cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence Stratigraphic Frameworks and the Overlap Unconformable Traps in Deep Formations of Shengping area,Northern Part of Songliao Basion

Based on seismic, well logging, drilling and core data, five super sequence boundaries have been identified by using methods of sequence stratigrphy theory in deep formations of Shengping area, northern part of Songliao basion. They are the top boundaries of bed rock (SSB1), the bottom boundaries of Shahezi group (SSB2), the bottom boundaries of Yingcheng group (SSB3), the bottom boundaries of Denglouku group (SSB4) and the bottom boundaries of Quantou group (SSB5) respectively. Then sequence stratigraphic frameworks in deep formations of Shengping area were established. Furthermore, the overlap unconformable traps and their distribution ranges of two important formations surface (SSB4和SSB1) were predicted.
Effects of Sputtering Power on Structure and Optical Properties of Cu_2O Thin Films Deposited by Pulse Magnetron Sputtering

Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz glass substrates by pulse magnetron sputtering using a metallic copper target in Ar and O2mixture atmosphere. The effects of sputtering power on crystalline structure,surface morphology and optical properties of Cu2O thin films were investigated at different sputtering powers. The results show that at an O2/ Ar flow ratio of 30∶ 80,the thin films deposited at room temperature were single-phase Cu2O(111) for 60-90 W sputtering power. The surfaces morphologise of Cu2O thin films depended on the sputtering powers,root mean square values of roughness of the thin films increases as the sputtering powers increasing. Moreover,in the wavelength range of 300-670 nm,the optical band gap(Eg) valus of thin films deposited at different sputtering powers range from 2.15 eV to 2.53 eV.
Creativity and Problem-Solving: Closing The Skills Gap

ABSTRACTInnovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship are becoming key focus areas for employers looking for the 21st century employee. This means the academic side of the create-a-better-employee relationship should adapt the curricula to address this need by including problem-solving and creativity; and, this introduction should occur as early as possible in a student’s course of study. This article relates the development and implementation of a problem-based learning (PBL)-modeled class in a business-oriented curriculum designed to help freshman and sophomore students learn about problem-solving and creativity techniques. One learning goal of the class is to have students be able to describe at least five problem-solving methods or activities. Results showed a clear majority—88% of the students satisfied this short-term, course goal. Additional results show observable changes that indicate more long-term learning concerning creativity and problem-solving occurred. Finally, some implications for upper d...
A Case Report of Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as a Lymphoma Mimic.

Objective. To describe a unique presentation of neurosarcoidosis. Background. Central nervous system involvement is rare in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis can be severe and can be mistaken for systemic lymphoma. Case Description. A 55-year-old right-handed white male with past medical history of obstructive sleep apnea, Raynaud’s disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was noted to have cognitive decline over a duration of few weeks and 20 lb weight loss. His neurologic exam (including cranial nerves) was normal except for five-minute recall. Head CT revealed a lacrimal gland mass, confirmed on brain MRI, which was suspicious for lymphoma on brain PET/MRI. Subsequent whole-body FDG PET/CT scan showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Bone marrow biopsy was negative. Serum and CSF ACE levels were within normal limits. Supraclavicular lymph node biopsy before steroids therapy was initiated and revealed multiple noncaseating granulomas, diagnostic of “sarcoidosis.” He was treated with daily prednisone for two months, followed by weekly infliximab. Brain MRI two months after treatment with prednisone showed decrease in size of lacrimal lesion, and brain PET/MRI showed normal brain metabolism pattern after five months. Neurocognitive evaluation three months after diagnosis demonstrated improvements in memory abilities. Discussion. Both clinically and radiographically, neurosarcoidosis can mimic systemic lymphoma. Biopsy in these types of cases is necessary to establish the diagnosis.
Chemotherapy can induce weight normalization of morbidly obese mice despite undiminished ingestion of high fat diet.

