cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybrid spectral/DG method for solving the phase-averaged ocean wave equation: Algorithm and validation

We develop a new high-order hybrid discretization of the phased-averaged (action balance) equation to simulate ocean waves. We employ discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization on an unstructured grid in geophysical space and Fourier-collocation along the directional and frequency coordinates. The original action balance equation is modified to facilitate absorbing boundary conditions along the frequency direction; this modification enforces periodicity at the frequency boundaries so that the fast convergence of Fourier-collocation holds. In addition, a mapping along the directional coordinate is introduced to cluster the collocation points around steep directional spectra. Time-discretization is accomplished by the TVD Runge-Kutta scheme. The overall convergence of the scheme is exponential (spectral). We successfully verified and validated the method against several analytical solutions, observational data, and experimental results.
Improving Biology Performance with Workshop Groups

This 2-year quasi-experiment evaluated the effect of peer-led workshop groups on performance of minority and majority undergraduate biology students. The workshop intervention used was modeled after a program pioneered by Treisman (1992). Majority volunteers randomly assigned to workshops (nD 61) performed significantly better than those assigned to the control group (nD 60, p< 0:05) without spending more time studying. Workshop minority students (nD 25) showed a pattern of increasing exam performance in comparison to historic control minority students (nD 21), who showed a decreasing pattern ( p< 0:05). Volunteers (nD 121) initially reported that biology was more interesting and more important to their futures than to nonvolunteers’ (nD 435, p< 0:05). Volunteers also reported higher levels of anxiety related to class performance ( p< 0:05). The relationship of anxiety to performance was moderated by volunteer status. Performance of volunteers was negatively associated with self-reported anxiety (rDi 0:41, p< 0:01). Performance of nonvolunteers was unrelated to self-reported anxiety (rDi 0:02). Results suggest elevated anxiety related to class performance may increase willingness to participate in activities such as workshop interventions. In addition, students who volunteer for interventions such as workshops may be at increased risk of performance decrements associated with anxiety. Even so, workshop programs appear to be an effective way to promote excellence among both majority and minority students who volunteer to participate, despite the increased risk of underperformance associated with higher levels of anxiety.
Electrode and substrate contacts in carbon nanofiber interconnects

To study the reliability of carbon nanofiber (CNF) interconnect under high-current stress, electrical and thermal transports across CNF-electrode interfaces and between electrodes are considered. For this investigation, three different types of contacts are examined: (a) CNF-Au electrode, (b) CNF-SiO 2 substrate, and (c) tungsten-deposited CNF-Au electrode. We have determined that contact (c) improves the overall electrical and thermal transport characteristics of the system.
Type, size and age of vehicles driven by teenage drivers killed in crashes during 2008-2012

Given teenagers’ elevated crash rates, it is especially important that their vehicles have key safety features and good crash protection. A profile of vehicles driven by teenagers killed in crashes was developed. Data on vehicles of drivers ages 15–17 and ages 35–50 who died in crashes during 2008–2012 were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Using vehicle identification numbers, the vehicle make, model and model year were identified. 29% of fatally injured teenagers were driving mini or small cars, 82% were driving vehicles at least 6 years old, and 48% were driving vehicles at least 11 years old. Compared with middle-aged drivers, teenagers’ vehicles more often were small or mini cars or older vehicles. Few teenagers’ vehicles had electronic stability control or side airbags as standard features. Parents should consider safety when choosing vehicles for their teenagers.
Outcome after recannulation and a second course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract Background/Purpose: Controversy surrounds the justification of a second course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients that deteriorate after initial decannulation. The authors' experience with a small number of patients requiring recannulation led them to investigate the results of a second ECMO course from all institutions that report to the ELSO registry. Methods: The ELSO neonatal registry for patients that underwent multiple ECMO courses was reviewed and mortality and complication rates between first and second courses were compared. Complications were classified according to the following ELSO registry defined categories: hemorrhagic, mechanical, metabolic, infectious, renal, pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiac. Results: Of the 16,450 patients in the ELSO neonatal registry in January 2000, 205 patients (1.25%) have required multiple ECMO courses. There have been 201 patients (1.22%) who have needed 2 courses of ECMO and 4 patients (0.024%) have undergone 3 ECMO runs. A total of 557 complications occurred during the first ECMO course in these 205 patients, and 672 complications developed during the second course. This represents an increase in the complication rate by 20.6% during the second ECMO course. Although mechanical complications were the most common, there was no change in the incidence between first and second courses. However, the frequency of complications increased in all other classifications during the second course when compared with the first. The largest increases occurred with neurologic and infectious complications (134% and 79% increases, respectively). Renal and metabolic complications also were markedly elevated (35% and 24%, respectively). Seventy-six of 201 (38%) patients who required 2 courses of ECMO and 1 of 4 patients undergoing 3 runs survived. Survival was more likely for patients with meconium aspiration. Primary pulmonary hypertension and total anomalous pulmonary venous return had low survival rates. Conclusions: A small subset of patients may require recannulation and a second ECMO course. Although survival may be achieved in more than one third of these patients, complication rates are increased during the second course. Specifically, neurologic, infectious, renal, and metabolic complication rates are increased. Long-term consequences of recannulation are unknown. Selection criteria identifying patients that may benefit from recannulation have not been established. J Pediatr Surg 37:845-850. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Design and analysis of systems based on RF receivers with multiple carbon nanotube antennas

