cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ domain multiplication and migration in the antiferroelectric ceramic PLSnZT

Abstract The domain structures of an antiferroelectric perovskite in the system (Pb, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O 3 have been examined over a range of length scales by TEM. The structure consists of multiple orientation variants of a long range incommensurate modulation running along one of the 〈110〉 directions with an approximate wavelength 9 a / √2. The incommensurate modulation gives rise to several characteristic patterns of contrast. Beam-induced charging causes domain wall migration in specimens with an incomplete conductive coating. In one instance, a novel regenerative domain source was observed.
Approaching the biochemistry of virus multiplication.

The evolution of research on the biochemistry of virus multiplication cannot be understood without knowing something of the structure of biochemistry and of virology before, during and immediately after World War II. My own research on virus multiplication began after studies on plant viruses and wartime research on the rickettsial components of the typhus vaccine, all of which involved work on the nucleic acids. Interest in the chemotherapy of virus disease led to a search for a model system. A simple methodology for handling phage systems enabled biochemists to examine infected cells. The fortuitous use of an extremely virulent phage group (the T-even phages) which evoke marked changes in polymeric products without affecting the production of energy and small building blocks facilitated these studies. An exaggerated synthesis of viral DNA by these phages concentrated our attention on the origins of this substance, which proved to contain a new pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, synthesized by a novel virus-determined enzyme. The generality of the existence of virus-induced enzymes and other proteins may be the key to a chemotherapy of virus infection.
Fast and efficient partial code reordering: taking advantage of dynamic recompilatior

Poor instruction cache locality can degrade performance on modern architectures. For example, our simulation results show that eliminating all instruction cache misses improves performance by as much as 16% for a modestly sized instruction cache. In this paper, we show how to take advantage of dynamic code generationin a Java Virtual Machine (VM) to improve instruction locality at run-time. We develop a dynamic code reordering (DCR) system; alow overhead, online approach for improving instruction locality. DCR has three optimizations: (1) Interprocedural method separation; (2) Intraprocedural code splitting; and (3) Code padding. DCR uses the dynamic call graph and an edge profile that most VMs already collect to separate hot/cold methods and hot/cold code within a method. It also puts padding between methods to minimize conflict misses between frequent caller/callee pairs. It incrementally performs these optimizations only when the VM is optimizing a method at a higher level. We implement DCR in Jikes RVM and show its overhead is negligible. Extensive simulation and run-time experiments show that a simple code space improves average performance on a Pentium 4 by around 6% on SPEC and DaCapo Java benchmarks. These programs however have very small instruction cache footprints that limit opportunities for DCR to improve performance. Consequently, DCR optimizations on average show little effect, sometimes degrading performance and occasionally improving performance by up to 5%. Our work shows that the VM has the potential to dynamically improve instruction locality incrementally by simply piggybacking on hotspot recompilation.
Degradation of thermal performance of ball grid arrays after thermal cycling

The thermal performance of ball grid array packages depends upon many parameters including die size, use of thermal balls, number of perimeter balls, use of underfill, and printed circuit board heat spreader and thermal via and spreader design. Thermal cycling can affect the integrity of thermal paths in and around the BGA as a result of the cracking of solder balls and delamination of the package, including at underfill interfaces. In this study, the impact of thermal cycling on the thermal performance of BGA's was investigated and quantified. A number of test boards which included a range of the parameters cited above were experimentally examined. A baseline thermal resistance was measured for each case, which was verified with numerical thermal modeling. The boards were then subjected to thermal cycling from -40degC to 125degC. Every 250 cycles the thermal performance was measured. Packages expected to be least reliable (with large die and no underfill), showed an increase in thermal resistance after 750 thermal cycles. Further increases in thermal resistance were observed with continuous thermal cycling until solder joint failure occurred at 1250 cycles, preventing additional measurements. The correlation between thermal cycling and thermal resistance was then analyzed using a numerical structural simulation model that predicted crack initiation in the solder joints. The first observed thermal resistance increase occurred in close proximity to the number of cycles where the finite element model predicted initiation of cracking in the thermal solder balls
Case of the month: 'Air-in a view'

