cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing light-atom interactions via atomic bunching

There is a broad interest in enhancing the strength of light-atom interactions to the point where injecting a single photon induces a nonlinear material response. Here we show theoretically that sub-Doppler-cooled two-level atoms that are spatially organized by weak optical fields give rise to a nonlinear material response that is greatly enhanced beyond that attainable in a homogeneous gas. Specifically, in the regime where the intensity of the applied optical fields is much less than the off-resonance saturation intensity, we show that the third-order nonlinear susceptibility scales inversely with atomic temperature and, due to this scaling, can be two orders of magnitude larger than that of a homogeneous gas for typical experimental parameters. As a result, we predict that spatially bunched two-level atoms can exhibit single-photon nonlinearities. Our model is valid for all regimes of atomic bunching and simultaneously accounts for the backaction of the atoms on the optical fields. Our results agree with previous theoretical and experimental results for light-atom interactions that have considered only limited regimes of atomic bunching. For lattice beams tuned to the low-frequency side of the atomic transition, we find that the nonlinearity transitions from a self-focusing type to a self-defocusing type at a critical intensity. We also show that higher than third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities are significant in the regime where the dipole potential energy is on the order of the atomic thermal energy. We therefore find that it is crucial to retain high-order nonlinearities to accurately predict interactions of laser fields with spatially organized ultracold atoms. The model presented here is a foundation for modeling low-light-level nonlinear optical processes for ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
TO CATCH A THIEF

![Figure][1] Most humans don't consider bird brains to be particularly impressive. Witness the fact that `bird brain' is an insult used to denote stupidity in humans. Perhaps some birds are not particularly intelligent by human standards (especially the ones that we have bred for eating).
Observation and interpretation of fast sub‐visual light pulses from the night sky

Fast large-aperture photometers directed at the zenith on clear nights near Minneapolis have recorded many light pulses in the msec time range, but aside from man-made events these were almost entirely due to Rayleigh-scattered distant lightning, with a residual very low rate (less than 0.1/hr) of unidentified pulses. It is argued that 1-msec light pulses seen in several previous experiments may also be mostly Rayleigh-scattered lightning, rather than fluorescent light due to electron precipitation from lightning-induced whistlers as previously proposed.
Evidence That Cellular Proliferation Contributes to Relaxin-Induced Growth of Both the Vagina and the Cervix in the Pregnant Rat*

It is well established that cervical growth during rat pregnancy is relaxin dependent. The first objective of this study was to determine if relaxin also promotes vaginal growth in the pregnant rat. Finding that this is the case, the second objective of this study was to determine if cell proliferation accompanies relaxin-dependent vaginal and cervical growth during rat pregnancy. Primiparous pregnant rats were ovariectomized (O) or sham ovariectomized (group C) on day 9 (D9) of pregnancy, before relaxin (R) is detectable in the peripheral circulation. After ovariectomy, rats were treated continuously with progesterone (P) and estrogen (E, group OPE), or P, E, and porcine R (group OPER) in doses that restored normal pregnancy and parturition parameters. P and E were administered via silicon tubing implants. R was administered from miniature osmotic pumps. Vaginas and cervices were collected on D9 and D22 from group C, and on D22 from groups OPE and OPER (n = 6/group). Vaginas and cervices were weighed, fr...
Paving Paradise Exploring an Urban “Partnership‐with‐Nature” Frame

This article explores the possibility of a “partnership-with-nature” frame as experienced through interactions with urban “green” buildings. The discussion is situated in the broader context of an emerging green building movement and the cultural role played by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification framework and its supporting networks. Examples are drawn from an ethnographic case study of a particular green building, the Heifer International headquarters in Little Rock. More broadly, the article reflects on how nature and culture are coming together in new ways in our real and imagined urban spaces.
On the use of race and ethnicity as variables in violence research.

Race and ethnicity are important social constructs. However, they are also complex constructs, and handling them appropriately and without bias in scientific research remains a challenge. This editorial identifies some limitations of common approaches to using race and ethnicity merely as “social address” markers. The need to consider ways that race, ethnicity, and related constructs such as national origin might vary outside the United States is also addressed. Fourteen specific suggestions are offered for ways to improve the handling of race and ethnicity in psychology research, with a specific focus on the topic of violence research. These include fairly simple steps, such as using racial and ethnic designations as adjectives, not nouns, and providing detailed racial and ethnic membership for your entire sample without collapsing across dissimilar groups just because they are few in number. Others are more resourceintensive steps, such as adopting sampling frames that will lead to more diverse samples or greater inclusion of understudied groups. With specific regard to violence research, we need more research on topics such as hate crimes, cultural adaptations of prevention and intervention programs, and evaluations of whether prevention and intervention work equally well across racial and ethnic groups.
Protective and Destructive Immunity in the Periodontium: Part 1—Innate and Humoral Immunity and the Periodontium

