cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggressive Medical Care at the End of Life (EOL) in Glioblastoma (GBM): The 5-year Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Experience (P7.273)

OBJECTIVE:To characterize aggressive medical care at the EOL in GBM. BACKGROUND:In advanced cancer, aggressive non-curative medical care at the EOL impairs quality of life and does not prolong life. GBM is a devastating malignancy with uniformly poor prognosis. Despite limited survival, some GBM patients receive intensive medical treatments near the EOL. The frequency and extent of aggressive medical care at the EOL in GBM has not been studied. DESIGN/METHODS:A retrospective review of adults with GBM at MSKCC since January 2008. Aggressive care was defined as (1) hospital admission within 30 days or (2) chemotherapy within 14 days of death. Patient characteristics and patterns of medical care were summarized. RESULTS:Of 679 patients treated for GBM at MSKCC since 2008, 136 (20%) received aggressive care at the EOL. Their mean age was 59 (SD=15), and 84 (62%) were men. 124 (91%) were admitted within 30 days of death and 12 (9%) received chemotherapy within 14 days of death. 9 (6%) met both criteria. Of those with late hospitalization, 25 (20%) were admitted for acute medical events and 99 (80%) for neurological deterioration. 23 patients (18%) did not have a DNR order and 34 (24%) did not have a health care proxy prior to admission. 59 patients (48%) received intravenous antibiotics, 37 (30%) were admitted to an ICU, 15 (12%) underwent mechanical ventilation, and 3 (2%) were resuscitated. 112 patients (90%) received corticosteroids, 85 (69%) received opioids, and 71 (57%) received benzodiazepines. 34 patients (26%) died at MSKCC, 7 in an ICU, 38 (31%) at a hospice/facility, and 49 (40%) at home (3% unknown). CONCLUSIONS:In our population one fifth of GBM patients received aggressive care at the EOL. Predictors of this pattern of treatment and its association with outcomes such as quality of life require further study. Disclosure: Dr. Dallara has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Diamond has nothing to disclose.
Documentary Evidence in Comparative Perspective

The last decade brought about a sudden change in this field by tearing documents out of their "tangible" physical form of existence, as a result of which our image of them has changed fundamentally. The change in living conditions necessitated the creation of new legal frames, which were to be constructed having regard to the special characteristics of the electronic environment. This required a radical change in outlook of lawyers, who had been thinking exclusively in traditional documents. The ground of procedural law science, which had seemed firm before, appeared to be shaking: during the formation of a regulatory system capable of accommodating electronic documents properly, the sole firm point to lean on was the continuity of function of the document.This study was prepared on the basis of the regulation of documentary evidence in English, French, German, Austrian and Hungarian civil procedures. With regard to documentary evidence – at least in some subfields (e.g. the scope of evidence) − among the analyzed national laws one may also find models showing remarkable differences, which may serve as a suitable basis for the comparative analysis contained in the essay.
Thermal reactions of coordination compounds—I: Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)- and diaquobis-(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complexes

Abstract The solid-solid thermal reactions between cis - and trans -[Co(en) 2 X 2 ](NO 3 ) n complexes and NH 4 Cl, and cis - and trans -[Co(en) 2 X 2 ]Cl n complexes with NH 4 Cl or NH 4 NO 3 , were studied by various techniques. Practically all of the products were trans -[Co(en) 2 X 2 ] X complexes where X is Cl − or NO 3 − . Gas-solid reactions between the above complexes and HCl or HNO 3 all gave the trans -product also. These trans - preferred reactions were studied in detail and a mechanism is proposed which will explain the observed results.
Chromosomal Location of the Structural Gene for Glycerol Kinase in Escherichia coli

Cozzarelli, N. R. (Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.), and E. C. C. Lin. Chromosomal location of the structural gene for glycerol kinase in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 91:1763–1766. 1966.—A glycerol kinase mutant site has been mapped by transduction and sexual conjugation. Three-factor crosses with the two procedures yielded the following gene order: arginine-1–methionine-1–glycerol kinase–isoleucine, valine-16. An additional 13 independent glycerol kinase mutant sites mapped in the same region. Since some of the mutants were able to produce a protein serologically indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme, it is concluded that the region mapped represents the structural gene for the kinase.
Autophagy Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Calcium Mobilization in T Lymphocytes

