cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origin, deposition, and alteration of the organic material in Green River shale☆

Abstract Characteristics of the organic material in Green River Formation shale suggest that this material was derived from algae that grew in ancient Eocene lakes. The basin depressions for these nonmarine lakes were formed by the uplifting of the Rocky Mountain ranges. Large quantities of soluble salts flowed into these basins from the mountain streams, increasing the salinity of the lake waters until they became chemically stratified. In the upper, relatively fresh-water section of the lakes, abundant quantities of microscopic algae and other biota grew. Lesser amounts of terrestrial plant life remains were supplied in the form of wind- or water-borne spores and in the form of water-soluble organic materials entering the in-flowing waters. The lower section of the lake waters became highly reducing and stagnant because of lack of seasonal oxidative turnovers, thus providing ideal conditions for the accumulation and preservation of the organic debris from the lake biota. Precipitation of mineral carbonates and silicates from the highly saline waters provided most of the minerals that were co-deposited with the organic matter. Carbon dioxide, which evolved from the aquatic plant life, probably influenced mineral carbonate precipitation. During the life span of a few million of years the characteristics of the lake waters varied considerably and had significant effect upon the composition of both the inorganic and organic constituents of the Green River shale. Sixty to seventy-five core samples from each of three basins of the Green River Formation were analyzed for changes in both the organic and inorganic constituents. Considerable differences in the organic components of the soluble bitumen and of the insoluble kerogen were evident. Some of these differences appeared to be related to depth of burial and some to source material and the environment of the lake waters. Compositional differences relative to lithologic differences in the sediments of the three basins were found.
Clinical use of an alpha asymmetry neurofeedback protocol in the treatment of mood disorders: Follow-up study one to five years post therapy

Abstract Background: This study reports on three of six patients who have completed an average of 27 neurofeedback sessions using a patented alpha asymmetry protocol for the treatment of depression. Method: The follow-up data, from one to five years post therapy, were derived from a single session re-test using the same alpha asymmetry protocol and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: The three patients originally diagnosed as having unipolar depression reached the training criteria for the non-depressed range by the end of their initial training, and they have maintained their normal scores for right hemisphere alpha asymmetry training over time. The follow-up Beck Depression Inventory scores were also within the normal range. Discussion: This finding is contrary to the previously held demonstrations by Davidson and Henriques regarding the stability of decreased left anterior cortical activation in remitted depression. While some patients have reported mood changes with life's vicissitudes, none have ...
Factors in the Use of Oral Contraceptives by Young Women

This study examined the use of oral contraceptives in a sample of sexually active college women. The analytic approach employed was based on Fishbein's model for the prediction of behavior, which emphasizes perceived consequences and normative influences. It was found that each of these factors was significantly related to use of oral contraception, and that a stronger relationship was obtained when both components were combined. Results suggested that nonusers are more Likely to associate oral contraception with unhealthful consequences than are users, and that users believe employment of this method enhances their sexual satisfaction. It was also suggested that the opinions of these young women's partners and close friends, but not of their parents, are reflected in respondents' use of the pill. These results were compared with earlier findings on the correlates of intentions to use oral contraceptives, and applied implications were discussed.
Identification of an African swine fever virus gene with similarity to a myeloid differentiation primary response gene and a neurovirulence-associated gene of herpes simplex virus.

Abstract Here we describe an open reading frame (LMW23-NL) in the African swine fever virus genome that possesses striking similarity to a murine myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD116) and the neurovirulence-associated gene (ICP34.5) of herpes simplex virus. In all three proteins, a centrally located acidic region precedes a highly conserved, hydrophilic 56-amino-acid domain located at the carboxy terminus. LMW23-NL predicts a highly basic protein of 184 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 21.3 kDa. The similarity of LMW23-NL to genes involved in myeloid cell differentiation and viral host range suggests a role for it in African swine fever virus host range.
Performance Comparison of Modular Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Panels

