cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improvement of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials by ketamine

Many anaesthetics effect the latency and amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). We present a patient who underwent two anterior/posterior spine fusions (A/PSF) at age 11 and 12 years old after resection of a spinal astrocytoma. She did have residual neurologic deficits of her lower extremities. SSEPs were unobtainable during the first surgery using an opioid-based anaesthetic. A ketamine-based anaesthetic was used for the second surgery and SSEPs were easily monitored. No other factors seem to have changed between the two surgeries. The anaesthetic management during each procedure is reviewed and the contributions of other factors to SSEP monitoring discussed.
The Effects of Asphaltenes on the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Asphalt

There are about two million miles of asphalt pavement in this country and billions of dollars are spent annually on building and repairing them. Asphalt roads are constructed with layers of graded crushed stone glued together with asphalt. There are several properties that an asphalt must possess to be a good glue. Obviously it must have good adhesion to the stone. It must set up in a reasonable time and it must be sufficiently ductile to resist cracking under stresses from traffic and temperature changes.
The Guideline Approach to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: How Effective?

Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed to assist health care decisions in specific clinical circumstances. They first arose to improve quality of care by decreasing unexplained practice variation, controlling health care costs, fostering evidence-based decision-making, and accelerating the application of new advances in medical science to everyday practice. Unfortunately, multiple studies demonstrate incomplete and varied effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines in altering clinician behavior and improving patient outcomes. Efforts to enhance guideline effectiveness have focused on improving the methods for guideline development, diffusion, dissemination, and implementation. Despite evidence of limited effectiveness, more than 40 clinical practice guidelines pertaining to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been published since 1985. The present article reviews those guidelines, evidence for their effectiveness, and approaches to improve their implementation.
Acetylcholine-induced currents in acutely dissociated sympathetic neurons from adult hypertensive and normotensive rats have similar properties.

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to compare the amplitude and kinetics of acetylcholine-induced currents (I ACh) in acutely isolated superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, to determine if altered postsynaptic transmitter responsiveness underlies the increased sympathetic nerve activity in SHR rat neurons. Rapidly activating and slowly inactivating inward currents were recorded in response to rapid application of ACh (5 μM to 2 mM). Concentration/response relationships for SCG neurons isolated for SHR and WKY rats had dissociation constants of 161 μM and 169 μM, maximum responses of 26 nS/pF and 24 nS/pF, and Hill coefficients of 1.8 and 1.9, respectively. Activation of the currents was fitted well by a single exponential function with concentration-dependent time constants, whereas inactivation was fitted well by a double exponential function also with concentration-dependent time constants. The time constants of both activation and inactivation for SHR and WKY rats were not significantly different at any concentration tested. The results demonstrate that the postsynaptic effects of ACh are similar between SHR and WKY rat postganglionic neurons and, therefore, probably do not contribute to the observed differences in ganglionic transmission between SHR and WKY rat nerves.
Situated Inferences and the What, Who, and Where of Priming

We describe the situated inference model and discuss how it may contribute to better understanding priming effects and their absence. The model suggests that priming effects result when primes make certain ideas more likely to come to mind and those ideas are misattributed to one’s own thoughts, interpreted in light of situational affordances. This perspective organizes a range of moderators identified in previous priming studies. We also describe new research that has tested the model’s predictions. Finally, we consider the implications of the model for debates about the nature and replicability of priming effects on higher order cognition and behavior. Sometimes simple ideas combine to create something surprising. The effects of incidental stimuli (primes) on higher order thought and behavior are surely surprising, and this has contributed to both enthusiasm and skepticism about priming effects. We have argued that the appearance and disappearance of priming effects can be understood based on the combination of three simple premises. The first is that primes tend to increase the accessibility of related information, making certain thoughts and feelings more likely to come to mind. The second is that people tend to assume that their thoughts and feelings are about whatever they are attending to at the moment (even when the thoughts were actually caused by something else; see Higgins, 1998). And the third is that people tend to use accessible thoughts and feelings to guide responses to the situations in which they find themselves. From this perspective, priming is expected only when all three of these processes coincide. Stated simply, priming effects result when primes make certain ideas more likely to come to mind and those ideas are misattributed to one’s own thoughts, interpreted in light of situational affordances. To know how a
Abyss-Lite: A High-Resolution Gravimetric and Bathymetric Mission

Data generated by a radar altimeter over large bodies of water are sufficient to support the generation of gravity anomaly maps and bathymetric charts. This paper outlines the conceptual design of a single-frequency high-precision radar altimeter hosted on a small dedicated Pegasusclass spacecraft whose mission would be to determine near-global bathymetry to a resolution of 6 km (half-wavelength) by measuring sea-surface slopes. The resulting data will extend the highresolution end of the spectrum beyond the best existing marine gravimetric and bathymetric data by two octaves. The key instrument characteristic is fine measurement precision, as exemplified by the delay-Doppler radar altimeter.
Rates and Forcing of Marsh Edge Erosion in a Shallow Coastal Bay

