cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience‐based setting management: Implications for market segmentation of hunters

Experience‐based setting management seeks to provide rewarding psychological experiences to recreation participants by managing the physical environments in which recreation occurs. This approach has value to private landowners who provide outdoor recreation opportunities, because it improves their ability to target and attract specific segments of the hunting population. In this study, 4 market segments of hunter were identified: outdoor enthusiasts, high‐challenge harvesters, low‐challenge harvesters, and nonharvesters. They differed significantly in the setting characteristics (accessibility, amount of regimentation, use density, presence of nonrecreational uses, and degree of site management) that enhanced their hunting enjoyment. Such differences may help agencies justify development of different service and marketing strategies to respond to client needs and preferences.
Robust Optimization Strategies for Adaptive Filters Operating with Fixed and Transient Hardware Errors

Adaptive digital filters can be designed with hardware redundancy to achieve robust performance through a mechanism called adaptive fault tolerance (AFT). Results presented in this paper shown that due to the decorrelating properties of a transform AF structure transient errors dissipate much more quickly in transform domain AFT structures than in time domain structures. It is then shown that population based stochastic optimization algorithms (e.g.. the constrained random search algorithm) are capable of overcoming degraded performance caused by ill-conditioning in many different types of AFT filter structures
Effects of Infant Simulators on Urban, Minority, Middle School Students:

An experiential approach to preventing teen pregnancy, “Baby Think It Over” is a popular option in schools. The current study used an experimental design and a 1-year longitudinal follow-up with 93 experimental group and 92 control group male and female, primarily African American and Mexican American, low–socioeconomic status students from two middle schools in a large, urban district in the Midwest (mean age = 13.24 years, range = 12-15 years). The program was evaluated for a wide array of outcomes, including sexual behavior, contraceptive use, realism about parenting responsibilities, personal intentions to avoid teenage pregnancy, self-efficacy to avoid sexual risk taking and pregnancy, sexual attitudes, plans for pregnancy, and actual pregnancy rates. The program successfully increased the Baby Think It Over group’s sense of realism regarding lack of readiness to be a teenage parent, although no behaviors were changed. Differences emerged by demographic subgroup. All results are discussed in light of...
The Beneficial Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade in Marfan Syndrome Patients after Aortic Root Replacement

PURPOSE In this study, we evaluated the long term beneficial effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade therapy in treatment of Marfan aortopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients who underwent aortic root replacement (ARR) between January 1996 and January 2011. All patients were prescribed β-blockers indefinitely. We compared major aortic events including mortality, aortic dissection, and reoperation in patients without RAAS blockade (group 1, n=27) to those with (group 2, n=63). The aortic growth rate was calculated by dividing the diameter change on CT scans taken immediately post-operatively and the latest scan available. RESULTS There were no differences in clinical parameters except for age which was higher in patients with RAAS blockade. In group 1, 2 (7%) deaths, 5 (19%) aortic dissections, and 7 (26%) reoperations occurred. In group 2, 3 (5%) deaths, 2 (3%) aortic dissections, and 3 (5%) reoperations occurred. A Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated improved survival free from major aortic events in group 2. On multivariate Cox, RAAS blockade was an independent negative predictor of major aortic events (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.43, p=0.002). Mean diameter change in descending thoracic and supra-renal abdominal aorta was significantly higher in patients without RAAS blockade (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In MFS patients who underwent ARR, the addition of RAAS blockade to β-blocker was associated with reduction of aortic dilatation and clinical events.
The Role of FEIBA in Reversing Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background Activated prothrombin complex concentrates factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) has been recommended for reversing novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), though few clinical studies report its use.
Wavefront Reconstruction Applied to Matched Field Processing in Variable, Multimode Waveguides

Signals in multimode waveguides such as the SOFAR channel are dispersed and distorted during propagation. Holographic processing techniques that use a reference source can unravel these signals. Processing reconstructs an image of the wavefront in the vicinity of the signal source without explicit knowledge of the sound speed structure. We use this image, as constructed across the axis of the oceanic waveguide, in a source localization scheme that is closely related to matched field processing. The main advantage of this procedure is that it is independent of the variability in the sound speed structure between the source (reference and target) region and the receiving array. We show localization results for modeled and measured range-dependent sound speed profiles.
Dexamethasone potentiates IGF-I actions in porcine granulosa cells

