cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Projectile Fragmentation Studies with the Most Exotic Nuclei

The Al200 projectile fragment separator has been operated at the NSCL for more than seven years. This device has delivered exotic nuclei from the fragmentation of a large variety of projectiles that extends out to the limits of stability. The complexity of the measurements with the most exotic nuclei has evolved during this period from simple identification and decay studies to sophisticated studies of secondary nuclear reactions. Recent examples that will be presented include the coulomb excitation of neutron-rich nuclei in the sulfur-argon region with comparative studies of the (p,p’) reaction with the same nuclei and a study of the (d,n) reaction of 7Be to form the ground state of 8B performed in inverse kinematics as a prototype for studying direct reactions. The results of all of these reactions were compared with a number of DWBA analyses and indicate the need for more theoretical work. The Al200 will be de-commissioned in July, 1999 and will be replaced with a new device with a much larger acceptance and higher resolution. The progress of the up-grade project is also very briefly summarized.
Protein Sequencing and Covalent Processing

To understand the control of cellular processes at the molecular level, it is important to ascertain the molecular anatomy of constituent receptors, transducers, messengers and enzymes. Although an ultimate goal of such studies is to visualize the three-dimensional interactions of these complex proteins with their regulators and their targets, this level of understanding is only available among a small number of proteins that have been crystallized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques. Amino acid sequence information is available in a much larger number of cases, as determined either by protein chemistry or by analysis of the corresponding DNA. At this level these findings may provide knowledge of the specific location of binding sites within the linear sequences, information concerning modes of regulation (e.g. by phosphorylation or by limited proteolysis), understanding of the domain or subunit sub- structural arrangements, and an inkling of the evolutionary history in their background.
Developing a kit and video to standardize changes of left ventricular assist device dressings

Context-Driveline infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Our center developed 2 LVAD dressing change kits and instructional videos for the purpose of standardizing a protocol for the dressing changes. Objective-To develop 2 different types of driveline dressing kits and videos to help in standardizing the education of our patients, caregivers, and staff. Design-A survey to evaluate patient, caregiver, and staff satisfaction and ease of use relating to the newly implemented dressing kits and videos. A comparison of driveline infection rates before and after the quality improvement project also was conducted. Patients/Participants, Settings-LVAD patients, their caregivers, and staff from Spectrum Health in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Results-Surveys were sent to 80 patient/caregiver pairs and 330 staff members. A total of 5 patients, 10 caregivers, and 48 staff members completed the surveys. All participants agreed that patients' driveline sites looked about the same, if not better than, they did before the kits were made available. They also overwhelmingly agreed that the kits were convenient (98%) and easy to use (99%). Patients and their caregivers gave favorable responses to the videos. The project experienced a slight increase in driveline infection rates, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion-Standardizing and producing a driveline kit facilitates the delivery of care in an LVAD program.
Plywood and Similar Wood Products

One of the most important wood products for structural use is plywood. It is used for roof and floor sheathing, concrete formwork, webs of wood beams, and even the hulls of boats. It can be used to resist gravity loads or to resist lateral loads as in plywood diaphragms and shearwalls. Because of the way plywood is manufactured, it has more nearly isotropic properties and greater dimensional stability (resistance to change in dimension with moisture content) than sawn lumber. The dimensional change of plywood is only about one-tenth of that for solid timber over any given range in temperatures and relative humidities (1). Other manufactured wood products such as particleboard and insulation board have found general acceptance as building materials.
Effects of motility inhibitors during sea urchin fertilization: Microfilament inhibitors prevent sperm incorporation and restructuring of fertilized egg cortex, whereas microtubule inhibitors prevent pronuclear migrations

