cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Closely spaced fractures in layered rocks: initiation mechanism and propagation kinematics

Spacings of opening-mode fractures (joints and veins) in layered sedimentary rocks often scale with the layer thickness. Field observations reveal that the ratio of fracture spacing to the thickness of the fractured layer, S/Tf, ranges from less than 0.1 to greater than 10. There is a critical spacing to layer thickness ratio that defines the condition of fracture saturation, and explains the observed spacing ratios between 0.8 and 1.2. Values of S/Tf>1.2 are explained as the results of the fracturing process having not reached the saturation level. To explain ratios of S/Tf<0.8, we study the possibility for further fracture infilling, by considering flaw distributions between adjacent fractures loaded by extension of the layer. Results show that infilling fractures grow more easily from flaws located near the interface than from those in the middle of the fractured layer. The propagation of a flaw located in the middle of the fractured layer is unstable, but for the flaw to propagate toward the interfaces, its height has to be greater than a critical size. This critical size decreases with increasing S/Tf. The propagation behavior of a flaw with one of its tips at the interface depends on S/Tf. The propagation is unstable when S/Tf is greater than a critical value. When S/Tf is less than this critical value, the propagation is first unstable, then stable, and then unstable again. An infilling fracture can cut through the fractured layer only if S/Tf is greater than another critical value, otherwise the infilling fracture can only partially cut the fractured layer. For models with the same elastic constants for the fractured layer and the neighboring layers, this critical value is 0.546, and the minimum spacing to layer thickness ratio of fractures formed by the in filling process under extension is 0.273.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Population Divergence Times and Population Phylogenies under the Infinite Sites Model

In this paper, a maximum likelihood estimator of population divergence time based on the infinite sites model is developed. It is demonstrated how this estimator may be applied to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the topology of population phylogenies. This approach addresses several classical problems occurring in the inference of the phylogenetic relationship of populations, most notably the problem of shared ancestral polymorphisms. The method is applied to previously published data sets of human African populations and of Caribbean hawksbill turtles.
The scaffold protein Nde1 safeguards the brain genome during S phase of early neural progenitor differentiation

The brain is a complex organ with many different cell types that each have specialized functions. Mutations in genes that control how the brain develops can have serious consequences—and one of the most important genes involved in the development of the human brain is called NDE1. Individuals who inherit mutated copies of the NDE1 gene from both parents have brains with fewer folds than a healthy brain, and their brains are up to 90% smaller than normal. These individuals may have serious developmental disabilities, struggle with basic functions like swallowing, and die early. Moreover, having just one defective copy of the NDE1 gene has been linked to the development of cancers such as leukemia. The protein encoded by the NDE1 gene acts as a scaffold for many protein complexes and can be found throughout the cell in various cellular compartments (from the cell periphery to the nucleus). However, it was unclear where the NDE1 protein's activity was most needed in developing brain cells. Feng and Houlihan now provide a new explanation for NDE1's role in brain development. Looking for molecules that interact with the mouse version of the Nde1 protein revealed that it binds to proteins that control how DNA is packaged inside the nucleus of a cell. In doing so, Nde1 appears to protect the genome of brain stem cells, while these cells' DNA is copied and before they divide to form new cells destined to become neurons. For a cell to divide, its genetic information must be accurately copied and then segregated between the two new cells to ensure that each receives all the genetic instructions needed to develop and function properly. In brain cells from mice without functional Nde1, the DNA frequently breaks as it is copied. Brain cells that inherit damaged DNA might not function correctly, while serious breaks that affect both strands of the DNA can trigger a response that kills the mutated cell. This means, there are fewer cells that make up the outer layer of the brain, making it less wrinkled than normal. This part of the brain—called the cerebral cortex—is important for many processes including thought and memory, and it helps different areas of the brain communicate with one another. This may explain why mutations in the NDE1 gene can contribute to a variety of brain disorders. Errors during DNA replication can also cause cancer to develop. As such, the findings of Feng and Houlihan may also help to explain why some genetic mutations are associated with both cancer and brain disorders.
Cable Television and Health Promotion: A Feasibility Study with Arthritis Patients

Community access cable television channels can be used to provide low-cost health pro gramming in many communities. This article describes a study undertaken to ascertain the extent to which arthritis patients could be targeted by arthritis-related programming over a local cable system. A number of publicity sources were used to advertise the programs to a preidentified group and the public at large. Telephone and written surveys revealed that the programming garnered a moderate viewing audience composed preponderantly of arthritis patients. Some conceptual and practical issues involved in targeting chronic patient groups for health program ming are discussed.
Bright Light Therapy Improves Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Associated with Parkinson’s Disease (I3-2.004)

