cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micromachined polymer-based chemical gas sensor array

Abstract We have developed a miniature polymer-based chemical gas sensor array on silicon using micromachining technology. The sensors are polymer–carbon black composite films, which swell reversibly and cause a resistance change upon exposure to a wide variety of gases. We have fabricated two types of devices which can measure this resistance change using a “well” design. These “wells” contain the polymer–carbon black–solvent liquid volume present during deposition and allow the sensor film to be placed reproducibly in a specific and well-constrained area. After deposition, the solvents evaporate and leave behind a polymer–carbon black residue crust between metal leads on each side of the “well”. Two types of devices, a bulk micromachined sensor and a patterned thick-film sensor, have been fabricated, ranging in size from 500 μm ×600 μm to 100 μm ×100 μm. Since the composite film sensors are not specific to any one gas, an array of these sensors, each with a different sensing film, is used to identify gases and gas mixtures through the pattern response of the array. Six polymer–carbon black composite films were deposited into the sensor array and exposed to three chemical gases at five different concentration levels. The sensors were able to uniquely detect these gas vapors and demonstrated a linear response to concentration levels between 2000 and 10,000 ppm. Results also indicate that a reduction in sensor area by an order of magnitude (from 4.32 to 0.30 mm2) does not reduce sensor response. This design allows the integration of circuits to process the changes in resistance which will permit the realization of a completely integrated miniature gas sensor.
Development of Mirror Image Responses in Infancy

Summary This study investigated methods of recording infant responses to mirror image. Six response categories were recorded in two mirror conditions and one no-mirror condition for 18 male and female infants ages 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months of age. The results showed a shift in body exploration away from self-manipulation toward visual attention to the mirror image. The peak of responsiveness to mirror image appeared in the 12-month-old group.
Multi-Angular Flame Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber Based Endoscopes

This paper reports new measurements and analysis made in the Research Cell 19 supersonic wind-tunnel facility housed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The measurements include planar chemiluminescence from multiple angular positions obtained using fiber based endoscopes (FBEs) and the accompanying velocity fields obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The measurements capture the flame dynamics from different angles (e.g., the top and both sides) simultaneously. The analysis of such data by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) will also be reported.Non-intrusive and full-field imaging measurements provide a wealth of information for model validation and design optimization of propulsion systems. However, it is challenging to obtain such measurements due to various implementation difficulties such as optical access, thermal management, and equipment cost. This work therefore explores the application of FBEs for non-intrusive imaging measurements in supersonic propulsion systems. The FBEs used in this work are demonstrated to overcome many of the practical difficulties and significantly facilitate the measurements. The FBEs are bendable and have relatively small footprints (compared to high-speed cameras), which facilitates line-of-sight optical access. Also, the FBEs can tolerate higher temperatures than high-speed cameras, ameliorating the thermal management issues. Lastly, the FBEs, after customization, can enable the capture of multiple images (e.g., images of the flowfields at multi-angles) onto the same camera chip, greatly reducing the equipment cost of the measurements.The multi-angle data sets, enabled by the FBEs as discussed above, were analyzed by POD to extract the dominating flame modes when examined from various angular positions. Similar analysis was performed on the accompanying PIV data to examine the corresponding modes of the flowfields. The POD analysis provides a quantitative measure of the dominating spatial modes of the flame and flow structures and is an effective mathematical tool to extract key physics from large data sets such as the high-speed measurements collected in this study. However, past POD analysis has been limited to data obtained from one orientation only. The availability of data at multiple angles in this study is expected to provide further insights into the flame and flow structures in high-speed propulsion systems.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Structural Requirements of the Glucocorticoid and Retinoic Acid Response Units in the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Promoter

The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter contains a glucocorticoid response unit (GRU) that includes three accessory factor-binding sites (AF1, AF2, and AF3), two glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites (GR1 and GR2), and a cAMP response element. All of these elements, and the proteins that bind to them, are required for a complete glucocorticoid response. The PEPCK promoter also contains a retinoic acid response unit (RARU) that consists of two retinoic acid response elements (RARE1 and RARE2) that bind retinoic acid receptor/9-cis-retinoic acid receptor heterodimers. The sequences of RARE1 and RARE2 coincide with those for AF1 and AF3, respectively. Thus, the PEPCK promoter can mediate different hormone responses through hormone response units that utilize common elements, but that bind different sets of proteins. We reasoned that each response might require a unique structural assembly and therefore tested how various arrangements of the PEPCK promoter affect the actions of either gluc...
Microdissection Techniques for Molecular Testing in Surgical Pathology

Abstract Objective.—To describe the techniques for microdissection of paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections for the use in molecular applications. Data Sources.—Original research papers and ...
Rational market making with probabilistic knowledge

