cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Layer-by-layer self-assembly of Cibacron Blue F3GA and lipase on ultra-fine cellulose fibrous membrane

Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) dye and lipase from Candida rugosa were assembled into multiple alternating bilayers on ultra-fine cellulose (Cell) fiber surfaces via electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition. The presence and even coverage of CB and lipase molecules on the fibers were clearly evident by FTIR spectra and microprobe element mapping. The average thickness of each CB/lipase bilayer was ∼11 nm and the total LBL thickness increased with increasing numbers of bilayers up to 5 bilayers. The CB and lipase loadings on the Cell fibrous membrane also increased with the increasing bilayers. While CB was loaded at ∼8.1 mg/g Cell from layers 2-4, lipase loading was ∼3.3 mg/g Cell for the first 2 then became more varied, i.e., between 1.5 and 6.5 mg/g Cell, from layers 3-5. The maximum catalytic activities of lipase bound in the CB/lipase bilayers were 97.0, 90.4, 85.2, 76.1, and 55.6 U/mg of lipase with 1-5 bilayers, respectively. The catalytic activity of lipase bound in all 5-bilayer LBL was equivalent to 45% of that of free lipase. The successful assembling of alternating layers of CB and lipase as shown by incrementally increasing thickness and loading demonstrate that LBL is a promising approach to immobilize enzymes as nano-films on 3D fibrous templates.
IN DEFENCE OF LUTHER GULICK'S‘NOTES ON THE THEORY OF ORGANIZATION

This article reviews a debate in public administration which occurred some 40 years ago between two giants of public administration, Luther Gulick and Herbert Simon. Simon is generally considered to have ‘won’ the debate in the 1940s and 195Os, and there is good reason to think that this ‘victory’ turned the field of public administration in a direction very different from where it had been headed previously. The paper makes two arguments. The first argument is that a close examination of the key articles – Gulicks ‘Notes on the Theory of Organization’ (1937) and Simon's The Proverbs of Administration' (1946) – shows that Gulicks essay was not nearly as vulnerable to Simon's criticisms as has commonly been assumed. In general, Gulicks arguments are richer and far more subtle than Simon recognized. The second argument has a more current focus: had Gulicks approach been pursued in the ways Gulick suggested, there is reason to think we would know considerably more about the design of organizational structures than we currently do.
Teachers’ Critical Evaluations of Dynamic Geometry Software Implementation in 1:1 Classrooms

Although the use of dynamic software in high school mathematics in the United States has emerged as a research topic, little research has been conducted on how teachers integrate new software in relation to at-home technology networks. Interviews with eight mathematics teachers from four North Carolina counties participating in 1:1 laptop initiatives are analyzed to trace similar decision-making themes, including Internet access, laptop availability, software use, and teacher training. This article outlines how current technologies in classrooms were critically examined by the teachers and how network connectivity impressions affected hardware and software use.
Modeling max-of-N fluence distribution using measured shot-to-shot beam contrast

We have found the local temporal shot-to-shot variation of the NIF high-energy laser system to be relatively constant (~3.4% to 4.2% of the mean fluence). We have developed a statistical model that predicts the maximum fluence distribution any particular location will be exposed to after N independent shots (the so-called max-of-N fluence distribution) using the measured shot-to-shot variance; this method allows for an estimate of maximum optics fluence exposure.
Breaking up is hard to do: the impact of unmarried relationship dissolution on mental health and life satisfaction

This study examined the impact of unmarried relationship break-up on psychological distress and life satisfaction using a within-subjects design. Among unmarried 18- to 35-year olds (N = 1295), 36.5% had one or more break-ups over a 20-month period. Experiencing a break-up was associated with an increase in psychological distress and a decline in life satisfaction (from pre- to postdissolution). In addition, several characteristics of the relationship or of the break-up were associated with the magnitude of the changes in life satisfaction following a break-up. Specifically, having been cohabiting and having had plans for marriage were associated with larger declines in life satisfaction while having begun to date someone new was associated with smaller declines. An interesting finding, having higher relationship quality at the previous wave was associated with smaller declines in life satisfaction following a break-up. No relationship or break-up characteristics were significantly associated with the magnitude of changes in psychological distress after a break-up. Existing theories are used to explain the results. Implications for clinical work and future research on unmarried relationships are also discussed.
Structural and fluid-chemical properties of seismogenic normal faults

