cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Boron and Sulfuro on the Ideal Yield Stress of Ni3Al—A First-Principles Approach

The past two decades have witnessed dramatic growth in both the experimental and theoretical activity in intermetallic compounds and ordered alloys, because of the potential use of these systems in a wide variety of technological applications.1 Of central interest are their high melting temperature, low density, resistance to oxidation,2 and the increase of yield stress it displays with increasing temperature,3 in contrast to conventional compounds or disordered alloys. However, as with many other inter-metallics, an inherent drawback to using polycrystalline ordered stoichiometric Ni3Al alloys as a structural material is the tendency to undergo brittle intergranular fracture,4 even though single crystals of Ni3Al are highly ductile, having an elongation of 20%. Microalloying studies have shown2 that doping with certain impurities, which prefer to segregate towards grain boundaries, can significantly improve the ductility of polycrystalline Ni3Al.3 At room temperature, the addition of only 0.05 wt% (0.25 at%) of boron increases elongation of polycrystalline Ni3Al from a few percent to values of 45–50%. On the other hand, impurities such as sulfur or phosphorus act as strong embrittlers.5
Conodonts and other microfossils and age of the Caryocaris Shale, central Nevada

Poorly preserved conodonts from the upper part of the Caryocaris Shale at the type locality in the Antelope Range, Eureka County, Nevada, include elements of Fauna C of Ethington & Clark (1971). These conodonts demonstrate unequivocally that this unit includes rocks of Early Ordovician age, and that the Cambro-Ordovician boundary is lower in the sequence. Other microfossils recovered from the shale include ?leiosphaerids, small inarticulate brachiopods, and fragments of phosphatic plates and spheroids of uncertain affinities.
Study on a voice hiding algorithm in GSM communication

A voice hiding algorithm that can be used in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) was proposed.It is speech-hiding algorithm based on the Analysis-by-Synthesis Energy Ratio.The algorithm is based on the technique of Analysis-By-Synthesis (ABS) and can adjust adaptively the strength of the security information component according to public speech to achieve the best performance of hiding and encoding.
Research Survey on Control,Modeling,Simulation and Application of Automatic Generation Control System

Frequency is one of the most key indicators for power system.Automatic generation control(AGC) system to ensure the quality of the system frequency is used in modern electric power system,and it is also crucial for the tie-line power flow in all regions to be equal to the planning value.This paper summarizes the research status of AGC system at home and abroad,expounds its control strategy in an real power system,the dynamic simulation studies on AGC as well as the application of the AGC system,and points out the deficiency in current research.In the end,this paper gives the future development of the AGC.
Beauty as Power: In/visible Woman and Womanist Film in Daughters of the Dust

One of the most celebrated African American films Daughters of the Dust marks the first feature film directed by an African American woman, Julie Dash, to receive major theatrical release. Set in 1903 at the dawn of the twentieth century, this story chronicles the experiences of the Peazants, three generations of Gullah women and their family’s migration from the remote southern Sea Islands to the urban, industrial north of the United States. Framed amid the seemingly majestic seacoast of the islands, Daughters of the Dust takes on a magical other-worldliness as it explores the hardship of black southern life just a few generations out of slavery. The film focuses particularly on black women and their subjugation by the ‘invisible’ hands of white male patriarchy.
Families, Poly-victimization, & Resilience Portfolios: Understanding Risk, Vulnerability & Protection Across the Span of Childhood

Three trends in violence research hold promise for advancing to the second wave of violence scholarship and practice. The first is the recognition of the web of violence, or the interconnectedness among all forms of violence and abuse. We should focus on the cumulative burden of violence exposure, not just specific types of violence. The second is the need to unpack the mechanisms and processes, so we can do a better job of targeting key underlying factors in prevention and intervention. The final shift is to a strengths-based approach, such as Resilience Portfolios. The field needs to focus more on achieving well-being, not just minimizing pathology. Opportunities and challenges of these three paradigm shifts are discussed.
Surveying the Maize community for their diversity and pedigree visualization needs to prioritize tool development and curation.

The Maize Genetics and Genomics Database (MaizeGDB) team prepared a survey to identify breeders’ needs for visualizing pedigrees, diversity data and haplotypes in order to prioritize tool development and curation efforts at MaizeGDB. The survey was distributed to the maize research community on behalf of the Maize Genetics Executive Committee in Summer 2015. The survey garnered 48 responses from maize researchers, of which more than half were self-identified as breeders. The survey showed that the maize researchers considered their top priorities for visualization as: (i) displaying single nucleotide polymorphisms in a given region for a given list of lines, (ii) showing haplotypes for a given list of lines and (iii) presenting pedigree relationships visually. The survey also asked which populations would be most useful to display. The following two populations were on top of the list: (i) 3000 publicly available maize inbred lines used in Romay et al. (Comprehensive genotyping of the USA national maize inbred seed bank. Genome Biol, 2013;14:R55) and (ii) maize lines with expired Plant Variety Protection Act (ex-PVP) certificates. Driven by this strong stakeholder input, MaizeGDB staff are currently working in four areas to improve its interface and web-based tools: (i) presenting immediate progenies of currently available stocks at the MaizeGDB Stock pages, (ii) displaying the most recent ex-PVP lines described in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) on the MaizeGDB Stock pages, (iii) developing network views of pedigree relationships and (iv) visualizing genotypes from SNP-based diversity datasets. These survey results can help other biological databases to direct their efforts according to user preferences as they serve similar types of data sets for their communities. Database URL https://www.maizegdb.org.
Land-use and ecosystem services costs of unconventional US oil and gas development.