Salt marshes can experience a significant land loss through erosion and retreat of their perimeter edges. Rates of shoreline change between 1957 and 2007 were determined for four salt marshes in a Virginia coastal bay using aerial photographs and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). High average rates of lateral erosion of 1.0–1.6 m year−1 were found at three marshes, while the edge of the fourth marsh, along the mainland edge of the bay, remained stable. Erosion rates were temporally consistent during the 50-year period at the three eroding sites, although there was a significant spatial variation in rates of change along the length of the edges at these sites. A simple parametric wave model and the SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) spectral wave model were used to calculate incident wave energy flux along the marsh boundaries at each of the sites. Values of wave energy flux agreed fairly well between the two models but are sensitive to the manner in which wave energy flux is calculated. A stronger relationship was found between wave energy flux and volumetric erosion rates along the marsh edges than with lateral erosion rates. This is an important consideration when examining the effects of future sea level rise on marsh loss.
Experiments on high excitation density, quenching, and radiative kinetics in CsI:Tl scintillator

Abstract Information on quenching as a function of electron–hole density through the range of 10 19 to 2×10 20 e–h/cm 3 typically deposited towards the end of an electron track has been acquired using 0.5 ps pulses of 5.9 eV light to excite in the band-to-band or high-exciton region of CsI and CsI:Tl. A streak camera records partially quenched luminescence from self-trapped excitons (STE) and excited activators (Tl +⁎ ). Both the Tl +⁎ and STE luminescence exhibit decreasing light yield versus excitation density N max , but it is only the 302 nm STE luminescence that exhibits decay time quenching dependent on N max . Fitting the STE decay time data to a model of dipole–dipole quenching yields the time-dependent bimolecular rate constant for quenching of STEs (and Tl +⁎ light yield) in CsI at room temperature: k 2 ( t )=2.4×10 −15 cm 3 s −1/2 ( t −1/2 ).
The Impact of Reversing Regulatory Arbitrage on Loan Originations: Evidence from Bank Holding Companies

Mortgage banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies (BHCs) became increasingly active players in the mortgage origination market during the last decade. At the time, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) had supervisory power over BHCs, and under the Bank Holding Company Act was authorized to monitor and examine the subsidiaries of BHCs under certain circumstances. However, this authority did not clearly extend to routine examinations of nonbank subsidiaries of BHCs. This changed between 2007 and 2009 due to FRB policy on consumer compliance supervision for nonbank subsidiaries of BHCs. Our empirical analysis tests for the impact of the new policy on the quantity and quality of loan originations by mortgage banking subsidiaries of BHCs. We use a difference-in-differences estimator with the control group being other types of lenders. We show that loan production moved from mortgage banking subsidiaries to their affiliated depository institutions after the policy change. The quality of loans originated by mortgage banking subsidiaries of BHCs increased after the policy change: The denial rates for mortgage applications increased, loan-to-income ratios decreased, and the proportion of owner occupied houses increased in mortgage banking subsidiaries more than they did in other types of lenders.
How to reason without words: inference as categorization

The idea that reasoning is a singular accomplishment of the human species has an ancient pedigree. Yet this idea remains as controversial as it is ancient. Those who would deny reasoning to nonhuman animals typically hold a language-based conception of inference which places it beyond the reach of languageless creatures. Others reject such an anthropocentric conception of reasoning on the basis of similar performance by humans and animals in some reasoning tasks, such as transitive inference. Here, building on the modal similarity theory of Vigo [J Exp Theor Artif Intell, 2008 (in press)], we offer an account in which reasoning depends on a core suite of subsymbolic processes for similarity assessment, discrimination, and categorization. We argue that premise-based inference operates through these subsymbolic processes, even in humans. Given the robust discrimination and categorization abilities of some species of nonhuman animals, we believe that they should also be regarded as capable of simple forms of inference. Finally, we explain how this account of reasoning applies to the kinds of transitive inferences that many nonhuman animals display.
Catalytic gasification of graphite by calcium and nickel-calcium

Abstract Controlled atmosphere electron microscopy has been used to study the influence of calcium on the graphite-oxygen and graphite-steam reactions. Direct observation of the specimen surface has enabled us to establish that the high catalytic activity of calcium for graphite oxidation is associated with the ability of the alkaline earth to wet and spread along the graphite edges, which subsequently undergo gasification by the edge recession mode. We have found that in the presence of steam, calcium-coated graphite edges would occasionally deactivate, and this behavior became more pronounced as the temperature was increased. A decrease in rate of gasification was found when nickel was added to calcium, this is attributed to a fundamental difference in the mechanisms by which these two elements catalyze the graphite-steam reaction.
Synthesis of 1-Amino-3-{2-[7-(6-deoxy-α/β-D-galactopyranos-6-yl)-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran(12)-1-yl]ethyl}cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid Hydrochloride