Abstract The sensitivity of specific stages of fertilization to microfilament inhibitors (cytochalasins B (CB), D (CD), and E (CE) and phalloidin) and to inhibitors of microtubule assembly (colcemid (CMD), colchicine (CLC), griseofulvin (GSF), maytansine (MAY), nocodazole (NCD), podophyllotoxin (PDP), and vinblastine (VB)) was investigated using differential interference contrast, time-lapse video microscopy of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Cytochalasins (CD⩾CE>CB) will prevent sperm incorporation if added prior to or simultaneous with insemination. Sperm-egg fusion and the cortical reaction appear normal, but then the subsequent elevation of the fertilization coat lifts and eventually detaches the ‘fertilizing’ sperm from the egg plasma membrane. When the cytochalasins are added after fusion, the forming fertilization cone is rapidly resorbed, and the lateral displacement of the sperm along the egg cortex is terminated; the pronuclear migrations and mitoses occur normally though cytokinesis is never observed. Cytochalasin treatment before or within 2 min of insemination results in the development of aberrant egg cortices, whereas cytochalasin treatments after 2 min post-fusion have little effect. Phalloidin results in large and long-lasting fertilization cones and a retardation of the rate of sperm incorporation. Eggs exposed to any of the microtubule inhibitors 15 min prior to insemination will incorporate the spermatozoon, though the formation of the sperm aster and the accompanying pronuclear migrations are prevented. Interestingly, the final stage of sperm incorporation involving a lateral displacement of the sperm along the egg cortex is greater (27.1 vs 12.4 μm in controls) and faster (5.4 vs 3.5 μm/min in controls) in microtubule-inhibited eggs. GSF and VB, which readily permeate fertilized eggs, will prevent the formation of the sperm aster if added 3 min after sperm-egg fusion, they will prevent the migration of the female pronucleus if added 5 or 7 min after sperm-egg fusion, pronuclear centration if added 10 min post-fusion, and syngamy if added 12 min post-fusion. CLC- or CMD- treated eggs will develop normally if these drugs are photochemically inactivated with 366 nm light within 4 min post-fusion, arguing that sperm incorporation is completely independent of assembling microtubules. These results indicate that microfilament inhibitors will prevent sperm incorporation and the restructuring of the fertilized egg cortex, and that microtubule inhibitors will prevent the formation and functioning of the sperm aster during the pronuclear migrations; an interplay between cortical microfilaments and cytoplasmic microtubules appears required for the successful completion of fertilization.
An adaptive nearest neighbor classification algorithm for data streams

In this paper, we propose an incremental classification algorithm which uses a multi-resolution data representation to find adaptive nearest neighbors of a test point. The algorithm achieves excellent performance by using small classifier ensembles where approximation error bounds are guaranteed for each ensemble size. The very low update cost of our incremental classifier makes it highly suitable for data stream applications. Tests performed on both synthetic and real-life data indicate that our new classifier outperforms existing algorithms for data streams in terms of accuracy and computational costs.
Learning to live with risk

How can cultural heritage institutions use new technologies to improve access to holdings for remote users when so much material is protected by copyright and the repository is normally not the copyright owner? Many American institutions have put material online even when they do not own the copyright, after taking thoughtful measures to minimize the risk that this may incur. Others have elected to forego any efforts to control the use of public domain reproductions from their holdings.
Moving beyond intentions and toward the theory of trying: effects of work environment and gender on post-adoption information technology use

Grounded in the theory of trying, this study examines the influence of the work environment and gender on trying to innovate with information technology. The study extends the innovation diffusion literature by offering a theory-driven explanation for examining trying to innovate with IT and a parsimonious measure for this construct. Drawing on the theory of reasoned action, we argue that work environment impediments render intentions inadequate for examining post-adoption IT use. Instead of examining intentions, we introduce the goal-based construct of trying to innovate with IT as an appropriate dependent variable for examining post-adoption IT use. Statistical analysis supports the reliability and validity of a parsimonious measure of trying to innovate with IT. The study focuses on two research questions. First, do perceptions of the work environment such as overload and autonomy influence individuals' trying to innovate with IT? Second, does gender influence the relationship between perceptions of the environment and trying to innovate with IT? The model articulates how perceptions of the environment moderated by gender may influence trying to innovate with IT. Results provide evidence that overload and autonomy are antecedents to trying to innovate with information technology. Further, findings confirm that autonomy interacts with overload to determine trying to innovate with IT and that these relationships vary by gender. Implications for research and practice are offered.
Stress analyses of knee prostheses

A preliminary investigation of the surface strains and stresses in human tibia with and without Shaw prostheses is described. The measurements of strains and the evaluation of stresses were made for loads of 160 and 480 lb. Variation of stresses between cement and cementless joints has been determined. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis has been performed to determine the stress distribution at the interface between the implant and the bone. Measured surface strains on the tibia with and without prostheses have been correlated with the predictions of the finite-element analysis. >
Migration to Britain from South Asia, 1600s–1850s

Men and women from South Asia (what would become India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) have chosen to settle in the British Isles since the early seventeenth century. By the mid-nineteenth century, tens of thousands had arrived, some remaining permanently, more returning home. Their complex and often contested relationships with the native British population shifted with the onset and expansion of imperialism. Early settlers had experiences different from those of their successors during the high-colonial and post-colonial periods. This article considers the historiography about the diverse early South Asian settlers in Britain – the disparate sources available in several languages and how various historians and other commentators have represented these sources and these settlers both. Given the current political, cultural, and social tensions concerning Asians in multicultural Britain, we would do well to understand this early history in its contemporary terms as well as in our own.
Improving interactive multisensory simulation and rendering through focus on perceptual processes

