cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources of variation in carnivore tooth-mark frequencies in a modern spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) den assemblage, Amboseli Park, Kenya

Distributions and frequencies of carnivore tooth-marks on large mammal long-bone fragments are commonly used to infer the timing of hominin and carnivore access to prey resources in archaeofaunal assemblages. The strength of these inferences, however, is limited by a broad and currently inexplicable range of tooth-mark frequencies across experimental and archaeological assemblages. Controlling for this variation first requires that the sources be identified. Several sources of variation are examined here in an analysis of tooth-marked bone recovered from a modern spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) den assemblage in Amboseli Park, Kenya. Results indicate that tooth-mark frequencies: (1) depend on fragment size, (2) vary across mammals of different size classes, (3) are highly variable across equivalent portions of different long-bone elements, and (4) on certain long-bone portions are correlated with bone density and can be depressed in archaeological assemblages subjected to density-mediated attrition. Stronger inferences based on tooth-mark frequencies will require that such variation be taken into consideration, and methods for doing so are suggested.
Protrusive Push versus Enveloping Embrace: Computational Model of Phagocytosis Predicts Key Regulatory Role of Cytoskeletal Membrane Anchors

Encounters between human neutrophils and zymosan elicit an initially protrusive cell response that is distinct from the thin lamella embracing antibody-coated targets. Recent experiments have led us to hypothesize that this behavior has its mechanistic roots in the modulation of interactions between membrane and cytoskeleton. To test and refine this hypothesis, we confront our experimental results with predictions of a computer model of leukocyte mechanical behavior, and establish the minimum set of mechanistic variations of this computational framework that reproduces the differences between zymosan and antibody phagocytosis. We confirm that the structural linkages between the cytoskeleton and the membrane patch adherent to a target form the “switchboard” that controls the target specificity of a neutrophil's mechanical response. These linkages are presumably actin-binding protein complexes associating with the cytoplasmic domains of cell-surface receptors that are engaged in adhesion to zymosan and Fc-domains.
Physicians and disaster preparedness

To the Editor. —I was delighted to see the focus on national planning for medical response to major disasters and emergencies. 1 However, in reading the article, I was disappointed to discover that Drs Pretto and Safar failed to recognize the important distinction between traditional, everyday emergency medical services (EMS) response and catastrophic mass casualty response. In fact, they completely ignored the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), its current operational plans and arrangements, and its rapidly increasing medical response capabilities. Although EMS deal with everyday emergencies, a disaster, by definition, is an occurrence that overwhelms available personnel and other resources. To assume that concentrations of personnel and technology will occur rapidly following an incident producing tens of thousands of seriously injured or ill victims is impractical and unrealistic and creates false expections. Given the vast geographic area of our nation, the multiple major metropolitan concentrations of our population, the wide
Implications of the NASW Standards for Social Service Manpower.

Abstract This paper presents the history and background that led up to the publication in 1973 of the document Standards for Social Service Manpower by the National Association of Social Workers. It provides an overview of the intent of the publication, which currently constitutes the universal standard or model for differential classification of social services manpower. It outlines the six-level classification plan and the objectives set forth, and then studies in detail the implications for social agencies, education, the public, and the profession.
Holographic interconnects: transverse Bragg waveguides.

We propose a new type of planar optical interconnect, the transverse Bragg waveguide. With this interconnect, We propose a new type light distribution is converted into a one-dimensional output light distribution by means one-dimensional input of holographic patterning along the direction of propagation.
Three-Dimensional Idealized Simulations of Barrier Jets along the Southeast Coast of Alaska

Abstract Three-dimensional idealized simulations using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) down to 6-km grid spacing were performed in order to understand how different ambient conditions (wind speed and direction, stability, and inland cold pool) and terrain characteristics impact barrier jets along the southeastern Alaskan coast. The broad inland terrain of western North America is important in Alaskan jet development, since it rotates the impinging flow cyclonically (more coast parallel) well upstream of the coast, thus favoring more low-level flow blocking while also adding momentum and width to the barrier jet. Near the steep coastal terrain, the largest wind speed enhancement factor (1.9–2.0) in the terrain-parallel direction relative to the ambient onshore-directed wind speed occurs at relatively low Froude numbers (Fr ∼ 0.3–0.4). These low Froude numbers are associated with (10–15 m s−1) ambient wind speeds and wind directions orientated 30°–45° from terra...
Treatment of second degree burns: Nitrofurazone, povidone-lodine, and silver sulfadiazine

Nitrofurazone (N), povidone-iodine (P), and silver sulfadiazine (S) were compared in the emergency department outpatient treatment of 84 patients suffering second degree burns over less than 15% (adults) or 5% (children) of their total body surface area. Indices of healing were percent of healing, degree of dryness, crust separation, eschar separation, tissue granulation, and wound pain. Statistical analysis indicates that healing in N-treated patients was superior to that in S-treated patients: tissue granulation began sooner, crusts separated more rapidly, wounds were dryer, and the amount of healing at two weeks was greater. Results in P-treated patients were equivalent to those in N-treated when cases with complications were excluded from analysis. Among patients with less serious burns, N-treated patients suffered less pain than S-treated, but there was no significant difference in pain between N and P or between P and S. In patients with more serious second-degree burns there was more pain with P than with N, but neither P nor N differed significantly from S in this regard.
Specular reflectance and surface roughness of silicon on sapphire

