cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional and structural alterations of the glomerular permeability barrier in experimental galactosemia

Functional and structural alterations of the glomerular permeability barrier in experimental galactosemia. Experimental galactosemia, induced by feeding rats a galactose enriched diet, reproduces many of the neural and ocular complications of diabetes and induces protein glycation and polyol accumulation. To explore the role of these biochemical abnormalities in the pathogenesis of glomerular injury, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either a 50% galactose or 50% glucose diet. After two months, galactose fed rats exhibited elevated excretory rates of protein, albumin, and IgG. Blebbing and ballooning of the glomerular epithelial cells were apparent in rats on the galactose supplemented diet. Morphometric evaluation of the glomeruli revealed an increase in the fractional and absolute volume of the glomerular epithelial cells, but glomerular and mesangial volume, basement membrane thickness, and epithelial foot process width were similar on the two diets. Glycation of the glomerular basement membrane was increased in the galactose fed rats. Glomerular micropuncture revealed similar glomerular pressures and flow rates on the two diets. Aldose reductase inhibition had no effect on galactose induced proteinuria. These results suggest that biochemical abnormalities such as protein glycation may be important in the pathogenesis of altered glomerular permselectivity in diabetic nephropathy.
Whole Language and Collaboration Work Evidence from At-Risk Kindergarteners

Children from low-SES backgrounds are considered to be at-risk for academic failure, particularly with respect to development of written language. This report compares the reading gains of low-SES,...
Analytical calculation of input impedance of rectangular microstrip patch antennas on finite ground planes

A heuristic, analytically-based algorithm is proposed in this paper that calculates the input impedance for the canonical model of a probe-fed, rectangular microstrip patch antenna on a finite, rectangular ground plane. The cavity-model formula for the input impedance of a probe-fed microstrip antenna on an infinite ground plane is modified by incorporating the substrate and ground plane truncation in terms of the corresponding surface wave quality factor, Q/sup finite//sub sw/. Initial results from this heuristic technique, when compared against the rigorous (full-wave) numerical techniques in the IE3D or FIDELITY softwares, exhibit similar trends but different numerical values in impedance variations. These results further suggest that a fast algorithm is feasible for design of wideband microstrip patches on finite ground planes, which can be further optimized via CAD tools for realizing wideband characteristics on finite ground planes.
Individual and Contextual Effects on Stress and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Prison Staff.

In a study of personnel who work in ten New York State prisons, we examine the extent to which stress and job satisfaction are influenced by both individual and organizational-level characteristics...
Room temperature deposition of silicon by arrayed DC microplasmas

This paper reports room temperature deposition of silicon in spatially localized areas of a micro-chip through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using micro-plasmas. DC microplasmas are generated on a patterned Ti arrayed electrode structure employing multiple cathodes and a single anode. At the operating pressures used, the plasma glow is confined to the region directly over the powered cathodes only. Powering these microplasmas in a silane ambient allows selected deposition of silicon to only the energized cathodes. Silicon is deposited at 6.7-15.9 nm/min. corresponding to microplasma cathode power densities of 3.65-9.35 W/cm/sup 2/, with the substrate heated to 300/spl deg/C. At room temperature deposition rates up to 7.5 nm/min. are realized. A new plasma coupling technique for creating controlled variations in a sub-array of unbiased electrodes is also described.
Group-based management of distributed file caches

We describe a way to manage distributed file system caches based upon groups of files that are accessed together. We use file access patterns to automatically construct dynamic groupings of files and then manage our cache by fetching groups, rather than single files. We present experimental results, based on trace-driven workloads, demonstrating that grouping improves cache performance. At the file system client, grouping can reduce LRU demand fetches by 50 to 60%. At the server cache hit rate improvements are much more pronounced, but vary widely (20 to over 1200%) depending upon the capacity of intervening caches. Our treatment includes information theoretic results that justify our approach to file grouping.
Applying Catholic Social Teachings to Ethical Issues in Marketing

This article updates earlier work by the authors and proposes the social teachings of the Roman Catholic Church to be an encompassing and coherent normative theory, a source of principles that addr...
The Development of Hyper-Dual Numbers for Exact Second-Derivative Calculations

