cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal density functional calculation of gas phase heats of formation

Abstract : A general procedure is presented for computing the gas phase heats of formation of a wide variety of organic compounds. Delta E for the formation. of the molecule from its elements at O deg K is obtained from density functional calculations (Gaussian 92/DFT) for optimized geometries. This result is converted to delta H at 298 deg K by assuming ideal behavior and adding the translational, rotational and vibrational energies. Additive correction terms corresponding to the various coordination states of the carbons, nitrogens and oxygens were developed using a data base of 54 compounds. The experimental delta h deg sub f values of these compounds are then reproduced with an average absolute error of 3 kcal/mole and a standard deviation of 4 kcal/mole. For a group of ten test cases that were not part of the data base, the average absolute error is 3.5 kcal/mole and the standard deviation is 4.1 kcal/mole. Gas phase heats of formation, Density functional calculations, Organic compounds.
Molecular springs and muscles: Progress toward augmented electromechanical actuation*

The application of 3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-bithiophene as a helical scaffold capable of electrochemical polymerization to yield the corresponding polythiophene is reported. One unique feature of this monomer is its theoretically predicted (DFT) ability to mimic redox- stimulated contraction and expansion. This ability, coupled with traditional electromechani- cal actuation properties of bulk, redox-active conjugated polymers (CPs), yields a polymeric "molecular muscle" capable of both contraction and expansion.
A micro-machined approach to optical interconnect

This paper describes several innovative optical modulator devices for reconfigurable free-space interconnect, in an effort to demonstrate both the technology limitations and the performance advantages available via this application of microelectromechanical systems.
Immobilized Glucose Isomerase on DEAE Cellulose Beads

Purified glucose isomerase from Actinoplanes missouriensis was immobilized on porous DEAE-cellulose beads by simple adsorption. The immobilized glucose isomerase retained over 70% of its original activity. The hinderance of immobilized enzyme activity due to pore diffusion and film diffusion was insignificant with the bead size at 35 mesh or smaller. The relative substrate flow rate can be kept at 0.04 cm/s or higher. The optimum pH of the imobilized enzyme did not change, however, the optimum pH range became broader. The broader pH profile indicated that immobilized enzymes are less sensitive to pH change in the substrate. The half life of the immobilized enzyme was at around 1,000 h at 60°C. Cobalt ions are not required for enzyme stability. The cost of using immobilized enzyme on DEAE cellulose beads should be less be than that of the whole cell immobilization system due primarily to the fact that DEAE-cellulose beads are reusable for immobilization as well as for enzyme purification. Auf DEAE-Celluloseperten immobilisierte Glucoseisomerase Gereinigte Glucoseisomerase aus Actinoplanes missouriensis, wurde durch einfache Adsorption auf porosen DEAE-Celluloseperlen immobilisiert. Die immobilisierte Glucoseisomerase behielt uber 70% ihrer ursprunglichen Aktivitat. Die Behinderung der immobili-sierten Enzymaktivitat durch Poren- und Filmdiffusion war bei einem Perlendurchmesser von 35 Maschen oder geringer unbedeutend. Die relative Fliesgeschwindigkeit kann bei 0,04 cm/s oder hoher gehalten werden. Das optimale pH des immobilisierten Enzyms anderte sich nicht, aber der optimale pH-Bereich wurde breiter. Das breitere pH-Profil deutete darauf hin, das immobilisierte Enzyme gegenuber pH-Anderungen weniger empfindlich sind. Die Halbwertzeit des immobilisierten Enzyms betrug bei 60°C etwa 1 000 h. Kobaltionen sind fur die Stabilitat des Enzyms nicht erforderlich. Die Kosten fur die Verwendung von auf DEAE-Celluloseperlen immobilisiertem Enzym sollten niedriger sein als bei dem vollstandigen Zellimmobilisierungssystem, wenn man berucksichtigt, das DEAE-Celluloseperlen sowohl fur die Immobilisierung als auch fur die Reinigung des Enzyms wiederverwendet werden konnen.
Socio-political response to land based wind power and the manifestation of the response via the internet

Understanding the reaction of the general public to wind farms has been a topic that has been analyzed by a variety of researchers. This paper will review some of the studies previously conducted on public opinion and the proposed mechanisms that affect such opinion. The explosion of the Internet is one area of the field that has not been analyzed in any methodical way. There are many anti-wind power web sites now in existence worldwide. A sampling of such anti-wind power web sites is conducted here as well as an analysis of the claims against wind power that these web sites profess. Based on the content of these web sites one has to question whether a new methodology needs to be developed to deal with the fear being generated in the public by these web sites.
Participatory design of a health informatics system for rural health practitioners and disadvantaged women