Abstract As part of an evaluation of the quality of silicon on sapphire (SOS) wafers, we have measured the specular reflectance over the wavelength region from 400 to 260 nm. The spectral data allow the separation of the effects on the reflectance produced either by the surface roughness or by any departure of the wafer surface from perfect crystallinity. A recently established optical evaluation technique employing reflectance at only two discrete ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths is unable to make this distinction. However, our results for virgin SOS wafers show that the observed deviations of the UV reflectance relative to that of well polished single crystal silicon can be entirely accounted for by the surface roughness. The relationships between UV reflectance and microtwin density observed for SOS films are not yet explained but are found to be specific to the process by which the SOS film was grown and to vary over much wider ranges than has been previously reported.
Trapping of Rhizophora mangle Propagules by Coexisting Early Successional Species

Distributions of mangroves in coastal wetlands are influenced by abiotic conditions and the net effect of biotic interactions, including competition, facilitation, and consumer pressure. In coastal wetlands, early successional shrubs, herbs, and grasses may facilitate recruitment of mangroves through multiple mechanisms, including amelioration of environmental conditions, propagule trapping, and structural support. In Mosquito Lagoon, FL, we observed an aggregated distribution of Rhizophora mangle propagules along vegetated shorelines with Batis maritima and Sarcocornia perennis and hypothesized that this distribution was a result of propagule trapping by the vegetation. We designed a field experiment to evaluate retention of R. mangle propagules on vegetated and unvegetated shorelines in Mosquito Lagoon. Significant differences were found in the retention time of mangrove propagules at each shoreline type, with vegetated shorelines retaining propagules significantly longer than unvegetated shorelines. Results from this study help to define facilitative mechanisms which may be important in successional processes of coastal wetlands and have direct restoration applications. Successful recovery of mangroves at restoration sites may be facilitated by establishment of B. maritima and S. perennis, when natural propagule sources are available, or through planting mangrove seedlings into existing stands of these halophytes when restoration areas are propagule-limited.
Modeling the Repertoire of True Tumor-Specific MHC I Epitopes in a Human Tumor

DNA replication has a finite measurable error rate, net of repair, in all cells. Clonal proliferation of cancer cells leads therefore to accumulation of random mutations. A proportion of these mutational events can create new immunogenic epitopes that, if processed and presented by an MHC allele, may be recognized by the adaptive immune system. Here, we use probability theory to analyze the mutational and epitope composition of a tumor mass in successive division cycles and create a double Polya model for calculating the number of truly tumor-specific MHC I epitopes in a human tumor. We deduce that depending upon tumor size, the degree of genomic instability and the degree of death within a tumor, human tumors have several tens to low hundreds of new, truly tumor-specific epitopes. Parenthetically, cancer stem cells, due to the asymmetry in their proliferative properties, shall harbor significantly fewer mutations, and therefore significantly fewer immunogenic epitopes. As the overwhelming majority of the mutations in cancer cells are unrelated to malignancy, the mutation-generated epitopes shall be specific for each individual tumor, and constitute the antigenic fingerprint of each tumor. These calculations highlight the benefits for personalization of immunotherapy of human cancer, and in view of the substantial pre-existing antigenic repertoire of tumors, emphasize the enormous potential of therapies that modulate the anti-cancer immune response by liberating it from inhibitory influences.
Biological effects and receptor binding affinities of new pseudononapeptide bombesin/GRP receptor antagonists with N-terminal d-Trp or d-Tpi

In an attempt to produce more powerful (effective) bombesin/GRP receptor antagonists, the D forms of Trp or Trp analog (Tpi) were introduced at position 6 in two pseudononapeptides, Leu13 psi (CH2NH)Leu14-bombesin(6-14) and Leu13 psi(CH2NH)Phe14-bombesin (6-14). These antagonists were tested for their ability to inhibit basal and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) (14-27)-induced amylase release from rat pancreatic acini in a superfusion assay. They were also assessed for the inhibition of 125I-Tyr4-bombesin binding to Swiss 3T3 and small cell lung carcinoma cell line H-345 and the mitogenic response of Swiss 3T3 cells induced by GRP(14-27). The peptides, when given alone, did not stimulate amylase secretion, but were able to inhibit gastrin releasing peptide (14-27)-induced amylase release. All of the antagonists showed strong binding affinities for Swiss 3T3 and H-345 cells and suppressed the GRP(14-27)-induced increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of Swiss 3T3 cells at nanomolar concentrations. Antagonist D-Tpi6,Leu13 psi (CH2NH)Leu14-bombesin (6-14)(RC-3095) was slightly more potent in these assays than D-Trp6,Leu13 psi (CH2NH)Leu14-bombesin (6-14)(RC-3125). Nevertheless, D-Trp6,Leu13 psi (CH2NH)Phe14-bombesin (6-14) showed the highest binding affinity for Swiss 3T3 and H345 cells and it was the most potent inhibitor of GRP(14-27)-induced amylase secretion. This antagonist RC-3420 was particularly effective in inhibiting the growth of Swiss 3T3 cells, exhibiting an IC50 value less than 1 nM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elevated Extracellular Calcium Can Prevent Apoptosis via the Calcium-Sensing Receptor