Abstract Structures in extensional fault zones can be classified using the configuration of fault branch lines and tip lines. Important classes include the segment bend, segment termination, segment branch, cross-fault intersection, and segment offset. The effect of these structures on rupture history is not necessarily consistent, neither between individual earthquakes nor between different fault zones. Rupture behavior is dependent on several other factors including loading conditions (regional and localized rupture tip stress fields), fluid-mechanical processes, and chemical processes. Fracture toughness is partly controlled by the angular discordance between slip directions on adjacent fault segments. Greater discordance between slip directions and intersection lines of fault segments results in greater strain incompatibility. An internal fracture network generally evolves within a segment boundary to maintain compatibility and transfer slip between the segments. The dimensions and structure of this fracture network may also partly control rupture propagation. Presumably, activation of a fault network with large angular discordances between slip directions and intersection lines will generate numerous asperities as the subsidiary faults mutually interact and offset each other. The geometry of a segment boundary may change with depth and the three-dimensional nature of the structure may be important in controlling rupture history. Fluids influence rupturing via fluid-pressure effects and time-dependent chemical processes. Fracture propagation by stress corrosion may favor instability, and chemical alteration may produce minerals of lower strengths, allowing time-dependent creep. Sealing and healing of fractures, however, may remove damage and increase strength. Elementary computations indicate that representative times for sealing and chemical alteration are between 1 and 1000 years for reasonable physical conditions, well within the recurrence intervals of most large earthquakes. Time to failure for stress corrosion cracking is more highly variable and strongly sensitive to applied stress and fluid pressure.
Mapping marine habitats with high resolution sidescan sonar

Abstract The application of marine geophysics and GIS techniques to the characterization of benthic habitats has increased the ability of fisheries managers to assess distribution and habitat types beyond common practices. We report upon a 150 kHz sidescan sonar survey offshore of Kruzof Island, Alaska undertaken to characterize rockfish (Sebastes) habitat. Using GIS, MapGrafix and Map∗Factory we determined the percentage of seafloor cover that exists in our survey area. Bathymetry in the study area was determined with sidescan interferometry. All XYZ data were gridded using Surfer and plotted in shaded relief, bathymetric contour, and 3-dimensional formats. Contoured bathymetry was used as an over-lay in MapGrafix. Small sub-areas were extracted from the bathymetric data for closer study, and gridded in Surfer. Areas of the mosaic where backscatter patterns were not distinct were verified with hand samples and video collected with the submersible Delta. The use of submersibles for verification of interpreted lithologies and surface textures enables a high degree of accuracy for the interpretations. Lithotypes were lumped into larger groups based on morphology and fish associations with different morphologies verified using the submersible. The accuracy of digital maps from high-resolution sidescan sonar data allows a close quantification of the areal extents of these important features, directing the application of management strategies to critical areas.
Mercury in Green Bay, Lake Michigan Surficial Sediments Collected between 1987 and 1990

Abstract Sediments were collected by gravity core from 74 locations in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Surficial sediments (0 to 1 cm depth) from these stations were analyzed for total mercury for the purpose of describing the horizontal variation of mercury in Green Bay sediments, estimating mercury fluxes to surficial sediments, and identifying potential sources of mercury. With concentrations ranging between 0.006 and 1.0 mg/kg, the surficial sediments had a mean mercury concentration of 0.36 mg/kg. The median concentration was 0.28 mg/kg. Surficial sediment mercury concentrations were highest along the eastern shore between the cities of Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay. Elevated concentrations were also found near Escanaba and west of Chambers Island. Lowest concentrations were found north, south, and west of Washington Island and near the Little Suamico River. Mercury fluxes ranged between 0.03 and 100 ng/cm 2 /y, with a mean of 20 ng/cm 2 /y. Only 14% of this flux is delivered by regional atmospheric sources. The Fox River is the dominant contributor, and the majority of the total mercury flux to the bay is delivered by the rivers that are tributary to the bay.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Origin of Distortion of Guest Coronene in Various Sites of n-Heptane Shpol'skii Matrix.

Abstract We report the high resolution emission (S 1 → S 0 , T 1 → S 0 ) and laser single site singlet excitation (S 1 ← S 0 ) spectra for the various insertion sites of coronene in n -heptane cooled to 1.5 K. The observation of site splitting of doubly degenerate vibrations and weak electric dipole forbidden 0, 0 bands in the S 1 → S 0 and T 1 → S 0 spectra indicates that the ground state, the first excited singlet and lowest triplet states are all distorted. In these spectra, the intensity distribution of the various sites in the 0, 0 bands suggests that the distortion is different from site to site but similar in S 0 , S 1 and T 1 . Identical ordering of the sites in S 1 S 0 and S 1 S 0 spectra as well as the observation of weak shifts in the vibrational frequencies in the two states implies the absence of strong pseudo Jahn-Teller forces in the first excited singlet state. We propose, further, that this is also true for the triplet state. This conclusion is supported by the similarity in zero-field splitting parameters of coronene and deuterated coronene. Taken together, these results indicate strongly that the distortion of coronene in n -heptane is primarily crystal field induced and is not greatly changed upon excitation of the molecule to its lowest excited states.
Epidural analgesia for blunt thoracic injury--which patients benefit most?

