cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid transport by mammalian endothelial cells.

Abstract Despite the ever-growing body of literature reporting the effects of flavonoids on animals at both the cellular and systemic levels, one of the most basic questions—“Are the effects of flavonoids on animal cells initiated through their interaction with extracellular targets or intracellular targets?”—has yet to be addressed. Because many effects of flavonoids on cells can be detected within minutes of flavonoid application and because flavonoids diffuse across lipid membranes slowly or not at all, intracellular mechanisms would necessitate a flavonoid transport system for rapid flavonoid uptake. The specific aims of this investigation were (1) to determine if endothelial cells contain a mechanism that mediates rapid flavonoid uptake and (2) to provide evidence for or against the hypothesis that rapid flavonoid effects on endothelial cell synthesis of prostacyclin and endothelin are initiated through the interaction of flavonoids with intracellular targets. Data show that bovine and human aortic endothelial cells possess a transport system that mediates rapid uptake of the flavonoid morin and suggest that the flavonoid uptake system utilizes a variety of oxygenated phenolic compounds as substrates. Further investigation into flavonoid transport should expedite future investigation into the mechanisms of flavonoid actions, because it may allow research to focus on the cellular locations where flavonoids are concentrated. Although endothelial cells contain a mechanism for the rapid uptake of morin, data reported herein suggest that morin initiates its rapid effects on endothelial cell synthesis of prostacyclin and endothelin through an interaction with extracellular targets.
Plume optical transmission studies of a thin 2-propanol layer lifting off from a laser-heated Si substrate

Plume velocities were measured in air by an optical transmission technique as a function of laser fluence using a KrF laser for explosive boiling and lift-off of a thin variable thickness 2-propanol layer on a laser-heated Si substrate of interest for laser-assisted particle removal. The plume velocities were found to diminish with an increase in the thickness of the 2-propanol layer. This dependence was explained on the basis of the the momentum conservation rule, assuming explosive expansion of the superheated alcohol layer under spinodal conditions.
Alternative measures of response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Drosophila melanogaster

Studies of invertebrate immune defence often measure genetic variation either for the fitness cost of infection or for the ability of the host to clear the parasite. These studies assume that variation in measures of resistance is related to variation in fitness costs of infection. To test this assumption, we infected strains of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, with a pathogenic bacterium. We then measured the correlation between host bacterial load and the ability to survive infection. Despite the presence of genotypic variation for both traits, bacterial load and survival post-infection were not correlated. Our results support previous arguments that individual measures of immune function and the host's ability to survive infection may be decoupled. In light of these results, we suggest that the difference between tolerance and resistance to infection, a distinction commonly found in the plant literature, may also be of value in studies of invertebrate immunity.
The Authority of Prints: an early modern perspective

This article addresses some of the circumstances, and consequences, of the peculiar authority invested in copperplate prints in the early modern period. At issue are a whole range of kinds of agency and efficacy that were active in early modern thinking about printed images – ones which neither ‘aura’ (what mechanical reproduction, by Walter Benjamin’s lights, was supposed to rob) nor William M. Ivins Jr.’s account of prints as ‘exactly repeatable pictorial statements‘ adequately captures. Sustained attention is paid to the radical recombinability of prints and the competing oeuvres and authorships (constructions inseparable from discrete collections of a printmaker’s output) that arose from this fact. A second area of preoccupation is the interalization of printmaking technologies and the proliferation of a set of intaglio metaphors used to conceptualize how sensations were recorded in the mind and retrieved as units of knowledge. The experience of prints figured as both cause and effect of these early modern habits of thought. If the mind was thought to be like an engraved copper plate or a sheet of paper imprinted with figures, it is asked, what of the interface with its material referents? What might be thought to happen when people with print- or plate-like minds looked at printed images? Prints by Abraham Bosse and Clause Mellan supply partial answers.
Recruitment of Tyrosine Phosphatase HCP by the Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptor

Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells and by some cytotoxic T cells occurs unless prevented by inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC class I on target cells. Human NK cells express a p58 inhibitory receptor specific for HLA-C. We report association of the tyrosine phosphatase HCP with the p58 receptor in NK cells. HCP association was dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of p58. Phosphotyrosyl peptides corresponding to the p58 tail bound and activated HCP in vitro. Furthermore, introduction of an inactive mutant HCP into an NK cell line prevented the p58-mediated inhibition of target cell lysis. These data imply that the inhibitory function of p58 is dependent on its tyrosine phosphorylation and on recruitment and activation of HCP.
Isospora puella sp. n. (Apicomplexa) from a Bluebird, Irena puella (Passeriformes: Irenidae)