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a membrane-bound, G-protein-coupled receptor present on parathyroid cells which monitors the level of extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) and transduces signals involved in serum calcium regulation. Expression of CaR protein in tissues with functions unrelated to systemic calcium homeostasis, including the brain, suggests that extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) may act as a first messenger to regulate diverse cellular functions. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of increasing Ca2+o on apoptosis induced by Sindbis Virus in AT-3 prostate carcinoma cells. We found a steep increase in cell survival with between 5 and 7 mM added Ca2+o (EC50 = 6.1 mM). Magnesium, a less potent agonist of the calcium sensing receptor, was also protective (EC50 = 23.4 mM). Northern and immunocytochemical analyses confirmed the presence of the CaR message and protein in AT-3 prostate carcinoma cells. Enforced expression of CaR protein by stable transfection in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, which normally don't express the receptor, resulted in resistance to SV-induced apoptosis in the presence of elevated Ca2+o. In addition to preventing SV-induced death, elevated Ca2+o also abrogated apoptosis induced by c-Myc overexpression/serum deprivation in rat 1A fibroblasts, and these fibroblasts were shown to express CaR message and protein. Altogether, these observations suggest that Ca2+o can act with the CaR to prevent apoptosis and define a novel mechanism by which calcium ions can regulate cell survival.
The spirituality@work protocol

Purpose – The paper aims to provide a practical, easily understandable protocol toward implementing spirituality in the workplace for business and non‐profit executives and the workforce.Design/methodology/approach – Using the initial letters of the words “Spirituality at Work”, the paper outlines the main characteristics of the phenomenon that can bring individual and organizational benefits.Findings – The paper describes, with organizational examples, how the protocol can promote elevated human satisfaction, increased return on investment and enhanced quality and quantity of output.Practical implications – The paper advances the view that the protocol can be used for every work environment and at every level.Originality/value – The paper argues, quoting Mahatma Gandhi, that people who live by the principles of spirituality at work can “be the change they want to see in the world”.
Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: Emerging strategies against a formidable foe

Recent clinical trials have shown therapeutic vaccines to be promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Unlike preventive vaccines that teach the immune system to fight off specific microorganisms, therapeutic vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack certain cancer-associated proteins. Additional strategies are being investigated that combine vaccines and standard therapeutics, including radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and hormonal therapy, to optimize the vaccines’ effects. Recent vaccine late-phase clinical trials have reported evidence of clinical benefit while maintaining excellent quality of life. One such vaccine, sipuleucel-T, was recently FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Another vaccine, PSA-TRICOM, is also showing promise in completed and ongoing randomized multicenter clinical trials in both early and late stage prostate cancer. Clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies could play a significant role in the treatment of prostate and other malignancies.
Evolution of Eureka Flat: A dust-producing engine of the Palouse loess, USA

Sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and pedologic evidence demonstrates that Eureka Flat (EF), a narrow, 80-km-long deflation plain in south-central Washington, USA, is the source for the thick and widespread loess of the Palouse region. Located in the southern Columbia Plateau, EF has been a depocenter for abundant clay-to-sand-sized sediment derived from repeated glacial outburst floods that swept through the area during the Pleistocene. Prevailing SW winds that were funneled across EF remobilized flood sediment into sand dunes, sand sheets, and loess. An eolian sand sheet buried beneath 1.8 m of loess at the downwind end of EF attests to bioclimatically driven changes in the style of eolian deposition. The depositional transition from sand sheet to loess is characterized by a change from wind-rippled strata to structureless, bimodal sand and silt with insect burrows and rhizoliths, to unimodal sandy loess. Soil moisture and density of dust-trapping vegetation control where sand dunes and loess accumulate. Up to 4.5 m of post-LGM loess mantles the landscape adjacent to and downwind from EF. Some of the thickest loess deposits owe their origins to the sequestering of eolian sand particles by topographic traps such as the Touchet River and its tributary valleys. The removal of saltating sand from the eolian system promotes thick accumulation of loess downwind of topographic traps. Patterns of loess accumulation across the Columbia Plateau are identified on isopach maps of major pre- and post-LGM loess units and show that EF has been the major engine for the production of atmospheric dust and loess during both times.
Depression and Risk for Onset of Type II Diabetes: A prospective population-based study

