cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventing Reading Failure: Prediction, Diagnosis, Intervention, by Jeannette Jansky and Katrina deHirsch. New York/Evanston/San Francisco/London: Harper & Row, 1972, 207 pp., $8.95

As a sequel to a previous work,1 Jansky and deHirsh present in Preventing Reading Failure the results of a study of 347 New York City school children who were examined prior to entering kindergarten and at the end of the second grade in that city9s public school system to ascertain the feasibility of predicting, by a group of tests, who was likely to fail to learn to read during the intervening three years despite a traditional education.
Clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies: a review.

Background Dementia with Lewy bodies is one of the most prevalent dementia diagnoses. However, differential diagnosis between dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease with dementia can still be very difficult given the overlap in neuropathology, clinical presentation, cognitive, and neuroanatomical changes. Method A literature review of dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease with dementia was conducted using PubMed. Results and Implications Accurate diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies is crucial in order to more accurately predict the progression of the disease and negative side effects from pharmacological treatment. The differences and similarities between dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease with dementia are highlighted in order to aid clinicians in differential diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Prenatal Sex Hormones on the Development of Verbal Aggression

This article considers the neuroendocrine factors leading to systematic differences in trait verbal aggression (VA). Verbally aggressive people produce messages that attack the self-concept of another (D. A. Infante & C. J. Wigley, 1986). A neuroendocrine factor, prenatal androgen exposure (PNAE), was proposed as a possible predictor of VA. To explore this possibility, the relationship between the ratio between the length of the second digit and fourth digit (2D:4D), an indicator of PNAE, and VA was examined across 2 studies. Specifically, it was predicted that variance in PNAE would be correlated with variance in trait VA. Results from the 2 studies indicated that 2D:4D is correlated with VA as predicted, even with the influence of sex removed.
Examining the Glass Ceiling

Abstract Evidence continues to demonstrate that women managers receive lower organizational rewards such as salary and promotions than men. Two recent studies are presented to illustrate the research focus on the personal characteristics of organizational decision-makers in an effort to explain the persistent and pervasive glass ceiling. Although the gender of organizational decision-makers does not seem to influence promotion decisions, decisions by both male and female managers seem to be influenced by social and organizational contexts.
Field‐Based Evaluations of Horizontal Flat‐Plate Fish Screens, II: Testing of a Unique Off‐Stream Channel Device—the Farmers Screen

Abstract Screens are installed at water diversion sites to reduce entrainment of fish. Recently, the Farmers Irrigation District (Oregon) developed a unique flat-plate screen (the “Farmers Screen”) that operates passively and may offer reduced installation and operating costs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this screen on fish, we conducted two separate field experiments. First, juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were released over a working version of this screen under a range of inflows (0.02–0.42 m3/s) and diversion flows (0.02–0.34 m3/s) at different water depths. Mean approach velocities ranged from 0 to 5 cm/s and sweeping velocities ranged from 36 to 178 cm/s. Water depths over the screen surface ranged from 1 to 25 cm and were directly related to inflow. Passage of fish over the screen under these conditions did not severely injure them or cause delayed mortality, and no fish were observed becoming impinged on the screen surface. Second, juvenile coho salmon and steelhead O. mykiss were r...
An Experimental Study of the Sheep-Trypanosome ( T. melophagium Flu, 1908), and its Transmission by the Sheep-Ked ( Melophagus ovinus L.)

Trypanosoma melophagium Flu, 1908, is a parasite of European domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.), in the blood of which it occurs in very scanty numbers and can be detected by the cultural method. In England it has been found in 80 per cent, of sheep examined.The infection is of fairly short duration and does not produce an immunity in sheep, since the latter can easily be re-infected. In all probability T. melophagium produces no pathological effect in sheep, and is incapable of infecting laboratory animals.Morphologically the sheep-trypanosome is closely allied to the cattle-trypanosome, T. theileri.The intermediate host of T. melophagium is the sheep-ked, Melophagus ovinus L., in the alimentary canal of which it passes through a definite cycle of development ending in the production of infective forms (metacyclic trypanosomes) in the hind-gut of the insect.The mode of transmission is contammative, the sheep acquiring an infection by ingesting the ked. Infection of sheep did not result from the bite of the ked, through abrasions of the skin, or from inoculation of cultures of the trypanosome.T. melophagium is easily cultivated at 30° C. Its evolution in cultures is similar to that in the invertebrate host.
Upregulation of persistent and ramp sodium current in dorsal horn neurons after spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor impairment, but also in chronic central neuropathic pain, which often is refractory to conventional treatment approaches. Upregulated expression of sodium channel Nav1.3 has been observed within the spinal dorsal horn neurons after SCI, and appears to contribute to neuronal hyperresponsiveness and pain-related behaviors. In this study we characterized the changes in sodium current properties within dorsal horn neurons after contusive SCI. Four weeks after adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent T9 spinal cord contusion injury, when behavioral nociceptive thresholds were decreased to both mechanical and thermal stimuli, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on acutely dissociated lumbar dorsal horn neurons. The cells demonstrated characteristic fast-activating and fast-inactivating sodium currents. SCI led to a shift of the steady-state activation and inactivation of the sodium current towards more depolarized potentials. The shifted steady-state inactivation shows similarities to that obtained from axotomized dorsal root ganglions, which were shown to upregulate Nav1.3. Small slow depolarizations below action potential threshold produced ramp currents, which were markedly enhanced by SCI (from 182 ± 41 to 338 ± 55 pA). The density of the noninactivating persistent sodium current was also significantly enhanced in neurons from SCI animals (from 17.4 ± 3.2 to 27.7 ± 4.4 pA/pF at 50–70 ms of depolarization). The increased persistent sodium current and ramp current, which are consistent with upregulation of Nav1.3 within dorsal horn neurons, suggest a basis for the hyperresponsiveness of these neurons following SCI.
Effect of diathermy on muscle temperature, electromyography, and mechanomyography