Abstract In this paper, possible uses of systems composed of multiple CNT-based EM receivers are introduced and their communication-theoretical analysis developed. Four possible example applications that involve multiple CNTs are discussed and their system-level design is emphasized. Then, a communication-theoretical analysis of the performance of a generic system that involves multiple CNT-based RF receivers is introduced. The generic receiver system in question is the underlying component of the example applications and their system-level design. Furthermore, the analysis provides some insights into fundamental questions such as communication rate and encoding of information in nanoscale devices.
Symbols as Substance in National Civics Standards

amples of what they have taught with success. I suspect those examples will involve classic speeches and writings and the most significant events in American political history, e.g., the Revolution, the framing and ratifying of the Constitution, the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement. In addition, some examples should come from political history generally, such as the French Revolution and the World Wars. Any general treatment of the concepts of government should be illustrated by specific examples. If that is done, we will discover that Americans agree more on matters of procedure, such as the rule of law, than they agree on substance, but that even where they disagree, they tend to frame their arguments in terms of rights. Both the procedures associated with the rule of law and the concept of individual rights say a lot about American politics, or, as some would say, American political culture.
Climbing on a milestone for a better view: Goodchild's ‘Geographical Information Science’ paper as vantage point and ground for reflection

From our current vantage point, Michael Goodchild's 1992 game-changing ‘Geographical Information Science’ paper roughly bisects the history of our field from its beginnings in the1960s to the present. This makes it an appropriate landmark around which to organize some reflections on the evolution of geographic information science, and more particularly on Goodchild's role in the developments that have defined it these past 20 years. The focus here is on intellectual leadership rather than on any direct scholarly contributions, though scholarship provides the backbone of the narrative. The clearly spelled out research agenda that lies at the core of the 1992 paper and a handful of subsequent essays greatly facilitate that task. This paper explores different facets of Goodchild's leadership in sections titled ‘Naming’, ‘Adapting’, ‘Accepting’, ‘Persevering’, ‘Educating’, and finally, ‘Leading’, and provides evidence that, like any other science, geographic information science is a social as well as an intellectual enterprise. An aspect of the social function of intellectual leadership is that Goodchild's continuing role as agenda-setter for the diverse field of geographic information science goes well beyond generating disciples and followers; it also stimulates dialectic responses from researchers coming from quite different perspectives, thus contributing to the broadening and deepening of the field.
Developing our future: seeing and expecting the best in youth.

The consequences of risky behaviors have a profound effect on adolescent health. Therefore clinicians who care for the well-being of adolescents have committed a great deal of effort exploring how to best guide teenagers toward safer behaviors. Much of this effort has been targeted toward the avoidance or reduction of the specific risk behaviors we find most worrisome. These efforts have been effective in reducing some risk as evident in decreasing adolescent pregnancy rates. However it is time that we must ask ourselves whether the interventions are adequate. We must ask if they have made a difference in producing the quality of youth our nation needs to lead us into the future. We need to clarify our vision. Is our ultimate goal really to prevent adolescents from behaving in antisocial or dangerous manners? Or is our vision to facilitate the development of individuals who are well prepared to be creative responsible and productive human beings? (excerpt)
Data augmentation and parameter expansion for independent or spatially correlated ordinal data

Data augmentation and parameter expansion can lead to improved iterative sampling algorithms for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Data augmentation allows for simpler and more feasible simulation from a posterior distribution. Parameter expansion accelerates convergence of iterative sampling algorithms by increasing the parameter space. Data augmentation and parameter-expanded data augmentation MCMC algorithms are proposed for fitting probit models for independent ordinal response data. The algorithms are extended for fitting probit linear mixed models for spatially correlated ordinal data. The effectiveness of data augmentation and parameter-expanded data augmentation is illustrated using the probit model and ordinal response data, however, the approach can be used broadly across model and data types.
The dialogue between the economic and the ecologic theories of evolution

Abstract The economic and ecologic theories of evolution have developed by means of a mutual dialogue and interaction from the early nineteenth century to the present, despite certain fundamental differences between them. This mutual influence has involved the rise of the equilibrium concept as well as the appearance of cyclical and chaotic dynamic models. Both theories have faced a conflict between gradualistic and punctuationist (saltationalist) approaches. Both have emphasized the emergence of higher-order self-reproducing structures, a process of hypercyclic morphogenesis ultimately encouraged by the dialogue itself.
Attitudes toward methamphetamine use and HIV risk behavior in men who have sex with men.