Based on the results of recent research in the field, the present paper will discuss the protective and destructive aspects of the innate vs. adaptive (humoral and cell-mediated) immunity associated with the bacterial virulent factors or antigenic determinants during periodontal pathogenesis. Attention will be focused on: (i) the Toll-like receptors (TLR), the innate immune repertoire for recognizing the unique molecular patterns of microbial components that trigger innate and adaptive immunity for effective host defenses, in some general non-oral vs. periodontal microbial infections; (ii) T-cell-mediated immunity, Th-cytokines, and osteoclastogenesis in periodontal disease progression; and (iii) some molecular techniques developed and used to identify critical microbial virulence factors or antigens associated with host immunity (using Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis as the model species). Therefore, further understanding of the molecular interactions and mechanisms associated with the host's innate and adaptive immune responses will facilitate the development of new and innovative therapeutics for future periodontal treatments.
Optimization method to reduce blocking artifacts in JPEG images

This paper presents an optimization method to reduce blocking artifacts in JPEG images by utilizing the image gradient information. A closed-form solution is derived for the optimization method. To address the computational feasibility aspect of the large matrices involved in the closed-form solution, a sliding window approach is devised. The performance of the developed method is compared with several blocking artifacts reduction methods in the literature and also with the deblocking filter deployed in high efficiency video coding by examining the three measures of peak signal-to-noise ratio, generalized block-edge impairment metric ( M GBIM ), and structural similarity. The comparison results indicate the effectiveness of the introduced method in particular for low bit-rate JPEG images.
From Passive Acceptance to Active Commitment A Model of Feminist Identity Development for Women

This article presents a model of feminist identity development for women. The model is derived, in part, from Cross's (1971) theory of Black identity development and is based on the premise that women who live in contemporary society must first acknowledge, then struggle with, and repeatedly work through their feelings about the prejudice and discrimination they experience as women in order to achieve authentic and positive feminist identity. The stages in this process include passive acceptance, revelation, embeddedness-emanation, synthesis, and active commitment. Implications of the model are outlined for women, nonsexist and feminist psychotherapies and contemporary society.
Requirements Traceability - When and How does it Deliver more than it Costs?

Finding the right traceability process that delivers effective and efficient traceability can be difficult. This panel explores traceability challenges and solutions for finding the right techniques and process to deliver costeffective traceability within an organization.
Information Fusion Based on Collective Intelligence for Multi-robot Search and Rescue Missions

In this paper, we introduce an automatic information fusion method that exploits the collective intelligence of mobile robots to efficiently “crowdsource” victim detection tasks. We reduce the load on the operators requiring them to acknowledge only presence of the victim in an image (to annotate the image). The task of finding victim location is performed via automatic fusion of annotated images from the image queue.
A User Interface for Architectural Design, A Case Study

The user interface constructs of a building design system are presented. The definition and implementation of this program is part of an integrated building design system that was developed, in demonstration form, for the U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers. This paper also explores some problems with the approach that was taken that became apparent through this implementation.
Changes in self-reported academic cheating across the transition from middle school to high school

Abstract Changes in early adolescents' self-reported cheating behaviors in mathematics before and after the transition from middle school to high school are examined. Students were surveyed in school regarding their cheating behaviors in math, and the motivational goal structures perceived in their math classrooms. Surveys were completed twice during the eighth grade (during middle school) and once at the end of the ninth grade (at the end of the first year in high school). Results indicated that self-reported cheating did not change in the year prior to the high school transition, but that reported cheating increased after the transition. Additional analyses indicated that across the high school transition, self-reported cheating in math increased for students who moved from high mastery to low mastery-oriented classes after the transition, and for students who moved from low performance to high performance-oriented classes; in contrast, self-reported cheating decreased for students who moved from low to high mastery-oriented math classrooms.
Two-photon 3-D optical memories

An optical volume memory based on two photon effect providing high storage density and memory bandwidth is described. Preliminary experimental data is presented.
Economic model predictive control of a transport-reaction process

This work focuses on the development and evaluation of an economic model predictive control (EMPC) system for a non-isothermal tubular reactor where a second-order chemical reaction takes place. The tubular reactor is modeled by two nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Galerkin's method is initially used to derive finite-dimensional systems that capture the dominant dynamics of the parabolic PDEs which are subsequently used for EMPC design. The EMPC formulation uses as an economic cost function the integral of the reaction rate along the length of the reactor over a certain operation interval subject to constraints on the control action (reactant concentration in the feed to the reactor). Closed-loop simulations in which the low-order EMPC system is applied to a high-order discretization of the PDEs demonstrate that the EMPC operates the process in a time-varying fashion and improves the economic cost over steady-state operation using the same amount of reactant material over a fixed period of operation.
Modulus−suction−moisture relationship for compacted soils