A market maker sets prices over time for wagers that pay out contingent on the future state of the world. The market maker has knowledge of the probability of realizing each state of the world, and of how the price of a bet affects the probability that traders will accept it. We compare the optimal policy for risk-neutral (expected utility maximizing) and Kelly criterion (expected log-utility maximizing) market makers. Computing the optimal policy for a risk-neutral market maker is relatively simple, while computing the optimal policy for a Kelly criterion market maker is challenging, requiring advanced techniques adapted from the computational economics literature to run efficiently. We show that while a risk-neutral market maker has an optimal policy that does not depend on the market maker's state, a Kelly criterion market maker's optimal policy has an intricate dependence on both time and state. Counter-intuitively, a Kelly criterion market maker may offer bets that are myopically irrational with respect to the market maker's beliefs for the entire trading period. In contrast, a risk-neutral market maker never offers a myopically irrational bet.
UV radiation induces delayed hyperrecombination associated with hypermutation in human cells.

bination (DHR) among cells surviving a low dose of UV-C (5 J/m 2 ), revealed as mixed GFP / colonies. UV-B did not induce DHR at an equitoxic (75 J/m 2 ) dose or a higher dose (150 J/m 2 ). UV is known to induce delayed hypermutation associated with increased oxidative stress. We found that hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutation frequencies were 5-fold higher in strains derived from GFP / (DHR) colonies than in strains in which recombination was directly induced by UV (GFP colonies). To determine whether hypermutation was directly caused by hyperrecombination, we analyzed hprt mutation spectra. Large-scale alterations reflecting large deletions and insertions were observed in 25% of GFP strains, and most mutants had a single change in HPRT. In striking contrast, all mutations arising in the hypermutable GFP / strains were small (1- to 2-base) changes, including substitutions, deletions, and insertions (reminiscent of mutagenesis from oxidative damage), and the majority were compound, with an average of four hprt mutations per mutant. The absence of large hprt deletions in DHR strains indicates that DHR does not cause hypermutation. We propose that UV-induced DHR and hypermutation result from a common source, namely, increased oxidative stress. These two forms of delayed genome instability may collaborate in skin cancer initiation and progression.
Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia: Regional brain metabolism and long-term outcome.

ContextDeficits in cerebral glucose utilization have been identified in patients with cognitive dysfunction attributed to various disease processes, but their prognostic and diagnostic value remains to be defined.ObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity and specificity with which cerebral metabolic patterns at a single point in time forecast subsequent documentation of progressive dementia.Design, Setting, and PatientsPositron emission tomography (PET) studies of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in 146 patients undergoing evaluation for dementia with at least 2 years' follow-up for disease progression at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1991 to 2000, and PET studies in 138 patients undergoing evaluation for dementia at an international consortium of facilities, with histopathological diagnoses an average of 2.9 years later, conducted from 1984 to 2000.Main Outcome MeasuresRegional distribution of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in each patient, classified by criteria established a priori as positive or negative for presence of a progressive neurodegenerative disease in general and of Alzheimer disease (AD) specifically, compared with results of longitudinal or neuropathologic analyses.ResultsProgressive dementia was detected by PET with a sensitivity of 93% (191/206) and a specificity of 76% (59/78). Among patients with neuropathologically based diagnoses, PET identified patients with AD and patients with any neurodegenerative disease with a sensitivity of 94% and specificities of 73% and 78%, respectively. The negative likelihood ratio of experiencing a progressive vs nonprogressive course over the several years following a single negative brain PET scan was 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.16), and the initial pattern of cerebral metabolism was significantly associated with the subsequent course of progression overall (P<.001).ConclusionIn patients presenting with cognitive symptoms of dementia, regional brain metabolism was a sensitive indicator of AD and of neurodegenerative disease in general. A negative PET scan indicated that pathologic progression of cognitive impairment during the mean 3-year follow-up was unlikely to occur.
Application of ultrasonic sensors to robotic seam tracking

An automatic seam tracking system that uses an ultrasonic-based sensor has been developed and interfaced to a P-50 Process Robot in an effort to achieve online seam tracking of joints, without the use of workpiece geometrical models or subsequent 'teaching' routines. The transducer is used to inspect the workpiece ahead of the torch and to measure joint orientation as well as lateral deviation caused by curvature or discontinuities in the joint path. Measurements of echo pulse amplitude and transit time are combined with a particular torch-sensor arrangement and transducer positioning strategy to eliminate ambiguities resulting from symmetry in the acoustic signal and from environmental factors such as joint geometry and roughness. Data pertaining to the joint orientation and lateral deviation are acquired periodically by sampling equispaced points along the joint as the torch advances. With each sample, data are transferred to the microcomputer, where a trajectory-generating algorithm calculates the (x, y, theta ) coordinates of the torch tip trajectory needed to meet the tracking requirements. The actual tracking task is accomplished online by executing a series of shifts in these coordinates. >
Activation-induced mobilization of secretory vesicles in bovine neutrophils.

