cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A web interface to image-based concurrent markup using image maps

Image-based electronic editions (IBEEs) encode manuscripts using markup based on digitized images of the manuscript page. Due to the complex nature of editorial annotations, the resulting markup rarely forms a hierarchical structure---that is, ranges often overlap. To support web-based access to these editions, it is desirable to synchronize the display of markup and related satellite data with the corresponding portions of the image. This goal can be supported by image maps, which associate regions of an image with hyperlinks and actions. These links allow the user to view and manage editorial information and multimedia content associated with the markup.In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for constructing a mapping from overlapping or intersecting markup to regions of an image. This mapping satisfies four properties: (1) Regions are located near the corresponding text. (2) Regions corresponding to nested markup elements are themselves nested. (3) Regions corresponding to intersecting markup elements themselves intersect. (4) If region R contains a collection C of other regions, then R is strictly larger than the union of the regions in C.The fourth property above ensures spatial separation of the regions corresponding to nested markup. An image map satisfying these properties provides a convenient and intuitive linking between image coordinates and the corresponding markup ranges.
Formulation of pseudoparabolic boundary control problems

Abstract Boundary control of a pseudoparabolic problem is studied. The trace of a solution y ( T ; ϑ ) corresponding to a control ϑ is shown to belong to L 2 (Ω) and continuity properties are established. Two concrete examples are considered and regularity properties of the optimal control are determined in each case.
One-dimensional spin-glass model with long-range random interactions

We consider an Ising chain with Hamiltonian $H=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{igj}^{}\frac{({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{ij}}{S}_{i}{S}_{j})}{{(a|i\ensuremath{-}j|)}^{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$, where the ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ are independent random variables. We find a phase transition for $\frac{1}{2}l\ensuremath{\sigma}l1$. For $\frac{1}{2}l\ensuremath{\sigma}l\frac{2}{3}$ the critical exponents exhibit mean-field classical behavior. Near $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1$ we find a smoothly varying specific heat. We investigate the critical behavior near the upper and lower critical range by means of an $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion around $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1 \mathrm{and} \frac{2}{3}$.
Unsymmetrical 1,4-Diazabutadiene Complexes of Platinum(II)

The new unsymmetrical 1,4-diazabutadiene ligand glyoxal bis(2-(methoxymethyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)diimine (L) and its reduced analog (LH4) were synthesized. The reactions of both ligands with b...
Recent advances in the pharmacology of catecholamines

The availability of dopamine and dobutamine and the possibility of combined use of sympathomimetic amines provides a broad spectrum of haemodynamic effects available for therapy. As shown in Table 2, isoproterenol produces the greatest vasodilation and norepinephrine, the greatest vasoconstriction with dobutamine and dopamine in intermediate positions. Greater flexibility can be obtained by conjoint administration of sympathomimetic amines or by administering alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, or nitroprusside with dopamine or norepinephrine.
Belyi-Extending Maps and the Galois Action on Dessins d'Enfants

We study the absolute Galois group by looking for invariants and orbits of its faithful action on Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfants. We define a class of functions called Belyi-extending maps, which we use to construct new Galois invariants of dessins from previously known invariants. Belyi-extending maps are the source of “new-type” relations on the injection of the absolute Galois group into the ∆
Statistics of Conservative Scalars in the Convective Boundary Layer

Abstract We represent the three-dimensional, time-dependent field of a passive, conservative scalar in the conservative boundary layer as the sum of “top-down” and “bottom-up” components created by the scalar fluxes through the top and bottom, respectively. A simple similarity hypothesis for these component fields allows us to extract their statistics from large-eddy simulations of the boundary layer. We find that the top-down and bottom-up fields are strongly correlated, but that their statistics are quite different. Analysis of the budgets of their fluxes and variances shows clearly some of the differences between top-down and bottom-up diffusion. We present simple formulas for scalar variance profiles which are in good agreement with observations.
Elastic and inertial effects in pulsatile flow of polymeric liquids in circular tubes

Abstract In the earlier theoretical work of Barnes, Townsend, and Walters on pulsatile flow of viscoelastic fluids, it was found that an Oldroyd model predicted that flow enhancement should decrease with increasing frequency of pulsation, whereas their experimental data showed an increase . Their calculations have been repeated for the Goddard—Miller model using two different expressions for the relaxation modulus; it is found that the Goddard—Miller model leads to the same discrepancy between theory and experiment. It is tentatively concluded that secondary-flow effects are playing an important role. The role of the elastic and inertial effects and the role of the shape of the viscosity vs. shear rate curve are discussed.
The study of fixture stiffness Part II: contact stiffness identification between fixture components.