Abstract Introduction Epidural analgesia for blunt thoracic injury has been demonstrated to be beneficial for pulmonary function, analgesia, and subjective pain; however the optimal patient selection and timing of thoracic epidural placement have not been well studied. We hypothesised that early ( 3 ribs fractured) is associated with fewer pulmonary complications and lower resource utilisation as measured by ICU and hospital length of stay. Methods This is a retrospective review of all non-intubated patients suffering from blunt thoracic injury with 3 or more rib fractures requiring hospital admission for >24 h over a recent 5-year period. Pulmonary complications were defined as pneumonia, empyema, hypoxia, and need for delayed intubation. Logistic regression was utilised to analyse patient and injury characteristics associated with pulmonary complications. Results 187 patients were included in the analysis; early thoracic epidural was utilised in 18% ( n = 34). There was no difference in age, ISS, ICU length of stay (LOS), or pulmonary complications between patients who received an epidural (EPI) compared with those who did not (NO EPI). A significantly increased incidence of pulmonary complications was noted in patients who required tube thoracostomy ( p = 0.017). Conclusion In our experience, insertion of a thoracic epidural catheter early post-injury failed to reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications, ICU and hospital LOS. However, since pulmonary complications are more frequent in patients requiring tube thoracostomy, the cost-effectiveness of epidural analgesia in these patients warrants further investigation.
NEW RECORDS AND A NEW SPECIES OF HIPPOLYTID SHRIMP FROM THE NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC (DECAPODA, CARIDEA)

Heptacarpus yaldwyni wird als neue Art beschrieben. Die Verbreitung dieser Garneele reicht weiter sudlich und in tiefere Regionen als die anderer Heptacarpus-Arten. Auf beiden Seiten des Rostrums befindet sich an der Basis ein kleiner Dorn. Eualus barbalus und E. berkeleyorum werden zum ersten Mal aus Kalifornien gemeldet. Spirontocaris truncata wurde vor Baja California, Mexico, gesammelt.
A New High Precision Differential Spectrometer: Construction, Characteristics, And Capabilities

A unique differential spectrometer has been developed for the quantitative examination of surfaces. It combines a tuneable pulsed dye laser light source, a flexible precision sample holder, silicon photodiode-in-integrating sphere detectors, and a desktop computer controller/analyzer. This combination enables very precise measurements--twiddlel% systematic errors and twiddle.02% random errors in reflection and transmission measurements. The spectrome-ter has been applied to the investigation of the structure of various component films used in semiconductor devices and in a basic study of the molecular-molecular interactions of dyes adsorbed on surfaces. With only minor modifications, this device can make transient spectroscopy measurements with a resolution of twiddle 10 nsec. It can also be used for a variety of modulation spectroscopies. We will be exploring those areas in the future.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Measurement of the Ion Temperature in Laser-Driven Fusion

Using the time-of-flight technique, energy distribution measurements were made of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles emitted from laser implosions of DT gas in glass microshells. The number of nuclear reactions was determined by an absolute measurement of the number of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. From the width of the energy distributions, upper limits of the plasma ion temperature have been inferred.
Influence of phenotype and pharmacokinetics on β -blocker drug target pharmacogenetics

Two common polymorphisms in the β1-adrenergic receptor gene, Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly, are associated with variable antihypertensive response to metoprolol. We sought to determine whether similar pharmacogenetic associations were present with the negative chronotropic response phenotype to metoprolol. Metoprolol was titrated in 54 untreated hypertensive patients to achieve blood pressure control. We found no association between either resting or exercise heart rate at baseline (untreated) or in response to metoprolol by codon 389 genotype. In contrast, when compared by codon 49 genotype, Ser49 homozygotes had significantly higher resting heart rates at baseline (untreated) than Gly49 carriers (82±10 versus 74±11 bpm, respectively, P=0.016). When corrected for plasma concentration, we found no difference in reduction in exercise heart rate in response to metoprolol between Ser49 homozygotes and Gly49 carriers (0.75±0.11 versus 0.57±0.17%/ng/ml, respectively, P=0.37). However, if one fails to account for plasma concentration, trends toward a significant difference in heart rate reduction are seen between Ser49 homozygotes and Gly49 carriers (31% reduction versus 25% reduction, P=0.05). Our data suggest that neither the β1-adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly, nor the Ser49Gly polymorphisms are associated with variable negative chronotropic response to metoprolol. In addition, our data highlight the importance of measuring metoprolol concentration in order to account for variable pharmacokinetics and avoid misinterpretation of the data.
Rates of dissolution of aluminosilicates in seawater

Abstract Dissolution of eight clay minerals, four zeolites, and quartz in seawater has been monitored for 81/2 years. For most of the minerals, dissolution can be described as a first-order reaction in which dissolved silica approaches from undersaturation steady concentration values with time. Characteristic reaction rate constants ( k 1 ) are of the order of 10 −7 sec −1 . One of the zeolites, clinoptilolite, shows a different dissolution behavior: SiO 2 concentration in solution reaches a high value within one year, followed by a decline to a lower value, suggestive of precipitation of another silicate phase (possibly sepiolite). A mathematical solution is given for a kinetic equation combining the parabolic-rate and first-order rate processes. It is shown that in a wide range of silicate dissolution reactions taking place over long periods of time, the presence of the parabolic-rate dissolution processes cannot be detected, thereby making its inclusion in the kinetic equations unnecessary. The experimental rates of dissolution are comparable to the SiO 2 − dissolution rates in oceanic sediments near the sediment/water interface. But deeper in the sediment, the calculated dissolution rates are significantly lower than the near-interface and experimental values.
Phosphate Regulates Osteopontin Gene Transcription