In this dissertation we present a novel approach to the design of multisensory interactive applications. We develop methods that improve the effectiveness of this type of application by incorporating the existing understanding of the human perceptual system. We quantitatively demonstrate the validity of our techniques through user studies and laboratory measurement. Explicitly including the human user as a part of the model for interactive application design, we propose a design approach for training simulators that augments the dynamical simulation of an interactive task (e.g., a surgical procedure) with feedback that highlights the aspects of the interaction that are perceptually pertinent for the purposes of training. We show how this type of augmentation can improve the training effectiveness of a simulator without necessitating more expensive rendering hardware. To make our perceptually-based augmentation technique more useable by application designers, we propose a decomposition approach to simplify the general process of developing the appropriate augmentation for a training simulator. We validated our approach by applying it to the design of a training simulator for a haptic search task; we conducted a user study that found a statistically significant improvement in the training effectiveness of the augmented simulator vs. an unaugmented simulator. We propose specific guidelines for how existing psychophysical experimental results can be used to build augmentations for training simulators. We also developed a novel rendering architecture for distributed interactive applications that is suitable for the type of perceptually augmented simulator described above. Our architecture uses prediction of perceptually pertinent interaction events to achieve application latency and asynchrony bounds that can be constrained to within psychophysically established thresholds.
T-DNA analysis of plants regenerated from hairy root tumors

Plants regenerated from hairy root tumors induced on Nicotiana glauca and Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 were examined for the presence of T-DNA. Regenerated N. tabacum plants contained intact copies of both TL-DNA and TR-DNA. However, plants regenerated from N. glauca tumors did not contain the TR-DNA region corresponding to the tms (auxin synthesis) genes. Some of the regenerants exhibited an abnormal phenotype which is characterized by severe leaf wrinkling. This phenotype is correlated with the presence of TL-DNA, but not TR-DNA.
Experimentally induced infection by oral anaerobic microorganisms in a mouse model

A mouse model was developed to study the abscessogenic potential of pure and mixed cultures of oral anaerobes associated with infections of endodontic origin. Maximum subcutaneous lesions were seen on their backs between 3 and 14 d after inoculation. Strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Veillonella parvula were pathogenic in pure culture. A mixed culture of F. nucleatum with either Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia was significantly more pathogenic than F. nucleatum in pure culture. Histopathological examination of tissue sections from control mice injected with India ink in the medium demonstrated a pathway of particulate migration from the backs of the mice to their abdomen.
Rational choice with status quo bias

Abstract Motivated by the empirical findings concerning the importance of one's current situation on her choice behavior, the main objective of this paper is to propose a rational choice theory that allows for the presence of a status quo bias, and that incorporates the standard choice theory as a special case. We follow a revealed preference approach, and obtain two nested models of rational choice that allow phenomena like the status quo bias and the endowment effect, and that are applicable in any choice situation to which the standard (static) choice model applies.
Forbidden induced subgraph characterization of cograph contractions

Let S1, S2,…,St be pairwise disjoint non-empty stable sets in a graph H. The graph H* is obtained from H by: (i) replacing each Si by a new vertex qi; (ii) joining each qi and qj, 1 ≤ i # j ≤ t, and; (iii) joining qi to all vertices in H (S1 ∪ S2 ∪ ··· ∪ St) which were adjacent to some vertex of Si. A cograph is a P4-free graph. A graph G is called a cograph contraction if there exist a cograph H and pairwise disjoint non-empty stable sets in H for which G s H*. Solving a problem proposed by Le [2], we give a finite forbidden induced subgraph characterization of cograph contractions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46: 217226, 2004
Labor and Precariousness in China's Porcelain Capital

In recent years, scholars have turned to Bourdieu's model of precariousness to understand workers' experiences under neoliberal capitalism. Here I look at Bourdieu's ideas in relation to China's most famous porcelain production site: the city of Jingdezhen. Bourdieu directs us toward the shared structural features of job insecurity, emphasizing the political consequences of workers' alienation. Yet his universalist model cannot adequately explain how or why workers respond to precarious labor regimes as they do. In Jingdezhen, porcelain workers lost their state and collective sector jobs when the government mandated privatization and marketization. How they understood and responded to this experience was shaped by Jingdezhen's particular history, including the ways that decades of government policies had promoted reliance on personal networks, had made labor activism the exclusive purview of the state, and had given many Chinese a negative view of mass mobilization.
Crystallization kinetics and morphology of polymer blends of poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene siloxane) fractions