To understand better interactions between glucocorticoids and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the ovary, we studied the effects of dexamethasone on IGF-I stimulation of P-450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P-450scc) mRNA concentrations in porcine granulosa cells. Dexamethasone potentiated IGF-I-stimulated P-450scc mRNA concentrations and progesterone production in granulosa cell cultures. Time-course and dose-response studies showed that maximal enhancement occurred at a 1-microM dexamethasone concentration after 48 h of treatment. This potentiation was prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486, 17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-[-4-dimethyl-aminophenyl]estra-4,9,-dien-3-one (RU-486). We investigated mechanisms for this potentiation by performing IGF-I binding studies in porcine granulosa cells. Dexamethasone increased IGF-I binding, and Scatchard analysis showed this enhanced binding was caused by an increase in receptor concentration. Northern blot hybridization using a rat type I IGF-I receptor gene riboprobe showed that although dexamethasone alone did not increase IGF-I receptor mRNA concentrations, it did prevent a decrease in receptor mRNA concentrations caused by IGF-I. In addition, we used synthetic primers from conserved regions of the rat type I IGF-I receptor gene with total RNA from porcine granulosa cells and polymerase chain reaction to isolate a 615-base pair porcine type I IGF-I receptor cDNA clone. Ribonuclease protection assay results were similar to those found with the rat IGF-I receptor riboprobe. We conclude that dexamethasone potentiates IGF-I actions on steroidogenesis in the porcine ovary.
The Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Development of the Frog Visual System

Recent work has demonstrated an involvement of the NMDA receptor, a type of glutamate-sensitive receptor, in organizing the developing visual systems of frogs, fish and kittens (Cline et al, 1987; Kleinschmidt et al, 1987; Fox and Fraser, 1987; Tsumoto et al, 1987; Scherer and Udin, 1988; Schmidt, 1988; Cline and Constantine-Paton, 1989; Fox et al, 1989). It is thought that the NMDA receptor activation may be an initial cellular event in the experience-dependent phases of visual development, which include the formation of both topographic maps and ocular dominance columns. In this chapter, we will review our electrophysiological and anatomical data which demonstrate that NMDA receptor activation is crucial for the development of the retinotectal projection of the frog Rana pipiens and we will end with a discussion of the influence of the NMDA receptor in neuronal growth.
Oral Contraceptives and Multiple Sclerosis/Clinically Isolated Syndrome Susceptibility.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is rising in women. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are associated with MS risk and whether this varies by progestin content. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of females ages 14-48 years with incident MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) 2008-2011 from the membership of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Controls were matched on age race/ethnicity and membership characteristics. COC use up to ten years prior to symptom onset was obtained from the complete electronic health record. RESULTS: We identified 400 women with incident MS/CIS and 3904 matched controls. Forty- percent of cases and 32% of controls had used COCs prior to symptom onset. The use of COCs was associated with a slightly increased risk of MS/CIS (adjusted OR = 1.52 95%CI = 1.21-1.91; p<0.001). This risk did not vary by duration of COC use. The association varied by progestin content being more pronounced for levenorgestrol (adjusted OR = 1.75 95%CI = 1.29-2.37; p<0.001) than norethindrone (adjusted OR = 1.57 95%CI = 1.16-2.12; p = 0.003) and absent for the newest progestin drospirenone (p = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings should be interpreted cautiously. While the use of some combination oral contraceptives may contribute to the rising incidence of MS in women an unmeasured confounder associated with the modern womans lifestyle is a more likely explanation for this weak association.
The p53 activation and apoptosis induced by DNA damage are reversibly inhibited by salicylate.

The p53 activation and apoptosis induced by DNA damage are reversibly inhibited by salicylate
Producing ripple topographies by ion bombardment with codeposition of impurities: A curvature-dependent sputter yield is not required

We show that if impurities are deposited obliquely on a solid surface during normalor near-normal-incidence ion bombardment, a previously unconsidered surface instability can produce surface ripples. The concentration of the atomic species with the lower sputter yield is greater at the crests of these ripples than at their troughs. The instability can set in even if the curvature dependence of the sputter yields is negligible and the two atomic species are completely miscible.
Managing a child's first convulsion.

Of events that can befall a child, few disturb parents more than does a seizure. It is not only a frightening experience but also may signal the presence of epilepsy or deep-seated disease. The physician, by promptly diagnosing the type of seizure, prescribing appropriate drug therapy, and explaining that the prognosis is optimistic for most children after a single seizure, can do much to ease the parents' fears.
Value of ultrasound guidance in placement of hemodialysis access catheters in patients with end-stage renal disease.

The increasingly frequent use of ultrasound for the placement of central venous catheters has shown improved results. This study examined the role of ultrasound in the placement of hemodialysis access catheters in patients with end-stage renal disease. The subjects were all end-stage renal disease patients admitted to our hospital between January 2004 and April 2005 and who underwent ultrasound-guided placement of a hemodialysis catheter in a central vein. All patients underwent perioperative ultrasound assessment of the venous access site, followed by fluoro-scopic confirmation of the catheter placement. Data from medical charts and the hospital computer system were subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 126 patients underwent ultrasound-guided placement of a hemodialysis catheter in a central vein; 58 had undergone prior placement of a central vein catheter, but 69 had not. Patients in the later group had a 100 per cent success rate in catheter placement after ultrasound assessment of one central vein. Among patients who had previously undergone central vein catheterization, 29 had jugular venous occlusion, 12 had bilateral jugular venous occlusion and thus required placement of femoral venous catheters and, 15 patients had jugular vein stenosis and 2 patients had the jugular vein thrombosed. The use of ultrasound to assess the central veins facilitated the identification of vein suitable for catheterization and the avoidance of occluded central veins. This protocol is effective and improves patient safety.
STAT5A and STAT5B have opposite correlations with drug response gene expression.

