cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poor correlation of high-grade cervical dysplasia with referral cytology: clinical implications.

Abstract Objective: We questioned the diagnostic utility of cervical cytology by studying whether women with colposcopically guided biopsy proven high-grade cervical dysplasia or cancer had referral cytology results that correlated highly with their disease. Methods: All women with any cytologic abnormality or visible lower tract lesion(s) are referred for colposcopic examination. Ten thousand visits to our colposcopy clinic were prospectively collected, tracked, and reviewed, which revealed 566 cases of high-grade dysplasia and 8 cancers on biopsy. The proportion of high grade disease that was discovered by high grade cytology was measured. Results: The diagnosis of high grade cervical disease was not preceded by high-grade cytology (HGSIL) or “rule out cancer” cytology result (n = 95, 16.8%) in the majority of cases (P Conclusion: High-grade cervical neoplasia was more likely to be discovered following colposcopic triage of “minor” Papanicolaou smear abnormalities (ASCUS or LGSIL). The false negative rate of a single Papanicolaou smear to detect dysplasia may be as high as 65% (with specificity at the 90% range) (Fahey MT, Irwig L, Macaskill P. Meta analysis of Pap test accuracy. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:7:680–9), making cytology an inaccurate diagnostic replacement for colposcopy. We should rethink the significance of minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smears when designing triage protocols that delay or eliminate colposcopy based on the Bethesda Grading System alone.
The Search for the Néo-Grec in Second Empire Paris

Entering the architectural dialogue in 1830, the term neo-grec came to characterize the stylistic movement represented by Henri Labrouste's Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, but the meaning of the term was always elusive. Josephine Grieder analyzes the confusing record of remarks by architects and the subsequent commentary by scholars and historians, noting the difficulty of aligning the terminology with visible architectural phenomena. The Search for the Neo-Grec in Second Empire Paris turns to contemporary books and journals for testimony about the visual characteristics of the style and traces the subtle shift in its meaning as neo-grec be-came inextricably linked with the urban transformation effected by Napoleon III and Haussmann.
THE ADEQUACY OF BANK EQUITIES

Among the businesses which have shown greatly increased earning power during recent years is banking.1 It must be clear to everyone that this increased earning power has been the result of a rapid expansion in banking assets and not the result of a higher earning power on each dollar of bank assets. In fact, until recent months the earning power on each dollar of bank assets has steadily declined, beginning with the drastic decline in bank loans of the early 1930's. With almost no change in the total number of commercial banking units, the total assets of the commercial banks of the country have more than doubled since the low point of the depression of the early 1930's. The capital stock of commercial banks also has not changed perceptibly, although total capital accounts have increased some 20 per cent during the same period when bank assets were more than doubling.
Butterfat Production Per Day of Life as a Criterion of Selection in Dairy Cattle

Summary Butterfat production per, day of life was evaluated as a possible selection criterion for genetic improvement of dairy cattle. The data provided little evidence of heterogeneity of the correlations of production to 36 mo. of age (and 305-day first lactation production) with production to 48, 60, 72 and 84 mo. of age. The predictive values of 36-mo. production and 305-day first lactation production to production at these same ages did not differ significantly. Age at first calving had significantly less influence on total production to 84 mo. than on total production to 36 mo. of age. Age at first calving and first 305-day lactation production accounted for 89 percent of the variance in 36-mo. production and 41 percent of the variance in 84-mo. production. There was no evidence of heritability of production per day of life at any of the ages studied from 36 to 84 mo., nor was age at first calving indicated to be heritable. The estimate of heritability of first lactation butterfat production from these data was 0.30.
Suppression of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by articular cartilage, but not of hyaluronic acid synthesis by synovium, after exposure to radiation.

We recently found that injection of 2 mCi of yttrium 90 (90Y; approximately 23,000 rads) into normal canine knees stimulated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by femoral condylar cartilage. The present investigation was conducted to determine whether radiation affects cartilage metabolism directly. Rates of GAG synthesis and degradation in normal canine articular cartilage were studied following irradiation. Cultured synovium from the same knees was treated similarly, to determine the effects of irradiation on hyaluronic acid synthesis. Twenty-four hours after exposure to 1,000 rads, 10,000 rads, or 50,000 rads, 35S-GAG synthesis by the cartilage was 93%, 69%, and 37%, respectively, of that in control, nonirradiated cartilage. The effect was not rapidly reversible: 120 hours after exposure to 50,000 rads, GAG synthesis remained at only 28% of the control level. Autoradiography showed marked suppression of 35S uptake by chondrocytes after irradiation. Cartilage GAG degradation was also increased following irradiation: 4 hours and 8 hours after exposure to 50,000 rads, the cartilage GAG concentration was only 66% and 54%, respectively, of that at time 0, while corresponding values for control, nonirradiated cartilage were 90% and 87%. In contrast to its effects on cartilage GAG metabolism, radiation at these levels had no effect on synovial hyaluronicmore » acid synthesis.« less
Study of an eletrostatically actuated torsional micromirror with compliant planar springs

