cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Sound and Song: Lectors and Cantors in Early Medieval Iberia

In early medieval Iberia, Suevic and Visigothic conversions to Nicene Christianity in the 560s and 580s generated ongoing episcopal and royal attention to cathedral liturgies and to the clerics who performed them. This article turns to this Iberian context to illuminate how lectors and cantors and their aural duties became increasingly central to the production of Christian orthodoxy. It is argued that in the early 600s Visigothic anxieties over the production of correct liturgical sound eventually became a focal point of longstanding episcopal efforts to clericalise the minor officers of the Church.
New use of a metal detector.

I offer my recent observation on a new technique for following the passage of a coin through the digestive tract. Several months ago I was called by a distraught mother who informed me that her 7-year-old daughter had just swallowed a quarter. X-ray did reveal the coin located in the stomach. I reassured the family informing them that it would pass through in the next few days. After about two weeks of stool gazing and nonpassage the child was x-rayed again, and to my dismay I noted that the coin had not budged and less reassuringly sent them home to await passage of the pesky coin.
Fuel load, stand structure, and understory species composition following prescribed fire in an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forest

With the prevalence of catastrophic wildfire increasing in response to widespread fire suppression and climate change, land managers have sought methods to increase the resiliency of landscapes to fire. The application of prescribed burning in ecosystems adapted to fire can reduce fuel load and fire potential while minimizing impacts to the ecosystem as a whole. Coast redwood forests have historically experienced fire from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and are likely to respond favorably to its reintroduction. Random sampling was conducted in three burned sites and in three unburned sites, in an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.) forest. Data were collected on fuel, forest structure, and understory species composition and compared between treatments. Downed woody fuel, duff depth, litter depth, and density of live woody fuels were found to be significantly lower on sites treated with fire compared to unburned sites. Density of the dominant overstory canopy species, coast redwood and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), remained consistent between treatments, and the abundance of herbaceous understory plant species was not significantly altered by burning. In addition, both downed woody fuel and live fuel measures were positively correlated with time since last burn, with the lowest measures on the most recently burned sites. Our results indicated that the use of prescribed burning in old-growth redwood forests can provide beneficial reductions in live and dead surface fuels with minimal impacts to overstory trees and understory herbaceous species.
Similarity of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Recent Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Recovered from Various US Regions and Diverse Clinical Conditions

Mycoplasma bovis is involved in mastitis, pneumonia and polyarthritis of beef and dairy cattle. Infections can affect all ages and respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Variation in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among isolates of M. bovis recovered from various tissues in dairy or beef outbreaks has been suspected but not verified. Increasing resistance of isolates has been recently documented, 1 so it appears that periodic large-scale surveillance would be useful to veterinarians, diagnosticians and researchers, especially to compare isolates from different regions within the US. It would also be beneficial to establish a standardized method for in-vitro susceptibility testing. This report contains antimicrobial susceptibilities for 223 isolates obtained from five US regions and from four tissue sites.
Dosimetry Evaluation of Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Short-Course Radiotherapy and Sequential Multi-Agent Chemotherapy With Non-Operative Intent.

Purpose/Objective(s) Short course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by chemotherapy (CH) with non-operative intent is a promising treatment option for rectal adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the incidence, severity, and dosimetric predictors of acute and late toxicities for patients treated with SCRT-CH undergoing non-operative management. Materials/Methods From January 2018 to May 2019, 90 patients with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma were treated with SCRT-CH. 42 patients with cCR have not required surgical intervention to date and were included in this analysis. Patients received 25 Gy /5 fx to the pelvis with an optional primary boost to 30 Gy. Patients were evaluated every 3 months for recurrence and toxicity. Treatment plans were assessed for mean dose, max dose, V125%, V105%, V100%, V80% for the following structures: PTV, anal canal, rectum, large bowel, small bowel, and entire bowel. Toxicities were graded per CTCAEv5.0. Patients with clinically significant toxicity were compared to those without by the Mann-Whitney U test. The difference was statistically significant at the p Results Of the 42 patients evaluated, the average age was 61.9 years (range 24-85) and 23 (54.8%) were male. Four patients (9.5%) developed grade 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicities. The grade 3 toxicities of colitis, diarrhea, and ileus occurred during CH. One grade 3 rectal pain occurred shortly after completion of SCRT. Dosimetric parameters are reported in Table 1 below; there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in the evaluated dosimetric variables between patients with and without clinically significant toxicity. No late grade 3 or greater GI toxicities were present at last follow-up. Conclusion In this dosimetric evaluation of SCRT-CH and non-operative management for rectal adenocarcinoma no dosimetric variables were associated with grade 3 or greater toxicities. These data can provide the foundation for future studies, including evaluating dose escalation, in SCRT-CH non-operative treatment.
Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of intraperitoneally administered 124I-omburtamab in patients with desmoplastic small round cell tumors.