Abstract Introduction STAT5A and STAT5B are important transcription factors that play a key role in regulation of several important physiological processes including proliferation, survival, mediation of responses to cytokines and in regulating gender differences in drug response genes such as the hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) that are responsible for a large majority of drug metabolism reactions in the human body. STAT5A and STAT5b have a high degree of sequence homology and have been reported to have largely similar functions. Recent studies have, however, indicated that they can also often have distinct and unique roles in regulating gene expression. Objective In this study, we evaluated the association of STAT5A and STAT5B mRNA expression levels with those of several key hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and hepatic transcription factors (TFs) and evaluated the potential roles of STAT5A and 5b in mediating gender differences in these CYPs and TFs. Methods Expression profiling for major hepatic CYP isoforms and transcription factors was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in 102 human liver samples (57 female, 45 male). Real time PCR gene expression data for selected CYPs and TFs was available on a subset of 50 human liver samples (25 female, 25 male) and was used to validate the RNA-seq findings. Results While STAT5A demonstrated significant negative correlation with expression levels of multiple hepatic transcription factors (including NR1I2 and HNF4A) and DMEs such as CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, STAT5B expression was observed to demonstrate positive associations with several CYPs and TFs analyzed. As STAT5A and STAT5B have been shown to be important in regulation of gender differences in CYPs, we also analyzed STAT5A and 5b associations with CYPs and TFs separately in males and females and observed gender dependent differential associations of STATs with several CYPs and TFs. Results from the real time PCR validation largely supported our RNA-seq findings. Conclusions Using both RNA sequencing and real time PCR, we examined the association of STAT5A and STAT5B mRNA expression with CYP and TF gene expression. While STAT5A demonstrated significant negative correlations with expression levels of multiple hepatic TFs (including NR1I2 and HNF4α) and CYPs (eg. CYP3A4, CYP2C19), STAT5B expression was observed to demonstrate positive association with most of the CYPs/TFs analyzed suggesting that STAT5A and STAT5b have potentially different and distinct roles in regulating expression of hepatic drug response genes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential roles of STAT5A and 5b in regulation of CYPs/TFs and the potential implications of these findings.
Allogeneic Alternatives to Autologous Bone Marrow: The MSC Clinical Trials of Acute MI with MSCs

The regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undergoing active investigation as a therapeutic principle for cardiovascular disease. Initial studies using autologous cells provide a solid foundation for the field. Given the immunoprivileged properties of these cells, Phase I and II clinical trials for ischemic cardiomyopathy have shown that allogeneic cell therapy is equally safe and effective. The concerns that allogeneic cells would produce neoplasia, immune responses, or episodes of arrhythmia have not been borne out. Currently, a variety of MSC preparations are undergoing Phase III trials. Several mechanistic studies show that MSCs decrease myocardial scar tissue and enhances left ventricular function. Together this body of work suggests that this approach is a novel, cost-effective, off-the-shelf therapy that may improve cardiac performance and quality of life in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiovascular pathologies.
DNS assisted modeling of bubbly flows in vertical channels

AbstractThe transient motion of bubbly flows in vertical channels is studied, using direct numerical simulation (DNS) in which every continuum length and time scale is resolved. A simulation of a large number of bubbles of different sizes at a friction Reynolds number of 500 shows that small bubbles quickly migrate to the wall, but the bulk flow takes much longer to adjust to the new bubble distribution. Simulations of much smaller laminar systems with several spherical bubbles have been used to examine the full transient motion; those show a nonmonotonic evolution where all the bubbles first move toward the walls, and the liquid then slowly slows down, eventually allowing some bubbles to return to the center of the channel. Unlike the statistically steady state, where the flow structure is relatively simple and in some cases depends only on the sign of the bubble lift coefficient, the transient evolution is more sensitive to the governing parameters. Early efforts to use DNS results to provide values for...
As Seen on TV: How the Pitch Depicts the Advertising Creative Process:

This study examines the depiction of the creative process in AMC's The Pitch. Using textual analysis, three themes emerged: 1) competition is necessary to succeed in advertising; 2) creative ideas ...
A Lamina-Emergent Frustum Using a Bistable Collapsible Compliant Mechanism (BCCM)