A 57-year-old female was referred to Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) for investigation of recurrent pancreatitis. Her first episode of pancreatitis, which had occurred 3 years earlier, manifested as epigastric pain and a markedly elevated serum amylase level which necessitated hospital admission for 9 days. Her history was negative for relevant pancreatic risk factors including alcohol abuse, medications, family history and hyperlipidaemia. Ultrasound (US) of the gallbladder showed no gallstones. CT of the abdomen showed a swollen head of pancreas with peri-pancreatic inflammatory change and fluid, consistent with pancreatitis. The biliary tree was not dilated. She made a complete recovery and was well until 8 months later when she had recurrent epigastric pain of a similar character with elevation of the serum amylase. She was admitted to hospital for 3 days. A repeat US scan showed no cholelithiasis. Following resolution of her symptoms, she underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography...
The Cholesterol Controversy

OBJECJIVE:To provide information about the controversy associated with lowering of cholesterol concentrations to preventcoronary heartdisease(CHD).DATA SOURCFS:Studies, review articles, and editorials identified from MEDLINE searches (from 1966 to 1995) and bibliographies of identified articles.STUDY SELECTION:Studies, review articles, and editorials addressing controversial issues related to cholesterol lowering.DATA EXTRACTION:Pertinent information was selected and the data synthesized into a review format.DATA SYNTHESIS:Hypercholesterolemia is a well-known CHD risk factor. Reduction of serum cholesterol concentrations has been shown to reduce the incidence of CHD. Unfortunately, cholesterol lowering also appears to increase the risk for cancer, accidental and violent death, stroke, and oddly enough, CHD when certain medications are used.CONCLUSIONS:Significant reductions in serum cholesterol concentrations can be achieved with cholesterol-lowering interventions. However, the benefits associated with ch...
Successful treatment of atelectasis with Dornase alpha in a patient with congenital muscular dystrophy

Abstract A 28-year-old neuromuscular patient chronically treated with nocturnal noninvasive ventilation developed pulmonary lobar atelectasis and daytime hypoxemia. Twenty four-hour 5 L/min oxygen was begun, while mechanical cough assist aids were applied for seven days. In the following three days, treatment with nebulized Dornase alpha (rhDNase) b.i.d. was tested, without any significant improvement. On 11 and 13th days rhDNase was instilled by flexible bronchoscopy. A rapid resolution of the atelectasis was observed with relief of hypoxemia, without significant side effects. On day 16 the patient was discharged without oxygen requirements. In non-intubated neuromuscular patients with atelectasis who do not respond successfully to non-invasive treatments intrabronchial instillation of rhDNase may safely help to improve airway clearance.
The decline of takeovers and disciplinary managerial turnover

Abstract We compare top management turnover in unacquired U.S. industrial companies during an active takeover market (1984–1988) and a less active takeover market (1989–1993). For firms in the lowest quartile of performance (measured by operating income scaled by assets). 33% experience complete turnover of the president, CEO, and board chair during the active takeover period and only 17% experience complete turnover during the less active period. Controlling for various determinants of management turnover, we provide evidence that turnover and performance are related only in the active takeover period, and conclude that takeover activity affects the intensity of managerial discipline.
Single-Particle Cryo-EM and 3D Reconstruction of Hybrid Nanoparticles with Electron-Dense Components

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), accompanied with 3D reconstruction, is a broadly applicable tool for the structural characterization of macromolecules and nanoparticles. Recently, the cryo-EM field has pushed the limits of this technique to higher resolutions and samples of smaller molecular mass, however, some samples still present hurdles to this technique. Hybrid particles with electron-dense components, which have been studied using single-particle cryo-EM yet with limited success in 3D reconstruction due to the interference caused by electron-dense elements, constitute one group of such challenging samples. To process such hybrid particles, a masking method is developed in this work to adaptively remove pixels arising from electron-dense portions in individual projection images while maintaining maximal biomass signals for subsequent 2D alignment, 3D reconstruction, and iterative refinements. As demonstrated by the success in 3D reconstruction of an octahedron DNA/gold hybrid particle, which has been previously published without a 3D reconstruction, the devised strategy that combines adaptive masking and standard single-particle 3D reconstruction approach has overcome the hurdle of electron-dense elements interference, and is generally applicable to cryo-EM structural characterization of most, if not all, hybrid nanomaterials with electron-dense components.
Multilevel local anesthetic nerve blockade for the treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome

Objective Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome is a major cause of dyspareunia. This pilot study was designed to evaluate a novel treatment approach. Study Design This is a prospective study of 27 women with vulvar vestibulitis. The protocol included 5 treatment sessions with caudal epidural, pudendal nerve block, and vestibular infiltration of local anesthetic agents. Results There were significant improvements in vestibular pain as determined by the vulvalgesiometer, McGill pain questionnaire, self-report, and the Female Sexual Functioning Inventory. Conclusion Serial multilevel nerve blocks administered for the treatment of vulvar vestibulitis is a conceptually neurophysiologically based modality that may be effective and merits a placebo-controlled study.
Caveolae-associated proteins in cardiomyocytes: caveolin-2 expression and interactions with caveolin-3.