The purpose of this experiment was to create a modular photovoltaic-thermal panel, which would be easily implemented and maintained. Three different prototype panels were tested simultaneously. The system was fixed at the optimal angle of 37.95° for the local area (Rolla, Missouri).The first two panels (Panel A & B) consisted of a highly conductive thermal sheeting and different sized copper tubing. The third panel (Panel C) consisted of copper tubing with an aluminum fin. Thermal images were used to verify the heat transfer across the panels and compare with the standard photovoltaic panel. The thermal efficiencies of panels A, B and C at 0.5 gallon per minute were 33.6%, 26.4% and 28.7%, respectively. Based on the thermal efficiency of Panel A three similar PVT panels were connected in series. Panels A1-3 at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gpm had thermal gain plus electrical output equivalents of 931.9, 1281.2 and 1496.8 watts.
Preoperative gait adaptations persist one year after surgery in clinically well-functioning total hip replacement patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative gait adaptations persist one year after THR in the same set of subjects. The hypothesis tested was that hip dynamic range of motion and peak external moments during walking return to normal after THR. Hip kinematics and kinetics were measured for 28 subjects before and one year after THR and compared to those of 25 subjects with radiographically normal hips. All THR subjects improved clinically after surgery with Harris hip scores improving from 33-85 (average 53) to 61-100 (average 95) (sign test p<0.001). Preoperatively dynamic hip range of motion (ROM), and all peak external moments were reduced compared to normal (Mann-Whitney p< or =0.040). Improvement was seen in the ROM and all but the frontal plane, and external rotation peak moments (Friedman p< or =0.023). The preoperative and postoperative values of the ROM, and peak flexion, abduction and external rotation moments were all significantly correlated (Spearman p<0.020) indicating a possible learned effect from before THR surgery. Postoperative THR subjects continued to have a significantly lower than normal ROM, and peak adduction and peak internal rotation moments (Mann-Whitney p< or =0.003). Despite good to excellent clinical functional outcome, gait in THR patients does not return to normal by one year after surgery. Aggressive muscle strengthening is currently not emphasized after THR surgery. Some THR patients may benefit from more intensive rehabilitation before and after surgery.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Human Endothelial Cell Membrane Rafts: Evidence of MARCKS and MRP Regulation in the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-induced Barrier Enhancement

Endothelial cell barrier dysfunction results in the increased vascular permeability observed in inflammation, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active phosphorylated lipid growth factor released from activated platelets, enhances the endothelial cell barrier integrity in vitro and in vivo. To begin to identify the molecular mechanisms mediating S1P induced endothelial barrier enhancement, quantitative proteomics analysis (iTRAQ) was performed on membrane rafts isolated from human pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the absence or presence of S1P stimulation. Our results demonstrated that S1P mediates rapid and specific recruitment (1 microM, 5 min) of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein (MRP) to membrane rafts. Western blot experiments confirmed these findings with both MARCKS and MRP. Finally, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of MARCKS or MRP or both attenuates S1P-mediated endothelial cell barrier enhancement. These data suggest the regulation of S1P-mediated endothelial cell barrier enhancement via the cell specific localization of MARCKS and MRP and validate the utility of proteomics approaches in the identification of novel molecular targets.
Arginine vasotocin increases calling-site acquisition by nonresident male grey treefrogs

Arginine vasotocin (AVT), a neuropeptide, appears to influence mating and aggressive behaviours of males classically thought to be controlled by testosterone. We examined the effects of AVT on the calling behaviour and competitive ability of the grey treefrog Hyla versicolor under natural field conditions. AVT increased the probability that males produced advertisement calls from a resident's calling site. Most intriguing, AVT increased an intruder male's ability to acquire calling sites from resident males without physical aggression in staged encounters. This is particularly significant because resident males typically win encounters over intruders. This is the first study demonstrating that AVT manipulations in a natural population can directly influence the outcome of male-male competition for a resource and reverse the resident-male advantage. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Ultraconserved coding regions outside the homeobox of mammalian Hox genes

All bilaterian animals share a general genetic framework that controls the formation of their body structures, although their forms are highly diversified. The Hox genes that encode transcription factors play a central role in this framework. All Hox proteins contain a highly conserved homeodomain encoded by the homeobox motif, but the other regions are generally assumed to be less conserved. In this study, we used comparative genomic methods to infer possible functional elements in the coding regions of mammalian Hox genes. We identified a set of ultraconserved coding regions (UCRs) outside the homeobox of mammalian Hox genes. Here a UCR is defined as a region of at least 120 nucleotides without synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions among different orders of mammals. Further analysis has indicated that these UCRs occur only in placental mammals and they evolved apparently after the split of placental mammals from marsupials. Analysis of human SNP data suggests that these UCRs are maintained by strong purifying selection. Although mammalian genomes are known to contain ultraconserved non-coding elements (UNEs), this paper seems to be the first to report the UCRs in protein coding genes. The extremely high degree of sequence conservation in non-homeobox regions suggests that they might have important roles for the functions of Hox genes. We speculate that UCRs have some gene regulatory functions possibly in relation to the development of the intra-uterus child-bearing system.
Newer Techniques of Transseptal Left-Heart Catheterization

1. Teflon tubing is ideally suited for transseptal catheterization because of its low coefficient of friction. 2. Catheterization of the left ventricle can be easily performed with a maneuverable spring guide. 3. A Teflon-tipped cannula and a tough, flexible, Teflon guide are used for percutaneous catheter insertions. 4. Safety measures used in transseptal puncture are described. 5. Simultaneous percutaneous insertion of a retrograde Teflon aortic catheter and the transseptal catheter permit transvalvular gradients to be obtained even when a diseased mitral or aortic valve cannot be crossed.
Factors associated with relapse and survival in Wilms tumor: a multivariate analysis.