Objective—To characterize mobilization of secretory granules in bovine neutrophils. Sample Population—Neutrophils obtained from four 6- to 18-month-old Holstein cattle. Procedure—Mobilization of secretory granules in bovine neutrophils was determined by measuring changes in cell-surface alkaline phosphatase activity on cells treated with various inflammatory mediators. Subcellular distribution of the alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by analysis of bovine neutrophil homogenates fractionated on density gradients. Results—Alkaline phosphatase-containing secretory granules of bovine neutrophils were readily mobilized by a number of inflammatory agents, including platelet-activating factor, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide, leukotriene B4, and zymosan-activated plasma. In contrast, N-formylmethionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine did not have a significant effect. Phorbol myristate acetate induced a biphasic response with up-regulation of cell-surface alkaline phosphatase at low do...
THE RELATION BETWEEN TEMPERAMENT AND EMBARRASSMENT

The relation between infant temperament, self-recognition, and embarrassment was examined in a longitudinal study. Infants were studied at 5, 13, and 22 months of age. At 5 and 13 months, parental reports of temperament and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected. At 22 months, self-recognition, a measure of self-referential behaviour, and embarrassment were observed. The results indicated a relation between early temperament differences, self-recognition, and embarrassment. Those infants who showed selfrecognition and who had difficult temperaments were likely to exhibit embarrassment when compared to those infants who showed selfrecognition, but who had easygoing temperaments.
Carbon sequestration or abatement? The effect of rising carbon prices on the optimal portfolio of greenhouse-gas mitigation strategies

Abstract Existing projections of the optimal share of carbon sequestration in an overall portfolio of greenhouse-gas mitigation strategies almost all assume the carbon price to be constant over time. This paper shows analytically that if the price instead increases over time—consistent with projections from integrated assessment models—it becomes optimal to delay certain sequestration projects, whereas the optimal timing of energy-based abatement projects remains unchanged. As a result, the optimal share of sequestration falls, and significantly so. Calibrating our analytical model, we find that a modest, 3% rate of price increase results in about a 60% reduction in the optimal sequestration share relative to constant-price projections. Numerical simulations based on predicted carbon-price paths from Nordhaus’ RICE01 model indicate quantitatively similar reductions under an economically efficient scenario, and much larger reductions (80–100% for up to 80 years) under a scenario that aims to limit the atmospheric CO 2 concentration to double its pre-industrial level.
An approximation method for nearly linear, first–order stochastic differential equations†

An approximation method is developed for nearly linear, first-order stochastic differential equations with additive white noise. The method is based on an asymptotic expansion of eigenfunctions and...
O1-S05.02 Biological evidence of semen exposure is associated with incident Bacterial vaginosis

Objectives (1) To identify correlates of incident Bacterial vaginosis (BV) among high-risk women and (2) to identify predictors of discordance between self-reported lack of semen exposure in the past 6 months and the detection of spermatozoa on Gram stain, which provides biological evidence of recent exposure. Methods Analyses were based on among 871 HIV-infected and 439 HIV-uninfected women participating in HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) which was conducted in 4 sites in the US Participants completed study visits conducted at baseline and at 6-month intervals thereafter. We conducted both cohort and case-crossover analyses, stratified by HIV infection status, to evaluate potential correlates of incident BV. We also used logistic regression to identify predictors of discordance between self-reported lack of exposure to semen and the detection of spermatozoa on Gram stain. Results BV incidence was 21% among HIV-infected women and 19% among HIV-uninfected women. We found fewer correlates of incident BV when assessed with a case-crossover design than with a cohort design. Reporting frequent coitus (regardless of consistency of condom use) was correlated with incident BV in the cohort analyses but not in the case-crossover analyses. The sole correlate that emerged in both the cohort and case-crossover analyses among HIV-infected and -uninfected women was the detection of spermatozoa on Gram stain. Seven factors were associated with discordance between self-reported semen exposure and spermatozoa detection in the multivariable analysis. Discordance differed by study site and race/ethnicity and was more common among younger women. The following infections or conditions also were predictive of discordance: HIV (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7% to 4.6%), BV (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5% to 2.5%), and human papillomavirus (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0% to 1.8%). Finally, reporting current injection drug use (aOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4% to 0.9%) was inversely related to discordance. Conclusions The inconsistent association between condom use and BV found in prior studies could be the result of participant reporting bias. The present study found evidence of a relationship between semen exposure and incident BV. Also, given the number and range of correlates of discordance between self-reported and biological evidence of semen exposure, inaccuracies in the reporting of sexual behaviours cannot be assumed to be distributed randomly across a study population.
Visualization of Shared Genomic Regions and Meiotic Recombination in High-Density SNP Data

