cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of Interneuron-Derived Collagen XIX Leads to a Reduction in Perineuronal Nets in the Mammalian Telencephalon:

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are lattice-like supramolecular assemblies of extracellular glycoproteins that surround subsets of neuronal cell bodies in the mammalian telencephalon. PNNs emerge at the end of the critical period of brain development, limit neuronal plasticity in the adult brain, and are lost in a variety of complex brain disorders diseases, including schizophrenia. The link between PNNs and schizophrenia led us to question whether neuronally expressed extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules associated with schizophrenia contribute to the assembly of these specialized supramolecular ECM assemblies. We focused on collagen XIX-a minor, nonfibrillar collagen expressed by subsets of telencephalic interneurons. Genetic alterations in the region encoding collagen XIX have been associated with familial schizophrenia, and loss of this collagen in mice results in altered inhibitory synapses, seizures, and the acquisition of schizophrenia-related behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that loss of collagen XIX also results in a reduction of telencephalic PNNs. Loss of PNNs was accompanied with reduced levels of aggrecan (Acan), a major component of PNNs. Despite reduced levels of PNN constituents in collagen XIX-deficient mice ( col19a1-/-), we failed to detect reduced expression of genes encoding these ECM molecules. Instead, we discovered a widespread upregulation of extracellular proteases capable of cleaving Acan and other PNN constituents in col19a1-/- brains. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism by which the loss of collagen XIX speeds PNN degradation and they identify a novel mechanism by which the loss of collagen XIX may contribute to complex brain disorders.
Contribution of EGF-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase to Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Arteriolar Constriction

P88 Tyrosine kinase activity has been reported to modulate voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCCs), and has been implicated in both the Ca 2+ mobilization and Ca 2+ influx responses to angiotensin II (AngII). Because renal afferent arteriolar contractile responses to AngII rely on opening of VGCCs while efferent arteriolar AngII responses arise independent of VGCCs, we designed experiments to determine if AngII contracts these arteriolar segments via a mechanism involving tyrosine kinase activation and to examine the role of VGCCs in this phenomenon. Rats were subjected to acute enalaprilat treatment to decrease endogenous AngII formation prior to harvesting tissue for experiments using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique. Papillectomy was employed to avoid the indirect afferent arteriolar effect of AngII that arises via increased tubuloglomerular feedback sensitivity. Arteriolar lumen diameter responses to 1 and 10 nM AngII were monitored using videomicroscopic methods before and during inhibition of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity (100 μM tyrphostin A23). Afferent arteriolar baseline diameter averaged 23.5 ± 1.2 μm ( n = 12) and was unaffected by tyrphostin A23. AngII (10 nM) decreased afferent diameter by 13.7 ± 1.9 μm before and 9.6 ± 1.4 μm during tyrphostin A23 treatment ( n = 7; P + ; n = 5). Neither baseline diameter nor AngII responsiveness was altered by exposure of afferent arterioles to tyrphostin A1 (inactive analog). Efferent arteriolar baseline diameter averaged 23.6 ± 1.1 μm ( n = 6) and was not influenced by tyrphostin A23, but this agent evoked a 52 ± 9% inhibition of the efferent arteriolar diameter response to 10 nM AngII. These observations indicate that 1) EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activation contributes to AngII-induced contraction of both afferent and efferent arterioles, and 2) a direct influence of the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase on VGCCs is not likely involved in the afferent arteriolar response to AngII.
Exploiting Inter-Flow Relationship for Coflow Placement in Datacenters

A crucial challenge for data-parallel clusters is achieving high application-level communication efficiency for structured traffic flows (a.k.a. Coflows) from distributed data processing applications. A range of recent works focus on designing network scheduling algorithms with predetermined Coflow placement, i.e. the endpoints of subflows within a Coflow are preset. However, the underlying Coflow placement problem and its decisive impact on scheduling efficiency have long been overlooked.It is hard to find good placements for Coflows. At the intra-Coflow level, constituent flows are related and therefore their placement decisions are dependent. Thus, strategies extended from flow-by-flow placement is sub-optimal due to negligence of the inter-flow relationship in a Coflow. At the inter-Coflow level, placing a new Coflow may introduce contentions with existing Coflows, which changes communication efficiency. This paper is the first to study the Coflow placement problem with careful considerations of the inter-flow relationship in Coflows. We formulate the Coflow placement problem and propose a Coflow placement algorithm. Under realistic traffic in various settings, our algorithm reduces the average completion time for Coflows by up to 26%.
Mucocele‐like lesions diagnosed on breast core biopsy: Low risk of upgrade and subsequent carcinoma

