cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Ways of Helping Underachievers

Locus of Control is central in teaching underachievers. We find areas where the child or adult and the tutor have control and develop these areas, spreading them over the areas where they feel either that they have lost control or have never been in control. Our modus operandi is a precise reversal of special education techniques. To use a military analogy we by-pass pockets of resistance and attack them from behind.
Sample Size Calculation for Simulation-Based Multiple-Testing Procedures

In this article, we present a simple method to calculate sample size and power for a simulation-based multiple testing procedure which gives a sharper critical value than the standard Bonferroni method. The method is especially useful when several highly correlated test statistics are involved in a multiple-testing procedure. The formula for sample size calculation will be useful in designing clinical trials with multiple endpoints or correlated outcomes. We illustrate our method with a quality-of-life study for patients with early stage prostate cancer. Our method can also be used for comparing multiple independent groups.
Personality Ratings: I. Reliability of Teachers' Ratings

* Received in the Editorial Office on December 11, 1936. 1 The first two parts of the study here reported were presented as a dissertation in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Minnesota in 1929. The writer is deeply indebted to Professor Donald G. Paterson for assistance in the formulation and preparation of this research.
Polyamines in cultured rabbit corneal cells

Purpose To determine whether polyamines are present in corneal cells, whether corneal cell polyamines can be depleted by blocking the first rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and whether polyamines are required for proliferation in all three corneal cell types. Methods Cultured corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells were exposed to the specific ODC blocker difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and ODC activity, intracellular polyamine concentrations, and cell proliferation were measured. Results DFMO blocked ODC activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in all three cell types. DFMO treatment completely depleted putrescine and spermidine by 2 days and also significantly depleted spermine. DFMO treatment also inhibited cell growth in all three cell types and this inhibition could be completely reversed by adding exogenous putrescine to the culture medium. Conclusions Polyamines are present in all cell types of the cornea, their formation is catalyzed at least in part by ODC, and they are an important component of corneal cell proliferation.
In vivo confocal microscopy through-focusing to measure corneal flap thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis

Abstract Purpose To measure flap thickness in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients using in vivo confocal microscopy through-focusing (CMTF) and compare measured versus intended flap thickness achieved by 2 microkeratomes, the Automated Corneal Shaper® (ACS) (Chiron Bausch & Lomb) and the Hansatome® (Bausch & Lomb). Setting Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA. Methods Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients were examined by in vivo CMTF 3 to 12 months after LASIK was performed with the ACS (12 patients) or Hansatome (15 patients) microkeratome. The central cornea was scanned, and the epithelium, flap, stroma, and total corneal thickness were measured. Normalized flap thickness (NFT) was also calculated to account for changes in epithelial thickness that may have occurred postoperatively. Results The mean posterior stromal thickness was 341.1 μm ± 53.9 (SD) (range 233 to 431 μm) in the ACS group and 320.3 ± 42.3 μm (range 258 to 382 μm) in the Hansatome group. The mean nonnormalized flap thickness was 132.7 ± 12.5 μm (range 11 to 151 μm) in the ACS group and 167.4 ± 21.4 μm (range 141 to 209 μm) in the Hansatome group. The NFT was 129.6 ± 9.5 μm and 158.4 ± 22.1 μm, respectively. Both microkeratomes cut significantly less than intended ( P P Conclusions A significant difference in precision was noted between the 2 microkeratomes. The findings emphasize the importance of performing thickness measurements and the usefulness of in vivo CMTF in making these determinations to ensure the safety and effectiveness of LASIK.
Topical application of artesunate on guinea pig allergic contact dermatitis.

Artesunate is derived from the Chinese medicinal herb qinghao. Many animal studies suggest that systemic artesunate has immunoregulatory activity. We investigated the effect of topical artesunate on contact sensitivity in guinea pigs sensitized with DNCB. Female hairless guinea pigs were used and the contact reaction graded by visual (5 point) score and erythema measured with a color analyzer. Topical artesunate inhibited the elicitation reaction of contact hypersensitivity when given at the 1st and 12th h after challenge (p 0.05). Artesunate had no effect on toxic (irritant) contact dermatitis from 20% croton oil (p > 0.05). The results indicate that topical application of artesunate may offer a novel treatment of allergic contact dermatitis and other cutaneous immune-mediated disorders.
Tribenzo[27]crown-9: A New Ring for Dibenzylammonium Rods

Dibenzylammonium (DBA+) ions thread through the cavity of tribenzo[27]crown-9 (TB27C9) to generate [2]pseudorotaxanes that are stabilized principally by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The stabilities and complexation kinetics associated with these pseudorotaxanes depend markedly on the nature of the substituents situated on the phenyl rings of the DBA+ ions. For example, the complex formed between TB27C9 and the DBA+ ion bearing electron-withdrawing p-CO2Me substituents is stronger than that obtained from TB27C9 and the “parent”, unsubstituted DBA+ ion itself. Furthermore, the “parent” complex equilibrates much more rapidly with its uncomplexed components than do the complexes generated from TB27C9 and substituted DBA+ ions.
Nanoscience and engineering in mechanics and materials

The transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the 21st century and the new economy. Mechanics and materials are essential elements in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics and materials, including nanomechanics, carbon nanotubes, bioinspired materials, coatings, fire-resistant materials as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed in this paper.
Permeable convection above magma bodies

Abstract Thermal convection above large shallow magma bodies in the crust is treated as a one-dimensional bottom-heated convection process in permeable media. Solutions for single-phase convection are briefly reviewed and a solution is developed for two-phase permeable convection in bottom-heated media. Heat flow measurement techniques are discussed for permeable geologic zones above magma bodies and these techniques give consistent results for solidifying lava lakes in Hawaii (Kilauea Iki, q=257 W/m2) and Iceland (Heimaey, q = 465 W/m2). The heat loss from a magma body is a strong function of the permeability when a two-phase convection zone occurs above the magma body, and the heat loss is independent of the thickness of the two-phase convection zone. In steady-state two-phase convection zones, where permeability does not vary appreciably with depth, convective heat flow restrictions tend to limit the maximum saturation temperatures at depth to around 250°C—an effect observed in many geothermal steam fields. A conduction-dominated transition zone tends to occur between the two-phase zone and the magma body and the thickness of this transition zone may easily range from a few meters to several kilometers, depending on the permeability.
Susceptibility to lupus nephritis in the NZB/W model system

Advances in genetic mapping have resulted in the identification of multiple lupus susceptibility loci in the NZB/W mouse model. The analysis of congenic strains carrying these loci is now providing functional data on their role in lupus pathogenesis and is paving the way to the identification of the susceptibility genes and their molecular characterization.
The use of acrylamide-agarose composite gels to measure relative rates of initiation of protein synthesis by eukaryotic mRNAs☆

Abstract A gel electrophoresis technique for determining the relative rates of recruitment of eukaryotic mRNAs into active protein synthesis complexes is described. This method utilizes acrylamide-agarose composite gels to resolve subribosomal, monosomal, and polysomal components present in rabbit reticulocytes. 3′-End-labeled mRNAs are added to a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system, and aliquots are removed for electrophoresis at different times following incubation. The rate of mRNA recruitment into the various active protein synthesis complexes is measured by quantitation of radioactivity present in the acrylamide-agarose gel bands as a function of time. The technique is illustrated by measuring the relative rate of initiation of rabbit α- and s-globin mRNAs. The data obtained show that s-globin mRNA initiates at twice the rate of α-globin mRNA. This result is in good qualitative agreement with the previously published conclusions of Lodish [2], which were obtained by the indirect method of measuring the relative rates of α- and s-globin protein synthesis.
Reply to Comment on “What Might This Be? Rediscovering the Rorschach as a Tool for Personnel Selection in Organizations” (Del Giudice, 2010)

In their commentary on my article (Del Giudice, 2010), Kottke, Olson, and Shultz (2010/this issue) articulated a number of important concerns about using the Rorschach for corporate leader selectio...
Materials for Control of Boll Weevils, Bollworms, and Tobacco Budworms on Cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi

When experimental insecticides were evaluated for control of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman; bollworms, Heliothis zea (Boddie); and tobacco budworms, H. virescens (F.), on cotton in field-plot tests at Stoneville, Miss. in 1969, CIBA C-9491 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate) and Velsicol VCS-506 ( O -(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O -methyl phenylphosphonothioate) applied as conventional emulsifiable concentrate sprays gave control of Hetiothis spp., primarily tobacco budworms, comparable to the standard treatment. Several other materials including formulations of Bacillus thutringiensis Berliner were less effective. Ultra low volume (½ gal or less/acre) sprays of EPN ( O -ethyl O-p -nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate), EPN + methyl parathion, malathion + methyl parathion, methyl parathion, and toxaphene + DDT + methyl parathion gave very good control of Hetiolhis . Control of the Heliothis resulted in increases in yield of as much as a bale of seed cotton/acre.
Ergonomics and human factors in endoscopic surgery: a comparison of manual vs telerobotic simulation systems

Background Minimally invasive surgical techniques expose surgeons to a variety of occupational hazards that may promote musculoskeletal disorders. Telerobotic systems for minimally invasive surgery may help to reduce these stressors. The objective of this study was to compare manual and telerobotic endoscopic surgery in terms of postural and mental stress.
Stochastic Estimation of the In-Place Dynamic Modulus for Asphalt Concrete Pavements

