cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Culturally Tailored Internet-Delivered Intervention to Promote Blood Donation in Blacks

Introduction. A pilot test of a computer-tailored intervention designed to promote blood donation among Blacks was conducted. Method. Intervention content, based on the transtheoretical model, offered participants individually and culturally tailored information on blood donation with emphasis on need specific to race (e.g., sickle-cell disease). Black adults (N = 150) with a diversity of blood donation experience were recruited from a blood center and a survey recruitment website. Posttest assessment included a 14-item evaluation and transtheoretical model questions. Results. Participants rated the program positively (81.3% to 98.7% of participants agreeing or strongly agreeing with evaluation items). For example, 98.7% of respondents reported that the program gave sound advice and that personal feedback was easily understood, and 87.3% felt the program was designed for people like themselves. Ninety-five percent of participants reported that they would recommend the program to others. There were no sign...
Influence of Dietary Fat on Economic Returns of Commercial Leghorns

SUMMARY Thebeneficialeffectofdietaryfatandproteinonimprovingeggweight(EW)iswell-documented. However, many egg producers do not supplement fat in commercial hen diets because of inadequate storing and mixing facilities. To improve egg size without using fat, higher protein levels are fed. However, dietary protein has a greater heat increment than fat that could adversely affect hen performance during summer. The maximum dietary protein level that can be economically fed with no added fat without having an adverse effect on hen performance during summer or heat stress is not known. A study was conducted under summer conditions to determine the maximum dietary protein level that could be economically fed without using fat and if money is lost by not using dietary fat during summer. Supplementing fat increased EW and BW of hens in the study. Increasing dietary protein had a positive linear effect on EW. Neither fat nor protein had an effect on egg production, egg mass, or egg specific gravity. Fat increased FC and feed efficiency at the two higher protein levels (19.8 and 18.7%) but not at the lower level (17.4%). Economics of using fat indicated that egg producers feeding diets without fat are losing approximately 1.4 to 3.1 cents per dozen eggs depending upon fat cost and the spread in price between medium and large eggs.
Enrollment in Outpatient Care Among Newly Released Prison Inmates with HIV Infection

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the U.S. prison population is estimated to be more than three times that of the general population.1–3 For many HIV-infected inmates, incarceration provides opportunities for treatment, counseling, and education that were not available to them in the community.4,5 A substantial number of these individuals initiate HIV-related care for the first time during their incarceration and demonstrate high levels of adherence to their treatment regimens.6,7 Several studies have found that the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the correctional setting is associated with highly positive immunologic and virologic outcomes.8,9 As an example, Springer et al. found that nearly 60% of 1,866 Connecticut prisoners who received ART had achieved an undetectable viral load by the end of their incarceration period.8 Preliminary evidence suggests that the benefits of receiving ART during incarceration are generally not sustained after release into the community. In two studies of state prisoners who received ART while incarcerated, release from prison was associated with deleterious changes in both HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels and CD4 lymphocyte counts.8,9 The investigators were unable to establish whether these post-release outcomes were a result of suboptimal medication adherence vs. complete discontinuation of ART; however, a study of more than 2,000 inmates treated with ART while incarcerated found that only 30% filled an initial prescription for ART medications within 60 days of their release.10 Still, little information is available about the extent to which released inmates initiate community-based HIV-related outpatient care or the specific factors associated with successful linkage to such clinical care.11 Most of the available literature is limited primarily to descriptions of the components of continuity-of-care programs for soon-to-be-released HIV-positive inmates.12–14 To address this research deficit, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,750 HIV-infected inmates released from the Texas prison system between 2004 and 2007. Our objectives were to determine the proportion of released inmates who enrolled in a community-based HIV outpatient clinic during the first 90 days after release and to identify variables associated with utilization of HIV-related care.
Very long-term memories may be stored in the pattern of holes in the perineuronal net

A hypothesis and the experiments to test it propose that very long-term memories, such as fear conditioning, are stored as the pattern of holes in the perineuronal net (PNN), a specialized ECM that envelops mature neurons and restricts synapse formation. The 3D intertwining of PNN and synapses would be imaged by serial-section EM. Lifetimes of PNN vs. intrasynaptic components would be compared with pulse-chase (15)N labeling in mice and (14)C content in human cadaver brains. Genetically encoded indicators and antineoepitope antibodies should improve spatial and temporal resolution of the in vivo activity of proteases that locally erode PNN. Further techniques suggested include genetic KOs, better pharmacological inhibitors, and a genetically encoded snapshot reporter, which will capture the pattern of activity throughout a large ensemble of neurons at a time precisely defined by the triggering illumination, drive expression of effector genes to mark those cells, and allow selective excitation, inhibition, or ablation to test their functional importance. The snapshot reporter should enable more precise inhibition or potentiation of PNN erosion to compare with behavioral consequences. Finally, biosynthesis of PNN components and proteases would be imaged.
Alleviation of tree saturation in multistage interconnection networks