The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of 124I-omburtamab administered intraperitoneally in patients with desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT). Methods: Eligible patients diagnosed with DSRCT with peritoneal involvement were enrolled in a phase I trial of intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy with 131I-omburtamab (NCT01099644). After thyroid blockade and prior to radioimmunotherapy, patients received ~74 MBq 124I-omburtamab intraperitoneally. Five serial PET/CT scans were performed up to 144 h post-injection. Multiple blood samples were obtained up to 120 h post-injection. Organ absorbed doses were calculated with OLINDA/EXM. Results: Thirty-one patients were studied. Blood pharmacokinetics exhibited a biphasic pattern consisting of an initial rising phase with a median half-time (± standard deviation) of 23±15 h and a subsequent falling phase with a median half-time of 56±34 h. Peritoneal distribution was heterogenous but diffuse in most patients. Self-dose to the peritoneal cavity was 0.58±0.19 mGy/MBq. Systemic distribution and activity noted in major organs was low. The median absorbed doses were 0.72±0.23 mGy/MBq for liver, 0.48±0.17 mGy/MBq for spleen, and 0.57±0.12 mGy/MBq for kidneys. The mean effective dose was 0.31±0.10 mSv/MBq. Whole-body and peritoneal cavity biological half-times were 45±9 h and 24±5 h, respectively. Conclusion: PET/CT imaging with intraperitoneally administered 124I-omburtamab enables assessment of intraperitoneal distribution and estimation of absorbed dose to peritoneal space and normal organs prior to therapy.
Robust and Efficient Tracker Using Dictionary of Binary Descriptors and Locality Constraints

We present a Robust and Efficient tracker using Binary dEscriptors and Locality constraints (REBEL) that achieves real time performance and is suitable for embedded applications. Our tracker is based on a dictionary of templates which is regularly updated to capture variations in object appearance. Image patches are represented with local binary descriptors, such as Binary Robust Independent Features (BRIEF), Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) and Fast REtinA Keypoints (FREAK). Binary descriptors offer computational efficiency, low memory requirements and easy matching based on Hamming distance. In each new frame, candidate regions are matched with dictionary elements to determine the location of the tracked object. Locality constraints in the form of a penalty function are taken into consideration to reduce jitter and eliminate drift. The proposed method is both computationally efficient and parallelizable making it a good candidate for hardware implementation. Results on standard videos demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of this tracker.
Hypoxia up-regulates the activity of a novel erythropoietin mRNA binding protein.

Abstract The mechanisms which control the production of erythropoietin (Epo) remain enigmatic. Recent data suggest that the half-time of Epo messenger RNA (mRNA) is increased by hypoxia in Hep 3B cells, a human hepatoma line. The post-transcriptional regulation of other rapidly degraded mRNAs is mediated by sequence-specific mRNA binding proteins. In order to determine if Epo mRNA specific binding proteins exist, we probed cytosolic lysates from Hep 3B cells and mouse tissues with radiolabeled Epo RNA. A cytosolic protein that binds specifically to Epo RNA was identified in the Epo-producing, hepatoblastoma Hep 3B cell line by gel mobility shift assay. This protein was identified in both normoxic and hypoxic cells and bound specifically to a 120-base fragment of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Epo mRNA. Binding was completed with unlabeled Epo RNA, but not with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor RNA. Ultraviolet light cross-linked Epo RNA-protein complexes migrated as two bands of 70 and 135-140 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Binding activity was markedly increased in brain and spleen lysates from mice subjected to 24 h of hypoxia. Therefore, the post-transcriptional regulation of Epo expression in response to hypoxia may in part be due to the interaction of Epo RNA with its specific binding protein.
Simulating Continuous Fuzzy Systems

Abstract In previous studies we concentrated on utilizing crisp, numeric simulation to produce discrete event fuzzy systems simulations. Then we extended this research to the simulation of continuous fuzzy systems models. In this study, we continue our study of continuous fuzzy systems using crisp continuous simulation. Consider a crisp continuous system whose process of evolution depends on differential equations. Such a system contains a number of parameters that must be estimated. Usually point estimates are computed and used in the model. However, these point estimates typically have uncertainty associated with them. We propose to incorporate uncertainty by using fuzzy numbers as estimates of these unknown parameters. Fuzzy parameters convert the crisp system into a fuzzy system. Trajectories describing the behavior of the system become fuzzy curves. We will employ crisp continuous simulation to estimate these fuzzy trajectories. Three examples are discussed.
A relational representation for procedural task knowledge

This paper proposes a methodology for learning joint probability estimates regarding the effect of sensorimotor features on the predicated quality of desired behavior. These relationships can then be used to choose actions that will most likely produce success. relational dependency networks are used to learn statistical models of procedural task knowledge. An example task expert for picking up objects is learned through actual experience with a humanoid robot. We believe that this approach is widely applicable and has great potential to allow a robot to autonomously determine which features in the world are salient and should be used to recommend policy for action.
The role of the fluoroquinolones