AbstractThe dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures is a key property in assessing asphalt pavement performance based on its role in the mechanistic-empirical design method. The dynamic modulus is also considered to be used as one of the major characteristics in performance-related specifications for quality assurance. However, no feasible method to estimate the mean and variance of the in-place dynamic modulus for the as-built asphalt pavement has been suggested. This paper presents a methodology of stochastically evaluating the in-place dynamic modulus of the as-built asphalt pavement using a relationship of in-place air voids and a set of single dynamic modulus values measured in the laboratory. The methodology was validated with asphalt mix collected from a construction site. The comparison plot between the estimated in-place dynamic modulus and as-designed asphalt mix demonstrated a simple way to evaluate the as-built mix quality. This methodology provides several practical advantages to determi...
Solvent structure in aqueous mixtures. III. Ionic conductances in ethanol-water mixtures at 10 and 25°C

Viscosities at 10 and 25°C and dielectric constants at 10°C are reported for ethanol-water mixtures. Precise transference numbers for KBr at 10°C were determined by the moving-boundary method for five solvent mixtures containing up to 20 mole % ethanol. Conductance measurements for the alkali halides and tetraalkylammonium bromides were carried out across the complete range of solvent composition at 25°C, but for the water-rich region only at 10°C. The resulting limiting ionic Walden products confirmed the conclusions arrived at from earlier measurements. The maxima occurring in the water-rich region cannot be attributed solely to a structure-breaking effect owing to the ionic size dependence which is in the wrong direction. The tetraalkylammonium ions in these mixtures do not exhibit an enhanced hydrophobic effect, nor do they appear to enhance structure of any kind. Rather, the addition of alcohol to an aqueous Bu4N+ solution merely reduces the magnitude of the hydrophobic effect, as illustrated by a steadily increasing Walden product in the water-rich region. A decrease in temperature has no effect on the Walden product for the Bu4N+ ion but increases the magnitude of the maxima for the alkali-metal and halide ions. These maxima are attributed to sorting of the solvent components by the ionic charge, due to an acid-base type interaction, so that the proportion of water in the ionic cospheres is greater than in the bulk solvents. The sorting effect is shown to be temperature independent. The oxyanions are shown to exhibit a behavior in these mixtures that cannot be identified at this time.
Some Clues about Near-Term Impact

It is argued that downloads may be useful as an indicators of the impacts journal articles make in their early years following publication. The 25 most-downloaded articles for the Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce for 2008 are presented. This gives some clues about foci of recent interests, and perhaps impacts, in the realm of multiparticipant computing.
Antiphase domains and etching of β-SiC

Abstract Antiphase boundaries (APBs) in CVD β-SiC have been studied using the NaOHKOH eutectic etch. The density of APBs diminishes with increasing layer thickness, and with increasing C/Si in the reactant gases. A chemical mass-action effect that reduces SiSi bond formation during growth may also decrease APB formation.
Fatty acid-based comonomers as styrene replacements in soybean and castor oil-based thermosetting polymers

In this study, a fatty acid-based comonomer is employed as a styrene replacement for the production of triglyceride-based thermosetting resins. Styrene is a hazardous pollutant and a volatile organic compound. Given their low volatility, fatty acid monomers, such as methacrylated lauric acid (MLA), are attractive alternatives in reducing or eliminating styrene usage. Different triglyceride-derived cross-linkers resins were produced for this purpose: acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), maleinated AESO (MAESO), maleinated soybean oil monoglyceride (SOMG/MA) and maleinated castor oil monoglyceride (COMG/MA). The mechanical properties of the bio-based polymers and the viscosities of bio-based resins were analyzed. The viscosities of the resins using MLA were higher than that of resins with styrene. Decreasing the content of MLA increased the glass transition temperature (Tg). In fact, the Tg of bio-based resin/MLA polymers were on the order of 60°C, which was significantly lower than the bio-based resin/styrene polymers. Ternary blends of SOMG/MA and COMG/MA with MLA and styrene improved the mechanical properties and reduced the resin viscosity to acceptable values. Lastly, butyrated kraft lignin was incorporated into the bio-based resins, ultimately leading to improved mechanical properties of this thermoset but with unacceptable increases in viscosity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An X-Band Ferroelectric Phase Shifter

An X-band electrically-tunable ferroelectric phase shifter has been constructed. The phase shifter is reciprocal and consists of a thin ferroelectric slab completely filling the transverse plane of a rectangular waveguide with suitable dielectric matching sections placed symmetrically about the slab forming a band-pass filter. Phase shift is controlled by applying a dc electric field to the ferroelectric. The measured characteristics of this device indicate that incremental phase shifts of 40/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/ are attainable over a bandwidth of 400 Mc centered about 9.3 kMc with insertion losses ranging from 2 to 6 db. Since the phase shifter does not require a magnetic field for operation, the device can be biased with inexpensive, light-weight equipment requiring negligible dc control power, and the response time can be expected to be fast.
Immigration, Exclusion, and Taxation: Anti-Chinese Legislation in Gold Rush California

