cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of CO2 diluent on fuel versus oxidizer side of spherical diffusion flames in microgravity

Abstract The present study experimentally investigates fundamental characteristics of diffusion flames and the importance of gas radiation. In particular, transient measurements of flame growth, temperature, and radiation intensity of an expanding spherical diffusion flame in microgravity are used to investigate the effects of various diluents (N 2 , CO 2 ) with different radiative properties. Two systems were studied: diluents on the oxidizer side of the reaction zone and diluents on the fuel side. Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure using a porous spherical burner aerodynamically supporting an ethylene diffusion flame in an oxidizing atmosphere. A color CCD camera was used to obtain the flame growth rate. Temperature field was measured by an array of thermocouples that were corrected for radiation, conduction through the leads and the time constant of the bead. Radiation intensity was measured by an array of photodetectors sensitive to selected spectral regions. Experimental results show that Lewis number of the oxidizer (Le O ) does not have a dominant effect on the flame growth and the effect of the Lewis number of the fuel (Le F ) on the flame growth is unclear from the experimental results. Despite controlling ρC P , the energy storage component of the reactant mixtures, influence of CO 2 in the flame region reduced the flame temperature and the soot formation due to increased energy transfer. CO 2 present in the oxidizer increased the volume-averaged temperature and lowered the flame radiative emission indicating both an increase in radiation heat transfer and radiation reabsorption. The presence of CO 2 in the fuel decreased the volume-averaged temperature significantly. Overall, CO 2 diluent affected the two systems by different mechanisms. On the oxidizer side, radiation reabsorption played a role in strengthening the flame, while on the fuel side, enhanced CO 2 increased radiative heat losses without exhibition of radiation reabsorption.
Relative survival of gags Mycteroperca microlepis released within a recreational hook-and-line fishery: Application of the Cox Regression Model to control for heterogeneity in a large-scale mark-recapture study

Abstract From June 2009 through December 2012 fishery observers were placed on charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. The objective of this study was to relate injuries and impairments measured directly from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within the recreational fishery to subsequent mark-recapture rates. Due to the large spatial and temporal scales of the study design, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Also, changes in fishing effort following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill during 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and drastically reduced recreational harvest seasons for gag during 2011 and 2012 were unanticipated during the design of this study. Therefore, it was necessary to control for potential covariates on encounter and recapture rates for gags tagged in different regions, different years, and different times of year. This analysis demonstrates the utility of the Cox regression proportional hazards model in comparing relative survival among gags released in various conditions while controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events. A total of 3954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30 m were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha p R 2 = 0.917)
Competition of antigens as influenced by spacing of heterologous antigen injections.

Summary1) Antibody responses of chickens to single, simultaneous, and spaced injections of bovine serum albumin and human gamma globulin at a dosage level of 40 mg per kilo of body weight are described. 2) Under conditions of simultaneous injection of BSA and HGG antibody responses to both BSA and HGG approximate those of their respective controls. 3) Results of the experiment in which injection of HGG was withheld until 24 hours after that of BSA indicate that antibody response to BSA was significantly reduced. 4) Antibody responses to BSA and HGG in animals in which injection of HGG was delayed for 48 hours approximate the responses of their respective controls. 5) It appears that the character of the antibody response to simultaneous injections of BSA and HGG is regulated by the parameters of dosage level and timing of injections.The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Miss Norma Johnson.
Identifying information technology graduate-level programs

This paper follows up on a previous paper identifying four-year IT programs in the USA, and identifies graduate-level programs in IT within the four-year IT programs identified. The entrance requirements are also given.
Surgery for Leg Numbness with Back Pain, Patient Controlled Analgesia, Phantom Limb Pain

This feature presents information for patients in a question and answer format. It is written to simulate actual questions that many pain patients ask and to provide answers in a context and language that most pain patients will comprehend. Issues addressed in this issue are why back pain surgery may relieve leg numbness but not the associated back pain, patient controlled analgesia, and phantom limb pain.
Expert Systems Application In Manufacturing

Expert system, a special branch of Artificial Intelligence finds its way in the domain of manufacturing. This paper presents the basic ideas and features of the expert systems, problems in manufacturing and application of expert systems in manufacturing. As the process planning is an important phase in manufacturing, the suitability of expert systems for process planning area has been highlighted. Several expert systems, developed to solve manufacturing problems are also discussed in the paper.
Gastric cancer in coal miners: An hypothesis of coal mine dust causation

An hypothesis is proposed to explain the elevated incidence of gastric cancer among coal miners. Inhaled coal mine dust, especially the larger particles, is cleared from the lung and tracheobronchial tree by mucociliary function, swallowed, and introduced into the stomach. Organic and/or inorganic materials in the dust can undergo intra-gastric nitrosation and/or interaction with exogenous chemicals to form carcinogenic compounds which in turn may lead to precancerous lesions, which may subsequently develop into gastric cancer. This sequence of events, however, depends upon occupational exposures as well as life-style features and individual genetic predisposition.
Stability and CMG wobble damping of flexible, spinning space stations.