Objective: To examine safety and efficacy of light therapy (LT) for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with PD. Background: EDS frequently impairs quality of life and safety of PD patients. Treatment options are limited and associated with side effects. LT has not been systematically studied as a treatment for disturbed sleep/wake cycles in PD. Design/Methods: Thirty PD participants (13M/17F, age 63.1±9.8yrs), HY control condition), twice daily, in one-hour sessions, during a two-week period. Participants were matched for PD medications, and remained on a stable medication regimen prior and throughout LT. EDS and sleep quality were assessed by the ESS, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale at the baseline, post-treatment (2 weeks) and two weeks after LT (4 weeks). Additional outcome measures included UPDRS, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the PDQ39 scale. Outcome measurements before and after LT were compared using the paired t-test. Results: There were no significant baseline differences between two groups. LT was well tolerated. Reported side effects included transient watery eyes (n=4). Exposure to bright light was associated with significant improvements in EDS (p=0.001). ESS scores: 15.6±3.2 (baseline), 11.3±3.5 (2 weeks). There was a trend toward significant improvements in the UPDRS I score in the bright LT arm (p=0.592). Improvements in EDS persisted two weeks after the completion of bright LT (p=0.003). There was a trend toward significant improvements in sleep quality two weeks after completion of bight LT (p=0.067). There were no significant changes in other outcomes post LT. Conclusions: LT is a safe, non-pharmacological intervention associated with improvements in EDS in PD. Further studies are needed to optimize the duration and exposure parameters of LT in the PD population. Disclosure: Dr. Marconi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kuhta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miskevics has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zee has received personal compensation for activities with Philips, Vanda, Merck & Co., Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Purdue as a consultant. Dr. Zee holds stock and/or stock options in Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Zee9s institution has received research support from Respironics.
Knowledge creation and the location of university research scientists’ interpersonal exchange relations: within and beyond the university

Our study examines how the location (geographic and organizational distance) of the direct interpersonal exchange relationships a university researcher establishes and main tains affects his or her knowledge creation. In order to create new knowledge, researchers seek to combine and exchange information and know-how with others and must often go outside the boundaries of their universities to obtain the needed resources. We explore the impact of working with others, both within and outside the organization, on new knowledge creation. We argue for a curvilinear effect between distance and knowledge creation, in that spatially close and distant exchange partner locations will have a greater effect on knowledge creation than intermediate distances. Hypotheses, tested on a large sample of university biomedical research scientists, are largely supported.
Reasonableness, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Pay Property Taxes

The authors explore whether citizen preferences for taxes are influenced by perceptions of the quality of government and government services. Waterford, Connecticut, was faced with a revenue crisis when the property taxes paid by a nuclear power facility in the town were significantly reduced after deregulation. On the basis of a survey of town residents, the authors find that citizens in Waterford were willing to act reasonably in response to fiscal problems. Furthermore, attitudes toward government and its services are important determinants of support for taxes.
Rainfall and the interaction of microclimate with larval resources in the population dynamics of checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha) inhabiting serpentine grassland

The interaction of host plant phenology and microclimatic heterogeneity was examined to determine its role in the population dynamics of checkerspot butterflies, Euphydryas editha, inhabiting serpentine grassland in California's outer Coast Range.
3D Finite Element Study on Load Transfer at Doweled Joints in Flat and Curled Rigid Pavements

This study examines load transfer across doweled joints in rigid pavements using 3D finite element analysis. A recently developed dowel modeling strategy is employed that allows the efficient and r...
Nebraska Biocontainment Unit patient discharge and environmental decontamination after Ebola care

Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE Nebraska Biocontainment Unit, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE d Trauma and Preparedness Services, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE Division of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Proving memory management invariants for a language based on linear logic

We develop tools for the rigorous formulation and proof of properties of runtime management for a sample programming language based on a linear type system. Two semantics are diescribed, one at a level of observable results of computations and one describing linear connectives in terms of memory-management primitives. The two semantics are proven equivalent and the memory-management model is proven to satisfy fundamental correctness criteria for reference counts.
An investigation of the effects of prospective memory training

A within-subject operant design was used to evaluate the efficacy of prospective memory training in a 51-year-old brain-injured male with a severe memory impairment. Training consisted of repetitive administration of prospective memory tasks whereby the subject was given actions to perform at specified future times. The length of time between task administration and task execution was systematically lengthened. Probes were taken evaluating generalization to performance on naturalistic, real-life prospective memory tasks and to performance on retrospective memory or recall measures. Results suggested a significant and steady increase in the subject's prospective memory ability over time; however, changes were not experimentally controlled, thus the data are descriptive in nature. Methodological limitations and issues pertinent to the future investigation of prospective memory are discussed at length, in the hope of encouraging further evaluation of this preliminary, promising technique.
Safety belt use during pregnancy

