cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial mismanagement and delay in diagnosis of oral cancer.

The case histories of 779 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity were reviewed to determine the frequency with which mismanagement or delay in diagnosis occurred. A study of 779 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity revealed that 115 (14.8%) had had a temporally significant initial mismanagement or delay in diagnosis. The responsibility for this mismanagement was shared by the dentist, the physician, and the patient. Earlier recognition of oral cancer by the physician and dentist, with earlier treatment, is essential for improving the generally poor five-year survival rate of this disease.
The Middle Jurassic flora from Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK

The Stonesfield ‘Slate’ of Oxfordshire has yielded a diverse Middle Jurassic flora, containing 25 morphospecies, dominated by remains of araucariacean and cheirolepidiacean conifers, bennettitaleans, and leaves of the possible gymnosperm Pelourdea. It mainly represents coastal vegetation, which included mangrove-like stands of Ptilophyllum, and conifers probably growing in lowland coastal habitats that were subjected to periodic water-stress. The Pelourdea leaves may have drifted in from drier, more upland habitats. The flora is similar, but not identical to, the slightly older floras from the Cotswold ‘Slate’ of Gloucestershire, such as from Eyeford and Sevenhampton. Also comparable are the contemporaneous floras preserved in marine deposits in France and the Venetian Alps of Italy. It is quite different from the Middle Jurassic flora of Yorkshire, which is thought to represent vegetation growing in deltaic habitats. The new combinations Ptilophyllum pectiniformis (Sternberg), Komlopteris speciosa (Ettingshausen) and Pachypteris macrophylla (Brongniart) are proposed for species found at Stonesfield. Nilssoniopteris solitarium (Phillips) comb. nov. is proposed for the species previously named Nilssoniopteris vittata (Brongniart). Taeniopteris vittata Brongniart is retained as the type species of Taeniopteris, a morphogenus to be used for entire cycadophyte leaves that cannot be definitely assigned to the cycads or bennettitaleans. Conites is shown to be an earlier nomenclatural synonym of Bucklandia, to be used for casts and compressions of cycadophyte stems. This requires a number of new combinations for species that have hitherto been included in Bucklandia: Conites anomala (Stokes and Webb), C. gigas (Seward), C. indica (Seward), C. milleriana (Carruthers), C. pustulosa (Harris) and C. yatesii (Carruthers).
Ideas and action: A cognitive model of the Senate Agriculture Committee

But while the research is being done, what provisions should be incorporated in the Clean Air Act of 1977 (or the Acts of 1978 through 2000, for that matter)? For research won't give us clear answers then either. What constitutes procedural rationality in such circumstances?
Lefschetz fixed point theory on fibrations

For a fibre preserving map ϕ: E → E on a fibration (E, π, B), we construct a grading preserving map T(ϕ, π) between H*(E) and H*(B) that generalizes the Lefschetz number. If T(ϕ, π) is an isomorphism between H0(E) and H0(B), then π restricts to a surjective local diffeomorphism on each connected component of the fixed point set of ϕ under a transversality condition. This yields a characterization for the bundle H → G → G/H to be trivial when π1 (G/H) = 0.
Priscillian and Nicolaitism

Priscillian was censured of both doctrinal heresy and sexual immorality by his accusers. On the question of his alleged sexual exploits, this issue merits a closer look than has been previously done by modern researchers. Some scholars believe the conciliar decrees of the Iberian Peninsula regarding relations between men and women are a response, directly and indirectly, to illicit relations in Priscillianist circles. 1 It is further argued that these decrees reflect an episcopal attempt to bring women into greater submission to men within and outside of Priscillianist groups. 2 There has been, moreover, some discord among some researchers as to whether Priscillian was ever accused of Nicolaitism. 3 There are, however, other pressing questions that I will explore in this article that will shed light on these concerns in Priscillian scholarship. Specifically, my agenda is: (a) to identify precisely in the anti-Priscillian literature which writers were responsible for accusing Priscillian and his followers of sexual immorality; (b) In the same vein, to engage any evidence which identifies whether Nicolaitism was ever attributed to Priscillianists; and (c), Lastly, to distinguish between rumor based misinformation about sexual libertarianism as opposed to what was actually decreed officially in conciliar legislation.
Environmental effects on the strength of fluorozirconate glass fibers

Abstract The tensile strength of Teflon FEP jacketed fluorozirconate glass fibers was found to be severely affected by the environment. The strength of fibers placed in a humid atmosphere dropped to about half of their original strength after 4 days while the strength remained unchanged in a dry environment. Microscopy revealed substantial damage to the fiber surface due to the presence of moisture. It was concluded that Teflon FEP does not provide adequate protection as a moisture barrier.
Automated High-Throughput Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Synthetic Oligonucleotides