Consideration of the uncontrolled vehicle stability and control moment gyro (CMG) wobble damping of two typical modular-spinning-space-station configurations. General stability trends are established as a function of structural parameters. Results of investigations using a unique CMG wobble damping concept are presented, and requirements are formulated. Modifications to the basic control law required as a result of structural flexibility are described. The majority of the analyses were performed with the aid of a digital simulation of the flexible body dynamics. The description of the vehicles, the flexible body simulation, and the CMG wobble damping concept are presented. Previously established theory is supported insofar as the stabilization and control problems associated with a minimum inertia type spinning spacecraft are shown to be significantly greater than those of a maximum inertia vehicle. For example, the maximum inertia configuration investigated is stable for all structural flexibility conditions studied, while the stability of the minimum inertia configuration is dependent upon the distribution of energy dissipating material throughout the structure.
Modified flux model and its optical applications

In this per, we present a modified four flux model in which multiple scauering among particles is included. If the incident radiation is diffuse in nature, the model can be easily converted to a two flux one. On the optical side, the modified flux model can find various applications, for example, tailoring the opacity of paint materials, designing the antireflection coatings, and predicting the color of a ceramic glaze.
The effect of translucency of Y-TZP based all-ceramic crowns fabricated with difference substructure designs.

Abstract Purpose To analyse the effect of translucency of Y-TZP based all-ceramic crowns fabricated with different substructure thicknesses and extensions. The effect of restoration shading is also investigated. Materials and methods A maxillary right central incisal typodont tooth was prepared and a die was fabricated with Type IV stone after making impression. Horizontally and vertically reduced substructure extensions were designed at the facial cervical part with 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm thick Lava Y-TZP. Each substructure was fabricated with two different shades, FS1 and FS7. A1 shade veneering porcelain was applied on FS1 shade Y-TZP substructures and D3 shade veneering porcelain was applied on FS7 shade Y-TZP substructures with lost wax and press ceramic technique. Ten specimens were fabricated for a total of 8 groups. The cervical and body color of specimens were analysed with a spectrophotometer, after placing specimens on the two different colored abutment teeth using translucent try-in cement. The data were obtained in CIELAB color coordinates L * a * b * , and Δ E * through the test specimens over ND1 and ND8 shade abutments were calculated. Results At the cervical area, there was a significant difference on substructure extension ( P P = 0.05) and there was a significant difference on restoration shade ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Vertical reduction design of Y-TZP substructure could increase Δ E * at the cervical area. Decreasing thickness of Y-TZP substructure may increase Δ E * at the body area. Increasing the value of Y-TZP based-all ceramic crown shade could increase Δ E * at the body area. Clinical significance The translucency of a Y-TZP based all-ceramic crowns may influence its esthetic outcome when it is used on a discolored abutment tooth. Clinicians should be aware of the effect of substructure design on the translucency of Y-TZP based all-ceramic crowns.
Excretion of p-methoxyamphetamine administered to humans.

PSYCHOSIS can be induced by the administration of large doses of amphetamine1 and some of its derivatives2. In man, a principal metabolite of amphetamine is p-hydroxyamphet-amine. Biological O-methylation of this compound would yield a potent hallucinogen, p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA)3. In a previous report4, we demonstrated that within the limit of detectability of PMA (about 80 µg/24 h urine) by a sensitive procedure employing gas chromatography of the acetyl derivative, PMA was not detected in the urine of four subjects to whom amphetamine sulphate was administered in large doses (mean of 629 mg) over an average period of 51 h. These subjects developed varying degrees of psychotic symptomatology.
Human Capital and Metropolitan Employment Growth

Abstract I propose that cities with higher average levels of human capital should experience faster employment growth. Using data on all U.S. metropolitan areas (MSAs) over the period 1940–86, I found a positive, large, and persistent relationship between human capital and MSA growth. I also found evidence of spillovers between cities within MSAs:cityemployment growth was positively related to human capitalelsewherewithin the MSA. However, I also found that differences between cities in human capital helped explain differences in employment growth within MSAs, which suggests that the effects of human capital are at least partly localized at the city level.
Sydney Ringer: water supplied by the New River Water Company.

