cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomic heterogeneity of human herpesvirus 6 isolates.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the causative agent of the mild childhood disease exanthem subitum (1). Its role in adult disease and in more severe disease of children has not been defined, although preliminary studies have found evidence for changes in HHV-6 serologic status in association with episodes of mild, afebrile illness presenting with symmetrical lymphadenopathy (2). Viral DNA sequences have been found in B-cell lymphoma tissue (3) and cervical lymph nodes of normal individuals (4). HHV-6 has been isolated from people of several continents (1, 5–10). Seroprevalence studies indicate that most individuals have been infected (11–15) and that initial exposure to the virus occurs early in life (1, 11, 13, 14). The route or routes of infection have not been defined. Acquisition via breast milk has not been ruled out, but it is clear that another route of transmission must exist (16). The question of whether an individual can be infected by multiple strains of the virus has not been studied.
SGLT2 inhibition decreases oxygen consumption and increases oxygen tension in diabetic rats

Introduction Diabetes is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Recent data reports that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), slows down the progression of diab...
Preliminary Evidence for a Relationship Between Physiological Synchrony and Sexual Satisfaction in Opposite-Sex Couples.

Abstract Introduction Over the past 3 decades, our understanding of physiological synchrony (PS) has increased substantially. Research has shown that interpersonal PS is stronger in relationships characterized by emotional closeness and intimacy and that the magnitude of PS is moderated by relational satisfaction. Despite growing momentum for this area of study, no research to date has examined the relationship between PS and sexual satisfaction. Aim The current study seeks to elucidate the relationship between PS and sexual satisfaction using study tasks that have been used in previous research to assess PS. Methods Heterosexual couples completed several survey measures in a laboratory setting. They were then connected to an electrocardiogram and instructed to complete baseline, gazing, and mirroring tasks. Subsequently, heart rate (HR) data for each dyad were analyzed for PS using a moderated multilevel modeling approach. Main Outcome Measure Scores on the Sexual Satisfaction Scale were used to moderate dyadic coherence between male and female partner HRs over time. Results PS was detected in our sample, with both men reliably predicting the HR of their female partners, and women reliably predicting the HR of their male partners. Akaike information criterion values indicate the better fitting model for each task was for men predicting the women’s HRs. A significant interaction effect was found between observed PS during the mirroring task (with male HR predicting female HR) and overall sexual satisfaction scores. There was no relationship between PS during baseline or gazing and overall sexual satisfaction. Clinical Implications Results provide initial evidence for the relevance of PS in sexual dyanmics. Strengths & Limitations The current analysis used a dyadic psychophysiological approach to extend the growing body of literature on PS into the theoretically linked field of sexuality. Because of the small sample size and nondirectional nature of the study design, future research is needed to replicate and extend findings. Conclusion The ability of couples to co-regulate while attempting actively to synchronize (as in the mirroring task) may be connected to how they perceive and experience their sexual relationship. Conversely, more sexually satisfied couples may be more likely to synchronize physiologically. Taken together, these findings reflect the first evidence that PS and sexual satisfaction may be associated at the couple-level. Freihart BK, Meston CM. Preliminary Evidence for a Relationship Between Physiological Synchrony and Sexual Satisfaction in Opposite-Sex Couples. J Sex Med 2019;16:2000–2010.
Building thermal load prediction through shallow machine learning and deep learning

Abstract Building thermal load prediction informs the optimization of cooling plant and thermal energy storage. Physics-based prediction models of building thermal load are constrained by the model and input complexity. In this study, we developed 12 data-driven models (7 shallow learning, 2 deep learning, and 3 heuristic methods) to predict building thermal load and compared shallow machine learning and deep learning. The 12 prediction models were compared with the measured cooling demand. It was found XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boost) and LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) provided the most accurate load prediction in the shallow and deep learning category, and both outperformed the best baseline model, which uses the previous day’s data for prediction. Then, we discussed how the prediction horizon and input uncertainty would influence the load prediction accuracy. Major conclusions are twofold: first, LSTM performs well in short-term prediction (1 h ahead) but not in long term prediction (24 h ahead), because the sequential information becomes less relevant and accordingly not so useful when the prediction horizon is long. Second, the presence of weather forecast uncertainty deteriorates XGBoost’s accuracy and favors LSTM, because the sequential information makes the model more robust to input uncertainty. Training the model with the uncertain rather than accurate weather data could enhance the model’s robustness. Our findings have two implications for practice. First, LSTM is recommended for short-term load prediction given that weather forecast uncertainty is unavoidable. Second, XGBoost is recommended for long term prediction, and the model should be trained with the presence of input uncertainty.
Biologically-engineered mechanical model of a calcified artery

