cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Old drug new use - Amoxapine and its metabolites as potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitors for alleviating cancer drug toxicity

Purpose: Irinotecan (CPT-11) induced diarrhea occurs frequently in patients with cancer and limits its usage. Bacteria β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes in intestines convert the nontoxic metabolite of CPT-11, SN-38G, to toxic SN-38, and finally lead to damage of intestinal epithelial cells and diarrhea. We previously reported amoxapine as a potent GUS inhibitor in vitro. To further understand the molecular mechanism of amoxapine and its potential for treatment of CPT-11–induced diarrhea, we studied the binding modes of amoxapine and its metabolites by docking and molecular dynamics simulation, and tested the in vivo efficacy on mice in combination with CPT-11. Experimental Design: The binding of amoxapine, its metabolites, 7-hydroxyamoxapine and 8-hydroxyamoxapine, and a control drug loxapine with GUS was explored by computational protocols. The in vitro potencies of metabolites were measured by Escherichia coli GUS enzyme and cell-based assay. Low-dosage daily oral administration was designed to use along with CPT-11 to treat tumor-bearing mice. Results: Computational modeling results indicated that amoxapine and its metabolites bound in the active site of GUS and satisfied critical pharmacophore features: aromatic features near bacterial loop residue F365′ and hydrogen bond toward E413. Amoxapine and its metabolites were demonstrated as potent in vitro. Administration of low dosages of amoxapine with CPT-11 in mice achieved significant suppression of diarrhea and reduced tumor growth. Conclusions: Amoxapine has great clinical potential to be rapidly translated to human subjects for irinotecan-induced diarrhea. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3521–30. ©2014 AACR.
Automatic Optimism: Why People Assume Their Futures will be Bright

Why are people optimistic about their futures, continuously assuming that their futures will be full of the positive outcomes they desire and devoid of negative outcomes? This paper concerns the proposal that desire, represented as affective reactions to potential future events, causes optimism for the future. We propose that positive or negative affective reactions to future events innervate motivations to approach or avoid the events. These motivations can be satiated by judging that events that elicit positive affective reactions are likely to occur and events that elicit negative affective reactions are unlikely to occur. The tendency to be optimistic thus results from emotional processes that occur largely outside of conscious awareness. We discuss recent evidence that supports these propositions, the import of understanding optimism as the result of emotional processes for judgment and decision research as well as attempts to improve decision-making, and remaining unresolved issues.
Practices of psychotherapists: cultural mutuality, ideologies, and work settings*

Quand on mit en comparaison la culture et l'ideologie professionnelle des psychotherapeutes d'une region metropolitaine avec les affiliations religieuses de leurs clients, on constata que l'affinite culturelle entre therapeute et client etait plus grande dans les clienteles privees que dans les clienteles d'hopital, ce qui suggere que le therapeute et le client prive se choisissent plus souvent selon leurs formations religieuses. L'affinite culturelle est la plus grande parmi les protestants, moins grande parmi les catholiques, et encore moins parmi les juifs. Il y a aussi un rapport important entre l'affiliation religieuse du client et l'ideologie professionnelle du therapeute, surtout dans deux cas: les clients catholiques sont le plus souvent en therapie chez des therapeutes de l'analyse existentielle de Rogers, et les clients juifs le plus souvent chez des therapeutes psychanalytiques. Dans une comparaison entre la culture et l'ideologie professionnelle du therapeute et la religion du client, on trouva dans les clienteles privees moins d'affinite culturelle parmi les protestants et les juifs, et plus d'affinite culturelle parmi les catholiques; dans les clienteles d'hopital, il y a une diminution d'affinite culturelle et une augmentation concomitante de l'importance de l'ideologie professionnelle. En general, on constate que l'affinite culturelle entre le therapeute et ses clients explique la dynamique des rapports mieux que le font les relations entre l'ideologie professionnelle du therapeute et les affiliations religieuses de ses clients. When the attributes of cultural affinity and ideology of psychotherapists were related to the religious affiliations of their patients in a metropolitan area, it was found that there was higher cultural mutuality (shared culture) of therapists and patients in private practices than in organizational practices, which indicates that therapists in private practice and their patients more often mutually select each other on the basis of religious backgrounds. Cultural mutuality is highest for Protestants, followed by Catholics and then by Jews. Treatment ideologies of therapists are also importantly related to religious affiliations of patients, especially in two cases: Catholic patients are more often in therapy with Rogers-existential practitioners and Jewish patients in therapy with psychoanalytic practitioners. When cultural affinity and ideology of therapists are simultaneously considered in their relation to their patients' religions, private practices exhibit reduced cultural mutuality of Protestants and Jews and increased cultural mutuality of Catholics; in organizational practices, there is a reduction of cultural mutuality for Jews, with a concomitant increase in the importance of the ideologies. In general, it was found that cultural mutuality of therapists and their patients more importantly explains the structural patterns of the practices than the relation of the mental health ideologies of therapists and the proportions of patients' religious affiliations in the practices.
ON SUM OF PRODUCTS AND THE ERDŐS DISTANCE PROBLEM OVER FINITE FIELDS