This paper presents an examination of two distinct but complementary extensions of previous work on hot spot contention in multistage interconnection networks. The first extension focuses on the use of larger queues at the memory modules than are studied. The second extension explores a simple feedback damping scheme, which we refer to as bleeding, which allows selected processors to ignore feedback information. The impact of memory queue size, feedback thres­ hold value, and bleeding on system performance (specifically maximum bandwidth per processor) is evaluated by analyzing the results of extensive network simulations. These results indicate that combining these approaches can significantly improve the effective bandwidth of a multistage interconnection network.
Influence of hypoxia and neoangiogenesis on the growth of pancreatic cancer

As with other solid tumors, the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer is critically dependent on tumor angiogenesis. A major stimulus for a tumor's recruitment of additional blood vessels is cellular hypoxia, a condition which is especially pronounced in this neoplasm. Hypoxia induces transcriptional activation of genes that alter cellular metabolism and promote neoangiogenesis. Pancreatic cancer cells have demonstrated activation of such adaptive pathways even in the absence of hypoxia. A highly-angiogenic response in this neoplasm correlates with increased tumor growth, increased metastasis, and decreased survival. Pancreatic cancers expressing high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent pro-angiogenic cytokine, also have a higher incidence of metastasis and poorer prognosis. Pancreatic cancer cells uniquely express receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor, indicating a role for an autocrine loop in tumor proliferation and invasion. Multiple experimental anti-angiogenic strategies, many of which target vascular endothelial growth factor, reduce pancreatic cancer growth, spread, and angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic treatments for pancreatic cancer will likely be most effective when used as an integral part of a combination chemotherapeutic regimen.
A useful multi-objective optimization design method for PM motors considering nonlinear material properties

A fast and efficient multi-objective optimization design method is developed for the Surface Mount Permanent Magnet (SMPM) class of electric machines. An analytical design model of the SMPM machines with considerations of the steel's nonlinear property is developed and in this analytical model the number of variables to be optimized is reduced to only three. A canonical Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method with penalty function for the designs having magnetic saturation is developed to find the optimal solution for a user defined objective function. After several trial solutions with the PSO, the optimal regions for both the design variables and the performance indexes can be estimated. The results will provide useful information for both the drive system designer and the machine designer at an early stage of the design process.
Carbon Nanofibers as a Novel Catalyst Support

Catalytically grown carbon nanofibers have been prepared by the thermal decomposition of carbon containing gases over copper-nickel and iron surfaces. This material is found to be highly graphitic in nature when prepared from certain catalysts and gaseous reactants. In the as-grown state, carbon nanofibers have surface areas in the range 200 to 300 m 2 /g, and by following careful activation procedures this value can readily be increased to ˜700 m 2 /g. Electrical measurements indicate that the material has a conductivity approaching that of single crystal graphite. This material combines the attributes of active carbon and graphite and in addition, the physical form of carbon nanofibers offers some interesting opportunities for the design of unique catalyst systems.
Research Design and Methodology

In this chapter we discuss the design and methodology required to identify and analyze patterns of offending across the most crime-prone years. The benefits of such procedures will be highlighted and compared to the procedures followed in prior research. Following this, we present the technique of investigation adopted in this study and its advantages and limitations will be fully noted and elaborated.
Venus: Scalable Real-Time Spatial Queries on Microblogs with Adaptive Load Shedding

Microblogging services have become among the most popular services on the web in the last few years. This led to significant increase in data size, speed, and applications. This paper presents Venus ; a system that supports real-time spatial queries on microblogs. Venus supports its queries on a spatial boundary $R$ and a temporal boundary $T$ , from which only the top- $k$ microblogs are returned in the query answer based on a spatio-temporal ranking function. Supporting such queries requires Venus to digest hundreds of millions of real-time microblogs in main-memory with high rates, yet, it provides low query responses and efficient memory utilization. To this end, Venus employs: (1) an efficient in-memory spatio-temporal index that digests high rates of incoming microblogs in real time, (2) a scalable query processor that prune the search space, $R$ and $T$ , effectively to provide low query latency on millions of items in real time, and (3) a group of memory optimization techniques that provide system administrators with different options to save significant memory resources while keeping the query accuracy almost perfect. Venus memory optimization techniques make use of the local arrival rates of microblogs to smartly shed microblogs that are old enough not to contribute to any query answer. In addition, Venus can adaptively, in real time, adjust its load shedding based on both the spatial distribution and the parameters of incoming query loads. All Venus components can accommodate different spatial and temporal ranking functions that are able to capture the importance of each dimension differently depending on the applications requirements. Extensive experimental results based on real Twitter data and actual locations of Bing search queries show that Venus supports high arrival rates of up to 64 K microblogs/second and average query latency of 4 msec.
Why There are On-the-Run/Off-the-Run Phenomena