Summary: A new species of coccidian is reported from the fairy bluebird, Irena puella (Passeriformes: Irenidae) housed at the Topeka Zoological Park in Kansas. Oocysts of Isospora puella Spa n. are subspherical, 25.3 × 23.1 (22.4−28.0 × 20.4−24.8) J.Jm with a shape index (length/width) of 1.10 (1.02−1.15). A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent but a splintered polar granule is present. The sporocysts are large and ellipsoidal, 20.1 × 11.9 (19.0−22.4 × 10.4−14.4) J.Jm, possess Stieda and substieda bodies, and have a shape index of 1.69 (1.56−1.85). The sporocyst residuum is large and consists of thousands of small granules enclosed in membrane.
Hollow silica nanospheres containing a silafluorene–fluorene conjugated polymer for aqueous TNT and RDX detection

Attachment of a copolymer of silafluorene and fluorene to 100 nm hollow silica nanoparticles provides a new method to detect aqueous TNT and RDX with a low detection limit using the suspended fluorescent nanoshells.
Formation of Nanotubes and Nanocoils by Spontaneous Self-Rolling of Aluminum (001)/(111) Bilayer

This article introduces a novel nanomechanical architecture to form pure metallic nanotubes or nanocoils via spontaneous self-rolling of initial planar free-standing bilayer thin films. Our molecular dynamics simulation results show that if the film is only a few nanometers thick, the spontaneous reorientation of the (001) top layer leads to rolling-up of the initially planar, free-standing, (001)/(111) bilayer into a tubular or coiled structure. The driving force for this process is given by the existence of an initial mismatch strain between the 2-nm-thick layers of different textures. Our detailed analysis of the reorientation process indicates that the bilayer self-rolling is determined by both energetic and kinetic processes characterizing the spontaneous structural reorientation of the top (001) textured layer to the (111) orientation of the substrate layer. Specifically, the analysis of the simulation results indicates that reorientation of the (001) top layer proceeds via a mechanism characterized by nucleation from multiple sites, propagation, and growth of the new (111)-oriented domains embedded in the original (001)-oriented layer. While individually the newly formed (111) domains grow free of defects, a region containing a surface dislocation-like linear defect forms at the boundary where two such domains meet. The equilibrium of the newly formed bilayer structure containing the surface dislocations is attained by multiple localized bendings of the bilayer structure about the direction coinciding with the dislocations line (the \( [\bar{1}10] \) direction). The spacing (density) of the nucleation is a function of temperature and influence the radius of curvature of the resulting structure.
Wetting front instability in unsaturated porous media: a three-dimensional study in initially dry sand

Three-dimensional fingers caused by gravity driven, wetting front instability in unsaturated porous media were explored through laboratory experimentation. Two sets of experiments were conducted using initially dry sand in large 30 cm diameter columns to guide analytical development for finger velocity and diameter. The first set consisted of ponding water on a two-layer sand system with a fine sand overlying a coarse sand. Here, a complicated pattern of interaction among fingers was found to occur. In the second set, water was applied directly to the coarse layer as 2 cm diameter area sources, enabling systematic study of individual finger structure. Based on dimensional analysis and the experimental results, general relationships were found for finger velocity and cross-sectional area as a function of both the flux through the finger and hydraulic properties of the coarse layer represented by the sorptivity, saturated conductivity, and initial and saturated moisture contents. Unlike the two-dimensional case, air entrapment was an important factor in explaining the experimental results.
Assessing the Comparability of Ammonium, Nitrate and Sulfate Concentrations Measured by Three Air Quality Monitoring Networks

Airborne fine particulate matter across the United States is monitored by different networks, the three prevalent ones presently being the Clean Air Status and Trend Network (CASTNet), the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment Network (IMPROVE) and the Speciation and Trend Network (STN). If combined, these three networks provide speciated fine particulate data at several hundred locations throughout the United States. Yet, differences in sampling protocols and samples handling may not allow their joint use. With these concerns in mind, the objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal comparability of the sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations reported by each of these networks. One of the major differences between networks is the sampling frequency they adopted. While CASTNet measures pollution levels on seven-day integrated samples, STN and IMPROVE data pertain to 24-hour samples collected every three days. STN and IMPROVE data therefore exhibit considerably more short-term variability than their CASTNet counterpart. We show that, despite their apparent incongruity, averaging the data with a window size of four to six weeks is sufficient to remove the effects of differences in sampling frequency and duration and allow meaningful comparison of the signals reported by the three networks of concern. After averaging, all the sulfate and, to a lesser degree, ammonium concentrations reported are fairly similar. Nitrate concentrations, on the other hand, are still divergent. We speculate that this divergence originates from the different types of filters used to collect particulate nitrate. Finally, using a rotated principal component technique (RPCA), we determined the number and the geographical organization of the significant temporal modes of variation (clusters) detected by each network for the three pollutants of interest. For sulfate and ammonium, the clusters' geographical boundaries established for each network and the modes of variations within each cluster seem to correspond. RPCA performed on nitrate concentrations revealed that, for the CASTNet and IMPROVE networks, the modes of variation do not correspond to unified geographical regions but are found more sporadically. For STN, the clustered areas are unified and easily delineable. We conclude that the possibility of jointly using the data collected by CASTNet, IMPROVE and STN has to be weighed pollutant by pollutant. While sulfate and ammonium data show some potential for joint use, at this point, combining the nitrate data from these monitoring networks may not be a judicious choice.
Excitation of high altitude red auroral arcs