The complex-step approximation for the calculation of derivative information has two significant advantages: the formulation does not suffer from subtractive cancellation errors and it can provide exact derivatives without the need to search for an optimal step size. However, when used for the calculation of second derivatives that may be required for approximation and optimization methods, these advantages vanish. In this work, we develop a novel calculation method that can be used to obtain first (gradient) and second (Hessian) derivatives and that retains all the advantages of the complex-step method (accuracy and step-size independence). In order to accomplish this task, a new number system which we have named hyper-dual numbers and the corresponding arithmetic have been developed. The properties of this number system are derived and explored, and the formulation for derivative calculations is presented. Hyper-dual number arithmetic can be applied to arbitrarily complex software and allows the derivative calculations to be free from both truncation and subtractive cancellation errors. A numerical implementation on an unstructured, parallel, unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) solver, Joe, is created using C++ operator overloading. Results are presented demonstrating the potential of this method in computations of relevance to the analysis and design of multi-disciplinary aerospace systems.
Utility of organophosphorus hydrolase for the remediation of mutagenicity of methyl parathion

The pesticide methyl parathion (MP) is widely distributed in the environment and is chemically similar to nerve agents used in chemical warfare. Detoxification of this class of compounds is a critical environmental concern. Toxicity of MP is primarily associated with the inhibition of cholinesterase activity and resulting effects on the nervous system. Methyl parathion can also induce a genotoxic effect in bacterial and mammalian cells. However, the major metabolite of MP degradation, p-nitrophenol (PNP), is generally considered less toxic. This study reports on the evaluation of the genotoxic effect of MP, PNP, and a 1:1 MP:PNP mixture, and the utility of an organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme for degradation of MP. Although MP induced a positive genotoxic response in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 at a dose of 1,000 μg per plate, PNP and a 1:1 mixture of PNP and MP did not induce a positive response. Methyl parathion dissolved in Luria-Bertani broth containing 5% methanol was treated with genetically engineered intact Escherichia coli cells expressing OPH activity. Significant rates of MP biodegradation were observed in the liquid culture. Within 55 h, an average 95.5% of the MP was converted to PNP as measured spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic potential of extracts of OPH-treated and untreated MP-amended media was measured with S. typhimurium strain TA100. The untreated media induced a dose-dependent genotoxic response at a dose equivalent to 54 ml of medium (MP 0.025 mg/ml) per plate, whereas the OPH-treated media failed to induce a genotoxic response. Chemical analysis indicated that about 90% of MP was removed from the media by treatment with OPH enzyme. These studies indicate that the OPH enzyme is capable of degrading MP and eliminating its genotoxic potential in liquid culture.
Decentralized Adaptive Control for A Class of Nonlinear Time-Varying Interconnected Systems

In this paper, we propose decentralized adaptive control for a class of nonlinear time-varying interconnected systems. The overall system may be represented as a set of decentralized linear time-varying subsystems with time-varying nonlinear interconnections. We first analyze the effect of the time variations of parameters and interactions for the adaptive system and show that the proposed decentralized adaptive system is ultimately bounded with respect to a residual set. Then under the assumption that the structure of the linear time-varying subsystem is known a priori, we show that the proposed decentralized adaptive control scheme is capable of tracking a local reference trajectory for each subsystem asymptotically with a smaller residual set. A simulation of two identical pendulums which are coupled by a moving spring is presented to validate our conclusions.
Calculating microbial growth rates from data on production and standing stocks

Growth rates of microbial assemblages are com- monly estimated from data on biomass or cell abundance and rates of biomass or cell production. There are 2 algorithms for calculating growth rates from these data. One is to extrapo- late from the measured standing stock (B0) to another stand- ing stock level using the measured production rate. The growth rate is then calculated as ln((PT + B0)/B0)/T where P is the production rate and T is a specific time interval which is 1d when the growth rate is expressed with units of d -1 . I argue here that this algorithm is conceptually incorrect and can underestimate the actual growth rate. The most appropri- ate approach is the simplest, that is, to divide the production rate by the estimate of biomass or cell abundance (P/B). Addi- tionally, propagation of errors analysis indicates that the uncertainty associated with growth rates estimates calculated from P/B is lower than that calculated from ln((PT + B0)/B0)/T.
Synthesis and regulation of chlorogenic acid in potato: Rerouting phenylpropanoid flux in HQT‐silenced lines

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the major phenolic sink in potato tubers and can constitute over 90% of total phenylpropanoids. The regulation of CGA biosynthesis in potato and the role of the CGA biosynthetic gene hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) was characterized. A sucrose induced accumulation of CGA correlated with the increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) rather than HQT. Transient expression of the potato MYB transcription factor StAN1 (anthocyanin 1) in tobacco increased CGA. RNAi suppression of HQT resulted in over a 90% reduction in CGA and resulted in early flowering. The reduction in total phenolics and antioxidant capacity was less than the reduction in CGA, suggesting flux was rerouted into other phenylpropanoids. Network analysis showed distinct patterns in different organs, with anthocyanins and phenolic acids showing negative correlations in leaves and flowers and positive in tubers. Some flavonols increased in flowers, but not in leaves or tubers. Anthocyanins increased in flowers and showed a trend to increase in leaves, but not tubers. HQT suppression increased biosynthesis of caffeoyl polyamines, some of which are not previously reported in potato. Decreased PAL expression and enzyme activity was observed in HQT suppressed lines, suggesting the existence of a regulatory loop between CGA and PAL. Electrophysiology detected no effect of CGA suppression on potato psyllid feeding. Collectively, this research showed that CGA in potatoes is synthesized through HQT and HQT suppression altered phenotype and redirected phenylpropanoid flux.
Low metabolic rate in scorpions: implications for population biomass and cannibalism