While advances in highly targeted therapies and increased use of mammogram services have contributed to the overall decline of breast cancer deaths in the United States, these benefits have not been distributed equitably. Less educated, poor, rural, non-Hispanic African American women have poorer access to cancer services and are less likely to have had a mammogram than are urban women. Lack of physician recommendations and perceived barriers in accessing diagnostic services are major factors that hinder the uptake of regular mammograms in rural communities. This article reports results of formative research conducted as part of a larger study focused on the participatory development of an electronic reminder system for breast cancer screening. The article discusses insights gained from focus groups with rural patients and clinicians about their information needs, breast cancer screening behaviors, barriers to care, and mammography referral practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Passive Decomposition Approach to Formation and Maneuver Control of Multiple Rigid Bodies

A passive decomposition framework for the formation and maneuver controls for multiple rigid bodies is proposed. In this approach, the group dynamics of the multiple agents is decomposed into two decoupled systems: The shape system representing internal group formation shape (formation, in short), and the locked system abstracting the overall group maneuver as a whole (maneuver, in short). The decomposition is natural in that the shape and locked systems have dynamics similar to the mechanical systems, and the total energy is preserved. The shape and locked system can be decoupled without the use of net energy. The decoupled shape and locked systems can be controlled individually to achieve the desired formation and maneuver tasks. Since all agents are given equal status, the proposed scheme enforces a group coherence among the agents. By abstracting a group maneuver by its locked system whose dynamics is similar to that of a single agent, a hierarchical control structure for the multiple agents can be easily imposed in the proposed framework. A decentralized version of the controller is also proposed, which requires only undirected line communication (or sensing) graph topology.
Leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas

Background This is a single case report of a rare tumour, pancreatic leiomyosarcoma. Case outline A 44-year-old woman presented with a painless epigastric mass, and CT scan showed a cystic lesion of the head of pancreas. An associated epigastric mass was found to be a lipoma. Pancreatoduodenectomy was successfully performed. Pathology revealed leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas. The patient is well and free of disease four years later. Discussion Leiomyosarcomas of the pancreas can present with abdominal pain, weight loss and abdominal mass. However, a certain number of tumours will be discovered incidentally and may be cystic in nature. This patient had no antecedent history of gallstones or alcohol and underwent a curative resection.
Multimodal human behavior analysis: learning correlation and interaction across modalities

Multimodal human behavior analysis is a challenging task due to the presence of complex nonlinear correlations and interactions across modalities. We present a novel approach to this problem based on Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) and Multi-view Hidden Conditional Random Fields (MV-HCRF). Our approach uses a nonlinear kernel to map multimodal data to a high-dimensional feature space and finds a new projection of the data that maximizes the correlation across modalities. We use a multi-chain structured graphical model with disjoint sets of latent variables, one set per modality, to jointly learn both view-shared and view-specific sub-structures of the projected data, capturing interaction across modalities explicitly. We evaluate our approach on a task of agreement and disagreement recognition from nonverbal audio-visual cues using the Canal 9 dataset. Experimental results show that KCCA makes capturing nonlinear hidden dynamics easier and MV-HCRF helps learning interaction across modalities.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD ON SIZE AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE NORTHERN GOSHAWKS

In 1992 and 1993, 28 Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentills) broods in north- central New Mexico were used in a supplemental-feeding experiment to determine if there was a causal relationship between food availability and survival of young goshawks. We randomly assigned 28 nests as treatments or controls. Every two days (from hatching (late April) until juvenile dispersal (mid-October)) we visited control nest stands and provided food at treatment nest stands. We measured morphological characteristics and attached tarsal- mounted transmitters with mortality switches to 42 nestling Northern Goshawks when they were 21 days old. In both 1992 and 1993, we relocated birds via telemetry every other day until mid-August. We located birds at least once a week from mid-August until mid-October in 1992, and until late-November 1993. There were no significant differences in nestling size. Treatment birds had a significantly higher survival rate during the nestling period in 1993, but not in 1992. Because most control nestlings died from predation, we attribute higher nestling survival to increased time spent in nest stands by adult females, whose presence probably deterred predators. Received 25 April 1995, accepted 20 August 1995.
Moving the Middle Ahead Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainability in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio

Sustainable development came onto the American planning scene with a flourish in the 1990s. It was hailed as the new planning paradigm, and cases began appearing in the literature that highlighted communities making progress toward sustainability. Noticeably absent from the literature, however, has been an examination of whether the concept is resonating across the rest of the country, and if so, how. This study attempts to address that deficiency through a survey of planning directors across municipalities and counties in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio. Findings of the study indicate that a general familiarity with the concept of sustainable development exists but that it has not been accepted as a new or different standard for planning practice.
Microscopic geometry changes of a direct-injection diesel injector nozzle due to abrasive flow machining and a numerical investigation of its effects on engine performance and emissions