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular bulk degradation pathway that plays critical roles in eliminating intracellular pathogens, presenting endogenous Ags, and regulating T lymphocyte survival and proliferation. In this study, we have investigated the role of autophagy in regulating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment in T lymphocytes. We found that ER content is expanded in mature autophagy-related protein (Atg) 7-deficient T lymphocytes. Atg7-deficient T cells stimulated through the TCR display impaired influx, but not efflux, of calcium, and ER calcium stores are increased in Atg7-deficient T cells. Treatment with the ER sarco/ER Ca 2+ -ATPase pump inhibitor thapsigargin rescues the calcium influx defect in Atg7-deficient T lymphocytes, suggesting that this impairment is caused by an intrinsic defect in ER. Furthermore, we found that the stimulation-induced redistribution of stromal interaction molecule-1, a critical event for the store-operated Ca 2+ release-activated Ca 2+ channel opening, is impaired in Atg7-deficient T cells. Together, these findings indicate that the expanded ER compartment in Atg7-deficient T cells contains increased calcium stores, and the inability of these stores to be depleted causes defective calcium influx in these cells. Our results demonstrate that autophagy plays an important role in maintaining ER and calcium homeostasis in T lymphocytes.
Middle-class misperceptions of the high life aspirations and strong work ethic held by the welfare poor.

Middle-class persons mistakenly believe that welfare recipients have low aspirations and low work ethic. More seriously, they incorrectly identify lack of confidence and the acceptance of welfare as signs of low work ethic. Those employed to help the poor—counselors and trainers—are unlikely to do so if they misperceive the orientations of the poor. Most welfare recipients do not need to have their aspirations or work ethic raised—they desperately need experiences of success in the work world.
The Molecular Neurobiology of Depression

The molecular neurobiology of depression begins with the concept that depressive disorders represent a family of related but distinct conditions. Different points of vulnerability in the brain may predispose a person to depressive disorders. Unraveling these complex causes may lead to novel treatments that can be used in a targeted fashion.
Microvascular replantation in a seven-month-old girl: A case report

Replantation of an amputated digit in a child demands special techniques for success. Our experiences with replantation in this age group have shown that although these patients have a lower viability rate after digital replantation, those digits that do survive develop excellent function. In this case report of a 7-month-old with an amputated thumb, the indications, techniques, and prognosis of replantation in children are discussed.
GIANT CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS

A case of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported herein. The patient is a 67-year-old Japanese woman complaining of ascites, general fatigue, loss of weight, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Cytological diagnosis of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, a whitish tumor measuring around 5 cm in diameter was found at the head of the pancreas. Metastasis was seen only in the liver. Histological examination displayed bizarre multinucleated giant cells occasionally phagocytosing the tumor cells and neutrophils.
A noncausal framework for model-based feedback control of spatially developing perturbations in boundary-layer flow systems. Part II: numerical simulations using state feedback

We present numerical results illustrating the successful state feedback control of a spatially developing boundary-layer flow system. Control is applied using the noncausal framework developed in Part I of this study. After addressing some important regularization issues related to the proper treatment of the infinite-dimensional nature and semi-infinite spatial extent of the present system, we compute the state-feedback control gains according to the equations developed in Part I at several spanwise wavenumbers β. We then inverse transform the result to obtain spatial convolution kernels for determining the control feedback. The effectiveness of the controls computed using these feedback kernels, which are well resolved on the computational grid and spatially localized in the spanwise direction, is tested using direct numerical simulation of the boundary-layer flow system. A significant damping of the flow perturbation is observed, which is of the same order as the damping that arises when applying significantly more expensive iterative adjoint-based control optimization schemes.
Development of orientation and mechanical properties of extrusion cast polyamide 11 films in biaxial stretching process

The development of orientation of extrusion cast polyamide 11 films in the biaxial stretching process was studied with birefringence and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) pole figures. White-Spruiell biaxial orientation factors of the crystalline phase were calculated with the pole figure data. Both biaxially stretched films were developed. Planarity of hydrogen bonding planes with respect to the film surface was observed from WAXD pole figures. Mechanical properties of the films were studied. Tensile strength and elongation at break were successfully correlated with the out-of-plane birefringences.
The Costs of Air Quality Deterioration and Benefits of Air Pollution Control: Estimates of Mortality Costs for Two Pollutants in 40 US. Metropolitan Areas

Although it is still impossible to place a dollar value on human lives and on the total health effects of air pollution, the excessive mortality costs of two air pollutants - sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) and total suspended particulates (TSP) - are quantified here for most of the 40 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States. Based on 1970 data, total mortality damage for SO/sub 2/ was estimated at $887 million and for TSP at $1.044 billion. The benefit from reducing these pollutants could exceed $1.328 billion annually, a figure useful in evaluating control costs.
Pathologies of the large-N limit for RPN−1, CPN−1, QPN−1 and mixed isovector/isotensor σ-models

We compute the phase diagram in the N --> infinity limit for lattice RPN-1, CPN-1 and QP(N-1) sigma -models with the quartic action, and more generally for mixed isovector/isotensor models. We show that the N = infinity limit exhibits phase transitions that are forbidden for any finite N. We clarify the origin of these pathologies by examining the exact solution of the one-dimensional model: we find that there are complex zeros of the partition function that tend to the real axis as N --> infinity. We conjecture the correct phase diagram for finite N as a function of the spatial dimension d. Along the way, we prove some new correlation inequalities for a class of N-component sigma -models, and we obtain some new results concerning the complex zeros of confluent hypergeometric functions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Word-to-word variation in ERP component latencies: Spoken words

