cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing Multilevel Research Design Capturing the Dynamics of Emergence

Multilevel theory and research have advanced organizational science but are limited because the research focus is incomplete. Most quantitative research examines top-down, contextual, cross-level relationships. Emergent phenomena that manifest from the bottom up from the psychological characteristics, processes, and interactions among individuals—although examined qualitatively—have been largely neglected in quantitative research. Emergence is theoretically assumed, examined indirectly, and treated as an inference regarding the construct validity of higher level measures. As a result, quantitative researchers are investigating only one fundamental process of multilevel theory and organizational systems. This article advances more direct, dynamic, and temporally sensitive quantitative research methods designed to unpack emergence as a process. We argue that direct quantitative approaches, largely represented by computational modeling or agent-based simulation, have much to offer with respect to illuminatin...
Distance-Dependent Triplet Energy Transfer between CdSe Nanocrystals and Surface Bound Anthracene

We investigate triplet energy transfer (TET) across variable-length aromatic oligo-p-phenylene and aliphatic bridges in a covalently linked CdSe nanocrystal (NC)–bridge–anthracene hybrid system. Photon upconversion measurements in saturated 9,10-diphenylanthracene hexane solutions under air-free conditions at room temperature provided the steady-state rate of TET (ket) across this interface. For flexible transmitters, ket is similar for different lengths of aliphatic bridges, suggesting that the ligands bend backward. For the rigid phenylene spacer, triplet sensitization of anthracene transmitter molecules by CdSe NCs shows a strong distance dependence, with a Dexter damping coefficient of 0.43 ± 0.07 A–1. The anthracene transmitter bound closest to the NC surface gave the highest quantum yield of 14.3% for the conversion of green to violet light, the current record for a hybrid platform.
Application of numerical test in teaching material mechanics

Based on the basic characteristics of the material mechanics course,the actual situation during the teaching process,and the relationship between education and scientific research,we applied the achievements of scientific research in teaching to help students to understand the elementary knowledge,foster their creativity,develope their basic research capacity,and expand their thinking extension and depth.We took a part of composites materials content as a case study,introduced numerical test method in it,built a numerical model,and combined the numerical test results with the classroom teaching to improve the teaching efficiency.
Site-Specific Fluorescent Probe Labeling of Mitochondrial Membrane Proteins

The complexity of biological membranes presents technical challenges for the analysis of membrane protein biogenesis and function. Here we describe an in vitro fluorescence-based experimental approach for studying the high-resolution structural features of membrane proteins within isolated mitochondria. By this strategy, membrane proteins are cotranslationally labeled with a fluorescent probe at a specific site by the inclusion of aminoacyl tRNA analogs in a cell-free translation system. Labeled proteins are then targeted to the correct subcompartment within active mitochondria by the endogenous import machinery. For each site-specifically labeled protein, a series of rigorous controls must be conducted to ensure the proper membrane integration, topology, and assembly of each labeled sample. The assays described herein serve as the basis for more sophisticated analyses by which multiple fluorescence-based measurements can render detailed information on the topology, microenvironment, and dynamic conformational changes as they occur in real time.
Public reason and political conflict: abortion and homosexuality.

Is it possible for people who sharply disagree about important questions of morality, including those pertaining to abortion and homosexuality, to constitute a stable political society whose basic constitutional principles can be affirmed as just by all reasonable parties? This question is not about the possibility of political compromise; rather, it concerns the possibility of a certain type of moral agreement. This type of moral agreement is not agreement about whether abortion or homosexual conduct, for example, are right or wrong. Instead, it is agreement about basic principles of justice for a society composed of people who disagree about such issues. One possibility is for people who disagree about the morality of particular acts or practices to agree upon fair procedures for the political resolution of moral disagreements. For example, people who disagree about the morality of abortion might, as a constitutional matter, agree upon democratic procedures for setting public policy on abortion. However, people of strong and settled conviction on either side of the debate over abortion cannot reasonably be satisfied ofthe justice ofthe fundamental law of their country simply because the procedures used to arrive at a resolution were democratic. From the pro-life point of view, any regime of law (including one whose pedigree is impeccably democratic) that deprives unborn human beings of their right to legal protection against homicide is gravely unjust.1 Similarly, from the pro-choice viewpoint, restrictions on a woman's right to abortion are seriously unjust even if they were put in place by democratic procedures. From either perspective, the question of abortion is viewed as a matter of fundamental justice whose proper resolution is essential to the full moral legitimacy of the constitutional order. In this respect, the social conflict over abortion closely resembles the conflict over slavery. Of course, pro-life and pro-choice advocates may, for
Preparation of spiked soils by vapor fortification for volatile organic compounds analysis