This paper offers an alternative explanation for the on-the-run/off-the-run phenomena in T-securities, namely, the concentration of trade in recent issues, cost-of-trading differential and price differential between recent issue and earlier – issued bonds. We claim that optimizing the cost-of-trading and economizing on the trading cost are at the heart of the phenomena. Two distinct groups of market participants trade in T-securities: long-term buy-and-hold investors and market-makers/hedgers; the bulk of trades are initiated by hedgers, who trade in T-notes for reasons exogenous to the T-securities market and who hold positions for short period of time. To minimize their trading costs, hedgers concentrate all their trades in one security out of many available; that security can be selected by fiat ( as in Japan in 1980s’), or by overt convention or by tacit understanding. Concentration of trades drives the cost of trading in that security down, and (via equilibrium considerations) causes valuation differences between new and old issues. The valuation difference brings in arbitrage opportunities and ultimately causes the emergence of "specialness". Our insight allows a parsimonious explanation of on-the-run/off-the-run yield premium, the concentration of trades in few securities and emerges of “specialness” among the on-the-run securities mainly. We also show that the OTR arrangement is societaly – optimal by minimizing the trading costs in the economy.
The Enigma of Rapamycin Dosage

The mTOR pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been observed in most cancers and, thus, the mTOR pathway has been extensively studied for therapeutic intervention. Rapamycin is a natural product that inhibits mTOR with high specificity. However, its efficacy varies by dose in several contexts. First, different doses of rapamycin are needed to suppress mTOR in different cell lines; second, different doses of rapamycin are needed to suppress the phosphorylation of different mTOR substrates; and third, there is a differential sensitivity of the two mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 to rapamycin. Intriguingly, the enigmatic properties of rapamycin dosage can be explained in large part by the competition between rapamycin and phosphatidic acid (PA) for mTOR. Rapamycin and PA have opposite effects on mTOR whereby rapamycin destabilizes and PA stabilizes both mTOR complexes. In this review, we discuss the properties of rapamycin dosage in the context of anticancer therapeutics.
When an Appointment Vests

The most important question in the most famous constitutional law case has been largely ignored, obscuring the political machinations that generated the case. This article recounts the actual events that precipitated Marbury v. Madison and also explains when an appointment vests. Thomas Jefferson famously refused to deliver a commission to William J. Marbury, supposedly on the grounds that Marbury had not been appointed a justice of the peace precisely because he never had received a commission. In fact, Jefferson’s delivery argument was a post-hoc rationalization, having nothing to do with his actual actions in March of 1801. Adams’s midnight appointments outraged Jefferson, leading the new President to treat all of the justice of the peace appointments as nullities, even those who had received a commission. In other words, the failure to deliver commissions mattered not a whit to Jefferson. This article also addresses whether William J. Marbury and the others who never received their commissions were nonetheless appointed, considering five theories of when an appointment vests: when the Senate consents; after consent but before commissioning; when commissioning occurs; with the delivery of a commission; and with acceptance of the office. In the course of laying out these theories, the article discloses the surprising fact that prior to becoming President, Jefferson endorsed the second theory, namely that appointments vest before the act of commissioning. The article also reveals that, well before Marbury v. Madison, the Adams Administration also concluded that appointments could vest prior to any commission being issued or delivered. Notwithstanding this surprising agreement between Secretary of State Jefferson and President John Adams, the article contends that none of the five theories is correct because each reads the Constitution as enshrining a single answer regarding when an appointment vests. There is no single answer. Rather an appointment vests whenever the President determines that it shall be complete. The Constitution grants power to the President to appoint, never precisely specifying when or how an appointment vests. By not specifying when or how appointment is made, the Constitution leaves it to the President to decide the manner in which he makes the appointment. This conclusion derives from a general principle of constitutional law: When the Constitution grants power to an entity but does not specify the precise means by which it will be exercised, the possessor of that power may decide the means of exercising it. Based on this principle and a copy of a commission granted to another justice of the peace on March 3, 1801, it is almost certain that John Adams had appointed William J. Marbury on that day. If we assume that all the justice of the peace commissions made out that day were identical (save for the name of the appointee), Adams appointed Marbury prior to leaving office because the text of Marbury’s commission would have indicated that Adams had appointed him.
Large thrombus formation in the right atrium at the tip of an indwelling dialysis catheter and successful removal by the open heart surgery-Report of 2 cases