This paper presents modelling, fabrication and testing of a torsional micromirror suspended by two compliant ortho-planar springs attached at the sides. The proposed cantilevered serpentine spring is a single-chain frame, composed of nine beam segments to form a serpentine together with an initial segment and a final segment. Castigliano theory is used to formulate the spring constants under certain loads. Two equivalent spring constants for the micromirror are obtained according to structure analysis. The 2-DOF model for torsion and bending of the micromirror is presented. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the coupled domain of the structure is performed to verify the analytical results. Further validation of the prediction is carried out through static testing of a fabricated micromirror using a PSD (position sensing detector) sensor based experimental set-up. Due to relative compliancy of the dominant torsion mode, the fabricated micromirror is actuated to some angle at a lower voltage. The comparison between FEA and analytical results shows good agreement, demonstrating the accuracy prediction by the derived model. Small deviation from experiments is expected due to the nonlinear nature of electrostatic field.
Cities and Subcultures: Exploring Validity and Predicting Connections

Recently there has been renewed attention to the concept of culture in analyses of urban politics. That resurgence has taken a different path from the religion-, race-, and ethnicity-dominated appr...
Decolonial realism: Ethics, politics and dialectics in Fanon and Dussel

This article approaches contemporary European debates on the subject of realism through the lenses offered by two decolonial thinkers: Fanon and Dussel. Whereas both share with realism a fundamental emphasis on reality as the starting point for theory – an assumption shared by much decolonial thought – they nevertheless provide another layer of specificity in their consideration of the colonial condition, diagnosing a fundamental absence of reciprocity that dictates the course of decolonization as a transformation of reality. Reconsidering the debates on realism in light of these insights therefore provides a powerful basis for both formulating a specifically decolonial realism and for engaging in comparative political theorizing more generally.
Latency information theory: Novel lingerdynamics ectropies are revealed as time duals of thermodynamics entropies

Lingerdynamics is thermodynamics' time dual that inherently surfaced from latency information theory (LIT), which is itself a nascent universal guidance theory for efficient system designs. This paper reveals two novel lingerdynamics ectropies that are the time duals of two thermodynamics entropies, one of which is also novel. The classical thermodynamics source-entropy (TSE) of information-sources and the novel thermodynamics retainer-entropy (TRE) of information-retainers are thermodynamics', while the lingerdynamics processor-ectropy (LPE) of information-processors and the lingerdynamics mover-ectropy (LME) of information-movers are lingerdynamics'. An important finding of this paper is the discovery that the 2nd law of thermodynamics must be enhanced to state that the universe's two TSE and TRE entropies, not just the TSE, must continuously increase. Another finding is the 2nd law of lingerdynamics that states that the universe's two LPE and LME ectropies continuously increase. Guided by these results a new lifespan LIT duality theory for both living and non-living systems is revealed and the gravitational and electrical forces shown to be emergent TRE entropic forces. Finally LIT leads us to the theory that the universe's unexplained dark-energy and dark-matter can be explained as a motion-vacuum-energy/retention-black-hole-gravity LIT duality.
Culture Area and Time Depth: The Four Worlds of the Havasupai1

THE culture area concept has served anthropology long and well; today, where ethnographic material must initially be organized or where comparisons need to be made, it is an extremely useful tool. But the concept has been attacked by various authors as a static classification of cultural traits drawn from a number of time levels (Dixon 1928; Woods 1934; Wheat 1954). Recently, a new interest in the culture area has developed, and with it an attempt to add a dynamic dimension and utilize its potentialities more carefully. Bennett (1948), working with Andean materials, introduced the concept of areal co-tradition, a taxonomic tool for classifying one of the ways culture areas develop through time. Steward (1955:82), in a discussion of the origin and uses of the culture area concept, recognized three problems involved with the addition of historic depth. " .... first, the culture centers or climax points and the boundaries may shift from period to period; second, the nature of the culture may change so profoundly in successive periods that the culture in a given period may have greater resemblance to cultures in other areas than to its predecessors or successors in the same area; and third, portions or subdivisions of the area, although representing a basic tradition in terms of diffused culture elements, may have very unlike structural patterns." Ehrich (1956), modifying the traditional approach and setting up a typology of areas, applied it to the Near East. The theme of his discussion is summed up in the following quotation:'" .... the culture area concept is dynamic rather than static and ... it can add fresh insights to those offered by other ways of analyzing the factors which are responsible for cultural stability or which bring about culture change." The reader is directed to Ehrich's article for a general discussion of the culture area problem and a bibliography on the subject. In 1952, Marian Smith published a stimulating article which went in the opposite direction from Bennett to propose a series of culture area types as possible additions to and/or replacements of the earlier limited static culture area approach.2 Although there is significant overlapping between this article and that by Ehrich, published some four years later, there is no indication that Ehrich was aware of Smith's work. The dynamic culture-area types of Smith are based on the assumption that, through time, a region's or society's culture does not bear the same relationship or have the same intensity of relationship to the cultures surrounding it.
Three-dimensional structure of neurons from peripheral autonomic ganglia using confocal microscope images

