cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organometallic molecule-inorganic surface coordination and catalytic chemistry. In situ CPMAS NMR delineation of organoactinide adsorbate structure, dynamics, and reactivity

A 75.4-MHz {sup 13}C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic study of the surface structures and reaction chemistry of a series of organoactinides adsorbed on various inorganic supports is reported. On Lewis acid surfaces such as dehydroxylated Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MgCl{sub 2}, and SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, it is found that organothorium complexes of the type Cp{prime}{sub 2} ThR{sub 2} (Cp{prime} = {eta}{sup 5}-(CH{sub 3}){sub 5}C{sub 5}; R = {sup 13}CH{sub 3}, {sup 13}CH{sub 2}{sup 13}CH{sub 3}), Cp{prime}ThR{sub 3} (R = {sup 13}CH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 5}), and Cp{sub 3}ThR (Cp = {eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 5}H{sub 5}; R = {sup 13}CH{sub 3}), undergo heterolytic Th-C scission to transfer an alkyl anion to the surface forming Cp{prime}{sub 2} ThR, Cp{prime}ThR{sub 3{minus}n}, or Cp{sub 3}Th adsorbate species with cation-like character. Probe studies with paramagnetic Cp{prime}{sub 2}U({sup 13}CH{sub 3}){sub 2} indicate that the majority of the transferred methyl groups of Cp{prime}{sub 2}U({sup 13}CH{sub 3}){sub 2}/DA and Cp{prime}{sub 2}U({sup 13}CH{sub 3}){sub 2}/MgCl{sub 2} are located {approx gt}5 {angstrom} from the U(IV) ion.
Relation between DNA ploidy and the clinical behavior of phyllodes tumors

We studied the DNA histograms obtained by flow cytometry from a series of six giant fibroadenomas and ten phyllodes tumors to determine if the analysis of DNA ploidy would help to predict clinical behavior. We were unable to document any relation between ploidy and histologic appearance, recurrence, metastasis, lesion size, or patient age. DNA aneuploid stem cell lines were seen in 75% of histologically benign phyllodes tumors, 50% of histologically malignant phyllodes tumors, and approximately 33% of giant fibroadenomas.
Damage and survivorship of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic field corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins ☆

Field corn, Zea mays L., plants expressing Cry1Ab and Cry1F insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner are planted on considerable acreage across the Southern region of the United States. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an economically important pest during the mid-to-late season on non-Bt and some commercial Bt corn hybrids. The objective of this study was to quantify foliar injury and survivorship of fall armyworm on transgenic corn lines expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F Bt proteins. Corn lines/hybrids expressing Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and a conventional non-Bt cultivar were evaluated against artificial infestations of fall armyworm in field trials. Larvae (second instars) of fall armyworm were placed on corn plants (V8-V10 stages). Leaf injury ratings were recorded 14 d after infestation. Hybrids expressing Cry1F had significantly lower feeding injury ratings than non-Bt corn plants. Development and survivorship of fall armyworm on Bt corn lines/hybrids were also evaluated in no-choice laboratory assays by offering freshly harvested corn leaf tissue to third instars. Transgenic corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F significantly reduced growth, development, and survivorship of fall armyworm compared to those offered non-Bt corn tissue. However, 25–76% of third instars offered Bt corn leaf tissues successfully pupated and emerged as adults. These results suggest Cry1Ab has limited effects on fall armyworm; whereas Cry1F demonstrated significant reductions in foliar injury and lower survivorship compared to that on non-Bt corn tissues. Although fall armyworm is not considered a primary target for insect resistance management by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, these levels of survivorship could impact selection pressures across the farmscape, especially when considering that transgenic Bt cotton cultivars express similar Cry (Cry1Ac or Cry1F) proteins.
Minimizing the unpredictability of transgene expression in plants: the role of genetic insulators

The genetic transformation of plants has become a necessary tool for fundamental plant biology research, as well as the generation of engineered plants exhibiting improved agronomic and industrial traits. However, this technology is significantly hindered by the fact that transgene expression is often highly variable amongst independent transgenic lines. Two of the major contributing factors to this type of inconsistency are inappropriate enhancer-promoter interactions and chromosomal position effects, which frequently result in mis-expression or silencing of the transgene, respectively. Since the precise, often tissue-specific, expression of the transgene(s) of interest is often a necessity for the successful generation of transgenic plants, these undesirable side effects have the potential to pose a major challenge for the genetic engineering of these organisms. In this review, we discuss strategies for improving foreign gene expression in plants via the inclusion of enhancer-blocking insulators, which function to impede enhancer-promoter communication, and barrier insulators, which block the spread of heterochromatin, in transgenic constructs. While a complete understanding of these elements remains elusive, recent studies regarding their use in genetically engineered plants indicate that they hold great promise for the improvement of transgene expression, and thus the future of plant biotechnology.
Predicting rate of cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer's disease