This paper describes a vapor fortification method for preparing quality assurance/quality control soils for volatile organic compound analysis. Treatment of soils with volatile organic compounds occurs in a closed container in a manner somewhat analogous to the way the vadose zone often becomes contaminated. One advantage of this method for preparing soils for quality assurance/quality control purposes is that the efficiency of various extraction methods can be reliably compared. Furthermore, by substantially reducing the error due to sample inhomogeneity, the error associated with the determinative step can also be properly evaluated. 15 refs., 3 tabs.
A Practical Approach to Public Sector Reform: Following the Dollar in Reforming Road Maintenance

type="main" xml:id="dpr12171-abs-0001"> This article presents a new approach to designing public sector reform programmes, which we call a capacity map (CM). This approach focuses on the flow of public funds from the point of ‘extraction’ through to their ‘disbursement’, with specific attention to ‘leakages’ in that overall system. The CM is a modest attempt to provide development partners and their partner governments with a relatively simple, but effective, tool that complements other oft-used tools in the programme design process. To elucidate the CM approach, development partner attempts to support the establishment, or reform of, road maintenance regimes are focused on. The CM unpacks the process of road maintenance to identify leakages in the overall road maintenance system, thus enabling development partners to focus on institutional root causes beyond a singular focus on insufficient funds. It is contended that this tool enables the programme designer to develop focused interventions, whether in roads or other infrastructure projects, that move beyond ‘quick fixes’ that may avoid the difficult questions and hard choices that need to be made for sustainable institutional and policy reform.
Single trial prediction of normal and excessive cognitive load through EEG feature fusion

Detection of subtle changes in cognitive states (e.g., cognitive overload) or epistemic state of mind remains a challenge. As they typically lack visible expressions, indirect methods like analysis of facial expressions are ineffective at best. Towards solving such problem, we present a statistical approach to predict cognitive load from single trial electrophysiological recordings of brain activity (i.e., EEG). We evaluated the utility of two commonly used sets of features, namely, wavelet entropy and band-specific power (theta, alpha, and beta) to predict levels of cognitive load. We show that performance of the model (i.e., support vector machine) could be improved by feature fusion (such as wavelet entropy and spectral power features together) and also integrating nonlinear representations learned through deep belief networks. Our results demonstrate predictions of cognitive load across four different levels with an overall accuracy of 92% during execution of a memory task.
Assessing the Writing Levels of Malaysian Armed Forces Officers Based on the ADFELPS Writing Scale

The Australian Defence Force English Language Profiling System (ADFELPS) is an English language proficiency rating system used to assess the English language skills of Malaysian candidates and to describe the levels of English required for target courses conducted by the Australian Defence Forces (ADF) and the New Zealand Defence Forces (NZDF). It covers all the four language skills i.e. Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking and it is graded from Level 1 to a maximum of Level 9 which is a native speaker’s proficiency. Currently, Malaysian officers have some difficulty getting a Level 7 and above for the ADFELPS Writing Scale. Although there are some officers who are at Level 7 or Level 8 at the other language skills, they have difficulty going from Level 6 to Level 7 for the Writing skill. An English language writing workshop was held at the Armed Forces Library over three days to improve the writing skills of Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) Officers. The main aim of this course was to improve the writing skills for MAF officers especially for officers who are going for overseas courses where the minimum ADFELPS level is a Level 6. The course covered grammar, coherent and cohesive writing, analyzing a typical five paragraph essay, culminating in the students being given two essays and being graded at ADFELPS writing scales. The results show that there has been a deterioration of writing skills of MAF officers and some of the problems related to writing will be discussed in this paper.
Comment on: ‘Blood does not buy goodwill: allowing culling increases poaching of a large carnivore’

Chapron & Treves [[1][1]] present a framework for examining effects of wolf culling policies on wolf population growth rate. They develop a population growth model that estimates an effect of the amount of time per year legal culling is allowed (‘policy effect’) on wolf population growth rates,
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Beyond One Year in Patients After Stent Placement: A Review.

Purpose:To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of the continued use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 12 months after stent placement in patients following an acute coronary syn...
Auricular Composite Grafting in Functional Rhinoplasty.

Surgical correction of defects of the internal nasal valve, ala, vestibule, and sill is widely regarded as a challenge due to concerns of poor outcomes of facial aesthetics and nasal function. Auricular composite grafting is a reliable method of reconstruction of deformities of the nasal vestibule and sill. A classification system of types of defects may help surgeons in understanding the indications for composite grafting. Furthermore, we have developed surgical techniques that enhance survival of composite grafts of larger size. Composite grafting is an effective technique to repair a wide range of defects of the internal nasal valve, nasal sill/ala, and vestibule with excellent functional and aesthetic results.
Cardiovascular comorbidities of pediatric psoriasis among hospitalized children in the United States.