This paper presents a new Bistable Collapsible Compliant Mechanism (BCCM) that is utilized in a Lamina-Emergent Frustum. The mechanism is based on transforming a polygon spiral into spatial frustum shape using a mechanism composed of compliant links and joints that exhibits bistable behavior. A number of mechanism types (graphs) were considered to implement the shape-morphing spiral, including 4-bar, 6-bar, and 8-bar chains. Our design requirements permitted the selection of a particular 8-bar chain as the basis for the BCCM. Bistable behavior was added to the mechanism by introducing a compliant link that functions as a compression spring as the mechanism morphs. Parametric CAD was used to perform the dimensional synthesis. The design was successfully prototyped.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The Use of Concept Maps to Assess Preservice Teacher Understanding: A Formative Approach in Mathematics Education:

The research reported in this article explored the methods by which concept maps served as formative assessment by capturing changes in the ways preservice mathematics teachers represented their un...
Impact of PSP Technique on Clinical Outcomes Following Bioresorbable Scaffolds Implantation

Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were introduced in clinical practice to overcome the long-term limitations of newer-generation drug-eluting stents. Despite some initial promising results of the Absorb BRS, safety concerns have led to the discontinuation of the commercialization of this device. Several retrospective studies have assessed the impact of the so-called Pre-dilation, Sizing and Post-dilation (PSP) technique concluding that an optimal PSP technique can improve clinical outcomes following BRS implantation. In this article, the definition of the PSP technique, and the current evidence of its impact on clinical outcomes are put in perspective. Additionality, the relationship between the PSP technique and the dual-antiplatelet therapy to prevent scaffold thrombosis is addressed. Finally, the future perspectives of BRS technology in clinical practice are commented.
Social problem solving, mood, and suicidality among inpatient adolescents

Relationships between social problem solving, mood, and suicidality were examined in a sample of 105 adolescent psychiatric inpatients (ages 12–18). Youth were administered the Social Problem-Solving Inventory—Revised (T. D'Zurilla & A. Maydeu-Olivares, 1995) as well as standardized self-report and interview measures of dysphoria, hopelessness, anxiety, and suicidality. Results indicated that a negative problem orientation as well as an avoidant or impulsive problem-solving style were associated with less favorable scores on all of the latter measures, including greater reported suicidality. By contrast, associations were not observed between utilization of rational problem-solving skills and measures of either mood or suicidality. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the relationships found between the former measures of social problem solving and suicidality were mediated by more direct associations of less-effective social problem solving with both dysphoria/state-depression and hopelessness.
Connections Between Turbulence and Jet Morphology

Radio jet morphologies may be caused by large-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities. If high-speed, pressure-confined fluid beams lie at the core of these jets, they are susceptible to KH modes, as studied by a number of authors.1–5 The “wiggles” seen, for example, in 3C449, NGC 6251, M87 and Cen A, may arise from helical instabilities. 3–4 “Knots” may be radial oscillations (not necessarily unstable) forming sausage-like regions of compression, as in NGC 315, M87, Cen A etc. There seems no reason why such macroscopic modes should not appear. The smaller scale waves, however, cannot be easily resolved by radio astronomy, and can have profound effects, such as particle reacceleration. It would be rather more satisfying if there were observable large-scale implications of the microturbulence.
Functional Attributes of Mediational Imagery: A Developmental View toward Habilitation of Retarded Adults

Mental imagery can play a significant role when teaching activities of daily living to retarded adults. The technique of combining imagery instructions with pictures is discussed with an emphasis on those features which facilitate memory and acquisition of the skill being taught. The theoretical underpinning which accounts for the effectiveness of the technique draws from the work of A. Paivio, Z. Pylyshyn, G. Bower, K. Nelson and J. Piaget. Experiments carried out by the authors show the developmental and facilitative nature of the technique. Proposed topics for research are discussed.
Strange indexes indeed: the wit of Francis Wheen as author–indexer

Paula Clarke Bain reviews the indexes to How mumbo-jumbo conquered the world and Strange days indeed and gains a welcome insight from Francis Wheen into his experiences as an author–indexer.
Retrospective memories of parental care and health from mid- to late life.

Objective Perceptions of early caregiving experiences are hypothesized to be influential across the life span. However, previous research testing this hypothesis focuses primarily on young adults and use mostly cross-sectional designs. The current study examined associations between memories of early caregiving experiences and trajectories of depressive symptoms and physical health in 2 large samples of middle-aged and older adults. Method Sample 1 consisted of participants from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (n = 7,108) followed for 18 years (from 1995/1996 until 2013/2014). Sample 2 consisted of participants from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 15,234) followed over a 6-year period. Memories of caregiver support before age 18 were retrospectively assessed in middle and older adulthood; associations between these memories and changes in self-rated health, chronic health conditions, and depressive symptoms over time were examined. Results Memories of higher parental affection in early childhood were associated with better self-rated health and lower depressive symptoms over intervals of approximately 6 and 18 years, in both samples; the results for chronic health conditions was more mixed. These associations persisted over time and were not moderated by time. Conclusion Associations between perceptions of caregiver support and health persisted over time, underscoring the importance of memories of close relationships for health and depressive symptoms across the life span, even into late life. Findings are discussed in relation to models that link perceptions of early life experiences to later life outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome.