1-Amino-3-{2-[7-(6-deoxy-α/β-D-galactopyranos-6-yl)-1,7-dicarba- closo -dodecaboran(12)-1-yl]ethyl}cyclobutanecarboxylic acid was synthesized as a potential new agent for boron neutron capture therapy. The key step in the synthesis is the alkylation of 3-{2-[1,7-dicarba- closo -dodecaboran(12)-1-yl]ethyl}cyclobutanone ethylene monothioketal with 1,2:3,4-di- O -isopropylidene-6- O -triflyl-α-D-galactopyranose which gave the precursor ketone that was then converted to the title amino acid via a Bucherer-Strecker synthesis followed by removal of isopropylidene groups in HCl. Preliminary toxicity data in A 435 cancer cells were obtained.
The Onsager reciprocal relations in transformed coordinates: arbitrary flux and displacement transformations.

Abstract The duality principle of network theory is used to obtain the thermodynamic force transformation which is associated with a thermodynamic flux transformation between two coordinate systems. It is assumed that the Onsager reciprocal relations are valid in both coordinate systems, but it is not assumed that the components of any of the forces or fluxes are linearly independent. Inhomogeneous as well as homogeneous flux constraints and transformations are treated. It is shown that thermodynamic displacement transformations between coordinate systems of the same dimension do not alter the validity of the Onsager reciprocity theorem itself if the elements of the transformed displacement matrix are even functions of the atomic velocities.
Neuroticism and the prevalence of tipping: A cross-country study

Abstract Tipping is a widespread custom in which service patrons voluntarily give money, above and beyond the price of the service, to the workers who have served them. This study found that the greater a nation's level of neuroticism the larger the number of service professions that it is customary to tip in that country. This finding provides some support for an anthropological theory that tipping evolved as an institutionalized means of reducing service workers' envy of their customers.
Analysis of a complex vertical copulatory-courtship display in the yellow fever vector Sabethes chloropterus.

. Sabethes chloropterus (Von Humboldt) (Diptera: Culicidae), an arboreal mosquito vector of the yellow fever virus, perches on vertical surfaces, where airborne males patrol for potential mates and mating occurs. Laboratory analysis of 26 virgin mating pairs partly confirms and greatly extends an earlier description suggesting that males perform a courtship ritual. A male approaches a female by hovering behind her, moving toward her from one side, reaching toward her and occasionally touching her with his closest midleg, and eventually seizing her wing with that midleg and inverting beneath her, forelegs against the substrate. Immediately after male alignment with the female, the pair enters a superficial genital-coupling phase, in which the male's extended gonostyli are linked to the female, and he proceeds sequentially through four stages of midleg oscillations (MLOs): Alternate I, Synchronous I, Double-flex, and Synchronous II. Following one or more genital thrusts, the pair shifts to a full-copulation phase, which lasts only up to 6 s, during which the genitalia are clasped and insemination occurs. The male raises his midlegs and hindlegs in succession, then performs Alternate II MLO until the female kicks him and he is released. Nineteen (73%) of the 26 pairs successfully completed the entire sequence, including genital shift and full copulation, taking an average of 3.7 min. Features of the display that might determine success were not evident. Reversions in the chain of events occurred, but linear progression of stages and phases was characteristic of nearly all matings. The male's approach, however, lacked stereotypic form and probably is not part of the courtship.
The implications of regulatory guidelines on allergen vial mixing for the practicing otolaryngologist.

OBJECTIVES: To introduce otolaryngologists to proposed standards regarding allergen vial mixing, to identify clinical implications, and to recommend efforts to address the issue of vial mixing standards. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A policy review. RESULTS: The Institute of Medicine report on medical errors increased awareness of medication errors, spurring efforts to improve patient safety. One example is the United States Pharmacopoeia's (USP) Chapter 797, a standard for sterile medication compounding. This standard requires the use of a dedicated clean room, ventilation hood, air sampling, surface sampling, and formal testing of mixing personnel. Regulatory agencies may include allergy vial mixing under USP 797. Formal allergy vial mixing guidelines are presented as a standard created by the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy taskforce on allergen vial mixing. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Otolaryngologists must be involved the discussion regarding vial mixing standards to ensure that the standards developed are reasonable, safe, preserve patient access, and are based on evidence based medicine.
Texas Mahonia-A Neglected Economic Plant'

The Texas Mahonia, Mahonia swaseyt (Buckley) Fedde, attracts little attention today despite the fact we are entering an era of public awareness of the out-of-doors. The common name "Agrito" or "Agarita" derives from the Mexican term for "sour" applied to the widespread, related species Mahonia trifoliolata (Moric.) Fedde. The habitat of M. swaseyi is limited to the Devil's Backbone area in Comal and Hays Counties. The genus name honors the American horticulturist Bernard M'Mahon (1775-1816), and the species name honors the botanist Swasey (23). The plant was first discovered along the Pedernales River in Texas and was introduced into cultivation in U.S. Zone 7 in 1917 (5, 19). Today the plant is apparently not propagated in the nursery trade. The first botanical description, according to Index Kewensis (12), was published by Fedde in 1901 in the Botanische Jahrbuch 31: 102. Fedde's description cited the following references (4):
Critical point exponents and magnetic susceptibilities of some two-dimensionally layered Fe2+ salts

