cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural Markers of Resilience in Adolescent Females at Familial Risk for Major Depressive Disorder.

Importance Adolescence is a neurodevelopmental period during which experience-dependent plasticity in brain circuitry may confer vulnerability to depression as well as resilience to disorder. Little is known, however, about the neural mechanisms that underlie resilience during this critical period of brain development. Objective To examine neural functional connectivity correlates of resilience in adolescent females at high and low familial risk for depression who did and did not develop the disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants A longitudinal study was conducted at Stanford University from October 1, 2003, to January 31, 2017. Sixty-five female adolescents participated in the study: 20 at high risk in whom depression did not develop (resilient), 20 at high risk in whom depression developed (converted), and 25 at low risk with no history of psychopathology (control). Main Outcomes and Measures We compared functional connectivity between resilient and converted, and between resilient and control, adolescent females using voxelwise 2-sided t tests to examine neural markers of resilience to depression as the main outcomes of interest. Specifically, we assessed differences in connectivity of the limbic (amygdala seed), salience (anterior insula seed), and executive control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seed) networks, implicated in emotion regulation. We also examined the association between functional connectivity and life events. Results Of the 65 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.5] years), adolescent females in the resilient group had greater connectivity between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex ( z score = 0.23; P z score = 0.24; P r 18 = 0.48; P = .03). Resilient adolescent females had greater connectivity within frontal ( z score = 0.07; P z score = 0.21; P z score = 0.13; P z score = 0.10; P z score = 0.24; P Conclusions and Relevance Resilient adolescent females have compensatory functional connectivity patterns in emotion regulatory networks that correlate with positive life events, suggesting that experience-dependent plasticity within these networks may confer resilience to depression. Further studies are warranted concerning connectivity-associated targets for promoting resilience in high-risk individuals.
Bio-inspired fluidic thermal angular accelerometer with inherent linear acceleration rejection

Abstract This paper reports on the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of a bio-inspired angular accelerometer. The sensor mimics the semicircular canals in mammalian vestibular systems. The device pairs a fluid-filled microtorus with a thermal detection principle based on thermal convection. The microtorus is intersected by a set of heaters surrounded with temperature detectors on either side, which sense a temperature profile asymmetry upon applied angular acceleration. The device fabrication is based on a two-mask process. Proper arrangement of four resistive temperature sensors in a Wheatstone bridge reduces the impact of heater-induced buoyancy effects. The toroidal microchannel results in inherent geometric linear acceleration insensitivity. The sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 124 μV/deg/s2 for in-plane angular acceleration, two orders of magnitude suppression of cross-axis angular accelerations, three orders of magnitude suppression of linear accelerations, and a test setup limited dynamic range of ±2000 deg/s2 at 1 Hz.
Characterization and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Deep Eutectic Solvent Extracted Sorghum Lignin to Phenolic Compounds

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is intrinsically cheaper than many ionic liquids (ILs) due to low precursor cost, simple synthesis, and improved recyclability. Meanwhile, DES can be as effective as ILs toward dissolving lignin from plant materials. However, the lignin depolymerization mechanism in DES, the structural and chemical properties of DES-extracted lignin (DES-EL), and the possible valorization pathways of DES-EL toward value-added products were not well understood. This study aims to characterize the lignin streams from DES (1:2 choline chloride:lactic acid) treated sorghum and further upgrade the extracted lignin to phenolic compounds. As revealed by HSQC, 13C, and 31P NMR analysis, DES cleaved nearly all ether linkages in native lignin, resulting in significant size reduction. We further catalytically upgraded DES-EL to phenolic compounds via catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis in the presence of isopropyl alcohol. Among the three tested catalysts (Ru/C, Pd/C, and Pt/C), Ru/C proved the most effecti...
‘These Things Sometimes Happen’: Speaking Up About Harassment

A resident physician explores the pressing issue of harassment in medicine, which can come from the patients providers serve.
Hydrodehalogenation of haloarenes over Silica supported Pd and Ni. A consideration of catalytic activity/selectivity and haloarene reactivity

