cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiologic comparison of forward and reverse wheelchair propulsion

Salvi FJ, Hoffman MD, Sabharwal S, Clifford PS. Physiologic comparison of forward and reverse wheelchair propulsion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:36-40. Objectives: Conventional wheelchair propulsion is physio- logically demanding because of the small muscle mass that is used and the low mechanical efficiency of the movement. Previ- ous research has suggested that a reverse wheeling technique might be more economical than conventional forward wheeling. The present study sought to compare the physiologic demands of forward and reverse wheeling techniques. Design: A repeated measures design was used to compare the dependent variables between forward and reverse wheeling techniques in the same subjects. Setting: Human exercise research laboratory. Participants: Ten able-bodied men. Intervention: Subjects completed graded, discontinuous ex- ercise tests on a wheelchair ergometer, using both forward and reverse wheeling techniques. Main Outcome Measures: Oxygen uptake (Vo2), ventilation (VE), and heart rate were measured during the last 30 seconds of each 3-minute exercise stage. Blood lactate concentration ((La)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined immediately after each stage. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance demon- strated that X)o2, VE, heart rate, (La), and RPE were all signifi- cantly greater (p < .05) with reverse wheeling compared with forward wheeling. ~/o2 values with reverse wheeling averaged 9% higher than forward wheeling at identical power outputs. Conclusions: Reverse wheelchair propulsion is physiologi- cally more demanding than conventional forward wheelchair propulsion and does not appear to offer potential for improving the economy of wheelchair propulsion. © )998 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabili- tation
Collaboration services: ensuring operational success

Collaboration services promise to improve the engagement and effectiveness of humans across geospatial, temporal, and organizational boundaries. However, there also are many examples of collaboration failures. After a brief introduction to collaboration services, this tutorial will describe several successful deployments of state-of-the-art collaboration environments and exemplify and demonstrate the use of collaboration services to enhance human activities. We will summarize key lessons learned and report a generalized process to increase the likelihood of successful collaboration. The tutorial lasts a full day and is primarily a lecture with video demonstrations. An on-line version of the tutorial will be made accessible at http://itc.mitre.org.
Dual-output port widely tunable fiber laser based on a SOA dual sagnac loop mirror configuration

Widely tunable (30 nm) fiber laser based on a dual Sagnac loop mirror configuration is demonstrated. Dual output port operation is accomplished by proper adjustment of the loop mirror reflectivity allowing for +9 dBm output power.
Development of a porcine brain cDNA library, EST database, and microarray resource.

Recent developments in expressed sequence tag (EST) and cDNA microarray technology have had a dramatic impact on the ability of scientists to study responses of thousands of genes to internal and e...
Loss of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression disrupts urothelial differentiation

Objectives—Urothelial differentiation is essential for the maintenance of urinary bladder function. We explored expression and function of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) during urothelial differentiation. Methods—Expression of PGDH was evaluated by Northern and Western blotting and immunostaining in human urothelial cultures, cell lines and tissues. Enzymatic function was determined using enyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Small inhibitory ribonucleic acids were used to inhibit PGDH expression in human bladder cancer cells. Results—PGDH messenger ribonucleic acid was increased in an in vitro model of human urothelial differentiation by Northern blotting. Western blotting of human bladder cancer cell lines showed expression in the well-differentiated RT4 cells, and no expression in poorly-differentiated UC3 cells. Immunostaining showed that PGDH expression increased with differentiation in normal bladder urothelium. The enzyme is functional in the well-differentiated RT4 human bladder cancer cell line. Inhibition of PGDH expression results in disruption of E-cadherin expression at cell-cell contacts in well-differentiated RT4 bladder cancer cells. Conclusions—These studies indicate that PGDH expression is associated with urothelial differentiation, and loss of PGDH expression results in disruption of urothelial differentiation.
Evaluation of approximate entropy for separation of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

Distinction of cardiac arrhythmias remains a critical problem with the advent of various automated medical devices, both implantable and external. This study focuses on the use of a classic measure of heart rate variability called approximate entropy for quantifying the amount of morphologic regularity in ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
Numerical scheme of magnetic monopoles

In this paper, we present a numerical method to compute the 't Hooft-Polyakov static magnetic monopoles as an asymptotic limit of a coupled system of evolution equations. An efficient numerical scheme and its results will be presented.
Understanding dynamic availability risk of critical materials: The role and evolution of market analysis and modeling