留置型血液透析カテーテル (パームキャス®: 以下留置型カテーテル) 先端周囲の右房内に血栓を形成し, 開心術で除去した2例を報告する. 症例1: 66歳, 女性. 慢性糸球体腎炎 (CGN) による慢性腎不全 (ESRD) のため64歳時血液透析 (HD) 導入. アクセス困難から留置型カテーテルを使用したが, 約1か月後に左下腿蜂窩織炎からメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌 (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, MRSA) 菌血症となり留置型カテーテル先端で右房内血栓を形成した. 肺梗塞も合併していたため, 速やかに開胸し留置型カテーテルおよび血栓除去術施行. 術後経過は良好で約1か月後に連続携行式腹膜透析 (CAPD) へ移行した. 症例2: 58歳, 女性. CGNによるESRDのため3年前にHD導入. アクセス困難から留置型カテーテルを使用したが, 脱血不可能となり神経性食思不振症に対する中心静脈栄養ラインとして使用していた. 約10か月後に偶然の経胸壁心エコー検査で, 右房内巨大血栓があり右室に落ち込む所見も認めた. 開胸し留置型カテーテルと血栓を除去した. 症例1は悪性リンパ腫深部静脈血栓症, 副腎不全のためステロイド剤内服などが, 症例2では摂食障害のため慢性的に脱水状態であったことが, 発症と増悪の危険因子と考えられた. 2例とも予後は良好であった. 結語: 留置型カテーテル先端に血栓を形成した2症例を経験した. 経食道または経胸壁の心エコー図で確定診断し, 開心術による除去が奏功した. まれな合併症であるが, 留置型カテーテル使用困難が認められた時には鑑別するべき重要な合併症である.
Naming and grouping arboviruses: publication of a catalogue

(1968). Naming and grouping arboviruses: publication of a catalogue. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 135-137.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Hierarchical Systems

Nonlinear optical processes provide many of the functions needed for Photonics Technology. Molecular materials are hierarchical systems in which the structure can be controlled from the angstrom level to macroscopic scale to optimize the nonlinear optical properties. In this article basic concepts of nonlinear optics and photonics are reviewed. Multifunctional molecular hierarchical systems are discussed which involves heterostructure design at molecular and bulk levels. For optimization of nonlinear response at the molecular level, guidance from theoretical modeling and study of sequentially built and systematically derivatized structures has proven to be useful. The use of Langmuir-Blodgett film approach to control the order and conformation with monolayer resolution is discussed. Examples of our approach to optimize the response at the bulk level involve the use of orientation control by electric field poling and use of composite heterostructures. An important advancement in heterostructure design is the use of sol-gel processing to make organic-inorganic composites which have successfully exhibited electro-optic modulation and femtosecond Kerr gate operations. Finally, novel photorefractive molecular materials are discussed.
A Soviet turning point

The Soviet leadership has confirmed visible evidence of growing social and economic troubles. The Communist Party now faces a historic opportunity to meet the crisis with political as well as economic reforms.
A review of high-temperature particle receivers for concentrating solar power

Abstract High-temperature particle receivers can increase the operating temperature of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, improving solar-to-electric efficiency and lowering costs. Unlike conventional receivers that employ fluid flowing through tubular receivers, falling particle receivers use solid particles that are heated directly as they fall through a beam of concentrated sunlight, with particle temperatures capable of reaching 1000 °C and higher. Once heated, the hot particles may be stored and used to generate electricity in a power cycle or to create process heat. Because the solar energy is directly absorbed by the particles, the flux and temperature limitations associated with tubular central receivers are mitigated, allowing for greater concentration ratios and thermal efficiencies. Alternative particle receiver designs include free-falling, obstructed flow, centrifugal, flow in tubes with or without fluidization, multi-pass recirculation, north- or south-facing, and face-down configurations. This paper provides a review of these alternative designs, along with benefits, technical challenges, and costs.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Lessons Learned, Future Possibilities

Survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has dramatically improved over the past 20 years, primarily because physicians have become adept at using the many regimens approved for this patient population. Future advances may come from understanding molecular subtypes, finding and treating new actionable mutations, and harnessing the immune system.
Serum levels of interferon-α and-γ in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection

To evaluate the potential implication ofin vivo interferon production in the pathogenesis of different forms of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection, serum levels of interferon-α and-γ were measured using immunoassay techniques in 20 patients with acute hepatitis B who subsequently cleared the virus (group Ia), 8 patients with acute hepatitis B who became HBsAg carriers (group Ib), 55 patients with chronic hepatitis B (group II), and 15 healthy controls. None of the controls had interferon-α or-γ detectable in serum, while 15% and 100% of group Ia patients, 25% and 100% of group Ib patients, and 22% and 15% of group II patients, had raised serum levels of interferon-α and-γ, respectively. Serum interferon-γ was detected significantly more frequently in group Ia and Ib patients than in controls and in group II patients. Among patients with acute hepatitis B, serum levels of interferon-α and-γ showed no significant difference between group Ia and group Ib patients. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, interferon-α was detected significantly more frequently in patients with serum HBV-DNA (31.4% or 11/35) than in those without (5% or 1/20), whereas interferon-γ was detected significantly more frequently in patients with chronic active hepatitis (28% or 7/25) than in those with chronic persistent hepatitis (3.3% or 1/30). In conclusion, in acute hepatitis B, serum levels of interferon-α and-γ did not show a significant difference between patients who subsequently cleared the virus and those who became HBsAg carriers. In chronic hepatitis B, the raised serum levels of interferon-α correlated with the presence of viral replication, while the raised serum levels of interferon-γ correlated with the presence of histological evidence of active hepatitis.
Zoledronate treatment has different effects in mouse strains with contrasting baseline bone mechanical phenotypes