The ultimate parameter of interest in engineering design of compacted subgrades and support fills for highways, railroads, airfields, parking lots, and mat foundations is often the soil modulus. Modulus of compacted soils depends not only on dry unit weight and moisture but also on matric suction and soil structure (or fabric) resulting from the compaction process. However, these relationships in the as-compacted state (i.e., immediately after compaction) have not yet been extensively explored. This paper presents an experimental laboratory study of the shear modulus – matric suction – moisture content-dry unit weight relationship using three compacted subgrade soils. Compacted subgrade specimens were prepared over a range of molding water contents from dry to wet of optimum using enhanced, standard, and reduced Proctor efforts. A nondestructive elastic wave propagation technique, known as bender elements, was used to assess the shear wave velocity and corresponding small-strain shear modulus (Go) of the ...
ON LINE RELATIONAL MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES AND PERCEPTIONS OF PARTNERS WITHIN EXCLUSIVELY INTERNET BASED AND PRIMARILY INTERNET-BASED RELATIONSHIPS.

While relational maintenance has been found to be an important aspect of interpersonal relationships within the face‐to‐face world, the nature of relational maintenance among partners within computer‐mediated relationships is a relatively unexplored area. This study examined the use of maintenance strategies and perceptions of relational partners among (N = 178) undergraduate students within exclusively Internet‐based and primarily Internet‐based relationships. The findings indicated that positivity and openness were the most frequently used maintenance strategies. People who used positivity and on‐line activities had higher perceptions of attitude similarity than people using avoidance strategies, and people who used positivity and openness perceived their partner's quality of communication to be higher than those who used other strategies. People maintaining primarily Internet‐based relationships had higher relational communication and background similarity scores than people maintaining exclusively Int...
Assessing parental self-efficacy for obesity prevention related behaviors

Reliable, valid and theoretically consistent measures that assess a parent’s self-efficacy for helping a child with obesity prevention behaviors are lacking. To develop measures of parental self-efficacy for four behaviors: 1) helping their child get at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity every day, 2) helping one’s child consume five servings of fruits and vegetables each day, 3) limiting sugary drinks to once a week, and 4) limiting consumption of fruit juice to 6 ounces every day. Sequential methods of scale development were used. An item pool was generated based on theory and qualitative interviews, and reviewed by content experts. Scales were administered to parents or legal guardians of children 4–10 years old. The item pool was reduced using principal component analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the resulting models in a separate sample. 304 parents, majority were women (88%), low-income (61%) and single parents (61%). Ethnic distribution was 40% Black and 37% white. All scales had excellent fit indices: Comparative fit index > .98 and chi-squares (Pediatrics 120 Suppl 4:S229-253, 2007) = .85 – 7.82. Alphas and one-week test-retest ICC’s were ≥ .80. Significant correlations between self-efficacy scale scores and their corresponding behaviors ranged from .13-.29 (all p < .03). We developed four, four-item self-efficacy scales with excellent psychometric properties and construct validity using diverse samples of parents. Clinical trial registration: NCT01768533 .
Continuum Damage Mechanics Studies on the Dynamic Fracture of Concrete

The dynamic fracture of concrete in tension is studied by applying a continuum damage model developed by the author and his coworkers [1–3]. In this model, the degree of damage in concrete corresponds to the fraction of concrete volume that has been tension relieved, and tensile microcracking has been taken as the damage mechanism. In compression, the concrete is assumed to respond in an elastic/perfectly plastic manner. Strain-rate effects have been explicitly included in the model. Accumulation of damage in the material is reflected by the progressive weakening of the material stiffness. Examples involving center- and edge-cracked plate specimens subjected to the action of step and ramp loads are used to demonstrate the material responses predicted by the model. The bulk pressure versus strain relationships at locations close to the crack tip clearly show strain-softening behavior. The damage tends to localize around the crack and its extent in the specimen is dependent upon both the crack geometry and the loading type. These results are presented and their implications are discussed.
A qualitative approach to mechanical constraint

This paper provides a qualitative analysis of instantaneous, constrained motions in rigid bodies. We develop a symbolic spatial representation to describe the effects of configuration on the dynamic behavior of rigid objects. We also explore the way symbolic shape information may be used to reason about force transmission. This information may be used to provide a static analysis for a given configuration and is an important component of the calculation of behavioral transitions when envisioning device behavior. All results are based on an implementation.
The application of artificial intelligence techniques to cooperative distributed processing