Objective To evaluate the importance of prenatal education on the proper use of seat belts during pregnancy. Methods Three hundred fifty pregnant women were provided surveys at their first prenatal visit and then again at 28–32 weeks' gestation. The surveys assessed the actual use and placement of seat belts before and during pregnancy and knowledge about the use of restraint systems during pregnancy. In addition, the women were surveyed with respect to the information provided to them regarding seat belt use. Results Two hundred ninety-eight women returned both surveys, 68% of whom reported using seat belts in a manner currently recommended. Nearly 20% stated that they rarely or never used seat belts during their pregnancy. Women who reported receiving information regarding seat belt use from their prenatal provider were significantly more likely both to use their belts (83% versus 65%; P P Conclusions Despite current recommendations and laws regarding seat belt use during pregnancy, one-third of women report either not using seat belts or using them improperly during pregnancy. Prenatal care providers can substantially influence the proper use of seat belts by discussing their correct use during pregnancy.
Small Accelerators for Borehole Application

After a general discussion on the utility of pulsed high energy neutrons in borehole applications, we summarize the operational and environmental characteristics of borehole configured neutron generators. We discuss design, operation and performance characteristics of a 1 11/16" outside diameter generator which has recently been developed for use in geologic well logging.
Staying Connected Without Connexin43: Can You Hear Me Now?

See related article, pages 170–178 As popular cellular telephone commercials suggest, we place considerable value on our ability to remain connected to our friends and neighbors. The same principals ring true in cardiovascular physiology. Connexin (Cx) proteins are located at cardiac gap junctions and form low resistance pathways for the intercellular spread of electrical excitation and small molecules.1 Within each cell, six connexin subunits coassemble to form hemichannels that then dock with their counterparts on neighboring cells. Ventricular myocytes express Cx43 along with lower levels of Cx45, atrial myocytes express Cx40 and Cx43, and conduction system cells express Cx45 and Cx40. Thus, both heteromeric channels (with variable mixtures of Cx subunits in each hemichannel) and heterotypic channels (formed from asymmetric hemichannels in neighboring cells) are expected. Gene-targeted mice have greatly advanced our understanding of the roles of individual connexin genes. Homozygous Cx45 knockout mice have abnormal cardiac development and die as embryos. …
Activation of thiophenes by superacids: Protonation and polymerization

TiCl4 forms an adduct with tetramethylthiophene which reacts with HCl to give the Ti2Cl9- salt of C4Me4HS+. When C4H4S is used in place of C4Me4S, the TiCl4/H+ mixtures gives polymers C4nH4nSn(TiCl4)n/3. This work directly relates thiophene protonation to polymerization.
Restoration of Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Estrogen Receptor- Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Tamoxifen-Bound Reactivated ER Recruits Distinctive Corepressor Complexes

Breast tumors expressing estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) respond well to therapeutic strategies using selective ER modulators, such as tamoxifen. However, approximately 30% of invasive breast cancers are hormone independent because they lack ER expression due to hypermethylation of ER promoter. Treatment of ER-negative breast cancer cells with demethylating agents [5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)] and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (trichostatin A) leads to expression of ER mRNA and functional protein. Here, we examined whether epigenetically reactivated ER is a target for tamoxifen therapy. Following treatment with trichostatin A and 5-aza-dC, the formerly unresponsive ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells became responsive to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of cell growth in these cells is mediated at least in part by the tamoxifen-bound ER. Tamoxifen-bound reactivated ER induces transcriptional repression at estrogen-responsive genes by ordered recruitment of multiple distinct chromatin-modifying complexes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show recruitment of two different corepressor complexes to ER-responsive promoters in a mutually exclusive and sequential manner: the nuclear receptor corepressor-HDAC3 complex followed by nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex. The mechanistic insight provided by this study might help in designing therapeutic strategies directed toward epigenetic mechanisms in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer.
On Heiberg's Euclid

In two articles published in 1881 and 1884, the young academics, Martin Klamroth and Johan L. Heiberg, engaged in a brief debate on the textual choices that should govern the publication of a new critical edition of Euclid's Elements. This short debate seemed to settle the problem in Heiberg's favor as to what should be taken as the definitive text of Euclid's Elements. But the issue ought to be considered once again for there are good reasons for the claim that Klamroth was right, and that Heiberg was wrong. If so, we have been consulting, and continue to consult, the wrong text in our efforts to interpret the Euclidean tradition. In order to substantiate this claim, the textual issue debated by Klamroth and Heiberg is rehearsed again, and the principal reasons brought forth by Heiberg against Klamroth's position are reconstructed. Specimens from three broad areas of evidence – structural, linguistic, and technical – will be considered. They reveal how the medieval tradition of the text advocated by Klamroth displays textual superiority to the Greek tradition promoted by Heiberg. Such a reorientation of the texts has the potential to change significantly our understanding of ancient mathematics.
Ten years of automated code analysis at Microsoft (invited industrial talk)