Mucocele-like lesions of the breast diagnosed on core biopsy are usually excised to exclude the possibility of partial sampling of an invasive mucinous carcinoma. The goal of this study was to correlate the pathologic and radiologic features of mucocele-like lesions to determine if excision is mandatory. Over a 16 year period we identified 32 patients with mucocele-like lesions diagnosed on 27 (84%) stereotactic and 5 (16%) ultrasound-guided core biopsies. The indications for core biopsy were: calcifications in 24 (75%), a mass in 7 (22%), and a mass with calcifications in 1 (3%). There were 22 (69%) mucocele-like lesions without atypia and 10 (31%) with atypical ductal hyperplasia or detached groups of atypical cells. Of the 22 mucocele-like lesions without atypia, 19 (86%) were excised: 15/19 (79%) were benign, 3/19 (16%) had atypical ductal hyperplasia and 1/19 (5%) had ductal carcinoma in situ. None of the patients with mucocele-like lesions without atypia were upgraded to invasive carcinoma. The single patient who was upgraded to low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ had a history of ductal carcinoma in situ in the same breast. Of the 10 patients with mucocele-like lesions with atypia, 9 (90%) were excised: 5/9 (56%) were benign, 1/9 (11%) had atypical ductal hyperplasia and 3/9 (33%) had invasive carcinoma. Of the patients with mucocele-like lesions with atypia who were upgraded to invasive carcinoma, one had a BIRADS 5 mass and discordant pathology and one had a history of Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle radiation. There were 24 patients with mucocele-like lesions with or without atypia who were not upgraded on excision, and none developed breast cancer after a median of 51 months (range 7-192). These findings indicate that mucocele-like lesions without atypia are unlikely to be upgraded on excision and are associated with a low risk for the subsequent development of carcinoma.
Effects of triglyceride gasoline blends on combustion and emissions in a common rail direct injection diesel engine

This study presents the combustion and emission results using a blend of unrefined triglycerides (straight vegetable oils) and regular unleaded gasoline in a compression ignition engine typically u...
Afterward: Critical Mediterranean Times

A companion piece to the volume’s introduction, this epilogue expands the reflection on the complex interrelation between crisis and multiple Mediterranean times in the timeframe of modernity. Starting from a reading of Maylis de Kerangal’s a ce stade de la nuit, it delineates an alternative model of history where resurgent memories can develop at an angle to national forms and ascriptions. The heuristics it proposes requires lending a voice to singular, posttraumatic forms of cultural memory to formulate a form of historicity lying beyond the fractures and limitations imposed by moments of crisis and violent dissolution. This project entails restoring the thwarted dimension of the future to Mediterranean subjects’ sense of time, in order to nurture a possible praxis to come. In keeping with Ernst Bloch’s paradigm, this involves rekindling a “principle of hope” in subjective experiences of historicity bereft of any form of forward-looking yearning. Borrowing from the reflections of historians Francois Hartog and Reinhart Koselleck, it turns the spotlight onto the human element of temporal dwellings and restores the subject to the core of a critical process focused on contingent experiences of time. The model proposed in this epilogue intersects with the mandates intrinsic to a Mediterranean critique of time. Building on Hartog’s concept of “regimes of historicity,” it downplays rigid taxonomies anchored to the sequential time of modernity. In their place it lays emphasis on fluctuating, singular, and cross-sectional knottings of time to herald the foundational contingency of the Mediterranean critical category that this volume outlines.
Coalescence reactions of fullerenes

This article reviews recent work in Los Angeles on elementary processes in fullerene vapors. The production of fullerene molecules typically involves extreme high-temperature conditions and processes which are poorly understood at date [1–3]. Once generated, these molecules may represent the most stable molecules known [4,5]. In a recent work [C. Yeretzian et al., Nature 359, 44 (1992)] we presented clear evidence for coalescence reactions between fullerene molecules. Mass spectrometric measurements on hot, dense vapors of small fullerenes (C60 and C70) reveal the formation of stable higher fullerenes which are multiples of the initial masses. These processes are shown to occur in the gas-phase rather than in the solid film and their dependences on laser fluence and He-gas pressure are investigated. Three distinct reactions are proposed—coalescence, emission and capture—to account for the observed distributions at higher fullerene sizes. Specifically, the heat of coalescence is released through emission of small, even-numbered fragments which, in a very dense vapor, are efficiently captured by other coalesced fullerenes. These findings have implications for the long-time stability of the fullerene vapor, and for the mechanism of fullerene formation and growth, and may open new ways to the synthesis of selected higher fullerenes and encapsulation compounds.
Getting around and communicating with the environment: visual cognition and language in Parkinson's disease

Vision in PD. In PD an impairment of dopaminergic neurons of the preganglionic retina and a defect of the retinal nerve fibers (axons of the retinal ganglion cells) has been demonstrated and a correlation of loss of spatial contrast sensitivity, with the progression of motor impairment in PD has been described. These low level visual deficits contribute but do not directly explain behavioural visual deficits in PD involving spatial cognition, internal representation, space navigation and visual categorization.
A Phase 1 Study of Nilotinib Plus Radiation in High-Risk Chordoma.