Abstract The low field magnetic field susceptibility of (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 FeCl 4 has been analyzed in terms of critical point behavior. The critical point exponents, γ and γ′, clearly indicate that the system approximates a two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet. The magnetic susceptibility of (C 6 H 5 CH 2 NH 3 ) 2 FeCl 4 is also reported.
Maximal abelian subalgebras of function algebras associated with free products

Let Γ be the free product of n groups each having order k. The characteristic function χ1 of the set of elements of length one in Γ generates subalgebras, called radial algebras, of the regular C∗- and von Neumann algebras of Γ. If n < k, a nonzero, nonradial element of Cr∗(Γ) which commutes with χ1 is demonstrated, while for n ⩾ k, any element of L2(Γ) which commutes with χ1 is radial. Hence the radial C∗- and von Neumann algebras are maximal abelian if and only n ⩾ k.
Enhancement of in vivo and in vitro immune functions by a conformationally biased, response-selective agonist of human C5a: implications for a novel adjuvant in vaccine design.

A conformationally biased, agonist of human C5a65–74 (EP67) was assessed for its adjuvant activities in vitro and in vivo. EP67 induced the release of the inflammatory (Th1) type cytokines from C5a receptor (CD88)-bearing antigen presenting cells (APC). EP67 did not induce the release of these cytokines from splenic APCs obtained from C5a receptor knockouts (CD88−/−). Serum from mice immunized with EP67–ovalbumin (OVA) contained high OVA-specific antibody (Ab) titers [IgG1, IgG2a (IGg2c), IgG2b]. Mice receiving OVA alone produced only IgG1 Abs, indicating the ability of EP67 to induce a Th1-like Ab class switch. Spleen cell cultures from wild type mice but not CD88−/− mice showed an enhanced OVA-specific proliferative response in vitro. These results indicate the ability of EP67 to drive a Th1-mediated immune response and its potential use as a unique adjuvant.
Joint Inversion of Surface And Borehole 4D Gravity Data For Continuous Characterization of Fluid Contact Movement

In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of jointly inverting 4D gravity data collected on the surface and in a borehole setting to characterize fluid contact movement over time. As technology rapidly advances towards a practical borehole gravity meter capable of collecting data in horizontal monitoring wells, the foundations for properly inverting and interpreting these valuable data must simultaneously be developed. We demonstrate that 4D gravity method may contribute to improved production efficiency and reservoir management in-between the more traditional, and expensive, 4D seismic surveys. In our presentation, simulations are performed using a representation of the published Jotun Field in the Norwegian North Sea, a well-studied site demonstrating successful application of time-lapse (4D) seismic method after early rise in water cut, and therefore decline in production. Results demonstrate that 4D gravity monitoring in-between seismic surveys may have predicted this early water-cut at this site, thus providing additional valuable information to better optimize reservoir management.
Randomized controlled trial of a brief problem-orientation intervention for suicidal ideation *

Abstract Empirical evaluations suggest that problem orientation, the initial reaction to problems, differentiates suicidal youth from nonchnical controls and nonideating psychiatric controls. One promising area for intervention with suicidal youth relates to enhancing this specific coping skill. Nonclinical participants (N = 110) with active suicidal ideation were randomly assigned to receive a brief problem-orientation intervention or a control procedure. The current study evaluated the benefits of a brief prevention intervention based on the Problem-Solving Therapy model. Exposure to a brief video intervention regarding problem solving and coping skills was sufficient to elicit significant decreases in suicidal ideation and depression, but the intervention did not elicit improvements in problem orientation or other problem-solving abilities. These findings provide preliminary support for a brief, video-based problem-solving and coping skills module. However, considerable work in developing secondary prevention interventions remains.
On the divergent growth of molecular fluctuations in classical shear flow

Abstract A two-point hydrodynamical equation governing the fluctuation evolution in classical shear flows is derived via the B-B-G-K-Y procedure and a double series moment expansion. The resulting equation has a close similarity to Orr-Sommerfeld's stability equation.
Ice-Templated Scaffolds with Microridged Pores Direct DRG Neurite Growth

Successful spinal cord repair is thought to be promoted with hierarchically structured scaffolds. These should combine aligned porosity with additional linear features on the micrometer scale to guide axons across multiple length scales. Such scaffolds are generated through the carefully controlled directional solidification of an aqueous biopolymer solution, followed by lyophilization. Under specific freezing conditions this yields a highly regular and aligned lamellar architecture. This architecture exhibits uniform ridges of controlled height and width on the lamellar surface. These ridges run parallel to the pore axis, serving as secondary guidance features. The ridges are capable of linearly aligning 62.4% of chick dorsal root ganglia neurites to within ±10° of the ridge direction. Notably, neurites sprouting perpendicular to the ridge are guided into alignment with these microridged features.
How to optimally manage unhappy, anxious, and difficult patients ☆