Over the past decade, the quinolone antimicrobial class has enjoyed a renaissance with the emergence of the fluoroquinolone subclass. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and lomefloxacin have the advantages of broad antimicrobial activity profiles including gram-positive and -negative aerobes, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles including substantial oral bioavailability and extensive tissue distribution, and in general, favorable safety profiles. As clinical experience accumulates, our understanding of their optimum roles will become more refined. In six instances, these agents may be preferred over currently available agents: complicated urinary tract infections, empiric therapy of suspected bacterial gastroenteritis, eradication of the Salmonella carrier state, respiratory exacerbations due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis, invasive external otitis, and chronic gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis. The efficacy and convenience of these agents for the treatment of a broad range of infections have already resulted in their extensive use. Such use carries the risk of selection pressure for the development of resistance and the adverse consequences of increased cost over less expensive, equally effective alternatives. The use of the fluoroquinolones should focus on infections where there is demonstrated benefit of these agents over conventional agents or infections for which there are few or no alternatives.
METHYLATION EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATIONS

Chemical modification of nucleic acids by alkylating agents continues to be extensively explored from the perspective of chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Largely through the pioneering in vitro and in vivo studies of Lawley (1961), Lawley and Brookes (1963), Singer (1972), and Reese and coworkers (1965), coupled with theoretical predictions of Pullman (1974), a detailed profile has emerged of the principal alkylation sites for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Generally, alkylation of nucleic acids produces a multiplicity of reaction products dependent upon factors such as nature of base ring, electrophilicity of the alkylating agent (Lawley, 1976), and presence of activating enzymes (Magee and Barnes, 1967). Thus, for example, alklation of adenine nucleotides can occur at six sites, Figure 1. Strong electrophiles such as N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNUA) and N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG) couple preferentially with available oxygen donors, e.g., phosphate group, 2′ oxygen in ribonucleotides, while weakly electrophilic agents dimethyl sulfate and methyl methane sulfonate tend to show a higher proportion of ring nitrogen methylation at N1, N3, and N7 of purines.
Model reference adaptive control of cardiac output and blood pressure through two drug infusions

Control of blood pressure and cardiac output, with dopamine and sodium nitroprusside has been achieved using a model reference adaptive controller. A procedure for selecting the adaptation weights for a 2*2 system has been developed. Satisfactory model following has occurred despite time delays that caused stability criteria to be violated. The structure of the plant prohibited zero steady state error in some cases, even when the parameters were known. However, the resulting plant response is allowable from a physician's viewpoint. The adaptive controller is compared with a nonadaptive controller, showing the motivation for adaptive control. >
Functional and anatomical differences between continent and incontinent men post radical prostatectomy on urodynamics and 3T MRI: a pilot study.

Aims There are competing hypotheses about the etiology of post prostatectomy incontinence (PPI). The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and functional differences between men with and without PPI. Methods Case–control study of continent and incontinent men after radical prostatectomy who underwent functional and anatomic studies with urodynamics and 3.0 Tesla MRI. All men were at least 12 months post prostatectomy and none had a history of pelvic radiation or any prior surgery for incontinence. Results Baseline demographics, surgical approach, and pathology were similar between incontinent (cases) (n = 14) and continent (controls) (n = 12) men. Among the cases, the average 24 hr pad weight was 400.0 ± 176.9 g with a mean of 2.4 ± 0.7 pads per day. Urethral pressure profiles at rest did not significantly differ between groups; however, with a Kegel maneuver the rise in urethral pressure was 2.6 fold higher in controls. On MRI, the urethral length was 31–35% shorter and the bladder neck was 28.9° more funneled in cases. There were no differences in levator ani muscle size between groups. There was distortion of the sphincter area in 85.7% of cases and in 16.7% of controls (P = 0.001). Conclusions Men with PPI were not able to increase urethral pressure with a Kegel maneuver despite similar resting urethral pressure profiles. Additionally, incontinent men had shorter urethras and were more likely to have distortion of the sphincter area. All suggesting that the sphincter in men with PPI is both diminutive and poorly functional. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:527–532, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colonic Cell Proliferation and Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation Are Inhibited by Dairy Glycosphingolipids in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Treated CF1 Mice