The crystallization behaviour of polymer blends or mixtures of the same system has been studied over a wide range of molecular weight and crystallization temperatures. Blends were made by mixing fractionated polymer samples. The spherulitic growth in these mixtures is dependent upon the number-average molecular weight of the system at the shorter chain lengths, but then becomes insensitive to molecular weight values when about 105 to 106 are reached. The growth rate kinetics of mixtures can be described by a kinetic model used for fractionated poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene siloxane) (TMPS) polymers. The crystal surface energies deduced from these rate data are molecular weight dependent as are the pre-exponential and transport factors in the rate equation. These parameters are explained in terms of the crystallite morphology. Mixtures (as well as fractions themselves) of all polymer fractions ranging from the monomer to the highest molecular weight (106 approximately) have similar morphological features and form negatively birefringent spherulites. Although molecular weight segregation appears to play an important role in crystallization at comparatively small undercoolings, its influence seems to be minimal at large undercoolings (close to or below the growth rate maxima). Very low molecular weight additives significantly affect the overall crystallization kinetics. Compared to the undiluted sample, mixtures so formed have lower observed melting points and glass transition temperatures. Rates of crystallization are generally facilitated by the diluent with the peak in the growth rate being displaced to lower temperatures. The growth rates for diluted over the undiluted polymer at similar undercoolings are usually larger. At high molecular weights the log of the spherulitic growth rate varies as M−12n, over a considerable range, but at low molecular weight values the rate depends more strongly on Mn approaching a limit of M−1.2n as the monomeric state is approached.
Growth of LNCaP cells in monoculture and coculture with osteoblasts and response to tNOX inhibitors

Abstract An in vitro coculture model of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with human osteoblasts (hFOB) was utilized to define the efficacy of the tNOX inhibitors EGCg, capsaicin, Capsibiol-T and phenoxodiol against bone metastasis of prostate cancer alone and in combination with Taxol and cisplatin. In general, the LNCaP cells were more resistant to treatment with EGCg, capsaicin, phenoxodiol and Taxol when grown in coculture than when grown in monoculture. Only with Capsibiol-T (50 μM) was growth of LNCaP cells in coculture inhibited comparable with monoculture. Pretreatment with Capsibiol-T followed by the treatment with Taxol had an additive effect on reduction of viability of LNCaP cells in monoculture. In contrast, an antagonistic effect of cisplatin was observed following capsaicin pretreatment.
A power booster for stimulus isolation units.

Abstract A simple and economical modification of the output of the Schmitt-type isolation unit which increases the power capabilities 15–80 times is described.
Complete and flexible replacement of chaotic uncertainty with transmitted information

Natural chaos can be described as an information source emitting symbolic sequences with positive entropy. We use two algorithmic techniques from data compression in a nonstandard way along with a control scheme to replace the natural uncertainty in chaotic systems with an arbitrary digital message. Unlike previous targeting-based control, the controlled, deterministic, transmission appears statistically identical to natural chaos, with a message modulated on it at the intrinsic Kolmogorov-Sinai information generation rate of the chaotic oscillator. Thus, chaotic communication by targeting need not consume any additional channel capacity beyond that required by the message itself and the message-bearing signal may appear identical to the uncontrolled oscillator. We also demonstrate control and data transmission at the channel capacity of the oscillator, the maximum possible data rate compatible with the grammar.
Prediction of vapor‐liquid equilibria from the corresponding states principle

A new ideal K value is defined which does not depend on the Lewis and Randall ideal solution rule but is derived only from composition dependent pseudo criticals and the corresponding states principle. Properties of the liquid and vapor mixtures are evaluated from either experimentally measured properties of closely related pure substances or from generalized tables of thermodynamic properties. A derivation of an improved pseudocritical expression applicable to liquids which may be approximated by simple spherical molecules is presented. The derivation illustrates the assumptions involved and points the way for a possible extension of the technique to more complex molecules. There are some advantages to this approach. It does not require the troublesome extrapolation of liquid properties into regions where no liquid can exist, a fact which is characteristic of K value calculations from the ideal solution rule. It is especially useful for systems in which an equation of state is not available for all of the components present. It avoids the difficulties in defining combination rules for complicated equations of state. Even for systems including very complex or moderately polar molecules it provides a base for subsequent empirical modification. This base follows the correct isotherm of In K vs. In P up to the actual critical of the system without the difficulties associated with defining a convergence pressure or evaluating the extremely large activity coefficient corrections to the ideal solution rule in the critical region. For mixtures of simple molecules the calculated ideal K value is within about 10% of the experimental value in both the low pressure and in the critical region. The entire calculation may be expressed completely analytically for use on a digital computer and may be coupled with an equilibrium flash calculation so that the ideal K values may be determined from a given overall composition, temperature, and pressure.
Sr isotope disequilibrium during differentiation of the Bandelier Tuff: Constraints on the crystallization of a large rhyolitic magma chamber

