cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeated quantitative angiograms in coronary arterial aneurysm in Kawasaki disease.

Abstract Accurate evaluation of the extent of coronary artery lesions complicating Kawasaki disease is clinically important in patient management. Based on a total of 188 coronary angiograms and retrospective follow-up observations, the condition of coronary aneurysms was quantitatively graded as: 0 (normal)—no significant enlargement in any portion of the coronary artery; I (mild)—aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary artery evident but localized, with a maximal diameter of less than 4.0 mm; II (moderate)—maximal diameter of coronary aneurysms between 4.0 and 8.0 mm, regardless of body size; III (severe)—giant aneurysms, with the maximal diameter greater than 8.0 mm. Most mild coronary aneurysms regressed to normal within a short time, and the patient's prognosis was good. The course of grade II aneurysms varied, depending on initial angiographic coronary diameter, but all were eventually reduced in coronary size. In contrast, grade III aneurysms usually progressed to become obstructive or stenotic coronary lesions, or the large aneurysm persisted. Follow-up observations revealed that the course of coronary artery disease depended on the size and distribution of aneurysms at initial angiography. This grading of the severity of coronary lesions may provide useful criteria for predicting the prognosis of patients with Kawasaki disease.
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-1 INDUCTION OF DELAYED-EARLY MRNA EXPRESSION IN NIH 3T3 CELLS IS PROLONGED BY HEPARIN ADDITION

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, also known as acidic FGF, is a multifunctional heparin-binding protein that is mitogenic for a wide variety of cell types cultured in vitro and a potent angiogenic agent in vivo. These cellular responses are mediated via high-affinity binding to a family of four membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase receptors. FGF-1-stimulated mitogenesis is potentiated by heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. In this study, we examined the effect of exogenous heparin on FGF-1-inducible gene expression in murine NIH 3T3 cells using both wild-type FGF-1 and FGF-1/glu132, an FGF-1 mutant with a reduced apparent affinity for heparin. The induction levels and temporal expression kinetics of two immediate-early response mRNAs (early growth response gene-1, thrombospondin-1) as well as two delayed-early response mRNAs (proliferin, ornithine decarboxylase) were monitored by Northern blot hybridization analysis. We found that although FGF-1 alone can promote the initial induction of these four mRNAs, heparin coaddition is necessary for prolonged delayed-early mRNA expression. This heparin effect occurs when cells are stimulated with wild-type FGF-1 but not with FGF-1/glu132. Furthermore, FGF-1 and heparin must be added together at the initial time of mitogen stimulation and they must remain present in the cell culture medium for a minimum period of 8 h to promote sustained delayed-early mRNA expression. These findings are consistent with the proposal that heparin promotes a long-term FGF-1:FGFR interaction which is required for sustained delayed-early gene expression and a full mitogenic response.
EVIDENCE OF SURFACE CURRENTS IN THE MIXED STATE OF NON-IDEAL TYPE II SUPERCONDUCTORS

Abstract Evidence for the existence of a surface sheath in the mixed state of non-isdeal type II superconductors is presented. Further, it is deduced that a macroscopic paramagnetic current arises in this surface sheath upon cooling from Tc in the presence of a stationary longitudinal magnetic field.
From Technophilia to Technophobia: The Impact of the Vietnam War on the Reception of "Art and Technology"

ABSTRACT Using the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's 1971 exhibition “Art and Technology” as a case study, this essay examines a shift in attitude on the part of influential American artists and critics toward collaborations between art and technology from one of optimism in the mid-1960s to one of suspicion in the early 1970s. The Vietnam War dramatically undermined public confidence in the promise of new technology, linking it with corporate support of the war. Ultimately, the discrediting of industry-sponsored technology not only undermined the premises of the LACMA exhibition but also may have contributed to the demise of the larger “art and technology” movement in the United States.
Calcium distribution in fertilized and unfertilized ovules and embryo sacs of Nicotiana tabacum L

Potassium antimonate was used to localize Ca2+ in tobacco ovules from 0 to 7 d after anthesis in pollinated and emasculated flowers. Antimonate binds “loosely bound” Ca2+ into calcium antimonate; less-soluble forms are unavailable and free calcium usually escapes. Ovules are immature at anthesis. Abundant calcium precipitates in nucellar cells surrounding the micropylar canal. A difference between calcium in the two synergids emerges at 1 d, which is enhanced in pollinated flowers. The future receptive synergid accumulates more precipitates in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell walls. After fertilization, micropyle precipitates diminish, and the ovule is unreceptive to further tube entry. In emasculated flowers 6 d after anthesis, ovular precipitates essentially disappear; however, flowers pollinated at 4–5 d and collected 2 d later largely restore their prior concentration of precipitates. Ovular precipitates occur initially in the nucellus, then the embryo sac, and finally the synergid and micropylar filiform apparatus. Possibility, calcium is released from the embryo sac, although no structural evidence of exudate formation was observed. Calcium precipitates in the ovule correlate with the ability of the ovule to be fertilized, suggesting that successful pollen tube entry and later development may require calcium of the class precipitated by antimonate.
Accurate calculation of the reaction matrix in light nuclei and in nuclear matter