Over the last decade, our understanding regarding the nature and drivers of criticality risk has matured significantly. We review modeling efforts to date, specific to evaluation of future material availability, and identify research gaps. Many advanced energy technologies are fundamentally “materials-dependent”; they are enabled directly by, or designed around, a particular material or materials. Society’s acute dependence on materials has increased in recent years as these technologies tap into an ever broader range of the periodic table and, therefore, into a broader set of underdeveloped and complex supply chains. Ultimately, concern around the supply of materials strategic to energy and security interests has led to the development of a range of systems used to assess criticality—the confluence of vulnerability and risk. Concerning the assessment of criticality risk, this review accomplishes two primary goals. First, through a review of several broad assessments of criticality metrics, we identify those metrics that incorporate assessment of future production and consumption. We review the methods that have been applied to project production and consumption along two axes, one around degree of detail or granularity pursued by the model and the second around the degree to which market function is modeled endogenously. Regarding the second, material projection methods can be broadly classified as (a) those which project material flows only and (b) those which use market modeling to explicitly simulate (endogenously) the associated economic behavior and its implication on material flows.
Dexamethasone enhances accumulation of cholesteryl esters by human macrophages

The effects of dexamethasone on lipid accumulation by human monocyte-derived macrophages were investigated. Preincubation of macrophages with dexamethasone for a period of 16-20 h resulted in a reproducible increase (3.5-fold) in the incorporation of oleate into cholesteryl esters. The effect was specific because no alterations were observed in oleate incorporation into triglycerides or phospholipids. Measurement of cellular cholesteryl esters indicated a fourfold increase after preincubation with dexamethasone. This increase was mediated by opposite effects on synthesis and breakdown of these lipids. Dexamethasone produced a 60% increase in activity of the enzyme acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT), active in synthesis of cholesteryl esters, and a 40% decrease in that of neutral cholesteryl esterase, active in cholesteryl ester breakdown. The increased ACAT activity appeared to reflect increased mRNA for the enzyme. The effects of dexamethasone on cholesteryl ester accumulation by macrophages reached statistical significance at a concentration of 100 nM. They were dose dependent, and saturation was observed at around 1 microM. The effects were significant at low concentrations of cholesterol in the medium. At high-medium cholesterol, there was a large cholesterol-induced increase in ACAT activity that obscured most of the effect of dexamethasone. In general, the data suggest that high glucocorticoid levels enhance lipid accumulation by macrophages and thus would have an atherogenic action that is independent of serum cholesterol.
Chains over cycles are selected by computer software optimization in the kidney paired donation program

Aim Failure to convert computer-identified possible exchanges into transplants limits Kidney Paired Donation (KPD) program. We have analyzed the efficiency of simultaneous closed loop exchanges (cycles) vs. non-simultaneous extended altruistic donor (NEAD) chains in generating KPD transplants. Methods/results The Alliance for Paired Donation (APD) utilizes an optimization algorithm selecting cycles or chains. All chains are initiated by a non-directed donor (NDD) and end with a bridge donor, who enters back into the pool. This bridge donor can then initiate another NEAD chain. Computer-generated potential cycles and NEAD chains are presented to transplant centers for review as formal offers. We tracked the progress in moving from offers to completed transplants to calculate the success rate. Between 2007 and 2014 the APD performed 225 transplants: 194 within the APD and 31 in collaboration with other KPD programs. Of the 194 APD transplants, 61 (31.4%) were performed through cycles (Fig. 1a) and 133 through NEAD chains (68.6%; Fig. 1b), showing that chains were two times more successful than cycles. The APD made 447 offers to transplant centers, of which 173 (38.7%) were cycles and 274 (61.3%) were chains. Consequently, the success rate of cycles was 14.5%, chains was 26.6%, while the overall success rate of 21.9%. Conclusions Although chains were not actively sought over cycles, the results showed that chains were preferentially found by the optimization algorithm and more successfully progressed to completed transplants than cycles. Thus, the concept of a bridge-donor introduces significant flexibility in generating transplants. We propose that NEAD chains are the most effective tool to increase the efficiency in KPD programs. Download : Download full-size image
De Novo-designed enzymes as small-molecule-regulated fluorescence imaging tags and fluorescent reporters

Enzyme-based tags attached to a protein-of-interest (POI) that react with a small molecule, rendering the conjugate fluorescent, are very useful for studying the POI in living cells. These tags are typically based on endogenous enzymes, so protein engineering is required to ensure that the small-molecule probe does not react with the endogenous enzyme in the cell of interest. Here we demonstrate that de novo-designed enzymes can be used as tags to attach to POIs. The inherent bioorthogonality of the de novo-designed enzyme–small-molecule probe reaction circumvents the need for protein engineering, since these enzyme activities are not present in living organisms. Herein, we transform a family of de novo-designed retroaldolases into variable-molecular-weight tags exhibiting fluorescence imaging, reporter, and electrophoresis applications that are regulated by tailored, reactive small-molecule fluorophores.
Fluid-dynamic mechanisms leading to the self-induced oscillations of LARR wings