For a prime power $q$, let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field of $q$ elements. We show that \mathbb{F}_q^{\ast} \subseteq d\mathcal{A}^2$ for almost every subset $\mathcal{A} \subset \mathbb{F}_q$ of cardinality $|\mathcal{A}| \gg q^{1 / d}$. Furthermore, if $q = p$ is a prime, and $\mathcal{A} \subseteq \mathbb{F}_p$ of cardinality $|\mathcal{A}| \gg p^{1 / 2} (\log p)^{1/d}$, then $d\mathcal{A}^2$ contains both large and small residues. We also obtain some results of this type for the Erd\H{o}s distance problem over finite fields.
Digital Calibration of a Nonlinear S/H

Sample and hold (S/H) circuits exhibit a nonlinear behavior due to the input signal dependence of the sampling switch. In this paper, we develop a mixed signal model of this nonlinearity, where the need for a mixed signal description arises from the continuous-time input and sampled output of the S/H. The model is derived by employing a Volterra series expansion. Analysis of the model reveals that as the input signal passes through the S/H, its bandwidth expands, so the signal at the MOS switch output has a bandwidth two or three times larger than the input signal. Under the assumption that the signal at the MOS switch output is sampled above its Nyquist rate, a digital correction method is presented which relies on the theory of pth degree Volterra series inverses. An adaptive blind estimation technique working in tandem with the correction method is also derived for identifying the parameters characterizing the S/H nonlinearity. Numerical simulations are presented demonstrating that for oversampled input signals, the proposed digital calibration achieves a significant spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) improvement at a relatively modest computational cost.
Impact of pump and signal wavelength on inhomogeneous characteristics of L-band EDFAs

Inhomogeneous gain saturation in C-band and L-band EDFAs is compared for the 980 nm and 1480 nm pump wavelength bands. Results demonstrate the manner in which pump wavelength and saturation signal wavelength affects the L-band inhomogeneous characteristic.
THE ENIGMA OF JAPANESE FRIENDLINESS

e HESE NIPS ARE FUNNY PEOPLE. One of 'em says to me: 'B-29 comes flying over-drops bomb on my house-Pfft, all gone-Some airplane, that B-29!'" Thus our GI driver, our first informant about the Japanese after our arrival at the airport, expressed his bewilderment. The capacity for an objective account of the American part in the war, with no resentment toward the Americans, puzzles all recent visitors to Japan. After spending the month of March there, meeting with officials, professors, teachers, school children, and common people, the impression remained unchanged that the Americans were welcome. There was no evidence of fear, none of hostility. This is the universal impression, and it is puzzling. There are plenty of reasons to hate the Americans. We have not only bombed out the cities, but we are now occupying all the best hotels and office spaces which remain intact-upwards of ioo buildings in devastated Tokyo alone. Most of the vehicles on the streets are jeeps and American trucks -constant reminders of the presence of the conquerors. The Americans have abundant food and money, while the native Japanese are struggling for survival, with shortages of food, housing, and clothing, attended by low incomes, black markets, and inflation. A proud people like the Japanese must resent all this. What is the answer? Why do they give the impression of accepting the Americans as honored guests? One conjecture is that this is just a game which the Japanese are playing. They have appraised the situation in order to determine where to lay their bets. Their one chance is to have a friendly America. They have resolved to be sporting losers, to accept our presence and our orders without defiance, and so in the end to win us over. There may be an element of truth in this conjecture, but it proposes too calculating and external a control of conduct to be effective throughout the
The first generation in the development and testing of full-scale, electric gun-launched, hypervelocity projectiles

On August 31, 1988, the first full-scale, hypervelocity projectile of tactical mass and flight configuration was launched successfully from the U.S. Green Farm 90-mm electromagnetic railgun. Advances since that "first" in the ability to use electric energy to supply either part of the propulsive force (i.e., part electrical energy and part chemical energy) or all of the propulsive force to gun-launch lethal projectiles have successfully resolved most critical issues. This paper provides an archival overview of that progress by reviewing the development and test results of five (5) full-scale, hypervelocity projectile prototypes and twelve (12) integrated launch package combinations that have been successfully interfaced and launched from: the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Tasks B and C, the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) Green Farm and Great Britain's Defense Research Agency (DRA) Kirkcudbright 90-mm, 9-MJ electromagnetic railguns; the ARDEC/USMC 17/spl times/39-mm, 0.23-MJ electromagnetic railgun; the United Defense 30-mm, 0.3-MJ electrothermal-chemical gun; and the Diehl GmbH 30-mm, 0.3-MJ liquid-electrothermal gun. In addition, several unique hypervelocity projectiles that were developed and launched from two-stage light gas guns and advanced conventional powder guns, in support of electric gun-launched projectile development, are included for subject completeness.
Evidence and Controversies in Pediatric Prehospital Airway Management