Two strains of mice with distinct bone morphologies and mechanical properties were treated with zoledronate. Our results show a different response to drug treatment in the two strains providing evidence that baseline properties of structure/material may influence response to zoledronate. Bisphosphonates are highly effective in reducing fracture risk, yet some individuals treated with these agents still experience fracture. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that genotype influences the effect of zoledronate on bone mechanical properties. Skeletally mature male mice from genetic backgrounds known to have distinct baseline post-yield properties (C57/B6, high post-yield displacement; A/J, low post-yield displacement) were treated for 8 weeks with saline (VEH) or zoledronate (ZOL, 0.06 mg/kg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks) in a 2 × 2 study design. Ex vivo μCT and mechanical testing (4-pt bending) were conducted on the femur to assess morphological and mechanical differences. Significant drug and/or genotype effects were found for several mechanical properties and significant drug × genotype interactions were found for measures of strength (ultimate force) and brittleness (total displacement, strain to failure). Treatment with ZOL affected bone biomechanical measures of brittleness (total displacement (−25 %) and strain to failure (−23 %)) in B6 mice significantly differently than in A/J mice. This was driven by unique drug × genotype effects on bone geometry in B6 animals yet likely also reflected changes to the tissue properties. These data may support the concept that properties of the bone geometry and/or tissue at the time of treatment initiation play a role in determining the bone’s mechanical response to zoledronate treatment.
Detrital zircon ages indicate an Early Cretaceous episode of blueschist-facies metamorphism in southern Alaska: Implications for the Mesozoic paleogeography of the northern Cordillera

Detrital zircon U-Pb ages are presented from the Liberty Creek schist in the central Chugach Mountains that indicate two distinct periods of preservation of blueschist-facies metamorphism along the southern Alaskan margin. A maximum depositional age (MDA) of 136 Ma demonstrates that the Liberty Creek schist was deposited long after the Early Jurassic cooling ages (196–185 Ma) recorded in other western Alaskan schist bodies containing blueschist-facies rocks, thus revealing two distinct blueschist-facies preservation events: an Early Jurassic event and a post–Early Cretaceous event. This Early Cretaceous depositional age also indicates that there have been major reorganizations within this subduction complex because the Potter Creek assemblage (MDA of 169–156 Ma), directly south of the Liberty Creek schist, is an older but more shallowly exhumed assemblage. Strike-slip faulting has rearranged the accretionary complex by carrying the Potter Creek assemblage outboard and south of the Liberty Creek schist. The predominance of 140–130 Ma zircons in the Liberty Creek schist sample and a population of detrital zircons that is distinct from nearby terranes suggest a sedimentary source different from other related accretionary assemblages. Three suggested Cordilleran source terranes are the Chitina Valley batholith immediately to the east; the Firvale suite of the Coast plutonic complex, ∼1500 km to the southeast near Vancouver, British Columbia; or our preferred source, the southern Mexican Guerrero terrane, ∼3000 km to the southeast. The detrital zircon signature of the Liberty Creek schist and these distances to potential sources support models suggesting thousands of kilometers of strike-slip movement along the western Cordillera since Cretaceous time, consistent with the Baja–British Columbia hypothesis.
Literary Politics: The Publication of Love’s Martyr

What political pressures as well as professional and literary opportunities inspired Shakespeare to compose ‘The Phoenix and Turtle’ for publication in the Poetical Essays of Love’s Martyr? Although this question cannot be answered with certainty, four interdependent explanations suggest why on this occasion he made an exception to his rule of avoiding such print projects after 1594. Yet the plural motives that impelled him to participate in this joint venture are further complicated by being intertwined with those of his collaborators. And at the centre of this network of political and literary associations stood Ben Jonson, whose connections with Salusbury and Shakespeare provide the strongest evidence of how ‘The Phoenix and Turtle’ became part of this prestigious collection.
Out of Eastern Europe Legacies of Violence and the Challenge of Multiple Transitions

What is the contribution of Eastern European scholarship to the study of human rights and transitional justice? This essay takes stock of the most significant empirical and theoretical contribution...
Acute Gene Expression Profile of Lung Tissue Following Sulfur Mustard Inhalation Exposure in Large Anesthetized Swine.