This study examined the effects of pulsed shortwave diathermy on intramuscular temperature, surface electromyography (EMG), and mechanomyography (MMG) of the vastus lateralis. Thirty-five men were assigned to diathermy (n = 13), sham-diathermy (n = 12), or control (n = 10) groups. Each subject performed isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and incremental ramp contractions (10%–90% MVC) before and after treatment. Torque, intramuscular temperature, EMG, and MMG were recorded. Temperature for the diathermy group increased (P ≤ 0.05). MMG amplitude and instantaneous mean frequency (IMF) increased (P ≤ 0.05) during the MVCs with the greatest increases observed for the diathermy group. During ramp contractions, MMG amplitude and IMF increased at all percentages of MVC (10%–90%) for the diathermy group only (P ≤ 0.05). There were no changes in MVC torque, EMG amplitude, or IMF. Diathermy treatments may decrease musculotendinous stiffness, but not absolute strength or motor control strategies that influence force production. Muscle Nerve, 2008
CD8+ T-cell memory to viruses.

Abstract Recent experiments show that laboratory mice infected once with an influenza A virus or with the murine parainfluenza type 1 virus, called the Sendai virus, have enhanced numbers of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (20x background) for life. Neither virus persists at the genome level, and the mice are maintained under conditions where there is no possibility of re-infection. These observations are highly relevant to any understanding of CD8+ cell memory and suggest that the clonal burst size associated with the primary challange is a key determining factor.
Microstructural variations induced by gravity level during directional solidification of near-eutectic iron-carbon type alloys

The effects of gravity on the microstructure of directionally solidified near-eutectic cast irons are studied, using a Bridgman-type automatic directional solidification furnace aboard a NASA KC-135 aircraft which flies parabolic arcs and generates alternating periods of low-g (0.01 to 0.001 g, 30 seconds long) and high-g (1.8 g, 1.5 minutes long). Results show a refinement of the interlamellar spacing of the eutectic during low-g processing of metastable Fe-C eutectic alloys. Low-g processing of stable Fe-C-Si eutectic alloys (lamellar or spheroidal graphite) results in a coarsening of the eutectic grain structure. Secondary dendrite arm spacing of austenite increases in low-g and decreases in high-g. The effectiveness of low-gravity in the removal of buoyancy-driven graphite phase segregation is demonstrated.
Does Higher Income Make You More Altruistic? Evidence from the Holocaust