The rapid expansion of unconventional oil and gas development in the US has been controversial because of numerous environmental and social issues, including the conversion, fragmentation, and degradation of natural habitats. Here we describe land-use impacts and ecosystem services costs of recent energy development in the eight major unconventional oil and gas production regions of the US. From 2004 to 2015, more than 200,000 hectares of land were developed or modified. By 2015, the estimated annual ecosystem services costs of this habitat change had risen to US$272 million, which resulted in a cumulative total of almost US$1.4 billion. These costs were concentrated in deciduous forests and grasslands/pastures. Depending on future well-drilling rates, cumulative ecosystem services costs projected to the year 2040 range from US$9.4 billion to US$31.9 billion. These environmental and economic impacts should be considered when governments perform cost–benefit analyses and create regulatory oversight.
Abstract LB-286: ARID1A loss impairs enhancer-mediated gene regulation and drives colon cancer in mice

Genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are collectively mutated in ~20% of all human cancers, but the mechanism by which these mutations promote tumorigenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigate the tumor suppressor role of ARID1A, the subunit of SWI/SNF complexes that is the most frequent target of mutations. We develop an inducible Arid1a-knockout mouse model and find that mice develop invasive ARID1A-deficient colon adenocarcinoma. These cancers show prominent mucinous differentiation and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, features associated particularly with microsatellite-instable (MSI) human colorectal cancer - the subtype with the highest frequency of inactivating ARID1A mutations (37-39%). Although deregulation of Wnt signaling components (APC/β-catenin) is commonly utilized to model intestinal tumorigenesis, Arid1a-knockout mice reflect human colorectal cancer with greater accuracy. These mice do not show deregulation of Wnt signaling components, thus demonstrating a novel pathway to colon tumorigenesis that is independent of established models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing reveals that SWI/SNF complexes are targeted primarily to enhancers, where they function in coordination with transcription factors to activate gene expression. ARID1A loss impairs the targeting of SWI/SNF complexes to thousands of enhancers, which subsequently lose activity - showing reduced levels of H3K27ac and expression of nearest genes. Residual SWI/SNF complexes in ARID1A-deficient cells bind enhancers that remain active; these complexes contain ARID1B, the subunit that is mutually exclusive with ARID1A and has been identified as a therapeutic target in ARID1A-deficient cancers. Enhancers associated with developmental gene expression programs are most affected by ARID1A loss, both in the mouse colonic epithelium and in human colon cancer cells. Collectively, these findings represent an advance in colon cancer modeling and implicate enhancer-mediated gene regulation as the principal tumor suppressor function of ARID1A. Citation Format: Radhika Mathur, Burak H. Alver, Adrianna K. San Roman, Boris G. Wilson, Xiaofeng Wang, Agoston T. Agoston, Peter Park, Ramesh Shivdasani, Charles W. Roberts. ARID1A loss impairs enhancer-mediated gene regulation and drives colon cancer in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-286. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-286
Review: The potential of seminal fluid mediated paternal–maternal communication to optimise pregnancy success

Artificial insemination has been a landmark procedure in improving animal agriculture over the past 150 years. The utility of artificial insemination has facilitated a rapid improvement in animal genetics across agricultural species, leading to improvements of growth, health and productivity in poultry, swine, equine and cattle species. The utility of artificial insemination, as with all assisted reproductive technologies side-steps thousands of years of evolution that has led to the development of physiological systems to ensure the transmission of genetics from generation to generation. The perceived manipulation of these physiological systems as a consequence of assisted reproduction are points of interest in which research could potentially improve the success of these technologies. Indeed, seminal fluid is either removed or substantially diluted when semen is prepared for artificial insemination in domestic species. Although seminal fluid is not a requirement for pregnancy, could the removal of seminal fluid from the ejaculate have negative consequences on reproductive outcomes that could be improved to further the economic benefit of artificial insemination? One such potential influence of seminal fluid on reproduction stems from the question; how does the allogeneic foetus survive gestation in the face of the maternal immune system? Observation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy has noted maternal immune tolerance to paternal-specific antigens; a mechanism by which the maternal immune system tolerates specific paternal antigens expressed on the foetus. In species like human or rodent, implantation occurs days after fertilisation and as such the mechanisms to establish antigen-specific tolerance must be initiated very early during pregnancy. We and others propose that these mechanisms are initiated at the time of insemination when paternal antigens are first introduced to the maternal immune system. It is unclear whether such mechanisms would also be involved in domestic species, such as cattle, where implantation occurs weeks later in gestation. A new paradigm detailing the importance of paternal-maternal communication at the time of insemination is becoming evident as it relates to maternal tolerance to foetal antigen and ultimately pregnancy success.
Source of the soybean N credit in maize production

