cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces (Presentation Recording)

Recently, the use of phased array metasurfaces to control the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves at subwavelength dimensions have led to large number of devices ranging from flat optical elements to holographic projections. Here we analytically (and numerically using FDTD techniques) develop a design principle to form reconfigurable metasurfaces that control the phase of transmitted beam between 0 and 2π in a lossless manner. For a linearly polarized plane wave incident on a sub-wavelength array of dielectric resonators, we engineer the size of the individual resonators and the array periodicity such that the fundamental Electric and Magnetic dipole resonances of the device cross each other. This mode crossing caused by coupling of individual resonator modes with the surface lattice resonances, constructively interferes with the incident plane wave enabling us to form lossless metasurfaces. By optically pumping charge carriers into the resonators, we can tune the refractive index of the individual resonators leading to arbitrary control over the phase of the transmitted beam between 0 and 2π with less than 3dB loss in intensity. Further, we extend these strategies by redesigning the resonator elements by forming core-shell (metal-dielectric) resonators to cause the resonance matching within each resonator. This enables the mode crossing to be independent of the periodicity of the resonator elements while preserving the arbitrary control over the phase through charge carrier modulation. Such metasurfaces with spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic dipole modes may form the basis for a range of metadevices with unprecedented control over the Electromagnetic wave front.
Improving memristor memory with sneak current sharing

Several memory vendors are pursuing different kinds of memory cells that can offer high density, non-volatility, high performance, and high endurance. There are several on-going efforts to architect main memory systems with these new NVMs that can compete with traditional DRAM systems. Each NVM has peculiarities that require new microarchitectures and protocols for memory access. In this work, we focus on memristor technology and the sneak currents inherent in memristor crossbar arrays. A read in state-of-the-art designs requires two consecutive reads; the first measures background sneak currents that can be factored out of the current measurement in the second read. This paper introduces a mechanism to reuse the background sneak current measurement for subsequent reads from the same column, thus introducing "open-column" semantics for memristor array access. We also examine a number of data mapping policies that allow the system to balance parallelism and locality. We conclude that on average, it is better to prioritize locality; our best design yields a 20% improvement in read latency and a 26% memory power reduction, relative to the state-of-the-art memristor baseline.
Differential equations with irregular singularities

The first global studies of differential equations with rational coefficients are those of Riemann on the hypergeometric equations. These are special cases of Fuchsian equations, or, equations with regular singularities. Their theory is essentially controlled by the monodromy action. The equations with irregular singularities tell a completely different story. Here the central fact is that formal solutions do not always converge. Their theory goes back to Fabry in 1885 who discovered the phenomenon of ramification, and the decisive developments came from Hukuhara, Levelt, Turrittin, and others. In more recent times, the ideas of Balser, Deligne, Malgrange, Ramis, Subiya, Babbitt and myself, and a host of others, have created a more modern view of irregular linear differential equations that relates them to themes in commutative algebra, linear algebraic groups, and algebraic geometry.
Marital instability after brain injury: An exploratory analysis.

Background Spousal caregivers have an important role in recovery after brain injury, and there is evidence that injury has an adverse impact on uninjured partners as well as survivors. Unfortunately, the impact of brain injury on coupled relationships has received limited attention from clinical researchers. Objective To characterize marital stability after traumatic brain injury considering the perspectives of the patient and the uninjured partner. To identify predictors of marital stability. Methods Forty-two couples with mild to severe injury completed the Marital Status Inventory, a measure of relationship stability, and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), a measure of relationship quality. Results Twenty-four percent (24%) of patients viewed their marriage as unstable as did 29% of partners. Most individuals (72%) agreed with their partner regarding the stability of their relationship. About half of patients (52%) and partners (50%) reported clinically significant levels of marital dissatisfaction. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the RDAS was a salient predictor of marital stability. Findings indicate relatively high levels of marital stability despite high levels of marital distress. Conclusions Marital stability can be classified beyond labeling couples as married, separated, or divorced. Researchers have suggested that postinjury marital relationships are prone to instability and divorce in comparison to the general population. The present findings suggest otherwise.
Bionomics of Eucosma monitorana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Attacking Red Pine Cones in Wisconsin

A localized infestation of Eucosma monitorana Heinrich was studied in 1963 and 1964 in southern Wisconsin. Adults are secretive, weak flyers but several were collected in May with sticky trap-boards and light traps. Adult emergence and flight occur at time of red pine pollen release. Eggs were not found in macro- and microscopic examinations of cones, twigs, and needles. Larvae were active from early June through July. External symptoms of cone attack developed slowly, but the interior deteriorated rapidly. A standardized examination of 300 cones revealed that most attacks by migrating larvae were in the mid-ventral surface. Pupation occurred in the soil in late June and the pupae period lasted to the following May. Sexual dimorphism in the pupae was discovered and illustrated. The pupal stageis characterized by a winter diapause which was difficult to artificially interrupt. Attack was unequal between trees, but was random within crowns. As the season progressed, the percentage of newly attacked cones in the top and middle crown area increased at a faster rate than in the lower crown. This increase apparently resulted from the availability of more unattacked cones in the top and middle. An unidentified Apanteles sp. was found parasitizing E. monitorana larva. Death of the host larvae occurred during the 3rd stage.
Imaging faults using reflected surface waves