Abstract Purpose Lymph node metastasis and anaplasia predict relapse-free survival in Wilms tumor. We performed a multivariate analysis of our institutional database to identify factors independently associated with relapse-free and overall survival. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases of confirmed Wilms tumor diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 and treated at our institution. The log-rank test was used to screen variables for consideration in the proportional hazards model. Results A total of 95 patients were treated at our institution during the study period, with a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Factors correlated with overall survival in the univariate analysis were local disease, metastasis, tumor size, anaplasia, renal vein tumor thrombus, inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, lymph node positivity, and tumor rupture. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased risk of death were lymph node positivity and anaplasia. Factors correlated with probability of relapse in the univariate analysis were lymph node positivity, anaplasia, and female sex. All 3 of these factors were also independently significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion Lymph node involvement and anaplasia are significantly correlated with probability of relapse and overall survival, reemphasizing the strong recommendation to sample regional lymph nodes during Wilms tumor resection.
Recent progress in analysis of seismically thin beds

Various approaches exist for quantitative or qualitative predictions of seismically thin beds and their physical properties. The evolving definition of thin beds, the use of seismic attributes indicative of thin beds, thin-bed imaging on geologic-time surfaces, and thin-bed thickness estimation represent some of the most active aspects of the research and application. We reviewed some theoretical and technological developments in thin-bed analysis over recent decades. We also reviewed the data processing steps that affect seismic resolution and thin-bed evaluation.
The differential diagnosis of language in the brain-injured adult

Abstract This article discusses the differential language characteristics in patients with aphasia, generalized intellectual impairment, apraxia of speech, and confused language. Preliminary findings indicated the following: The aphasic group had the highest overall language impairment with particular difficulty in auditory retention span, naming, and fluency (reduced). The generalized intellectual impairment group had a mild impairment of all language functions. The apraxia of speech group showed minimal or no impairment in overall language functions with reduced fluency standing out as a differential feature. The confused language group showed a language impairment almost as high as the aphasics along with the striking characteristic of irrelevant responses. A brief review on aphasia testing is presented to indicate the evolvement of the kinds of tools available for making a differential diagnosis of the language impaired adult.
Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change

There has been a growing attention on the need to take into account the effects of global climate change. This is particularly so with respect to the increasing amount of green house gas emissions from the Untied States and Europe affecting poor peoples, especially those in developing countries. In 2003, for example, the experts of several international development agencies, including the World Bank, prepared a special report titled “Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation” (OECD 2003). This report followed the Eighth Session of the Conference of Parties (COP8) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in New Delhi, India in October 2002. It showed that poverty reduction is not only one of the major challenges of the 21st century, but also that climate change is taking place in many developing countries and is increasingly affecting, in a negative fashion, both the economic conditions and the health of poor people and their communities.
Construction of Petri net based mathematical models of an FMS cell

The authors present the modeling and analysis of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) cell using Petri nets. To illustrate how a Petri net with desirable properties can be modeled, they describe the detailed modeling process for this cell. During the process, top-down refinement, system decomposition, and modular compositions ideas are used to achieve the hierarchy and preservation of important system properties. These properties include liveness, boundedness, and reversibility. The analysis of a timed Petri net for cycle time is presented. The timed Petri net is first converted into an equivalent timed marked graph. Then the standard procedure to find the cycle time for marked graphs is applied. >
An analysis of the leakages of sodium ions into and potassium ions out of striated muscle cells.

Net sodium influx under K-free conditions was independent of the intracellular sodium ion concentration, [Na]i, and was increased by ouabain. Unidirectional sodium influx was the sum of a component independent of [Na]i and a component that increased linearly with increasing [Na]i. Net influx of sodium ions in K-free solutions varied with the external sodium ion concentration, [Na]o, and a steady-state balance of the sodium ion fluxes occurred at [Na]o = 40 mM. When solutions were K-free and contained 10-4 M ouabain, net sodium influx varied linearly with [Na]o and a steady state for the intracellular sodium was observed at [Na]o = 13 mM. The steady state observed in the presence of ouabain was the result of a pump-leak balance as the external sodium ion concentration with which the muscle sodium would be in equilibrium, under these conditions, was 0.11 mM. The rate constant for total potassium loss to K-free Ringer solution was independent of [Na]i but dependent on [Na]o. Replacing external NaCl with MgCl2 brought about reductions in net potassium efflux. Ouabain was without effect on net potassium efflux in K-free Ringer solution with [Na]o = 120 mM, but increased potassium efflux in a medium with NaCl replaced by MgCl2. When muscles were enriched with sodium ions, potassium efflux into K-free, Mg++-substituted Ringer solution fell to around 0.1 pmol/cm2·s and was increased 14-fold by addition of ouabain.
The Essence of Technology and the Education of Teachers