Abstract The excitation of high altitude red auroral arcs is discussed using extensive observational data obtained for one such arc which occurred at College, Alaska, in the evening of 27 November 1959. The are cannot be explained solely by thermal effects or local accelerating fields. Charged particles incident on the atmosphere must be invoked. It is argued that these particles are probably protons rather than electrons. The mean proton energy is estimated to be a few keV. A proton flux of 1 × 1010 cm−2 sec−1 is required to account for the maximum observed luminosity.
Mean flow development and surface heating for an attaching compressible free shear layer

References 1 "Apollo 16 Brings Us Visions from Space," National Geographic, Vol. 142, No. 6, Dec. 1972, pp. 856-865. 2 Baldwin, H. L., "Orbit Display Using the SC-4020," Kept. 63-0459, 1963, General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, Calif. 3 Hitzl, D. L., "Computer Graphics," Internal Note, Oct. 1969, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab., Palo Alto, Calif. 4 Hitzl, D. L. and Shayer, S., "Computer Illustrations," Internal Note, Oct. 1969, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab., Palo Alto, Calif. 5 Hitzl, D. L., "The Relative Motion of Commensurate Earth Satellites," Internal Note, Aug. 1971, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab., Palo Alto, Calif. b Madigan. J. T.< "Orbit Display Using the SC-4020 Subroutine MPLOT," Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif., 1963.
Touch Receptor of Venus Flytrap, Dionaea muscipula

Numerous small structures (stellate trichomnes) protrude from the surface of marginal hairs, outer leaf surface, and stem of Dionaea muscipula Ellis. None are present inside the trap. Mechanical stimulation causes small action potentials and eventual closure of the trap, independently of the sensitive trigger hairs. Subthreshold stimulation of these structures appears to sensitize the trigger hairs and facilitate closure of the trap. This suiggests that these structures act as touch sensors or receptors.
Design and performance analysis of a massively parallel atmospheric general circulation model

In the 1990's, computer manufacturers are increasingly turning to the development of parallel processor machines to meet the high performance needs of their customers. Simultaneously, atmospheric scientists studying weather and climate phenomena ranging from hurricanes to El Ni\~{n}o to global warming require increasingly fine resolution models. Here, implementation of a parallel atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) which exploits the power of massively parallel machines is described. Using the horizontal data domain decomposition methodology, this FORTRAN 90 model is able to integrate a $0.6^{\circ}$ longitude by $0.5^{\circ}$ latitude problem at a rate of 19 Gigaflops on 512 processors of a Cray T3E 600; corresponding to 280 seconds of wall-clock time per simulated model day. At this resolution, the model has 64 times as many degrees of freedom and performs 400 times as many floating point operations per simulated day as the model it replaces.
Probing the conformational heterogeneity of the acetylaminofluorene-modified 2'-deoxyguanosine and DNA by 19F NMR spectroscopy.

19F NMR spectroscopy was used to probe the conformation of a DNA adduct derived from the carcinogen 7-fluoro-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (FAAF) in three structural contexts: as a monomer and incorporated into single- and double-stranded DNA. The 19F NMR spectrum of dG-C8-FAAF [N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N-acetyl-7-fluoro-2-aminofluorene] in methanol at -30 degrees C exhibited four interconvertible signals in a 11:52:26:11 ratio. Dynamic NMR analysis indicated that the four torsional isomers arise from restricted rotation about the amide (gamma) (14.4 kcal/mol) and the guanyl-nitrogen (alpha) bonds. The conformational heterogeneity persisted in a single strand FAAF-12-mer, d(CTTCTTG[FAAF]ACCTC), whose 19F NMR spectrum at 22 degrees C and pH 7.0 gave only two signals in a 40:60 ratio, instead of four. The two 19F signals followed a two-site exchange with the rotation barrier of 14.7 kcal/mol about the amide (gamma') bond. A similar conformational theme was observed in the FAAF-12-mer duplex, d(CTTCTTG[FAAF]ACCTC).d(GAGGTCAAGAAG), which revealed two 19F resonances in a 41:59 ratio at 22 degrees C and pH 7.0. According to solvent-induced isotope and magnetic anisotropy effects, the two duplex conformers adopt exclusively a base displacement structure, being different only in their relative acetyl group orientations, cis (gamma' approximately 180 degrees) or trans (gamma' approximately 0 degrees ). Dynamic NMR data indicated that the two conformers do not exchange over a wide range of temperatures. This contrasts with the nonacetylated counterpart, which exhibits an equilibrium between the "B-type" and "stacked" conformers [Zhou, L., et al. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5384-5389]. The exclusive stacked nature of the AAF adducts may provide insight into why AAF adducts are more mutagenic and prone to repair than the nonacetylated AF adducts.
Some common features of periodically forced reacting systems