Caveolin-3 the muscle-specific caveolin isoform, acts like the more ubiquitously expressed caveolin-1 to sculpt caveolae, specialized membrane microdomains that serve as platforms to organize signa...
Computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the computer engineering curriculum is offered by the large, research-oriented Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The curriculum features a strong foundation in electrical engineering, an appropriate balance of computer hardware and software topics, a sequence of increasingly sophisticated design experiences, and a wide variety of electives. During the 20 years of its existence, the curriculum has undergone numerous minor changes, and further continual improvements are expected. >
Retrospective analysis of the effects of steroid therapy and antidiabetic medication on survival in diabetic glioblastoma patients.

SUMMARY Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) affects 10% of the population, but little is known about how DM2 and antidiabetic medication impact glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Patients & methods: We retrospectively reviewed GBM patients with DM2 seen at a single institution from 1998 to 2010. Results: Of 988 GBMs, 124 (12.6%) were affected by DM2. Thirty-four developed DM2 after steroid use and 89 had pre-existing DM2. Median overall survival among diabetic GBMs was 10 months compared with 13 months among nondiabetics. Only 15% of diabetic patients achieved sustained steroid taper. Sixty-seven (54%) were managed with a single antidiabetic medication and, within this monotherapy group, Karnofsky Performance Score, resection status, steroid dependency and metformin use were the most important predictors of survival on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM2 among GBMs is similar to that of the general population. A more aggressive approach to steroid tapering and the choice of antidiabetic dr...
Operations of the LEDA resonantly coupled RFQ

The LEDA RFQ is a 350-MHz continuous-wave (CW) radio-frequency quadrupole linac. LEDA is the low energy demonstration accelerator, a full power front-end prototype for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) linac. This machine has accelerated a 100-mA CW proton beam from 75 keV to 6.7 MeV. The 8-m-long RFQ accepts a dc, 75-keV, /spl sim/110-mA H/sup +/ beam from the LEDA injector, bunches the beam, and accelerates it to full energy with /spl sim/94% transmission. The output beam power is 670 kW. This RFQ consists of four 2-meter-long RFQs joined with resonant coupling to form an 8-meter-long RFQ. The resonant coupling improves the stability of both the longitudinal and transverse RF-field distribution in this long RFQ.
Students teaching students: learning through doing, being, and becoming.

This paper describes a creative teaching strategy that may be used by occupational therapy educators. The strategy is illustrated through the learning experience of five occupational therapy students in Pi Theta Epsilon (PTE) who participated in a project which involved teaching first year occupational therapy students. With guidance from their faculty advisor, the students developed a lecture on Occupational Science and designed a pre and posttest instrument to measure the first year student's learning as well as their own performance and learning. Qualitative data from the five PTE students provided insight into their teaching experience. This project afforded an opportunity for the five students to apply and strengthen their problem-solving, interpersonal, and leadership skills, and teamwork. The doing aspect of preparing a lecture required various skills and knowledge that will benefit the students as future practitioners. The actual teaching of others allowed the students to experience being in the r...
Outcome after unilateral hypogastric artery occlusion during endovascular aneurysm repair

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term functional outcome after unilateral hypogastric artery occlusion during endovascular stent graft repair of aortoiliac aneurysms. Methods: During a 41-month period, 157 consecutive patients underwent elective endovascular stent graft repair of aortoiliac aneurysms with the Medtronic AneuRx device. Postoperative computed tomography scans were compared with preoperative scans to identify new hypogastric artery occlusions. Twenty-three (15%) patients had unilateral hypogastric occlusion, and there were no cases of bilateral occlusions. Telephone interviews about past and current levels of activity and symptoms were conducted, and pertinent medical records were reviewed. All 23 (100%) patients were available for the telephone interview. A disability score (DS) was quantitatively graded on a discrete scale ranging from 0 to 10 corresponding to "virtually bed-bound" to "greater-than-a-mile" exercise tolerance. Worsening or improvement of symptoms was expressed as a difference in DS between two time points (–, worsening/+, improving). Results: Among the 23 patients, two groups were identified: 10 patients (43%) had planned and 13 patients (57%) had unplanned or inadvertent occlusions. The patients in the two groups did not differ significantly in the mean age (73.4 vs 73.7 years), sex (male:female, 9:1 vs 10:3), and duration of follow-up (15.6 vs 14.4 months). Nine (39%) of the 23 patients, five patients in the planned and four patients in the unplanned group, reported significant symptoms of hip and buttock claudication ipsilateral to their occluded hypogastric arteries. The mean decrement from baseline of these nine patients in their DS postoperatively was –3.3. The symptoms were universally noted on postoperative day 1. Although most patients improved (89%), one (11%) never got better. Among those whose symptoms improved, the mean time to improvement was 15 weeks, but with a plateau thereafter resulting in a net decrement of DS of –2.3 from baseline. Finally, when questioned whether they would undergo the procedure again, all 23 patients unanimously answered, "Yes." Conclusions: A significant number (39%) of patients who sustain hypogastric artery occlusion after endovascular aneurysm repair have symptoms. Although most patients with symptoms have some improvement, none return to their baseline level of activity. Despite this, all patients in retrospect would again choose endovascular repair over conventional open repair. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:921-6.)
Emotion Socialization in the Context of Risk and Psychopathology: Maternal Emotion Coaching Predicts Better Treatment Outcomes for Emotionally Labile Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