Abstract This paper considers the decision of Gentiles whether to rescue Jews during the Holocaust, a situation of altruistic behavior under life-or-death stakes. I examine the role to which economic factors may have influenced the decision to be a rescuer. Using cross-country data and detailed individual-level data on rescuers and nonrescuers, I find that richer countries had many more rescuers than poorer ones, and within countries, richer people were more likely to be rescuers than poorer people. The individual-level effect of income on being a rescuer remains significant after controlling for ease-of-rescue variables, such as the number of rooms in one's home, suggesting that the correlation of income and rescue is not solely driven by richer people having more resources for rescue. Given that richer people might be thought to have more to lose by rescuing, the evidence is consistent with the view that altruism increases with income.
Development of tolerance to 2-butoxyethanol-induced hemolytic anemia and studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Abstract Early work demonstrated that a single administration of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) causes acute hemolytic anemia in rats. Current studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of repetitive daily dosing of BE on the hematologic parameters of male F344 rats. Treatment of rats with BE daily (125 mg/kg/day) for 1 to 3 consecutive days resulted in a time-dependent increase in the hemolysis of erythrocytes. However, when daily treatment with BE continued beyond 3 days, the number of erythrocytes began to rebound and approached pretreatment levels within 12 days despite continued daily exposure, suggesting development of tolerance to the hemolytic effect of BE. In vivo and in vitro studies were designed to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of tolerance to the hematotoxicity of BE. Rats were treated with 125 mg BE/kg/day for 3 days followed by a 7-day recovery. At the end of this recovery period, rats were challenged with a single 125 or 250 mg BE/kg dose and the hematologic profiles were assessed at 2, 8, and 24 hr later. A significant decline in the sensitivity of BE-pretreated/recovered rats compared to vehiclepretreated rats was observed. Further, in vitro incubation of blood obtained from BE-pretreated/recovered with the hematotoxic metabolite of BE, 2-butoxyacetic acid (BAA), revealed that erythrocytes obtained from these rats were significantly less sensitive to BAA than those obtained from normal rats. These studies suggested that tolerance is due, at least in part, to the lesser sensitivity of young erythrocytes formed during the regeneration process. In another study, rats were rendered anemic by bleeding followed by a 7-day recovery. BE administration to bled/recovered rats demonstrated that these rats were less sensitive than rats which were not subjected to bleeding. In vitro incubation of blood obtained from the bled/recovered animals with BAA demonstrated that erythrocytes were significantly less sensitive to BAA than those obtained from control rats. This further confirmed that young erythrocytes, formed during the regeneration process, were less sensitive to BAA than older erythrocytes. Current data also suggested that it is unlikely that tolerance is caused by modification of BE metabolism in rats repetitively exposed to this chemical. In conclusion, chronic exposure to BE would be expected to result in tolerance to BE-induced hemolytic anemia. The mechanisms responsible are likely related to the fact that older cells are more susceptible to BE and BAA and that hemolysis of these cells during the initial exposure followed by their replacement with less susceptible younger cells may account for tolerance development.
Patterns of recurrence in patients treated with bevacizumab in the primary treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of the first site of recurrence in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who received first-line treatment with bevacizumab compared with patients who did not receive bevacizumab. Methods From the Cancer Registry database at our institutions, we identified a group of patients with recurrent EOC who underwent treatment from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. Each patient record was evaluated to classify the site of first recurrence. Correlation between categorical variables was assessed with χ2 test. Results Two hundred ninety-two patients with advanced EOC (stage III or IV) who originally responded to chemotherapy and had a recurrence were identified. Of these, 37 (12.5%) had received postoperative chemotherapy bevacizumab, and 255 (87.5%) did not. Compared with those not treated with bevacizumab, there was a lower incidence of liver recurrence (0% vs 9%; P = 0.05) and a higher rate of lung and/or pleural recurrence (22% vs 5%; P = 0.001) and recurrence at distant sites (22% vs 9%; P = 0.03) in patients who received bevacizumab. There was no difference in the incidence of ascites at the time of recurrence between these groups. Conclusions Patients who received bevacizumab as part of primary treatment for EOC had a higher rate of lung and/or pleural recurrence and a lower rate of liver recurrence. There was no difference in the rate of ascites at the time of recurrence.
X-Ray and Infrared Observations of Embedded Young Stars in NGC 2264

Images of the NGC 2264 star-forming region, which we have acquired with the XMM-Newton spacecraft, reveal strong X-ray emission from three deeply embedded (Av > 10 mag) young stellar objects in the vicinity of Allen's infrared source (AFGL 989 = IRS 1) and Castelaz & Grasdalen s infrared source (RNO-EW = IRS 2). Thermal plasma models for the brightest source in X-rays, located 11 southwest of Allen's star, yield a quasi-steady luminosity of Lx = 10 ergs s-1 and an extraordinarily high X-ray temperature of 100 MK. The high temperature is consistent with the presence of emission lines of Fe xxv and Fe xxvi at photon energies of 6.7 and 6.9 keV, respectively. An even higher temperature of nearly 140 MK was observed during the rise phase of a powerful impulsive X-ray flare of another young star in the IRS 2 region. Moderate-resolution near-infrared (1-4 um) spectra of the embedded objects, obtained at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, exhibit deep water ice absorption bands, as well as a variety of emission and absorption features of H I, CO, and both neutral and ionized metals.
Evolutionary Trends in Euglenoids

Abstract Representative genera of several orders of euglenophytes are compared and evaluated with respect to flagellar systems and nutritional strategies. As nutritional modes change from phagotrophy to phototrophy, there are concomitant changes in flagellar numbers, motility patterns and substructures, especially in the paraxonemal rods. We suggest that these differences in flagella and nutrition are interrelated and can serve as major criteria in the assessment of evolutionary trends in the phylum.
Temperature/flow statistics and thermomechanics of low-temperature geothermal systems in Iceland