The essence of technology is by no means anything technological. Thus we shall never experience our relationship to the essence of technology so long as we merely conceive and push forward the technological, put up with it, or evade it. Every where, we remain unfree and chained to technology, whether we passionately affirm or deny it. But we are delivered over to it in the worst possible way when we regard it as something neutral; for this conception of it, to which today we particularly like to do homage, makes us utterly blind to the essence of technology (Heidegger, 1977, p.4).
Assessment of Coronary Blood Flow by Transesophageal Echocardiography.

A 49-YEAR-OLD MALE presented in extremis after 3 weeks of malaise. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed mild mitral regurgitation, mild pulmonic valve insufficiency (PI), and severe aortic insufficiency (AI) with a large mobile target on the aortic valve. Left heart catheterization confirmed the presence of severe AI and showed the presence of left-dominant circulation and the proximal occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) by a pseudoaneurysm of the aortic annulus lateral to the left coronary sinus of Valsalva (Fig 1). The patient was taken to the operating room for aortic valve conduit root replacement with coronary reconstruction (Bentall procedure) and possible coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) of the LCx. The prebypass intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examination confirmed the findings of the preoperative studies but also showed severe PI and wall motion abnormalities in the inferior and lateral walls, consistent with left-dominant coronary circulation and LCx ischemia (Video 1). The patient underwent a Bentall procedure with a 21-mm Medtronic Freestyle porcine root (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), pulmonic valve replacement with a 27-mm CarpentierEdwards Perimount Magna pericardial valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA), and saphenous vein harvest in anticipation of possible CABG. After excision of the aortic root pseudoaneurysm, the LCx artery looked normal during surgical inspection. Therefore, the decision was made to forego grafting of the LCx. The patient was successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After the patient was weaned from CPB, TEE showed well-positioned and well-functioning aortic and pulmonic prosthetic valves but persistence of wall motion abnormalities in the LCx territory. Should CABG of the LCx be performed at this time due to the possibility of damage to the LCx after prolonged compression?
“It Really Is Not Just Gay, but African American Gay”: The Impact of Community and Church on the Experiences of Black Lesbians Living in North Central Florida

The experiences of Black lesbians highlight the unique circumstance found at the intersection of sexuality, race, and gender. However, most sexuality research tends to focus on White lesbians and White gay men, and most race research tends to focus on Black heterosexuals. Furthermore, research on the Black gay community tends to focus on those living in the Northeast or on the West Coast, neglecting experiences of those living in the more politically, socially, and religiously conservative South. This article draws on data obtained from semistructured interviews with 12 Black lesbians living in north central Florida, exploring their perspectives as they negotiate a social world of intersecting oppressions. Participants especially highlight how they contextualized their sexuality in racialized terms and negotiated it in racially defined communities.
Not Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice: Name-Letter Preferences as a Predictor of Daily Hostile Behavior

Some theories of self-enhancement posit that very positive views of the self can disinhibit acting hostilely toward others, particularly in the context of provocation or negative feedback. Dynamics of this type was proposed as a function of individual differences in implicit egotism. Individual differences in implicit egotism were quantified on the basis of name-letter preferences, following which the same (N = 97) participants completed a daily life protocol for two consecutive weeks. Cross-level interactions revealed that the highest frequencies of hostile behavior were particular to participants high (relative to low) in implicit egotism on days of high provocation or negative feedback. The findings encourage greater attention to the potential interpersonal costs of high levels of implicit egotism.
Understanding the role of grafted polystyrene chain conformation in assembly of magnetic nanoparticles

Polystyrene-grafted iron oxide nanoparticles have been shown to phase separate into ordered morphologies of strings, well-dispersed particles, and spherical aggregates at low graft densities in polymer matrices. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering experiments are performed to reveal the role of grafted chain conformation on nanoparticle assemblies. We demonstrate that chains grafted at low densities follow Gaussian statistics at any dispersion states. These results suggest that grafted chains are not distorted but remain Gaussian when particles are aggregated into strings. Small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering results show that matrix chains do not influence the formation of strings, but have a significant impact on the size and internal structure of aggregated particles. We conclude that spherical aggregates of nanoparticles with low polymer graft densities are akin to interpenetrating networks in which free matrix chains bridge the fractals of particles and control the cluster density.
A way of simulating coal handling flow of coal conveying belt by using hopper balance

The method of simulating coal handling flow of coal conveying belt of bridge type grab ship unloader is realized based on programmable logic controller(PLC) system.Its basic mechanism was introduced and some practical programs were given in the paper,with which the investment of coal conveying belt and the expense of maintenance can be cut down on.
SU-G-206-08: How Should Focal Spot Be Chosen for Optimized CT Imaging with Dose Modulation?