// Cheryl E. Myers 1 , Dominique B. Hoelzinger 1 , Tiffany N. Truong 1 , Lindsey A. Chew 1 , Arpita Myles 2 , Leena Chaudhuri 2 , Jan B. Egan 3 , Jun Liu 1 , Sandra J. Gendler 1, 2, 4 , Peter A. Cohen 2, 4 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 3 Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 4 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Correspondence to: Cheryl E. Myers, email: myers.cheryl@mayo.edu Peter A. Cohen, email: cohen.peter@mayo.edu Keywords: obesity, chemotherapy, proton leak, preadipocyte, lipogenesis Received: July 27, 2016 Accepted: December 05, 2016 Published: January 10, 2017 ABSTRACT Morbidly obese patients who accomplish substantial weight loss often display a long-term decline in their resting metabolism, causing even relatively restrained caloric intake to trigger a relapse to the obese state. Paradoxically, we observed that morbidly obese mice receiving chemotherapy for cancer experienced spontaneous weight reduction despite unabated ingestion of their high fat diet (HFD). This response to chemotherapy could also be achieved in morbidly obese mice without cancer. Optimally dosed methotrexate (MTX) or cyclophosphamide (CY) enabled the mice to completely and safely normalize their body weight despite continued consumption of obesogenic quantities of HFD. Weight reduction was not attributable to decreased HFD intake, enhanced energy expenditure or malabsorption. MTX or CY dosing significantly depleted both adipose tissue and preadipocyte progenitors. Remarkably, however, despite continued high fat feeding, a compensatory increase in hepatocyte lipid storage was not observed, but rather the opposite. Gene microarray liver analyses demonstrated that HFD mice receiving MTX or CY experienced significantly inhibited lipogenesis and lipid storage, whereas Enho (energy homeostasis) gene expression was significantly upregulated. Further metabolic studies employing a human hepatocellular line revealed that MTX treatment preserved robust oxidative phosphorylation, but also promoted mitochondrial uncoupling with a surge in proton leak. This is the first report that certain optimally dosed chemotherapeutic agents can induce weight loss in morbidly obese mice without reduced dietary intake, apparently by depleting stores of adipocytes and their progenitors, curtailment of lipogenesis, and inconspicuous disposal of incoming dietary lipid via a steady state partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Casting a Feminist Eye on Public Infrastructure

In this submission, I discuss my research on public restroom infrastructure and the distribution of hygiene resources throughout the city of Seattle. Through interviews and observation, I investigate differences to "customer convenience" across restrooms in public parks and community centers. As grassroots organizations begin to upend these systems through the collection and distribution of menstrual hygiene projects, they reorient whose resources are 'cared for' by the state. This discussion of public services and care serves as a foundation for technology field interventions meant to offer a means for collaboration across disparate maintenance practices and redefine the infrastructure of access for people with limited resources.
Lateral Compression Pelvic Fractures

Lateral compression pelvic fractures are described by the Young and Burgess system. If the patient is going to the operating room with general surgery for other injuries or possible diversion for an open rectal injury, this should be communicated to the attending orthopedic surgery as preperitoneal packing or external fixation may be necessary.
Trading off sound pressure level and average power production for wind farm layout optimization

Abstract This research explores the trade-offs between a wind farm's average power production and noise impact on nearby observers. Two specific wind farm designs were studied and optimized using the FLORIS wake model and an acoustic model based on semi-empirical turbine noise calculations. It was found in the two wind farms that the average power production could be increased, up to 8.01% in one and 3.63% in the other, ignoring sound level considerations. Including a noise restriction in the optimization had a minimal impact on the optimal average power production within about a five-decibel range. Past this range, sound limitations decreased the wind farm's power production significantly. By analyzing average power production and sound pressure level together, we can take advantage of the multi-modality of the optimization to find solutions were noise impact can be improved with an insignificant effect on power production.
Exosomes for the Enhanced Tissue Bioavailability and Efficacy of Curcumin

Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles with a particle size of 30–100 nm and carry a cargo of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Their properties of shuttling in-and-out of the cells suggest that these particles can be exploited as a nano drug carrier. In this manuscript, we show that curcumin can be delivered effectively using milk-derived exosomes. Curcumin when mixed with exosomes in the presence of 10% ethanol:acetonitrile (1:1) provided a drug load of 18–24%, and the formulation stored at − 80°C was stable for 6 months as determined by particle size analysis, drug load, and antiproliferative activity. The uptake of exosomes by cancer cells involved caveolae/clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Oral administration of exosomal curcumin (ExoCUR) in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated 3–5 times higher levels in various organs versus free agent. ExoCUR showed enhanced antiproliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines including, breast, lung, and cervical cancer compared with the free curcumin. ExoCUR showed significantly higher anti-inflammatory activity measured as NF-κB activation in human lung and breast cancer cells. To determine in vivo antitumor activity, nude mice bearing the cervical CaSki tumor xenograft were treated with ExoCUR by oral gavage, curcumin diet, exosomes alone, and PBS as controls. While curcumin via dietary route failed to elicit any effect, exosomes had a modest (25–30%) tumor growth inhibition. However, ExoCUR showed significant inhibition (61%; p < 0.01) of the cervical tumor xenograft. No gross or systemic toxicity was observed in the rats administered with the exosomes or ExoCUR. These results suggest that exosomes can be developed as potential nano carriers for delivering curcumin which otherwise has encountered significant tissue bioavailability issues in the past.
Where People Work: The Economic Context of Reproduction