Background and Objectives: Methamphetamine use has been strongly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors, and its use has been increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the behavioral implications of methamphetamine use and sexual risk have been broadly examined, fewer studies have examined attitudes about methamphetamine use. Methods: This study investigates the relationship between personal beliefs regarding methamphetamine use, patterns of use, and sexual risk behaviors within a sample of MSM attending a gay pride event (N= 342). Results: A minority of MSM reported lifetime (27%) or recent (7%) methamphetamine use. Only a minority of MSM who had used methamphetamine believed that it enhanced sexual pleasure (32%) or incorporated methamphetamine use into their sexual activity (31%). Individuals who used methamphetamine during sexual activity were more likely to be recent users of the drug and more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. A significant minority of participants endorsed items assessing the disinhibiting effects of methamphetamine including being less likely to use a condom (35%) and less selective in their choice of partners (26%). Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Results suggest that prevention efforts may benefit from targeting the minority of methamphetamine users who perceive methamphetamine as enhancing sexual activity and use it for this purpose. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S35–S42)
The National ALS Registry: a recruitment tool for research.

Introduction: Subject recruitment is critical for understanding fatal diseases like ALS, however linking patients with researchers can be challenging. The U.S. population-based National ALS Registry allows recruitment of persons with ALS (PALS) for research opportunities. Methods: The Registry's Research Notification Mechanism was used to recruit PALS aged ≥21 years; participants completed a Web-based epidemiologic survey. PALS (n = 2,232) were sent an email describing the study, and 268 surveys were completed. Results: The mean age (± SD) of eligible participants was 57.7 ± 9.3 years for men and 61.5 ± 8.9 for women. Most were men (63%) and Caucasian (92%). Of 256 potentially eligible participants, 37.5% (n = 96) returned an authorization to disclose protected health information. ALS was confirmed for 94% (83/88) from physician responses. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the National ALS Registry's usefulness in recruiting PALS for research. This recruitment source can potentially foster the discovery of better treatment options and therapies, and of prevention strategies. Muscle Nerve 50: 830–834, 2014
The glucose 6-phosphate shunt around the Calvin–Benson cycle

It is just over 60 years since a cycle for the regeneration of the CO2-acceptor used in photosynthesis was proposed. In this opinion paper, we revisit the origins of the Calvin-Benson cycle that occurred at the time that the hexose monophosphate shunt, now called the pentose phosphate pathway, was being worked out. Eventually the pentose phosphate pathway was separated into two branches, an oxidative branch and a non-oxidative branch. It is generally thought that the Calvin-Benson cycle is the reverse of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway but we describe crucial differences and also propose that some carbon routinely passes through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. This creates a futile cycle but may help to stabilize photosynthesis. If it occurs it could explain a number of enigmas including the lack of complete labelling of the Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates when carbon isotopes are fed to photosynthesizing leaves.
Ecology of Young Stream Resident Warner Sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) in Warner Basin, Oregon

Abstract We visually censused Warner sucker cohorts in a low gradient stream reach and determined microhabitat use from random availability data. For above-water visual censuses (AVC), we counted aggregations while slowly wading through Honey Creek three times both years. Underwater visual censuses (UVC) were done in 1993 by snorkeling. Mean focal point velocity (FPV) during AVC significantly differed by year but not by census date, and mean depth did not differ for either. In 1993 we found suckers used microhabitats with FPV between >3 to 6 cm/s (χ12 = 3.93, P 20 to 40 cm (χ12 = 4.5, P 60 to 80 cm (χ12 = 8.1, P < 0.005). Aggregate abundance was significantly related to both distance to (r64 = −0.45, P = 0.0002) and percentage (r64 = 0.44, P = 0.0003) submerged vegetation. We found 97% of suckers (N/m3) in riffle/run habitat during UVC. When mean flow was used as a continuous var...
Involvement of sympathetic nerves in bone metastasis

Early determinants of metastatic formation or recurrence in bone remain poorly characterized. This chapter describes how the activation of sympathetic nerves triggered by chronic stress or depression might contribute to the early steps of metastatic establishment in the skeleton, and the effect of beta-blockers on breast cancer patient survival and relapse.
Living Legends and Full Agency: Implications of Repealing the Combat Exclusion Policy

The long debate over America’s combat exclusion policy toward women may end with Harris’s Living Legends and Full Agency: Implications of Repealing the Combat Exclusion Policy. It combines her 15-y...
Development of Deposition Phase Diagrams for Thin Film Si:H and Si1-xGex:H Using Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