Abstract Lactated Ringer's solution has been used for decades in the resuscitation of hypovolemia and hemorrhagic shock. Its origin relates to a serendipitous substitution of water in the London laboratory of Sydney Ringer in the 1880s. A number of controversies have related to the use of lactated Ringer's solution. Some of these have involved the potential exacerbation of lactic acidosis and the question of whether administration of colloid or crystalloid is preferable in severe hypovolemia. The use of hypertonic saline solutions in shock is an issue of current investigative interest.
Creative Financing and House Prices: A Theoretical Inquiry into the Capitalization Issue

Since buyers offer a premium for access to creative financing (CF), creatively-financed houses will sell for more than otherwise identical houses purchased with standard financing. A commonly suggested method for adjusting house values to eliminate the effects of CF is the “cash equivalence” method, where the CF premium is assumed to equal the present value of savings from CF. This paper shows that in a world with active housing speculators, the cash equivalence approach gives the right answer: In an “arbitrage” equilibrium, house values must differ by exactly the present value of CF savings. Further analysis shows that when capital markets are perfect, each consumer is indifferent between CF and standard financing when arbitrage equilibrium obtains. Without perfect capital markets, however, consumers will strictly prefer one financing mode or the other.
Affordable drug options: A survey of what colleges and schools of pharmacy are teaching

Abstract Objective Current economic struggles influence the ability of patients to afford healthcare. There is limited literature showing what pharmacy schools are doing to prepare students to help these patients. The primary objective of this project was to gain a better understanding of how colleges and schools of pharmacy are incorporating information about affordable medication options into their curriculum for students. Methods/Procedures Surveys were distributed via Survey Monkey through several American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) listservs in October 2009. Questions were focused on determining what was taught by each instructor with regard to cost and affordability of medications. Instructional methodology and specific content was also solicited. Results A total of 158 faculty from 78 pharmacy schools responded to the survey. Seventy-one respondents coordinate therapeutics/clinical coursework, 43 coordinate social and administrative sciences coursework, 30 oversee advanced and/or introductory pharmacy practice rotations, eight coordinate drug information courses, and six are curriculum chairs. Fifty-four percent of respondents are faculty at public institutions. Fifty-nine percent of respondents indicated that students are not effectively taught the role of a pharmacist in managing financial and economical situations. When asked if their curriculum teaches students how to help or refer patients in need of social services, 35% and 33% of the respondents indicated yes. Twenty-two percent of respondents provided specific examples of teaching this content. Conclusion While some efforts are being made to teach students about the cost and affordability of medication this is an opportunity for growth for programs across the country.
A glimpse at sperm function in vivo: sperm transport and epithelial interaction in the female reproductive tract.

Abstract The process of sperm transport in the female reproductive tract is more than simply a migration of spermatozoa from the site of insemination to the site of fertilization. Rather, it is a complex and dynamic continuum that encompasses phases of sperm distribution within the tract, the accumulation of spermatozoa in reservoirs, the modulation of sperm physiology and acquisition of fertilization competence, the ascent of competent spermatozoa to the site of fertilization, and the elimination of the non-fertilizing sperm population. The dynamic interactions that occur between functional spermatozoa and the luminal fluids and epithelial surfaces of the female genital tract during transit and storage enhance sperm survival and regulate sperm function in the female. The universal nature of this interaction highlights it as a key component of the sperm transport process.
Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of Expression of Leukocyte-type 12-Lipoxygenase in Porcine Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract Activation of a leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) has been proposed to be an important mechanism for angiotensin II– and glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Currently, no specific pharmacological inhibitors for the leukocyte-type 12-LO are available to test this hypothesis. We have therefore designed a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme to produce cleavage at the first GUC sequence at nucleotide 7 of porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA. The ribozyme was tested in vitro with a 206-base 12-LO mRNA as substrate. We observed that the ribozyme specifically and dose-dependently cleaved porcine leukocyte 12-LO mRNA at the predicted site under physiological temperature. Furthermore, we also efficiently delivered the ribozyme into porcine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells by transfection with cationic liposomes. The ribozyme caused a dose-dependent decrease in levels of porcine leukocyte-type 12-LO mRNA in these cells and was more potent than an antisense oligonucleotide directed against porcine leukocyte 12-LO. The 12-LO ribozyme also attenuated 12-LO protein levels in the cells. The action of the ribozyme was primarily a result of its catalytic activity, since a modified ribozyme that lacks catalytic activity showed reduced effects. This represents the first ribozyme directed against a mammalian LO pathway. These results demonstrate the potential utility of new ribozyme technology to generate novel agents for gene modulation experiments to modify the development or progression of vascular disease in humans.
Automatic deployment of a 2‐D geophone array for efficient ultra‐shallow seismic imaging