Background A fundamental goal of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is to determine the sharing of alleles between individuals across genomic loci. Such analyses have diverse applications in defining the relatedness of individuals (including unexpected relationships in nominally unrelated individuals, or consanguinity within pedigrees), analyzing meiotic crossovers, and identifying a broad range of chromosomal anomalies such as hemizygous deletions and uniparental disomy, and analyzing population structure. Principal Findings We present SNPduo, a command-line and web accessible tool for analyzing and visualizing the relatedness of any two individuals using identity by state. Using identity by state does not require prior knowledge of allele frequencies or pedigree information, and is more computationally tractable and is less affected by population stratification than calculating identity by descent probabilities. The web implementation visualizes shared genomic regions, and generates UCSC viewable tracks. The command-line version requires pedigree information for compatibility with existing software and determining specified relationships even though pedigrees are not required for IBS calculation, generates no visual output, is written in portable C++, and is well-suited to analyzing large datasets. We demonstrate how the SNPduo web tool identifies meiotic crossover positions in siblings, and confirm our findings by visualizing meiotic recombination in synthetic three-generation pedigrees. We applied SNPduo to 210 nominally unrelated Phase I / II HapMap samples and, consistent with previous findings, identified six undeclared pairs of related individuals. We further analyzed identity by state in 2,883 individuals from multiplex families with autism and identified a series of anomalies including related parents, an individual with mosaic loss of chromosome 18, an individual with maternal heterodisomy of chromosome 16, and unexplained replicate samples. Conclusions SNPduo provides the ability to explore and visualize SNP data to characterize the relatedness between individuals. It is compatible with, but distinct from, other established analysis software such as PLINK, and performs favorably in benchmarking studies for the analyses of genetic relatedness.
A multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization: A Man-5 case-study

Regulatory agencies' expectations for biotherapeutic approval are becoming more stringent with regard to product characterization, where minor species as low as 0.1% of a given profile are typically identified. The mission of this manuscript is to demonstrate a multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization and quantitation, including minor species at or approaching the 0.1% benchmark. Recently, unexpected isomers of the Man(5)GlcNAc(2) (M(5)) were reported (Prien JM, Ashline DJ, Lapadula AJ, Zhang H, Reinhold VN. 2009. The high mannose glycans from bovine ribonuclease B isomer characterization by ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 20:539-556). In the current study, quantitative analysis of these isomers found in commercial M(5) standard demonstrated that they are in low abundance ( /=0.1% of the total chromatographic peak area.
Evidence that IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by oxidative stress: parthenolide targets JAK1 activation by generating ROS.

Parthenolide, an anti-inflammatory compound, was reported to inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by the interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines by an undefined process, which was the focus of our study. Here we report that parthenolide reduced both basal and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced STAT3 tyrosine 705 (Y705) phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but stimulated the MAP kinase signaling pathways. Activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) tyrosine kinase was markedly reduced by parthenolide. Pretreatment with parthenolide inhibited JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of the LIF receptor subunits LIF receptor (LIFR) α and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and reduced the LIF-induced increase in JAK1 association with both components. In addition, we documented that parthenolide, over the same concentration range, does not have a direct inhibitory effect on JAK1 autophosphorylation. However, we observed that parthenolide increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, completely suppressed the effect of parthenolide on JAK1 and STAT3. From these results, we conclude ROS generation in cardiomyocytes blocks STAT3 signaling of the IL-6-type cytokines by targeting JAK1. The finding that signaling by the IL-6-type cytokine may be redox-sensitive defines a novel mechanism of regulation that has implications for exploiting their therapeutic potential. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 424–431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Simulation of Crack Propagation in Concrete Beams with Cohesive Elements in ABAQUS

This paper discusses the simulation of crack propagation in concrete beam specimens with a finite element package, ABAQUS, version 6.7-1. Special-purpose cohesive elements are used to model the fracture process by means of the fictitious crack model. Two- as well as three-dimensional finite element discretizations are carried out. Parameters influencing the responses, such as mesh fineness, cohesive zone width, type of softening curve, and analysis technique, are studied. The responses are then compared with previous experimental and numerical investigations conducted by various independent researchers, and it is shown that cohesive elements can be used in modeling crack propagation as required in pavement engineering.
The Spacious World: Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain

Ricardo Padron. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xv and 287 pp. maps, illus., notes, bibliog., and index. $35.00 cloth (ISBN 0-226-64433-2). Ricardo Padron's purpose is “to open a debate...
Improving Workflow Design Using Abstract Provenance Graphs