As various studies have noted, African American women historically have worked outside the home; thus, occupationally related stressors and strains, as well as those arising from household work and community work, may influence their health status (Mullings, 1984; Krieger et al., 1994). African American women now constitute a slightly greater proportion of the African American workforce than men. Currently, on the national level, while approximately one-fifth of African American women in the labor force are in managerial and specialty professions, most are concentrated in service, technical, clerical, and laborer occupations. Twenty-eight percent are service workers; 12 percent hold jobs as operatives, fabricators, and laborers; and 39 percent hold jobs in technical, sales, and administrative support (Bennett, 1995). While only about 4 percent of African American women report themselves as self-employed (Devine, 1994), their increased participation in the informal sector has been widely discussed by social scientists (Sassen, 1991). Class stratification over the past 10 years has produced a concentration of African American women in low-wage, dead-end jobs and a growing middle stratum of managerial and professional workers.1 The community description figures in the appendix describe employment and income characteristics of Central Harlem residents, according to the U.S. Census Bureau and other administrative sources of data.
Uniform Decays in Nonlinear Thermoelastic Systems

The uniform stability of a nonlinear thermoelastic plate model is investigated, where the abstract nonlinearity here satisfies assumptions which allow the specification of the von Karman nonlinearity, among other physically relevant examples. Linear analogs of this work were considered in [1] and [2]. Even in the absence of inserted dissipative feedbacks on the boundary, this system is shown to be stable with exponential decay rates which are uniform with respect to the “finite energy” of the given initial data (uniform stability of a linear thermoelastic plate with added boundary dissipation was shown in [8], as was that of the analytic case in [14]). The proof of this result involves a multiplier method, but with the particular multiplier invoked being of a rather nonstandard (operator theoretic) nature. In addition, the “free” boundary conditions in place for the plate component give rise to higher order terms which pollute the decay estimates, and to deal with these a new result for boundary traces of the wave equation must be employed.
Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Temperature and Flow Profile in Data Centers

Thermal management of data centers continues to be a challenge because of their ever-increasing power densities, due for example to shrinking server footprints. Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer (CFD/HT) have been used extensively to model thermal transport and air flow in data centers. However, the significant computational costs and time associated with accurate room-level CFD/HT simulations for data centers makes such simulations impractical for real-time prediction and control. Nevertheless, developing an effective control framework for data centers to minimize power consumption requires such real-time prediction of server inlet temperatures and tile flow rates. This paper focuses on the development of artificial neural network (ANN)-based models trained on datasets generated from offline CFD/HT simulations for real-time prediction of temperature and flow distributions in a data center. Using CFD simulation results to train ANN transfers computational complexity from model execution (in CFD) to model setup and development. A physics-based and experimentally validated room-level CFD/HT model was developed using Future Facilities 6Sigma Room. The numerical model of the room housing the data center includes an under- floor supply and ceiling-return cooling configuration and consists of one cold aisle with 12 racks arranged on both sides and three CRAC units around the periphery of the room [1]. For steady state modeling, flow and temperature distributions were obtained for 300 representative cases using CFD/HT simulations and used to train the ANN model using the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The multidimensional input parameter space for the simulations was comprised of the computer room air conditioner (CRAC) blower speed (N CRAC ), the CRAC return air temperature set point (T a,ret ) and the IT load distribution for the racks ($\dot{Q}_{room}$), while rack inlet temperature (T rack inlet ) and tile flow rate ($\dot{V}_{tile}$) were the predicted variables. The trained ANN model was tested with 33 test cases obtained from the same multi- dimensional input space. The results show good agreement with CFD simulations with an average error of < 0.6°C in rack inlet temperatures and 0.7 % in tile flow rates. For transient modeling a scenario with cooling failure was considered where first 200 s of data after failure were used for training ANN and subsequent 300 s were used for testing the accuracy of extrapolative predictions. The ANN was compared with the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) modeling framework in terms of prediction accuracy and computational time for this transient scenario. The validated neural network model can be used to obtain rapid prediction of temperature and flow distributions, and when combined with appropriate control strategy, can be used for real-time control of data centers.
Serum Testosterone 60 Months after Passive-Scatter Proton Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Studies demonstrate a decline of ∼10% in serum testosterone (ST) level after X-ray radiotherapy for prostate cancer. We evaluated changes in ST for patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate...
Low flows and downstream decline in phytoplankton contribute to impaired water quality in the lower Minnesota River.