This paper concentrates on the self-induced roll oscillations experienced by low-aspect-ratio rectangular (LARR) wings, aspect ratios less than 0.55, at angles of attack greater than 20 deg and the fluid dynamic mechanisms which produce these motions. The results of wind-tunnel testing show that the self-induced roll oscillations occur due to two different fluid dynamic mechanisms: one for alpha less than 45 deg and one for alpha equal to or greater than 45 deg. For alpha less than 45, the self-induced motions seem to be triggered by an interaction of the leading and side-edge vortices at the forward leading and side-edge corner. Once the wing is displaced from its only stable trim point, at phi = 0 deg, a lag in the dynamic position of the side-edge vortices provides the necessary energy exchange to build and drive the motion. For alpha equal to or greater than 45 deg, the self-induced motions seem to be triggered by a loss of the leading-edge vortex. Force-balance test results have shown that this produces a condition of negative damping and accompanying static roll-stability; hence, any flowfield irregularity will trigger the self-induced oscillations. (Author)
Role of Cytochrome P450s in Inflammation

Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and hydroxylases play a regulatory role in the activation and suppression of inflammation by generating or metabolizing bioactive mediators. CYP2C and CYP2J epoxygenases convert arachidonic acid to anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, which have protective effects in a variety of disorders including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. CYP4A and CYP4F hydroxylases have the ability to metabolize multiple substrates related to the regulation of inflammation and lipid homeostasis, and it is a challenge to determine which substrates are physiologically relevant for each enzyme; the best-characterized activities include generation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and inactivation of leukotriene B4. The expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s is modulated by cytokines during inflammation, resulting in changes to the pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications. Cytochrome P450s are therefore the focus of intersecting challenges in the pharmacology of inflammation: not only do they represent targets for development of new anti-inflammatory drugs but they also contribute to variability in drug efficacy or toxicity in inflammatory disease. Animal models and primary hepatocytes have been used extensively to study the effects of cytokines on cytochrome P450 expression and activity. However, it is difficult to predict changes in drug exposure in patients because the response to inflammation varies depending on the disease state, its time course, and the cytochrome P450 involved. In these circumstances, the development of endogenous markers of cytochrome P450 metabolism might provide a useful tool to reevaluate drug dosage and choice of therapy.
System-on-Chip-Challenges in the Deep-Sub-Micron Era

Continued scaling of semiconductor technology has created hopes for true system-on-a-chip integration; that is, the integration of a complete system on a single die of silicon. Yet, this prospect is seriously challenged by cost considerations. Solutions that maximize flexibility and re-use may be the only way to address the cost concerns, but necessitate offsetting the energy and performance penalty that comes with software solutions through an aggressive use of concurrency. A truly network-based solution is the only option to resolve the many issues that come with massive parallelism such as reliability, robustness, synchronization, and power management. This chapter presents an insight in some of the approaches and methodologies that are currently under development at the Gigascale Systems Research Center [GSRC].
Cultural Adaptations of the "Strengthening Families Programme 10-14" in the US Pacific Northwest: A Qualitative Evaluation.

Objective:Most reports of adaptations to evidence-based prevention programmes for delivery to specific cultural groups describe formal adaptation procedures. In this paper, we report on how practitioners identify and manage issues of perceived cultural mismatch when delivering a scripted, evidence-based intervention.Design:We used grounded systems theory methodology to plan, conduct and interpret facilitator narratives.Method:Interviews and focus groups with 16 facilitators who delivered the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14, a widely disseminated intervention targeting families with young adolescents, to Latino and American Indian families in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA.Setting:Interviews and focus groups were conducted at programme facilitators’ worksites or other location of their choice.Results:Facilitators described important cultural adaptations related to programme format and timing, family composition and dynamics, acculturation challenges and language. Nearly all adaptations repo...
Oscillatory Marangoni flows with inertia

When the surface of a liquid has a non-uniform distribution of a surfactant that lowers surface tension, the resulting variation in surface tension drives a flow that spreads the surfactant towards a uniform distribution. We study the spreading dynamics of an insoluble and non-diffusing surfactant on an initially motionless liquid. We derive solutions for the evolution over time of sinusoidal variations in surfactant concentration with a small initial amplitude relative to the average concentration. In this limit, the coupled flow and surfactant transport equations are linear. In contrast to exponential decay when the inertia of the flow is negligible, the solution for unsteady Stokes flow exhibits oscillations when inertia is sufficient to spread the surfactant beyond a uniform distribution. This oscillatory behaviour exhibits two properties that distinguish it from that of a simple harmonic oscillator: the amplitude changes sign at most three times, and the decay at late times follows a power law with an exponent of . As the surface oscillates, the structure of the subsurface flow alternates between one and two rows of counter-rotating vortices, starting with one row and ending with two during the late-time monotonic decay. We also examine numerically the evolution of the surfactant distribution when the system is nonlinear due to a large initial amplitude.
Role of End Binding Protein-1 in endothelial permeability response to barrier-disruptive and barrier-enhancing agonists