Abstract The use of automated sample preparation and data collection coupled with delayed ion extraction matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight detection mass spectrometry (DE MALDI–TOF MS) enables the rapid mass analysis of oligonucleotide samples. We have incorporated a matrix-diluting and liquid-spotting automated work station and a DE MALDI mass spectrometer to provide high-throughput analysis of synthetic oligonucleotides. Automated sample preparation greatly speeds processing while the spotting function allows for precise sample placement on a 100-well sample plate. The DE MALDI MS typically determines the mass of each sample to within 0.13 ± 0.10% of the theoretically expected mass. This mass accuracy allows confirmation of identity and detection of low-level impurities present in synthetic oligonucleotide samples with an unprecedented degree of confidence. Using this automation suite, sample preparation, spotting, and analysis of 100 samples ranging from 12 to 70 bases in length can be routinely completed in less than 90 min.
The Politics of Pain and the End of Empire

Abstract This article is a discussion of the role of feeling and emotion, and particularly the experience of pain, in contemporary global political events. In placing pain at the center of an analysis of a lived experience of global politics, the aim is to forge strategies to resist neoliberal imperialism and to create emotionally literate political communities. Drawing on the work of Elaine Scarry, Sara Ahmed and Frantz Fanon, the article situates the concept of emotions in a modern colonial landscape that is both racialized and gendered, complicated by neoliberalism as a subjectivity that contains the scope for emotions. As a case study, the article considers the emotions of viewing the deliberate infliction of pain through the circulation of the ‘Abu Ghraib photos’, particularly in the form of recent museum exhibitions in the USA.
A simple procedure for isolating microgram quantities of biologically active bikunin from human urine.

OBJECTIVE To report a simple, relatively rapid protocol to isolate biologically active bikunin from human urine using ion-exchange-trypsin affinity chromatography. Bikunin is a protease inhibitor which has been shown to play a role in various processes, including inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization, the regulation of proliferation and modulation of carcinogenesis. The unavailability of the purified protein has hampered studies on bikunin's expanding role in these processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female human urine was dialysed (15 kDa threshold) and crudely fractionated with a double-saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation. The first precipitation was with 35% saturated ammonium sulphate, and the supernatant was harvested, and the second with 90% saturated ammonium sulphate, and the precipitate collected. The protein mixture was then passed over Sepharose SP-fast-flow cation exchange and Sepharose Q-fast-flow anion exchange columns connected in series. The final purification was with a trypsin-affinity column which selectively bound bikunin. RESULTS This procedure could recover 1 µg of bikunin per 2 mL of urine, and the final product was essentially free of contaminating inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chains or bikunin-heavy chain conjugates. Product purity was confirmed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with silver staining or Western blot. All isolations contained the 17 kDa minimally glycoslyated/sulphated form of bikunin and the 28 kDa form of bikunin. Some preparations also contained 33–48 kDa forms of bikunin. The protein cores of all three proteins were confirmed to be bikunin by mass spectrometry and Western blot. Harvested bikunin retained its trypsin inhibitory activity ( l-benzoylarginine-p-nitroanilide assay). Preparations containing the 33–45 kDa form had two to three times more trypsin inhibitory activity than preparations without this band. CONCLUSIONS This novel ion exchange-trypsin affinity chromatography protocol uses only two chromatographic steps. The product consists of three isomers of biologically active bikunin, free of contaminating heavy chains or bikunin-heavy chain conjugates. The ready availability of purified bikunin should facilitate future studies of bikunin's emerging role in urolithiasis, proliferation and carcinogenesis.
Effective Matrices, Decision Frames, and Cooperation in Volunteer Dilemmas: A Theoretical Perspective on Academic Peer Review

Academic journal reviewing is a form of collective action that creates a public good, and as such, it represents a social dilemma with cooperation being essential to the reviewing process. Cooperation in this social dilemma is a function of the perceived costs and benefits to the potential reviewer. However, those perceived costs and benefits are personally perceived and in turn may be influenced by the frame reviewers bring to the decision to review. Frames may differ in the extent to which they lead reviewing to be viewed as an in-role duty or an extra-role choice, and the extent to which they lead reviewers to focus only on consequences to the self or consequences to others as well. Also critical in this dilemma are the frames of editors who must invite participation by reviewers and the frames of universities who legitimate reviewer behaviors. Some “obvious” solutions to the volunteer dilemma of reviewing may have paradoxical effects on reviewer cooperation if such frames are not considered. The importance of frame analysis for understanding volunteer dilemmas is addressed.
Naltrexone pretreatment decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of ethanol and saccharin but not PCP or food under concurrent progressive-ratio schedules in rhesus monkeys