[1] The cost of three-dimensional seismic-reflection surveys is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the target depth, which renders ultra-shallow 3-D surveys uneconomical when employing conventional acquisition methods. We developed instrumentation that automatically deploys an array of geophones for efficient acquisition of shallow 3-D seismic reflection data. The components of the instrumentation are: a rigid-steel platform used for positioning, planting, and transporting geophones; a hydraulically controlled mechanism for decoupling the geophones from the platform during seismic-data recording; and a 2-D array of 72 geophones. Tests of both automatically planted geophones and conventional hand-planted geophones resulted in comparable ultra-shallow seismic data. Field tests show automatic planting and moving of the geophone array is possible in three minutes by one or two field operators. Conceptually, the design could accommodate hundreds of geophones handled by a single operator. The instrumentation presented is a new approach to efficient ultra-shallow 3-D seismic acquisition.
Characterization of the terahertz near-field output of parallel-plate waveguides

We experimentally characterize the field confinement properties of various parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) geometries in the terahertz spectral range. In contrast to infinite-width PPWGs with free-space diffraction along the unshielded direction, finite-width (and also tapered) PPWGs show well-confined THz fields at the output facet. Both the transverse field component, perpendicular to the inside surfaces, and the longitudinal component, parallel to the propagation direction, exhibit strong lateral confinement. We also observe an antisymmetric longitudinal field distribution across the air gap, analogous to the symmetric surface plasmon polariton mode observed in optical slot waveguides.
Functional interaction between the PKC1 pathway and CDC31 network of SPB duplication genes.

The earliest known step in yeast spindle pole body (SPB) duplication requires Cdc31p and Kar1p, two physically interacting SPB components, and Dsk2p and Rad23p, a pair of ubiquitin-like proteins. Components of the PKC1 pathway were found to interact with these SPB duplication genes in two independent genetic screens. Initially, SLG1 and PKC1 were obtained as high-copy suppressors of dsk2 Δ rad23 Δ and a mutation in MPK1 was synthetically lethal with kar1 -Δ 17 . Subsequently, we demonstrated extensive genetic interactions between the PKC1 pathway and the SPB duplication mutants that affect Cdc31p function. The genetic interactions are unlikely to be related to the cell-wall integrity function of the PKC1 pathway because the SPB mutants did not exhibit cell-wall defects. Overexpression of multiple PKC1 pathway components suppressed the G2/M arrest of the SPB duplication mutants and mutations in MPK1 exacerbated the cell cycle arrest of kar1 -Δ 17 , suggesting a role for the PKC1 pathway in SPB duplication. We also found that mutations in SPC110 , which encodes a major SPB component, showed genetic interactions with both CDC31 and the PKC1 pathway. In support of the model that the PKC1 pathway regulates SPB duplication, one of the phosphorylated forms of Spc110p was absent in pkc1 and mpk1 Δ mutants.
The Importance of Expressive Behavior, Involvement, Sex, and Need-Approval in Inducing Liking.

Abstract Subjects ( N = 142) interviewed and then rated one of two male confederates who either did or did not display positive expressive behaviors (smiles, eye contact, etc.). Positive behaviors induced more liking even though subjects did not differentially describe the gestures employed. Subjects who merely observed the interaction liked the interviewees less than did participant-subjects. Control subjects exposed only to the recorded vocal cues of actual experimental interviews did not differentiate in their liking between the two levels of expressive behavior. Male subjects high in need for approval liked the interviewees better than did males low in need for approval regardless of expressive condition while the reverse was true for females. Also female participants high in need for approval were more sensitive to the expressive cues, showing a larger difference between the two expressive conditions than did females low in need for approval. Explanations for these individual differences are proposed.
Overview of the First Ten Years of the Minnesota Road Research Project

The Minnesota Department of Transportation began construction on the Minnesota Road Research Project (MnROAD) in 1991 and opened the full-scale pavement research facility to live traffic in 1994. Since the time of its construction, MnROAD, the first major test track since the AASHO Road Test of the 1950s and 1960s, has learned a number of lessons on behalf of the greater pavement community. As part of completing the first phase of MnROAD (its first ten years of operation), researchers at the University of Minnesota reviewed the many products of MnROAD’s first phase for a project titled “MnROAD Lessons Learned.” The Lessons Learned Project involved over fifty interviews, three hundred published and unpublished reports, papers, and briefs, and an online survey of pavement professionals. This paper, based on the Lessons Learned Project, presents an overview of MnROAD products of interest at the local, state, and national levels. Furthermore, the paper provides extensive references for these products in the h...
The Present: Optimizing Therapy—Too Much or Too Little?

