cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEPARATING SIZE FROM ALLOMETRY: ANALYSIS OF LOWER JAW MORPHOLOGY IN THE FOX SQUIRREL, SCIURUS NIGER

The fundamentals of mechanics provide a strong basis for the hypothesis that allometry could be an important constraint on evolutionary changes in shape. Empirical evidence that allometry accounts for sufficient shape variation to be an effective constraint is much weaker. Numerous studies claim to show that most shape variation is correlated with size, but nearly all these studies use morphometric methods that confound size and shape. Consequently, the proportion of the shape variation correlated with size remains unknown. To address this issue, I examined ontogenetic change and adult variation in lower jaws of the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger. Jaw morphologies were quantified using traditional distance measurements and geometric shape variables computed from landmark coordinates. The same analyses were performed on each data set. As expected, analyses of the distance measurements found that allometry accounted for nearly all ontogenetic variation. The same analysis on the coordinate data found that allometry accounts for 50% of the variation in distance measurements but <25% of the variation in shape. These results confirm that analyses of distance measurements confound size and shape and that this can lead to erroneous claims about the importance of allometry.
Import of rat liver mitochondrial transhydrogenase

The biosynthesis of pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase has been studied in isolated rat hepatocytes and in a rabbit reticulocyte-lysate translation system supplemented with either intact isolated rat liver mitochondria or the soluble matrix fraction from isolated mitochondria. In intact hepatocytes, the transhydrogenase precursor was short-lived in the cytosol and was efficiently imported into the membranous fraction. When the cell-free translation mixture was incubated with intact mitochondria, the transhydrogenase precursor was processed to the mature form, to an extent that depended on the amount of added mitochondria. Incubation of the translation mixture with the soluble mitochondria matrix fraction converted the precursor to a mature-sized protein with 75% efficiency, this being blocked by various proteinase inhibitors such as EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline and leupeptin.
The Rights and Wrongs of Wrongful Life: Exploring Legal, Health, and Emotional Argumentation in Judicial Decisions and Lay Opinions

This study was a content analysis of the judicial opinions in publicly available rulings on wrongful life and lay opinions of the public as expressed through publicly posted internet commentary, commonly known as “weblogs.” By focusing on both judicial and public opinions, this study explored not only what arguments have been made, but also delved into the potential consequences of these arguments for the future of wrongful life. In many ways, the judiciary and the public exhibited similar patterns of matching their argument topics to the types of arguments they present. However, the types of arguments these two entities utilize are quite different. Judges relied predominantly on legal arguments, whereas the public voiced emotional arguments when debating the same controversial topic. This may pose certain challenges to the perceived legitimacy of court rulings that do not account for the emotional tenor of community sentiment regarding wrongful life.
Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective To determine whether adding mindfulness-based eating and stress management practices to a diet-exercise program improves weight loss and metabolic syndrome components. Methods In this study 194 adults with obesity were randomized to a 5.5-month program with or without mindfulness training and identical diet-exercise guidelines. Intention-to-treat analyses with multiple imputation were used for missing data. The primary outcome was 18-month weight change. Results Estimated effects comparing the mindfulness to control arm favored the mindfulness arm in (a) weight loss at 12 months, −1.9 kg (95% CI: −4.5, 0.8; P = 0.17), and 18 months, −1.7 kg (95% CI: −4.7, 1.2; P = 0.24), though not statistically significant; (b) changes in fasting glucose at 12 months, −3.1 mg/dl (95% CI: −6.3, 0.1; P = 0.06), and 18 months, −4.1 mg/dl (95% CI: −7.3, −0.9; P = 0.01); and (c) changes in triglyceride/HDL ratio at 12 months, −0.57 (95% CI: −0.95, −0.18; P = 0.004), and 18 months, −0.36 (95% CI: −0.74, 0.03; P = 0.07). Estimates for other metabolic risk factors were not statistically significant, including waist circumference, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein. Conclusions Mindfulness enhancements to a diet-exercise program did not show substantial weight loss benefit but may promote long-term improvement in some aspects of metabolic health in obesity that requires further study.
Wine Grape Cultivar Performance in the Four Corners Region of New Mexico in 2010–12

Commercial wine grape (Vitis sp.) production in northwestern New Mexico and the greater Four Corners region is now supported by four wineries. The challenges of growing grape vines in northwestern New Mexico include cold winter temperatures and killing spring frosts exacerbated by a semiarid climate and elevations exceeding 1700 m. Nineteen nongrafted European wine grape (Vitis vinifera) and interspecific hybrid wine grape cultivars were planted in 2007 and evaluated between 2010 and 2012. Among European wine grape cultivars, Agria, Malbec, Sangiovese, Viognier, Muller-Thurgau, and Sauvignon Blanc performed poorly or failed altogether. Interspecific hybrid cultivars Baco Noir, Kozma 55, Leon Millot, Chardonel, Seyval Blanc, Siegfried, Traminette, Valvin Muscat, and Vidal Blanc showed greater adaptability to a high-elevation intermountain western U.S. site, yielding on greater than 71% of their vines in each year (except Kozma 55 which only produced on 38% of its vines in 2012 due to severe spring frost damage). We speculate that fruit-bearing shoots on these vines arose from latent buds that survived when primary buds were killed from spring frost events. Once vines were established, grape berry sugar and pH appeared to be within acceptable ranges (3-year mean above 21% soluble solids and juice pH of 3.2), suggesting regional potential to produce favorable wines within acceptable commercial wine grape production ranges. Selection of sites without considerable frost risk and other mesoclimate variances is critical when considering vineyard establishment at highelevation locations.
Core curriculum illustration: traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation

This is the 20th installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www.aseronline.org/curriculum/toc.htm .
Stimulation of respiration-linked proton efflux in Escherichiacoli by carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)

The proton efflux from intact, anaerobic Escherichiacoli cells following a small oxygen pulse is both slow (t1M2∼-10s) and inefficient (H+O∼-0.5. Very low levels ( 1 μM), which inhibit active transport, cause a further gradual decrease in the H+O ratio. The unusual increase in the apparent efficiency of H+ efflux by <80 nM FCCP is not accompanied by an increase in the rate of membrane deenergization following an O2 pulse, although such an increase is seen with the higher (uncoupling) FCCP concentrations.
Effects of clofibrate and a fat‐modified diet on serum lipids

The combined effect of clofibrate and a fat-modified diet was determined in 17 hyperlipidemic patients: 7 type IIA, 7 type IV, 2 type VI(IIB), and 1 type III. Control serum lipid levels and lipoprotein patterns and their alteration with a fat-modified diet had been determined previously 1/2 to 2 years for 3 patients, and 6 to 10 years for 14 patients. Two grams of clofibrate a day (0.5 gm four times daily) was taken along with the fat-modified diet for 2 to 6 months by 5 patients and for 2 years by 13 patients. The effect of clofibrate and a fat-controlled diet was also determined in 10 normolipidemic men who were subjects of an 18-day test in which the polyunsaturated fat diet was quantitatively prepared and eaten along with 2 gm clofibrate a day (0.5 gm four times daily). The effect of clofibrate on serum cholesterol levels was a further mean reduction in type IIA patients by 19 %, in type III by 23%, in type IV by 12%, in type VI by 7%, and in normolipidemic subjects by 8%. The extent of the additional serum cholesterol reduction with clofibrate in individual hyperlipidemic patients varied from +10% to minus 44% and was not related directly to the type of hyperlipidemia. The extent of reduction appeared related directly to the level of minus S 40-70 (similar to Sf 12-20) lipoprotein fraction in the control serum sample. Serum triglyceride levels were unaffected in type IIA and normolipidemic subjects. Serum triglyceride levels did not change consistently in the 2 type VI patients, rising by 11% in 1 and dropping by 31% in the other. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly (p = 0.001) and consistently reduced by 39% only in type IV patients.
You Do Not Look Well Today, Mon Ami

This case discusses pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between amitriptyline and amiodarone, resulting in QRS widening.
Characteristics of Myeloperoxidase from Neutrophils and Other Peroxidases from Different Cell Types

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the class of oxidoreductases (EC 1.11.1.7). The electron acceptor substrate for this enzyme is solely hydrogen peroxide, while the electron donor substrates are different reductants including halides (with the exception of fluoride).
P53: A Determinant of the Cell Cycle Response to DNA Damage