This paper describes an experimental investigation to estimate the contact stiffness in normal and tangential directions. The static method was used to estimate normal contact stiffness and to study the effecting factors. In order to study tangential contact stiffness, dynamic methods were developed to estimate contact stiffness in both normal and tangential directions. That study is validated by the results of the static method in the identification of normal contact stiffness.
Antiplatelet agents used for early intervention in acute coronary syndrome: Myocardial salvage versus bleeding complications

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a costly health care issue worldwide. Numerous well-conducted clinical trials have demonstrated that early intervention is associated with the greatest long-term survival, better myocardial preservation, and improved quality of life. Consequently, inpatient cardiovascular procedures in the United States have increased over 4-fold since 1979. Notably, the use of antiplatelet therapies has increased well beyond this number and has affected the management of the one-quarter million patients who undergo cardiac surgery each year. The use of antithrombotic agents carries a risk of minor and major bleeding, notably when patients undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the early phase of ACS, the time at which antithrombotic use is greatest and most effective. Concerns over excess bleeding in patients undergoing CABG may lead to withholding antiplatelet agents, perhaps sacrificing early benefit for some patients. The use of blood products, notably platelet transfusions, to treat bleeding has shortand longterm risks that have not yet been balanced against the risks of decreased myocardial survival associated with nonuse of antiplatelet therapy. A better understanding of the risks and benefits associated with early antiplatelet therapy is necessary to improve the outcomes of all patients with ACS, including those who undergo CABG.
Relative susceptibilities to neuraminidase of the glycoproteins of the human erythrorcyte

Abstract Release of sialic acid from the glycoproteins of the normal human erythrocyte surface by neuraminidase was investigated. The glycoproteins of the membrane were separated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. Sialic acid was determined in the sliced gel by a modification of the 2-thiobarbituric acid method, revealing three sialic acid-containing glycoproteins. Treatment of intact erythrocytes with neuraminidase to remove varying amounts of sialic acid indicates that all the glycoproteins are essentially equally accessible to the neuraminidase when 20%–60% of the sialic acid is removed. Similar but not quite identical results were obtained with isolated erythrocyte membranes. Treatment of intact cells with the lectins concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin-P resulted in shielding of about 25% and 50%, respectively, of the sialic acid from neuraminidase. Concanavalin A blocked sialic acid release over long time periods and with high concentrations of neuraminidase. In contrast, the sialic acid shielding by phytohemagglutinin-P can be overcome by high concentrations of neuraminidase. Both lectins were found to shield the various glycoproteins selectively, with different patterns of shielding. Wheat germ agglutinin exhibited no detectable effect on the susceptibility of the erythrocyte sialic acid to neuraminidase.
Product Market Competition and Upstream Innovation: Evidence from the U.S. Electricity Market Deregulation

This paper studies the innovation response of upstream technology suppliers when their downstream buyers transition from regulation to competition. By modeling the impact of the 1990s U.S. electricity deregulation on patenting, we find that after deregulation, the net competition effect (comprising the pure competition and the escape competition effect) decreased innovation by 18.3% and the appropriation effect increased innovation by 19.6%. Other deregulation factors have led to a 20.6% decline. In aggregate, after deregulation, innovation by the upstream technology suppliers has declined by 19.3%, and upstream innovation quality and generality have declined as well.
Scope and Mechanism of Homogeneous Tantalum/Iridium Tandem Catalytic Alkane/Alkene Upgrading using Sacrificial Hydrogen Acceptors

An in-depth investigation of a dual homogeneous catalyst system for the coupling of alkanes and alkenes based on an early-/late-transition-metal pairing is reported. The system is composed of Cp*TaCl2(alkene) for alkene dimerization and pincer-iridium hydrides for alkane/alkene transfer hydrogenation. Because there is no kinetically relevant interaction between the two catalysts, the tandem mechanism can be entirely described using the two independent catalytic cycles. The alkene dimerization mechanism is characterized by an entropically disfavored pre-equilibrium between Cp*TaCl2(1-hexene) + 1-hexene and Cp*TaCl2(metallacyclopentane) (ΔH° = −22(2) kcal/mol; ΔS° = −16(2) eu); thus, the overall rate of alkene dimerization is positive order in 1-hexene (exhibiting saturation kinetics), and increases only modestly with temperature. In contrast, the rate of 1-hexene/n-heptane transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by t-Bu[PCP]IrH4 is inverse order in 1-hexene and increases substantially with temperature. Styrene ha...
Reapportioning Time for Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Point of View