Purpose Chordomas are malignant tumors arising from remnant notochordal tissue. Despite improved local control with preoperative/postoperative radiation therapy (RT), progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) remain poor in patients with high-risk features. Chordoma has been identified to express and activate platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. We conducted a phase 1 trial to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and feasibility of nilotinib with RT as either preoperative or definitive treatment for patients with high-risk chordoma. Methods and Materials We recruited 23 patients with high-risk, nonmetastatic chordoma. High risk was defined as the presence of any of the following: local recurrence after surgery, previous intralesional resection, unplanned incomplete resection, unresectable or marginally resectable disease based on locally advanced stage, or declining surgery because of excessive morbidity. Patients were treated with nilotinib and concurrent RT to 50.4 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) followed by surgery and postoperative RT to a cumulative dose up to 70.2 Gy RBE or definitively up to 77.4 Gy RBE without surgery. On completion of RT, patients were eligible to continue nilotinib until disease progression. Results In patients receiving nilotinib 200 mg twice daily with RT, 3 dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) occurred in 5 patients. One DLT was seen among 6 patients receiving nilotinib 200 mg daily with RT. Therefore, 200 mg daily was declared the maximum tolerated dose. Eleven additional patients received nilotinib with RT at the maximum tolerated dose, and 1 additional DLT occurred. The objective best response rate was 6% (1 of 18 patients, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%-27%). The median progression-free survival was 58.15 months (95% CI, 39.10-∞). The median OS was 61.5 months (43.1-∞), and the 2-year OS rate was 95%. Conclusions Nilotinib 200 mg/d with RT is safe and tolerated in patients with high-risk chordoma. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand whether nilotinib combined with RT, with or without surgery, adds greater improvement to progression-free survival or OS than with RT with or without surgery alone in patients with high-risk chordoma.
Diltiazem Promotes Regenerative Axon Growth

Axotomy results in permanent loss of function after brain and spinal cord injuries due to the minimal regenerative propensity of the adult central nervous system (CNS). To identify pharmacological enhancers of axon regeneration, 960 compounds were screened for cortical neuron axonal regrowth using an in vitro cortical scrape assay. Diltiazem, verapamil, and bromopride were discovered to facilitate axon regeneration in rat cortical cultures, in the presence of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel blocker (L-CCB), also promotes axon outgrowth in adult primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and induced human sensory (iSensory) neurons.
Making and Managing the Pitch: Selling I-O Psychology Research to Organizations

In their focal article, Lapierre et al. (2018) draw attention to several key unanswered concerns academics face in establishing, developing, and maintaining research partnerships with organizations. Though mentioned briefly in the article's introduction, one potential concern that would benefit from further attention is selling a potential research topic to organizations. Many academics find themselves with research interests that organizations would prefer to avoid shedding light on (e.g., workplace mistreatment, sexual harassment, hiring practices, diversity and inclusion practices, etc.). In these instances, it may be particularly difficult to convince key stakeholders within organizations to partner on research projects, especially in situations that might raise organizational fears of negative publicity. In their introduction, Lapierre et al. (2018) state that “middle or frontline managers may be reluctant to facilitate a study out of fear of what the research could reveal in terms of problems in their units, particularly if such problems might be perceived as reflecting poorly upon them (e.g., poor leadership skills)” (p. 545). Further, “managers may fear raising employees’ expectations or highlighting particular problems by involving them in research projects” (Lapierre et al., 2018, p. 544). In the following several paragraphs, I address how academics may proactively address and minimize these potential concerns. Although not meant to be an exhaustive set of recommendations, the goal is to provide several potential avenues for “selling” industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology research to potential organizational stakeholders.
Biallelic mutations in PALB2 cause Fanconi anemia and predispose to childhood cancer

4922 PALB2 was recently identified as a nuclear binding partner of BRCA2. Biallelic BRCA2 mutations cause Fanconi anemia subtype FA-D1 and predispose to childhood malignancies. We identified pathogenic truncating PALB2 mutations in seven families affected with Fanconi anemia, demonstrating that PALB2 mutations cause a new subtype of Fanconi anemia. The phenotype of PALB2 is, in many ways, typical of Fanconi anemia as all cases showed increased chromosome breakage with interstrand crosslinking agents, growth retardation and variable congenital malformations. However, PALB2 appears to be associated with unusually severe disease and early mortality due to childhood cancer. All seven cases developed cancer in early childhood including three Wilms tumors, five medulloblastomas, two cases of AML and one neuroblastoma. One individual developed three malignancies within the first year of life and three individuals had two cancers. Cancer treatment was unsuccessful in five patients, all of whom died before 3 years of age. One individual is currently alive at 4.5 years but is in the early stages of treatment for medulloblastoma. The cancer spectrum of biallelic PALB2 mutations is therefore very similar to that associated with biallelic BRCA2 mutations, which also confer high risks of embryonal tumors. Mutations in BRCA2 and PALB2 together account for almost all our individuals with both Fanconi anemia and childhood solid tumors. The reasons for the association between childhood solid tumors and the deficiency of BRCA2 or PALB2 are unclear. To investigate whether somatic mutations in PALB2 and BRCA2 occur in embryonal tumors we will screen 30 Wilms tumor, 30 medulloblastoma and 30 neuroblastoma for PALB2 and BRCA2 mutations and the results will be presented. These data identify a new Fanconi subtype and a cause of childhood solid tumors.
Challenges to Pertussis Control