Knowledge-based Artifical Intelligence (AI) systems have incorporated mechanisms which resolve uncertainty. This uncertainty systems from incompleteness and noise in input data and from errorful processing. Resolution of uncertainty is also an important issue in the design of disributed processing systems. Uncertainty is introduced in these systems from the use of incomplete and inconsistent local data bases and from errorful communication channels. The mechanisms used in knowledge-based AI systems provide a model for the design of disturbed algorithms which can resolve uncertainty as an integral part of thier problem solving activity. Use of such algorithms in a distributed processing system makes possible a reduction in the amount of inter-node communication required to resolve uncertainty. This reduction in communication requirements allows effective distribution of applications that are impractical using current approaches to the design of distributed algorithms.
Construction Management Dissertation Abstracts: A Bounded Qualitative Meta-Study

ABSTRACTA bounded qualitative meta-study framework was used to examine 61 dissertation abstracts found in the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses TM digital database from 2000 through 2014. The search terms construction management/industry and business and research were used. The overarching research question was: What can we learn from examining doctoral dissertations abstracts focusing on construction management research? The findings provide an overview of doctoral research and discussion regarding: our meta-study framework, methods and procedures, findings, and possible discussion items. The peak year for PhD awards was 2005 with 10 dissertations. Only 34% mentioned a guiding framework, and 23% used a model. Topics focused on Leadership, 33%, Management, 60%, CM Education, 5%, and Social Issues, 2%. Evidence suggests that construction education research may be relatively hidden due to the unstructured nature of the abstracts and the low number of results returned using the construction focused keywords. ...
A Design Methodology for Lifelong Aircraft Evolution

With ever-increasing program cost and system complexity, modern aerospace systems are expected to fulfill wide variety of missions satisfying diverse customers for a long period of time. Successful aircraft designs have been meeting the expectation by adapting to evolving operational requirements through design upgrades and technology replacement. Identifying the need for a design methodology that incorporates future requirement and design changes from the inception of the design, this research proposes a systematic approach with which time-phased requirement is defined, shortand long-term aircraft development strategies are composed, and the value and risk of those strategies are evaluated. The proposed Evaluation of Lifelong Vehicle Evolution (EvoLVE) method is a twoor multi-stage representation of the aircraft design process that accommodates initial development phases as well as follow-on phases. One of the key elements of this method is the Stochastic Programming with Recourse (SPR) technique, which accounts for uncertainties associated with future requirements. The remedial approach of SPR in its two distinctive problem-solving steps is well suited to aircraft design problems where derivatives, retrofits, and upgrades have been used to fix designs that were once but no longer optimal. The solution approach of SPR is complemented by the Risk-Averse Strategy Selection (RASS) technique to gauge risk associated with vehicle evolution options. In the absence of a full description of the random space, a scenario-based approach captures the randomness with a few probable scenarios and reveals implications of different future events. Last, an interactive framework for decision-making support allows simultaneous navigation of the current and future design space with a greater degree of freedom.
The characteristic of coronary angiographic of patients with acute none_Q wave myocardial infarction

Objective:To analyse the characteristic of coronary angiographic of acute none_Q wave myocardial infarction(NQMI).Method:Retrospective analyse 96 cases of coronary angiographic of none_Q wave myocardial infarction.By using the LC Plus function in GE Angiography Machine to analyse the 1esion vessel.Result:We got 34 single vessel disease:26 two_vessel disease,and 36 triple_vessel disease;and 9 cases of LM.Infarction related artery (IRA) include 2 of LM;50 of LAD;26 of LCX;18 of RCA.The lesion type include 26 type A(44.8%):19 type B(32.7%);13 type C(22.4%).Conclusion:We demonstrated that the patients with non_Q wave myocardial infarction have more multi_vessel disease,and more severe coronary disease.The type B and C disease can always be seen in these patients by coronary angiograph.
The Burden of Sleep Problems: A Pilot Observational Study in an Ethnically Diverse Urban Primary Care Setting

Introduction: Sleep disorders affect up to 1 in 4 adults and can adversely affect a variety of health conditions. However, little is known about detection of sleep disorders in ethnically diverse u...
Neonatal jaundice and prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy.