The 1.61 Ma Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff (Jemez Mountains volcanic field, New Mexico) is a caldera-forming high-silica rhyolitic ignimbrite with a precursor fallout deposit. The Otowi Member has high Rb/Sr ratios; the 87 Rb/ 86 Sr ratios from sanidines and glasses range from 14 to 570. Most sanidines from glomerocrysts in the ignimbrite have 87 Sr/ 86 Sr I = 0.7052–0.7056, whereas the ratios from glasses from glomerocrysts range from 0.7052 to 0.7079. Quartz phenocrysts containing glass inclusions from both the initial fallout and the ignimbrite are markedly more radiogenic, at 87 Sr/ 86 Sr I = 0.7105–0.7113, despite having much lower Rb/Sr ratios than glomerocryst glasses. These relations require that the inclusion glasses are more contaminated with Proterozoic country rock than are glomerocryst glasses. Textural, isotopic, and trace element data support a model in which crystals grow in a boundary layer with the most inclusion-rich quartz grains closest to the magma–country rock contact. Phenocrysts and glomerocrysts represent fragments from different zones of the chamber9s crystalline carapace, disseminated throughout the magma prior to eruption. An important implication of these results is that glass inclusions do not necessarily represent precursor magma compositions; hence extrapolation of measured volatile contents of inclusion glasses to the entire volume of an erupted magma should be approached with caution.
Effective software architecture design: from global analysis to UML descriptions

It is now generally accepted that separating software architecture into multiple views can help in reducing complexity and in making sound decisions about design trade-offs. Our four views are based on current practice; they are loosely coupled, and address different engineering concerns [1]. This tutorial will teach you how global analysis can improve your design, and how to use UML to describe these views. You will learn: (1) the purpose of having separate software architecture views, (2) the difference between using UML for software architecture and the use of UML for designing OO implementations, (3) how to apply global analysis to analyze factors that influence the architecture and to develop strategies that guide the design, (4) the importance of designing for anticipated change to produce more maintainable architectures, and (5) how to incorporate software architecture design in your software process.This tutorial is aimed at experienced software engineers, architects, and technical managers. It is assumed that participants know the basic UML diagrams. Experience in developing models and software design is helpful.
Low Frequency Waves in the Plasma Environment Around the Shuttle

As a part of the SAMPIE (The Solar Array Module Plasma Interaction Experiment) program, the Langmuir probe (LP) was employed to measure plasma characteristics during the flight of STS-62. The whole set of data could be divided into two parts: (1) low frequency sweeps to determine voltage-current characteristics and to find the electron temperature and number density; (2) high frequency turbulence (HFT) data caused by electromagnetic noise around the Shuttle. Broadband noise was observed at 250-20,000 Hz frequencies. Measurements were performed in ram conditions; thus, it seems reasonable to believe that the influence of spacecraft operations on plasma parameters was minimized. It is shown that ion acoustic waves were observed, and two kinds of instabilities are suggested for explanation of the origin of these waves. According to the purposes of SAMPIE, samples of solar cells were placed in the cargo bay of the Shuttle, and high negative bias voltages were applied to them to initiate arcing between these cells and the surrounding plasma. The arcing onset was registered by special counters, and data were obtained that included the amplitudes of current, duration of each arc, and the number of arcs per one experiment. The LP data were analyzed for two different situations: with arcing and without arcing. Electrostatic noise spectra for both situations and a theoretical explanation of the observed features are presented in this paper.
Infrared laser-glint sensor for measuring fractal sea-surface roughness

A new infrared laser-glint sensor is being developed to measure sea-surface roughness statistics, using a CO2 laser to maintain the laser signal above background light levels. This new system allows daylight data collection, whereas our previous HeNe-laser-based system operated only at night. Additionally, the new system incorporates real-time correction of ship motion to allow operation on a moving ship. This paper provides an overview of the instrument design and the scientific objectives of its future deployment. A specific scientific objective discussed here is determining the connection between the fractal dimension of the laser-glint process and surface roughness. Evidence is shown here from previously acquired laser-glint data that the laser-glint- count process is fractal, with a dimension that appears to vary with surface roughness. Plans are outlined for deployment of the new laser-glint sensor with fractal signal processing for remotely sensing surface roughness.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sac2/INPP5F is an inositol 4-phosphatase that functions in the endocytic pathway