Abstract Data were collected shedding light on the brain electrical activity underlying word recognition. Subjects listened to a list of 48 spoken words in six random orders under two instructional sets: first to “think about the meanings of the words,” and second, to learn the list. The scalp EEG associated with hearing and identifying the words was recorded at F3, F4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz, and Oz. Standard within-subjects time-locked averaging across words showed a late negative-positive complex with N2-P3 topography, the negative component peaking around 480 msec, the positive component peaking around 830 msec. Averaging within words across subjects uncovered considerable latency variability in both components. Within-word N2 and P3 component latencies covaried with word durations and with the “recognition points” predicted for the words by the “cohort theory” of word recognition. N2 latencies corresponded closely to the “N400” effect elicited with semantically incongruous sentence-final spoken words. Implications for ERP investigations of language processing are discussed.
Solution structure of an antiparallel purine motif triplex containing a T·CG pyrimidine base triple

Abstract Background: Triplex formation is an approach of potential use in regulating and mapping of gene sequences. However, such applications have been limited to homogeneous sequences consisting of stretches of purines or pyrimidines. Understanding how heterogeneous duplexes are recognized by a third strand oligonucleotide at the atomic resolution level is an essential step toward broadening the application of triplex formation into biochemical and biomedical areas. Results The solution structure of an antiparallel triplex (RRY6) containing a site of inversion (i.e. a T within a homopurine stretch, forming a T ·CG base triple) has been determined using NMR-restrained computations in the presence of explicit water. The results reveal that within the RRY6 triplex the conformation of the duplex is mostly B-like and that of the third strand exhibits significant variations in interbase separations and backbone torsion angles. A major displacement of the inversion site T sugar in a 5′-direction, accompanied by the tilt of the T base in T ·CG, was observed. The T ·CG base triple contains a single hydrogen bond between T O4 and the exposed C amino proton and is stabilized by a number of interstrand and sequential van der Waal contacts. The structural comparisons of RRY6 with two related triplexes indicate localized perturbation at the non-classical base triple site. Various triplexes contain sugars in the C2′-endo family and the global features of their duplexes are similar. Conclusion This study provides valuable information concerning the molecular basis of the specific recognition of a Watson–Crick base paired C residue at the inversion sites in the antiparallel triplex and should lead to general rules for designing triplexes containing heterogeneous sequences.
Hidden markov analysis of short single molecule intensity trajectories.

Photon trajectories from single molecule experiments can report on biomolecule structural changes and motions. Hidden Markov models (HMM) facilitate extraction of the sequence of hidden states from noisy data through construction of probabilistic models. Typically, the true number of states is determined by the Bayesian information criteria (BIC), however, constraints resulting from short data sets and Poisson-distributed photons in radiative processes like fluorescence can limit successful application of goodness-of-fit statistics. For single molecule intensity trajectories, additional information criteria such as peak localization error (LE) and chi-square probabilities can incorporate theoretical constraints on experimental data while modifying normal HMM. Chi-square minimization also serves as a stopping point of the iteration in which the system parameters are trained. Peak LE enables exclusion of overfitted and overlapped states. These constraints and criteria are tested against BIC on simulated single molecule trajectories to best identify the true number of emissive levels in any sequence.
Determinants of Use Of Information and Communication Technologies by Agribusiness Firms in Uganda

Private agribusiness firms are expected to contribute to the growth of Uganda's economy. They are also expected to adopt modern methods of communication to remain competitive both in the domestic and international market. However, little is known about the extent to which agribusiness firms have been using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). This study establishes three different ICT levels, 1, 2, and 3 used by agribusiness firms in Uganda. Data from 104 agribusiness firms gives the categories of users as; (i) users of conventional ICT only, (ii) users of conventional ICT plus e-mail and (iii) users of conventional ICT, e-mail and Internet. Results from the multinomial logit model suggest that managers, who perceived internet to be beneficial to their business operations (positive attitude) and firms with high expenditure on information collection and dissemination, were likely to be users of ICT level 2. Education level of the manager, firms in the export trade and volume of sales were positively associated with the use of both ICT levels 2 and 3. Experience in computer use and number of computer knowledgeable staff were positively associated with ICT level 3. Key words: Agribusiness firms, e-mail, ICT, internet Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 3-11
Transitioning Children from Psychiatric Hospitals to Schools: The Role of the Special Educator