Despite the use of less toxic chemotherapy and more limited doses and fields of radiation, the prognosis for patients with all stages of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has continued to improve over the last 20 years. The challenge today is better identification of prognostic markers that will allow even further reduction of therapy in the most favorable subsets and new approaches for those who have a high risk of failure with current approaches. Most ongoing clinical trials for newly diagnosed HL base therapy decisions on the result of an interim restaging PET/CT, de-escalating for early responders and escalating for patients with a suboptimal response. While awaiting the results of these important trials, the debates rage on regarding the use of consolidative radiotherapy in early stage HL and the use of escalated BEACOPP in advanced stage disease. Unfortunately, we still face the very difficult decision with nearly every patient with HL of "too much," risking long-term consequences, or "too little," risking relapse and the need for additional toxic therapy. At present, we need to make these very difficult initial treatment decisions with inadequate data, but reassured by the excellent outcomes for most patients and encouraged by the new agents available for those who fail first-line therapy.
High power amplifier harmonic output level measurement

A method is presented for the measurement of the harmonic output power of high power klystron amplifiers, involving coherent hemispherical radiation pattern measurements of the radiated klystron output. Results are discussed for operation in saturated and unsaturated conditions, and with a waveguide harmonic filter included. >
Combining the Power of Taverna and caGrid: Scientific Workflows that Enable Web-Scale Collaboration

Service-oriented architecture represents a promising approach to integrating data and software across different institutional and disciplinary sources, thus facilitating Web-scale collaboration while avoiding the need to convert different data and software to common formats. The US National Cancer Institute's Biomedical Information Grid program seeks to create both a service-oriented infrastructure (caGrid) and a suite of data and analytic services. Workflow tools in caGrid facilitate both the use and creation of services by accelerating service discovery, composition, and orchestration tasks. The authors present caGrid's workflow requirements and explain how they met these requirements by adopting and extending the Taverna system.
Biological control of weeds: research by the United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service: selected case studies †‡

Research by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) on biological control of weeds has been practiced for many years because of its inherent ecological and economic advantages. Today, it is further driven by ARS adherence to Presidential Executive Order 13112 (3 February 1999) on invasive species and to USDA-ARS policy toward developing technology in support of sustainable agriculture with reduced dependence on non-renewable petrochemical resources. This paper reports examples or case studies selected to demonstrate the traditional or classical approach for biological control programs using Old World arthropods against Tamarix spp, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav) ST Blake and Galium spurium L/G aparine L, and the augmentative approach with a native plant pathogen against Pueraria lobata Ohwi = P montana. The examples illustrated various conflicts of interest with endangered species and ecological complexities of arthropods with associated microbes such as nematodes.
Accuracy of uploadable pedometers in laboratory, overground, and free-living conditions in young and older adults

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of uploadable pedometers to accurately count steps during treadmill (TM) and overground (OG) walking, and during a 24 hour monitoring period (24 hr) under free living conditions in young and older adults.
Effect of air-conditioner oversizing and control on electric-peak loads in a residence

Abstract Severe capacity problems are experienced by several electric utilities during hot summer afternoons. It has been found that residential air-conditioning use is the major contributor to these peak loads. Two factors which increase this air-conditioning peak are: 1. (i) the amount by which the air-conditioner has been over-designed and 2. (ii) the manner in which the occupant operates his air-conditioner during hot summer afternoons. The objective of this paper is to present a simplified general model by which one is able to gauge the extent to which both of these factors impact air-conditioner electric-peak loads in a single residence. Illustrative examples on the use of the modeling equations are also given. This model, in conjunction with certain realistic assumptions regarding air-conditioner diversity in the service territory, should be helpful to utility analysts wishing to assess the impact of air-conditioner oversizing and occupant control on the total residential peak loads pertinent to their specific conditions and geographic location.
What is the point of public reason

Jerry Gaus is the most important philosopher of public reason since John Rawls. His path-breaking work on this topic has deeply influenced a large group of moral and political philosophers, a group to which I happily belong. In this short paper I examine one feature of the account developed in his incredibly rich and illuminating book, The Order of Public Reason. Gaus (2011), cited hereafter as OPR. I argue Gaus�s theory struggles to resolve a crucial question: how can we be confident that public reason will yield a set of moral rules whose content is minimally acceptable? Gaus�s view Given pervasive disagreement about morality, how can we engage in the practice of morality�making demands on others and frequently enforcing those demands with coercive threats�in a way that also manages to respect others as free and equal interpreters of morality? One solution, which Gaus associates with Kant and Rawls, is to bracket all those beliefs or commitments that divide us, and construct a set of morality.
Challenges to bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) social groups: Mother–infant dyad and infant social interactions