Scorpions are abundant in arid areas, where their population biomass may exceed that of vertebrates. Since scorpions are predators of small arthropods and feed infrequently across multi-year lifespans, a parsimonious explanation for their observed, anomalously high biomass may be a depressed metabolic rate (MR). We tested the hypothesis that scorpion MR is significantly depressed compared with that of other arthropods, and we also measured the temperature-dependence of the MR of scorpions to quantify the interaction between large seasonal variations in desert temperatures and MR and, thus, long-term metabolic expenditure. Scorpion MR increased markedly with temperature (mean Q(10)=2.97) with considerable inter-individual variation. At 25 degrees C, the MRs of scorpions from two genera were less than 24 % of those of typical terrestrial arthropods (spiders, mites, solpugids and insects) of the same mass. It is likely, therefore, that the low MR of scorpions contributes to their high biomass in arid areas. The combination of high biomass and high production efficiency associated with low MR may also favor a density-dependent "transgenerational energy storage" strategy, whereby juveniles are harvested by cannibalistic adults that may be closely related to their juvenile prey.
The lunar semidiurnal wind variations at Hongkong and Uppsala

The lunar semidiurnal variations of the wind at anemometer level are determined from 67 years of Hongkong data and 84 years of Uppsala data. The amplitudes agree in order of magnitude with theory, but they do not show the theoretically expected increase with latitude. The tidal wind vectors turn in the direction opposite to that predicted by the theory, confirming earlier determinations at five other stations.
Autoantigen 1 of the guinea pig sperm acrosome is the homologue of mouse Tpx-1 and human TPX1 and is a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family.

We have cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding autoantigen 1 (AA1), a testis-specific protein and the major autoantigen of the guinea pig sperm acrosome. The cDNA predicts a precursor protein of 244 amino acids including a 21 amino acid hydrophobic, secretory signal sequence. The mature polypeptide is predicted to have a molecular mass of 24,891 Daltons which agrees with the experimentally determined molecular weight of 25,000. Consistent with previous studies demonstrating that AA1 is not a glycoprotein, the predicted amino acid sequence contained no canonical sites for N-linked glycosylation. Comparison with other sequences showed that AA1 is the guinea pig homologue of the testis-specific protein Tpx-1 in mice and TPX1 in humans. AA1 also showed significant amino acid sequence homology with other cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP's) : rat and mouse acidic epididymal glycoproteins (AEG ; also known as proteins D/E in rats) and helothermine, a toxin from the Mexican beaded lizard. In addition, AA1 had a lesser degree of homology with antigen 5 (vespid wasp venom), PR-1 (a plant pathogenesis related protein), and GliPR (a protein identified in human gliomas). Northern analysis of RNA from purified guinea pig spermatogenic cells showed that a 1.5 kb message was first detected in pachytene spermatocytes, was strongest in round spermatids, and was detected at a low level in condensing spermatids. Immunoblot analysis and metabolic labeling data of AA1 in spermatogenic cells showed that the protein was synthesized as early as the pachytene spermatocyte stage of spermatogenesis. Thus, the patterns of AA1 mRNA and protein expression during spermatogenesis are similar to the expression of other acrosomal mRNAs and proteins that are first detected meiotically.
Postwar Stages of Development of the Puerto Rican Economy

The development of Puerto Rico is often described as following three stages: Light Industry, Heavy Industry, and Tax Incentives. The stages of the development of Puerto Rico will be presented and evaluated. Policy recommendations are made to confront what might be call the 'Fourth Stage' of development which is unfolding at the moment, following the elimination of Section 936 of the U.S. Code, which was the pillar of the Third Stage.
Next-Generation Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Sequential Outbreaks Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at a Large Academic Burn Center