The growth of hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) and silicon-germanium alloys (Si1-xGex:H) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates has been studied by real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE). The motivation is to develop deposition phase diagrams that can provide greater insight into the optimization of amorphous Si1-xGex:H (a-Si1-xGex:H) for multijunction photovoltaics. In initial studies, the phase diagram for bottom cell a-Si1-xGex:H (Eg ~ 1.4 eV) is found to exhibit fundamental similarities to that for Si:H when both materials are prepared under standard PECVD conditions that optimize pure a-Si:H. These similarities suggest directions for optimizing a-Si1-xGex:H by identifying conditions under which a smooth, stable surface is obtained to the largest possible bulk layer thickness. In phase diagram development for PECVD Si1-xGex:H on c-Si, it has been found that the highest surface stability and smoothest surfaces are obtained using cathodic deposition (self bias: ~–20 V) with a H2-dilution level just below that of the amorphous-to-(mixed-phase microcrystalline) [a→(a+μc)] transition for a thick layer. Due to the promising nature of these results, full phase diagrams are compared for cathodic and anodic Si1-xGex:H as well as for cathodic and anodic Si:H, all on c-Si substrates. The cathodic phase diagram for Si1-xGex:H reveals a narrow range of significant improvement in surface structural evolution near the a→(a+μc) transition, and for a-Si:H reveals an extension of the ultrasmooth protocrystalline regime to a much wider range of thickness.
Processing contradictory brand information from advertising and social media: an application of the multiple-motive heuristic-systematic model

AbstractThis study tested two major theoretical assumptions of the heuristic-systematic model – (1) concurrent information processing and (2) multiple processing motives – in a common advertising situation where contradictory brand information from different sources (e.g. a positive advertising claim [a persuasive argument] vs. negative consensus information from a third-party source [a persuasion cue]) was available to consumers with varying motivation (accuracy and defense motivation). Results showed that individuals employed different information processing strategies, depending on motivation type. Accuracy-motivated individuals engaged in concurrent (both cue- and argument-based) processing when involvement was high. Defense-motivated individuals sought positive valence, regardless of the level of involvement and type of information.
Photodynamic Action in Insects. 1. Levels of Mortality in Dye-Fed Light-Exposed House Flies

The effectiveness of 6 fluorescent dyes was determined in the photodynamic killing of Musca domestica L. under conditions of darkness, and artificial and natural light. Rose bengal, erythrosin B , and rhodamine caused the highest mortality in dye-fed, light-exposed flies; eosin yellow was not as effective but was more effective than methylene blue chloride. Flies fed a dye concentration of 0.25%, and exposed to artificial light for 3 h had the following mean mortality: rose bengal, 100%; erythrosin B , 96%; rhodamine, eosin yellow, 49% and methyleneblue chloride, 8%. With light intensity considered as a factor contributing to mortality, all dyes were comparable under both artificial and natural light. Very low levels of mortality were observed for dye-fed flies kept in darkness, and there was no mortality in the controls.
Rate of respiration of tissues in contact with oxygen.

Summary1. A method is described for the determination of the respiratory rates of tissues in contact with oxygen by supporting them in the gas phase on fiber-glass mats in a modified wide-mouthed Warburg flask. 2. Investigated in this way the tissues maintained a satisfactory physiologic state as evidenced by slow decline in respiratory rate and negligible changes in pH. 3. For 8 rat tissues studied the respiratory rates on mats were considerably higher than those in Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate; and higher than those in Krebs Medium III in the case of muscle, brain, kidney, and heart, lower only for spleen, and not significantly different for liver, intestine, and testis. 4. Application of the respiratory rates to summated tissue calculations yielded the following values relative to BMR: on mats, 101.8%; in Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate, 78.7%; and in Krebs Medium III, 90.7%. 5. The utility of the technic using mats as a means of avoiding the variables due to different liquid media is discussed.
Thermal Spike Related Nonlinear Effects in Ion Beam Mixing at Low Temperatures

A semi-empirical model for ion mixing at low temperatures was developed taking into account collisional mixing and thermal spike effects, as well as the thermal spike shape. The collisional mixing part was accounted for by the Kinchin-Pease model, or, alternatively dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. For the thermal spike, the ion beam mixing parameter Dt/Φ is derived as being proportional to x2+µ>, where the damage parameter is defined as, X = — F0/AHcah, F0 is the damage energy deposited per unit path length, and µ is a constant dependent on the thermal spike shape and point defect density in the thermal spike regions. The shape of the thermal spike that best fit the experimental results depends on the magnitude of the cascade density. For relatively high density collisional cascades, where thermal spikes start to be important, it was found that a spherical thermal spike model was more consistent with experimental measurements at low temperatures. However, for extremely high density collisional cascade regions, a cylindrical thermal spike gave better results. Finally, three different regions of ion beam induced mixing were recognized according to different density levels of damage energy scaled by the damage parameter x.
Nano-Scale Indentation Measurement of Material Properties Using an Area Function of the Tip Geometry