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether attenuation of ethanol consumption by naltrexone is the result of selective changes in the reinforcing effectiveness of drug and non-drug reinforcers. A range of naltrexone doses (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) was administered for 5 days, and the effects on the reinforcing effects of orally delivered 8% (w/v) ethanol, 0.25 mg/ml phencyclidine (PCP), 0.03% (w/v) saccharin and food were studied in eight rhesus monkeys. Food and liquids were available under independent and concurrent progressive-ratio (PR) schedules (ratio range 8–4096) during daily 3-h sessions. Ethanol-maintained responding was attenuated by 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg doses of naltrexone, while saccharin-maintained responding was decreased at the 1.0 mg/kg dose. Furthermore, there was a significant linear trend that consumption of available ethanol and saccharin was attenuated dose-dependently by naltrexone. Following 5 days of naltrexone pretreatment, ethanol- and saccharin-maintained responding immediately returned to or exceeded baseline levels. Food- and PCP-maintained responding and intake were not significantly affected by any of the naltrexone doses examined. The decreased break point (BP) values for ethanol and saccharin suggest that their reinforcing effects are mediated through opioid reinforcement mechanisms. The lack of naltrexone attenuation of PCP- and food-maintained responding suggests that these reinforcers: 1) are not sensitive to naltrexone antagonism at the doses examined, 2) are mediated by non-opioid reinforcement mechanisms, and/or 3) have less intrinsic palatability.
Spectacular vernacular: Literacy and commercial culture in the postmodern age

The controversy over postmodernism is often focused on the impact of consumer culture upon language. In this article, the historical relationship between commerce, language, and communication technology is explored. The struggle between mass and elite over the forms of literacy is outlined, raising questions about the sources of critical hostility toward postmodern culture. The author offers an alternative viewpoint, in which postmodern expression integrates words, pictures, and sound in a manner that is multidimensional, accessible, and communal.
Diphtheria toxin: Evidence for presence of fragment B in corynebacteriophage

Abstract The protein composition of a virulent β tox + corynebacteriophage has been characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major protein in the purified phage preparations shows size identity with the B fragment of purified diphtheria toxin. Phage is capable of protecting KB cells from subsequent intoxication with diphtheria toxin which supports the identification of B fragment present in the phage preparations. The concentration of iron in growth media had no effect on the protein composition of the purfied phage.
Modeling complexly magnetized two-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape

A method has been devised for the forward computation of magnetic anomalies due to two‐dimensional (2-D) polygonal bodies with heterogeneously directed magnetization. The calculations are based on the equivalent line source approach wherein the source is subdivided into discrete elements that vary spatially in their magnetic properties. This equivalent dipole line method provides a fast and convenient means of representing and computing magnetic anomalies for bodies possessing complexly varying magnitude and direction of magnetization. The algorithm has been tested and applied to several generalized cases to verify the accuracy of the computation. The technique has also been used to model observed aeromagnetic anomalies associated with the structurally deformed, remanently magnetized Keweenawan volcanic rocks in eastern Lake Superior. This method is also easily adapted to the calculation of anomalies due to two and one‐half‐dimensional (2.5-D) and three‐dimensional (3-D) heterogeneously magnetized sources.
Auxin Transport in Geotropic Curvatures of a Branched Plant

Indole-acetic acid-2-C-14 movement in development of geotropic curvature in branches and immature plants from clone of Coleus blumei, Benth, studied by radioassay
Pacifica Radio: The Rise of an Alternative Network

In the public radio landscape, the Pacifica network stations stand out as innovators of diverse and controversial broadcasting. Pacifica's fifty years of struggle to define itself as against social and political conformity began with a group of young men and women who hoped to change the world with a credo of nonviolence. Pacifica Radio traces the cultural and political currents that shaped the first listener-supported alternative radio station.Rooted in wartime pacifism and free-speech ideals, Pacifica flourished in the harsh climate of the Cold War. The visionary behind it was Lewis Hill, a conscientious objector who set out to build pacifist institutions that would promote cooperation among individuals and nations. Matthew Lasar's account of Pacifica's turbulent history opens with lively portraits of Hill and the group of brash and creative people from the pacifist community he mobilized in Berkeley, California, to establish the Pacifica Foundation. The radio station, their first project, was to be a forum for radical dialogue and a staging area for widespread conversion to pacifism.The fledgling FM station, KPFA, took to the air in 1949 with stunningly unconventional programs. Americo Chiarito's music show, for instance, mixed classical, folk, and jazz; no one in the Bay Area -- or anywhere else -- had heard anything like it on radio. Nor were there precedents for the information programs -- Alan Watts's discussions of Eastern philosophies, Pauline Kael's film reviews, Kenneth Rexroth's commentaries. Lasar recounts how, in the context of McCarthyism, Pacifica's identification with pacifism and radical dialogue gave way to a broader defense of free speech, emphasizing therights of individuals whose opinions were suppressed elsewhere. Lasar shows how Pacifica's pioneering experiments in "alternative" radio exacerbated staff conflicts at KPFA and the new stations, KPFK in Los Angeles and WBAI in New York City, jeopardizing the network. In the 1990s context of identity politics and dwindling support for public media, these struggles are by no means resolved.Despite its identity crises and funding worries, the Pacifica network remains the only independent, nonprofit network in the country. It originated in a perhaps overly optimistic view of what public dialogue could achieve; it continues to provide a means for discussing the complex problems of contemporary society and renewing the hope that we can face them as a community.
It has been a great ride: The history of HELLP syndrome.