Abstract The underlying physical and biogeochemical mechanisms associated with low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels below 5 mg L −1 were examined through field data analyses and water quality modeling of the lower 40 miles of the Minnesota River. Insights into flow and water quality data of nineteen years (1999–2017) at five sites demonstrate that low DO levels parallel the obvious longitudinal (upstream-to-downstream) decline in phytoplankton biomass and increase in ammonium nitrogen (NH4) and dissolved orthophosphate (PO4) in the last 22-mile river reach (i.e., navigation channel) during late summer low flow conditions. River discharge is inversely related to the magnitude of the longitudinal change in DO, phytoplankton biomass, NH4 and PO4, indicating that the late summer low flow hydrodynamics in the navigation channel with a longer residence time, deeper water and slower velocity provide an extended opportunity for the biogeochemical reactions involving phytoplankton, DO and nutrients. Moreover, the ratio of the longitudinal decline in DO versus the longitudinal increase in NH4 is particularly close to the Redfield O:N ratio, suggesting that the decline in DO and increase in nutrients most likely result from the decomposition of phytoplankton detritus under aerobic conditions. This is further proved by the water quality modeling of the lower Minnesota River. The primary reasons for impaired water quality are substantially elevated sediment oxygen consumption and nutrient release derived from the decomposition of settled phytoplankton detritus in the navigation channel. Therefore, we recommend that active prevention of abrupt phytoplankton blooms and collapses through regulation of river discharge and local hydrodynamics may assist in maintaining acceptable water quality in eutrophic rivers with a high level of phytoplankton biomass.
1407-P: Laboratory Glycemic Markers vs. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) for Prediction of Neonatal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy—An Ancillary Study of the CONCEPTT Trial

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in pregnancy is associated with increased neonatal morbidity, which improves with optimal glycemic control. Aim: To compare lab and CGM glucose summary measures as predictors of neonatal outcomes in T1D pregnancy. Methods: 225 CONCEPTT participants had 6-day CGM and blood analysis of glycemic markers in 1st trimester, 24 and 34 weeks (Average glucose; % time in target 63-140 mg/dl, coefficient of variation (CV)); HbA1c; glycated CD59 (gCD59); 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG); glycated albumin). Outcomes: large for gestational age (LGA), neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Statistics: Unadjusted logistic regression. Results: All glucose summary measures excluding CV predicted neonatal outcomes (Table). Glycemic control at all timepoints from 1st trimester was important for LGA, but emerged later for NH (24 and 34 weeks) and NICU (mainly 24 weeks). Both CGM time in target and average glucose and lab markers HbA1c, 1,5AG and gCD59 predicted all three outcomes studied. Time in target was the best CGM predictor. The best lab predictors were HbA1c, 1,5AG and gCD59. HbA1c was the strongest predictor of LGA and NH, but only predicted NICU admission late in pregnancy. Conclusions: In women with T1D, both CGM and lab glucose summary measures can predict neonatal outcomes from 1st trimester. Disclosure C.L. Meek: None. D. Tundidor: None. H.R. Murphy: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. J.M. Yamamoto: None. E.M. Scott: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company. D. Ma: None. J. Halperin: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Mellitus, LLC. D. Feig: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Medtronic. R. Corcoy: None. Funding JDRF; Canadian Clinical Trials Network; National Institute for Health Research; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes/Sanofi; Diabetes UK (17/0005712 to C.L.M.); Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation; GlycoMark, Inc.
Most Common Patient Hair Questions and Answers

Patients often have a number of questions regarding changes in their hair. This chapter contains the most common questions patients ask as well as the answers to these questions. The chapter discusses basic information about hair growth and loss; age-related hair problems; effect of nutrition and lifestyle choices on hair; specific diagnoses including androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, cicatricial alopecia, and seborrheic dermatitis; and, finally, common treatment questions.
Yield Surfaces in the Stress-Temperature Space Generated by Thermal Loading

Abstract In the stress—temperature space, σ—√3τ—T, pure cyclic thermal loading is used to generate subsequent yield surfaces and their motion for a pure aluminum specimen. The results indicate that the hardening law proposed by the senior author is valid, that there exists a temperature at which the width of the yield curve is zero, and that the concept of yield and loading surfaces is correct.
Frailty Phenotype and Cause-Specific Mortality in the United States.

Background Frailty is a common condition among older adults increasing risk of adverse outcomes including mortality; however, little is known about the incidence or risk of specific causes of death among frail individuals. Methods Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2004-2012), linked to underlying cause-of-death information from the National Death Index (NDI). Community-dwelling HRS participants aged 65 and older who completed a general health interview and physical measurements (n = 10,490) were included in analysis. Frailty was measured using phenotypic model criteria-exhaustion, low weight, low energy expenditure, slow gait, and weakness. Underlying causes of death were determined using International Classification of Diseases, Version 10 codes. We used Cox proportional hazards and competing risks regression models to calculate and compare incidence of cause-specific mortality by frailty status. Results During follow-up, prefrail and frail older adults had significantly greater hazard of all-cause mortality compared to individuals without symptoms (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] prefrail: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.25; HR frail: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.14, 3.53). Frailty was associated with 2.96 (95% CI: 2.17, 4.03), 2.82 (95% CI: 2.02, 3.94), 3.48 (95% CI: 2.17, 5.59), and 2.87 (95% CI: 1.47, 5.59) times greater hazard of death from heart disease, cancer, respiratory illness, and dementia, respectively. Conclusions Significantly greater risk of mortality from several different causes should be considered alongside the potential costs of screening and intervention for frailty in subspecialty and general geriatric clinical practice. Findings may help investigators estimate the potential impact of frailty reduction approaches on mortality.
Beyond “Sex Work”: Japanese Night Work and “Shakai-Keiken”