Historically, most efficacious chemotherapuetic regimens have been developed empirically (i.e. by trial and error) rather than by a rational understanding of the differences between normal cells and tumor cells in the molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutic agents. Dosing and scheduling of agents optimally should be based on a detailed understanding of such differences between the responses of normal cells and tumor cells in order to maximize therapeutic index with antineoplastic agents. Molecular characterization of cell cycle checkpoints following DNA damage should provide insights into both: 1) mechanisms of cellular transformation, since these checkpoints appear to limit heritable genetic changes following DNA damage; and 2) mechanisms of tumor cell kill following chemotherapy, since these checkpoints appear to enhance cell survival following DNA damage (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). Recent characterization in our laboratory of the p53 tumor suppressor gene as a determinant of the cell cycle response to certain types of DNA damage (Kastan et al, 1991; Kuerbitz et al, 1992) should have therapeutic implications, especially since p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers identified thus far (Vogelstein, 1990; Hollstein et al., 1991).
Reducing Symptom Distress in Patients With Advanced Cancer Using an e-Alert System for Caregivers: Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have the potential to help patients manage those symptoms, as well as their own stress, if they are equipped with the proper resources. Electronic health (eHealth) systems may be able to provide those resources. Very sick patients may not be able to use such systems themselves to report their symptoms but family caregivers could. Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the effects on cancer patient symptom distress of an eHealth system that alerts clinicians to significant changes in the patient’s symptoms, as reported by a family caregiver. Methods: A pooled analysis from two randomized clinical trials (NCT00214162 and NCT00365963) compared outcomes at 12 months for two unblinded groups: a control group (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System [CHESS]-Only) that gave caregivers access to CHESS, an online support system, and an experimental group (CHESS+CR [Clinician Report]), which also had CHESS but with a CR that automatically alerted clinicians if symptoms exceeded a predetermined threshold of severity. Participants were dyads (n=235) of patients with advanced lung, breast, or prostate cancer and their respective family caregivers from 5 oncology clinics in the United States of America. The proportion of improved patient threshold symptoms was compared between groups using area-under-the-curve analysis and binomial proportion tests. The proportion of threshold symptoms out of all reported symptoms was also examined. Results: When severe caregiver-reported symptoms were shared with clinicians, the symptoms were more likely to be subsequently reported as improved than when the symptoms were not shared with clinicians (P<.001). Fewer symptom reports were completed in the group of caregivers whose reports went to clinicians than in the CHESS-Only group (P<.001), perhaps because caregivers, knowing their reports might be sent to a doctor, feared they might be bothering the clinician. Conclusions: This study suggests that an eHealth system designed for caregivers that alerts clinicians to worrisome changes in patient health status may lead to reduced patient distress. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00214162; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00214162 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nmgdGfuD) and Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00365963; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00365963 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nmh0U8VP) [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(11):e354]
Economic cycle, fertility, and seasonal pattern of suicide rates in South Korea from 1995 to 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate mixed risk factors associated with suicide rates in South Korea. Data on suicide in South Korea from 1995 to 2015 were investigated to understand risk factors for suicide using time series analysis. We found that increasing GDP per capita growth rates and fertility rates were associated with decreasing suicide rates. Using the moving average method (monthly data), we found a negative correlation between suicide rates and the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI). Moreover, a seasonal pattern of suicide rates was found in South Korea. The suicide rate was highest in May and lowest in January. The months of outliers occurred against the seasonal pattern observed in 1998, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2008. These might be associated with the economic crisis or other miscellaneous risk factors. These results provide evidence that there is a significant relationship between suicide rates and the socioeconomic factors mentioned above in South Korea. The results obtained in this study may help to create public policies for lowering suicide rates in South Korea.
Family Involvement in Cognitive Recovery following Traumatic Brain Injury

Prior to addressing the specifics of cognitive recovery strategies to be used by the family, issues related to involvement of family members in a rehabilitation program need to be discussed. A great deal is at stake for the family of a head-injured person. The impact of head injury on family members has been addressed in multiple publications documenting the potentially devastating effect on family health and stability. Rosenbaum and Najenson (1976), in an Israeli population, found that wives of head-injured individuals were more likely to be depressed and less likely to have a stable support network than the wives of persons with paraplegia or uninjured males. Kozloff (1987) was able to document decreasing social support for head-injured persons and their families as the time since injury increases. Finally, multiple studies coming from Glasgow, Scotland (Livingston, Brooks, & Bond, 1985; Livingston, 1987; Brooks, Campsie, Symington, Beattie, & McKinlay, 1987) indicate the extreme burden placed on family members by head-injured individuals even up to seven years postinjury.
Deep desulfurization of petroleum feedstocks by selective adsorption and extraction

viii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Literature Review 2 References 8 CHAPTER 2. EXTRACTION OF DIBENZOTHIOPHENES FROM PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCKS USING A RUTHENIUM COMPLEX IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION 10 Abstract 10 Introduction 11 Experimental 13 General Considerations 13 Synthesis of [Ru(NH3);(4,6-Me2DBT)][PF6]2 (1). 14 Synthesis of [Rti(NH3)s(DBT)][PF6]2 (2). 14 Synthesis of [Ru(NH3)5(BT)][PF6]2 (3). 15 Synthesis of [Ru(NH3)5(T)][PF6]z (4). 15 Extraction of DBT and 4,6-MezDBT from Simulated Petroleum Fuel. 15 Calculation of Equilibrium Constants. 16 Results and Discussion 17 Syntheses and Structures of [Ru(NH3)5(Th*)][PF6]2. 17 Removal of DBT 6om Ru(NH3);(DBT)^ by Oxidation. 20 Removal of DBT from Ru(NH3)5(DBT) by Displacement with H2O. 22 Extraction of DBT from Simulated Fuel with [Ru(NH3),(H20)][PF6]2. 23 Extraction of 4,6 Me2DBT 60m Simulated Fuel with [Ru(NH3)5(H20)][PF6]2. 24
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Vestibulo-ocular reflex defect in cerebellar stroke

A 69-year-old man presented with acute vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. The patient had left-beating nystagmus and an abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex with corrective saccades on right head impulse (video 1). He had impaired pursuits to the left but no other cerebellar/neurologic findings (skew/hearing loss). MRI showed an acute stroke affecting the left cerebellar flocculonodular region (figure). Prior research has shown that an abnormal head impulse test (HIT) strongly predicts a peripheral process, and is inversely associated with posterior fossa stroke.1 Our case illustrates the limited specificity of this clinical test. Nine percent of patients with a positive HIT have cerebellar strokes.2
"Being Stewards of Land is Our Legacy": Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young Black Farmers