Extracellular inorganic phosphate (ePi) is a key regulator of cementoblast behavior, both in vivo and in vitro, and results in a marked increase in osteopontin expression in vitro. To examine the molecular mechanisms involved in ePi induction of osteopontin gene expression, we transfected a series of osteopontin promoter-luciferase constructs into OCCM-30 cementoblasts. Our results demonstrate that ePi can directly induce osteopontin gene transcription. The region responsive to ePi signaling was localized to a 53-bp region of the promoter between −1454 and −1401 that contains a glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Mutation of the GRE abolished the ePi response, suggesting that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is required for ePi-mediated transcription. In addition, treatment of cells with the GR antagonist RU-486 (Mifepristone) prevented promoter activation by ePi. The results presented support a model demonstrating that inorganic phosphate regulates OPN gene transcription in cementoblasts through...
Management of porcelain aorta and calcified great vessels in coronary artery bypass grafting with off-pump and no-touch technology

A 69-year-old woman presented with postinfarct unstable angina and decreased ventricular function secondary to significant left main coronary artery stenosis in combination with total right coronary artery occlusion. We did successful off-pump coronary revascularization in this patient with severely calcified ascending aorta and great vessels, subtotal aortobiiliac stenoses, a history of previous stroke, and right carotid endarterectomy.
“Liberality” in children and adolescents

Abstract The research was conducted as an extension of Shepard and Hess' (1975) study on attitudes toward gender-role division in occupations and tasks. All students from 1st through 12th grades in one school district were presented with a questionnaire of 46 occupations and tasks. The respondent indicated whether each item should best be performed by a man, a woman, or either. As in the original study, liberality was defined as the number of “either” choices a respondent made. Results indicate that females are more liberal than males in their perceptions of gender-role division of the 46 occupations and tasks. Also, there was a significant relationship between grade level and liberality, with younger students being generally less liberal than older students. Results are discussed in light of new societal norms regarding nontraditional occupations and family lifestyle.
Surface ionization hysteresis phenomena

Abstract A detailed study of hysteresis phenomena in the surface ionization of cesium on polycrystalline metals has revealed a variety of reproducible effects and influences. Fine structure in the adsorption phase of temperature hysteresis on molybdenum, including multiple transition temperatures, was observed and is attributed to the polycrystallinity of the substrate. The influence of increasing cesium arrival flux (ion current density) is to decrease the magnitude of the temperature hysteresis until it disappears in the range from 10 −4 to 10 −1 A/cm 2 , varying with substrate. The time rate of change of temperature through the hysteresis region was shown to influence the magnitude of the temperature hysteresis, increasing rates causing increasingly larger apparent temperature hysteresis. A new phenomenon, an applied field hysteresis, has been observed in the region of temperature hysteresis for several substrates and a hysteresis loop spanning 1.5 orders of magnitude in ion current between 200 and 500 V/cm applied field is shown for a copper substrate. Hysteresis effects have been observed only for adsorbates with ionization potential less than the substrate work function.
3He on MgO: Nuclear magnetic relaxation properties

Using MgO powder as a substrate, the magnetic relaxation of 3He and adsorption isotherms of 3He and Kr have been measured. Relaxation data as a function of coverage were obtained at temperatures of 2.0,2.7, 3.5, and 4.2 K, and as a function of temperature at coverages of x = 0.84 and 1.0 monolayer. The Kr isotherms show steplike features whose size increases following an extended bakeout at 950 ‡C under vacuum. This is interpreted as indicating that the MgO surface consists of a mixture of uniform and nonuniform regions. Extended heating increases the fraction of the total surface area that is uniform. The values of T 2vs. coverage at T = 2 and 2.7 K are found to change from being roughly coverage independent to decreasing as x −3 at a coverage of x − 0.9, indicating a decrease in film mobility. At 3.5 and 4.2 K an approximately constant T 2is found at all coverages with no evidence of a sudden change of mobility. The low-temperature T 2data continue to decrease as the second layer forms, implying a low mobility for small second-layer coverages. On the basis of the relatively short values obtained for T 1 it is concluded that a relaxation mechanism in addition to dipolar coupling is present.
Calculations of the energy dependence of the angular distribution of photoelectrons from atomic oxygen

Abstract The angular distribution of photoelectrons ejected from the ground configuration of atomic oxygen is calculated and is found to differ markedly from previous predictions.
Resonant Phase Patterns in a Reaction-Diffusion System