Abstract The clinical manifestation of drug-induced abnormalities in thermoregulation occurs across a variety of drug mechanisms. The aim of this chapter is to review two of the most common drug-induced hyperthermic states, serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies will be discussed, in addition to differentiating between these two syndromes and differentiating them from other hyperthermic or febrile syndromes. Our goal is to both review the current literature and to provide a practical guide to identification and treatment of these potentially life-threatening illnesses. The diagnostic and treatment recommendations made by us, and by other authors, are likely to change with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these syndromes.
Knowing solutions to differential equations with rate of change as a function: Waypoints in the journey

Abstract In this paper we illustrate five qualitatively different ways in which students might reason with rate of change as a conceptual tool in order to graphically determine solutions to first order autonomous differential equations. These five different ways of reasoning about rate of change offer an empirically-grounded theoretical account of the waypoints through which student reasoning may progress in increasingly sophisticated ways. The term waypoint comes from the literature on learning progressions, which seeks to identify conceptual landmarks that differentiate ways of reasoning that students are likely to use as they engage in mathematical tasks and solve problems. For each waypoint we give an illustrative example, the associated task and goal, typical inscriptions that students use as a source for reasoning about rate of change, and typical target inscriptions that students use to depict solutions. The paper concludes with implications for research and curriculum development.
Family matters: Variation in the physiology of brooded Porites astreoides larvae is driven by parent colony effects

Abstract The planktonic larval phase of scleractinian coral life-history represents a crucial stage when dispersal takes place and genetic diversity among populations is maintained. Understanding the dynamics influencing larval survival is especially relevant in the context of climate change, as larvae may be more vulnerable to environmental disturbances than adults. Several physiological parameters of coral larvae have been shown to vary by release time and past environmental history. However, the contribution of parental or genetic effects is largely unknown. To investigate these potential familial effects, we collected adult Porites astreoides colonies in April 2018 from two reef zones in the lower Florida Keys and quantified physiological traits and thermal tolerance of the newly released larvae. Family accounted for more variation than day of release and reef origin, with >60% of the variation in chlorophyll a and protein content explained by family. The survivorship of larvae under 36 °C acute temperature stress was also tightly linked to what parent colony they were released from. During a 32 °C moderate temperature stress experiment, inshore larvae tended to bleach less than offshore larvae, mirroring the enhanced bleaching resistance previously observed in inshore adult coral populations. The significant familial effects identified in the present study suggest that researchers should be cautious when interpreting results of studies which pool larvae among families, and that future studies should take care to account for this variation.
Exploring cannabis and alcohol co-use in adolescents: a narrative review of the evidence

Objective: Amidst the evolving policy surrounding cannabis legalization in the United States, cannabis use is becoming increasingly prevalent as perceptions of harm decrease, particularly among ado...
Methods of Tracking Newborns: New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry, 2015-2017.

Objectives. To describe methods employed to track infants enrolled in the New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (NYSZPIR) and demonstrate the benefits of population databases to improve...
Urbanisation and state formation in the ancient Sahara and beyond: edited by Martin Sterry and David J. Mattingly. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, £135/$175 (hardback), 764 pp., ISBN 9781108494441. Also available as an eBook ($140), ISBN 9781108787178.

Africa has emerged in the past few decades as fertile terrain for rethinking the origins of the city and the rise of social complexity. For much of the twentieth century, archaeologists interested ...
Perceived stress linking psychosocial factors and depressive symptoms in low-income mothers.

Little is known about associations between perceived stress, psychosocial factors (social support, emotional coping, coping self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation), and depressive symptoms in low-income overweight or obese mothers of young children. Using baseline data of a lifestyle intervention study, this secondary analysis investigates whether perceived stress might mediate the associations between the psychosocial factors and depressive symptoms. Convenience sampling was applied. Low-income overweight or obese mothers of young children were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Michigan, US. Survey data were collected through phone interviews. Participants (N = 740) responded to valid surveys measuring perceived stress, social support, emotional coping, coping self-efficacy, autonomous motivation, and depressive symptoms. Composite indicator structural equation modeling was performed to test for potential mediation. When investigating the potential role of perceived stress as a mediator, the indirect effects of social support (b = − 2.10, p < 0.01), emotion coping (b = − 3.81, p < 0.05), and coping self-efficacy (b = − 7.53, p < 0.01) on depressive symptoms through perceived stress were significant, but the indirect effect of autonomous motivation was not. Future intervention studies aiming to alleviate depressive symptoms in low-income overweight or obese mothers of young children might consider including practical strategies to promote social support, emotional coping, and coping self-efficacy to reduce perceived stress, which might potentially decrease depressive symptoms. Clinical Trials NCT01839708 ; registered February 28, 2013.
Hearing loss in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), describe frequency-specific hearing threshold changes in this patient population as co...
Middle Grounds: Art and Pluralism

