cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating relative abundance of seagrass fishes : A quantitative comparison of three methods

Precise descriptions of ecological patterns are fundamental to generating hypotheses about both the patterns and the mechanisms generating them. Fishes in seagrass meadows are difficult to sample because dense vegetation and turbid water make it necessary to rely on traps, nets or enclosure devices. We compared the relative abundance of species and community structure in a North Carolina estuary caught by otter trawls, throw traps and minnow traps and determined how habitat structure affected estimates of abundance from the different sampling methods. We collected more fishes with otter trawls than with throw traps or minnow traps, and our estimates of species richness were highest with trawls. The rank order of pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, abundance and species richness were concordant among all three sampling methods, but varied for pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera. Our results suggest that minnow traps and throw traps were not affected by variability in seagrass biomass. Our results also indicate that selection of a particular sampling method may have important consequences for conclusions drawn from studies using different methodologies.
A distributed algorithm for computing a common fixed point of a family of strongly quasi-nonexpansive maps

This paper studies a distributed algorithm for finding a common fixed point of a family of m > 1 nonlinear maps M i : ℝn → ℝn assuming that each map is strongly quasi-nonexpansive, and that at least one such common fixed point exists. A common fixed point is simultaneously and recursively computed by m agents assuming that each agent i knows only M i , the current estimates of the fixed point generated by its neighbors, and nothing more. Neighbor relationships are described by a time-varying directed graph ℕ(t) whose vertices correspond to agents and whose arcs depict neighbor relationships. It is shown that for any sequence of repeatedly jointly strongly connected neighbor graphs ℕ(t), t ∈ {1, 2, …}, the algorithm causes all agents' estimates to converge to a common fixed point of M i , i ∈ {1, 2, …, m}.
The Organization and Administration of Physical Education

(1932). The Organization and Administration of Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 3-56.
Geographical Discourse and Alexander Von Humboldt

Drawing on Alexander vonHumboldt’s lesser-studied writings, this chapter shows the extent of his influence on Latin America’s writer-statesmen, namely D.F. Sarmiento, Estanislao Zeballos, and Euclides da Cunha. It traces aestheticized earth-writing back to Humboldt while reading his geographical discourse vis-a-vis environmentalism and imperialism, thereby complicating his relationship with Latin American modernity. Theorized with Vico’s notion of poetic logic, this chapter situates Humboldt’s attention to the literary within a centuries-long trend that begins with Strabo’s Geographica (c. 17–23 AD), arguably the earliest surviving example of a universal geography. Finally, it unpacks Humboldt’s thoughts on the asymmetrical and often tense relations between Spain and Portugal, which sets the stage for Chap. 4’s explication of colonial infighting between Argentina and Brazil.
EFFECTS OF AGING ON THE MECHANISMS OF ESTROGEN ACTION IN RAT UTERUS

The aging process is characterized by an altered ability to regulate various physiological functions (Shock, 1962; Roth, 1979; Masoro, 1981). Generally, such control is exerted by certain external factors such as nutrition, temperature, stress, and others, working through internal mechanisms involving hormones and neurotransmitters (Aldelman and Roth, 1982).
The social consequences of voice: An examination of voice type and gender on status and subsequent leader emergence

This paper explores the impact of two types of voice and gender on peer-rated social status and subsequent leader emergence. Across two studies—a three-wave field study and an experiment—we find th...
Comparative study of simple feature extraction for single-channel EEG based classification

In this paper, the single-channel EEG based classification systems using simple extracted features are investigated. Each classification system contains the following stages: data acquisition, signal decomposition, feature extraction, and classification. In addition to using the filter bank and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods for signal decomposition, a sparse discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) is proposed. The filter bank based classifiers provide the best classification accuracy while the EMD and DWPT classifiers offer acceptable classification accuracy. As a shortcoming, the EMD based classifiers demand the large computation load for feature extraction. However, the sparse DWPT based classifiers have less computation requirement. The usefulness and efficiency of the proposed simple features are validated.
Wild-Harvested Venison Yields and Sharing by Michigan Deer Hunters

ABSTRACTAn increased societal focus on wildlife as food and recent policy deliberations regarding legal markets for wild-harvested meat are encouraging wildlife managers and researchers to examine the amount, use, and distribution of meat yielded through recreational hunting. We used responses to questions on the Michigan Deer Harvest Study to estimate the maximum yield of edible venison and assess hunters’ sharing behaviors. We estimated 11,402–14,473 metric tons of edible venison were procured during the 2013 hunting season. Of hunters who harvested a deer, 85% shared their venison. Hunters who shared did so with an average of 5.6 people (SD = 4.5). Sharing occurred most frequently within tight social networks: members of hunters’ households (69%), relatives (52%), and friends, neighbors, or coworkers (50%). In the absence of legal markets, venison is distributed widely by hunters and greatly amplifies the number of people benefiting from hunting. Nonetheless, we also identified the potential breadth of...
Thermodynamic and first-principles biomolecular simulations applied to synthetic biology: promoter and aptamer designs