Abstract Some fundamental qualitative features of the dynamic response of chemical reacting systems to periodic forcing are described. Models considered are a homogeneous autocatalytic reaction (a Brusselator), a bimolecular surface reaction and the nonisothermal CSTR. These systems oscillate spontaneously, and the interaction of cycling an operating variable with the natural frequencies of the systems is examined. Numerical techniques employed include fixed point (shooting) as well as polynomial approximation methods for the computation of periodic trajectories, an algorithm for the computation of invariant tori and pseudoarc length continuation of solution branches. Phenomena examined are entrainment, frequency locking, bifurcations to invariant tori, breaking of tori and period doubling cascades. Description of these phenomena in forced systems facilitates the understanding of coupling between nonlinear systems in general.
The Antiquity and Significance of Effigies and Representational Art in Southern California Prehistory

AbstractZoomorphic and abstract effigies of the southern California mainland and the Channel Islands have long been thought to date to the late Holocene. However, a comprehensive review of radiocarbon dates from several sites containing effigies, along with findings from recent investigations, suggest that this representational art form began by at least the middle Holocene (ca. 3000 cal B.C.), if not earlier. The timing and point of origin of this uniquely Californian artistic tradition are critical to discerning potential interaction spheres, population dynamics, and linguistic patterns in coastal southern California prehistory.
Insertion of dimethylsilylene into OH and NH single bonds

Abstract Dimethylsilylene, generated by photolysis of dodecamethylcyclohexasilane, inserts efficiently into OH single bonds of alcohols to yield alkoxydimethylsilanes. Use of ethanol-O-d1 yields ethoxydimethylsilane-Si-d1. Dimethylsilylene also inserts into OH single bonds of water or D2O to yield respectively tetramethyldisiloxane or tetramethyldisiloxane-Si2-d2. Dimethylsilylene also inserts into NH bonds of primary and secondary amines to yield aminodimethylsilanes. This reaction provides an efficient route to difunctional silanes.
The Silver Hand: Authenticating the Alaska Native Art, Craft and Body

AbstractSince 1972, the Silver Hand has been the State of Alaska's official authentication program for Alaska Native arts and crafts. This paper examines the Silver Hand in the context of a twentieth-century lineage of authenticity regulations for Alaska Native hand-made goods, emphasizing the importance of the Native body to constructions of authenticity. The paper also considers the most recent proposals for the Silver Hand to authenticate Alaska Native ‘art’ rather than ‘craft.’” Regardless of changes in taxonomies or legislation, however, the Native body remains the primary measure of authenticity for Alaska Native goods. N.B.: On April 10, 2008, while this writing was in press, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin signed into law the new Silver Hand legislation in Senate Bill 97. All proposals discussed in this paper will become Alaska State law on July 9, 2008.
Simple Paper Electrophoretic Method for detecting Macroglobulinæmia

ABNORMALLY high concentrations of macroglobulins are known to occur in a number of disease states1. Detection has depended on certain preliminary tests2,3, at times complicated by either false positive or false negative reactions. Definitive evidence is provided only by analytical ultracentrifugation, a procedure not conveniently available at all medical centres.
Study of the Surface Chemical Reactions of Thiophene with Ag/Titania by the Complementary Temperature-Programmed Electron Spin Resonance, Temperature-Programmed Desorption, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Adsorption, Desorption, and Sorbent Regeneration Mechanisms

Reaction of thiophene with the ultradeep desulfurization sorbent Ag/titania under ambient conditions was studied by the multiple complementary temperature-programmed techniques: electron spin reson...
A thermally induced alteration in lysosome membranes: Salt permeability at 0 and 37 °C

Abstract Preparations of radioactive lysosomes were obtained from mouse kidney after injection of radioactive iodine-labeled bovine ribonuclease. Stability of these lysosomes in various media was estimated from measurements of proteolytic activity towards the ribonuclease, and of ribonuclease retention in particles. The lysosomes were stable at 37 °C in isotonic, sucrose-free solutions of KCl, NaCl and potassium acetate, and in mixtures of these with MgCl 2 , showing that these salts are relatively impermeant through the lysosomal membranes. The membranes were less permeable to Na + than to K + . Both KCl and NaCl exerted their optimal protective effects over a broad concentration range above 0.125 M in 0.025 M acetate buffer. Mg 2+ enhanced the protective effect of both K + and Na + ; the osmotic effect of 0.075 M NaCl-0.05 M MgCl 2 was indistinguishable during the entire course of ribonuclease digestion from that of isotonic sucrose. Osmotic protection by KCl-MgCl 2 was demonstrated over the pH range 5.5–7.0. A marked alteration in membrane properties occurs at lower temperatures in 0.11 M KCl-0.01 M MgCl 2 such that, at 0 °C, K + permeability is much higher than at 37 °C, as shown by a several-fold decrease in stability at the lower temperature.
Receptor-dependence of the transcription read-out in a small-molecule three-hybrid system