OBJECTIVE To determine whether depression is associated with an increased risk for onset of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1981, a total of 3,481 household-residing adults participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Program survey at the East Baltimore site. A follow-up of that cohort after 13 years completed 1,897 interviews, amounting to >72% of survivors. In 1981, depression was assessed with the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule and diabetes, by self-report. This prospective analysis focused on subjects at risk for onset of diabetes by removing from the analysis individuals with diabetes in 1981. RESULTS There were 89 new cases of diabetes among 1,715 individuals at risk, yielding a 13-year cumulative incidence of diabetes of 5.2%. In logistic models, major depressive disorder, but not milder forms of depression or other forms of psychiatric disorder, predicted the onset of diabetes (estimated relative risk, 2.23; 95% CI 0.90–5.55). Controlling for age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, education, use of health services, other psychiatric disorders, and body weight did not weaken the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Major depressive disorder signals increased risk for onset of type II diabetes. Limitations of the findings arise from the difficulty in determining temporal order with two chronic conditions, even when the temporal order of measurement is clear. In addition, even though control variables were introduced for the use of health services, it is possible that the treatment for depression led to an earlier diagnosis of diabetes in this sample.
The sites of phosphorylation of rabbit brain phosphofructo-1-kinase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract The three isozymic subunits of phosphofructo-1-kinase present in rabbit brain and designated A, B and C were phosphorylated in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase with32P-labeled ATP. Limited digestion of the labeled enzymes with trypsin or with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase led to the solubilization of radiolabeled peptides derived from the three isozymic subunits. Limited digestion by V8 proteinase was accompanied by a slight reduction in the apparent sizes of the subunits, indicating that the phosphorylated sites are located near either the amino or car☐yl termini of the protein. V8 proteinase digestion led to no change in the maximal activity of the enzyme but did abolish sensitivity to ATP inhibition. The phosphopeptides of the tryptic and the V8 digests were purified by chromatography and their amino acid sequences were determined and compared to the previously established sequence from rabbit muscle isozyme A. PFK-A E H I S R K R S G E A T V PFK-B H V T R R S L S M A K G F PFK-C V S A S P R G S Y R K F L In each instance, the phosphorylated serine, underlined in the above sequences, was found to be one or two residues toward the C-terminus of one or more basic residues. No other similarities in structure were noted.
Short-term Clinical Outcomes Based on Risk Factors of Recurrence after Removing Common Bile Duct Stones with Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilatation

Background/aims Recurrence is an important late complication of endotherapy of bile duct stones. Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) can be used as an alternative method of removing difficult bile duct stones. The aim of this study was to evaluate short term clinical outcomes after removing common bile duct (CBD) stones using EPLBD. Methods A retrospective review was performed based on the medical records of 141 patients who received EPLBD, with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy, between September 2008 and February 2010. Of these, 50 patients, were enrolled in the study. Clinical and endoscopic parameters were analyzed to identify risk factors for CBD stones recurrence. Results Male:Female ratio was 22:28 (mean age, 67.4±14.4 years). Recurrence rate was 24.0% (12/50). Mean follow-up period was 10.8±4.5 months. Nineteen (38.0%) had a history of surgery and 20 (40.0%) were comorbid with periampullary diverticula. Mean diameters of the stones and CBD were 13.8±4.3 mm and 20.1±7.2 mm, respectively. In univariate analysis, large CBD stones (≥12 mm) and angulated CBD (angle ≤145°) were identified as the significant predictors of recurrence. In multivariate analysis, angulated CBD (angle ≤145°) was the significant independent risk factor for recurrence. Conclusions Close follow-up seems necessary in patients with angulated CBD (angle ≤145°).
Water-Heated Pool Boiling of Different Refrigerants on the Outside Surface of a Horizontal Smooth Tube

Pool boiling heat transfer has been extensively studied over decades, but the effect of boundary heating conditions on boiling received little attention. In this work, heat transfer coefficients during pool boiling of five different refrigerants (R123, R245fa, R236fa, R134a, and R22) on the outside surface of a smooth copper tube were measured at the saturation temperature of 6.7 C; water flows inside the tube and provides heat to the refrigerants to boil (thus, water-heated boiling). Measurements showed that the refrigerant of a higher vapor pressure has a higher heat transfer coefficient, with the exception that R22 performs nearly the same as R134a. A correlation previously developed for electrically-heated pool boiling on cylindrical tubes underpredicts by 30%–46% the heat transfer coefficients during water-heated boiling of the five refrigerants. Among the pool boiling correlations reviewed in this work, the Cooper correlation (for pool boiling on cylindrical tubes) predicts the boiling heat transfer coefficients of R22 and R245fa reasonably well (within 68.5%), but not as well those of the other three refrigerants (underpredicts by nearly 30% for R134a and R236fa and overpredicts by nearly 40% for R123). It is found that the predicted boiling heat transfer coefficients of the five refrigerants by the modified Gorenflo correlation (simply adding a constant multiplier of 1.47 to the Gorenflo correlation) are in excellent agreement with their respective measurements. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004902]
Imaging: Fine Arts