Patient satisfaction has been and is of growing importance in healthcare. Recent healthcare initiatives aim to provide physicians with performance feedback reports based partially on patient completed surveys; thus, patient satisfaction will be an even more important determinant of high quality care. In the field of dermatology, patient satisfaction is particularly relevant and at times difficult to achieve, since many patients are plagued with chronic skin diseases often requiring intensive topical regimens or undesirable systemic immunosuppressants. The discussion of patient satisfaction is usually restricted to encounters with the general clinic population leaving encounters with difficult patients largely underreported; therefore, we provide examples of more common difficult patient encounters a dermatologist may face with specific recommendations on how to best optimize patient satisfaction.
Radar prospection and cryoprobes—early results from Georgia

A combination of ground penetrating radar and cryogenic soil probe techniques has led to an interesting and non-invasive approach to the characterization of archaeological deposits. In Georgia (USA) this combined approach has been used on both prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. The cryoprobe technology is a variant of that developed in Germany and Switzerland. Our soil-freezing system is quite portable and provides non-compressed soil sections, which in turn aids in the calibration and interpretation of radar data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic management of operating-system resources

One of the attractive features of functional programming languages is that they provide automatic management of the store, in the form of garbage collection. However, the benefits of automatic resource management can be applied to other resources as well. Scsh, a systems-programming dialect of Scheme, provides automatic resource management for operating-systems structures, notably processes, I/O channels, and signal events. This kind of automatic management extends the benefits of garbage collection---modularity, robustness, simplicity, and clarity---to new sets of objects in programming, and also gives us hints as to how operating systems should be structured from the perspective of functional programming languages.
Towards a Cultural Understanding of the Disability and Deaf Experience: A Content Analysis of Introductory Multicultural Education Textbooks

This paper reports the findings of a simple normative content analysis of 11 multicultural education textbooks to determine the extent to which disability and deaf culture are represented. In addition, this study examines multicultural education textbooks to assess the extent to which perspectives of members of the disability and deaf communities are represented in the discourse about disabled and deaf persons. Results indicate that on average less than 1% of the total pages of text reviewed addressed or mentioned disability or deaf culture. Of these, it was found that on average about 6% of the pages addressed disability or deaf culture. In addition, inaccurate information was presented and perspectives were often not informed by a substantial body of literature that has emerged in the field of disability studies. It was found that multicultural education textbooks rely heavily on information about persons with disabilities from Special Education that may not be widely accepted by disabled or deaf person...
Synapse formation proceeds independently of dendritic elongation in cultured hippocampal neurons.

In central neurons, dendritic differentiation begins well after axonal elongation and is accompanied by the compartmentation of the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the somatodendritic domain. Whether MAP2 plays a role in the morphological and functional maturation of dendrites remains an open question and is the focus of this study. Cultured hippocampal neurons depleted of MAP2 by means of antisense oligonucleotides failed to elongate their dendrites. On the other hand, MAP2-depleted neurons were capable of receiving synapses within the same time course as their control counterparts. However, both the number of synapses per cell and the synaptic density were markedly reduced in neurons in which dendritic elongation has been impaired. Taken collectively, these results suggest that the expression of MAP2 is required for the morphological differentiation of dendrites. Dendritic elongation, however, is not a prerequisite for synapse formation in cultured hippocampal neurons. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 43: 121–131, 2000
An improved chi-squared test for a principal component

Abstract The expected value is computed for a statistic which is used to test that a specified unit vector is actually the first principal component vector. This suggests an adjusted statistic with a better chi-squared approximation.
Standardized Endpoint Definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Clinical Trials : A Consensus Report From the Valve Academic Research Consortium

Objectives To propose standardized consensus definitions for important clinical endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), investigations in an effort to improve the quality of clinical research and to enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. To make these consensus definitions accessible to all stakeholders in TAVI clinical research through a peer reviewed publication, on behalf of the public health. Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation may provide a worthwhile less invasive treatment in many patients with severe aortic stenosis and since its introduction to the medical community in 2002, there has been an explosive growth in procedures. The integration of TAVI into daily clinical practice should be guided by academic activities, which requires a harmonized and structured process for data collection, interpretation, and reporting during well-conducted clinical trials.
Possible Regulatory Roles of Cytokinins : NADH Oxidation by Peroxidase and a Copper Interaction.