Small-molecule three-hybrid systems show promise as an in vivo alternative to affinity chromatography for detecting small-molecule-protein interactions. While several three-hybrid systems have been reported, little has been done to characterize these systems and, in particular, to test the assumption that the protein-small-molecule interaction can be varied without disrupting the transcription read-out. Recently we reported a dexamethasone-methotrexate chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) for use in the yeast three-hybrid system, based on the well-studied ligand-receptor pairs dexamethasone (Dex)-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and methotrexate (Mtx)-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Here we describe our first efforts to characterize this system, by focusing on a comparison of the activity of a bacterial and a mammalian DHFR as a test case of the influence of the ligand-receptor pair on the transcription read-out. By using a lacZ reporter gene, the activity of several GR and DHFR protein chimeras with different orientations and linker sequences and Dex-Mtx CIDs with different chemical linkers have been compared. In addition, Western analyses and in vivo biochemical assays have been carried out to confirm the integrity of the GR and DHFR protein chimeras. The transcription read-out is found to be much more sensitive to the structure of the protein chimeras than the CID. The most surprising result is that the levels of transcription activation are consistently higher with the bacterial than the mammalian DHFR, despite the fact that both proteins bind Mtx with an inhibition constant (K(I)) in the low pM range. These results set the stage for understanding three-hybrid systems at the biochemical level so that they can be used to detect ligand-receptor pairs with a range of structures and dissociation constants.
Green function analysis of a Raman FEL

Abstract This paper derives, in closed form, the Green function of an FEL operating in the strongly Raman regime. This Green function allows for the calculation of the temporal and spacial evolution of an arbitrary input radiation pulse. For the first time superradiance, originally studied in Compton regime by Bonifacio and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 70; Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 239 (1985) 36], has been seen numerically in a strongly Raman FEL.
Heliospheric X-ray Emission Associated with Charge Transfer of the Solar Wind with Interstellar Neutrals.

X-rays should be generated throughout the heliosphere as a consequence of charge transfer collisions between heavy (Z > 2) solar wind ions and interstellar neutrals. The high charge state solar wind ions resulting from these collisions are left in highly excited states and emit extreme ultraviolet or soft X-ray photons. This solar wind charge exchange mechanism applied to cometary neutrals has been used to explain the soft X-ray emission observed from comets. A simple model demonstrates that heliospheric X-ray emission can account for about 25%-50% of the observed soft X-ray background intensities. The spatial and temporal variations of heliospheric X-ray emission should reflect variations in the solar wind flux and composition as well as variations in the distribution of interstellar neutrals within the heliosphere. The heliospheric X-ray background can perhaps be identified with the long-term enhancements in the soft X-ray background measured by ROSAT.
Presidential Signing Statements and the Durability of the Law

Prior literature suggests that presidents use signing statements to unilaterally move policy closer to their own ideal point after Congress has already voted on and passed a particular bill. Congress, however, retains the ability to revisit and amend the law by passing another bill. A presidential signing statement may thus make a law less durable and more likely to be amended in the future. To investigate this relationship, we examine all laws passed from the 95th through the 108th Congresses in order to demonstrate the specific influence of presidential signing statements on future congressional amendment activity. The results of our analysis lend support to the theory that laws receiving presidential signing statements are in fact more likely to be revisited and revised by Congress. These findings add to the literature both on presidential signing statements as well as the evolution of laws.
Applied digital library project management: Using Pareto analysis to determine task importance rankings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define and describe Pareto analysis as a method for identifying and addressing the factors that have the most impact in a digital library project's success. Design/methodology/approach – Using theory and example, the author relates the use of Pareto analysis to the successful completion of a digital library project. Findings – Pareto analysis is useful to project managers and project teams alike as a means for identifying, prioritizing and addressing the factors that have the most impact in a digital library project. It is particularly useful to a web redesign team as a mechanism for prioritizing changes and improvements that need to be made to a web site. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the digital library project management literature by providing an overview of a useful tool in identifying and prioritizing the steps and factors in a project that most contribute to its success.
Evaluation of Commercial Diets for First‐Feeding Spring Chinook Salmon

Abstract In 2006, Bio-Oregon, Inc., the only commercial producer of cold-extruded moist diets (∼20–27% moisture) formulated for salmonids, announced that it would discontinue production of this diet line. One of these diets, BioDiet starter (19.5–21.5% moisture) was the primary feed used in many hatcheries that produce Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Thus, a feeding trial was conducted to identify an alternative starter diet for spring Chinook salmon. Five commercial diets were evaluated: Skretting BioVita (<10% moisture), EWOS Micro (<10% moisture), Rangen Starter (<10% moisture), Rangen Soft-Moist (14–17% moisture), and Silver Cup Soft-Moist (<13% moisture). Each dietary treatment was fed to quadruplicate groups of 200 randomly selected first-feeding fry reared in fiberglass tanks. Initial weight of the fish averaged 0.34 g/fish. The flow-through water supply was 12°C throughout the 8-week feeding trial. At the end of the study, fish fed Skretting BioVita exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.0...
Dynamic priority rules when polling with multiple parallel servers