A scientific workflow consists of a series of structured activities and computations that arise in scientific problem-solving. Recent work [7] has demonstrated that collection-oriented modelling and design COMAD [3] leads to simpler and more robust workflow design. In COMAD, for example, each actor is wrapped with a well defined configuration that hides the low level complexities of "wiring" processes together with respective data sources. On the other hand, some dataflow details e.g., fine-grained data dependency information are hidden in the workflow graph that the user may construct an erroneous or unoptimized workflow due to lack of information. Such problems are difficult to detect before workflow execution. Hence, configuring, maintaining and designing a collection-oriented workflow is sometimes challenging and time-consuming, in addition, large-scale workflows often tend to run for long time, therefore, error free and optimized workflow design is always desired.
The National Academic Advising Association A Brief Narrative History

openly state my respect for those many, many leaders, some of whom operated behind the scenes but were still instrumental to the Association’s eventual success, whose contributions were clearly given without consideration for personal gain or ego gratification. These contributions, given in this manner, could well serve as a metaphor for the advisor’s contribution to the advisee’s education. What follows is a brief narrative history of the National Academic Advising Association. NACADA is professionals helping professionals—professionally, socially, and emotionally. The Association’s original statement of purpose is as true today as it was at NACADA’s creation:
Effects of spine loading in a patient with post-decompression lumbar disc herniation: observations using an open weight-bearing MRI.

Our objective was to use an open weight-bearing MRI to identify the effects of different loading conditions on the inter-vertebral anatomy of the lumbar spine in a post-discectomy recurrent lumbar disc herniation patient. A 43-year-old male with a left-sided L5-S1 post-decompression re-herniation underwent MR imaging in three spine-loading conditions: (1) supine, (2) weight-bearing on standing (WB), and (3) WB with 10 % of body mass axial loading (WB + AL) (5 % through each shoulder). A segmentation-based proprietary software was used to calculate and compare linear dimensions, angles and cross sections across the lumbar spine. The L5 vertebrae showed a 4.6 mm posterior shift at L5-S1 in the supine position that changed to an anterior translation >2.0 mm on WB. The spinal canal sagittal thickness at L5-S1 reduced from supine to WB and WB + AL (13.4, 10.6, 9.5 mm) with corresponding increases of 2.4 and 3.5 mm in the L5-S1 disc protrusion with WB and WB + AL, respectively. Change from supine to WB and WB + AL altered the L5-S1 disc heights (10.2, 8.6, 7.0 mm), left L5-S1 foramen heights (12.9, 11.8, 10.9 mm), L5-S1 segmental angles (10.3°, 2.8°, 4.3°), sacral angles (38.5°, 38.3°, 40.3°), L1–L3–L5 angles (161.4°, 157.1°, 155.1°), and the dural sac cross sectional areas (149, 130, 131 mm2). Notably, the adjacent L4–L5 segment demonstrated a retro-listhesis >2.3 mm on WB. We observed that with weight-bearing, measurements indicative of spinal canal narrowing could be detected. These findings suggest that further research is warranted to determine the potential utility of weight-bearing MRI in clinical decision-making.
When a patient's chronic pain gets worse.

This case encapsulates many of the significant challenges in providing care for patients with chronic noncancer pain.
Back to the Future: Theorists as Facilitators of Voice, Yesterday and Today

This article makes a case for the theorist as facilitator of voice. It examines two modern theorists from different schools of thought, Hannah Arendt and Paulo Freire, whose work illustrates the importance of voice in theorizing. From these examinations, questions are derived for theorists. A reading of the early work of Michael Harmon provides answers to the questions generated from Arendt and Freire, and explicit links to public administration theory. A phenomenological case is made for the responsibility of public administration theorists to adopt methods of inclusion, mutuality and engagement in theorizing as speaking with others. Several current examples of theorists involved with the practice of action and voice are offered. These reveal that the concern for voice and
Mutational Analysis of Photosystem I

Photosystem I (PSI) catalyzes the photooxidation of plastocyanin in the thylakoid lumen and the photoreduction of ferredoxin in chloroplast stroma or cyanobacterial cytoplasm (1). Optical and EPR spectroscopy and resolution-reconstitution biochemistry have been used to identify redox centers in PSI and to characterize kinetics of electron transfer. Light-induced oxidation of the P700 reaction center of PSI leads to charge separation. This is followed by a rapid spatial displacement of electrons through a series of low potential redox centers. The PSI complexes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants are similar in their structural and functional characteristics. Cyanobacterial PSI contains 11 different proteins, at least 89 chlorophyll a molecules, 10-12 s-carotenes, two phylloquinones (PhQ), and three [4Fe-4S] clusters. A structural model for the cyanobacterial PSI at 4A. resolution is available from X-ray crystallography (2). In recent years, role of proteins in influencing redox centers and electron transfer in PSI has been investigated using molecular genetics in cyanobacteria and algae (1). Here we describe a mutational strategy to understand function of the PhQs (vitamin Ki) in PSI.
Adsorption Studies with a Bakeable Quartz Automatic Recording Ultramicrobalance