We have developed a processing flow for imaging faults using reflected surface waves. Our method provides a way to locate incident locations for back-reflected surface waves and recover reflectivity as a function of frequency. The method is applied to several synthetic datasets generated from various blind fault models. We demonstrate how to use surface wave reflectivity as an attribute for interpreting a blind fault in field data.
Did You Say U2 or YouTube?: Inferring Implicit Transcripts from Voice Search Logs

Web search via voice is becoming increasingly popular, taking advantage of recent advances in automatic speech recognition. Speech recognition systems are trained using audio transcripts, which can be generated by a paid annotator listening to some audio and manually transcribing it. This paper considers an alternative source of training data for speech recognition, called implicit transcription. This is based on Web search clicks and reformulations, which can be interpreted as validating or correcting the recognition done during a real Web search. This can give a large amount of free training data that matches the exact characteristics of real incoming voice searches and the implicit transcriptions can better reflect the needs of real users because they come from the user who generated the audio. On an overall basis we demonstrate that the new training data has value in improving speech recognition. We further show that the in-context feedback from real users can allow the speech recognizer to exploit contextual signals, and reduce the recognition error rate further by up to 23%.
Effect of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin on colonic transport in guanylyl cyclase C receptor-deficient mice

We studied the functional importance of the colonic guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) receptor in GCC receptor-deficient mice. Mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and colon segments were studi...
EL AMOR EN LA TRADUCCIÓN: TRAVESURAS DE LA NIÑA MALA DE MARIO VARGAS LLOSA Y LA NOVELA EUROPEA DECIMONÓNICA

En multiples ocasiones Mario Vargas Llosa expreso su fascinacion por las novelas del siglo diecinueve. En este trabajo voy a demostrar que Travesuras de la nina mala (2006) entra en el dialogo ludico implicito con Madame Bovary (1856) y L’ education sentimentale (1869) de Gustave Flaubert, y con Padres e Hijos (1862) de Ivan Turgenev, unas de las lecturas predilectas de Vargas Llosa desde su juventud. Propongo que mientras que a Flaubert y Turgenev les interesaban primeramente los aspectos psicologicos de los personajes y la exploracion del poder omnipotente de los sentimientos, en la obra de Vargas Llosa, estos temas, obtienen un significado metaficticio explicito, lo que permite al escritor peruano celebrar la ficcion como una fuente de la inspiracion incesante, la prenda de su inmortalidad. Ademas, sugiero que dichos escritores comparten el escepticismo sobre la politica como una fuerza renovadora de la sociedad, lo que en el caso de Travesuras de la nina mala puede ser interpretado como una manifestacion artistica del pesimismo del escritor frente a cualquier actividad politica- una vision que marca su literatura mas reciente.
A RS / GIS-based study on the environmental factors of Japanese encephalitis in Guangxi

Objective To identify environmental factors of Japanese encephalitis(JE) based on RS/GIS techiniques. Methods Nnormalized difference vegetation index,surface temperature,land farming and altitude were obtained from MODIS Image. Subsequently,inverse distance weighted and spearman's correlation were employed to analyze the association between JE and environmental factors. Results Normalized difference vegetation index,average altitude and forestland were positively correlated with JE. However,land surface temperature,cropland,building land were negatively associated with JE. There was no significant correlations among grassland,water body,unfarmed land and JE. Conclusions JE is related to environmental factors,RS / GIS techniques should be applied to extract environmental factors from remote image. Furthermore,to some extent,the spatial pattern of JE was consistent with spatial pattern of environmental factos.
On Designing and Implementing Single System Image in a High Performance cluster Computing Platform

This paper proposes a model of single system image for a high performance cluster computing platform, which realizes single graphic user interface, single control point, and single job management. What's more, some key technical problems, such as load balancing and fault tolerance, are resolved.
Sacral Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Retention in Partial Sacrectomy Patients