Abstract A method for calculating the Brueckner reaction matrix in the oscillator representation, which was outlined in an earlier letter, is explained in detail. The basic equations are derived and solved numerically. It is shown how the t -matrix elements thus obtained can be used to calculate certain higher-order diagrams for the energy and r.m.s. radius; and numerical results are presented. Finally, the method is applied to infinite nuclear matter, and some numerical results are given for the Reid hard-core and soft-core potentials.
DNA content and other prognostic features in childhood medullohlastoma: Proposal of a scoring system

The authors reviewed clinical features, surgical extent of resection, histologic parameters, and DNA content in 55 children with medulloblastomas and found that complete or near total resection, absence of tumor dissemination, tumor DNA aneuploidy, and low proliferative index correlated with a favorable clinical outcome. A scoring system was developed based upon these features to identify patients who, in the future, may benefit from more aggressive or novel therapeutic regimens. Patient age and sex and adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly correlate with long-term survival. The data also suggest that tumors that have been designated as cerebellar neuroblastomas may be a distinct group of posterior fossa tumors, which may have a better prognosis.
A stochastic modelling and analysis methodology for quantification of fatigue damage

Fatigue damage accumulation in engineering materials is usually quantified using a suitable damage parameter that can serve as a reliable descriptor of damage development. Tests are conducted on material samples in order to collect sample data about damage development. A computational methodology is developed in the present paper for modelling and analysis of these data, based on a rigorous stochastic approach. From sample data, the true probability distributions of damage parameter are extracted based on an analytical approach. The correlation properties of damage development process are also determined in terms of autocorrelation functions. A systematic way of characterizing the damage modes of the material, in terms of the correlation characteristics is also developed. The damage development is modelled as an embedded Markov process. A recursive stochastic matrix equation that characterizes the damage development using the true probability distributions and correlation properties of test data, is formulated. Application of the present methodology to a composite laminate is demonstrated.
Suppressor T cells with histamine type II receptors in chickens bearing chemically induced fibrosarcomas.

Abstract Immunity to a local (wing web) challenge with transplantable, chemically induced tumors, such as CHCT-NYU-4, can be transferred to histocompatible SC chickens with intravenously injected splenic T cells from tumor-immune chickens. Simultaneous iv injection of splenic T cells from chickens bearing progressively growing CHCT-NYU-4 prevents the expression of this adoptive systemic tumor immunity. The splenic suppressor T cells are B-L(Ia) positive and adhere to dishes coated with cimetidine-protein conjugate, suggesting that they bear type II histamine receptors (H2R). Intravenous injection of γ-irradiated CHCT-NYU-4 cells 7 days prior to a local challenge with the same tumor promotes growth of a normally suboptimal tumor cell dose such that the incidence of progressive tumor growth is significantly increased. Concomitant treatment with the H2R antagonist, ranitidine, inhibits tumor growth of an optimal tumor dose challenge and promotes induction of tumor immunity. However, this drug cannot reverse the effect of iv injected tumor cells. Another drug with reported antisuppressor cell activity, cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg), injected 1 day prior to challenge causes a transient inhibition of tumor growth. Injection of this drug on Day 7 does not have a significant effect by itself but, in combination with the Day −1 pretreatment, a significant inhibition of tumor growth by size and tumor incidence measurements is obtained. These results indicate that manipulation of immunity to transplantable fibrosarcomas in the chicken is possible with drugs acting on suppressor cells.
Accuracy and Repeatability in Time Domain Network Analysis

This paper examines the importance of measurement repeatability in time domain network analysis and includes an analysis of the limitations imposed on theoretical accuracy by measurement noise. A closed-loop correction algorithm implemented in a fast, equivalent-time sampling, time domain reflectometer improves source timing accuracy, the dominant cause of nonrepeatability. An example measurement of attenuation in a 3.5 mm coaxial air-line demonstrates performance approaching this theoretical noise limit and the limits imposed by connector repeatability.
Attributional Consequences of Chemical Exposure and Performance Feedback1

Much has been learned about the behavioral and physiological effects of various chemicals and drugs on human performance. The present study concerns the attributional consequences of such exposure. Pairs of subjects inhaled measured quantities of methyl chloride, an industrial solvent, and ingested caffeine. Each performed a variety of tasks involving eye-hand coordination and mental alertness. Participants generally tended to underestimate their actual performance on the tasks. Later, false feedback was given to each subject indicating either a superior or inferior performance on some of the tasks. Attributions of participants to ability, effort, and the effects of the agents were influenced both by type of exposure and type of feedback provided. Subjects considered both their own performance and data about the performance of previous participants when estimating their partner's performance. The implications of such findings for industrial relations are discussed.
Psychobiology and psychiatric nursing: A philosophical matrix

