cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Islam and Liberal Democracy: Islamist Women in Turkish Politics

Rethinking Islam and Liberal Democracy: Islamist Women in Turkish Politics. By Yesim Arat. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. 150p. $55.00. Since the advent of competitive politics in Turkey in 1946, Islamist parties have assumed increasing importance. During the 1970s, the National Salvation Party, headed by Necmettin Erbakan, was a participant in a series of coalition governments. The Welfare Party, also led by Erbakan, came in first (barely) in the 1995 election, catapulting its temperamental leader into the position of prime minister. In 2002, the Justice and Development Party (JDP) won an overwhelming electoral victory, capturing two-thirds of the parliamentary seats. Although the JDP denies that it is an Islamist party, its leader, the current prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has been a leading Islamist politician, including especially his stormy career as mayor of Istanbul, and both its supporters and opponents regard it as such today. The result of this dramatic rise of Islamist political forces in the formally and solidly secular Republic of Turkey has aroused a great deal of controversy. Not least of the questions raised is the popular conundrum of the compatibility of Islam and democracy.
Violence and Restraint Reduction Efforts on Inpatient Psychiatric Units

Efforts to reduce aggression and violence and the use of restraint and seclusion have traditionally been through some form of educational program. This paper presents an integrative review of research and quality improvement projects that aimed to reduce aggression/violence or restraint/seclusion through the use of an educational program. Forty-six papers are included in this review. This paper presents summaries and comparisons of the research designs, the content and length of programs, and the outcomes of these programs. From these summaries, trends in relation to design, content, and outcomes are identified, and recommendations for clinicians and researchers are given.
Bayesian Adaptation during Computer-Based Tests and Computer-Guided Practice Exercises

One of the potential advantages of computer-based instruction (CBI) is individualization of instruction. However, this goal has not been fully realized in practice, due largely to limitations of natural language understanding and to combinatorial explosion. It is nonetheless possible to develop CBI programs which can adapt to students, depending on their performance, by adjusting the length of computer-guided practice exercises and computer-based tests. The validity of this approach is supported empirically. The number of questions can be significantly reduced for many individuals, while mastery and nonmastery decisions remain highly accurate.
Investigation of Ship Topside Modeling Practices for Wind Tunnel Experiments

The aerodynamic flow field around a ship’s topside is important to assess ship performance and survivability, evaluate the ship operating envelope, and for launch and recovery of manned and unmanned vehicles. Scaled aerodynamic models of ships are often tested in wind tunnels to measure the topside flow field characteristics. In this study experiments are performed to investigate wind tunnel test practices for modeling ship topside aerodynamics in a general-purpose wind tunnel. Three models of the generic Simple Frigate Shape 2 topside geometry, 4.6, 6.7, and 9.1 feet in length, are used to investigate impacts of Reynolds number, blockage, and wall effects on wind loads and air wake in an 8-by-10-foot wind tunnel. Data collected indicate that blockage effects for the largest model may increase apparent wind loads as much as 20% or more. However, analysis shows that blockage effects can be accounted for using Maskell’s correction for a non-lifting plate. Wall effects also are found to impact wind load and air wake data for large models, specifically models spanning more than two-thirds of the tunnel width in beam-wind conditions. An Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is simulated by use of an inlet grid system. Wind loads coefficients collected at non-headwind conditions are found to be sensitive to ABL profile, suggesting that physical simulation of ABL is necessary for accurate load measurements.
Development basis of phenotypic variation in egg production in a colonial ascidian: primary oocyte production versus oocyte development.

Colonies of the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri (a cyclical hermaphrodite) exhibit extreme variability in egg production, and there is a large genetic component to this phenotypic variation. Therefore, the developmental bases of variation among different genotypes was investigated. Col- onies differing in egg production (assayed as number of eggs per asexual bud) were cultured in a common garden experiment, and buds were collected and fixed early in the reproductive cycle. The buds were serially sectioned, and the number and size of the oocytes in the developing ovaries were determined for the different genotypes. Because the buds were collected prior to the onset of vitellogenesis, they contained oocytes at the three previtellogenic stages. In reproductive colonies (>0.7 eggs per bud), there were neg- ative relationships between the final number of eggs per bud and (1) the total number of oocytes present, (2) the number of stage 1 oocytes present, and (3) the number of stage 2 oocytes present. There was no relationship between these parameters in nonreproductive colonies (CO.3 eggs per bud). In contrast, the number of stage 3 oocytes per bud was positively correlated with the final number of eggs per bud in both reproductive and nonreproductive colonies. In re- productive animals there was a negative relationship be- tween the total number of oocytes per bud and the percent- age of oocytes at stage 3 in oogenesis. A principal component analysis revealed that a single vector equally weighted for the number of eggs per bud, the total number of oocytes per bud, and the percentage of oocytes at stage 3 accounted for 84% of the observed variation in reproductive colonies. These data indicate that the phenotypic variation in egg production among the B. schlosseri colonies in the Damariscotta River, Maine, is controlled by genetic varia- tion in both the number of oocytes that populate developing ovaries, and the percentage of oocytes that reach stage 3 in oogenesis.
PFM Study of Crystals with the Co-Existence of Ferroelastic and Ferroelectric Domains