This article rethinks the hegemonic “sex-work” discourses—popular sex-work discourse and radical-feminist discourse—that associate Japanese night work with prostitution and consider young women workers in this industry as victims. These discourses reinforce sex-work oppression–empowerment paradigms, which limit workers’ experiences to either oppressive/empowering, good/bad, and positive/negative. This research draws on transnational feminism and a polymorphous approach to the complex nature of sex work. In doing so, this article addresses three aspects of Japanese night work, including young Japanese women’s motivation to go into night work, their conceptualization of work they engage in, and shakai-keiken (social experience) that they gain out of doing night work. This article encourages readers to step away from dominant Western discourses and look closely at the nuanced nature of Japanese night work in its own context.
Engineering of a Brighter Variant of the FusionRed Fluorescent Protein Using Lifetime Flow Cytometry and Structure-Guided Mutations

The development of fluorescent proteins (FPs) has revolutionized biological imaging. FusionRed, a monomeric red FP (RFP), is known for its low cytotoxicity and correct localization of target fusion...
Marital status, partner acknowledgment of paternity, and neighborhood influences on smoking during first pregnancy: findings across race/ethnicity in linked administrative and census data.

Abstract Background Improving prediction of cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP), including differences by race/ethnicity and geography, is necessary for interventions to achieve greater and more equitable SDP reductions. Methods Using individual-level data on singleton first births, 2010-2017 (N = 182,894), in a US state with high SDP rates, we predicted SDP risk as a function of reproductive partner relationship (marital status, paternity acknowledgement), maternal and residential census tract sociodemographics, and census tract five-year SDP rate. Results SDP prevalence was 12.7% (white non-Hispanics, WNH), 6.8% (Black/African Americans, AA), 19.5% (Native American, NA), 4.7% (Hispanic, H), and 2.8% (Asian, AS). In WNH and AA, with similar trends in other groups, after adjustment for non-linear effects of maternal age and education and for census tract risk-factors, there was a consistent risk-ordering of SDP rates by reproductive partner relationship: married/with paternity acknowledged Conclusions Inattention to differences by race/ethnicity may obscure SDP risk factors. Despite marked race/ethnic differences in unmarried-partner cohabitation rates, failure to acknowledge paternity emerged as an important and consistent risk-predictor. Census-tract five-year SDP rates have heterogeneous origins, but the association of AA SDP risk with increased racial heterogeneity suggests an important influence of neighbor risk behaviors.
Influence of multifluorophenyloxy terminus on the mesomorphism of the alkoxy and alkyl cyanobiphenyl compounds in search of new ambient nematic liquid crystals and mixtures

A series of cyanobiphenyl (CB) and cyano-p-terphenyl (CT) derivatives containing a variety of highly fluorinated aryloxyl termini and different connecting bridges were efficiently synthesized via a...
Evaluating Short-term Forecast among Different Epidemiological Models under a Bayesian Framework

Abstract Forecasting of COVID-19 daily confirmed cases has been one of the several challenges posed on the governments and health sectors on a global scale. To facilitate informed public health decisions, the concerned parties rely on short-term daily projections generated via predictive modeling. We calibrate stochastic variants of growth models and the standard SIR model into one Bayesian framework to evaluate their short-term forecasts. In summary, it was noted that none of the models proved to be golden standards across all the regions in their entirety, while all outperformed ARIMA in a predictive capacity as well as in terms of interpretability.
Virtual optimization of guideline‐directed medical therapy in hospitalized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the IMPLEMENT‐HF pilot study

AIMS Implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains incomplete. Non-cardiovascular hospitalization may present opportunities for GDMT optimization. We assessed the efficacy and durability of a virtual, multidisciplinary 'GDMT Team' on medical therapy prescription for HFrEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive hospitalizations in patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction ≤40%) were prospectively identified from 3 February to 1 March 2020 (usual care group) and 2 March to 28 August 2020 (intervention group). Patients with critical illness, de novo heart failure, and systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the preceeding 24 hs prior to enrollment were excluded. In the intervention group, a pharmacist-physician GDMT Team provided optimization suggestions to treating teams based on an evidence-based algorithm. The primary outcome was a GDMT optimization score, the sum of positive (+1 for new initiations or up-titrations) and negative therapeutic changes (-1 for discontinuations or down-titrations) at hospital discharge. Serious in-hospital safety events were assessed. Among 278 consecutive encounters with HFrEF, 118 met eligibility criteria; 29 (25%) received usual care and 89 (75%) received the GDMT Team intervention. Among usual care encounters, there were no changes in GDMT prescription during hospitalization. In the intervention group, β-blocker (72% to 88%; P = 0.01), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (6% to 17%; P = 0.03), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (16% to 29%; P = 0.05), and triple therapy (9% to 26%; P < 0.01) prescriptions increased during hospitalization. After adjustment for clinically relevant covariates, the GDMT Team was associated with an increase in GDMT optimization score (+0.58; 95% confidence interval +0.09 to +1.07; P = 0.02). There were no serious in-hospital adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Non-cardiovascular hospitalizations are a potentially safe and effective setting for GDMT optimization. A virtual GDMT Team was associated with improved heart failure therapeutic optimization. This implementation strategy warrants testing in a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Chronic electrical stimulation reduces reliance on anaerobic metabolism in locust jumping muscle.