Nitrogen response trials throughout the United States Corn Belt show that economic optimum rates of N fertilization are usually less for maize (Zea mays L.) following soybean (Glycine max L.) than for maize following maize; however, the cause of this rotation effect is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the source of the apparent N contribution from soybean to maize (soybean N credit) by comparing soil N mineralization rates in field plots of unfertilized maize that had either nodulated soybean, non-nodulated soybean, or maize as the previous crop. Crop yields, plant N accumulation, soil inorganic N, and net soil mineralization were measured. Both grain yield (6.3 vs. 2.8 Mg ha −1 ) and above-ground N accumulation (97 vs. 71 kg ha −1 ) were greatly increased when maize followed nodulated soybean compared with maize following maize. A partial benefit to yield and N accumulation was also observed for maize following non-nodulated soybean. Cumulative net soil N mineralization following nodulated soybean, non-nodulated soybean, and maize was 112, 92 and 79 kg N ha −1 , respectively. Net mineralization of soil N appeared to be influenced by both quality (C:N ratio) and quantity of residue from the previous crop. In addition to an increase in plant available N from mineralization, the amount of soil inorganic N (especially in soil 5 cm from the row) was greater following nodulated soybean than non-nodulated soybean or maize. Based on these data, the soybean N credit appears to result from a combination of a decrease in net soil mineralization in continuous maize production and an increase in residual soil N from symbiotic fixation.
Early Methods of Myocardial Revascularization

Heberden, when he made the classic description of angina pectoris in 1772, was not concerned about the relationship between the anginal syndrome and coronary artery disease [1]. Over the next one hundred and fifty years, the understanding of the pathology, pathophysiology, and the clinical correlation slowly evolved. By the early 20th century, the clinical presentation and consequences of sudden coronary artery occlusion were recognized [2]. However, surgery of the heart was in its infancy. Rehn in 1896 had sutured a cardiac laceration, and ten years later Trendelenberg performed surgery for massive pulmonary embolus. The 1920’s saw mitral valve surgery begun by Souttar and Cutler [3]. It was in this setting that the first procedures designed to treat patients with myocardial ischemia were developed.
Anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer cells induced by IL-1β.

e16057 Background: Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancer initiation and progression in a variety of tissues. The impact of acute and chronic inflammatory signaling on androgen receptor (AR...
Organic redox-active crystalline layers for reagent-free electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing (ORACLE-AST).

Abstract Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is critical in determining bacterial resistance or susceptibility to a particular antibiotic. Simple-to-use phenotype-based AST platforms can assist care-givers in timely prescription of the right antibiotic. Monitoring the change of bacterial viability by measuring electrochemical Faradaic current is a promising approach for rapid AST. However, the existing works require mixing redox-active reagents in the solution which can interfere with the antibiotics. In this paper, we developed a facile electrodeposition process for creating a redox-active crystalline layer (denoted as RZx) on pyrolytic graphite sheets (PGS), which was then utilized as the sensing layer for reagent-free electrochemical AST. To demonstrate the proof-of-principle, we tested the sensors with Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 treated with two antibiotics, ampicillin and kanamycin. While the sensors enable detection of bacterial metabolism mainly due to pH-sensitivity of RZx (∼ 53 mV/pH), secreted redox-active metabolites/compounds from whole cells are likely contributing to the signal as well. By monitoring the differential voltammetric signals, the sensors enable accurate prediction of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 60 min (p
Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome and Prostate Cancer: First Reported Case (2463)