Background Psoriasis has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adults. Little is known about cardiovascular risk in pediatric psoriasis. Objective To determine if there is an association between pediatric psoriasis and cardiovascular comorbidities. Methods Data were analyzed from the 2002-2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which included 4,884,448 hospitalized children aged 0-17 years. Bivariate and multivariate survey logistic regression models were created to calculate the odds of psoriasis on cardiovascular comorbidities. Results In multivariate survey logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, pediatric psoriasis was significantly associated with 5 of 10 cardiovascular comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), including obesity (3.15 [2.46-4.05]), hypertension (2.63 [1.93-3.59]), diabetes (2.90 [1.90-4.42]), arrhythmia (1.39 [1.02-1.88]), and valvular heart disease (1.90 [1.07-3.37]). The highest odds of cardiovascular risk factors occurred in blacks and Hispanics and children ages 0-9 years, but there were no sex differences. Limitations The study was limited to hospitalized children. We were unable to assess the impact of psoriasis treatment or family history on cardiovascular risk. Conclusion Pediatric psoriasis is associated with higher odds of multiple cardiovascular comorbidities among hospitalized patients. Strategies for mitigating excess cardiovascular risk in pediatric psoriasis need to be determined.
The Case for Engaging, Quality Distance Education

Education is important for the success of individuals and societies. It seems obvious to say this. But there is currently a book published in the United States entitled The Case Against Education. ...
Schematic Portrayal: Parents’ Cognitive Styles and Children's Developmental Health:

While Christian parents are instructed to “train up a child in the way he should go” (Proverbs 22:6), many parents do not realize that some of the most important aspects of learning in children are taught by parents inadvertently. This learning includes the expression and labeling of emotions, and the assignment of personal values. Parents tacitly model for children a complex schemata of ego defenses (cognitive styles), applied values, and experiential labels. Although several theoretical schools (e.g. learning theory, psychodynamic theory, and systems theory) have terminology describing this phenomenon, Piaget's concepts of “schemata,” “assimilation,” “accommodation,” and “cognitive growth” best integrate the processes involved because as used in his system they describe qualitative changes in mentation. Parents have need to develop a greater awareness of the powerful influences that modeling, or “schematic portrayal” as it is referred to in this article, has on their children. In addition there is need ...
Lie Transformation Groups and Differential Operators

Since the theory of the Radon transform and its variations becomes much richer in the context of manifolds and Lie groups we give here a short selfcontained account of the relevant background in the theory of Lie transformation groups. More details can be found in [DS], [GGA], but this should not be needed.
Human retroviruses and demyelinating diseases.

The spectrum of neurologic disease associated with HTLV and HIV pathogenic retroviruses is expansive, and the clinical presentations may mimic other disease entities. In some cases, retroviral- associated encephalomyelitis may resemble multiple sclerosis, although there is little evidence to support a retroviral cause in clinical multiple sclerosis. Retroviruses subvert normal physiology directly, by viral antigen-induced toxic or immune-mediated responses, or via their capacity to induce host cellular gene expression by retroviral-mediated transactivation.
Issue Linkage and the Prospects for SDGs’ Contribution to Sustainability

This chapter reviews the dynamics by which policy agendas are assembled at the international level, and then assesses the prospects for creating a meaningful set of Sustainable Development Goals at the United Nations.
Osmotic regulation of prolactin secretion in the fetal sheep

The functions of prolactin in the fetus remain speculative. No obvious physiological role has been found for the prolactin present in the fetal or maternal plasma and amniotic fluid compartments. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in fetal plasma prolactin following intracerebroventricular (i.c.r.) administration to the fetus of artificial cerebrospinal fluid of different tonicities. A lateral ventricle catheter was placed in 11 fetuses at 107-128 days of gestation. Either isotonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid (300 mOsm.1(-1);n = 9), 15% polyethylene glycol (340 mOsm.1(-1);n = 5), or 7% distilled water in isotonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid (270 mOsm.1(-1);n = 9) was infused i.c.v. at 35 mu1.min-1 for 240 min. At 180 min thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered through a fetal a fetal jugular catheter. Fetal carotid arterial blood gases, plasma osmolality and concentrations of prolactin, vasopressin (AVP), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. Administration of hypotonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid produced an increase in fetal plasma prolactin from 46.6 +/- 36 ng.ml-1 at 0 min to 83.3 +/- 49 ng.ml-1 at 180 min (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.05). No changes in either AVP or NE were observed. Administration of hypertonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid produced a decrease in plasma prolactin from 85 +/- 57 at time 0 to 49 +/- 35 at 180 min (P less than 0.05). No changes in either AVP or NE were observed. Fetal plasma prolactin, AVP, and NE did not change during control infusion of isotonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Innovations in the Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Intestinal resections in Crohn’s disease should remove the gross margins of ­disease with a 2-cm margin of normal bowel; extended resection of microscopic disease does not affect recurrence rate. Bowel-sparing strictureplasties are important advances in the surgical management of small bowel Crohn’s disease, particularly in patients requiring resection of multiple segments or in preventing short bowel syndrome. A laparoscopic approach to certain surgeries may speed the recovery and lessen complications in IBD patients. The potential advantages of laparoscopic IBD surgery are not sufficient to warrant a strategy of earlier surgical intervention. Multiple factors determine the choice of surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis, including patient frailty, continence, and procedure-related expertise and complications. The presence of colon cancer or dysplasia in a patient with ulcerative colitis may impact the choice of surgical technique and increase the need for endoscopic surveillance of the ileoanal pouch.
Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides exceptional soft tissue contrast and is capable of generating quantitative maps to demonstrate blood flow, water diffusion, temperature distribution, and tissue relaxation properties. MRI also has widely known drawbacks such as high cost and long acquisition times
Biological Rationale of Interstitial Thermoradiotherapy