A major challenge in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology is the design of DNA elements, most often promoters, that achieve precisely targeted levels of expression of a given protein. The most widely applied strategy for addressing this challenge includes making libraries of thousands of mutants, then screening and selecting each mutant in the hopes of finding a favorable change to the DNA of interest which yields the desired expression level. Even with rational approaches to the design of these mutants, this process is slow and labor-intensive and requires improvements in high throughput screening methods to improve discovery rates. Biomolecular models (designed from a combination of first-principles thermodynamics and empirical data) and solution of these models through simulation, bypass these approaches, enabling nucleotide and amino acid level resolution by carrying out screening processes in silico or allowing for a more rational method of design. This review examines recent advances in biomolecular simulations and methods of subsequent data analysis in their role of designing functional DNA, RNA, and protein elements. We provide an orienting introduction to design choices in biomolecular simulations then discuss major recent developments in simulation technology with a more intensive focus on promoter and aptamer design. We then conclude with both a forward-looking prospectus on the field as well as pitfalls and areas for further study.
Trace Fossil Geometry

The ichnofossils Treptichnus and Multina provide clues about the development of behavior in burrowing metazoans. A particular behavior type may be condensed and superimposed on the original burrowing pattern of programmed behavior. For example, a fine scale sinusoidal pattern may be superimposed on a large scale sinusoidal pattern. Side to side small scale branching may be superimposed on side to side main burrow elongate loops. Both burrow types are convergent behaviors with the same function, namely, more thorough deposit feeding in deep water sediments and/or low organic content sediments where the animal is required to thoroughly sift the sediment and must avoid reprocessing sediment that has been already fed upon.
Chapter 9 – Categorization in Neuroscience: Brain Response to Objects and Events

Neuroscientific methods have become an increasingly important influence on the study of cognitive processing. In this chapter, we look at how the study of patient populations in addition to neuroimaging techniques have been used to address basic questions about category knowledge. How does the brain represent category knowledge? What information is acquired during category learning? Why do people parse action streams into discrete events? We examine how neuroscience has shaped the way we ask and answer questions about category learning and representation. There may not be agreement about the answers, but neuroscientific methods have helped to make investigating the questions more interesting.
Observation of the ϒ ′ ′ ′ at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

During an energy scan at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, with use of the Columbia University-Stony Brook NaI detector, an enhancement in $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})$ is observed at center-of-mass energy \ensuremath{\sim}10.55 GeV. The mass and leptonic width of this state (${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$) suggest that it is the $4^{3}S_{1}$ bound state of the $b$ quark and its antiquark. After applying to the data a cut in a (pseudo) thrust variable, the natural width is measured to be $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=12.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.0$ MeV, indicating that the ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ is above the threshold for $B\overline{B}$ production.
Tunable one-dimensional assembly of magnetic nanoparticles using oscillating magnetic fields at low frequencies for polymer nanocomposite fabrication

Abstract Tunable, one-dimensional (1D) nanofiller assembly using oscillating magnetic fields in the low frequency range (
Rightful Deprivations of Rights

It is widely accepted that rights – moral, and, typically, legal – may be overridden in particular circumstances by other rights or by especially strong considerations of non-rights-based goods. Susceptibility to override is not a necessary property of rights – there can be absolute rights. But overrideable rights are still rights. And because this is so, there is, it is said, a “moral residue” when rights are overridden, such that the person whose rights are overridden, even justifiably so, is still entitled to something, and the agent who justifiably restricts the rights of another may still have a duty of redress. But what does a moral residue amount to, what are the entitlements of the person whose rights have been rightfully infringed, and what are the duties of those who rightfully infringe the rights of others? We might think that those whose rights are infringed are nonetheless entitled to compensation or other forms of redress, but, curiously, and with the obvious exception of governmental takings of land by eminent domain, compensation, whether monetary or otherwise, is rarely available to those whose rights are rightfully infringed. This paper examines this phenomenon, and suggests that the widespread practice of non-redress for the rightful deprivations of rights reveals a quite different picture of what rights are and of how right operate.
Crossan on the Couch, Along with the Rest of Us: Part Two: Six Proposals Toward a New Paradigm for a Psychologically Realistic Approach to the Search for the Historical Jesus as Suggested by the Work of Hal Childs