Dietary sphingomyelin (SM) inhibits early stages of colon cancer (appearance of aberrant crypt foci, ACF) and decreases the proportion of adenocarcinomas vs. adenomas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated CF1 mice. To elucidate the structural specificity of this inhibition, the effects of the other major sphingolipids in milk (glycosphingolipids) were determined. Glucosylceramide (GluCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer) and ganglioside G D3 were fed individually to DMH-treated (six doses of 30 mg/kg body weight) female CF1 mice at 0.025 or 0.1 g/100 g of the diet for 4 wk. All reduced the number of ACF by > 40% (P < 0.001), which is comparable to the reduction by SM in earlier studies. Immunohistochemical analysis of the colons revealed that sphingolipid feeding also reduced proliferation, with the most profound effect (up to 80%; P < 0.001) in the upper half of the crypts. Since the bioactive backbones of the glycosphingolipids (i.e., ceramide and other metabolites) are the likely mediators of these effects, the susceptibility of these complex sphingolipids to digestion in the colon was examined by incubating 500 μg of each sphingolipid with colonic segments from mice and analysis of substrate disappearance and product formation by tandem mass spectrometry. All of the sphingolipids (including SM) disappeared over time with a substantial portion appearing as ceramide. Partially hydrolyzed intermediates (such as GluCer from LacCer or G D3 ) were not detected, which suggests that the cleavage involves colonic (or microflora) endoglycosidases. In , consumption of dairy SM and glycosphingolipids suppresses colonic cell proliferation and ACF formation in DMH-treated mice; hence, many categories of sphingolipids affect these key events in colon carcinogenesis.
Deconstructing the Age-Prevalence Curve of Alcohol Dependence: Why “Maturing Out” is only a Small Piece of the Puzzle

Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that heavy alcohol use and alcohol dependence (AD) tend to increase in adolescence and emerging adulthood and then show a large decline in the late 20s, a phenomenon called maturing out. This decline has been explained as an effect of "role incompatibility" in which involvement in new roles and activities interferes with a heavy drinking lifestyle. However, maturing out has been conceived mostly as a decrease in offset, with little attention paid to reductions in new onset or recurrence across decades of life. Moreover, although role incompatibility processes have been studied with young samples, little is known about the effect of life transitions (e.g., marriage, parenthood, changes in employment status) on AD later in life and whether similar effects are observed. Using longitudinal data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative epidemiologic survey, we examined the patterns of stability and change in AD across the life span and the differential effect of life transitions on AD across different age strata. Results showed that persistence of AD tended to increase with age, although not dramatically, and that onset and recurrence tended to decrease with age. Moreover, the effects of life transitions on the course of AD varied across the life span and were different for men and women. These results indicate that life transitions differentially affect the patterns of stability and change in younger versus older people, have a different impact for men and women, and highlight the need to consider the unique aspects of each stage of adult development on the course of AD.
Investigation and Development of Proposed General Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Correlations for Laminar Flow in a Toroidal Coiled Tube System

In this paper, the laminar flow pressure drop and heat transfer correlations published and applied to plain, coiled tube heat exchanger systems are extensively investigated. It was found that most correlations obtained for toroidal geometric systems have been applied to the analysis of helical and spiral tube systems. While toroidal (and helical) coils have a constant radius of curvature about the coil center-point (and center-line), spiral coils have a continuously varying radius of curvature, in which the flow does not reach a typical fully developed flow condition. The centrifugal forces, arising from the curved flow path, contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer (at the cost of additional pressure drop) over straight tube heat exchangers of the same length. In this paper, using published correlations and available experimental test data for pressure drop and heat transfer in toroidal tube systems, the proposed general correlations are developed by using a filtered-mean multiple regression method. The Coiling Influence Factors for the friction factor and heat transfer, CIFf and CIFh , respectively; defined and used in the authors’ previous works [1,2,3] it was found that the deviations between the proposed and published correlations are within about 3% for friction factor and 5–20% for heat transfer, depending on working fluid. In order to assess the validity of applying the generalized correlations developed in this work for toroidal tube systems, onto other curved tube systems, a numerical analysis of toroidal coil systems, using the commercially available CFD package (Fluent 6) has been explicitly performed. A comparison is made between the CFD result for average heat transfer (CIFh ) with that predicted by the proposed general correlation for toroidal coils and available experimental data. As an extension of this work, a comparison of curved tube over straight tube heat exchanger effectiveness is made to highlight its use as a design optimization parameter and motivation for additional coiled tube heat exchanger research.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Corrections to the Thomas-Fermi model of the atom

Abstract A WKB approximation to the Hartree equations for an atom, taking the 1 r singularity of the potential into account, is developed. This in turn allows us to obtain in a systematic way the Z −1 3 and Z −2 3 corrections to the Thomas-Fermi model of the atom. Such a procedure is used to obtain a finite change density at the nucleus, which agrees well with Hartree-Fock values.
Establishment and characterization of immortalized cell lines from rat parotid glands.