The oppressive histories of slavery, sharecropping, and discriminatory lending practices contribute to a modern American agricultural landscape where black farmers are underrepresented. While African Americans once made up 14% of the United States’ farmer population, today they only make up 1.4%. Moreover, the American farmer population overall is aging, and currently only 6% of farmers are under the age of 35. Despite these trends indi­cating decline, a small population of young black farmers is emerging. This qualitative case study aims to explore the experiences of this previously unexamined group of farmers. Participants found autonomy and self-sufficiency in agriculture, and a particular form of empowerment derived from reclaiming land and actively choosing to engage in work their ancestors were forced to do without pay. Findings from the study have implications for agricultural educators, extension professionals, and policy-makers working to cultivate a more diverse and representative body of American farmers. See the press release for this article.
Making Connections? A Study of Interethnic Dialogue in a Divided Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACTDialogue can have positive effects for participants, but it is not clear how it affects members of the wider community. This study examines a dialogue project in Prozor-Rama in Bosnia and H...
Towards a global knowledge for environmentally sustainable development agenda in 21 st century southern Africa

After three decades of research and theorizing on the information and communication approach to development, there is no universal consensus among researchers, academics, communication practitioners and development experts on the age-Old question: how does communication and information causally relate to development? What has, instead, emerged is an alphabet soup of theories, concepts, approaches, paradigms and models on how information and communication might impact on development. Whether one looks at the various models of information and communication for development; or whatever one calls it, the theories advanced under the various acronyms still do not conclusively address the basic question raised above. Is there a missing link, variable or factor in all of these attempts to causally relate information and communication to development? What assumptions are embedded in the current theories of information and communication for development?
Review: The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music by Nina Sun Eidsheim

Nina Sun Eidsheim. The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. 288 pp. Nina Sun Eidsheim's The Race of Sound compels us to pause in order to listen to how we listen. Aiming to raise “awareness of timbral discrimination
Examining the joint impact of relationship norms and service failure severity on consumer responses

This study investigates consumers’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes after service failure encounters with companies with which they have previously established good relationships. It indicates t...
Disruption of fibronectin fibrillogenesis affects intraocular pressure (IOP) in BALB/cJ mice

Increased deposition of fibronectin fibrils containing EDA+fibronectin by TGFβ2 is thought to be involved in the reduction of aqueous humor outflow across the trabecular meshwork (TM) of the eye and the elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) observed in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Using a fibronectin-binding peptide called FUD that can disrupt fibronectin fibrillogenesis, we examined if disrupting fibronectin fibrillogenesis would affect IOP in the TGFβ2 BALB/cJ mouse model of ocular hypertension. BALB/cJ mice that had been intravitreally injected with an adenovirus (Ad5) expressing a bioactive TGFβ2226/228 showed a significant increase in IOP after 2 weeks. When 1μM FUD was injected intracamerally into mice 2 weeks post Ad5-TGFβ2 injection, FUD significantly reduced IOP after 2 days. Neither mutated FUD (mFUD) nor PBS had any effect on IOP. Four days after FUD was injected, IOP returned to pre-FUD injection levels. In the absence of TGFβ2, intracameral injection of FUD had no effect on IOP. Western blotting of mouse anterior segments expressing TGFβ2 showed that FUD decreased fibronectin levels 2 days after intracameral injection (p<0.05) but not 7 days compared to eyes injected with PBS. mFUD injection had no significant effect on fibronectin levels at any time point. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies in human TM (HTM) cells showed that treatment with 2ng/ml TGFβ2 increased the amount of EDA+ and EDB+ fibronectin incorporated into fibrils and 2μM FUD decreased both EDA+ and EDB+ fibronectin in fibrils. An on-cell western assay validated this and showed that FUD caused a 67% reduction in deoxycholate insoluble fibronectin fibrils in the presence of TGFβ2. FUD also caused a 43% reduction in fibronectin fibrillogenesis in the absence of TGFβ2 while mFUD had no effect. These studies suggest that targeting the assembly of fibronectin fibrillogenesis may represent a way to control IOP.
Exercise video games are associated with more positive affective response, which predicts physical activity adherence

Abstract Background A more positive affective valence during exercise is predictive of adherence to physical activity programs. This study examines the relationship between affective response during exercise and longer-term maintenance of physical activity among individuals using exercise video games (EVGs) and standard modalities of physical activity (i.e., walking, cycling). Methods Healthy adults (mean age 45.4, SD = 14.5) were randomly assigned to a 12-week supervised, thrice weekly program of EVGs (n = 93) or Standard exercise (n = 96), and were assessed for affect immediately before, at the mid-point, and immediately after one exercise session per week. Participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was conducted at end of treatment (EOT) and 6-month follow up. Results EVG participants reported more positive affective valence during exercise compared to Standard participants (b = 0.63, SE = 0.08, p Conclusions EVGs may provide an effective means of promoting more positive shifts in affective valence both during, and in anticipation of, physical activity that encourages longer-term participation.
Electrically conducting polymer blends