(1987). Reapportioning time for aphasia rehabilitation: A point of view. Aphasiology: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 59-73.
Bioclimatic characterisation of an urban area: a case study in Bologna (Italy)

Summer bioclimatic discomfort is a significant public health problem. Bioclimatic characterisations of populations living in urban areas are usually very poor, although the risks are relatively higher in cities because of the phenomenon known as the “urban heat island”. We compared airport, rural, and urban bioclimatic conditions in terms of apparent temperature, Thom index, and temperature alone in several sites within a radius of approximately 25 km from the city of Bologna (Italy). The comparison between meteorological monitoring stations within and near the urban area showed the large impact of the urban heat island effect. Nighttime data showed the largest differences among the investigated sites. Minimum apparent temperatures at rural stations were about 3.5°C lower than the urban 30 m reference station, and 6°C lower than the 2 m urban site. The 2 m apparent temperature values within the urban area were several degrees higher (typically 2°C) than those taken above the roof, both for minimum and maximum values. Temporal trends in the different sites were highly correlated (generally above 0.90), but regression residuals were sometimes quite large. Finally, epidemiological implications are briefly addressed.
Meanings in Mid-Nineteenth Century Dress: Images from New England Women's Writings

This article draws on the writings, including diaries, letters, etiquette books, and popular fiction, of mid-nineteenth-century women to explore the roles and meanings of dress in everyday life in Victorian New England By mid-century, with the rapid change engendered by industrialization, immigration, and urbanization, individuals were especially concerned about their social position and were preoccupied with social front, the persona they presented with their attire.Women were the prime monitors of their own and their family's dress and were responsible for front, as well as assembly, upkeep, and management of clothing. Their sense of self was intimately tied up with appearance, and they struggled simultaneously to keep up-to-date and to avoid being too fashionable and thereby conspicuous. Women's writings about dress indicate a general acceptance of their prescribed roles, including modesty, domesticity, nurturance, thrift, and piety.Personal accounts mirror the great amount of backrtage labor that was ...
IN VIVO ACTIVATION ANALYSIS: PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

In vivo activation analysis has proved to be an analytical assay for the elemental composition of the human body. Applications have included the diagnosis of disease, the evaluation of therapeutic clinical interventions, the study of basic human physiology (especially of the aging process), and the development of reference standards for indirect measures of body composition. This paper will focus on the in vivo activation techniques currently in use and their future prospects, with an emphasis on body Ca, N, C and Cd. The prospects for delayed, prompt, and pulsed neutron activation will be included in the discussion.
Adult mildly retarded persons and their parents: The relationship between involvement and adjustment

The relationships of 29 mildly mentally retarded adults, who were living independently in the community, and their parents were examined. Analysis of ethnographic data from 18 months of participant observation of these mentally retarded adults and approximately 9 hours of parent interview revealed three types of parent-child relationships: Supportive, in which adult children were the most independent and had the highest self-esteem and in which parents promoted growth and development; Dependent, in which adults felt good about themselves but were over protected by their parents; and Conflict-ridden, in which adults were the least well-adjusted and parent-child interaction was discordant. The most salient finding was the relative lack of self-maintenance displayed by the mentally retarded adults in all three groups and the extensiveness of support provided by parents.
Copernicus, the orbs, and the equant

I argue that Copernicus accepted the reality of celestial spheres on the grounds that the equant problem is unintelligible except as a problem about real spheres. The same considerations point to a number of generally unnoticed liabilities of Copernican astronomy, especially gaps between the spheres, and the failure of some spheres to obey the principle that their natural motion is to rotate. These difficulties may be additional reasons for Copernicus's reluctance to publish, and also stand in the way of strict realism as applied to De Revolutionibus, although a realistic astronomy may be envisioned as a goal for Copernicus's research program.
Primary B-cell malignant lymphoma of the lung