Vascular calcification is a commonly occurring pathological process and is recognized as an independent prognostic marker for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent progress in developing novel therapies to modify vascular calcification is critically hampered due to the lack of reliable in vitro experimental models that recapitulate the structural and mechanical attributes of calcified arteries. In this study, we show the ability to model the behavior of diffuse vascular calcification in vitro using biologically-engineered grafts approximating the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of arteries. Transmural calcification was achieved by exposing the acellular grafts of collagenous ECM to complete medium containing elevated Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) concentrations. It was found that increasing the serum concentration from 2% to 10% increased the extent and degree of calcification based on histochemical, ultrastructural, chemical and thermal analyses. The presence of variably-sized spherical calcific deposits within the matrix further confirmed its morphological similarity to pathologic calcification. Mechanical testing demonstrated up to a 16-fold decrease in compliance due to the calcification, consistent with prior reports for calcified arteries. The model developed thus has potential to improve the design and development of interventional devices and therapies for the diagnosis and treatment of arterial calcification. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of extensive vascular calcification makes angiographic/interventional procedures difficult due to reduced arterial compliance. Current attempts to develop safe and effective non-surgical adjunctive techniques to treat calcified arteries are largely limited by the lack of a physiologically relevant testing platform that mimics the structural and mechanical features of vascular calcification. Herein, we developed an off-the-shelf calcified artery model, with the goal to accelerate the pre-clinical development of novel therapies for the management of arterial calcification. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of an in vitro tissue-engineered model of diffuse arterial calcification.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel deletion regulates pathological but not developmental retinal angiogenesis.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are mechanosensitive ion channels that regulate systemic endothelial cell (EC) functions such as vasodilation, permeability, and angiogenesis. TRPV4 is expressed in retinal ganglion cells, Muller glia, pigment epithelium, microvascular ECs, and modulates cell volume regulation, calcium homeostasis, and survival. TRPV4-mediated physiological or pathological retinal angiogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TRPV4 is expressed, functional, and mechanosensitive in retinal ECs. The genetic deletion of TRPV4 did not affect postnatal developmental angiogenesis but increased pathological neovascularization in response to oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Retinal vessels from TRPV4 knockout mice subjected to OIR exhibited neovascular tufts that projected into the vitreous humor and displayed reduced pericyte coverage compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that TRPV4 is a regulator of retinal angiogenesis, its deletion augments pathological retinal angiogenesis, and that TRPV4 could be a novel target for the development of therapies against neovascular ocular diseases.
An Examination of Orchestras and Repertoire Performed at the Midwest Clinic From 1990 Through 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine invited orchestras and their selected repertoire at the Midwest Clinic from 1990 through 2019. A majority of invited orchestras (N = 261) were from the Unit...
Isolation and characterization of drought stress tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacter from chilli crop

Plant growth promoting rhizobacter (PGPR) are adapted to adverse conditions and protect plants from the deleterious effects of some environmental stresses. The aim of the present study, the drought tolerant plants growth promoting bacteria (PGRB) were isolate and characterized from chilli crop (CapsicumannumL). From the rhizosphere soil twelve bacteria were isolated and characterized based on their biochemical and sugar fermentation. The drought stress tolarent stains were screened by production of exo polysaccharides and the plant growth promoting activities like production of IAA and PO4 solubilization were screened. Therefore the present study report that PGRB showed good stress tolerance under drought condition in chilli crop.
Via-Minimization-Oriented Region Routing Under Length-Matching Constraints in Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits

It is known that the pipelined architecture in a rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) circuit can be constructed by inserting a set of path-balancing D-type flip-flops (DFFs) into some gate columns. Based on the assignment of the combined gates involving the splitters (SPLs) inside each gate column in the placement stage, the passive transmission line (PTL) region between two adjacent gate columns can be formed for a set of 2-pin connections in the routing stage. In this article, given a set of 2-pin connections with their length-matching constraints inside one PTL region, based on the concept of introducing a minimal set of vias in two available layers for single-flux-quantum (SFQ) pulse integrity, an efficient via-minimization-oriented routing algorithm can be proposed to minimize the routed width of one PTL region under length-matching constraint. By separating the wiring segments into sub-segments on some connections, the corresponding segments can be first assigned onto two available layers using a minimal set of vias. Furthermore, the introduced vias on the separated segments can be assigned onto feasible positions under the non-detouring and capacity constraints, and the monotonic river-routing process can be used to minimize the region width. Besides that, a set of flexible available areas can be constructed for the extension lengths on the given connections. Finally, one extra area can be accurately estimated and inserted for the extension lengths on the given connections and the zigzag detouring paths can be inserted into the available areas to satisfy the requirement of the extension lengths on the given connections. Compared with Kito’s algorithm and Yan’s algorithm in region routing under length-matching constraints, the experimental results show that our proposed routing algorithm can use reasonable CPU time to decrease 79.9% and 43.6% of the via number and 34.5% and 12.3% of the region width for 12 tested examples on average, respectively.
Acoustic orbital angular momentum Hall effect and realization using a metasurface

The article reports the orbital Hall effect in acoustics associated with coupling of intrinsic and extrinsic orbital angular momenta via modeling vortex beam propagation in an inhomogeneous medium.
An Intelligent Material with Chemical Pathway Networks.