Hemolysis, in conjunction with abnormal liver function tests and thrombocytopenia, has been recognized for many years as a complication of severe preeclampsiaeclampsia. Yet it remained until 1982 for Weinstein, on the basis of 29 patients with these complications, to coin the term HELLP Syndrome (‘‘H’’ for Hemolysis, ‘‘EL’’ for elevated liver enzymes, and ‘‘LP’’ for low platelet count). Such patients often constitute a diagnostic dilemma for the physician, who may view the hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, hepatic disorder with possible hemorrhage, and/or uremic syndrome as separate and/or unrelated entities (many patients do not, in fact, have hypertension). Patients with this syndrome are subject to increased risk of adverse outcomes, including death and/ or death of her fetus/newborn infant, such as the one mother with severe preeclampsia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and 3 infants in the present account. Since this original description, and as of this writing, there have appeared over a thousand reports of many thousands of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Figure 1 depicts crenated erythrocytes (Burr cells or spinocytes), while Figure 2 illustrates the irregularly shaped schistocytes (split cells, also called helmet cells) typical of microangiopathic hemolytic and other anemias. Experimental evidence suggests this latter cell conformation is a consequence of interaction between red cells and fibrin strands under arterial flow conditions. Weinstein described the HELLP Syndrome while at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Presently, he is Chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia.
Wave Measurement Intercomparison and Platform Evaluation during the ITOP (2010) Experiment

AbstractSpectral wave parameters from 11 platforms, measured during the recent Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) experiment, are intercompared. Two moorings, separated by ~180 km, were deployed in a section of “typhoon alley” off the coast of Taiwan for 4 months. Each mooring consisted of an Air–Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoy that was tethered to a moored Extreme Air–Sea Interaction (EASI) buoy. EASI, the design of which is based on the hull of a 6-m Navy Oceanographic Meteorological Automatic Device (NOMAD) buoy, is validated as a 1D wave sensor against the established ASIS. Also, during this time three drifting miniature wave buoys, a wave-measuring marine radar on the Research Vessel Roger Revelle, and several overpasses of Jason-1 (C and Ku bands) and Jason-2 (Ku band) satellite altimeters were within 100 km of either the northern or southern mooring site. These additional measurements were compared against both EASI buoys. Findings are in-line with previous wave parameter interc...
The Influence of Street Geometry on Building’s Energy Consumption in Different Climate Zones

This research explores the influence of different street geometry towards reducing the energy consumption in buildings by utilizing building energy simulation software. In different climate condition, the different street geometry has different influence on building’s energy consumption. This influence is quantified in this research. It is found that in three climate zones – Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the energy consumption of buildings is changed according to different H/W ratio of buildings. This finding determines that the optimum street geometry will be different in these climate zones. The designers should consider such difference before doing architecture or urban planning work. This research will also provide some suggestions and recommendations to the energy-efficient community design based on the findings.
SU-E-J-18: A Rapid Joint Therapist-Physicist QA Procedure for Sub-Mm Verification of KV Imaging System-Radiation Isocenter Alignment for Frameless SRS

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of a rapid and accurate joint therapist‐physicist QA procedure to verify the accuracy of the alignment kV imaging system with the MV radiation Isocenter prior to frameless SRS treatment. Methods: A Winston‐Lutz phantom was CT scanned with a slice spacing of .75 mm. The isocenter was placed to within 0.1 mm of the center of the sphere. A plan was created containing 4 static 2 × 2 cm MLC fields with corresponding MV portal images, and 4 kv setup fields both spaced at 90d gantry angles and CBCT setup field. Prior to the frameless SRS treatment, therapists place the WL phantom approximately at isocenter, then acquire all images planned. A physicist extracts the images from the R&V system and performs an automated image analysis to compute the systematic error between the radiation isocenter and the origin of the radiographic and CBCT systems. Spatial accuracy was assessed by placing a steel sphere on a micrometer stage and making known dispalcements.The therapists will do 3D‐3D match between acquired CBCT and planned CBCT and record the couch shifts. The planar MV and KV images are analyzed automatically offline to determine the systematic error between the kV imaging origin and the radiation isocenter before SRS treatment. Results: The localization uncertainty of the sphere, for both the KV and MV systems was ± 0.1mm. Uncertainty on the systematic error between the radiation isocenter and the imaging origin was found to be ±0.2 mm. The time required to verify the spatial imaging accuracy required about 15 minutes of therapist time and about 10 minutes of physicist time. Conclusion: The designed QA procedure can be performed easily by the therapists and physicists to speed up SRS room QA before patient treatments.
Porphyrins XXII: Fast fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, and quasiline structure in palladium and platinum complexes☆

Abstract Three Pd porphyrins are shown to exhibit fast and delayed fluorescence, while Pt etioporphyrin exhibits only delayed fluorescence. The yield of delayed fluorescence obtained experimentally agrees with the yield calculated from the principle of detailed balance. Fast fluorescence yields from the Pd porphyrins of Φff ∼ 3 × 10−4 imply an uncertainty line broadening of Δ ν ∼ ∼ 0.25 cm −1 . Lack of a measurable Φff for Pt etioporphyrin implies a minimum Δ ν ∼ > 5 cm −1 . In n-alkane matrices the absorption S0 → S1 shows quasilines with halfwidths Δ ν ∼ ∼ 8 cm −1 , 16 cm−1, and 140 cm−1 for Pd, Pt, and Cu porphin, respectively. The experimental values for the latter two are attributed to uncertainty broadening arising from radiationless decay out of S1.
Entry, Descent, and Landing with Propulsive Deceleration: Supersonic Retropropulsion Wind Tunnel Testing