An understanding of neuronal physiology at the single unit level requires knowledge of the functional properties of the neurons as well as a detailed description of its morphology. A full morphological description should include a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis. In this paper, we describe for the first time, 3-D morphology of individual neurons of the peripheral autonomic nervous system intact within whole-mount preparations. Neurons were filled with the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow and imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Three- dimensional reconstructions were obtained using volume rendering methods on a set of serial optical sections obtained for each neuron. The 3-D images of the neurons we studied showed a complexity of shape and detail that is not readily apparent from images viewed by traditional microscopy.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A shipboard cable-hauling system for large electrical cables

Abstract An air-powered hauling machine and reeling device for use at sea with large electrical cable systems such as hydrophone arrays is described. The system may be used to haul cables from 0·3 to 2·0 in. diameter. Hauling tensions up to 980 lbs and speeds up to 430 ft/min are provided. The principal advantage of the system is that it does not cause the cable to bend while under tension. Reeling is accompanied under only sufficient tension to cause the cable to conform to the reel.
Kinetic and fluorometric behavior of a phenol fermentation

The kinetic and fluorometric behavior ofPseudomonas putida (ATCC 17484) growing on phenol as the carbon limiting substrate was investigated. A model was developed to describe the behavior under dynamic conditions of flow or substrate concentration “shift-up”. Parameters contained in the model were estimated. It was observed that the model described the kinetic behavior reasonably well. Factors which affected the fluorescence output of the whole broth culture were also studied.
Color critical hypergraphs with many edges

We show that for all k ≥ 3, r > l ≥ 2 there exists constant c = c(k, r, l) such that for large enough n there exists a k-color-critical r-uniform hypergraph on less than n vertices, having more than cnl edges, and having no l-set of vertices occuring in more than one edge. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 53: 56–74, 2006
Temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, enhances anti-tumour effects of heat shock protein cancer vaccines

Temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, enhances anti-tumour effects of heat shock protein cancer vaccines
Career Development Consultation Skill Training by Counselors for Teacher Mentors

This article presents a career development consultation skill training program for enhancing the professional growth of beginning teachers by master teacher mentors trained by counselors and counselor educators.
Evolution of tumor chromosome abnormalities after therapy in a pediatric astrocytoma.

Abstract Chromosome studies originally performed on a patient with an untreated pontine astrocytoma showed a trisomy for 1q as the sole chromosome aberration. After the patient received radiation and chemotherapy, subsequent study indicated the presence of the original trisomy for 1q, as well as trisomy for chromosomes 2, 3q, and 17, in a tumor that now, histologically, is glioblastoma multiforme. In addition to the numerical aberrations, chromosome rearrangements were observed, involving translocation breakpoints that have been reported as "hot spots" associated with the clastogenetic effect of ionizing radiation.
The 1A1 π→π* state of formaldehyde

Abstract The 1 A 1 π→π * state of formaldehyde is predicted to be 11.2 eV above the ground state and not diffuse.
Computerized spirometry using a portable microcomputer.

The reliable conduct of pulmonary function studies, while in the field, is increasingly important as various standards mandate this activity. Versatile, portable and accurate equipment is required. A lightweight and computerized portable spirometer system is discussed, PSPIRO, which uses a standard volumetric spirometer and a briefcase-sized microcomputer. The system, compact enough to be easily moveable by one person, performs tests for FVC, FEV(l), FEV(3), the percentage of predicted pulmonary function for each, and the ratio of FEV(1)/FVC. Back extrapolation is used to establish the start of each forced expiratory maneuver, reproducibility checks are performed, and accuracy is within acceptable epidemiologic standards. A small, portable analog to digital interface (PLAD) was developed for performing A/D conversions through the RS-232C port of the portable microcomputer.
Characterization of alginate beads formed by a two fluid annular atomizer

A two fluid atomizer for the formation of small alginate beads has been described. It produces beads of narrow size distribution, with mean diameters in the range of 50–500 μm. The design of the nozzle allows for quick disassembly for easy cleaning and sterile operation. Empirical correlations for the mean size distributions are also provided.
Traffic Safety and the Driver