A torsional quartz balance designed and fabricated by the Rodder Instrument Company, has been successfully integrated into a bakeable ultrahigh-vacuum system. Working sensibilities of 0.01 µg are obtained routinely and dynamic response is rapid enough to permit adsorption studies on clean metal surfaces with a sticking coefficient near unity. Adsorption of carbon monoxide on platinum foils has been measured and found to agree with irreversible Langmuir kinetics with a sticking coefficient of 0.38. This agrees with measurements made by flash filament desorption. Adsorption of ethylene is more complicated, but the results are consistent with more detailed mechanistic studies performed in this laboratory on 〈111〉 single-crystal platinum.
Aboriginal Land use in the Southwestern Quijotoa Valley, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona

ABSTRACTField investigations at 10 sites along Papago Indian Road (PIR) 1 yielded numerous small Sells phase agricultural settlements as well as earlier Amargosa period campsites beside minor washes. Data recovered suggest the need for a chronologic revision of the Sells phase placement in the Classic period.
Properties of dune topographic state space for six barrier islands of the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast

AbstractBarrier island dunes are postulated to exhibit two states, or stability domains. In this model, transitions between domains can exhibit irreversibility. However, these transitions may also be bistable, whereby the topography of either domain can develop at a location. To infer evidence for these dynamical properties and link them to dune topography, statistical mapping of dune topographic state space was undertaken for six barrier islands of the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast. Topographies for three to four plots per island were constructed from airborne LiDAR data. Elevation in each was quantified in terms of descriptive statistics, spatial autocorrelation and landscape patch structure. The state space derived from ordination of these data was not primarily structured by the domain model. Instead, positive and negative relief defined the major axis of topographic variability. Only the plot topographies intermediate of these extremes in relief and contained within a smaller window of elevations ...
Camera principal point estimation from vanishing points

Calibration is a fundamental task in computer vision and photogrammetry. One of the most important intrinsic camera parameters is the principal point, which is the intersection between the optical axis and the image plane. The proposed method, which uses simple properties of vanishing points, provides a new technique for accurate identification of the principal point. It is done independently of all the other camera parameters. Checkerboard image corner points are located as saddle points, and the Hough transform is applied to remove spurious points and group them into rows and columns. The vanishing point for the columns lie on a horizon line. A group of images, created by rotating the checkerboard while holding the camera stationary, is processed in this manner to create multiple vanishing points on the same horizon line. A perpendicular line to the horizon is then projected back through the principal point. Repeating this for several image groups, corresponding to different camera orientations, allows for accurately locating the principal point as the intersection of the perpendiculars. Our approach does not need any prior information about the cameras being used, and does not require any manual user interaction. Experiments to evaluate the performance of this approach on real test images indicates that the uncertainty for the principal point location overlaps and is smaller than the region found by Bouget's toolbox.
Propagation Measurements at 5.8 GHz for Railroad Intelligent Transportation Systems

Unprotected grade crossings encompass up to 80\% of U.S. railroad grade crossings. Train-vehicle collision occurs about once every 90 minutes in the U.S.; these catastrophic accidents cause significant injury and financial losses and are attributed to drivers' lack of awareness of approaching trains. Wireless early warning vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies have emerged rapidly in recent years, however, there have been very limited efforts to apply these to improve railroad crossing safety, in part due to a lack of knowledge of the unique propagation conditions encountered in railroad environments. In this paper, we present measurement results and empirical models for 5.8 GHz signal propagation in a railroad environment to investigate train-to- infrastructure communication links in both clear and cluttered environments. Over 10 000 measurements were recorded on two different test tracks for wayside transmitter heights between 2.0m and 12.2m and at train speeds of 20, 50, and 79 MPH. Large-scale path loss exponents ranged from 2.0 to 2.9; small-scale fading analysis indicated these signals experience Rician fading with \emph{K}-factors ranging from 9.8-14.0. Multipath analysis demonstrated that RMS Delay Spreads ranged from nearly zero to a maximum of 260 nsec; RMS Doppler Spreads ranged from 310-1130 Hz. These data suggest that signals at this frequency, even in moderately cluttered environments, should be able to operate over relatively long distances and experience minimal fading or spectral distortion.
Masculinization of female mammals: lessons from nature.