* Abbreviations: DTaP — : diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis DTwP — : diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole-cell pertussis KPNC — : Kaiser Permanente Northern California In this issue of Pediatrics , the vaccine research group at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) contributed another important article outlining the challenges of pertussis control in a highly vaccinated population.1 Nearly one-half million children born between 1999 and 2016 and managed at KPNC from 2006 to 2017 were evaluated. Of those immunized children, all had received only diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. In total, 738 polymerase chain reaction–confirmed pertussis cases were diagnosed. Pertussis risk was 13 times higher among unvaccinated and nearly 2 times higher among undervaccinated children when compared with those who were fully vaccinated. However, >80% of the total pertussis cases were seen in children who had received all their recommended DTaP vaccine doses. Pertussis risk increased with increasing time since vaccination, clearly demonstrating waning immunity, which the KPNC group and others had previously reported.2,3 Those individuals who began their medical career after 1997, when DTaP totally replaced the conventional diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines, may question why DTaP replaced DTwP in the first place. When I began my academic career at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in 1980, pertussis disease appeared to be well controlled.4 Rarely would cases present to the medical center, and generally … Address correspondence to Kathryn M. Edwards, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave South, D-7227 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232. E-mail: kathryn.edwards{at}vumc.org
SET binding to Sgo1 inhibits Sgo1–cohesin interactions and promotes chromosome segregation

At anaphase onset, Sgo1 function of cohesion protection must be disabled to allow timely chromosome segregation, but how this is achieved is not fully understood. Here, we show that SET, a known PP2A inhibitor, directly binds to a domain in Sgo1 in close proximity to the cohesin-binding motif. The Sgo1–cohesin binding can be disrupted by SET in a dose-dependent manner in vitro as well as by SET overexpression in cells, suggesting that SET is also an inhibitor to the Sgo1–cohesin binding. Furthermore, the SET binding–deficient Sgo1 mutant fully supports centromeric cohesion protection but delays chromosome segregation, suggesting that the SET–Sgo1 binding is required for timely chromosome segregation. Moreover, overexpression of SET WT, not the Sgo1 binding–deficient mutant, exacerbates the occurrence of cohesion fatigue in MG132-arrested cells. Conversely, SET depletion delays it. Thus, we propose that a major function of SET during mitosis is to disrupt the Sgo1–cohesin interaction, thereby promoting centromeric cohesion de-protection and timely chromosome segregation at anaphase onset.
The Diverse World

Traveling the sidewalks of a busy city allows us to perceive a wide and diverse set of stimuli that many would consider to be the real world. The sounds of cars and trucks whooshing by us are mixed with the loud din of construction zones and the conversations of our fellow travelers. If we focus our visual attention on the people around us, the wide diversity of facial features, hairstyles, and clothing choices present us a cornucopia of patterns, textures, and colors. Our noses will sample the various aromas emanating from restaurants, street carts, exhaust fumes, and other odors arising from the underneath the city. This is a rich and complex environment that is often called the sensory landscape.
Observation of superspin-glass behavior in Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles

The aging and memory effects of ${\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}$ nanoparticles have been studied using a series of zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled magnetization measurements at various aging protocols. The genuine ZFC magnetization after the ZFC procedure with a single stop and wait process shows an aging dip at the stop temperature on reheating. The depth of the aging dip is dependent on the wait time. The frequency dependence of the ac magnetic susceptibility is indicative of critical slowing down at a freezing temperature ${T}_{f}$ $(=30.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6\text{ }\text{K})$. The relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is described by a power-law form with a dynamic critical exponent $x$ $(=8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)$ and a microscopic relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0}$ $[=(1.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\text{ }\text{s}]$. The ZFC-peak temperature decreases with increasing magnetic field $(H)$, forming a critical line with an exponent $p=1.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26$, close to the de Almeida--Thouless exponent $(p=3/2)$. These results indicate that the superspin-glass phase occurs below ${T}_{f}$.
ParRefCom: Parallel Reference-based Compression of Paired-end Genomics Read Datasets