This book is concerned with fatalities, injuries, and property damage from traffic crashes--their origin and nature, and ways to prevent their occurrence and reduce their severity. This subject is covered in the following 15 chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Effects of Sex and Age; (3) An Overview of United States Traffic Fatalities; (4) Engineering, Roadway and Environmental Factors; (5) Driver Performance; (6) Driver Behavior; (7) Alcohol's Role in Traffic Crashes; (8) Drunk Driving Countermeasures; (9) Effectiveness of Occupant Protection Devices When They Are Used; (10) Restraint-Use Laws, Use Rates, and Field Effectiveness; (11) User Responses to Changes in Traffic Systems; (12) How You Can Reduce Your Risk; (13) An Attempt to Estimate the Relative Importance of Factors; (14) Traffic Safety in Broader Contexts; and (15) Conclusions. An Author Index and a Subject Index are provided.
Targeting of Outdoor Alcohol Advertising : A Study Across Ethnic and Income Groups

The marketing and advertising of alcoholic beverages is socially and ethically sensitive and subject to particular interest of regulators, public interest groups, and societal watchdogs because of its potential impact on vulnerable populations such as low-income consumers, certain ethnicities, adolescents, and alcoholics. While alcohol advertising is pervasive across a variety of media, outdoor advertising facilitates the targeting of specific neighborhoods that, in a sense, represent a captive audience of people who live and/or work in those neighborhoods. In a study of outdoor advertising in New York City across multiple ethnic and income neighborhoods, we examine the proportion of alcohol advertising found in each neighborhood and the variation of advertising appeals used. The results suggest that marketers of alcoholic beverages do not selectively target their products based on income, but evidence was found that targeting based upon ethnicity is occurring. Black and Hispanic neighborhoods receive a g...
Time of symptom response in Datura tatula L. to potato virus X as a function of virus concentration.

Abstract Serial dilutions of potato virus X in either clarified sap or in a highly purified suspension of the virus were mechanically inoculated to leaves of Datura tatula L. Test plants which were inoculated with high concentrations of the virus developed systemic symptoms within the expected minimum time limits. As the virus concentration was decreased, time required for symptom development increased correspondingly and incubation periods in some cases were as long as 22 days. Delayed symptoms were also obtained when very restricted leaf areas were inoculated. In this respect, the results were similar to those obtained at low virus concentrations. The influence of low virus concentration in increasing the incubation period was least pronounced at high temperatures and was greatest at low temperatures. At the lower virus concentrations, variation in incubation periods of individual plants was considerably greater than when virus inoculum was more concentrated. In two tests where known amounts of virus X were inoculated to leaves of D. tatula and to leaves of Gomphrena globosa L., the former test plant was approximately 100 times more sensitive than the latter.
BENIGN INTRATESTICULAR TUMOR

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in the young male population, with a solid intratesticular mass as the most common presentation. We report a rare case of benign solid intratesticular mass. CASE REPORT
Giant Pseudoaneurysm of the Common Carotid Artery Resulting in Stridor

A 39-year-old male underwent an attempted right internal jugular vein cannulation during which the right common carotid artery was punctured. Three months later, the patient presented with dysphagia and breathlessness. Carotid angiography failed to demonstrate the pseudoaneurysm because of intra-aneurysmal clots but it was partially delinated by a direct puncture arteriogram of the swelling. At surgery a pseudoaneurysm measuring 8 × 6 cm was excised and the carotid artery was repaired with a saphenous vein patch.
Improved Patient Outcomes through Collaborative Monitoring and Management of Subtle Behavioral and Physiological Health Changes

This paper describes a highly mobile collaborative patient-centric, self-monitoring, symptom recognition and self intervention system along with a complementary clinical nursing tool to aid in collaborative patient/clinician chronic cardiac disease management. Our system is composed of a mobile smart phone and wearable sensor suite linked through blue tooth and cell phone technology to a backend data repository, data mining, knowledge discovery, knowledge evolution and knowledge processing system, providing clinical data collection, procedural collection, intervention planning, medical situational assessment and health status feedback for collaborative users. The system uses a combination of physiologic and psychosocial instruments to gather patient specific information. The collaborative system aids patients in learning to recognize disease symptoms and understand the effect on their health of adherence to interventions. Secondly the system provides timely clinical data collection, assessment and interventions so clinicians can improve the overall health and lower the re-admission of their patients.
The Dynamics of Avalanching Bead Chains

Avalanching studies were performed on 2D beds of a unique granular material - uniform length, 2.06 mm diameter flexible metal bead chain. The dynamical behavior of the slowly rotating vertical chain beds was separately characterized using chain lengths of 1, 2, 5, 9 and 13 beads, respectively. Digital images were acquired at 30-second intervals and analyzed to provide comparisons of mean profiles, slope angle variations, avalanche mass distributions and surface step discontinuities. This study is designed to probe how elongation, flexing and rolling affect avalanching through interlocking and polymer-like behavior.
Integrating Supportive and Palliative Care in the Trajectory of Cancer: Establishing Goals and Models of Care