A new type of material with embedded intelligence, namely 'intelligent plasma', is introduced. Such new material exhibits programmable chemical pathway networks resembling artificial neural networks. As a Markov process of chemistry, the chemical pathway network can be customized and thus the intelligent plasmas can be programmed to make their own decisions to react to the dynamic external and internal conditions. It finally can accomplish complex missions without any external controls from the humans while relying on its preprogrammed chemical network topology before the mission. To that end, only basic data input and readings are required without any external controls during the mission. The approach to 'if' conditions and 'while' loops of the programmable intelligent plasmas are also discussed with examples of applications including automatic workflows, and signal processing.
Screening for abuse and neglect of people with dementia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics of people with dementia and their caregivers (CGs) that are associated with mistreatment in order to inform clinicians about screening for mistreatment. DESIGN: A convenience sample of CG-care recipient (CR) dyads were assessed for literature-supported factors associated with mistreatment, and evidence of mistreatment for the prior year was collected. An expert panel considered the evidence and decided on occurrences of psychological abuse, physical abuse, and neglect based on criteria adopted before data collection. SETTING: Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-nine persons with dementia and their CGs. MEASUREMENTS: CG and CR characteristics (demographic, health, and psychosocial variables), relationship characteristics, and three elder abuse and neglect detection instruments. RESULTS: Mistreatment was detected in 47.3%. Variables associated with different kinds and combinations of mistreatment types included the CG's anxiety, depressive symptoms, social contacts, perceived burden, emotional status, and role limitations due to emotional problems and the CR's psychological aggression and physical assault behaviors. The combination of CR's physical assault and psychological aggression provided the best sensitivity (75.4%) and specificity (70.6%) for elder mistreatment as defined by the expert panel. This finding has potential to be useful as a clinical screen for detecting mistreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest important characteristics of older adults with dementia and their CGs that have potential for use in a clinical screening tool for elder mistreatment. Potential screening questions to be asked of CGs of people with dementia are suggested. Language: en
Mature T cells generated from single thymic clones are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous.

A limiting dilution system for cloning thymic CFU (CFUt) from murine bone marrow has been critically evaluated to test the clonal origin of the thymic colonies. Simultaneous limiting dilution transfer of three populations of bone marrow, each expressing a unique allelic cell surface determinant, resulted in independent segregation of donor-derived thymocyte populations within groups of recipient mice. Statistical analysis of the data allowed an estimate of 1 CFUt/3.3 x 10(4) i.v. transferred bone marrow cells. A pulse-chase experiment was utilized to establish whether CFUt seed directly to the thymus, or whether thymic seeding is secondary to extra-thymic engraftment. The results supported the conclusion that bone marrow CFUt utilize a specific interaction with thymic blood vessel endothelial cells to recognize and enter the thymus, and that this seeding occurs within 4 h of i.v. infusion. A kinetic analysis of emigration of the CFUt progeny into the peripheral blood revealed that, in most cases, an early wave of predominantly CD4+ CD8- lymphocytes emerges from the thymus approximately 4 wk after radiation and reconstitution. In a few cases, the first progeny of CFUt to emerge from the thymus were predominantly CD4- CD8+. Commitment of CFUt to TCR beta-chain rearrangements was assessed by quantitating expression of the V beta 8 family of TCR V region genes. Although some clones expressed a significantly higher or lower percentage of V beta 8+ cells, these differences were not stable with time. Thus, CFUt do not undergo absolute commitment to cell surface phenotype of TCR rearrangement, as reflected by the phenotypes of their progeny. Clones of mature peripheral progeny of CFUt could be expanded in culture in the presence of mitogen and growth factors; approximately 30 to 50% of proliferating clones could mediate cytotoxicity in a lectin-dependent assay, further indicating that CFUt are not absolutely committed to a particular T cell function.
Parody and Taste in Postwar American Television Culture

Introduction. The Parodic Impulse in the (Not-So) Fabulous Fifties 1. The New, Sick Sense: The Mediation of America's Health and Humor at Mid-Century 2. What, Me Subversive? MAD Magazine and the Textual Strategies and Cultural Politics of Parody 3. The Parodic Sensibility and the Sophisticated Gaze: Masculinity and Taste in Playboy's Penthouse 4. Ernie Kovacs and the Logics of Television Parody and Electronic Trickery 5. Black Tie, Straightjacket: Oscar Levant's Sick Life on TV Conclusion: Television for People Who Hate Television?
Constraints on dynamical flavor symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics: Vafa-Witten theorem

We examine the Dyson-Schwinger equation for the quark propagator in quantum chromodynamics by employing the gauge technique with the object of investigating spontaneously broken flavor symmetry in the chiral limit of vanishing current quark masses. We show that dynamical breakdown of flavorSU V (N F ) symmetry does not occur, thus reiterating an assertion by Vafa and Witten. Our analysis is limited to three flavors but is generalizable to an arbitrary number of flavors,N F>3.
XMM-Newton Observation of Fe K(alpha) Emission from a BAL QSO: Mrk 231