Transmission, storage, and archival of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) short-read datasets pose significant challenges due to the large size of such datasets. Constant improvements to HTS technology, in the form of increasing throughput and decreasing cost, and its increasing adoption amplify the problem. General-purpose compression algorithms have been widely adopted for representing read datasets in a compact form. However, they are unable to fully leverage the domain-specific properties of read datasets. In response, researchers proposed special-purpose compression algorithms which improve upon the compression efficiency of general-purpose compression algorithms. In this paper, we present ParRefCom, a parallel reference-based algorithm for compressing HTS genomics short-read datasets. HTS instruments are typically used to generate paired-end reads as they hold significance for biological analysis. In contrast to existing special-purpose compression algorithms, ParRefCom treats paired-end reads as first-class citizens. Owing to this treatment of paired-end reads, our algorithm is able to significantly improve compression efficiency over the state-of-the-art. More specifically, for a benchmark human dataset, the size of the compressed output is 21% smaller than that produced by the current best algorithm. Further, ParRefCom is scalable and its compression and decompression speeds are better than those of reference-free methods. Implementation : https://github.com/ParBLiSS/refcom
Temporary loop ileostomy or permanent end colostomy for low rectal cancer: making the right choice

Low rectal cancer is treated by surgical removal of part of the colon via abdominoperineal resection (APR), ultra-low Hartmann's (ULH) or low anterior resection (LAR), followed by stoma formation. ...
A Systematic Review of Music Therapy for Psychosocial Outcomes of Substance Use Clients

The objective of this study is to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments that assess how music therapy affects the psychosocial outcomes of clients who are being treated for substance use concerns. This review includes all RCTs and quasi-experiments published in English-language peer-reviewed journals since 2006 that assess music therapy interventions for substance use. A search of bibliographic databases returned a list of 195 potential studies, which was narrowed to 14 for analysis. Current research supports the possibility that music therapy is an expressive intervention that can reduce depressive symptoms, as well as increase motivation for treatment and readiness to change patterns of substance use. Despite an increase in quantitative research on this topic in the last 10 years, an overall paucity of quantitative studies and lack of long-term research suggest that more primary studies are still needed before any conclusions can be made about the efficacy of music therapy for treating substance use.
World regional geography and distant suffering: student and faculty perceptions of moral obligation

The purpose of the research was to examine perceived moral agency beliefs, attitudes, and prosocial actions of 226 undergraduate World Regional Geography students and eight instructors at two Midwe...
The Oral Host-Microbial Interactome: An Ecological Chronometer of Health?

An increasing number of studies reveal that host–microbial interactome networks are coordinated, impacting human health and disease. Recently, several lines of evidence have revealed associations between the acquisition of a complex microbiota and adaptive immunity, supporting that host–microbiota symbiotic relationships have evolved as a means to maintain homeostasis where the role of the microbiota is to promote and educate the immune system. Here, we hypothesize an oral host–microbial interactome that could serve as an ecological chronometer of health and disease, with specific focus on caries, periodontal diseases, and cancer. We also review the current state of the art on the human oral microbiome and its correlations with host innate immunity, and host cytokine control, with the goal of using this information for disease prediction and designing novel treatments for local and systemic dysbiosis. In addition, we discuss new insights into the role of novel host–microbial signals as potential biomarkers, and their relevance for the future of precision dentistry and medicine.
Peer effects on dual language learners’ English and Spanish receptive vocabulary development

Abstract Using a nationally representative sample of 3- and 4-year-old Spanish-speaking dual language learners (DLLs) attending Head Start (N = 654), this study examined whether mean levels of and variability in peers’ English receptive vocabulary skills were associated with DLLs’ English and Spanish receptive vocabulary skills in the spring. In addition, I tested whether these associations differed depending on the proportion of DLLs in the class. Results showed that DLLs had better English receptive vocabulary growth, but weaker Spanish receptive vocabulary growth when their classmates had higher English receptive vocabulary skills. Variability in peers’ English receptive vocabulary skills was not significantly associated with vocabulary growth in English or Spanish. These patterns did not depend on the proportion of DLLs in the class, pointing to the utility of understanding peer effects in terms of classmates’ skills and not only their characteristics. Findings demonstrate the importance of classmates’ English vocabulary skills for English vocabulary development. However, additional supports are needed to maintain DLLs’ vocabulary development in Spanish.
Cross-Compiled Plotting with SwiftVis2

This paper explores adding support to SwiftVis2, a plotting library written in Scala, for compiling and running across the JVM, web browsers, and native compiled code. We find that it is possible to use a single core library written in standard Scala across these various compile targets with little additional code. The quality of the output and ability to handle large datasets varies significantly for different implementations. The use of Scala, or other languages that have compilers targeting multiple platforms, makes it possible to easily target many platforms with relatively little effort.
Disease stage-specific profiling of miRNA in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (IRM9P.732)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules acting as post-transcriptional regulators of many physiological processes. Their dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well accepted mouse model of human MS disease. Many of the discoveries of human MS disease mechanism and drug development have come from studies conducted in EAE model. Depending on the mice background, EAE mice mimic two most common form of human MS; chronic (in C57B/6 mice) and relapsing-remitting (RR, in SJL mice). Dysregulated miRNA levels in biological fluids, such as plasma and urine, represent a new source of biomarkers in MS and EAE. In this study, we report the first systematic identification of disease stage-specific (pre-onset, onset, peak and resolution) miRNA expression in the plasma and urine exosomes of chronic mouse model of EAE. Each disease stage was represented by a specific subset of miRNA expression. We report for the first time identification of miR-155 in SC and urine exosomes of EAE mice much earlier (day 6 post immunization) than disease onset (day 12). Further, we evaluated the drug response of copaxone and metformin on miRNA expression. Identification of disease-stage-specific miRNA biomarkers in non-invasive fluids like urine could be helpful for disease prognosis and for discrimination of clinical subtype, thereby aiding therapeutic decisions and monitoring of therapeutic effects.
A review of research on impulsive loading of marine composites