Resonance regions similar to the Arnol'd tongues found in single oscillator frequency locking are observed in experiments using a spatially extended periodically forced Belousov-Zhabotinsky system. We identify six distinct 2:1 subharmonic resonant patterns and describe them in terms of the position-dependent phase and magnitude of the oscillations. Some experimentally observed features are also found in numerical studies of a forced Brusselator reaction-diffusion model.
Spectroscopy from Laser-produced Plasmas at Flare Temperatures

A discussion of laboratory spectra similar in temperatures and ion abundances to solar flare spectra is given. The laboratory spectra were obtained from high temperature plasmas produced by high power lasers and low inductance vacuum sparks. The current state of knowledge regarding line identifications in laboratory spectra is reviewed, and some of the results are used to identify lines in the high temperature solar flare spectrum in the 100 A region and in the 1000 A region. In addition, the physical dimensions and temperatures of the hot regions in the plasmas produced by the low inductance spark were recently measured, and a short summary of the results is given.
Ethanol Acutely Impairs the Renal Conservation of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney

The ethanol-induced increase in urinary folate excretion has been shown to decrease plasma folate levels and may contribute to the development of folate deficiency associated with alcoholism. The mechanism for this effect remains to be elucidated. The present studies were designed to examine the direct effect of ethanol on the renal handling of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-H4PteGlu), the physiological folate. Rats were given four consecutive hourly doses of ethanol (1 g/kg) or isocaloric doses of glucose solution orally. This treatment generated an average plasma ethanol level of 305 mg/dl. Kidneys from male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed 5 hr after initial treatment and perfused in vitro to eliminate any extrarenal effects that could confound interpretation of results. Ethanol was not added to the perfusate. These treatments had no effect on 5-CH3-H4PteGlu conservation by the isolated perfused rat kidney in comparison to experiments in which the animal received no treatment. Ethanol was then added directly to the perfusate to generate average concentrations of 293 mg/dl. The in vitro addition of ethanol significantly decreased the percentage reabsorption and increased the fractional excretion of 5-CH3-H4PteGlu in comparison to controls (kidneys perfused with or without an isocaloric dose of glucose). This effect did not become significant until the renal tissue was exposed to these levels of ethanol for 1 hr. These results indicate that ethanol directly impairs the renal conservation of 5-CH3-H4PteGlu.
Stacking Faults and 3C Quantum Wells in Hexagonal SiC Polytypes

The electronic driving force for growth of stacking faults (SF) in n-type 4H SiC under annealing and in operating devices is discussed. This involves two separate aspects: an overall thermodynamic driving force due to the capture of electrons in interface states and the barriers that need to be overcome to create dislocation kinks which advance the motion of partial dislocations and hence expansion of SF. The second problem studied in this paper is whether 3C SiC quantum wells in 4H SiC can have band gaps lower than 3C SiC. First-principles band structure calculations show that this is not the case due to the intrinsic screening of the spontaneous polarization fields.
Association of surgery with improved survival in stage IV breast cancer patients.

Objective:This study aims to examine the role of surgery in patients with stage IV breast cancer.Background:Historically, women who present with metastatic breast cancer are not offered surgical treatment. However, recent reports indicate that surgery may improve outcome. Using a large database of w
Comparisons between laboratory and field results of frost tolerance of pines from the southern USA and Mesoamerica planted as exotics.

An artificial freezing study was conducted with 14 pine species and varieties from Mexico and Central America, and the southern and western USA. The pines chosen represented major commercial plantation species in the Southern Hemisphere such as Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, P. taeda (multiple sources), P. patula and P. radiata, as well as promising species such as P. greggii, P. maximinoi and P. tecunumanii. Seedlings were grown in environmentally controlled growth chambers in the North Carolina State University Phytotron, and conditions were designed to mimic actual climatic conditions at Curitiba, Brazil, and Sabie, South Africa, located at approximately 25° S latitude. Early autumn conditions were simulated using shortened photoperiods and lower temperatures to harden the trees before the actual freeze testing. There were two freeze experiments: one containing tropical and subtropical material using four temperature treatments (-3, -7, -10, and -14 °C), and one containing temperate and subtropical m...
Ionizing Radiation Exposure Results in Up-regulation of Ku70 via a p53/Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated Protein-dependent Mechanism

Genome damaging events, such as gamma-irradiation exposure, result in the induction of pathways that activate DNA repair mechanisms, halt cell cycle progression, and/or trigger apoptosis. We have investigated the effects of gamma-irradiation on cellular levels of the Ku autoantigens. Ku70 and Ku80 have been shown to form a heterodimeric complex that can bind tightly to free DNA ends and activate the protein kinase DNA-PKcs. We have found that irradiation results in an up-regulation of cellular levels of Ku70, but not Ku80, and that this enhanced level of Ku70 accumulates within the nucleus. Further, we uncovered that the postirradiation up-regulation of Ku70 utilizes a mechanism that is dependent on both p53 and damage response protein kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated); however, the activation of DNA-PK does not require Ku70 up-regulation. These findings suggest that Ku70 up-regulation provides the cell with a means of assuring either proper DNA repair or an appropriate response to DNA damage independent of DNA-PKcs activation.
Ab-initio shell model with a core

