cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of population and coherence dynamics using cross-peaks in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy

Abstract In this work, we perform a theoretical study on the dynamics and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of a model trimer system and compare the results to experimental data on the Fenna–Matthews–Olson protein. We combine a time-nonlocal quantum master equation formalism and the recently developed method for the efficient calculation of third-order photon echo polarization [M.F. Gelin, D. Egorova, W.J. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 164112] to simulate the 2D electronic spectra of the model system, and compare the time-evolution of the amplitude of cross-peaks to the coherent relaxation dynamics of the system following the excitation by a laser pulse. We show that beats of the upper diagonal peaks in the absolute value 2D spectra provide a direct probe for the coherence dynamics in the system, and the time-evolution of the amplitude of the lower diagonal cross-peaks in the real value 2D spectra can be used to reveal the population transfer among exciton states. Our results verify the intuitive description provided by response functions and demonstrate that the full coherent dynamics in a multichromophoric system can be elucidated using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.
Risk Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes or Cystic Fibrosis

Objective Evaluate depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or cystic fibrosis (CF) and identify associated risk factors. Methods A total of 195 caregivers completed demographic, stress, and depressive symptoms questionnaires. Children’s health status was obtained from medical records. Results Approximately 33% of caregivers reported elevated symptoms of depression (i.e., exceeded clinical cutoff of 16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale). For caregivers of children with T1D, elevations were associated with less caregiver education, more family stress, older child age, and worse glycemic control. For caregivers of children with CF, more family stress and lack of employment outside of the home were associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Conclusions Many caregivers of children with T1D or CF experience depressive symptoms, although risk factors may differ in these two populations. Screening of caregiver depressive symptoms as part of routine clinic visits may provide opportunities for needed intervention.
Implications for Education and Child-Rearing The Role of Women in the Middle East

The women's movement of the last two decades achieved considerable progress for women everywhere. However, this progress was neither even across cultures nor free of obstacles. Different cultures created different difficulties for women on their road to even access and equality. For the Middle Eastern woman, the road to equality has exerted similar pressure. Women everywhere had to continue the struggle between career and child-rearing; carefully making the choice between aggressive behaviour and submission and femininity and assertiveness. Since the behaviour of children is often influenced by cultural traditions and authority roles played at the home, understanding the role of the Middle Eastern woman is crucial to educating those children. This is more so with those children who migrate with their families to Western countries. Psychologists and educators can benefit from an understanding of the cultural traits of those children while attempting to educate them and assist them to adjust to their new en...
Traumatic intracardiac thrombus.

A 36-year-old male was seen in the emergency room after being hit by a car while riding a snowmobile; on admission, he was hemodynamically stable. He had multiple fractures with a right pneumothorax requiring a chest tube. Because of possible myocardial injury, he was evaluated with a transesophageal echocardiogram that revealed an abnormal motion of the right ventricle and a left atrial septal thrombus (Fig. 1, arrow) through a patent foramen ovale (Fig. 2, arrow). Serial transthoracic echocardiograms showed persistence of the thrombus. The patient was placed on a heparin drip and was subsequently started on Coumadin (DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE). Nine days postinjury, a cardiac MRI did not demonstrate the thrombus, and it had decreased significantly by echocardiographic evaluation. The patient did well with the anticoagulation. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; Ao, aorta; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.
IRMA: real-time, distributed process management using Schemer

Distributed production processes make complex demands. A control system with only one kind of solution process cannot readily handle these complex challenges. This sets out a multiprocessing system and a suite of tools to meet these challenges. We begin by setting out our aims in this research. We describe an application to control of emissions from geothermal power plants. Our discussion focuses on IRMA (Intelligent Real-time Monitoring and Assessment)-a toolkit that supports our view of process management as a collection of diverse problem-solving activities, and Schemer, a general-purpose computational architecture for building distributed, real-time knowledge-based systems such as IRMA. We assess our application and compare it with other knowledge-based systems for real-time process management. We discuss a suite of tools in IRMA that are evidently helpful in a process-management toolkit. We conclude that Schemer's integrated implementation of multiprocessing and interprocess communication clarifies and simplifies the use of multiple tools. >
“No long time of expectation”: Hume’s religious scepticism and the apocalypse

Hume never explicitly attacks the many detailed apocalyptic theories of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries but his arguments against the possibility of certain knowledge about the future implicitly subvert the entire scriptural foundation for any apocalyptic expectation.1 It is the essence of Hume’s religious scepticism to destroy the view that anyone can know for certain either that God has been providentially involved in human and natural history in the past or that He will be again in the future. So sweeping is Hume’s rejection of the “religious hypothesis” and so destructive are Hume’s sceptical arguments regarding certain knowledge about the future course of events to the rooted apocalyptic expectation among the Millennialists of his (and of our own) day that it is quite surprising to discover an important basic affinity of outlook between Hume and the Millennialists.
Latin cubes and parallel array access