The geometric effects of the abrasive flow machining (AFM), a surface finishing process, on a direct-injection diesel fuel injector nozzle are studied and characterized in this study. To measure the microscopic variations inside the nozzle, before and after the AFM pro- cess, several different geometry characterization techniques are used. Empirical correlations that relate nozzle geometrical changes to the AFM process period are derived from the measure- ments. The resulting impact of the geometric changes of the nozzle on the engine performance and emissions are also assessed with a numerical engine cycle simulation model that is based on a quasi-dimensional multi-zone diesel spray combustion model. This study shows that properly AFM-processed injectors can enhance the engine perform- ance and improve the emissions due to the improved quality of the nozzle characteristics. How- ever, extended process can also cause the enlargement of the nozzle as a side effect and this can adversely affect emissions. Since the enlargement of the nozzle is unavoidable, yet must be minimized, strict control over the process is required. This control can be enforced by either limiting the AFM process, or properly preparing the initial nozzle diameter so as to accommo- date the inevitable changes of nozzle geometry.
Twice the negativity bias and half the positivity offset: Evaluative responses to emotional information in depression.

Abstract Background and objectives Humans have the dual capacity to assign a slightly pleasant valence to neutral stimuli (the positivity offset) to encourage approach behaviors, as well as to assign a higher negative valence to unpleasant images relative to the positive valence to equally arousing and extreme pleasant images (the negativity bias) to facilitate defensive strategies. We conducted an experimental psychopathology study to examine the extent to which the negativity bias and the positivity offset differ in participants with and without major depression.. Method Forty-one depressed and thirty-six healthy participants were evaluated using a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, questionnaires, and a computerized task designed to measure implicit affective responses to unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant stimuli. Results The negativity bias was significantly higher and the positivity offset was significantly lower in depressed relative to healthy participants.. Limitations Entry criteria enrolling medication-free participants with minimal DSM-IV comorbidity may limit generalizability of the findings. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of the positive and negative valence systems in depression, highlighting the irregularities in the positive valence system..
The discounting-by-interruptions hypothesis: model and experiment

Experimental animals often prefer small but immediate rewards even when larger-delayed rewards provide a higher rate of intake. This impulsivity has important implications for models of foraging and cooperation. Behavioral ecologists have hypothesized that animals discount delayed rewards because delay imposes a collection risk. According to this long-standing hypothesis, delay reduces value because an interruption that occurs while an animal is waiting may prevent it from collecting the delayed reward. Although there have been many experimental demonstrations of animal preferences for immediacy, none have included any interruptions. This paper develops a simple model of discounting by interruptions and then tests this model experimentally. The model considers the effects of interruption rate and duration on choice behavior. The experiment tests the effects of interruptions on the choice behavior of captive blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) using a factorial design that manipulates the rate and duration of interruptions. The results do not support the discounting-by-interruptions hypothesis. This represents one of several lines of evidence suggesting that investigators should seek alternative explanations of the animal impulsivity.
dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Prevents Neuronal Cell Death after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via the JNK Pathway

DL-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) has shown cytoprotective effects in animal models of stroke and has passed clinical trials as a therapeutic drug for stroke in China. Hence, as a potential clinical treatment for stroke, understanding the mechanism(s) of action of NBP is essential. This investigation aimed to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanism of NBP protection in neuronal cultures and in the ischemic brain. NBP (10 μM) attenuated serum deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cortical neuronal cultures. Adult male 129S2/sv mice were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). NBP (100 mg/kg, i.p.) administrated 2 hrs before or 1 hr after ischemia reduced ischemia-induced infarct formation, attenuated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation in the ischemic brain. TUNEL-positive cells and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the penumbra region were reduced by NBP. The proapoptotic signaling mediated by phospho-JNK and p38 expression was downregulated by NBP treatment in vitro and in vivo. It is suggested that NBP protects against ischemic damage via multiple mechanisms including mitochondria associated caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Previous and current studies and recent clinical trials encourage exploration of NBP as a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Flexible Spectrum and Power Allocation for OFDM Unlicensed Wireless Systems

Future generations of communication systems will benefit from cognitive radio technology, which significantly improves the efficient usage of the finite radio spectrum resource. In this paper we present a wireless unlicensed system that successfully coexists with the licensed systems in the same spectrum range. The proposed unlicensed system determines the level of signals and noise in each frequency band and properly adjusts the spectrum and power allocations subject to rate constraints. It employs orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and distributes each transmitted bit energy over all the bands using a novel concept of bit spectrum patterns. A distributed optimization problem is formulated as a dynamic selection of spectrum patterns and power allocations that are better suited to the available spectrum range without degrading the licensed system performance. Bit spectrum patterns are designed based on a normalized gradient approach and the transmission powers are minimized for a predefined quality of service (QoS). At the optimal equilibrium point, the receiver that employs a conventional correlation operation with the replica of the transmitted signal will have the same efficiency as the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver in the presence of noise and licensed systems. Additionally, the proposed approach maximizes the unlicensed system capacity for the optimal spectrum and power allocations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulations.
Nutrient-Rich Foods: Applying Nutrient Navigation Systems to Improve Public Health

