cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF EYEPIECE RETICLES FOR USE IN THE DIRECT MICROSCOPIC SOMATIC CELL COUNT METHOD1

Criteria have been developed for the design of eyepiece reticles to be employed in the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count method. For each of several levels of somatic cell concentration in milk at which regulatory (control might be exercised, we show the range of widths of the milk film strips required to maintain the desired precision of cell count. These widths are related to the actual distances between rulings on the eyepiece reticle for commonly used microscopes. The proper line spacing is determined for reticles to be used at each of certain cell count control levels, and the limitations on compatible microscope optical equipment are specified.
Cerebral vascular structure in the motor cortex of adult mice is stable and is not altered by voluntary exercise

The cerebral vasculature provides blood flow throughout the brain, and local changes in blood flow are regulated to match the metabolic demands of the active brain regions. This neurovascular coupling is mediated by real-time changes in vessel diameter and depends on the underlying vascular network structure. Neurovascular structure is configured during development by genetic and activity-dependent factors. In adulthood, it can be altered by experiences such as prolonged hypoxia, sensory deprivation and seizure. Here, we have sought to determine whether exercise could alter cerebral vascular structure in the adult mouse. We performed repeated in vivo two-photon imaging in the motor cortex of adult transgenic mice expressing membrane-anchored green fluorescent protein in endothelial cells (tyrosine endothelial kinase 2 receptor (Tie2)-Cre:mTmG). This strategy allows for high-resolution imaging of the vessel walls throughout the lifespan. Vascular structure, as measured by capillary branch point number and ...
ÁREA FOLIAR ATACADA PELO BICHO-MINEIRO DE UMA LAVOURA DE CAFÉ ARÁBICA, CULTIVAR OBATÃ 603

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a area foliar atacada pelo Bicho-mineiro de uma lavoura de cafe arabica, cultivar Obata 603, situada no Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo - Campus de Alegre. Para tanto foram realizadas amostragens de folhas retiradas dos tercos superior, medio e inferior de cada planta selecionada. Foram escolhidas vinte e tres plantas, totalizando sessenta e nove amostras. Essas amostras foram levadas ate o Laboratorio de Geoprocessamento e foram fotografadas e, em seguida, foram realizadas as seguintes medicoes: Area total e perimetro das folhas, e area afetada pelo ataque do Bicho-mineiro. Em media, as areas afetadas foram de 5,6 cm² (terco superior), 4,4 cm² (terco medio) e 4,3 cm² (terco inferior). O ataque pelo bicho mineiro corresponde a 17,50% no terco superior, 12,07% no terco medio e 11,35% no terco inferior das plantas da lavoura estudada.
What Happens in Happn: The Warranting Powers of Location History in Online Dating

Many location-based dating applications allow users to search for potential matches who are physically proximate. A recent mobile dating application, happn, adds a temporal dimension to location-based dating, showing users the number of times that they crossed path with each other, as well as the location of the most recent overlap. We conducted qualitative interviews with 15 happn users to understand how people make sense of crossed paths, and assess the meanings they assign to these location overlaps. Building on Uncertainty Reduction Theory, we show the various outcomes of the crossed paths and how they play a role in uncertainty reduction. In particular, the warranting power of the device-driven location data was accepted as valuable, and generated little concern about misrepresentation. Moreover, people assigned significant meaning to the minimal cues available from the overlap data. In addition, the location overlap data was useful in allowing users to estimate convenience in meeting and establish common ground. On the other hand, concerns of security and recognition by known others persisted in the happn app. Our findings suggest the potential for utilizing location data outside of the domain of online dating.
Intercorrelational status of suggestibility tests and hypnotizability

In the last fifty years or so, several hundred correlations have been computed between suggestibility and/or hypnotic measures. A comprehensive review of this research points to the following conclusions:
Tobacco control law implementation in a middle-income country: Transnational tobacco control network overcoming tobacco industry opposition in Colombia

The objective of this paper is to examine the implementation of Colombia's tobacco control law. Methods involved are triangulated government legislation, news sources, and interviews with policy-makers and health advocates in Colombia. Colombia, a middle-income country, passed a tobacco control law in 2009 that included a prohibition on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and required pictorial health warning labels, ingredients disclosure, and a prohibition on individual cigarette sales. Tobacco companies challenged the implementation through litigation, tested government enforcement of advertising provisions and regulations on ingredients disclosure, and lobbied local governments to deprioritise policy responses to single cigarette sales. A transnational network including international health groups and funders helped strengthen domestic capacity to implement the law by; promoting public awareness of Ley [Law] 1335; training local health department staff on enforcement; facilitating health agencies' sharing of educational strategies; and providing legal defence assistance. This network included vigilant efforts by local health groups, which continuously monitored and alerted the media to noncompliance, engaged government officials and policy-makers on implementation, and raised public awareness. Support from international health NGOs and funders and continuous engagement by local health groups enhanced implementation capacities to counter continued tobacco industry interference and ensure effective tobacco control implementation.
Prevention of carboplatin-induced resistance in human ovarian tumor xenografts