Over the past several years, conceptualizations of the mind have been challenged by a knowledge explosion in the psychobiological sciences. Such new knowledge continues to fuel a paradigm shift in psychiatry away from traditional psychodynamic models of the mind and toward ones balanced with a psychobiological dimension. The combination of psychodynamic and psychobiological fields of knowledge offers an opportunity for a holistic perspective on the human experience. Psychiatric nursing faces the challenge of integrating this new knowledge for the enrichment of its practice. To accomplish this complex task, issues need to be addressed in many areas critical to psychiatric nursing. Three areas are discussed in this article and include philosophy, communication of philosophy, and testing of philosophy. This article concludes with a discussion of some potential mechanisms to deal with the tensions generated by a paradigm shift in psychiatric nursing.
When did England overtake Italy? Medieval and early modern divergence in prices and wages

According to Allen, between 1500 and 1750, a “great divergence” among countries in the level of wages occurred in Europe. Italian real wages were already among the lowest in the late medieval and early modern age. Their relative level diminished even more from the seventeenth century. An analysis of prices and wages in Italy and England does not support this view. Actually, until the beginning of the eighteenth century, Italian real wages were either higher than in England (fourteenth and fifteenth centuries) or more or less equal (sixteenth and seventeenth). It was not until the eighteenth century that England began to overtake Italy. However, the disparity in wages before 1800 was modest. It increased fast from then onwards. Due to the still poor knowledge of GDP in pre-modern economies, research on economic disparities among countries deals mainly with recent periods. Long-term series of prices and wages can allow, however, comparisons among some pre-modern European economies. In 2001, R. Allen analysed economic disparities in prices and wages among several European countries over a period of six centuries. His opinion was that, while in the late Middle Ages, differences among the levels of wages were modest, the divergence “observed in the midnineteenth century was produced between 1500 and 1750 ”( Allen 2001 ,p .411). The series of wages presented by Allen have become standard measures of the performance of pre-modern European economies and have been used to compare European and non-European economies (Allen et al. 2011) and to speculate on late medieval trends
Homeogenetic neural induction in Xenopus.

Neural induction is known to involve an interaction of ectoderm with dorsal mesoderm during gastrulation, but several kinds of studies have argued that competent ectoderm can also be neuralized via an interaction with previously neuralized tissue, a process termed homeogenetic neural induction. Although homeogenetic neural induction has been proposed to play an important role in the normal induction of neural tissue, this process has not been subjected to detailed study using tissue recombinants and molecular markers. We have examined the question of homeogenetic neural induction in Xenopus embryos, both in transplant and recombinant experiments, using the expression of two neural antigens to assay the response. When ectoderm that is competent to be neuralized is transplanted to the region adjacent to the neural plate of early neurula embryos, it forms neural tissue, as assayed by staining with antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM. Transplants to the ventral region, far from the neural plate, do not express N-CAM, indicating that neuralization is not occurring as a result of the transplantation procedure itself. Because this response might be occurring as a result of interactions of ectoderm with either adjacent neural plate tissue, or with underlying dorsolateral mesoderm, recombinant experiments were performed to determine the source of the neuralizing signal. Ectoderm cultured in combination with neural plate tissue alone expresses neural markers, while ectoderm cultured in combination with dorsolateral mesoderm does not. We conclude that neural tissue can homeogenetically induce competent ectoderm to form neural tissue and argue that this induction occurs via planar signaling within the ectoderm, a mechanism that, in normal development, may be involved in interactions within presumptive neural ectoderm or in specifying structures that lie near the neural plate.
Validation of a Method for Assessing Resident Physicians’ Quality Improvement Proposals

BACKGROUND Residency programs involve trainees in quality improvement (QI) projects to evaluate competency in systems-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement. Valid approaches to assess QI proposals are lacking.
Is the size distribution of income a random walk

Abstract This paper explores the hypothesis that the size distribution of income follows a random walk, models with and without trend are analyzed. Using Current Population Report data we find evidence of such a phenomenon which calls into question our current redistributive policy strategies.
Agonistic behavior in a schooling fish: form, function and ontogeny

Although juvenile chum salmon,Oncorhynchus keta, are generally regarded as a schooling fish, when presented with a defensible point-source of food, some individuals abandon schooling, aggressively subordinate competitors, and monopolize food. When food is removed, fish gradually abandon solitary agonistic behaviors and return to schooling behavior. Agonism increases in frequency and intensity as juveniles age. The ability to alternate facultatively between schooling and solitary agonistic behavior may enable juvenile chum to respond to local patterns of food distribution and predation risk. The ontogenetic increase in agonism may result in school dispersal as fish move from the estuary into coastal waters, and may well reflect a shift in the costs versus the benefits of schooling as fish mature and become less vulnerable to predation.
Ontogeny of feeding behavior in the Zucker obese rat.