Abstract A versatile technique for preparing electrically conducting polymer blends is presented which utilizes the soluble precursor approach to conducting polymer synthesis. The water-soluble polymeric sulphonium salt precursor to poly( p -phenylene vinylene) (PPV), a conducting polymer, has been used to prepare blends of PPV with polyacrylamide (PAcr). These phase-separated blends yield flexible and transparent films of good mechanical properties which can be oxidized with strong electron acceptors (e.g. AsF 5 ) and thereby exhibit greatly enhanced electrical conductivity. The ultimate conductivity shows an atypical gradual composition dependence, which lies between that of the pure components. These blends can also be thermally stretched in the manner reported for pure PPV. Stretching of the PPV/PAcr blends results in highly efficient PPV chain orientation and greatly augmented conductivity along the stretch axis.
Broad Scope and High-yield Access to Unsymmetrical Acyclic [11C]ureas for Biomedical Imaging from [11C]carbonyl Difluoride.

Effective methods are needed for labelling acyclic ureas with carbon-11 (t1/2 =20.4 min) as potential radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we describe the rapid and high-yield syntheses of unsymmetrical acyclic [11 C]ureas under mild conditions (room temperature and within 7 min) using no-carrier-added [11 C]carbonyl difluoride with aliphatic and aryl amines. This methodology is compatible with diverse functionality (e. g., hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, amido, or pyridyl) in the substrate amines. The labelling process proceeds through putative [11 C]carbamoyl fluorides and for primary amines through isolable [11 C]isocyanate intermediates. Unsymmetrical [11 C]ureas are produced with negligible amounts of unwanted symmetrical [11 C]urea byproducts. Moreover, the overall labelling method tolerates trace water and the generally moderate to excellent yields show good reproducibility. [11 C]Carbonyl difluoride shows exceptional promise for application to the synthesis of acyclic [11 C]ureas as new radiotracers for biomedical imaging with PET.
Vegetation Zonation Predicts Soil Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Communities in Southern New England Salt Marshes

Coastal marshes are important blue carbon reservoirs, but it is unclear how vegetation shifts associated with tidal restoration and sea level rise alter soil microbial respiration rates and bacterial community composition. Within 20 Connecticut salt marshes (10 without tidal restrictions, 10 tidally restored), we sampled three vegetation zones dominated by Spartina alterniflora (short-form, < 30 cm tall), S. patens, and Phragmites australis to estimate microbial respiration rates (SIR, substrate-induced respiration; carbon mineralization), root zone bacterial 16S rRNA genes, and a suite of plant and soil characteristics. Carbon density was greater in unrestricted marshes than tidally restored marshes and was the only parameter that differed among sites with varying restoration histories. We observed strong differences among vegetation zones, with vegetation being a top predictor of both SIR and carbon mineralization. Electrical conductivity (EC) was also a top predictor for SIR, and we observed strong, positive correlations between EC and both metrics of microbial respiration, with elevated rates in more frequently inundated S. alterniflora than P. australis zones. We also observed distinct root zone microbial communities associated with vegetation zones, with greater abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria in Spartina spp. zones. Our findings suggest that dominant salt marsh vegetation zones are useful indicators of hydrologic conditions and could be used to estimate microbial respiration rates; however, it is still unclear whether differences in microbial respiration and community composition among vegetation zones are driven by plant community, environmental conditions, or their interactions.
Transplant of SARS-CoV-2-infected Living Donor Liver: Case Report

Given the high community prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transplant programs will encounter SARS-CoV-2 infections in living donors or recipients in the perioperative period. There is limited data on SARS-CoV-2 viremia and organotropism beyond the respiratory tract to inform the risk of transplant transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We report a case of a living donor liver transplant recipient who received a right lobe graft from a living donor with symptomatic PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 d following donation. The donor was successfully treated with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma. No viral transmission was identified, and both donor and recipient had excellent postoperative outcomes.
Fast and effective protein model refinement using deep graph neural networks

Protein model refinement is the last step applied to improve the quality of a predicted protein model. Currently, the most successful refinement methods rely on extensive conformational sampling and thus take hours or days to refine even a single protein model. Here, we propose a fast and effective model refinement method that applies graph neural networks (GNNs) to predict a refined inter-atom distance probability distribution from an initial model and then rebuilds three-dimensional models from the predicted distance distribution. Tested on the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction refinement targets, our method has an accuracy that is comparable to those of two leading human groups (FEIG and BAKER), but runs substantially faster. Our method may refine one protein model within ~11 min on one CPU, whereas BAKER needs ~30 h on 60 CPUs and FEIG needs ~16 h on one GPU. Finally, our study shows that GNN outperforms ResNet (convolutional residual neural networks) for model refinement when very limited conformational sampling is allowed. Deep graph neural networks can refine a predicted protein model efficiently with less computing resources. The accuracy is comparable to that of the leading physics-based methods that rely on time-consuming conformation sampling.
A stereoscopic PIV system for the Princeton Superpipe