: The American diet is high in calories, but low in nutrients. To help consumers obtain more nutrition from the calories they consume, research is underway to develop a nutrient profiling approach that can be used to evaluate individual foods and help people build healthful diets. A nutrient profiling system that rates individual foods based on their nutrient content needs to be both science-driven and user-friendly, allowing consumers to make more healthful food choices within and across all the food groups. A recent survey, commissioned by the Nutrient Rich Food Coalition, reveals that the majority of consumers and nutrition professionals believe that better information about a food's total combined nutrient content would be effective and useful in helping them make more nutrient-rich food choices.
A case of acute onset succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: neuroimaging findings and literature review

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism, leading to elevated levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-hydroxybutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid. We describe the neuroimaging findings of a previously healthy 6-month-old girl with acute onset of lethargy, hypotonia, and choreiform movements, and a subsequent diagnosis of SSADH deficiency. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed symmetric T2 hyperintense signal abnormalities and reduced diffusivity of the globus pallidi bilaterally. Arterial spin-labeling perfusion MR imaging suggested bilateral hyperperfusion of the globus pallidi. MR spectroscopy of the thalamus and frontal lobe white matter revealed increased signal intensity in the glutamate and glutamine region of the spectra between 2.1 and 2.4 ppm. The unique early imaging findings described here may be attributable to bioenergetic failure and deficiency in mitochondrial energy metabolism and are consistent with SSADH-knockout mice studies.
Surfactant Removal Study for Nano-Scale ${\rm SmCo}_{5}$ Powder Prepared by High Energy Ball Milling

In the present study, nano-flake SmCo5 powders with typical flake thickness of 300 nm were prepared by high energy ball milling using valeric acid as a surfactant. In order to remove the surfactant the as-milled powders were heat treated in argon and the effect of the annealing temperature on structural and magnetic properties of the resulting powder was investigated. Partial (58%) and nearly complete (96%) surfactant removal was observed by DSC after treatments at 200°C and 400°C, respectively, without oxide formation detectable by powder X-ray diffraction. Demagnetization measurements revealed suppression of the energy product (BH)max and dramatic decrease in coercivity (Hei) after annealing. The results indicate that even a modest heat treatment of SmCo5 nano-powder severely degrades its magnetic properties. Either alternative methods of surfactant removal must be considered, or the surfactant must remain during further powder processing.
Thrust Augmentation by Charge Exchange

Quasi-neutral ion beams interact with background gas through the diffusion of neutrals into the beam and their subsequent collisions with ions and electrons. Slow ions resulting from ion-neutral charge exchange reactions gain energy in the local electric field, with higher axial momentum of the atom-ion system produced as a result of the charge exchange reaction. An analytical model has been developed to estimate neutral density distribution in and around the ion beam, and the effect on ion beam thrust generation as a function of the neutral background density. The model predicts non-uniform neutral density distribution inside the ion beam, nonlinear thrust dependence on background density, and significantly reduced in-space thrust levels for medium and high power Hall thrusters relative to ground test results. The effect is substantially less for gridded ion engines.
Factoring Groups of Integers Modulo n

(1980). Factoring Groups of Integers Modulo n. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 33-36.
Probing Light: Projection Mapping, Architectural Surface, and the Politics of Luminous Abstraction

Over the last decade, 3D projection mapping has flourished around the world under the auspices of corporate publicity firms, arts organizations, and urban-branding initiatives. In the popular press, this work has been hailed at once as fulfilling the ambitions of expanded cinema (freeing the moving image from the screen) and as performative architecture (liberating architecture from stasis). However, this emphasis on the freedom of the moving image, on the one hand, and on movement itself, on the other, has caused neglect toward the way that such projections interact with their architectural support. Indeed, in its short history, projection mapping has already developed favoured idioms, whose repetition across the globe draws into question its site-specificity. Whereas unapologetically commercial projects have tended toward figurative motifs, projects aspiring to the artistic have tended to systematically favour the language of abstraction. This latter group is the concern of this essay, in which, drawing on the critical framework provided by earlier inter-war debates surrounding light architecture, the author investigates the potential and limitations of such luminous abstractions in engendering new forms of spatial experience. Do these high-tech projections encourage the spectator to engage with architecture in a new way, or do they instead efface their architectural setting beneath an ornamental visual spectacle?
Turkey's per Capita Income Conversion to Southern European Countries