The future exploration of the Solar System will require innovations in transportation and the use of entry, descent, and landing (EDL) systems at many planetary landing sites. The cost of space missions has always been prohibitive, and using the natural planetary and planet s moons atmosphere for entry, descent, and landing can reduce the cost, mass, and complexity of these missions. This paper will describe some of the EDL ideas for planetary entry and survey the overall technologies for EDL that may be attractive for future Solar System missions. Future EDL systems may include an inflatable decelerator for the initial atmospheric entry and an additional supersonic retro-propulsion (SRP) rocket system for the final soft landing. As part of those efforts, NASA began to conduct experiments to gather the experimental data to make informed decisions on the "best" EDL options. A model of a three engine retro-propulsion configuration with a 2.5 in. diameter sphere-cone aeroshell model was tested in the NASA Glenn 1- by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT). The testing was conducted to identify potential blockage issues in the tunnel, and visualize the rocket flow and shock interactions during supersonic and hypersonic entry conditions. Earlier experimental testing of a 70 Viking-like (sphere-cone) aeroshell was conducted as a baseline for testing of a supersonic retro-propulsion system. This baseline testing defined the flow field around the aeroshell and from this comparative baseline data, retro-propulsion options will be assessed. Images and analyses from the SWT testing with 300- and 500-psia rocket engine chamber pressures are presented here. The rocket engine flow was simulated with a non-combusting flow of air.
BRRL: a recovery library for main-memory applications in the cloud

In this demonstration we present BRRL, a library for making distributed main-memory applications fault tolerant. BRRL is optimized for cloud applications with frequent points of consistency that use data-parallelism to avoid complex concurrency control mechanisms. BRRL differs from existing recovery libraries by providing a simple table abstraction and using schema information to optimize checkpointing. We will demonstrate the utility of BRRL using a distributed transaction processing system and a platform for scientific behavioral simulations.
ASSESSING RENAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH MYELOMENINGOCELE

Because children with myelomeningocele (MM) are at increased risk of renal insufficiency, a simple method of estimating GFR from the plasma creatinine (PCr) and height would be useful. However, this estimate is predicated on a normal muscle mass and creatinine production for weight. Muscle mass may be diminished in children with paralysis. We therefore compared the estimate of GFR/1.73M2 from the formula 0.55 height (cm)÷ PCr with that determined with inulin in 14 children with MM ranging in age from 4-17 years. Seven had severe paralysis requiring wheelchair (WC) mobility. IVPs were abnormal in 9/14; 7/14 had inulin GFR < 80 ml/min/1.73M2. In 8 patients (57%) the estimated GFR averaged 85% higher than the inulin GFR. Of these 8 patients, 6 were WC-bound. In 5 patients (36%), there was close correlation between the two GFR methods, with an average difference of 11%. Only 1 of these was WC-bound. In 1 child, the estimated GFR was 64% lower than inulin GFR. All but 1 of the patients had PCr < 1 mg/dl. Our data suggest that an estimate of GFR determined from the serum creatinine and height in children with MM and significant paralysis is not reliable. This probably results from a diminished muscle mass and creatinine production per unit of body weight. Further studies are necessary to establish whether or not there is a reliable method for estimating GFR in this population.
Possible Link Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Reproductive Complications.

BACKGROUND: Initially conceptualized as a disorder of childhood, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now emerging as a chronic disorder that may present in adolescence and persist into adulthood. Failure to recognize this common disorder in childhood may lead to disabling comorbid symptoms and a poor long-term prognosis in adulthood. Young adults with undiagnosed ADHD experience significant psychiatric comorbidity, including high rates of drug dependency and lower levels of global functioning. The public health consequences of poor impulse control (e.g., delinquency, criminal activity, drug use, risky sexual behaviors, high-risk pregnancies) are emerging, and a link between ADHD and poverty seems highly probable. CASE REPORT: I explore the sexual behaviors, and their consequences, of a young adolescent female. Her reproductive complications led me to consider undiagnosed ADHD. CONCLUSION: The long-term prognosis when ADHD is unrecognized and untreated in the adolescent is discouraging: maternal and perinatal morbidity may be anticipated and are biologically plausible. The actual assessment of risk in the setting of pregnancy and unrecognized ADHD remains largely unknown, and the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ADHD during pregnancy have yet to be addressed. The following case presentation suggests an association between undiagnosed ADHD and reproductive complications.
The defensive secretion of the millipede, Nearctodesmus salix (Polydesmida: Nearctodesmidae)