Abstract The gas phase catalytic hydrodehalogenation of haloarenes (423 K ≤ T ≤ 593 K) is presented as a viable means of treating hazardous concentrated halogenated gas streams for the recovery/reuse of valuable chemical feedstock, i.e. a progressive green processing strategy. The action of a Ni/SiO2 and Pd/SiO2 of comparable metal loading (ca. 5% w/w) was compared where the Pd catalyst delivered specific hydrodehalogenation activities that were up to three orders of magnitude greater. Reduction of Pd/SiO2 was far more facile to generate a supported zero valent phase that was characterized by a narrower distribution of smaller metal particles, delivering a (TEM derived) mean Pd particle diameter = 4.0 nm. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) analysis of Ni/SiO2 demonstrated higher reduction temperature requirements (723 K as opposed to 523 K for Pd/SiO2) yielding an average Ni diameter = 9.3 nm. Hydrodehalogenation activity/selectivity is strongly dependent on the electron withdrawing/donation properties of the ring substituents where electron donation serves to activate the ring for hydrogen scission of the CX bond. Variations in isomer reactivity can be attributed to steric hindrance limitations. Lumping chloroarene isomers together, the following trend of decreasing hydrodechlorination rates is established: chlorophenol(s) > chlorotoluene(s) > chlorobenzene > dichlorophenol(s), trichlorophenol(s) > dichlorobenzene(s) > trichlorobenzene(s), bromochlorobenzene > pentachlorophenol > hexachlorobenzene. Compensation behavior is established for the dehalogenation of a range of haloarenes over Ni/SiO2, a response that is used to predict a feasible temperature for the treatment of a multi component haloarene feed.
INHIBITION OF Fc RECEPTORS, MLC, AND RAT RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION BY ALLO-ANTISERA LACKING ANTI-Ag-B SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY

Publisher Summary Several gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a role in alloimnunity and serologically-defined (SD) specificities (HL-A, H-2, Ag B) represent but one component of the system. This chapter describes an experiment that was conducted in the rat to investigate the specificity of non-AgB alloantibodies to lymphocyte Fc receptors. In addition, the inhibition of the MLC response and prolongation of in vivo allograft survival by the passive transfer of anti-Ag B depleted alloantisera has been investigated in the study.
Quadratic Field Extensions

To complete this lab, you should be familiar with the construction of quotient rings of the ring of polynomials over a field F. You should also be familiar with irreducible polynomials over a field. This lab does not presume any other prior knowledge of field extensions. Doing Ring Lab 10 first would be helpful, but it is not necessary.
Investigation of the role of the ras protooncogene point mutation in human uveal melanomas.

Purpose Genetic alterations have been observed in a wide variety of neoplastic processes, including Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, and solid tumors of the colon, skin, and breast. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), dot blotting, and direct double-stranded DNA sequencing were used to assess ras gene activation in human uveal melanomas for three candidate genes: c-Ha-ras1, c-Ki-ras2, and N-ras at codons 12, 13, and 61. Methods Samples of 49 human uveal melanomas were obtained. Amplifiable high molecular weight DNA was obtained from 39 of these. PCR amplification of regions centering on three candidate ras genes was performed. PCR-amplified DNA was evaluated by dot blot and double-stranded DNA sequencing utilizing standard methods. Results No point mutations were identified in screening the c-Ha-ras gene nor were any genetic alterations found in the c-Ki-ras2 gene at codons 12 and 13. Only wild-type sequences were found at codon 61. No ras mutations were detected in any uveal melanomas studied. Conclusions This study provides no evidence to support an association between ras protooncogene mutations and human uveal melanomas at codons 12, 13, or 61.
Quality Control During Aging, Clarification and Stabilization

The term aging in this text refers to the entire time between fermenter and bottle: blending, clarification, detartration, primary filtration and organoleptic fulfillment. Aging can mean different things to different winemasters: a good case can be made for aging to be defined as the time of “adult maturity” in the life of a wine. Another definition may broaden the aging period to include the entire life of a wine from fermentation to the wine glass. For the purpose of this work, however, aging shall be limited by post-fermentation and pre-bottling as recorded in the bulk wine book inventory, unless specifically excepted.
Reunification and the European Alliance System, 1950–1954

During the occupation period United States policy had evolved from the Level of Industry Plan to the founding of the Federal Republic. Germany was no longer to be considered a former enemy, but a future ally. If there was any doubt on this point, it was resolved in the early 1950’s, when it was decided to integrate West Germany firmly into the Western alliance system. The Federal Republic was to become a full partner in the economic and military pacts of the West European Community.
Dietary Guidelines and Complex Carbohydrates

In January, 1996 the Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services jointly released the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans (1). Since 1980, review and publication of revised Dietary Guidelines has occurred every 5 years; however, the 1995 review is the first that was mandated by public law (Public Law 101–445, Section 3). The Guidelines, as released, are based on a report submitted to the Secretaries of these agencies that is developed by an 11 member Advisory Committee (2). However, the bulletin is reviewed and revised within the agencies before publication. The recommendations in the bulletin form the basis of Federal policy and education programs in food, nutrition and health and provide a working agreement between Agriculture and Health and Human Services for their programs. The written text of the guidelines is aimed at consumers; nonetheless, it is intended to reflect current scientific knowledge and has relied upon such reports as the Surgeon General’s Report on Nutrition and Health, the National Academy of Sciences Report on Diet and Health and the tenth edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances as well as current scientific literature (3–5).
How It Ended in Afghanistan, How It Started in Iraq