Apparently free-base cytokinins can interact with cupric ions in a specific manner. Oxidation of NADH by a horseradish peroxidase system was strongly promoted by such cytokinins provided cupric ions were present. Oxidation was promoted by 5 micromolar kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), or 6-(Δ2-isopentenylamino)purine (2iP) but not by adenine, 6-methylaminopurine or 6,6-dimethylaminopurine. The 6-methylaminopurine promoted oxidation at 500 micromolar but adenine and 6,6-dimethylaminopurine did not. Activity of the free-base purines correlated well with their activity in cell-division assays. However, addition of methoxymethyl-, cyclohexyl-, or tetrahydropyranyl- at N-9 of BA or of ribosyl- at N-9 of BA, 2iP, kinetin, or zeatin eliminated activity in the peroxidase system. In a nonenzymic system containing cupric ions, all of the bases, including adenine, inhibited the Cu2+ -stimulated oxidation of ascorbic acid. As in the peroxidase system, the N-9 derivatives were inactive. The cytokinin promotion of NADH oxidation by peroxidase may result from an interaction of the hormones with copper, with peroxidase conferring a specificity similar to the cytokinin specificity observed in growth and development.
Phonon-mediated coupling between quantum dots through an off-resonant microcavity

We present experimental results showing phonon-mediated coupling between two quantum dots embedded inside a photonic-crystal microcavity. With only one of the dots being spectrally close to the cavity, we observe both frequency up-conversion and down-conversion of the pump light via a $\ensuremath{\sim}$1.2-THz phonon. We demonstrate this process for both weak and strong regimes of dot-cavity coupling and provide a simple theoretical model to qualitatively explain our observations.
Procedure for Assay of Tobramycin in Serum Containing Moxalactam

Moxalactam was examined as a substrate for 11 β-lactamases. Hydrolysis was shown only with the β-lactamase from Bacillus cereus , a nonpathogenic bacterium. Tobramycin was assayed in tobramycin-moxalactam mixtures by using this β-lactamase.
The effect of large‐scale power on simulated spectra of the Lyα forest

We explore the effects of size of the box that we use for simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift 2. We examine simulations from the hydrodynamic code enzo that differ only in box size. We study the cold dark matter (CDM) distribution and many statistics of the Lyα forest absorption from the IGM. Larger boxes have fewer pixels with significant absorption (flux <0.96), more pixels in longer stretches with little or no absorption, and they have wider Lyα lines. The larger boxes differ only because they include power from longer wavelength modes. These modes result in higher peak densities, higher velocities and hotter gas. Small simulations are too cold compared to larger ones. When we deliberately increase the heat we put into the IGM, we can approximate the Lyα forest in a simulation of twice the size. When we double the box size, the difference of most statistics from their value in our largest 76.8 Mpc box is reduced by approximately a factor of 2. When we enlarge the box from 38.4 to 76.8 Mpc, the mean Lyα absorption decreases 0.5 per cent, the frequency with which we encounter different common CDM densities changes by 2 per cent, typical Lyα linewidths, the frequency of flux values and the power spectrum of the flux all change by 4–7 per cent, and the column density distribution changes by up to 15 per cent. A 76.8 Mpc box is large enough to give errors of 1017 cm−2. Decreasing the cell size from 75 to 18.75 kpc makes the difference larger at log NH i < 14 cm−2, and does not help with the higher columns. The Lyα lines in the simulated spectra from a very large box with 18.75 kpc cells would be too wide by 2.6 km s−1. The simulated Lyα forest has 20 per cent too little power on small scales and 50 per cent too little large scales. A much larger box would increase the large-scale power only a few per cent. We confirm the Kim et al. (2007) and Bolton et al. (2008) finding that the simulated spectra also have different flux distributions than data. It is hard to see how our optically thin simulations using popular cosmological and astrophysical parameters can match the Lyα forest data at z= 2. Adding radiation transfer effects, especially shelf-shielding will reduce the temperature at high overdensities, possibly improving the match to linewidths, and it will help match the number of high column density lines. We could also decrease the linewidths with a softer ionizing spectrum, or by using σ8 > 0.9, which has the additional benefit of increasing the large-scale power.
The cyclophilin homolog ninaA is required in the secretory pathway

Summary In Drosophila, the major rhodopsin Rh1 is synthesized in endoplasmic reticuIum (ER)-bound ribosomes of the R1-R6 photoreceptor cells and is then transported to the rhabdomeres where it functions in phototransduction. Mutations in the cyclophilin homolog ninaA lead to a 90% reduction in Rhl opsin. Cyclophilins have been shown to be peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases and have been implicated in catalyzing protein folding. We now show that mutations in the ninaA gene severely inhibit opsin transport from the ER, leading to dramatic accumulations of ER cisternae in the photoreceptor cells. These results demonstrate that ninaA functions in the ER. Interestingly, ninaA and Rh1 also colocalize to secretory vesicles, suggesting that Rh1 may require ninaA as it travels through the distal compartments of the secretory pathway. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of cyclophilins in protein folding and intracellular protein traflicking.
Can modeling of the ancient past verify prediction of future climates? An editorial

Sur l'exemple de deux analyses des donnees paleoclimatiques: celle relative a l'optimum climatique (qui eut lieu il y a 5 a 9 millions d'annees) et celle relative a la periode de «Younger Dryas» (il y a 11000 ans), on montre comment l'association analyse-modelisation peut constituer un domaine prometteur de recherche future sur le climat
Stable Isotopes Resolve the Drift Paradox for Baetis Mayflies in an Arctic River