The recruitment of inositol phosphatases to endocytic membranes mediates dephosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2, a phosphoinositide concentrated in the plasma membrane, and prevents its accumulation on endosomes. The importance of the conversion of PI(4,5)P2 to PtdIns during endocytosis is demonstrated by the presence of both a 5-phosphatase and a 4-phosphatase (Sac domain) module in the synaptojanins, endocytic PI(4,5)P2 phosphatases conserved from yeast to humans and the only PI(4,5)P2 phosphatases in yeast. OCRL, another 5-phosphatase that couples endocytosis to PI(4,5)P2 dephosphorylation, lacks a Sac domain. Here we show that Sac2/INPP5F is a PI4P phosphatase that colocalizes with OCRL on endocytic membranes, including vesicles formed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, macropinosomes, and Rab5 endosomes. An OCRL–Sac2/INPP5F interaction could be demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation and was potentiated by Rab5, whose activity is required to recruit Sac2/INPP5F to endosomes. Sac2/INPP5F and OCRL may cooperate in the sequential dephosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 at the 5 and 4 position of inositol in a partnership that mimics that of the two phosphatase modules of synaptojanin.
Flexibility approach for damage localization suitable for multiscale sensor fusion

Fiber optic sensors have the capability to simultaneously measure multi-scale data (e.g. strain, strain gradients, and integrated strains) for the purpose of structural health monitoring of structures. Presented here is a technique that can detect and localize damage in a structure suitable for the fusion of such multi-scale data. The flexibility method has been previously proposed for damage localization using changes in natural frequencies and mode shapes. However, such changes are difficult to apply in a real world application due to the extreme accuracy required for the input excitation frequencies. In addition, computer modeling of the undamaged structure to compare with the damaged structure can lead to significant errors due to imperfections. The flexibility method for solving indeterminate structures using static conditions presented here avoids these difficulties. The method follows a procedure of applying a known load to determine the flexibility matrices of the structure in pre- and post- damaged states. The introduction of fiber optic strain and displacement measurements permits the calculation of these matrices from the static loading conditions. These matrices are subtracted and the resulting null space calculated. When reapplied to the original system this null space locates the damage. To demonstrate the validity of this process numerical models are created for a simple truss structure and a plate instrumented with several fiber optic sensors. The examples show that damage can be located in both cases.
Magnetic phase transitions in CeRh 2 Si 2 : Specific heat, susceptibility, and resistance studies

Two phase transitions near 35 and 24 K can be detected in the specific heat, susceptibility, and resistivity of ${\mathrm{CeRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}.$ We interpret the 35 K transition as magnetic ordering in a ($\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$) structure. The much weaker transition near 24 K corresponds to the development of domains having a ($\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ 0) magnetic structure that grow spatially at the expense of the ($\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$) structure. This interpretation of the magnetic phase diagram of ${\mathrm{CeRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ clarifies a controversy surrounding observations by neutron diffraction.
Current Needs in Chemotherapy for Bacterial and Fungal Infections

Failure of therapy for microbial infections may be related to a number of factors, a major one being drug resistance. Although much progress has been made during the past decade, agents are still needed for improved treatment of infections in which clinical success rates remain unsatisfactory. Problem pathogens include enteric bacteria such as Serratia species, Enterobacter species, and a number of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas species. Gram-positive organisms that continue to pose a significant therapeutic problem are the coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Atypical mycobacterial species offer major therapeutic challenges. No important broad-spectrum antifungal agents of low toxicity have been developed during the past two decades. Any new antibacterial or antifungal agent should be potent, safe, and well tolerated and should possess pharmacokinetic advantages that will lead to more simplified dosing; low cost would be an additional important advantage.
Lability in storage of 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine in crude synaptosome (P2) and vesicle-associated fractions of rat brain.

Abstract Crude synaptosome (P 2 ) fractions prepared from rat striatum and hypothalamus, preloaded with 3 H-dopamine (DA) or 3 H-norepinephrine (NE), were incubated at 37°C for 5 min. The addition of reserpine at a concentration of 0.1 μM to the striatal synaptosomes substantially depleted 3 H-DA to about 45% of control values, but had no effect on 3 H-NE. An analogous difference in sensitivity to reserpine, though less pronounced, was observed between 3 --DA and 3 H-NE loaded into hypothalamic synaptosomes. Preloaded synaptosome fractions prepared from striatum and hypothalamus were also lysed under hypoosmotic conditions, filtered, and then washed with 130 mM KH 2 PO 4 buffer, pH 7.4, maintained at 0° or 37°C. Washing with 0°C buffer produced no appreciable change in the amount of 3 H-DA or 3 H-NE retained by the hypoosmotic-resistant subsynaptosomal fractions. Increasing the temperature of the wash buffer to 37°C, however, elicited a volume-dependent depletion of 3 H-DA about 2.5-fold higher than that obtained for 3 H-NE. Consistent with this finding, the retention of 3 H-DA by a crude vesicle fraction prepared from striatum was found to be significantly less than the retention of 3 H-NE following 4.5 and 6 min of incubation at 20°C. Thus, in intact synaptosomes, 3 H-DA appears to be stored in a form that is more susceptible than 3 H-NE to depletion by reserpine, and this effect may be related to differences between the intravesicular storage stability of DA and NE.
The rhetoric of Huey Long—radio orator