Piezoresponse force microscopy provides an efficient mean for the visualization of the domains with a nanoscale resolution. In this paper, PFM studies have been carried out on ferroelectric materials of special interest. Occurrence of both ferroelectric and ferroelastic properties in the same material is a unique phenomenon which can be used for numerous device fabrication. Bismuth Titanate and Lead Potassium Niobate are the ferroics studied here. Bismuth titanate has one of its crystallographic axes slightly tilted out of the plane resulting in a strong polarization component along the lateral direction. The surface and the phase plots, both along the vertical z-direction and on the x-y plane, have been captured and discussed. In the case of PKN ferroelectric b-axis and ferroelastic c-axis orthogonality relationship in bulk breaks down on the nanoscale observation.
Endoscopic browlift is the preferred approach for rejuvenation of the upper third of the face.

Aging of the upper one third of the face is primarily the result of gravity and loss of elastic tissue support caused by collagen changes in the dermis. This leads to brow ptosis, which can give a crowded or angry appearance to the eye and brow complex. In addition to brow ptosis, the aging brow and forehead may display “hyperkinetic” or “dynamic” facial lines. These furrows are caused by the repeated pull on the skin of underlying facial mimetic muscles. Chronic upward contraction of the frontalis muscle leads to horizontal forehead creases. Repeated frowning overuses the procerus and corrugator supercilii muscles, which causes the development of horizontal creases at the root of the nose and vertical interbrow furrows, respectively. Patients require varying combinations of brow elevation (prior to blepharoplasty), correction of brow asymmetries, and hairline-preserving forehead positioning. Some may only require excisional or paralytic procedures of the corrugator muscles and procerus muscle. Traditional surgical approaches to the aging upper third of the face are varied and include the coronal, pretrichial, direct glabellar, midforehead, and direct browlifts. Nonsurgical approaches include the use of botulinum toxin intramuscular injection. The use of surgical endoscopes and specially designed instruments to achieve these goals via small incisions was first reported in 1984 by Santana. Since that time, a number of refinements in techniques and instrumentation have been made creating a relatively new surgical procedure known as the endoscopic browlift for the correction of the aging forehead. Figure 1 illustrates the various approaches. A MEDLINE literature search was performed for the following medical subject headings: “surgical procedures,” “endoscopic,” and “forehead.” There were no search limits applied; 99 articles were initially found, all of which were published between 1994 and 2000. Of the 99 articles retrieved, 72 pertained to the topic at hand. These 72 could be neatly categorized into the following main topics: review/ overview of technique (n=25); fixation techniques (n=16); technical variations (“how-I-do-it”) (n=16); supraorbital nerve anatomy and management (n=3); complications (n=3); endoscopic resection of the corrugator muscles (solitary procedure) (n=3); subperiosteal vs subgaleal dissection plane (n=3); surgical anatomy (n = 2); and specific instrumentation (n=1). Many of the review/overview articles seemed to serve as introducing this approach to another specialty’s literature. There were no articles that objectively compared the longevity of results with that of traditional procedures.
The hare and the tortoise: taming wireless losses by exploiting wired reliability

Multiple communication channels are common in today's consumer and enterprise networks. For example, a high bandwidth but unreliable wireless network might co-exist with a reliable wired link (EWLANs and neighborhood networks). In this paper, we present a system that uses this reliable wired communication channel to boost the bandwidth of the lossy wireless link. Specifically, we propose a new, efficient partial packet recovery (PPR) technique and adaptive feedback mechanism specially designed to correct partial packets on an 802.11 wireless network using a wired backhaul. Our initial experiments demonstrate up to a 3x improvement over standalone 802.11 and upto a 30% improvement over existing PPR techniques.
Differing cardioprotective efficacy of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitors SEA0400 and KB-R7943.

KB-R7943 and SEA0400 are Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitors with differing potency and selectivity. The cardioprotective efficacy of these NCX inhibitors was examined in isolated rabbit hearts (La...
Two Notes on Optimization

The first notes discusses sensitivity analysis for a general optimal control problem. The theorem establishes the basis for comparative dynamics and comparative statics in economics without using the implicit function theorem. The second note relates to the contributions of William Karush to mathematical programming.
Peptidases in isolated blastomeres of Mytilus edulis.