Introduction Sacral chordoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from remnants of the notochord. Due to its propensity for recurrence, the treatment of choice is surgical resection. Orthopedic and neurosurgical literature describe bladder dysfunction as prevalent in these patients, specifically urinary incontinence, however urologic literature is lacking in the exact nature of this dysfunction. Thus far, Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS) has not been described as a treatment option for these patients. Presentation of Case: We describe a 36-year-old female who underwent midsacral resection (S3 and below) for a sacrococcygeal chordoma. She suffered from postoperative urinary incontinence and incomplete emptying requiring intermittent catheterization. Urodynamic evaluation showed detrusor hyporeflexia with nonobstructive urinary retention. She underwent InterStim® (Minneapolis, MN) placement resulting in return of spontaneous voiding and resolution of retention. Discussion SNS has been FDA approved for treatment of nonobstructive urinary retention since 1999. It has yet to be described as an effective treatment option in patients who have undergone sacral resection and suffer from prolonged postoperative nonobstructive urinary retention. Operative reports may not contain sufficient detail to confirm whether one or both S3 nerve roots are intact. Thus, it is mandatory to perform a bilateral nerve evaluation to verify integrity of the S3 nerve roots in this cohort of patients. This can present a technical challenge, as some of the usual landmarks are surgically absent. However, we have shown that the procedure is feasible and effective after partial sacral resection. Conclusion We are the first to report the successful use of SNS to treat nonobstructive urinary retention after partial sacral resection. Additional patients and long term follow-up will be required to support consistent usage of neuromodulation in this patient population.
Other Syndromes: Lowe Syndrome

Lowe syndrome (oculocerebrorenal syndrome; OCRL) is a rare (i.e., 1 in 50,0000), X-linked disorder that was first described in 1952. Myriad medical problems arise including complex glaucoma, hypotonia, dental dysfunction, and renal compromise leading to end-stage renal disease in adolescent or adult life. Persons with Lowe syndrome do not typically live beyond the third decade of life. Death early in life may be due to hypotonia, renal disease, respiratory infections or gastrointestinal infection. Death typically occurs between the late teenage years and the early 30s, because of respiratory illness, epilepsy, sudden death while sleeping, or sometimes from renal failure.
A novel bis(pinacolato)diboron-mediated N–O bond deoxygenative route to C6 benzotriazolyl purine nucleoside derivatives

Reaction of amide bonds in t-butyldimethylsilyl-protected inosine, 2′-deoxyinosine, guanosine, 2′-deoxyguanosine, and 2-phenylinosine with commercially available peptide-coupling agents (benzotriazol-1H-yloxy)tris(dimethylaminophosphonium) hexafluorophosphate (BOP), (6-chloro-benzotriazol-1H-yloxy)trispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyClocK), and (7-azabenzotriazol-1H-yloxy)trispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophospate (PyAOP) gave the corresponding O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl) nucleoside analogues containing a C–O–N bond. Upon exposure to bis(pinacolato)diboron and base, the O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl) and O6-(6-chlorobenzotriazol-1-yl) purine nucleoside derivatives obtained from BOP and PyClocK, respectively, underwent N–O bond reduction and C–N bond formation, leading to the corresponding C6 benzotriazolyl purine nucleoside analogues. In contrast, the 7-azabenzotriazolyloxy purine nucleoside derivatives did not undergo efficient deoxygenation, but gave unsymmetrical nucleoside dimers instead. This is consistent with a prior report on the slow reduction of 1-hydroxy-1H-4-aza and 1-hydroxy-1H-7-azabenzotriazoles. Because of the limited number of commercial benzotriazole-based peptide coupling agents, and to show the applicability of the method when such coupling agents are unavailable, 1-hydroxy-1H-5,6-dichlorobenzotriazole was synthesized. Using this compound, silyl-protected inosine and 2′-deoxyinosine were converted to the O6-(5,6-dichlorobenzotriazol-1-yl) derivatives via in situ amide activation with PyBroP. The O6-(5,6-dichlorobenzotriazol-1-yl) purine nucleosides so obtained also underwent smooth reduction to afford the corresponding C6 5,6-dichlorobenzotriazolyl purine nucleoside derivatives. A total of 13 examples were studied with successful reactions occurring in 11 cases (the azabenzotriazole derivatives, mentioned above, being the only unreactive entities). To understand whether these reactions are intra or intermolecular processes, a crossover experiment was conducted. The results of this experiment as well as those from reactions conducted in the absence of bis(pinacolato)diboron and in the presence of water indicate that detachment of the benzotriazoloxy group from the nucleoside likely occurs, followed by reduction, and reattachment of the ensuing benzotriazole, leading to products.
Radioguided Parathyroid surgery.

Radioguided parathyroidectomy is a helpful tool in the armamentarium of parathyroid surgeons and is applicable to nearly all patients. This chapter outlines the clinical utility of this method and provides an outline for appropriate patient selection. We also highlight many of the potential advantages of a radioguided approach, paying special attention to pediatric and geriatric patients as well as focusing on challenges particular to parathyroid surgery including ectopically located glands, a history of previous neck exploration, and parathyroid carcinoma. Focused detail is provided on the technical aspects of employing a radioguided approach, and we share practical pearls as well as discuss pre- and postoperative care for these patients. Lastly, we provide three clinical case examples in which a radioguided approach to parathyroidectomy was beneficial.
A Call for Socially Responsible Corporate Leadership