From the inventions of Leonardo Da Vinci, the tintype photographs of Dorothea Lange, Salvador Dali’s collaborations with filmmakers and animators (including Walt Disney), to MacArthur Fellow Trevor Paglen’s recent escapades with artificial intelligence, artists are often among the first groups of people to bring new technology into the public spotlight. The first thing created with a new technology is often seen through the lens of art, simply because of the novelty. As the technology diffuses into the culture, the content of the work made with it and the context the work is presented in drive the artistic value over the groundbreaking novelty of the format. For example, the pioneering video artist Nam June Paik created the first video art by simply getting his hands on a Sony Portapack in the mid sixties and recording the first thing he encountered (Meigh-Andrews: A history of video art. Bloomsbury, New York, pp 17–19, 2006). The stranglehold on TV content production, controlled by huge corporations within the context of a one-to-many medium, was broken. However, once they became generally available the content captured & produced by camcorders became more important and the form alone could no longer be enough to justify the result as artwork. Art can create contexts for engaging with technology without the pressure of using it for practical means and thus allows technology to be seen from totally new angles, to be imagined in different contexts, and to be questioned from new aesthetic and ethical points of view. We, the artist duo Caitlin & Misha, aim to use technology as a means of creating unique shared experiences and to harness it as a tool for engaging people in deep thinking and feeling about the current trajectory of our culture.
The effect of rotary instrumentation on dentin thickness in the danger zone of the MB2 canal of maxillary first molars.

The aim of this study was to measure the initial and remaining dentin thickness in the danger zone of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal of maxillary first molars after rotary instrumentation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. After determining initial dentin thickness, each sample was subjected to a standardized protocol of rotary instrumentation files: ProTaper Gold Sx Orifice Opener (maximum depth of 7 mm); Vortex Blue 15.04, 20.04, 25.04, ProTaper Gold S1, S2, F1, F2, and finally Vortex Blue 30.06. Subsequent CBCT measurements were made to compare changes in remaining dentin thickness in comparison to initial presentation. Preoperative dentin thickness in the danger zone had a mean of 0.82 ± 0.17mm. Significant levels of dentin removal in the danger zone were noted after all instrumentation groups when compared to the pre-instrumentation mean (Sx P < 0.001, 25.04 P < 0.0006, F2 P < 0.0001, 30.06 P < 0.0001). It was concluded that a thin area of dentin exists along the distal wall of the MB2 (danger zone) from the furcation to 4 mm apically.
Long-term outcomes after surgical or nonsurgical initial therapy for patients with T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: A 3-decade survey

BACKGROUND To evaluate long-term disease control, survival, and functional outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical initial treatment for T4 larynx cancer.
Binding and kinetic studies of liver alcohol dehydrogenase-coenzyme-pyrazole complexes.

Complexes of liver alcohol dehydrogenase with pyrazole and NAD+, NHD+, or AcPyAD+ were studied by spectral, kinetic, and equilibrium binding techniques. Difference spectra showed the same peak, 290 mµ, for ternary complex with NAD+ or NHD+ as coenzyme but with AcPyAD+ as coenzyme the peak appeared at 308 mµ. The dissociation constants of coenzyme from the ternary complex were much higher for the two analogues than for NAD+. Stopped flow studies showed that for NHD+ the higher dissociation constant was due to a decreased "on" velocity of the coenzyme but for AcPyAD+ it was due to a higher "off" velocity than NAD+. The dissociation constants of pyrazole from the ternary complexes were the same for complexes with NAD+ and NHD+ but 8-fold higher for complex containing AcPyAD+. This was due to a much slower pyrazole "on" velocity. The results of this study indicate that pyrazole interacts with the nicotinamide ring of NAD+ in the ternary complex. The nature of this interaction is discussed.
Methamphetamine alters vesicular monoamine transporter-2 function and potassium-stimulated dopamine release.

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 325–332. Abstract This report demonstrates that a repeated ‘challenge’ high-dose methamphetamine (METH) injection regimen rapidly decreases striatal K+-stimulated dopamine (DA) release concurrent with decreases in both synaptosomal membrane-associated (referred to herein as membrane-associated) and previously reported decreases in non-synaptosomal membrane-associated (presumably cytoplasmic) vesicular DA uptake and content. Resembling previously reported effects involving cytoplasmic vesicles wherein uptake was decreased 48 h after treatment, the decrease in membrane-associated uptake persisted 72 h. Cytoplasmic and membrane-associated vesicular DA uptakes were decreased 7 days after the challenge regimen. A single METH injection also rapidly decreased K+-stimulated DA release, membrane-associated DA content, and membrane-associated DA uptake; however, unlike after the challenge regimen, the decrease in uptake recovered by 24 h. Pre-treatment with the D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride, did not attenuate the decrease in membrane-associated uptake as assessed 1 h after either a single or challenge treatment. However, eticlopride attenuated the decrease in membrane-associated uptake caused by the challenge regimen as assessed 24 h later. These data reveal complex effects of METH on vesicular function that vary according to the vesicle population under study, dosing regimen, and time after treatment. These may contribute to both the decrease in K+-stimulated DA release and the persistent dopaminergic deficits caused by METH.
A short history of writing instruction : from ancient Greece to contemporary America