Building on the theoretical basis spelled out in my first article on Hal Childs' The Myth of the Historical Jesus and the Evolution of Consciousness, the present article engages in dialogue with Crossan's 2000 autobiography, A Long Way From Tipperary. The dialogue focuses on six proposals emerging from Childs' work that advocate the inclusion of psychological realism in rethinking the task, practice, and outcome of historical Jesus research. The six proposals are as follows: first, that psychological realism is an essential part of historical realism; second, that unconscious factors are to be considered at work in the viewer as well as in the viewed in historical Jesus research; third, that every reconstruction of the historical Jesus is mythic; fourth, that the preunderstanding that the Jesus scholar brings to historical Jesus research is generated within a hermeneutical circle constituted by a vast web of relationships, purposes, and meanings that include every aspect of the scholar's life; fifth, that the final goal of historical Jesus research is not the “facts” about the historic Jesus, but the meaning of these “facts” as archetypal images for self-understanding, world-understanding, and the evolution of consciousness; and sixth, that the purpose of the Gospel is to evoke new archetypal projections in the reader that can lead to new incarnations of the archetypal Self awakened and informed by the “story” of Jesus, often as recovered by the Jesus historian.
Concept Design: Modeling and Synthesis from Requirements to Functional Models and Simulation

Cyber physical systems (CPS) design has become more challenging due to the tight integration of the cyber and physical worlds and the use of cross-domain engineering practices. Moreover, competition in the market in terms of quality, innovation, cost, and time-to-market makes CPS design even harder for the engineers. These challenges advocate for the adoption of integrated engineering methods and tools by CPS design engineers. In addition, state-of-the-art engineering tools are very domain specific, making it difficult to integrate different tools for system-level analysis. This chapter discusses a novel multi-disciplinary systems engineering methodology and related design automation techniques for a complex CPS presented in Wan et al. (IEEE Syst J 11(4):2028–2039, 2017). Instead of domain-specific architecture/simulation models, this method directly targets the early design stage at the functional level. It enables the coupling of systems engineering principles with high-level synthesis techniques from the field of design automation. This blend results in a functional modeling synthesis tool capable of generating high-fidelity simulation models for the design space exploration and validation of multiple cyber-physical architectures. Using real-world automotive use-cases, it is demonstrated how functional models capturing integrated cyber-physical requirements are synthesized into high-fidelity multi-domain simulation models.
Radiofrequency Remote Control of Thermolysin Activity

Nearly all biological processes are regulated by enzymes, precise control over specific enzymes could create the potential for controlling cellular processes remotely. We have successfully shown that the thermophilic enzyme thermolysin can be remotely activated in 17.76 MHz radiofrequency (RF) fields when covalently attached to 6.1 nm gold coated magnetite nanoparticles. Without raising the bulk solution temperature, we observe enzyme activity as if the solution was 16 {+/-} 2 {degrees}C warmer in RF fields, or an increase in enzymatic rate of 129 {+/-} 8%. Kinetics studies show that the activity increase of the enzyme is consistent with the induced fit of a hot enzyme with cold substrate.
The Case Study Method in Philosophy of Science: An Empirical Study

There is an ongoing methodological debate in philosophy of science concerning the use of case studies as evidence for and/or against theories about science. In this paper, I aim to make a contribut...
Mapping the Potential of Zero Charge and Electrocatalytic Activity of Metal–Electrolyte Interface via a Grain-by-Grain Approach

Potential of zero charge (PZC) is a fundamental quantity that dictates the structure of the electrical double layer. Studies using single crystals suggest a polycrystalline surface should display an inhomogeneous distribution of PZC and electric field, which directly affects the electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Herein, we demonstrate the direct mapping of local PZC using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). The potential-dependent charging current upon the formation of the microscopic electrode-electrolyte interface is used to determine the PZC. Using polycrystalline Pt as a model system, correlative SECCM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images show the dependence of PZC on the local crystal grain orientation. The electrocatalytic activity can be mapped from the same SECCM experiment via local voltammetry, which demonstrates the variation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity across Pt grains. The method reported here can be readily applied to study other electrochemical interfaces, providing rich correlative information on the surface property and electrocatalytic activities.
8 Intelligence and the Workplace

During the past century, intelligence has been studied extensively and has generated a great deal of controversy. This chapter reviews three general approaches to the study of intelligence. The first, relying on factor analysis and related methods, seeks to understand the latent structure of intelligence. The general factor of intelligence, g, has its roots in this approach. Information processing models comprise the second approach to the study of intelligence. Here, the elemental components and processes underlying intelligence are studied in carefully controlled experiments. The third approach, neuropsychological research on intelligence, attempts to connect the brain with behavior and cognitive functioning. After reviewing theories and models of intelligence, this chapter summarizes research on the relation of intelligence to skill acquisition and performance in training and in the workplace. A vast number of studies clearly show the importance of intelligence for performance. Alternative views of intelligence, including social and emotional intelligence, are also reviewed. Finally, some common fallacies about intelligence are described. Keywords: cognitive ability; theories of intelligence; training performance; job performance; emotional intelligence; fallacies about intelligence
Human brucellosis:seroepidemiology of Tangshan City from 2003 to 2006