Historical scholarship on the politics of nineteenth-century Chinese immigration emphasizes the interests of labor and management in the genesis of congressional legislation in 1882 that limited Chinese immigration into the United States. This article examines early state attempts at the exclusion of Chinese workers after the first major wave of Chinese immigration during the California Gold Rush. Opposition to exclusion occurred in California in the early 1850s because Chinese immigrants were important taxpayers when both the state and localities were experiencing major fiscal difficulties. State attempts to legislate exclusion were successful only after financial conditions improved in the late 1850s.
T-Cells Infiltrating Renal Cell Carcinoma Display a Poor Proliferative Response Even Though They Can Produce Interleukin 2 and Express Interleukin 2 Receptors

The fact that progressing tumors contain a significant infiltrate of T-cells brings into question the competency of the infiltrating T-lymphocytes (T-TIL). We have examined the role of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex and/or the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) in responsiveness of T-cells that infiltrate human renal cell carcinoma. T-TIL display a poor proliferative response to interleukin 2 (IL2) alone, IL2 in combination with antibody to CD3, or mitogen stimulation. The proliferative unresponsiveness was not related to low expression of CD3 or IL2R beta as the percentage of T-cells expressing CD3 and IL2R beta were comparable in both T-TIL and peripheral blood T-cells obtained from the same patient. In contrast to the lack of proliferative activity, stimulation of T-TIL or peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin or anti-CD3 resulted in comparable levels of both IL2 and gamma-interferon mRNA and protein expression. While levels of IL2R alpha were low in unstimulated T-TIL and peripheral blood lymphocytes, anti-CD3 antibody or IL2 were capable of inducing surface expression of this protein in both cell populations. IL2R alpha mRNA levels were comparable in T-cells from the tumor and peripheral blood although in some experiments both the percentage of IL2R alpha-positive cells and the density of surface expression per cell were reduced in T-TIL. This reduced IL2R alpha expression on T-TIL was not responsible for the proliferative unresponsiveness since T-TIL that expressed both IL2R alpha and/or IL2R beta still failed to respond to high doses of IL2. Thus T-TIL display a selective loss of response to at least two well defined extracellular stimuli. While T-TIL exhibit a poor proliferative response regardless of the form of stimulation these cells remain sensitive to both anti-CD3 and IL2 in terms of IL2 and gamma-interferon or IL2R alpha expression, respectively. The fact that proliferative unresponsiveness exists even though T-TIL can produce IL2 and express IL2R alpha/beta suggests that T-TIL have a selective loss of a common intracellular signaling pathway which is requisite to proliferation but not other aspects of response to antigenic stimulation.
Naturally Occurring Hydrogen Gas from a Borehole on the Western Flank of Nemaha Anticline in Kansas: ABSTRACT

Since August 1982, the CFA 1 Scott well in Sec. 20, T14S, R6E, Morris County, Kansas, located about 14 mi (23 km) south of Junction City, has yielded a gas composed of 50± 10% free hydrogen, 50± 10% nitrogen, and only traces of hydrocarbons. This analysis has been ascertained by gas chromatography and mass spectrography of samples taken over a period of 6 months. The reservoir rock is a "Kinderhook" sand from 2,176 to 2,196 ft (663 to 669 m) depth. The gas samples analyzed are accumulating in the head space above a fluid level (salt water) of 1,805 ft (550 m) from a bottom-hole depth of 2,197 ft (670 m). The Scott well is located on the western flank of the complexly faulted Nemaha anticline, updip from the central North American rift system and 30 mi (48 km) south of Riley County where serpentinized kimberlites occur. The geothermal gradient is 30°C/km (87° F/mi). Basement rock beneath the well is granite, probably overlying deeply buried magnetic rocks. Bulk composition of gas from the Scott well is similar to H2-rich gases issuing from hydrothermal vents at the 21°N site on the East Pacific Rise, and to certain gases occurring within the Zechstein strata of Poland. Mechanisms proposed by others to explain the origin of naturally occurring free hydrogen include: bacterial or inorganic decomposition of organic matter; bombardment of organic matter by radioactive decay products; high-temperature magmatic and volcanic processes; dissociation of H2O by low-temperature or metamorphic reactions involving sulfur species of the Fe+2 ^rarr Fe+3 redox half reaction (e.g., during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks), and mantle out-gassing of primordial reduced gases. For some wells, artificial production of H2 (e.g., oxidation of iron tools or pipe), also has been proposed to occur. Light, stable, isotope ratios (e.g., D/H, 18O/16O, and 15N/14N) may be distinctive suff ciently to rule out certain of the proposed H2-generating mechanisms. No single mechanism is responsible solely for generating this H2-rich gas from the Scott well; rather, a combination of fortuitous geologic and possibly biologic processes are contributing in various proportions to the production of the H2 and N2. Conceivably, the local geologic setting merely is circumstantial and unrelated to the genesis of the gases. However, in view of its spatial association with the central North American rift zone, a major geologic feature with similarity to the East Pacific Rise, the Kansas gas occurrence warrants additional study. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1324------------
Neighbourhood affects a plant's risk of herbivory and subsequent success.