Herein, we describe the design and testing of a stereoscopic PIV system uniquely adapted for the high pressure environment of the Princeton Superpipe. The Superpipe is a recirculating pipe facility that utilizes compressed air as the working fluid to attain very high Reynolds numbers. Commercial piping is used as the pressure vessel to hold pressure up to 220 bars, and a test pipe is enclosed inside with a development length of 200 diameters that ensures a fully-developed condition at the test section. The highest achievable Reynolds number (based on the bulk velocity and the pipe diameter) is 35×106, corresponding to a maximum friction Reynolds number of 5×105. The unprecedented range of Reynolds number has enabled a number of new insights in the behavior of high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulence (Zagarola and Smits, 1998; Hultmark et al., 2013). However, past measurements in the Superpipe have been primarily restricted to single-component, one- or two-point statistics of fully-developed pipe flows. The present work aims to expand the capability of the Superpipe to study turbulent coherent structures and multi-point statistics by means of a new stereoscopic PIV system. The high pressure environment and the confined space inside the pressure vessel pose challenges to both imaging and seeding, the solutions to which will be discussed.
Using of simulation in project management

The duration of all or some activities in stochastic projects is a random variable. It is advantageous to generate values of random activity durations with beta probability distributions. We can carry out time analysis of stochastic projects by means of simulation.
Experimental Studies of Hydrogen Notion in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon and Germanium

An infrared and secondary ion mass spectrometry study of H diffusion in undoped, rf sputtered multilayered hydrogenated/deuterated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and germanium (a-Ge:H) is reported. The results indicate that in a-Si:H, the long range motion of atomic H is suppressed by a microvoid content exceeding a critical value associated with an initial SiH2 and SiH3 density Ndo ≃ 7±1 at.%. Qualitatively similar behavior is observed in a-Ge:H. In a-Si:H, the diffusion constant is strongly power-law time dependent slightly above the threshold (exponent α ≃ 0.75±0.15). In a-Ge:H containing essentially only bulk mono Ge-H centers, α ≃ 0.23. The implications of these results to the nature of the diffusion process in general and the intrinsic defects contributing to it in particular is discussed.
Doping of epitaxial silicon: Equilibrium gas phase and doping mechanism

Abstract In the doping of epitaxial Si the gas phase is analyzed assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, and the equilibrium partial pressures of various atomic aggregates of arsenic and phosphorus are calculated. Boron, when present in the gas phase, is probably in the form of a subhydride (e.g., BH3. Equilibrium processes such as formation of a solid solution and condensation are discussed theoretically. Epitaxial Si is grown by the hydrogen reduction of SiCl4 using hydrides of boron, arsenic and phosphorus as dopant sources. The doping results indicate that the incorporation of these dopants in the epitaxial Si is independent of Si deposition rate and represents an equilibrium process. The concentration of boron in the epitaxial layer increases exponentially with temperature whereas the concentration of arsenic and phosphorus decreases with increasing temperature and the results are explained by an equilibrium solubility mechanism.
Should Promethazine Be Available Without Prescription

In Reply.— Dr Rosefky is correct, promethazine lacks antidopaminergic activity. This represented an oversight on our part and we appreciate his attention to detail. We did point out correctly that due to the presence of a branch side chain and absence of a ring substitution, promethazine lacks significant antipsychotic effects.1 However, we do have to take exception with Dr Rosefky9s contention that "promethazine has few neurologic side effects." Essentially all patients who take the drug experience sedation, a neurologic side effect, not to mention those children who have seizures, dystonic responses, agitation, and hallucinations.
Absorption and translocation of mammalian viruses by plants: II. Recovery and distribution of viruses in plants

Abstract Pea, tomato, potato, and lettuce plants in modified hydroponic culture were exposed to strain FA mouse encephalomyelitis virus or to type 1 (Mahoney) or 2 (YSK or MEF-1) polioviruses, under conditions permitting independent tests for absorption and translocation. FA virus regularly entered plant roots and attained significant concentration; acropetal translocation occurred infrequently. Type 1 poliovirus as mixed suspension of monkey brain tissue extract and cell culture virus was absorbed by tomato plant roots but not translocated to aerial parts; Mahoney and YSK polioviruses in tissue culture fluid, and MEF-1 poliovirus in mouse brain suspension, were neither absorbed nor translocated by plants. In summary of positive experiments, virus was recovered from 47 of 52 plant roots and from the aerial portions of 6 of the 52 plants. Evidence is presented that instances of virus absorption and translocation by plants did not in fact originate from (a) accidental contamination, (b) activation of latent virus in test mice, or (c) capillary ascension of virus along root exteriors.
God and Country: Religion, Religiosity, and National Identity inAmerican Public Opinion