No previous chemical studies have published on the defensive secretion of any member of the family Nearctodesmidae. Cyanogenesis has been documented in five families of the order Polydesmida: Euryuridae [Euryurus malulatus (Duffey and Blum, 1977; Duffey et al., 1977), Euryurus australis (Duffey et al., 1977), Euryurus leachii (Hall et al., 1969; Duffey et al., 1977)]; Gomphodesmidae [Astrodesmus laxus
A new approach to optimal design of elastic structures

Abstract A new approach to the optimization of elastic trusses under stress constraints is discussed. The stress constraints are transformed into compliance constraints, which makes possible the derivation of a simple optimality condition. The condition provides a simple test to check whether a fully stressed design is optimal, for single as well as multiple loading conditions. It is readily extended to optimization problems, in which both stress and displacement constraints are imposed. An iterative routine, that is both simple and efficient, is derived from the optimality condition. Numerical examples of the application of the routine are presented.
California's geothermal resource potential

According to a U.S. Geological Survey estimate, recoverable hydrothermal energy in California may amount to 19,000 MW of electric power for a 30-year period. At present, a geothermal installation in the Geysers region of the state provides 502 MWe of capacity; an additional 1500 MWe of electric generating capacity is scheduled to be in operation in geothermal fields by 1985. In addition to hydrothermal energy sources, hot-igneous and conduction-dominated resources are under investigation for possible development. Land-use conflicts, environmental concerns and lack of risk capital may limit this development.
Prestorage leukoreduction abrogates the detrimental effect of aging on packed red cells transfused after trauma: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to prospectively duplicate previous retrospective findings showing that prestorage leukoreduction blunts the detrimental effect of aging on banked packed red blood cells transfused after injury. Methods Over 19 months, trauma patients transfused with ≥4 U of packed red blood cells and surviving ≥24 hours were followed. The age of each unit was collected. Results The cohort consisted of 153 patients. All models showed no association between advancing blood age and the likelihood of developing multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome or infections, regardless of whether the mean age of blood was analyzed as a continuous variable, as a percentage of blood received that was 14 or Conclusions This prospective study duplicates previous retrospective findings of an abrogation of the detrimental effects of advancing mean packed red blood cell age on outcomes after trauma by performing prestorage leukoreduction.
On Becoming a Profession: The Growth of Marriage and Family Therapy in India*

The practice of couple and family therapy has a long history in India. This article tracks some of the people, places, and contexts associated with the growth of marriage and family therapy (MFT) as a profession in the Indian context. Two of the authors outline their own introduction to MFT and work within this field in different cities in India in the last two decades. Based on their professional experiences and a pilot study conducted in Chennai, the authors document the needs of providers in the areas of systems-based therapy training and the practice of MFT. The role of the Indian Association for Family Therapy (IAFT) and suggestions for the future growth of the field are also highlighted.
Incorporating Service-Learning Projects into a Mobile Programming Course

The proliferation of mobile computing devices has led to the introduction of mobile programming courses in some colleges and universities. Service-learning is one of the academic tools that can be used to tie concepts learned in the classroom to real-world situations. This paper shows how service-learning projects were added to a mobile programming course. Examples of service-learning projects are also listed in the paper.
Regulation of gonadal function in uremia.

Abstract Gonadal function and its neuroendocrine control were studied in seven uremic men on chronic hemodialysis. Testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in plasma or serum by established radioimmunoassay techniques. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of testosterone was also determined by constant infusion of 3H testosterone, and blood production rates were then estimated from the AM plasma level and the metabolic clearance rates. Predialysis, plasma testosterone in these uremic men were subnormal, measuring only 289 ng 100 ml ± 60 SE (normal male values are 660 ± 70). The blood production rate of testosterone was also subnormal, averaging 2.7 mg/day in the two individuals studied, since the metabolic clearance rates were normal. However, after dialysis testosterone levels rose to 408 ± 49 ng 100 ml (p
The Effects of Topical Anesthesia on Oral Burning in Burning Mouth Syndromea

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an oral pain disorder of uncertain origin. Central or peripheral pain mechanisms may play a role in the oral burning of BMS. We tested the effect of a topical anesthetic (dyclonine HCl) on patients' intensity ratings for oral burning, taste dysgeusia and the taste of two chemical stimuli (1.0 M NaCl and 1.0 M sucrose). A total of 33 patients (9 male and 24 female, average age: 60 yr) are included in this analysis. The anesthetic reduced the perceptual intensity of both chemicals in these patients on four out of five postanesthesia trials (p < 0.01). The BMS cohort included 12 patients whose burning increased (p < 0.001), 14 patients whose burning did not change, and 7 patients whose burning decreased (p < 0.001) after anesthesia. Baseline dysgeusias (n = 13) decreased in intensity (p < 0.001) after anesthesia, suggesting BMS dysgeusia is related to the activation of peripheral taste mechanisms. The results also suggest that BMS oral burning may be a disorder of peripheral pain pathways in some patients.
Effect of Temperature Change on Heart Performance (Heart-Lung Preparation)