1497 The development of drug resistance is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. Most attempts to circumvent resistance have involved the use of agents to reverse resistance after it has arisen. We have suggested an alternative approach: the use of agents to prevent the development of resistance during chemotherapy, and we have been investigating the use of selenium compounds as preventive agents [Frenkel, G.D. and Caffrey, P.B., A prevention strategy for circumventing drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Current Pharmaceutical Design 7: 1595-1614 (2001)]. The prevention approach is particularly relevant in ovarian cancer where the majority of tumors are chemosensitive at diagnosis, but treatment often fails nevertheless, due to the development of resistance during initial chemotherapy. Since platinum-based chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for ovarian cancer, we have examined the ability of selenite to prevent the induction of drug resistance by carboplatin in human ovarian tumor xenografts (derived from A2780 cells). The sensitivity/resistance of a tumor to platinum compounds was determined by measuring tumor growth after a single high dose of carboplatin (50 mg/kg ip) or cisplatin (5.2 mg/kg ip). The growth of control tumors was completely (although temporarily) stopped by these doses; however, pre-treatment with a single low dose of carboplatin (15 mg/kg ip) resulted in the rapid development of resistance to these high doses. Pre-treatment with selenite (3 x 1.5 mg/kg ip) prevented this carboplatin-induced resistance. We also have examined the effectiveness of selenite in combination with these platinum compounds in inhibiting tumor growth during a 3-week course of treatment. The combinations of selenite (1.5 mg/kg, 3 x weekly) with cisplatin (5.2 mg/kg, 2 x weekly) or with carboplatin (20 mg/kg, 2 x weekly) were significantly more effective than either platinum drug alone, despite the fact that selenite itself had no effect on tumor growth. These findings have led to the initiation of a clinical trial on the prevention of carboplatin-induced resistance by selenite and its effect on the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. The current status of this ongoing Phase I trial at the Cancer Institute of New Jersey is described in another presentation [Gounder, M. et al] at this meeting. This research was supported in part by a grant from the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Pediatric Cardiac Population: In Search of a Standard of Care.

Objectives Although clinical and pharmacologic guidelines exist for the practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children (Pediatric Advanced Life Support), the practice of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric cardiac patients remains without universally accepted standards. We aim to explore variation in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures by surveying clinicians who care for this high-risk patient population. Design A 28-item cross-sectional survey was distributed via a web-based platform to clinicians focusing on cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team dynamics immediately prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation. Settings Pediatric hospitals providing extracorporeal mechanical support services to patients with congenital and/or acquired heart disease. Subjects Critical care/cardiology specialist physicians, cardiothoracic surgeons, advanced practice nurse practitioners, respiratory therapists, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation specialists. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Survey web links were distributed over a 2-month period with critical care and/or cardiology physicians comprising the majority of respondents (75%). Nearly all respondents practice at academic/teaching institutions (97%), 89% were from U.S./Canadian institutions and 56% reported less than 10 years of clinical experience. During extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a majority of respondents reported adherence to guideline recommendations for epinephrine bolus dosing (64%). Conversely, 19% reported using only one to three epinephrine bolus doses regardless of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration. Inotropic support is held after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation "most of the time" by 58% of respondents and 94% report using afterload reducing/antihypertensive agents "some" to "most of the time" after achieving full extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Interruptions in chest compressions are common during active cannulation according to 77% of respondents. Conclusions The results of this survey identify wide variability in resuscitative practices during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pediatric cardiac population. The deviations from established Pediatric Advanced Life Support CPR guidelines support a call for further inquiry into the pharmacologic and logistical care surrounding extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
A mathematical analysis of Prx2-STAT3 disulfide exchange rate constants for a bimolecular reaction mechanism.

Abstract Appreciation of peroxiredoxins as the major regulators of H2O2 concentrations in human cells has led to a new understanding of redox signaling. In addition to their status as the primary reducers of H2O2 to water, the oxidized peroxiredoxin byproduct of this reaction has recently been shown capable of participation in H2O2-mediated signaling pathways through disulfide exchange reactions with the transcription factor STAT3. The dynamics of peroxidase-transcription factor disulfide exchange reactions have not yet been considered in detail with respect to how these reactions fit into the larger network of competing reactions in human cells. In this study, we used a kinetic model of oxidation and reduction reactions related to H2O2 metabolism in the cytosol of human cells to study the dynamics of peroxiredoxin-2 mediated oxidation of the redox-regulated transcription factor STAT3. In combination with previously reported experimental data, the model was used to estimate the rate coefficient of a biomolecular reaction between Prx2 and STAT3 for two sets of assumptions that constitute lower and upper bound cases. Using these estimates, we calculated the relative rates of the reaction of oxidized peroxiredoxin-2 and STAT3 and other competing reactions in the cytosol. These calculations revealed that peroxiredoxin-2-mediated oxidation of STAT3 likely occurs at a much slower rate than competing reactions in the cytosol. This analysis suggests the existence of more complex mechanisms, potentially involving currently unknown protein-protein recognition partners, which facilitate disulfide exchange reactions between peroxiredoxin-2 and STAT3.
Time Scale Variations of Estuarine Stratification Parameters and Impact on the Food Chains of the Chesapeake Bay