Recent attempts to identify predictors of rate of decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been extremely variable in choice of outcome variables, predictor variables tested, timing of assessments, and statistical approaches. In this study, a random effects regression model was applied to seek predictors of decline on the Mini-Mental State Exam in 132 patients with probable AD reassessed every 6 months for up to 7.5 years. Potential predictor variables at baseline were of three types: patients characteristics, clinical variables, and cognitive performances. The final multivariate analysis indicated that the following characteristics predicted more rapid cognitive decline: more education, history of dementia in a first degree relative, non-right handedness, better performances of Boston Naming Test, Gollin Incomplete Figures Test, and Benton Visual Retention Test-Delay, and worse performances on Responsive Naming Test, WAIS-R Block Design, and Benton Visual Retention Test-Copy.
A Computer-based image analysis system for biocide screening.

A computer‐based image analysis system that measures the behavioral response of the marine diatom Amphora coffeaeformis to potentially toxic challenges is described. At any one time the system is capable of measuring in a population of about 80 cells, changes in the number motile, their speed, direction, and if they are turning, their angular velocity and acceleration. Chemical compounds that interfere with the generation of energy, protein or glycoprotein synthesis, calcium homeostasis and cytoskeletal activity, change the motile behavior of the cell. A pre‐requisite of motility is that the cells be attached to a substratum. It is proposed that the system, which requires only a 1–2 minute data collection period per replicate, could be used to screen for potential antifouling activity in chemical agents, and it is speculated that it could be used also for measuring the physicochemical interaction between attached motile organisms and their substratum, as well as in environment toxicology measurements.
Forward physics with the CMS experiment at the LHC

Forward physics to be investigated with CMS at the LHC includes a wide range of topics, including low-x QCD, diffractive scattering, and constraints of cosmic ray Monte Carlo predictions for multi-particle production. We describe the forward detection instrumentation around the CMS interaction point and present selected feasibility studies to illustrate the physics potential.
Emerging perspectives on the structure and function of attitude strength

For more than 20 years, scholars have used the term “attitude strength” to refer to the durability and impactfulness of attitudes, and a large literature attests to the important leverage that this concept offers for understanding and predicting behaviour. Despite its prominence, however, a number of fundamental questions remain regarding the structure and function of attitude strength. In this chapter we draw on a wide range of evidence to clarify the nature of attitude strength. Rather than conceiving of attitude strength as a meaningful psychological construct, we argue that it is better conceptualised as an umbrella term that refers in only the most general way to multiple, separable classes of attitude outcomes, instigated by different antecedents and produced by distinct psychological processes. Although strong attitudes share a set of general qualities—resistance to change, persistence over time, impact on thought and behaviour—there are many distinct routes by which attitudes come to possess these...
High performance anti-reflection coatings for broadband multi-junction solar cells

The success of bandgap engineering has made high efficiency broadband multi-junction solar cells possible with photo-response out to the band edge of Ge. Modeling has been conducted which suggests that current double layer anti-reflection coating technology is not adequate for these devices in certain cases. Approaches for the development of higher performance anti-reflection coatings are examined. A new AR coating structure based on the use of Herpin equivalent layers is presented. Optical modeling suggests a decrease in the solar weighted reflectance of over 2.5{percent} absolute as a result. This structure requires no additional optical material development and characterization because no new optical materials are necessary. Experimental results and a sensitivity analysis are presented.
Attitudes toward ex-offenders: A comparison of social stigmas.

Abstract Ex-offenders have experienced both a loss of certain civil rights and employment discrimination in the past and continuing research is necessary if their problems are to be dealt with effectively. One hundred eighty-three subjects, representing four occupational categories, were exposed to a personnel management problem involving either an ex-offender, an ex-mental patient, an obese person, or a neutral, nonstigmatized person in order to measure relative discrimination. The ex-offenders fared no worse than the others. There was a relationship, however, between subjects' occupational identification and degree of discrimination toward each of the stigmatized persons. Implications for criminal justice and social policy are discussed.
Construction of non-Gaussian random fields with any given correlation structure

A positive definite function can be thought of as the covariance function of a Gaussian random field, according to the celebrated Kolmogorov existence theorem. A question of great theoretical and practical interest is: how could one construct a non-Gaussian random field with the given positive definite function as its covariance function? In this paper we demonstrate a novel and simple method for constructing many such non-Gaussian random fields, with the corresponding finite-dimensional distributions identified. Also, we show how to construct a non-Gaussian random field with a given negative definite function as its variogram.
Magnetoelectric sensors: Sensitive and potentially low-cost magnetic sensors