Abstract A survey of low-temperature geothermal activity in Iceland shows that there is a strong positive correlation between the temperature and the mass flow of the systems. The relation is very clearly displayed by the thermal systems in Central Northern Iceland. Subdividing the temperature interval from 20/dgC to 100°C into 8 intervals of equal length and plotting the average system flow in each interval against the average temperature of the interval we find that the mass flow increases with the temperature. At the lower end this relation is the result of a conductive cooling of the thermal water as it ascends to the surface. At temperatures above 50°C convective effects appear to be the dominant cause. A very simple lumped element analysis of the low-temperature systems results in reasonable estimates of important flow parameters. The convective downward migration of fracture spaces along the walls of mafic dikes appears to be a dominant thermomechanical process in the development of the low-temperature systems in Northern Iceland.
Reference price effect and its implications for decision making in online auctions: An empirical study

Simultaneous supplies of an item by multiple online auction vendors greatly reduce the burden of arduous search that a consumer has to conduct in a brick-and-mortar market. The enriched information set endows all auction participants with added decision flexibility and complexity. One of such flexibilities or complications is the potential of information cross-referencing. In this study, we empirically tested if and how bidders interacted with each other through cross-referencing. Our results strongly supported the existence of cross-referencing. We also identified new strategies and tactical moves as best responses for sellers and bidders under the online simultaneous condition. This research provided another support for the path-dependent nature of online auctions as bidders were found to actively adjust their behavior in avoidance of winner's curse.
INHIBITION OF HIV-1 TRANSCRIPTION AND VIRUS REPLICATION USING SOLUBLE TAT PEPTIDE ANALOGS

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator Tat protein is essential for efficient viral gene expression and virus replication. The Tat core domain, a stretch of 12 amino acids between the cysteine-rich and the basic domain, is conserved in all HIV isolates and required for interaction with a number of cellular transcriptional regulatory proteins. Here we demonstrate that soluble peptide analogs of the Tat core domain (amino acid 36-50) are able to effectively block LTR transactivation. In transfection experiments, Tat core peptide analogs containing amino acid substitutions at position 41 and 44 inhibited Tat transactivation of an HIV-1 LTR-CAT reporter construct up to 80-fold. In contrast, inhibition of other promoters such as HTLV-I and CMV was approximately 2-fold. Tat peptide analog 36-50 (41/44) inhibited HIV virus replication by 85% in latently infected U1 cells induced with Tat. Furthermore, U1 cells treated with the Tat peptide 36-50 (41/44) analog showed markedly delayed virus transmission when cocultivated with parental U937 cells. Interestingly, while both short and long peptide analogs (amino acids 36-50 vs 36-72) inhibited Tat transactivation in transient assays, the short peptides were more effective inhibitors of virus replication in U1 cells. The Tat peptide analog did not decrease expression of cellular genes including beta-actin, GAPDH, and histone H2B.
Infants' Developing Sensitivity to Object Function: Attention to Features and Feature Correlations

When learning object function, infants must detect relations among features—for example, that squeezing is associated with squeaking or that objects with wheels roll. Previously, Perone and Oakes (2006) found 10-month-old infants were sensitive to relations between object appearances and actions, but not to relations between appearances and sounds or actions and sounds. In this article the authors probed the development of infants' attention to feature correlations critical for representing function by testing 8- and 12-month-old infants' (N = 126) sensitivity to such relations. Eight-month-old infants learned individual features but were not sensitive to the relations between those features. Twelve-month-old infants were sensitive to the relation among the features and significantly responded to violations in learned relations between object appearances and actions and between appearances and sounds. Thus, across development, infants become sensitive to an increasing number of relations with age, support...
Looking at Ephebophilia through the Lens of Cleric Sexual Abuse

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops commissioned John Jay College of Criminal Justice to conduct a national study that was descriptive of the nature and extent of clerical sexual abuse, demographics of offenders and victims, and other factors. Embedded in the report however was clear evidence that the majority of victims were pubescent or post-pubescent males lending support for the need of an additional diagnostic category: ephebophilia. We examine the report concluding there is evidence for the validity of the ephebophilia construct and its differentiation from pedophilia.
Relatives' Perceptions of Their Interactional Behavior with a Schizop/hrenic Family Member

Relatives' (N = 77) perceptions of their recent interactional behavior with a schizophrenic family member (N = 51), as measured by an adjective checklist, were compared with outside observer ratings of the relatives' Affective Style (AS) and the patients' Coping Style (CS) during a family interaction task. Results indicated that, overall, the relatives in the present sample perceived their own interactional behavior toward the patient, as well as the patients' behavior toward them, in a way that paralleled their affective behavior as assessed by outside raters. Moreover, the relatives' rated their relationship with the patient in a fashion that was more predictive of the observed interactional behavior of both the relatives and the patients than were the outside observers' ratings of the relatives' Expressed Emotion (EE) measured either at the patients' index hospitalization (using the Camberwell Family Interview, CFI-EE) or during the post-discharge period (assessed with a brief Five-Minute Speech Sample method, FMSS-EE).
Optics in Future Data Center Networks

Optical interconnects offer significant advantages for future high performance data center networks. Progress towards integrating new optical technologies deeper into systems is reviewed, and the prospects for optical architectures beyond point-to-point optical links are discussed.
Role of the histidine residues of visna virus nucleocapsid protein in metal ion and DNA binding