The physician should be alert to the development of jaundice in the newborn infant. A high concentration of serum bilirubin may cause injury to the brain. Blood group incompatibility, infection, hepatitis or congenital anomalies of the biliary tree may result in the development of jaundice. Other less well-known factors also may be responsible. At present, replacement transfusion is the only satisfactory treatment.
Role of Aggregation State in Directed Energy Transfer within the B875 Light-Harvesting Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The photosynthetic units of Rhodobacter sphaeroides consist of photochemical reaction centers together with the B800–850 and B875 light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Light energy absorbed by the peripheral B 800–850 antenna is transferred to the B875 core complex which surrounds and interconnects the reaction centers and transfers these excitations to the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl) special pair [1,2]. A variety of spectroscopic measurements [3–7] have suggested that the B875 complex is spectrally heterogeneous and contains a special BChl component designated as B896 from its apparent position in the red wing of the overall near-IR absorption band [3]. This unique pigment species, whose amplitude was estimated to comprise approximately one-sixth that of the total band [3], is thought to direct excitations from B875 BChls to the reaction center special pair. A recent study of the energy transfer dynamics of detergent solubilized preparations of the B875 complex by picosecond absorption spectroscopy at 77 K [5] has demonstrated that excitations are transferred from B875 to B896 BChls with a half-time of 15 ps and that the excited state of B896 decays with a time constant of 650 ps, in agreement with the measured fluorescense lifetime for the isolated complex [8]. Measurements of induced absorption anisotropy indicated that B896 BChls exist in a highly organized state in the vicinity of the reaction center where they increase the efficiency of the final energy transfer step to the BChl special pair. Assuming a total of 24 B875 BChls per reaction center within the membrane, B896 would be expected to account for 3–4 of these BChl molecules.
New insights into transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms of AML1-ETO and E2A fusion proteins

Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML1-ETO has served as a prototype to understand how leukemia fusion proteins deregulate transcription to promote leukemogenesis. Another leukemia fusion protein, E2A-Pbx1, generated by the t(1;19) translocation, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). While AML1- ETO and E2A-Pbx1 are structurally unrelated fusion proteins, we have recently shown that a common axis, the ETO/E-protein interaction, is involved in the regulation of both fusion proteins, underscoring the importance of studying protein–protein interactions in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemia fusion proteins. In this review, we aim to summarize these new developments while also providing a historic overview of the related early studies. A total of 218 publications were reviewed in this article, a majority of which were published after 2004.We also downloaded 3D structures of AML1-ETO domains from Protein Data Bank and provided a systematic summary of their structures. By reviewing the literature, we summarized early and recent findings on AML1-ETO, including its protein–protein interactions, transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms, as well as the recently reported involvement of ETO family corepressors in regulating the function of E2A-Pbx1. While the recent development in genomic and structural studies has clearly demonstrated that the fusion proteins function by directly regulating transcription, a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including crosstalk with other transcription factors and cofactors, and the protein–protein interactions in the context of native proteins, may be necessary for the development of highly targeted drugs for leukemia therapy.
Conflicting Family Narrative Regarding an AIDS-Related Death.

I walk into the makeshift bedroom that once served as the back office of the hotel my mother managed. When the new hotel addition was built, the office was moved and the apartment that was part of ...
Effects of organotins on growth and survival of two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana

Abstract Tributyl- and triphenyltin compounds inhibited population growth and cell survival of marine unicellular algae at low concentrations. They may pose a threat to algae in areas of industrial outfalls and heavy boat traffic.
Parsimonious Mathematical Characterization of Channel Shape and Size

AbstractThis work has two purposes: (1) starting from the classic hydraulic geometry formulation, present a mathematically parsimonious, two-parameter, characterization of channel shape and size; a...
Biomechanical Comparison of Fifth Carpometacarpal Fusion Methods: Kirschner Wires Versus Plate and Screws.

Background Fractures and dislocations of the base of the fifth metacarpal can lead to arthritis of the fifth carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. For patients who are symptomatic and fail conservative management, arthrodesis of the fifth CMC joint can be offered. The fusion can be performed using Kirschner wires (K-wires), but can lead to complications such as pin tract infection and pin migration. A low-profile locking plate may represent an attractive alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of these 2 fusion techniques. Methods Twelve fresh frozen cadaver hands were divided into 2 groups. The first group underwent fixation of the fifth CMC joint using 2 1.6 mm (0.062 inches) diameter K-wires in a cross-pin configuration. The second group underwent fixation using a 2.0 mm locking plate with 2 locking screws in the hamate and 3 nonlocking screws in the fifth metacarpal shaft. The specimens were then loaded in extension until failure. Results The stiffness was 15.0±7.2 N/mm for the K-wire group and 14.7±6.0 N/mm (mean±SD) for the plate group (P=0.9366). The peak loads were 62.5±40.0 N and 64.6±24.8 N for K-wire and plate groups, respectively (P=0.9181). The energy to peak load was 294±281 N mm for the K-wire group and 418±190 N mm for the plate group (P=0.3904). Conclusions Fifth CMC fusion using either K-wires or plate and screws showed no significant difference in stiffness, peak load, and energy to peak load. These results suggest the 2 methods provide similar biomechanical stability.
Deep CNN-LSTM with combined kernels from multiple branches for IMDb review sentiment analysis