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis has emerged as a promising molecular epidemiological method for investigating health care-associated outbreaks. Here, we used NGS to investigate a 3-year outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) at a large academic burn center. A reference genome from the index case was generated using de novo assembly of PacBio reads. Forty-six MDRAB isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and sequenced using an Illumina platform. After mapping to the index case reference genome, four samples were excluded due to low coverage, leaving 42 samples for further analysis. Multilocus sequence types (MLST) and the presence of acquired resistance genes were also determined from the sequencing data. A transmission network was inferred from genomic and epidemiological data using a Bayesian framework. Based on single-nucleotide variant (SNV) differences, this MDRAB outbreak represented three sequential outbreaks caused by distinct clones. The first and second outbreaks were caused by sequence type 2 (ST2), while the third outbreak was caused by ST79. For the second outbreak, the MLST and PFGE results were discordant. However, NGS-based SNV typing detected a recombination event and consequently enabled a more accurate phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of resistance genes varied among the three outbreaks. The first- and second-outbreak strains possessed a blaOXA-23-like group, while the third-outbreak strains harbored a blaOXA-40-like group. NGS-based analysis demonstrated the superior resolution of outbreak transmission networks for MDRAB and provided insight into the mechanisms of strain diversification between sequential outbreaks through recombination.
The early neurologic signs and symptoms of HIV infection

Since the earliest days of the HIV pandemic, the acute and subacute phases of infection have been characterized by some extent of CNS involvement,1 most prominently aseptic meningitis.2 These early reports were hampered by the variable availability of tests for the presence of antibodies to HIV (ELISA in 1985, Western blot in 1987) and the lack of quantitative assays for viral RNA until the early 2000s.
No Rest for the Weary: Why Cities Should Embrace Homeless Encampments

Partly due to their visible nature, homeless encampments are often at the core of the debate about how local governments should deal with homelessness. This brief describes why encampments exist and the many benefits that encampments can provide to their residents. In addition, the brief examines the disruptions of encampments by local governments, most commonly known as “sweeps.” The findings indicate that disruptions of encampments are ineffective, traumatizing to residents, and potentially unconstitutional. The brief concludes with recommendations to policymakers on how they can embrace encampments without failing to pursue more permanent solutions to homelessness.
Use of Multiple Imputation Models in Medical Device Trials

Missing data are a common problem with data sets in most clinical trials, including those dealing with devices. Imputation, or filling in the missing values, is an intuitive and flexible way to handle the incomplete data sets that arise because of such missing data. Here we present several imputation strategies and their theoretical background, as well as some current examples and advice on computation. Our focus is on multiple imputation, which is a statistically valid strategy for handling missing data. The analysis of a multiply imputed data set is now relatively standard, for example in SAS and in Stata. The creation of multiply imputed data sets is more challenging but still straightforward relative to other valid methods of handling missing data. Singly imputed data sets almost always lead to invalid inferences and should be eschewed.
A multiscale approach for tensor denoising

As higher-order datasets become more common, researchers are primarily focused on how to analyze and compress them. However, the most common challenge encountered in any type of data, including tensor data, is noise. Furthermore, the methods developed for denoising vector or matrix type datasets cannot be applied directly to higherorder datasets. This motivates the development of denoising methods for tensors. In this paper, we propose the use of a multiscale approach for denoising general higher-order datasets. The proposed approach works by decomposing the higher-order data into subtensors, and then denoises the subtensors by recursively exploiting filtered residuals. The method is validated on both hyperspectral image and brain functional connectivity network data.
Alcohol Oxidation at Platinum–Gas and Platinum–Liquid Interfaces: The Effect of Platinum Nanoparticle Size, Water Coadsorption, and Alcohol Concentration

Alcohol oxidation reaction over platinum nanoparticles with size ranging from 2 to 8 nm deposited on mesoporous silica MCF-17 was studied in the gas and liquid phases. Among methanol, ethanol, 2- propanol, and 2-butanol oxidations, the turnover frequency increased as the nanoparticle size became large in both reaction phases. The activation energy in the gas phase was higher than that in the liquid phase. Water coadsorption decreased the turnover rate of all the gas and liquid phase oxidations except for the gas-phase 2-butanol case, while a certain amount of water promoted 2-propanol oxidation in the liquid phase. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy study and DFT calculation revealed that the alcohol molecules pack horizontally on the metal surface in low concentration and stand up in high concentration, which affects the dissociation of β-hydrogen of the alcohol as the critical step in alcohol oxidation.
Deep learning over diurnal and other environmental effects

We study the transfer learning behavior of a Hybrid Deep Network (HDN) applied to a challenging longwave infrared hyperspectral dataset, consisting of radiance from several manmade and natural materials within a fixed site located 500 m from an observation tower, over multiple full diurnal cycles and different atmospheric conditions. The HDN architecture adopted in this study stakes a number of Restricted Boltzmann Machines to form a deep belief network for generative pre-training, or initialization of weight parameters, and then combines with a discriminative learning procedure that fine-tune all of the weights jointly to improve the network’s performance. After fine-tuning, a network with three hidden layers forms a very good generative model of the joint distribution of spectral data and their labels, despite of significant data variability observed between and within classes due to environmental and temperature variation, occurring within full diurnal cycles. We argue, however, that more question are raised than answers are provided regarding the generalization capacity of these deep nets through experiments aimed for investigating their training and transfer learning behavior in the longwave infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Dermatoses in the Feline Patient: A Review of Allergic Skin Disease in Cats.