Zinc finger (ZF) domains in retroviral nucleocapsid proteins usually contain one histidine per metal ion coordination complex (Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys). Visna virus nucleocapsid protein, p8, has two additional histidines (in the second of its two ZFs) that could potentially bind metal ions. Absorption spectra of cobalt-bound ZF2 peptides were altered by Cys alkylation and mutation, but not by mutation of the extra histidines. Our results show that visna p8 ZFs involve three Cys and one His in the canonical spacing in metal ion coordination, and that the two additional histidines appear to interact with nucleic acid bases in p8–DNA complexes.
Research into practice: Cattell-Horn-Carroll cognitive assessment in practice: Eligibility and program development issues

In this article we explore the application of Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)-based cognitive assessment to school psychology practice. We review the theoretical literature to address both identification practices, with a focus on learning disabilities and mental retardation eligibility, and program development, with a focus on linking assessment to intervention design. We present case studies that illustrate the application of CHC-based cognitive assessment to identification and intervention development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Underlying cognitive abilities, regardless of their determinants (i.e., heredity or environment), are associated with academic achievement in school. Most school psychologists and educators would probably agree that the way a student processes, stores, retrieves, and analyzes information influences how that student will perform in school. Within such a perspective, the assessment and interpretation of a student’s cognitive abilities is warranted to gain a more substantial understanding of those effects on academic achievement. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities is considered one of the most well-validated, comprehensive models of cognitive functioning (e.g., Evans, Floyd, McGrew, & Leforgee, 2002). We briefly review CHC theory and then discuss ways to incorporate the theory and empirical findings into everyday school psychology practice. Within the CHC conceptual framework, cognitive functioning (g) is subdivided into specific
Experimental methods for designing, testing, and producing reliable high-power ion lasers

Water-cooled ion lasers have been commercially available for 25 years. Since the introduction of the metal-ceramic plasma tube technology 10 years ago, a considerable amount of research and development activity at Coherent has been devoted to improving the operating life and reliability of this kind of tube. The efficient generation of laser radiation imposes stringent requirements on the discharge parameters and, consequently, on the plasma tube itself. We have developed various methods to analyze the discharge environment, test the effectiveness of new materials and tube designs, and control the manufacturing process. The combined use of these methods allows the production of tubes with lifetimes that can exceed 10,000 hours in the visible wavelengths and 5,000 hours in the ultraviolet.
Liganded Androgen Receptor Interaction with β-Catenin NUCLEAR CO-LOCALIZATION AND MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY IN NEURONAL CELLS

A yeast two-hybrid assay was employed to identify androgen receptor (AR) protein partners in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cells. By using an AR deletion construct (AR-(Δ371–485)) as a bait, β-catenin was identified as an AR-interacting protein from a gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cell library. Immunolocalization of co-transfected AR and FLAG-β-catenin demonstrated that FLAG-β-catenin was predominantly cytoplasmic in the absence of androgen. In the presence of 5α-dihydrotestosterone, FLAG-β-catenin completely co-localized to the nucleus with AR. This effect was specific to AR because liganded progesterone, glucocorticoid, or estrogen α receptors did not translocate FLAG-β-catenin to the nucleus. Agonist-bound AR was required because the AR antagonists casodex and hydroxyflutamide failed to translocate β-catenin. Time course experiments demonstrated that co-translocation occurred with similar kinetics. Nuclear co-localization was independent of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β, p42/44 ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways because inhibitors of these pathways had no effect. Transcription assays demonstrated that liganded AR repressed β-catenin/T cell factor-responsive reporter gene activity. Conversely, co-expression of β-catenin/T cell factor repressed AR stimulation of AR-responsive reporter gene activity. Our data suggest that liganded AR shuttles β-catenin to the nucleus and that nuclear interaction of AR with β-catenin may modulate transcriptional activity in androgen target tissues.
Inhibition of pupillary orienting reflex by novelty in conjunction with recognition memory

constriction. e Issue concernmg t e negative In uc Ion , of the orienting reflex by memory required demonstration of pupillary constriction to stimulus novelty, since this phenomenon cannot in any way be predicted by Sokolov's theory. When recognition memory was well formed, stimulus novelty not only failed to elicit the orienting reflex in the form of pupillary dilation, but elicited pupillary constriction instead, demonstrating the relation of negative induction in the original sense of Pavlov's theory relating the mechanisms of the pupillary orienting reflex to recognition memory.
Zum Wirkungsquerschnitt depolarisierender Stöβe. I. Die Berechnung des Wirkungsquerschnittes aus Polarisationsgradmessungen