De Tray describes high-level military enthusiasm, which produced no lasting effect, for expanding a development program, the People’s Development Fund. The program aimed to strengthen ties between the Afghan people and their government, a prime objective of counterinsurgency strategy, by shifting accountability for development projects to Afghan provincial and district governments from the international coalition led by the United States. De Tray had developed and piloted the program with the 173rd Airborne Division in two provinces of Afghanistan in 2009–2010. In a briefing, David Petraeus, then commander of the US Central Command, and John F. Campbell, commander of forces in the region of Afghanistan where the pilot took place, both urged that the program spread. But that did not happen. De Tray also describes his recruitment to the team, its civilian and military makeup, its meetings both inside the Green Zone in Baghdad and throughout the country, and its recommendations. The team’s first recommendation was that the coalition encourage the Iraq government to take ownership of the development program, overcome political obstacles to progress, and create pathways for advisors in government institutions.
Machine learning performance in a microbial molecular autopsy context: A cross-sectional postmortem human population study.

Background The postmortem microbiome can provide valuable information to a death investigation and to the human health of the once living. Microbiome sequencing produces, in general, large multi-dimensional datasets that can be difficult to analyze and interpret. Machine learning methods can be useful in overcoming this analytical challenge. However, different methods employ distinct strategies to handle complex datasets. It is unclear whether one method is more appropriate than others for modeling postmortem microbiomes and their ability to predict attributes of interest in death investigations, which require understanding of how the microbial communities change after death and may represent those of the once living host. Methods and findings Postmortem microbiomes were collected by swabbing five anatomical areas during routine death investigation, sequenced and analyzed from 188 death cases. Three machine learning methods (boosted algorithms, random forests, and neural networks) were compared with respect to their abilities to predict case attributes: postmortem interval (PMI), location of death, and manner of death. Accuracy depended on the method used, the numbers of anatomical areas analyzed, and the predicted attribute of death. Conclusions All algorithms performed well but with distinct features to their performance. Xgboost often produced the most accurate predictions but may also be more prone to overfitting. Random forest was the most stable across predictions that included more anatomic areas. Analysis of postmortem microbiota from more than three anatomic areas appears to yield limited returns on accuracy, with the eyes and rectum providing the most useful information correlating with circumstances of death in most cases for this dataset.
Jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to metastatic uveal melanoma after 11 years of remission

Malignant cutaneous melanoma frequently metastasises to gastrointestinal tract, small bowel being the most common site likely due to its rich vascular supply. However, most common sites for metastatic uveal melanoma are the liver (93%), lung (24%), bone (16%), skin/subcutaneous tissue (11%) and lymph nodes (10%). 1 We present a case of 46-year-old man with jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to metastatic uveal melanoma status postbrachytherapy after 11 years of remission. We aim to highlight the rare occurrence of adult intussusception secondary to uveal melanoma after a prolonged period of remission.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Related to Chronic Use of Mesalamine: A Case Report and Literature Review

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is commonly seen related to iatrogenic causes such as excess retinol, tetracyclines, and amiodarone. We report a case of IIH likely related to mesalamine use. A 63-year-old woman presented with transient episodes of diplopia and headaches. She was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome and started on mesalamine 8 months prior. Her neurologic examination was significant for papilledema and bilateral partial abducens nerve palsies. Her opening pressure was 27 cm H 2 O. Discontinuation of mesalamine in conjunction with acetazolamide correlated with improvement of her papilledema and diplopia. At 6-month follow-up, she still remained asymptomatic. IIH is likely a rare side effect of mesalamine use likely related to 5-aminosalycilate use. This class of medication typically causes headache so this is likely a more complex version. The mechanism of how this occurs is largely unknown. Patients presenting with new onset headache or diplopia acutely or chronically on mesalamine should have ophthalmologic evaluation urgently to evaluate for IIH. J Neurol Res. 2019;9(3):39-40 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr537
Evolving understanding of total artificial heart support of young infants and children.