This study reports for the first time the establishment of immortalized cell lines from normal adult rat parotid glands. The freshly prepared cellular clumps obtained from parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated rats were incubated in 0.2% trypsin solution without EDTA. These clumps were transfected with plasmid vectors pSV3neo and pSV5neo by electroporation and calcium phosphate-Co-DNA-precipitation techniques. The untransfected and transfected cellular clumps were plated in precoated dishes containing modified MCDB-153 medium. Epithelial cells grew from the clumps that were attached. All epithelial cells from untransfected culture died within 6 to 8 wk. Two cell lines which were isolated from transfected cultures subsequently grew on regular tissue culture dishes. One of them, which was isolated from pSV5neo transfected cultures, exhibited non-epithelial cell morphology, but at confluency, many cells mature to acinar-like cells containing numerous granules. The other cell line (2RS), which was isolated from pSV3neo transfected culture, contained cells of non-epithelial and epithelial morphology. During the initial phase of the growth, MCDB-153 medium was essential; however, at a later time, RPMI medium was better than MCDB-153 or F12 medium for maintaining morphology and growth of these cells. The immortalized cells grew in RPMI with a doubling time of about 25 h, synthesize T-antigen,α-amylase mRNAs of 1176 and 702 bp, andα-amylase and were non-tumorigenic. These amylase-producing cells can be a useful model to study the mechanisms of regulation of growth and differentiation in these cells.
Generation and Characterization of Mice with Myh9 Deficiency

Mutant alleles of MYH9 encoding a class II non-muscle myosin heavy chain-A (NMMHC-IIA) have been linked to hereditary megathrombocytopenia with or without additional clinical features that include sensorineural deafness, cataracts, and nephritis. To assess its biological role in the affected targets, particularly the inner ear, we have generated and characterized mice with Myh9 deficiency. These mice were generated using the XA136 ES cell line (BayGenomics, http://baygenomics.ucsf.edu/) carrying gene trap insertion in Myh9, within the intron flanking exons 4 and 5. Mice heterozygous for the Myh9 null allele, Myh9 +/- were expanded on C57BL/6J background. Intercross of the Myh9 +/- mice did not yield Myh9 -/- pups, indicating embryonic lethality, subsequently determined to occur at or before E7.5, thus precluding a post-natal analysis of the effects of complete Myh9 deficiency. The heterozygous mice were normal for their hearing, parameters of platelet integrity and renal function despite their Myh9 haplo-insufficiency. In addition, the age-dependent auditory threshold of the Myh9 +/- mice and their wild type littermates, spanning from 3 to 12 months of age, were similar indicating that Myh9 haplo-insufficiency does not contribute towards accelerated age-related hearing loss (AHL). The embryonic lethality associated with the complete Myh9 deficiency establishes a critical role for this non-muscle myosin in fetal development. The results of these studies do not support the Myh9 haploinsufficiency as a pathogenic factor in the etiology of auditory dysfunction.
Superoxide-mediated dehydrohalogenation reactions of the pyrethroid permethrin and other chlorinated pesticides

Abstract Superoxide generated in DMF readily converts the dihalovinyl group of permethrin and related compounds to a haloethynyl moiety and yields major products from elimination reactions of DDT, cis -chlordane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).
Human CD4 + T cells spontaneously detect somatic mutations in cancer cells

CD4+ helper T cells are immune cells that can specifically target cancer cells, but the antigens they recognize on tumor cells are mostly unknown. A new study shows that CD4+ T cells recognize peptides encoded by mutated genes in human melanoma, opening the way for new approaches to cancer immunotherapy.
Development of continuous fermentation using immobilized yeast cells for wine cooler process development

The continuous wine fermentation process, which employs a newly designed tapered column type bioreactor and immobilized yeast cells (Montrachet 522), was studied and its fermentation performance was compared with batch and suspended cell continuous wine fermentation systems.
Z. V. Togan: The origins of the Kazaks and the Özbeks

(1992). Z. V. Togan: The origins of the Kazaks and the Ozbeks. Central Asian Survey: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 83-100.
Victim and Perpetrator Accounts of Interpersonal Transgressions: Self-Serving or Relationship-Serving Biases?

Two studies investigated perpetrator and victim biases in reported transgressions. Study 1 showed that in nonromantic relationships, perpetrators were more likely than victims to emphasize details that minimized their transgressions, whereas victims were more likely to exaggerate the severity of the event. Study 2 examined these perspective-related differences in romantic relationships and their relationship to forgiveness. Although victims were less likely than perpetrators to include features that minimized the event, they were no more likely to include features that magnified the event; individuals in highly satisfying relationships were less likely to exhibit self-serving biases than were individuals in less satisfying relationships. The data also were consistent with a causal sequence in which positive relationship quality led to more benign interpretations of a transgression, which in turn, promoted forgiveness.
Autonomous Trajectory Planning Using Real-Time Information Updates