Tom, a 50-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic cancer, was referred by his phase I physician to our supportive care center for symptom management. He was initially diagnosed with pancreatic cancer involving the liver approximately 6 months before this visit. He developed progressive disease despite three lines of systemic therapy, including four cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin, three cycles of gemcitabine and vorinostat under phase I, and two cycles of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin 6. His clinical course was complicated by recurrent venous thromboembolic events. Tom arrived at the supportive care clinic in a wheelchair and accompanied by his wife. He complained of right upper quadrant pain, particularly with inspiration, despite taking morphine continuous release 30 mg twice a day. He had also experienced severe fatigue, weakness, constipation, decreased appetite, and weight loss of 25 kg during the previous 5 months. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 4. Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (0 no symptom, 10 worst possible) revealed pain 8, fatigue 4, nausea 0, depression 0, anxiety 0, drowsiness 0, appetite 10, well-being 5, dyspnea 5, and sleep 5. On examination, he looked thin, was tachycardic and tachypneic, and had significant tenderness over the right upper quadrant. He was also experiencing severe weakness and had to use both hands to lift his legs to move around in bed. He lived with his wife and one son at home, but he had difficulty coping with the worsening symptoms. We adjusted his pain medications and laxatives, gave him a dose of methylnaltrexone in the clinic, recommended a home-safety evaluation, and provided supportive/expressive counseling. He expressed the desire not to receive any more cancer treatments, and we discussed the transition to hospice care so he could get more support at home. At the end of the visit, Tom said, “Oh, I wish I had seen you sooner. Why wasn’t I referred here earlier?” Tom went home with hospice care and died 10 days later.
The Emergence, Variation, and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Public Sphere, 1980–2004: The Exposure of Firms to Public Debate

This study examined the emergence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a public issue over 25 years using a content analysis of two national news- papers and seven regional, geographically-dispersed newspapers in the U.S. The present study adopted a comprehensive definition encompassing all four CSR dimensions: economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic. This study examined newspaper editorials, letters to the editor, op-ed columns, news analyses, and guest columns for three aspects: media attention, media prominence, and media valence. Results showed an increase in the number of opinion pieces covering CSR issues over the 25-year period. The prominence of each of the four CSR dimensions varied over time. Each of the four CSR dimensions had its moment of media prominence when it was more important than the other dimensions. The most prevalent valence of the opinion pieces was negative; the volume of negative pieces increased over the 25 years, whereas the number of opinions with positive, neutral, and mixed tones showed little change over time. The study concludes by tracing the implications of the role of the news media for business ethics research.
Emotionally Intelligent Mentoring: Reconceptualizing Effective Mentoring Relationships

Separate examinations of emotional intelligence (EI) and mentoring reveal their career-enhancing potential, yet little research exists connecting the two. Emotionally intelligent people have an inc...
Temporal Interaction Contracts for Components in a Distributed System

Software realization of distributed computing systems is typically achieved through the component-based software development approach. Thus, software executing on such distributed systems consists of many autonomous components which interact with each other to coordinate their activities. The need for such coordination along with requirements such as heterogeneity, scalability, security, and availability, considerably increases the complexity of code in distributed systems. Simplifying distributed component-based software development requires abstractions at various levels that enable separate design and specification of component interactions and the components themselves. This paper depicts a method to specify component interactions involving temporal invocation constraints. Based on the knowledge of component interactions, two types of replaceability criteria are defined and empirically evaluated.
Fas-FasL Interactions Modulate Host Defense against Systemic Candida albicans Infection

Fas-FasL costimulation modulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and MRL/lpr mice, which lack a functional Fas molecule, produce more proinflammatory cytokines. This study found that Fas-FasL interactions are involved in host defense against lethal infection with Candida albicans. Macrophages of MRL/lpr mice produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 after stimulation with C. albicans than did control MRL+/+ macrophages. Mortality of Fas-deficient mice with disseminated candidiasis was significantly lower than control animals' because of decreased fungal load and inhibition of the formation of invasive hyphae in their organs. Increased recruitment of neutrophils at the infection site appeared to be responsible for these effects. In contrast, phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans by neutrophils of MRL/lpr and MRL+/+ mice was similar. Absence of Fas-FasL interactions leads to increased cytokine production after C. albicans stimulation, protecting mice against disseminated candidiasis.
D3 dopamine receptor activates phospholipase D through a pertussis toxin-insensitive pathway.