Sulfur mustard (HD) is a vesicating and alkylating agent widely used on the battlefield during World War I and more recently in the Iran-Iraq War. It targets the eyes, skin, and lungs, producing skin burns, conjunctivitis, and compromised respiratory function; early acute effects lead to long-term consequences. However, it is the effects on the lungs that drive morbidity and eventual mortality. The temporal postexposure response to HD within lung tissue raises the question of whether toxicity is driven by the alkylating properties of HD on critical homeostatic pathways. We have established an anesthetized swine model of inhaled HD vapor exposure to investigate the toxic effects of HD 12 h postexposure. Large white female swine were anesthetized and instrumented prior to exposure to air, 60 (sublethal) or 100 μg·kg–1 (∼LD40) doses of HD (10 min). Physiological parameters were continuously assessed. Data indicate that exposure to 100 μg·kg–1 HD lowered arterial blood oxygenation and increased shunt fraction...
Ascorbate as a pro-oxidant: mild N-terminal modification with vinylboronic acids.

We describe divergent reactivity of vinylboronic acids for protein modification. In addition to previously reported copper-catalyzed backbone N–H modification, ascorbate in air mediates N-terminal functionalization with the same vinylboronate reagents. This mild and selective aqueous reactivity enables selective single-modification of the B chain of human insulin.
A unifying metric for comparing thermomagnetic transduction utilizing magnetic entropy

A method to compare the thermal to magnetic transduction efficiencies of different thermomagnetic systems was developed. The efficiencies of operating about a spin reorientation transition and the alternative ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transformation at the Curie point were directly compared. A case study was performed comparing Gd operating about its spin reorientation temperature and its Curie point. Additionally, a case study on NdCo5 operating about its spin reorientation temperature using experimentally derived values of the materials' temperature dependent magnetic properties was conducted. Analysis suggests that choosing the appropriate material and operating it about its transition produces considerable efficiencies (∼22%) as well as large harvestable energy densities (∼2.6 MJ/m3), which is an order of magnitude larger than Gd single domains operating about their Curie point (∼100 kJ/m3).
Abstract 12750: Ascorbate Prevents Hypertension, Proteinuria and Concentric Hypertrophy by Balancing the Nitroso-redox System in a Model of Preeclampsia, the S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase (gsnor) Deficient Mice

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, is characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and S-nitrosylated protein, and...
Chemical Shift Assignment of the Regulatory Domain of Calcineurin Using NMR Spectroscopy

Calcineurin (CaN) is a serine/threonine phosphatase that is universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. In humans, CaN participates in cardiovascular and central nervous system development, and is known for its role in T-cell activation. Because of its signaling activity, regulatory problems that occur with CaN have been associated with several human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and cardiac hypertrophy. CaN is activated by increased levels of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+). These ions bind to a regulator protein, Calmodulin (CaM), which activates CaN by binding to CaN's calmodulin binding region (CaMBR). The binding site is located in the regulatory domain (RD) of CaN. The RD is intrinsically disordered until Ca2+-bound CaN binds, whereupon the RD folds and releases the previously bound autoinhibitory domain (AID). Our research is centered on understanding the molecular interactions that facilitate binding of CaN to the RD. To accomplish this, we used 2D and 3D NMR techniques to examine the structural determinants of binding and completed the protein's backbone and sidechain assignments in the solution phase. Our protein production methods included expressing protein from transformed E. coli and purifying the cell lysate on a Ni-NTA column followed by a CaM-Sepharose column. Purity was affirmed using SDS-PAGE and LC-MS.
Speaking the Unspeakable: Engaging Nefas in Lucan and Rwanda 1994

Lucan’s Bellum Civile can be read as an epic that functions in the mode of trauma literature, i.e. a work that explicitly seeks to represent a horror that defies its very representation. Toward this end, this article applies the lens of modern trauma studies to a comparative reading of Lucan set alongside selections from two literary representations of the Rwanda genocide of 1994. By reading these ancient and modern texts alongside each other, we can gain greater insight into some of the shared rhetorical and narrative strategies that these writers from such different time periods have employed. In the face of lingering trauma, these ancient and modern strategies on one hand emphasize speechlessness ( nefas and the threat of silence) and yet on the other hand engage the audience and invite them into the space of trauma through the senses of sight, sound, and emotion. The Roman poet Lucan, like his modern counterparts, seeks to guide his readers into a haunting encounter with the deeper traumatic reality of these conflicts such that they can no longer be unwitnessed or ignored.
Going Gluten Free: the History and Nutritional Implications of Today’s Most Popular Diet

The gluten-free diet (GFD) has become one of the most popular diets in modern history. Claims of improved health and increased energy fuel this popularity, though there is little evidence to substantiate these claims. The present review focuses on outlining known gluten-related disorders (GRD), discussing the GFD in the general population, exploring nutritional considerations, and providing advice for physicians in managing these patients. Currently, about a quarter of the population reports keeping a GFD despite GRDs affecting less than half of these individuals. Reduced intake of calcium, B vitamins, and fiber as well as enhanced consumption of fat and simple carbohydrates has consistently been reported and needs to be continually addressed. Although a necessity in proper management of GRDs, unforeseen nutritional complications may develop in patients who are gluten free for which enhanced physician awareness is vital to achieving optimal patient care.
Algebraic Groups: The Theory of Group Schemes of Finite Type over a Field