Over a quarter of a million U.S. students each year reside for a period of time in a psychiatric inpatient hospital setting to receive mental health treatment. Following inpatient treatment, most children are transitioned from the hospital into a regular school setting. Little is known about how these transitions are managed by hospital or school personnel. The current study examined the role of the special education teacher in this transition process. A national sample of special education teachers was surveyed about their involvement in the transition process. The majority of special education teachers reported active involvement in the transition process through contact with parents and hospital personnel. In addition, special education teachers reported behavior problems present in children upon their return to school and the skills, knowledge, or resources that would assist them in facilitating children's transitions. Implications for research, training, and practice are provided.
Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport

Increased awareness of the problem of introduced marine species has led to recent surveys of several large bays with international shipping. To our knowledge, no thorough search for introductions has been carried out in an embayment not connected to an international harbor. In 1998, we investigated the macroinvertebrate fauna of Elkhorn Slough (ES), an estuary in central California. Fieldwork and a literature review revealed 56 known exotic species at ES, a surprising diversity considering the rather modest search effort, the relatively natural setting of this estuary, and the lack of international shipping. While some exotic species at ES were probably introduced directly from distant waters with cultivated oysters, others likely arrived more indirectly via San Francisco Bay or other regional ports with thriving populations of invaders, travelling for instance as adults fouling boats or as larvae on currents. The effect of international shipping, including ballast water dumping, is thus not limited to areas with major harbors, but rather reverberates up and down the coast to seemingly isolated embayments.
Grateful individuals are not suicidal: Buffering risks associated with hopelessness and depressive symptoms

Abstract With suicidal behavior serving as a leading cause of injury and death around the world, researchers must expand ongoing efforts to uncover protective factors. In this study, we examined if gratitude mitigated existing risk factors for suicide. Specifically, we predicted that gratitude moderates the relationship between suicidal ideation and (a) hopelessness and (b) depressive symptoms in a sample of 369 diverse undergraduate students. Results indicate that for people who are highly grateful, both hopelessness and depressive symptoms are less likely to be associated with thoughts and intentions to kill oneself. The findings demonstrate the value of integrating protective factors against suicidality, including character strengths such as gratitude, into existing theories that tend to be limited to vulnerability factors. We offer tentative ideas for enhancing the impact of suicide prevention and intervention programs by directly addressing gratitude, which has been shown to be highly modifiable.
Ionospheric control of magnetotail reconnection

Observed distributions of high-speed plasma flows at distances of 10 to 30 Earth radii (R(E)) in Earth's magnetotail neutral sheet are highly skewed toward the premidnight sector. The flows are a product of the magnetic reconnection process that converts magnetic energy stored in the magnetotail into plasma kinetic and thermal energy. We show, using global numerical simulations, that the electrodynamic interaction between Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere produces an asymmetry consistent with observed distributions in nightside reconnection and plasmasheet flows and in accompanying ionospheric convection. The primary causal agent is the meridional gradient in the ionospheric Hall conductance which, through the Cowling effect, regulates the distribution of electrical currents flowing within and between the ionosphere and magnetotail.
Isolation and characterization of terminally differentiated chicken and rat skeletal muscle myoblasts

Abstract The ability of skeletal muscle myoblasts to differentiate in the absence of spontaneous fusion was studied in cultures derived from chicken embryo leg muscle, rat myoblast lines L6 and L8, and the mouse myoblast line G8. Following 48–96 hr of culture in a low-Ca2+ (25 μm), Mg2+-depleted medium, chicken myoblasts exhibited only 3–5% fusion whereas up to 64% of the cells fused in control cultures. Depletion of Mg2+ led to preferential elimination of fibroblasts, with the result that 97% of the mononucleated cells remaining at 120 hr exhibited a bipolar morphology and stained with antibodies directed against M-creatine kinase, skeletal muscle myosin, and desmin. Mononucleated myoblasts rarely showed visible cross-striations or M-line staining with anti-myomesin unless the medium was supplemented with 0.81 mM Mg2+, suggesting that Mg2+ plays a role in sarcomere assembly. Conditions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ depletion inhibited myoblast fusion in the rodent cell lines as well, but mononucleated myoblasts failed to differentiate under these conditions. Differentiated individual myoblasts from rat cell lines and from chicken cell cultures were obtained when fusion was inhibited by growth in cytochalasin B (CB). CB-treated rat myoblast cultures accumulated MM-CK to nearly twice the specific activity found in extensively fused control cultures of comparable age. Spherical cells which accumulated during CB treatment were isolated and shown to contain nearly eight times the CK specific activity present in nonspherical cells from the same cultures. Approximately 90% of these cells exhibited immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to skeletal muscle myosin, failed to incorporate [3H]thymidine or to form colonies in clonal subculture, and thus represent terminally differentiated rat myoblasts. Quantitative microfluorometric DNA measurements on individual nuclei demonstrated that the terminally differentiated myoblasts obtained in these experiments from both chicken and rat contain 2cDNA levels, suggesting arrest in the G0 stage of the cell cycle.
Cement Seal Failure at Casing Shoe in Shallow Marine Sediments