A novel two-parameter area function for determination of near surface properties of Young’s modulus of elasticity and hardness has shown promise for compensating for the imperfection of the tip-end in an instrumented indentation measurement. This paper provides a comprehensive study involving a Berkovitch tip. The tip is utilized in an MTS nanoindentation measurement machine and used to establish load indentation information for fused silica samples. The geometry of the tip is then characterized independently using a highly accurate Atomic Force Microscope. Using the indentation data along with the two-parameter area function methodology, the tip-end radius of curvature is found to provide the most consistent value of modulus of elasticity. Independently, the data from the SEM measurement of the same tip is used to obtain the least squares estimation of the tip curvature. The two approaches yield favorable agreement in the estimation of tip-end radius of curvature. Therefore, the validity of the two-parameter area function method is proved. The method is shown to provide a robust, reliable and accurate measurement of modulus of elasticity and hardness in the nanoscale proximity of a surface.© 2008 ASME
Adverse reactions of the anticancer drugs

Objective:To obtain the knowledge of genetic extent and the relevent factors of adverse reaction through the investigation and analysis of the pathologieal data of the cancer.Methods:Principle of statistics methods were used to record analysis the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy.The regularity of adverse reaetion drug characteristies,various influencing factors are summarized from the relevant factors of the adverse reaction by statistic alanaiysis in the survey summary table.Results:The incidence rate of the adverse reaction of every system is:57.4% for the digestive tract,33.7% for blood system,11.3% for cardiac toxieity,10.6% for urinary system.Nausea,vomting and the bone marrow suppression have the highest incidence,which are the most important syndromes in the process of cancer chemotherapy in patients.Conclusions:Because of the high incidence rate of the adverse reaction and side effects of the anticancer drugs,chemotherapy must be standardized.
Accelerated increase in China's oil demand

Oil demand forecasting is a basic research tool in the search for oil market development trends. Research on the changes in oil demand in some countries reveals that oil demand over time follows a horizontal S-shaped curve over the five stages of pioneer, growth, transition, slowdown and saturation. By comparing the characteristics of China's economic development (in terms of level, structure and growth rate) , automotive market and China's current increase in oil demand against the features and determinants of the five stages, the author concludes that China is experiencing accelerated increase in its oil demand. The upward trend in its oil demand is expected to continue for a fairly long time to come but at a lower rate than many other countries experiencing rising oil demand. China will enter the transition stage during the 12th Five- Year Plan. According to estimates made by trend analysis, elastic coefficient analysis and holistic approaches, China's oil demand is expected to reach 455 million tons by 2010 at an annual average growth rate of 6.5% from 2007 to 2010.
Distal myopathy with coexisting heterozygous TIA1 and MYH7 Variants.

TIA1 mutations cause Welander distal myopathy. MYH7 mutations result in various clinical phenotypes, including Laing distal myopathy and cardiomyopathy. We describe a family with coexisting TIA1 and MYH7 variants. The proband is a 67-year-old woman with easy tripping since childhood and progressive asymmetric distal limb weakness, but no cardiac involvement. Muscle biopsy showed rare rimmed vacuoles, minicore-like structures and congophilic inclusions. Her 66-year-old sister has a mild distal myopathy, supraventricular tachycardia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Both sisters carry the only known pathogenic TIA1 mutation and a heterozygous MYH7 variant (c.5459G > A; p.Arg1820Gln). Another sibling with isolated distal myopathy carries only the TIA1 mutation. MYH7 p.Arg1820Gln involves a highly conserved residue and is predicted to be deleterious. Furthermore, the proband's childhood-onset distal leg weakness and sister's cardiomyopathy suggest that MYH7 p.Arg1820Gln likely affects function, favoring a digenic etiology of the myopathy.
Neurologic Deficits Have a Negative Impact on Patient-Related Outcomes in Primary Presentation Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis Surgical Treatment at One-Year Follow-up.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of prospective, multicenter National Institute of Health clinical trial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the rate of neurologic complications and impact of new neurologic deficits on 1-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There are limited studies evaluating the impact of new neurologic deficits on PROs following surgery for primary presentation adult lumbar scoliosis. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: new postoperative neurological deficit (Def) or no deficit (NoDef). Preoperative and 1-year follow-up PROs were analyzed [Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-12 Physical/Mental Health Composite Scores (PCS/MCS), and back/leg pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)]. RESULTS One hundred forty-one patients: 14 Def (9.9%), 127 NoDef (90.1%). No differences were observed in demographic, radiographic, or PRO data between groups preoperatively. Def group had longer surgical procedures (8.3 vs. 6.9 hours, P = 0.030), greater blood loss (2832 vs. 2606 mL, P = 0.022), and longer hospitalizations (10.6 vs. 7.8 days, P = 0.004). NoDef group reported significant improvement in all PROs from preop to 1-year postoperative. Def group only had improvement in SRS Pain (2.7 preop to 3.4 postop, P = 0.037) and self-image domains (2.7 to 3.6, p = 0.004), and NRS back pain (6.6 to 3.2, P = 0.004) scores with significant worsening of NRS leg pain (4.1 to 6.1, P = 0.045). Group comparisons of 1-year postop PROs found that Def group reported more NRS leg pain (6.1 vs. 1.7, P < 0.001) and worse outcomes than NoDef group for ODI (35.7 vs. 23.1, P = 0.016) and PCS (32.6 vs. 41.9, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION We found a 9.9% rate of new neurologic deficits following surgery for symptomatic primary presentation adult lumbar scoliosis, much higher than previous studies. Most neurologic deficits improved by 1-year follow-up, but appeared to have a dramatic negative impact on PROs, with increased postoperative leg pain and greater patient-perceived pathology reported in patients experiencing neurological deficits compared with those who did not. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Self-Similar 2d Euler Solutions with Mixed-Sign Vorticity