We present results from a 20 ksec XMM-Newton observation of Mrk 231. EPIC spectral data reveal strong line emission due to Fe K alpha, which has rarely been detected in this class, as BAL QSOs are very faint in the X-ray band. The line energy is consistent with an origin in neutral Fe. The width of the line is equivalent to a velocity dispersion approximately 18,000 kilometers per second and thus the line may be attributed to transmission and/or reflection from a distribution of emitting clouds. If, instead, the line originates in the accretion disk then the line strength and flat X-ray continuum support some contribution from a reflected component, although the data disfavor a model where the hard X-ray band is purely reflected X-rays. The line parameters are similar to those obtained for the Fe Ka line detected in another BAL QSO, H1413 + 117.
Conformation and Stereochemical Analysis of Drug Molecules

Stereochemical and conformational analyses are important aspects of drug discovery. From correctly defining the molecular structure to helping design better drug molecules, NMR has an role to play in answering these important questions within pharmaceutical research and development. A wealth of NMR parameters that can be related to three-dimensional structures are key to NMR's usefulness. Molecular modeling also has an important role to play in generating structures and allowing us to interpret data. Keywords: stereochemistry; conformation; NOEs; couplings; hydrogen bonds; RDCs; pharmaceuticals; medicinal chemistry
Videodensitometric system for measurement of vessel blood flow, particularly in the coronary arteries, in man

A system that allows the objective determination of blood flow in individual blood vessels (that is, coronary arteries) in intact man is described. Roentgenographic images (produced at a rate of 60/sec) are recorded on video tape before and during a single injection of radiopaque contrast material into the circulation and replayed any number of times. The dilution and dispersal of this contrast material can then be quantitatively determined from simultaneous indicatordilution (roentgen density) curves obtained from any site within the X-ray field by multiple roentgen videodensitometric analyses of the video tape record. Cyclic nonspecific changes in roentgen density due to motion of the vessel or catheter and changes in cardiac size and position are compensated for in real time measurements by digital computer. By obtaining the difference in mean transit times from indicator-dilution curves a measured distance apart along a coronary vessel, mean blood velocity can be determined and blood flow can then be calculated as the product of velocity and the vessel cross-sectional area obtained from biplane orthogonal roentgenograms. The effects of persisting contrast medium in the myocardium and cardiac chambers superposed in the videodensitometric sampling system are minimized by computer dynamic background cancellation techniques. Simultaneous determination of flow values in a canine "coronary" artery by roentgen videodensitometry and electromagnetic flowmeter show a good correlation ( r = 0.95) among flow values of less than 150 ml/min. Similar coronary artery-roentgen density curves suitable for videodensitometric determination of flow have been obtained from clinical catheterization studies in man.
Prediction models in cancer care

Prediction is ubiquitous across the spectrum of cancer care from screening to hospice. Indeed, oncology is often primarily a prediction problem; many of the early stage cancers cause no symptoms, and treatment is recommended because of a prediction that tumor progression would ultimately threaten a patient's quality of life or survival. Recent years have seen attempts to formalize risk prediction in cancer care. In place of qualitative and implicit prediction algorithms, such as cancer stage, researchers have developed statistical prediction tools that provide a quantitative estimate of the probability of a specific event for an individual patient. Prediction models generally have greater accuracy than reliance on stage or risk groupings, can incorporate novel predictors such as genomic data, and can be used more rationally to make treatment decisions. Several prediction models are now widely used in clinical practice, including the Gail model for breast cancer incidence or the Adjuvant! Online prediction model for breast cancer recurrence. Given the burgeoning complexity of diagnostic and prognostic information, there is simply no realistic alternative to incorporating multiple variables into a single prediction model. As such, the question should not be whether but how prediction models should be used to aid decision-making. Key issues will be integration of models into the electronic health record and more careful evaluation of models, particularly with respect to their effects on clinical outcomes.
Effect of temperature and pH on contraceptive gel viscosity.

The rheological properties of four commercially available spermicidal gels (two polyacrylic acid derivatives and two carboxymethylcellulose based) and their dilutions with a vaginal fluid simulant (pH 4.2) and a semen simulant (pH 7.7) were measured at 25°C and 37°C over a biologically relevant range of shear rates. All four gels were shear thinning with temperature-dependent rheological properties. The two types of gels responded differently to dilution. The rheological properties of the polyacrylic acid derivative gels were strongly dependent on the type of diluent used. Their viscosities after dilution with the semen simulant were 100 times greater than after comparable dilutions with the vaginal fluid simulant, this effect being due primarily to the higher pH. The cellulose gels did not exhibit such an effect. These results suggest that the polyacrylic acid and cellulose gels interact differently with the vaginal environment in vivo. Such differences could lead to differences in the extent and durability of epithelial coating.
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN REACTION TIMES UNDER VARYING CONDITIONS