This paper describes the hypothetical mechanisms of cement seal failure during casing shoe leak-off testing (LOT) of surface holes in the shallow-marine sediments (SMSs)—parting of cement sheath from formation by LOT wellbore pressure. Presented is a theoretical proof—supported by LOT field data—explaining why, in SMSs, casing shoe failure occurs at pressures smaller than the rock fracturing pressures. Hence, for upper well sections in SMSs the prediction of casing shoe strength should be based on critical conditions for cement seal failure rather than rock fracturing. It is also shown that pressure required for cement seal failure can be determined from contact stress between cement and wellbore. Contact stress develops during the process of cement setting as a result of volumetric changes in the annulus. Proposed is a mathematical model of contact stress based on cement volume reduction compensated by compressibility of the casing string, cement, and wellbore. An example demonstrates potential application of the model. The study identifies two factors resulting from drilling process, which may control the critical pressure of cement seal failure in SMSs: contact stress at casing shoe, from cementing operations, and liquid penetration, an invasion of drilling fluid into the cement-rock interface around the casing shoe. It is shown that changes in cementing and drilling practices may increase casing shoe integrity and reduce the need for cement squeeze treatments.
The Victorian Literature of Fear

This article examines the prolific field of literary criticism on the Victorian gothic. It begins by offering a brief history of the genre and by delineating differences between its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century manifestations. The article then isolates major critical discussions on the important triad of anxiety, monstrosity, and identity, focusing primarily on the last fifteen years. Among the most promising developments are recent interventions from queer theory, postcolonial studies, and economic theory. The final part of the article offers suggestions for future research, calling for a balance between a particularizing and expansive approach to the gothic.
Analysis of social network sites and supporting functions

Social network sites are quickly becoming ubiquitous across the Internet. While research has explored user behaviors in relation to the sites, supporting functions, largely has been overlooked. However, the functions encourage or prohibit user behaviors. In this paper a matrix of social network sites and functions is identified. This illustrates the functions common to these websites. This further illustrates which websites house what functions. A definition for functions is provided. All websites contain profiles, picture management, email, network management, and search, while only four utilize instant messaging, event planning and blogs. It is important to understand the technological landscape of social network sites in order to get a better understanding of how the sites are used.
Harnessing mismatch repair to model sporadic cancers.

Two mouse models that initiate sporadic tumors seek to recapitulate spontaneously arising human cancers.
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Hydrogen under Conditions Found in Internal Combustion Engines

A chemical kinetic model is used to study the combustion characteristics of hydrogen under conditions found in internal combustion engines. Laminar flame speeds are predicted under the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions found in a spark-ignition engine. The variation of laminar flame speed with temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio is examined. The autoignition of hydrogen and hydrogen−natural gas mixtures is also studied under conditions found in a free-piston compression-ignition engine. This engine is expected to exhibit high efficiencies operating on hydrogen. The results suggest that adding small amounts of natural gas to hydrogen will reduce NOx emissions from a free-piston compression-ignition engine. Calculations showed that the predicted NO concentrations correlated well with the maximum temperature in the cycle and that the NO was mostly produced by N2 + O = NO + N.
Reexamination of Respiratory Tract Responses in Rats, Mice, and Rhesus Monkeys Chronically Exposed to Inhaled Chlorine

AbstractImportant data for human risk assessment of inhaled chlorine are provided by a recent rodent cancer bioassay (Wolf et al., 1995) and a chronic inhalation toxicity study in rhesus monkeys (Klonne et al., 1987). To improve interspecies comparisons based upon these data sets, the tissues from these studies were reexamined to (a) map the location of responses to assess the potential role of local chlorine dosimetry, (b) generate quantitative data on selected endpoints to compliment subjective scores, and (c) further characterize the responses in relation to interspecies differences and potential human health risks. Chlorine-induced lesions, which were confined to the respiratory tract, exhibited both similarities and differences among rodents and primates. At equivalent airborne concentrations (∼2.5 ppm), chlorine-induced responses were less severe in rhesus monkeys, but extended more distally in the respiratory tract to involve the trachea, while treatment-induced lesions were confined to the nose in...
Effect of Processing on Whey Protein Functionality

Whey protein concentrate preparations, prepared by electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, gel filtration, and reagent complexation, are highly variable in their composition and functionality. The important functional properties of whey protein concentrates are solubility, whipping and foaming, emulsification, and gelation. Factors affecting these properties include: whey source and composition, cheese or casein manufacturing conditions, heat treatment conditions, fractionation and isolation conditions, storage conditions, overall sanitation conditions, and techniques used for functionality evaluation. Process modifications such as selective heat treatment, selective demineralization or ion exchange, and preteolytic enzyme hydrolysis may be used to alter these functional properties for a desired use application.
Changes in body temperature after administration of adrenergic and serotonergic agents and related drugs including antidepressants: II.