Algebraic groups play much the same role for algebraists as Lie groups play for analysts. This book is the first comprehensive introduction to the theory of algebraic group schemes over fields that includes the structure theory of semisimple algebraic groups, and is written in the language of modern algebraic geometry. The first eight chapters study general algebraic group schemes over a field and culminate in a proof of the Barsotti–Chevalley theorem, realizing every algebraic group as an extension of an abelian variety by an affine group. After a review of the Tannakian philosophy, the author provides short accounts of Lie algebras and finite group schemes. The later chapters treat reductive algebraic groups over arbitrary fields, including the Borel–Chevalley structure theory. Solvable algebraic groups are studied in detail. Prerequisites have also been kept to a minimum so that the book is accessible to non-specialists in algebraic geometry.
Resistir/existir: el ensamblaje como estrategia de resistencia en las palabrarmas de Cecilia Vicuña

espanolEste ensayo se basa en la produccion poetico-visual de Cecilia Vicuna realizada en Colombia entre 1975 y 1980 a traves del concepto palabrarmas, entendido como un ensamblaje y un quehacer ecologico. Tras el golpe de Estado en Chile, Vicuna desarrollo el concepto palabrarmas como una forma de explorar el lenguaje, armarse de este y reconfigurar la realidad. Las palabrarmas son una practica poetica y un proceso que invita a prestar atencion a las relaciones de interdependencia e interconexion que conforman el mundo, tomando conciencia del potencial creador (y a su vez destructor) de quienes lo habitan. A traves de un analisis de la poesia visual de Vicuna y de la pelicula ?Que es para usted la poesia?, dos areas que no han sido trabajadas en la obra de Vicuna, este ensayo argumenta que el concepto palabrarmas no solo expande la concepcion de la poesia y su relacion con las artes visuales, incluyendo otras disciplinas como el cine documental, sino que continua vigente como estrategia de resistencia social. EnglishThis essay is based on the poetic-visual production developed by Cecilia Vicuna in Colombia between 1975 and 1980 through the concept palabrarmas (words-weapons), which is understood as an assemblage and an ecological endeavor. After the coup d’etat in Chile, Vicuna developed the concept palabrarmas as a way of exploring language, arming oneself with it, and re-configuring reality. Palabrarmas is a poetic practice and a process that invites us to pay attention to the relationships of interdependence and connection that conform the world, becoming aware of the creative (and destructive) capacities of those who inhabit it. Through the analysis of Vicuna’s visual poetry and the film What is Poetry to You?, two areas that have not been dealt with in the analysis of Vicuna’s work, this essay argues that the concept palabrarmas not only expands the concept of poetry and its relationship with visual arts including other disciplines like documentary cinema, but it is also useful as a strategy of social resistance.
Uplift rates of marine terraces as a constraint on fault-propagation fold kinematics: Examples from the Hawkswood and Kate anticlines, North Canterbury, New Zealand

Abstract Marine terraces on growing fault-propagation folds provide valuable insight into the relationship between fold kinematics and uplift rates, providing a means to distinguish among otherwise non-unique kinematic model solutions. Here, we investigate this relationship at two locations in North Canterbury, New Zealand: the Kate anticline and Haumuri Bluff, at the northern end of the Hawkswood anticline. At both locations, we calculate uplift rates of previously dated marine terraces, using DGPS surveys to estimate terrace inner edge elevations. We then use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit fault-propagation fold kinematic models to structural geologic data, and we incorporate marine terrace uplift into the models as an additional constraint. At Haumuri Bluff, we find that marine terraces, when restored to originally horizontal surfaces, can help to eliminate certain trishear models that would fit the geologic data alone. At Kate anticline, we compare uplift rates at different structural positions and find that the spatial pattern of uplift rates is more consistent with trishear than with a parallel-fault propagation fold kink-band model. Finally, we use our model results to compute new estimates for fault slip rates (~ 1–2 m/ka at Kate anticline and 1–4 m/ka at Haumuri Bluff) and ages of the folds (~ 1 Ma), which are consistent with previous estimates for the onset of folding in this region. These results are consistent with previous work on the age of onset of folding in this region, provide revised estimates of fault slip rates necessary to understand the seismic hazard posed by these faults, and demonstrate the value of incorporating marine terraces in inverse fold kinematic models as a means to distinguish among non-unique solutions.
DESCRIPTIONS OF STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDINGS ON POWERS OF NUMBERS AND ROOT FORMS IN GRADE X OF MADRASAH ALIYAH PESANTREN AN-NAHDLAH LAYANG MAKASSAR