The problem of efficiently storing a d-dimensional array into multiple memory modules of a shared memory machine is an important problem in parallel processing. We consider the problem for the three-dimensional arrays. More specifically, given an array A of size n/spl times/n/spl times/n and a shared memory machine with n memory modules, we show how to store A so that no two elements within any row, any column, any diagonal of a face of A and main sub-arrays of A are stored in the same memory module. The scheme thus achieves no memory conflicts when the processors of the shared memory machine simultaneously access elements within a row, column, sub-array. etc. We also show how to store A efficiently, if diagonals of A are required to be accessed conflict-free in addition to rows and columns. All of the schemes use latin cubes. >
Validating quality attribute requirements via execution-based model checking

This paper is concerned with correct specification and validation of quality attribute requirements (QAR's) that cross-cut through a diverse set of complex system functions. These requirements act as modifiers of the systems level functional requirements thereby having substantial influence on the eventual architectural selection. Because system designers traditionally address these requirements one quality attribute at a time, the process frequently results in QAR's that contain subtle conflicting behaviors. This paper presents an approach to QAR-induced behavior validation and conflict detection via execution-based model checking early in the software development process.
Trust and Reciprocity between Spouses in India

Abstract I present results from the first trust game conducted among married couples. The experiment consisted of a one-shot trust game where spouses were taken into separate rooms, not allowed to communicate, given a significant endowment, and both strategies and payoffs were common knowledge. Results indicate that only 3 percent of spouses in the sender role transfer the entire amount; the average proportion sent is 57 percent of the endowment. The limited sending is costly because the household on average is walking away with half of the potential earnings. The results provide further evidence of the lack of Pareto Efficiency within the household.
The caddisfly Dicosmoecus gilvipes: making a case for a functional role

AbstractMost caddisfly larvae build cases of silk and a variety of collected materials. Multiple functions, including protection from predators, resistance to entrainment by high flows, and improved respiration, have been suggested for caddisfly cases. We investigated the functional role of cases built by Dicosmoecus gilvipes, a limnephilid caddisfly. In this species, the 1st- through 4th-instar larvae build cases with plant material and attach Douglas-fir needles as lateral extensions that resemble vanes on an arrow. We tested whether the lateral extensions and entire case deterred predators by manipulating lateral extensions and case presence for larvae exposed to large steelhead trout. No larva with a case (with or without lateral extensions) was consumed during the experiment, whereas all larvae without a case were consumed. We tested whether lateral extensions provided stability against overturning and entrainment by manipulating presence of lateral extensions and subjecting larvae to turbulent flow ...
Accuracy of the Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners for detection of astigmatism

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of the Spot (V2.0.16) and Plusoptix S12 (ROC4, V6.1.4.0) photoscreeners in detecting astigmatism meeting AAPOS referral criteria in students from a population with high prevalence of astigmatism. Methods Students attending grades 3-8 on the Tohono O'odham reservation were examined. Screening was attempted with both the Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners. Results were compared to cycloplegic refraction. Screening attempts providing no estimate of refractive error were considered fail/refer. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of refractive errors were determined using AAPOS referral criteria and receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) analysis was conducted for measures of astigmatism. Agreement between screening and cycloplegic refraction measurements of astigmatism, spherical equivalent, and anisometropia were assessed using t tests and correlation analyses. Results A total of 209 students were included. Of the total, 116 (55%) met examination-positive criteria based on cycloplegic refraction, with 105 of those (90%) meeting the criterion for astigmatism. Measurements success rates were 97% for Spot and 54% for Plusoptix. Comparing the Spot and the Plusoptix, sensitivity was 96% versus 100%, specificity was 87% versus 61%, PPV was 90% versus 76%, and NPV was 94% versus 100% for detection of refractive error. Both screeners overestimated astigmatism by 1/3 D to 2/3 D. AUC for astigmatism was 0.97 for Spot and 0.83 for Plusoptix. Conclusions In this highly astigmatic population, the Spot and the Plusoptix had similar sensitivity, but the Spot had better specificity and measurement success rates. Compared with results from study samples with lower rates of astigmatism, our results highlight the need to assess the ability of screening instruments to detect individual types of refractive errors.
Epaxal®: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis A infection