Impulsive loading conditions, such as those produced by blast waves, are being increasingly recognized as relevant in marine applications. Significant research efforts are directed towards understanding the impulsive loading response of traditional naval materials, such as aluminum and steel, and advanced composites, such as laminates and sandwich structures. Several analytical studies are directed towards establishing predictive models for structural response and failure of marine structures under blast loading. In addition, experimental research efforts are focused on characterizing structural response to blast loading. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the state of the art on analytical and experimental studies in this field that can serve as a guideline for future research directions. Reported studies cover the Office of Naval Research-Solid Mechanics Program sponsored research along with other worldwide research efforts of relevance to marine applications. These studies have contributed to developing a fundamental knowledge of the mechanics of advanced materials subjected to impulsive loading, which is of interest to all Department of Defense branches.
A Review of: Rhetorics of Display, by Lawrence J. Prelli

Rhetorics of Display marshals diverse subject matter and methodological orientations in order to demonstrate the omnipresent significance of display as a contemporary persuasive phenomenon. “[M]uch...
Tectonic Evolution of the Bristol Bay basin, southeast Bering Sea: Constraints from seismic reflection and potential field data

[1] We interpret the tectonic evolution of the Bristol Bay basin, also known as the North Aleutian basin, on the basis of a deep seismic reflection profile, lithologic data from a well, unreversed seismic refraction profiles, a bathymetry profile, a magnetics profile, forward modeling of a gravity profile, and flexural modeling of a basin-wide paleosurface. We present evidence that (1) an early or middle Eocene through late Miocene phase of extension led to fault-controlled subsidence; (2) a late Eocene through early Miocene phase of volcanic-arc loading led to flexural subsidence, which was amplified by additional factors possibly including lithospheric cooling, tectonic compression, reverse or thrust faulting, or small-scale intrusions of dense magma; and (3) a late Miocene through Holocene resurgence of arc volcanism and a northward prograding delta continued (or possibly increased) flexural subsidence in the back arc region. Our interpretations imply that the fault-controlled subsidence in the Bristol Bay basin is genetically linked to that found in the other outer Bering Shelf basins, but the subsequent flexural subsidence of these basins is not related. More fundamentally, our observations suggest that the basin's evolution is unusual and has components typically found in both back arc (extension) and retroarc foreland (flexure) basins.
Getting Over It Long-Lasting Effects of Emotion Regulation on Amygdala Response

Little is known about whether emotion regulation can have lasting effects on the ability of a stimulus to continue eliciting affective responses in the future. We addressed this issue in this study. Participants cognitively reappraised negative images once or four times, and then 1 week later, they passively viewed old and new images, so that we could identify lasting effects of prior reappraisal. As in prior work, active reappraisal increased prefrontal responses but decreased amygdala responses and self-reported emotion. At 1 week, amygdala responses remained attenuated for images that had been repeatedly reappraised compared with images that had been reappraised once, new control images, and control images that had been seen as many times as reappraised images but had never been reappraised. Prefrontal activation was not selectively elevated for repeatedly reappraised images and was not related to long-term attenuation of amygdala responses. These results suggest that reappraisal can exert long-lasting "dose-dependent" effects on amygdala response that may cause lasting changes in the neural representation of an unpleasant event's emotional value.
Retrospective study of interests and abilities that predict life goals and sex-role attitudes of college women.

Summary.-The predictive values of academic ability, goals, interests, and activities in high school vis-a-vis educational goals, career goals, and sex-role attitudes in college were assessed in a retrospective study of 36 women enrolled at a state university. The later teenage years were a period of changing goals for most of the women; however, several high school measures predicted goals or sex-role attitudes in college. The implications for related research are discussed.
SU-GG-T-220: Dosimetric Error From Inter-Fraction Tumor Motion Variation in Phase Based Gating