We construct a class of self-similar 2d incompressible Euler solutions that have initial vorticity of mixed sign. The boundaries between regions of positive and negative vorticity form algebraic spirals, similar to the Kaden spiral and as opposed to Prandtl’s logarithmic vortex spirals. Also unlike the Prandtl case, spirals are not initially present.
Selectively driving optical magnetism(Conference Presentation)

It is well known that one can create a magnetic field by passing a DC or AC electric current through a coil of conductor (i.e., a wire); a phenomenon described by the Maxwell-Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. NMR or ESR (nuclear magnetic resonance or electron spin resonance) spectroscopies involve the interaction of a spin (nuclear or electron, respectively) with a magnetic field. Mathematically, these phenomena can be understood as the curl of the electric field (i.e., the current or spin) producing a (time varying) magnetic field or vise versa. Thus, one should also be able to induce a magnetic response in nano- and meso-scale materials by exploiting Maxwell-Faraday’s law of induction through the design of the structure, by employing an electric field with instantaneous curl or do both to produce an instantaneous circulating (or displacement) current. Here we employ cylindrical vector beams with azimuthal polarization to create an angular (cylindrical) electric field, and selectively induce a magnetic response in metal nanoparticle-based nanomaterials at optical frequencies. This time-varying magnetic field at optical frequencies is induced in systems that do not possess spin or orbital angular momentum. Moreover, with the vector beam spectroscopy we also selectively drive electric dipole modes by excitation with a radially polarized light, and show that the strength of the electric and magnetic modes can be equal in magnitude in individual metal nano-structures. This work opens new opportunities for selective spectroscopic investigation of “dark modes” and Fano resonances in nanomaterials, metamaterials and control of nanomaterial excitations and dynamics.
Power system reliability enhancement and generation cost reduction in presence of variable resources

The intermittent and uncertainty nature of variable resources rises the need to investigate the effect of the technical operation aspects of power system operation and transmission lines constrains, on estimating the penetration level of variable resources that enhances the economic and operation aspects of power system. The Incorporation of these resources into systems rises the need to evaluate the expected output power of wind and PV system and their contribution to the total generation cost reduction and system reliability enhancement. In this paper, a method to model the output of a PV system and a wind power is presented. The proposed method captures both the intermittency of the input source and generation unit failure. The proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE RTS. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to find the proper locations of the intermittent resources in order to enhance the system reliability. Results are presented, analyzed, and thoroughly discussed.
Inflammation and Abnormal Trigeminal Sensory Processing in Obese Mice (S26.006)

Objective: To investigate the effects of obesity on trigeminal nociception and photophobia. Background: Obesity is associated with more frequent and severe migraine attacks in humans. The effects of obesity on the trigeminal nociceptive system, which mediates headache, remain unknown. Methods: We assessed capsaicin-induced photophobic behavior and trigeminal nociception in obese and control mice. We used two novel operant behavioral assays, the light avoidance test and conditioned place aversion. Calcium imaging was used to determine the effects of obesity on the activity of primary trigeminal afferents in vitro. We measured inflammatory cytokines in the trigeminal ganglia and dura and explored their role in the migraine-related behaviors studied here. We used several complementary approaches to control for the effects of high-fat diet versus obesity independent of diet. Results: Obese mice demonstrated photophobic behavior and trigeminal nociception in response to a noxious stimuli that had no effect on control mice. We observed higher calcium influx in cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons from obese mice. We found that levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were higher in the trigeminal ganglia of obese mice. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that obesity results in functional changes in the trigeminal system that may contribute to abnormal sensory processing. Control studies suggest that these findings are due to obesity and not high-fat diet. Overall, our data indicates that obesity is associated with increased susceptibility of the trigeminal system to noxious stimuli. Disclosure: Dr. Recober-Montilla has received licensing fee payments from Alder BioPharmaceuticals. Dr. Rossi has nothing to disclose.
Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for cutaneous melanoma.

Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients with cutaneous melanoma, a subset of patients present with local–regionally advanced disease and are at high risk of a local–regional recu...
Electrophoretic Light Scattering: Modern Methods and Recent Applications to Biological Membranes and Polyelectrolytes

Electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) is simply the application of the laser Doppler principle for automated analytical electrophoresis.1–3 Although the potential power of this approach has been apparent to many workers, both in the fields of electrophoresis and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), the technical difficulties of interfacing two complex and unrelated methodologies have discouraged a number of prospective practitioners. The development and publication of a number of technical improvements and successful applications have steadily increased the size of the ELS user community, and in little more than a decade following its invention, the technique is now commercially available and quite widely employed.
Flexor Tendon Injuries of the Upper Extremity

Flexor tendon injuries are common after lacerations or penetrating trauma to the palmar surface of the hand. At the time of injury, surgeons should document a detailed examination of the digital cascade and active flexion of FDS and FDP to each finger. Concomitant neurovascular injuries are common. Flexor tendon repair strategy depends on the zone of injury. During flexor tendon repair, core suture strength is related to suture material, caliber of suture, and most importantly the number of sutures crossing repair site. Tendon repairs weaken during the first 3 weeks postoperatively if immobilized, so controlled mobilization postoperatively is key.
Usability Comparison of Conventional Direct Control Versus Pattern Recognition Control of Transradial Prostheses

The goal of this study was to compare the usability of two control schemes for a transradial myoelectric prosthesis, including conventional direct control (DC) and pattern recognition (PR) control, when used by able-bodied individuals. Three types of response measures were captured to assess the control schemes, including learnability, performance, and cognitive workload. Prior research has applied performance and cognitive workload metrics for evaluation of prosthetics; however, workload measures applied in these studies (e.g., heart rate, electroencephalography, and respiration rate) have many limitations. This study used eye tracking to compare cognitive load implications of the different control schemes for a two degrees-of-freedom myoelectric prosthesis. In total, 12 participants were assigned to either control condition (six persons each) or perform a clothespin relocation task. Results revealed the PR scheme to be more intuitive for users and superior to DC across all response measures. We observed a lower learning percentage (i.e., greater learning potential), lower cognitive load, and greater productivity in task performance. This preliminary study illustrates efficacy of using eye-tracking-based measures of cognitive load and standardize test paradigms for assessment of upper limb prosthetic usability and supports PR prosthetic device control as an intuitive alternative to DC.
Implementation of Digital Awareness Strategies to Engage Patients and Providers in a Lung Cancer Screening Program: Retrospective Study.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite mandated insurance coverage for eligible patients, lung cancer screening rates remain low. Digital platforms, including social media, provide a potentially valuable tool to enhance health promotion and patient engagement related to lung cancer screening (LCS). Objective: The aim was to assess the effectiveness of LCS digital awareness campaigns on utilization of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and visits to institutional online educational content. Methods: A pay-per-click campaign utilizing Google and Facebook targeted adults aged 55 years and older and caregivers aged 18 years and older (eg, spouses, adult children) with LCS content during a 20-week intervention period from May to September 2016. A concurrent pay-per-click campaign using LinkedIn and Twitter targeted health care providers with LCS content. Geographic target radius was within 60 miles of an academic medical center. Social media data included aggregate demographics and click-through rates (CTRs). Primary outcome measures were visits to institutional Web pages and scheduled LDCT exams. Study period was 20 weeks before, during, and after the digital awareness campaigns. Results: Weekly visits to the institutional LCS Web pages were significantly higher during the digital awareness campaigns compared to the 20-week period prior to implementation (mean 823.9, SD 905.8 vs mean 51, SD 22.3, P=.001). The patient digital awareness campaign surpassed industry standard CTRs on Google (5.85%, 1108/18,955 vs 1.8%) and Facebook (2.59%, 47,750/1,846,070 vs 0.8%). The provider digital awareness campaign surpassed industry standard CTR on LinkedIn (1.1%, 630/57,079 vs 0.3%) but not Twitter (0.19%, 1139/587,133 vs 0.25%). Mean scheduled LDCT exam volumes per week before, during, and after the digital awareness campaigns were 17.4 (SD 7.5), 20.4 (SD 5.4), and 26.2 (SD 6.4), respectively, with the difference between the mean number of scheduled exams after the digital awareness campaigns and the number of exams scheduled before and after the digital awareness campaigns being statistically significant (P<.001). Conclusions: Implementation of the LCS digital awareness campaigns was associated with increased visits to institutional educational Web pages and scheduled LDCT exams. Digital platforms are an important tool to enhance health promotion activities and engagement with patients and providers. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(2):e52]
Comprehension the Reformation in Protestant Historiography of Early Modern Time