Objective: To describe the first reported case of Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS) in Prostate Cancer. Background: OMS is a rare movement disorder with rapid spontaneous multidirectional eye movements, involuntary muscle contractions, ataxia and dysarthria. OMS is associated with viral etiologies and malignancy. Associations with small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, gynecological malignancies and bladder cancer have been described. Design/Methods: NA Results: CASE: A 62 year old male presented two months following diagnosis of prostate cancer with stiffness of his right leg and “tremors” of his left ear. He developed uncontrolled “tremors” of his extremities 48 hours after radical prostatectomy with positive tumor margins. He denied weakness, confusion, incontinence, seizures or loss of consciousness. Carbamazepine initiated for symptomatic improvement, resulted in transient, severe, reversible thrombocytopenia. The patient presented three weeks following radical prostatectomy with falls, unsteady gait and uncontrolled tremors. He was awake, alert, anxious, and exhibited cerebellar scanning speech. Fading petechiae were noted on bilateral feet and ankles. Neurological examination revealed opsoclonus, dysarthria and intention myoclonic limb movements. Cranial nerve exam, sensory exam and deep tendon reflexes were symmetric and intact. There was no dysautonomia, muscle wasting or encephalopathy. Laboratory studies revealed transient thrombocytopenia of 9000 that recovered upon discontinuation of carbamazepine. CSF studies and chest x-ray were normal. MRI of the spine/brain demonstrated chronic small vessel ischemic changes. Paraneoplastic OMS was diagnosed on clinical grounds. Multimodality immunosuppressive therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy were initiated with partial response. Conclusions: Paraneoplastic OMS is reported in 20–40% of adult cases. Autoimmunity is the perceived trigger. Studies in children with OMS reveal a high incidence of antibodies against cerebellar Purkinje cells and cerebellar granular neurons. Neurological prognosis improves with prompt treatment of the underlying malignancy. Symptom relapse and residual ataxic gait occur more commonly in older adults. Disclosure: Dr. Fromowitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nissenblatt has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with AstraZeneca. Bayer HealthCare.. Dr. Copeland has nothing to disclose.
Examining the Reliability of Various Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) Measures in Vietnamese Adolescents

Perceiving one's self as accepted by important others, such as parents, is fundamental and crucial for the well-being of each individual. One major aspect of interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory) is examining how parental acceptance-rejection affects people's psychological adjustment. This theory has been validated in many countries and cultural groups around the world, but has not been utilized in the Vietnamese context. This research aims to assess the reliability of IPARTheory measures in Vietnam and applicability of the theory itself among a Vietnamese sample. Participants included 162 students from a high school in Hanoi (Mage = 15.58 years; 69.8% female). Materials consisted of Vietnamese versions of various IPARTheory measures: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Personality Assessment Questionnaire, Interpersonal Relationship Anxiety Questionnaire, and a demographics form designed specifically for this research. Analyses show that psychological maladjustment significantly correlated with perceived paternal rejection, maternal rejection, and their subscales. Cronbach's alphas were strong, ranging from .73 to .97, except for the dependency subscale and hostility subscale of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Thus, the results provide evidence for the reliability of various IPARTheory measures in Vietnam. The relationships found in this study have implications for parents, teachers, and psychologists to employ in order to provide adolescents with appropriate guidance and intervention based on the importance of perceived parental acceptance-rejection.
Preferences for Accessing Electronic Health Records for Research Purposes: Views of Parents Who Have a Child With a Known or Suspected Genetic Condition.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine parental preferences for researchers accessing their child’s electronic health record across 3 groups: those with a child with (1) a known genetic condition (fragile X syndrome FXS), (2) a suspected genetic condition (autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), and (3) no known genetic condition (typically developing). Methods After extensive formative work, a discrete choice experiment was designed consisting of 5 attributes, each with 2 or 3 levels, including (1) type of researcher, (2) the use of personally identifiable information, (3) the use of sensitive information, (4) personal importance of research, and (5) return of results. Stratified mixed logit and latent class conditional logit models were examined. Results Parents of children with FXS or ASD had relatively higher preferences for research conducted by nonprofits than parents of typically developing children. Parents of children with ASD also preferred research using non-identifiable and nonsensitive information. Parents of children with FXS or ASD also had preferences for research that was personally important and returned either summary or individual results. Although a few child and family characteristics were related to preferences, they did not overall define the subgroups of parents. Conclusions Although electronic health record preference research has been conducted with the general public, this is the first study to examine the opinions of parents who have a child with a known or suspected genetic condition. These parents were open to studies using their child's electronic health record because they may have more to gain from this type of research.
Influence of the Ground, Ceiling, and Sidewall on Micro-Quadrotors

The growth of the micro-aerial vehicle (MAV) industry is outpacing our understanding of how MAVs behave in cluttered environments. Search and rescue and product delivery (two key MAV applications) ...
Brief Amicus Curiae of B'Nai B'Rith International, Raoul Wallenberg Ctr. for Human Rights, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Amb. Stuart E. Eizenstat, et al. filed in Zuckerman/Leffman v. The Met, Petitition for a Writ of Certiorari, Supreme Court of the United States No. 19-942

Amicus Brief for a petition for a Writ of Certiorari in Support of Petitioner Zuckerman, as Ancillary Administratrix of the Estate of Alice Leffman v. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Determinants of lithium-ion battery technology cost decline