In this paper we extend previous results (by Browne and Yechiali) on dynamic priority rules in polling systems to a new version of a polling system where a number of servers c are coupled together as they service the stations. Index rules are derived to optimize system performance.
Intranasal Steroids in the Treatment of Allergy-Induced Rhinorrhea

While nasal congestion has been identified as one of the most bothersome and prevalent symptoms of allergic rhinitis, it is underappreciated that many patients find rhinorrhea also to be bothersome. Rhinorrhea as a symptom of allergic rhinitis virtually never occurs alone; about 97% of patients with allergic rhinitis suffer from at least two symptoms, a finding that underscores the advantage of treating a broad range of symptoms with a single medication. Along with sneezing and nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea is a classic acute symptom of allergic rhinitis; it appears as a late-phase symptom as well. In this review, the characterization and epidemiology of rhinorrhea, the pathophysiology of rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis, the roles played by mediators in early- and late-phase rhinorrhea, the prevalence and impact of this symptom, and the efficacy and safety of available treatment options are all discussed in context of relevant literature. A review of the clinical studies assessing the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids (INS) for rhinorrhea is presented. Many clinical studies and several meta-analyses conclusively demonstrate that, in addition to being safe and well-tolerated, INS are more effective than other agents (including oral and intranasal antihistamines) across the spectrum of AR symptoms, including rhinorrhea and nasal congestion.
Spin-lattice relaxation of (J = 0) molecules in solid and liquid D2

Abstract The spin-lattice relaxation rate for (J = 0) molecules in solid D2 due to fluctuating distortions induced by neighboring (J = 1) molecules is calculated. We find T1 (J = 1)/T1 (J = 0) α x(Γ/B)2, where Γ is the quadrupolar coupling constant, B the rotational constant, and x the concentration of (J = 1) molecules. This calculation is qualitatively confirmed in liquid D2 and a proposal for its verification in the solid phase is presented.
Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Butanol from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Soybean-Derived Biodiesel

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of mixtures of butanol, 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and ethanol was performed using soybean-derived biodiesel as the extractant. The composition of the mixtures simulated the product of the anaerobic fermentation of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, which has recently been reported for the first time by the authors. Using a biodiesel: with an aqueous phase volume ratio of 1:1, butanol recovery ranged from 45 to 51% at initial butanol concentrations of 150 and 225 mM, respectively. Less than 10% of the ethanol was extracted, and essentially no PDO was extracted. The partition coefficient for butanol in biodiesel was determined to be 0.91 ± 0.097. This partition coefficient is less than that of oleyl alcohol, which is considered the standard for LLE. However, butanol is suitable for blending with biodiesel, which would eliminate the need for separating the butanol after extraction. Additionally, biodiesel is much less costly than oleyl alcohol. If biodiesel-derived glycerol is used as the feedstock for butanol production, and biodiesel is used as the extractant to recover butanol from the fermentation broth, production of a biodiesel/butanol fuel blend could be a fully integrated process within a biodiesel facility. This process could ultimately help reduce the cost of butanol separation and ultimately help improve the overall economics of butanol fermentation using renewable feedstocks.
Neutron crosstalk between liquid scintillators

Abstract A method is proposed to quantify the fractions of neutrons scattering between liquid scintillators. Using a spontaneous fission source, this method can be utilized to quickly characterize an array of liquid scintillators in terms of crosstalk. The point model theory due to Feynman is corrected to account for these multiple scatterings. Using spectral information measured by the liquid scintillators, fractions of multiple scattering can be estimated, and mass reconstruction of fissile materials under investigation can be improved. Monte Carlo simulations of mono-energetic neutron sources were performed to estimate neutron crosstalk. A californium source in an array of liquid scintillators was modeled to illustrate the improvement of the mass reconstruction.
Squamous cells in effusions: A study of 24 cases

Introduction Malignant squamous cells in serous effusions are rare. We present our experience with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and benign squamous cells in effusions. Materials and methods Specimens were retrieved from our database using search codes as "squamous" within the final diagnosis under various serous effusions. Results Twenty-nine specimens were recovered, and 5 of those were excluded. Of the 24 specimens, 3 were duplicates; therefore, only the first specimen from each was included for a final tally of 21 specimens. Specimens were from pleural fluid ( n = 16, 76%), pericardial fluid ( n = 2), pelvic fluid ( n = 2), and peritoneal fluid ( n = 1). Nineteen were SqCC (primary sites: 7 lung, 2 uterine cervix, 2 larynx, 2 anus, 2 esophagus, 1 tongue, 1 mandible, 1 skin, 1 vulva), and 2 patients had benign squamous cells only (1 from a ruptured esophageal adenocarcinoma and 1 from a nonmalignant esophageal rupture). In SqCC cases, a round-oval cell with dense cytoplasm was the predominant cell type ( n = 12) followed by undifferentiated cells ( n = 4), polygonal-type cells ( n = 2), and fiber-type cells ( n = 1). Of the SqCC specimens, 12 (63%) showed varying degrees of keratinization. Other features in SqCC cases included refractile rings (89%), keratin pearls (53%), and vacuolated cytoplasm (42%). Herxheimer spirals were absent. Two benign cases showed polygonal cell morphology only. All patients with SqCC died shortly after fluid collection (range 2-313 days; mean: 58.1 days). Conclusions Metastatic SqCC in serous effusions are rare, primarily arranged as single cells with rounded nuclei lacking visible nucleoli surrounded by a minimal amount of dense cytoplasm, and represent a dismal prognosis.
Clustering of mutations inactivating a Chi recombinational hotspot