We construct effective two- and three-body Hamiltonians for the $p$-shell by performing $12\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\Omega}$ ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for $A=6$ and 7 nuclei and explicitly projecting the many-body Hamiltonians onto the $0\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\Omega}$ space. We then separate these effective Hamiltonians into inert core, one- and two-body contributions (also three-body for $A=7$) and analyze the systematic behavior of these different parts as a function of the mass number $A$ and size of the NCSM basis space. The role of effective three- and higher-body interactions for $Ag6$ is investigated and discussed.
NMR structure of duplex DNA containing the alpha-OH-PdG.dA base pair: a mutagenic intermediate of acrolein.

Acrolein, a cell metabolic product and main component of cigarette smoke, reacts with DNA generating α-OH-PdG lesions, which have the ability to pair with dATP during replication thereby causing G to T transversions. We describe the solution structure of an 11-mer DNA duplex containing the mutagenic α-OH-PdGdA base pair intermediate, as determined by solution NMR spectroscopy and retrained molecular dynamics simulations. The NMR data support a mostly regular right-handed helix that is only perturbed at its center by the presence of the lesion. Undamaged residues of the duplex are in anti orientation, forming standard Watson-Crick base pairs alignments. Duplication of proton signals at and near the damaged base pair reveals the presence of two enantiomeric duplexes, thus establishing the exocyclic nature of the lesion. The α- OH-PdG adduct assumes a syn conformation pairing to its partner dA base that is protonated at pH 6.6. The three-dimensional structure obtained by restrained molecular dynamics simulations show hydrogen bond interactions that stabilize α-OH-PdG in a syn conformation and across the lesion containing base pair. We discuss the implications of the structures for the mutagenic bypass of acrolein lesions.
Proteus: Mythology to modern times.

Aims: It is common knowledge that proteus bacteria are associated with urinary tract infections and urinary stones. Far more interesting however, is the derivation of the word proteus. This study examines the origin of the word proteus, its mythological, historical and literary connections and evolution to present-day usage. Materials and Methods: A detailed search for primary and secondary sources was undertaken using the library and internet. Results: Greek mythology describes Proteus as an early sea-god, noted for being versatile and capable of assuming many different forms. In the 8 th century BC, the ancient Greek poet, Homer, famous for his epic poems the Iliad and Odyssey, describes Proteus as a prophetic old sea-god, and herdsman of the seals of Poseidon, God of the Sea. Shakespeare re-introduced Proteus into English literature, in the 15 th century AD, in the comedy The Two Gentleman of Verona, as one of his main characters who is inconstant with his affections. The 'elephant man' was afflicted by a severely disfiguring disease, described as 'Proteus syndrome'. It is particularly difficult to distinguish from neurofibromatosis, due to its various forms in different individuals. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word 'protean' as to mean changeable, variable, and existing in multiple forms. Proteus bacteria directly derive their name from the Sea God, due to their rapid swarming growth and motility on agar plates. They demonstrate versatility by secreting enzymes, which allow them to evade the host's defense systems. Conclusions: Thus proteus, true to its name, has had a myriad of connotations over the centuries.
Evaluation of Cardiac Arrhythmia among Athletes

Due to the growing awareness of exercise-related arrhythmias and improved sensitivity of diagnostic modalities, physicians are increasingly faced with choices that may have life-changing impact for the athlete. This article surveys recent research and expert opinion addressing benign and pathogenic cardiac changes underlying arrhythmias in athletes.
SUMO weighs in on a photoreceptor finish.

In the developing retina the nuclear hormone receptor Nr2e3 has dual roles, promoting expression of rod-specific genes and repressing expression of cone specific genes. In a recent issue of Neuron , Onishi et al. show that PIAS3-mediated SUMOylation of Nr2e3 plays an essential role in the specification of rod photoreceptors by converting Nr2e3 to a potent repressor of cone gene expression.
Some shell-model calculations using realistic interactions

Abstract A shell-model calculation of 42Ca, 92Zr, and 18O is described in which the nuclear states are assumed to belong to configurations involving two nucleons outside a closed shell and in which the residual interaction is taken to be Green's velocity-dependent potential and Tabakin's separable potential, both of which reproduce the free two-nucleon scattering data. The two potential yield similar two-particle matrix elements. Some of the J = 0 diagonal matrix elements are small and even positive; some off-diagonal ones are large. The energy spectra of the nuclei are similar; configuration mixing is important. The agreement with experiment is very poor. This may be due to using these interactions as residual shell-model interactions. It is more probably due to not including core excitation in the calculation.
Electrolyzed water and its corrosiveness on various surface materials commonly found in food processing facilities

ASTM A-36 medium carbon steel, 110 copper, 3003-H14 aluminum, polyvinylchloride (PVC) type 1 and 304 stainless steel coupons were immersed in electrolyzed (EO) water, chlorine water, modified EO water and deionized water for a period of 8 days, and the properties of these types of water, weights and surface roughness of the coupons were monitored. EO water significantly increased (P < 0.05) the surface roughness of carbon steel, aluminum and copper with time; however, chlorine water, modified EO water and deionized water produced minimal changes on these materials. Regardless of the treatment water used, the surface roughness of stainless steel and PVC essentially remained the same. Carbon steel, copper, aluminum and stainless steel had a fair, good, good and outstanding corrosion resistance in EO water, respectively. Chlorine and modified EO water had a much less corrosive effect than EO water on all the materials tested.
Corticotropin-releasing factor: a physiologic regulator of adrenal epinephrine secretion.