The sensor element of magnetoelectric (ME) sensors generate an output with requiring an input energy. In addition they are relatively sensitive, but in common with most other magnetic sensors, their performance deteriorates at low frequency. We have found that, by applying an additional higher frequency, magnetic modulation field to ME sensors, we can increase the sensitivity by a factor of 10 at l Hz. When a modulation field is applied, the signal appears as sidebands around the modulation frequency. A further improvement can be achieved if one adjusts the modulation frequency so that the sideband occurs at the mechanical resonant frequency of the sensor. Using this modulation, ME sensors can detect 4 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz in an unshielded room. We have found that we can increase the resonant frequency of asymmetric ME sensors by using a weight to apply a restoring torque. These sensors can also detect acoustic disturbances. By sweeping a magnetic field at the same time one is applying either a magnetic or acoustic field, one can distinguish between acoustic and magnetic sources.
Forest dynamics and agents that initiate and expand canopy gaps in Picea–Abies forests of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, USA

Summary 1 Data from elevations ranging from mixed hardwood-conifer forest at 600 m to subalpine Abies balsamea forest at 1120 m indicate that canopy gaps are not static but expand over time due to mortality of trees at the gap margin and coalescence of gaps. Gap expansion is more frequent than gap initiation. Ultimately such disturbance patches may become more extensive than is normally considered as typical of gap-phase disturbance, but the processes of development are the same. 2 Disturbance agents involved in gap initiation tend to differ from those involved in gap expansion. Spruce beetle, dwarf mistletoe and most root diseases predominate as agents of gap initiation, while windthrow/windsnap, chronic wind stress and Armillaria root disease are important agents of gap expansion. 3 Concepts of equilibrium gap-phase dynamics and a shifting-mosaic steady state do not fully account for the dynamics of these spruce-fir forests. A spruce beetle outbreak in the late 1970s/early 1980s killed most of a cohort of dominant, emergent Picea rubens . This epidemic initiated a long-term cycle of disturbance and release that is likely to be repeated in many years when a new cohort of P. rubens becomes sufficiently large to sustain another major bark beetle outbreak. 4 Episodic disturbance agents affect long-lived, dominant species at infrequent but regular intervals (up to hundreds of years) and operate at the landscape level. Gap-phase cycles appear to be nested within the long-term cycle. Over the long term, episodic disturbance drives such ‘nested bicycle’ dynamics. 5 Spatial and temporal distribution of disturbance results not only from stochastic events such as storms, but also from host specificity of agents of disturbance, their tendency to attack certain age classes of trees, local and regional contagion, and susceptibility of trees at the edge of disturbance patches.
Securing Encryption Algorithms against DPA at the Logic Level: Next Generation Smart Card Technology

This paper describes a design method to secure encryption algorithms against Differential Power Analysis at the logic level. The method employs logic gates with a power consumption, which is independent of the data signals, and therefore the technique removes the foundation for DPA. In a design ex- periment, a fundamental component of the DES algorithm has been imple- mented. Detailed transistor level simulations show a perfect security whenever the layout parasitics are not taken into account.
Experiments with an improved constrained expression toolset

At TAV3, we described a prelimimu-y version of the constrained expression toolset, and reported on the results of our initial experiments with it, Through those experiments we discovered shortcomings in some of the tools that limited the size of the examples that we could analyze. We have since redesigned and reimplementcd several components of the toolset, with performance improvements of more than two orders of magnitude in some cases. The improved toolset has been successfully used with designs that involve hundreds of concurrent processes. In this paper, we describe several experiments with the new version of the toolset, including preliminary experiments with a technique for analyzing systems that include an essentially arbitrary number of identical components.
Combinatorial Regulation of the dev Operon by MrpC2 and FruA during Myxococcus xanthus Development

Proper expression of the dev operon is important for normal development of Myxococcus xanthus. When starved, these bacteria coordinate their gliding movements to build mounds that become fruiting bodies as some cells differentiate into spores. Mutations in the devTRS genes impair sporulation. Expression of the operon occurs within nascent fruiting bodies and depends in part on C signaling. Here, we report that expression of the dev operon, like that of several other C-signal-dependent genes, is subject to combinatorial control by the transcription factors MrpC2 and FruA. A DNA fragment upstream of the dev promoter was bound by a protein in an extract containing MrpC2, protecting the region spanning positions −77 to −54. Mutations in this region impaired binding of purified MrpC2 and abolished developmental expression of reporter fusions. The association of MrpC2 and/or its longer form, MrpC, with the dev promoter region depended on FruA in vivo, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, and purified FruA appeared to bind cooperatively with MrpC2 to DNA just upstream of the dev promoter in vitro. We conclude that cooperative binding of the two proteins to this promoter-proximal site is crucial for dev expression. 5′ deletion analysis implied a second upstream positive regulatory site, which corresponded to a site of weak cooperative binding of MrpC2 and FruA and boosted dev expression 24 h into development. This site is unique among the C-signal-dependent genes studied so far. Deletion of this site in the M. xanthus chromosome did not impair sporulation under laboratory conditions.
Redundancy identification and removal in combinational logic circuits