Abstract Background We have developed a new method of total artificial heart (TAH) support for young patients, and here share our preliminary results and evolving understanding. Methods This report is a retrospective chart review of all patients Results Our cohort includes 5 patients. Two had single-ventricle circulation, 1 of whom had undergone a Glenn procedure and was revised back to a Sano shunt. Four were on extracorporeal life support for longer than 10 days, 3 with an open chest. In these 3 patients, the TAH was a salvage operation. Centrifugal pumps were used for 2 patients and pulsatile pumps for 3 patients. Three patients survived to transplantation and discharge, with support times of 79, 44, and 96 days; in these patients, the duration of follow-up from discharge to the time of this report was 687, 19, and 8 days, respectively, and all patients were well. For the pulsatile pumps, in the first patient we placed valved conduits for inflow connections. For the second patient, we omitted the valved conduits and oversized the pumps to avoid full fill; yet, despite our best efforts, full fill occurred frequently, and thus we converted to a systemic centrifugal pump. Conclusions Our method of TAH support can be tailored to provide effective support of carefully selected young children with single or biventricular physiology. In our opinion, for pulsatile pumps, oversizing the pump and using valved inflow conduits may be important adjuncts to achieve effective support.
Answers to Questions about User-Friendly Insar Data Products

1. The ionospheric correction can be applied by processing the geocoded single look complex (SLC) product in two subbands using the frequency dispersion correction algorithm. 2. The effective number of looks for correlation estimation is obtained by multiplying the number of spatial looks by the cosine of the incidence angle. 3. A DEM error will result in an extra phase term that is dependent on baseline, but for modern radar sensors this term is very small. 4. The same as you currently do using range-Doppler products.
Influence of casting substrate on bulk morphology and vanadium ion transport in ionomer nanocomposites

Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer nanocomposites are a promising solution to address the poor ion selectivity of current membranes utilized in vanadium redox flow batteries. Herein, we investigate the impact of a casting substrate on the nanostructure and vanadium ion transport in bulk ionomer and ionomer nanocomposite membranes (i.e., films with thicknesses of ∼100 μm). Specifically, solution-cast ionomer nanocomposite membranes, containing either unfunctionalized (hydroxyl groups), amine-functionalized, or sulfonic acid-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), were fabricated by casting on either a polished quartz or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. Surprisingly, the choice of the casting substrate was seen to affect the bulk morphology of the PFSA ionomers, resulting in substrate-specific vanadium ion transport, where suppressed ion transport was observed for membranes cast on the polished quartz, when compared to their PTFE-cast counterparts. Additionally, the chemical composition of the substrate-adjacent surface was a function of both the substrate and the surface functionality of the SiNPs. Moreover, it was observed that both the chemical composition of the membrane surface and the substrate-induced changes to the bulk ionomer morphology governed vanadyl ion transport through the PFSA ionomers. Results from this work have direct implications for the design of next-generation ionomer nanocomposites, as the casting substrate used to fabricate these materials, and the orientation of these membranes inside the operating flow battery, can significantly influence transport of vanadium ions.
Numerical assessment of the influence of foundation pinning, deck resistance, and 3D site geometry on the response of bridge foundations to demands of liquefaction-induced lateral soil deformation

Abstract The 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile caused extensive lateral spreading at the site of the Mataquito river bridge. The surface soil deformation patterns and relatively minor structural damage to the bridge observed at this site suggest that foundation pinning effects played a prominent role in the overall response of the bridge abutments to the lateral spreading. 3D finite element analysis of a Mataquito river bridge abutment is used to examine the role of foundation pinning, lateral bridge deck resistance, the deck expansion gap, and the 3D site geometry on the response of the abutment and approach embankment to a simulated lateral spreading event. A parameter study using a second set of 3D finite element models is conducted in order to further investigate the influence of 3D geometric site effects, such as the width of the embankment crest and thickness of the non-liquefiable crust, on the response of deep foundations to kinematic demands consistent with lateral spreading.
Topic Modeling And Classification Of Common Vulnerabilities And Exposures Database

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) is a repository of publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This repository can be used in many ways including vulnerability assessment, intrusion detection, security information management, etc. Mining this repository also help us understand the trend of vulnerabilities and exposures. We have analyzed CVE entries from 2009–2019 in terms of vulnerability types defined by OWASP Top-10 risks. We extracted 121,716 unique CVEs through the twenty years. In this paper we have implemented a method to categorize these CVE entries to OWASP Top-10 risks using LDA Topic Modelling and Keyword matching technique. This method enables automatic analysis of CVE with large number of entries and contributes to the creation of vulnerability taxonomy from CVE.
Impostor Feelings of Music Education Graduate Students

Impostor phenomenon (IP) is the psychological construct used to describe potentially debilitating feelings of fraud and fear of being exposed as a phony in individuals who are actually high achievi...
Answer to October 2020 Photo Quiz.