There are three basic premises in this paper. One is that many species which utilize estuarine waters during part or all of their life cycle stages represent successful specific food chains for which the growth and reproduction of each of their lower trophic level food sources is close to optimal. The second is that this optimization results in a selection from among the thousands of species potentially available from marine and fresh water inputs for those species whose physiological and behavioral responses to the physical and chemical (including nutrient sources) environment insure that there will be temporal and spatial ‘windows’ during which they can grow and reproduce at their maximum rates. The third, which will form the major portion of the paper, is that in the estuary, periodic and aperiodic climatic forcing functions, i.e. temperature cycles resulting in ice melting (freshwater runoff), wind and storm events, insolation, produce water circulation patterns and density gradients of salinities and nutrients whose spatial dimensions range from meters to tens of kilometers.
The Law and Legal Procedures

The difficulty in the path of the application of ethics is the very abstractness of it. From the speculations concerning the good and the right, which occupy the theorist, to the immediate problems confronting the judge and jury seems a fairly far cry. Yet the fact remains that the more abstract the theory the wider its applicability if it have any validity. Ethics at this level is not intended to be applied cold so to any concrete instance of behavior. Ethics has first to be treated as jurisprudence which in turn has relevance to the law.
Mapping Desire: Octavia E. Butler Studies as Palimpsest and Praxis

The Octavia E. Butler Studies Conference was held on June 23, 2017 at the Huntington Library, one day after what would have been Octavia E. Butler’s 70th birthday. Founded in 2011, The Octavia E. B...
Measurement Invariance of the Differentiation of Family System Scale for Koreans and Americans

The Differentiation in the Family System Scale (DIFS; Anderson & Sabatelli, 1992) is a popular scale used to assess emotional connectedness and separateness within the context of family-of-origin e...
Initiative for Prevention and Early Identification of Delirium in Medical-Surgical Units: Lessons Learned in the Past Five Years.

Abstract Background Delirium is an acute change in mental status affecting 10%-64% of hospitalized patients, and may be preventable in 30%-40% of cases. In October 2013, a task force for delirium prevention and early identification in medical-surgical units was formed at our hospital. We studied whether our standardized protocol prevented delirium among high-risk patients. Methods We studied 105,455 patient encounters between November 2013 and January 2018. Since November 2013, there has been ongoing education to decrease deliriogenic medications use. Since 2014, nurses screen all patients for presence or absence of delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Since 2015, nurses additionally screen all patients for risk of delirium. In 2015, a physician order set for delirium was created. Nonpharmacological measures are implemented for high-risk or CAM positive patients. Results 98.8% of patient encounters had CAM screening, and 99.6% had delirium risk screening. Since 2013, odds of opiate use decreased by 5.0% per year (P Conclusion With high clinician engagement and simplified workflows, our delirium initiative has shown sustained results.
A critical discussion on the planning considerations of electric propulsion for space missions

Abstract It is to be noted that consideration of electric propulsion development cannot be taken out of the context of the development of the entire field of advanced propulsion. This discussion therefore provides a comparison of the present major technology programs in advanced propulsion on the basis both of technological state, of the art and of missions capability. Some additional features concerning the economic problems of deep space exploration are provided which may seriously limit the application of any form of advanced propulsion to unmanned exploration. For manned planetary exploration, it is entirely possible that a combined system utilizing both nuclear and electric propulsion systems is more reasonable than either propulsion system alone.
Las observaciones del arzobispado de Tarragona a los proyectos de Libros II y III del Código de Derecho Canónico de 1917. Introducción, transcripción y notas