Purpose: To choose the preferred focal spot for achieving optimized CT image quality with balanced tube heating considerations. Methods: An anthropomorphic pelvic phantom was scanned using a GE Discovery CT750 HD at 120 and 140kVp, 0.8s rotation time, and pitch of 0.984. “Smart mA” was enabled to simulate a routine abdomen–pelvis CT scan. Permissible mA values at 120 and 140 kVp were obtained from the Serial Load Rating table (for mimicking a busy CT clinical operation) in the scanner Technical Reference Manual. At each kVp station and two Noise Index levels, the mA Upper Limit was set above/below the permissible mA values. Scanned mA values and focal spot (FS) used were obtained from the DICOM header of each image, and the FS-mA relationship was analyzed. For visual confirmation beyond recorded FS information, a CatPhan with a fat-ring attached for mimicking patient size/shape was scanned at 120kVp. A group of radiologists/physicists compared a pair of CatPhan images qualitatively. Lastly, a number of patient cases were evaluated to confirm the FS-mA relationship. Results: When preset Upper Limit values were above the permissible mA values, the Large FS (labeled 1.2) was used in scans, even if the maximum scanned mA values were much lower than the permissible values at both 120 and 140 kVp. Otherwise the Small FS (labeled 0.7) was used. Visual evaluation of the high contrast module of CatPhan and additional analysis of patient cases further confirmed that the preset Upper Limit determines which focal spot is to be used, not the actual maximum mA value to be scanned. Conclusion: Specific FS can be selected by setting up appropriate mA Upper Limit in a protocol. CT protocols could be optimized by selecting appropriate FS for improving patient image quality, especially benefiting the small size and pediatric patients.
Cell-free human amniotic fluid as culture medium for mouse and human embryos.

Abstract Differences between murine and human preimplantation embryonic growth in cell-free human amniotic fluid and medium F -10 supplemented with human fetal cord serum were assessed. Two-cell mouse embryos cultured in human amniotic fluid developed more consistently to the expanded blastocyst stage than those cultured in F-10. No significant difference in human preimplantation embryo cleavage was observed between the two culture conditions. However, amniotic fluid was significantly worse than F-10 +human serum in its ability to maintain embryos that could establish pregnancy after transfer.
Data Requirements for Design

Once the propeller hub position is located with respect to the boat and the calm water surface, the following propeller data must be either specified or determinable in terms of that specified. It is assumed that the reader has some prior knowledge of basic propeller geometry and terminology, as required by VsProp, as well as some exposure to practical marine propeller design. Some of these will be specified and explained in advance and others will be generated in the progress of the material development:
The propagation of everyday prosociality in the workplace

AbstractProsocial behaviors typically benefit those who perform them but can create mixed emotions in recipients. Yet, how does prosociality affect the well-being of those who merely observe it? The current study aimed to answer this question by experimentally prompting employees to perform prosocial acts at work (Givers), be the recipient of such acts (Receivers), or to do neither (Observers). Our focus was on everyday prosociality, which involves kind acts directed at those in one’s social circle, rather than at individuals in need. Social proximity to Givers, but not Receivers, positively predicted boosts in well-being. Indeed, social proximity to Receivers was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward decreased well-being. However, both social proximity to Givers and social proximity to Receivers predicted increases in prosocial behavior among Observers. These results suggest that prosocial behavior and its emotional benefits propagate through social networks, particularly for those in close socia...
Recruiting, Funding, and Hiring of Doctoral Students in Physical Education Teacher Education

ABSTRACTThis article examines trends and issues surrounding recruiting, funding, and hiring of doctoral physical education teacher education (D-PETE) students and graduates. Sources for this examination were background data collected by Boyce and her colleagues, the existing literature on these topics, and qualitative data gathered from 30 sport pedagogists during one round-table session at the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education (NAKHE) conference in January 2015. All three sources indicated the importance of recruiting and funding of students and hiring of graduates to the future of D-PETE programs. A number of paths were identified which sport pedagogists could follow in order to keep D-PETE programs safe and help them flourish. Unfortunately, agreement as to which of these paths the field should take was often in short supply. In the conclusions section, suggestions for future research of recruiting, funding, and hiring are made with the goal of providing data which could lead to ...
CV, ECV, and Robust CV designs for replications under a class of linear models in factorial experiments