Deep learning neural networks have made significant progress in the area of image and video analysis. This success of neural networks can be directed towards improvements in textual sentiment classification. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to sentiment analysis through the use of combined kernel from multiple branches of convolutional neural network (CNN) with Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) layers. Our combination of CNN and LSTM schemes produces a model with the highest reported accuracy on the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) review sentiment dataset. Additionally, we present multiple architecture variations of our proposed model to illustrate our attempts to increase accuracy while minimizing overfitting. We experiment with numerous regularization techniques, network structures, and kernel sizes to create five high-performing models for comparison. These models are capable of predicting the sentiment polarity of reviews from the IMDb dataset with accuracy above 89%. Firstly, the accuracy of our best performing proposed model surpasses the previously published models and secondly it vastly improves upon the baseline CNN+LSTM model. The capability of the combined kernel from multiple branches of CNN based LSTM architecture could also be lucrative towards other datasets for sentiment analysis or simply text classification. Furthermore, the proposed model has the potential in machine learning in video and audio.
Teachers’ Identities as ‘Non-native’ Speakers: Do They Matter in English as a Lingua Franca Interactions?

This study closely examines sequences in which a so-called nonnative English teacher resolves miscommunication with students in a multilingual writing classroom at a U.S. university, and investigates how an identity as a nonnative-English-speaker teacher (NNEST) might affect English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions. Recent studies on ELF academic discourse (e.g., Bjorkman (2013) have demonstrated ELF speakers’ skillful communicative strategies for dealing with complex intercultural communication. Combining sequential analysis with ethnographic information, this study examines such ELF academic interactions, highlighting the practice and identity of an instructor. The data analysis exhibits that pre-given categories (NNESTs and ‘nonnative’ students) are neither interactionally relevant, nor treated as important by interactants in this context. Rather, the instructor’s identities as a multilingual teacher, who works hard to resolve miscommunication with students, have been achieved through ongoing classroom interactions rather than being predetermined. I contend we need more research exhibiting the fluid nature of multilingual teacher practice and process of identity construction in real-time instructional contexts.
Waveform performance and sidelobe reduction techniques for continuous active sonar (CAS)

The ability to conduct surveillance and tracking of targets over a wide area necessitates the use of a distributed sensing network and an appropriate processing scheme. One such technique that may be appropriate for the target tracking problem is continuous active sonar (CAS). In September 2016, an experiment was performed in Narragansett Bay, RI, to assess the performance of CAS for tracking a single unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). PN sequence-coded chirps and LFM pulses of various bandwidths and center frequencies were transmitted from one transducer and received at two hydrophones in different locations. Following the experiment, several range-doppler sidelobe reduction techniques were experimented with to improve target detections and range-doppler estimations. During processing, waveform properties critical to sidelobe reduction performance were identified, and new waveforms have been chosen which exhibit these properties. A new experiment will be conducted in the coming months to demonstrate the performance of these waveforms, and results are expected to show improved detections and range-doppler estimations for various targets.
The PIAS Protein Family and TC-PTP

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway can be negatively regulated at various steps. In the nucleus, tyrosine phosphorylated STATs bind to DNA to activate transcription. It has been suggested that the activity of STATs in the nucleus can be negatively regulated by two distinct mechanisms: the repression of STAT-dependent transcription by PIAS proteins and the dephosphorylation of STATs by nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). This chapter is focused on the negative regulation of STATs in the nucleus.
Assessing the impact of EI Niño southern oscillation index and land surface temperature fluctuations on dengue fever outbreaks using ARIMAX( p )-PARX( p )-NBARX( p ) models

The dengue infectious disease remnants a human health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In an Auto Regressive model to assess the role of climatic parameter El Nino Southern Oscillation and land surface mean monthly temperture on dengue outbreaks of the Karachi region over the monthly time interval January 2001 to December 2016, subsequent to stabilization of variance, we are able to apply and predict an Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous-Transfer Function model by using the order selection criteria namely Final Prediction Error and Akaike’s information. The results confirmed that ARIMAX (2,1,2) has fitted model, although an Auto Regressive model predicts a smaller decline in dengue data series than the auto Poisson Regression model. Additionally, we developed an alternative model for the Poisson Autoregressive Exogenous model in order (p) and Negative Binomial Auto Regressive Exogenous model, deliver the best fit as compared to the Poisson Auto Regressive Exogenous model whereas indicated by the deviances. The Pearson test showed a strong positive association between temperature and dengue, while ENSO inverse indication. High dengue outbreaks are detected in the months of September, October, and November. This comparative study exposed a significant relationship among monthly dengue and climatic variation by Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous (ARIMAX), Poisson and Negative-Binomial Autoregressive Exogenous (PARX-NBARX) models, while smallest values of AIC (3.89), Negative Binomial Auto Regressive Exogenous, are preferred more accurate model for the next 12 months forecasting. This study has provided useful information for the development of dengue predictions and future warning systems.
A Simplified Mass Casualty Incident Training for Medical Students