Abstract Increased food intake in Zucker obese rats has been reported as early as 16 days of age. To determine if the feeding behavior of Zucker obese rats differs from that of lean rats by weaning, or if the differences develop with age, feeding patterns of Zucker obese and lean rats were compared from 3–10 weeks of age. Increased food intakes of obese rats at 3 weeks of age were due to a trend toward increased frequency while at 4 weeks of age were due to increased meal size. Meal size subsequently increased at a faster rate in obese than lean rats and meal frequencies did not differ. While always greater in obese than lean rats meal durations decreased and rates of eating increased with age and were not different for obese and lean rats. The adult patterns of diurnal variation in obese and lean rats were apparent by 3 weeks of age. Thus, in the Zucker obese rat the characteristic of increased meal size did not occur until 4 weeks of age after increased food intake and body weight were evident, and the characteristic of decreased meal frequency did not occur by 10 weeks of age. While increased meal size is associated with early differences in feeding behaviors, decreased meal frequency may be a consequence of obesity.
Inflammation gone awry: aging or disease

Comment on Ferrucci et al, page [2294][1] In a cohort analysis of elderly Italians, Ferrucci and colleagues found that the dysregulation of proinflammatory mediators, considered by many to be at the root of aging, may more aptly be considered at the root of cardiovascular disease. Now and again,
The (t, p) reaction to the low-lying levels of the zirconium isotopes

Abstract The (t, p) reaction on the isotopes 90,92,94,96 Zr has been carried out at a bombarding energy of 20 MeV. Only weakly excited O + states are observed in 92 Zr and 94 Zr while the first excited O + state in 96 Zr is strongly excited. No O + states are seen in 98 Zr. The results indicate a trend for ground state excitations intermediate between simple shell model and pairing vibration theory. The low-lying levels of 92 Zr and 94 Zr are described by detailed shell model calculations. There is no indication in these nuclei of the rapid onset of deformation previously reported in 100 Zr, nor is there any evidence for an excited rotational band structure in any of the zirconium nuclei studied.
New advances in interleukin-1 blockade for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a relatively common systemic inflammatory disease, which has a substantial impact on patient functioning and survival. The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis has not been completely elucidated, but proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, have been implicated as important pathogenic players. These cytokines ultimately lead to increased joint cellularity and destruction through immune modulation. The presumed role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has lead to the development of interleukin-1 receptor antagonists such as anakinra, which has demonstrated significant efficacy and safety in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Anakinra successfully slows the radiographic progression of joint destruction, reduces disability and improves productivity in patients living with rheumatoid arthritis.
Using Passive End-Point Motion Constraints to Calibrate Robot Manipulators

The concept of using a method to constrain the endpoint of a serial linkage (such as a robot manipulator) in order to identify the kinematic parameters is appealing, since it no longer becomes necessary to use ancillary equipment to measure the pose, partial or otherwise. This means that the joint angles obtained from the manipulator and knowledge of the type of constraint, are all that is needed to perform the calibration. This concept is applied to the calibration of a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator by connecting its endpoint to a table by means of a ball bar
Electrical control of a single magnetoelastic domain structure on a clamped piezoelectric thin film—analysis

This paper presents an analytical model coupling Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert micromagnetics with elastodynamics and electrostatics to model the response of a single domain magnetoelastic nano-element attached to a piezoelectric thin film (500 nm). The thin film piezoelectric is mounted on a Si substrate, globally clamping the film from in-plane extension or contraction. Local strain transfer to the magnetoelastic element is achieved using patterned electrodes. The system of equations is reduced to eight coupled partial differential equations as a function of voltage (V), magnetic potential ϕ, magnetic moments (m), and displacements (u), i.e., fully coupled material. The weak forms of the partial differential equations are solved using a finite element formulation. The problem of a Ni single domain structure (i.e., 150 nm × 120 nm × 10 nm) on a thin film (500 nm) piezoelectric transducer (PZT)-5H attached to an infinite substrate is studied. Discretization in the single domain structure is on the order of the ...
Superior regulatory regimes in theory and practice

A substantial body of recent research finds thatprice-cap regulation is superior tocost-based regulation in that many of the distortions associated with the latter are reduced or eliminated entirely. We prove that the hybrid application ofcost-based and price-cap regulation that characterizes current regulatory practice in the United States telecommunications industry may generate qualitative distortions greater in magnitude than those realized undercost-based regulation. It follows thatprice-based regulation in practice may be welfare-inferior tocost-based regulation. The analysis further reveals that the firm subject to this modified form ofprice-based regulation may have incentives to engage in pure waste.
Surrogates for Numerical Simulations; Optimization of Eddy-Promoter Heat Exchangers