Thirty years after the formation of the Emergency Medical Services for Children program, prehospital pediatric airway management remains a high priority area for research. This review discusses the existing pediatric evidence base and explores current controversies regarding prehospital airway maneuvers and endotracheal intubation, airway adjuvant devices and rapid sequence and drug facilitated intubation.
Development and Characterization of a Three-Dimensional Organotypic Human Vaginal Epithelial Cell Model

We have developed an in vitro human vaginal epithelial cell (EC) model using the innovative rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology that recapitulates in vivo structural and functional properties, including a stratified squamous epithelium with microvilli, tight junctions, microfolds, and mucus. This three-dimensional (3-D) vaginal model provides a platform for high-throughput toxicity testing of candidate microbicides targeted to combat sexually transmitted infections, effectively complementing and extending existing testing systems such as surgical explants or animal models. Vaginal ECs were grown on porous, collagen-coated microcarrier beads in a rotating, low fluid-shear environment; use of RWV bioreactor technology generated 3-D vaginal EC aggregates. Immunofluorescence and scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed differentiation and polarization of the 3-D EC aggregates among multiple cell layers and identified ultrastructural features important for nutrient absorption, cell-cell interactions, and pathogen defense. After treatment with a variety of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokine production was quantified by cytometric bead array, confirming that TLRs 2, 3, 5, and 6 were expressed and functional. The 3-D vaginal aggregates were more resistant to nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a contraceptive and previous microbicide candidate, when compared to two-dimensional monolayers of the same cell line. A dose-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, biomarkers of cervicovaginal inflammation, correlated to microbicide toxicity in the 3-D model following N-9 treatment. These results indicate that this 3-D vaginal model could be used as a complementary tool for screening microbicide compounds for safety and efficacy, thus improving success in clinical trials.
STRUCTURE OF THE MUR1 GDP-MANNOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR LIGAND BINDING AND SPECIFICITY

GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase catalyzes the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L- fucose, the activated form of L-fucose, which is a component of glycoconjugates in plants known to be important to the development and strength of stem tissues. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the MUR1 dehydratase isoform from Arabidopsis thalianacomplexed with its NADPH cofactor as well as with the ligands GDP and GDP-D-rhamnose. MUR1 is a member of the nucleoside- diphosphosugar modifying subclass of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme family, having homologous structures and a conserved catalytic triad of Lys, Tyr, and Ser/Thr residues. MUR1 is the first member of this subfamily to be observed as a tetramer, the interface of which reveals a close and intimate overlap of neighboring NADP + -binding sites. The GDP moiety of the substrate also binds in an unusual syn conformation. The protein-ligand interactions around the hexose moiety of the substrate support the importance of the conserved triad residues and an additional Glu side chain serving as a general base for catalysis. Phe and Arg side chains close to the hexose ring may serve to confer substrate specificity at the O2 position. In the MUR1/GDP-D-rhamnose complex, a single unique monomer within the protein tetramer that has an unoccupied substrate site highlights the conformational changes that accompany substrate binding and may suggest the existence of negative cooperativity in MUR1 function.
An analysis of using expert systems and intelligent agents for the virtual library project at the Naval Surface Warfare Center—Carderock Division

"An Analysis of Using Expert Systems and Intelligent Agents for the Virtual Library Project at theNaval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division" inWorld Libraries on the InformationSuperhighway: Preparing for the Challenges of the New Millennium.Eds. John Carlo Bertot and PatriciaDiamond Fletcher. IGI Global, 2000: 169-188.Permalink. © IGI Global. www.igi-global.com. Usedwith permission.
Shell waves and acoustic scattering from ultrasound contrast agents

Ultrasound contrast agents are encapsulated microbubbles, filled either with air or a higher weight molecular gas, ranging in size from 1 to 10 /spl mu/m in diameter. The agents are modeled as air-filled spherical elastic shells of variable thickness and material properties. The scattered acoustic field is computed from a modal series solution, and reflectivity and angular scattering are then determined from the computed fields for agents of various properties. We show that contrast agents also support shell resonance responses in addition to the monopole response, which has been the focus of previous contrast agent studies. Lamb waves appear to be the source of these additional responses. A shell or curvature Lamb wave generates dipole peaks in the 1- to 40-MHz range for 2.5 to 3.5 /spl mu/m radius agents with elastic properties approximating those of albumin protein. The inclusion of damping affects the lower frequency dipole peaks but is less important for responses occurring above approximately 30 MHz. Moreover, these responses hold untapped potential for clinical ultrasound applications such as tissue perfusion studies and high frequency contrast agent imaging.
Seasonal distribution of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in the pensacola bay system, Florida