Background: Medical students have the ability to play an important role in institutional response to a mass casualty incident (MCI). However, while previous studies have shown a strong desire among students to take part in MCI response, a lack of training has left them unprepared to confidently respond to such an event. Currently, simpler models are needed to increase the prevalence of MCI response training in medical school curricula. Our goal was to develop a sustainable curriculum to prepare medical students to respond in MCIs by combining didactic instruction and interactive simulationbased training. Methods: In 2017, a group of first-through-fourth year medical students designed and carried out a one-day MCI curriculum involving a one-hour didactic lecture on emergency management and triage as well as one hour of scenario-based exercises involving two mock mass casualty incidents. In order to analyze the impact of this event, students were asked to fill out pre- and post-training surveys. Results: Out of 45 participating medical students from all levels of training, 37 filled out the pre- and post-event surveys. Prior to the event, 17% (n=35) of the attendees reported that they were aware of the University of Michigan’s Mass Casualty Incident Protocol (MCIP), and 51% (n=35) reported they would be ‘likely’ or ‘very likely’ to respond to an MCI. After the event, 74% (n=35) of the students reported awareness of the MCIP, while 74% (n=35) also stated they would be likely or very likely to respond to an MCI. Of these participants, 85% (n=34) ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that the simulation environment was conducive to learning, and 91% (n=35) similarly agreed or strongly agreed that the simulations improved understanding of the MCIP and triage principles presented during the lectureportion of the training. Conclusion: Combined didactic- and scenario-based training is a simple tool to promote medical student preparedness for an MCI. In order to train a group of self-selected medical students to be involved in MCI response, future efforts to refine this training model should focus on the promotion of interprofessional involvement. Keywords: MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT RESPONSE, MEDICAL STUDENT, TRIAGE, TRAINING, SIMULATION, CURRICULUM
Grid Optimal Integration of Power Ships.

Power-generating ships or Power Ships (PSs) are considered one of the largest mobile energy resources. In this paper, a model is proposed to evaluate the integration of PSs into power grid operations. The model optimally coordinates the ships to enhance the grid objective; its solution provides optimal generation resource scheduling, as well as optimal scheduling and routing of the ships. IEEE 6-bus and IEEE 118-bus case studies were considered to model the system and to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Visual attention to faces in children with autism spectrum disorder: are there sex differences?

The male bias in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses is well documented. As a result, less is known about the female ASD phenotype. Recent research suggests that conclusions drawn from predominantly male samples may not accurately capture female behavior. In this study, we explore potential sex differences in attention to social stimuli, which is generally reported to be diminished in ASD. Population-based sex differences in attention to faces have been reported, such that typically developing (TD) females attend more to social stimuli (including faces) from infancy through adulthood than TD males. It is yet unknown whether population-based sex differences in the face domain are preserved in ASD. A dynamic, naturalistic infrared eye-tracking paradigm measured attention to social stimuli (faces) in 74 school-aged males and females with ASD (male N = 23; female N = 19) and without ASD (male N = 16; female N = 16). Two kinds of video stimuli were presented that varied in social content: rich social scenes (dyadic play between two children) and lean social scenes (parallel play by two children). Results revealed a significant 3-way interaction between sex, diagnosis, and condition after controlling for chronological and mental age. ASD females attended more to faces than ASD males in the socially lean condition. This effect was not found in the typically developing (TD) group. ASD males attended less to faces regardless of social context; however, ASD females only attended significantly less to faces compared to TD females in the socially rich condition. TD males and ASD females did not differ in their attention to faces in either condition. This study has implications for how the field understands core social deficits in children with ASD, which should ideally be benchmarked against same-sex peers (male and female). Social attention in ASD females fell on a continuum—greater than their ASD male peers, but not as great as TD females. Overall, their social attention mirrored that of TD males. Improved understanding of the female social phenotype in ASD will enhance early screening and diagnostic efforts and will guide the development of sex-sensitive experimental paradigms and social interventions.
Time, the Future, and Other Fantasies