The authors present an efficient RI and RR (redundancy identification and removal) method for combinational logic circuits, called RIDAR, which can perform RI by taking advantage of the functional specification and can remove simultaneously more than one redundancy during one RR iteration. Experimental results show that significant savings in literal-count can be obtained for synthesized circuits in small amounts of CPU time. Surprisingly, it is found that a significant reduction in literal-count can be obtained in many cases for combinational circuits even when conventional ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) declares the circuit to be irredundant. >
Equalizing Population Denominators for Australian Metropolitan Areas

Most population data are collected and tabulated in an aggregate form by censuses around the world in which political and economic considerations determine the geographic unit of the aggregation. Large spatial variation in population size among units can limit comparative analysis among different subregions. Census population counts are often used as the denominator in rate calculations. This paper proposes the design of new districts for Australian metropolitan areas that will decrease the absolute range in population among districts. The transport algorithm is used for aggregation of Collection Districts in order to achieve this goal. The transport algorithm proved efficient in assigning CDs to a more equitable alignment of population in the selected Statistical Divisions. This method affords the spatial comparison of city settlement and socio-economic variables as well as deriving a stable denominator for these comparisons. The results demonstrate the advantages of equalized population denominators over those associated with the current statistical districts.
Copy number variation and brain structure: lessons learned from chromosome 16p11.2

Recent work has linked specific genetic variation found in human populations to risk for developing neuropsychiatric diseases. How that risk is mediated through molecular-, cellular- and systems-level mechanisms now becomes the central question in this field. Two recent papers studying high-penetrance copy number variation at chromosome 16p11.2 find large changes in brain structure, refining hypotheses about the regions of the brain that are affected and implicating specific neurodevelopmental processes in these changes.
The Rise of the Syrian Ba‘th, 1940–1958: Political Success, Party Failure

There is much controversy among Ba'thists as to whether Zaki al-Arsuzi or Michel 'Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar were the real founders of the Ba'th. The answer to this question is academic because the Ba'th was an idea representing national aspirations long before it took the shape of a political party. Its origins go back to the Arab revolt of 1916 and Faysal's ill-fated attempt to unite greater Syria under the Hashemite crown. When the French forcibly expelled Faysal from Damascus, they also frustrated a generation of Syrian nationalist youth who for a fleeting moment stood up for liberation and unification. During the interwar period, pan-Arab patriots agonized over their plight under the Mandate and nourished visions of ‘resurrecting’ the ancient glories of the Umayyads.
Tailoring the Selectivity and Stability of Chemically Modified Platinum Nanocatalysts To Design Highly Durable Anodes for PEM Fuel Cells

Chemically modifying platinum with calix[4]arene yields a highly stable anode catalyst that effectively suppresses the oxidation reduction reaction without altering the maximum activity for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (see picture, Pt blue, C gray, O red, S yellow). This behavior extends from long-range-ordered stepped single-crystal surfaces to nanocatalysts.
Minimum Cost Mirror Sites Using Network Coding: Replication versus Coding at the Source Nodes

Content distribution over networks is often achieved by using mirror sites that hold copies of files or portions thereof to avoid congestion and delay issues arising from excessive demands to a single location. Accordingly, there are distributed storage solutions that divide the file into pieces and place copies of the pieces (replication) or coded versions of the pieces (coding) at multiple source nodes. We consider a network which uses network coding for multicasting the file. There is a set of source nodes that contains either subsets or coded versions of the pieces of the file. The cost of a given storage solution is defined as the sum of the storage cost and the cost of the flows required to support the multicast. Our interest is in finding the storage capacities and flows at minimum combined cost. We formulate the corresponding optimization problems by using the theory of information measures. In particular, we show that when there are two source nodes, there is no loss in considering subset sources. For three source nodes, we derive a tight upper bound on the cost gap between the coded and uncoded cases. We also present algorithms for determining the content of the source nodes.
Postpartum Learning Needs