Objective To study the human brucellosis infection status and its epidemic feature during 2003-2006.Methods A total of 485 blood samples of serum underwent rose bengal plate test(RBPT)and serum agglutination test(SAT),which include 422 cases having a history of contacting with sheep/goats or cattle,22 suspected eases,and 41 cases having contacted with infected persons.All cases were diagnosed according serology test and epidemiologic survey.Results The positive rates of Serum antibodies(SAT titer)were 8.8%(12/137),12.7%(8/63),13.1%(22/171)and 16.2%(19/114),respectively,during 2003 to 2006 in Tangshan,in an increasing Rend and peaked in the second and the third seasons 77.0%(47/61).The mostly infected population were those who contacted with sheep/goats or cattle,accounting for 98.4%(60/61).Livestock farmers 86.9%(53/61),and veterinarians 8.2%(5/61)were mostly likely to be infected.Assay of serum antibodies is negative in the persons contacting with infected cases.Conclusions The prevalence of human brucellsis had presented a rising tendency in highly dangerous crowd of Tangshan.Contacting with infected livestock(such as sheep/goats or cattle),especially their aborted materials and placenta were mainly transmitted modes of human brucellsis.However,cases of person-to-person transmission has not been discovered in this study. Key words: Brucellosis; Seroepidemiologie studies; Data collection
Study on Optimization of Interface Effect of Basin Insulator Used in UHVAC 1100kV GIS

The basin insulators for the UHV AC 1100kV GIS are taken as research objects. The conductive carbon black filled the polymer conductive composite material is prepared, which uses the carboxy-terminated but not carboxy-terminated liquid nitrile rubber. Based on the toughened epoxy resin (EP) modified by the adien nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN), EP was prepared by adding the conductivity black (CB). Fracture, electrical and thermodynamic properties of EP/CTBN composites and conductive carbon black filled EP/CTBN composites were studied. This carbon black filled polymer conductive composite material is used as the interface treatment material between the central conductor insert and the basin body of basin insulator for GIS/H-GIS. Two-dimensional simulation calculation model is established by using ANSYS finite element simulation software. Electric field intensity distribution on the surface of the central conductor insert under different conditions is calculated. It is proved that electric field distribution on the surface of the central conductor insert is 1100kV in GIS. Rationality of coating carbon black filled conductive composites on the interface between the central conductor insert and the basin body of the basin insulator.
Reconsidering Uncertainty from Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Measurement and Novel Data Analysis by Deep Learning

Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) is a popular technique to investigate thermal properties of bulk and thin film materials. The FDTR data analysis involves fitting experimental data to a th...
Bold, contrary and free: The myriad messages of entrepreneurship popular literature

As libraries, both public and academic, continue to support entrepreneurs, an understanding of the most ubiquitous entrepreneurship literature will allow librarians to understand both the context w...
FORMAREA VALORILOR ÎN SISTEMUL DE EDUCAȚIE: PARADIGMA CONSTRUCTIVISTĂ

In articolul dat sunt examinate cercetari științifice privind formarea orientarii valorice din perspectiva paradigmei constructiviste. Studiul desfașurat a permis evidențierea variilor poziții reprezentanților constructivismului in vederea promovarii orientarilor valorice semnificative pentru societatea contemporana prin intermediul principiilor, condițiilor, strategiilor ce constituie puncte de reper pentru dezvoltarea orientarii valorice la educabili. Conținutul expus determina actualitatea studiului intreprins și contureaza direcțiile investigaționale de perspectiva.
ARTICLE: Determining Intellectual Disability in Death Penalty Cases: A State-by-State Analysis

In Moore v. Texas (2017), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Texas death penalty definitions of intellectual disability were inadequate because they strayed too far from clinical definitions. This study examines how each state defines intellectual disability with regard to death penalty eligibility. It reveals a wide variation in the standards used by states, with no clear consensus on definitions of intellectual disability or who should measure it. Variations pertain to age at onset, proof of intellectual disability status at the time of the crime, burden of proof required to make the intellectual disability determination, and who makes the final decision. Implications and suggestions for the future are discussed.
Apathy is associated with poorer abstinence self-efficacy in individuals with methamphetamine dependence.

