (0.0419 mg/kg).(3) Results from the single-factor variance analysis showed that the accumulation of lead,cadmium and methylmercury in different types of seafood were:lead F=35.683 (P＜0.001) ;cadmium F=25.301 (P＜0.001) ; methylmercury F=25.990 (P＜0.001).(4) Data on the safety analysis related to the different types of seafood on lead,cadmium,methylmercury food,the Chisquare tests showed as:lead x2=10.167,P＜0.05 ; cadmium x2=62.940,P＜0.001 ; methylmercury x2=20.960,P＜0.001.(5) Seafood in different years on lead,cadmium,methylmercury accumulation comparison,the Spearman correlation test results showed:lead P=0.000,cadmium P=0.974,methylmercury P=0.024.(6) The contents of seafood lead,cadmium and methylmercury in different years that with statistically significant differences were as follows:lead x2=6.440,P＜0.05; cadmium x2=34.455,P＜0.001 ;methylmercury x2=5.226,P＞0.05.Conclusion The situation of heavy metal pollution in different kinds of Zhoushan fisheries was different.Algae appeared the worst while sea fish,sea water crustaceans pollution were light,with lead and methylmercury mainly influencing sea algae and cadmium mainly in the sea algae,followed by seawater software class.The rates over standards of different kinds of seafood were different from each other,while the rates over standards of lead,cadmium and methylmercury in sea algae were the highest.Evaluated by pollution index,lead,methylmercury pollution was still low,but cadmium in the sea with mild pollution in algae seafood.In the recent three years,heavy metal lead pollution in seafood were worsened,while the cadmium,methylmercury pollution levels remained basically stable. Key words: Food safety; Lead; Cadmium; Methylmercury ; Seafood
Inactivation of the CRL4-CDT2-SET8/p21 ubiquitylation and degradation axis underlies the therapeutic efficacy of pevonedistat in melanoma

The cullin-based CRL4-CDT2 ubiquitin ligase is emerging as a master regulator of cell proliferation. CRL4-CDT2 prevents re-initiation of DNA replication during the same cell cycle “rereplication” through targeted degradation of CDT1, SET8 and p21 during S-phase of the cell cycle. We show that CDT2 is overexpressed in cutaneous melanoma and predicts poor overall and disease-free survival. CDT2 ablation inhibited a panel of melanoma cell lines through the induction of SET8- and p21-dependent DNA rereplication and senescence. Pevonedistat (MLN4924), a specific inhibitor of the NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE), inhibits the activity of cullin E3 ligases, thereby stabilizing a vast number of cullin substrates and resulting in cancer cell inhibition in vitro and tumor suppression in nude mice. We demonstrate that pevonedistat is effective at inhibiting the proliferation of melanoma cell lines in vitro through the induction of rereplication-dependent permanent growth arrest as well as through a transient, non-rereplication-dependent mechanism. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated heterozygous deletion of CDKN1A (encoding p21) or SET8 in melanoma cells demonstrated that the rereplication-mediated cytotoxicity of pevonedistat is mediated through preventing the degradation of p21 and SET8 and is essential for melanoma suppression in nude mice. By contrast, pevonedistat-induced transient growth suppression was independent of p21 or SET8, and insufficient to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Pevonedistat additionally synergized with the BRAF kinase inhibitor PLX4720 to inhibit BRAF melanoma, and suppressed PLX4720-resistant melanoma cells. These findings demonstrate that the CRL4-CDT2-SET8/p21 degradation axis is the primary target of inhibition by pevonedistat in melanoma and suggest that a broad patient population may benefit from pevonedistat therapy.
Development Tool for Rapid Evaluation of Eyes-free In-vehicle Gesture Controls

In-vehicle controls, such as navigation systems, radio dials, and climate controls, can be visually demanding and can increase crash risk. We are attempting to use commercially available gesture detection equipment to develop an eyes-free system that can provide access to the same controls without increasing crash risk. We envision a system that can be controlled by intuitive in-air gestures. Information about system status and gesture detection can be provided through an auditory menu display, rather than the visual modality as in touchscreen controls. Here, we describe our motivation to develop the system and describe a tool we have developed to help researchers, even those without programming experience, to configure multiple system designs for rapid usability evaluation and iteration practices.
Recent developments in wireless recording from the nervous system with ultrasonic neural dust (Conference Presentation)

The emerging field of bioelectronic medicine seeks methods for deciphering and modulating electrophysiological activity in the body to attain therapeutic effects at target organs. Current approaches to interfacing with peripheral nerves and muscles rely heavily on wires, creating problems for chronic use, while emerging wireless approaches lack the size scalability necessary to interrogate small-diameter nerves. Furthermore, conventional electrode-based technologies lack the capability to record from nerves with high spatial resolution or to record independently from many discrete sites within a nerve bundle. We recently demonstrated (Seo et al., arXiV, 2013; Seo et al., Neuron, 2016) "neural dust," a wireless and scalable ultrasonic backscatter system for powering and communicating with implanted bioelectronics. There, we showed that ultrasound is effective at delivering power to mm-scale devices in tissue; likewise, passive, battery-less communication using backscatter enabled high-fidelity transmission of electromyogram (EMG) and electroneurogram (ENG) signals from anesthetized rats. In this talk, I will review recent developments from my group and collaborators in this area.
An EEG Study of Children With and Without ADHD Symptoms: Between-Group Differences and Associations With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms.