Abstract Within the dopamine receptor family, the D 3 dopamine receptor's function remains inadequately described. The D 3 receptor has been shown to couple to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, stimulation of mitogenesis, and regulation of K + and Ca 2+ currents, all in a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive manner. Here we report D 3 receptor activation of the phospholipase D (PLD) enzyme in HEK 293 cells heterologously expressing the human D 3 receptor. Activation by agonist is dose dependent and displays the pharmacology expected of the D 3 receptor. The D 3 receptor specific antagonists AJ-76 and U99194A ablated the increase in activity by the preferring D 3 agonist (+) 7-OH DPAT. In addition, the D 3 receptor-mediated activation of PLD is not mediated by G-proteins of the G i /G o family, as pretreatment with PTX had no effect. PLD activation is a novel finding for the D 3 receptor, and is the first example of an effector system where D 3 signals without G i /G o protein intermediates.
Factors influencing the response rate in social question and answering behavior

With the increasing growth and popularity of social networking sites, social question and answering has become a venue for individuals to seek and share information. This study evaluates eleven extrinsic factors that may influence the response rate in social question and answering. These factors include the number of followers, the frequency of posting, the number of at-mentioned recipients, whether or not a question contains an at-mentioned verified account, unverified account, hashtag, emoticon, expression of gratitude, repeated punctuation or interjections, as well as the topic and the posting time of a question. We collected and analyzed over 10,000 questions from Sina Weibo. Eight out of all eleven features were found to significantly predict the number of responses received. We believe that our study is of significant value in providing insights for the design and development of future social question and answering tools, as well as enhancing the collaboration among social network users in supporting social information seeking activities.
Secondary endpoints cannot be validly analyzed if the primary endpoint does not demonstrate clear statistical significance

There is lack of consensus surrounding the interpretation of observed treatment effects for secondary clinical endpoints when the primary endpoint for which the clinical trial was initially designed does not meet the objective of a demonstrated effect. We provide some arguments to support caution in making inferences for secondary endpoints in this situation. We examine the definitions of primary and secondary endpoints within the context of a hypothesis-testing framework for multiple endpoints, and we address the relationship of the correlation structure of these endpoints and the statistical adjustments needed to preserve experiment-wise type I error for a valid inference. We also address the hypothesis-testing framework and the estimation framework for valid inference, focusing on the interpretation of p-values associated with differentially powered hypothesis tests for each endpoint to detect an important clinical effect. We point out the limitations on the strength of evidence (and quantification of uncertainty) for a secondary endpoint effect that can be derived from only one study and introduce the likelihood of replication of the finding in another study of identical size and design as a useful concept to guide this interpretation.
Phenomenological understanding of Sn migration in ceramic-chip capacitors

Electrochemical migration (ECM) is a well documented phenomenon in literature involving the transport of metal ions under the influence of voltage and in the presence of an electrolyte. This paper describes the classic Sn migration phenomenon that occurs with SAC305 solder used to attach capacitors on Intel's microelectronic packages, under accelerated humidity voltage tests. Additional lab-scale surface insulation resistance (SIR) tests, which replicated the accelerated test failures, were performed to understand the impact of moisture level, the critical voltage required and effect of ionic environment on the Sn migration phenomenon. As capacitor sizes continue to get smaller, leading to a greater risk of solder metal migration with electrode lines getting closer to each other, results from this study can be expected to improve the design of packages in future technologies.
The crisis of professional knowledge and the pursuit of an epistemology of practice

This paper was first delivered at the Harvard Business School 75th Anniversary Colloquium on Teaching by the Case Method. It analyses the contemporary loss of confidence in professional knowledge. ...
Active control of an aeroelastic structure

Linear and nonlinear aeroelastic response is modeled with a unique experiment that allows for prescribed plunge and pitch motion of a wing. The addition of a control surface, combined with a personalcomputer based active control system, extends the stable flight region. Aerodynamics are modeled with an approximation to Theodorsen's classical unsteady theory. Incorporated with a full-state feedback control law, an optimal observer is developed to stabilize the system above the open loop flutter velocity. Coulomb damping and pitch hardening are included to examine nonlinear control behavior. The nonlinear model is tested using the control laws developed from linear theory. Each theoretical model is simulated using Matlab® and the experimental model of the active control system. An excellent correlation between theory and experiment is achieved for the models. Using an optimal observer and full-state feedback, the linear and nonlinear systems are stabilized at velocities which are over twice the open loop flutter velocity. A limited amount of control is achieved when the system is undergoing limit cycle oscillations.
Reply by Author to U. H. Kurzweg