The biological rationale of interstitial thermoradiotherapy is based on the complementary actions of hyperthermia and radiation when combined for cancer therapy. As will be reviewed in following chapters, there is significant in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest interstitial heat and radiation have synergistic interactions. Optimal clinical application of interstitial thermoradiotherapy depends on the essential biological interactions, the physics, and the practical implementation of interstitial thermoradiotherapy. To date, clinical studies using hyperthermia and radiation have yielded mixed results. This is related to variation between studies with regard to doses, timing of treatments, and technical differences. Defining consistent thermal dosimetry and uniform clinical end-points has also complicated results.
Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Receipt of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) treatments have been on the rise among white women with early stage unilateral breast cancer who have a higher socioeconomic status (SES) and...
Unsupervised Image Manipulation Localization With Non-Binary Label Attribution

Existing forensic techniques for image manipulation localization crucially assume that probe pixels belong to one of exactly two classes, genuine or manipulated. This letter argues that this convention fuels mis-labeling particularly in unsupervised settings, where singular but genuine content or the presence of multiple distinct manipulations may easily induce non-optimal partitions of the feature space. We propose to relax constraints via a greedy $n$ -ary clustering approach, which we instantiate exemplarily in the popular pixel descriptor space of residual co-occurrences. Experimental results on widely used public benchmark datasets highlight the benefits of our approach.
Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Motion

The baseball pitch is one of the fastest recorded human movements, with each pitch placing stresses on the upper extremity that approach the biological limits of human tissue. There are several mechanical factors associated with increased arm stress and pitching-related arm injury. Interestingly, as pitch velocity has increased in the professional ranks, so has pitching-related injuries. As such, optimizing pitching mechanics that limit arm stress is one strategy to decrease injury risk. Given that most sports clinicians are caring for injured athletes, it is important to familiarize themselves with appropriate mechanics and be able to identify common mechanical tendencies associated with injury or increased stress on the shoulder and elbow. This chapter will briefly review the “average” or normal mechanics and then contrast with pitching mechanics associated with injury or increased arm stress. These mechanics will then be linked to common impairments; the clinician might consider evaluating to optimize pitching mechanics.
Environmental History in the JIH, 1970–2020

Over the last five decades since the first Earth Day, the JIH and environmental history, one newborn and the other already well established, have evolved within the broader context of climate chang...
Emerging Roles for Lymphatics in Chronic Liver Disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global health epidemic causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. As the incidence of CLD is expected to rise over the next decade, understanding the cellular and molecular mediators of CLD is critical for developing novel therapeutics. Common characteristics of CLD include steatosis, inflammation, and cholesterol accumulation in the liver. While the lymphatic system in the liver has largely been overlooked, the liver lymphatics, as in other organs, are thought to play a critical role in maintaining normal hepatic function by assisting in the removal of protein, cholesterol, and immune infiltrate. Lymphatic growth, permeability, and/or hyperplasia in non-liver organs has been demonstrated to be caused by obesity or hypercholesterolemia in humans and animal models. While it is still unclear if changes in permeability occur in liver lymphatics, the lymphatics do expand in number and size in all disease etiologies tested. This is consistent with the lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) upregulating proliferation specific genes, however, other transcriptional changes occur in liver LECs that are dependent on the inflammatory mediators that are specific to the disease etiology. Whether these changes induce lymphatic dysfunction or if they impact liver function has yet to be directly addressed. Here, we will review what is known about liver lymphatics in health and disease, what can be learned from recent work on the influence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia on the lymphatics in other organs, changes that occur in LECs in the liver during disease and outstanding questions in the field.
Collaborative Ethnographic Assessment: An Anthropological Rubric for a Community Ecosystem: An Anthropological Rubric for a Community Ecosystem