The mother-infant dyad is crucial to early development in a variety of species. The complexity of social groupings in nonhuman primates makes this relationship resilient as well as susceptible to early challenges associated with environmental chaos. Quantitative behavior observations of bonnet monkey mother-infant interactions were collected from 28 mother-infant dyads between one and twelve months of age. Social groups were subjected to several prenatal and/or postnatal housing relocations within a single year resulting in two study groups. One group experienced relocations (ATYPICAL, n = 14) and the second group (TYPICAL, n = 14) was conceived and reared in the same location. Behaviors in the ethogram included mother-infant interactions and infant social interactions with other members of the group. Observations between ages of two to four months were analyzed by a mixed model analysis of variance including fixed effects of per and postnatal history (TYPICAL, ATYPICAL), age, and history by age interaction and random effects of mother and infant nested within mother. A significant effect of relocation history was noted on a number of infant behaviors. ATYPICAL infants were out of direct contact with their mother at an earlier age but remained in her proximity. Control of proximity shifted to offsrping in the ATYPICAL group compared to the TYPICAL group. Furthermore, greater social interactions between two and four months of age with other members of the social group as well as the ir mother were observed in the ATYPICAL group. It is suggested that continuous challenge associated with relocation may affect the infant at later developmental ages due to these early differences in ways that are yet unclear.
Calculation of quadratic hyperpolarizabilities for organic π electron chromophores : molecular geometry sensitivity of second-order nonlinear optical response

This contribution explores the sensitivity of computed quadratic hyperpolarizabilities to the choice of chromophore molecular geometry. The nonlinear optical response of 25 organic π-electron molecular chromophores is calculated for four different types of input geometries using the ZINDO-SOS formalism. The calculated nonlinear optical susceptibilites are found to be surprisingly sensitive to certain key alternations in molecular structure; this is understandable in terms of modifications in the conjugation strength through the π system. We also describe an efficient, a priori prescription for constructing chromophore input geometries that yield accurate quadratic hyper-polarizabilities within the ZINDO-SOS formalism. The first optical absorption maxima, the dipole moments, and the second-order nonlinear optical responses computed from these idealized geometries are essentially identical to those derived from MOPAC-optimized structures and correspond well with available experimental data.
Minimally Invasive Pyeloplasty in Horseshoe Kidneys with Ureteropelvic Junction obstruction: A case series

Background and Purpose Horseshoe kidney is an uncommon renal anomaly often associated with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Advanced minimally invasive surgical (MIS) reconstructive techniques including laparoscopic and robotic surgery are now being utilized in this population. However, fewer than 30 cases of MIS UPJ reconstruction in horseshoe kidneys have been reported. We herein report our experience with these techniques in the largest series to date. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of nine patients with UPJ obstruction in horseshoe kidneys who underwent MIS repair at our institution between March 2000 and January 2012. Four underwent laparoscopic, two robotic, and one laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) dismembered pyeloplasty. An additional two pediatric patients underwent robotic Hellstrom repair. Perioperative outcomes and treatment success were evaluated. Results Median patient age was 18 years (range 2.5-62 years). Median operative time was 136 minutes (range 109-230 min.) and there were no perioperative complications. After a median follow-up of 11 months, clinical (symptomatic) success was 100%, while radiographic success based on MAG-3 renogram was 78%. The two failures were defined by prolonged t1/2 drainage, but neither patient has required salvage therapy as they remain asymptomatic with stable differential renal function. Conclusions MIS repair of UPJ obstruction in horseshoe kidneys is feasible and safe. Although excellent short-term clinical success is achieved, radiographic success may be lower than MIS pyeloplasty in heterotopic kidneys, possibly due to inherent differences in anatomy. Larger studies are needed to evaluate MIS pyeloplasty in this population.
Lipoprotein cholesteryl ester production, transfer, and output in vivo in humans

Our aim was to identify and quantify the major in vivo pathways of lipoprotein cholesteryl ester transport in humans. Normal (n = 7), bile fistula (n = 5), and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH; n = 1) subjects were studied. Each received isotopic free cholesterol in HDL, LDL, or particulate form, along with another isotope of free or esterified cholesterol or mevalonic acid. VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, HDL, blood cells, and bile were collected for up to 6 days for analysis of radioactivity and mass of free and esterified cholesterol. These raw data were subjected to compartmental analysis using the SAAM program. Results in all groups corroborated net transport of free cholesterol to the liver from HDL, shown previously in fistula subjects. New findings revealed that 70% of ester was produced from free cholesterol in HDL and 30% from free cholesterol in LDL, IDL, and VLDL. No evidence was found for tissue-produced ester in plasma. There was net transfer of cholesteryl ester to VLDL and IDL from HDL and considerable exchange between LDL and HDL. Irreversible ester output was from VLDL, IDL, and LDL, but very little was from HDL, suggesting that selective and holoparticle uptakes of HDL ester are minor pathways in humans. It follows that 1) they contribute little to reverse transport, 2) very high HDL would not result from defects thereof, and 3) the clinical benefit of high HDL is likely explained by other mechanisms. Reverse transport in the subjects with bile fistula and FH was facilitated by ester output to the liver from VLDL plus IDL.
A 2000-year environmental history of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, inferred from lake-sediment records