Abstract Pituitary adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion following stress is mediated primarily by the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the brain. We have hypothesized that stress-induced alterations of autonomic nervous system activity also may be dependent on CRF release within the brain because administration of CRF into the brain produces changes in autonomic nervous system function that are similar to those observed following exposure to various types of stress. We now report confirmation of this hypothesis with studies using a CRF receptor antagonist. The CRF receptor antagonist, α-helical CRF 9–41 , placed into the brains of rats suppressed stress-induced elevations of plasma epinephrine levels. Thus, CRF appears to be physiologically involved in coordinating the pituitary and autonomic nervous system responses to stress.
Intellectual Abilities and Psychological Intensities in Young Children: Implications for the Gifted.

While empirical literature supports the conception of intellectually gifted children as emotionally well adjusted, such children are often described as possessing potential problem characteristics (psychological “intensities") related to their superior cognitive abilities. This preliminary study investigated relationships between parent perceived intensities of a heterogeneous sample of preschool‐age children and standardized measures of intelligence and creativity. Total intensity scores as measured by a parent questionnaire correlated negatively with children's chronological age and positively with intelligence scores. Factor analysis of questionnaire items yielded seven intensity factors. Several significant correlations were found between intensity factors and chronological age and intelligence measures. Results were interpreted as lending some support to the observation that, while bright children tend to display positive self concepts, they may also tend to possess some characteristics that may brin...
Adsorption and decomposition of acetylene on vanadium (100), (110), and (111) surfaces; the effect of large d orbitals

Abstract Four physical variables affect C≡C bond activation on transition metal surface: metal atom arrangement, d band position, d band occupation and d orbital size. The large d orbitals of vanadium are found in an atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital theory study to be responsible for the high activity of vanadium surfaces compared to iron, platinum and nickel. The large d orbitals lead to large vanadium d-carbon p overlap integrals. Acetylene is predicted to dissociate with no barrier into CH fragments at all sites on all large surface cluster models studied. On the μ π sites of V(111) interaction is found between acetylene and a third-layer atom of this open surface. Interaction with the third layer cause the CH fragments, which form when acetylene dissociates, to bond tilted to the surface in a three-fold site involving first-, second- and third-layer atoms. Barriers to CH dissociation on the surfaces are also relatively small because of high orbital overlap between the hydrogen 1s and large vanadium d orbitals. On small 6- and 7-atom clusters of the (111) surface a small barrier to C≡C dissociation is found in a μ π site and for undissociated acetylene in this site the tilting of the molecule brings a CH close to a top-layer metal atom. A σ donation interaction from CH to the surface atom results in a significant bond stretch.
780: Utilization of echocardiogram in chronic hypertensive women who are pregnant

hypertensive women who are pregnant Karen Wilson, Scott Roberts, Donald McIntire, James M. Alexander University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dallas, TX OBJECTIVE: To determine if routinely obtained echocardiograms are indicated in chronic hypertensive women who are pregnant. STUDY DESIGN: All women with chronic hypertension requiring medication for blood pressure control are referred to a specialty clinic. We routinely obtain echocardiograms, in these women, as routine evaluation of their hypertensive disease when they initially present for prenatal care. For this analysis, we compared maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with and without cardiac findings on echocardiogram from January 2008 through December 2010. None of the women had evidence of heart disease at the time of echocardiogram other than their diagnosis of chronic hypertension. RESULTS: Outcomes were analyzed in 125 women with chronic hypertension and 88 women had normal echocardiograms while 37 women had abnormal echocardiograms. There was found to be no significant differences in maternal outcomes and the incidence of preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Abnormal echocardiogram findings are common in women with chronic hypertension; however pregnancy outcomes are not impacted by these findings if they are otherwise asymptomatic.
Asynchronous decoding of grasp aperture from human ECoG during a reach-to-grasp task