Durante el proceso de confeccion del primer Codigo de Derecho Canonico, se fueron enviando a los obispos los proyectos parciales de los cinco libros que lo compondrian para que formularan las observaciones que consideraren convenientes. En este articulo se presentan las observaciones que fueron enviadas a la comision codificadora desde el arzobispado de Tarragona a los proyectos de libros II y III, en respuesta a las consultas que se le hicieron en los anos 1912 y 1914 respectivamente y se hace una primera valoracion de las mismas.
Feasibility of Using a Wearable Biosensor Device in Patients at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common and most costly chronic neurodegenerative disease globally. AD develops over an extended period prior to cognitive symptoms, leaving a “window of opportunity” for targeted risk-reduction interventions. Further, this pre-dementia phase includes early physiological changes in sleep and autonomic regulation, for which wearable biosensor devices may offer a convenient and cost-effective method to assess AD-risk. Patients with a family history of AD and no or minimal cognitive complaints were recruited from the Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian. Of the 40 consecutive patients screened, 34 (85%) agreed to wear a wearable biosensor device (WHOOP). One subject (2.5%) lost the device prior to data collection. Of the remaining subjects, 24 were classified as normal cognition and were asymptomatic, 6 were classified as subjective cognitive decline, and 3 were amyloid-positive (one with pre-clinical AD, one with pre-clinical Lewy-Body Dementia, and one with mild cognitive impairment due to AD). Sleep-cycle, autonomic (heart rate variability [HRV]) and activity measures were collected via WHOOP. Blood biomarkers and neuropsychological testing sensitive to cognitive changes in pre-clinical AD were obtained. Participants completed surveys assessing their sleep-patterns, exercise habits, and attitudes towards WHOOP. The goal of this prospective observational study was to determine the feasibility of using a wrist-worn biosensor device in patients at-risk for AD dementia. Unsupervised machine learning was performed to first separate participants into distinct phenotypic groups using the multivariate biometric data. Additional statistical analyses were conducted to examine correlations between individual biometric measures and cognitive performance. 27 (81.8%) participants completed the follow-up surveys. Twenty-four participants (88.9%) were satisfied with WHOOP after six months, and twenty-three (85.2%) wanted to continue wearing WHOOP. K-means clustering separated participants into two groups. Group 1 was older, had lower HRV, and spent more time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) than Group 2. Group 1 performed better on two cognitive tests assessing executive function: Flanker Inhibitory Attention/Control (FIAC) (p=.031), and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) (p=.061). In Group 1, DCCS was correlated with SWS (ϱ=.68, p=0.024) and HRV (ϱ=.6, p=0.019). In Group 2, DCCS was correlated with HRV (ϱ=.55, p=0.018). There were no significant differences in blood biomarkers between the two groups. Wearable biosensor devices may be a feasible tool to assess AD-related physiological changes. Longitudinal collection of sleep and HRV data may potentially be a noninvasive method for monitoring cognitive changes related to pre-clinical AD. Further study is warranted in larger populations.
Understanding the Intersection of Spirituality and Service Engagement Among Undergraduates From a Reasoned Action Approach

Service engagement is critical to many higher education institutions. Past research has looked at spiritual change as a result of service engagement, but few studies have looked at how spirituality might contribute to engagement in service projects, particularly from a reasoned action approach. This quantitative study looked at God concept and religious motivation as predictors of intention to serve with two particular projects being offered at a faith-based university, an inner-city experience and a tutoring service. Participants were 305 ethnically diverse undergraduates. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions. The spirituality variables were associated with attitudes, social norms, and moral evaluations toward both service projects, as hypothesized. However, the spirituality variables were not significantly related with intention to serve for either service project. The findings suggest that spirituality may shape beliefs about service projects but may have little effect on intention to engage in service projects, at least in certain cases.
Identification of Hearing Loss in Individuals With Cognitive Impairment Using Portable Tablet Audiometer

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a tablet-based portable audiometer to identify hearing loss in a cognitively impaired population. Method In this study, w...
Preventing Ethanol-Induced Brain and Eye Morphology Defects Using Optogenetics.

Background: Embryonic exposure to the teratogen ethanol leads to dysmorphias, including eye and brain morphology defects associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Exposure of Xenopus laevis embryos to ethanol leads to similar developmental defects, including brain and eye dysmorphism, confirming our work and the work of others showing Xenopus as a useful system for studies of the brain and eye birth defects associated with FASD. Several targets of ethanol action have been hypothesized, one being regulation of Kir2.1 potassium channel. Endogenous ion fluxes and membrane voltage variation (bioelectric signals) have been shown to be powerful regulators of embryonic cell behaviors that are required for correct brain and eye morphology. Disruptions to these voltage patterns lead to spatially correlated disruptions in gene expression patterns and corresponding morphology. Materials and Methods: Here, we use controlled membrane voltage modulation to determine when and where voltage modulation is sufficient to rescue ethanol-induced brain and eye defects in Xenopus embryos. Results: We found (1) that modulating membrane voltage using light activation of the channelrhodopsin-2 variant D156A rescues ethanol exposed embryos, resulting in normal brain and eye morphologies; (2) hyperpolarization is required for the full duration of ethanol exposure; (3) hyperpolarization of only superficial ectoderm is sufficient for this effect; and(4) the rescue effect acts at a distance. Conclusions: These results, particularly the last, raise the exciting possibility of using bioelectric modulation to treat ethanol-induced brain and eye birth defects, possibly with extant ion channel drugs already prescribed to pregnant women. This may prove to be a simple and cost-effective strategy for reducing the impact of FASD.
An Approach to Retiform Purpura for the Inpatient Dermatologist