Automated code analysis is technology aimed at locating, describing and repairing areas of weakness in code. Code weaknesses range from security vulnerabilities, logic errors, concurrency violations, to improper resource usage, violations of architectures or coding guidelines. Common to all code analysis techniques is that they build abstractions of code and then check those abstractions for properties of interest. For instance a type checker computes how types are used, abstract interpreters and symbolic evaluators check how values flow, model checkers analyze how state evolves. Building modern program analysis tools thus requires a multi-pronged approach to find a variety of weaknesses. In this talk I will discuss and compare several program analysis tools, which MSR build during the last ten years. They include theorem provers, program verifiers, bug finders, malware scanners, and test case generators. I will describe the need for their development, their innovation, and application. Many of these tools had considerable impact on Microsoft's development practices, as well as on the research community. Some of them are being shipped in products such as the Static Driver Verifier or as part of Visual Studio. Performing program analysis as part of quality assurance is meanwhile standard practice in many software development companies. However several challenges have not yet been resolved. Thus, I will conclude with a set of open challenges in program analysis which hopefully triggers new aspiring directions in our joint quest of delivering predictable software that is free from defect and vulnerabilities.
Risk assessment when malevolent actions are involved

This paper discusses extending systems analysis techniques developed for analyzing the risk of random or unintentional events to the analysis of the risk arising from malevolent actions. Methods for developing sets of attack scenarios useful for risk analysis using logic-gate trees are described. The importance of using a largely qualitative understanding of adversary decision processes to assess the relative attractiveness of different attack scenarios to an adversary is addressed and potential methods for rigorously developing this relative ordering are discussed. The importance of including an evaluation of the effectiveness of protective features implemented to reduce risk is discussed and an analytical approach described. The importance of dependency among elements of an attack scenario is discussed and a method for the efficient handling of such dependencies is described
External Surface Disinfection of the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Understanding the dynamics of movement of bacteria within the environment and between species is crucial to unraveling the epidemiology of bacterial diseases and to developing biosecurity measures to prevent dissemination. Many arthropods, some beneficial and some detrimental, inhabit poultry houses. The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a pest commonly found in poultry litter that can harbor pathogens involved in both human and animal health issues. Current farm management practices perpetuate persistent infestations contributing to the dispersal of beetles and pathogens. To study the dissemination of bacteria by this beetle, we require the ability to differentiate internal from external sources of bacteria carried by the beetle. In this study, we tested previously described methods to externally disinfect beetles and found disinfectant efficacies between 40 and 98%. The irregular surface of the insect posed a challenge to cleansing procedures because the surface offered many recesses able to sequester bacteria. Complete bacterial disinfection was achieved with a serial treatment of ethanol and hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid.
Evidence for LWIR Emission Using Intersubband Transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs MQW Structures

Infrared emission using intersubband transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well structures is discussed. Even for energies higher than the optical phonon values, the photon emission process which is limited by the competition from nonradiative relaxations seems probable when the relative efficiencies are compared. The efficiency of 10 μm emission is comparable to that of 110 μm, and could be even improved for shorter wavelengths. Preliminary results from a two level (in the well) and a three level structure show evidence for LWIR emission in the ranges of 8–11.5 μm and 9–14 μm. respectively, which agrees with the expected signals corresponding to 10.5μm and 11.8μm.
PKC-Dependent GlyT1 Ubiquitination Occurs Independent of Phosphorylation: Inespecificity in Lysine Selection for Ubiquitination

Neurotransmitter transporter ubiquitination is emerging as the main mechanism for endocytosis and sorting of cargo into lysosomes. In this study, we demonstrate PKC-dependent ubiquitination of three different isoforms of the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Incubation of cells expressing transporter with the PKC activator phorbol ester induced a dramatic, time-dependent increase in GlyT1 ubiquitination, followed by accumulation of GlyT1 in EEA1 positive early endosomes. This occurred via a mechanism that was abolished by inhibition of PKC. GlyT1 endocytosis was confirmed in both retinal sections and primary cultures of mouse amacrine neurons. Replacement of only all lysines in the N-and C-termini to arginines prevented ubiquitination and endocytosis, displaying redundancy in the mechanism of ubiquitination. Interestingly, a 40-50% reduction in glycine uptake was detected in phorbol-ester stimulated cells expressing the WT-GlyT1, whereas no significant change was for the mutant protein, demonstrating that endocytosis participates in the reduction of uptake. Consistent with previous findings for the dopamine transporter DAT, ubiquitination of GlyT1 tails functions as sorting signal to deliver transporter into the lysosome and removal of ubiquitination sites dramatically attenuated the rate of GlyT1 degradation. Finally, we showed for the first time that PKC-dependent GlyT1 phosphorylation was not affected by removal of ubiquitination sites, suggesting separate PKC-dependent signaling events for these posttranslational modifications.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Philosophy as Phenomenology