SummaryThe relationship between left ventricular stroke work and left atrial pressure was studied in the Starling heart-lung preparation at various temperatures.Cooling from 37° to 28.5°C consistently improved the performance. Warming from 37° to 42°C produced variable effects, but all hearts warmed to 44°C performed better than at 37°C.We conclude that over a temperature range which is detrimental to the total physiology of most mammals the myocardium is not a limiting factor.
Binding of a monoclonal antibody and its Fab fragment to supported phospholipid monolayers measured by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

The association of an anti-dinitrophenyl monoclonal antibody and its Fab fragment with supported phospholipid monolayers composed of a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dinitrophenyl-conjugated dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine has been characterized with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The surface densities of bound antibodies were measured as a function of the antibody and Fab solution concentrations, and as a function of the solution concentration of dinitrophenylglycine. The apparent association constant of Fab fragments with surface-associated haptens was approximately 10-fold lower than the association constant for haptens in solution, and the apparent surface association constant for intact antibodies was only approximately 10-fold higher than the constant for Fab fragments. Data analysis with simple theoretical models indicated that, at most antibody surface densities, 50–90% of membrane-associated intact antibodies were attached to the surface by two antigen binding sites.
The First X-ray Structural Evidence Demonstrating Thiolate Coordination in an Organocobalt B12 Model Complex: Implications for Methionine Synthase

Enzyme-bound methyl-B12 transfers its methyl group to homocysteine during methionine synthesis. However, treatment of several types of organocobalt B12 models with arene- and alkanethiolates under ambient conditions leads only to thiolate ligation. The structure of [AsPh4][EtSCo(DH)2CH3] (DH = monoanion of dimethylglyoxime), the first characterization by X-ray crystallography of an organocobalt complex containing a unidentate coordinated thiolate, demonstrates unambiguously the S-ligation of ethanethiolate to Co, trans to the CH3 ligand. This compound contains a very long Co−S bond (2.342(2) A). However, the length of the Co−C bond (2.005(7) A) is typical; this result strongly supports reported FT-Raman spectroscopic data indicating that the thiolate-type ligand does not have a strong trans influence and does not significantly weaken the Co−C bond in the ground state. Since a strong trans influence alkyl ligand weakens the trans Co−C bond, we examined the effect of EtS- on Co((DO)(DOH)pn)(CH3)2 [(DO)(DOH)...
A reflection-type phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer

A tunable reflection-type phase shifter, which consists of a quadrature coupler and a piezoelectric transducer (PET), is presented. The proposed phase shifter shows double phase shifts of the conventional PET-controlled phase shifter by calculation. Measured results of the phase shifter show a maximum phase shift of 132° with respect to the unperturbed condition at 9.7 GHz. An insertion loss (S21) and a return loss (S11) are better than 1.85 and 14.2 dB, respectively, and the insertion-loss variation is within ±0.46 dB at 9.7 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:938–940, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25885
Isolation and comparative study of the nucleocapsids of measles and canine distemper viruses from infected cells.

Abstract Nucleocapsids were isolated and purified from cells infected with measles and canine distemper virus (CDV). Electron microscopy of negatively stained nucleocapsids revealed the mean outside diameter was approximately 17–18 nm in each case and was not significantly different from similar measurements obtained with SV5 nucleocapsids and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). All nucleocapsids also revealed central hollow cores which ranged from 4.3 to 5.2 nm. Direct chemical determinations showed that both CDV and measles virus nucleocapsids contained about 5% RNA. UV absorption spectra of measles and CDV nucleocapsids were typical for nucleoproteins and 280 260 nm ratios gave estimates of 5% RNA in each case. Buoyant density determinations in CsCl with both unlabeled and 32 P-labeled nucleocapsids gave figures of 1.29–1.30 g/cc. Sedimentation analysis by analytical and sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed considerable heterogeneity, with nucleocapsids ranging from about 200–300 S. This heterogeneity was shown by electron microscopy to be due to the highly fragmented nature of the nucleocapsids. Analysis of CDV and measles nucleocapsids by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single major polypeptide when infected cells were harvested in the absence of proteolytic enzymes. These had estimated molecular weight of 54,000 (CDV) and 61,000 (measles). However, nucleocapsids prepared from cells harvested with the aid of trypsin or pronase contained two polypeptides (38,000 and 24,000 for measles; 27,000 and 22,500 for CDV), while similarly prepared SV5 nucleocapsid contained only a single polypeptide (44,500). These differences in polypeptide composition were correlated with differences in morphologic appearance of the nucleocapsids. Nucleocapsids harvested from cells in the absence of proteolytic enzymes had a loosely coiled, flexible appearance, while those harvested from cells treated with trypsin or pronase had a tightly coiled, rigid appearance. RNA was extracted from 32 P-labeled measles and CDV nucleocapsids. Treatment with RNase A converted most of the 32 P to a TCA-soluble form and DNase had no effect. Base compositions were determined on the 32 P-labeled RNA and both viruses were rich in uracil, the molar ratios for the four bases were similar for each virus and were not significantly different from values reported in the literature for the better-characterized members of the Paramyxovirus group (NDV, Sendai and SV5).
Distribution of Cs+ ions in single and mixed alkali silicate glasses from energy dispersive X-ray diffraction