Abstract Background Confidence in one’s ability to achieve and maintain drug abstinence (i.e., abstinence self-efficacy) is a strong predictor of substance use treatment outcomes. Neurobehavioral factors that may interfere with abstinence self-efficacy are less well established, particularly in methamphetamine (METH). This study investigated whether apathy, which is highly prevalent during active METH use and periods of abstinence, influences abstinence self-efficacy among METH dependent individuals. Methods Sixty-six participants with lifetime METH dependence and METH abuse/METH dependence diagnoses within the last 18 months (mean age [SD] = 39.5 years [10.7]), and no severe psychiatric or neurological diseases, completed the Methamphetamine Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), alongside a comprehensive neurobehavioral evaluation. The MSES presents six situations that may lead to relapse and collects self-report ratings for two subscales: “Confidence” (i.e., confidence in one’s ability to abstain from using METH, or METH abstinence self-efficacy) and “Temptation” (i.e., how tempted one is to use METH) with regard to each situation. Apathy was measured using a composite T-score comprised of items and scales from three well-validated, self-report assessments. Results Multivariable linear regression found that higher Apathy T-scores were significantly associated with lower Confidence ratings (i.e., poorer METH abstinence self-efficacy; p Conclusions Elevated apathy may adversely impact one’s confidence to abstain from METH use. Findings highlight the importance of addressing apathy in order to improve METH abstinence self-efficacy, which may subsequently increase the likelihood of successful METH treatment outcomes.
Willow drives changes in arthropod communities of northwestern Alaska: ecological implications of shrub expansion

Arthropods serve as complex linkages between plants and higher‐level predators in Arctic ecosystems and provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling. Arctic plant communities are changing as tall woody shrubs expand onto tundra, but potential effects on arthropod abundance and food web structure remain unclear. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, thereby having the potential to induce cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. We evaluated relationships between the abundance, biomass, and community composition of arthropods and the cover of several shrub taxa across tundra–shrub gradients in northwestern Alaska. While previous research had found a general positive association between arthropod biomass and shrub cover, we found heterogeneity in this relationship with finer‐scale examination of (1) shrub taxa, (2) arthropod taxa, and (3) arthropod guilds. Abundance and biomass of arthropods showed strong, positive associations with the amount of cover of willow (Salix spp.) but were not significantly influenced by shrub birch (Betula spp.) or ericaceous (Ericaceae) vegetation. Significant shifts in arthropod community composition were also associated with willows. Among trophic groups of arthropods, herbivores and pollinators were most positively associated with willow cover. Due to geographical variation in both dominant shrub taxa and their rates of expansion, effects on arthropod communities are likely to be heterogeneous across the Arctic. Taken together, our results suggest that shrub expansion could increase food availability for higher‐level insectivores and shift Arctic food web structure.
Groundwater Management and Adaptation Decision Making Process

Key practical issues concerning adaptation to climate change with respect to groundwater (and water in general) are who actually makes water supply decisions, the role of government in water supply planning, how decisions are made, to what extent and how is climate change information received and acted upon, and the time frame used for planning and capital investments. Water management decisions in the water sector still largely fall within the realm of water users and suppliers, who are responsible for finding means to meet their own water needs (and those of their customers), operating under the purview of governmental agencies that have regulatory authority over water use. Governmental agencies also perform or sponsor research, provide educational services, and may build and operate large-scale water infrastructure. The degree to which climate change adaptation is a consideration of a water utility or other public or private organization depends upon organizational priorities, which are largely driven by organizational leadership engagement. Projected anthropogenic climate change impacts with respect to groundwater for the common 20 to 50-year planning periods are likely small relative to natural climate variability and increases in demands due to population growth.
Discovery of esophageal stricture following femoral neck fracture: a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus in a young female

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus is a rare malignancy of the esophagus with histopathologic features of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Given the rarity of this disease, there is scant literature on ASC. We report a unique case of a 29-year-old African American female with advanced ASC manifesting as a pathologic fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed femoral fracture, and femoral biopsy demonstrated metastatic ASC. Upper endoscopy revealed a distal esophageal stricture, and histopathology confirmed ASC. To our knowledge this is the youngest case of ASC to be reported. We discuss ASC epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and current treatments.
Rethinking state rail policy: The benefits of rail preservation include more than jobs

In the last two decades, many states established rail promotion programs in an effort to limit the contraction of their railroad networks. Now federal funds for rail projects are nearly exhausted, and states must decide whether to expand considerably their levels of internal finding for short line investments. Such a decision requires a careful articulation of policy goals, combined with sound cost-benefit techniques. Research shows, however that states often fail to evaluate the full range of costs and benefits when considering rail investments. instead, the economic development benefits of local rail service frequently are overstated, while the potential for rail investments to meet broader transportation planning needs is neglected. This paper evaluates the rationale behind state intervention in the rail industry, discusses the tendency of states to focus on economic development to the exclusion of other benefits categories and presents summary results from an analysis of an investment project in North Carolina. The paper suggests that state funding for rail projects is more likely to be justified based on intermodal substitution benefits generated by local rail service, rather than the railroads' potential to increase jobs.
GENE TRANSFER BY F′ STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IV. : Effect of a Chromosomal Deletion on Chromosome Transfer