Feline allergic skin disease presents a unique set of challenges to the veterinary practitioner. Although there is some similarity to what is seen in the allergic canine patient, cutaneous hypersensitivity dermatoses in cats can manifest with strikingly different clinical signs, treatment options and outcomes, and secondary complications/disease entities. Additionally, less is known about the pathogenesis of feline allergic skin diseases, particularly “feline atopic syndrome” when compared to dogs or people. This article aims to review what is currently known in regards to allergic skin disease in the feline patient, with focus on non-flea, non-food hypersensitivity dermatitis.
Finding Common Ground: COSO's Control Frameworks and the Levers of Control

ABSTRACT We examine the extent to which the 2013 COSO Internal Control—Integrated Framework (ICIF) succeeds in the goal to expand its application beyond a compliance framework. We do so by mapping ...
“There is a secret down here, in this nightmare fog”: Urban-Industrial Gothic in Nineteenth-Century American Periodicals

This essay begins with a real story that has a few particularly Gothic elements: a dead woman, a cemetery, and a will. The pictured grave marker [see Figure 1], located in Lowell, Massachusetts, is...
Utilizing data mining techniques to predict expected freeway travel time from experienced travel time

Abstract As the most important real-time traveler information, travel time can be either experienced or expected (i.e. to be experienced). When a vehicle completes a trip, the travel time refers to the experienced travel time. In contrast, when a vehicle starts its journey, the travel time is unknown but can be predicted, which is the expected travel time. Although the experienced travel time is termed as the real-time travel time, a traveler may encounter a somewhat different travel time (from expected travel time) due to the changing traffic conditions. Therefore, expected travel time needs to be predicted. In this study, the expected travel time was predicted from the experienced travel time using the data mining techniques such as k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), least squares regression boosting (LSBoost) and Kalman filter (KF) methods. After comparing the performances of KF to corresponding modeling techniques from both link and corridor perspectives, it is concluded that the KF method offers superior prediction accuracy in a link-based model. Moreover, the effect of different noise assumptions was examined and it is found that the steady noise computed from the full-dataset had the most accurate prediction. A data processing algorithm, which processed more than a hundred million records reliably and efficiently was also introduced.
Affective Peer Tutoring: (Abstract Only)

Increasing women's representation in computer science (CS) has become a national priority. One of the many reasons female students nationwide choose not to finish their study in CS is that they do not feel a deep sense of belonging in the major. To foster the sense of belonging among female CS students, the affective learning outcomes, which are adapted from Bloom's Taxonomy on human learning, are integrated into the context of peer tutoring as five successive stages. Through the five stages of affective peer tutoring, students gradually deepen their sense of belonging in CS by: (1) being aware of the tutoring services; (2) proactively seeking answers to their programming questions; (3) recognizing the value of self-efficacy; (4) discussing learning issues in a supportive environment; and (5) contributing to a peer-led learning program to help others. Our data indicate that affective peer tutoring has resulted in an increased level of peer-to-peer interaction outside of the classrooms, significantly better grade performance in introductory programming courses, and improved retention rate among female CS students. Therefore, this poster may be of interest to any CS educator who wishes to improve the interaction, performance, and retention among female CS students while sustaining a peer-led learning program at their institution.
[Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) Elicits NK2 Receptor-Mediated Micturition and Defecation, and NK1 Receptor-Mediated Emesis and Hypotension, in Conscious Dogs.

Tachykinin neurokinin 2 (NK2) receptor agonists may have potential to alleviate clinical conditions associated with bladder and gastrointestinal underactivity by stimulating contraction of visceral smooth muscle. The ability of [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-neurokinin A(4–10) (LMN-NKA) to elicit micturition and defecation was examined after repeated administration in groups of 2–10 conscious dogs. Administration of 10–100 μg/kg, i.v., four times daily for six consecutive days, reliably elicited micturition after ≥90% of doses and defecation after ≥50% of doses. Voiding occurred
Building UAV-Based Testbeds for Autonomous Mobility and Beamforming Experimentation