Answer: Fusarium sp. identified histologically in amputated tissue. The hematoxylin and eosin stain reveals a mat of fungal hyphae covering the surface of the necrotic skin. The hyphae extensively invade into the subcutaneous necrotic soft tissue. Canoe-shaped macroconidia are intermixed with hyphae
Northern long-eared bats roosting in a managed forest in south-central Indiana

Abstract Forest management can have mixed impacts on tree-roosting bats. Several bat species have benefitted from increased roost availability generated by certain silvicultural methods. To further investigate the impacts of forest management on bats, we conducted a study on the federally threatened northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) in managed forests within south-central Indiana, USA. During the summers of 2012–2015, we captured and tracked 69 female bats back to 175 roosts, for which we collected roost-scale data. We compared the frequency that roosts and random points were located in (or within 10 m of) timber harvest openings and first-stage shelterwood cuts as well as their distances to these harvest types. Female northern long-eared bats roosted in a variety of roost types in a variety of tree species. However, bats tended to roost more frequently in crevices and cavities located on live sassafras (Sassafras albidum; which were often hollow) that dominated the forest mid-story and large oaks and maples in the overstory (Quercus spp., Acer spp.). While bats used roosts that were closer to harvest openings and first-stage shelterwood cuts, they did not preferentially use or avoid roosts within these sites based on their availability. However, bats did roost within both harvest openings and shelterwood cuts. Roosts used by bats in this study area are similar to those used in other landscapes, suggesting that forest management does not affect bats’ choice of roost. Our results suggest that the roosting behavior of female northern long-eared bats are not negatively impacted by forest management, at least within these south-central Indiana forests.
Modeling site-specific nucleotide biases affecting Himar1 transposon insertion frequencies in TnSeq datasets

Abstract In bacterial TnSeq experiments, a library of transposons insertion mutants is generated, selected under various growth conditions, and sequenced to determine the profile of insertions at different sites in the genome, from which the fitness of mutant strains can be inferred. The widely used Himar1 transposon is known to be restricted to insertions at TA dinucleotides, but otherwise, few site-specific biases have been identified. As a result, most analytical approaches assume that insertion counts are expected a priori to be randomly distributed among TA sites in non-essential regions. However, recent analyses of independent Himar1 Tn libraries in M. tuberculosis have identified a local sequence pattern that is non-permissive for Himar1 insertion. This suggests there are site-specific biases that affect the frequency of insertions of the Himar1 transposon at different TA sites. In this paper, we use statistical and machine learning models to characterize patterns in the nucleotides surrounding TA sites associated with high and low insertion counts. We not only affirm that the previously discovered non-permissive pattern (CG)GnTAnC(CG) suppresses insertions, but conversely show that an A in the -3 position or T in the +3 position from the TA site encourages them. We demonstrate that these insertion preferences exist in Himar1 TnSeq datasets other than M. tuberculosis, including mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial species. We build predictive models of Himar1 insertion preferences as a function of surrounding nucleotides. The final predictive model explains about half of the variance in insertion counts, presuming the rest comes from stochastic variability between libraries or due to sampling differences during sequencing. Based on this model, we present a new method, called the TTN-Fitness method, to improve the identification of conditionally essential genes or genetic interactions, i.e., to better distinguish true biological fitness effects by comparing the observed counts to expected counts using a site-specific model of insertion preferences. Compared to previous methods like Hidden Markov Models, the TTN-Fitness method can make finer distinctions among genes whose disruption causes a fitness defect (or advantage), separating them out from the large pool of non-essentials, and is able to classify the essentiality of many smaller genes (with few TA sites) that were previously characterized as uncertain.
The Pro Se Athlete: Athletes Representing Themselves in Standard Form Contract Negotiations

The rate at which athletes represent themselves in standard form contract negotiations has increased in recent years. Based on a wide variety of reasons for and against, athletes may elect to represent themselves rather than pay an agent to represent their interest(s). This article argues, however, that the growing trend of pro se representation by athletes in contract negotiations does not signify the end of agents representing athletes because pro se representation is only for certain athletes.
Insecticide cyclic nucleotide interactions: I. Quinoxalinedithiol derivatives: A new group of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Abstract The direct effects of tepp, methyl paraoxon, DDT, dieldrin, aldicarb, dimetilan, rotenone, allethrin, and oxythioquinox were surveyed on cockroach brain adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase in vitro . The most striking result of this survey was the observation that oxythioquinox is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The inhibitory activities of seven different quinoxalinedithiol derivatives were compared with those of methyl-xanthines and SQ 65,442 on phosphodiesterases from cockroach brain, rat brain, and beef heart. Although I 50 values of the quinoxaline inhibitors were found to be in the μ M range, solubility deficiencies apparently limit their effectiveness with inhibition reaching limiting values of about 70–90% as concentrations are increased. Evaluation of the quinoxaline inhibitors to enhance the accumulation of cyclic AMP in the assay of adenyl cyclase did not demonstrate any significant advantage over the use of aminophylline, a standard inhibitor for this purpose. A new assay for phosphodiesterase, involving separation of substrate from product on aluminum oxide columns, was developed by modification of similar techniques utilized in the assay of adenyl cyclase.
Cross-modal transfer in human infants. What is being transferred?