This survey, the third in a series, presents extensive tabulations of literature, primarily since 1965, on thermoregulatory effects of adrenergic and serotonergic agonists and their antagonists including ergot alkaloids, amphetamines, tryptamines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic and other antidepressants, a variety of other agents which alter presynaptic aminergic mechanisms including reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, p-chlorophenylalanine, alpha-methyltyrosines, cocaine, guanethidine and bretylium. The information listed includes the species used, route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which the experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of body temperature change and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or lesions, or on the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary drug.
Kinetics of Hydrogen Atom Transfer from (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3H to Various Olefins: Influence of Olefin Structure

Treating (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3H (1) or (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3D (1-d1) with an excess of olefin containing the opposite isotope generally leads to H/D exchange, although hydrogenation is also observed in some cases. Application of an appropriate statistical correction to the observed exchange rate gives kH and kD, the rate constants for H• (D•) transfer from (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3H (D) to various olefins. The values of kH and kD vary appreciably with the substituents on the double bond. Phenyl-substituted olefins accept H• more readily than do carbomethoxy-substituted olefins, although the latter accept H• more readily than do alkyl-substituted olefins. A methyl substituent on the incipient radical site increases kH at 323 K by a factor between 5 and 50. A methyl substituent on the carbon to which the H• is being transferred decreases kH substantially. On the whole, the rate constants for H• transfer reflect steric effects as well as the stability of the resulting carbon-centered radicals.
IMPROVED BODY CONDITION OF WEANED HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL PUPS ASSOCIATED WITH EL Niño EVENTS: POTENTIAL BENEFITS TO AN ENDANGERED SPECIES

Efforts to enhance recovery of endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) require an understanding of factors influencing population dynamics. This study examines relationships between body condition and survival of monk seal pups at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island and El Nino events. Girth measurements and mass estimates were used as indicators of pup body condition, and survival was evaluated from weaning to age 2. Linear models and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate El Nino effects. Temporal trends in mean girth, mass, and survival were identified at both study sites. After accounting for temporal trends, girths were 3.7 cm and 2.7 cm greater during El Nino years at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island, respectively. Average mass estimates were significantly greater during El Nino years at French Frigate Shoals (2.6 kg increase), but were not significantly different at Laysan Island (1.8 kg increase). Weaned pups born at French Frigate Shoals during El Nino years survived significantly better, but this effect was not detected at Laysan Island. El Nino events probably affect pup condition and survival, but these parameters need to be monitored during future El Nino events to clarify these relationships.
Computationally efficient cone beam CT reconstruction algorithm using circle-and-line orbit

In this paper we present an idea of combing data acquired from different scan geometry such as two mutually tilted circles and the circle-and-line orbits. The focus is on patching the shadow zone, a region where Radon data are not available from the single circular orbit, with data acquired from another (nonplanary) circular or linear orbits. Conventional two-step approaches are sophisticated and computationally intensive due to the fact that the entire cone beam projections are transformed into the Radon space (or some intermediate form) for patching, followed by an inverse transformation process. In contrast, by substituting the shadow zone with a shadow cone, we show that the patching process can be done in the three-dimensional (3D) Fourier space. Furthermore, we show that patching data in 2D Fourier space is possible for the case when it involves the circle-and-line orbit.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A moment of perfect clarity II: consequences of sparse sets hard for NP with respect to weak reductions

This issue's column, Part II of the article started in the preceding issue, is about progress on the question of whether NP has sparse hard sets with respect to weak reductions.Upcoming Complexity Theory Column articles include A. Werschulz on information-based complexity; J. Castro, R. Gavalda, and D. Guijarro on what complexity theorists can learn from learning theory; S. Ravi Kumar and D. Sivakumar on a to-be-announced topic; M. Holzer and P. McKenzie on alternating stack machines; and R. Paturi on the complexity of k-SAT.
Synthesis of 4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinonesvia β-lactam intermediates on the solid-phase

The synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones has been accomlished through the rearrangement of β-lactam intermediates on the solid-phase. The β-lactam intermediates were constructed through [2+2] cycloadditions between ketenes and imines on the solid-phase. A library of 4,140 dihydroquinolinones has been produced using this synthetic process.
Impact of implant design on femoral head hemiresurfacing arthroplasty.