The ethnographic team of a community-based engineering project in South Bend, Indiana, continues to create modes of anthropological assessment while conducting collaborative research. The Bowman Creek Educational Ecosystem (BCe2) is a National Science Foundation-funded project designed to restore and enhance a vital but polluted St. Joseph River tributary by linking the efforts of local community groups, schools, and universities in a revitalizing small city. This paper describes the impetus and creation of an ethnographic rubric for assessing community-based anthropological research towards potential replication in future collaborations. Based on a modification of Rapid Ethnographic Assessment (REA), used widely in environmental, medical, military, and other research applications, this paper offers an REA modification called Collaborative Ethnographic Assessment (CEA).
Quantum entanglement and thermal behavior in charged-current weak interactions

Abstract We show that quantum entanglement between causally separated regions of a nucleon in antineutrino-nucleon scattering manifests itself as a thermal component in the resulting pion momentum distribution. For antineutrino scattering coherently from the (carbon) nucleus as a whole, this thermal component is absent, as expected by our quantum entanglement thermalization proposition. These phenomena, which have been observed in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, and in electromagnetic deep inelastic scattering, are now for the first time shown to exist in electroweak interactions as well.
From compromise to counter-insurgency: Variations in the racial politics of community policing in Montreal

Abstract Community policing is a varying operation. Recent scholarship has attempted to grapple with this variation by examining differences in the way community policing operates across space (e.g., from neighbourhood to neighbourhood), but has problematically overlooked the issue of variation over time. Aiming to analyze both geographical and historical variation, this article examines community policing in the city of Montreal between 1978 and 1994. In this period, I argue, community policing embodied at least three distinct logics, each of which were linked to variations in the racial politics of the city: (1) a logic of collaboration, (2) a logic of compromise, and (3) a logic of counter-insurgency. These three logics, emerging at specific points in time, were also specific in their geography. Documenting geographical and historical variations in community policing, I conclude, can help to link diverse forms of policing to the differentiated socio-spatial hierarchies that shape it and better contribute to the making of what Gilmore (2017) “abolition geographies.”
Mechanical suppression of premature ventricular complexes during catheter ablation procedures.

Abstract Introduction Mechanical suppression of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) is not a well-known observation. We retrospectively reviewed this phenomenon in the Ventricular Arrhythmia (VA) ablation procedures performed at Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Health Administration (VHA) center. Methods Data from 40 consecutive patients who underwent VA ablation at VHA, Indianapolis, IN, with 44 VA was included in the study. Demographic and electrophysiological parameter data was collected. Results Overall the mean age of the population was 64 ± 11 years. The phenomenon of mechanical suppression was seen in 11 PVCs. The mean age was 59 ± 15 years in the group in which mechanical suppression was seen. Of the 11 cases, the site of earliest activation was seen in the coronary sinus in 8 and in the pulmonary artery in 3. In one case catheter ablation was not performed because of proximity to the left coronary artery system. However, sustained pressure at the site with earliest electrograms (−35 ms) and 95% pacematch resulted in long-term suppression of PVCs. In the cases in which mechanical suppression was seen, there was a statistically significant reduction in PVC burden compared to pre ablation PVC load (1.1% ± 1.50% (post ablation) versus 24.04% ± 13.07% (pre ablation) versus p In all the 11 cases the site of mechanical suppression was also the site with earliest electrograms. Conclusion This case series illustrates phenomenon of mechanical suppression of PVCs as an indication for good site for successful ablation in unique veteran patient population.
A Meta-Analysis of Critical Causes of Project Delay Using Spearman's Rank and Relative Importance Index Integrated Approach

This meta-analysis has examined the past ten years’ studies concerning the causes of construction project delay. It aims to update the subject area and investigate critical causes of project delay ...
Pectoralis Minor Syndrome

In addition to the supraclavicular scalene triangle, brachial plexus compression in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) may occur underneath the pectoralis minor muscle tendon at the level of the infraclavicular subcoracoid space. Nerve compression in the subcoracoid space can make a substantial contribution to symptoms in neurogenic TOS and untreated pectoralis minor compression may be an important factor in persistent or recurrent symptoms following operations for neurogenic TOS. Patients with neurogenic TOS may also have brachial plexus compression solely at the level of the pectoralis minor muscle, which can result in atypical chest pain. In patients properly selected based on physical examination, inclusion of pectoralis minor tenotomy provides a minimally-invasive surgical adjunct associated with low risk and a high likelihood of clinical success. Recognition and treatment of pectoralis minor syndrome has therefore become of increasing importance in the management of patients with neurogenic TOS.
Haworth, Kevin. The Comics of Rutu Modan: War, Love, and Secrets. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2019.