Unmanned aerial vehicles have been deployed in many applications such as search and rescue, reconnaissance, and disaster recovery. However, UAV mobility can threaten the ability to maintain robust transmissions in practical deployments. On one hand, advanced software methodologies and extensive experiments are required to ensure safe and autonomous flights. On the other hand, to unlock additional capacity in drone communications, additional techniques must be leveraged such as directionality via MIMO-based beamforming, requiring accurate channel information to be fed back in- flight. Software defined radio (SDR) platforms play a major role in filling these gaps in multiple frequency bands, customizable design, and performance characterization. In this work, we present the hardware setup as well as software architecture of our proposed testbed leveraged for two different applications: autonomous mobility and beamforming. In the autonomous mobility case, we build a robust UAV-control framework on a customizable drone platform using MAVLink. Our experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of intelligent automated flight patterns. In the beamforming case, we implement a beamforming scheme on a drone-based SDR platform and evaluate its performance in various contexts. Our evaluations reveal that the drone-based beamforming can improve throughput significantly over conventional schemes.
Anatomy, Development, and Physiology of the Corpus Callosum

“The ‘corpus callosum’ is the greatest leap anywhere made by Nature in her brain work.” These words of T. H. Huxley were written in 1863, and it is certainly true that the appearance of the corpus callosum in the Eutherian mammals is one of the most impressive features of brain evolution. Yet when we come to consider what these many thousands of fibers are doing, we are obliged to confess that our most exciting observations come from studies of human subjects, particularly those who have been subjected to callosotomy. Nevertheless, there has been a large body of basic work conducted particularly on the anatomy of the corpus callosum in the last decade, and some of it is reviewed here.
Valuing environmental amenities with nonparametric and semiparametric methods

The dissertation consists of three essays. Each essay is presented in its own chapter beginning with chapter II. While each chapter is written as a stand alone document, the essays complement each other in subject matter, methodology and relevance to the econometrics and natural resource economics literature. In particular, the most fundamental problem investigated is how can we, as precisely as possible, value non-market goods without making parametric assumptions that may influence welfare estimates;The three essays comprising this dissertation contribute to the knowledge of the economics valuation literature in several important ways. First, semi-nonparametric and nonparametric estimators are rigorously assessed in a Monte Carlo study to determine if a methodology exists that does not rely upon the accuracy of parametric statements. The generalized maximum entropy framework is adapted to the discrete choice contingent valuation method. In addition, we investigate semi-nonparametric models in order to evaluate their fitting ability in this discrete choice setting. The estimators are applied to an important policy setting; namely, the valuation of wetlands in Iowa's prairie pothole region. Finally, the nonparametric method of Varian is adapted and extended to provide meaningful lower and upper bounds on welfare measures.
How does nature exposure make people healthier?: Evidence for the role of impulsivity and expanded space perception

Nature exposure has been linked to a plethora of health benefits, but the mechanism for this effect is not well understood. We conducted two studies to test a new model linking the health benefits of nature exposure to reduced impulsivity in decision-making (as measured by delay discounting) via psychologically expanding space perception. In study 1 we collected a nationwide U.S. sample (n = 609) to determine whether nature exposure was predictive of health outcomes and whether impulsive decision-making mediated the effect. Results indicated that Nature Accessibility and Nature Exposure From Home significantly predicted reduced scores on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) (p < .001, p = .03, respectively) and improved general health and wellbeing (p < .001, p < .01, respectively). Nature Accessibility also predicted reduced impulsive decision-making (p < .01), and Nature Accessibility showed significant indirect effects through impulsive decision-making on both the DASS (p = .02) and general health and wellbeing (p = .04). In Study 2, a lab-based paradigm found that nature exposure expanded space perception (p < .001), and while the indirect effect of nature exposure through space perception on impulsive decision-making did not meet conventional standards of significance (p < .10), the pattern was consistent with hypotheses. This combination of ecologically-valid and experimental methods offers promising support for an impulsivity-focused model explaining the nature-health relationship.
Preemptive Apology as a Trust Preservation Mechanism:An Inoculation Theory Perspective

The present paper argues that harm to trust may not be inevitable following a transgression and that the concept of trust preservation, which we define as preventing or minimizing harm to expectati...
TO SYNCH OR STAGE: COEXISTENT SEVERE SYMPTOMATIC CAROTID AND CORONARY DISEASE

Concurrent carotid artery stenosis (CS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is not infrequent. However, the optimal management of patients with both symptomatic CS and symptomatic CAD requiring coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) remains controversial. A 65 year old man presented with new
Ambivalent subjectivities: experiences of mothers with disabilities in Russia

Women with disabilities are still rarely imagined in the role of a mother. Narratives about motherhood that promote traditional gender roles and the primary role of motherhood in women’s lives (pro...
Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr after heat treatments