We present a dynamic optimal control method for autonomous trajectory planning and control of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) using real-time information updates. The objective of the UGV is to traverse from an initial start point and reach its goal in minimum time, with maximum robustness, while avoiding both static and dynamic obstacles. This is achieved by deriving the control solution that carries out the initial planning problem while minimizing a cost and satisfying constraints based on the initial global knowledge of the area. To combat the problem of inaccurate global knowledge and a dynamic invironment, the UGV uses its sensors to map the locally detected change in the environment and continuously updates its global map to re-compute a control solution that can achieve an optimal trajectory to the goal. Simulation results illustrate successful implementation of the method in various scenarios.
High-temperature crystallization behaviour of amorphous Fe80B20

Samples of 0.003 in. round Fe80B20 amorphous wires were annealed in vacuo for 1 sec to 8 h periods at 780° C and the crystallinity induced in these wires from this heat treatment was studied through X-ray diffraction and field-ion microscopy. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that complete crystallinity is produced following 1 sec anneal at 780° C. However, the initial product is a primitive-tetragonal Fe3B phase unlike the body-centred tetragonal Fe3B observed in low-temperature isothermal transformation studies with this alloy. The Fe3B phase is seen to persist in the diffraction patterns for annealing durations of up to 15 min. Upon annealing for periods of up to 1 h, an intermediate three-phase structure consisting of α-Fe, Fe3B, and Fe2B is seen to result with a gradual decrease in the Fe3B phase corresponding to longer annealing durations. Anneals of more than 1 h at 780° C are seen to result in the disappearance of the Fe3B phase producing a two-phase microstructure consisting of α-Fe(b c c) and Fe2B (b c t). Field-ion-microscopy with a pure neon imaging gas at 78 K likewise indicates that existence of a three-stage phase structural change during the isothermal anneals, and the atomic arrangement of the various species are quite readily discernible because of the different symmetries contained in the three distinct phases.
Joint topic-document modeling via low-dimensional sparse models

Topic modeling is a well-known approach for document analysis. In this paper, we propose a new model, and corresponding optimization algorithm for topic modeling. Experimental results on polarity classification demonstrate that the new model provides a more accurate characterization for document corpus, and archived higher classification accuracy compared to Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA).
Low-amplitude electrocardiogram in a patient with atrial fibrillation, direct-current electrical cardioversion, and takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

To the Editor: I read with pleasure the report by Siegfried and colleagues1 about a woman with atrial fibrillation who had an episode of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) immediately after undergoing direct-current electrical cardioversion of her atrial fibrillation. In their discussion, the authors provide a convincing and comprehensive analysis of the incident. I was impressed with the low voltage in the admission electrocardiogram (ECG) and in the one after cardioversion. Transient low-voltage ECG has been described recently in association with TC2; accordingly, I would greatly appreciate information on the patient's ECGs before hospital admission and at follow-up. If these ECGs did not reveal low voltage, then TC was present before the hospital admission as a result of atrial fibrillation, even though the authors did not observe the consequences of TC in the echocardiogram and the release of cardiac troponin I before cardioversion.
Effects of all-milk diet on weight gain, organ development, carcass characteristics and tissue composition, including fatty acids and cholesterol contents, of growing male goats

Effects of two dietary treatments in 16 Alpine buck kids were studied on live weight gain, organ development, carcass characteristics, free fatty acid (FFA) composition, and cholesterol content of adipose and muscle tissues. The control group (CG) was placed on a standard milk and weaning program. Milk was fed ad libitum for 4 weeks and reduced to 50% in week 5, 25% in week 7, and 0% in week 9. A solid feed (15.8% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME/kg DM) was provided ad libitum in week 5 until slaughter at week 20. The milk group (MG) was given only goat milk ad libitum for 20 weeks. Final weight and average daily gain tended to be higher (P>0.05) for CG than MG. Weights of liver, lung, rumen, reticulum, and omasum were lower (P<0.01) and cecum weight was higher (P<0.05) in MG kids. Leg conformation score (P<0.01), overall conformation score (P<0.01) and lean maturity (P<0.05) were higher for CG. Content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)(P<0.01) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids 9P<0.001) were higher in tissues of CG than in those of MG, reflecting higher percentages of oleic and linoleic acids observed in CG tissues. Oleic acid was the most abundant in CG, whereas palmitic acid was the most abundant in MG tissues. Muscle cholesterol was lower (P<0.05) in CG (75.9 mg/100 g) than in MG (101.5 mg/100 g). Goat meat from CG kids contained higher PUFA to SFA ratios.
L-cysteine, a bicarbonate-sensitive endogenous excitotoxin

After systemic administration to immature rodents, L-cysteine destroys neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum, but the underlying mechanism has never been clarified. This neurotoxicity of L-cysteine, in vitro or in vivo, has now been shown to be mediated primarily through the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor (with quisqualate receptor participation at higher concentrations). In addition, the excitotoxic potency of L-cysteine was substantially increased in the presence of physiological concentrations of bicarbonate ion. L-Cysteine is naturally present in the human brain and in the environment, and is much more powerful than beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a bicarbonate-dependent excitotoxin, which has been implicated in an adult neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Guam. Thus, the potential involvement of this common sulfur-containing amino acid in neurodegenerative processes affecting the central nervous system warrants consideration.
What is reversing language shift (RLS) and how can it succeed