Abstract A 52-year-old asymptomatic man was evaluated for two right lung lesions discovered on a chest roentgenogram during a routine physical examination. A computed tomographic scan revealed the absence of mediastinal nodal involvement. Guided-needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive. A subsequent right thoracotomy was necessary to perform biopsy of these masses, which preyed to be B-cell malignant lymphomas of the lung. This case represents a rare example of a primary lowgrade B-cell pulmonary lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, with its distinct clinicopathologic features.
REMARKS ON CONTROLLABILITIES OF GENERAL SYSTEMS

The characterizations of v-controllable systems, V'-controllable systems, where V is a set, collectively controllable systems and generally controllable input-output systems and general systems are given. The controllability of subsystems, free sum systems, cartesian product systems, and inverse limit systems, are studied.
Comparative Genomic Hybridization–Array Analysis Enhances the Detection of Aneuploidies and Submicroscopic Imbalances in Spontaneous Miscarriages

Miscarriage is a condition that affects 10%–15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies, most of which occur in the first trimester. Approximately 50% of first-trimester miscarriages result from fetal chromosome abnormalities. Currently, G-banded chromosome analysis is used to determine if large-scale genetic imbalances are the cause of these pregnancy losses. This technique relies on the culture of cells derived from the fetus, a technique that has many limitations, including a high rate of culture failure, maternal overgrowth of fetal cells, and poor chromosome morphology. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)–array analysis is a powerful new molecular cytogenetic technique that allows genomewide analysis of DNA copy number. By hybridizing patient DNA and normal reference DNA to arrays of genomic clones, unbalanced gains or losses of genetic material across the genome can be detected. In this study, 41 product-of-conception (POC) samples, which were previously analyzed by G-banding, were tested using CGH arrays to determine not only if the array could identify all reported abnormalities, but also whether any previously undetected genomic imbalances would be discovered. The array methodology detected all abnormalities as reported by G-banding analysis and revealed new abnormalities in 4/41 (9.8%) cases. Of those, one trisomy 21 POC was also mosaic for trisomy 20, one had a duplication of the 10q telomere region, one had an interstitial deletion of chromosome 9p, and the fourth had an interstitial duplication of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region on chromosome 15q, which, if maternally inherited, has been implicated in autism. This retrospective study demonstrates that the DNA-based CGH-array technology overcomes many of the limitations of routine cytogenetic analysis of POC samples while enhancing the detection of fetal chromosome aberrations.
IDT SciTools: a suite for analysis and design of nucleic acid oligomers

DNA and RNA oligomers are used in a myriad of diverse biological and biochemical experiments. These oligonucleotides are designed to have unique biophysical, chemical and hybridization properties. We have created an integrated set of bioinformatics tools that predict the properties of native and chemically modified nucleic acids and assist in their design. Researchers can select PCR primers, probes and antisense oligonucleotides, find the most suitable sequences for RNA interference, calculate stable secondary structures, and evaluate the potential for two sequences to interact. The latest, most accurate thermodynamic algorithms and models are implemented. This free software is available at http://www.idtdna.com/SciTools/SciTools.aspx.
Short note: A comparison of computational efficiencies of spectral difference method and correction procedure via reconstruction

We report computational efficiencies of two types of numerical solvers. The first type uses the spectral difference (SD) method and the second one uses the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR). In this paper, we employ the lumped g"2 scheme proposed by Huynh as an example of the CPR approach. The solvers deal with both inviscid Euler equations and Navier-Stokes equations on 2D unstructured grids which are comprised of all quadrilateral cells. Both types of solvers are programmed using Fortran 90 with similar management of data structures. We employ identical time marching schemes for both SD and CPR methods. Spatial 3rd and 4th order of accuracy for both methods is demonstrated by a study of a moving inviscid vortex. The comparisons were directed to measure the computational efficiency of both SD and CPR methods in spatial discretization. With respect to the fourth order methods, CPR is 27% faster than SD for inviscid flow, and more promisingly, CPR is over 40% faster than SD for viscous flow.
Computational and Crystallographic Studies of Pseudo-Polyhalides

Pseudo-polyhalides represent a relatively new class of compounds in which the dihalogen molecules of the polyhalide ions are replaced by organohalogen molecules. Like polyhalides, the anion structu...
GRUPO: a 3-D structure recognition system

significant features, to limit the object and viewpoint search spaces in recognition. The system receivesfeature data from a segmentation based on perceptual organization and ranks the object space according toestimates of conditional object probabilities. Depth information is not used in the approach.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY-INDUCED ANOMALIES IN THE SPIN EXCITATION SPECTRA OF UNDERDOPED YBA2CU3O6+X

Polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering have been used to determine the effect of superconductivity on the magnetic excitation spectra of YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.5}$ $({T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}52\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ and YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.7}$ $({T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}67\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. Pronounced enhancements of the spectral weight centered around 25 and 33 meV, respectively, are observed below ${T}_{c}$ in both crystals, compensated predominantly by a loss of spectral weight at higher energies. The data provide important clues to the origin of the 40 meV magnetic resonance peak in YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$.
Excess enthalpies for (ethane + butan-1-ol) at (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K and at (5, 10, and 15) MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpies H m E are reported for (ethane + ethanol) at the temperatures (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K and at pressures of (5, 10, and 15) MPa. According to Scott and van Konynenburg's classification, (ethane + ethanol) is a type V mixture which is distinguished by a discontinuous critical curve and a miscibility gap with upper and lower critical end points. The measurements have been made at temperatures and pressures that span the critical locus. At 10 MPa and 15 MPa, miscible mixtures are formed at all three temperatures over the entire range of composition, but (vapor + liquid) phase separation occurs at the higher temperatures at 5 MPa. The results are explained in terms of chemical, physical, and structural effects.
Inhomogeneous magnetic response in anyon fluid at high temperature

The charged anyon fluid in the presence of an externally applied constant and homogeneous magnetic field is investigated at temperatures larger than the energy gap (T ≫ ωc). It is shown that the applied magnetic field inhomogeneously penetrates the sample with a spatial periodicity depending on a wavelength that decreases with temperature. The distribution of charges in the (T ≫ ωc)-phase acquires a periodic spatial arrangement.
A copyright challenge to resales of digital music

A currently pending case will have significant implications for secondary markets in digital goods.
A STUDY OF VACCINAL IMMUNITY IN TISSUE CULTURES

Normal corneas inoculated in vitro with vaccine virus and then cultivated in antivaccinal plasma developed typical vaccinal lesions associated with Guarnieri bodies. In such cultures, after an incubation period of 24 or 48 hours, active vaccine virus was demonstrated by means of appropriate methods. Immune corneas inoculated in vitro with vaccine virus and then cultivated in normal or in antivaccinal plasma revealed either very mild vaccinal lesions or none at all. In some of the cultures after 24 and 48 hours of incubation, active vaccine virus was demonstrated.
In Vitro Modifications of Red Cell Acetylcholinesterase Activity

Summary. This review summarizes the present knowledge with respect to in vitro modifications of human red cell acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). While the functions of this enzyme in the red cell remain obscure, its physico-chemical and biochemical properties as well as its position within the red cell membrane are better understood. Of the enzymes recognized in the membrane of the human red cell, alterations in activity associated with pathological conditions are found regularly only with ACHE. Thus, ACHE activity is reduced in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn and occasionally in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. This review provides a summary of the work from many laboratories concerning the action of exogenous substances on the red cell with special emphasis on the in vitro production of ACHE-deficient red cells and its relation to other membrane alterations. These substances include proteolytic enzymes, antibiotics, sulphydryl compounds, tannic acid, aldehydes, fluorinated dinitrobenzenes and tetraphenylboron.
Youth Development Program Participation and Intentional Self-Regulation Skills: Contextual and Individual Bases of Pathways to Positive Youth Development.

Abstract The present research used data from Grades 8, 9, and 10 of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, a longitudinal study involving U.S. adolescents, in order to better elucidate the process through which the strengths of youth and the ecological resources promoting healthy development (such as out-of-school-time programs) may contribute to thriving. We examined the relationship between adolescents’ self-regulation skills (selection, optimization, and compensation) and their participation in youth development (YD) programs across Grades 8 and 9 in predicting Grade 10 PYD and Contribution. Results indicated that while self-regulation skills alone predicted PYD, self regulation and YD program participation both predicted Contribution. In addition, Grade 8 YD participation positively predicted Grade 9 self regulation, which, in turn, predicted Grade 10 PYD and Contribution. We discuss how the alignment of youth strengths and resources within the environment may promote positive youth development.
Thermal dissolution of aluminum oxide layers on tungsten and molybdenum 〈111〉 and on tungsten {110} in the presence of electric fields