Pittard, James (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and T. Ramakrishnan. Gene transfer by F′ strains of Escherichia coli. IV. The effect of a chromosomal deletion on chromosome transfer. J. Bacteriol. 88:367–373. 1964.—Evidence is presented that in an F′ strain of Escherichia coli. AB1206, the chromosomal region corresponding to the merogenote of F14 is deleted. AB1206 differs from all other F′ strains in its stability and in its relative inability to transfer chromosomal markers under conditions in which transfer of the merogenote occurs at a frequency of 100%. Its stability can be accounted for by the fact that the loss of the F merogenote, which contains approximately 10% of the genetic information of the cell, would be a lethal event. The failure of AB1206 to transfer chromosomal markers, except at very low frequencies, can be explained in terms of the crossover model proposed to explain chromosome transfer by F′ strains, since the homologous chromosomal region is missing in this strain. The conclusion that the chromosomal region is deleted is strengthened by the finding that the different enzymes coded for by the genes on F14 are present in AB1206 at the level found in haploid strains, but have double this activity in homozygous diploids carrying F14.
Roentgenography of the obstetric pelvis

Abstract 1. 1. A combined isometric and stereoscopic technique provides for adequate roentgenographic survey of the obstetric pelvis. Both the lateral and frontal films are taken under identical positioning of the patient. 2. 2. A lateral film containing an isometric scale is employed for measurement of the anteroposterior diameters of the pelvic canal and for the vertical heights of the various planes of the transverse diameters. 3. 3. A distorted set of scales has been developed for measuring the transverse diameters of the pelvis directly on the frontal film. The planes to be used are obtained directly from the lateral film. 4. 4. Only two films are essential. However, for complete examination, another frontal stereoscopic film, and a 45-degree angle film of the pubic arch are recommended. The national emergency may warrant dispensing with the extra films and the stereoscope. 5. 5. Nevertheless, the precision steroscope is preferred when available, for study of pelvic architecture and cephalopelvic relationship and labor mechanisms, as well as a check on measurements obtained from distorted images with the isometric scales. 6. 6. Workup of the lateral and frontal films together eliminates the location of uncertain external anatomic landmarks, and measurements on the patient. 7. 7. Introduction of an anterior transverse diameter of the inlet, drawn between the ileopectineal eminences, should assist in detecting variations in the forepelvis. 8. 8. Mensuration of the AP diameter, the transverse, the anterior transverse, and the posterior sagittal diameter of the inlet provides a basis for classification of pelves. 9. 9. A common ground has been reached for pelvic classification on the basis of mensuration and morphology. 10. 10. Cephalometry can be performed. Estimation of the weight of the infant from the size of the head is no longer practiced.
ATHENA optimization: the effect of initial parameter settings across different genetic models

Rapidly advancing technology has allowed for the generation of massive amounts data assessing variation across the human genome. One analysis method for this type of data is the genome-wide association study (GWAS) where each variation is assessed individually for association to disease. While these studies have elucidated novel etiology, much of the variation due to genetics remains unexplained. One hypothesis is that some of the variation lies in gene-gene interactions. An impediment to testing for interactions is the infeasibility of exhaustively searching all multi-locus models. Novel methods are being developed that perform a non-exhaustive search. Because these methods are new to genetic studies, rigorous parameter optimization is necessary. Here, we assess genotype encodings, function sets, and cross-over in two algorithms which use grammatical evolution to optimize neural networks or symbolic regression formulas in the ATHENA software package. Our results show that the effect of these parameters is highly dependent on the underlying disease model.
Everyday movement and use of the arms: Relationship in children with hemiparesis differs from adults.

Purpose In adults with hemiparesis amount of movement of the more-affected arm is related to its amount of use in daily life. In children, little is known about everyday arm use. This report examines the relationships between everyday movement of the more-affected arm and its (a) everyday use and (b) motor capacity in children with hemiparesis. Methods Participants were 28 children with a wide range of upper-extremity hemiparesis subsequent to cerebral palsy due to pre- or peri-natal stroke. Everyday movement of the more-affected arm was assessed by putting accelerometers on the children's forearms for three days. Everyday use of that arm and its motor capacity were assessed with the Pediatric Motor Activity Log-Revised and Pediatric Arm Function Test, respectively. Results Intensity of everyday movement of the more-affected arm was correlated with its motor capacity (rs ≥ 0.52, ps ≤ 0.003). However, everyday movement of that arm was not correlated with its everyday use (rs ≤ 0.30, ps ≥ $ 0.126). Conclusions In children with upper-extremity hemiparesis who meet the study intake criteria amount of movement of the more-affected arm in daily life is not related to its amount to use, suggesting that children differ from adults in this respect.
Simulating robot collective behavior using StarLogo

Robot simulation is a very important tool to the development of novel real-world techniques for cooperation of teams of robots. One major difficulty when trying to introduce students to robotics is that the teaching of major abstractions used to coordinate group robot behavior is not easily visualized -- it is not always true that one has enough robots available to be used in real demonstrations. In this paper, we attempt to improve the situation above by implementing a robot simulator for 5 (five) of the major abstractions used in robotics. This simulator concentrates on group coordination in a scenario where robots are required to find their way out of a room or maze. This paper describes our initial version of this simulator, as well as our future plans for the simulator, both in usage and in enhancement of the feature set.
Utility of the peak expiratory flow rate in the differentiation of acute dyspnea. Cardiac vs pulmonary origin.