Abstract Little is known about the disturbance history of low-elevation forest and steppe vegetation in the western United States, nor about the relative importance of climate and human activity in shaping present-day plant communities. We analyzed pollen and high-resolution macroscopic charcoal records spanning the last 2100, 1000, and 550 cal years from 3 small lakes in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, to reconstruct the vegetation and fire history along a gradient from steppe to dry forest. The pollen data suggest little change in vegetation in the last 2 millennia, aside from a long-term trend toward more forest at the expense of steppe. One site showed an expansion of mesophytic taxa in the last 350 years as a result of local changes in hydrology, and another site was dry prior to ad 1000 and showed fluctuations in steppe composition thereafter. The longest record suggests that fire frequency was higher before ad 1200 than after. Comparison of 3 charcoal records for the last 550 years indicates widespread fire...
A reassessment of shoot/root and root/organic matter interactions

Recent studies of root/organic matter (OM) interactions are reviewed, which lead to some interesting results on OM dynamics, and root/microbial interactions. We also examine shoot/root interactions in grasses. Our recent studies of intra-generic differences in plant function with respect to labile carbon dynamics show marked differences between mycorrhizal-infected and uninfected plants. We attempt to link and compare shoot/root/OM dynamics, using radiotracer techniques.
Enhanced renal expression of preproendothelin mRNA during chronic angiotensin II hypertension.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endothelin in mediating the renal hemodynamic and arterial pressure changes observed during chronic ANG II-induced hypertension. ANG II (50 ng...
When and Where Can Institutionalization Occur? The Case of Price Bubbles in Financial Markets

This study analyzes the oft-neglected linkage between the micro-foundations of institutionalization and their macro-institutional outcomes. We use price bubbles in financial markets to contextualize our analysis, and employ a well-established experimental methodology, allowing us to (1) analyze institutionalization processes at the most granular level, (2) examine institutions as they form, and (3) control more precisely for alternative, non-institutional explanations. We find evidence that institutionalization processes can quickly occur, even in seemingly efficient financial markets. Additionally, we specify, test, and reject alternative individual-level explanations such as skill deficiency or overconfidence. Finally, we address more precisely the mechanisms presumed to be driving institutionalization by demonstrating how institutionalization processes in markets respond to varying levels of ambiguity. We conclude with a discussion of our sociological explanation for price bubble outcomes, and its relevance for neo-institutional theory.
A committee approach to moving a library: planning, personnel and stress

Problemes lies au demenagement des fonds d'une bibliotheque (bibliotheque Bizzel, Oklahoma)
Hwee Hwee Tan's Mammon Inc. as Bildungsroman; or, The Coming-of-Career Narrative

This article examines the relationship between genre and neoliberalism through a reading of a novel about a diasporic Singaporean trying to land a position with the “largest company in the world.” Following a discussion of how Hwee Hwee Tan's novel Mammon Inc. comments on Singapore's socioeconomic restructuring after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the article argues that attention to genre provides a framework through which to understand how the internalizing of neoliberal values becomes a matter of personal fulfillment and self-improvement. Tan's novel dramatizes neoliberal subject formation in Singapore today and can be described as a “coming-of-career” novel, or the story of becoming an economically viable subject in a globalized economy through the pursuit of a professional career. Through a reading of Mammon Inc., the article discusses the significance of age identity and age relations for neoliberal ideology. The novel highlights the manner in which professional careers are conflated with notions of life and the ways they are posed as a corrective to youth. Although the coming-of-career narrative is limited to discussions of privileged and upwardly mobile subjects, there is potential to think about the genre more generally. This article proposes that theorizing the neoliberal bildungsroman might present an opportunity to better historicize neoliberalism
Against Their Apparent Self-Interest: The Authorization of Independent State Legislative Ethics Commissions, 1973–96:

Why do state legislators enact policies that conflict with their immediate self-interest? I address this question by assessing the impact of traditional and non-traditional policy determinants on e...
Unusual electrocyclic rearrangements with group 14 element compounds: reversible isomerization of a π-aromatic digermyl complex with carbon-carbon and germanium-germanium multiple bond cleavage.