In this paper we have estimated the number of years for Turkey’s per capita income to converge with those of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The estimate is based upon convergence theory of per capita income of laggard countries to that of advanced countries if (1) there exists a gap between the countries’ initial level of per capita income with the laggard country having the lower per capita income, (2) there exists a per capita productivity growth rate differential in favor of the laggard country and (3) sufficient time horizon considered to effectuate the convergence. In this instance all three conditions are met and assumed. According to our calculations, Turkey’s per capita income will converge with Portugal in 33 years, Greece in 39 years, Italy in 46 years and Spain in 62 Years, all within the 21st century time horizon. In addition the empirical and theoretical basis for conversion of per capita income is elucidated and verified. Using a wide cross section of countries we find evidence of unconditional income convergence looking at both the mean as well as at the entire income distribution via ordinary least squares and quintile regression respectively. We also analyzed the presence of an S-shaped growth curve for explaining the observed rapid progression of convergence and its impact on the expected future global income distribution.
African American Men's Health and Incarceration: Access to Care upon Reentry and Eliminating Invisible Punishments

African American men suffer worse health outcomes and have a lower life expectancy than other demographic groups. The disproportionately high incarceration rates of African American men for drug and other crimes is a crucial factor in understanding and combating health inequities. Being imprisoned is very bad for inmates' health because of damaging physical conditions and high levels of stress, as well as poor prison health care. Upon release, formerly incarcerated individuals have trouble accessing routine health care and are deprived of the traditional social safety net of health insurance, housing assistance, food assistance, and cash benefits. Unfortunately, constitutional challenges to prison health care systems are unlikely to eliminate the health risks of being incarcerated. Therefore, this Commentary argues that we must provide free or low-cost, culturally competent health care immediately and seamlessly upon prisoner release and work to reduce the impact of "invisible punishments," those civil penalties that deny formerly incarcerated individuals access to social programs. Because these health disparities are avoidable, society has a moral imperative to reduce and eventually eliminate them. INTRODUCTION. ........ 222 I. AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN SUFFER FROM SERIOUS AND PERSISTENT HEALTH INEQUITIES 225 II. HIGH RATES OF INCARCERATION AND THE HEALTH-DAMAGING EFFECTS OF PRISON COMBINE TO EXACERBATE THE HEALTH PROBLEMS FACED BY AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN 227 A. Disproportionate Incarceration of African American Men 227 B. Increased Health Risks of Incarceration ....... 228 III. "INVISIBLE PUNISHMENTS" ERECT POST-INCARCERATION BARRIERS TO HEALTH AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN 231 A. Barriers to Health Care Access 231 B. Invisible Punishments Exacerbate Incarceration-Related Health BERKELEY JOURNAL OF GENDER, LAW & JUSTICE 221 BERKELEY JOURNAL OF GENDER, LAW & JUSTICE Problems 235 1. Food Stamp Ineligibility 238 2. TANF Ban 239 3. Limited Access to Federally Assisted Housing ...... ..... 239 IV. POSSIBILITIES FOR REFORM 241 A. Litigation as an Unlikely Route to Improved Health Care 241 B. The Need for Culturally Competent and Patient-Centered Services ...... 245 C. Challenging Invisible Punishments ....... 247 1. Considering an Eighth Amendment Challenge ...... ...... 247 2. Political Challenges to Bans on Food Stamps and TANF ......... 249 3. Political Challenges to Restrictions on Federally Assisted Housing ..... 250 CONCLUSION ..... 251
“An idea of grandeur”: Furnishing the classical interior in Charleston, 1815–1840

To understand the information received from recovered archaeological material and what it reveals about the spread of refinement in 19th-century America, it is important to place it within the broader context of its original setting. This work draws upon probate inventories and surviving material artifacts, such as homes, furniture, and decorative arts, to reconstruct the upper-class interior in Charleston, South Carolina, in the early antebellum period and illustrate the unique taste demonstrated by antebellum Charlestonians. As the lines that separated upper from middle class were becoming increasingly blurred, elite Charlestonians asserted cultural authority by maintaining an allegiance to the ideal of the English landed gentry. They emphasized their inheritance of an aristocratic order and constructed a material world that sought to identify themselves with European taste and culture. They traveled extensively in Europe acquiring art and objects with which they could ornament their homes and express their allegiance with European and classical culture, their liberal education, and, most importantly, their refined manners and taste.
Effect of negative chemical pressure on the prototypical itinerant magnet MnSi