Review of Haworth, Kevin. The Comics of Rutu Modan: War, Love, and Secrets. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2019.
Use of Organolithium and Organomagnesium Reagents in Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis

Reactive organometallics of lithium and magnesium are common intermediates in standard organic synthesis. As well, these reagents have been applied early and frequently in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals particularly in their labeling with short lived positron emitting isotopes. Reagents consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl carbanions, α-amino-carbanions, anions of α-nitroalkanes, isocyanates, isonitriles and thioketals are among the useful. Reaction of these organometallics with eager or reluctant electrophiles such as CO2, CH3I, CO, F2, AcOF, RfOF, FCl03, etc. provide a diverse battery of synthetic approaches for the radiopharmaceutical chemist.
Unemployment and the Black Family: A Pastoral Theological Reflection

Abstract ‘Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains’ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social ContractAn experience of unemployment can prove devastating for individuals and families, particularly in the African American community. As such, the issue of unemployment must remain an important concern for pastoral care practitioners and theologians, as well as other caring professionals. Hence, this essay critically explores the experience of unemployment in the context of an African American family. It uses clinical case material as a basis to draw attention to a range of sociological, psychological, and theological dynamics at play in this context. Ultimately, this systemic and interdisciplinary analysis is drawn upon to offer pastoral care guidelines for this demographic of care seekers. These caring guidelines are rooted in the pastoral functions of healing and sustaining, and grounded in the narrative theory concepts of agency and empowerment.
Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in Escherichia coli.

The concentration of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (c-AMP) in Escherichia coli growing on different sources of carbon was studied. Cultures utilizing a source of carbon that supported growth relatively poorly had consistently higher concentrations of c-AMP than did cultures utilizing sugars that supported rapid growth. This relationship was also observed in strains defective in c-AMP phosphodiesterase and simultaneously resistant to catabolite repression; in such strains the c-AMP concentration was slightly higher for several sources of carbon tested. Cultures continued to synthesize c-AMP and secreted it into the medium, under conditions that brought about an inhibition of the intracellular accumulation of the cyclic nucleotide. Transient repression of the synthesis of β-galactosidase was not associated with an abrupt decrease in the cellular concentration of c-AMP.
THE MORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GRATITUDE IN KANT'S ETHICS

In this essay, we examine the grounds, nature and content, status, acquisition and role, and justification of gratitude in Kant's ethical system, making use of student notes from Kant's lectures on ethics. We are especially interested in questions about the significance of gratitude in Kant's ethics. We examine Kant's claim that gratitude is a sacred duty, because it cannot be discharged, and explain how this claim is consistent with his insistence that “ought” implies “can.” We argue that for Kant a proper understanding of self-esteem is importantly related to, if not necessary for, possession of the virtue of gratitude.
ICANN Looks at DNS Policy

One of the more interesting facets of the Internet is that no one person, corporation, government, or group runs it as a whole. Different organizations have responsibility for setting and managing technical standards, Internet architecture, and the domain name system. And of course, the Internet’s information resources are provided by thousands of unique content suppliers. The absence of a single entity has not seemed to limit the Internet - as shown by its phenomenal growth over the last 10 years. However, legal and policy questions, along with questions about the future of the Internet, are often challenged by the Internet’s fluid governance structure. ICANN, the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers, is one of the larger and more formal operations involved in Internet governance. It was created in 1998 to provide central coordination of much of the Internet’s domain name system (DNS), including accrediting of DNS registrars, and determining top level domains.
Reclaiming the Rural: Essays on Literacy, Rhetoric, and Pedagogy, Kim Donehower, Charlotte Hogg, and Eileen E. Schell, eds.

I was raised beneath the Big Sky, and my students are, almost exclusively, the children of loggers and miners, laborers and low-level managers—students, many both attending school and working fullt...
Patterns of collateral formation in basilar artery steno-occlusive diseases.