Prices of lithium-ion battery technologies have fallen rapidly and substantially, by about 97%, since their commercialization three decades ago. Many efforts have contributed to the cost reduction underlying the observed price decline, but the contributions of these efforts and their relative importance remain unclear. Here we address this gap by developing a set of cost change models to disentangle these efforts and estimate their individual contributions to the cost decline of lithium-ion cells. We collect data on lithium-ion cell components and their prices, develop a cost equation and cost change equations for these cells, and estimate the contributions of different low-level mechanisms of cost reduction, such as the impacts of changes in energy capacity characteristics, reductions in material prices, and changes in non-material costs. We find that between the late 1990s and early 2010s, about 38% of the observed cost decline resulted from efforts to increase cell charge density. Meanwhile, reductions in cathode materials prices contributed 18% of the cost reduction, and changes in non-material costs accounted for 14% of the cost decline. We also consider the contributions of high-level mechanisms, including research and development (R&D), learning-by-doing, and economies of scale. We find that the largest share of cost change was driven by public and private research and development, which we estimate contributed a majority of the observed cost reduction, with a lower contribution from economies of scale. Moreover, we find that the majority of the R&D contribution can be attributed to advancements in chemistry and materials science. Looking to the future, these results suggest that the nature of electrochemical battery technology, which often allows for many different combinations of electrode materials and electrolyte chemistries, presents further opportunities for new approaches and cost decline in batteries. However, public policy may be needed to help avoid premature lock-in, which can result from market forces favoring incumbent technologies.
Antigenic Profile and Impact of Immunization with Zona Pellucida Antigens in Primates

Within the past 10–12 years numerous studies have been published which describe the investigation of zona pellucida antigens for immunocontraceptive purposes (for reviews see Sacco, 1981; Dunbar, 1983). The earliest of these studies primarily used antigens associated with rodent zonae as immunogens and involved the use of antisera developed against total zona proteins. These early in vitro experiments and passive immunization studies clearly demonstrated the contraceptive potential of antibodies produced against the zona pellucida. When the immunologic similarity of antigens present in porcine and human zona was demonstrated (Sacco, 1977), the porcine zona became a prime candidate for consideration as a target antigen for the development of a human contraceptive vaccine. The availability of large numbers of porcine ovaries as a source of zonae made this species particularly attractive for immunocontraceptive studies.
A physicalist manifesto : thoroughly modern materialism

Preface Introduction 1. Realization physicalism 2. But why not supervenience? 3. Realizationism and r*d*ct**n*sm 4. Causation and explanation in a realizationist world 5. The evidence against realization physicalism 6. The evidence for realization physicalism References Index.
Oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides in Pasteurella tularensis. I. Distribution of diaphorases and transhydrogenases.

Abstract The particulate fraction from sonicates of P. tularensis contained a very active DPNH oxidase system, but was almost inactive with TPNH. The TPNH-DPN transhydrogenase of the cell was located in the soluble fraction, while most of the DPNH-3-acetylpyridine DPN transhydrogenase activity was in the particulate fraction (or acetone powder residue). Almost no TPNH-3-acetylpyridine DPN transhydrogenase activity was present. TPNH-DPN transhydrogenase activity could be determined by coupling with the particulate DPNH-3-acetylpyridine DPN transhydrogenase. About 2 3 of the DPNH diaphorase activity was found in the soluble fraction. The DPNH/TPNH diaphorase ratio was about 0.7 for whole sonicate, and about 0.5 for the soluble fraction. Very little TPNH diaphorase activity was observed in the particulate fraction, even after treatment with acetone, butanol, or deoxycholate, or after further sonic oscillation.
Towards a natural history of calcium-activated potassium channels

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on calcium-activated potassium channels (K Ca ). K Ca channels have provided strategic advantages for many cells. Those with and without additional voltage dependence are co-deployed in many cases. All probably participate in negative-feedback protection against calcium overload in some contexts; however, they have many other roles, some even contradictory to this role. Slo gene-encoded BK channels dampen excitation, secretion, and contraction, facilitate rapid spiking and secretion, enhance auditory frequency discrimination, modulate presynaptic output, shape rhythmicity, and transport potassium in bulk. Barely studied paralogs of Slo (Slo2, Slack, and Slo3) have mysterious chloride-, calcium-, or pH-sensitive aspects to their gating. SK channels from several genes mediate spike frequency adaptation, help pace rhythmic bursting, prevent rhythmic bursting, ﬁne-tune threshold, and influence wakefulness and memory formation. Related IK channels provide a driving force for calcium and help regulate immune function and hematopoiesis. Some of the classically described K Ca channels—for example, those that help regulate ciliary beating in Paramecium and those that produce the quiet phase in elegant molluscan bursting rhythms—remain uncharacterized at the molecular level.
Posttranslationally modified tyrosines from galactose oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase.