GOTTFRIED, ALLEN W.; ROSE, SUSAN A.; and BRIDGER, WAGNER H. Cross-modal Transfer in Human Infants. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 118-123. This study investigated cross-modal transfer in infants by their proclivity to respond differentially to novel and familiar stimuli after familiarization in a different sensory modality. Across a variety of stimulus shapes, 1-year-old infants significantly and reliably looked more at and reached more for the novel than the familiar stimulus subsequent to information input from tactual stimulation. Furthermore, for the first time, it is demonstrated that not only do infants gain information about the shape of objects from their oral experience with them but this information can be made available to the visual modality.
3D object classification using scale invariant heat kernels with collaborative classification

One of the major goals of computer vision is the development of flexible and efficient methods for shape representation. This paper proposes an approach for shape matching and retrieval based on scale-invariant heat kernel (HK). The approach uses a novel descriptor based on the histograms of the scale-invariant HK for a number of critical points on the shape at different time scales. We propose an improved method to introduce scale-invariance of HK to avoid noise-sensitive operations in the original method. A collaborative classification (CC) scheme is then employed for object classification. For comparison we compare our approach to well-known approaches on a standard benchmark dataset: the SHREC 2011. The results have indeed confirmed the high performance of the proposed approach on the shape retrieval problem.
Canister-based samplers for volatile organics

Canister-based samplers for volatile organics are a viable alternative to samplers based on solid sorbent collection. Simple, low-cost units are available that operate for sampling periods of from one minute to several hours without the need for electricity. If electronic flow controllers are used, constant sampling rates can be maintained over 24 hours. Sample integrity of compounds passing through the samplers, and storage stability have been tested. Problems with sample integrity due to contamination in sampler elements upstream of the canisters are common, but have been prevented by proper cleaning procedures. Storage stability over seven days at the 1.0 ppbv concentration level has been established. Reactions among co-collected compounds needs further study. The weatherized versions of these units are suitable for monitoring near hazardous waste landfills.
Breastfeeding as Subversive

AbstractThe US military has frequently been a focus for feminist scholarship. Much of this scholarship concentrates on the masculine character of the institution. Although the associations between masculinity and the military are significant, little scholarship has examined women's embodied experiences or the representations of women in the military context. This essay addresses this gap in the literature by using a textual approach to explore the visual elements of a controversial image picturing two US Air Force servicewomen breastfeeding in uniform, which was released by the Mom2Mom Support Group in the summer of 2012. Specifically analyzed are how the photograph's representations of the maternal body function to subvert patriarchal aspects of US culture in two ways: by disrupting conventional understandings of women's relationships to the military and by challenging the border between motherhood and sexuality in a sphere where both are often rendered invisible. This analysis argues that aversive respo...
Finding and Getting into the Right Graduate Program

Students choose to pursue a graduate degree in food science for many reasons. These may include: a means of entry into food science, future job requirements, or expansion of food science knowledge. Regardless of reason, the chosen graduate program should provide the student with the skills necessary to meet his or her goals. If the goal is to obtain a specific career, the program should be selected and tailored to fit the needs of that job. Or, the student may wish to develop a greater understanding of a particular area of food science, and thus develop an expertise. Additionally, many students will choose to pursue a graduate degree in food science after obtaining a completely different undergraduate degree and the graduate program will include the fundamentals of the science.
Asking for Facebook Logins: An Egoist Case for Privacy

With the advent of social networking websites, privacy concerns have reached a new high. One particularly problematic concern entails employers requesting login credentials to popular social media platforms. While many people may consider this request unethical, they may not agree on the reasons it is unethical. One reason may be to blame the behavior on egoism. Egoism, however, comes in multiple flavors, not all of which would agree that violating privacy is acceptable. In this paper, we articulate how one egoist perspective provides a defense of privacy in the face of unjust information access requests. Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand, offers an egoist approach to ethics that values individual privacy on rational, self-interested grounds. By applying Objectivist principles to a business context, we observe that businesspeople should not violate other people’s privacy for short-term gains. Furthermore, we observe that privacy can be protected without distinct right to privacy. Rather, Objectivism’s conception of rational self-interest suggests that long-term flourishing is the proper end of individuals and businesses, predicated on, among other things, respecting privacy and enforcing individual rights.
The future interaction of science and innovation policy for climate change and national security