Abstract Chronic electrical stimulation (CES) is a well-documented method for changing mammalian muscle from more fast-twitch to slow-twitch metabolic and contractile profiles. Although both mammalian and insect muscles have many similar anatomical and physiological properties, it is unknown if CES produces similar muscle plasticity changes in insects. To test this idea, we separated Schistocerca americana grasshoppers into two groups (n = 37 to 47): one that was subjected to CES for 180 min each day for five consecutive days and one group that was not. Each group was then electrically stimulated for a single time period (0, 5, 30, 60, or 180 min) before measuring jumping muscle lactate, a characteristic of fast-twitch type fibers. At each time point, CES led to a significantly reduced jumping muscle lactate concentration. Based on similar short-term CES mammalian studies, the reduction in lactate production was most likely due to a reduced reliance on anaerobic metabolism. Thus, longer stimulation periods should result in greater aerobic enzymatic activities, altered myosin ATPase, and shift fiber types. This is the first study to use electrical stimulation to explore insect muscle plasticity and our results show that grasshopper jumping muscle responds similarly to mammalian muscle.
Policy Implications of Non-Linear Effects of Tax Changes on Output

In an earlier paper, titled "Non-linear effects of tax changes on output: The role of the initial level of taxation," we estimated tax multipliers using (i) a novel dataset on value-added taxes for 51 countries (21 industrial and 30 developing) for the period 1970-2014, and (ii) the so-called narrative approach developed by Romer and Romer (2010) to properly identify exogenous tax changes. The main finding is that, in line with existing theoretical distortionary and disincentive-based arguments, the effect of tax changes on output is highly non-linear. The tax multiplier is essentially zero under relatively low/moderate initial tax rate levels and more negative as the initial tax rate and the size of the change in the tax rate increase. This companion paper first shows that these findings have important policy implications, given that the initial level of taxes varies greatly across countries and thus so will the potential output effect of changing tax rates. The paper then turns to some specific policy applications. It focuses on the relevance of the arguments for revenue mobilization in countries with low levels of provision of public goods and social and infrastructure gaps, as well as in commodity-dependent countries. The paper then considers some practical implications for the standard debt sustainability analysis. Lastly, it evaluates the implications of the findings for the Laffer curve. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Space, Scale, and the Global Oil Assemblage: Commodity Frontiers in Resource Peripheries

The purpose of this chapter is to make use of this expansive notion of extraction to explore the multi-scalar aspects—the socially produced space—of the oil and gas in resource peripheries. The scope of such a task is of course vast. As a consequence, my focus is a limited and rather unusual entry point into the global oil assemblage, namely oil theft (sometimes rereferred to as illicit bunkering). My goal is to use the illicit underbelly of planetary oil and gas as a way of exploring how scales are produced, how they intersect and overlap, and the tensions and politics associated with particular scales and with scale colliding or overlapping. In this story, the (petro) state figures centrally: not only in terms of the state itself as a sociospatial configuration engaged in the production of ‘matrices of social space’ that enable the extension of power and control and enabling the circulation of oil capital but also in terms of the rescaling of state territorial power that undergirds, and drives, globalization of the oil industry. The illicit aspects of the global value chain shed considerable light on how the operations of the oil assemblage entail a reconfiguration and re-territorialization of superimposed spatial scales, and not as a mono-directional implosion of global forces into sub-global realms; the relation between global, state-level and urban-regional processes can no longer be conceived as one that obtains among mutually exclusive levels of analysis or forces. The multi-scalar operations of the oil and gas assemblage—what is typically seen as the largely smoothly running global supply chains—exposes how the licit and illicit, the regulated and unregulated, and the ordered and disordered are operating together in tandem and often through the same mechanisms, infrastructure, and channels. Scale is multiple, overlapping, and often clashing replete with their own political orders and forms of authority. These are the circulation struggles—the imperatives to control place, space, and territory and what moves through and across it—which do not produce a clean logistical space, a well-ordered supply chain in which place has been thinned out or eviscerated. Quite the reverse. Forces of calculability and order fulfill “disorderly” functions and vice versa. They are organically and dialectically related and constituted. Logistical and infrastructural orders can be and regularly are disrupted, blocked, diverted, and appropriated in novel and creative ways, and all of this points to the co-production of logistical and political orders. Making things move and circulate is both an expression of power while constructing and depending upon systems of public and private authority.
Translational Development and Testing of Theranostics in Combination with Immunotherapies