Publisher Summary The study of post-translationally modified redox-active amino acids is a new and continuing area of biochemistry. The model studies on compounds representing the galactose oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase cofactors have demonstrated that substitution at the ortho position of the tyrosine side chain may modity the redox potential, the bond dissociation energy, and the pKa of the hydroxyl group. Behavior attributable to such perturbations is evident in studies on both enzymes and the effect of the covalent modification may have different outcomes. In cytochrome c oxidase, the tyrosyl radical species in cytochrome c oxidase is proposed to arise as a result of donating a hydrogen atom (electron + proton) to bound dioxygen to assure O-O bond cleavage. This contrasts with galactose oxidase where the stabilized, cross-linked tyrosyl radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the activated (by coordination to copper) substrate. Finally, it concludes that the cross-link may also serve a protective role, perhaps controlling the reactivity of the tyrosyl radical, and preventing deleterious ligand radical coupling reactions.
Design of transimpedance and limiting amplifiers for 10 Gb/s optical communication systems

This paper introduces SiGe-based low-noise differential transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) with transimpedance gain of 63dB for 10Gb/s link. A limiting amplifier (LA) is designed to amplify the signal after TIA. The LA gives a differential output with 0.4 V/sub PP/. Total power consumption of the TIA and the LA is 60 mW.
Why aggression?2

On the basis of a formalised view of metapsychology, the author briefly considers the problems inherent in the Freudian notion of a death drive or aggressive drive and then goes on to develop a new theoretical conception of aggression. Aggression is understood as an affect, action or affective action and, in relation to these, as an expression of the intensity with which a drive'whether it be the sexual drive with its libidinal cathexes or the self-preservative drive with its lethic cathexes'seeks to attain its object. In this context the author regards the regulation of closeness and distance with respect to the ‘psychogeometric locus’ of the relevant drive object as being of central importance. She contends that neurotic personalities suffer from specific distortions in the perception of the psychogeometric locus of their drive objects, which may give rise to an intensification of the drive tendencies prevailing in these individuals at any given time so that these tendencies take on an aggressive character. The author presents two clinical vignettes to show how her approach allows aggression and its occurrence to be conceptualised without resorting to the idea of a primary aggressive drive, and draws attention to the resulting technical consequences for interpretation.
Tensors and Universal Properties

We will review the basic properties of the tensor product and use them to illustrate the basic notion of a universal property, which we will see repeatedly.
Detention Without End?: Reexamining the Indefinite Confinement of Terrorism Suspects Through the Lens of Criminal Sentencing

While there has been a great deal of focus on who may be detained in the armed conflict with al Qaeda and associated forces, (the so-called “war on terror”), there has been relatively little consideration of how long individuals may be held. The Article provides a new approach to this issue. It argues that review of long-term terrorism detentions should be addressed not merely through application of the laws of war, which permit detention until the end of the conflict, but should also draw upon principles rooted in criminal sentencing. The Article makes two main points: first, that criminal sentencing highlights the value of a judicial proceeding focused on the length of detention; and second that the United States should develop a detention standard that incorporates a broader range of factors about an individual, his background, and past conduct to assess whether he should continue to be held. This standard may be utilized whether review of continued detention takes place in a judicial or an administrative proceeding. The Article not only seeks practical solutions to the seemingly intractable problems posed by Guantanamo. It also attempts to re-frame the larger debate surrounding the war on terrorism, by demonstrating how traditional legal concepts, such as those governing the detention of combatants, must be adapted given the nature of the armed conflict the U.S. is waging.
Scalability and Programmability of Massively Parallel Processors

In this talk, we examine massively parallel processing (MPP) systems and their research, development, and application issues. We start with a classification of basic MPP models. Scalability attributes, programming requirements, and underlying hardware/ software technologies are assessed. Then we evaluate MPP systems currently available from industry as well as explored in research institutions. Major challenges in R/D and applications of MPPs are identified with key references.
Los efectos de la migración interna en el producto y el bienestar social: un estudio de caso en el Perú con el enfoque de la función de producción estocástica de frontera

Se trata de analizar los efectos de la migracion interna en la produccion total, usando la tecnica de funciones de produccion estocastica de frontera y con datos del Peru. Sin embargo, el analisis tambien ahondar mas alla de los efectos de la estricta produccion; se hara una tentativa para medir las externalidades negativas ocasionadas por las migraciones a Lima. Finalmente, se medira la sensibilidad de los incrementos (o descensos) en la produccion a las distorsiones en los precios domesticos y se calcularan los incrementos en produccion a precios mundiales.
Ultrafast optical switching using cascaded second-order nonlinearities with application to ultrashort-pulse measurement

Cascaded second-order nonlinear-optical (CSN) processes simulate third-order processes, but with greater efficiencies.
Identification of a new isoform of cell-cell adhesion molecule 105 (C-CAM), C-CAM4: A secretory protein with only one Ig domain