Abstract: Two consecutive series of cemented femoral hemiresurfacing arthroplasty for patients with Ficat Stage III and early Stage IV osteonecrosis of the femoral head were studied to identify the impact of design on the clinical and radiographic results. Group I (30 patients, 33 hips) components had a cobalt chrome shell with a tapered inner dimension, no stem, and sizes in 2-mm increments. Group II (37 patients, 51 hips) components differed by adding a proportional stem, increased spherical coverage, and sizes in 1-mm increments. The average age for the patients in both groups was 40 years. Fifty percent of the patients in Group I were men; in 43′ of patients osteonecrosis was associated with steroid use and in 21′ of patients it was associated with alcohol use. Thirty-three percent of the patients in Group II were men; in 41′ of patients osteonecrosis was associated with steroid use and in 17′ of patients it was associated with alcohol use. The average followup is 42 months for Group I and 24 months for Group II. Neither group experienced infections, nerve palsies, dislocations, or loosening. In Group I, two patients died of unrelated causes and five patients had reoperations, two for femoral neck fractures, and three for unsatisfactory pain relief. No patients in Group II had femoral neck fractures but three patients had reoperations for unsatisfactory pain relief. The stemmed component in Group II has resulted in an improvement in component position and elimination of femoral neck fractures in this series.
Dexmedetomidine Decreases Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Humans

This study was designed to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on CBF velocity as measured by transcranial Doppler sonography in human volunteers. Dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, was administered by computer-driven infusion pump to six male volunteers. Serial measurements of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity at four steady-state plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were made with a 2-MHz transcranial Doppler transducer via the temporal window. The targeted plasma concentrations were 0.49, 0.65, 0.81, and 0.97 ng/ml. These represent 60, 80, 100, and 120%, respectively, of the mean peak concentration following the intramuscular administration of 2 micrograms/kg of dexmedetomidine. Subjects experienced a significant degree of sedation at the highest infusion rates. Mean CBF velocity decreased with each increase in plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine and then began to return to basal levels after termination of the infusion. A trend toward an increase in the pulsatility index at the higher levels of dexmedetomidine suggests that the observed decrement in CBF velocity was due to an increase in cerebral vascular resistance. Upon initiation of the drug infusion, mean arterial pressure decreased from approximately 95 mm Hg to 78 mm Hg. There were no further decreases in arterial pressure with subsequent increases in plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine. Arterial carbon dioxide tension increased to a maximum of 45 mm Hg during the drug infusion, but this increase from baseline was not statistically significant. These studies are in agreement with previous animal studies which demonstrate a decrease in CBF after administration of dexmedetomidine.
Transmitting Haoqiu zhuan in Eighteenth-Century Chosŏn Korea

Abstract This paper focuses on the process of transmission of Haoqiu zhuan in eighteenth-century Chosŏn Korea. The spread of the Haoqiu zhuan did not involve a straightforward transmission of the Chinese text to a Korean readership, but rather a multiple process of mediation—the translation from vernacular Chinese to vernacular Korean, and the transmutation from the printed text to transcribed copies. The text was thus shaped as material for domestic consumption by and for elite women, by bringing about certain adaptations attuned to what was seen as their pressing needs. The transformation of the format and meaning of the text diluted the traces of the work’s national origin and made the distinction between the foreign and the indigenous insignificant. The process of transmission of Haoqiu zhuan not only highlights the fluid nature intrinsic to text transmission but also challenges the adequacy of the impact-response approach based on a nationalist reflex.
DIFFUSION MECHANISMS DURING EPITAXY OF Cu/Cu(100) — AN ATOMIC VIEW

Using an embedded atom method (EAM) potential, we have investigated the energetics of atomic diffusion processes of (1) single adatoms on a flat terrace and around steps of different orientations, and (2) small clusters of up to 5 atoms on a flat terrace during epitaxy of Cu/Cu(100). Exchange mechanism for adatoms to cross over descending steps and diffusion mechanism for adatoms to diffuse along step ledges were found to depend on step orientation. The simulation results show that the small clusters are quite mobile at room temperature, but dissociate at much higher temperature, as deduced from the low migration energies and high dissociation energies of the clusters calculated. Under certain conditions, tetramers are only the stable phase during epitaxy of Cu/Cu(100). The simulation results for single adatoms and small clusters obtained in this work are consistent with recent LEED experiments and can explain some experimental observations during epitaxy of Cu/Cu(100).
Comparison between global latent heat flux computed from multisensor (SSM/I and AVHRR) and from in situ data

Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) and satellite-derived parameters are input to a similarity theory-based model and treated in completely equivalent ways to compute global latent heat flux (LHF). In order to compute LHF exclusively from satellite measurements, an empirical relationship (Q-W relationship) is used to compute the air mixing ratio from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) precipitable water W and a new one is derived to compute the air temperature also from retrieved W(T-W relationship). First analyses indicate that in situ and satellite LHF computations compare within 40%, but systematic errors increase the differences up to 100% in some regions. By investigating more closely the origin of the discrepancies, the spatial sampling of ship reports has been found to be an important source of error in the observed differences. When the number of in situ data records increases (more than 20 per month), the agreement is about 50 W/sq m rms (40 W/sq m rms for multiyear averages). Limitations of both empirical relationships and W retrieval errors strongly affect the LHF computation. Systematic LHF overestimation occurs in strong subsidence regions and LHF underestimation occurs within surface convergence zones and over oceanic upwelling areas. The analysis of time series of the different parameters in these regions confirms that systematic LHF discrepancies are negatively correlated with the differences between COADS and satellite-derived values of the air mixing ratio and air temperature. To reduce the systematic differences in satellite-derived LHF, a preliminary ship-satellite blending procedure has been developed for the air mixing ratio and air temperature.
Ca 2+ homeostasis in microvascular endothelial cells from an insulin-dependent diabetic model: role of endosomes/lysosomes

Cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) regulates several cellular functions, e.g. cell growth, contraction, secretion, etc. In many cell types, ion homeostasis appears to be coupled with glucose metabolism. In certain cell types, a strict coupling between glycolysis and the activity of Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPases (SERCA) has been suggested. Glucose metabolism is altered in diabetes. We hypothesize that: (a) Ca 2+ homeostasis is altered in microvascular endothelial cells from diabetic animals due to the dysfunction of glycolysis coupling the activity of SERCA; (b) endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartments expressing SERCA are involved in the dysfunction associated with diabetes. Ca 2+ ions in E/L compartments can be studied by either spectral imaging/confocal microscopy in single cells, or by fluorescence spectroscopy in cell populations. In cell populations, agonist stimulation elicited greater [Ca 2+ ] cyt increases in cells from diabetic than from normal animals. Simultaneous measurements of [Ca 2+ ] cyt and Ca 2+ in E/L compartments ([Ca 2+ ] E/L ) using fluorescence spectroscopy and spectral imaging/confocal microscopy, demonstrate that Ca 2+ is released from E/L compartments following agonist stimulation. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrate that E/L compartments exhibit the machinery to regulate Ca 2+ : SERCA and ryanodine receptor (RyR) coupled Ca 2+ channels. Our functional studies, using confocal/spectral imaging microscopy, indicated that E/L compartments employ SERCA and RyR coupled Ca 2+ channels to refill and release Ca 2+ , respectively. Glucose modulates refilling of E/L compartments with Ca 2+ via SERCA, since SERCA inhibitors suppress this refilling. The regulation of these phenomena are altered in diabetes. These data indicate that E/L compartments are important for Ca 2+ homeostasis.
Polarity effects of substrate surface in homoepitaxial ZnO film growth

Epitaxial ZnO "lms were grown on two polar surfaces (O-surface and Zn-surface) of (0 0 0 1) ZnO single-crystal substrates using o!-axis magnetron sputtering deposition. It was found that the two polar ZnO surfaces have di!erent surface structure and morphology, which strongly in#uence epitaxial "lm growth. An interesting result shows that high-temperature annealing of ZnO single crystals will improve the surface structure on the O-terminated surface rather than the opposite surface. The morphology and structure of homoepitaxial "lms grown on the ZnO substrates were di!erent from heteroepitaxial "lms grown on the Al 2 O 3 . The measurements of low-angle incident X-ray di!raction and atomic force microscopy of ZnO "lms indicate that the O-terminated surface is better for ZnO epitaxial "lm growth. ( 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Energy and length scales in scintillator nonproportionality

Abstract The causes of energy nonlinearity (nonproportionality) in gamma-ray spectroscopy of scintillators have not been fully explained quantitatively, but are believed to involve the spatial density of thermalized electrons and holes, their transport and interactions, and competition between radiative and nonradiative recombination. Here, we relate electron–hole density to the initial ray's energy through expressions for the stopping power and distance, and then attempt to fit some “plateau-type” (e.g. BaF 2 , Lu 2 SiO 5 , etc.) light curves via competing radiative and nonradiative processes obeying different energy power laws. We find that reasonable power laws and the assumption of a uniform energy density in the excited region lead to a fairly good agreement with many experimental curves. We then show that a simple approximation for averaging over regions of different excitation density leads to improved agreement with experiment, at the expense of making it more difficult to uncover the underlying kinetics from the experimental data. These considerations should carry over to more sophisticated models or simulations of scintillation processes.
Adapting Mainstream Substance-Abuse Interventions for Southeast Asian Clients:

Southeast Asians are experiencing increasing problems with alcohol and other drug abuse. Because few culturally specific treatment models are available, mainstream substance-abuse programs will inc...
Air-Filled Ion Chamber Beam Loss Monitors for the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS)

Small, air-filled, ion chambers have been constructed to serve as localized beam spill monitors. They are mounted at the downstream end of each straight section of the ring and are useful for locating beam obstructions and for finding spills due to abnormal machine adjustment. The chamber is made up of thin aluminum sheets with mylar insulation and is enclosed in a lucite box. No preamplifier is used, but the signals are transported to the Main Control Room (MCR) via RG-22/U shielded pair to maintain good SNR. A central 300 V power supply provides ion collection potential for all eight chambers. The signals are processed for individual and multiplexed monitoring.