The evolution of the magnetic and charge transport properties of the itinerant magnetic metal MnSi with the substitution of Al and Ga on the Si site is investigated. We observe an increase in unit cell volume indicating that both Al and Ga substitutions create negative chemical pressure. There are substantial increases in the Curie temperature and the ordered moment demonstrating that the substitutions give the magnetism a stronger itinerant character. The substitutions also increase the range of temperature and field where the skyrmion phase is stable due to a change in the character of the magnetism. In contrast to the behavior of pure MnSi and expectations for the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect, we find a significant temperature dependence to the magnitude and sign of anomalous Hall conductivity constant in Al or Ga substituted samples. This temperature dependence likely reflects changes in the spin-orbit coupling strength with temperature, which may have significant consequences on the helical and skyrmion states. Overall, we observe a continuous evolution of magnetic and charge transport properties through positive to negative pressure.
Health Disparities in Nonreligious and Religious Older Adults in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology of 16 Common Chronic Conditions

In this paper, we compute prevalence estimates for nonreligious and religious people in relation to 16 common chronic conditions in contemporary American society. Using survey data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we speak to current debates concerning potential relationships between religion, nonreligion and health in older adult populations with two key findings. First, we show no consistent relationships between religion or nonreligion and chronic condition prevalence. Second, we demonstrate race, sex, and class variations within nonreligious people’s health outcomes consistent with patterns noted in previous analyses of religious populations. In conclusion, we draw out implications for future research concerning the importance of (1) using caution when interpreting correlations between religion (i.e., a privileged social location) and health; (2) developing intersectional approaches to religion, nonreligion, and health; and (3) building a diverse base of scholarship concerning nonreligion and health.
Tibial Plateau Fractures

Comprehensive tibial plateau fracture (Fig. 47.1) workup includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury, neurovascular status, associated injuries, spontaneous vs. manual reduction, and Schatzker classification.
The Garden Pavilion: A Portal to Victorian Taste

Though much private discussion surrounding the decoration for the new Houses of Parliament focused on technical matters of painting, decisions about how to proceed largely hinged upon issues of aesthetic appropriateness and even taste. This chapter shows how such matters of “taste” encode political as well as aesthetic orientations to British figuration. It surveys exchanges of letters among Prince Albert and his circle as well as reviews focusing on taste, and argues that the deliberately eclectic artworks and furnishings designed for Victoria’s garden pavilion were, in some respects, revolutionary for the time. Ultimately, the pavilion reveals the hybridization of Victorian taste, itself a discursive expression of conflicting political and aesthetic goals that only resolve in the practical encounters with Victorian buildings, art, and objects.
A Mortality Study for ICU Patients Using Bursty Medical Events

The study of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is a crucial task in critical care research which has significant implications both in identifying clinical risk factors and defining institutional guidances. The mortality study of ICU patients is of particular interest because it provides useful indications to healthcare institutions for improving patients experience, internal policies, and procedures (e.g. allocation of resources). To this end, many research works have been focused on the length of stay (LOS) for ICU patients as a feature for studying the mortality. In this work, we propose a novel mortality study based on the notion of burstiness, where the temporal information of patients longitudinal data is taken into consideration. The burstiness of temporal data is a popular measure in network analysis and time-series anomaly detection, where high values of burstiness indicate presence of rapidly occurring events in short time periods (i.e. burst). Our intuition is that these bursts may relate to possible complications in the patient's medical condition and hence provide indications on the mortality. Compared to the LOS, the burstiness parameter captures the temporality of the medical events providing information about the overall dynamic of the patients condition. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to apply the burstiness measure in the clinical research domain. Our preliminary results on a real dataset show that patients with high values of burstiness tend to have higher mortality rate compared to patients with more regular medical events. Overall, our study shows promising results and provides useful insights for developing predictive models on temporal data and advancing modern critical care medicine.
Experimental and Mechanistic Study of the Heterogeneous Nucleation and Epitaxy of Acetaminophen with Biocompatible Crystalline Substrates

The presence of different heterogeneous surfaces can directly influence the nucleation kinetics, crystal growth, and morphology of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous nucleation remains lacking. Herein, we report the use of biocompatible crystalline heterogeneous surfaces to enhance the nucleation rates of the model API compound acetaminophen (APAP). We also report experimental and computational studies of the epitaxial growth mechanism of APAP on different substrates. Five crystalline substrates, namely, d-galactose (DGAL), the α and β forms of d-mannitol (DMAN), α-lactose monohydrate (LMH), and xylitol (XYL) were selected because they contain a similar functionality: a high density of hydroxyl groups per molecule. We measured the induction times in the presence of the substrates and used the results to rank the substrates based on their ability to enhance the nucleation of APAP. While all selected substrates enhanced the nucleation rates, XYL w...
Interaction between supplemental zinc oxide and zilpaterol hydrochloride on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood metabolites in feedlot steers