Imaging in the fine arts shares many problems and characteristics with imaging in other domains. But almost by definition the fine arts are especially concerned with the preservation and quality of images. In this article we focus on those issues that take on a particular character in the fine arts—issues that are likely to be less crucial in other domains, such as medicine or document scanning. We look at general image quality issues including image capture, resolution, and display, and then turn our attention to the uses of imaging technology for conservation and preservation purposes. Next, we examine the implications of the distribution of digital fine arts images outside their normal environment—libraries, museums, and educational institutions. Finally, we briefly summarize published resources for imaging in the fine arts. © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative Soft and Hard Tissue Responses to Titanium and Polymer Healing Abutments

Limited information exists regarding soft tissue and hard tissue responses to abutments with different material composition. The aim of this study is to evaluate soft and hard tissue responses to titanium and polymer healing abutments over a 3-month period. Sixteen patients were included in this prospective trial. Implants were provisionalized with either titanium or polymer healing abutments. Changes of marginal bone level and soft tissue dimensions were recorded at implant installation and at 3 months.
Energy transfer between an aerosol particle and gas at high temperature ratios in the Knudsen transition regime

Abstract Motivated by the Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) technique for in situ sizing of submicron aerosols, non-continuum heat transfer between an isolated, motionless, highly overheated spherical particle and its cooler surrounding gas is studied using the Direct Monte Carlo Simulation (DSMC) technique for the ‘calibration’ case of a monatomic, hard-sphere gas. We find that our numerical DSMC results are adequately described by a variable property extension of Fuchs’ two-layer theory, whereas other interpolation formulae fail in the Knudsen transition regime when the particle/gas temperature ratio is large. On this basis, tractable equations are provided which will permit accurate estimates of the transition regime heat transfer coefficient for a polyatomic ideal gas with arbitrary temperature-dependent heat capacity and Fourier conductivity.
[Ca2+]i Inhibition of K+ Channels in Canine Pulmonary Artery Novel Mechanism for Hypoxia-Induced Membrane Depolarization

Abstract Experiments were performed on smooth muscle cells isolated from canine pulmonary artery to identify the type of K+ channel modulated by hypoxia and examine the possible role of [Ca2+]i in hypoxic K+ channel inhibition. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments revealed that hypoxia (induced by the O2 scavenger, sodium dithionite) reduced macroscopic K+ currents, an effect that could be prevented by strong intracellular buffering of [Ca2+]i. The inhibitory effects of hypoxia were mimicked by acute exposure of cells to caffeine and could be prevented by caffeine pretreatment, suggesting an important obligatory role of [Ca2+]i in hypoxic inhibition of K+ currents. Exposure of cells to low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mmol/L) prevented hypoxic inhibition of macroscopic K+ currents, whereas low concentrations of tetraethylammonium were without effect, suggesting that the target K+ channel inhibited by hypoxia is a voltage-dependent delayed rectifier K+ channel, which is inhibited by [Ca2+]i. Hy...
A double filter paper technique for plating cultured plant cells

An inexpensive method for achieving quantitative clonal growth of single cells and small clumps of cells ofHaplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray on filter paper discs is described. Plating efficiencies of 55–80% are routinely obtained. This method depends upon the presence of a feeder layer of cells only in the initial phases of the plating, allows easy counting of colonies and permits rapid, convenient transfer of groups of colonies to other media without loss of individual colony identity or spatial distribution.
How a real time clinical data retrieval system might be applied to a tobacco cessation program.

We all live in a community or society, and in health care we work within a macro-organisation in that society, in this case the hospital. The microsystem is a unit that functions within the macro-organisation to affect patients on the individual and population level. Patients are at the centre of this society and function inside and outside of the health care microsystem in order to sustain themselves. The use of real time data collection and transfer in the microsystem of the clinical environment can be a very effective tool within the health care system. …
Assessment of Unconstrained Cerebrovascular Reactivity Marker for Large Age-Range fMRI Studies