Objective: To describe the methodological differences of postpartum learning needs studies and organize them for comparison with similar studies. Data Sources: Computerized literature searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Health Star databases. Study Selection: Reports published in English before 2003 and relevant to the keywords concerns, needs, interests, worries, priorities, postpartum, teaching, and learning. Data Extraction: Data were extracted and information organized according to subject parity, maternal self-care content, infant care content, length of data collection, and week of the postpartum period. Data Synthesis: Stitches, episiotomy, and postpartum complications were the most important maternal care learning needs during the first 3 postpartum days, and feeding and illness were the most important infant care learning needs during the first 7 postpartum days. Conclusions: More studies are needed to fill the postpartum learning needs research gaps, build on the findings of previous studies, and produce clinically useful information for practicing nurses.
Report on MobiDE 2003: the 3rd international ACM Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile Access

The 3rd International ACM Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile Access (MobiDE 2003 for short) took place on September 19, 2003 at the Westin Horton Plaza Hotel in San Diego, California in conjunction with MobiCom 2003. The MobiDE workshops serve as a bridge between the data management and network research communities, and have a tradition of presenting innovations on mobile as well as wireless data engineering issues (such as those found in sensor networks). This workshop was the third in the MobiDE series, MobiDE 1999 having taken place in Seattle in conjunction with MobiCom 1999, and MobiDE 2001 having taken place in Santa Barbara in conjunction with SIGMOD 2001.
XPS analysis of aluminum nitride films deposited by plasma source molecular beam epitaxy

Ten samples of crystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) film were deposited on sapphire and silicon substrates by a plasma source molecular beam method. The samples were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Oxygen levels were observed to decrease exponentially from the surface into the bulk film. Aluminum, nitrogen and oxygen peaks were fitted with subpeaks in a consistent manner and the subpeaks were assigned to chemical states. AlN subpeaks were observed at 73.5 eV for Al2p and 396.4 eV for N1s. An N1s subpeak at 395.0 eV was assigned to NN defects. No direct NO bonds are assigned; rather it is proposed that an NAlO bond sequence is the source of higher binding energy N1s subpeaks. The observations in this study support a model in which oxygen is bound only to aluminum in the form of AlO octahedral complexes dispersed or clustered throughout the main AlN matrix or as AlO bonds on the crystal grain boundaries. The data also suggest that the AlN lattice parameters are related to oxygen content, since the c-axis is observed to increase with increasing oxygen content. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New alliances: for policy and the conduct of research and education

Policy evolution through the Roundtable structure has been effective in the USA. It creates the background and provides information to enable the debate between the participants, and in particular has drawn the participation of senior US government officials. It addresses problems that are intractable and complex in other settings. Its perspectives on university–industry collaborative programs have been useful in identifying the major problem areas, defining the expectations of each side, and comparing experiences with projections. The emerging alliances are important but not sufficient for economic competitiveness.
Photoluminescence imaging of large-grain CdTe for grain boundary characterization

In this work, we use photoluminescence (PL) imaging to characterize CdTe grain boundary recombination. We use a silicon megapixel camera and green (532 nm) laser diodes for excitation. A microscope objective lens system is used for high spatial resolution and a field of view down to 190 µm × 190 µm. PL images of large-grain (5 to 50 µm) CdTe samples show grain boundary and grain interior features that vary with processing conditions. PL images of samples in the as-deposited state show distinct dark grain boundaries that suggest high excess carrier recombination. A CdCl2 treatment leads to PL images with very little distinction at the grain boundaries, which illustrates the grain boundary passivation properties. Other process conditions are also shown, along with comparisons of PL images to high spatial resolution time-resolved PL carrier lifetime maps.
Viral Advertising: A Field Experiment on Viral Intentions and Purchase Intentions

This study conducts an investigation of viral advertising by developing and testing a model to integrate the influence of three types of video ad appeals (humor, sex, or information), ad sources (known or unknown), attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, and demographics on intentions to forward an ad and purchase a brand. The model is tested by collecting data from a sample of national online consumers. The findings demonstrate the importance of ad appeals for both attitude toward the ad and viral intentions. Attitude toward the ad is also found to be a significant influencer of viral intentions, and mediator of the relationship between ad appeals and viral intentions. The study also found support for a positive relationship between viral intentions and purchase intentions.
A revision of the West Indian species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae). III. Cuba

A study of herbarium material ofLepanthes indicates that there are at least 18 species on Cuba. The history of the collections and publications on the genus from the island is summarized, and a detailed key to the species is given. One new combination is proposed (L. blepharophylla) and the following species are described as new:L. acunae,L. dressleri,L. cubensis,L. grisebachiana,L. obliquiloba, andL. occidentalis, of which three are from western provinces and two have been associated with inappropriate names.L. mandibularis Reichb. f. is tentatively considered a synonym ofL. chrysostigma Lindl. although the type ofL. mandibularis could not be found. The range of variation included under the nameL. fulva Lindl. suggests that more than one species is involved.
Effect of a vortex in the triply differential cross section for electron-impact K -shell ionization of carbon