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961), one of the first authors in the French philosophical tradition to publish a systematic work with the word phenomenology in its main title (Phenomenologie de la perception), has gone further than most other French philosophers, including Sartre, in identifying phenomenology with philosophy as such. This fact seems to require the inclusion of his entire philosophy within the European movement of phenomenology or, more specifically, of existential phenomenology.
Morphologic dating of the pre-1983 fault scarp on the Lost River fault at Doublespring Pass Road, Custer County, Idaho

Abstract The focus of this study is the age of the earthquake antecedent to the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake in the vicinity of Doublespring Pass Road, where the faulting signature of both events has been studied in detail through trenching operations in 1976 and again in 1984. We sample the morphologic expression of the pre- 1983 event with six profiles along a ≈ 100-m segment of the fault scarps adjacent to and just north of the trench site, where both the 1983 and pre-1983 scarps are remarkably linear and regular. Diffusion-equation modeling of the profiles suggest that the age of the pre-1983 event is 6000 to 8000 yr before present, exclusive of the uncertainties in applying the Lakes Bonneville and Lahontan mass diffusivity κ to this central Idaho setting .
Control of Morphology and Catalytic Activity of a Cationic Layered Material

We have discovered three new synthetic pathways to our two-dimensional cationic inorganic material, antimony oxide hydroxide ethanedisulfonate, [Sb4O4(OH)2](O3SCH2CH2SO3)·H2O. These new methods include room temperature conditions and allow control of crystal size and morphology for improved catalytic performance of the material. As a benchmark reaction, we studied ketalization of 2-butanone with 1,2-ethanediol, a common step for carbonyl group protection. Our material is easily recovered for reuse and gives a higher yield and turnover rates than the typical iodine or toluenesulfonate homogeneous catalyst. The yield ranged between 79 and 92%, with the crystals from reflux conditions giving the highest yield when used as-synthesized. The morphology and properties for each crystal growth method are described in detail. A repeated catalysis study with powdered samples increases the yield to ca. 97%.
PHAGE-MEDIATED SELECTION AND THE EVOLUTION AND MAINTENANCE OF RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION.

Restriction-modification (R-M) was discovered because it provides bacteria with immunity to phage infection. But, is phage-mediated selection the sole mechanism responsible for the evolution and maintenance of these ubiquitous and multiply evolved systems? In an effort to answer this question, we have performed experiments with laboratory populations of E. coli and phage and computer simulations. We consider two ecological situations whereby phage-mediated selection could favor R-M immunity; i) when bacteria with a novel R-M system invade communities of phage-sensitive bacteria in which there are one or more species of phage, and ii) when bacteria colonize bacterial-free habitats in which phage are present. The results of our experiments indicate that in established communities of bacteria and phage, the advantage R-M provides an invading population of bacteria is ephemeral. Within short order, mutants resistant (refractory) to the phage evolve in the dominant population and subsequently in the invading population. The outcome of competition then depends on the relative fitness of the resistant states of these bacterial clones, rather than R-M. As a consequence of sequential selection for independent mutants, this rapid evolution of resistance occurs even when two and three species of phage are present. While in our experiments resistance also evolved when bacteria colonized new habitats in which phage were present, a novel R-M system greatly augmented the likelihood of their becoming established. We interpret the results of this study as support for the hypothesis that the latter, colonization selection, may play an important role in the evolution and maintenance of restriction-modification. However, we also see these results and other observations we discuss as questioning whether protection against phage is the unique biological role of restriction-modification.
A British Law of Treason, 1709–83

This chapter explores what the treason trials and treason law reveal about the relationship between allegiance, national identity and authority in mid-eighteenth-century Britain. First, we consider what effect a British treason law (1709) had on the understanding of treason and allegiance. To ensure the English Protestant succession would not be undermined in any way, England forced a Treaty of Union with Scotland. While the Scots retained their civil laws and Presbyterian Church, they lost their parliament and, shortly thereafter, their law of treason.
Research on Countermeasures for Variations of Southern Yanan Power Grid Configuration

By the end of 2007,Huangling Gining Area Gangue Heat Power Plant stageⅡ2×50 MW generators are connected to Yanan Power Grid,then,southern Yanan Power Grid configuration has great changes correspondingly.To ensure safety,stability and economy operation of southern Yanan Power Grid,the operation schemes and measures are analyzed and studied,which are adopted in two main transformers stop working in 330 kV Huangling Substation,and the solutions for the problems occurred in different operation modes are put forward.
The directory of Diptera flies in Chongqing city