Even by modern standards, the success of Huey Long's rhetoric in the 1920s and 1930s is remarkable. When Long was assassinated in September of 1935, he was a potential candidate for the presidency and one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. He was also widely perceived as being a demagogue. Long's training as a radio speaker began in the 1920s during his stormy political career. Most city newspapers were against him, but Long had a friend who owned a powerful radio station (KWKH) in Shreveport, Louisiana. Long got free time on KWKH to take his case to the people. Long often talked for several hours at a time, sometimes by remote control from his hotel room while lounging in his pajamas. In the final nine months of his life, from January to September of 1935, Long received free time on national networks for eight major broadcasts. This paper makes a fantasy theme analysis of these broadcasts, and examines whether or not Long was a demagogue and what influences he has had on subsequent politica...
Anorexia Nervosa: The Hospital's Role in Family Treatment†

When an anorexia nervosa patient requires hospitalization for her medical condition the treatment team faces the problem of integrating the individual focus of inpatient care with the systems focus of family therapy. In this paper we propose a family-systems model of hospitalization, the aim of which is to facilitate such integration. The model draws on current theories of anorexia nervosa, as well as general concepts from psychodynamic, developmental, and family systems theories. The major hypothesis of the model is that all members of the anorexic family are developmentally arrested in the area of separation-individuation. On this assumption, we propose that the entire treatment team (including medical professionals and therapist) needs to function as "parents" to the anorexic family in much the same way that two cotherapists become parental figures in a family therapy. Specifically, the team needs to provide those parenting the responses that facilitate the family's individuation process.
Electrophoretic mobility patterns of collagen following laser welding

Clinical application of laser vascular anastomosis in inhibited by a lack of understanding of its mechanism. Whether tissue fusion results from covalent or non-covalent bonding of collagen and other structural proteins is unknown. We compared electrophoretic mobility of collagen in laser treated and untreated specimens of rat tail tendon (>90% type I collagen) and rabbit aorta. Welding was performed, using tissue shrinkage as the clinical endpoint, using the 808 nm diode laser (power density 14 watts/cm2) and topical indocyanine green dye (max absorption 805 nm). Collagen was extracted with 8 M urea (denaturing), 0.5 M acetic acid (non-denaturing) and acetic acid/pepsin (cleaves non- helical protein). Mobility patterns on gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after urea or acetic acid extraction were identical in the lasered and control tendon and vessel (confirmed by optical densitometry), revealing no evidence of formation of novel covalent bonds. Alpha and beta band intensity was diminished in pepsin incubated lasered specimens compared with controls (optical density ratio 0.00 +/- 9 tendon, 0.65 +/- 0.12 aorta), indicating the presence of denatured collagen. With the laser parameters used, collagen is denatured without formation of covalent bonds, suggesting that non-covalent interaction between denatured collagen molecules may be responsible for the weld. Based on this mechanism, welding parameters can be chosen which produce collagen denaturation without cell death.
Water monomer interaction with gold nanoclusters from van der Waals density functional theory.

We investigate the interaction between water molecules and gold nanoclusters Aun through a systematic density functional theory study within both the generalized gradient approximation and the nonlocal van der Waals (vdW) density functional theory. Both planar (n = 6–12) and three-dimensional (3D) clusters (n = 17–20) are studied. We find that applying vdW density functional theory leads to an increase in the Au–Au bond length and a decrease in the cohesive energy for all clusters studied. We classify water adsorption on nanoclusters according to the corner, edge, and surface adsorption geometries. In both corner and edge adsorptions, water molecule approaches the cluster through the O atom. For planar clusters, surface adsorption occurs in a O-up/H-down geometry with water plane oriented nearly perpendicular to the cluster. For 3D clusters, water instead favors a near-flat surface adsorption geometry with the water O atom sitting nearly atop a surface Au atom, in agreement with previous study on bulk sur...
Effects of inducer duration and separation on test threshold

Abstract The effects of inducer duration on adjacent test thresholds were assessed in a simultaneous contrast experiment. The test and inducer were 1' dia light flashes and were foveally viewed by the Ss under dark-adaptation conditions. The results of three Ss show that the effectiveness of an inducer flash (1.56 log mL luminance) to raise test threshold is a function of its duration as well as its separation from the test Test threshold was raised as the duration of the inducer flash increased from 5 to 35 msec or as separation decreased from 40.8 to 6.8' of visual angle
Spray impingement cooling with single- and multiple-nozzle arrays. Part I: Heat transfer data using FC-72