Theranostic-targeted radionuclide therapies (TRT) and immunotherapies are two growing categories of cancer treatments. While each of these has been employed in the treatment of malignancy for decades, they both have a growing footprint in contemporary cancer care. Despite such increasingly prominent roles, few preclinical or clinical studies have evaluated the potential therapeutic interaction between TRT and immunotherapies. Here, we discuss the rationale for developing and testing combined modality treatment approaches using these categories of cancer treatments. We highlight the current understanding of the immunogenic effects of radiation on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment and review the preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated combinations of TRT and immunotherapies. Numerous challenges emerge in these studies, and we discuss these along with approaches to overcome these limitations in future studies that seek to advance mechanistic understanding and optimization of the therapeutic interaction between TRT and immunotherapies.
Basis set effects in ab initio studies of sulfur trioxide–water complexes

Abstract Sulfur trioxide–water complexes containing one to three water molecules have been investigated using ab initio methods with basis sets up to 6-311++G(2df,2pd). The transition states for conversion of the sulfur trioxide–water complexes to sulfuric acid and water molecules have been also studied. Binding and activation energies have been determined for the systems at the MP2 and QCISD levels, with single point energy corrections included at the MP4 and QCISD(T) levels of theory. Significant basis set effects are observed in the equilibrium geometries of the sulfur trioxide–water complexes and transition states. While the binding energies of the sulfur trioxide–water complexes are relatively insensitive to basis set and level of theory, the activation energies for conversion of the sulfur trioxide–water complexes to sulfuric acid and water exhibit a large drop as the basis set is increased. The large lowering of the activation barriers as a function of basis set leads to significantly increased rates of reaction compared to previous predictions. Furthermore, for reactions of sulfur trioxide with two water molecules, the SO 3 ·H 2 O+H 2 O reaction is predicted to be favored over the SO 3 +(H 2 O) 2 reaction.
BENDING VIBRATIONS OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH AN INTERNAL LIQUID HAVING A FREE SURFACE

Resonant bending frequencies and mode shapes for thin, circular cylindrical shell containing an internal liquid with a free surface
Structure and Stability of Patterned Self-Assembled Films of Octadecyltrichlorosilane Formed by Contact Printing

The structures of thin films of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) formed by contact printing and adsorption from solution on Al and SiO2/Si surfaces have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structures of the OTS films were found to be strongly influenced by the method of preparation used. The films formed by contact printing for 30 s with an OTS “ink” are composed of close-packed, predominantly all-trans alkyl chains aligned nearly perpendicular to the surface, while films formed by adsorption of OTS for 30 s from a solution of comparable concentration are made up of sparsely adsorbed and more randomly oriented chains. Large changes in the film structure (from conformationally disordered, poorly oriented to well-packed, highly oriented hydrocarbon chains) were observed as the reaction time was increased for samples prepared by immersion in an O...
Ready or Not, Here It Comes: The Legal, Ethical, and Clinical Implications of E-mail Communications

Electronic mail (E-mail) has the potential to enhance the professional relationship both between physician and patient, and among physicians of the same and different specialties. Despite this promise, E-mail communication in the medical environment raises important questions of legal, ethical, and professional propriety. This article discusses the potential uses of E-mail in medical practice, identifies its benefits, and analyzes the hazards that may be associated with this new and powerful technology. In doing so, the authors hope to foster an approach to E-mail use that takes advantage of its strengths while developing policies and practices that mitigate its weaknesses.
Effect of the BXSB Y chromosome accelerating gene on autoantibody production.

Abstract The Y chromosome of the BXSB mouse is able to accelerate and adversely alter the autoimmune disease of inbred BXSB mice and in male F1 hybrids. In order to further study the effects of the BXSB Y chromosome, we developed three inbred congenic strains, each bearing the BXSB Y: CBA J.BXSB-Y , NZW.BXSB-Y, and NZB.BXSB-Y. The BXSB Y did not induce anti-DNA or anti-red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies in either CBA J or NZW congenic strains. Thus, it is an accelerating rather than an inducing factor. NZB.BXSB-Y congenic mice had accelerated anti-RBC but not anti-DNA. Studies of recombinant inbred by BXSB F1 mice indicated that the BXSB Y did not act to promote the activity of the NZB gene underlying anti-DNA. These and studies of (BXSB × NZB.BXSB-Y) F1 mice suggested that BXSB autosomal genes are required for the full anti-DNA accelerating activity of the BXSB Y. These mice provide a basis for future molecular genetic studies of the BXSB Y.
The effect of the increasing prevalence of maternal obesity on perinatal morbidity