Recent studies in primate neurophysiology have focused on decoding multi-joint kinematics from single unit and local field potential recordings. However, the extent to which these results can be generalized to human subjects is not known. We have recorded simultaneous electrocorticographic (ECoG) and hand kinematics in a human subject performing reach-grasp-hold of objects varying in shape and size. All Spectral features in various gamma bands (30–50 Hz, 70–100 Hz and 100–150 Hz frequency bands) were able to predict the time course of grasp aperture with high correlation (max r = 0.80) using as few as one ECoG feature from a single electrode (max r for single feature = 0.75) in single trials without prior knowledge of task timing. These results suggest that the population activity captured with ECoG contains information about coordinated finger movements that potentially can be exploited to control advanced upper limb neuroprosthetics.
A parallel thinning algorithm for 3-D pictures

Abstract A parallel algorithm for three-dimensional object thinning is presented. The concept of connectivity in 3-D digital pictures is studied, and two approaches, path connectivity and surface connectivity, are discussed. Criteria to avoid excessive deletion and preserve connectivity are described. The implementation of the algorithm and examples are provided.
Conceptual Tools for Research on Race and Social Problems: An Overview of Dynamic Theory and Model Development

Although interpersonal, group processes and inter-group relationships are dynamic phenomena, researchers have studied these phenomena in a static manner. This article provides an overview of system dynamic modeling to bring greater attention to the importance of dynamic theoretical formulations and presents important concepts and tools that can facilitate movement in this direction. Important concepts for theory development are delineated, and various reasons why the field has a penchant for static theoretical formulations are explored. A set of tools and concepts from system dynamics is presented to guide dynamic thinking and future theory building.
Erythema multiforme: direct immunofluorescence studies and detection of circulating immune complexes.

The immunologic parameters of 23 patients with erythema multiforme who were seen by us (17 patients) or who had biopsies sent for immunofluorescence testing (6 cases) are reviewed. Biopsy specimens were sectioned and tested with labeled antisera to human IgG, IgA, 1gM, C3 and fibrin. Fourteen biopsies showed 1gM deposits in the superficial blood vessels, 13 demonstrated C3, 15 showed fibrin deposition, and 1 biopsy showed IgA deposition. All biopsies were negative for IgG. Eight serum samples tested by indirect IF were negative for skin-reactive antibodies. In addition to IF testing, serum samples from 20 patients were tested for circulating immune complexes with a Clq binding radioassay and a monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) inhibition assay. Immune complexes were not detected by the Clq binding assay, but 6 of 20 serum samples demonstrated low to moderate levels of immune complexes by the mRF inhibition assay. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation the mRF-reactive material in one serum sample sedimented in high molecular weight fractions and also demonstrated anticomplementary activity. These findings suggest that immune complex formation and subsequent deposition in the cutaneous microvasculature may play a role in the pathogenesis of erythema multiforme.
Some applications of Homme's coverant control therapy: Two case reports

A case illustrating the application of Homme's coverant control therapy, and one which describes an extension of it, are discussed. The first case involves strengthening coverants to increase the probability of desired operants and the second uses operants for inducing coverant change. In both cases, an index-card self-verbalization procedure is employed to modify undesirable behavior. The procedure is presented in the context of Beck's cognitive therapy and a broad-based behavior therapy.
Using cryo-EM to measure the dipole potential of a lipid membrane

The dipole potential of a lipid bilayer membrane accounts for its much larger permeability to anions than cations and affects the conformation and function of membrane proteins. The absolute value of the dipole potential has been very difficult to measure, although its value has been estimated to range from 200 to 1,000 mV from ion translocation rates, the surface potential of lipid monolayers, and molecular dynamics calculations. Here, a point charge probe method was used to investigate the dipole potentials of both ester and ether lipid membranes. The interactions between electrons and lipid molecules were recorded by phase-contrast imaging using cryo-EM. The magnitude and the profile of the dipole potential along the bilayer normal were obtained by subtracting the contribution of the atomic potential from the cryo-EM image intensity. The peak dipole potential was estimated to be 510 and 260 mV for diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine and diphytanylphosphatidylcholine, respectively.
What's Wrong with Preventive War? The Moral and Legal Basis for the Preventive Use of Force

The question of the legitimacy of preventive war has been at the center of the debate about the proper response to terrorism and the legitimacy of the Iraq War. One side has argued that preventive war is a legitimate and necessary tool for nations to use in defense against terrorists; the other side has claimed that war is permissible only in self-defense, and that therefore the preventive use of military force is unjustified both legally and morally. In this essay I attempt to clarify the terms of this debate by demonstrating that neither side is precisely correct. Both under Just War Doctrine and common sense morality, preventive war is indeed justifiable, so long as it satisfies the basic requirements for going to war such as necessity and proportionality. However, under the current international law regime governed by the United Nations Charter, the use of preventive international force is restricted to the Security Council alone. Individual nation states are permitted to use international force only in self-defense. The rise of international terrorism does not by itself change this situation; preventive force against terrorist organization is permissible and appropriate, but it must be authorized by the Security Council in order to be legitimate. Only if the Council proved wholly ineffective in exercising its authority would the right to preventive war revert to individual nations. For all the shortcomings of the United Nations, however, I argue we have not reached a state of total breakdown of international authority sufficient to justify a return to the legitimacy of unilateral preventive war.