24 children in Grades 2 and 5 performed a systematically ordered sequence of simple, choice, and precued RT tasks. The younger children's interpretation of instructions differed from that of older children and must be considered in interpreting their RTs.
Dynamic behavior of angle-of-attack vane assemblies

Nomenclature A = aspect ratio, w/S b = semichord, i.e., chord = 2b CLa =wing lift curve slope, dCL/da = 7rA/2 for very small A fn = natural frequency in Hz, co „/2ir h — transverse velocity of vane pivot axis, positive down h = transverse acceleration of vane pivot axis / = mass rotary moment of inertia of the vane assembly K = emperical stiction factor in dry friction term <£ = distance between vane pivot axis and vane center of pressure M = Mach number q = freestream dynamic pressure S = vane planform area U = freestream velocity, usually VEQV = (2q/p 0) Vl w = spanwise width a = angular displacement with respect to freestream direction, positive clockwise OL = angular velocity, da/dt a. = angular acceleration, da/dt \LD = dry friction coefficient \LV = viscous friction coefficient TT -3.14159... P0 = sea level density of air f = damping coefficient un = natural frequency, rad/sec
Synergistic neurotoxic effects of combined treatments with cytokines in murine primary mixed neuron/glia cultures.

Abstract Activation of brain glial cells with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the HIV-1 coat protein gp120, or β-amyloid-derived peptides, stimulates the expression of several cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) which have been proposed as causes of neurodegeneration in the brain. In the present study, the neurotoxic effects of several cytokines, alone or in various combinations, and the correlations of the release of lactate dehydrogenase, the loss of neurons, and the secretion of NO in brain neuronal cell injury were investigated in murine primary mixed neuronal/glial cell cultures. A specific combination of cytokines, i.e., IL-1 (1 ng/ml)+TNFα (10 ng/ml)/interferon-γ (IFNγ) (200 u/ml), induced a dramatic neuronal cell injury in the neuron/glia cultures, and its cytotoxic profile was very similar to that seen with the LPS/IFNγ-induced neuron injury. This indicates that among the many toxic immune mediators secreted in response to LPS, IL-1 and TNFα can mimic LPS as the triggering signals and primary mediators for glia-mediated neuron injury in the presence of IFNγ. This study provides new insights about the cytotoxic mechanism(s) for cytokine-mediated neuron injury.
Preoperative Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Remains a Significant Prognostic Variable in Predicting Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: Multiple investigators have argued that PSA may no longer be an accurate marker of prostate cancer biology. We determined whether the impact of PSA in predicting biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy has changed since the beginning of the PSA era.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,246 patients were identified from the Columbia University Comprehensive Urological Oncology Database who underwent radical prostatectomy by 1 of 3 surgeons between 1988 and 2003. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to the data to estimate the impact of PSA (logPSA) in predicting BCF (PSA 0.2 ng/ml or greater). To determine if the predictive impact of PSA changed over time, patients were classified based on year of surgery, and an interaction term between PSA and time was included. Finally concordance indexes were estimated to determine if the predictive ability of PSA has changed over time.Results: In a Cox model including PSA, year of surgery and a year/PSA interaction term, the impact of PSA appears to...
Analysis of Miniature Payloads Launched from an Airborne Gun Launch Platform

Nomenclature A = area, m B0 = wall blowing parameter CH = Stanton number for heat transfer CM = Stanton number for mass transfer cA, cN = axial and normal force coefficients cL, cD = lift and drag coefficients cP = specific heat at constant pressure, J=kg K cp = pressure coefficient P P1 = 12 1V 1 HD = geodetic altitude, m Hr = recovery specific enthalpy, J=kg h = specific enthalpy, J=kg h1 = 1 r=rc h2 = 1 h3 = ro r cos s Isp = specific impulse, s k = roughness height, mm M = Mach number _ mc = mass flow rate of char per unit area, kg=s m _ n = recession rate normal to surface, mm=s P = pressure, N=m q = rate of heat transfer per unit area, W=m Rb = sphere-cone base radius, m Rc = geocentric radius, m RD = geodetic radius, m Rn = sphere-cone nose radius, m Rx = Earth equatorial radius, m Rz = Earth polar radius, m Re = Reynolds number r, s = normal and lateral coordinates on implicit grid, m r, z = cylindrical coordinates on explicit grid, m rc = radius of curvature along a line measured normal to the surface, m ro = body circumferential radius of curvature, m u, v = velocity components, m=s V = projectile velocity, m=s Vc = velocity needed for circular orbit at given altitude, m=s z i = diffusion driving potential for mass species i = angle of attack, deg T = thermal diffusivity, m =s w = thermal absorptivity = flight-path angle, deg " = emissivity = momentum thickness, m c = cone angle of sphere-cone, deg l = longitude, deg s = surface inclination with respect to x axis, deg = thermal conductivity,W=m K = density, kg=m = flight heading, deg b = Stefan–Boltzman constant, W=m 2 K c = geocentric latitude, deg D = geodetic latitude, deg !e = angular velocity of Earth’s rotation ( 7:27221 10 5 rad=s)
SYNTHESIS AND EXCITED-STATE PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL RUTHENIUM NUCLEOSIDE : 5-RU(BPY)2(4-M-4'-PA-BPY)2+-2'-DEOXYURIDINE

The synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel ruthenium-modified nucleoside are reported. The key synthetic step to 5-[Ru(bpy)2(4-m-4‘-pa-bpy)]2+-2‘-deoxyuridine involves the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of a propargylamine-derivatized Ru(bpy)32+ and 3‘,5‘-dibenzoyloxy-2‘-deoxy-5-iodouridine. The long-lived 3MLCT excited state (1300 ns) of 5-[Ru(bpy)2(4-m-4‘-pa-bpy)]2+-2‘-deoxyuridine has an emission maximum centered at 640 nm. Step-scan Fourier transform infrared (S2FTIR) time-resolved spectroscopy reveals the excited-state electron to be localized on the modified bipyridine with the excited-state dipole oriented toward the 2‘-deoxyuridine.
Consolidating Complementary VMs with Spatial/Temporal-awareness in Cloud Datacenters

In cloud datacenters, effective resource provisioning is needed to maximize energy efficiency and utilization of cloud resources while guaranteeing the Service Level Agreement (SLA) for tenants. Previous resource provisioning strategies either allocate physical resources to virtual machines (VMs) based on static VM resource demands or dynamically handle the variations in VM resource requirements through live VM migrations. However, the former fail to maximize energy efficiency and resource utilization while the latter produce high migration overhead. To handle these problems, we propose an initial VM allocation mechanism that consolidates complementary VMs with spatial/temporal-awareness. Complementary VMs are the VMs whose total demand of each resource dimension (in the spatial space) nearly reaches their host’s capacity during VM lifetime period (in the temporal space). Based on our observation of the existence of VM resource utilization patterns, the mechanism predicts the lifetime resource utilization patterns of short-term VMs or periodical resource utilization patterns of long-term VMs. Based on the predicted patterns, it coordinates the requirements of different resources and consolidates complementary VMs in the same physical machine (PM). This mechanism reduces the number of PMs needed to provide VM service hence increases energy efficiency and resource utilization and also reduces the number of VM migrations and SLA violations. Simulation based on two real traces and real-world testbed experiments show that our initial VM allocation mechanism significantly reduces the number of PMs used, SLA violations and VM migrations of the previous resource provisioning strategies.
Diabatic Effects on Late-Winter Cold Front Evolution: Conceptual and Numerical Model Evaluations

The impact of diabatic heating on late winter frontogenesis is evaluated both through conceptual scaling and the use of high-resolution Eta Model simulations of a strong but relatively dry cold surface front that occurred during the Storm-scale Operational Research Meteorology Fronts Experiment Systems Test (STORMFEST) project. Although skies were clear ahead of the front, it was trailed by an extensive area of cloud cover that influenced frontal strength during the daylight hours by reducing solar insolation and sensible heat flux. An Eta control simulation of the event agreed reasonably well with observations and indicated intensification of the frontal temperature gradient during the daytime with a weakening at night. Additional simulations have been done to investigate sensitivity to several diabatic processes. These tests include the role of cloud shading on surface sensible heat flux, the role of soil moisture in the warm sector, and the role of evaporative cooling of precipitation in the light precipitation area behind the cold front. All of these diabatic processes have a measurable impact on the front, although soil moisture and cloud shading appear to play the most important roles. The moisture and static stability of the frontal environment were unfavorable for precipitation along the front, and the increase in frontal strength due to reduced surface sensible heat flux from extensive cloud shading behind the front did not significantly influence near-front precipitation for this event.
Evidence for higher-twist effects in hard. pi. p collisions at 200 GeV/c

In a study of large-p/sub T/ jet production in 200-GeV/c ..pi..p and pp collisions, we find evidence for pion-induced dijet events with little or no forward energy flow. The rate and characteristics of these events are compatible with the predictions of Berger and Brodsky for higher-twist processes. No corresponding signal is seen in pp collisions.
Conflict Strategies and Intimacy: Variations by Romantic Relationship Development and Gender