We examined whether maternal emotion coaching at pre-treatment predicted children's treatment response following a 12-week program addressing children's Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms. Eighty-nine mother-child dyads participated. At pre-treatment, mothers and children engaged in an emotion talk task. Mothers also reported their beliefs about emotions at pre-treatment and their child's disruptive behavior symptoms, emotion regulation, and emotion lability/negativity at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Clinicians reported children's symptom severity at pre- and post-treatment. Children's emotion lability/negativity moderated effects of maternal emotion coaching on children's post-treatment ODD symptoms, with stronger benefits of emotion coaching for children high in emotion lability/negativity. Results suggest that emotion coaching may promote treatment response for children with ODD who are especially at risk due to their emotionality.
Control of a moving oscillator on an elastic continuum using smart dampers

This paper considers the use of active and semiactive control techniques to reduce the dynamic response of an elastic continuum that is excited by a moving oscillator. This system is often referred as the "moving-oscillator" problem. A series expansion is used to model the continuum, resulting in a time-varying, linear model describing the dynamics of the coupled system. The control devices are assumed to be ideal (neglecting actuator dynamics), and are placed in parallel with spring and dashpot elements that represent the suspension of the oscillator. Three different control designs are applied and compared in terms of their ability to reduce the dynamic response of the continuum and the oscillator: active, passive and semiactive. An LQG control algorithm that uses accelerations of the continuum for feedback is used to calculate the optimal gains (in the active case) and the velocities at every point (for the semiactive case). The results indicate that the system responses with the semiactive controller approach those of the active system, while the semiactive device uses significantly less power. Both cases outperform the passive control system.
Approved Uses of Dabigatran Etexilate as an Anticoagulant

Objective: To review, analyze, and critique dabigatran etexilate's approved uses as an anticoagulant. Data Sources: Literature searches were performed via MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar through February 2011, using the term dabigatran. Additional data were obtained from tertiary sources and prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All published Phase 3 anticoagulation trials investigating dabigatran for currently approved indications were selected. Information from other anticoagulation trials investigating dabigatran was used for critiquing Phase 3 studies. Data Synthesis: Dabigatran etexilate has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials as an alternative to enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in total hip and knee replacement surgeries. It has also been evaluated as an alternative to warfarin in stroke and systemic embolism prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Results have generally been positive, with few exceptions. The standard adult dose of dabigatran 150 mg twice daily, approved for use in the US for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, was found to be superior to warfarin in regard to occurrence rates of stroke or systemic embolism and hemorrhagic stroke. The occurrence rates of intracranial bleeding, life-threatening bleeding, and major or minor bleeding were lower with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily than with warfarin; however, the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher. Conclusions: With its numerous benefits, and despite its drawbacks, dabigatran remains a promising option for oral anticoagulation therapy.
Population-Based Outcomes Following Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in American men and accounts for greater than 200,000 new cancer cases each year in the United States [1]. Although prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death, survival is favorable for most men. Currently, a number of different effective treatment modalities are used to manage prostate cancer, including surgery, external radiation therapy, interstitial radiation therapy, and ablative therapy such as cryotherapy. Outcomes following treatment vary according to disease factors (e.g., Gleason grade, pretreatment PSA levels, and disease stage) as well as treatment modality; however, most cancers are cured or controlled with local therapy. Other outcomes, such as functional outcomes, vary more substantially. Because survival is typically favorable regardless of therapy, greater focus has been placed on treatment-related morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Several population-based studies have been used to assess these outcomes and arguably provide more accurate, real-world estimates of outcomes experienced by most patients when compared to results reported in single-surgeon or institutional case series. As a result, these population-based studies are applicable to the majority of patients treated for clinically localized prostate cancer because of the heterogeneity and community-based nature of the pooled population. This chapter will focus on several studies from three of the largest and most commonly used data sources: the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (and SEER-Medicare), the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (PCOS), and the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database.
Identification of Wnt Pathway Target Genes Regulating the Division and Differentiation of Larval Seam Cells and Vulval Precursor Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans

The evolutionarily conserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a fundamental role during metazoan development, regulating numerous processes including cell fate specification, cell migration, and stem cell renewal. Wnt ligand binding leads to stabilization of the transcriptional effector β-catenin and upregulation of target gene expression to mediate a cellular response. During larval development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Wnt/β-catenin pathways act in fate specification of two hypodermal cell types, the ventral vulval precursor cells (VPCs) and the lateral seam cells. Because little is known about targets of the Wnt signaling pathways acting during larval VPC and seam cell differentiation, we sought to identify genes regulated by Wnt signaling in these two hypodermal cell types. We conditionally activated Wnt signaling in larval animals and performed cell type–specific "mRNA tagging" to enrich for VPC and seam cell–specific mRNAs, and then used microarray analysis to examine gene expression compared to control animals. Two hundred thirty-nine genes activated in response to Wnt signaling were identified, and we characterized 50 genes further. The majority of these genes are expressed in seam and/or vulval lineages during normal development, and reduction of function for nine genes caused defects in the proper division, fate specification, fate execution, or differentiation of seam cells and vulval cells. Therefore, the combination of these techniques was successful at identifying potential cell type–specific Wnt pathway target genes from a small number of cells and at increasing our knowledge of the specification and behavior of these C. elegans larval hypodermal cells.
Spontaneous Tumor Cell Killing by Human Blood Monocytes and Human Peritoneal Macrophages: Lack of Alteration by Endotoxin or Quenchers of Reactive Oxygen Species

Human mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) act as effectors in the destruction of tumor cells. Peritoneal macrophages from normal or infertile women killed a variety of tumor cells in vitro more efficiently than did blood monocytes from the same subjects. Lysis depended on the effector-to-target cell ratio and was neither reproduced by supernatants from nor lysates of the mononuclear phagocytes. Normal fibroblasts were not lysed. Lipopolysaccharide (10(1)-10(4) ng/ml) did not alter the monocyte- or macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing. The monocytes and macrophages had equivalent basal and phorbol 12,13-myristate acetate-stimulated H2O2 and O-2 production, and the reactive oxygen species scavengers or quenchers catalase, superoxide dismutase, mannitol, and L-histidine did not diminish the killing. These observations suggest that the spontaneous tumor cell killing by human mononuclear phagocytes was not mediated by reactive oxygen species.
Delayed repeated enema and operative findings after unsuccessful primary enema for intussusception.

Introduction The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the role for and the potential morbidity associated with delayed repeated enema (DRE) and (2) to compare surgical findings for patients undergoing operative exploration after failed primary enema and DRE reduction attempts for intussusception. Methods After obtaining approval from the Internal Review Board, we completed a retrospective review of all patients treated for intussusception at a large, tertiary care pediatric hospital. We evaluated the success of primary reduction enema, DRE, and compared surgical findings after failed enema reduction. Results A total of 135 intussusceptions underwent an attempt at enema reduction following diagnosis. Of these, 83 (61.5%) intussusceptions were reduced with primary enema. Thirty-four patients (25.2%) proceeded directly to surgical exploration after a failed primary enema and 4 more patients were explored after successful reduction due to suspicion for a pathologic lead point. Thirty-four of these operations were therapeutic. In this, four patients had a negative exploration; eight patients required a bowel resection due to necrotic bowel, perforation, or persistence of an irreducible intussusception. Eighteen patients underwent a DRE after a failed primary enema. Two DREs revealed the intussusception had completely reduced before the study, and 11 DREs were successful in reducing persistent intussusceptions. Five patients underwent operative exploration after a failed DRE and were all found to have a persistent intussusception which was successfully reduced intraoperatively. There were no negative laparotomies, pathologic lead points, or instances of necrotic bowel or perforation in patients explored following unsuccessful DRE and no bowel resections were required. Conclusions The use of DRE in select patients with persistence of an intussusception may result in successful subsequent reduction with no apparent increase in morbidity. A DRE may lead to improved outcomes for patients with intussusception through avoidance of unnecessary surgical reductions and negative explorations.
The space between: Mix taping as a ritual of distance