Summary Temporal and spatial distributions of Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi were assessed in the Pensacola bay system, Florida, using stationary ultrasonic telemetry. Fifty-eight Gulf sturgeon were tagged within the Escambia (n = 26), Yellow (n = 8), Blackwater (n = 12) and Choctawhatchee Rivers (n = 12) in June, July, September and October, 2005. Fifty-four Gulf sturgeon were detected at least once during the study. Migration of sturgeon occurred throughout the bay system in fall, to various winter habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and Santa Rosa Sound. In spring, tagged sturgeon migrated back through the bay system to summer habitats in rivers. Based on the duration and number of detections, Gulf sturgeon primarily used the upper portions of East and Escambia Bays as migration routes in and out of all rivers during spring and summer and inhabited the lower portion of Pensacola Bay for longer durations in fall and winter. Specific areas within the Pensacola bay system were used in summer and winter that were not previously documented as essential sturgeon habitat. Areas in southeastern Pensacola Bay were heavily used during winter by a large portion of the population. Gulf sturgeon also exhibited long-term winter residency in Santa Rosa Sound for two consecutive years. An area in northeastern Escambia Bay supported Gulf sturgeon during the summer, which was unexpected and can not be explained by the data from this study. However, the discovery that Gulf sturgeon remain in the bay during the summer has important ecological and management implications that need further investigation.
Can we trust levelled texts? An examination of their reliability and quality from a linguistic perspective

Over the past decade in the United States, levelled texts, or ‘little books’ with finely graduated levelling of text difficulty, have regained their status as a literacy staple for beginning readers. Despite their resurgence, questions remain regarding the reliability and quality of these books. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of 20 sample texts at levels 5, 10, 15 and 20, from one series of levelled books published in the United States. We found that the levelling system used in this series is not a particularly reliable indicator of text difficulty and that the quality of these books varies considerably between and within levels. We suggest that close attention to text levels could be detrimental in the reader–text matching process. We further recommend that in order to judge and select quality books that answer the needs of their students, teachers become more aware of the various factors influencing text comprehensibility and quality.
Phosphorylation of LRP1: Regulation of Transport and Signal Transduction

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. Members of this family were once thought to be involved exclusively in receptor-mediated uptake of extracellular molecules, including lipoproteins and proteases. This article reviews recent work that indicates that LRP1 is phosphorylated on both serine and tyrosine residues. Tyrosine-phosphorylated LRP1 is specifically associated with the cellular docking protein Shc. The results suggest that ligand internalization by LRP1 is regulated by phosphorylation. In addition, LRP1 is now, like several of its close relatives, implicated in signal transduction.
Map saturation and SNP marker development for the rust resistance genes (R 4 , R 5 , R 13a , and R 13b ) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Sunflower rust, which is incited by the fungus Puccinia helianthi Schwein., is the most common disease in Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and North America. Three independent genes, R 5 , R 4 , and R 13 with two alleles R 13a and R 13b , were discovered in sunflower and are promising sources of resistance to rust. R 5 was previously mapped to linkage group (LG) 2, and R 4 and R 13 were mapped to LG13 of the sunflower genome using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The objective of this study was to finely map R 5 , R 4 , R 13a , and R 13b using newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in four F2 populations previously used for SSR mapping. Of the 67 LG2 SNP markers screened, two SNPs, SFW03654 and NSA_000267, flanked R 5 at a genetic distance of 0.6 and 1.2 cM, respectively. This flanking narrowed the genetic interval containing R 5 from 5.1 to 1.8 cM in length. A total of 69 LG13 SNP markers were analyzed in the R 4 , R 13a , and R 13b populations. In the R 4 consensus map, the gene R 4 was flanked by seven SNP loci; three co-segregating SNPs are on one side (0.7 cM proximal) and four on the other side (0.6 cM distal). Similarly, SNP markers that are tightly linked to both R 13a and R 13b were identified. R 13a was flanked by SNP markers at genetic distances of 0.4 and 0.2 cM. The SNP SFW00757 co-segregated with R 13b , and another three co-segregating SNPs were 2.4 cM proximal to R 13b . A total of 368 F2 plants from the cross between a resistant BC3F2 plant carrying R 5 with HA-R6 carrying R 13a were first screened by SSR markers to identify “double-resistant” lines. Twelve F2 plants were identified to be homozygous for a combination of R 5 and R 13a , which was further confirmed with additional SNP markers developed in the present study. The double-resistant line developed in this study may provide a source of durable resistance to manage rust in confection sunflower production and will help mitigate selection pressure on each gene by the pathogen.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: can the horse be put back in the barn?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), an inherited disease of the heart muscle, is among the most common Mendelian cardiac diseases, occurring in 1 in 500 people [(1)][1]. Advances in genetics have facilitated identification of a subpopulation of patients with pathogenic variants in cardiac sarcomere
Suction loss during femtosecond laser–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction: Incidence and analysis of risk factors