Interactive effects of supplemental Zn and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) were evaluated in feedlot steers ( = 40; 652 kg ± 14 initial BW) to determine their impact on feedlot performance, blood constituents, and carcass traits. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to treatments. Factors consisted of supplemental Zn (60 or 300 mg/kg diet DM) and ZH (0 or 8.33 mg/kg) in the diets. For diets supplemented with 300 mg Zn/kg DM, 60 mg Zn/kg was supplemented as zinc sulfate and 240 mg Zn/kg was supplemented as zinc oxide, and the diet was fed for 24 d. Zilpaterol hydrochloride was fed for 21 d followed by a 3-d withdrawal. Cattle were housed in partially covered individual feeding pens equipped with automatic waterers and fence-line feed bunks and were fed once daily for ad libitum intake. Plasma samples were collected on d 0 and 21 to assess changes in Zn, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), glucose, and lactate concentrations, and serum samples were collected on d 21 to assess IGF-1 concentration. On d 25, cattle were weighed and transported 450 km to a commercial abattoir for harvest; HCW and incidence of liver abscesses were recorded. Carcass data were collected after 36 h of refrigeration. Data were analyzed as a mixed model with Zn, ZH, and Zn × ZH as fixed effects; block as a random effect; and steer as the experimental unit. No interaction or effects of Zn or ZH were observed for IGF-1 concentration, plasma glucose, or lactate concentrations ( ≥ 0.25). No interaction between Zn and ZH was observed for PUN concentration, but PUN decreased with ZH ( 0.05). Zinc supplementation tended ( = 0.08) to improve the proportion of carcasses grading USDA Choice. Feeding ZH decreased yield grade ( = 0.05) and tended to increase LM area ( = 0.07). In conclusion, increasing dietary concentrations of Zn does not impact response to ZH, but feeding ZH altered circulating concentrations of PUN.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O4:H5 Isolates (ATCC 700414, 700415, 700416, and 700417)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli serotype O4:H5 isolates (ATCC 700414, 700415, 700416, and 700417) were recovered from women with first-time urinary tract infections. Here, we report the draft genome sequences for these four E. coli isolates, which are currently being used to validate food safety processing technologies.
SCHOOL CHOICE PROGRAMS AND LOCATION CHOICES OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS

This paper studies how the school choice policies that subsidize private school attendance using public funds affect the spatial distribution of private schools in the United States. Private school choice programs enacted between 1997 and 2010 are examined and linked to private school provision 2 years later. The paper finds that school choice policies lead to more private schools where the input to public schools is lower and the pool of students with special needs is larger. Yet the introduction of means‐tested school choice programs does not necessarily lead private schools to locate in low‐income neighborhoods. (JEL I2, H4, R3)
Optimum Capacity of Freeways: A Stochastic Approach

AbstractThis study explores a practical value for highway capacity that is able to represent stochastic capacity and optimize the performance of designed facilities. Optimal performance of roadways...
Liver transplantation: the illusion of choice.

The responsibility for deciding who to place on the waiting list for an organ transplant is enormous, and the criteria are not clear-cut.
Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Regulation of Nitric Oxide (NO) Production and Stabilization of HIF-1α: Potential Role of Se-Methylselenocysteine (MSC), an Antioxidant Multi-targeted Small Molecule

The authors of chapters presented in Part VII dealt with the therapeutic application of nitric oxide (NO). The authors extensively reviewed the field demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of NO donors alone and in combination with cytotoxic therapy in the treatment of various solid tumor types. The authors indicate that while the mechanisms of activity of these agents may vary according to tumor type and treatment conditions, the fact that these agents have minimal toxicity profile and therefore potentially selective in their effects provide the scientific rationale for their continued development at the basic level and more importantly, the need to validate the clinical potential of this interesting class of relatively non-toxic agents with significant biological and therapeutic potential. This opinion is offered relevant to the data presented in Part VII and offers new and novel approaches on the potential role of Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) on the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its transcriptionally regulated genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The use of MSC as a multi-targeted, non-toxic inhibitor of iNOS and other biomarkers such as COX-2, HIF-1α, and VEGF as therapeutic modulators of anticancer drugs against established tumors in xenografts is discussed.
Constructing Groups Associated to Infinite-Dimensional Lie Algebras

In these notes a representation theoretical approach to the construction of groups associated to (possibly infinite-dimensional) “integrable” Lie algebras is discussed. In the first part a general framework is outlined; here most of the discussion consists of definitions, examples and open problems. Deep results are available only in the case of groups associated to Kac-Moody algebras, which are discussed in the second part; it is based on joint work with Dale Peterson [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [26]. Extension of these results to other classes of groups, like the group of biregular automorphisms of an affine space, would provide a solution to some very difficult open problems of algebraic geometry.
An RNase P-Based Assay for Accurate Determination of the 5'-Deoxy-5'-azidoguanosine-Modified Fraction of in Vitro-Transcribed RNAs.