This study aims to describe the students’ instrumental and relational understanding about the form of Powers of Numbers and root in grade X of Madrasah Aliyah Pesantren An-Nahdlah Layang Makassar. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative explorative research. Subjects in this study were six students of grade X Academic Year 2016/2017 which were divided into three groups (advance, intermediate, and low levels) selected based on initial ability test results. The data collected consisted of preliminary test result data, mathematics comprehension test data and interview result data. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Description of research results are divided into two parts, namely instrumental understanding and relational understanding. Description of the instrumental understanding of the three groups is to explain the concept only procedurally based on what the subject memorized, experiencing misconceptions about the concept of the root form, solving the question of form Powers of Numbers by using one way when there are other alternatives that can be used in solving the problem, and applying the concept of Powers of Numbers to the problem solution, experiencing misconceptions about the concept of the root form. The relational understanding of the three groups was different. Higher subject groups presented examples and not examples of more than one form of Powers of Numbers, presented the concept of Powers of Numbers to another mathematical representation with the reason and presentation of more than one, utilize the concept of Powers of Numbers in solving the problem relating to the concept, and solvde the question which deals with the form of a fractional Powers of Numbers with more than one way accompanied by reason. While the intermediate subject group was to understanding how to present the concept of the form of fractional form to the root form and vice versa and understand how to apply the writing of scientific notation to problem solving. Relational understanding of low subject groups was not found in the study
Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict of History

I am very pleased that the World Phenomenology Institute has been devoting special attention to the issue of justice. This issue has, as we all know very well, dominated much of the field of discussion in American social philosophy for more than a decade and a half — at least since the time of publication of John Rawls’ A Theory of Justice in late 1971, if not even earlier. What seems to be occurring right now — and I must speak mainly for myself, of course — is a move towards reburial of the topic of justice. Or, if that metaphor is excessive, let me suggest something military like “reduction in rank” — a demotion of justice from the rank of supreme conceptual concern in the field of social and political philosophy.
Electroretinography in dogs and cats. Part I. Retinal morphology and physiology

Electroretinography is an important objective procedure that is used to assess the outer retina and follow the progression of and recovery from retinal disorders. This procedure is more sensitive than other diagnostic techniques, such as ophthalmoscopy, for determining subtle or early alterations in the outer retina. Electroretinography cannot, however, assess vision because an electroretinograpn (ERG) may be normal in dogs and cats with cortical blindness or early stages of glaucoma. If retinal dysfunction is known or suspected, an ERG may be necessary. This two-part presentation provides general practitioners with information about this relatively noninvasive electrodiagnostic procedure in order to assist them in assessing the need for referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist or neurologist. Part I reviews the morphologic and physiologic characteristics of the retina; Part II will examine electroretinographic technique, interpretations, and indications. Disciplines Eye Diseases | Medicine and Health Sciences | Ophthalmology | Veterinary Medicine Comments Dr. Komaromy was affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania from 2003-2012. Pages 346-347 were full page advertisements and have been removed. Blank pages were inserted to reflect accurate pagination. Part II can be found at http://repository.upenn.edu/vet_papers/50/ This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/vet_papers/49 Vol. 20, NO.3 March 1998 CE Article #6 (1.5 contact hours) Refereed Peer Review
The Optimization of Porous Materials for Immobilized Enzyme (IME) Systems

Critical parameters involved in the selection of support materials in the immobilization of biologically active materials are discussed. The importance of physical properties such as pore morphology, surface area and particle size relative to the final activity of the enzyme is shown using glucoamylase IME as a model system. The process of selection of specific materials with respect to the environmental conditions of the enzyme and the chemical durability of the support is considered, as are the mechanical properties required in the scale up of an application.
Models of the Galaxy and of Small Molecules

This chapter deals with some special models that were first discussed by the astronomers who tried to understand the motion of stars in the gravitational field of the Galaxy. The pioneering work was done by George Contopoulos (1960) land some of his students; they were the first to realize that the stellar trajectories in the gravitational potential of a typical galaxy can be either integrable or chaotic depending on their initial conditions. That discovery was crucial in understanding the observed velocity distribution of stars in our solar neighborhood.
Public Health Disasters

Public health disasters reflect the uncharted conceptual, ethical, and pragmatic intersections between public health ethics and the emerging discourse on disaster bioethics. This novel concept reflects public health issues with calamitous social consequences such as infectious disease outbreaks, the attendant public health impacts of natural or man-made disasters, and currently latent or low prevalence public health issues with the potential to rapidly acquire pandemic capacities. The attendant moral dilemmas that PHDs generate have local and global dimensions. For this reason, they demand a multifaceted ethically grounded and pragmatically oriented approach. This chapter presents the conceptual foreground to the ethical and pragmatic dimensions of these issues.
Measurement of Fiber-Induced One-Way Noise Over Deployed Optical Links for Quantum Networks

Noise imparted to an optical signal propagating along a 42-km deployed optical fiber link is measured using two different techniques employing referenced mode-locked lasers. We compare the two techniques and assess their suitability for stabilizing the fiber link for quantum networks.