Unter vereinfachenden Annahmen und gewissen Vernachlassigungen wurden Gleichungen abgeleitet, die es gestatten, aus der Grose des gemessenen Polarisationsgrades der Resonanzfluoreszenz eines Atomdampfes die Stoszahlen und Stosquerschnitte fur depolarisierende Stose, die durch ein zugefugtes Fremdgas verursacht werden, zu ermitteln. Hierbei wurde der Einflus der Versuchsanordnung und der Einflus gleichzeitig auftretender Effekte wie Strahlungsdiffusion, loschende Stose und Phasenstorungsstose als auch die Anisotropie der Fluoreszenzabklingdauer berucksichtigt.
Randomized Comparison of Two Techniques for Titrating Power During Radiofrequency Ablation of Accessory Pathways

Impedance Versus Temperature Monitoring. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the value of impedance and temperature monitoring during accessory pathway ablation. Temperature and impedance monitoring can be used during radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways to titrate power to achieve adequate but not excessive tissue beating. Methods and Results: One hundred thirty-two patients with a single accessory pathway were randomly assigned to undergo ablation using either impedance monitoring or temperature monitoring. During impedance monitoring, tbe endpoint for titration of power was a 5- to lO-fl decrease in tbe measured impedance while for temperature monitoring the endpoint was to achieve a temperature of 58° to 62°C. Two protocols were used. In protocol 1 (90 patients), impedance monitoring was performed with a nonthermistor catheter and temperature monitoring was performed with a thermistor catheter. In protocol 2 (42 patients), a thermistor catheter was used in all patients. In protocol 1, the success rate (93% vs 93%; P = 1.0), ablation procedure duration (57 ± 56 vs 41 ± 41 min), fluoroscopy time (48 ± 29 vs 41 ± 23 min; P = 0.3), number of applications (6.2 ± 4.7 vs 5.7 ± 4.6; P = 0.8), and tbe number of applications associated with coagulum formation (0.1 ± 0.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.6; P = 0.1) were similar in the two groups. In protocol 2, as in protocol 1, tbere were no differences in the success rate (91% vs 95%; P = 1.0), ablation procedure duration (49 ± 37 vs 62 ± 55 min; P = 0.4), fluoroscopy time (46 ± 24 vs 49 ± 36 min; P = 0.8), number of applications (6.8 ± 7.0 vs 7.8 ± 12.1; P = 0.7), or number of applications associated witb coagulum formation (0.3 ± 0.6 vs 0.2 ± 0.7; P = 0.6) between the impedance and temperature monitoring groups. Conclusion: Temperature and impedance monitoring are equally effective in optimizing tbe results of accessory pathway ablation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 7, pp. 795-801,
Incompressible viscous flows resulting from the steady rotation of a finite disk

Low Reynolds number solutions are obtained for two flows which are generated by the steady rotation of a finite disk of zero thickness in its own plane. The disk is assumed to be either immersed in an infinite body of fluid or else coplanar with a solid stationary plane with the fluid filling the half space on one side of it. In both cases the swirl is strong near the source of disturbance and weakens with the distance from the disk. Spatial variations of the centrifugal acceleration give rise to radial outflow near the disk as well as to inflow along the axis of symmetry. Since the disk is taken to be finite the analysis presented accounts for the conditions prevailing at the rim and beyond it. Thus, it is found that when the solid stationary plane is absent the flow is faster than when that partition is present. The retarding effect is noticeable even in the vicinity of the origin.
Method for purification of bacterial endospores from soils: UV resistance of natural Sonoran desert soil populations of Bacillus spp. with reference to B. subtilis strain 168.

Abstract Endospores of Bacillus spp. were purified from three Sonoran desert soil samples by Chelex extraction and NaBr density gradient centrifugation and their UV resistances compared with that of B. subtilis strain 168. Natural spore populations exhibited tight adherence to soil particles which was not readily overcome by the extraction and purification procedure. It was observed that spores purified from soil exhibited 2–3 fold higher resistance to UV (as measured by the 90% lethal dose, LD90) than did B. subtilis strain 168 grown on NSM, a standard laboratory sporulation medium, and purified by the same extraction procedure. Cultivation of spore-forming bacteria isolated from soil on NSM resulted in production of spores with essentially identical UV resistance as strain 168, suggesting that spore UV resistance is influenced by the environment in which spores are produced.
Adenosylcobinamide, the Base-Free Analog of Coenzyme B12 (Adenosylcobalamin). 1.1 Probing the Role of the Axial 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole Base in Coenzyme B12 via Exogenous Axial Base Kassociation, ΔH, and ΔS Measurements plus a Critical Review of the Relevant Biochemical Literature

Adenosylcobinamide (AdoCbi+BF4-), the base-free form of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl or coenzyme B12), has been studied with a series of 14 exogenous α-axial bases. Specifically, equilibrium association constants, Kassoc, as a function of temperature were measured, and thus their associated ΔH and ΔS were obtained. Bases studied include the following: (i) exogenous 1,5,6-trimethylbenzimidazole [analogous to adenosylcobalamin's intramolecularly appended 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole base]; (ii) sterically encumbered phosphine bases (none of which showed detectable binding in dramatic contrast to studies of, for example, cobaloxime B12 “models”); and (iii) electronically increasingly donating, but isosteric, 4-substituted pyridine axial bases. The general trends from the present Kassoc studies are 2-fold: the more electron donating the base, the greater the Kassoc, and bulky bases bind weakly if at all. This paper also contains a tabular summary of the existing, non-Ado RCbi+ axial-base Kassoc literature plus th...
Velocity dependence of simple magnetic devices in atomic physics