Vortices are an inherent property of the velocity fields of complex, time-dependent, Schr\"odinger wave functions $\ensuremath{\psi}$ occurring where both the real and the imaginary parts of $\ensuremath{\psi}$ vanish. They have been known since the early work of Dirac on magnetic monopoles and have frequently been studied theoretically. The possibility of observing them by exploiting an ``imaging theorem'' that relates atomic wave functions to measured electron momentum distributions has recently been proposed. Using the Coulomb-Born approximation, we examine ionization of a $K$-shell electron of a model carbon atom by fast electron impact. For an incident electron energy of 1801.2 eV and a scattering angle of ${4}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, we find a vortex in the velocity field associated with a zero in the ionization $T$-matrix element and hence in the triply differential cross section, and we obtain a segment of the vortex line. Angular momentum transfer is essential to produce the vortex in the velocity field and the corresponding zero in the ionization $T$-matrix element and in the triply differential cross section.
Forecasting escalation of cardio-respiratory instability using noninvasive vital sign monitoring data

Critical cardio-respiratory instability (CRIcrit) poses a substantial risk for patients in step-down-units (SDU) and requires immediate medical attention. It is often preceded by mild episodes of CRI (CRImild).
Stages of diversification in Africa

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between manufacturing diversification and level of economic development for 29 African countries. Three diversification stages are identified. Considerable differences in diversification are found over the first stage at the low end of the per capita income scale. Diversification alone will not encourage development in poorer countries until obstacles such as weak institutions, poor governance and a lack of infrastructure are addressed. Diversification slows down over the remaining stages as countries develop. Results show countries further along the African economic development path successfully diversified manufacturing.
Human Papillomavirus Typing of Penile Condyloma

AbstractInfection with human papillomavirus has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of cervical neoplasia. Knowledge of the characteristics of infecting human papillomavirus in male patients is lacking. We studied 37 men who presented with genital condyloma to identify the clinical appearance of the lesion, histological features and human papillomavirus type as determined by deoxyribonucleic acid molecular hybridization analysis. Of the patients 32 had penile shaft condyloma: 23 noticed the lesion themselves and 9 presented because the partner had condyloma. An adequate amount of deoxyribonucleic acid was available for analysis in 26 men. Lesions were caused by human papillomavirus types 6, 11 and 31, and uncharacterized types. Five patients had penile shaft and urethral condyloma. In 4 patients infection was caused by more than 1 type or subtype. Neither clinical nor histological features could reliably predict the infecting human papillomavirus type.
Effects of Prenatal and Postbirth Intimate Partner Violence on Preschool-Age Children’s Dissociative Symptoms

ABSTRACTStudies on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on children have typically focused on IPV to which children were exposed after their birth. However, research has also demonstrated the effect of prenatal IPV on children’s psychological functioning, although this has not yet been studied with respect to dissociation. In this study, we examined the association between prenatal and postbirth IPV and dissociative symptoms among preschool-age children using a Bayesian approach to multiple regression. Results indicated that prenatal IPV predicts child dissociative symptoms over and above postbirth IPV and other negative life events that the child has experienced. These results provide further evidence for the role prenatal IPV plays in the development of child psychopathology and suggest directions for future research and intervention.
Genetics and Genomics of Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (or coronary heart disease), is the leading cause of mortality in many of the developing as well as the developed countries of the world. Cholesterol-enriched plaques in the heart's blood vessels combined with inflammation lead to the lesion expansion, narrowing of blood vessels, reduced blood flow, and may subsequently cause lesion rupture and a heart attack. Even though several environmental risk factors have been established, such as high LDL-cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure, the underlying genetic composition may substantially modify the disease risk; hence, genome composition and gene-environment interactions may be critical for disease progression. Ongoing scientific efforts have seen substantial advancements related to the fields of genetics and genomics, with the major breakthroughs yet to come. As genomics is the most rapidly advancing field in the life sciences, it is important to present a comprehensive overview of current efforts. Here, we present a summary of various genetic and genomics assays and approaches applied to coronary artery disease research.
Potential of Next-Generation Sequencing in Cytology

The Sanger sequencing has been a dominant method for approximately 30 years. The commercial launch of the first pyrosequencing platform in 2005 ushered in the new era of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Today, NGS method has supplanted Sanger sequencing, especially for personalized genomic analyses. NGS technology has now shown its potentials in using difficult specimens, such as cytology specimens. This chapter describes the strengths of NGS over Sanger method, current applications of NGS in cancer, potential applications of NGS in cytology and its challenges and future directions for routine clinical use.
A Fusion of Ideas