As an affectively charged medium of communication, the mix tape embodies a registry of human longings. In their accounts of exchanging mixes and their reflections on the meanings attached to them, mixers display the gamut of hopes and fears surrounding their relationships. While the mix tape often is represented as a token of unreserved intimacy, the practice of making and exchanging mixes can as easily be understood as a ritual of distance, one that betrays our ambivalence about dialogue and our delight in one-way communication. Based on interviews with donors and recipients of mix tapes and CDs, I will summarize four versions of the mix as a ritual of distance—communion, devotion, display, and fantasy—each building on its predecessor to round out the mix’s relational meaning.
Biology of the leafminer parasitoid Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae)

Studies were conducted on the endoparasitoid Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) to determine its biology when Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a host. Eggs were deposited in host larvae and parasitoid larval development (four instars) started after host pupation. Mean developmental time from egg to adult was 25.9 (SEM ± 1.4) d at 26 ± 1°C. Total mean number of progeny produced was 51.4 (SEM ± 13.8) individuals per female when 20 leafminer larvae were provided daily. The sex ratio was 1:1.39, males/females. Mean adult longevity was not significantly different for males (8.8 d) and females (8.9 d).
Male Elementary General Music Teachers: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this study was to describe the essence of being a male elementary general music teacher (MEGMT). I sought answers for two research questions. First, what are the perceived uniquely m...
Thinking About The Problem of Building Insulation Materials

Insulation materials outside the building through research,analysis of building thermal insulation system and cause fire hazards,proposed building thermal insulation system of supervision and management of proposals and measures.
Interactions Between Western Iran and Mesopotamia From the 9th-4th Millennia B. C.

Throughout prehistory, the cultures of Iran and Western Asia differed in important respects. Many of these differencescan be attributed to the different geographic and environmental conditions in the two regions. Western Iran is largely aheavily divided mountainous region with difficult access whereas Mesopotamia is relatively flat and open to travel andtrade. The early Holocene environment of the Mesopotamian plain was very dynamic and unstable, whereas the majorchanges in the Zagros involved the spread of cereal grasses and trees. These different environments affected the kindsof cultures and settlements that could occur. Other differences stem from the broader regions of interaction in whicheach area was involved. Interactions within Mesopotamia occurred between the north and south, while the Zagros waspart of a northern and eastern sphere of interaction. These differences are reflected in the general absence ofinteraction between the Iran and Western Asia during the long period of prehistory.
Future shock. Lutheran Medical Center builds network for tomorrow's applications.

UNLABELLED Lutheran Medical Center, a 501-bed acute care teaching hospital in Brooklyn, with eight health centers located throughout New York City. PROBLEM Lutheran's current patient care systems did not have enough scalability or bandwidth to support its applications. SOLUTION A networking partner to deliver an infrastructure designed to meet Lutheran's applications' needs. RESULTS An efficient, effective and easy-to-manage network. Routing performance and capacity issues are no longer a problem. KEYS TO SUCCESS "Ask yourself what networking applications your organization will need in 2008 and then upgrade your systems to meet those needs."
Scanning the Network

The web browser attacks of Chapter 2 require the victim to visit a web site controlled by the attacker. In more realistic scenarios, the attacker needs to know some details of the target network before being able to launch attacks that have a reasonable chance of success.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship

Several empirical papers have reported an association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and facets of entrepreneurship. While much research has documented that adults with ADH...
Transient electromagnetic field reconstruction from sets of non-periodic oscillations

Arbitrary transient electric field shapes are generated in free space utilizing a set of transient signals with proper shape, amplitude, and time shift. Akin to wavelets in signal processing, brief, non-periodic oscillations are superimposed at a pre-selected location in space to effect destructive and constructive interference. With a properly chosen signal set, an entirely different frequency or shape is generated. Two methods have been employed to find optimum signal sets, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). While the DWT approach dictates constant time step and rectangular matching between wavelets, PSO is not restricted in this manner, allowing for more flexibility in choosing amplitudes and signal delays.
A multivariate time series forecast model for wind and storage integrated system operation