Over the last few decades, different types of inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines have been developed: several aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines and an aluminum-free, virosome-formulated vaccine. Both types of vaccines are whole-virus preparations that are produced by growth of HAV strains in human diploid cell cultures and are subsequently inactivated with formaldehyde. This review summarizes all published papers on a virosome-formulated vaccine, Epaxal, based on formalin inactivated HAV (strain RG-SB) adsorbed to the surface of special liposomes (virosomes), that replace aluminum hydroxide as the adjuvant principle. A single injection of virosomal HAV vaccine is well tolerated and highly immunogenic, with 88-97% of seroprotection 2 weeks after a first dose. HAV virosomal vaccine can be administered concomitantly with other vaccines, without inducing antigenic competition. Direct comparison with aluminum-adsorbed vaccine has shown that the immunogenicity was similar, but fewer local reactions were reported with Epaxal. Recent studies in children have demonstrated that Epaxal Junior is also an excellent HAV vaccine for mass vaccination programs.
Erosion, transport, and tritium codeposition analysis of a beryllium wall tokamak

We analyzed beryllium first wall sputtering erosion, sputtered material transport, and T/Be codeposition for a typical nextgeneration tokamak design—the fusion ignition research experiment (FIRE). The results should be broadly applicable to any future tokamak with a beryllium first wall. Starting with a fluid code scrapeoff layer attached plasma solution, plasma D 0 neutral fluxes to the wall and divertor are obtained from the DEGAS2 neutral transport code. The D + ion flux to the wall is computed using both a diffusive term and a simple convective transport model. Sputtering coefficients for the beryllium wall are given by the VFTRIM-3D binary-collision code. Transport of beryllium to the divertor, plasma, and back to the wall is calculated with the WBC+ code, which tracks sputtered atom ionization and subsequent ion transport along the SOL magnetic field lines. Then, using results from a study of Be/W mixing/sputtering on the divertor, and using REDEP/WBC impurity transport code results, we estimate the divertor surface response. Finally, we compute tritium codeposition rates in Be growth regions on the wall and divertor for D–T plasma shots using surface temperature dependent D–T/Be rates and with different assumed oxygen contents. Key results are: (1) peak wall net erosion rates vary from about 0.3 nm s −1 for diffusion-only transport to 3 nm s −1 for diffusion plus convection, (2) T/Be codeposition rates vary from about 0.1 to 10.0 mg T s −1 depending on the model, and (3) core plasma contamination from wall-sputtered beryllium is low in all cases (< 0.02%). Thus, based on the erosion and codeposition results, the performance of a beryllium first wall is very dependent on the plasma response, and varies from acceptable to unacceptable. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
What are they hearing? The impact of perceptions of parental communication on youth

Work and family domains mutually influence one another in positive and negative ways. A fair amount of evidence supports the spillover effects between these two domains. In addition, research on crossover supports how one spouse may be influenced by another spouse's spillover. Much less evidence exists about how it affects other family members, especially children. This qualitative interpretive study explores emergent themes related to youth perceptions of how their parents' work–family spillover impacts them. Using crossover as a guiding framework, youth (N = 55) participated in a semistructured interview about their perceptions of their parents' communication regarding blending work and family and how it impacts those youth participants. The analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed several emergent themes related to youth awareness of and the impact of work–family integration issues as well as youth perceptions about their own futures. The results suggest the ways in which socialization occurs th...
Calcium-Activated Potassium (BK) Channels Are Encoded by Duplicate slo1 Genes in Teleost Fishes

Calcium-activated, large conductance potassium (BK) channels in tetrapods are encoded by a single slo1 gene, which undergoes extensive alternative splicing. Alternative splicing generates a high level of functional diversity in BK channels that contributes to the wide range of frequencies electrically tuned by the inner ear hair cells of many tetrapods. To date, the role of BK channels in hearing among teleost fishes has not been investigated at the molecular level, although teleosts account for approximately half of all extant vertebrate species. We identified slo1 genes in teleost and nonteleost fishes using polymerase chain reaction and genetic sequence databases. In contrast to tetrapods, all teleosts examined were found to express duplicate slo1 genes in the central nervous system, whereas nonteleosts that diverged prior to the teleost whole-genome duplication event express a single slo1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that whereas other slo1 duplicates were the result of a single duplication event, an independent duplication occurred in a basal teleost (Anguilla rostrata) following the slo1 duplication in teleosts. A third, independent slo1 duplication (autotetraploidization) occurred in salmonids. Comparison of teleost slo1 genomic sequences to their tetrapod orthologue revealed a reduced number of alternative splice sites in both slo1 co-orthologues. For the teleost Porichthys notatus, a focal study species that vocalizes with maximal spectral energy in the range electrically tuned by BK channels in the inner ear, peripheral tissues show the expression of either one (e.g., vocal muscle) or both (e.g., inner ear) slo1 paralogues with important implications for both auditory and vocal physiology. Additional loss of expression of one slo1 paralogue in nonneural tissues in P. notatus suggests that slo1 duplicates were retained via subfunctionalization. Together, the results predict that teleost fish achieve a diversity of BK channel subfunction via gene duplication, rather than increased alternative splicing as witnessed for the tetrapod and invertebrate orthologue.
Melatonin receptor signaling contributes to neuroprotection upon arousal from torpor in thirteen-lined ground squirrels