Although the advent of fast and inexpensive parallel computers has rendered numerous previously intractable calculations feasible, many numerical simulations remain too resource-intensive to be directly inserted in engineering optimization efforts. An attractive alternative to direct insertion considers models for computational systems: the expensive simulation is evoked only to construct and validate a simplified, input-output model; this simplified input-output model then serves as a simulation surrogate in subsequent engineering optimization studies. A simple 'Bayesian-validated' statistical framework for the construction, validation, and purposive application of static computer simulation surrogates is presented. As an example, dissipation-transport optimization of laminar-flow eddy-promoter heat exchangers are considered: parallel spectral element Navier-Stokes calculations serve to construct and validate surrogates for the flowrate and Nusselt number; these surrogates then represent the originating Navier-Stokes equations in the ensuing design process.
Combustion properties of pure and fire-retarded cellulose

Abstract Measurement are presented for the fuel-related properties of pure and fire-retarded cellulose used in diffusion flame calculations. The items measured are (1) heat of combustion of the volatile products of cellulose pyrolysis, (2) heat of gasification, (3) fuel and inert gas fractions in the pyrolysate and (4) stoichiometric ratio of the fuel volatiles. Cellulose samples were subjected to a radiant heat flux in a special apparatus designed for this purpose, and the pyrolysate was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Heats of combustion of cellulose and of the char produced by pyrolysis were measured by a bomb calorimeter. Results are given for pure cellulose and for cellulose that has been fire retarded by up to 3 wt.% sodium hydroxide. For heat fluxes simulating those in diffusion flames, the char yield is found to increase from 9 wt.% percent for pure cellulose to 30 wt.% for retarded cellulose. The effect of retardant addition is to decrease the heat of combustion per unit mass of (total) volatiles, but to increase the heat of combustion per unit mass of combustible volatiles. The heat of gasification (defined as the energy input required to generate a unit mass of volatiles) is determined from measurements of mass loss, surface temperature, and surface emissivity. For pure cellulose, the mass loss rate and surface temperature increase for higher applied heat fluxes while the heat of gasification decreases. At a fixed heat flux, retardant addition increases both the mass loss rate and surface temperature, which results in a decrease in the heat of gasification. Analysis of the volatiles shows that retardant addition increases the fraction of inert gases (carbon dioxide and water) in the pyrolysate, which reduces the fuel fraction from 69 wt.% for pure cellulose to 35 wt.% for retarded cellulose. The corresponding change in stoichiometric oxygen fuel ratio is from 1.6 for pure cellulose to a maximum value of 2.3 for retarded cellulose.
The utility of upper endoscopy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding

The utility of upper endoscopy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Die Ausdehnung des Schutzes der Krankenversicherung und der Arbeitsmarkt: Probleme und Politik in Lateinamerika

In den letzten 25 Jahren haben fast alle 20 Lander Lateinamerikas ihre Gesundheitssysteme reformiert, aber die im Schnitt bei 53 Prozent der Gesamtbevolkerung (und damit unter der Mindestnorm der IAO) liegende Deckung der Sozialversicherung schwankt zwischen 7 und 26 Prozent in zehn dieser Lander sowie stagniert oder sinkt in mindestens acht Landern, wobei der Zugang zur Gesund-heitsversorgung unzureichend ist. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir in einem ersten Teil den Wandel auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Deckung bei der sozialen Krankenversicherung, beschreiben die gesetzliche Deckung verschiedener Bevolkerungsgruppen, geben statistische Schatzungen zur Deckung/zum Zugang und deren Entwicklungstendenzen in den drei verschiedenen Bereichen (staatlicher Sektor, Sozialversicherung und Privatsektor), dokumentieren die Unterschiede in der Deckung anhand von Faktoren wie Einkommen, Geografie und ethnischer Zugehorigkeit und stellen fest, welche Schwierigkeiten bei der Eingliederung des informellen Sektors, der auf dem Lande lebenden, indigenen und armen Bevolkerung auftreten und wo die Ursachen fur die niedrige Deckung liegen und beschreiben die Zugangsbehinderungen. In einem zweiten Teil behandeln wir die Empfehlungen der internationalen Organisationen zu Deckung und Zugang, schlagen spezifische Maβnahmen zur Ausdehnung des Schutzes im Allgemeinen sowie fur Risikogruppen vor und beleuchten Fragestellungen, die weiteres statistisches Material und entsprechende Untersuchungen erfordern, wahrend der dritte Teil die Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen zusammenfasst.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 during the 24-hour metabolic clock and in response to hypoinsulinemia induced by fasting and Sandostatin in normal women.