A multivariate time series wind power forecast model, dynamic factor model (DFM), is proposed to tackle a stochastic dynamic optimal power flow (OPF) problem integrated with wind energy and storage devices in this paper. The uncertainty of wind power forecasting is represented by a set of scenarios generated by the DFM. As opposed to other common methods of generating scenarios, such as Monto Carlo simulation, the DFM considers the spatial correlations among wind farms, which manifests a more accurate and real situation. DFM models the wind power as a multivariate stochastic process, which can be decomposed as the multiplication of fixed polynomial matrices and dynamic shocks. Such dynamic shocks are spatially and temporally uncorrelated white noises which in turn become the impulses to generate forecast scenarios. The stochastic optimization is to minimize the total expected generating cost over all scenarios in one day ahead. Storage devices are installed to compensate for the operation cost and power deficiency. The proposed forecast model is verified in both time and frequency domain, and stochastic optimization model is tested over modified IEEE 30-bus system.
Protein and Enzyme Changes with Brain Development

Recent studies have focused on the biochemical changes occurring in the process of myelination, an important measure of brain maturation. Although documented earlier by light and electron-microscopic techniques that the most pronounced alteration to occur during brain development is in the myelin, not until recently were attempts made to relate these findings to biochemical aspects of the myelin (for review, see Davison and Peters, 1970; Mokrasch, 1971; Norton 1972).
Die Rolle der Verfassung in der Gründungsphase der USA und der lateinamerikanischen Staaten

Hintergrund dieses Essais ist die unterschiedliche Entwicklung der USA einerseits, der lateinamerikanischen Staaten andererseits wahrend des „langen“ 19. Jahrhunderts. Stiegen die USA wahrend dieses Jahrhunderts zu einer wirtschaftlichen und politisch-militarischen Grosmacht auf, so versanken die lateinamerikanischen Nationen nach Erringung ihrer staatsrechtlichen Unabhangigkeit von Spanien zunachst in Burgerkriegswirren, von denen sie sich nur langsam erholten; auch nach ihrer allmahlichen staatlichen Konsolidierung, in der zweiten Jahrhunderthalfte, kamen sie uber den Rang von Machten zweiten Rangs im internationalen Kontext nicht hinaus. Unsere Ausgangshypothese ist eine doppelte: Zum einen, das bestimmte strukturelle Weichenstellungen, wie beispielsweise die Grundungsphase eines Staates, weit uber die betreffende Epoche hinaus eine pragende Wirkung entfalten; wir glauben, mit anderen Worten, das gewisse institutionelle Schwachen der lateinamerikanischen Staaten, die bis heute zu beobachten sind, auf deren Entstehung im fruhen 19. Jahrhundert zuruckzufuhren sind. Die zweite, spezifischere Annahme lautet, einer unter vielen Faktoren, die fur die verzogerte Entwicklung der lateinamerikanischen Staaten verantwortlich sind, sei ihr Verfassungsverstandnis sowie ihr Umgang mit der Verfassung und den Gesetzen.
Crisis Intervention as Brief Psychotherapy

A telephone “hotline” worker takes a call from a depressed teenager contemplating suicide. A social services caseworker follows up on a teacher’s complaint that a father has been abusing his 5-year-old son. An emergency room nurse counsels a rape victim. A police officer calms the disputants in a domestic violence call. A hospital chaplain consoles the grief-stricken wife of a man who just died on the operating table. A psychologist in a child guidance clinic advises the parents of a preschool child who has suddenly begun having nightmares. A psychiatrist evaluates a patient with chronic schizophrenia who has stopped taking his medications, decompensated, and may need to be hospitalized against his will.
Intraneural lipomas: institutional and literature review.