Retiform purpura is a potentially ominous cutaneous sign that develops secondary to vascular compromise by either vasculitis or a vasculopathic disorder. The wide array of associated complications mandate a thorough investigation in a timely fashion. This review provides an overview of the frequent causes of retiform purpura in hospitalized adult patients and proposes a diagnostic approach for the inpatient dermatologist. Early recognition of the primary cutaneous morphology in retiform purpura is especially important as this can help generate a focused differential and workup plan. A high-yield skin biopsy result warrants a proper site selection and an adequate depth. Further workup and treatment depend on the underlying pathogenic process. For patients with underlying systemic vasculitis, rituximab is emerging as an effective treatment. Rivaroxaban was found to have excess risk (increased thromboembolic and bleeding events) and no benefit when compared to warfarin in a trial of high-risk anti-phospholipid syndrome patients. The differential diagnosis of retiform purpura is broad and a systematic approach is required to identify and treat the underlying cause.
Virtual Reality to Improve Nanotechnology Education: Development Methods and Example Applications

Nanotechnology has had a tremendous effect on industries, from material designs to manufacturing processes, and in various applications, from drug delivery for medicines to reducing airplane noise through the use of nanofibers. This impact has been described as the next industrial revolution, and there is a large investment from countries all across the world to improve teaching and training in nanotechnologies [1]. The biggest challenge in nanotechnology education is providing hands-on laboratory instruction, which requires expensive tools, a cleanroom environment, and safe interaction with hazardous chemicals. In this article, a successful new method for teaching nanotechnology using virtual reality (VR) is presented. VR training is a promising method that has the benefit of personalized instruction and an engaging media format [2].
Mixing in three-dimensional cavity by moving cavity walls

The mixing in three-dimensional enclosures is investigated numerically using flow in cubical cavity as a geometrically simple model of various natural and engineering flows. The mixing rate is evaluated for up to the value of Reynolds number $$\hbox {Re}=2000$$ for several representative scenarios of moving cavity walls: perpendicular motion of the parallel cavity walls, motion of a wall in its plane along its diagonal, motion of two perpendicular walls outward the common edge, and the parallel cavity walls in motion either in parallel directions or in opposite directions. The mixing rates are compared to the well-known benchmark case in which one cavity wall moves along its edge. The intensity of mixing for the considered cases was evaluated for (i) mixing in developing cavity flow initially at rest, which is started by the impulsive motion of cavity wall(s), and (ii) mixing in the developed cavity flow. For both cases, the initial interface of the two mixing fluids is a horizontal plane located at the middle of the cavity. The mixing rates are ranked from fastest to slowest for twenty time units of flow mixing. The pure convection mixing is modeled as a limit case to reveal convective mechanism of mixing. Mixing of fluids with different densities is modeled to show the advantage in terms of mixing rate of genuinely 3D cases. Grid convergence study and comparison with published numerical solutions for 3D and 2D cavity flows are presented. The effects of three-dimensionality of cavity flow on the mixing rate are discussed.
Mapping twenty years of corn and soybean across the US Midwest using the Landsat archive.

Field-level monitoring of crop types in the United States via the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) has played an important role in improving production forecasts and enabling large-scale study of agricultural inputs and outcomes. Although CDL offers crop type maps across the conterminous US from 2008 onward, such maps are missing in many Midwestern states or are uneven in quality before 2008. To fill these data gaps, we used the now-public Landsat archive and cloud computing services to map corn and soybean at 30 m resolution across the US Midwest from 1999–2018. Our training data were CDL from 2008–2018, and we validated the predictions on CDL 1999–2007 where available, county-level crop acreage statistics, and state-level crop rotation statistics. The corn-soybean maps, which we call the Corn-Soy Data Layer (CSDL), are publicly hosted on Google Earth Engine and also available for download online. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12839777
Threshold Concepts Theory as a Pedagogical Tool for Articulating Transformational Learning: An Initial Exploration:

As the landscape of higher education gets more complex, there is a need to increase engagement and student reflection on their academic experiences. This research explores whether a threshold conce...
BPARC: A novel spatio-temporal (4D) data-driven brain parcellation scheme based on deep residual networks