Despite the absence of a state religion, American today remains a more religious country – as measured by both belief and church attendance – than any advanced democracy. Religiosity is a central element of American national identity, a point made by a number of historical and contemporary analysts who have remarked on the country’s self-concept as a “city on a hill.” The relationships between religious and national identities, however, are less well-explored. Based on this literature as well as social identity theory and the “threat” hypothesis, we use public national public opinion data to address the following questions: first, how important is “Christianity” as a criterion for measuring up as a “true” American? Second, where do Americans stand on this question relative to citizens in other advanced democracies? Third, how does Christianity as a marker of inclusion or exclusion relate to other significant traits defining “American-ness”? Fourth, how do respondents’ religious denomination and level of religiosity influence how they conceive of the “true” American? Fifth, what are the consequences, in terms of other attitudes related to immigration and diversity, of a more highly religious conception of American national identity? Finally, have these dynamics changed over time in response to the heightened perceived threat from Muslims in the post 9/11 world?
TNFB Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Korean

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the gene frequency of TNFB Ncol polymorphism and its association with HLA class II antigen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in Korea. METHODS We investigated the gene frequency of the TNFB alleles using DNA obtained from peripheral mononuclar cells in 141 healthy controls and in 58 patients with SLE. The polymorphisms of TNFB gene (735 bp) were studied by Ncol PCR-RELP. A portion of TNFB gene(735 bp) was amplified by PCR and its products were digested with Ncol restriction enzyme. The digested samples of amplified DNA were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. TNFB*1 and TNFB*2 alleles were identified according to polymorphic fragments on Ncol restriction site in the first intron of the TNFB gene. The generic types of HLA-DRBI were also determined by PCR with sequence specific primers(SSP) using genomic DNA from the same subjects. RESULTS The genotypic frequency of TNFB*2 homozygote was significantly increased in patients with SLE compared with controls(RR = 2.36, P = 0.011). The frequency of HLA-DRBI*15 was also significantly increased in patients (RR = 2.27, P = 0.029). However, the increased frequency of TNFB*2 homozygote was apparently increased in nephritis group (RR = 2.79, P = 0.035), whereas the significance of TNFB*2 homozygote was weakend in non-nephritis group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic predisposition of TNFB*2 homozygote is another risk factor in Korean SLE, especially in DR2 negative patients. In addition, TNFB*2 homozygote could have a tendency for the development of nephritis in patients with SLE.
On n-Hamiltonian line graphs

Abstract With each nonempty graph G one can associate a graph L(G), called the line graph of G, with the property that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between E(G) and V(L(G)) such that two vertices of L(G) are adjacent if and only if the corresponding edges of G are adjacent. For integers m ≥ 2, the mth iterated line graph Lm(G) of G is defined to be L(Lm-1(G)). A graph G of order p ≥ 3 is n-Hamiltonian, 0 ≤ n ≤ p − 3, if the removal of any k vertices, 0 ≤ k ≤ n, results in a Hamiltonian graph. It is shown that if G is a connected graph with δ(G) ≥ 3, where δ(G) denotes the minimum degree of G, then L2(G) is (δ(G) − 3)-Hamiltonian. Furthermore, if G is 2-connected and δ(G) ≥ 4, then L2(G) is (2δ(G) − 4)-Hamiltonian. For a connected graph G which is neither a path, a cycle, nor the graph K(1, 3) and for any positive integer n, the existence of an integer k such that Lm(G) is n-Hamiltonian for every m ≥ k is exhibited. Then, for the special case n = 1, bounds on (and, in some cases, the exact value of) the smallest such integer k are determined for various classes of graphs.
Novel block ionomers. III. Mechanical and rheological properties

Select rheological (dynamic viscoelastic) and mechanical properties of novel block cationomers and anionomers and their blends have been investigated. The block ionomers were linear di- and triblocks, and symmetric three-arm stars comprising hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) blocks attached to ionized poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA−X+, where X+ = Na+, Zn2+) and poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA+I−) blocks. The specific structures investigated were the well-defined diblocks PIB-b-PMAA− and PIB-b-PDMAEMA+ and their blends, the triblocks PMAA−-b-PIB-b-PMAA− and PDMAEMA+-b-PIB-b-PDMAEMA+ and their blends, and the three-arm star anionomer Φ(PIB-b-PMAA−)3. For comparison, the properties of the precursor PIBs and unionized blocks have also been studied. Hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of the PMAA blocks in PIB-b-PMAA diblocks leads to inverse micelles. Neutralization of the PMAA by Zn(AcO)2 and quaternization of the PDMAEMA segments by CH3I in the triblock copolymers and star copolymers yielded ionic domains, which self-assemble and produce physical networks held together by coulumbic interaction. The physical/chemical characteristics of the domains control the viscoelastic behavior and mechanical properties of these block ionomers. The mechanical properties of the various block ionomers were significantly enhanced relative to the precursors, and they were thermally stable below the transition temperature. Further, the thermomechanical properties of these novel materials were satisfactory even above 200°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1516–1525, 2003
TH‐F‐211‐03: A More Accurate Dose Calculation for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