The colonization cycle hypothesis states that stream ecosystems would become depleted of insects if flying adults did not compensate for drifting immatures. Using long—term drift and benthic abundance data, we show that a Baetis mayfly nymph population moves downstream during development in the Kuparuk River in arctic Alaska. Baetis relative benthic abundance decreased from early to late season in an upstream unfertilized river section, while simultaneously increasing in the downstream fertilized section. Baetis nymphs drifted significantly more in the upstream unfertilized section, compared to the downstream fertilized section where food was more abundant. Approximately one—third to one—half of the nymph population drifted at least 2.1 km downstream during the arctic summer. A stable isotope tracer experiment and mathematical models show that about one—third to one—half of the adult Baetis population flew 1.6—1.9 km upstream from where they emerged. These results provide a quantitative test of the coloni...
Addition of carbenes derived from aryldiazoacetates to arenes using chloro(tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron as catalyst

Chloro(tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron, Fe(TPP)Cl, is an active catalyst for the Buchner addition of para-substituted methyl 2-phenyldiazoacetates, 1a–d, to substituted benzenes. Yields greater than 70% have been achieved at temperatures ranging from 60–100°C. Reactions of substituted methyl 2-phenyldiazoacetates with benzene gave rapidly equilibrating mixtures of norcaradienecycloheptatriene valence isomers, 2a–d/2′a–d, in yields over 70%. Treatment of chlorobenzene with methyl 2-phenyldiazoacetate produced a regio-isomeric mixture of 7-carbomethoxy-2-chloro-7-phenylnorcaradiene/7-carbomethoxy-2-chloro-7-phenylcycloheptatriene, 3a/3′a, and 7-carbomethoxy-3-chloro-7-phenylnorcaradiene/7-carbomethoxy-3-chloro-7-phenylcycloheptatriene, 4a/4′a. When p-methylanisole was treated with methyl 2-phenyldiazoacetate at 80°C, a product that largely favored a fused cyclopropane structure, 7-carbomethoxy-2-methoxy-5-methyl-7-phenylnorcaradiene, 12a, was obtained along with the benzylic C–H insertion product methyl 3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylpropionate, 13a. Heating the norcaradiene product 12a at 110°C yielded the ring-opened diarylacetate, 14a. The diene forms of the fluxional norcaradiene-cycloheptatriene systems were trapped with benzyne to give one stereoisomer of 3,3-disubstituted benzhomobarralenes, 18a–d. The norcaradiene-cycloheptatriene valence isomers were quantitatively converted into ring-opened diaryl acetate products upon acidification in acetonitrile. Rates for the addition of methyl (p-chlorophenyl)diazoacetate to benzene were first order with respect to the diazo reagent. A concerted mechanism involing an iron carbene complex is proposed for these iron porphyrin-catalyzed Buchner reactions.
Multi Purpose Video Depicts Dietetic Internship

Abstract Visualizing reality can inform, motivate, recruit, and orient varied audiences. We developed and produced a 15minute video to depict our developmentally accredited graduate dietetic internship 1) for The American Dietetic Association internship accreditation site visitors, 2) as an internal and external recruitment tool, 3) to inform undergraduate students, and 4) to help orient our graduate dietetic interns before they begin their internship. As our interns utilize six geographically scattered medical facilities as primary internship sites, we used the video to depict important features of all sites, including the major locations the accreditation team could not visit. As internship director I obtained a small grant to finance the project and was responsible for the overall design, implementation, and evaluation of the video. A dietetic intern and I wrote the script. Throughout the process the six hospital internship site directors, RDs on the Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) faculty, and the FCS Dietetics Advisory Council provided input. The University Radio-Television Center produced the video. After the script was approved, interns at each site were responsible for all filming arrangements, including locations, equipment, personnel (interns, hospital staff and volunteers), and securing signed releases. Coordinating those arrangements was valuable experience for the interns, and the script writing intern contributed insightful student perspectives and gained valuable preprofessional experience. I made arrangements at community sites, accompanied the photographer/producer to each site and assisted with coaching the narrator, final editing, music selection and credits. The ADA site visitors rated the video as "excellent," noting that it "helped [them] understand the overall internship and the different sites." The video was well received at the annual fall information/recruitment meeting for dietetics students. It was especially popular with the dietetic interns at the semiannual orientation seminar. They obviously enjoyed it throughout, applauding at the end. Although some students will see the video more than once, the impressions and information they gain will vary, depending on their stages of preprofessional development. The video is an effective multipurpose tool for varied audiences.
Ureaplasma urealyticum and large colony mycoplasma colonization in female children and its relationship to sexual contact, age, and race