Brain parcellation plays a significant role in computational neuroimaging by dividing the brain into meaningful anatomical sub-regions which can be used to study broad brain functionalities and structures. Most ongoing brain parcellation research has focused on fixed regions that do not vary across individuals or over time. However, brain functional organization is by its very nature dynamic and ignoring this can lead to misleading results. In this work, we have tried to address this shortcoming in fMRI-based brain parcellation by proposing a novel 4D approach using a deep residual network structure, trained to predict probabilities of voxels in each volume belonging to independent components extracted from fMRI images. Results show that the presented approach not only provides informative 4D spatiotemporal networks which are individualized but also linked across subjects, providing an important tool for further study of the human brain.
Nurse-driven universal concussion screening: a quality improvement initiative

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of a performance improvement initiative that operationalized universal concussion screening for all pediatric trauma admissions at a Level I pediatric trauma center. Mild traumatic brain injury may be difficult to identify in injured children. We implemented a screening tool to identify the risk for concussion after traumatic injury and to improve access to cognitive evaluation and intervention in children. Prior to implementation of our screening tool, children admitted without obvious head injury or those younger than 12 years were not being screened for concussion risk. METHODS We employed a nurse-driven screening tool, derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Acute Concussion Evaluation, on all pediatric trauma patients ages 0-17 years. The screening tool identifies symptoms of physical, cognitive, sleep, or emotional deficits and prompts a cognitive evaluation with concussion education. The tool was administered by nursing and tracked in the electronic medical record. RESULTS Key stakeholders were interviewed to identify workflow barriers and education gaps following implementation. Enhancements to the electronic medical record and refocused nursing education improved compliance from 41% in the first 12 months to 91% at 24 months post-implementation (p < .001). The increasing number of evaluations additionally resulted in overall more cognitive evaluations as an initial step in identifying and treating previously unrecognized traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSIONS A pediatric concussion screening tool is simple to administer, applies to all developmental ages, and improves diagnostic capture of traumatic brain injury in pediatric trauma when administered by nurses with support through the electronic medical record.
Sample Plan for Easy, Inexpensive, Safe, and Relevant Hands-On, At-Home Wet Organic Chemistry Laboratory Activities

An emergent theme from the past spring during COVID-19 remote learning was the difficulty of providing meaningful, relevant, hands-on, wet chemistry experiences at home and the potential impact of their absence upon student learning and engagement. This article shares the process and results of developing an appropriate, easy, inexpensive, safe, and relevant hands-on, at-home DIY kit of wet laboratory activities for a first-semester high school organic chemistry course. Troubleshooting, tips, handouts, and evidence of learning and engagement are provided to supplement the already-published procedures for many of the activities. Whether instructors have already started teaching or are preparing for an upcoming course, this article should enable the rapid incorporation of an at-home laboratory curriculum to supplement student learning and promote engagement with appropriate alternatives to traditional experiments.
Generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived fused organoids with oligodendroglia and myelin.

Summary Current knowledge on brain oligodendrogenesis, composed of three sequential waves from different regions, is mainly obtained from rodent studies. Oligodendroglial development and myelination in the rodent brain may not fully mirror those processes in the human brain. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for generating fused forebrain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These fused organoids recapitulate human oligodendroglial developments, offering innovative insights into human myelination research in vitro. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cameron-Curry and Le Douarin (1995) , Kessaris et al. (2006) , and Kim et al. (2019) .
Element-specific electronic and structural dynamics using transient XUV and soft X-ray spectroscopy