SummaryAlanylglycine peptidase occurs in unfertilized eggs, cleavage and later developmental stages of Mytilus edulis. Peptidases, with alanylglycine and leucylglycine as substrates, were determined quantitatively in isolated first cleavage blastomeres. No significant differences in activities of these enzymes were found and it is concluded that the segregation of developmental factors at the first cleavage is not related to activities of these enzymes.
What might we mean by a pedagogy of public sociology?: Address to C-SAP Annual Conference, Cardiff, November 22, 2008

The first and most obvious meaning of a pedagogy of public sociology is simply the teaching of public sociology, that is the imparting to students of a skill or particular practice. Here I think of...
Fabrication of biodegradable polymeric nanofibers with covalently attached NO donors.

Many common wound healing aids are created from biodegradable polymeric materials. Often, these materials are unable to induce complete healing in wounds because of their failure to prevent infection and promote cell growth. This study reports the development of therapeutic materials aimed at overcoming these limitations through the release of a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent from a porous, polymeric fiber scaffold. The antimicrobial character was achieved through the release of nitric oxide (NO) while the porous structure was fabricated through electrospinning polymers into nanofibers. Three variations of the polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic-co-hydroxymethyl propionic acid) (PLGH) modified to include thiol and NO groups were investigated. Fibers of the modified polymers exhibited smooth, bead free morphologies with diameters averaging between 200 and 410 nm. These fibers were deposited in a random manner to create a highly porous fibrous scaffold. The fibers were found to release NO under physiol...
Improving College Teaching

(1991). Improving College Teaching. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 237-239.
In vitro culture of Vitis: the effects of light spectrum, manganese sulfate and potassium iodide on morphogenesis

The effects of blue and red light, manganese sulfate concentration (100 and 5 μM), and potassium iodide (5 and 0 μM) on shoot and root production from subcultured shoots of the Vitis hybrid “Remaily Seedless” were studied. Shoot production was greater in blue light. It was increased by lowering the manganese sulfate concentration. The response to manganese in blue light was greatest when there was no potassium iodide addition. Root production was decreased by red light and lower manganese concentration. The effects of manganese, iodide and light spectrum on morphogenesis are discussed in relation to their known effects on IAA metabolism.
Traumatic Therapy: How Helping Rape Victims Affects Me as a Therapist

Summary The personal experience of treating rape victims is discussed in this paper from the perspective of vicarious traumatization and information processing theory. In particular, symptoms experienced by the rape therapist and challenges to her schemas about the world and others are explored. Suggestions for dealing with vicarious traumatization are included.
An Ecological Study of Arthropod Populations on Apple in Northeastern Wisconsin: Phytoseiid Mite Species on the Foliage

Populations of phytoseiid mites on apple foliage were studied in a natural (unsprayed) and 2 artificial (captan and DDT-captan) environmental blocks in a “Northwestern Greening” apple orchard in Door Co., Wisconsin, from 1959 through 1962. Twelve species of phytoseiids were found of which Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster, Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus longipilis Nesbitt, and Amblyseius zwoelferi (Dosse) were the most common in that order. T. caudiglans was far the most common species annually in the check and captan blocks and A. fallacis in the DDT-captan. The latter species' tolerance to DDT increased annually.
ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN.

Mental retardation is essentially a family problem. The physician should provide, with understanding as well as compassion, the same kind of professional support, education, genetic counseling and supervision and care of the child that would be extended to parents of normal children. He should not impose his own feelings and emotions on the family or give abrupt, rigid orders and recommendations. Mentally retarded children have the right to have their capacities developed in accordance with the worth of any human being.
Spatial Distribution of Regional Water Resources & Urban to Be Formed in the Yinchuan Plain

The article is based on analysis of water resources in the town area of the yin chuan plain,using fractal theory combining GIS spatial analysis technology of software,Yinchuan Plain on the spatial distribution of water resources in the analysis of quantitative and concludes the characteristics of concentration distribution of the regional water resources in the yin chuan plain.And based on the morphological characteristic,the distribution of urban spatial relations is analyzed.It thinks water space distribution of centralized characteristics in the yinchuan plain to influence the inhabitants of residence location and development of industry and agriculture,and the urban space pattern formation in the yin chuan plain has close relationship.
Effect of finishing method on the microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of three finishing methods on the microleakage of Class V hybrid resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Facial and lingual Class V cavities were prepared at the cemento-enamel junction of bovine incisors. Restorations of the two materials (Z100; Prodigy) were placed, using the supplied dentin-adhesives (Scotchbond Multipurpose; OptiBond FL, respectively). Finishing methods were carbide (C) and diamond (D) finishing instruments operated at high-speed, and finishing disks (S). After thermal cycling, the teeth were immersed in methylene blue dye, then sections of the restored teeth (n = 12) were visually assessed for leakage. RESULTS No leakage was observed at the resin-enamel interface in any restoration. At gingival margins, the incidence of leakage (slight/severe) was: Z100 D = 4/3, C = 5/3, S = 2/0; Prodigy D = 3/0, C = 2/4, S = 3/2. The greatest incidence of leakage was observed in restorations finished with carbide finishing burs. A two-way ANOVA of leakage data rankings showed no significant difference among the three methods (P = 0.07) or between the two materials (P = 0.55), and no significant interaction of material and finishing method (P = 0.07).
Coastal water column ammonium and nitrite oxidation are decoupled in summer