Purpose To determine the incidence of and analyze risk factors for suction loss during femtosecond laser–assisted small incision lenticule extraction in the management of myopia or myopic astigmatism. Setting Roayah Vision Correction Center, Alexandria, Egypt. Design Retrospective comparative case-control study. Methods All eyes that had femtosecond laser–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism performed between August 2010 and April 2014 were included. Eyes that developed suction loss were identified. Their characteristics, including demographic data (age and sex), eye laterality, manifest refraction, flat keratometry (K) reading, steep K reading, K astigmatism, optical zone, central corneal thickness, and corneal cap diameter and thickness, were compared with those in randomly selected control eyes to determine the risk factors for developing suction loss. Results Of the 3376 eyes that had femtosecond laser–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction during the study, 70 (2.1%) developed loss of suction. The incidence decreased with surgical experience (5.06% in 2010, 3.59% in 2011, 3.41% in 2012, 2.32% in 2013, and 1.84% in 2014), suggesting a learning curve. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that eyes with a larger cap diameter were significantly more likely to develop suction loss (P = .023; odds ratio, 9.60). Conclusions Surgical experience significantly decreased the risk for suction loss during femtosecond laser–assisted small incision lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism but did not eliminate it. A larger cap diameter significantly increased the risk for developing the suction loss. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The strength of BEOL structures fabricated using low K materials and its impact on CPI failures

The paper examines the factors that affect the formation of delaminations under C4 joints during chip joining. Through multiscale finite element modeling and chip joining experiments we find that two important parameters determining the susceptibility to C4 delaminations (white bumps) are the effective modulus of the low-K levels in the BEOL stack and the thickness of the upper level in the stack that are built in an oxide dielectric. A simple effective spring model is developed to estimate the impact of metal loading at the via and line levels of interconnect structure on the effective modulus of the low-K dielectric stack. The importance of the effective modulus as a parameter controlling white bump formation is confirmed using a purpose built chip in which the effective modulus is modulated in each corner of the chip. Based on the observations from chip joining experiments it is demonstrated that failng BEOL structures can be differentiated from safe structures using a fail/safe map that is constructed using the effective modulus of the low-K levels and the thickness of the oxide levels as the two axes of the map.
How black holes saved relativity

While there have been many popular-science books on the historical and scientific legacy of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, a gap exists in the literature for a definitive, accessible history of the theory's most famous offshoot: black holes. In Black Hole, the science writer Marcia Bartusiak aims for a discursive middle ground, writing solely about black holes at a level suitable for both high-school students and more mature readers while also giving some broader scientific context for black-hole research.
Rearing the Western Corn Rootworm in the Laboratory

In recent years the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, has become a pest of increased economic importance in Nebraska and Kansas because of the failure of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to control the species (Ball and Weekman 1962). Economically important populations of this insect have developed also in South Dakota, Iowa, and Minnesota. As a result, detailed laboratory studies of the physiology, toxicology, and biology of this insect were initiated in 1963 at the Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory at Brookings, South Dakota. To facilitate such studies, it was necessary to develop laboratory rearing methods. The technique reported here is not definitive or highly refined and is being modified continuously though it is quite usable in its present form.
Intubation of the Pancreatic Duct in the Human.

SummaryA technique is described for intubating the duct of Wirung in the human during the operative procedure of transduodenal sphincterotomy. Through this tube the pancreatic duct can be drained and also visualized roentgenographically. Quantitative studies of the composition of the pancreatic juice under various conditions can be carried out at will.
Attribute Selection Method based on Minimum Description Length and Genetic Algorithm

A new attribute selection method based on genetic algorithm and minimum description length has been proposed in order to increase the classification effect of categorizer after using attribute selection method.After comparing the two available methods on Weka platform: GeneticSearch + CfsSubsetEval and BestFirst + CfsSubsetEval,it's shown that the method can increase the attribute selection method in some degree.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.

In 1988, Daumas-Duport et al. reported a series of 39 morphologically unique neuroepithelial tumors associated with medically intractable partial complex seizures and coined the term “dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor” (DNT) for these lesions (1). This lesion has subsequently been included in the most recent World Health Organization Histologic Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System as a “benign supratentorial mixed glial-neuronal neoplasm characterized by its intracortical location, multinodular architecture, and heterogeneous cellular composition” (2). Since its recognition as a distinct entity, identification of this lesion has increased. The tumor most frequently presents in pediatric-aged patients. In the series of 39 tumors reported by Daumas-Duport et al., the mean age of symptom onset was 9 years (1). The most common presentation included chronic seizures ranging from 2 to 18 years (mean 9 years) in duration. Similar to ganglioglioma, another chronic epilepsy related tumor, the most common site of origin for DNT is the temporal lobe. Cases have been described in all three of the remaining cortical lobes and rarely in other locations in the central nervous system (1,3–5). Rare cases of DNT arising in the setting of neurofibromatosis type I have also been reported (6).
Using highway mapping data graphs and map visualizations in computer science courses: tutorial presentation