Objective To investigate the species and geographical distribution of flies in Chongqing city.Methods Using cage-trap,insect net-tarp and medicine eliminates to catch flies,and bring them back to identify in laboratory.Moreover,sorting and analyzing data by relevant literature searching.Results A total of 140 species of flies belonging to 55 genera of 5 branch were recorded in Chongqing city,and their geographical distribution were described too.Conclusion Now the species of known diptera flies in Chongqing are relatively less than that in China,but this study needs to do further as Chongqing is wide.
Transmyocardial revascularization in patients with refractory, unstable angina.

BACKGROUND Previous reports of transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) indicate a significant mortality in patients with refractory, unstable angina. We hypothesized that TMR with a holmium laser would result in significant angina relief with acceptable mortality in this patient population. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were defined as unstable if they were unweanable from intravenous antianginal medications or were too unstable for a persantine thallium scan. Patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of > 25% and were not amenable to CABG or PTCA. Before treatment, all patients had class IV angina. TMR was performed in 85 patients, with a mean of 35 +/- 11 transmural laser channels. Mean age was 63 +/- 10 years. Mean LVEF was 48 +/- 11%. Of these patients, 79% were men. Prior CABG and/or PTCA had been performed in 87% of patients, and 72% of patients had a history of prior MI. Operative mortality was 12% (10 of 85). There were 2 deaths between discharge and 3 months after surgery and 7 late deaths from 6 to 12 months after surgery. Twelve-month mortality was 22.4% (19 of 85). At 3 months, 86% of patients had class II angina or better. At 6 and 12 months, 77% and 75% of patients, respectively, had class II angina or better. Mean angina class at 6 and 12 months' follow-up was 1.5 +/- 1.1 and 1.6 +/- 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with refractory unstable angina, TMR with a holmium laser provided significant angina relief. Moreover, 30-day operative mortality and 12-month mortality were acceptable, especially given this subset of unstable patients with refractory angina.
Access to the copper IUD as post-coital contraception: results from a mystery caller study.

Abstract Objective To assess access to the copper IUD as post-coital contraception (PCC) and identify barriers to obtaining this contraceptive method. Study design We used a “mystery caller” approach to survey primary care, family planning, and Ob/Gyn clinics in nine U.S. cities, identified via online search. A single researcher called 199 clinics, assuming the role of a patient seeking the copper IUD for PCC. Using a standard script, the researcher collected information regarding access to the copper IUD and respondent's knowledge of the copper IUD's indication for PCC. The primary outcome was availability of the copper IUD as PCC. Secondary outcomes included any provision of the copper IUD, awareness of the copper IUD's indication for use as PCC, and offering accurate information regarding the copper IUD as PCC. Fisher's exact test was used to compare outcomes by clinic type. Results Two thirds (68%) of primary care clinics, 87% of family planning clinics, and all Ob/Gyn clinics offered the copper IUD (p Conclusion Access to the copper IUD as PCC is limited and varies by clinic type. Knowledge gaps exist regarding the use of the copper IUD as PCC, as well as regarding the general medical guidelines for copper IUD placement. Implications A majority of primary care and Ob/Gyn clinics do not offer the copper IUD as PCC, and only about half of family planning clinics do so. Barriers included lack of knowledge, unavailability of device, unavailability of an appointment with a trained provider, and outdated IUD provision protocols.
Somewhere over the Rainbow (Nation)

It was 2005, barely more than a decade since the emergence of the “new” South Africa, and the signs of the ten-year anniversary celebrations were everywhere. The ubiquitous graphic designs based on the South African flag—with its rainbow-like array of six colors—adorned street lamps, buildings, vehicles, and even product packaging. Upon stepping outside the Johannesburg airport, I was greeted by a giant mural joyously declaring, “44 million people, 9 indigenous languages and not a single word for stranger. Welcome.” Although I was admittedly skeptical of the linguistic assertion, I smiled. It was a wonderful way to welcome new arrivals, and I applauded the skill of the public relations team—or politicians—behind this salutation.
Seizures and IQ in Tuberous Sclerosis

The relationship of seizures to intellectual disability was examined in 104 patients with tuberous sclerosis ascertained from the total population of the West of Scotland and reported from the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, Scotland.
Is Analyst Output Informative? An Intraday Study of Analyst Comments

In earnings conference calls, management releases new information, and financial analysts on the call immediately respond and question management. The linguistic tone of analyst comments moves the stock price almost instantly in a manner that suggests that analyst assessment of management disclosures contains information not present in the disclosures themselves. Additional findings suggest that, in reacting to analyst tone, the market anticipates future analyst predictions and recommendations on the company, which can help to explain why prior studies have found mixed evidence on the subsequent market reaction to the release of those predictions and recommendations.
Social Support and Psychological Well-Being: Theoretical Possibilities