Abstract Water column nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle as it links reduced and oxidized forms of nitrogen and also provides the substrate (nitrate) needed for reactive nitrogen removal by denitrification. We measured potential water column ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates at four sites along an estuary to continental shelf gradient over two summers. In most cases, nitrite oxidation rates outpaced ammonium oxidation rates. Overall, ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates were higher outside of the estuary, and this trend was primarily driven by higher oxidation rates in deeper waters. Additionally, both ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates were impacted by different in situ variables. Ammonium oxidation rates throughout the water column as a whole were most positively correlated to depth and salinity and negatively correlated to dissolved oxygen and light. In contrast, nitrite oxidation rates throughout the water column were negatively correlated with light and pH. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that while both surface ( 20 m) ammonium oxidation rates were most strongly predicted by depth and light, surface rates were also regulated by salinity and deep rates by temperature. Surface ( + ] (i.e. pH) alone, while salinity, [H + ], temperature, and depth all played a role in predicting deep (>20 m) nitrite oxidation rates. These results support the growing body of evidence that ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation are not always coupled, should be measured separately, and are influenced by different environmental conditions.
Influence of undegraded intake protein on reproductive performance of primiparous beef heifers maintained on stockpiled fescue pasture.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pre- and postpartum undegraded intake protein (UIP) supplementation on body condition score (BCS), BW, calf weight, milk production, serum IGF-I concentrations, and postpartum interval in primiparous beef heifers (n = 44). Heifers were maintained on endophyte-free stockpiled tall fescue (11.7% CP, 38% ADF) and individually fed supplement daily beginning 60 d prepartum. Pre- and postpartum supplements provided 19.3% CP, 83.4% TDN (UIP); 14.1% CP, 84.1% TDN (Control); 21.5% CP, 81.5% TDN (UIP); and 14.6% CP, 81.4% TDN (Control); respectively. Blood meal (146 g/d) was the source of UIP. Six heifers were removed from the study due to calf loss unrelated to treatment; therefore, postpartum measurements are based on 19 animals per treatment. Statistical analyses using ANOVA and a split-plot design revealed no effects of treatment (P > 0.2) on BCS, BW, calf weight, milk production, or postpartum interval. There tended to be a treatment x time interaction on BCS (P 0.7). During the first 30 d postpartum, IGF-I differed (P < 0.01) among heifers with postpartum intervals defined as short, < 50 d (128.9 ng/mL); medium, 51 to 65 d (115.2 ng/mL); and long, 66 to 130 d (52.9 ng/mL). When analyzed as a regression, a 1 ng/mL increase in IGF-I (UIP and Control heifers) at calving (P < 0.05) and throughout the postpartum period (P < 0.01) corresponded to a decrease in postpartum interval of 0.13 d. Based on the results of this study, the inclusion of UIP in diets for primiparous heifers and its effects on postpartum interval warrant further evaluation.
Understanding How Polymer Properties Control OPV Device Performance: Regioregularity, Swelling, and Morphology Optimization Using Random Poly(3-butylthiophene-co-3-octylthiophene) Polymers

The performance of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics is highly sensitive to the morphology of the polymer within the active layer. To tune this morphology, we constructed both blend-cast and sequentially processed BHJ devices from the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), in combination with a series of random poly(3-butylthiophene-co-3-octylthiophene)s with different fractions of each monomer, with the goal of controllably varying the average polymer side-chain length. What we found, however, was that the most important parameter for predicting device performance across this series of polymers was the regioregularity of the particular synthetic batch of polymer used, not the average side-chain length. Moreover, we found that regioregularity affected device performance in different ways depending on the processing route: lower regioregularity led to improved performance for sequentially processed devices, but was detrimental to the performance of b...
Understanding Revision Planning in Peer-Reviewed Writing.