A series of Southern blot hybridization experiments using probes derived from different regions of the rat liver cell-cell adhesion molecule 105 (C-CAM) cDNA revealed the presence of a 9.6 kb EcoRI genomic fragment that seemed to encode a unique C-CAM isoform. An RNase protection study showed that this c-CAM transcript was expressed in placenta, spleen, lung and large intestine. In contrast, the other C-CAM isoforms, C-CAM1 and C-CAM2, are expressed in liver and small intestine. This result also suggests that the new isoform, which we named C-CAM4, was indeed encoded by a new C-CAM gene. A rat placenta cDNA library was then screened and the full-length cDNA coding for C-CAM4 was isolated. The deduced protein contained 142 amino acids and had a calculated molecular mass of 15 kDa. C-CAM4 was composed of a leader sequence and the first V-like Ig domain typical of C-CAM-family proteins. However, C-CAM4 lacked the C-like Ig domains, the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic domain found in other C-CAM isoforms. Thus, C-CAM4 is different from the other known C-CAMs in that it is a secreted protein. We have previously shown that the first Ig domain of C-CAM1 is crucial for its adhesion function. The V-like Ig domain of C-CAM4 had 92% and 89% sequence identity with the corresponding regions of C-CAM1 and C-cam2 respectively. Together these results suggest that C-CAM4 may play a role in regulating the function of other C-CAM family proteins.
Infective endocarditis: a history of the development of its understanding

Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, especially the valvular endothelium, chordae tendinae and mural endocardium was first recognized almost 350 years ago. Over the years it has had many names, but is now generally designated infective endocarditis (IE) and has an associated infectious agent. A sterile vegetative process can also affect the valves and is usually referred to as Libman-Sacks endocarditis. The developments of medical science that allowed for our understanding of this entity included refinement of the autopsy, medical microscopy, microbiology, and in recent years, molecular studies. Some observations were misleading but clarification particularly followed the reports of Morgagni, Osler and Libman. As understanding of the pathobiology of infective endocarditis grew so did the effectiveness of therapy. This paper provides a detailed history of the development of the concept of Infective endocarditis citing many key morphological observations and concludes with brief comments about current concepts of pathogenesis as well as a few remarks about therapy.
Complex nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis: What is the optimal approach?

Objectives/Hypothesis Assess the role of combined antimicrobial and surgical therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lesions of the head and neck in children. Study Design Retrospective cohort. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric head and neck NTM lesions at a tertiary children's hospital from 1999 to 2012. Results Seventy-one children were diagnosed with NTM lesions. Age of presentation ranged between 7 and 204 months of age. Most patients (62%) had multiple lesions. Treatments included incision and drainage, curettage, antibiotics, excision, and any combination of surgery and antibiotics. Upon initial presentation, the most common treatment was surgical excision alone (n = 34) with a high complication rate (50%). In 18 cases, patients were initially treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgical excision due to the extent or location of the lesion(s). Complication rate in these patients was also high (67%). The most common complications in surgically excised NTM lesions included temporary or persistent facial nerve dysfunction (24.6%), poor wound healing/scarring (10.8%), and Frey's syndrome (6.2%). Conclusions Surgical excision with or without medical therapy for NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis in high-risk regions commonly resulted in marginal mandibular nerve dysfunction (24.6%). Postoperative facial nerve weakness generally resolved within a year. High rates of complications and a lack of proven best approaches suggest tailoring the approach to address the potential risks in that particular patient based on location and severity. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2015
The exploding lattice model for hot-atom reactions in solids—1 Retention in orthophosphates and orthophosphites

Abstract A model for hot-atom reactions in solids is proposed from observations of retention in orthophosphate and orthophosphite salts. It is proposed that an exploded-lattice state is formed when an energetic phosphorus atom breaks through the primary cage (tetrahedral arrangement of oxygen and/or hydrogen atoms) and then the secondary cage (of cations) effectively generating a zone of displaced atoms. A plot of (1 − R ), where R is the retention, vs the mass of the cation shows a sharp break for masses greater than 30. Estimates are made for retention in the three energy regions that are defined.
Evidence for two conformational forms of monhistone protein BA which differ in their affinity for DNA

Abstract Nonhistone protein BAfree was purified from the 0.075 M NaCl/0.025 M EDTA pH 8 extract of whole rat liver nuclei while protein BAbound was isolated from the 0.05 M Na2HPO4/8 M urea/1% β-mercaptoethanol/pH 7.6 extract of dehistonized rat liver chromatin. Chromatin associated protein BAbound was able to bind 60% of the [3H] DNA in a nitrocellulose filter binding assay while nucleoplasmic protein BAfree showed essentially no DNA binding activity. Circular dichroism analysis of the two forms of protein BA revealed substantial differences in their conformations. Protein BAfree was found to have an α-helix content of 41% while protein BAbound displayed a spectrum more typical of unordered or β-turn structures.
Effect of lithium upon desipramine enhanced shock-elicited fighting in rats