Purpose: Dose discrepancy emerges between the calculation algorithm and measurements due to MLC tongue and groove (TG) effect, and rapid changes of the MLC apertures between adjacent control points (CP) in hypofractionated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) that demands high dose modulation. This study explores methods to correct these dose calculation errors. Methods: Because the physical width of tongue or groove is around 1mm, the 2mm transmission matrix resolution used in the current calculation algorithm may result in errors due to aliasing in the MLC transmission sampling. A new calculation algorithm using 1mm resolution is implemented to remove aliasing and more accurately model TG transmission. The commonly used gantry angle sampling resolution of 2 degree causes significant error when there is large MLC movement from one CP to next. Instead of inserting additional CP which doubles the calculation time, we insert two more apertures that are interpolated at a 0.7 degree resolution before and after each CP. The weighted average transmission is then used for calculation. Dose calculations are compared with film measurements for hypofractionated VMAT in lung, hip, prostate and paraspinal cases to assess accuracy. Results: Up to 10% maximal local and 3.3% average field dose discrepancy exist with the 2mm resolution algorithm. The errors are reduced to 5% maximal and 2% average with the 1mm resolution algorithm, and further reduced to within 3% maximal and 0.5% average using the finer aperture angular resolution. With both corrections built in, the gamma (3%,3mm) pass rate is closer to 100% with improvement ranging from 2% to 14% relative to pass rate without correction. Conclusions: Finer transmission and angular resolution needs to be implemented in the dose calculation algorithm to handle the highly modulated fields in hypofractionated VMAT and consistently achieve a high accuracy required by the QA program.
Physical attractiveness and occupational prestige among male college graduates.

A set of archival data was used to test the hypothesis that physical attractiveness is positively associated with socioeconomic status among men. Consistent with earlier research, more attractive men earned equivalent grades while undergraduates. They were also no more likely to have subsequently earned a graduate degree or to have held jobs characterized by higher status as indexed by Duncan (1961) prestige scores. Attractiveness itself was stable over the 25 yr. for those initially judged to be intermediate in attractiveness. Those who were initially most and least attractive were judged to have declined and increased, respectively, over the period in question, providing evidence for a regression toward the mean.
Clinical management of latex-allergic children.

UNLABELLED Latex allergy in children with myelodysplasia and urological anomalies is well recognized. We anesthetized 162 children with latex allergy who underwent 267 anesthetics according to a latex-safe protocol. Medication for allergy prophylaxis was not administered. Our patients were 11.6 +/- 5.8 yr old (range 1-31 yr). Primary diagnoses were myelodysplasia, extrophy of the bladder, and cloacal extrophy. These children had many allergies to medications and foods as well as environmental sensitivities. One patient of 162 (1 procedure of 267) had an allergic reaction after injection of an epidural catheter with bupivacaine and fentanyl. No other patient manifested allergy signs or symptoms. Latex-allergic children can be safely anesthetized using a latex-safe protocol without allergy chemoprophylaxis. These patients require avoidance of latex products or the use of latex products that have been thoroughly washed. IMPLICATIONS This audit of the medical histories and treatment of 162 children with latex allergy who underwent 267 anesthetics indicates that latex-allergic children can be safely anesthetized if exposure to latex in the medical environment is avoided, and that administration of prophylactic medications to decrease the allergic response is unnecessary.
Heptakis(2‐O‐methyl‐3,6‐di‐O‐sulfo)‐ β‐cyclodextrin: A single‐isomer, 14‐sulfated β‐cyclodextrin for use as a chiral resolving agent in capillary electrophoresis

The first single-isomer, 14-sulfated beta-cyclodextrin, the sodium salt of heptakis(2-O-methyl-3,6-di-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin (HMdiSu) has been used to separate 24 pharmaceutical weak base enantiomers in pH 2.5 background electrolytes using capillary electrophoresis. For the weakly binding bases, the cationic effective mobilities decreased, approached zero, and then increased again. For the strongly binding bases, the cationic effective mobilities decreased, became anionic at very low concentrations of HMdiSu, passed an anionic mobility maximum, then decreased again as the HMdiSu concentration was increased. Viscosity corrections according to Walden's rule did not eliminate these unexpected effective mobility extrema. The mobility extrema were rationalized by extending the charged resolving agent migration model (CHARM model) to include ionic strength effects.
Instrumental development of novel detection and separation methods for capillary electrophoresis

After a general introduction, this thesis is divided into 3 parts: indirect fluorescence detection of sugars separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with visible laser excitation, absorption detection in capillary electrophoresis by fluorescence energy transfer, and increased selectivity for electrochromatography by dynamic ion exchange.
The Relationship Between Hyperfemininity and Achievement of Ego Identity Among College Women

In this study, the relationships between the variables of hyperfemininity and ideological and interpersonal identity status among college women were investigated. A 3 × 3 factorial ANOVA was conducted with Hyperfemininity (low, medium, and high) and Year in School (1 year, 2 years, and 3 or more years). Significant main effects were found for Hyperfemininity and for Year in School, but none of the interaction effects were significant.