Revision is a core writing skill that presents challenges to both novice and expert writers. Within the context of peer review, peer feedback has the potential to provide rich guidance for revision, especially when making content-level changes. However, authors must review and evaluate each piece of feedback for meaningful critiques that can be applied to further drafts. In this work, we analyzed several factors that influenced students’ decisions to fix or ignore comments they received. We found that feedback on content dimensions, as well as critical remarks by both the reviewers, and by the authors regarding papers they reviewed, were correlated with the amount of revisions made between drafts.
Metal vapor micro-jet controls material redistribution in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

The results of detailed experiments and finite element modeling of metal micro-droplet motion associated with metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes are presented. Ultra high speed imaging of melt pool dynamics reveals that the dominant mechanism leading to micro-droplet ejection in a laser powder bed fusion AM is not from laser induced recoil pressure as is widely believed and found in laser welding processes, but rather from vapor driven entrainment of micro-particles by an ambient gas flow. The physics of droplet ejection under strong evaporative flow is described using simulations of the laser powder bed interactions to elucidate the experimental results. Hydrodynamic drag analysis is used to augment the single phase flow model and explain the entrainment phenomenon for 316 L stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V powder layers. The relevance of vapor driven entrainment of metal micro-particles to similar fluid dynamic studies in other fields of science will be discussed.
The WPA International Guidelines for Diagnostic Assessment.

Diagnostic assessment is a fundamental aspect of clinical care. It involves gathering key information to describe and understand the patient's clinical condition and to organize an effective care plan. The diagnostic model underlying the assessment enterprise should be consistent with up-to-date international standards and be as highly reliable and valid as possible. The actual diagnostic assessment should be conducted from the start with a clear therapeutic goal and tone, engaging the patient and family throughout the process. The need to upgrade along these perspectives the quality of psychiatric diagnostic assessment across the world has led the WPA to organize and carry out since the mid 1990s a project towards the preparation of International Guidelines for Diagnostic Assessment (IGDA). This report briefly describes the background and development of this project, the content of its first product, i.e. the IGDA Essentials Booklet, and its future perspectives.
Microwave Thermal Emission Characteristics of a Two-Layer Medium With Rough Interfaces Using the Second-Order Small Perturbation Method

The second-order small perturbation method is applied to investigate brightness temperature corrections caused by the rough interfaces of a two-layer medium. The spectral weighting functions of the two rough interfaces are extracted from the solution, and their properties examined. It is found that the functions are identical for the two interfaces as the spectral variable approaches zero, indicating an identical weighting of the surface height variance on each interface and an additive effect on the brightness temperature at nadir. Sample results for some realistic scenarios show that surface roughness in a two-layer medium can increase or decrease the observed brightness temperature at shallower angles, and in the case of a wideband measurement, can shift the interference pattern in frequency.
Variability in common synaptic input to motor neurons modulates both force steadiness and pegboard time in young and older adults.

KEY POINTS The fluctuations in force during a steady isometric contraction (force steadiness) are associated with oscillations in common synaptic input to the involved motor neurons. Decreases in force steadiness are associated with increases in pegboard times in older adults, although a mechanism for this link has not been established. We used a state-space model to estimate the variability in common synaptic input to motor neurons during steady, isometric contractions. The estimate of common synaptic input was derived from the discharge times of motor units as recorded with high-density surface electrodes. We found that the variability in common synaptic input to motor neurons modulates force steadiness for young and older adults, as well as pegboard time for older adults. ABSTRACT We investigated the associations between grooved pegboard times, force steadiness (coefficient of variation for force) and variability in an estimate of the common synaptic input to motor neurons innervating the wrist extensor muscles during steady contractions performed by young and older adults. The discharge times of motor units were derived from recordings obtained with high-density surface electrodes when participants performed steady isometric contractions at 10% and 20% of maximal voluntary contraction force. The steady contractions were performed with a pinch grip and wrist extension, both independently (single action) and concurrently (double action). The variance in common synaptic input to motor neurons was estimated with a state-space model of the latent common input dynamics. There was a statistically significant association between the coefficient of variation for force during the steady contractions and the estimated variance in common synaptic input in young (r2 = 0.31) and older (r2 = 0.39) adults, although not between either the mean or the coefficient of variation for interspike interval of single motor units with the coefficient of variation for force. Moreover, the estimated variance in common synaptic input during the double-action task with the wrist extensors at the 20% target was significantly associated with grooved pegboard time (r2 = 0.47) for older adults but not young adults. These findings indicate that longer pegboard times of older adults were associated with worse force steadiness and greater fluctuations in the estimated common synaptic input to motor neurons during steady contractions.
Effect of marketing treatments and transportation on feeder pig performance.