In order to determine if Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) or large colony mycoplasma (LCM) colonization was related to a history of sexual abuse, the type of sexual contact, an enlarged vaginal introitus transverse diameter (greater than 4 mm), age or race, 452 female children, ages 1-12 years, were evaluated by the Child Sexual Abuse Team at Wake Medical Center in Raleigh, NC. Thirty-six girls were deleted because of inadequate cultures. When controlled for race and age, Uu throat (T), vaginal (V), and rectal (R) colonization and LCM vaginal and rectal colonization were not related to any of the other variables listed above. The enlarged vaginal introital diameter was related to a history of sexual abuse (p less than .001). Uu and LCM vaginal colonization rates were increased in black girls as compared to white girls (p less than .05). Uu V, Uu R, LCM V, and LCM R colonization increased with age. In our study population, Uu and LCM colonization was not a useful marker of sexual contact.
Enzyme induction and repression in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes.

Catabolic effects which exert control over the inducible synthesis of three enzymes in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes involve at least three different mechanisms: interference with inducer transport, severe catabolite repression, and transient repression. The rate of histidase induction by histidine is reduced by incubation of the cells with succinate or glucose. The maximum effect of succinate, 67% reduction in histidase production, occurs only after 100 min of incubation with succinate. At least 3h of incubation are required for the maximum effect of glucose (31% reduction in enzyme induction). Both succinate and glucose inhibit histidine transport. Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), at 10-7 M, slightly stimulates the induction of histidase in cultures both with or without succinate. No conditions were found in which cyclic AMP abolishes the effect of succinate. Induction of l-serine dehydratase by glycine is severely and permanently repressed by glucose and to a lesser extent by citrate. Glucose does not affect glycine uptake. Succinate, fumarate, and aspartate, which are all better substrates than glucose or citrate for growth of A. crystallopoietes, have no effect on l-serine dehydratase induction. Induction and repression of l-serine dehydratase are not affected by cyclic AMP. Synthesis of isocitrate lyase after addition of acetate is unaffected by glucose but is severely repressed by succinate or fumarate. Aspartate and glutamate cause a transient repression of enzyme synthesis after which synthesis proceeds at the control rate. The ability to transport acetate is inducible. Development of this capacity in the presence of acetate is not affected by succinate or glutamate. Cyclic AMP has no effect on enzyme production or repression. A. crystallopoietes takes up radioactive cyclic AMP and has at least one of the enzymes of cyclic AMP metabolism, adenyl cyclase.
Vibrational state-to-state resolution in the collisional relaxation of a highly vibrationally excited polyatomic: HCN

Abstract The measurement of vibrational state-to-state population transfer for a highly vibrationally excited polyatomic molecule (ϵ vib ≈9600 cm −1 ) is reported. This work combines direct overtone vibration excitation with LIF via and theA 1 A″ state of HCN to obtain the rate k =(2.4±0.3)×10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 for population transfer from (0, 0 0 , 3) to (3, 0 0 , 1). This channel accounts for 17% of the total depopulation of (0, 0 0 , 3) indicating that intramolecular V—V transfer is important in the self-relaxation of HCN. We show that resonance-enhanced relaxation can account for the high efficiency of this channel and demonstrate that long-range dipole—dipole interactions can lead to enhanced relaxation between mixed states when coupled by Fermi resonance.
Asymptotic normality of linear combinations of functions of order statistics in the non-I.I.D. case

Abstract Asymptotic normality in the non-i.i.d. case is established for linear combinations of functions of order statistics of general type. The scores generating function is allowed to have a finite number of discontinuities of the first kind and to grow to infinity near 0 and 1. This requires a compensation in the form of certain conditions on the underlying distribution functions. An extension to the multivariate case is included. The proof relies entirely on properties of empirical distribution functions in the non-i.i.d. case and is patterned on the 1958 Chernoff-Savage method.
Impact of the Ongoing Amazonian Deforestation on Local Precipitation: A GCM Simulation Study

Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to delineate the influence of in situ deforestation data on episodic rainfall by comparing two ensembles of five 5-day integrations performed with a recent version of the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres General Circulation Model (GCM) that has a simple biosphere model (SiB). The first set, called control cases, used the standard SiB vegetation cover (comprising 12 biomes) and assumed a fully forested Amazonia, while the second set, called deforestation cases, distinguished the partially deforested regions of Amazonia as savanna. Except for this difference, all other initial and prescribed boundary conditions were kept identical in both sets of integrations. The differential analyses of these five cases show the following local effects of deforestation. (1) A discernible decrease in evapotranspiration of about 0.80 mm/d (roughly 18%) that is quite robust in the averages for 1-, 2-, and 5-day forecasts. (2) A decrease in precipitation of about 1.18 mm/d (roughly 8%) that begins to emerge even in 1-2 day averages and exhibits complex evolution that extends downstream with the winds. (3) A significant decrease in the surface drag force (as a consequence of reduced surface roughness of deforested regions) that, in turn, affects the dynamical structure of moisture convergence and circulation. The surface winds increase significantly during the first day, and thereafter the increase is well maintained even in the 2- and 5-day averages.