Ways to Read This Book: An Introduction, James J. Murphy Ancient Greek Writing Instruction and Its Oral Antecedents, Richard Leo Enos Roman Writing Instruction as Described by Quintilian, James J. Murphy Writing Instruction from Late Antiquity to the Twelfth Century, Carol Dana Lanham Writing Instruction in Late Medieval Europe, Martin Camargo and Marjorie Curry Woods Reading, Writing, and Rhetoric in the Renaissance, Don Paul Abbott Writing Instruction in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Great Britain: Continuity and Change, Transitions and Shifts, Linda Ferreira-Buckley From Rhetoric to Rhetorics: An Interim Report on the History of American Writing Instruction to 1900, Suzanne Bordelon, Elizabethada A. Wright, and S. Michael Halloran Writing Instruction in School and College English: The Twentieth Century and the New Millennium, David Gold, Catherine L. Hobbs, and James A. Berlin Not a Conclusion, But an Epilogue, James J. Murphy Glossary of Key Terms in the History of Writing Instruction The Next Step in Your Research: A Bibliography for Further Study
Discrepancies Between Student and Institutional Religious Worldviews

AbstractStudents whose religious/spiritual views are incongruent with the theological mission advanced by a university face numerous challenges. A sample of 977 undergraduate students at an evangelical institution was categorized as congruent or incongruent with the theological mission. Both groups were compared to 120 students enrolled at an institution with an explicitly inclusive mission statement. Religious pressure differed among the groups. Incongruent students were also less certain about the truth of religious teachings and slightly more open to valuing other religions than their congruent counterparts. Religious university students reported higher levels of meaning than inclusive students. Implications for both religious and secular universities are provided.
Adrenergic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle

The sections in this article are: 1 Morphology of Adrenergic Innervation 2 Adrenergic Transmission: Presynaptic and Synaptic Events 2.1 Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, and Release 2.2 Mode of Transmitter Release 2.3 Feedback Control of Transmitter Release 2.4 Transmitter Distribution and Movement 2.5 Transmitter Concentrations During Neural Activity 2.6 Transmitter Disposition and Termination of Its Effect 3 Adrenergic Transmission: Postsynaptic Events 3.1 Receptor Analysis and Variation 3.2 Bimodal Transmitter Action 3.3 Contractile Properties of Endothelium 4 Functional Consequences of Variation in Vascular Neuroeffector Apparatus 4.1 Synaptic Cleft Width 4.2 Innervation Density 4.3 Innervation Distribution 5 Functional Description of Specific Vessels 6 Adrenergic Neuron in Hypertension 6.1 Changes in Presynaptic Mechanisms 6.2 Neurogenic Transmission and Postsynaptic Function 6.3 Distribution of Adrenergic Transmitter in Hypertensive Arteries 6.4 Plasma Norepinephrine and Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Levels 6.5 Interpretation of Changes in Adrenergic Mechanisms 7 Development of Adrenergic Control: Trophic Regulation 7.1 Ontogenetic Development of Innervation of Blood Vessels 7.2 Specificity of Adrenergic Innervation of Blood Vessels 7.3 Smooth Muscle Specificity for Nerve 7.4 Interactions of Nerve and Smooth Muscle 7.5 Influence of Adrenergic Nerves on Smooth Muscle 7.6 Influence of Smooth Muscle on Adrenergic Nerves 7.7 Factors Influencing Development and Maturation of Peripheral Sympathetic Nerve Terminals 7.8 Regulation of Sympathetic Function in Adults 7.9 Morphological and Functional Plasticity of Adrenergic Neurons
MELD-XI Score Predicts Early Mortality in Patients After Heart Transplantation

Background The aim of this study was to determine the utility of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding INR (MELD-XI) in predicting early outcomes (30 days and 1 year) and late outcomes (5 years) in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) undergoing OHT from 2000 to 2012. A MELD-XI was calculated and the population stratified into score quartiles. Early and late survivals were compared among the MELD-XI cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to determine the capacity of MELD-XI (when modeled both as a categoric and a continuous variable) to predict 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality. Conditional models were also designed to determine the effect of early mortality on long-term survival. Results A total of 22,597 patients were included for analysis. The MELD-XI cutoff scores were established as follows: low (≤10.5), low-intermediate (10.6 to 12.6), intermediate-high (12.7 to 16.4), and high (>16.4). The high MELD-XI cohort experienced statistically worse 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year unconditional survivals when compared with patients with low scores ( p p Conclusions This is the first known study to examine the relationship between a high MELD-XI score and outcomes in patients after OHT. Patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction before OHT should be closely monitored and aggressively optimized as early mortality appears to drive long-term outcomes.
Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Allylboration of Aldehydes