In the 1999 film The Matrix, Morpheus says to Neo: “I’m trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. You’re the one that has to walk through it.” And so it is with socially responsible corporate leadership. The choice, first and foremost, is whether or not to pursue it. This is an important step for executive managers whose decisions greatly impact society. Indeed, this impact is all the more significant, given that ordinary citizens do not vote for corporate executives. If they did, they might demand better results than the massive social harms inflicted by Enron-like scandals in conjunction with record high levels of executive pay. It is no wonder that American satisfaction with the size and influence of major corporations remains near the all-time low of 30% (Gallup Poll, 2012),1 following decades of low public approval and confidence ratings (Frederick, 2006). Arguably, the corporation as one of society’s major institutions should garner more public support than that. After all, many transnational corporations have revenues greater than the gross domestic products of small nation-states. Ideally, such power should stem from the public’s trust that these corporations will serve the greater good. However, there are reasons why corporations operate without necessarily enjoying high levels of public confidence, although there are countervailing developments as well.
A Screen In Primary Erythroblasts Reveals a MicroRNA-Centered Homeostatic Mechanism for Regulating Cyclin E Activity.

Abstract 1543 A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of microRNAs in regulating the expression of mediators of cell cycle progression. A theme emerging from these studies is that microRNAs participate in feedback or feed-forward circuits to provide bistability for key transition points in the cell cycle. We previously have shown that proper regulation of cyclin E activity is required for normal erythroid cell maturation in vivo, using cyclin ET74AuT393A knock-in mice, which have markedly dysregulated cyclin E due to its failure to interact with the Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase complex. We hypothesized that we could identify novel, microRNA-based molecular circuitry for maintaining appropriate levels of cyclin E activity by screening cyclin E knock-in erythroblasts for alterations in microRNA expression. We analyzed data we obtained from multiplex real-time PCR arrays comparing the expression of over 500 microRNAs in cyclin ET74A T393A knock-in versus wild-type erythroblasts (Ter119+/CD71+) and found down-regulated expression of a number of microRNAs targeting CDK inhibitors. We also identified down-regulated expression of potential microRNA regulators of Fbw7 expression. We found that overexpression of miR-223, in particular, significantly reduces Fbw7 mRNA levels, increases endogenous cyclin E protein and activity levels, and increases genomic instability. We next confirmed that miR-223 targets the Fbw7 3’ untranslated region. We then found that reduced miR-223 expression leads to increased Fbw7 expression and decreased cyclin E activity. Finally, we found that miR-223 expression in K562 cells is responsive to acute alterations in cyclin E regulation by the Fbw7 pathway and that dysregulated Fbw7 expression alters the erythroid differentiation capacity of these cells. Mir-223 plays an important role in myeloid and erythroid differentiation by regulating multiple substrates involved in these maturation programs. Here, we identify Fbw7 as a novel target of miR-223. Our data also indicate that miR-223 modulates Fbw7 expression as part of a homeostatic mechanism to regulate cyclin E activity and provide the first evidence that activity of the SCFFbw7 ubiquitin ligase can be controlled by the microRNA pathway. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Harvesting Thermoelectric Energy from Asphalt Pavements

The goal of this study was to develop a prototype for harvesting thermoelectric energy from asphalt pavement roadways. This emerging research field encompasses technologies that capture the existing thermal energy in pavements to generate electricity without depleting natural resources. In lower latitudes, such as south Texas, the asphalt pavement surface temperature in the summer can reach 55°C because of solar radiation. Soil temperatures below the pavement, however, are roughly constant (i.e., 27°C to 33°C) at relatively shallow depths (150 mm). This thermal gradient between the surface temperature and the pavement substrata can be used to generate electrical power through thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The proposed prototype collects heat energy from the pavement surface and transfers the energy to a TEG embedded in the subgrade at the edge of the pavement shoulder. Evaluation of this prototype was carried out through finite element analysis, laboratory testing, and field experiments. The results s...
Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen and Potassium Partitioning in the Roots and Trunk of Field-Grown Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Dry matter and nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) partitioning were determined in the roots and trunks of five- and six-year-old field-grown Thompson Seedless grapevines over the course of two growing seasons using destructive harvests. Trunk and root dry biomass decreased slightly from leaf fall the previous season until midway between budbreak and anthesis during the current season, at which time dry matter accumulation began and increased until leaf fall. Root N concentration increased from the first of the calendar year, peaked midway between budbreak and anthesis, then decreased throughout the remainder of the growing season in the first year, but remained constant after anthesis in the second year. Root N concentration increased after fruit harvest in both years. Total N in the root system somewhat followed a pattern similar to that of N concentration. The concentration of K and total K in the root system varied only slightly throughout the growing season. The loss of N in the trunk and roots accounted for ~11% of N accumulated in the current season’s shoot growth (leaves, stems, and clusters) from budbreak to harvest in the first year of the study and for 4% in the second year during the same time frame. Approximately 85% of the increase in total N in the roots and trunk (16.9 g N/vine) after fruit harvest the second year was due to N translocation (14.4 g N/vine) from the leaves as they senesced. Under the conditions of this study, N reserves in the permanent structures of the vine contributed only slightly to the N demand of the current season’s new growth between budbreak and fruit harvest.
Simultaneous Sensitivity Analysis in Stata: arsimsens and pairsimsens