Conventional understanding of mammalian sexual differentiation, first proposed by Alfred Jost in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, requires the presence of androgens acting during a critical stage of fetal (or neonatal) life for normal development of the masculine penis and scrotum from embryonic primordia (Jost, 1953; Wilson et al., 1981). Postnatally, a marked acceleration in growth of the penis is typically associated with increased secretion of androgen during puberty (at least in primates).
Adalbert Stifters Kinder-Kunst Drei Fallstudien

Die Kinder in Stifters Werk sind Schlusselfiguren seines poetischen Verfahrens. Darstellungssprache einerseits und Sprachverhalten der Kinder andererseits werden im Blick auf die Konsequenzen untersucht, die sich dadurch fur das Verhaltnis von Kunst, Sprache und Wahrnehmung bei Stifter ergeben (Abdias; Der Waldbrunnen; Turmalin).
Outcomes In Two Massachusetts Hospital Systems Give Reason For Optimism About Communication-And-Resolution Programs.

Through communication-and-resolution programs, hospitals and liability insurers communicate with patients when adverse events occur; investigate and explain what happened; and, where appropriate, apologize and proactively offer compensation. Using data recorded by program staff members and from surveys of involved clinicians, we examined case outcomes of a program used by two academic medical centers and two of their community hospitals in Massachusetts in the period 2013–15. The hospitals demonstrated good adherence to the program protocol. Ninety-one percent of the program events did not meet compensation eligibility criteria, and those events that did were not costly to resolve (the median payment was $75,000). Only 5 percent of events led to malpractice claims or lawsuits. Clinicians were supportive of the program but desired better communication about it from staff members. Our findings suggest that communication-and-resolution programs will not lead to higher liability costs when hospitals adhere to...
“‘Her Chinese Attended to Almost Everything’: Relationships of Power in the Hackett Medical College for Women, Guangzhou, China, 1901–1915”

This essay uses a 1915 crisis at the American Presbyterian Hackett Medical College for Women in Guangzhou, China as a lens to explore the level of control Chinese women, who were known as “assistants,” exercised at the school. Official literature of the Hackett portrays the American woman missionary physician Dr. Mary Fulton as controlling the college, but in fact its Chinese women graduates largely ran the institution for some years before 1915. Challenging images of American women missionary physicians either as heroines or imperialists, this article describes instead how Chinese women shaped the institution. Placing the Hackett into the broader context of American Presbyterian medical education for Chinese women since 1879, it argues that rather than only interpreting and adapting missionary ideologies, many of the Chinese women medical students in Guangzhou brought their own conceptions of women practicing medicine. In the case of medical education for women in Guangzhou before 1915, American missionaries were partially responding to Chinese traditions and demands. Ultimately, this essay presents a more complex view of cultural transfer in the women’s foreign mission movement of this period.
Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes

Embryonic, larval, and juvenile fish develop in environments that frequently present severe challenges, not just to maintain homeostasis, but to survive. Key to survival is a functional cardiovascular system, which transports respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes in response to varying tissue needs. This review begins with consideration of how the heart and circulation progressively develop to replace respiration by simple diffusion across the surface area of young fishes, and how the circulation may function initially to aid angiogenesis rather than transport. The morphology and regulation of heart formation, including the heart tube, cardiac chambers and valves, and the cardiac conduction systems is discussed, as is myocardial differentiation. Similarly, the process of angiogenesis and the formation of vascular beds are outlined, with brief mention of the secondary circulation and the lymphatic system in developing fishes. A focus of the chapter is the ontogeny of cardiovascular regulation, including regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and the peripheral vasculature. The cardiovascular system must respond to environmental variation, so the effects of temperature, oxygenation, and toxicants on the functioning of the cardiovascular system are explored. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ongoing and needed technological advances, and our emerging understanding of potential epigenetic influences on developing fishes.
Salience network coupling is linked to both tobacco smoking and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Abstract Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, even those below diagnostic threshold, enhance the likelihood of nicotine dependence, suggesting a neurobiological link between disorders. Of particular interest is the salience network (SN), which mediates attention to salient internal/external stimuli to guide behavior and is anchored by the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral anterior insula (AI). Disrupted interactions between the SN and the default mode (DMN) and central executive networks (CEN) have been noted in both ADHD and nicotine dependence. Further, enhanced intra-SN coupling between the dACC-AI influences aspects of nicotine dependence such as reactivity to smoking cues. Methods To identify links between SN functional connectivity and ADHD symptoms in nicotine dependence, we compared 21 nicotine dependent individuals with 17 non-smokers on ADHD symptoms as measured by the ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) and resting state intra and inter-SN functional connectivity. Results Relative to healthy controls, nicotine dependent individuals had significantly higher ASRS scores and greater dACC-AI coupling. No group differences were noted on inter-SN network coupling. A significant association was found between ASRS and dACC-AI coupling both in the entire cohort and specifically when evaluating nicotine dependent individuals alone. Conclusions The greater ASRS scores in nicotine dependent individuals is in line with existent literature and the stronger dACC-AI coupling in smokers further supports the role of this network in nicotine dependence. The significant association between dACC-AI coupling and ASRS suggests that intra-SN coupling strength may impact neurocognitive functioning associated with both ADHD symptoms and nicotine dependence.
Favoring the evolution of adaptive robots through environmental differentiation