Titanium alloy Ti5553 (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr) is an excellent candidate for structural applications and additive manufacturing processes, since, unlike Ti6Al4 V, when built via selective laser melting ...
Music stimuli in mindfulness meditation: Comparison of musician and non-musician responses:

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and preference for different auditory stimuli on mindfulness meditation in musicians. A second purpose was to compare musician response...
3D Experimental Measurements of Evolution of Force Chains in Natural Silica Sand

AbstractThe mechanisms of force transmission in granular materials is a classic physics problem that has been addressed since the 19th century, when Heinrich Rudolf Hertz investigated the interacti...
Nonaccidental trauma in pediatric patients: evidence-based screening criteria for ophthalmologic examination.

Abstract Background Ophthalmologic examination is included in the work-up for pediatric nonaccidental trauma (NAT) when there is concern for retinal hemorrhage. However, dilated fundus examination entails patient discomfort and prohibition of assessment of pupillary response. Previous studies have suggested that patients without neuroimaging abnormalities are unlikely to have retinal hemorrhage. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the findings in patients who received NAT evaluation with eye examination at our institution, and to propose screening criteria for inclusion of ophthalmologic examination in NAT evaluation. Methods The medical records of patients who received NAT evaluation with ophthalmologic examination at The Johns Hopkins Children’s Center Pediatric Emergency Department from August 2014 to July 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Data collected included demographics, presenting symptoms, imaging findings, and ophthalmologic examination findings. The main outcome measure was presence of retinal hemorrhage. Results A total of 192 evaluations with ophthalmologic examination were included, representing 190 unique individuals of mean age 8.4 ± 9.5 months at presentation. In approximately half (54%) of the evaluations, there were abnormal findings on neuroimaging. Fifteen children (8%) had retinal hemorrhage, all of whom also had abnormal neuroimaging. Abnormal neuroimaging was associated with presence of retinal hemorrhage, with an odds ratio of 21.0 (95% CI 3.47-∞; P Conclusions When neuroimaging abnormalities are present, ophthalmologic examination should be performed as part of the pediatric NAT evaluation. When there is no evidence of head injury on neuroimaging, ophthalmologic examination should not be routine.
Direct measurement of the 7 s 2 S 1 / 2 → 7 p 2 P 3 / 2 transition frequency in Ra + 226

We report a direct measurement of the $7s{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}$ electric dipole transition frequency in $^{226}\mathrm{Ra}^{+}$. With a single laser-cooled radium ion we determine the transition frequency to be $785\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}722.11(3)$ GHz by directly driving the transition with frequency-doubled light and measuring the frequency of the undoubled light with an iodine reference. This measurement addresses a discrepancy of five combined standard deviations between previously reported values.
Political Identity Development in a Changing World

Political Identity Development remains an understudied area of identity development, however, in changing times, knowing where people are in their identity development informs citizens, candidates, and researchers how identity shapes our world. In a study of identity development across groups, levels of political identity development are defined and categorized. Based on categorization, similarities and differences that exist are highlighted such as gender differences, age differences, and racial and ethnic differences. With a sample of over 700, this study highlights enduring themes of development and recognizes opportunities to improve political identity development. Findings suggest age is not the only factor in identity development. Implications of the research include the possibility of manipulation by candidates and what we can do to improve identity development across the spectrum.
Measuring Learning and Promoting Academic Integrity in Online Instruction

The COVID-19 pandemic shifted kinesiology courses into more hybrid and online delivery, creating new challenges and opportunities for evaluating learning and online testing. Research using the Biomechanics Concept Inventory indicates that both high-tech and low-tech active learning experiences implemented in hybrid and online formats in biomechanics courses improve student learning above levels for lecture alone. However, online pre- and posttesting using concept inventories or major exams are vulnerable to cheating. Experience and research on proctoring online testing indicate only partial success in detecting cheating absent substantial faculty commitment to investigate suspicious behavior. These difficulties with online testing provide an opportunity for kinesiology faculty to implement more authentic, holistic assessments that are less vulnerable to violations of academic integrity. The importance of well-designed, rigorous assessment methods that uphold academic integrity standards will continue to evolve as kinesiology departments expand online learning.
A nowcasting framework for correcting for reporting delays in malaria surveillance