Objective:To establish the relation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) with 24-hour metabolic excursions in normal healthy women and in response to acute interruption of metabolic homeostasis by hypoinsulinemia.Methods:Hourly blood samples during the 24-hour metabolic clock were obtained from seven normally cyclin women. Uniform dietary composition (50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein) and timing of meals (8 AM, 12 PM, and 6 PM) were prescribed. Daytime hypoinsulinemia was induced by omitting meals and by Sandostain (100 μg) administration. Changes in serum levels of glucose, insulin, cortisol, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 were measured.Results:The diurnal pattern of serum IGFBP-1 levels during the 24-hour metabolic clock was characterized by a rapid fall during the feeding phase of the day and a progressive 3.5-fold rise during nocturnal fasting; IGF-I levels were unchanged. Changes in IGFBP-1 levels were in parallel to those of cortisol and were inversely related to...
Epigenetics of estrogen receptor signaling: Role in hormonal cancer progression and therapy

Estrogen receptor (ERα) signaling plays a key role in hormonal cancer progression. ERα is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that modulates gene transcription via recruitment to the target gene chromatin. Emerging evidence suggests that ERα signaling has the potential to contribute to epigenetic changes. Estrogen stimulation is shown to induce several histone modifications at the ERα target gene promoters including acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation via dynamic interactions with histone modifying enzymes. Deregulation of enzymes involved in the ERα -mediated epigenetic pathway could play a vital role in ERα driven neoplastic processes. Unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic changes are reversible, and hence offer novel therapeutic opportunities to reverse ERα driven epigenetic changes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on mechanisms by which ERα signaling potentiates epigenetic changes in cancer cells via histone modifications.
Reactive power considerations in ATC computation

Abstract Reactive power impacts are considered in linear methods for computing Available Transfer Capability (ATC). A new approach that first determines the reactive power flows using the exact circle equation for the transmission line complex flow, and then determines ATC using active power distribution factors is given. The ideas are demonstrated on 3-bus and 7-bus systems, and the results are discussed and compared with those obtained without reactive power considerations, and full nonlinear solutions. The following text includes the text and results from the conference paper: “Reactive Power Considerations in Linear ATC Computation”, presented at the 1999 Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii, January 5–8, 1999.
Anion Recognition and Sensing by a New Macrocyclic Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex: A Selective Receptor for Iodide

A macrocyclic dinuclear copper complex, [Cu2II(1)Br3(H2O)]Br, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, in which the macrocycle is folded to form a bowl-shaped cavity. The sensing ability of the receptor has been studied for halides by UV−vis spectroscopy in water−acetonitrile (1:3, v/v) and water. The results indicate that the new receptor exhibits a strong affinity and selectivity for iodide.
Computer Modeling of Effect of Corrosion Macrocells on Measurement of Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete

The corrosion rate of steel in concrete can be significantly underestimated if corrosion is non-uniform, because of short-range uneven distribution of the excitation current during polarization measurements. This effect occurs in addition to large scale current distribution problems originating from the use of small counter electrodes or similar causes. Short range macrocells create zones that at low frequencies have much smaller interfacial impedance than the remainder of the steel. However, the impedance is small and uniform at high frequencies due to the presence of interfacial capacitance. The resulting variation of current distribution pattern with frequency prevents correct application of solution resistance compensation techniques. Finite difference computation of current distribution are combined with matrix analysis of the a.c. current distribution to illustrate this behavior. Calculations of the degree to which corrosion is underestimated as a function of system parameters are presented.
Bayesian Inference for the Negative Binomial Distribution via Polynomial Expansions

To date, Bayesian inferences for the negative binomial distribution (NBD) have relied on computationally intensive numerical methods (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo) as it is thought that the posterior densities of interest are not amenable to closed-form integration. In this article, we present a “closed-form” solution to the Bayesian inference problem for the NBD that can be written as a sum of polynomial terms. The key insight is to approximate the ratio of two gamma functions using a polynomial expansion, which then allows for the use of a conjugate prior. Given this approximation, we arrive at closed-form expressions for the moments of both the marginal posterior densities and the predictive distribution by integrating the terms of the polynomial expansion in turn (now feasible due to conjugacy). We demonstrate via a large-scale simulation that this approach is very accurate and that the corresponding gains in computing time are quite substantial. Furthermore, even in cases where the computing gains ...
Regression models for recurrent event data: Parametric random effects models with measurement error

Statistical methodology is presented for the statistical analysis of non-linear measurement error models. Our approach is to provide adjustments for the usual maximum likelihood estimators, their standard errors and associated significance tests in order to account for the presence of measurement error in some of the covariates. We illustrate the technique with a mixed effects Poisson regression model for recurrent event data applied to a randomized clinical trial for the prevention of skin tumours.
Oxidation of heterocyclic thioureas to form benzothiazoles and their copper(II) complexes

N-2-(5-picolyl)-N 0 -methoxyphenylthioureas are oxidized in alkaline ethanol solution by copper(II) to 2-(5-picolylamino)methoxybenzothiazoles and on air oxidation form [Cu(N,N)2] complexes. Coordination is via the pyridine and thiazole nitrogen atoms. Structural studies show these four-coordinate complexes are closer to tetrahedral than planar and show structural differences based on the position of the methoxy group on the aryl group. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Snail reaction to watercress leaf tissues : reinterpretation of a mutualistic 'alarm' hypothesis