By this point it should be clear to the reader that biological insect pest suppression, as it is construed in modern parlance, is no longer the unified concept it once was. Classical biological control concerned itself only with the utilization, introduction, or encouragement of parasitoids, predators, and pathogenic microorganisms. While this approach is still the most effective, practical, and widely applicable biological method at our disposal, the growth and development of other biologically-based techniques of pest suppression are most encouraging. Biological insect pest suppression specialists no longer consider the introduction of beneficial organisms as the only weapon in their arsenal; no more than other crop protection specialists can afford to look only to pesticides as a universal cure-all. Instead, all responsible and knowledgeable workers in the field have come to recognize the wisdom, even the necessity, of giving consideration to as many different alternative suppressive techniques as are available, and designing an integrated system of actions especially tailored to each pest problem. Such integration may be considered from various viewpoints. For example, two or more beneficial organisms may be used harmoniously to provide a synergistic level of classical biological control (Chap. 3.7). On a slightly higher order, we may combine and coordinate the use of any number of the biological methods we have discussed previously. At a still higher level of integration, we find the major concern of modern crop protection, integrated pest suppression (Chap. 5.1).
Learning Precise Spike Times in a Two-Variable Spiking Neural Model.

We evaluate the ability of reinforcement comparison learning to induce multispike patterns with sub-millisecond precision in a two-variable spiking neural model. We assume that a single reinforcement signal derived from the fit of the produced spike pattern with a target pattern is communicated with the neural model following production of all spikes of the pattern. We find that arbitrary multispike patterns can be learned with a precision of 0.2 msec. Patterns of one to five spikes can be learned with a probability of success ranging from 20% to 70%.
Adolescent Substance Use and Prevention

Substance misuse and substance use disorders represent one of the most prominent threats to adolescent health and well-being, with potential physical, emotional and psychological adverse effects stemming from both experimental and regular substance use. As part of routine, comprehensive pediatric care all adolescents should receive preventative guidance, regular screening and evaluation of any substance use, with referral for additional treatment when appropriate. The following chapter provides guidance for pediatricians in their care of adolescents at any level of substance use.
Trying and reflecting: two novice teacher educators’ first attempts at guiding pre-service teachers’ reflection on literacy field experiences

In Democracy and Education, Dewey aligns trying and undergoing as experience. Undergoing the consequences of trying by reflecting entails noticing and naming the details of the connections between ...
P34 Detecting deficits in cai patients: clinical measures of functional performance compared to percieved measures of insability

Study Design Cross-sectional Study. Objectives To measure functional performance among patients with and without unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) and compare objective outcomes to subjective reports of instability. Background Functional performance tests (FPTs) can be used to measure both subjective reports of instability and objective deficits in physical function among patients with CAI. However, little research has been conducted to identify FPTs that are sensitive enough to measure both subjective and objective deficits associated with CAI. Methods Twenty-five subjects with CAI (10 males, 15 females; 20.6±2.9 years, 168.8±8.4 cm, 66.5±12.9 kg) and 25 healthy, matched controls (10 males, 15 females; 20.0±2.5 years, 171.1±9.2 cm, 68.6±12.0 kg) completed five unilateral FPTs in random order on each limb: side hop, 6-metre crossover hop, figure-8 hop, triple crossover hop, and lateral hop. After completing a test, subjects were asked to rate their perceptions of instability for both limbs using a visual analogue scale from 0–100. Physical function limb symmetry values and perceived instability limb symmetry values were then calculated for each subject. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were completed to identify group differences in 1) physical function symmetry values and 2) perceived instability symmetry values. Results There was no significant difference between groups in physical function symmetry values for any of the five FPTs (p>0.05). However, perceived instability symmetry values for the side hop (F 1,48 =6.43, p=0.01), 6-metre hop (F 1,48 =4.36, p=0.04), figure-8 hop (F 1,48 =4.32, p=0.04), and the lateral hop (F 1,48 =3.64, p=0.04) were statistically different between groups, indicating that the CAI group experienced greater instability using the CAI limb during these tests. Conclusion Clinical FPTs may identify subjective reports of instability, but fail to objectively measure performance deficits compared to the contralateral healthy limb in subjects with CAI.
Dichotomies, Dialects, and Deficits: Confronting the “Standard English” Myth in Literacy and Teacher Education

This study bridges the dichotomies between the study of multilingualism and multidialecticism to explore the mythologies surrounding what is often called Standard English (*SE). While literacy and ...
Public sector unions, democracy, and citizenship at work

AbstractSince the 1970s, governments around the world have been engaged in a conflict over the appropriate role of public services in society. In the U.S. and elsewhere, public services have faced pressures to restructure, reduce the size of government, and make government more ‘business-like.’ This paper examines how the evolution of public services and public sector unions shaped the distinctive character of public sector industrial relations in the U.S. Next it demonstrates how this distinctive character made public services and public sector unions vulnerable to neoliberal attacks and New Public Management reforms. It concludes by theorizing about how the frameworks of citizenship at work and union renewal may be used to strengthen the essential identity and restore the positive role that public sector unions have traditionally played in society.
Studies on Lifted Jet Flames in Coflow: The Stabilization Mechanism in the Near- and Far-Fields