Using basic undergraduate‐level physics one can understand some of the devices used in atomic physics. The two devices discussed are the Stern‐Gerlach deflecting magnet and the hexapole focusing magnet. These types of magnets are frequently used in atomic physics experiments. The state selecting properties of these devices are frequently described in texts, but the velocity dependence is often overlooked.
STITCH AND SEW: THE IMPACT OF MEDICAL RESOURCES UPON CRIMINALLY INDUCED LETHALITY

One theoretical explanation for the consistently high Southern homicide rates is that the South constitutes a “regional culture of violence.” Although this perspective has not garnered much empirical support, sound theoretical alternatives have not emerged. The present study attempts to fill this gap by suggesting that emergency medical services are an overlooked intervening influence in the production of homicide and aggravated battery rates. Analysis of data from the 67 counties in Florida provides some support for the notion that the differential distribution of medical resources is partially responsible for variation in criminally induced lethality rates
Neural mechanisms of target ranging in FM bats: physiological evidence from bats and frogs

Echolocating bats assess target range by the delay in echo relative to the emitted sonar pulse. Earlier studies in FM bats showed that a population of neurons in auditory centers above the inferior colliculus (IC) is tuned to echo delay, with different neurons tuned to different echo delays. A building block for delay-tuned responses is paradoxical latency shift (PLS), featuring longer response latencies to more intense sounds. PLS is first created in the IC, where neurons exhibit unit-specific quantum increase in response latency with increasing sound level. Other IC neurons display oscillatory discharges whose period is unit-specific and level tolerant, indicating that this is attributable to cell's intrinsic properties. High-threshold inhibition of oscillatory discharge produces PLS, indicating that oscillatory discharge is a building block for PLS. To investigate the cellular basis of oscillatory discharges, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from IC neurons in leopard frogs (which also exhibit oscillatory discharges and PLS). These recordings show that IC neurons are heterogeneous displaying diverse biophysical phenotypes; each phenotype (and cell) has its own membrane time constant, input resistance, and strengths of I(h), I(kir), I(kv)--these intrinsic properties give rise to cell-specific resonance which can be observed through current and afferent stimulations.
Structure of brominated thornel P-100 carbon fibers

Abstract Brominated Thornel P-100 carbon fibers are found to be intercalated, as shown by Raman scattering. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction show that the bromine layers in the fibers are disordered at room temperature, even though all previously reported graphite-bromine phases exhibit inplane superlattice ordering at room temperature. A new phase transition at 271 K was observed by differential scanning calorimetry, electron diffraction, and the variation of the electrical resistivity with temperature; it corresponds to the reversible change between inplane disorder above 271 K to inplane superlattice order below 271 K. The 240 cm−1 intercalate Raman peak at room temperature is much broader than that of previously reported graphite-bromine, indicating more nonuniformity in intercalate structure in the fibers. The chemical interaction between bromine and the fibers is similar to that between bromine and graphite, as shown by the increase of the bromine desorption rate at 100°C upon heating for both fibers and graphite and the decrease of the electrical resistivity by bromination in fibers as well as graphite. No evidence for bulk bromine in the fibers was obtained.
Calcium sensing in cultured chondrogenic RCJ3.1C5.18 cells.

The availability of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid plays an important role in regulating cartilage and bone formation. We hypothesized that chondrocytes detect changes in the extracellular[ Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o) and modify their function. The effects of changing[ Ca2+]o on the expression of matrix proteins were quantified by staining of cartilage nodules with alcian green and assessing RNA levels of cartilage-specific genes in chondrogenic RCJ3.1C5.18 (C5.18) cells. Alcian green staining in these cells decreased with increasing [Ca2+]o in a dose-dependent and reversible manner (ID50, ∼2 mm Ca2+). RNA levels for aggrecan and type II collagen decreased with increasing [Ca2+]o (ID50, ∼2.0 and 4.1 mm Ca2+, respectively). RNA levels for type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase were also reduced by high [Ca2+]o with ID50 values of approximately 2.9 and 1.6 mm Ca2+, respectively. These responses were rapid, in that increasing [Ca2+]o from 1.0 to more than 6 mm suppressed aggrecan RNA levels by about 50%, and lowering...
Induction of Haploid Plants from Unpollinated Ovules in Nicotiana rustica