A simultaneous sensitivity analysis assesses how sensitive an inference of a non-zero treatment effect is to an unobserved confounder with a specified relationship to the treatment and response. Gastwirth et al. (1998) develops a method of simultaneous sensitivity analysis that can be used after 1:1 matching; Small et al. (2009) modifies the method so that it can be applied after 1:k and full matching. This paper describes the commands pairsimsens and arsimsens, which implement, respectively, the analyses of Gastwirth et al. (1998) and Small et al. (2009) in Stata. The .ado and .hlp files for the software presented in the paper are provided in a .zip file in the supplementary materials.
PROLONGED ANALYTIC CONNECTED GROUP ACTIONS ARE GENERICALLY FREE

We prove that an effective, analytic action of a connected Lie group G on an analytic manifold M becomes free on a comeager subset of an open subset of M when prolonged to a frame bundle of sufficiently high order. We further prove that the action of G becomes free on a comeager subset of an open subset of a submanifold jet bundle over M of sufficiently high order, thereby establishing a general result that underlies Lie's theory of symmetry groups of differential equations and the equivariant method of moving frames.
Genetic variation and potential coinfection of Wolbachia among widespread Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) populations

Wolbachia can profoundly influence the survival, reproduction, and defenses of insect hosts. These interactions could potentially be harnessed for managing pests or insect-transmitted diseases. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a phloem-feeding pest capable of transmitting the putative causal agent of citrus greening, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Like many insects, D. citri is also infected with Wolbachia (wDi). Recent studies indicate that the relative abundance of wDi could be associated with the abundance of CLas, and that wDi may contribute to regulating expression of phage lytic cycle genes in CLas, suggesting the need for better understanding of wDi biology in general. This study investigated the genetic diversity of wDi among D. citri in populations spanning eleven countries and two U.S. territories. Six Wolbachia genes, wsp, coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB, and hcpA, were sequenced and compared across samples. Two prevalent wDi strains were identified across the samples, and screening of clone libraries revealed possible coinfection of wDi strains in specific populations. D. citri mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOI) were more divergent between D. citri populations that were infected with different wDi strains or had different infection statuses (single infection vs. coinfection). While we could not eliminate the possibility that maternal transmission may contribute to such patterns, it is also possible that wDi may induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in their host. These findings should contribute to the understanding of wDi population ecology, which may facilitate manipulation of this endosymbiont for management of citrus greening disease worldwide.
The effect of temperature on the electrophysiology and behavior of venus flytraps

In a collaboration between researchers at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Princeton Public Schools, we began a research and outreach project to investigate Dionaea muscipula, more commonly known as Venus Flytraps, electrophysiology and teach elementary school students about our findings. This plant exhibits a gating function wherein sequential activations of a “trigger hair,” a sense organ that detects disturbances in the trap, will cause the trap to shut. We examine how both the behavior and spike-characteristics of the Venus Flytrap respond to robust changes in ambient temperatures. We discovered that heat dramatically prolonged the gating function and also appears to simultaneously alter the structure of triggered action potentials; specifically, the ‘memory’ of the trap increased from 1 minute to 2.667 minute from room temperature to an elevated temperature (>30°C). We suspect that temperature-dependent proteins could account for the increase in plant “memory” between action potentials in heated plants. To test out this hypothesis, we will collect more data at a broader range of temperatures and examine changing protein expression profiles. This past year, we expanded our project to include an outreach component, wherein we designed and presented an hour-and-a-half long workshop for elementary school-age children. By evaluating growth through a self-designed SGO (student growth objective), we were able to quantify and evaluate our results and look to present at more venues. It was observed that after presentation the children's knowledge in the Pannell center about Venus Flytraps increased by 8.45% and in Plainsboro, the children's knowledge increased by 21.23%, as assessed through SGOs.
Summary of Early and Middle Pleistocene Glaciations in Northern Missouri, USA

Abstract Northern Missouri, USA was glaciated five times prior to the Illinoian (penultimate) glaciation. Cosmogenic-isotope burial dates show that tills with reversed magnetic polarity were deposited at about 2.4 and 1.3 Ma during the Early Pleistocene. Three younger tills with normal magnetic remanence reached the same approximate latitude of 39° during the Middle Pleistocene. The oldest of these normal-polarity tills has a burial age that is indistinguishable from the Matuyama/Bruhnes transition at 0.78 Ma. Two younger tills were deposited between ~0.2 and 0.4 Ma, but the uncertainty in these dates remains large
Mixed Finite Element Methods on Polyhedral Meshes for Diffusion Equations