Summary Transient extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray absorption techniques can measure element-specific ultrafast carrier and structural dynamics in materials or multilayer junctions. However, interpretation of the excited-state spectra is not straightforward. The core-hole couples with valence states, distorting the measured spectra. In this perspective, we describe the implementation and interpretation of XUV experiments. This description includes a guide for how to design a transient XUV/soft X-ray spectroscopy experiment by choosing a suitable edge and corresponding X-ray sources. We particularly focus on the rising use of XUV spectroscopy for understanding solar energy materials, such as measurements of polaron formation, electron and hole kinetics, and layer-resolved charge transport in junctions. The ability to measure photoexcited carriers in each layer of a multilayer junction, as well as associated reaction products, could prove particularly impactful in the study of molecules, materials, and their combinations that lead to functional devices in photochemistry and photoelectrochemistry.
Radiation Therapy can be Safely Incorporated Into Pre-Transplant Treatment Regimens for Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose/Objective(s) Primary treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) often involves systemic induction therapy (SIT) followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Radiation therapy (RT) is sometimes used for palliation; however, many practitioners avoid RT out of concern that future peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection required for ASCT may be compromised. We retrospectively examined the possible effect of RT on PBPC collection. Materials/Methods We reviewed the charts of 732 MM patients (pts) seen from 1997–2016 at our institution and included pts who received RT prior to PBPC collection for planned ASCT. RT plans (both MM and non-MM RT) were reviewed to estimate the percentage (%) bone marrow (BM) treated using published estimates of skeletal BM distribution. Statistics were performed using Pearson correlations and t-tests. Results Of 732 MM pts, ASCT was planned for 485 pts; of these, 223 pts received RT prior to PBPC collection and were included in the final cohort. 133 pts (60%) were male. Median age at PBPC collection was 59 years (range 33—80). For SIT, pts received combination regimens including the following agents: bortezomib (142 pts, 64%); lenalidomide (111 pts, 50%); alkylators (46 pts, 21%). Nine pts (4%) received dexamethasone alone. RT plans and/or a description of the fields, were available to estimate treated BM% for 221 pts. The median cumulative BM% treated per pt was 6.7 (range 0.0—47.4). The median RT dose was 24 Gy (range 10.0—75.6 Gy). Mobilization was performed using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone (189 pts, 85%), G-CSF with plerixafor (15 pts, 7%), or chemotherapy (19 pts, 8%). PBPC collection data was available for 199 pts. A median of 7.8 × 106 CD34+/kg PBPCs (range 0.5—54.8) were collected in a median of 3 (1—9) apheresis procedures. 196 pts (99%) collected more than 2.0 × 106 CD34+/kg (minimum PBPC no. required for engraftment), and 167 pts (84%) collected more than 5.0 × 106 CD34+/kg (preferred no. of PBPCs collected). The number of PBPCs collected was not associated with BM% treated (P = 0.15) or RT dose (P = 0.56). The number of apheresis procedures performed was not associated with BM% treated (P = 0.54) or RT dose (P = 0.85). The number of PBPCs collected did not differ significantly for pts receiving RT to the pelvis (P = 0.96), lumbar spine (P = 0.35), or thoracic spine (P = 0.059). Time to platelet engraftment was longer for patients with higher %BM treated (P = 0.02). Eleven pts did not undergo a confirmed ASCT due to: pt preference (3 pts), trial therapy (1 pt), comorbidities (1 pt), election for hospice (1 pt), inadequate collection (4 pts) and inadequate follow up (1 pt). Conclusion Among pts with MM, RT prior to ASCT did not prevent adequate PBPC collection or impair successful ASCT. RT must be carefully planned and delivered to ensure safe incorporation into pre-ASCT treatment regimens.
Physically-Based, Real-Time Visualization and Constraint Analysis in Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

A framework and methodology are presented for effective, intuitive visualization of design optimization data. The visualization is eected on a CAD-based, physical representation of the system being designed. The Computational Analysis PRogramming Interface (CAPRI) is used to link a general optimization framework to a CAD model. An example is presented for multidisciplinary design optimization of an aircraft. The new methodology is used to visualize the path of the optimizer through the design space. This enables the designer to rapidly gain physical understanding of the design tradeos made by the optimizer. The visualization framework is also used to investigate constraint behavior. Active constraints are displayed on the CAD model and the participation of design variables in a given constraint is represented in a physically intuitive manner. This visualization approach serves to dramatically increase the amount of learning that can be gained from design optimization tools and also proves useful as a diagnostic tool for identifying formulation errors.
Polarization-independent tunable bandpass filter in Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ utilizing symmetric branch beam splitters

A novel two-port polarization-independent electro-optically tunable bandpass filter in the 1550 nm wavelength regime with a tuning range of 13 nm and a tuning rate of 0.082 nm/V is reported.
The Effects of Negative Managerial Feedback on Student Motivation: Implications for Gender Differences in Teacher-Student Relations.

Research suggests that boys receive more negative teacher feedback concerning failure to follow directions, whereas girls receive more positive feedback concerning compliance (e.g., J. Brophy, 1985; K. B. Hoyenga & K. T. Hoyenga, 1993). In this study, 5th and 6th graders (79.8% Caucasian, 9.2% Hispanic, 6.1% Asian, 2.2% Pacific Islander, and 1.8% African, predominantly lower middle class) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 5 feedback patterns. All students received positive competence-related feedback. Relative to the other conditions, the typical “male” feedback pattern decreased students' activity interest, perceived competence, and liking for the teacher. Students receiving typical “male” feedback reported less willingness to work with the teacher again; however, they did not report less willingness to work on the activity either alone or with a friend.
Studies on Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy II. KINETIC STUDIES BY RAPID FREEZING

Abstract The kinetics of the reactions catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Zymobacterium oroticum have been studied by means of a rapid mixing-freezing technique and observation by electron paramagnetic resonance and optical reflectance spectroscopy at low temperature. With both DPNH and dihydroorotate as reducing substrate, within the limits of error, the kinetics of appearance or disappearance of the radical signal and the signal at g = 1.94 were identical. The reduction of the flavin to the fully reduced state is not a catalytically significant reaction. Reduction of the enzyme components by DPNH is a fast step with a half-time of a few milliseconds, whereas reoxidation by orotate or oxygen is relatively slow and limiting in turnover. In the steady state, with DPNH as substrate, the electron carriers in the enzyme are largely reduced even in the presence of excess orotate or oxygen. The turnover numbers calculated from the present experiments agree with those derived from the kinetics of over-all catalysis under catalytic assay conditions. The formation of ferrous phenanthroline is a much slower reaction than the appearance of the g = 1.94 signal, even when enzyme previously reduced by DPNH is mixed with the chelator, and is not a suitable indicator of catalytically significant changes in the enzyme. It is concluded that formation of flavin semiquinone and electron uptake by a protein-bound iron complex of unknown structure are both catalytically significant reaction steps in all presently known reactions of the enzyme. In the presence of a mercurial, an electron path to oxygen not involving the iron complex with electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g = 1.94 may be established, while all other catalytic functions are severely impaired.
Statistics in plain English