Recent efforts to characterize the interactions among climate change and national security issues raise challenges of relating disparate bodies of scientific (both physical and social) knowledge as well as determining the role of innovation in meeting these challenges. Technological innovation has been called for to combat climate change, increase food production, and discover new ways of generating energy, and proposals for increased investments in R&D and technology deployment are to be met with everywhere. However, such policy decisions in one domain have impacts in other domains—often unexpected, often negative, but often capable of being addressed in planning stages. This technological tool allows its users to embody the knowledge of different domains, to keep that knowledge up to date, and to define relationships, via both a model and an analytic game, such that policy makers can foresee problems and plan to forestall or mitigate them. Capturing and dynamically updating knowledge is the accomplishment of the Knowledge Encapsulation Framework. A systems dynamic model, created in STELLA®, simulates the relationships among different domains, so that relevant knowledge is applied to a seemingly independent issue. An analytic game provides a method to use that knowledge as it might be used in real-world settings.
Electricity Production from Steam-Exploded Corn Stover Biomass

Electricity generation using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was examined from corn stover waste biomass using samples prepared through either neutral or acid steam-exploded hydrolysis processes that convert the hemicellulose to soluble sugars. Maximum power densities in fed-batch tests using an air-cathode MFC were 371 ± 13 mW/m2 and 367 ± 13 mW/m2 for the neutral and acid hydrolysates (1000 mg-COD/L, 250 Ω). Power output exhibited saturation kinetics with respect to fuel concentration, with predicted maximum power densities of Pmax = 475 mW/m2 and half-saturation constants of Ks = 347 mg/L (neutral) and Pmax = 422 mW/m2 and Ks = 170 mg/L (acid). Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) were comparable to that found using carbohydrates in this type of MFC, with values ranging from 20 to 30% for both hydrolysates. All sugars (monomeric or oligomeric) were completely utilized, with overall biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies of 93 ± 2% (neutral) and 94 ± 1% (acid). Power output could be increased by using...
Repair of acute extensor hallucis longus tendon injuries: a retrospective review.

Background. Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon injuries may occur with lacerations sustained over the dorsum of the foot and lead to hallux dysfunction. Primary repair is performed when tendon edges are opposable; however, if a gap exists between tendon edges, then reconstruction with tendon graft or tendon transfer may be necessary to restore hallux alignment and dorsiflexion. We describe the surgical technique and report the results on a large series of patients having undergone primary repair or reconstruction of EHL tendon lacerations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing EHL tendon repair or reconstruction between January 2005 and May 2012. Information on patient demographics, mechanism of injury, time to surgery, intraoperative findings, surgical repair or reconstruction technique, and postoperative function were collected. Patients were contacted by telephone for administration of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ha...
Restructuring agency job descriptions using realistic job previews

Not-for-profit mental health agency administration should study whether a need exists for the use of realistic job previews in their respective organizations. Theoretically, the RJP makes sense, and in practice, empirical evidence suggests effectiveness. Agencies that are experiencing high turnover rates may benefit from the use of RJPs. Additionally, ethical considerations of the profession do factor into the decision as to whether an agency uses RJPs. The social work code of ethics does advocate full disclosure to clients. Why should employees deserve less consideration?
Near-ultraviolet mutation of transforming DNA irradiated in vivo.

Abstract Our previous work has demonstrated that whereas near-UV radiation is not a mutagen for Haemophilus influenzae cells, it does induce mutations in purified transforming DNA. In order to test various hypotheses concerning this difference, we have irradiated cells at 334 and 365 nm, then lysed them and assayed the DNA for induced mutations and for inactivation of transforming ability. The inactivation was only a little lower than observed with highly purified transforming DNA. The DNA irradiated in vivo was mutated at both wave-lengths, but with considerably lower efficiency than was purified DNA. Neither incubation of the cells after irradiation and before lysis nor freezing and thawing the cells significantly changed the amount of mutation. It is concluded that there is some protection of the DNA against premutational lesions by the in vivo environment, but that it is not enough to account for the total lack of mutation of the cells. A probable explanation of this lack of cell mutation is that lethal lesions in the cells are induced much more readily than premutational lesions.
Prodrug Approaches to Enhancement of Physicochemical Properties of Drugs IV: Novel Epinephrine Prodrug