Time lags in reporting to national surveillance systems represent a major barrier for the control of infectious diseases, preventing timely decision making and resource allocation. This issue is particularly acute for infectious diseases like malaria, which often impact rural and remote communities the hardest. In Guyana, a country located in South America, poor connectivity among remote malaria-endemic regions hampers surveillance efforts, making reporting delays a key challenge for elimination. Here, we analyze 13 years of malaria surveillance data, identifying key correlates of time lags between clinical cases occurring and being added to the central data system. We develop nowcasting methods that use historical patterns of reporting delays to estimate occurred-but-not-reported monthly malaria cases. To assess their performance, we implemented them retrospectively, using only information that would have been available at the time of estimation, and found that they substantially enhanced the estimates of malaria cases. Specifically, we found that the best performing models achieved up to two-fold improvements in accuracy (or error reduction) over known cases in selected regions. Our approach provides a simple, generalizable tool to improve malaria surveillance in endemic countries and is currently being implemented to help guide existing resource allocation and elimination efforts.
Ferreira, Ana Paula. Women Writing Portuguese Colonialism in Africa. Liverpool UP, 2020.

Women Writing Portuguese Colonialism in Africa is a vanguard study that “traces the response of women writers, journalists, and activists to the colonization, the anti-colonial opposition, and the decolonization of African territories ruled by Portugal in the period ensuing from the Berlin Conference 1884–1885” (4).
Book Review — Immortality and the Law, by Ray Madoff

This piece reviews the book, "Immortality and the Law (The Rising Power of the American Dead)" (Yale University Press, 2010), by Ray D. Madoff, Professor of Law at Boston College School of Law. The book examines three areas of American law dealing with one’s power to maintain a form of control after death — the distribution of property; the use of the personal body; and the interests in privacy, publicity, and royalties. Professor Madoff examines how American law differs in many surprising ways from the laws of most other countries. She particularly points out the trouble created by the concentration of wealth for long periods of time made possible by the repeal in many jurisdictions of the rule against perpetuities. The author’s skillful use of interesting cases and examples brings exuberant life to what many would view as a “dead subject.”
Root border cells as tools in plant cell studies.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of root border cells as tools in plant cell studies. Root border cells lend themselves to a wide range of studies by virtue of their unique morphology. Border cells are populations of single cells that separate from the outer cells of the root cap and can be collected by gentle agitation in water. Substantial evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that border cells constitute a uniquely differentiated part of the root system that functions to modulate microbial populations in the rhizosphere. However, as populations of single, metabolically active cells with intact cell walls, root border cells provide tools to study a wide range of biological questions. Unlike protoplasts, border cells survive in a wide range of osmotic conditions, including distilled water, without lysis or observable cellular damage. The chapter provides specific conditions for the manipulation of pea root border cells. Diverse applications of root border cells in assays for research and teaching are also discussed.
Model of indoor signal propagation using log-normal shadowing

Indoor signal propagation characteristics can be difficult to predict accurately. Factors such as building layout and building materials can have a major effect on signal propagation. In this paper we will model indoor signal propagation using lognormal shadowing characteristics. The benefit of this model over others is its simplicity. The accuracy of this model at predicting the relationship between received signal strength (RSS) and the distance from transmitter to receiver will be determined. The link that was tested and modeled uses the IEEE 802.11n standard. Both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands were tested and modeled.
International purchasing, inventory management and logistics research: An assessment and agenda

Lays a foundation for a comprehensive awareness and understanding of research in the area of international supply chain management. More specifically, reviews publications constituting a decade of the most recent research in the three areas of international purchasing, inventory management and logistics in 22 leading academic and practitioner journals for the period 1986 through 1995. Through classification and review of this literature, enables a better understanding of this vast field while simultaneously making available a valuable source of information for academicians and practitioners to draw from. Discusses key research findings, provides an overall assessment of the research in these areas and shapes an agenda for future research by identifying important gaps in the literature.
Los principios ortograficos de nebrija y el aristotelismo del renacimiento

El trabajo da cuenta de la preocupacion de Nebrija en torno a la relacion entre pronunciacion y ortografia en las lenguas, y en particualr en el castellano, que lo lleva a elaborar una verdadera ciencia de la ortografia. En efecto, Nebrija termina por rechazar el criterio de autoridad en esta materia al aplicar a la ortografia la concepcion aristotelica de ciencia y convertir las nociones ortograficas en definiciones y los criterios para organizar una ortografia coherente en axiomas o principios a partir de los cuales se pueda deducir cuales son las correspondencias exactas entre grafias y sonidos, evitandose asi los errores transmitidos por la tradicion.
Measurements of the Disappearance of Radioactive Tagged Albumin from Serum and the Excretion of I181 in the Urine of Patients with Cirrhosis

Summary 1.A tracer dose of iodinated serum albumin was injected into 9 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and 22 patients with various other diseases. 2.The rate of disappearance of the tagged albumin from the vascular compartment was similar in the two groups. 3.A significant decrease in the excretion of inorganic iodide was found during the first 24 hours in the patients with cirrhosis.