This introductory textbook provides an inexpensive, brief overview of statistics to help readers gain a better understanding of how statistics work and how to interpret them correctly. Each chapter describes a different statistical technique, ranging from basic concepts like central tendency and describing distributions to more advanced concepts such as t tests, regression, repeated measures ANOVA, and factor analysis. Each chapter begins with a short description of the statistic and when it should be used. This is followed by a more in-depth explanation of how the statistic works. Finally, each chapter ends with an example of the statistic in use, and a sample of how the results of analyses using the statistic might be written up for publication. A glossary of statistical terms and symbols is also included. Using the author’s own data and examples from published research and the popular media, the book is a straightforward and accessible guide to statistics. New features in the fourth edition include: sets of work problems in each chapter with detailed solutions and additional problems online to help students test their understanding of the material, new "Worked Examples" to walk students through how to calculate and interpret the statistics featured in each chapter, new examples from the author’s own data and from published research and the popular media to help students see how statistics are applied and written about in professional publications, many more examples, tables, and charts to help students visualize key concepts, clarify concepts, and demonstrate how the statistics are used in the real world. a more logical flow, with correlation directly preceding regression, and a combined glossary appearing at the end of the book, a Quick Guide to Statistics, Formulas, and Degrees of Freedom at the start of the book, plainly outlining each statistic and when students should use them, greater emphasis on (and description of) effect size and confidence interval reporting, reflecting their growing importance in research across the social science disciplines an expanded website at www.routledge.com/cw/urdan with PowerPoint presentations, chapter summaries, a new test bank, interactive problems and detailed solutions to the text’s work problems, SPSS datasets for practice, links to useful tools and resources, and videos showing how to calculate statistics, how to calculate and interpret the appendices, and how to understand some of the more confusing tables of output produced by SPSS. Statistics in Plain English, Fourth Edition is an ideal guide for statistics, research methods, and/or for courses that use statistics taught at the undergraduate or graduate level, or as a reference tool for anyone interested in refreshing their memory about key statistical concepts. The research examples are from psychology, education, and other social and behavioral sciences.
Lean Air-Fuel Ignition System Comparison in a Fast-Burn Engine

Ignition system variables investigated were: plug type, ignition energy, ignition power input, firing duration, and a plasma jet ignitor. Lean air-fuel ignition limits were determined for four different ignition system combinations. The ignition limit at a given A/F condition was determined of the peak cylinder pressure. The ignition limit of the long duration ignition system (40-60 crankangle degrees) used with a surface-air gap plug was found to have the greatest spark angle tolerance. The plasma jet ignition system had the leanest projected lean misfire limit. Adding capacitance to a conventional plug to enhance the initial discharge was found to increase the initial rate of burning, but had little effect on the ignition limit. All the high energy ignition systems had comparable ISFC values. The air-fuel ratio at which the minimum IFSC occurred, however, was observed to shift to a leaner operating condition as the burn rate of the mixture was enhanced by the ignition system.
Hybrid Hierarchical Classifiers for Hyperspectral Data Analysis

We propose a hybrid hierarchical classifier that solves multi-class problems in high dimensional space using a set of binary classifiers arranged as a tree in the space of classes. It incorporates good aspects of both the binary hierarchical classifier (BHC) and the margin tree algorithm, and is effective over a large range of (sample size, input dimensionality) values. Two aspects of the proposed classifier are empirically evaluated on two hyperspectral datasets: the structure of the class hierarchy and the classification accuracies. The proposed hybrid algorithm is shown to be superior on both aspects when compared to other binary classification trees, including both the BHC and the margin tree algorithm.
Exponentially Accurate Approximations to Piece-Wise Smooth Periodic Functions

A family of simple, periodic basis functions with “built-in” discontinuities are introduced, and their properties are analyzed and discussed. Some of their potential usefulness is illustrated in conjunction with the Fourier series representation of functions with discontinuities. In particular, it is demonstrated how they can be used to construct a sequence of approximations which converges exponentially in the maximum norm to a piece-wise smooth function. The theory is illustrated with several examples and the results are discussed in the context of other sequences of functions which can be used to approximate discontinuous functions.