Rapid changes in microtubule (MT) polymerization dynamics affect regional activity of small GTPases RhoA and Rac1, which play a key role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and endothelial cell (EC) permeability. This study tested the role of End Binding Protein-1 (EB1) in the mechanisms of increased and decreased EC permeability caused by thrombin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and mediated by RhoA and Rac1 GTPases, respectively. Stimulation of human lung EC with thrombin inhibited peripheral MT growth, which was monitored by morphological and biochemical evaluation of peripheral MT and the levels of stabilized MT. In contrast, stimulation of EC with HGF promoted peripheral MT growth and protrusion of EB1-positive MT plus ends to the EC peripheral submembrane area. EB1 knockdown by small interfering RNA did not affect partial MT depolymerization, activation of Rho signaling, and permeability response to thrombin, but suppressed the HGF-induced endothelial barrier enhancement. EB1 knockdown suppressed HGF-induced activation of Rac1 and Rac1 cytoskeletal effectors cortactin and PAK1, impaired HGF-induced assembly of cortical cytoskeleton regulatory complex (WAVE-p21Arc-IQGAP1), and blocked HGF-induced enhancement of peripheral actin cytoskeleton and VE-cadherin-positive adherens junctions. Altogether, these data demonstrate a role for EB1 in coordination of MT-dependent barrier enhancement response to HGF, but show no involvement of EB1 in acute increase of EC permeability caused by the barrier disruptive agonist. The results suggest that increased peripheral EB1 distribution is a critical component of the Rac1-mediated pathway and peripheral cytoskeletal remodeling essential for agonist-induced EC barrier enhancement.
A new weighted Ostrowski type inequality on arbitrary time scale

Abstract In this paper, we prove a new weighted generalized Montgomery identity and then use it to obtain a weighted Ostrowski type inequality for parameter function on an arbitrary time scale. In addition, the real, discrete and quantum cases are considered.
Soliton-tuned difference-frequency-based midinfrared source

A source of picosecond mid-infrared pulses tunable from 9.7–14.9 µm based upon difference-frequency generation between 1.55 µm pulse and a self-frequency shifted soliton is presented. Timing jitter and intensity noise are characterized and discussed.
With a Tinge of Green: Mary Walters’ Cyphering Book, 1820

In 1820 Mary Walters was based in Baltimore, Maryland. She had emigrated from Ireland to North America and her cyphering book, prepared in 1820, provides evidence that in Maryland some Irish-heritage school teachers were responsible for engaging students in a form of mathematics education that had more than a tinge of green. Certainly, like all who followed the abbaco arithmetic curriculum, Mary was expected to learn how to add, subtract, multiply and divide counting numbers, and to apply elementary measurement principles in a range of everyday situations. When dealing with tasks involving the measurement of quantities, she needed to be able to change from one set of units to another. She also needed to learn to apply the direct rule of three in a wide range of real-life scenarios in which ratio and proportional thinking were needed. But the entries in Mary’s cyphering book also made it clear that her teacher(s) wanted her to inject herself into problem-based scenarios by which she would learn to apply elementary arithmetic principles to tasks concerned with human-interest, life-and-death situations which often generated emotions like jealousy, love, and desire. In particular, she was expected to appreciate the power of stories, poetry and song to convey interesting problem scenarios.
p66shc-mediated toxicity of high-dose α-tocopherol in renal proximal tubule cells

α-Tocopherol (TOC) is a widely used supplement known for its role as an antioxidant. Previously, we have shown that TOC elicits adaptive responses by upregulating the ERK/CREB/HO-1 pathway, which depends on its concentration in cultured renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs). This suggests that high-dose TOC (hTOC) may elicit adverse effects via inflicting oxidative stress. Since the pro-oxidant p66shc is a major mediator of oxidant injury in various models of renal toxicants, we tested the hypothesis that hTOC elicits renal toxicity through activation of p66shc and consequent oxidative stress. RPTCs (NRK52E) were treated with high-dose TOC (hTOC; 400 nM) in cells where expression or mitochondrial cytochrome c-binding of p66shc was manipulated by genetic means. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial depolarization, and cell viability was also determined. Additionally, activation of the pro-survival ERK/CREB/HO-1 signaling and the p66shc promoter was determined via reporter luciferase assays. hTOC decreased cell viability via increasing ROS-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and suppressing the pro-survival ERK/CREB/HO-1 pathway via transcriptional activation of p66shc. Conversely, either knockdown of p66shc, mutation of its mitochondrial cytochrome c-binding site, or overexpression of ERK or HO-1 ameliorated adverse effects of hTOC and restored the pro-survival signaling. The pro-oxidant p66shc plays dual role in toxicity of high-dose TOC: it provokes oxidative stress and suppresses adaptive responses.
Developing a Biorisk Management Program To Support Biorisk Management Culture