Reaction of a digermyne with cyclooctatetraene (cot) gave two isomeric products. A Ge(II) inverse sandwich is formed as the kinetic product, which was a result of complete Ge≡Ge bond cleavage and the formation of a π-bound cot ring. This isomerized in solution at room temperature over a period of 5 days to give the thermodynamic product, a tetracyclic diene-digermane, in which a single-bonded Ge—Ge moiety has inserted into a C═C bond of the cot carbocycle. Kinetic studies afforded an activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) and entropy (ΔS‡) of 14.9 kcal mol−1 and −6.2 cal mol−1 K−1 respectively. Heating crystals of the thermodynamic product at ca. 120 °C cleanly regenerated the original inverse sandwich isomer.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Musculoskeletal Conditions

Musculoskeletal conditions are common, and there are many options for pharmacologic therapy. Unfortunately, there is not strong evidence for the use of many of these medications. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally first-line medications for most musculoskeletal pain, but there is more evidence these medications are not as safe as once thought. Other analgesic and antispasmodic medications can be effective for acute pain but generally are not as effective for chronic pain. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants can be more effective for chronic or neuropathic pain. Topical formulations of NSAIDs can be effective for pain with fewer side effects.
Efficacy of chromium picolinate and chromium chloride as potential carcass modifiers in swine

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate and chromium chloride (CrCl3) on growth performance, carcass composition, percentages and accretion rates of carcass tissues and chemical components, and blood metabolites in pigs. In Exp. 1, 35 individually penned pigs were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine) supplemented with 0, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate or 5,000 or 25,000 micrograms/ kg of Cr from CrCl3. Each diet was fed to seven pigs for 35 d (19.6 to 43.2 kg BW). Addition of 200 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate increased ADG (P < .07) and ADFI (P < .03) but did not affect feed:gain ratio. Backfat measurements and longissimus muscle area were not affected by either source of Cr. The percentages of muscle, fat, bone, and skin from the right ham and the percentages of water, protein, lipid, and ash from the left carcass were not significantly altered by Cr. The addition of 200 micrograms/kg Cr from chromium picolinate increased (P < .07) the accretion rate of lipid in the carcass. In Exp. 2, 42 individually penned pigs (three from each of 14 litters) were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine from 19 to 55 kg; .80% lysine from 55 to 109 kg) without or with 200 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate or 5,000 micrograms/kg of Cr from CrCl3. Dietary Cr addition had no effect on the performance or backfat measurements of the pigs; however, both sources of Cr increased (P < .07) longissimus muscle area. The percentages and accretion rates of muscle tissue were increased (P < .001) and the percentages of fat tissue were decreased (P < .001) in pigs fed Cr, with chromium picolinate being more effective than CrCl3 (P < .05). The percentages (P < .01) and accretion rates (P < .07) of carcass protein were increased and the percentages and accretion rates of carcass lipid were decreased (P < .04) in pigs fed Cr. No changes in blood metabolites occurred as a result of supplemental Cr in either experiment. These results suggest that chromium picolinate is more effective than CrCl3 and that Cr must be supplemented throughout the growing-finishing period to improve the carcass composition.
Hyperphenylalaninemias and tyrosinemias.

Discussion of the hyperphenylalaninemias include aspects such as incidence, inheritance, biochemical and clinical features, detection, differential diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling. Symptoms and treatment of neonatal tyrosinemia are also elucidated.
High wear-resistance characteristic of boron-doped nano-polycrystalline diamond on optical glass

Abstract Boron-doped nano-polycrystalline diamond (B-NPD) uniformly containing boron atoms in the diamond lattice has been successfully produced by direct conversion sintering under ultra-high pressure and high temperature using boron-doped graphite as a starting material, and its wear properties on optical glass materials have been investigated. The chemical wear of B-NPD sliding on glass was highly suppressed under sliding conditions where undoped NPD is worn considerably by chemical reaction with glass because the frictional resistance of NPD decreased and its sliding performance was improved by adding boron. In addition, because B-NPD has electrical conductivity, tribo-microplasma damages attributed to frictional electrification were not observed. Thus, the wear resistance of B-NPD on glass materials was improved greatly in comparison with that of undoped NPD. These results indicate that B-NPD has outstanding potential as a cutting tool material for high-performance and high-precision cutting on various types of glass, nonconductive ceramics and rigid plastics which are difficult to cut by conventional diamonds because of tribo-chemical wear or tribo-electrical wear.