Abstract A class of linear models is considered for describing the data collected from an experiment. Any two models have some common as well as uncommon parameters. To discriminate between any two models, the uncommon parameters play a major role. A common variance (CV) design is proposed for collecting the data so that all the uncommon parameters are estimated with as similar variances as possible in all models. The variance equality for a CV design is attained exactly when there is one uncommon parameter for any two models within the class. A new concept “Robust CV designs for replications” having the possibility of replicated observations is introduced. The conditions are presented for a CV design having no replicated observations to be robust for general replicated observations. A CV design having no replicated observations is always robust for any equally replicated observations. In the class of linear models considered for factorial experiments, the common parameters for all models correspond to the general mean and main effects, and the other parameters correspond to two factor interactions. Two general CV designs are presented for three level factorial experiments. Examples of Efficient CV (ECV) designs as well as Robust CV designs for general replicated observations are also presented. A simple illustrative example of the complete 2 × 3 factorial design is demonstrated to be not a CV design and then the condition on replications of each run is obtained to turn it into a CV design.
Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries with Intellectual Disability

Using nationally-representative survey data on working-age SSI and SSDI beneficiaries, this paper presents a profile of the characteristics, employment, and income sources of beneficiaries with intellectual disability, and compares them with other working-age SSI and SSDI beneficiaries.
Engineering a platform: The construction of interfaces, users, organizational roles, and the division of labor:

Internet “platforms” like Facebook and YouTube often avoid accountability and regulation by claiming that they are mere software infrastructures with little oversight over their users. Scholars in ...
Sustainability boot camp: Bridging disciplines to create a sustainable future

ABSTRACTToday’s college graduates seek employment that contributes to sustainability, while employers seek new employees who have practical, hands-on experience addressing sustainability challenges. However, few students emerge from university with the mindset and tools to immediately apply sustainability concepts to the challenges they face. A multidisciplinary, immersive, co-curricular “boot camp” sustainability learning experience can address these challenges. This article describes the design and pilot testing of a sustainability boot camp at Virginia Tech involving a team of nine interdisciplinary faculty fellows from 6 colleges and insight from over 200 sustainability experts from multiple domains. Learning outcomes were developed based on thematic analysis of industry interviews from multiple sectors, yielding a set of competencies that companies seek in new hires for sustainability positions. The program is structured around three elements (sustainability integration, professional development, and...
Interactions between the Design Factors of Airplane Artificial Horizon Displays

We investigated three interaction effects between the design factors of artificial horizon displays in the context of an airplane upset recovery task. To explain some inconsistent results from prev...
The Rubicon Already Crossed

This issue of AJOB Neuroscience was a tricky one to navigate. The prospect of a near future wherein a head transplant has become a therapeutic procedure available to people suffering from the effec...
Cohesive energy density and solubility parameter evolution during the curing of thermoset

Abstract This paper develops an approach for predicting cohesive energy density and solubility parameter of thermoset polymers directly based on atomistic simulations. The cohesive energy density and solubility parameter are obtained from the intermolecular nonbond energy, after excluding the intramolecular nonbond energy from the total nonbond energy by computationally characterizing the detailed network structure of a thermoset polymer. The effects of conversion degree and temperature on the cohesive energy density and solubility parameter are systematically investigated. It is concluded that a thermoset polymer with a higher conversion degree has a lower cohesive energy density and solubility parameter. The cohesive energy density shows a linearly decreasing relationship with the crossslink density. These properties also decrease with increasing temperature and thermoset polymers with lower conversion degrees show a more significant temperature effect.
The modification of the catalytic chain sulfhydryl group of aspartate transcarbamylase with mercurinitrophenols.

Aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli (EC 2.1.3.2) has four cysteines on each regulatory chain and one cysteine on each catalytic chain. The catalytic chain (C chain) thiol of aspartate transcarbamylase is resistant to most sulfhydryl reagents, but reacts rapidly and specifically with 2-chloromercuri-li-nitropheno1 (Evans, D. R., McMurray, C. H., and Lipscomb, W. N. (1972) Proc. NatZ. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 69, 3638-3642). Here we show that the specific modification of the catalytic chain sulfhydryl residues depends on the structure of the mercurial and the pH and chloride ion concentration. A comparison of the specificity of the reaction of 14 aryl mercurials with aspartate transcarbamylase indicated that all of the reactive compounds have an ionized phenolic hydroxyl group positioned ortho to the mercury atom. The pH rate profile for 2-chloromercuri-4nitrophenol is bell shaped, exhibiting a maximum at pH 7.5. Below pH 6 and above pH 9, the mercurial reacts exclusively with the thiol groups on the regulatory chain. The rate enhancement with increasing pH on the acidic side of the optimum is probably associated with the ionization of the phenolic hydroxyl group (pK = 6.5) on the mercurial. The second order rate constant for the reaction of 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol increases with chloride ion concentration to a maximum at 20 mM, but begks to decrease at chloride concentrations above 50 IXIM. The hyperreactivity of 2-chloromercuri-4-nitropheno1 is probably due to a specific binding and orientation interaction between the phenolate ion of the mercurial and either the thiol itself or a nearby positive charged residue on the enzyme. The inhibition of enzymatic activity in aspartate transcarbamylase derivatives prepared by reacting only a fraction of the catalytic chain sulfhydryl groups with nitromercurials is complex. Sites to which the mercurial is covalently bound are completely inactivated, but there is also an indirect inhibition of activity at unmodified neighboring sites. The latter type of inhibition is reversed at high concentrations of aspartate.
Illumination and Darkness in the Song of Songs