During four 6-wk trials, 376 university-raised, crossbred feeder pigs were used to determine the effects of fasting (no feed or water) vs providing feed plus water or water alone at the simulated market and a 563-km transport on shrinkage and subsequent health and performance. Providing feed and water or water alone during a 12-h market simulation for Trials 1, 2 and 4 or a 24-h period for Trial 3 did not affect subsequent rate of gain (ADG) or feed efficiency (F/G) compared with pigs fasted during the market stay. However, overall shrinkage (market phase plus transportation) of pigs provided feed and water at the market was less (P less than .05) than for fasted pigs (4.0 vs 8.4% for Trials 1, 2 and 4; 4.5 vs 11.8% for Trial 3). Transporting the fasted or nonfasted feeder pig 563 k did not affect subsequent health or performance. Overall shrinkage of the fasted pigs that were transported 563 km vs those that were not transported during Trial 4 was not different (8.8 vs 9.1%; P greater than .05). In conclusion, one-owner feeder pigs can cope with the stress of fasting and transporting long distances without any extended detrimental effects on subsequent health and performance.
The effectiveness of a pinch hitter video in helping non-pilots survive a pilot incapacitation emergency

The aim of this research was to determine the survival prospects of non-pilot passengers in light aircraft if the pilot suddenly became incapacitated. Specifically, 2 groups were studied; one that had no prior exposure to aircraft control, and one that viewed the Air Safety Foundation's Pinch Hitter Course. 13 Middle Tennessee State University students with no previous flight training were divided into an experimental group and a control group. After the experimental group had viewed the Pinch Hitter Course, each participant was placed into a flight training device with a pilot. The pilot conducted a take-off and flew normally for several minutes. At a predetermined point, the pilot simulated incapacitation, and the subject attempted to control and land the aircraft to the best of his or her ability. The results of the simulation were analyzed to determine if the experimental group more successfully controlled the aircraft, manipulated the radios, and navigated the aircraft. Additionally, attitude and speed of the aircraft when it returned to Earth were used to determine each subject's probability of survival. The researcher hypothesized that the there would be no difference between the 2 groups as to survivability. Results indicated that, though the experimental group was noticeably better at controlling the aircraft and had a lower average airspeed during touchdown than the control group, the video made no difference in overall survivability.
192 IgG-Saporin-Induced Partial Cortical Cholinergic Deafferentation as a Model for Determining the Interactions Between Brain Aging and Neurodevelopmental Defects in the Cortical Cholinergic Input System

The anti-p75-immunotoxin 192 immunoglobulin G-saporin (192 IgG-sap) has been instrumental in testing the hypothesis that the integrity of the cortical cholinergic input system is necessary for the mediation of a wide range of attentional functions and capacities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). As discussed elsewhere (11), attentional functions represent a crucial set of cognitive variables that contribute to the efficacy of learning and recalling of declarative information. Thus, impairments in attentional abilities rapidly yield escalating impairments in learning and memory. Different types of dysregulation of cortical cholinergic transmission have been hypothesized to mediate the diverse attentional impairments that are characteristic of major neuropsychiatric disorders and that contribute to the manifestation of the main cognitive symptoms of these disorders (12, 13, 14, 15, 16).
Sodium modification of zirconia catalysts for ethanol coupling to 1-butanol

Abstract The influences of adding sodium to zirconia on the acid-base properties of the surface and on the catalytic conversion of ethanol and acetone were investigated. The rates of ethanol dehydration, dehydrogenation and coupling were evaluated in a fixed-bed flow reactor operating at temperatures from 613 to 673 K. The rate of acetone condensation was evaluated in the same reactor operating at 473–573 K. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 decreased the rate of ethanol dehydration by more than an order of magnitude, which was consistent with a neutralization of acid sites evaluated by ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 also increased the base site density quantified by carbon dioxide adsorption microcalorimetry and the rate of acetone condensation. Although the rate of ethanol coupling was not increased by the addition of Na, the overall selectivity of ethanol to butanol was improved over the 1.0 wt% Na/ZrO2 sample because of the significant inhibition of ethanol dehydration.
Does total testicular volume predict testicular volume difference in adolescent males with varicocele

INTRODUCTION We evaluated the relationship between total testicular volume (TTV) and testicular volume differential (TVD) in adolescent males with varicocele. Both low TTV and high TVD have been independently associated with higher incidences of infertility later in life, but a predictive relationship between TTV and TVD directly has yet to be described. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a database of Tanner 5 boys ages 16-21 who presented with varicocele at a single institution between 2009 and 2017. All patients had a scrotal sonogram prior to surgical intervention. TTV and TVD were calculated for each individual and four non-exclusive groupings of patients were created for statistical analysis. We chose 30 cc as a cut off value for low TTV based on prior studies. RESULTS 209 patients met our inclusion criteria. Mean age was 18.3 years (16-21, SD 1.7) with a mean total testicular volume of 36 cc (13.5-78.2, SD 11.1). Cut off points of TVD of 20% and TTV of 30 cc were used to separate patients. There were 65 boys (31%) with TTV 0.05). DISCUSSION Adolescent varicoceles continue to pose a challenge to pediatric urologists. The dilemma of over-aggressive treatment has proven difficult to balance with the risk of infertility. We hoped that elucidating the relationship between TTV and TVD could be useful in identifying patients who are at greater risk for infertility while decreasing the need for more intrusive testing, such as semen analysis, in an adolescent population. We looked at the direct relationship between low TTV and high TVD. In our population, there was a non-significant relationship between TTV 0.05) indicating that in adolescents with varicocele, TTV and TVD are independent variables. Our study limitations include the inherent user dependent bias of ultrasound measurements and data collection at a single institution with high ethnic diversity, possibly not comparable to all patient populations. CONCLUSIONS Low TTV (< 30 cc) itself is not predictive of high TVD (≥ 20%) in adolescent boys with varicocele, despite their reported independent associations with impaired fertility in other studies.
Programming to Close Knowledge, Network, and Capital Gaps