The past few decades have seen a consistent evolution of approaches to safety and security risk management across a diversity of industries. In their review of this evolution, a U.S. National Academies of Sciences panel reviewing safety culture in academic chemistry laboratories (1) summarized, from safety science literature, three “epochs” that arose in response to accidents: (i) technology, (ii) systems, and (iii) culture.
Sovereign Wealth Funds: The False Promise of Transparency

SWFs manage large financial assets of sovereign states across borders. The structure and objectives of these funds are poorly understood. Drawing conclusions about the intentions of these funds only based on their level of transparency, however, can be misleading. Transparency or lack thereof is not necessarily a good measure to decide whether a fund has purely economic objectives, or it is politically motivated. This research looks at the world most transparent and least scrutinized SWF, i.e., Government Pension Fund – Global (GPF-Global) of Norway to show that the level of transparency by itself is not a good indicator of the objectives of the fund. In fact, GPF-Global has evolved from an economic-based fund to one that aligns itself with the Norwegian overall foreign policy by incorporating non-economic factors such as human rights violations or environmental concerns into its investment decision making.
In-Field Recovery of RF Circuits from Wearout Based Performance Degradation

Performance failure due to aging is an increasing concern for RF circuits. While most aging studies are focused on the concept of mean-time-to-failure, for analog circuits, aging results in continuous degradation in performance before it causes catastrophic failures. In this paper, we present a methodology for monitoring and recovering the performance of RF circuits in the field at little or no performance penalty. The proposed technique is based on two phases: During the design time, degradation profiles of the aged circuit are obtained through simulations. From these profiles, we identify reliability hotspots and focus on monitoring these components, and recovering from the effects of their aging. After deployment, an on-chip monitor circuit is periodically activated and its results are used to trigger the recovery mechanism if necessary. The recovery mechanism is designed to offset the degradation in the reliability hotspots to enhance the lifetime of the circuit. Lifetime is defined as the point where at least one specification of the circuit fails due to aging degradation. A Low noise amplifier (LNA) is fabricated as a case study to demonstrate that the lifetime can be enhanced by the proposed monitoring and recovery techniques.
In This Issue: Tools to Help Focus on What is Valuable.

This issue brings to light tools and techniques to help clinicians, patients, and policy makers focus on what is important amidst a cacophony of competing demands. The prioritizing function in primary care[1][1]–[3][2] is one of the underappreciated reasons why health care systems that support
Proximal-field radiation sensors

Proximal-Field Radiation Sensors (PFRS) are introduced as a new set of tools to enable extraction of far-field radiation properties of integrated antennas from the surface waves inside their dielectric substrates. These sensors allow self-characterization, self-calibration, and self-monitoring of the radiation performance for both printed circuit board (PCB) antennas and integrated circuit (IC) antennas without any need to additional test equipment. In this paper, we explain how these sensors can be implemented and demonstrate how the far-field radiation properties can be determined from them. A PCB prototype consisting of two transmitting patch antennas and four integrated PFRS antennas is fabricated and tested to verify the concept and demonstrate the implemented sensors' capabilities to capture the radiation properties such as gain pattern, radiated polarization, and the steering angle of the antenna array as a few examples of radiation sensors applications.
A prospective study comparing perioperative anxiety and posthospital behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder vs typically developing children undergoing outpatient surgery.