1. It is generally assumed that growing in proximity to sources of nectar will benefit plants by attracting predators and parasites that reduce herbivore loads. 2. This paper documents patterns of hornworm Manduca quinquemaculata abundance on wild tobacco plants Nicotiana attenuata. Observations suggested that several plant traits were associated with hornworm eggs and larvae. 3. Hornworms were more likely to be found on large tobacco plants. 4. Hornworms were more likely to be found on tobacco plants with flowering Eriastrum densifolium neighbours. 5. Experimental removal of neighbouring Eriastrum densifolium flowers or whole plants reduced hornworm damage to tobacco plants in neighbourhoods with E. densifolium. The effects of these manipulations were not found to increase reproductive success of neighbouring tobacco plants, although tobacco reproduction was reduced where M. quinquemaculata was abundant. 6. These results suggest that close proximity to nectar resources could decrease plant fitness.
The evolution of geriatric neuropsychiatry

ISSN 1479-6708 Future Neurology (2014) 9(3), 269–272 Q What initially sparked your interest in aging health & specifically the psychiatric & psychological issues? I gradually developed an interest in geriatric neuropsychiatry as a challenging opportunity to combine the fields of neurology and psychiatry during my medical school, almost 30 years ago. This combination offered a window into the brain function prior to the development of sophisticated neuroimaging. Dementing illnesses and stroke localization, or the localization of brain tumors allowed understanding of the structure and function of the affected brain parts. Although diagnosis in behavioral neurology has been focused on the localization of a lesion, neuroscience has moved significantly in the last 5–10 years to broaden the understanding of brain circuitry, connectivity and neuroplasticity. In my current work, I find a particular pleasure in finding solutions to enhancing brain function and neuroplasticity via developing and testing new interventions based on neuroscientific developments, and documenting change in the brain function and mind–body expressions.
Depositional Influences in Sandstone Diagenesis of Lower Cretaceous Hosston Formation, Marion and Walthall Counties, Mississippi: ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Poor reservoir quality is a significant impediment to exploration success in the deep Hosston gas/condensate trend of south-central Mississippi. Regionally, depositional lithology of the Hosston exerts significant influence on cementation and porosity reduction. The primary variables are depositional carbonate content, quartz sand-grain size, and the presence of matrix clay. Feldspar content is a variable of lesser significance. In Hosston fluvial and deltaic facies, carbonate content is low, and coarser sediments are present in channel sandstones. These coarser sandstones preserve commercial porosities, whereas finer-grained and shaley sandstones offer marginal porosities. Quartz overgrowths, pressure solution, and authigenic kaolinite are responsible for most diagenetic porosity reduction in this facies. In Hosston marine, prodeltaic sandstones, depositional carbonate is more common. Carbonate cements, dominantly ankerite and dolomite, are recrystallized from shell fragments and carbonate grains to occlude porosity. Quartz overgrowths, pressure solution, and stylolitization are also common in these finer sandstones. In distal, marine shelf sandstones, depositional carbonate is abundant, and quartz sand is very fine-grained. Porosities are very low in this lithofacies because of pervasive early carbonate cementation and later quartz overgrowths in intervals not cemented by carbonate. The first stage of Hosston sandstone diagenesis was early calcite or quartz cementation. Calcite was later replaced by ankerite or dolomite. Deeper burial initiated plagioclase feldspar dissolution and the development of pore-filling kaolinite. Hydrocarbons subsequently accumulated in structural and stratigraphic closures and retarded further diagenetic porosity reduction in these sandstones. Deeper burial caused thermal degradation of oil reservoirs to dry gas and pyrobitumen. Minor galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and barite are present in open, tensional fractures, associated with stylolites and as intergranular cements. These sulfides and sulfates were probably precipitated from metalliferous brines common in the Hosston.
Crystalline Thorium Borate

Crystalline thorium borate (ThB2O5) has been synthesized by the reaction of thoria with boric oxide at elevated temperatures; crystals of size suitable for single-crystal X-ray studies were grown in molten boric oxide at 1300°C. Crystallographic, chemical, and some physical properties of thorium borate crystals are presented as well as the results of a preliminary phase study of the system ThO2-B2O3. Amorphous thorium borate gel, formed by reaction of aqueous solutions of borax and thorium nitrate, is transformed into crystalline thorium borate and thoria on firing at elevated temperatures. Boric oxide does not appear to react with either zirconium oxide or uranium dioxide to form any crystalline compounds. The fact that uranium dioxide does not react with boric oxide, but thoria does, affords a basis for effecting a chemical separation of the two oxides from thoria-urania solid solutions. Preliminary data on the reactions between boric oxide and different thoria-urania solid solutions are given.
Burger on Miller: Obscene Effects and the Filth of a Nation