HE author wishes to thank Prof. Kurzweg for pointing out the work which he has done concerning the stability of inviscid heterogeneous swirling flows subjected to disturbances of arbitrary asymmetry.1 His work was unknown to the author at the time of publication of Ref. 2 and his contribution to the literature should be acknowledged. However, a number of points should be discussed regarding the choice between a viscous and nonviscous model. It is clear from observation of the rapid dissipation of the velocity profile given in Fig. 3 of Ref. 2 for the stable flow that viscous effects indeed play a major role in the transient flow structure, with a considerable amount of momentum exchange occurring during the first second after the flow has been established. This occurs in such a fashion as to reduce d/dr(r2) which is stabilizing. Under these circumstances one must conclude that viscous dissipation is an important factor in the characterization of the instability phenomenon. This motivated the use of Yih's criterion. However, the author did not claim that the dissipative effect of thermal diffusivity was a factor in the onset of the instability. Kurzweg establishes his sufficiency condition for stability in Eq. (1) of Ref. 1. In using this sufficiency condition to interpret the instability, he assumes that the disturbance in the axial direction is single mode (k = 0). Otherwise the stabilizing contribution of (k/m)2d/dr[p(r2£l)2] is unknown. Gas injection in the experiment reported in Ref. 2 was accomplished through a single orifice having a ^-in.-diam. located at the midplane of a cylindrical vessel having a length and diameter equal to 6 in. As a result, it was not possible to ensure that the rotating flow was two-dimensional. Had the jet issued from a slit extending the length of the vessel, a very nearly two-dimensional flow would have resulted. Thus, there is no way of knowing whether the axial wave number, k, was equal to or greater than zero. It is not clear whether Kurzweg's sufficiency condition would be violated for cases other than the k = 0 case which he assumed. Although both linear models of Refs. 1 and 3 can give a clue to the instability, neither can correctly interpret the phenomenon
Learning, quality and prices

Abstract Product quality is often unknown to consumers. Purchasing decisions are based on individual expectations about product quality. Consumers, in general, acquire private information about product quality from observing the quality of purchased goods. This information is used to update prior expectations. This paper analyzes the effect of consumer learning on the optimal pricing strategy of a firm in a two period model.
Ret finger protein is a normal component of PML nuclear bodies and interacts directly with PML

The ret finger protein (rfp) is a member of the B-box zinc finger gene family many of which may function in growth regulation and in the appropriate context become oncogenic. Members of this family are nuclear proteins that possess a characteristic tripartite motif consisting of the RING and B-box zinc binding domains and a coiled-coil domain. The promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML), another B-box family member, produces a protein product that is detected within punctate nuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (NBs) or PML oncogenic domains (PODs). These NBs are complex structures that consist of a number of different proteins many of which have yet to be identified. In the disease acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) a fusion protein, PML-RARA, is produced through the t(15:17) translocation. In APL the morphology of the NBs is altered. We report that rfp co-localizes with PML in a subset of the PML NBs and that it interacts directly with PML. This interaction is mediated through the rfp B-box and the distal two coils. In contrast, homomultimerization of rfp preferentially involves the B-box and the proximal coil. The association of rfp with the PML NBs is altered by mutations that affect rfp/PML interaction and in NB4 cells that are derived from APL patients. When treated with retinoic acid, rfp reassociates with the NBs in a pattern similar to non APL cells. Additionally, we found that rfp colocalizes with PML-RARA protein produced in APL patients. These results suggest that rfp, along with the other known/unknown components of PML NBs, have an important role in regulating cellular growth and differentiation.
Multi-Scale Simulations of Interfacial Fracture of Nanoscale Thin-Film Structures: Effect of Length Scales and Residual Stresses

Plasticity is a significant contributor to the interfacial fracture resistance of multilayer thinfilm structures containing ductile layers. In this study we investigate the effect of a nanoscale elastic barrier layer separating the crack from a plastically deforming layer. The simulation procedure is multiscale in the sense that the simulation zone encompasses only a small region around the crack tip that includes the layers of interest and the bulk of the sample is modeled as applied boundary conditions on that region. The salient parameters governing the plasticity contribution to interfacial fracture energy, GC, including the barrier layer thickness and elastic properties, intrinsic fracture energy G0, and the maximum cohesive stress governing interface separation are reported. In addition, we explore the effect of residual stresses on debonding with particular attention to the the stress state in the ductile layer. It is shown that residual thin-film stresses can alter plasticity in the ductile layer and significantly influence the macroscopic fracture energy.
Bacterial adaptation and performance of household biosand water filters in differing temperatures

The household biosand filter (BSF) is a highly utilized point-of-use water treatment tool. The effect of ambient temperature on the ability of the BSF to remove microbes from water is unclear. Model filters were distributed among different temperature-controlled laboratories and dosed daily with surface water amended with sewage. Comparison of the total coliform and Escherichia coli counts in the influent versus effluent revealed an immediate drop in the removal efficiencies of filters held in colder rooms. This performance difference, however, became less pronounced over the course of the experiment until no significant performance difference was detected between filters regardless of their ambient temperature, perhaps due to microbial adaptation within the BSFs. Subsequently, two-thirds of the filters were exposed to freezing temperatures, thawed, and re-tested for microbial removal. All filters exposed to freezing temperatures showed significant drops in microbial removal compared to control filters. Filters exposed to the most extreme temperatures showed the greatest drop in performance.
Androgenic Activity of C21 Steroids.