Background Research describing the experience of youth with autism spectrum disorders in the perioperative setting is limited. This study compared youth with autism spectrum disorder to typically developing children in the perioperative setting and examined group differences in: child anxiety, parent anxiety, premedication patterns, induction compliance, and changes in behavior postprocedure. Methods Participants were 60 youth (32 with autism spectrum disorder, 28 typically developing) of ages 2-19 years undergoing outpatient surgery and their parents. Parents and research assistants rated children's anxiety at 3 time points (waiting room, preoperative holding, separation), and parents rated their own anxiety in the waiting room and at separation. The anesthesiologist rated induction compliance. Postprocedure behavior change was assessed via phone survey 1 and 7 days postprocedure. Analyses examined group differences in anxiety, medication patterns, and behavior. Results Children with autism spectrum disorder had higher research assistant reported anxiety than typically developing youth in the holding room only. There were no group differences in parent report of their own anxiety or their child's anxiety across time points. Compared to typically developing youth, children with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to receive a premedication (including nonstandard premedication), and had poorer induction compliance. Groups did not differ on posthospital behavior change 1 or 7 days postsurgery. Conclusion Findings revealed ratings of anxiety in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder facing surgery varied by reporter and setting, highlighting the importance of using multiple reporters in research of youth with autism spectrum disorder in the perioperative period. Furthermore, while results showed group differences in premedication patterns and induction compliance, groups did not differ in level of negative behavior change after surgery. Future research can examine how individual differences in youth with autism impact anxiety in the perioperative setting and degree of behavior change postprocedure.
Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen delays plant innate immune recognition of Xylella fastidiosa

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are among the known pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). LPSs are potent elicitors of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), and bacteria have evolved intricate mechanisms to dampen PTI. Here we demonstrate that Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), a hemibiotrophic plant pathogenic bacterium, possesses a long chain O-antigen that enables it to delay initial plant recognition, thereby allowing it to effectively skirt initial elicitation of innate immunity and establish itself in the host. Lack of the O-antigen modifies plant perception of Xf and enables elicitation of hallmarks of PTI, such as ROS production specifically in the plant xylem tissue compartment, a tissue not traditionally considered a spatial location of PTI. To explore translational applications of our findings, we demonstrate that pre-treatment of plants with Xf LPS primes grapevine defenses to confer tolerance to Xf challenge.
Children Use Nonverbal Cues from an Adult to Evaluate Peers

What factors contribute to children's tendency to view individuals as having different traits and abilities? The present research tested whether young children are influenced by adults' nonverbal behaviors when making inferences about peers. In Study 1, participants (5-6 years) viewed multiple videos of interactions between a 'teacher' and two 'students;' all individuals were unfamiliar to participants. In each clip, the students behaved similarly, but the teacher did not: She either smiled, nodded, touched, or shook her head at one student, and looked at the other student with a neutral expression. In Study 1, children tended to infer that students were smarter, nicer, and stronger if the teacher behaved more positively toward them. Study 2 pitted differences in the teacher's behavior against differences in the students' performance. When asked who was smarter, children selected lower-performing students who received more positive nonverbal cues from the teacher rather than higher-performing students who received less positive cues. The findings indicate that an authority figure's nonverbal behaviors can influence children's inferences about others, shedding light on one mechanism guiding young children's evaluations of people in their social world.
Beyond Hindu–Muslim unity: Gandhi, the Parsis and the Prince of Wales Riots of 1921:

Between 17 and 20 November 1921, Bombay was convulsed by the Prince of Wales Riots, which coincided with the arrival of the future King Edward VIII in the city. The riots constituted an extremely i...
A design approach for monolithically integrated broadband circulators

A design approach for self-biased monolithic microwave integrated circulators using a commercial computational electromagnetic code is presented. The nano-magnetic self-biased material is included in a microwave gallium nitride (GaN) on silicon carbide (SiC) integrated circuit process allowing for the design and realization of microstrip-type circulators. Simulated design performance showing >30% bandwidth, insertion loss of approximately 2.5 dB, and isolation greater than 9.3 dB from 16 to 23 GHz is compared between two commercial computational electromagnetic (EM) solvers.
Interactive Web-Based Tool for Nutritional Microbiology in Applied Agriculture Outreach.

The interconnection of microbiology, biology, and agriculture poses unique challenges for dissemination of basic science research data in an applied format. Further, audiences including the general public, stakeholders, agricultural commodity producers, and students to which information is directed often possess various backgrounds and educational training. In response to technological advances, and the benefits of web-based learning tools to deliver complex information, an integrative approach to deliver microbial content information was developed. Through the constructed web-based interface, an interactive format to highlight the microbe of interest consisted of a main image with strategically placed hotspots to illuminate the location/environment/organ where the microbe can be found. As each hotspot is accessed, an additional image and description of the role and function of the microbe at the location is presented. To encourage regular user access with the learning tool, monthly features were created to focus on various concepts in nutritional microbiology. Monthly themes were selected by the educator to cover a specific microbe, environment, and physiological or nutritional function. Facilitation of educator operation of the interface was achieved through development of an easy-to-use dashboard, allowing for uploading of main, monthly, and hotspot images, along with information on the overview of microbe function and with details contained within the hotspot descriptions. Additionally, an archive feature was created to allow access to information that was previously covered within the learning tool. Application of this web-based interface can span across classroom settings, outreach educational events, adult and youth learning within Extension, student recruitment, and many other non-traditional learning settings to impact production agriculture with research-driven microbiological and biological concepts.
Electrodes for electrical conduction block of the peripheral nerve