Abstract Several societal and social biases have conspired to make the study of language maintenance and language shift more advanced than the study of reversing language shift (RLS). RLS efforts have been confused with messianic (i.e. irrational) and past‐oriented (i.e. nativistic) movements, overlooking their rational, priority setting and modernising dirust. Even diose engaged in the study or practice of RLS, however, have tended to lack theoretical coherence and to be mesmerised by ‘activism’ rather than by the empirical relationship between any particular RLS efforts and die demonstrable intergenerational transmissibility of language‐imbedded behaviours, attitudes and beliefs. Where bilingualism with diglossia is all that can be realistically attained, RLS emphases must concentrate on family‐neighbourhood‐community building boundary‐setting efforts. Where largely monolingual cultural autonomy becomes realistically possible, more inter‐group confrontation RLS efforts should be undertaken, but their li...
The Dynamics of Neighborhood Age Composition

In this paper we investigate the changing demography of neighborhoods. We focus upon the dynamics of the age structure of neighborhoods, paying particular attention to the roles of (a) the magnitude of mobility and (b) the age composition of in-migrants and out-migrants. A model for studying the changing age composition of neighborhoods is developed, and alternative scenarios characterized by the nature of in-movement and out-movement are examined to make statements about the age of householders in neighborhoods. We find that high rates of mobility may serve to bring about a relatively youthful equilibrium age structure quite rapidly, whereas low rates lead to a higher mean age and to damped harmonic fluctuations both in the mean age of householders and in the magnitude of the age heterogeneity of the neighborhood. In addition, we compare the evolutions of age structure in neighborhoods with age patterns of in-movement and out-movement that could typify areas of renters and areas of homeowners.
C-10 epimerization of hydroazulen-7-onesby vinylogus activation

Abstract Incorporation of α-(phenylthio)-α,β-unsaturation into a cycloheptanone ring permits epimerization, without deconjugation, of an otherwise unactivated chiral center at the γ-position.
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal System

This paper presents an experimental study for the development of convective heat transfer correlations for an open loop air-based building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system. The BIPV/T system absorbs solar energy on the top surface, which includes the photovoltaic panels and generates electricity while also heating air drawn by a variable speed fan through a channel formed by the top roof surface with the photovoltaic modules and an insulated attic layer. The BIPV/T system channel has a length/hydraulic diameter ratio of 38, which is representative of a BIPV/T roof system for 30-45 deg tilt angles. Because of the heating asymmetry in the BIPV/T channel, two average Nusselt number correlations are reported as a function of Reynolds number: one for the top heated surface and the other for the bottom surface. For the top heated surface, the Nusselt number is in the range of 6-48 for Reynolds numbers ranging from 250 to 7500. For the bottom insulated surface, the Nusselt number is in the range of 22-68 for Reynolds numbers ranging from 800 to 7060. This paper presents correlations for the average Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number; this correlation is considered adequate for the design of BIPV/T systems where forced convection dominates. Local Nusselt number distributions are also presented for laminar and turbulent flow conditions.
Application of Tactical Satellite Communications on the Modern Battlefield

This paper discusses the decision process which a Commander of a US Army Corps experiences as he allocates his tactical satellite assets in support of his Command, Control, and Communication (C3) system. The paper analyzes the C3 system utilized by VII (US) Corps in the execution of two phases of its General Defense Plan: transition to war and initial combat operations. The role played by tactical satellite (TACSAT) assets in these phases is discussed in detail. The conclusion of this analysis is that tactical satellite equipment provides a reliable and flexible means of communication which plays a critical role in the overall C3 system of the Corps. The flexibility, reliability, and mobility of tactical satellite assets allows the Corps Commander to utilize TACSAT as a combat force multiplier, insuring that he is able to execute command and control over the entire length and breadth of the modern battlefield.
Translating IΔ0 + exp Proofs into Weaker Systems

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between IΔ0 + exp and its weaker subtheories. We give a method of translating certain classes of IΔ0 + exp proofs into weaker systems of arithmetic such as Buss' systems S2. We show if IEi (exp) ⊢ A with a proof P of expind-rank(P) ≤ n + 1where all (∀ ≤: right) or (∃ ≤: left) have bounding terms not containing function symbols, then Si2 ⊇ IEi,2 ⊢ An. Here A is not necessarily a bounded formula. For IOpen(exp) we prove a similar result. Using our translations we show IOpen(exp) ⊊ IΔ0(exp). Here IΔ0(exp) is a conservative extension of IΔ0 + exp obtained by adding to IΔ0 a symbol for 2 x to the language as well as defining axioms for it.
Convective Instabilities in Fully Developed Flows