Adipose lesions of nerve can be envisioned as a spectrum ranging from intraneural/extraneural lipomas to lipomatosis of nerve (LN). We have noticed that intraneural lipomas are not as a homogenous group as previously thought and demonstrate differences which have clinical implications. To better understand intraneural lipomas, we conducted a search of cases at our institution and published cases in the world’s literature. Mayo Clinic’s database was searched between years 1994–2018. Published cases were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Following terms were used: intraneural lipoma, lipoma and nerve, lipoma and neuropathy, lipofibroma and nerve, fibrolipoma and nerve and neural lipoma as well as lipofibroma and fibrolipoma alone. Cases that could be clearly identified as intraneural lipomas by the location of the lipoma within the epineurium were included for analysis. These cases were then sub-classified as encapsulated intraneural lipomas or hybrid intraneural lipomas (demonstrating features of both intraneural/extraneural lipomas and LN) based on their characteristics. We identified 12 cases at our institution (8 encapsulated, 4 hybrid) and 24 published cases (21 encapsulated, 3 hybrid). The most commonly affected nerve was median both at our institution and in the published cases. Encapsulated cases were found to be relatively easy to resect. Hybrid cases demonstrated variable degree of interdigitating fat between the fascicles and were relatively difficult to resect. Intraneural lipomas exist as two separate entities with distinct clinical implications. Although rare, this should be taken in account when planning surgery. Terminology should be clarified to prevent ambiguity and confusion.
Medical Students' Experiences and Outcomes Using a Virtual Human Simulation to Improve Communication Skills: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Attending to the wide range of communication behaviors that convey empathy is an important but often underemphasized concept to reduce errors in care, improve patient satisfaction, and improve cancer patient outcomes. A virtual human (VH)–based simulation, MPathic-VR, was developed to train health care providers in empathic communication with patients and in interprofessional settings and evaluated through a randomized controlled trial. Objective: This mixed methods study aimed to investigate the differential effects of a VH-based simulation developed to train health care providers in empathic patient-provider and interprofessional communication. Methods: We employed a mixed methods intervention design, involving a comparison of 2 quantitative measures—MPathic-VR–calculated scores and the objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) scores—with qualitative reflections by medical students about their experiences. This paper is a secondary, focused analysis of intervention arm data from the larger trial. Students at 3 medical schools in the United States (n=206) received simulation to improve empathic communication skills. We conducted analysis of variance, thematic text analysis, and merging mixed methods analysis. Results: OSCE scores were significantly improved for learners in the intervention group (mean 0.806, SD 0.201) compared with the control group (mean 0.752, SD 0.198; F1,414=6.09; P=.01). Qualitative analysis revealed 3 major positive themes for the MPathic-VR group learners: gaining useful communication skills, learning awareness of nonverbal skills in addition to verbal skills, and feeling motivated to learn more about communication. Finally, the results of the mixed methods analysis indicated that most of the variation between high, middle, and lower performers was noted about nonverbal behaviors. Medium and high OSCE scorers most often commented on the importance of nonverbal communication. Themes of motivation to learn about communication were only present in middle and high scorers. Conclusions: VHs are a promising strategy for improving empathic communication in health care. Higher performers seemed most engaged to learn, particularly nonverbal skills.
The Componential Model of Reading (CMR): Implications for Assessment and Instruction of Literacy Problems

Literacy skills—defined as reading, writing, and spelling—are fundamental for academic achievement as well as being a productive citizen in society. However, despite spending trillions of dollars over the decades, literacy skills in the USA have not improved. In this chapter, a model, called the Componential Model of Reading (CMR) is described and how it can help in the assessment and intervention of reading problems. Some of the common assessment and intervention techniques are also outlined to help the teachers and administrators to solve the reading problems at school.
AGA Institute Rapid Review of the Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19.

Background & Aims Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities, have been variably reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This document provides best practice statements and recommendations for consultative management based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and preprint servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5, 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19, 2020. We pooled the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver function tests abnormalities, using a fixed-effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework. Results We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms were as follows: diarrhea 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%–8.2%), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%–8.5%), and abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%–3.4%). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence estimates of elevated liver abnormalities were as follows: aspartate transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%–16.5%) and alanine transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%–16.4%). When we compared studies from China to studies from other countries in subgroup analyses, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China, with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (95% CI, 16.6%–20.1%). Isolated GI symptoms were reported rarely. We also summarized the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID-19. Conclusions GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in
Moral Values Reveal the Causality Implicit in Verb Meaning

Prior work has found that moral values that build and bind groups-that is, the binding values of ingroup loyalty, respect for authority, and preservation of purity-are linked to blaming people who have been harmed. The present research investigated whether people's endorsement of binding values predicts their assignment of the causal locus of harmful events to the victims of the events. We used an implicit causality task from psycholinguistics in which participants read a sentence in the form "SUBJECT verbed OBJECT because…" where male and female proper names occupy the SUBJECT and OBJECT position. The participants were asked to predict the pronoun that follows "because"-the referent to the subject or object-which indicates their intuition about the likely cause of the event. We also collected explicit judgments of causal contributions and measured participants' moral values to investigate the relationship between moral values and the causal interpretation of events. Using two verb sets and two independent replications (N = 459, 249, 788), we found that greater endorsement of binding values was associated with a higher likelihood of selecting the object as the cause for harmful events in the implicit causality task, a result consistent with, and supportive of, previous moral psychological work on victim blaming. Endorsement of binding values also predicted explicit causal attributions to victims. Overall, these findings indicate that moral values that support the group rather than the individual reliably predict that people shift the causal locus of harmful events to those affected by the harms.