The brain of mammalian hibernators is naturally protected. Hibernating ground squirrels undergo rapid and extreme changes in body temperature and brain perfusion as they cycle between lengthy torpor bouts and brief periods of euthermia called interbout arousals (IBAs). Arousal from torpor to IBA occurs rapidly, but there is no evidence of brain injury accompanying this extreme physiological transition. Production of the hormone melatonin accompanies arousal, suggesting that it plays a protective role at this time. Here, we investigated mechanisms of melatonin receptor-mediated protection in the brain of the hibernating ground squirrel. We administered the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (30 mg/kg ip) to ground squirrels at the predicted end of a torpor bout, triggering an arousal. We found that luzindole-treated animals exhibited caspase-3 activity two times higher than vehicle-treated animals in the hypothalamus at midarousal (P = 0.01), suggesting that melatonin receptor signaling is important for protection in this brain region. We also found a 30% decline in succinate-fueled mitochondrial respiration in luzindole-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated animals (P = 0.019), suggesting that melatonin receptor signaling is important for optimal mitochondrial function during arousal from torpor. The mitochondrial effects of luzindole treatment were seen only during the hibernation season, indicating that this effect is specifically important for arousal from torpor. These data provide evidence for the protective role of melatonin receptor signaling during the extreme physiological transition that occurs when a hibernating mammal arouses from torpor and provide further evidence for regional and seasonal changes in the hibernator brain.
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Multicultural Counseling Competence

The authors examined the association between multicultural counseling competence (MCC) and mindfulness. Previous authors have maintained a conceptual link between MCC and mindfulness; however, this is the first empirical analysis of the relationship between MCC and mindfulness. Results revealed that, after race/ethnicity, multicultural course completion, and empathy were controlled, components of mindfulness were correlated with multicultural awareness and multicultural knowledge. These results have implications for counselor education, counseling practice, and future research.
Pay-as-You-Go Resource Auctions

Under the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism, the divisions of a corporation are asked to report profit projections for each feasible allocation of corporate resources. Based on these reports, headquarters determine an efficient allocation and distribute side payments to the divisions that reward truthful revelation of the divisions' private information. Both the required reports and headquarters' optimization problem grow rapidly in complexity with the number of heterogeneous resources to be allocated. This paper discusses two designs that aim to reduce the complexity of both the divisions' reporting tasks and headquarters' optimization task through an iterative and distributed procedure. The designs apply to resources that affect only their recipient (private goods) as well as to resources that create positive or negative externalities for other divisions (public goods). The designs allow divisions to subsidize or penalize the consumption of public goods by other divisions and uses a differential, pay-as-you-go pricing rule to reward truthful revelation of private information. The VCG mechanism thus implemented holds some promise as a practically viable allocation process for corporate resources.
Myeloperoxidase biosynthesis by a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line: insight into myeloperoxidase deficiency

The biosynthesis and processing of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a cationic enzyme present in the azurophilic granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), were studied in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. HL-60 cells produce large quantities of enzymatically active MPO that has the same electrophoretic behavior as MPO isolated from normal PMNs. Mature MPO is a glycoprotein of approximately 150,000 molecular weight (mol wt) composed of two heavy-light protomers (alpha 2 beta 2) with subunits of 59,000 and 13,500 mol wt, respectively, under reducing conditions. The primary translation product of MPO messenger RNA (mRNA) isolated from HL-60 cells was a single polypeptide of mol wt 80,000. In HL-60 cells labeled with [35S]-methionine, the labeled MPO isolated by immunoprecipitation had a mol wt of 89,000. Treatment of this 89-kilodalton (kDa) species with endoglycosidase H produced a 79-kDa peptide, suggesting that the 89-kDa protein contained high-mannose side chains. The 89-kDa species had no detectable peroxidase activity. During chase experiments some of the 89-kDa peptide was processed to smaller species of mol wt 39,000, 59,000, and 13,500, although a fraction of the 89-kDa peptide remained unprocessed after a chase of 100 hours. In addition, a small amount of the 89-kDa peptide appeared in the medium without any of the processed smaller peptides. These studies suggest that the primary translation product in MPO biosynthesis is an 80-kDa peptide that undergoes cotranslational cleavage of the signal peptide and glycosylation to produce an 89-kDa pro-MPO, that pro-MPO is a single polypeptide containing the alpha and beta subunits of MPO and contains endoglycosidase H-susceptible high-mannose side chains, and that posttranslational modification of pro-MPO results in targeting to the lysosome and proteolytic maturation of pro-MPO to active enzyme. In light of the previous observation that MPO-deficient and normal PMNs contain an 89-kDa protein immunochemically related to MPO, these studies on MPO biosynthesis indirectly support the hypothesis that defective posttranslation processing by pro-MPO may underlie hereditary MPO deficiency.
Band-Pass Filter Action of the Cochlea During Nembutal Anesthesia.