Chemoenzymatic approaches are important for generating site-specific, chemically modified RNAs, a cornerstone for RNA structure-function correlation studies. T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP)-mediated in vitro transcription (IVT) of a DNA template containing the G-initiating class III Φ6.5 promoter is typically used to generate 5'-chemically modified RNAs by including a guanosine analogue (G analogue) initiator in the IVT. However, the yield of 5'-G analogue-initiated RNA is often poor and variable due to the high ratios of G analogue:GTP used in IVT. We recently reported that a T7RNAP P266L mutant afforded an approximately three-fold increase in fluorescent 5'-thienoguanosine-initiated pre-tRNACys compared to the wild type T7RNAP. We have further explored the use of T7RNAP P266L to generate 5'-deoxy-5'-azidoguanosine (az G)-initiated RNA and found that the mutant yielded approximately four times more az G-initiated pre-tRNACys than the wild type in an IVT containing a 10:1 ratio of az G:GTP. For accurate quantitation of the 5'-az G-initiated RNA fraction, we employed RNase P, an endonuclease that catalyzes the removal of the 5'-leader in pre-tRNAs. Importantly, we show herein how RNase P can be leveraged for assessing 5'-G analogue incorporation in any RNA by rendering the target RNA, upon its binding to a customized external guide sequence RNA, into an unnatural substrate of RNase P. Such an approach in conjunction with T7RNAP P266L-based IVT should aid chemoenzymatic methods that are designed to generate 5'-chemically modified RNAs.
Uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor): case report in a goat and literature review.

Carcinosarcomas are biphasic malignant tumors composed of 2 distinct neoplastic cell populations, epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. A 13-y-old, female, mixed-breed goat was presented with a 1-wk history of anuria and lethargy. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed an irregular and heterogeneous structure in the region of the bladder and uterus and changes in the echogenicity of both kidneys. Given the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Autopsy revealed a large mass within the uterine cervix and confirmed the changes in the urinary tract. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a mixed, anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelial, and vimentin-positive mesenchymal neoplasm consistent with a homologous carcinosarcoma, also called malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, with areas of double-labeling. We highlight the complexity of the diagnosis of uterine neoplasms in domestic animals and in goats in particular.
Excess mortality after craniopharyngioma treatment: are we making progress?

Craniopharyngioma is associated with an increased risk of mortality even after surgical, radiotherapeutic and hormone supplementations. Previous studies using different designs showed a possible trend of decreasing mortality in recent years. This review summarises studies reporting standardised mortality ratio (SMR) after craniopharyngioma treatment, as well as the bias and confounding in these studies to plan further researches. PubMed and Embase was searched for manuscripts published before October 2018 using medical subject heading terms (“craniopharyngioma” or “hypopituitarism” and “mortality”). Eight studies reported SMR after craniopharyngioma treatment, with a total of 2802 patients. The subgroup meta-analysis using random effects model was conducted to pool the SMR, which was 6.2 (95% CI 4.1–9.4) before 2010 and 2.9 (95% CI 2.2–3.8) after 2010 (subgroup test p < 0.01), respectively. Misclassification (one study) and selection bias (six studies) either inflated or deflated the result. The trend of increasing survival rate over the time was observed in studies without reporting SMR. Female patients, childhood-onset disease, hydrocephalus, tumour recurrence, body mass index and panhypopituitarism were identified as the important risk factors for excess mortality. Though bias and confounding existed across studies, the decreasing SMR and increasing survival rate over the time was in favour of a real signal. It is necessary to launch studies to further investigate the morality and risk factors after multidisciplinary treatment of craniopharyngioma in a hospital-based manner, using the modern statistical method to adjust for bias and confounding.
Proinflammatory Properties of Peroxidized Fat May Contribute to the Etiology of Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a well-known subset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in patchy inflammation through the entire thickness of the bowel wall, with the ability to target virtually any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly affecting the area between the ileum and the cecum. While a bacterial origin of Crohn's is well speculated, it is difficult to pinpoint what drives inflammation in these subjects, particularly the flare-ups or the sudden symptomatic intensification or recurrence. This review aims at tracing the etiology of CD back to diet, particularly fried foods, a known aggravator of symptoms. Based on the reactions that frying entails, the chemical composition of the food is altered in ways that can lead to maldigestion and inflammation. Current evidence suggests a direct dietary role in the inflammation underlying CD or the flare-ups. The presented review focuses on an underresearched, yet, very applicable topic. We suggest that emphasis should be put on dietary alteration as a means of treatment for patients with CD to supplement current therapy for optimal results. With the widespread popularity of fried foods, it is important to raise awareness about the potential negative outcomes that are prevalent worldwide.