This article examines U.S. Supreme Court Justice Warren Burger's majority opinions in the Miller obscenity cases from a critical media studies perspective. Three primary assumptions common to a direct effects, transmission model of communication are identified as guiding Burger's opinions in these cases: (a) Mediated communication exerts a powerful influence over its audience; (b) it can affect audiences uniformly; and (c) halting the message at its source will protect the people from its negative effects. The implications of the Chief Justice's subscription to a direct effects model are discussed, with particular emphasis on their relevance for communication scholars and practitioners.
Decentralized operation of distributed UPS systems

This paper presents the decentralized operation of an interconnected network of multiple units of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The main aspect of decentralized operation is that the control of individual UPS units is based on local measurements only, and there is no data communication across the interconnected network. Also, special attention is given to achieving a single operating mode of controller operation, regardless of changes in the network configuration. The main emphasis of this paper is on the implementation of a decentralized control system for an experimental distributed UPS system. Operating results from the distributed system are presented and discussed.
Population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes on Lake Victoria islands, west Kenya.

Background Understanding the genetic structure of island Anopheles gambiae populations is important for the current tactics in mosquito control and for the proposed strategy using genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMM). Genetically-isolated mosquito populations on islands are a potential site for testing GMM. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic structure of A. gambiae populations on the islands in Lake Victoria, western Kenya.
Logarithmic integrals, interpolation bounds, and performance limitations in MIMO feedback systems

We study performance limitation issues found in linear multivariable feedback systems. Our main contributions include Bode and Poisson type integral inequalities and performance limits for the sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions. These results characterize and quantify explicitly how open-loop unstable poles and nonminimum phase zeros may impose inherent limitations on feedback design and fundamental limits on the best achievable performance. The role of time delay is also studied in this context. Most notably, we show that the performance and design limitations in multivariable systems intrinsically depend on the locations as well as directions of unstable poles and nonminimum phase zeros, and in particular, on how pole and zero directions are aligned. The latter is characterized by angles measuring the mutual orientation between zero and pole directions, and it is shown to play a crucial role in multivariable system design.
Rac1 Leads to Phosphorylation-dependent Increase in Stability of the p66shc Adaptor Protein: Role in Rac1-induced Oxidative Stress

The rac1 GTPase and the p66shc adaptor protein regulate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examined the relationship between rac1 and p66shc. Expression of constitutively active rac1 (rac1V12) increased phosphorylation, reduced ubiquitination, and increased stability of p66shc protein. Rac1V12-induced phosphorylation and up-regulation of p66shc was suppressed by inhibiting p38MAPK and was dependent on serine 54 and threonine 386 in p66shc. Phosphorylation of recombinant p66shc by p38MAPK in vitro was also partly dependent on serine 54 and threonine 386. Reconstitution of p66shc in p66shc-null fibroblasts increased intracellular ROS generated by rac1V12, which was significantly dependent on the integrity of residues 54 and 386. Overexpression of p66shc increased rac1V12-induced apoptosis, an effect that was also partly dependent on serine 54 and threonine 386. Finally, RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of endogenous p66shc suppressed rac1V12-induced cell death. These findings identify p66shc as a mediator of rac1-induced oxidative stress. In addition, they suggest that serine 54 and threonine 386 are novel phosphorylatable residues in p66shc that govern rac1-induced increase in its expression, through a decrease in its ubiquitination and degradation, and thereby mediate rac1-stimulated cellular oxidative stress and death.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND INTIMATE PARTNER AGGRESSION: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTISITE, CROSS‐GENDER ANALYSIS

Although research has consistently shown that men and women use intimate partner aggression (IPA) at approximately equal rates, there is little empirical research on whether the predictors of IPA are the same for men and women. The current study investigated whether borderline personality (BP) differentially predicted the use of IPA for men and women across 67 university sites from around the world. Results showed that BP predicted several forms of IPA and that gender did not moderate the association between IPA and BP. Although the strength of the association between IPA and BP significantly differed across sites, it was in the predicted direction for the overwhelming majority of sites. Implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Avian Use of Rural Roadsides with Cattail (Typha spp.)

ABSTRACT We surveyed 30 roadsides in North Dakota's Prairie Pothole Region for birds and active nests between May and July 2001–2002. Each roadside transect was 1608 m and had ≥200 linear meters of standing cattail (Typha spp.). We recorded 45 bird species; four species of Icteridae dominated the avifauna. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were both the most abundant species and most abundant nester, averaging 53 birds/10 ha (se = 7.7) and 30 nests/10 ha (se = 9.7). Among non-icterid species, song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) ranked first and second consecutively in 2001 and 2002. Canonical correspondence analyses of species compositions indicated that species abundance was related to two roadside variables, length and water depth of cattail stands. Cattails added habitat diversity and acceptable conditions for wetland-dwelling avian species not typically found in rural roadsides outside of the Prairie Pothole Region. We documented use of roadsides by ...
Homologous recombination in Nannochloropsis: A powerful tool in an industrially relevant alga