This tutorial presentation will introduce attendees to the use of the data and tools developed as part of the "Clinched Highway Mapping Data as a Pedagogical Tool" project. The project makes available a wide selection of graph data sets that represent various subsets of North American and European highway systems, along with visualization tools built using the Google Maps API.
Brian Epstein, The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences. Reviewed by

In The Ant Trap, Brian Epstein proposes a bold new systematic strategy for developing social ontology. He explores the history and current state of the art and provides pointed critiques of leading theories in the field. His framework, incompassing frames that provide principles for grounding social facts, is developed in some detail across a variety of social practices and applied to revealing real world as well as hyporthetical examples. If Epstein's account holds, it should provide new directions and standards of inquiry in both social sciecne and social philiosophy.
Guest Column: Local Testing and Decoding of High-Rate Error-Correcting Codes

We survey the state of the art in constructions of locally testable codes, locally decodable codes and locally correctable codes of high rate.
A Multiple-Model Convection-Permitting Ensemble Examination of the Probabilistic Prediction of Tropical Cyclones: Hurricanes Sandy (2012) and Edouard (2014)

AbstractThis study examines a multimodel comparison of regional-scale convection-permitting ensembles including both physics and initial condition uncertainties for the probabilistic prediction of Hurricanes Sandy (2012) and Edouard (2014). The model cores examined include COAMPS-TC, HWRF, and WRF-ARW. Two stochastic physics schemes were also applied using the WRF-ARW model. Each ensemble was initialized with the same initial condition uncertainties represented by the analysis perturbations from a WRF-ARW-based real-time cycling ensemble Kalman filter. It is found that single-core ensembles were capable of producing similar ensemble statistics for track and intensity for the first 36–48 h of model integration, with biases in the ensemble mean evident at longer forecast lead times along with increased variability in spread. The ensemble spread of a multicore ensemble with members sampled from single-core ensembles was generally as large or larger than any constituent model, especially at longer lead times....
6.23 Oxidation: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Alkenes

Organocatalyzed asymmetric epoxidation has become a pivotal part of the field of asymmetric epoxidation over the past 15 years. This chapter will cover the significant progress that has been made in organocatalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of various types of olefins.
Memory persistency

Emerging nonvolatile memory technologies (NVRAM) promise the performance of DRAM with the persistence of disk. However, constraining NVRAM write order, necessary to ensure recovery correctness, limits NVRAM write concurrency and degrades throughput. We require new memory interfaces to minimally describe write constraints and allow high performance and high concurrency data structures. These goals strongly resemble memory consistency. Whereas memory consistency concerns the order that memory operations are observed between numerous processors, persistent memory systems must constrain the order that writes occur with respect to failure. We introduce memory persistency, a new approach to designing persistent memory interfaces, building on memory consistency. Similar to memory consistency, memory persistency models may be relaxed to improve performance. We describe the design space of memory persistency and desirable features that such a memory system requires. Finally, we introduce several memory persistency models and evaluate their ability to expose NVRAM write concurrency using two implementations of a persistent queue. Our results show that relaxed persistency models accelerate system throughput 30-fold by reducing NVRAM write constraints
A Diffusion-Perfusion MRI Signature Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis

12 Introduction: Hemorrhagic transformation is a major limitation of thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A method to identify patients at high risk for hemorrhage would be of substantial value for selecting the best candidates for treatment. Methods: Diffusion-perfusion MRIs were obtained prior to treatment and at 7 days post-treatment in patients with large vessel anterior circulation occlusions treated with intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis. Patients received either combined IV/IA tPA or only IA thrombolytics (tPA or urokinase) within 6 hours of symptom onset. CT scans were performed immediately following the angiographic procedure and at 24 hours. Regions of hemorrhagic transformation were outlined on the post-treatment scans, which were then co-registered to the pretreatment MRI. A stepwise discriminant analysis was performed using pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and mean transit time (MTT) measures to identify voxels that developed hemorrhage. Results: Eighteen patients were studied with mean age 73, 12 females / 5 males, median NIHSS score 14. Five patients (29%) developed regions of hemorrhagic transformation following therapy. There were no significant differences in time to pretreatment MRI or time to completion of thrombolysis between patients who developed hemorrhage vs. those that did not. For regions that developed hemorrhage, mean ADC was 583 um2/sec and mean MTT was 38 secs, vs. 746 and 25 for regions that went on to infarction, vs. 874 and 17 for regions that were salvaged (p Conclusions: In humans undergoing intra-arterial thrombolysis, pretreatment MRI ADC values are significantly lower and MTT values significantly higher in regions that develop hemorrhagic transformation compared to regions that are salvaged or develop ischemic infarction. Using these variables, a discriminant model can correctly classify tissue fate with overall accuracy of 85%.
Transimperial Networks of Slave Trading, Piracy, and Empire Building in the Iberian Atlantic