This paper presents the results of a parametric study concerning the phenomenon of liftoff of a nonpremixed jet flame. The dependence of liftoff height on jet exit velocity and coflow velocity is described. It is shown that lifted flames become less sensitive to jet exit velocity as the stabilization point recedes from the burner exit. The results reveal that in cases of extreme liftoff height, increases in jet exit velocity with a constant coflow cause some ethylene flames to stabilize closer to the burner. The success of current theories on lifted flame stabilization in comparison to the experimental results of this study are assessed. The existence of multiple regimes for flame stabilization, incorporating aspects of both premixed and nonpremixed combustion, is proposed.
Polycrystalline GeC Thin Films Deposited Using a Unique Hollow Cathode Sputtering Technique

Experimental results on thin films of the new material GexC1-x, deposited by a unique dual plasma hollow cathode sputtering technique are presented. The most important contribution of this work is that it shows that by using non-equilibrium growth conditions resulting from the hollow cathode technique, one can grow Group IV materials which cannot otherwise be grown using normal CVD or MBE processes. The sputtering is accomplished by igniting a dc plasma in the Ar and H2 gases which are fed through Ge and C nozzles. The GeC films are grown on etched Si (100), on Si with the native oxide and on glass. The films grown on glass were quite disordered, but the films grown on both types of Si substrates were very ordered in nature. This order has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Films with as much as 8% C have been deposited. In order to produce useful GexC1-x films, the C must bond to the Ge at lattice sites. Evidence of this desired GeC bond has been seen using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, and XRD.
Phasing in Modals: Phases and the Epistemic/Root Distinction

Recent work on modals has shown that cross-linguistically, root readings of modal verbs differ from epistemic readings with respect to: (a) subject/non-subject orientation; (b) interaction with finite tense; and (c) effects of perfective aspect on veridicality. This paper considers how the division of clauses into phases may shed light on these properties of modals. In languages whose epistemic and root modals have different distribution, the differences in reading can be derived from the modal’s interpretive relationship to the phase in which the modal is merged. However, for the finite modals of English, which are arguably all Tense items, it is proposed that the divergent properties noted above can be traced to features of the modal, which in turn affects the grammatical relationship between the modal and other clausal constituents. The crucial distinction is proposed to be (un)interpretability of the tense feature of the modal. This in turn affects interpreted temporal location, predication and interaction with aspect.
Negotiation and Psychoanalysis: If I'd Wanted to Learn About Feelings I Wouldn't Have Gone to Law School.

I first became interested in the relationship between psychoanalysis and negotiation fifteen years ago, when I began teaching lawyers and law students negotiation skills. Most of the books on legal negotiation at the time focused on the bag-of-tricks approach to successful negotiation: the top ten ways to outwit your adversary. As I began to think about different approaches, one thing that consistently struck me was that when I gave a negotiation problem to a pair of students a set of facts regarding a lawsuit or a business deal the results of the negotiations based on those facts varied widely from pair to pair.1 If there was a $50,000 range within which settlement was possible under the instructions, there would be settlements throughout the range. Each pair of students would have reached a mutually satisfactory end point that was clearly dictated only partially by the information they had received from me. Some of the differences could be explained by some students' learning the top ten list better than others: if you reveal your bottom line to your opponent, it will be difficult to settle much above it. But, having said that, I began to wonder why some people do consistently reveal their bottom line, or do the spiritual equivalent; why others routinely mow down their opponents in single-minded pursuit of the last possible dollar; and why still others pursue a collaborative approach that benefits both parties.2 How, in other words, do
AMG 757, a Half-Life Extended, DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, Shows High Potency and Sensitivity in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a high relapse rate, limited therapeutic options, and poor prognosis. We investigated the antitumor activity of AMG 757, a half-life extended bispecific T-cell engager molecule targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3)—a target that is selectively expressed in SCLC tumors, but with minimal normal tissue expression. Experimental Design: AMG 757 efficacy was evaluated in SCLC cell lines and in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse SCLC models. Following AMG 757 administration, changes in tumor volume, pharmacodynamic changes in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), and the spatial relationship between the appearance of TILs and tumor histology were examined. Tolerability was assessed in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Results: AMG 757 showed potent and specific killing of even those SCLC cell lines with very low DLL3 expression ( Conclusions: AMG 757 has a compelling safety and efficacy profile in preclinical studies making it a viable option for targeting DLL3-expressing SCLC tumors in the clinical setting.