In this paper we demonstrate how differentiated environmental conditions facilitate the evolution of better solutions in agents evolved for the capacity to solve the double-pole navigation problem. Moreover, we propose a new evolutionary algorithm that operates on the basis of multiple environmental niches characterized by randomly different environmental conditions. The evolving agents are distributed in their own niche but have the possibility to colonize the other niches. Agents evolved through this method outperform both agents evolved in fixed environmental conditions and agents evolved in always varying environmental conditions.
Functional Movement Disorders and Placebo: A Brief Review of the Placebo Effect in Movement Disorders and Ethical Considerations for Placebo Therapy

Background Functional movement disorders are common and disabling neurologic conditions. Patients with functional neurologic disorders represent a large proportion of neurology clinic referrals, and limited availability of subspecialty care creates a considerable burden for the healthcare system. These conditions are currently treated with a combination of physical therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, with variable success. Methods We searched the Medline database for studies on the epidemiology and physiology of functional movement disorders, as well as those on the placebo effect in movement disorders. We reviewed and summarized the literature on these topics and explored ethical issues concerning the administration of placebos to patients with functional movement disorders. Results Studies of placebos, particularly in patients with movement disorders, have shown that these "inert" agents can provide demonstrable neurophysiologic benefits, even in open-label studies. Physician surveys have shown that many administer placebos for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, although there are ethical concerns about this practice. We used a principle-based approach and reviewed ethical arguments for (justice and beneficence) and against (non-maleficence and autonomy) the use of placebos in functional movement disorders. In this context, we argue for the importance of the therapeutic alliance in preserving patient autonomy while exploring the potential benefits of placebo therapy. Conclusions An ethical argument is presented in support of nondeceptive clinical placebo use for the treatment of functional movement disorders. Patient and clinician attitudes regarding the use of placebos should be investigated before placebo-therapy trials are conducted.
Some Exponential Inequalities for Semisimple Lie Groups

Let ∥ · ∥ be any give unitarily invariant norm. We obtain some exponential relations in the context of semisimple Lie group. On one hand they extend the inequalities (1) ∥e A ∥ ≤ ∥e Re A∥ for all A ∈ ∝ n ×n where Re A denotes the Hermitian part of A, and (2) ∥e A+B ∥ ≤ ∥e A e B ∥, where A and B are n×n Hermitian matrices. On the other hand, the inequalities of Weyl, Ky Fan, Golden-Thompson, Lenard-Thompson, Cohen, and So-Thompson are recovered. Araki’s relation on (e A/2 e R e A/2) r and e rA/2 e rB e rA/2, where A,B are Hermitian and ∈ ℝ, is extended.
Fast Set Intersection through Run-Time Bitmap Construction over PForDelta-Compressed Indexes

Set intersection is a fundamental operation for evaluating conjunctive queries in the context of scientific data analysis. The state-of-the-art approach in performing set intersection, compressed bitmap indexing, achieves high computational efficiency because of cheap bitwise operations; however, overall efficiency is often nullified by the HPC I/O bottleneck, because compressed bitmap indexes typically exhibit a heavy storage footprint. Conversely, the recently-presented PForDelta-compressed index has been demonstrated to be storage-lightweight, but has limited performance for set intersection. Thus, a more effective set intersection approach should be efficient in both computation and I/O.
Cardiopulmonary effects of acceleration in relation to space flight.

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Acceleration in Belation to Space Flight. Due to differences in specific gravity, the usual hydrostatic pressure differences which exist at interfaces of the air and blood containing compartments in superior and dependent regions of the lungs at 1 G are multiplied during exposure to acceleration in direct proportion to the G level involved.
Functional Curriculum Models for Secondary Students with Mild Mental Impairment.

This paper analyzed 10 commercially available functional curriculum models designed for secondary students with mild-to-moderate mental impairment. The models were examined with respect to the inclusion of functional curriculum components, the domains and subdomains of adulthood, the materials identified by the model to be used to deliver the curriculum, and the incorporation of best practices for teaching. Results indicate that none of the models reviewed adequately addressed the needs of this population for learning in terms of providing a functional curriculum. Overall, the analysis suggests that more appropriate curriculum models need to be developed, such as one that is designed to be balanced, comprehensive, and coherent for secondary students with mild mental impairment. In addition, more research is needed on functional curricula, including the components of this approach.