In this paper, a new mixed finite element method for the diffusion equation on polyhedral meshes is proposed. The method is applied to the diffusion equation on meshes with mixed cells when all the coefficients and the source function may have discontinuities inside polyhedral mesh cells. The resulting discrete equations operate only with the degrees of freedom for normal fluxes on the boundaries of cells and one degree of freedom per cell for the solution function.
Microstructure Evolution and Effect on Resistivity for Cu Nanointerconnects and Beyond

In this paper, we investigate the microstructure evolution in Cu, Co and Ru nanointerconnects and the scaling effect on resistivity. The scaling effect on microstructure of Cu interconnects was analyzed to the 24 nm linewidth for the 14 nm node using a high-resolution TEM precession microdiffraction technique. The TEM study was supplemented by a Monte Carlo simulation to investigate grain growth in nanointerconnects based on local energy minimization. The scaling effect on electrical resistivity was analyzed for Cu, Ru and Co nanointerconnects, taking into account the contributions from surface and grain boundary scatterings. The results for Cu and Co are consistent with recent experiments.
Abstract 2333: Aspirin may extend biliary tract cancer survival: Results from population-based cohort

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare, but lethal cancers with a median survival of Methods: All patients diagnosed with incident biliary tract cancer between 1990 to 2017 were selected from the population-based United Kingdom’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Site-specific associations between aspirin use after BTC diagnosis and overall survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models with aspirin use modeled as time-dependent, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, comorbidities, history of aspirin use, and use of statins, using follow-up time as the time scale. Results: We identified 3,211 biliary tract cancer cases in which 2,694 (84%) deaths occurred after an overall median follow-up time of 5 months. The table presents the number of cases by cancer subtype, deaths, and median survival time. Aspirin use following a diagnosis of BTC was associated with a reduction in mortality for each of the BTC sites: gallbladder, HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.61); cholangiocarcinoma, HR 0.46 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.60); ampulla of Vater, HR 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.51); and mixed, HR: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.78). Conclusions: The use of aspirin after BTC diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of overall mortality. These results warrant additional studies to understand the mechanisms underlying improved survival with aspirin use. Citation Format: Sarah S. Jackson, Bin Zhu, Ruth Pfeiffer, Zhiwei Liu, Shahinaz Gadalla, Jill Koshiol. Aspirin may extend biliary tract cancer survival: Results from population-based cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2333.
Inhibition of B16BL6 melanoma invasion by tyrosine and phenylalanine deprivation is associated with decreased secretion of plasminogen activators and increased plasminogen activator inhibitors.

We previously found that dietary tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) limitation significantly decreased the metastatic phenotype of B16BL6 melanoma cells in vivo and decreased the in vitro invasion of these cells. To more specifically characterize the effects of Tyr and Phe deprivation we examined the three steps involved in invasion: attachment to host cells and components, elaboration of proteases that degrade basement membranes, and migration of invading tumor cells. Here we report that B16BL6 melanoma cell invasion through growth factor reduced (GFR) MatrigelTM is significantly decreased by Tyr and Phe deprivation. Tyr and Phe deprivation in vitro decreased the attachment of B16BL6 melanoma cells to GFR MatrigelTM, heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), neonatal murine epidermal (NME) cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) from these cells. These cells also exhibited a decrease in chemotactic response to fetal bovine serum (FBS). Deprivation of these two amino acids decreased the secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) while plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and -2 were increased in these cells. These observations suggest that Tyr and Phe deprivation decreases the in vitro chemotactic and invasive ability of B16BL6 melanoma cells by decreasing attachment and secreted PA activity and by increasing secreted PAIs in these cells.
Interventional Systems Ethnography and Intersecting Injustices: A New Approach for Fostering Reciprocal Community Engagement.

Effectively addressing wicked problems requires collaborative, embedded action. But, in many cases, scholarly commitments, social justice, privilege, and precarity collide in ways that make it difficult for community-engaged scholars to ethically navigate competing duties. This article presents our efforts to support reciprocal community engagement in addressing cancer-obesity comorbidity and risk coincidence in underserved communities. Partnering with community healthcare professionals, we conducted an adapted Systems Ethnography/Qualitative Modeling (SEQM) study. SEQM offers an alternative ethical framework for community-engaged research, one that supports reciprocity through enabling participant-centered community self-definition, goal setting, and solution identification.
Fast Ion Conductors

The results of transmission electron microscopy and their relation to some practical aspects of Na β- nd β-alumina solid electrolytes are reviewed. Grain and grain-boundary morphology, crystallographic defects, nonstoichiometry, and second-phase formation are discussed.
Peer Victimization, Antisocial Cognition, and Delinquency in Early Adolescent Schoolchildren: A Test of the Person–Situation Interface

Interactive and mediating effects have the ability to elucidate variable relationships. The goal of the current study was to explore how these two effects potentially clarify the victimization–offe...
Labor’s Legacy: The Construction of Subnational Work Regulation:

In recent decades, much of the authority to regulate the workplace has shifted from national-level labor law to state-level employment law. What contributions, if any, did labor unions make to this...
Promotion of Advance Care Planning Among Young Adults: A Pilot Study of Health Engagement Workshop Feasibility, Implementation, and Efficacy.