Although building pipelines and selecting promising entrepreneurs are critical antecedents to a successful accelerator program, most of the work that accelerators do relates to designing and implementing the actual accelerator experience. This experience, which is constrained to unfold within a fixed time window, must identify and close the various knowledge, network, and capital gaps that sit between promising ideas and successful companies. This chapter elaborates this knowledge-networks-capital framework to show how various program choices influence the effects that accelerators have on participating entrepreneurs. By definition, the major design features are determined by the model itself. All accelerators run cohorts of entrepreneurs through fixed-duration programs that emphasize investment readiness. However, they differ in the myriad of smaller programmatic choices that they make. The EDP data show how few of the differences relating to curriculum structure, design, and delivery help distinguish high-NFF programs from their low-NFF counterparts. However, important differences appear when attention shifts to how entrepreneurs spend their time during the program, and how investment is channeled into the more promising ventures.
Degrees of untranslatability: Muhammad Shukri’s quest for representation

The publication history of Moroccan writer Muhammad Shukri’s autobiographical book Al-khubz al-hafi is paradigmatic of the role played by national contexts in the reception of world literature, and...
Changing up BN-Polystyrene: Effect of Substitution Pattern on the Free-Radical Polymerization and Polymer Properties

Azaborinine-substituted polymers are poised to dramatically expand the diversity and functionality of polystyrenes via BN for CC substitution, but this new class of materials remains underexplored....
The affinity of theme and technique in the novels of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Bernard Malamud

ion to concentrate on the words "history" and "culture" because, while circumstance and environment greatly afreet the life of a people, contradiction and conflict are basic to human nature. With these qualifications in mind it is still fair to say America is a land in which the friction between dream and reality has been especially felt and especially potent in influencing the lives of its individual people. Our artist, especially our writer, with his more sensitized nature and habits of close observation and analysis is likelj"* to be most conscious and most consciously disturbed by the discrepancies in nature in general, and the American environment will deepen this av/areness. It may be impossible to conceive of a disillusioned Puritan, as Perry tliller contends (6o), but it is fairly easy to understand the partial but deep-seated disillusionment — what Alfred Kazin calls "their deep and 7 subtle alienation . . ♦ on native grounds" — in writers like Nathaniel Hawthorne and Bernard Malamud which moves their already skeptical natures to plumb the traf-ical, ambiguous depths of experience. Hawthorhe's own nature and personal heritage did much to develop his absorption in the conflictin;; fi^cets in human nature and in American life — and in the isolation which they engendered in the aware, A long period of his life, I825 to I837, was spent largely alone in his room in Salem tr^/ing to become a writer. Kot only were these years of self-imprisonment his viriting apprenticeship but also a search for self-knowledge. "He was almost as i.iuch a puz'/.le to himself • « . as he was to anyone else» He seemed, in fact, to be two men; and the one vras constatitly in the attitude of watching and conunenting on the other,V/ith one hand Hawthorne reached out for solitude but with the other often pushed aside his painfu'l loneliness and turned to the companionship of warm friends such as Franklin Pierce and Horatio Bridge and, after 18^1-2, his beloved 3op:-.ia. It seems his tendency toward solitude sometimes filled };iia with guilt or, at least, grave doubts as to its rightness so he fluctuated betueen secrecy and selfrevelation, bct;;cen a literary concentration on the virtues and suffering of the isolated man and the need for social responsibility and
Metasurface Design for Cross-polarization Conversion and Absorption Applications

In this paper, a reflective metasurface working as an efficient cross-polarizer as well as absorber in microwave frequency regime is presented. The proposed metasurface is composed of a metallic split-ring resonator (SRR) along with four orthogonally placed stubs with it. The surface transforms linearly-polarized wave into its cross-counterpart over three operating bands; 3.4-3.6 GHz, 5.3-5.4 GHz, and 10.5-10.9 GHz. The achieved polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is above 60% within the operating frequency bands. The surface also acts as an absorber for normally incident wave over another frequency band 16.9-17.2 GHz.
Hepatitis C: looking into the future

The recent availability of highly effective hepatitis C medications, with a cure rate approaching 100%, has created a wide range of questions and uncertainties. The most recent data around hepatiti...
Health Reform: The Policy

The passage of the ACA on March 21, 2010 was notable for many reasons. It was the most consequential health policy change enacted since Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, and one of the most comprehensive pieces of social legislation ever. It provided a route from the current 16–17% of the population lacking health insurance to 5–6% who will remain uninsured in 2020. It fills in the gap between employer-based insurance provided as a benefit of employment and government programs for the poor and elderly with a mandate for individuals to purchase coverage if they are not otherwise insured.
Constructing E. coli Co-Cultures for De Novo Biosynthesis of Natural Product Acacetin.