Abstract Many neurological disorders are caused by pathological neuronal firing leading to adverse effects mediated through the innervated end organs. Examples are chronic pain, motor impairments, abnormal postures of the limb and torso, and spasticity due to lesions in the brain or the spinal cord. These pathologies are manifested in stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and amputation neuromas. Medical treatment is based on a hierarchy of increasingly invasive modalities. There is still a need for a reliable, fast-acting, nontoxic, and reversible method of nerve block for many of these neurological conditions. Kilohertz frequency alternating current nerve block and direct current nerve block offer this type of therapy. This chapter describes the design of nerve based electrodes that are suitable for these two types of electrical nerve block.
God's Pocket

This is a film review of God's Pocket (2014), directed by John Slattery. Author Notes William Blizek is the Founding Editor of the Journal of Religion and Film, and is Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He is also the editor of the Continuum Companion to Religion and Film (2009). This sundance film festival review is available in Journal of Religion & Film: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol18/iss1/17 God’s Pocket (2014) Directed by John Slattery US Dramatic Competition God’s Pocket is a dark comedy about a man and his wife. Her son is killed at work, but she does not believe that he died as his colleagues say he died. This sets off a series of adventures—maybe misadventures would be a better term. In the end, the husband finds himself living with friends from the neighborhood in Florida where they fled to escape the consequences of failing to pay a loan shark. This is a happy ending, at least as happy an ending as you could get from a dark comedy. We chose to review the film because of its title. The movie turned out not to be about religion, except for the title. So, what is God’s Pocket? It is a neighborhood where people are born, grow up, get a job (not always a legitimate job), marry, have children, and die. And their children probably do the same. It is an insular neighborhood. Outsiders are not welcome. Outsiders do not understand the neighborhood. Everyone in the neighborhood knows all about everyone else in the neighborhood. Lots of bad things happen in the neighborhood, but these things are just a part of the landscape. The bad things are 1 Blizek: God's Pocket Published by DigitalCommons@UNO, 2014 familiar, they are expected. In some ways, God’s Pocket is like a small town. In some ways it is like tribal territory. It is a law unto itself. So why is the Pocket called God’s? It is God’s pocket because this is where its inhabitants feel safe. This is the place where things are familiar. This is where they are protected. This is where God looks over them. The irony is that how the inhabitants feel about living in God’s Pocket does not match reality. In reality they are not safe, they are not secure, they are not loved. And this is why a trailer home in Florida counts as a happy ending.
Time Series Prediction Via Recurrent Neural Networks with the Information Bottleneck Principle

In this paper, we propose a novel method for probabilistic time series prediction based on Recurrent Information Bottleneck (RIB). We propose to incorporate the stochastic latent states for modeling complex and non-linear time series optimized by RIB objective. Compared with previous work, the proposed method can yield better prediction and uncertainty estimation. It's built on the extension of information bottleneck principle to recurrent setting, to find the stochastic latent state maximally informative about the target with low complexity. The experiments over real-world datasets show the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art prediction performance on single and multi-dimensional data.
Multimode Multi-Constellation GNSS Antenna

This paper demonstrates a multimode Multi-Constellation GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Antenna solution for automotive applications. In designing a GNSS Antenna to cover global requirements, there are requirements to be considered in order to support multiple navigation satellite constellations. In addition to GPS, the GLONASS constellation is required to support ERA-GLONASS in Russia, the Galileo constellation is required to support eCall in Europe. Also, there is the BeiDou constellation being deployed by China. Given the constellations have varying bandwidths and carrier frequencies, it is a challenge to design and integrate an antenna solution to support global coverage. In this paper, a single multimode multi-band patch antenna is designed and result shows the potential applications.
Cyclic nucleotides in neuroendocrine function.

Several antipsychotic agents produce extrapyramidal side effects which resemble Parkinson’s disease (Hollister, 1972; Hornykiewicz, 1973). It is generally agreed that these side effects may arise from the ability of these drugs to block the dopamine receptor of the caudate nucleus (Carlsson and Lindqvist, 1963; Nyback and Sedvall, 1968). Biochemical and pharmacological studies have suggested an intimate association between the dopamine receptor and a dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the caudate since the properties of the enzyme mimicked in large part the actions of the dopamine receptor (Kebabian, Petzold and Greengard, 1972; Clement-Cormier, Kebabian, Petzold and Greengard, 1974; Iverson, 1975; Anden and Stock, 1973).
Pharmacologic Treatment for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders

The goal of treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is to manage core symptomatology, including intrusive reexperiencing, emotional numbing, cognitive distortions, avoidance, and hyperarousal, and improve the individual’s social and occupational functioning. Pharmacologic treatments also aid in stabilizing psychiatric conditions, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, and substance use disorders, which frequently accompany PTSD or occur independently after a traumatic event. Based on clinical trials, approximately half of all PTSD patients will experience 30–60 % symptom improvement within 8–12 weeks of initiating an adequately dosed psychopharmacologic treatment. While the long-term goal is complete remission, a substantial number of patients have treatment-refractory PTSD. In cases where full symptomatic relief cannot be achieved, improvements in psychiatric comorbidities, resiliency, functioning, and quality of life are achievable through a combination of psychological and pharmacological treatments. This chapter discusses the pharmacological treatments for PTSD; however, many of these principles apply to the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep problems associated with the broader trauma-related disorders.
Minor QTLs mining through the combination of GWAS and machine learning feature selection

Abstract Introduction Minor QTLs mining has a very important role in genomic selection, pathway analysis and trait development in agricultural and biological research. Since most individual loci contribute little to complex trait variations, it remains a challenge for traditional statistical methods to identify minor QTLs with subtle phenotypic effects. Here we applied a new framework which combined the GWAS analysis and machine learning feature selection to explore new ways for the study of minor QTLs mining. Results We studied the soybean branching trait with the 2,137 accessions from soybean (Glycine max) diversity panel, which was sequenced by 50k SNP chips with 42,080 valid SNPs. First as a baseline study, we conducted the GWAS GAPIT analysis, and we found that only one SNP marker significantly associated with soybean branching was identified. We then combined the GWAS analysis and feature importance analysis with Random Forest score analysis and permutation analysis. Our analysis results showed that there are 36,077 features (SNPs) identified by Random Forest score analysis, and 2,098 features (SNPs) identified by permutation analysis. In total, there are 1,770 features (SNPs) confirmed by both of the Random Forest score analysis and the permutation analysis. Based on our analysis, 328 branching development related genes were identified. A further analysis on GO (gene ontology) term enrichment were applied on these 328 genes. And the gene location and gene expression of these identified genes were provided. Conclusions We find that the combined analysis with GWAS and machine learning feature selection shows significant identification power for minor QTLs mining. The presented research results on minor QTLs mining will help understand the biological activities that lie between genotype and phenotype in terms of causal networks of interacting genes. This study will potentially contribute to effective genomic selection in plant breeding and help broaden the way of molecular breeding in plants.
Physics-Based Circuit Modeling Methodology for System Power Integrity Analysis and Design

A physics-based circuit modeling methodology for system-level power integrity (PI) analysis and design is presented herein. The modeling methodology is based on representing the current paths in the power distribution network (PDN) with appropriate circuits based on cavity model and plane-pair partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). The PDN input impedance looking from on-chip sources can be computed. A commercial simulation tool is used to corroborate the modeling approach where the system consists of a commercial integrated circuits, a complex organic package and a very high-layer-count printed circuit board. Two types of circuit models are proposed from the methodology with physical correspondence maintained in the circuit elements. The circuits can be used to analyze the geometry impact on the PDN impedance and explore design improvements. Voltage ripple simulations are conducted with the circuit models. The simulated results correlated with measurements. The modeling methodology helps to understand the impact of the fundamental physics of the different parts of the PDN system and the impact of changes in the PI designs.
Distinct Hypoxia-Induced Translational Profiles Of Embryonic And Adult-Derived Macrophages

Summary Tissue homeostasis and repair are orchestrated by resident and newly recruited macrophages that alter their gene expression program in response to changes in tissue microenvironment. Embryonic macrophages, such as fetal liver derived macrophages (FLDM) seed the organs, including heart and lung during embryonic development and persist throughout the adult lifetime, while bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) are recruited following an acute perturbation. Transcriptome analyses of FLDM and BMDM identified differences between them at the level of RNA expression, which correlates imperfectly with protein levels. Post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins determines mRNA stability and translation rate and may override transcriptional cues in response to environmental changes, such as hypoxia. To identify distinct features of FLDM and BMDM response to hypoxia at the level of translation, we employed translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to isolate polysomal RNA. RNA-seq profiling of translated RNA identified distinct hypoxia-induced translational signature of BMDM (Ly6e, vimentin and glycolysis-associated enzymes Pgk1, Tpi1, Aldoa, Ldha) and FLDM (chemokines Ccl7 and Ccl2). By translational profiling of BMDM and FLDM with deletion of the RNA-binding protein HuR, we identified transcripts that were dependent on HuR. These findings highlight the importance of HuR and identify its distinct targets for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in embryonic vs. adult-derived macrophages.