The present study uses the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) technique to determine the average local distributions of Cs+ ions in silicate glasses with the compositions Cs2O·3.4 SiO2 and (0.405 Cs2O + 0.595 Na2O) · 3 SiO2. The data show that the local structure around Cs+ ions is very similar in the single and mixed alkali glasses, despite large differences in their ionicconductivities. No evidence of pairing or mixing of Cs+ and Na+ ions is seen, suggesting that the different ions may segregate submicroscopically into separate regions in the glass.
Accurate two-dimensional simulation of advective-diffusive-reactive transport

The present paper presents an accurate numerical algorithm for the simulation of 2D solute/heat transport by unsteady advection-diffusion-reaction. The model was specifically developed for the study of convective exchange processes in a cross section of lakes and ponds, when the currents are predominantly driven by density (temperature) gradients. The numerical scheme is based on the split-operator approach, in which advection and diffusion with chemical/biological kinetic processes are calculated separately at each time step. Special attention is given to the advection operator in order to avoid excessive numerical damping or oscillations, as well as to the source/sink term, which may cause numerical instability and inaccuracy if improperly treated. The model has been verified on standard test problems for a wide range of Courant, Fourier, Peclet, and Thiele numbers, and found to produce stable results of high accuracy.
Analytical results for steps of the resistively shunted Josephson junctions

Abstract By means of the modified Kepler transformation of the time the equation for the resistively shunted Josephson junction is transformed to an equation for a time-periodic variable, and analytical results for steps are then derived.
Game theory technique in investment planning

Abstract A planner makes use of various techniques in the process of planning. One of the techniques, which could be used effectively by the firm in investment planning, is the Game Theory. The purpose of the paper is to explain this technique with illustrations. The author has used this technique successfully in several decision-making situations and one of the real-life applications is presented here.
The Role of Cognitive Strategy Training in Improving the Academic Performance of Learning Disabled Children

In this Topical Review, an updated and condensed version of a chapter in Psychological and Educational Perspectives on Learning Disabilities, edited by J. K. Torgesen and B. Y. L. Wong, the authors provide an overview and discussion of the use of self-instructional training with LD children. The review is timely, because cognitive behavior modification techniques are being widely advocated as a means to help LD children become more independent and effective learners. In addition to reviewing strategy-based interventions in reading and math, the authors also present a brief discussion of several reasons why children with learning disabilities often perform ineffectively on complex tasks. The article concludes with a discussion of directions that research in this area should take in the future.—JKT
Log-Rank vs X Test for Exponentiality

This paper appraises a convenient test sometimes recommended to determine whether a set of observations has been drawn from an exponential distribution with unknown mean. The test uses simple linear regression techniques. Historically, it has been used in an intuitive manner. The intuitive procedure usually involves plotting logarithms of the empirical Cdf against corresponding observed values, then `eyeballing' the plotted points for linearity, or intuitively determining whether r2 calculated for the bivariate distribution is `high enough' or not. Using the objective procedure introduced in this paper, one regresses logarithms of ranks against observed values, calculates a standardized slope statistic, and checks this value against the tabled rejection region(s) provided. Our appraisal of the s-power of the objective log-rank test suggests that it is less s-powerful than competing tests (W, S*, D*) at larger sample sizes. Its relative performance appears to improve somewhat for smaller sample sizes. It seems fair to describe the objective log-rank test as a medium-grade test. Therefore, the practitioner should use the competing tests, unless samples are small, or practical considerations, such as convenience, are decisive in some particular situation. If convenience is important, then the log-rank test with the standardized slope used as the test statistic is an attractive option. The use of the log-rank test in its intuitive form is not recommended at all, since it very likely inclines the practitioner too often to accept the exponential hypothesis when false.
On the propagation of internal waves up a slope

Simple analytic solutions exist for the problem of periodic internal waves in an ocean of constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency where the bottom slope is linear. The solutions indicate a linear decrease of wavelength, and an increase in amplitude of the velocity field as the intersection of the bottom and the surface is approached. A logarithmic singularity exists at the intersection indicating high dissipation or breaking. The slope itself is a region of high shear.
Laser-induced-fluorescence detection of SnO in low-pressure particle-synthesis flames

Ground-state SnO has been observed in a flame for the first time using laser-induced fluorescence. The (18-0) band of the E1Σ+-X1Σ+ transition is used for excitation. SnO is found to rapidly predissociate after excitation, and the tin atom emerges electronically excited, generating a fluorescence spectrum of atomic tin lines. This transition is found to be strong enough to excite in the linear regime, and the discrete nature of the fluorescence spectrum facilitates detection in environments with strong scattering and other interferences. However, quantitative analysis is hindered by a high density of SnO lines due to the many tin isotopes. Spatial SnO profiles in a hydrogen/oxygen/tetra-n-butyltin flame are obtained using this technique, and these profiles are qualitatively similar to metal monoxide profiles in other oxide-synthesis flames.