SummaryIn cats under nembutal anesthesia, there is a selective depression of the cochlear response so that with threshold stimulations it functions as a band-pass filter for frequencies around 1700 cycles/sec. This depression does not appear to be due to the anesthetic, per se, nor to fall in body temperature, but occurs in association with depression of the respiratory rate.
Analysis of 4 cases of neonatal death caused by intrahepatic cholestasis and citrin deficiency

Objective To improve the ability of paediatricians in diagnosis and understanding of the prognosis about neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) by analyzing the dead cases.Method 4 patients died of NICCD in Endocrinology Department of our hospital during 2004-2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 4 patients,mutation Ⅰ/Ⅰ,Ⅰ/Ⅲ.3 cases started with infant hepatitis syndromes,1 case started with pale yellow stool,1 case started with hepatosplenomegaly.3 cases started with edema.Psychomotor retardation showed in 2 cases.The average age of these patients were 49 days.2 cases showed hypoglycemia,all cases showed obvious citrulline increasing by amino acid analysis.3 cases showed high galactitol level if detected by urine GC-MS analysis.4 cases showed coagulation disorders.3 patients with NICCD were treated.The blood sugar increased after 11 days' treatment in 2 cases,but their liver function didn′ t improve.1 case died 6 days after admission,1 case died after leaving the hospital,1 case died 11 months after discharging from the hospital.1 case readmitted for lung infection after 13 months follow up.The primary cause of death in all the cases was pneumorrhagia.Conclusions It is important to check the disorders of NICCD gene in the severe patients to make the correct diagnosis as early as possible,but this is meaningless to the prognosis of the patients.Coagulation disorders and pneumorrhagia are the primary causes of death in these patients.
Association of Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose, and Temperature With Neurological Outcome After Childhood Stroke.

Importance To our knowledge, no evidence-based guidelines are available for the best medical management of blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and temperature in pediatric patients after arterial ischemic stroke. Objective To determine the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and temperature in pediatric patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke and to explore any association between these measures and neurological outcome. Design, Setting, and Participants We performed a retrospective review of children aged 29 days to 18 years with their first arterial ischemic stroke between January 2009 and December 2013 at a tertiary academic children’s hospital. Ninety-eight children with stroke were identified by anInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code search and medical record review. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and temperature data were collected for 5 days after the stroke. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile for age, sex, and height for 2 consecutive recordings and 2 consecutive days. Hypotension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure below the fifth percentile for age, sex, and height for 2 consecutive recordings. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or greater. Morbidity and mortality at 3 months were documented. Data analyses were performed from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. Interventions or Exposures Abnormal blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and fever in the setting of arterial ischemic stroke. Main Outcomes and Measures The a priori outcome measure was poor clinical outcome, defined as a Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure score of 1 or greater, which represents a moderate neurological deficit. Results The median (interquartile range) age of the 98 children was 6.0 (0.6-14.3) years, and 58 (59.2%) were male. Hypertension was present in 64 (65.3%), hypotension in 67 (68.4%), hyperglycemia in 17 (18.1%), and fever in 37 (37.8%). The strongest association with poor neurological outcome was an infarct size of 4% or greater of brain volume (odds ratio, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.0-15.4;P = .001). Hyperglycemia was also independently associated with poor neurological outcome (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2-12.4;P = .02). Hypertension and fever were not significantly associated with infarct size, poor outcome, or death. Hypertension was not documented in 24 of 87 surviving children (27.6%) at 3-month follow-up and was not associated with poor neurological outcome. Conclusions and Relevance Abnormalities of blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and temperature are prevalent in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Infarct volume and hyperglycemia were associated with poor neurological outcome but hypertension and fever were not. Prospective studies that systematically record blood pressure, blood glucose, and temperature data are required to further assess the associations between these potentially modifiable physiological parameters and pediatric stroke outcome.
CuMAS: Data Transfer Aware Multi-Application Scheduling for Shared GPUs