SummaryΔ16-Dehydroprogesterone exhibited androgenic activity by direct application to the chick's comb. This steroid has approximately 6% of the activity of androsterone. Δ4-Pregnenetriol-17(α),20(β), 21-one-3-diacetate-20,21, and Δ4-Pregenenediol-17 (α), 21-dione-3,20-acetate-21 (compound “S” acetate, Resichstein) inhibited the growth of the combprobably by direct antagonism of endogenous androgens. 17(α)-Hydroxyprogesterone produced no consistent effect. By direct comb application 80 and 640 μg levels were without effect while the 320 μg dose produced a 29% comb ration increment which was statistically significant. When this steroid was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 100 μg a significant comb inhibition was observed.
Conductivity, spectroscopic, and computational investigation of H3O+ solvation in ionic liquid BMIBF4.

The hydrogen ion is one of the most important species in aqueous solutions, as well as in protic ionic liquids (PILs). PILs are important potential alternatives to H2O for swelling the proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and improving the high-temperature performance of fuel cells. The hydrogen ion (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) solvation mechanism is not only a fundamental principle of acid/base chemistry in ionic liquids but also key to understanding the charge- and proton-transport properties of the PIL solutions. In this paper, a PIL system was prepared by mixing 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) IL with an aqueous solution of a strong acid, HBF4. Water can be partially evaporated from the solution under a vacuum at room temperature. Conductivity and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman) measurements were used in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterize the molecular-level solvation of H+ and H2O in the IL solution. When water is present at high mola...
Analysis on the Characteristics of Food Poisoning in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City from 1998 to 2004

Objective To study the characteristics of food poisoning in Baiyun district, and to put forward a effective way to control food poisoning. Method Data of food poisoning from 1998-2004 in Baiyun district were collected and analyzed. Results 85 cases of food poisoning were reported in the last 7 years, with the number of 1414 victims, among which,23 were dead. The food poisoning mainly caused by eating plant and chemical compounds. Conclusion Enhancement of the control of food hygiene and health education are the key points in the prevention and control of food poisoning.
Distribution of ESBL,AmpC enzyme and MBLs enzyme in gram-negative bacillus

Objective:To analyze the common antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacillus(G-) in neonate and adult diarrhea patients,so as to provide the clinical reference for antibiotic treatment and hospital infection control.Methods:The specimens were collected from adult diarrhea patients( 18 years old) in the 521th Hospital of CNGC and neonatal diarrhea patients in Xi'an Children's Hospital to conduct the gram's stain and microscopic examination,then cultured in the selective medium SS and Mac Conkey(MAC) overnight,at last identified with VITEK 2 Compact 60 and antimicrobial susceptibility test(AST) by disc diffusion screening method,double-disc synergy method,K-B method.Results:Comparing the adult and neonatal diarrhea,the flora disequilibrium extents had no difference,but the proportion of three resistant enzymes [extended-spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs),AmpC enzyme,metalβ-lactamases(MBLs) ] in G-bacteria was different(P 0.001).Conclusion:Stool is the reservoir of resistant G-bacillus,and the G-bacteria resistance is also serious in the neonatal feces.Monitoring and control of drug resistance on severe cases should be strengthened to prevent hospital acquired infection.
Subcutaneous approach to forehead, brow, and modified temple incision.

A technique of subcutaneous brow elevation, forehead, and upper face rhytidectomy is described. Anterior hairline and post-trichial incisions for upper facial rhytidectomy, brow lift, and subcutaneous forehead rhytidectomy are discussed, including the advantages and disadvantages. These different incisions are used to preserve the desirable anatomy while correcting the pathologic condition related to aging. The currently used procedures enable the knowledgeable surgeon to correct various aging effects in difficult anatomic settings and achieve more predictable and more desirable results.
Community policing in the United States

Sixteen years after the establishment of the first paid police force in London, the first police force in the United States was organized in New York City in 1845. Since then, police forces flourished in American urban and rural areas alike. The roots of the relationship between police and community in the United States can be traced to the Bill of Rights, to the Peel policing model that emphasized moral and democratic principles and to the English police tradition with its emphasis on the importance of service (Das, 1986). Unlike England and Israel, and to some extent Canada, the American police is as diverse and multi-faceted as is the American governmental system.1 In addition to the federal police forces such as the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the office of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), the US Customs Inspection, the US Postal Inspection, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) inspection and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) inspection, there are independent state, county and city police forces, state patrol and sheriff departments. There is also a multitude of other specialized police forces such as university on-campus forces and a growing absolute and relative number of private security forces in hotels, shopping malls, city blocks and high security residential and business buildings.