Objective: We examined differences between those with and without ADHD symptoms on resting state electroencephalography (EEG) indices and unique relations with sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) sympto...
A multitree approach for global solution of ACOPF problems using piecewise outer approximations

Abstract Electricity markets rely on the rapid solution of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem to determine generator power levels and set nodal prices. Traditionally, the OPF problem has been formulated using linearized, approximate models, ignoring nonlinear alternating current (AC) physics. These approaches do not guarantee global optimality or even feasibility in the real ACOPF problem. We introduce an outer-approximation approach to solve the ACOPF problem to global optimality based on alternating solution of upper- and lower-bounding problems. The lower-bounding problem is a piecewise relaxation based on strong second-order cone relaxations of the ACOPF, and these piecewise relaxations are selectively refined at each major iteration through increased variable domain partitioning. Our approach is able to efficiently solve all but one of the test cases considered to an optimality gap below 0.1%. Furthermore, this approach opens the door for global solution of MINLP problems with AC power flow equations.
Vitamin E: Metabolism and Requirements

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant, is required but amounts in excess of requirements have not been demonstrated to decrease chronic disease risk. The definition of requirement may, however, be dependent upon the individual’s level of oxidative stress. Vitamin E is a chain-breaking, peroxyl radical scavenger halting lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plants synthesize eight vitamin E forms, but only one, α -tocopherol, meets human requirements. Two functions maintain preferred α -tocopherol concentrations in the human body. These are (1) the preferential secretion of α -tocopherol into the plasma, facilitated by the hepatic α -tocopherol transfer protein and (2) vitamin E metabolism, which promotes non- α -tocopherol excretion from the body.
What's the FOX Got to Do with the KITten? Regulating the Lineage-Specific Transcriptional Landscape in GIST.

Transcriptional regulation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, a master regulator in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and their precursors, the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), is part of a positive feedback loop involving the transcription factor ETV1. A new study now shows that the forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factor FOXF1 not only is an upstream regulator of ETV1 and hence ICC/GIST lineage-specific gene transcription, but also functions as lineage-specific pioneer factor with an active role in chromatin rearrangement to facilitate ETV1 binding and transcriptional activity. Cancer Discov; 8(2); 146-9. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Ran et al., p. 234.
The impact of research presented at annual gastrointestinal cancers symposium.

757Background: The Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers Symposium provides a multidisciplinary forum to both present research and gain expertise in the management of GI cancers. We conducted a study to un...
Introduction to a special supplement: delivering integrated community case management to treat childhood illness at scale in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND Caesarean delivery (C/D) can be done in the first or second stage of labor. One fourth of the primary C/D are reported to be performed in the second stage of the labor but are more complicated compared to the ones performed in the first stage. OBJECTIVE To compare maternal and perinatal outcomes of caesarean delivery (C/D) performed in the second stage of labor compared with the first stage in the Ethiopian setting. METHODS An institution based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A sample size calculation for double proportion was used, and, for every second stage C/D, the next three consecutive first stage C/D cases were taken as controls till the desired sample size was achieved. mean and standard deviation for continuous and proportion for categorical variables were used for descriptive statistics. T-test for difference in independent mean and chi square test to compare proportions was utilized. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association of selected variables. RESULT A total of 3238 deliveries were attended in the three teaching hospitals during the study period making the (C/D rate of 30.1%. Three hundred eighty-eight emergency caesarean delivery cases were enrolled using the aforementioned technique with the proportion of 97 (10.9%) second stage and 291 (89.1%) first stage C/D. The most common indications in the first stage were non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern (NRFHRP) accounting for 110 (37.8%) followed by arrest or protraction disorder of 68 (23.4%), whereas the commonest indication for the second stage C/D was cephalopelvic disproportion 46 (48.5%). Significant difference observed in the mean blood loss between the second stage and first stage C/D, 552 ml vs. 410 ml, (OR 30.13, 95% CI 16.25-55.85). Similarly, the women in the second stage C/D had longer mean hospital stay and mean longer operation time than first stage C/D, 5.34 vs. 6.96 days, (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05-2.85), and 31.12 min vs. 37.5, (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.33-4.07), respectively. Five caesarean hysterectomies were done for postpartum haemorrhage and four cases of extension of incision site were encountered following second stage C/D compared to none in the first stage C/D. CONCLUSION Though no maternal death or significant perinatal complications were encountered, women with second stage C/D had significant maternal morbidities than first stage cesarean delivery. Therefore, utmost effort should be made to avoid the procrastination of the decision for C/D to the second stage, but if such compelling situations are encountered, precautions, like involvement of the most senior person and vigilance to minimize the expected complications is warranted.