Abstract : This paper considers the possibility of inducing a convective secondary flow in the fully developed channel flow of a quasi-incompressible (Boussinesq) fluid. Instabilities of this type can only occur when the temperature gradient in the direction of the body force exceeds a certain critical value. This temperature gradient is proportional to the Rayleigh number of the fluid. For channels of arbitrary cross section, the critical Rayleigh number is found to be R sub c > or = 1360 (h/d) to the 4th power where h is the arbitrary channel's maximum dimension in the body force direction and d is the diameter of an equal area circular channel. For two special geometries it is possible to improve the above lower bound estimate to the critical Rayleigh number. In a circular channel R sub c > or = 3450 and in a square channel R sub c > or = 2480.
Novel sulfur-containing rapamycin analogs prepared by precursor-directed biosynthesis.

Two novel sulfur-containing analogs of the immunosuppressive natural product rapamycin (1) were obtained by feeding cultures of Streptomyces hygroscopicus with l-nipecotic acid (4) and either (S)-1,3-thiazane-4-carboxylic acid (5) or (S)-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid (6). The structures of the two new compounds, 20-thiarapamycin (2) and 15-deoxo-19-sulfoxylrapamycin (3), were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Clinical correlations with the human tumor cloning assay.

(1985). Clinical Science Review: Clinical Correlations with the Human Tumor Cloning Assay. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 541-551.
Alteration and remelting of nascent oceanic crust during continental rupture: Evidence from zircon geochemistry of rhyolites and xenoliths from the Salton Trough, California

Abstract Rhyolite lavas and xenoliths from the Salton Sea geothermal field (Southern California) provide insights into crustal compositions and processes during continental rupture and incipient formation of oceanic crust. Salton Buttes rhyolite lavas contain xenoliths that include granophyres, fine-grained altered rhyolites (“felsite”), and amphibole-bearing basalts. Zircon is present in lavas and xenoliths, surprisingly even in the basaltic xenoliths, where it occurs in plagioclase-rich regions interpreted as pockets of crystallized partial melt. Zircons in the xenoliths are exclusively Late Pleistocene–Holocene in age and lack evidence for inheritance. U–Th isochron ages are: 20.5− 1.2+ 1.2 ka (granophyres), 18.3− 3.5+ 3.6 ka (felsite), 30.1− 12.4+ 14.1 ka and 9.2− 6.6+ 7.0 ka (basalts; all errors 1σ). The dominant zircon population in the rhyolite lavas yielded U–Th ages between ∼ 18 and 10 ka, with few pre-Quaternary xenocrysts present. δ18Ozircon values are lower than typical crustal basement values, thus ruling out rhyolite genesis by melting of continental crust. Moreover, δ18Ozircon values are ∼ 0.5–1.0‰ lower than compositions achievable by zircon crystallization from residual melt in equilibrium with unaltered mid-ocean ridge basalt, suggesting that basaltic crust and silicic plutons in the subsurface of the Salton Sea geothermal field isotopically exchanged with meteoric waters. This is evidence for deep-reaching hydrothermal circulation and indicates rhyolite genesis by episodic remelting of altered basalts instead of fractional crystallization of unaltered basaltic magma.
Schistosomiasis: Host-Pathogen Biology

Schistosomes are helminths of the class Trematoda that alternate generations, with a sexual phase in definitive mammalian hosts and an asexual phase in intermediate snail hosts. In humans, these blood flukes reside in the mesenteric and vesical venules. They have a life span of many years and daily produce large numbers of eggs, which must traverse the gut and bladder tissues on their way to the lumens of the excretory organs. Many of the eggs remain in the host tissues, inducing immunologically mediated granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Heavy worm burdens may produce hepatosplenic disease in schistosomiasis mansoni and japonica and urinary tract disease in schistosomiasis haematobia. Since both the schistosomes and the eggs utilize host metabolites, and since the host responses to the parasite are affected by its nutritional status, malnutrition may strongly affect both the parasite and the complex host-parasite relationship.
Role of mitochondria in multiple sclerosis

This review presents inherited and acquired forms of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oligodendrocytopathy and neurodegeneration in order to better understand the degenerative features of inflammatory demyelination. The recognition that various mitochondrial mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis leads to therapeutic considerations, re-emphasizing the importance of early neuroprotection in combination with the approved means of immune modulation.
A Characterization of Clique Graphs.

Abstract In a recent paper [3], Hamelink obtains an interesting sufficient condition for a graph to be a clique graph. In this paper, we give related conditions which are necessary as well as sufficient. As an application of our result we show that Hamelink's condition is also necessary in certain special cases and that here it can be greatly simplified. As another application, we derive certain theorems useful in practice in reducing the question of whether a given graph is a clique graph to whether certain smaller or simpler graphs are.