Aluminum oxide layer dissolution was studied in the area of W〈111〉, Mo〈111〉 and on W{110} by means of FEM. Activation energies were measured between 700 and 1200 K as a function of the electric field strength (−45 to + 105 MV/cm). At lower fields the layer molecules move over an activation barrier E0 into a diffusion layer (E0F = E00 + ΔμF; W〈111〉, E00 = 1.5 eV and Δμ = 3.0 D; Mo〈111〉, E00 = 1.0 eV and Δμ = 2.7 D; E0F = E00 − ΔμF; W{110}, E00 = 3.2 eV), At higher fields singly charged positive ions are emitted over a reduced Schottky barrier (E+F =E+0 − n32e32F12; W〈111〉, e+0 = 5.0 eV; Mo〈111〉,E+0 = 4.5 eV; W{110}, 0 = 5.1 eV). It is assumed that aluminum suboxides — preferentially AlO — are involved in the dissolution process.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry characterization of recombinant hydrophobic mutants containing the GCN4 basic region/leucine zipper motif

We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to characterize hydrophobic, alanine-rich mutants of the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) protein GCN4. These bacterially expressed proteins were generated to probe how small, α-helical proteins bind specific DNA sites. Enzymatic digestion mapping combined with MALDI-TOF MS characterization of protein fragments allowed us to resolve mass discrepancies between the expected and observed molecular mass measurements. Changes in mass were attributed to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) by proteolytic cleavage of the initiating methionine residue, carbamylation at the amino terminus, oxidation of histidine side chains, and oxidative addition of β-mercaptoethanol (BME) at the cysteine side chain. Proteins can undergo a wide variety of co-translational modifications and PTMs during growth, isolation, and purification. Such changes in mass can only be detected by a high-resolution technique such as MALDI, which in conjunction with enzymatic digestion mapping, becomes a powerful methodology for characterization of protein structure.
Parties and Politics in the Early Republic 1789 - 1815

One. The Contributions of Federalist and Republic, 1789-1801 1 Problems of a New Nation 1 Public Credit and Majority Rule 15 Limits of the American Political Tradition 30 The Development of Parties 43 Two. Republican Domination, 1801-1815 57 Jefferson in Power 57 Federalist Extremism and Republican Schism 74 Jefferson Keeps the Peace 86 The War of 1812 93 Selected Bibliography 107 Index 113
Prognostic Value of Quality of Life and Pain in Patients with Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer

Background Care of patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) requires careful patient selection. While curative resection offers survival benefits, significant trade-offs exist for the patient. Knowledge of patient-reported outcomes will help inform treatment decisions.
A “Plastic” sutureless abdominal wall closure in gastroschisis

Abstract Background/purpose Several techniques are described for closure of the gastroschisis abdominal wall defect. The authors describe a technique that allows for spontaneous closure that is simple, cosmetically appealing, and minimizes intraabdominal pressure after bowel reduction. Methods Under either general anesthetic or analgesia with sedation, the gastroschisis bowel is decompressed, and the bowel is primarily reduced. The gastroschisis defect is covered with the umbilical cord tailored to fit the opening, and 2 Tegaderm (3M Healthcare, MN) dressings reinforce the defect ("plastic closure"). Intragastric pressure is monitored during and after the procedure. If primary reduction is not possible, the bowel is reduced daily via a spring-loaded silo (Bentec Medical, CA). After reduction of the bowel, the defect is allowed to close spontaneously using the "plastic closure" technique. The authors prospectively treated a cohort of patients with gastroschisis that included simple to complex cases using this technique. Results Ten children with gastroschisis were treated; 6 of these children had a primary reduction and simple closure of their defect using the "plastic closure." In the remaining 4 children, the plastic closure was used either primarily or secondarily to silo placement, despite the need for repair of complex intestinal anomalies. The average times to first feeding and discharge were 12.5 and 28.3 days, respectively. Six of the 10 children (60%) had small umbilical hernias, and only 1 underwent operative repair at 13 months of age. Conclusions The plastic closure of gastroschisis is simple, safe, and cosmetically appealing. Intraabdominal pressures are well controlled, and the umbilical position remains centrally located in this sutureless technique. Umbilical defects can occur but are observed for spontaneous closure like most primary umbilical hernias.
A mutation in the alpha 1-tubulin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii confers resistance to anti-microtubule herbicides