This study examined the utility of a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement in the differentiation of acute moderate to severe dyspnea secondary to congestive heart failure or chronic lung disease. A PEFR was determined in 41 episodes of acute respiratory distress in 40 patients prior to emergency department therapy. The mean PEFR ± SD for the congestive heart failure group (n= 18) was 224 ±82 L/min, which was significantly higher (p
Migratory Coping in Wartime Mozambique: An Anthropology of Violence and Displacement in ‘Fragmented Wars’

Current frameworks for analyzing conflict in developing nations usually focus on the agendas of national-level parties to conflicts. This article draws heavily on the author’s own ethnographic work in central Mozambique to demonstrate how political alignment during the Mozambican civil conflict (1977-92) was regarded by local actors as a tool for engaging in family- and community-level political struggles. Comparing findings from his own work in the district of Machaze to that of other ethnographic researchers who focused on wartime experiences elsewhere in Mozambique, he shows how the means of violence of national-level parties during the civil conflict were appropriated by local actors in service to local forms of social struggle. He proposes the concept of ‘fragmented war’ to describe such contexts in which national ‘civil wars’ take on a large degree of local character and in which there is considerable variation in that local character as a result of sociocultural and ethnic diversity within a countr...
A slight asymmetry in the transbilayer distribution of lysophosphatidylcholine alters the surface properties and poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles.

Large, unilamellar vesicles (LUV) composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were made asymmetric in l-α-lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (LPC) either by adding a small amount (total mole fraction = 0.003) of LPC to their outer leaflets (LUV-LPCout) or by extracting a small amount from outer leaflets which already contained 0.0015 mol fraction LPC (LUV-LPCin). The slow rate of the transbilayer redistribution of LPC allowed the asymmetric vesicles to be characterized with regard both to their physical properties and to their ability to fuse in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The fraction of LPC extractable with bovine serum albumin was taken as a measure of LPC transbilayer asymmetry. The ratio of LPC available to that unavailable to BSA extraction was 6 for LUV-LPCout and 0.3 for LUV-LPCin. These asymmetries could not be enhanced significantly by increasing the vesicle LPC content. Measurements of the mixing and leakage of vesicle contents showed that LUV-LPCin fused in the presence of...
Angular dependent specular reflectance in UV/Vis/NIR

There are well known methods and equipments for measuring the specular (/directed) reflectance of a sample. There are quite different sample types such as laser mirrors or anti-reflectance material. Most of the common set-ups are not very flexible (e.g. only one angle ore only one wavelength), critical in accuracy, extremely expensive ore difficult to use. A new development from PerkinElmer tries to combine: high flexibility, high precision, easy to use, comparably low cost. The system is able to measure all type of samples from high reflectance to anti reflective coatings. It covers a large wavelength range of 185...3100 nm and is able to measure fully automated a couple of self-defined angles (8...68°) in S and P polarisation with only one interaction at the beginning (pressing the start button). No alignment is necessary in the daily use. The system works with an absolute measurement mode and therefore does not need any calibrated standard mirrors. The intent of this contribution is to introduce this new technology in comparison to traditional measurements.
The pH dependence of ionic strength effects on trypsin and chymotrypsin systems.

Abstract The ionic character of trypsin and chymotrypsin was investigated using pH-salt profiles, and it is evident that the kinetics and ionic composition of their sites are not the same. For both enzymes the addition of salt decreases the deacylation rate constant below pH 6. Above pH 6 trypsin shows no salt effect, whereas for chymotrypsin the effect becomes positive. From the pH dependency of these systems, theoretical relationships are derived which explain the experimental results. Chymotrypsin has two kinetic pathways for an imidazoyl type group in an anionic environment. Trypsin has one kinetic pathway and an imidazoyl in a cationic environment.
The Intensity of X-Ray Satellites