The catalytic enantioselective allylation of aldehydes is a long-standing problem of considerable interest to the chemical community. We disclose a new high-yielding and highly enantioselective chiral Bronsted acid-catalyzed allylboration of aldehydes. The reaction is shown to be highly general, with a broad substrate scope that covers aryl, heteroaryl, α,β-unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes. The reaction conditions are also shown to be effective for the catalytic enantioselective crotylation of aldehydes. We believe that the high reactivity of the allylboronate is due to protonation of the boronate oxygen by the chiral phosphoric acid catalyst.
Efficient runner networks for investment castings

We present a computational method that finds an efficient runner network for an investment casting, once the gate locations have been established. The method seeks to minimize a cost function that is based on total network volume. The runner segments are restricted to lie in the space not occupied by the part itself. The collection of algorithms has been coded in C and runner designs have been computed for several real parts, demonstrating substantial reductions in rigging volume.
Using Older Adults' Life Review in Marriage Preparation: Report from a Pilot Project

Abstract This article examines how four guidelines for sharing reminiscences with kin soon to be married enhanced the self-understanding of older adults while helping kin to recognize patterns they are bringing into the marriage. The first guideline is to tape record or videotape the meeting with kin. The second is that the kin be physically present to question and elaborate upon the reviewers' memories. The third is that the reviewers avoid discussions about relationships involving generations younger than their own. The final guideline is that the reviewers have facilitators reconvene the original groups to hear their accounts of the meeting with the younger kin. The reviewers share what occurred; the members note the differences between reviewers' current and original interpretations of their reminiscences; the reviewers then take from the meeting the cumulative insights from both their memories and the feedback of their group.
The Diazosafranin Method; Control of Nitrite Concentration and Refinements in Specificity

Safranin is diazotized by using the customary molar ratio—dye, 1:HCl, 3:NaNO2l. Partly oxidized NaNO2 can be used, if necessary, by increasing the concentration of its solution enough to cause the normal color change from red to deep blue to occur within 2 min after adding the NaNO2. To avoid carrying over excess HNO2 into the alkaline coupling solution, 1 ml of 3% alcoholic urea solution (30 mg) is added for each milliliter excess of 1 N NaNO2 used. Any free HNO2 remaining at the end of the diazotization period produces a deep blue violet on starch-KI paper. Prolonged acid washing may be applied after coupling to decolorize cationic dye staining or triazenes. Na2S2O4, TiCl3 or SnCl2 may be used to bleach true azo colorations. This decolorization is not limited to newly formed azo compounds with tissue.
Crystal structure of Ba2Bi3+Bi5+O6

Abstract The structure of BaBiO3 at 25°C has been solved and refined with the use of neutron diffraction powder data. The valence situation is found to be BaBi3+ 1 2 Bi5+ 1 2 O3 rather than BaBi4+O3. The Bi3+ and Bi5+ cations take on an ordered arrangement and the resultant structure has monoclinic symmetry 12/m ( a = 6.181 A , b = 6.136 A , c = 8.670 A , β = 90.17°). This is the first example of an ordered perovskite in which the ordered cations are the same element, and also represents the first case of Bi3+ octahedrally coordinated to oxygen. The semiconducting properties of BaBiO3 are readily understood on the basis of the ordered structure. The structure becomes rhombohedral at about 130°C, and cubic in the region of 450°C.
Blimp-1 Is Required for the Formation of Immunoglobulin Secreting Plasma Cells and Pre-Plasma Memory B Cells

Blimp-1 is a transcriptional repressor able to drive the terminal differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells. We have created mice with a B cell-specific deletion of prdm1, the gene encoding Blimp-1. B cell development and the number of B cells responding to antigen appear to be normal in these mice. However, in response to either TD or TI antigen, serum Ig, short-lived plasma cells, post-GC plasma cells, and plasma cells in a memory response are virtually absent, demonstrating that Blimp-1 is required for plasmacytic differentiation and Ig secretion. In the absence of Blimp-1, CD79b(+)B220(-) pre-plasma memory B cell development is also defective, providing evidence that this subset is an intermediate in plasma cell development. B cells lacking Blimp-1 cannot secrete Ig or induce muS mRNA when stimulated ex vivo. Furthermore, although prdm1-/- B cells fail to induce XBP-1, XBP-1 cannot rescue plasmacytic differentiation without Blimp-1.