Abstract Chi sites promote Rec-mediated recombination in bacteriophage λ. Nine independent, nitrous acid-induced mutations were obtained within one of these sites, χ+C. Eight of the mutations completely inactivated the Chi site, while one mutation left partial activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the mutations were located at four different sites one to four base-pairs from the site of the χ+C mutation that created the active Chi locus. This interval is within a region of homology common to the χ+C locus and another sequenced Chi locus, χ+B. These results support the view that Chi is a unique nucleotide sequence and suggest the extent of the Chi sequence.
International Sourcing – A Competitive Perspective

Literature on global value chain strategy suggests that international sourcing of inputs offers promising avenues for firms to benefit from multinationality. We introduce a domestic firm’s internat...
Effect of reduced insecticide and fungicide use on parasitism of leafminers (Phyllonorycter spp.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in commercial apple orchards.

Development of alternative controls (i.e., 2nd-level insect pest management [IPM] methods) for apple maggot | Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) ] that reduce pesticide use is in progress. The current project was undertaken to see if such controls would better conserve natural enemies of pest leafminers (Gracillariidae, Phyllonorycter spp.) when applied over a large physical scale, as compared with results in earlier studies with smaller plots. Second-level IPM in apple, Malus pumilla Miller, orchards may consist of substitution of either use of red sticky spheres in border rows or border-row pesticide applications for control of apple maggots rather than cover sprays of insecticides over entire orchard blocks. We previously established that 2nd-level IPM increased parasitism rates in tissue-feeding larvae of 2nd generation Phyllonorycter spp. under trap but not border-row spray management, when tested at the scale of 0.4-ha plots that were part of larger blocks under 1st-level IPM. We hypothesized that conservation of leafminer parasitoids would improve when 2nd-level IPM was applied to entire orchard blocks (1.6-3.6 ha) because conflicts with pesticides used in adjoining areas (drift into untreated areas and parasitoid movement into treated areas) would decrease. Results of our test did not support this hypothesis. We determined that benefits of 2nd-level IPM were the same in 1.6-3.6-ha blocks as in 0.4-ha plots. In both types of plots, parasitism increased only when trapping. not border sprays, was used to manage apple maggot, and benefits occurred only in the 2nd host generation. No carryover of benefit to the 3rd generation in the same year, or to the 1st generation of the following year, could be detected. Elimination of fungicide use (in disease-resistant blocks) increased leafminer parasitism. Although most parasitism was due to eulophid parasitoids, the proportion of total parasitism caused by braconids was greatest under 2nd-level IPM, suggesting that reduced pesticide use was especially beneficial to this parasitoid group. These findings suggest that 2nd-level IPM methods for apple maggot control have only a limited ability to conserve leafminer parasitoids. regardless of plot size. Furthermore, our findings suggest use of fungicides on apple orchards may be harmful to leafminer parasitoids.
Obstetrics & Gynecology in 1996: marking the progress toward evidence-based medicine by classifying studies based on methodology.

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that researchers in obstetrics and gynecology favor an observational type of study design. Data Sources: The 12 regular issues of Obstetrics & Gynecology published during 1996 were analyzed. Method of Study Selection: All articles in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology were reviewed for the year 1996, except that separate issues covering case reports, case condensations, and reviews were excluded. Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Studies were classified as observational or experimental. Observational studies were subclassified as either descriptive, case-control, or cohort. Experimental studies were subclassified as either randomized controlled trial (RCT) or uncontrolled trial. Other study designs were noted. Of the 316 studies published during 1996, 241 (76%) were observational, 43 (14%) experimental, and 32 (10%) other. There were 162 (51%) descriptive studies, 44 (14%) case-control studies, 35 (11%) cohort studies, 35 (11%) RCTs, and eight (3%) uncontrolled trials. Conclusion: Researchers who publish in Obstetrics & Gynecology favor an observational study design. With evidence-based medicine growing in popularity as a new standard or paradigm, the reliance on observational studies may have implications.
Scheduling mobile nodes for cooperative data transport in sensor networks