1. Both emergent and submersed growth forms of the amphibious mustard watercress (Nasturtium officinale) contain appreciable concentrations of glucosinolate that deter feeding by a variety of aquatic grazers. Glucosinolate and myrosinase are stored separately in plant tissues, but undergo hydrolysis upon tissue damage to form characteristic isothiocyanates and nitriles. 2. Snails of the genus Physella readily consume yellowed, senescing leaves of watercress, yet are reluctant to attack fresh, green leaves. Laboratory behavioural studies confirm that these preferences are related to intrinsic properties of the leaves independent of periphyton concentrations. Snails are attracted to crushed yellow leaves, yet are actively repulsed by isothiocyanates liberated by crushed, green leaves, despite the higher nitrogen content of the green tissue. 3. The aversion response to crushed green leaves confirms reports by Haynes & Taylor (1984) and others that snails avoid crushed leaves of watercress. However, our interpretation of the interaction is distinctly different from theirs. Rather than a damaged plant signalling imminent danger to host periphyton grazers, the liberation of the compound 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate from damaged tissues acts as a deterrent that protects the plant against opportunistic herbivores, which include certain snail species.
Development of the 1929 munsell book of color: A historical review

Despite worldwide acceptance and usage of the Munsell color order system, accurate documentation of the experimental conditions associated with the original visual scaling experiments has not existed in the archival literature. Discussion with several coworkers involved in these scaling experiments has enabled us to provide a substantial portion of this documentation.
Molecular signatures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic interferon-α treatment: relationship with depression and fatigue.

Background Interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment for infectious disease and cancer causes high rates of depression and fatigue, and has been used to investigate the impact of inflammatory cytokines on brain and behavior. However, little is known about the transcriptional impact of chronic IFN-alpha on immune cells in vivo and its relationship to IFN-alpha-induced behavioral changes.
Real-Gas Effects in Foil Thrust Bearings Operating in the Turbulent Regime

In this study, an elastohydrodynamic model was created for predicting the pressure field in a compliant thrust bearing assembly lubricated by high pressure CO2. This application is of significance due to ongoing research into the closed-cycle supercritical CO2 turbine as a high-efficiency alternative to steam turbines. Hardware development for this concept has been led by Sandia National Laboratories, where turbomachinery running on gas foil thrust and journal bearings is being tested. The model accounts for the fluid velocity field, hydrodynamic pressure, and frictional losses within the lubrication layer by evaluating the turbulent Reynolds equation coupled with an equation for structural deformation in the bearings, and the fluid properties database RefProp v9.0. The results of numerical simulations have been compared with empirical correlations, with reasonable agreement attained. Of particular interest is the contrast drawn between the performance of high pressure CO2 as a lubricant, and ambient pressure air. Parametric studies covering a range of fluid conditions, operating speeds, and thrust loads were carried out to illustrate the value of this model as a tool for improved understanding and further development of this nascent technology.
The protection and management of saline lakes of therapeutic value in Romania

Major limnological features and the distribution of Romanian saline lakes of therapeutic use are described. Phenomena which affect mud formation and degradation are discussed and recommendations to protect and manage the lakes are put forward.
Choice of flat-band voltage, V/sub DD/ and diameter of ambipolar Schottky-barrier carbon nanotube transistors in digital circuit design

Performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) is advancing rapidly with simple digital logic circuits demonstrated. Typical Schottky barrier (SB)-mode operation of CNFETs, however, results in ambipolar conduction and a minimum leakage current exponentially increasing with the CNT diameter and power supply voltage when the transistor size is reduced. Ambipolar conduction imposes constraints on conventional CMOS applications. In this paper, we have studied the applicability of ambipolar SB CNFETs in conventional CMOS circuit design. The choice of CNT diameter and optimal supply voltage corresponding to the diameter has been discussed.
EARLY PRIMARY SUCCESSION ON MOUNT ST. HELENS: IMPACT OF INSECT HERBIVORES ON COLONIZING LUPINES

Bishop, J.G. 2002. Early primary succession on Mount St. Helens: impact of insect herbivores on colonizing lupines. Ecology 83: 191-202.
Transcriptional mechanisms of addiction: role of ΔFosB

Regulation of gene expression is considered a plausible mechanism of drug addiction, given the stability of behavioural abnormalities that define an addicted state. Among many transcription factors known to influence the addiction process, one of the best characterized is ΔFosB, which is induced in the brain's reward regions by chronic exposure to virtually all drugs of abuse and mediates sensitized responses to drug exposure. Since ΔFosB is a highly stable protein, it represents a mechanism by which drugs produce lasting changes in gene expression long after the cessation of drug use. Studies are underway to explore the detailed molecular mechanisms by which ΔFosB regulates target genes and produces its behavioural effects. We are approaching this question using DNA expression arrays coupled with the analysis of chromatin remodelling—changes in the posttranslational modifications of histones at drug-regulated gene promoters—to identify genes that are regulated by drugs of abuse via the induction of ΔFosB and to gain insight into the detailed molecular mechanisms involved. Our findings establish chromatin remodelling as an important regulatory mechanism underlying drug-induced behavioural plasticity, and promise to reveal fundamentally new insight into how ΔFosB contributes to addiction by regulating the expression of specific target genes in brain reward pathways.
Deterministic Capacity of Networks