Considerable controversy has centered on the role of social support in the stress process. Some theorists (Cassel, 1976; Cobb, 1976; Kaplan, Cassel, & Gore, 1977) have argued that support acts only as a resistance factor; that is, support reduces, or buffers, the adverse psychological impacts of exposure to negative life events and/or chronic difficulties, but support has no direct effects upon psychological symptoms when stressful circumstances are absent. Several studies confirm this buffering-only view of social support influences (sec Turner, 1983, for a review). Others (Thoits, 1982a, 1983c) have argued that lack of social support and changes in support over time are stressors in themselves, and as such ought to have direct influences upon psychological symptomatology, whether or not other stressful circumstances occur. A number of studies now confirm this main-effect view of social support influences (e.g., Andrews, Tennant, Hewson, & Vaillant, 1978; Aneshensel & Frerichs, 1982; Lin, Ensel, Simeone, & Kuo, 1979; Thoits, 1983b; Turner, 1981; Williams, Ware, & Donald, 1981). These studies report an inverse association between measures of support and indicators of psychological disturbance, and no stress-buffering effects at all.
Linear Recurrences over Finite Fields

In this chapter we will study the general theory of linear recurrences over finite fields. However, we begin with a familiar example of a linear recurrence over the field of real numbers.
Ezrin links CFTR to TLR4 signaling to orchestrate anti-bacterial immune response in macrophages

Macrophages (MΦs) with mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have blunted induction of PI3K/AKT signaling in response to TLR4 activation, leading to hyperinflammation, a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. Here, we show that Ezrin links CFTR and TLR4 signaling, and is necessary for PI3K/AKT signaling induction in response to MΦ activation. Because PI3K/AKT signaling is critical for immune regulation, Ezrin-deficient MΦs are hyperinflammatory and have impaired Pseudomonas aeruginosa phagocytosis, phenocopying CF MΦs. Importantly, we show that activated CF MΦs have reduced protein levels and altered localization of the remaining Ezrin to filopodia that form during activation. In summary, we have described a direct link from CFTR to Ezrin to PI3K/AKT signaling that is disrupted in CF, and thus promotes hyper-inflammation and weakens phagocytosis.
Fifty Shades of Guilty Pleasure

This chapter contends that Sam Taylor-Johnson’s adaptation of E.L. James’ Fifty Shades of Grey invites its viewers to sit in the muck of their guilty pleasure, a space where taboo and contradictory desires rear their heads and typically repressed tensions turn visible, bringing painfully and pleasurably normalized hegemonies and ideologies to the surface. Fifty Shades of Grey, then, affords viewers the opportunity to see alternative structures of desire, to experience their own attachments and pleasures as simultaneously culture-bound, context specific, socially regulated, and psychically charged. It offers an analysis of Taylor-Johnson’s film that focuses on the entanglement of guilt and pleasure, as well as desire and fear, and the ways the multiple—though often pejorative—positions in which it places us are productive.
Recognizing Families In the Wild (RFIW): Data Challenge Workshop in conjunction with ACM MM 2017

Recognizing Families In the Wild (RFIW) is a large-scale, multi-track automatic kinship recognition evaluation, supporting both kinship verification and family classification on scales much larger than ever before. It was organized as a Data Challenge Workshop hosted in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2017. This was achieved with the largest image collection that supports kin-based vision tasks. In the end, we use this manuscript to summarize evaluation protocols, progress made and some technical background and performance ratings of the algorithms used, and a discussion on promising directions for both research and engineers to be taken next in this line of work.
Residual squeeze CNDS deep learning CNN model for very large scale places image recognition

Deep convolutional neural network models have achieved great success in the recent years. However, the optimization of size and the time needed to train a deep network is a research area that needs much improvement. In this paper, we address the issue of speed and size by proposing a compressed convolutional neural network model namely Residual Squeeze CNDS. Proposed models compresses the earlier very successful Residual-CNDS network and further improves on following aspects: (1) small model size, (2) faster speed, (3) uses residual learning for faster convergence, better generalization, and solves the issue of degradation, (4) matches the recognition accuracy of the non-compressed model on the very large-scale grand challenge MIT Places 365-Standard scene dataset. In comparison to Residual-CNDS the proposed model is 87.64% smaller in size and 13.33% faster in the training time. This supports our claim that the proposed model inherits the best aspects of Residual-CNDS model and further improves upon it. Moreover, we present our attempt at a more disciplined approach to searching the design space for novel CNN architectures. In comparison to SQUEEZENET our proposed framework can be more easily adapted and fully integrated with the residual learning for compressing various other contemporary deep learning convolutional neural network models.
Time-Domain Feedback Control of Distributed Parameter Systems Using Approximate Models-An Operational Approach