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a prodrug that appears to overcome the problem of inefficient absorption of epinephrine through the lipoidal membranes of the eye are described. The enzymatic rate of regeneration of epinephrine from the prodrug was determined using a rabbit eye homogenate, rabbit plasma, and human plasma. The prodrug had no activity of its own when tested against a guinea pig smooth muscle preparation. Upon enzymatic regeneration of epinephrine from the prodrug, however, the reaction mixture exhibited α‐adrenergic activity equivalent to that of epinephrine when tested in the same preparation.
Third stage of labor: Analysis of duration and clinical practice

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to record gestational age—specific data for third-stage duration of labor, frequencies of retained placentas (undelivered at 30 minutes), manual removal of the placenta, and hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN: Included were 45,852 singleton deliveries ≥20 weeks' gestation from 1984 to 1992. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and actuarial life analysis with censoring of cases with manual placenta removal were performed. RESULTS: The frequency of retained placentas (2.0% overall) was markedly increased among gestations ≤26 weeks (odds ratio 20.8, 95% confidence interval 17.1 to 25.4) and CONCLUSIONS: The duration of the third stage decreases and the frequencies of hemorrhage and manual removal decrease with increasing gestational age. Hemorrhage was associated with manual placental removal. Life-table analysis indicated that manual removal of placentas shortened the duration of the third stage of labor, especially among prterm deliveries. A prospective trial is needed to determine whether manual placental removal can reduce hemorrhage among prolonged third stages.
Tensor propagator with weight-selected paths for quantum dissipative dynamics with long-memory kernels

Abstract The tensor multiplication scheme, which allows iterative evaluation of the path integral for quantum dissipative dynamics, is extended to processes involving long-memory kernels such as those occurring in low-frequency solvents. Rather than propagating the augmented reduced density tensor in full-dimensional space, we propose here including in the propagator tensor only those path segments which enter the path integral with appreciable weight. The appropriate path segments are selected according to their weights by importance sampling. Elimination of the vast majority of paths which make negligible contribution in the path integral results in dramatic reduction of the required storage.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LABELING STUDIES TO CRIMINOLOGY

Abstract A brief history of labeling studies suggests that the approach that came to be called labeling theory was actually a series of studies of crime and deviance in an interactionist tradition. Four fundamental elements unique and essential to that approach are presented: the stress on the relativity of all action; the understanding that crime is a defined class of actions; the emphasis on career and on the sequential development of action over time; and the emphasis on structural components of the labeling system. A review of the major critiques of labeling indicates that the approach was widely misunderstood, that these four elements are crucial to any theory of crime, and that criminology must accept different concurrent models of crime and criminality at this stage in the field's development if it is to progress.
Hard Rods on a Line as a Model for Adsorption of Gas Mixtures on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Surfaces

It is shown that a mixture ofhard rods on a line in a homogeneous external field is ideal. The composition of such an adsorbed mixture is determined not by the relative values of the energies of the adsorbed molecules but by the relative values ofa function similar to the enthalpy ofa single molecule. In contrast, the hard rod mixture in an inhomogeneous external field is not ideal but displays minor negative deviations from Raoult's law. It is suggested that the deviation from ideality depends significantly upon the dimensionality of the space.
The interaction of memories in the rat: Effects on short-term retention performance

Abstract In four experiments, rats were tested for short-term retention of a target spatial location either with or without prior exposures to alternate spatial locations in a T-maze. In all cases, exposure to alternate locations prior to exposure to the target location impaired retention of the target. This impairment increased as the number of exposures to the alternate location was increased, and the impairment decreased as the interval between alternate and target exposures was increased. In no case was the magnitude of the impairment found to increase as the retention interval was lengthened.
Report on Alexis' dreams—bad as well as good

Abstract Given my abiding regard for phonetics in general, and Dr Port's work in particular, I am deeply disappointed by his response to my Letter. What I argue in my Letter-in, if anything, excessive detail-is that the work on so-called “incomplete neutralization” of word-final voicing in Catalan, German, Russian, and Polish has been inconclusive at best, involving a systematic failure to run the crucial experiments on the crucial forms as well as an equally systematic disregard for both the vast phonetic and the phonological literature dealing with the four languages at issue and the very significant literature devoted to related questions of partial and/or optional neutralization (including the “near-merger” phenomenon) in other languages. Port does not respond to any of this-or to the detailed suggestions I advanced for how, preferably in collaboration with a phonologist who knows how to analyze these languages, an experimental phonetician could hope to remedy these problems and determine once and for all whether “incomplete neutralization” exists or not.