Message ferrying has been shown to be an effective approach to support routing in sparse ad hoc or sensor networks. Considering a generic network model where each node in the network wishes to send data to some (or possibly all) other nodes with known (and possibly different) rates, we propose three schemes enabling multiple ferries to coordinate in collecting and delivering the data. We analyze the performance of each scheme and establish bounds on the average and worst-case delay. The latter bounds are useful in offering performance guarantees. We establish that under one of our schemes, constant per-node throughput is achievable within constant maximum (worst-case) delay as the network size grows. Using simulation, we compare our proposed schemes with an alternative, the Ferry Relaying algorithm proposed earlier in the literature. The results show that our schemes perform better and provide guidance on which scheme to use given performance preferences and the number of available ferries.
Social Isolation of Neglectful Families: A Review of Social Support Assessment and Intervention Models

Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment reported to public Child Protective Services. Sufficient evidence exists that families who are socially isolated, experience loneliness, ...
Abstract 5412: Antitumor properties of ouabain in lipid double emulsion in orthotopic canine osteosarcoma xenografted mouse model

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Canine cancers develop in immunocompetent environments and share many similar features observed in human cancers, such as long periods of latency for initiation, progression and development, metastasis, acquired drug resistance and recurrence. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor that occurs in dogs. It is highly aggressive and metastatic in nature, and the therapeutic methods utilized to treat this primary canine tumor are very limited. We have successfully established canine osteosarcoma orthotopic xenograft models with NSG mice (from Jackson Lab) in vivo. Ouabain, known as Na+, K+ ATPase inhibitor, has been used for many years in human clinical applications for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Recently, ouabain has been investigated for potential anticancer properties. However, the therapeutic dose window is very narrow because the side effects of ouabain overdose can be lethal. In an attempt to mitigate such narrow therapeutic margin of safety, ouabain was formulated in lipid double emulsion by using microfluidic synthesis method or membrane emulsification method. Our preliminary results showed enhanced antitumor activities of ouabain in double emulsion or nanoemulsion against canine osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models in vivo. The safety and delivery efficiency of ouabain in vivo was also improved, suggesting a therapeutic application of ouabain double emulsion could be benefit in canine osteosarcoma targeting therapy. Citation Format: Jun Wu, Meng-Yin Hsieh, Yan Wang, Eugene Roberts, Derek Vallejo, Abraham Lee, Richard Ermel. Antitumor properties of ouabain in lipid double emulsion in orthotopic canine osteosarcoma xenografted mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5412. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5412
Small strain accompanied by moderate rotation

This paper is mainly concerned with the construction of a theory of material behavior with infinitesimal strain accompanied by moderate rotation. After introducing a definition for moderate rotation and establishing a number of theorems pertaining to its properties, precise estimates are obtained for the (local) moderate rotation and related kinematical results in terms of infinitesimal strain. For motions which result in small strain accompanied by moderate rotation, the invariance of constitutive equations under arbitrary superposed rigid body motions is discussed with particular reference to an elastic material.
Supply and Demand: Prostitution and Sexual Trafficking in Northern Thailand

In northern Thailand poverty, political turmoil, sex tourism and cultural dynamics converge to create a booming sex industry. The purpose of this article is to examine how the dynamics of supply and demand feed into prostitution in that region, with attention to available information on human trafficking. While the line separating prostitution and sex trafficking is difficult to establish, there is ample evidence that both co-exist in the region. Understanding this phenomenon requires an exploration of both the demand and supply sides as well as their interaction. Such an exploration, it is hoped, will contribute to the positive development of policy and practice.
Coatings for Optical Fibers

This paper will review the requirements for optical waveguide coatings, materials and coating designs, application and cure technology, and coating characterization techniques needed to assure product performance. Also discussed will be recent developments in high speed coatings, coatings for special applications, and challenges for the future.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ultrasonic Extraction of a Heat-Labile 7S Protein Fraction from Autoclaved, Defatted Soybean Flakes

Conventional stirring extraction of soybean proteins from autoclaved or heat-treated defatted flakes seldom reaches 30% of the total proteins. Using ultrasonic energy to disperse proteins in water from such treated flakes, one extraction can solubilize 80%. Gel electrophoresis of water extractable proteins in extracts prepared by the two methods of extraction reveals that extraction by stirring failed to extract a specific heat-labile protein fraction in 7S proteins that is extractable by sonication. Ultracentrifugation and gel filtration analyses show that sonication induced formation of aggregates, and the size of aggregates, rate of formation, and water solubility are different than those formed by heat treatment. The effects of heat and sonication treatments on isolated 7S proteins were also investigated.
Revalorized Black Embodiment: Dancing with Fanon

This article explores Fanon’s thought on dance, beginning with his explicit treatment of it in Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth. It then broadens to consider his theorization of Black embodiment in racist and colonized societies, considering how these analyses can be reformulated as a phenomenology of dance. This will suggest possibilities for fruitful encounters between the two domains in which (a) dance can be valorized while (b) opening up sites of resignification and resistance for Black persons and communities—including a revalorization of Black embodiment as a kind of empowering danced experience.