Abstract Employing Mikusinski operational methods, estimates are obtained for the magnitude difference between the closed-loop transient responses of a distributed plant and its approximation.
Stimulus generalization as a mechanism for learning to trust

How do humans learn to trust unfamiliar others? Decisions in the absence of direct knowledge rely on our ability to generalize from past experiences and are often shaped by the degree of similarity between prior experience and novel situations. Here, we leverage a stimulus generalization framework to examine how perceptual similarity between known individuals and unfamiliar strangers shapes social learning. In a behavioral study, subjects play an iterative trust game with three partners who exhibit highly trustworthy, somewhat trustworthy, or highly untrustworthy behavior. After learning who can be trusted, subjects select new partners for a second game. Unbeknownst to subjects, each potential new partner was parametrically morphed with one of the three original players. Results reveal that subjects prefer to play with strangers who implicitly resemble the original player they previously learned was trustworthy and avoid playing with strangers resembling the untrustworthy player. These decisions to trust or distrust strangers formed a generalization gradient that converged toward baseline as perceptual similarity to the original player diminished. In a second imaging experiment we replicate these behavioral gradients and leverage multivariate pattern similarity analyses to reveal that a tuning profile of activation patterns in the amygdala selectively captures increasing perceptions of untrustworthiness. We additionally observe that within the caudate adaptive choices to trust rely on neural activation patterns similar to those elicited when learning about unrelated, but perceptually familiar, individuals. Together, these findings suggest an associative learning mechanism efficiently deploys moral information encoded from past experiences to guide future choice.
Co-Expression of Wild-Type and Mutant S163R C1QTNF5 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The pathogenic mutation S163R in C1QTNF5 causes a disorder known as autosomal dominant late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD), characterized by the presence of thick extracellular sub-RPE deposits, similar histopathologically to those found in AMD patients. We have previously shown that the S163R C1QTNF5 mutant forms globular aggregates within the RPE in vivo following its AAV-mediated expression in the RPE and exhibits a reversely polarized distribution, being routed toward the basal rather than apical RPE. We show here that when both wild-type and mutant S163R C1QTNF5 are simultaneously delivered subretinally to mouse RPE cells, the mutant impairs the wild-type protein secretion from the RPE, and both proteins are dispersed toward the basal and lateral RPE membrane. This result has mechanistic and therapeutic implications for L-ORD disorder.
Aggressive behavior is reduced in bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone

The purpose of this research was to compare the frequency of aggressive behavior's in beef bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone relative to contemporary nonimmunized control bulls and surgically castrated steers. Eight males were assigned to each ofthese treatments in each of 4 yr. Immunized males were treated with a GnRH-keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate at approximately 4 mo of age. A secondary (booster) immunization was administered at 12 mo. Steers were castrated at 4 mo of age. Animals in each treatment in each year were housed as a single group prior to testing. At approximately 16 mo of age, each group of eight animals was placed in a 10- x 16-m enclosure for 20 min on five occasions at 2 to 3 d intervals. An observer recorded butts initiated by each animal as well as participation in bouts of sparring. Relative to control bulls, immunocastration reduced the frequency of butts initiated (P 0.05). These observations indicate that active immunization against GnRH reduces the incidence of aggressive behavior in male beef cattle and are consistent with our postulate that immunoneutralization of GnRH is an effective alternative to surgical castration in the management of beef cattle.
Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium and Phosphate Absorption by Vitamin D

Publisher Summary Whole-body calcium metabolism is controlled by actions occurring within and between a number of tissues including the intestine, kidney, bone, fat mass, and brain in an effort to maintain serum calcium within a narrow range. In this light, intestinal calcium absorption from the diet is an essential process maintaining calcium balance and bone health. Under normal conditions, the saturable portion of intestinal phosphate absorption is dependent upon adequate vitamin D status. However, the mechanism for that regulation is not clear. The central player in phosphate absorption is the apical membrane sodium–phosphate cotransporter, NaPi IIb. However, while vitamin D changes the level of the NaPi Iib protein at the membrane, it does not strongly regulate the NaPi IIb gene and if it does so at all, it appears to be indirectly through an as yet unidentified factor. More importantly, even though both serum 1,25(OH)2D and intestinal phosphate absorption increase during dietary phosphate restriction, the body still has the ability to adapt to low-phosphate diets even in the absence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) or CYP27B1. This suggests that a major regulator of phosphate absorption is vitamin-D-independent and that there are critical regulators of intestinal phosphate absorption that have yet to be discovered.