The article analyses the content of the chronicle of known Protestant leader of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Andrzej Wengierski “The Slavic Reformation”, which was published in Amsterdam in 1679. The author of the article believes that in his understanding of the essence and historical logic of the Reformation Andrzej Wengierski proceeded the church-historical concept proposed by the publishing collective of the Magdeburg Centuries. At the same time, the unconditional innovation of the Polish chronicler was the desire to show the specifics of the Reformation in Eastern Europe, in particular in the region of the Catholic-Orthodox borderland. Andrzej Hungarian had special attention to the Cyrillo-Methodian Tradition of the Slavic peoples, which had in itself an ecumenical potential. According to the chronicler this Tradition, as well as common political and inter-church interests, contributed to the convergence of the Orthodox in the Kyivan Church of with the Protestants. Andrzej Wengierski covered the events of church life in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the context of its important political and cultural processes, showing its influence on the social and cultural life of Ruthenia. The author of the article analyzed the chronicle of Andrzej Wengerski in the context of comprehension the phenomenon of the Reformation and various models of church reforms in Western and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Kyivan Metropolis in the 16th-17th centuries.
How to Improve Pennsylvania's Tax System

Pennsylvania ranks near the top in tax burden and near the bottom in business friendliness in the nation. While much good can be said about the states flat personal income tax rate and relatively low sales tax rate, Pennsylvanias business taxes are in serious need of reform. The state government took a step in the right direction by phasing out its archaic capital stock and foreign franchise tax, but Pennsylvanias economy is still being held back by its high corporate income and unemployment insurance taxes. Pennsylvanias 9.99 percent corporate income tax rate, the second highest in the nation, puts the state at a significant competitive disadvantage while generating less than 7 percent of total tax revenue. A combination of business tax cuts and tax base broadening could make Pennsylvanias economy grow faster without jeopardizing its public finances.
Avian communities are decreasing with piñon pine mortality in the southwest

Abstract An increase in tree mortality is expected to occur worldwide due to climate-induced drought and increasing temperatures. The 2000–2002 drought in the southwestern United States was one of the most severe in the last 50 years. It led to a severe outbreak of bark beetles that resulted in high mortality of pinon pine (Pinus edulis) trees on the Pajarito Plateau in Northern New Mexico beginning in 2002. Many areas in pinon-juniper habitat had entire stands of pinon die leaving only juniper (Juniperus spp.). Point count surveys were used to determine avian responses to tree mortality from 2003 to 2013. We also tested whether birds responded differently in sites that were mechanically thinned in 2002 and 2003 on Los Alamos National Laboratory property compared to sites not thinned. Junipers and dead pinon pines due to bark beetles and drought were removed on thinned sites. Richness, diversity, and abundance steadily declined after 2003. There was a 73% decrease in abundance and a 45% decrease in richness from 2003 to 2013. There was no difference in community composition between thinned and unthinned sites. Bird abundance and species richness declined faster in thinned sites than unthinned sites, but diversity decreased similarly in both treatments. Several species disappeared over time and some declined substantially. Our results suggest a delay in bird responses to tree mortality on the Pajarito Plateau. Pinon mortality may be a significant threat to bird communities in the southwestern U.S., and tree thinning to control fire may be an added risk.
Transient Gene Expression in Suspension HEK293-EBNA1 Cells

Transient gene expression in human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells is an established approach for the rapid production of large amounts of recombinant proteins (r-proteins). Milligram to gram quantities of r-proteins can be typically obtained within less than 10 days following transfection. In this chapter, we describe a simple and robust transfection process of suspension-growing human embryo kidney 293 cells using two commercially available serum-free media and polyethylenimine as the transfection reagent. This chapter provides examples for the production and purification of a his-tagged recombinant protein and two monoclonal antibodies.
Black Lives (and stories) Matter: Race narrative therapy in Black hair care spaces

Black people suffer unjustly from police violence and race-related trauma, but limited research addresses how telling stories may play a critical role in how Black people cope in community-based spaces. This article formulates the collaboration between Black hair care spaces and psychologist to deconstruct racial experiences through Race Narrative Therapy (RNT) techniques. This convenient setting is ideal for community psychology interventions to address mental health disparities and addressing sociopolitical development.