The purpose of the present study was to examine how relationship duration was related to conflict strategies and levels of intimacy in romantic relationships and how that might vary by gender. Participants completed self-report measures to assess perceived levels of reciprocal intimacy and reported uses of positive and negative conflict strategies. Results found an inverted U-shaped pattern for negative conflict strategies and a linear increase in levels of intimacy with duration. No differences were found for positive conflict strategies with duration. Gender differences were found for levels of intimacy, with women reporting higher levels of relationship intimacy as compared to men regardless of relationship duration; but, no gender differences were found for either positive or negative conflict strategies. Future research in this area should replicate these findings to further support the importance of romantic relationship development in examining relationship qualities such as conflict strategies and intimacy.
Wood shop, Sun Tzu, and patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy

t t ( s v f r m v Shop class was mandatory in the seventh grade, even for those with no long-term interest in the art of building things with one’s hands. Wisdom sometimes arises in unlikely places, and the dictum of woodworking, “measure twice, cut once,” elegantly captures the essence of an important doctrine that informs problem solving under any circumstances. Assessing resources, planning wisely, eliminating unnecessary effort and waste, and acting only when the outcome is certain are the techniques of the superior strategist. These techniques recite the warrior philosophy of Sun Tzu, which emphasizes that less is more and knowledge of the problem is the key to conflict resolution. The peak fficiency of this knowledge is to render conflict altogether nnecessary, or to “win without fighting.” Worst of all, is to ct without sufficient knowledge and preparation, which uarantees failure. Unfortunately, the recent landscape of cardiac implantble electrical device therapy for low ejection fraction heart ailure (HF) is littered with several exemplary failures of uch stunning magnitude that one wonders in retrospect hy the experiments were ever conducted. These efforts were motivated by an admirably driving zeal to transfer the beneficial therapy effects achieved in one group of patients to seemingly related, but ultimately quite different, groups of patients. The common irreducible constituent of these failures is a lack of complete knowledge of the problem such that the treatment target does not sufficiently satisfy the conditions for therapy success. Cardiac timing abnormalities in HF are the ideal target for electrical therapies. This is because optimal cardiac pump function depends on a condition of methodical arrangement of component parts that is precisely and dynamically orchestrated by electrical timing. This electromechanical ordering occurs at multiple anatomic levels: within atria, between atria and ventricles, between ventricles, and within especially the left ventricle (LV). Improper electrical timing disrupts these systematic arrangements, can occur in
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to aripiprazole initiation in a clozapine-intolerant patient

Purpose A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) secondary to aripiprazole in a schizophrenic patient previously managed with clozapine is reported. Summary A 42-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of schizophrenia (chronic paranoid type) arrived at the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of altered mental status and oliguria. The patient was previously managed with clozapine for 14 years, which was well tolerated until the patient developed urinary retention. As a result, clozapine was gradually discontinued over several weeks. Aripiprazole 30 mg orally once daily was initiated four days before her arrival at the ED. Approximately four days after starting aripiprazole therapy, the patient began experiencing tremors, confusion, and rigidity. Physical examination revealed poor inspiratory effort, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and decreased muscle strength. Initial blood work confirmed acute renal failure and leukocytosis. The patient developed both hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia; her urine myoglobin level was suggestive of rhabdomyolysis. In light of her fever, encephalopathy, autonomic instability, elevated creatine kinase levels, and muscle rigidity, a diagnosis of NMS was made. Supportive care in the form of cooling blankets, electrolyte management, and blood pressure control was provided to the patient. Bromocriptine was also initiated to restore her dopamine balance. Twenty days after the initial presentation, the patient was initiated on paliperidone 3 mg orally at bedtime, which was slowly increased to 9 mg over several weeks. Follow-up evaluation demonstrated no signs or symptoms of NMS. Laboratory test values were also within normal limits. Conclusion A 42-year-old Caucasian woman with schizophrenia who could no longer tolerate therapy with clozapine developed NMS secondary to the initiation of aripiprazole.
Probing Solvation-Shell Hydrogen Binding in Glassy and Sol−Gel Matrixes through Vibronic Sideband Luminescence Spectroscopy

The luminescence spectrum from Gd(III) contains vibronic sidebands that provide the vibrational frequencies of molecules that comprise the solvation shell surrounding this cation. The vibronic sidebands obtained from Gd(III) in porous sol−gel matrixes as a function of added glycerol and in trehalose-derived glassy matrixes are used to probe matrix- and solvent-induced changes in the hydrogen bonding between first- and second-shell solvent molecules. The results provide direct insight into the origin of the damped dynamics observed for guest proteins within these types of matrixes. The results are also consistent with the retention of water within the first solvation shell for both the glassy matrixes and the glycerol-bathed sol−gel.
A pilot study of AIDS education and counseling of high-risk adolescents in an office setting

Little is known about interventions in office practices aimed toward reducing behaviors that put adolescents at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. We therefore targeted a pilot study of HIV education and counseling to high-risk adolescents. Ninety adolescent patients (mean age, 17.6 +/- 2.0 years) were interviewed in a hospital-based adolescent clinic by two physicians and randomized to two groups: 1) a standard care group that was interviewed about high-risk behaviors at 0 and 2 months; and 2) an intervention group that was similarly interviewed but was also given a detailed discussion about HIV risks and prevention. At follow-up (mean, 2.6 +/- 0.8 months), 25% of patients reported less sexual activity (standard care, 32%; intervention, 18%) toward a trend. The reduction in mean number of partners per month was 0.4 +/- 0.9, (p = 0.0001). Fifty-four percent of the patients reported that they used condoms more often than previously with no significant difference between the two groups. Use of condoms ("always use") increased in both groups significantly (p = 0.03 standard care, p = 0.02 intervention). Use of condoms at last intercourse increased in the intervention group (37% to 42%, p = 0.03). In the interval, there were no significant differences between the groups in the number of newly diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases or in the number of patients seeking HIV testing. The number of patients stating that they shared needles decreased from 3 to 0. Both the intervention and standard care groups reported a reduction in high-risk behaviors that was temporally related to the discussion of this subject in the clinic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unilateral depletion of testicular glutathione levels in the rat following intratesticular injections of diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine.