Objective:This pilot study set out to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an interactive, peer-led, health engagement workshop to improve confidence and comprehension related to advance care p...
Acknowledging Angst: Research Ethics Consultation in Disclosing Experimental Research Results of Uncertain Benefit

In this case, it is noted that while DNA testing and methylation are being studied as biomarkers for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (precancers) in the anal canal, their efficacy is no...
Swampland Conditions for Higher Derivative Couplings from CFT

There are effective field theories that cannot be embedded in any UV complete theory. We consider scalar effective field theories, with and without dynamical gravity, in $D$-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime with large radius and derive precise bounds (analytically) on the coupling constants of higher derivative interactions $\phi^2\Box^k\phi^2$ by only requiring that the dual CFT obeys the standard conformal bootstrap axioms. In particular, we show that all such coupling constants, for even $k\ge 2$, must satisfy positivity, monotonicity, and log-convexity conditions in the absence of dynamical gravity. Inclusion of gravity only affects constraints involving the $\phi^2\Box^2\phi^2$ interaction which now can have a negative coupling constant. Our CFT setup is a Lorentzian four-point correlator in the Regge limit. We also utilize this setup to derive constraints on effective field theories of multiple scalars. We argue that similar analysis should impose nontrivial constraints on the graviton four-point scattering amplitude in AdS.
Soil nutrient recovery after shelterwood timber harvesting in a temperate oak hardwood forest: Insights using a twenty-five-year chronosequence

Abstract Understanding the effects of forest timber harvests on soil chemistry is essential to manage for a sustainable yield of timber from forests. Yet few studies have examined the long-term effects of timber harvesting on the soils of temperate hardwood forests. We use a 25-year chronosequence of post-regeneration irregular shelterwood harvests in an oak-hardwood forest in Connecticut, USA to examine the impacts of timber harvesting and subsequent forest regeneration on soil and leaf litter chemistry. Soil and leaf litter samples were collected across 34 stands ranging in age from one year to 25 years since harvest. Using hierarchical, linear mixed effects models, we analyzed trends in soil and leaf litter properties over time in the harvested stands and compared these values to undisturbed reference sites. Soil chemistry from two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) revealed that surface and sub-surface soils respond differently through time, with the shallow soils being more responsive to harvest and regeneration, but both increasing in fertility with increasing time since harvest. In shelterwood soils, time since harvest had a positive effect on macronutrient concentrations and a negative effect on the carbon (C) stable isotope ratio (δ13C), with the latter indicative of recovery of faster-cycling soil C pools. In leaf litter, time since harvest had a positive effect on nitrogen (N) concentrations and a negative effect on δ13C, with the latter again suggesting build-up of more recent litter inputs. Relative to eight unmanaged reference sites, harvested stands were lower in some soil nutrients (magnesium, phosphorus, percent C, as well as cation exchange capacity), but these differences were recovered over time within the 25-year chronosequence. Post-hoc t-tests (α = 0.10) showed no significant difference in percent nitrogen by 11–15 years post-timber harvest as compared to the undisturbed sites. Likewise, potassium, phosphorus and percent carbon showed no difference by 16–20 years, and magnesium showed no difference by 21–25 years. Calcium never varied significantly between shelterwood and uncut reference sites. Overall, our results suggest that decomposing organic matter acts quickly to promote macronutrient recovery in surface soils following irregular shelterwood harvests.
The experience of the nurse during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global meta-synthesis in the year of the nurse.

Purpose From its beginnings in China in December of 2019, the novel coronavirus COVID-19 spread and quickly became the center of nursing care and conversation across the globe (WHO, 2020). This meta-ethnographic study was conducted in order to provide the profession of nursing interpretative explanations of a common experience during the care of patients with COVID-19. Design and method A literature review focused on the experience of the nurse during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a total of 13 qualitative studies conducted in China, Spain, Turkey, Iran, Brazil, and the United States. A meta-ethnographic review of these qualitative works, using the method of Noblit and Hare, was then conducted which revealed the experience of the nurse across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The review revealed strong similarities between the experiences of the nurse across the 13 studies. Given this reciprocal relationship, translations were constructed and synthesized until four new themes emerged outlining the global experience of the nurse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Despite the differences between the structures of healthcare and government of the six countries represented in this meta-ethnography, the experience of the nurse emerged into a narrative shared by those represented in this study. As the profession of nursing continues to work through ongoing waves of COVID-19, these results will help guide the resources and training provided to nurses on the frontline of care. Clinical relevance Despite great personal risk, nurses across the globe stepped up to the challenge of upholding and improving the health of the world's people during the COVID-19 pandemic. As health policy, education, and system leaders, we must listen to the common experience revealed in this meta-synthesis and respond by providing the resources needed to improve nursing practice and care.
Neurobehavioral Probes as Applied in Physiological Neuroimaging Studies