Background: Augmentation of collateral flow is proposed as a method to reduce ischemic injury in the posterior circulation. However, collateral formation in basilar artery stenosis (BAS) and basilar artery occlusion (BAO) has not been studied thoroughly. Methods: We identified 24 consecutive patients admitted over a 4-year period with angiographically demonstrated BAS of more than 50% or occlusion. Angiographic images were reviewed for pattern of collaterals by a blinded reviewer. A new grading system by Qureshi [ 1 ] (Qureshi AI (2012) J Neuroimaging in press) was utilized for grading. Grades I and II had retrograde filling of the basilar artery through PCA with or without filling of the superior cerebellar artery, respectively. Grades III and IV were bilateral or unilateral anastomoses of cerebellar arteries or PCAs, respectively. Risk factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicities, co-morbidities, NIHSS sore on admission and discharge, tPA administration, in-hospital complications, and discharge status measured by the modified Rankin score were ascertained. Results The collaterals were categorized as: Grade I A ( n = 8), Grade IIIA ( n = 5), and none ( n = 11). No patient had Grade II collaterals. Grade IA collaterals were more frequent in patients with BAO than those with BAS. The rate of good outcomes (mRS 0–2) at discharge was significantly higher among patients with IA collaterals compared with patients with grade IIIA collaterals (62% vs. 20%). The rate of good outcomes was 54% of patients without collaterals.
Review of Laser-Driven Photonic Structure-Based Particle Acceleration

It has been proposed in recent years that laser-powered photonic microstructures made of dielectrics and semiconductors can be used as guiding or confining mechanisms for electromagnetic modes to efficiently accelerate charged particles. Due to the high damage fluences of key materials at optical wavelengths, the accelerating fields can be of orders of magnitude larger than conventional accelerators. We review the history of this concept from seminal work to recent encouraging demonstration experiments.
Endobronchial Valves in the Treatment of Persistent Air Leaks

Background Endobronchial valves (EBVs) are a useful adjunct in the management algorithm of patients with persistent pulmonary air leaks. They are increasingly used in the management of postsurgical parenchymal air leaks and carry a humanitarian use device exemption for this purpose. We report our experience with EBVs in the management of patients with bronchopleural fistula secondary to postsurgical intervention and spontaneous pneumothorax from medical comorbidities. Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was conducted of our single-center EBV experience. Patients were categorized as postsurgical versus medical. Data collected included demographic characteristics, indication for and number of valves placed, and chest tube duration before and after valve placement to evaluate overall resolution of air leak. Success was defined as resolution of air leak. Results A total of 14 valve placement procedures were performed. Mean age was 60 years and 10 patients were men. Eight represented prolonged leaks secondary to postsurgical complications and six were secondary to medical comorbidities. Indications for placement of valves in medical patients included persistent leak secondary to lung biopsy, ruptured bleb disease, and pneumothorax after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Postsurgical indications included leaks secondary to lung biopsy, lobectomy, and ruptured bleb disease. A median of two valves were placed per procedure. A postprocedure median length of stay of 14.5 days was observed in the surgical group compared with 15 days in the medical group. Overall success rate was 57% (surgical group, 62.5%; medical group, 50%). Conclusions EBVs are a useful adjunct in the management of persistent pulmonary air leaks, particularly when conventional interventions are contraindicated or not ideal. EBVs are well tolerated in the critically ill, have few known complications, are removable, and do not preclude future surgical intervention. Future studies should evaluate EBV efficacy versus the natural course of persistent pulmonary air leaks and their impact on cost and length of stay.
Ranking top economics and finance journals using Microsoft academic search versus Google scholar: How does the new publish or perish option compare?

Recently, Harzing's Publish or Perish software was updated to include Microsoft Academic Search as a second citation database search option for computing various citation-based metrics. This article explores the new search option by scoring 50 top economics and finance journals and comparing them with the results obtained using the original Google Scholar-based search option. The new database delivers significantly smaller scores for all metrics, but the rank correlations across the two databases for the h-index, g-index, AWCR, and e-index are significantly correlated, especially when the time frame is restricted to more recent years. Comparisons are also made to the Article Influence score from eigenfactor.org and to the RePEc h-index, both of which adjust for journal-level self-citations.
Persistent spatial maze-learning deficits in hippocampal-lesioned rats across a 7-week postoperative period

Rats with bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesions were tested on a series of three Rabinovitch-Rosvold maze patterns at either 1 week (Days 6, 7, and 8) or 7 weeks (Days 48, 49, and 50) following surgery. All rats in both groups were significantly impaired in the acquisition of these complex spatial maze patterns, regardless of the postoperative delay prior to testing. This lack of improvement stands in sharp contrast to earlier findings from our laboratory, in which it was determined that the decrease in levels of spontaneous alternation and the alterations in open-field activity produced by hippocampal lesions did return to normal levels within 6 weeks following surgery. The present results indicate that spatial maze learning may be classified as a persistent (although perhaps not permanent) deficit produced by hippocampal damage.
Intermittency in the Ginzburg-Landau theory☆