As a tiny pebble dropped in a pond sends its ripples across the surface to the furthest shore, so the Song of Songs, one of the shortest books of the Bible and one in which neither the name of God nor any national or religious concern is ever explicitly mentioned, remarkably resonates and reverberates throughout Jewish and Christian culture, as though it were understood to embody the central truth and mystery of the human condition. The Song and its imagery resonate backwards and forwards through the other books of the Old and New Testaments, establishing a rich intertextuality in which the original blessing of Creation, epitomized and embodied in the one-flesh union of Adam and Eve (Earth-man and Life-mother) in the garden, seen as lost or distorted in the present alienated human condition, presentifies itself as restored and redeemed in another garden in the graced, non-oppressive love relation of the lovers of the Song of Songs. And this image, in turn, is viewed in Christian typological eschatology as foreshadowing the messianic Marriage of the Lamb in the heavenly garden — as in Van Eyck’s Ghent Altarpiece.
Postoperative Paralysis, Skin Lesions, and Corneal Abrasions After Neurosurgery

Although many complications attributed to anesthesia occur during the intraoperative period, several manifest later. In the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) problems that are dreaded and some that are non-life-threatening may manifest. Postoperative paralysis is a serious complication of neurosurgery, whereas skin lesions and corneal abrasions can be bothersome, but are rarely considered major issues. This section focuses on these three problems for patients following brain and spine-related procedures.
Mixed Race Families in South Africa: Naming and Claiming a Location

ABSTRACTThe very act of living across racial boundaries or borders is a challenge to existing ideologies and social structures. Through in depth interviews with ten South Africans, I explore the bo...
When to Cheat: Modeling Dynamics of Paternity and Promiscuity in Socially Monogamous Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

In many socially monogamous species, individuals form long-term pair bonds and males mate guard females. Such behavior is thought to help secure intra-pair fertilizations, the result of intra-pair copulations (IPCs), and ensure paternity. However, socially monogamous males are also often opportunistic and seek additional mating opportunities with other females, leaving their partner unguarded. The success associated with a male’s decision to seek more mates over guarding his partner might be impacted by the activity of other males, specifically the proportion of other males leaving their territories to seek extra-pair copulations (EPCs). The amount of EPC-seeking males can impact the likelihood of a given male encountering an unguarded paired female, but also of being cuckolded (losing IPCs). It remains unclear under which conditions it is optimal to stay and guard or seek EPCs. Using field data from socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to generate parameters, we used optimal performance modeling (Monte Carlo simulations) to ask when is it most reproductively advantageous for a bonded male to seek EPCs, despite the risk of losing IPCs. We defined three types of males: exclusive mating bonded males (true residents), non-exclusive mating bonded residents (roving residents), and unpaired males (wanderers). We first modeled the success of an individual male living in a context that incorporated only true and roving residents. We next added wandering males to this model. Finally, we considered the effects of including wandering males and unpaired females in our model. For all contexts, we found that as EPC-seeking in the population increases, the potential reproductive benefit for seeking EPCs increasingly outpaces the rate of cuckolding. In other words, we observe a shift in optimal strategy from true residents to rovers among paired males. Our models also demonstrate that reproductive fitness is likely to remain constant, despite the shift toward obtaining success via EPCs over IPCs. Our results show the dynamic nature of reproductive decision-making, and demonstrate that alternative reproductive decisions yield subtle but important differences despite appearing as balanced strategies.
CART19 in Hodgkin lymphoma: are we driving the right model?