In this paper we define the deterministic capacity of a network. The deterministic capacity is defined by restricting nodes to transmitting (asymptotically) deterministic functions of the messages in the network. It can be seen as an upper bound on the set of rates achieved by all possible decode- forward coding schemes, in an abstract sense. A key advantage of the deterministic capacity is that it can be found for a large class of networks, as opposed to the general Shannon capacity of networks, which is generally unknown, even for the relay channel. We derive the deterministic capacity of some MIMO relay channels in the low power regime. I. INTRODUCTION
Physical Activity and Older Adults: Expert Consensus for a New Research Agenda

Purpose: This study sought to advance the state of knowledge regarding physical activity and aging by identifying areas of agreement among experts regarding topics that are well understood versus those that are in urgent need of continued research efforts. Design and methods: We used a web-based survey with snowball sampling to identify 348 experts who were invited to complete a brief web-based survey. Responses were received from 38% of invited respondents. Results: Respondents reported that the efficacy and effectiveness of several types of physical activity were well understood but the dose–response relationship required for a health benefit was not. In general, more research is needed examining the effectiveness of programs on cognitive health outcomes and the impact of multiple risk factor programs. With respect to translation, more research is needed on how to maintain older adults in evidence-based programs and how to adapt programs for special populations. Researchers agreed that racial/ethnic minorities; persons with low socioeconomic status; and those with physical, intellectual, or mental health disability were substantially understudied. Finally, research on maintenance, implementation, and reach with respect to these populations was judged to be more urgently needed than research on efficacy and effectiveness. Implications: A substantial amount of consensus was found across a national group of experts. These findings should be instrumental in forging a new research agenda in the area of aging and physical activity.
Self-Diagnosing Wireless Mesh and Ad-Hoc Networks using an Adaptable Comparison-Based Approach

This paper considers the problem of self-diagnosis of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) using the comparison approach. In this approach, the network consists of a collection of n independent heterogeneous mobile or stationary hosts interconnected via wireless links, and it is assumed that at most sigma of these hosts are faulty. In order to diagnose the state of the wireless mesh and ad-hoc network, tasks are assigned to pairs of hosts and the outcomes of these tasks are compared. The agreements and disagreements among hosts are the basis for identifying the faulty ones. We develop a new distributed self-diagnosis protocol, called adaptive-DSDP, for MANETs and WMNs that identifies both hard and soft faults in a finite amount of time. We analyze the time and communication complexities of our protocol and compare it to existing self-diagnosis protocols
Analysis and reliability test to improve the data retention performance of EPROM circuits

Data retention lifetime is an important specification for the long term durability of EPROM circuits. While most of the published EPROM data retention results are based on empirical data, this paper presents an analytical approach which can be used to quantify EPROM data retention lifetime based on the circuit implementation. Two types of EPROM circuits are analyzed- a single transistor EPROM cell as well as a differential EPROM circuit. Using this new approach, the EPROM data retention performance is converted to a minimal residual gate charge requirement of the EPROM device which can then be used to directly compare and analyze the data retention performance of the EPROM circuits. The results of the analysis and comparison suggest that circuit implementation has great impact on EPROM data retention lifetime, and they also provide valuable insights on ways to improve the reliability of EPROM circuits. The analysis result of this paper on the differential EPROM circuit is further validated by wafer level reliability test (WLR) completed on an actual IC implementation, which suggests a good agreement between theoretical analysis and actual WLR data.
Social activity indicators for groupware

Suppose you're a member of a few development teams, working with people who are geographically dispersed. You're using distributed groupware to work with your team mates. How do you decide when to work on a project and when to ignore requests to work on a project, when there are enough users on the groupware system to bother using it, who is available to answer a question, and which applications should get the most real estate on your screen? To help answer these questions, distributed groupware systems must indicate something about the social world they represent-who is on the system and what they are doing. User interfaces for groupware (or computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) applications) must therefore convey social information. It's energizing to know, for example, that your team mates are busy working away on a project. And it's nice to know when your friends or colleagues are available on a chat system. You might not need to know the semantics of the messages or documents involved, just that some activity is occurring. This is true for systems used by work groups as well as those used by an organization or a community of users. We think such social indicators should be a standard part of the CSCW user interface. On the basis of social psychology theory, we believe that a class of social indicator, which we call social activity indicators, is a simple, powerful way to improve user-interface functionality. Furthermore, social activity indicators are easy to build.