Abstract A method was developed to selectively deplete glutathione (GSH) in a single rat testis. Using intratesticular injections of a mixture of two GSH-depleting agents, diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine, testicular GSH levels were decreased to 33–54% of control 2 hr after injection and remained suppressed for 24 hr. GSH levels in the contralateral testis and liver were not affected by this treatment. Comparisons between GSH-depleted and vehicle-injected (contralateral) testes, evaluated 2 weeks later, showed that although testis and epididymal weights and cauda epididymal sperm reserves were slightly reduced (to ≥90% of controls), no changes were seen in testicular spermatid counts or in the morphology or motility of cauda epididymal sperm. An increase in histologically abnormal tubules localized to the injection site occurred in some GSH-depleted testes; however, the proportion of normal tubules containing step 19 spermatids was not affected. Thus, intratesticular injections of GSH-depleting agents selectively lowered GSH levels in the treated testis, with minimal adverse effects. This protocol can now be applied to investigate specific roles of GSH in the testes, particularly with regard to the possible modulation of the effects of testicular toxicants.
Atmospheric Radon Measurements in the Arctic; Fronts, Seasonal Observations, and Transport of Continental Air to Polar Regions

Abstract Radon was determined in the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean in flights of a United States Naval Research Laboratory aircraft in April and May 1974. Simultaneously collected air samples were analyzed for carbon monoxide, methane, trichlorofluoromethane, and carbon tetrachloride. Flights at 305 m altitude found significant spatial and temporal variations in Arctic air masses and the formation of succinct fronts during warm air advection. Radon measurements, Defense Meteorological Satellite Project images, and conventional meteorological charts demonstrated the transport of North American air west of Greenland and of marine air and European air east of Greenland to the Arctic Ocean basin. Radon and the other trace gases served to identify stratospheric air masses, and showed that continental southern air did not penetrate over the Arctic Ocean basin at high altitudes (7.6–8.2 km). Trace gas measurements aboard ships and aircraft during different seasons in the Arctic suggest that seasonal variation...
The role of the Food and Drug Administration in development and standardization of tests for HIV and HTLV-I.

FDA REGULATION OF HIV TESTS Under the Public Health Service Act and the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is involved in the regulation of drugs, biologics, and devices that are distributed in interstate commerce. We regulate manufacturing in order to insure safety and efficacy of such products for their labeled indications. We have chosen to regulate retroviral diagnostic test kits as biologics because of their use as screening tests for donated blood and plasma. These tests are also approved for use as clinical diagnostics. Standardization of licensed tests for HIV antibodies
Activation of toll‐like receptor 3 protects against DSS‐induced acute colitis

Background: Mimetics of bacterial DNA, given orally or subcutaneously, protect mice from experimental colitis via a toll-like receptor (TLR)-9-dependent mechanism. The goal of the study was to define whether synthetic viral RNA, polyinosinic acid:cytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which is also a potent immunomodulator, might also affect murine colitis and, if so, define whether such effects were mediated by TLR3, which is one of at least 4 known receptors for this viral RNA analog. Methods: Mice (C57BL6, IL-10KO, or TLR3 KO) were administered 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. Two hours before treatment with DSS, mice were given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or poly(I:C) 20 μg subcutaneously (s.c.), or 100 μg intragastrically (i.g.). Results: In wildtype mice s.c. administration of poly(I:C) dramatically protected against DSS-induced colitis as assessed by every parameter analyzed, which included body weight, rectal bleeding, colonic myeloperoxidase, histopathology, serum keratinocyte-derived chemokine, serum amyloid A, and lipocalin-2. In contrast, i.g. administration of poly(I:C) offered no protection in this colitis model nor did its administration activate the innate immune system as assessed by serologic parameters. Subcutaneous poly(I:C) protected against DSS-induced colitis equally well in C57BL6 and IL-10KO mice, indicating that this antiinflammatory cytokine is not required for such protection. Protection against colitis given by poly(I:C) treatment was ablated in TLR3 KO, indicating that the protective action of this viral RNA analog was mediated by this receptor. Conclusions: Activation of TLR3 on cells that are accessible by systemic, but not oral, administration of synthetic viral RNA results in protection against the acute inflammation that can ensue upon damage of the gut epithelium. Thus, this viral RNA analog, which is under clinical trials for other inflammatory disorders (e.g., lupus), may also have therapeutic value for inflammatory bowel disease. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)