The availability of facile methods for targeted gene knockout and gene replacement based on homologous recombination in bacteria and yeast systems has driven rapid progress in understanding many of the complex metabolic and regulatory networks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The lack of such tools in other organisms is a major impediment to progress both in fundamental research and in research that is directed toward practical economic and societal outcomes. For example, the current goal to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources produced by plants and algae is hampered in both the short term and the long term by our limited knowledge of their metabolic systems and how they can be modified to create organisms that produce more and better energy-rich molecules. Thus, the report in PNAS by Kilian et al. (1) of efficient and reliable genetic transformation of the commercially important alga, Nannochloropsis, via homologous recombination is a significant step forward.
A* Lasso for Learning a Sparse Bayesian Network Structure for Continuous Variables

We address the problem of learning a sparse Bayesian network structure for continuous variables in a high-dimensional space. The constraint that the estimated Bayesian network structure must be a directed acyclic graph (DAG) makes the problem challenging because of the huge search space of network structures. Most previous methods were based on a two-stage approach that prunes the search space in the first stage and then searches for a network structure satisfying the DAG constraint in the second stage. Although this approach is effective in a low-dimensional setting, it is difficult to ensure that the correct network structure is not pruned in the first stage in a high-dimensional setting. In this paper, we propose a single-stage method, called A* lasso, that recovers the optimal sparse Bayesian network structure by solving a single optimization problem with A* search algorithm that uses lasso in its scoring system. Our approach substantially improves the computational efficiency of the well-known exact methods based on dynamic programming. We also present a heuristic scheme that further improves the efficiency of A* lasso without significantly compromising the quality of solutions. We demonstrate our approach on data simulated from benchmark Bayesian networks and real data.
Evidence for dysregulation of genome-wide recombination in oocytes with nondisjoined chromosomes 21

In oocytes with nondisjoined chromosomes 21 due to a meiosis I (MI) error, recombination is significantly reduced along chromosome 21; several lines of evidence indicate that this contributes to the nondisjunction event. A pilot study found evidence that these oocytes also have reduced recombination genome-wide when compared with controls. This suggests that factors that act globally may be contributing to the reduced recombination on chromosome 21, and hence, the nondisjunction event. To identify the source of these factors, we examined two levels of recombination count regulation in oocytes: (i) regulation at the maternal level that leads to correlation in genome-wide recombination across her oocytes and (ii) regulation at the oocyte level that leads to correlation in recombination count among the chromosomes of an oocyte. We sought to determine whether either of these properties was altered in oocytes with an MI error. As it relates to maternal regulation, we found that both oocytes with an MI error (N = 94) and their siblings (N = 64) had reduced recombination when compared with controls (N = 2723). At the oocyte level, we found that the correlation in recombination count among the chromosomes of an oocyte is reduced in oocytes with MI errors compared with that of their siblings or controls. These results suggest that regulation at the maternal level predisposes MI error oocytes to reduced levels of recombination, but additional oocyte-specific dysregulation contributes to the nondisjunction event.
Avoiding Awkward Alchemy in the Off-Label Drug Context and Beyond: Fully-Protected Independent Research Should Not Transmogrify into Mere Commercial Speech Just Because Product Manufacturers Distribute it

Characterizing speech as either non-commercial (and thus meriting full constitutional protection against content-based regulation) or commercial (and entitled to ?mere? intermediate scrutiny) has long been a theoretically vexing, yet practically critical facet of First Amendment commercial speech analysis. Recent attempts by the Food and Drug Administration and Congress to regulate dissemination of independent scientific research to physicians who might prescribe drugs for ?off-label? (non-FDA-approved) uses pose an especially intriguing conundrum. In both its original form and as re-published by any party other than a pharmaceutical manufacturer, the off-label drug research clearly falls into the category of fully-protected non-commercial speech. However, the federal district judge who ruled on the constitutionality of federal off-label restrictions in 1998 and 1999 opinions concluded that independent scientific research transmogrifies into only partially-protected commercial speech when the same research is transmitted by a drug company. This Article analyzes the proper characterization of independent research dissemination by product manufacturers such as pharmaceutical makers. After synthesizing 20-plus years of meandering Supreme Court guidance and lower court confusion and innovation, the Article argues that none of the extant formulations justifies a ?commercial? characterization for manufacturer dissemination. Moreover, the Article shows that placing such speech in the commercial category violates long-standing First Amendment principles against penalizing speakers for their economic identity or motive. The Article advocates strict First Amendment scrutiny when government regulates manufacturers distributing independent third party research; the Article ends by offering solutions to practical problems that may arise from this constitutionally appropriate non-commercial label. Although the off-label drug controversy and resulting federal district court opinions are significant in themselves, the Article also employs them as a particularly apt lens through which to observe broader phenomena, such as continued nagging uncertainty in commercial speech analysis and the ongoing power of skepticism about economic motivation to sidetrack judicial analysts.
A comprehensive adolescent maternity program in a community hospital.