Abstract An earlier investigation of the properties of multiplicity fluctuations in the Ginzburg-Landau theory of second-order phase transition is extended to include the kinetic term. A scaling law is found to be well satisfied with very weak dependence on the coefficients of the GL potential. The exponent ν is found to be 1.316± .012, which is a universal characterization of the phase transition process.
Prospective Evaluation of the Utility of Molecular Techniques for Diagnosing Nosocomial Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Objective To compare molecular techniques with conventional diagnostic methods for evaluating nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Design We conducted a 12-week postexposure inception cohort study of health-care personnel who had been exposed to a patient with MDR-TB. Material and Methods In addition to baseline and follow-up tuberculin skin tests and chest roentgenography, weekly pulmonary specimens were evaluated by (1) auramine-rhodamine fluorescent staining, (2) culture for mycobacteria, and (3) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify IS6110, a nucleic acid insertion sequence unique to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Results The index patient's isolate of M. tuberculosis showed a mutation in codon 531 of the RNA polymerase beta subunit ( rpoB ) gene of M. tuberculo­sis, which is associated with rifampin resistance and considered a marker for this MDR. TB strain. All pulmonary and gastric specimens from study participants had negative auramine stains and cultures for mycobacteria. One person, however, had separate specimens with repeatedly positive PCR results for IS6110 sequences, but the specimens contained a wild type M. tuberculosis rpoB codon 531 dissimilar from the index patient's strain. Conclusion Although both molecular and conventional testing showed that no exposed person was infected with the MDR-TB strain, molecular test results were available sooner and seemed more sensitive for detecting M. tuberculosis in one exposed person, presumably in a preinfection or "colonized" stage. Molecular methods provided information that helped distinguish this person's M. tuberculosis strain from the index patient's MDR-TB strain. Additional prospective studies should assess the value of these molecular techniques in similar clinical settings.
Periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative in reconstructive periodontal therapy: a systematic review.

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is commonly used in periodontal therapy. The aim of this systematic review is to give an updated answer to the question of whether the additional use of EMD in periodontal therapy is more effective compared with a control or other regenerative procedures.Methods: A literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed) for the use of EMD in periodontal treatment was performed up to May 2010. The use of EMD in treatment of intrabony defects, furcations, and recessions was evaluated. Only randomized controlled trials with ≥1 year of follow-up were included. The primary outcome variable for intrabony defects was the change in clinical attachment level (CAL), for furcations the change in horizontal furcation depth, and for recession complete root coverage.Results: After screening, 27 studies (20 for intrabony defects, one for furcation, and six for recession) were eligible for the review. A meta-analysis was performed for intrabony defects and recession. The treatment of intrabony de...
In vivo disposition of p-substituted phenols in the young rat after intraperitoneal and dermal administration.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the 120-hr disposition of phenol and four p -substituted congeners after ip and dermal administration in the 29-day-old female rat. The dermal absorption was very high (66–80% of the dose) for phenol, cyanophenol, heptyloxyphenol and nitrophenol, but minimal for hydroxybenzoic acid (2%). The major portion of the dose for all of the phenols not absorbed dermally in 24 hr was washed from the skin. Only minor amounts (1–2%) were detected in the treated skin at 120 hr. Urinary excretion was the predominant means of elimination for these phenols and occurred primarily within 24 hr after dermal and ip administration. However, the excretion of heptyloxyphenol after administration by both routes differed from that of the other compounds, with more of it detected in the faeces. The profile of metabolites in urine (collected at 12–24 hr) from the animals dermally treated with phenol, cyanophenol, heptyloxyphenol and nitrophenol showed only peaks that eluted earlier than the parent compound, which suggests that conjugates or more polar metabolites were formed and excreted. The difference in dermal absorption between hydroxybenzoic acid and the other phenols may be due to potential ionization of the p -substituted carboxylic acid group of hydroxybenzoic acid. This suggests that, at least for the phenols examined in this study, physicochemical characteristics other than just lipophilicity can affect in vivo dermal absorption.
Entropy and black-hole thermodynamics

The concept of entropy is examined with an eye toward gaining insight into the nature of black-hole thermodynamics. Definitions of entropy are given for ordinary classical and quantum-mechanical systems which lead to plausibility arguments for the ordinary laws of thermodynamics. The treatment of entropy for a classical system is in the spirit of the information-theory viewpoint, but by explicitly incorporating the coarse-grained observable into the definition of entropy, we eliminate any nonobjective features. The definition of entropy for a quantum-mechanical system is new, but directly parallels the classical treatment. We then apply these ideas to a self-gravitating quantum system which contains a black hole. Under some assumptions: which, although nontrivial, are by no means exotic: about the nature of such a system, it is seen that the same plausibility arguments which lead to the ordinary laws of thermodynamics for ordinary systems now lead to the laws of black-hole mechanics, including the generalized second law of thermodynamics. Thus, it appears perfectly plausible that black-hole thermodynamics is nothing more than ordinary thermodynamics applied to a self-gravitating quantum system.