Breath hold (BH), a commonly used task to measure cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in fMRI studies varies in outcome among individuals due to subject-physiology and/or BH-inspiration/expiration differences (i.e., performance). In prior age-related fMRI studies, smaller task-related BOLD response variability is observed among younger than older individuals. Also, a linear CVR versus task relationship exists in younger individuals which maybe useful to test the accuracy of CVR responses in older groups. Hence we hypothesized that subject-related physiological and/or BH differences, if present, may compromise CVR versus task linearity in older individuals. To test the hypothesis, empirical BH versus task relationships from motor and cognitive areas were obtained in younger (mean age = 26 years) and older (mean age = 58 years) human subjects. BH versus task linearity was observed only in the younger group, confirming our hypothesis. Further analysis indicated BH responses and its variability to be similar in both younger and older groups, suggesting that BH may not accurately represent CVR in a large age range. Using the resting state fluctuation of amplitude (RSFA) as an unconstrained alternative to BH, subject-wise correspondence between BH and RSFA was tested. Correlation between BH versus RSFA was significant within the motor but was not significant in the cognitive areas in the younger and was completely disrupted in both areas in the older subjects indicating that BH responses are constrained by subject-related physiology and/or performance-related differences. Contrasting BH to task, RSFA-task relationships were independent of age accompanied by age-related increases in CVR variability as measured by RSFA, not observed with BH. Together the results obtained indicate that RSFA accurately represents CVR in any age range avoiding multiple and yet unknown physiologic and task-related pitfalls of BH.
Paradoxical Elevation of Threshold to Angina Pectoris by Cold Pressor Test in Men with Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have angina pectoris at varying levels of myocardial oxygen demand. Fluctuations in coronary blood supply due to dynamic changes in coronary vasomotor tone are believed to be responsible for this variation in angina threshold. Cutaneous cold application produces an inappropriate increase in coronary vascular resistance in patients with CAD. To assess the effect of a coronary vasoconstrictor stimulus during exercise (when there are competitive stimuli for coronary dilatation), 16 men with documented CAD and angina underwent 2 exercise tolerance tests, 1 performed for control purposes and the other during cold application (hand and forearm immersed in ice). The cold pressor test elicited an increase in systolic blood pressure at rest (134 vs 159 mm Hg, p
Synthesis of tetrafluorobenzothiazoles and tetrafluoro-4H-1,3,4-benzothiadiazines

Abstract 2-Substituted, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzothiazoles (4) and 2-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-4H-1,3,4-benzothiadiazines (5) can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of N-pentafluorophenylthioamides (6) and pentafluorophenylthiohydrazides (14), respectively. The thioanilides (6) are prepared either by addition of nucleophiles to pentafluorophenylisothiocyanate or by thioacylation of pentafluoroaniline. The thiohydrazides, (14) are isolated from the reaction of their respective hydrazides with P 2 S 5 .
A drama of love and death: Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard and Regine Olsen revisited

(1990). A drama of love and death: Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard and Regine Olsen revisited. History of European Ideas: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 79-91.
Effects of thioredoxin reductase-1 deletion on embryogenesis and transcriptome

Abstract Thioredoxin reductases (Txnrd) maintain intracellular redox homeostasis in most organisms. Metazoan Txnrds also participate in signal transduction. Mouse embryos homozygous for a targeted null mutation of the txnrd1 gene, encoding the cytosolic thioredoxin reductase, were viable at embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) but not at E9.5. Histology revealed that txnrd1−/− cells were capable of proliferation and differentiation; however, mutant embryos were smaller than wild-type littermates and failed to gastrulate. In situ marker gene analyses indicated that primitive streak mesoderm did not form. Microarray analyses on E7.5 txnrd−/− and txnrd+/+ littermates showed similar mRNA levels for peroxiredoxins, glutathione reductases, mitochondrial Txnrd2, and most markers of cell proliferation. Conversely, mRNAs encoding sulfiredoxin, IGF-binding protein 1, carbonyl reductase 3, glutamate cysteine ligase, glutathione S-transferases, and metallothioneins were more abundant in mutants. Many gene expression responses mirrored those in thioredoxin reductase 1-null yeast; however, mice exhibited a novel response within the peroxiredoxin catalytic cycle. Thus, whereas yeast induce peroxiredoxin mRNAs in response to thioredoxin reductase disruption, mice induced sulfiredoxin mRNA. In summary, Txnrd1 was required for correct patterning of the early embryo and progression to later development. Conserved responses to Txnrd1 disruption likely allowed proliferation and limited differentiation of the mutant embryo cells.
Reinventing Africa in their own image: The ballets suedois’ “ballet negre,” La Création du monde

(1985). Reinventing Africa in their own image: The ballets suedois’ “ballet negre,” La Creation du monde. Dance Chronicle: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 119-147.
Management of persistent chylothorax

The aggressive management of persistent chylothorax is necessary for avoidance of significant morbidity and possible mortality. The failure of TPN and chest tubes to rapidly control a chylothorax should lead to consideration of thoracic duct ligation.
Multifunctional biomagnetic capsules for easy removal of phenol and bisphenol A

This paper reports fabrication, optimization and characterization of multifunctional biocapsules with immobilized enzyme using a layer-by-layer configuration and their application for removal of phenol and bisphenol A (BPA). The method is based on the combined use of enzymatic oxidation of the BPA and subsequent binding of the reaction product onto a chitosan core biopolymer. This platform has multiple functions including: (1) enzymatic degradation of BPA, (2) adsorption of the degraded compound within the core material, (3) colorimetric quantification and (4) magnetic capabilities. We examined various configurations of core/shell structures of alginate and chitosan and determined the stability and the optimum conditions in which these structures provide the most effective removal capacity. The amount of BPA that can be removed per capsule is 5.6 ppm while phenol can be removed up to 10 ppm per capsule within 15 h.
Calcium oxalate crystal morphology mutants from Medicago truncatula.

Plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate in a variety of shapes and sizes. The mechanism(s) through which a plant defines the morphology of its crystals remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating crystal shapes, we conducted a mutant screen to identify the genetic determinants. This is the first reported mutant screen dedicated to the identification of crystal morphology mutants. A single leaf was harvested from individual Medicago truncatula L. plants that had been chemically mutagenized. Each leaf was visually inspected, using crossed-polarized light microscopy, for alterations in crystal shape and size. Seven different crystal morphology defective (cmd) mutants were identified. Six cmd mutants were recessive and one dominant. Genetic analysis of the six recessive mutants suggested that each mutant was affected at a different locus. Each cmd mutant represents a new locus different than any previously identified. The plant phenotype of the cmd mutants appeared similar to that of the wild type in overall growth and development. This observation, coupled with the finding that several of the mutants had drastically altered the amount of calcium they partition into the oxalate crystal, questions current hypotheses regarding crystal function. Comparisons between the mutant crystals and those present in other legumes indicated the likelihood that simple point mutations contributed to the evolution of the variations in prismatic crystal shapes commonly observed in these plants today. The availability of cmd mutants provides the opportunity to investigate aspects of crystal shape and size that have been recalcitrant to previous approaches.
Safety of mifepristone abortions in clinical use.

Abstract Objectives Extensive data from clinical trials document mifepristone's safety and efficacy for induced abortion, but less information is available about its safety in routine clinical use. Methods Data on mifepristone abortion use from the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the largest provider of mifepristone abortion in the United States, from 2001 through the first quarter of 2004 were collected using a centralized reporting system. Over the study period, 95,163 mifepristone abortions were provided. Reportable events are complications requiring inpatient or outpatient hospital treatment. Results Overall, 2.2 per 1000 women (95% CI 1.9–2.5) experienced a complication, most commonly, heavy bleeding. Mifepristone abortion mortality is estimated to be 1.1 per 100,000 based on one death (95% CI 0.3–5.9). Conclusions The safety of mifepristone is high; few serious medical complications occur in routine clinical use.
Alkylaluminum–Lewis base complexes as initiators of vinyl polymerization

Complexes of aluminum alkyls with Lewis bases catalyze the polymerization of vinyl chloride. Triethylaluminum is most effective, but other compounds of type R3Al, R2AlCl, R2AlH, and LiAIR4 are operable. Dialkylmagnesiums are active, but Grignard reagents, as well as a number of other metal alkyls are inactive. Among Lewis bases, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and tetrahydropyran give the best yields of poly(vinyl chloride). Oxygen bases, such as ethers and esters, are more effective than nitrogen bases, e.g., tertiary amines. Cyclic compounds are better than acyclic ones. The polymerization occurs in a variety of hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, or ether solvents, but especially well in CCl4. Radical polymerization is probably initiated through the reaction R3Al:Base + CCl4 R2AlCl: Base + R + Cl3C., to form trichloromethyl radical.
The SVX3D integrated circuit for dead-timeless silicon strip readout

Abstract The revision D of the SVX3 readout IC has been fabricated in the Honeywell radiation-hard 0.8 μm bulk CMOS process, for instrumenting 712,704 silicon strips in the upgrade to the Collider Detector at Fermilab. This final revision incorporates new features and changes to the original architecture that were added to meet the goal of dead-timeless operation. This paper describes the features central to dead-timeless operation, and presents test data for un-irradiated and irradiated SVX3D chips.
Conductive Thin Films on Functionalized Polyethylene Particles

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) is covalently grafted to the surface of polyethylene (PE) particles in an effort to promote the growth of conductive thin films deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Growth of the grafting process is monitored with infrared spectroscopy and titration. LbL films are then deposited using dilute aqueous mixtures containing carbon black stabilized with PEI or poly(acrylic acid). Deposition of carbon black-filled bilayers on PEI-grafted PE shows uniform surface coverage and strong bonding after just two bilayers, while neat PE shows patchy film growth and poor adhesion, requiring eight bilayers to achieve full surface coverage. Acid-oxidized PE shows intermediate behavior with regard to deposition but shows weak bonding like neat PE. LbL films are characterized using electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which show linear growth for PEI-grafted particles and nonlinear growth for neat and acid-oxidized particles. Following carbon black deposition, the ...
Alterations in vesicle transport and cell polarity in rat hepatocytes subjected to mechanical or chemical cholestasis