This essay reviews the following works: The Admirable Adventures and Strange Fortunes of Master Anthony Knivet: An English Pirate in Sixteenth-Century Brazil. Edited by Vivien Kogut Lessa de Sa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. x + 230. $25.19 paper. ISBN: 9781107463004. Privateering, Piracy, and British Policy in Spanish America, 1810–1830. By Matthew McCarthy. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, 2013. Pp. vi + 184. $115.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781843838616. Monsters by Trade: Slave Traffickers in Modern Spanish Literature and Culture. By Lisa Surwillo. Stanford, CA: Sanford University Press, 2014. Pp. vii + 251. $55.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780804788793. Amistad: A Hidden Network of Slavers and Merchants. By Michael Zeuske. Translated from the German by Steven Rendall. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2015. Pp. vii + 267. $24.10 paper. ISBN: 9781558765931.
Probe-Substrate Distance Control in Desorption Electrospray Ionization

We introduce probe-substrate distance (Dps)-control to desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and report a systematic investigation of key experimental parameters. Examination of voltage, flow rate, and nebulizing gas pressure suggests as Dps decreases, the distance-dependent spray current increases, until a critical point. At the critical point the relationship inverts, and the spray current decreases as the probe moves closer to the surface due to constriction of solution flow by the nebulizing gas. Dps control was used to explore the use of spray current as a signal for feedback positioning, while mass spectrometry imaging was performed simultaneously. Further development of this technique is expected to find application in study of structure-function relationships for clinical diagnostics, biological investigation, and materials characterization. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
N-terminal and central domains of APC function to regulate branch number, length and angle in developing optic axonal arbors in vivo.

Abstract During formation of neuronal circuits, axons navigate long distances to reach their target locations in the brain. When axons arrive at their target tissues, in many cases, they extend collateral branches and/or terminal arbors that serve to increase the number of synaptic connections they make with target neurons. Here, we investigated how Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) regulates terminal arborization of optic axons in living Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The N-terminal and central domains of APC that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton and stability of β-catenin in the Wnt pathway, were co-expressed with GFP in individual optic axons, and their terminal arbors were then imaged in tectal midbrains of intact tadpoles. Our data show that the APCNTERM and APCβ-cat domains both decreased the mean number, and increased the mean length, of branches in optic axonal arbors relative to control arbors in vivo. Additional analysis demonstrated that expression of the APCNTERM domain increased the average bifurcation angle of branching in optic axonal arbors. However, the APCβ-cat domain did not significantly affect the mean branch angle of arbors in tecta of living tadpoles. These data suggest that APC N-terminal and central domains both modulate number and mean length of branches optic axonal arbors in a compensatory manner, but also define a specific function for the N-terminal domain of APC in regulating branch angle in optic axonal arbors in vivo. Our findings establish novel mechanisms for the multifunctional protein APC in shaping terminal arbors in the visual circuit of the developing vertebrate brain.
The Securitized Student

In what follows I show how the discourse of security is being used to unite educational policy reform with other U.S. foreign and domestic policies that foster repression and the amassing of corporate wealth and power at the expense of democracy. I identify a number of different meanings of security: students are being turned into securities in the sense of commodities; students are being made into securities in the form of investment opportunities; students are being increasingly subjected to repressive security apparatus in the form of zero tolerance policies, surveillance, searches, and police presence; students are being made less secure by the continuation of neoliberal policies that gut the care giving and social support role of the public sphere.
High Resolution Spectra with HST Of Shocked Clouds in the Vela Remnant

In order to expand our understanding of the Vela Remnant we have started a program with the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain spectra of moderate resolution. By observing carefully selected stars in the most important wavelength regions we are endeavoring to derive more accurate temperatures, pressures and chemical abundances in the Vela clouds.
Indirect Processes in Affect Socialization

The vast majority of socialization studies and most of socialization theory have been guided by social learning tenets of observational learning and instrumental conditioning. The emphasis in this chapter is not on these direct methods of socialization but on indirect processes that influence the form and course of emotional development. These indirect processes are embedded in interpersonal relations, verbal and nonverbal communication, and organismic constraints imposed by the developmental level (or complexity) of the individuals involved. The kinds of indirect processes examined here emphasize how expectancies are acquired for determining how one is to feel and how one is to express one’s feelings “appropriately.”
Scalable Parallel Algorithms for Unstructured Problems

In this paper we summarize our work on development of parallel algorithms for searching large unstructured trees, and for finding solution of large sparse systems of linear equations. Search of large unstructured trees is at the core of many important algorithms for solving discrete optimization problems. Solution of large sparse systems of equations is required for solving many important scientific computing problems. For both of these domains, we show that highly scalable parallel algorithms can be developed, and these algorithms can obtain high speedup on a large number of processors.
STUDY OF THE HARD FORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN FIELD MINE OF WESTERN MACEDONIA LIGNITE CENTER FOR 2003-2009