Rats were tested for changes in shock-elicited fighting (SEF) following the chronic administration of saline (IP); lithium (Li+) (20 mEq./l tap water) + saline (IP); desipramine (DMI) (15 mg/kg, IP); and DMI + Li+ for 14 days. The repeated test trials indicated a significant decrease in SEF in Li+-saline group (p less than 0.05), a significant increase (p less than p.05) in the DMI group, but no difference in the DMI + Li+ group in comparison to saline controls. Combined treatment with DMI + Li+ significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) SEF in comprison to the DMI group. These results suggest that enhanced aggressivity resulting from chronic DMI administration and measured by SEF can be a useful behavioral model to study the action of lithium.
Clinical Evaluation in the Normative Aging Study

Life expectancy is determined by disease development and the process of aging. Much is known about the significance of control of disease to the length of life, and changes in life expectancy have largely been the result of this disease control. Further alteration in the length of life will be greatly dependent on control of the aging process. Little is known about the biochemistry, physiology, genetic, environmental and other factors involved in aging as they relate to the human subject in a clinical setting. The Normative Aging Study is attempting to improve our definition of the clinical aging process. Through the prospective evaluation of a population previously determined to be normal the various factors resulting in aging may be described. Once recognized it is hoped that alteration of these factors might allow some control of the aging process.
Search, Unemployment, and the Production of Jobs

The authors investigate the performance of the economy when search is required to find employment and when the duration of unemployment varies across sectors. They assume that in one sector factor markets are frictionless, while in the other se ctor idle factors of production must actively search each other out i n order to produce. They focus on how well the economy allocates work ers across sectors and the conditions under which the factor mix with in a sector is correct. The authors demonstrate that in equilibrium t he search sector is too small and its factor intensity is too asymmet ric. Copyright 1987 by Royal Economic Society.
Association of leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, with carrier proteins in the thymus

Abstract Leucogenenol a heterocyclic enolic thymothyroid hormone (MW 383) whose concentration in the serum regulates the rate at which already committed cells of the bone marrow develop into functional cells, was found to be associated in the thymus with a carrier protein. The carrier protein for leucogenenol is not precipitated by heating to 80° but following this treatment leucogenenol is precipitated in association with proteins precipitated by acetone and then by saturated ammonium sulfate. On chromatography on Sephacryl G-200 it was found that leucogenenol was associated with proteins of MW approximately 38,000. Leucogenenol is not eluted from the chromatographic column if it is not associated with its carrier proteins. It is suggested that other hormones such as those associated with the reproductive cycle or compounds that result from tissue damage induce the liberation of leucogenenol from its carrier protein in the thymus to the circulation where it is associated as previously described, with a protein of approximately MW 300,000.
The TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers Are Expressed on Podocalyxin in Embryonal Carcinoma

We have previously identified the cell adhesion protein podocalyxin expressed in a human pluripotent stem cell, embryonal carcinoma (EC), which is a malignant germ cell. Podocalyxin is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein with amino acid sequence homology to the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. Since the initial discovery of podocalyxin in a cancerous stem cell, numerous new studies have identified podocalyxin in many different human cancers and in embryonic stem cells lines (ES) derived from human embryos. Embryonal carcinoma, as do all human pluripotent stem cells, expresses TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 antigens, and although their molecular identities are unknown, they are commonly used as markers of undifferentiated pluripotent human stem cells. We report here that purified podocalyxin from embryonal carcinoma has binding activity with the TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 antibodies. Embryonal carcinoma cells treated with retinoic acid undergo differentiation and lose the TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 markers from their plasma membrane surface. We show that podocalyxin is modified in the retinoic acid-treated cells and has an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa on protein blots as compared with the apparent 200-kDa molecular weight form of podocalyxin expressed in untreated cells. Furthermore, the modified form of podocalyxin no longer reacts with the TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 antibodies. Thus, embryonal carcinoma expresses two distinct forms of podocalyxin, and the larger version is a molecular carrier of the human stem cell-defining antigens TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81.
The effectiveness of modes and schedules of reinforcement on work and social behavior in occupational therapy

The relative effectiveness of token, social, and unmanged reinforcements on work and social behavior, concomitantly, was investigated. The effects of a “time-out” and self-management technology were also studied. In addition, the effects of increased social accessibility, via the removal of “social barriers”, were investigated. A differential reinforcement technology was employed to demonstrate rate reversals. Token reinforcement exhibited the greatest degree of control on behavior rates. However, social reinforcement did exhibit rate control at low ratio schedules. Both modes revealed the advantages of systematic reinforcement, in contrast to unmanaged reinforcement. Self-management and “time-out” technologies generated rate data effects similar to those under systematic reinforcement. The effects of contingency difficulty and incompatibility on rates suggests the need for further refinement in future studies.