Abstract With electronic packages becoming more dense and powerful, traditional methods of thermal energy removal are reaching their limits. One method of direct contact cooling capable of removing high heat fluxes while still being compact in size is spray impingement cooling, but its heat transfer behavior is not understood well enough to enable systematic, practical system design. This work presents the results of a large parametric study of spray cooling using a number of different nozzle patterns. It was found that nozzles that use the fluid most efficiently to remove thermal energy were limited by low peak heat fluxes and that the highest peak heat fluxes were obtained when phase change was avoided. Multiple nozzle arrays allowed for higher peak heat fluxes but used fluid inefficiently due to interactions between neighboring sprays. In general, the geometric pattern of the nozzle arrays had little effect on overall heat transfer performance.
Exo-Leg: An Active Single-Leg External Walking Assist Device

Lower extremity weakness is a serious problem afflicting people all over the world. Until recently, the mobility options for people with this condition have been confining and limit the individual’s functionality. Walking assist devices are presently in development to restore hands-free walking to people with lower extremity weakness. These devices provide the necessary support and power to enable the individual to restore normal ambulation. The proposed design of exoleg, a single leg external walking assist device, addresses the demographic of people with lower extremity weakness. The design includes replication of the gait cycle utilizing mechanical links and user control interface with emphasis on safety. The design couples the actuation of the knee and hip through the use of linkages connected to a single motor. The actuation of the hip is controlled by a 4 bars crank-rocker linkage system while the knee is actuated by corresponding linkages (designed in WORKING MODEL 2D , a commercial simulation software) that generates the knee kinematic profile. The angular profiles of the knee and hip actuations are compared with the actual knee and hip angular trajectories. The frame of the device incorporates a passive ankle stabilization system to compensate for the effects of foot drop. The system utilizes feedback from trigger points from pressure sensors on the foot and goniometers at the hip and knee joints to measure the angulations in gait to keep the device in synchronization with natural ambulation. An on-board microprocessor receives the feedback from the trigger points and sends the actuation signal to the motor. A conceptual design of electrostatic actuator motor is also proposed to keep the device light weight and compact.
Renal response to phosphorus deprivation in the isolated rat kidney

Renal response to phosphorus deprivation in the isolated rat kidney. In order to study further the adaptation of inorganic phosphate (P i ) reabsorption during phosphorus depletion, P i transport was measured at three perfusate P i concentrations in isolated perfused rat kidney preparations, utilizing synthetic albumin-containing cell-free perfusate. With elevation of the perfusate P i , phosphaturia was significantly less, and absolute P i reabsorption was significantly greater in kidneys derived from phosphorus-deprived rats than in organs from nondeprived counterparts. Prior parathyroidectomy did not affect the transport of P i by the isolated kidney preparation. Increasing the perfusate P i did not diminish hypercalciuria in kidneys from phosphorus-deprived rats. The results indicate that the adaptive response in P i reabsorption during phosphorus deprivation can be demonstrated independently of the composition of fluid perfusing the kidney. The mechanism underlying the adaptation, however, remains unclarified. Reponse du rein isole perfuse a la depletion du phosphore. Afin d'etudier l'adaptation de la reabsorption du phosphate inorganique (P i ) au cours de la depletion en phosphore le transport de P i a ete mesure a trois concentrations de P i dans le perfusat sur la preparation de rein isole perfuse au moyen d'une solution artificielle depourvue de cellules et contenant de l'albumine. Au cours de l'augmentation de la concentration de P i dans le perfusat la phosphaturie est significativement moindre et la reabsorption absolue de P i significativement plus grande dans les reins preleves chez des rats carences en phosphate que dans les reins des animaux controles. La parathyroidectomie prealable n'affecte pas le transport de P i par la preparation de rein isole. L'augmentation de P i dans le perfusat ne diminue pas l'hypercalciurie des reins provenant de rats carences en phosphore. Ces resultats indiquent que la reponse d'adaptation a la carence en phosphore peut etre mise en evidence independamment de la composition du liquide qui perfuse le rein. Les mecanismes sousjacents a cette adaptation demeurent obscurs cependant.
Expert system support in the textile industry: End product production planning decisions

Abstract The textile industry is slowly developing expert system applications to increase production, improve quality, and reduce costs. Such systems are surfacing in a variety of areas throughout the textile manufacturing process. This paper describes an expert system developed to support an important decision scenario in the textile industry. The scenario concerns a sequence of production planning decisions necessary to produce a specific category of end product. This sequence is described as follows: given the decision to produce a particular type of end product, the appropriate fiber type is chosen; next, the appropriate yarn count group is chosen; next, the appropriate spinning system is chosen; and finally, the appropriate preparation method is chosen. Each decision in the sequence depends on the combination of decisions made in the preceding stages. The resulting system is described and its application is illustrated through the presentation of a sample consultation. The integration of the expert system into a broader environment for textile manufacturing decision support is also discussed.