Purpose: To characterize dosimetric errors from inter‐fraction tumor motion variation for phase‐based gated treatments that use strain gauge systems. Method and Materials: An ionization chamber in a Quasar Respiratory Motion Phantom was irradiated in a 6 MV 5×5 field, while moving with various amplitudes for both a sinusoidal waveform and a patient's respiratory trace. The resulting ionizations were compared to that for a stationary setup to determine the under‐dose. For each amplitude of the patient's respiratory trace, the Anzai gating system was operated at various gating phases to find the phase trigger that reduced the under‐dose below 1%. Results: The gating system gain and position settings affected the under‐doses, and for the worst case settings, a full motion range (FMR, 2x amplitude) of 12.5 mm for the patient trace, gated from 80% exhale to 80% inhale, had an under‐dose of 0.3%. FMRs of 18.8, 25 and 30 mm had under‐doses of 0.6, 3.7, and 7.2%, respectively. These FMRs correspond to gated motion ranges (GMR, motion during irradiation) of 10, 15, 20, and 24 mm. The under‐doses for sinusoidal waveforms were higher (6.4% for GMR = 20 mm), since the chamber spent less time at full exhale. The under‐doses for the patient trace are reduced to around 0.5% when the percentage phase trigger (80%) is multiplied by the ratio of the planned FMR (12.5 mm) to the observed FMR, so that an observed FMR of 25 mm requires a percentage phase trigger of 40%. Conclusion: Under‐doses are waveform dependent. A 20 mm lesion with a motion range of 10 mm can experience around a 5% under‐dose for an increase in motion of 10 mm. Errors can drop below 1% by reducing the gating phase trigger.
A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, part II: Queueing at freeway bottlenecks

Abstract For a freeway having various entrance and exit ramps, the methods described in Part I are used to relate the cumulative flow curve at any junction to the net cumulative entrance flow at this junction, and the cumulative flow curves for the freeway at the next upstream junction and/ or the next downstream junction. If the type of flow-density relations typical of freeway traffic are idealized by a triangular shaped curve with only two wave speeds, one for free-flowing traffic (positive) and the other for congested traffic (negative), then the relationship is easy to evaluate. The cumulative flow curve at the junction is simply the lower envelope of a translation of the cumulative curve from upstream and a different translation of the cumulative curve from downstream. This relationship is the basic building block for a freeway flow prediction model described in Part III.
Ror receptor tyrosine kinases: orphans no more

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) proteins are a conserved family of tyrosine kinase receptors that function in developmental processes including skeletal and neuronal development, cell movement and cell polarity. Although Ror proteins were originally named because the associated ligand and signaling pathway were unknown, recent studies in multiple species have now established that Ror proteins are Wnt receptors. Depending on the cellular context, Ror proteins can either activate or repress transcription of Wnt target genes and can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands. New evidence implicates Ror proteins in planar cell polarity, an alternative Wnt pathway. Here, we review the progress made in understanding these mysterious proteins and, in particular, we focus on their function as Wnt receptors.
Brain function, verbal behavior, and psychotherapy

Abstract Studies of combined psychotherapy and somatic therapy generally use clinical diagnostic criteria for the selection of the somatic therapy and evaluate results by changes in symptoms and global social ratings. In studies of induced convulsions (ECT), a physiologic adaptive view led to studies of language, perception, and attitude as predictors and outcome criteria of adaptive response to altered brain function. Using these experiences as a model, a theoretic construct for combined therapies is developed: a specific somatic therapy may be selected because of its defined neurophysiologic effects, which are monitored to account for individual differences in metabolism; predictors of adaptive response are defined by attitudinal, linguistic, and perceptual tests; and outcome is defined by changes in adaptation in the dyadic relationship. The theoretic model is an integration of the individual psychologic characteristics of the subject with the induced neurophysiologic effects of the various somatic therapies now available.
A vector similarity measure for linguistic approximation: Interval type-2 and type-1 fuzzy sets

Fuzzy logic is frequently used in computing with words (CWW). When input words to a CWW engine are modeled by interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs), the CWW engine's output can also be an IT2 FS, A~, which needs to be mapped to a linguistic label so that it can be understood. Because each linguistic label is represented by an IT2 FS B~"i, there is a need to compare the similarity of A~ and B~"i to find the B~"i most similar to A~. In this paper, a vector similarity measure (VSM) is proposed for IT2 FSs, whose two elements measure the similarity in shape and proximity, respectively. A comparative study shows that the VSM gives more reasonable results than all other existing similarity measures for IT2 FSs for the linguistic approximation problem. Additionally, the VSM can also be used for type-1 FSs, which are special cases of IT2 FSs when all uncertainty disappears.
A tidal plume front and internal solitons

Abstract A tidal plume front (internal tidal bore) propagating from the Apalachicola Bay outflow into the northern Gulf of Mexico is examined in a brief set of observations. Temperature and salinity time series showed a radially spreading “pool” of estuarine water with a character similar to a previously observed “turbulent rotor”, and with a following packet of internal solitons. Features associated with these observations may be pertinent to interpretation of remotely sensed plumes and to predictive modeling.
Binding of [3H]Neurotensin in Human Brain: Properties and Distribution