Σημαντικό πρόβλημα για την eκμeτάλλeυση του λιγνίτη στο Ορυχeίο Νοτίου Πeδίου του Λιγνιτικού Κέντρου Δυτικής Μακeδονίας αποτeλeί η παρουσία σκληρών σχηματισμών eντός του υπeρκeιμένου. Οι σκληροί αυτοί σχηματισμοί συνίστανται από κροκαλοπαγή, λατυποπαγή, ψαμμίτeς και πηλίτeς. Eπeιδή η eξόρυξη τους δeν eίναι δυνατή μe καδοφόρο eκσκαφέα, η απομάκρυνση τους αποτeλeί αντικeίμeνο ιδιαίτeρης δραστηριότητας, η οποία πeριλαμβάνeι χρήση eκρηκτικών υλών και ντηζeλοκίνητου eξοπλισμού. Οι eν λόγω σκληροί σχηματισμοί, οι οποίοι αποτέθηκαν σe διαφορeτικές γeωλογικές πeριόδους, αναπτύσσονται eντός 3 στρωματογραφικών eνοτήτων, οι οποίeς διακρίνονται χρωματικά στην eρυθρόφαιο, κιτρινότeφρο και πρασινότeφρο σeιρά ιζημάτων. Η μeλέτη της παρουσίας, της eξάπλωσης, της κατανομής και του προσδιορισμού των σκληρών σχηματισμών αποτeλeί σημαντικό κομμάτι της συνολικής μeλέτης eκμeτάλλeυσης του ορυχeίου, προκeιμένου να eξαχθούν χρήσιμα συμπeράσματα για τον σχeδιασμό της λeιτουργίας των μηχανημάτων και την ένταξη και αξιοποίηση του eξοπλισμού. Από τη μeλέτη προέκυψe ότι το ποσοστό σκληρών σχηματισμών eντός της eρυθροφαίου σeιράς ιζημάτων ανέρχeται σe 38%, eντός της κιτρινοφαίου σe 49% και της πρασινοτέφρου σe 2%. Το συνολικό ποσοστό των σκληρών σχηματισμών ανέρχeται σe 26,2% eπί του συνόλου του υπeρκeιμένου
Disparity in access to kidney allograft offers among transplant candidates with human immunodeficiency virus

Background Despite a survival benefit from transplantation and acceptable outcomes, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) face barriers to kidney transplantation. Little is known about the acceptance or decline of organ offers on their behalf because waitlist registry data do not include HIV serostatus. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using match run data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, including every kidney offer from May 1, 2007, to July 3, 2013. HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serostatus were obtained by merging the match run with clinical data from a large dialysis provider. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to evaluate differences in time to the first organ offer and to transplantation. A total of 35 646 uninfected, 2213 HCV+, 418 HIV+, and 71 HIV+/HCV+ candidates received organ offers during the study period. Results Compared to uninfected candidates, HIV+ candidates had a significantly lower likelihood of receiving a first offer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.99) and undergoing transplantation (aHR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98) after receiving a first offer; HCV+ candidates had a similar likelihood of receiving a first offer (aHR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.92-1.03) and greater likelihood of transplantation after receiving a first offer (aHR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12-1.36). Conclusions HIV+ candidates had a significantly longer wait until their first organ offer and to transplantation. Efforts to increase their access to transplantation are needed.
A Critical Race Theory Analysis of the 'Demographic Diversity' Gap in Schools: College Students of Color Speak Their Truth.

ABSTRACTThe shortage of Teachers of Color relative to the growing racial/ethnic diversity of the U.S. public school student population has caught the attention of many educators and policy makers. ...
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 depletion is protective in age-associated vascular stiffening.

Increased central vascular stiffness augments risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Despite significant advances in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of vascular stiffeni...
Making Meaning of Graduate Students' and Preservice Teachers' E-Mail Communication in a Community of Practice

This inquiry examined graduate students’ and preservice teachers’ e-mail communication as they made decisions about supporting the instructional needs of children at-risk in a community of practice summer literacy camp. The correspondence gradually evolved from impersonal to interpersonal communication over a ten-week time span, and influenced the preservice teachers’ responses. Seven themes were identified in the graduate students’ messages that ranged from questioning and complaining to promoting collaboration. The study illuminates the developmental stages of interpersonal relationships and demonstrates the reciprocal nature of interactive dialogue through the medium of e-mail communication. Conclusions are that long-term e-mail exchanges can fbuberfacilitate quality relationships and provide a venue for educators to share thoughts, seek advice, and discuss teaching achievements and problems. Key Words: Community of Practice, Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), E-mail Exchange Preservice Teachers, and Graduate Students
Adjuvant therapy and molecular profiling for inoperable gliomas

Abstract Gliomas are the most common and lethal primary brain tumors. The mainstay of treatment for high-grade gliomas is maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent temozolamide chemotherapy and fractionated radiation therapy. Despite aggressive treatment, these tumors are diffusely infiltrative at presentation and relentlessly progressive with median survival