Modular co-culture engineering is an emerging approach for biosynthesis of complex natural products. In this study, microbial co-cultures composed of two and three Escherichia coli strains, respectively, are constructed for de novo biosynthesis of flavonoid acacetin, a value-added natural compound possessing numerous demonstrated biological activities, from simple carbon substrate glucose. To this end, the heterologous biosynthetic pathway is divided into different modules, each of which is accommodated in a dedicated E. coli strain for functional expression. After the optimization of the inoculation ratio between the constituent strains, the engineered co-cultures show a 4.83-fold improvement in production comparing to the mono-culture controls. Importantly, cultivation of the three-strain co-culture in shake flasks result in the production of 20.3 mg L-1 acacetin after 48 h. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on acacetin de novo biosynthesis in a heterologous microbial host. The results of this work confirm the effectiveness of modular co-culture engineering for complex flavonoid biosynthesis.
Mobile ipv4 secure access to home networks

With the fast development of wireless networks and devices, Mobile IP is expected to be used widely so that mobile users can access the Internet anywhere, anytime without interruption. However, some problems, such as firewall traversal and use of private IP addresses, restrict use of Mobile IP. The objective of this thesis is to design original schemes that can enable a mobile node at abroad to access its home network as well as the Internet securely and that can help Mobile IP to be used widely and commercially. Our solutions are secure, efficient, and scalable. They can be implemented and maintained easily. In this thesis, we mainly consider Mobile IPv4, instead of Mobile IPv6. Three research topics are discussed. In each topic, the challenges are investigated and the new solutions are presented. The first research topic solves the firewall traversal problems in Mobile IP. A mobile node cannot access its firewall-protected home network if it fails the authentication by the firewall. We propose that an IPsec tunnel be established between the firewall and the foreign agent for firewall traversal and that an IPsec transport security association be shared by the mobile node and a correspondent node for end-to-end security. The second topic researches further on firewall traversal problems and investigates the way of establishing security associations among network entities. A new security model and a new key distribution method are developed. With the help of the security model and keys, the firewall and the relevant network entities set up IPsec security associations to achieve firewall traversal. A mobile node from a private home network cannot communicate with other hosts with its private home address when it is visiting a public foreign network. A novel and useful solution is presented in the third research topic. We suggest that the mobile node use its Network Access Identifier (NAI) as its identification and obtain a public home address from its home agent. In addition, a new tunnel between the mobile node and its home agent is proposed.
Genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Purpose of review Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which include genetic and nongenetic forms, is the most common form of cardiomyopathy. DCM is characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation with impaired contraction. In the United States, DCM is a burden to healthcare that accounts for approximately 10,000 deaths and 46,000 hospitalizations annually. In this review, we will focus on the genetic forms of DCM and on recent advances in the understanding of cytoskeletal, sarcomeric, desmosomal, nuclear membrane, and RNA binding genes that contribute to the complexity and genetic heterogeneity of DCM. Recent findings Although mutations in TTN remain the most common identifiable cause of genetic DCM, there is a growing appreciation for arrhythmogenic-prone DCM due to mutations in LMNA, desmosomal genes, and the recently described FLNC gene encoding the structural filamin C protein. Mutations in RBM20 highlight the relevance of RNA splicing regulation in the pathogenesis of DCM. Although expanded genetic testing has improved access to genetic diagnostic studies for many patients, the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease remained largely unknown. Summary : The identification of the molecular causes and subsequent insight into the molecular mechanisms of DCM is expanding our understanding of DCM pathogenesis and highlights the complexity of DCM and the need to develop multifaceted strategies to treat the various causes of DCM.
Will a Policy of Preemptive Self-Defense Make Us All Safer?

Under the stress of technological changes in weaponry, the prohibition on unilateral resort to the use of force in the United Nations Charter has come under pressure for change. “Armed attack” as the justification for exercising a right of self-defense as the exclusive justification for the right of self-defense has yielded to “anticipatory self-defense” and is now further challenged by the claim of so-called “preemptive self-defense”. The tension with North Korea raises the question of whether allowing preemptive self-defense can actually contribute to international security by restraining the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The lecture analyzes the differences between self-defense, anticipatory self-defense and preemptive self-defense, some of the claims made by the United States in this regard and whether these developments promise greater security or undermine it.