The emergence of neuroimaging technology has opened a window to researchers in neuropsychology into the in vivo functioning of the human brain. These techniques provide information regarding the neuroanatomical and physiological functioning of the brain and, coupled with what has been termed neurobehavioral probes (Gur, Erwin, & Gur, 1992) can yield insight into the neural networks that regulate human behavior. However, it is also important to recognize the limitations of this methodology, both current and inherent. The goal of this chapter is to outline the potential and the limitations of neuroimaging techniques and behavioral probes as they are applied to the study of brain-behavior relationships.
Abstract B111: Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer conducted within the NCI Cohort Consortium (PanScan I and II) identified pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1q32.1/ NR5A2 , 5p15.33/ CLPTM1L / TERT , 9q34.2/ ABO , and 13q22.1. The most significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified on 13q22.1, rs9543325, lies in a 600 kb gene desert; the nearest genes are KLF5 , KLF12 , PIBF1 , DIS3 , and BORA (265–586 kb). Imputation using the 1000 Genomes and DCEG reference datasets did not improve the GWAS signal, but produced a set of highly correlated SNPs for functional follow-up. We performed eQTL analysis to test for association between the genotypes of these functional candidate variants and expression of nearby genes. Among 100 normal derived pancreatic tissue samples, DIS3 expression showed the strongest association with a novel 30 bp indel variant in the risk locus ( P = 4.0 × 10 4 ), indicating risk alleles associate with reduced DIS3 expression. Mutations in DIS3 have previously been identified in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, and its expression has been correlated with metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, suggesting DIS3 is relevant to cancer biology. Chromosome conformation capture identified a physical interaction between the indel-containing locus and a region near the DIS3 promoter. Luciferase assay for regulatory function of this indel-containing locus revealed allele-specific silencer activity for the insertion allele. Supershift electromobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated binding of LEF1 specifically to the insertion allele of the indel, which contains two in silico predicted LEF1 binding elements. Finally, through immunohistochemical analysis, high DIS3 protein levels associated with better survival for pancreatic cancer patients (hazard ratio = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.49–5.53, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that at least one target gene for the pancreatic cancer risk variants on chr13q22.1 may be DIS3 , and that the underlying biology may be mediated by the novel indel through a long-range repressive effect on DIS3 expression. Citation Format: Jason W. Hoskins, Abdisamad Ibrahim, Mickey Emmanuel, Hemang Parikh, Jinping Jia, Irene Collins, Kris Ylaya, Sean F. Altekruse, Stephen M. Hewitt, Gloria M. Petersen, Laufey T. Amundadottir. Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B111.
Derivation and characterization of nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a powerful research tool enabling the generation of mice with custom genetics, the study of the earliest stages of mammalian differentiation in vitro and, with the isolation of human ES cells, the potential of cell-based therapies for a number of diseases including Parkinson's and Type 1 diabetes. ES cells isolated from nonhuman primates (nhpES cells) offer the opportunity to ethically test the developmental potential of primate ES cells in chimeric offspring. If these cells have similar potency to mouse ES cells, this may open a new era of primate models of human disease. Nonhuman primates are the perfect model system for the preclinical testing of ES cell–derived therapies. In this unit, we describe methods for the derivation and characterization of nonhuman primate ES cells. With these protocols, the investigator will be able to isolate nhpES cells and perform the necessary tests to confirm the pluripotent phenotype. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:1A.1.1-1A.1.21. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: nonhuman primate; embryonic stem cells; Oct-4; Nanog; Karyotype; Teratoma
Sulfheme proteins. IV. The stoichiometry of sulfur incorporation and the isolation of sulfhemin, the prosthetic group of sulfmyoglobin.

Abstract The ferrous form of sulfmyoglobin was isolated as the first stable product of the reaction of a single mole of inorganic sulfide with 1 mole of the higher oxidation state derivative of myoglobin, Mbiv. Using radioactive sulfide, it was demonstrated that a single g atom of sulfur is incorporated per mole of myoglobin to form sulfmyoglobin. More than 85% of the radioactive sulfur is extracted into 2-butanone at pH 3.2, bound to the prosthetic group of sulfmyoglobin. The optical properties of the prosthetic group, which we call "sulfhemin," and of some of its derivatives have been studied. Sulfhemin is unstable in organic solvents in the presence of O2 or peroxides and decomposes to yield protohemin in an autoxidative reaction which follows first order kinetics. Sulfate is the major sulfur compound ultimately produced in the decomposition of sulfhemin. Mercuric ion was also found to cause the decomposition of sulfhemin.