A comprehensive program for pregnant adolescent patients has existed at Children's Hospital of San Francisco. Since May, 1967, it has offered a program serving the academic, medical, psychological, and social needs of the young girl during her pregnancy. Descriptive and correlative data have been obtained regarding the 212 pregnancies of 204 patients who were 18 years of age or less. The study includes data about the patients, their pregnancies and outcome, and their babies following delivery, as well as comparisons of the patients in the comprehensive program as compared with those only followed in the obstetrics clinic.
What Lawyers Need to Know About Cloud Computing Master and Service Level Agreements

Chapter Eight provide a practice tips for coping with cloud computing. Cloud computing is an on-demand computing paradigm where clients remotely access software applications and data available over the Internet. Cloud computing includes the use of Internet-based computing, storage and connectivity for a variety of different services. A cloud provider’s virtualization infrastructure assessment provides end-to-end views of existing resources, including servers (both physical and virtual), applications and storage. Chapter 8 is from Michael L. Rustad's Software Licensing (2015 edition).
Chemical modification fo aqueous solutions via direct injections of plasma activated species

Summary form only given. We construct low power (<50 W) atmospheric pressure plasma jet (AAPJ) that operates in a DC mode. We subsequently characterize the optical emission spectra from the AAPJ discharge for a variety of feed gases and vapors such as He, Ne, N2, Ar, O2, CH3OH vapor, Air/H2O vapor. We then use the AAPJ as a direct injection source of plasma activated species into several aqueous solutions. We report the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in deionized water. We also present the results of the direct injection of plasma activated species as a method for discoloration of organic dyes and discuss further chemical and industrial applications of this technique, as well as suggest other possible applications of the direct injection process.
Intermittent hypoxia in rats reduces activation of Ca2+ sparks in mesenteric arteries

Ca(+) sparks are vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) Ca(2+)-release events that are mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyR) and promote vasodilation by activating large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels and inhibiting myogenic tone. We have previously reported that exposing rats to intermittent hypoxia (IH) to simulate sleep apnea augments myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries through loss of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced dilation. Because we also observed that H2S can increase Ca(2+) spark activity, we hypothesized that loss of H2S after IH exposure reduces Ca(2+) spark activity and that blocking Ca(2+) spark generation reduces H2S-induced dilation. Ca(2+) spark activity was lower in VSMC of arteries from IH compared with sham-exposed rats. Furthermore, depolarizing VSMC by increasing luminal pressure (from 20 to 100 mmHg) or by elevating extracellular [K(+)] increased spark activity in VSMC of arteries from sham rats but had no effect in arteries from IH rats. Inhibiting endogenous H2S production in sham arteries prevented these increases. NaHS or phosphodiesterase inhibition increased spark activity to the same extent in sham and IH arteries. Depolarization-induced increases in Ca(2+) spark activity were due to increased sparks per site, whereas H2S increases in spark activity were due to increased spark sites per cell. Finally, inhibiting Ca(2+) spark activity with ryanodine (10 μM) enhanced myogenic tone in arteries from sham but not IH rats and blocked dilation to exogenous H2S in arteries from both sham and IH rats. Our results suggest that H2S regulates RyR activation and that H2S-induced dilation requires Ca(2+) spark activation. IH exposure decreases endogenous H2S-dependent Ca(2+) spark activation to cause membrane depolarization and enhance myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries.
Pilot Comparison of ⁶⁸Ga-RM2 PET and ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-(Ahx)-[68Ga(HBED-CC)] (68Ga-PSMA-11) is a PET tracer that can detect prostate cancer relapses and metastases by binding to the extracellular domain of PSMA. 68Ga-labeled DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (68Ga-RM2) is a synthetic bombesin receptor antagonist that targets gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. We present pilot data on the biodistribution of these PET tracers in a small cohort of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Methods: Seven men (mean age ± SD, 74.3 ± 5.9 y) with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer underwent both 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI scans. SUVmax and SUVmean were recorded for normal tissues and areas of uptake outside the expected physiologic biodistribution. Results: All patients had a rising level of prostate-specific antigen (mean ± SD, 13.5 ± 11.5) and noncontributory results on conventional imaging. 68Ga-PSMA-11 had the highest physiologic uptake in the salivary glands and small bowel, with hepatobiliary and renal clearance noted, whereas 68Ga-RM2 had the highest physiologic uptake in the pancreas, with renal clearance noted. Uptake outside the expected physiologic biodistribution did not significantly differ between 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-RM2; however, 68Ga-PSMA-11 localized in a lymph node and seminal vesicle in a patient with no abnormal 68Ga-RM2 uptake. Abdominal periaortic lymph nodes were more easily visualized by 68Ga-RM2 in two patients because of lack of interference by radioactivity in the small intestine. Conclusion:68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-RM2 had distinct biodistributions in this small cohort of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Additional work is needed to understand the expression of PSMA and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in different types of prostate cancer.