Abstract Objective: In this study, we assessed the temporal trends and relative and attributable perinatal risks of maternal obesity over a 20-year period. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 1980 and 1999 by using a computerized perinatal database of all women who received prenatal care and delivered their infants within a regional health care system. The main outcome measures were as follows: (1) annual mean body weight and the percentage of women classified as obese at the first prenatal visit (primary definition ≥200 lb; secondary definitions ≥250 lb, ≥300 lb, body mass index >29 kg/m 2 ); and (2) relative and attributable risks of obesity for selected maternal and perinatal morbidities in successive 5-year periods. Results: From 1980 to 1999, the mean maternal weight of women at the first prenatal visit increased 20% (144-172 lb), as did the percentage of women ≥200 lb (7.3-24.4), the percentage ≥250 lb (1.9-10.7), the percentage ≥300 lb (0.5-4.9), and the percentage with a body mass index >29 kg/m 2 (16.3-36.4), P 90th percentile) for gestational age infants (range, 1.8-2.2). From the earliest 5-year period (1980-1984) to the most recent (1995-1999), the percentage of obesity-attributable cesarean deliveries more than tripled from 3.9 to 11.6. Similar percentage increases were observed for the obesity-attributable risks for gestational diabetes (12.8-29.6) and large for gestational age infants (6.5-19.1). Trends for secondary obesity definitions were similar, although the magnitude of the increased attributable risks was smaller. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce the frequency of certain perinatal morbidities will be constrained unless effective measures to prevent, or limit the risks of, maternal obesity are developed and implemented. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 845-9.)
Computer retrieval of epidemiological data.

Clinical and epidemiological data collected on all school children born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in the years 1950 to 1960 were punched on Hollerith cards using multiple punches in a single column and arbitrary codes between columns to permit mechanical card sorting of a deck of single cards. By means of a machine language program, these cards were translated into strictly numerical magnetic tape images compatible with digital computer processing. The data were made accessible for multivariate analysis of the role of physical and socioeconomic factors on the school performance of the children using the Fortran language. This analysis was facilitated by means of a computer-generated scatter diagram displaying the nature of joint frequency distributions among the variables.
Knockout of the transcription factor Nrf2 disrupts spermatogenesis in an age-dependent manner

Oxidative stress occurs when generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress has been associated with male infertility. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulates basal and inducible transcription of genes encoding enzymes important for protection against ROS. We hypothesized that deletion of the Nrf2 gene causes testicular and epididymal oxidative stress, which disrupts spermatogenesis. Our results show that male Nrf2(-/-) mice have decreased fertility compared to wild-type and heterozygous littermates, due to accumulating seminiferous tubule damage with increasing age. Testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm counts, and epididymal sperm motility in 2-month-old Nrf2(-/-) males did not differ from those of wild-type littermates; however, by age 6 months, Nrf2(-/-) males had 44% lower testicular sperm head counts, 65% lower epididymal sperm counts, and 66% lower epididymal sperm motility than wild-type males. Two- to 4-month-old Nrf2(-/-) males had elevated levels of testicular and epididymal lipid peroxidation and testicular germ cell apoptosis, and decreased levels of antioxidants, compared to wild-type males. These results provide evidence that oxidative stress has deleterious effects on the testis and epididymis and demonstrate a critical role for the transcription factor NRF2 in preventing oxidative disruption of spermatogenesis.
The Representation of Theatricality in Philo's Embassy to Gaius

In this paper I argue that Philo's Embassy to Gaius makes use of the literary paradigm of theatricality, a strategy of representation marked by the portrayal of multiple and competing discourses amongst those in unequal relations of power, as well as an emphasis on the arts of acting and discernment. The Embassy marks an appearance of the theatrical paradigm which is earlier than its use by Tacitus, whose portrayal of Nero in the Annals Shadi Bartsch has seen as the harbinger of this theme in Roman historiography.
Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions: Five Practices for Helping Teachers Move Beyond Show and Tell

Teachers who attempt to use inquiry-based, student-centered instructional tasks face challenges that go beyond identifying well-designed tasks and setting them up appropriately in the classroom. Because solution paths are usually not specified for these kinds of tasks, students tend to approach them in unique and sometimes unanticipated ways. Teachers must not only strive to understand how students are making sense of the task but also begin to align students' disparate ideas and approaches with canonical understandings about the nature of mathematics. Research suggests that this is difficult for most teachers (Ball, 1993, 2001; Leinhardt & Steele, 2005; Schoenfeld, 1998; Sherin, 2002). In this article, we present a pedagogical model that specifies five key practices teachers can learn to use student responses to such tasks more effectively in discussions: anticipating, monitoring, selecting, sequencing, and making connections between student responses. We first define each practice, showing how a typical...