Recent generations of GPUs and their corresponding APIs provide means for sharing compute resources among multiple applications with greater efficiency than ever. This advance has enabled the GPUs to act as shared computation resources in multi-user environments, like supercomputers and cloud computing. Recent research has focused on maximizing the utilization of GPU computing resources by simultaneously executing multiple GPU applications (i.e., concurrent kernels) via temporal or spatial partitioning. However, they have not considered maximizing the utilization of the PCI-e bus which is equally important as applications spend a considerable amount of time on data transfers.In this paper, we present a complete execution framework, CuMAS, to enable `data-transfer aware' sharing of GPUs across multiple CUDA applications. We develop a novel host-side CUDA task scheduler and a corresponding runtime, to capture multiple CUDA calls and re-order them for improved overall system utilization. Different from the preceding studies, CuMAS scheduler treats PCI-e up-link & down-link buses and the GPU itself as separate resources. It schedules corresponding phases of CUDA applications so that the total resource utilization is maximized. We demonstrate that the data-transfer aware nature of CuMAS framework improves the throughput of simultaneously executed CUDA applications by up to 44% when run on NVIDIA K40c GPU using applications from CUDA SDK and Rodinia benchmark suite.
Remedial Process Optimization and Ozone Sparging for Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Impacted Groundwater

A former natural gas processing station is impacted with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and benzene. Remedial process optimization (RPO) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the historical air sparging/soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE) system and the current groundwater extraction and treatment system. The RPO indicated that both remedial activities offered no further benefit in meeting remediation goals. Instead, an in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) system was recommended. Ozone was selected, and the results of a bench test indicated that the ozone demand was 8 to 12 mg ozone/mg TPH and that secondary by-products would include hexavalent chromium and bromate. A capture zone analysis was conducted through groundwater flow modeling (MODFLOW) to ensure containment of the injected oxidant using the existing groundwater extraction system. Results of a pilot study indicated that the optimum frequency of ozone sparging is 60 minutes in order to reach a maximum radius of influence of 20 feet. TPH concentrations within the treatment zone decreased by 97 percent over two months of ozone sparging. Concentrations of hexavalent chromium and bromate increased from nondetect to 44 and 110 mg/L, respectively, during the ozone sparging but attenuated to nondetectable concentrations within three months of system shut down. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensorial Adaptations to Strabismus

This chapter discusses binocular vision, its disorders, as well as sensorial adaptations. A single object produces two separate retinal images, one in each eye, and binocular vision allows fusion of these two images together into a single image. Binocular vision allows for separate and dissimilar images arising in each eye to fuse together into a single image. Disorders of binocular vision result in sensorial adaptations that differ between visually mature and immature systems. In the visually immature system, adaptations of suppression and anomalous retinal correspondence prevent diplopia. Adults with mature visual systems are unable to develop these sensorial adaptations causing diplopia or visual confusion. A number of tests can be utilized to determine retinal correspondence, diplopia, suppression, and stereovision.
Watershed Land Use and Seasonal Variation Constrain the Influence of Riparian Canopy Cover on Stream Ecosystem Metabolism

Ecosystem metabolism is an important determinant of trophic structure, nutrient cycling, and other critical ecosystem processes in streams. Whereas watershed- and local-scale controls on stream metabolism have been independently investigated, little is known about how controls exerted at different scales interact to determine stream metabolic rates, particularly in urban streams and across seasons. To address this knowledge gap, we measured ecosystem metabolism in four urban and four reference streams in northern Kentucky, USA, with paired closed and open riparian canopies, during each of the four seasons. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production (NEP) were all best predicted by models with season as a main effect, but interactions between season, canopy, and watershed varied for each response. Urban streams exhibited higher GPP during most seasons, likely due to elevated nutrient loads. Open canopy reaches in both urban and forested streams, supported higher rates of GPP than the closed canopy which reaches during the summer and fall, when the overhead vegetation shaded the closed reaches. The effect of canopy cover on GPP was similar among urban and forested streams. The combination of watershed and local-scale controls resulted in urban streams that alternated between net heterotrophy (NEP 0) at the reach-scale during seasons with dense canopy cover. This finding has management relevance because net production can lead to accumulation of algal biomass and associated issues like nighttime hypoxia. Our study suggests that although watershed urbanization fundamentally alters ecosystem function, the preservation and restoration of canopied riparian zones can provide an important management tool at the local scale, with the strongest impacts on stream metabolism during summer.
Molecular mechansisms of hyperoxic lung injury: Implications for ronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and ARDS