The binding of [3H]neurotensin to membranes from human brain at 0 degrees C was specific, saturable, and reversible. In the frontal cortex, the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for [3H]neurotensin determined from the ratio of rate constants (k-1/k1), saturation isotherms, and inhibition binding experiments was 0.80, 2.0, and 2.0 nM, respectively, and the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) from the saturation isotherms and the competitive binding experiments was 2.4 and 2.2 pmol/g of tissue, respectively. Hill coefficients for binding were equal to 1, indicating the presence of single, noncooperative binding sites. Inhibition of specific binding of [3H]-neurotensin by several analogs of neurotensin showed that [Gln4]neurotensin and neurotensin(8-13) had the highest affinities for these binding sites in human frontal cortex, with each analog being approximately 13-fold more potent than neurotensin. In addition, these data showed that the carboxy-terminal portion of neurotensin played an important part in the binding of this neuropeptide in human brain, a result described for other species. Regional distribution of binding sites was different from that reported for animal brains. Of the 33 different regions investigated, the uncus and substantia nigra showed the highest specific binding of [3H]neurotensin, whereas such areas as the pineal body, medulla, and corpus callosum had few binding sites.
Arthroscopic Suprapectoral and Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis A Comparison of Minimum 2-Year Clinical Outcomes

Background:While a vast body of literature exists describing biceps tenodesis techniques and evaluating the biomechanical aspects of tenodesis locations or various implants, little literature presents useful clinical outcomes to guide surgeons in their decision to perform a particular method of tenodesis.Purpose/Hypothesis:To compare the clinical outcomes of open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (OSPBT) and arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis (ASPBT). Our null hypothesis was that both methods would yield satisfactory results with regard to shoulder and biceps function, postoperative shoulder scores, pain relief, and complications.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Patients who underwent either ASPBT or OSPBT for isolated superior labrum or long head of the biceps lesions with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were evaluated with several validated clinical outcome measures and physical examinations including range of motion and strength.Results:Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 82 pat...
A natural hydrate dissolution experiment on complex multi-component hydrates on the sea floor

Abstract Dissolution of natural hydrate cores was measured using time-lapse photography on the seafloor at Barkley Canyon (850 m depth and 4.17 °C). Two types of hydrate fabrics in close contact with one another were studied: a “yellow” hydrate stained with condensate oil and a “white” hydrate. From thermogenic origins, both fabrics contained methane as well as heavier hydrocarbons. These multi-component hydrates were calculated to be well within p – T stability conditions ( 2 s, while the white hydrate dissolved faster at 0.25 ± 0.02 mmol gas/m 2 s. To determine the controlling mechanism for the observed changes in the hydrate cores, experimental results were compared with an engineering correlation for convective mass transfer. Using water velocity as a fitting parameter, the correlation agreed well with results from a previous dissolution experiment on well-characterized synthetic hydrates. Even with a number of other unknowns, when applied to the natural hydrate, the mass transfer correlation predicted the dissolution rate within 20%. This seafloor-based experiment, along with visual observations of seafloor hydrate dissolution over a 3-day period, were used to further understand the fate of natural seafloor hydrates exposed on the seafloor. By showing that mass transfer is the rate-controlling mechanism for dissolution of these natural hydrate outcrops, proper hydrodynamic calculations can be employed to give a refined estimate on hydrate dissolution rates.
Further studies on the effect of isoproterenol on RNA synthesis of salivary glands

Abstract Isoproterenol greatly stimulates the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in rat submandibular gland. The drug also enhanced the incorporation of 3H-cytidine into RNA in the gland. Sucrose density gradient analysis of RNA indicated that the earliest effect of isoproterenol was a stimulation of 3H-cytidine incorporation into soluble RNA. Later, 18 h after its administration, the drug stimulated the synthesis of ribosomal and ribosome-precursor ribonucleic acids.
An introduction to issues of habitat fragmentation relative to transportation corridors with special reference to high-speed rail (HSR)

Potential environmental impacts on wildlife result from siting and construction (short-term impacts) and habitat removal and fragmentation (long-term impacts) as a consequence of transportation corridor construction. Especially in rural districts, wildlife migration corridors and dispersal orientation are altered or destroyed and wildlife populations and their gene pools are isolated. This significantly weakens the wildlife community. Prudent selection of construction corridors reduces fragmentation impacts by maximizing preserved fragment sizes, and by running parallel to, not through, natural areas. Corridor width determines the degree to which wildlife movement is restricted except that culverts, underpasses, overpasses, and one-way gates, can aid wildlife in cross movements. Minimum underpass dimensions for large wildlife should be no smaller than 14 ft×14 ft and should include natural substratum inverts. Rail corridors have four characteristics that minimize adverse environmental impacts. The railbed is dry, ballast fillters runoff, there is little runoff beyond the toe of slope, and drainage ditches serve to control sheet flow and erosion, sediment movement, and uncontrolled channel flow. Rail corridors usually occupy smaller land areas because they are narrower and are more feasible to elevate so as to allow free movement of wildlife across the corridor.