“Time” and “The Future” would seem to be two of the most central concepts for futures studies, but in fact, “time” was barely discussed by the founders of futures studies, and has seldom been problematized subsequently. I have reviewed what I consider to be the founding texts of futures studies, in English (In chronological order: Wells 1913; Heilbroner 1960; Polak 1961; Toffler 1965, 1970; Bell 1966; Flechtheim 1966; de Jouvenel 1967; Kahn and Weiner 1967; McHale 1969). The only one to consider time seriously to some extent was John McHale in the opening chapter of his book, The Future of the Future, cited above, titled, “Time’s Arrow”. Indeed, McHale prefaced his book with this poem he wrote:
Patterns of breast reconstruction in patients diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer: The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute's Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program experience.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) exhibits dermal lymphatic involvement at presentation, and thus, the standard surgical approach is a nonskin-sparing modified radical mastectomy (MRM) without breast reconstruction (BR). In this study, we evaluated immediate and delayed BR receipt and its outcomes in IBC. Using an IRB-approved database, we retrospectively evaluated stage III IBC patients who received trimodality therapy (preoperative systemic therapy, followed by MRM and postmastectomy chest wall/regional nodal radiation). Patients with an insufficient response to preoperative systemic therapy and/or who required preoperative radiotherapy were excluded. BR receipt, timing, and morbidity were evaluated. Among 240 stage III IBC patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2016, 40 (17%) underwent BR. Thirteen (33%) had immediate, and 27 (67%) had delayed BR. Four patients had complications (1 [8%] immediate BR and 3 [11%] delayed BR); only 1 BR (delayed) was unsuccessful. From the MRM date, the median time to recurrence was 35 months (<1-212) and median overall survival was 87 months (<1-212). In this cohort of stage III IBC patients, only 11% pursued delayed BR following trimodality therapy, possibly attributable to the observed high recurrence rates hindering BR. Further studies addressing BR outcomes in IBC are needed for better counseling patients regarding their reconstructive options.
The Gendered Body in the Qing Courtroom

T h i s a r T i c l e p r e s e n T s a va r i e T y o f court cases, including homicides and marriage disputes, from eighteenthand nineteenth-century China in which magistrates scrutinized bodies for evidence about gender performance. In order to judge these cases properly, magistrates needed to find out whether the persons under scrutiny were physically capable of normative gender roles or had violated the rules governing such roles; their judgments aimed to repair kinship networks and reinforce patriarchal hierarchies. These boundary-crossing “hard cases” help us understand the complex interweaving of bodily sex and social gender in the Qing: they provide insight into how magistrates (as well as midwives and others who gave evidence) would interpret the body in terms of what society demanded of it. For some time now it has been conventional to posit a clear distinction between sex and gender: sex is transcultural, biologically determined, and grounded in the body, whereas gender is socially and culturally constructed and therefore learned and performed according to varying scripts. as convenient as this sex/gender distinction may be, it has provoked intense debate among feminist theorists about exactly where to draw the line between them—or whether it is even possible to discern a stable, unmediated category of sex (or the body) prior to discourse. It seems, however, that a tentative consensus has emerged, at least among historians of gender and sexuality: while there does exist a real, physical
In vivo testing of an injectable matrix gel for the treatment of shoulder cuff muscle fatty degeneration.

Introduction Extracellular matrix (ECM) gels have shown efficacy for the treatment of damaged tissues, most notably cardiac muscle. We hypothesized that the ECM gel prepared from skeletal muscle could be used as a treatment strategy for fatty shoulder cuff muscle degeneration. Methods We conducted experiments to (1) evaluate host biocompatibility to ECM gel injection using a rat model and (2) examine the effect of ECM gel injection on muscle recovery after delayed repair of a released supraspinatus (SSP) tendon using a rabbit model. Results The host biocompatibility to the ECM gel was characterized by a transient rise (first 2 weeks only) in several genes associated with macrophage infiltration, matrix deposition, and inflammatory cytokine production. By 8 weeks all genes had returned to baseline levels and no evidence of fibrosis or chronic inflammation was observed from histology. When gel injection was combined with SSP tendon repair, we observed a significant reduction (7%) in SSP muscle atrophy (24 + 3% reduction from uninjured) when compared with treatment with tendon repair only (31 + 7% reduction). Although fatty degeneration was elevated in both treatment groups, fat content trended lower (2%) in response to combined tendon repair and intramuscular ECM injection (4.1 + 2.1%) when compared with tendon repair only (6.1 + 2.9%). Transcriptome analysis revealed adipogenesis and osteoarthritis pathway activation in the repair only group. These key pathways were abrogated in response to treatment using combined repair plus gel. Discussion The findings suggest that ECM injection had a modest but positive effect on muscle mass, fatty degeneration, and key cellular signaling pathways.