H is routinely used in the treatment of pulmonary insufficiency and respiratory distress in preterm and term infants and in adults with acute respiratory disease (ARDS). However, in infants, hyperoxia contributes to the development of chronic lung disease (CLD), which is termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The molecular mechanisms of oxygen-mediated lung injury are not understood, but reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the most likely candidates. ROSare also responsible for many other lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Results from our laboratory demonstrate a novel role for cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A enzymes in the detoxification of ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes. Our major observations are that mice lacking the genes for CYP1A1 or 1A2 are more susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury than wild type mice, with Cyp1a2-null mice being the most sensitive. On the other hand, mice lacking the gene for CYP1B1, are less susceptible to lung injury, suggesting a pro-oxidant role for CYP1B1. Mice pre-treated with the CYP1A inducer (β-napthoflavone (BNF), followed by exposure to hyperoxia leads to protection against lung injury. We also found formation of bulky oxidative lesions (oxidative DNA adducts) in tracheal aspirates of premature infants and adults who received supplemental oxygen, and this was associated with BPD and ARDS, thereby suggesting that these adducts could serve as novel biomarkers of these diseases. Future studies could lead to the development of rational strategies for the prevention/treatment of lung diseases associated with hyperoxia.
Ultrasonic signal compression using wavelet packet decomposition and adaptive thresholding

We introduce a systematic design flow consisting of two main stages for ultrasonic signal compression. The first stage of the algorithm is concerned with finding the maximum energy compaction. This is accomplished by finding an optimal subband decomposition tree structure for a particular combination of a wavelet kernel and the experimental input data. The second stage of the algorithm is concerned with the coefficient reduction using thresholding techniques. In addition to global thresholding, an adaptive thresholding is applied locally to each subband. The iterative nature of the algorithm ensures that the scales (subbands) that retain most of the total signal energy are preserved while the coefficients in other scales (mostly higher detail scales) are eradicated aggressively. The performance of the compression algorithm has been quantified with experimental data and shown to offer significant resilience to different experimental data sets.
DESIGN OF A LOW PROFILE CONFORMAL ARRAY FOR TRANSCRANIALULTRASOUND IMAGING

In our ongoing work toward transskull ultrasound brain imaging, we investigate an optically-registered “belt-type” conformal transducer designed to maximize energy transfer while maintaining precise phase control. Previous simulations determined that approximately 500 channels is sufficient for two-dimensional brain imaging by utilizing a tomographic approach valid on irregular boundaries [Clement, Inverse Problems 30 125010 (2014)]. The present design is based around an assembly of rigid planar sub-arrays with flexible interconnects. Each piezo-composite sub-array (500 kHz, 1-3 random-fiber, 20 mm X 20 mm) is formed by electroding both faces of the composite before partially dicing the rear surface to produce 19 signal electrode terminals (width~0.85 mm, height~20 mm, and kerf~0.18 mm) with a shared ground face. Sub-arrays are bonded to a custom printed circuit boards and wired to shielded ribbon cable. The full transducer is then created by UV bonding the electrodes to a flexible band, forming the front...
Abstract P638: Investigating Gene Pleiotropy in the Metabolic Syndrome in Lyon Hypertensive Rats

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) - hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance - is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Our overall goal is to identify novel genes and pathways causing MetS. Our previous work determined that rat chromosome 17 (RNO17) contributes to several MetS-defining traits (including high blood pressure, obesity, and dyslipidemia) in the Lyon Hypertensive (LH) rat, a genetically determined MetS rat model. We hypothesized that at least some of the traits on RNO17 are controlled by a single gene with pleiotropic effects. To address this hypothesis, we generated congenic strains where a defined fragment of RNO17 from the LH rat was substituted by that of the control Lyon Normotensive (LN) rat, and measured MetS phenotypes. One congenic (LH-17LNa), with the proximal 30 Mb of RNO17 from the LH genome substituted with that of the LN genome, did not show significant differences from the LH parental strain. However, another congenic strain (LH-17LNc), with a substituted fragment at the distal end of RNO17 (84-97 Mb), showed significant differences from the LH rat in serum total cholesterol (3.15 ± 0.15 vs. 4.29 ± 0.17 mMol; p<0.01) and triglycerides (0.47 ± 0.06 vs. 1.27± 0.13 mMol; p<0.001), and a trend for reduced blood pressure (SBP 150.8 ± 3.4 vs. 157.1 ± 1.7 mmHg; p=0.1). Interestingly, there was no difference in body weight between the LH-17LNc and the parental LH rat (440 + 7.2 vs. 435 + 9.1 g). These data indicate that serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and possibly blood pressure are regulated by a gene(s) in the distal congenic interval, and could be due to pleiotropy. The data also indicate body weight is not determined by the same gene(s). Interestingly, only two small haplotypes spanning a total of 1 Mb differ between the LH and LN genomes in the congenic interval. Genes in these haplotypes are being studied as candidate genes for causing dyslipidemia in the LH rat. Overall MetS, even in a simplified genetic model such as the LH-17LN rat, is likely due to both independent and pleiotropic gene effects.
Tight policy regret bounds for improving and decaying bandits