By means of the two-crystal ionization spectrometer measurements have been made of the wavelengths and intensities relative to $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ of the satellites $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3,4}$ of Cu (29). $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3,4}$ has characteristics of a doublet and is separated, photographically, for elements below Sc(21) but is unresolved for elements of higher atomic number. The greater resolving power of the two-crystal spectrometer shows that this "doublet" contains, probably, more than the two components $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}$ and $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{4}$, the wavelengths of which latter were found, respectively, to be 1531.15 and 1530.15 X.U. The intensity of either of these components, at 40 K. V., is of the order of 0.25 percent of the intensity of $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$. A similar study of the $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3,4}$ doublet of Ni (28) suggests that this doublet may contain four components.
Media Advertising Usage by Professionals: What We Know 20 Years Later

ABSTRACT Twenty years have passed since the use of media advertising by professional services providers was “legalized.” This paper summarizes, integrates and draws generalizations from the empirical literature on advertising by accountants, dentists, lawyers and physicians. Additionally, in those instances in which the research evidence is inconclusive, we suggest managerially and theoretically relevant research propositions. Finally we offer some caveats and exhortations with respect to research methods in this domain.
Looking But Not Seeing: Atypical Visual Scanning and Recognition of Faces in 2 and 4-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study used eye-tracking to examine visual scanning and recognition of faces by 2- and 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (N = 44) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 30). TD toddlers at both age levels scanned and recognized faces similarly. Toddlers with ASD looked increasingly away from faces with age, atypically attended to key features of faces, and were impaired in face recognition. Deficits in recognition were associated with imbalanced attention between key facial features. This study illustrates that face processing in ASD may be affected early and become further compromised with age. We propose that deficits in face processing likely impact the effectiveness of toddlers with ASD as social partners and thus should be targeted for intervention.
Ways an actualist might be

I discuss Stalnaker’s views on modality. In particular, his views on actualism, anti-essentialism, counterpart theory, and the Barcan formulas.
Parallel processing support: so what is a :20Heisenbug” anyway?

Parallel Processing is a technological innovation holding great promise for improving turnaround time for large scientific and engineering codes. The Cornell National Supercomputer Facility, CNSF, has been experimenting with parallel processing since 1986, in cooperation with the IBM Corporation. Initially, the experimentation involved staff. Later, limited numbers of researchers had access to the parallel processing software under the restrictive terms of various confidentiality agreements. But in 1988, our parallel processing situation underwent a drastic change with the general availability of IBM's Parallel FORTRAN. In May 1988 we made this software available to our general user community and began supporting these users through our normal support channels. The purpose of this paper is to share our experiences with supporting researchers in this new environment.I will offer an overview of the terminology necessary to discuss parallel processing, with apologies to the computer scientists who have developed this information. Since my information has been acquired “hands on,” rather than by reading the voluminous publications on parallel processing, I'm not going to attempt to provide scholarly references. I gratefully acknowledge the research and work done by many other members of the CNSF staff who contributed greatly to my learning process and the development of the CNSF educational materials which provide the basis for much of the technical information provided here.The bulk of the paper will focus on the CNSF experiences with supporting parallel processing, including coding and debugging strategies, promoting parallel processing to the scientific user community, and education efforts.
Activity during unemployment and mental health

The main purpose of this study was to investigate activity during unemployment and the relationship between such activity and mental health in a sample (n = 213) of unemployed Norwegians. The results indicate that the unemployed are generally more passive than the average population, and that they are considerably less involved in social activities. However, the unemployed do not constitute a homogeneous group in terms of activity level and activity profile. Women were somewhat more active that men, particularly in connection with domestic chores. Young people were more active than the other age groups, particularly in connection with extra-familial activities. Several significant relationships were found between different activity categories and mental health. The more active the unemployed were, the better their mental health. The results are discussed in relation to similar data for the average population, other unemployment research, subjective and objective factors which can be of importance to the activity level and profile of the unemployed, sex role issues, theoretical models developed to explain and understand the effects of unemployment, methodological considerations, and the possible functions of activity for mental health.
Present status of underwater medicine. Review of some challenging problems

Es wird eine Ubersicht uber den gegenwartigen Stand der Unterwassermedizin gegeben. Besondere Berucksichtigung finden die in jungster Zeit durchgefuhrten Forschungen, die die Grundlage fur eine Erweiterung der Grenzen des Tieftauchens bereiteten, wie z.B. der 1972 durchgefuhrte Rekordtauchgang der Comex Gruppe, bei dem eine Tiefe von 2001 Fuss (610 m) in der Kammer erreicht wurde. Nach den in diesem Experiment erhobenen Befunden konnen ausgewahlte und trainierte Taucher in einer Tiefe von 1400 Fuss (427 m) noch gut arbeiten und leben, wenn sie eine Helium-Sauerstoffmischung atmen. Die Ursachen des «Nervosen Hochdruck-Syndromes», sowie die kritische Volumentherorie vonMiller6 als ein Erklarungsversuch fur das Fehlen der narkotischen Wirkung von Helium unter hohem Druck im Vergleich zu Stickstoff werden diskutiert.