Abstract Background & Aims: The molecular mechanisms that contribute to the cholestatic condition in hepatocytes are poorly defined. It has been postulated that a disruption of normal vesicle-based protein trafficking may lead to alterations in hepatocyte polarity. Methods: To determine if vesicle motility is reduced by cholestasis, hepatocytes cultured from livers of bile duct ligation (BDL)– or ethinyl estradiol (EE)–injected rats, were viewed and recorded by high-resolution video microscopy. Cholestatic hepatocytes were analyzed by phalloidin staining and electron microscopy. Functional analysis was done by the sodium fluorescein sequestration assay. Results: In cholestatic hepatocytes, there was a significant decrease in the number of motile cytoplasmic vesicles observed compared with control cells. Further examination of cells from BDL- or EE-treated livers revealed the presence of numerous large intracellular lumina. More than 24% of cells in BDL-treated livers and 19% of cells in EE-treated livers displayed these structures, compared with 1.1% found in control hepatocytes. Phalloidin staining of hepatocytes showed a prominent sheath of actin surrounding the lumina, reminiscent of those seen about bile canaliculi. Electron microscopy revealed that these structures were lined by actin-filled microvilli. Further, these pseudocanaliculi perform many of the functions exhibited by bona fide canaliculi, such as sequestering sodium fluorescein. Conclusions: Both mechanically and chemically induced cholestasis have substantial effects on vesicle-based transport, leading to marked disruption of hepatocellular polarity. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2001;121:1176-1184
Water impacts of the American clean energy and security act of 2009 on Texas

Complex environmental systems are frequently broken into politically manageable pieces, and a policy focusing on a single environmental issue can undermine other policy priorities. It is a nontrivial concern that domestic and international legislation focused on reducing emissions of climate-related pollution have not adequately considered policy effects on related systems like water. The goal of this work is to assess the possible effects of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (ACES, passed by the House of Representatives in June) on water resources in Texas.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Improved flow cytometric method to enumerate residual cells: minimal linear detection limits for platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes.

Increasing demand for quality control of blood products requires more sensitive methods to enumerate residual cells. Presently, the reported threshold (in cells per microliter) is 400 for red blood cells, 30-500 for platelets, and 1 for leukocytes. To examine precision and linearity in enumerating residual platelets and red blood cells, EDTA-anticoagulated blood from healthy donors was serially diluted with serum, stained in TruCount tubes using a no-lyse/no-wash procedure and a monoclonal antibody cocktail against the CD42a (FL1) and glycophorin-A (FL2) epitopes, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Leukocyte counts were determined in separate tubes. Cell preparation and analysis were performed once for 20 blood samples each and 20 times using the same specimen. Acquisition from the same tube was performed separately for platelets (threshold on FL1) and red blood cells (threshold on FL2). Multiparameter analysis was used for data evaluation. Linear results were obtained for platelets per microliter between 3,410 and 5 and for red blood cells per microliter between 54,000 and 3. For the lower cell concentrations, the coefficient of variation was 16.7% for platelets and 10.9% for red blood cells. The presented method allows the distinction between physiologically intact and ghost red blood cells. The method represents a reliable, sensitive, and accurate approach to quantify platelets and red blood cells in diluted blood. It can be applied to enumerate residual cells in plasma products and meets the increasing demand for quality control in blood components.
Leadership style and regulatory mode: Value from fit?

Abstract In this article, we consider the relationship between regulatory orientation and transformational leadership. Specifically, we propose that the effectiveness of transformational leadership depends on followers’ regulatory mode—the manner in which they pursue goals. Based on regulatory fit theory ( Higgins, 2000 , Higgins, 2002 ), we hypothesize that transformational leadership will be more effective in increasing motivation and eliciting positive evaluations from people with more of a locomotion mode (those who focus on movement from one state to another) rather than people with more of an assessment mode (those who make comparisons and judgments before acting). We find support for these ideas using data collected from a survey of executives and two original experimental designs, one in which regulatory mode is measured as a chronic disposition and the other in which it is situationally induced.
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in land crabs

Abstract 1. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity has been found in hepatopancreas, gonads, epidermis and muscle of the crab Gecarcinus lateralis. Activity was assayed by measuring the in vitro conversion of [3H]-ecdysone to [3H]-20-hydroxyecdysone. Maximal activity is obtained at 30°C and pH 8.0 in sodium phosphate buffer. 2. Activity from hepatopancreas is localized in a fraction which sediments at 10,000 g, probably mitochondria. 3. NADPH stimulates activity and metyrapone or oxygen deprivation inhibits it, as has been observed for cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases. 4. Changes in ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity at different stages of the molt cycle are not directly correlated to changes in ecdysteroid levels in the hemolymph.
An evaluation of the recommendations of the TG-25 protocol for determination of depth dose curves for electron beams using ionization chambers.

AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 25 has recently outlined a protocol for the determination of relative dose curves for electron beams [Med. Phys. 18, 73–109 (1991)]. We have performed an evaluation of this protocol by comparing the central axis depth dose curves determined from measurements using two different ionization chambers and three different phantom materials. Measurements were made with a Farmer‐type PTW and Capintec ionization chamber in solid water, PMMA, and clear polystyrene phantoms irradiated by 6‐ and 15‐MeV electron beams. Central axis depth dose curves were generated from the measured depth‐ionization data using the new protocol. For both the chambers and energies investigated in this study, excellent agreement was observed among all the depth doses in water obtained from measurements in all of the three phantoms studied.
Management of vertical deviations secondary to other anatomical abnormalities.

To review the surgical management of five vertical strabismus syndromes secondary to anatomical abnormalities. These syndromes are: 1) craniosynostosis; 2) “heavy eye syndrome” of high myopia; 3) B...