We consider a variant of the well-studied multiarmed bandit problem in which the reward from each action evolves monotonically in the number of times the decision maker chooses to take that action. We are motivated by settings in which we must give a series of homogeneous tasks to a finite set of arms (workers) whose performance may improve (due to learning) or decay (due to loss of interest) with repeated trials. We assume that the arm-dependent rates at which the rewards change are unknown to the decision maker, and propose algorithms with provably optimal policy regret bounds, a much stronger notion than the often-studied external regret. For the case where the rewards are increasing and concave, we give an algorithm whose policy regret is sublinear and has a (provably necessary) dependence on the time required to distinguish the optimal arm from the rest. We illustrate the behavior and performance of this algorithm via simulations. For the decreasing case, we present a simple greedy approach and show that the policy regret of this algorithm is constant and upper bounded by the number of arms.
Incentive Mechanism Design for Integrated Microgrids in Peak Ramp Minimization Problem

Due to the high levels of renewable integration into the future power system, matching supply to demand becomes much more challenging, which requires system operators to have sufficient ramping flexibility to respond to the huge demand-supply gap when renewable generation suddenly drops off. To overcome this challenge, microgrids have been advocated as a viable solution to reduce variability and uncertainty associated with renewable generation by rescheduling their energy generation and storage resources based on grid flexibility requirements. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism design to motivate microgrids to participate in the peak ramp minimization problem for the system. By offering reimbursement for each microgrid to deviate from the original optimal operation point, the ramping capability requirement to match supply demand can be significantly reduced. We model and analyze the economic interaction between the distribution system operator (DSO) and microgrids using the Nash bargaining theory. The Nash bargaining solution (NBS) can be obtained by solving the centralized social welfare maximization problem. However, due to the distributed topology of the power network as well as independent decision-making nature of microgrids, the centralized design is not suitable for practical implementation. Therefore, we propose two distributed algorithms to achieve the NBS using the alternating direction method of multipliers decomposition technique, which can execute in either synchronous fashion or asynchronous fashion. The simulation results demonstrate the convergence performance of the proposed distributed algorithms as well as the efficacy of our model in achieving benefits for both microgrids and the DSO.
The effect of low energy helium ion irradiation on tungsten-tantalum (W-Ta) alloys under fusion relevant conditions

Abstract Currently, tungsten remains the best candidate for plasma-facing components (PFCs) for future fusion devices because of its high melting point, low erosion, and strong mechanical properties. However, continued investigation has shown tungsten to undergo severe morphology changes under fusion-like conditions. These results motivate the study of innovative PFC materials which are resistant to surface morphology evolution. The goal of this work is to examine tungsten-tantalum (W-Ta) alloys, a potential PFC material, and their response to low energy helium ion irradiation. Specifically, W-Ta samples are exposed to 100 eV helium irradiations with a flux of 1.15 × 1021 ions m−2 s−1, at 873 K, 1023 K, and 1173 K for 1 h duration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals significant changes in surface deterioration due to helium ion irradiation as a function of both temperature and tantalum concentration in W-Ta samples. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies show a slight lattice parameter expansion in W-Ta alloy samples compared to pure W samples. The observed lattice parameter expansion in W-Ta alloy samples (proportional to increasing Ta wt.% concentrations) reflect significant differences observed in the evolution of surface morphology, i.e., fuzz development processes for both increasing Ta wt.% concentration and target temperature. These results suggest a correlation between the observed morphology differences and the induced crystal structure change caused by the presence of tantalum. Shifts in the XRD peaks before and after 100 eV helium irradiation with a flux of 1.15 × 1021 ions m−2 s−1, 1023 K, for 1 h showed a significant difference in the magnitude of the shift. This has suggested a possible link between the atomic spacing of the material and the accumulated damage. Ongoing research is needed on W-Ta alloys and other innovative materials for their application as irradiation resistant materials in future fusion or irradiation environments.
Analysis of six aromatic amines stability in workplace measurement

For aromatic amine determination in workplaces, stabilities of six types of carcinogenic aromatic amines (2,4-diaminotoluene, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, o-tolidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), and o-dianisidine) were evaluated with air or argon gas bubbling for 45 min in aqueous solution under light irradiation (desk lamp) and heating conditions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify and quantify the aromatic amines. The following conditions were selected: temperature program 70°C (1 min), 7 grad/min up to 120°C (1 min), 10 grad/min up to 300°C (5 min), carrier gas flow rate 1.0 mL/min. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine concentration decreased by approximately 10% after irradiation with a desk lamp for 45 min in distilled water, and a monochloro compound was detected by GC–MS. The other aromatic amines were rarely different from the 0-min concentration. The shielding prevented the decomposition of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in distilled water.
The Effects of Metaphor Use and Message Format on Cognitive Processing and Persuasive Outcomes of Condom Promotion Messages

The potential of pictorial and verbal metaphors to gain attention and enhance persuasion is considerable. Few scholars, however, have investigated the persuasive effects of metaphor in health messa...