In this issue of Blood, Svoboda and colleagues describe, for the first time, the safety, feasibility, and activity of a nonviral RNA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T-cell (CART) construct targeting CD19 in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).1
Critical (of) Anti-Bias Research, Practice and Policy in Education, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling: the Nexus of Research, Practice, and Policy

In society today, we are presented with a paradox of sorts: on one hand, there have been significant social and political advances regarding sexual orientation and gender identity. In the United St...
Discontinuous Solutions of Axisymmetric Elasticity Theory for a Piecewise Homogeneous Layered Space with Periodical Interfacial Disk-Shape Defects

By the method of Hankel integral transformation, discontinuous solutions of equations of the axisymmetric elasticity theory are constructed for a piecewise homogeneous uniform layered space obtained by alternately joining two heterogeneous layers of equal thickness and whose junction contains a periodic system of parallel circular disk-shaped defects. On the basis of the solutions found, as examples, the governing systems of integral equations with Weber–Sonin kernels are presented for two cases: with defects in the form of absolutely rigid disk-shape inclusions and circular cracks. Using rotation operators, the governing systems of equations, in both cases, are reduced to a singular integral equation of the second kind, which is solved by the method of mechanical quadratures. Simple formulas for determining the rigid-body displacement of inclusions and crack opening are obtained.
Whole farm safety net programs: an emerging US farm policy evolution?

The 2018 farm bill is the latest in a history that dates to 1933. Commodity assistance is the only program in all farm bills, but with evolutionary changes. Current farm commodity programs largely make payments to farms, a stark contrast to the 1930s when they limited supply, put a floor under market price, and dampened price increases via public stocks. Crop insurance, which began as an experimental pilot program in 1938, now has its own farm bill title. Almost all commodity and insurance programs have provided assistance based on a calculation specific to an individual commodity's price and/or yield. However, an evolutionary change to whole farm commodity programs may be in its infant stages. They provide assistance for variation in a farm's aggregate revenue across multiple crops. Whole farm experiments currently exist in both the commodity and crop insurance titles. Analysis of a whole farm commodity program finds that its payments differ by year from actual payments made by current commodity programs and are smaller in total.
Washington’s High-Ability Programs During the No Child Left Behind Era:

This study used historical data to find associations between changes in policies, funding, and accountability stemming from No Child Left Behind and the provision of services offered to students id...
Light control of surface–bulk coupling by terahertz vibrational coherence in a topological insulator

The demand for disorder-tolerant quantum logic and spin electronics can be met by generating and controlling dissipationless spin currents protected by topology. Dirac fermions with helical spin-locking surface transport offer a way of achieving such a goal. Yet, surface-bulk coupling can lead to strong Dirac electron scattering with bulk carriers and phonons as well as impurities, assisted by such dissipative channel, which results in “topological breakdown”. Here, we demonstrate that coherent lattice vibrations periodically driven by a single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulse can significantly suppress such dissipative channel in topological insulators. This is achieved by reducing the phase space in the bulk available for Dirac fermion scattering into during coherent lattice oscillations in Bi2Se3. This light-induced suppression manifests as a remarkable transition exclusively in surface transport, absent for bulk, above the THz electric fields for driving coherent phonons, which prolongs the surface transport lifetime. These results, together with simulations, identify the critical role of spin–orbit coupling for the “phase space contraction” mechanism that suppresses the surface-bulk coupling. Imposing vibrational quantum coherence into topological states of matter may become a universal light control principle for reinforcing the symmetry-protected helical transport.
The Relationship of Loneliness to End-of-Life Experience in Older Americans: A Cohort Study.

Objectives Little is known about the relationship between loneliness and end-of-life (EOL) experience including symptom burden, intensity of care, and advance care planning among older adults. Design Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Setting Population based. Participants Decedents older than 50 years who died between 2004 and 2014 (n = 8700). Exclusions included those who were ineligible for surveys assessing loneliness (n = 2932) or had missing or incomplete loneliness or symptom data (n = 2872). Measurements Individuals were characterized as lonely based on responses to the three-item Revised University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale in the most recent HRS survey before death. Outcomes were proxy reports of total EOL symptom burden, intensity of EOL care (eg, late hospice enrollment, place of death, hospitalizations, use of life support), and advance care planning. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results One-third of 2896 decedents (n = 942) were lonely. After adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, multimorbidity, depressive symptoms, family and friends, and social support, loneliness was independently associated with increased total symptom burden at EOL (s = .13; P = .004). Compared with nonlonely individuals, lonely decedents were more likely to use life support in the last 2 years of life (35.5% vs 29.4%; aOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.08-1.71) and more likely to die in a nursing home (18.4% vs 14.2%; aOR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.30-2.42). No significant differences in other measures of intense care (late hospice enrollment, number of hospitalizations, or dialysis use) or likelihood of advance care planning were observed. Conclusion Lonely older people may be burdened by more symptoms and may be exposed to more intense EOL care compared with nonlonely people. Interventions aiming to screen for, prevent, and mitigate loneliness during the vulnerable EOL period are necessary. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1064-1071, 2020.