Haploid plants derived from asexual embryos and/or calli were obtained at a high frequency by the culture of unpollinated ovules of Nicotiana rustica. The addition of kinetin was found to be a key factor in the induction of gynogenesis. Moreover, histological observations revealed that some of the regenerants were derived from female gametophytes.
Metabolic effects of soy supplementation in postmenopausal Caucasian and African American women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Objective We sought to determine the effect of daily soy supplementation on abdominal fat, glucose metabolism, and circulating inflammatory markers and adipokines in obese, postmenopausal Caucasian and African American women. Study Design In a double-blinded controlled trial, 39 postmenopausal women were randomized to soy supplementation or to a casein placebo without isoflavones. In all, 33 completed the study and were analyzed. At baseline and at 3 months, glucose disposal and insulin secretion were measured using hyperglycemic clamps, body composition and body fat distribution were measured by computed tomographic scan and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, and adiponectin were measured by immunoassay. Results Soy supplementation reduced total and subcutaneous abdominal fat and interleukin-6. No difference between groups was noted for glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, or adiponectin. Conclusion Soy supplementation reduced abdominal fat in obese postmenopausal women. Caucasians primarily lost subcutaneous and total abdominal fat, and African Americans primarily lost total body fat.
Controlling the rich limit of operation of pulse combustors

This paper describes an investigation of the characteristics of the driving processes and the mechanisms which control the existence of a rich limit of operation of a gas fueled, valved, Helmholtz type, pulse combustor. Oscillating pressures and heat release rates were measured and the flow field was visualized using high speed shadowgraphy. The driving efficiency of the combustion process was quantified over a wide range of operating conditions. The results indicate that the processes which control the lean and rich limits of operation of the pulse combustor are fundamentally different. Near the lean limit of pulsations, the driving of the pulsations by the combustion process is low because of the large phase angle between the pressure and heat release oscillations. Near stoichiometric conditions, the driving process is most efficient. Nevertheless, a rich limit is reached. This occurs because as the equivalence ratio is increased the ignition of the new fuel is delayed. A rich limit is then reached when insufficient time remains to complete the mixing and combustion of the reactants before the reaction is quenched by the backflow of combustion products. The rich limit may be extended if the time available for combustion is prolonged either through lengthening the periol of oscillations or by accelerating the mixing.
An improved procedure for the synthesis of oxindole-3-carbinol (hydroxymethyl oxindole)

Abstract Oxindole-3-carbinol was synthesized by the photochemical oxidation of 3-indoleacetic acid. The reaction was performed in buffered aqueous solution at pH 4·6 in the presence of riboflavin and using fluorescent lamps as an energy source. The molar extinction coefficient of oxindole-3-carbinol in 95% ethanol was determined to be 21,300.
Indexing of Journals in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Other Bibliographic Databases — Why Not CJHP ?

Pharmacists, other health care professionals, and scientists rely on information in biomedical and other professional journals to keep up to date on advances in pharmacy, medicine, pharmacotherapy, pharmacology, and health care in general and to find answers to specific questions related to patient care, research, education, and related issues. Easy access to information in the literature is important for the provision of optimal patient care. For most of us working in health care, literature search tools, particularly searchable online databases, are the major mode of accessing scientific and medical information. Several publications and searchable databases
Pourbaix-like phase diagram for lithium manganese spinels in acid

Calculations are performed on the free energies for proton-promoted reactions of the lithium-ion-battery electrode material LiMn2O4 spinel in acid, as a function of lithium excess and lithium deficiency relative to stoichiometry. In particular, we consider the dissolution reaction proposed by Hunter (J. Solid State Chem., 1981, 39, 142), in which protons react with lithium manganate spinel to form λ-MnO2, Li+, and Mn2+ products. The calculations employ a hybrid method developed in previous work in which first principles total energy calculations are applied for the solid phases and free atom energies, and tabulated ionization and hydration energies for the aqueous species. A correction to the atomic energies, derived from analysis of binary oxide dissolution reactions, improves the accuracy of the results. A Pourbaix-like dissolution/stability phase diagram is constructed from the resultant reaction free energies.
Deeper into the (infra)red

Generation and coherent electro-optic detection of far-infrared and mid-infrared radiation enable new capabilities compared to photoconductive detection techniques.
Higher Prehospital Priority Level for Stroke Makes Sense: The Hyper Acute STroke Alarm (HASTA) Study

troke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of disability in the United S States (4). Major advances in the medical, surgical, and interventional approaches to stroke therapy have occurred in the past two decades, yet many patients still do not reach the appropriate clinical setting in a timely fashion (2, 3). How patients are triaged by the emergency medical system from time of first emergency call could determine how quickly they reach appropriate medical care. In Sweden, the priority level assigned to stroke patients is two—an ambulance should reach a stroke patient in less than 30 minutes unless it is needed for a priority one event. Priority one events are defined as imminently lifethreatening events such as severe burns and heart attacks. Although this classification may seem intuitive in limitedresource scenarios, it may not ensure optimum allocation of resources and optimal outcomes.