A mutation in the alpha 1-tubulin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was isolated by using the amiprophos-methyl-resistant mutation apm1-18 as a background to select new mutants that showed increased resistance to the drug. The upA12 mutation caused twofold resistance to amiprophos-methyl and oryzalin, and twofold hypersensitivity to the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol, suggesting that the mutation enhanced microtubule stability. The resistance mutation was semi-dominant and mapped to the same interval on linkage group III as the alpha 1-tubulin gene. Two-dimensional gel immunoblots of proteins in the mutant cells revealed two electrophoretically altered alpha-tubulin isoforms, one of which was acetylated and incorporated into microtubules in the axoneme. The mutant isoforms co-segregated with the drug-resistance phenotypes when mutant upA12 was backcrossed to wild-type cells. Two-dimensional gel analysis of in vitro translation products showed that the non-acetylated variant alpha-tubulin was a primary gene product. DNA sequence analysis of the alpha 1-tubulin genes from mutant and wild-type cells revealed a single missense mutation, which predicted a change in codon 24 from tyrosine in wild type to histidine in mutant upA12. This alteration in the predicted amino acid sequence corroborated the approximately +1 basic charge shift observed for the variant alpha-tubulins. The mutant allele of the alpha 1-tubulin gene was designated tua1-1.
Measuring manufacturing throughput using takt time analysis and simulation

This paper is motivated by a case study performed at a company that manufactures two main types of customized products. In an effort to significantly increase their throughput capability, the company created a new production scheme based on takt time calculations. To achieve a smooth flow of production, they desired low work in process (WIP) inventory in order to make all components move simultaneously. However, the order of operations in key shared resources implies that a simple takt time calculation cannot provide enough information in determining achievable throughput. The process includes several parallel assembly lines that "converge" to common resources. In certain cases, these components are joined into one unit; in other cases the components split again for further customization. We attempt to improve throughput using a combination of takt time and simulation by understanding how each stage of the system interacts with other stages.
On the Identification Problem

The identification problem involves the determination of the identity of a black box from the observation of its responses to a set of input signals. In this paper attention is focused on the identification of zero-memory multipoles and two-poles of class n_1 . The test signals are sine waves of different amplitudes and frequencies, and the measured quanity is the describing function of the device. In the case of two-poles of class n_1 , it is found that the describing function is related to the characteristic function by an integral equation of second order which can be solved explicitly by the use of the Fourier-Hankel transformation.
Optimal Transvenous Coil Position on Active-can Single-coil ICD Defibrillation Efficacy: A Simulation Study

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator with an active can and a single coil lead is effective in treating ventricular fibrillation, but the lead placement associated with the high defibrillation efficacy is still controversial and remains largely empirical. In this study, an anatomically realistic finite difference model of the thorax was developed based on MRI cross-sectional images of a human thorax to examine the effect of transvenous coil placement on defibrillation efficacy. Four electrode configurations with the coil was placed, respectively, in the right ventricular (RV) apex, in the middle of RV cavity, along the free wall in RV, or along the septal wall in RV, were simulated and their defibrillation efficacies were evaluated based on a set of metrics including voltage defibrillation threshold, current defibrillation threshold, interelectrode impedance, potential gradient distribution uniformity, current density distribution, and myocardium damage. It was found that the optimal electrode configuration is to position the coil in the middle of the RV cavity. The results were compared with the results from a simplified thoracic model. The comparison indicates that for a given electrode configuration a simplified representation of the thorax may overestimate defibrillation efficacy.
Polarization of Drosophila Neuroblasts During Asymmetric Division

During Drosophila development, neuroblasts divide to generate progeny with two different fates. One daughter cell self-renews to maintain the neuroblast pool, whereas the other differentiates to populate the central nervous system. The difference in fate arises from the asymmetric distribution of proteins that specify either self-renewal or differentiation, which is brought about by their polarization into separate apical and basal cortical domains during mitosis. Neuroblast symmetry breaking is regulated by numerous proteins, many of which have only recently been discovered. The atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is a broad regulator of polarity that localizes to the neuroblast apical cortical region and directs the polarization of the basal domain. Recent work suggests that polarity can be explained in large part by the mechanisms that restrict aPKC activity to the apical domain and those that couple asymmetric aPKC activity to the polarization of downstream factors. Polarized aPKC activity is created by a network of regulatory molecules, including Bazooka/Par-3, Cdc42, and the tumor suppressor Lgl, which represses basal recruitment. Direct phosphorylation byaPKC leadsto cortical release of basal domain factors, preventing them from occupying the apical domain. In this framework, neuroblast polarity arises from a complex system that orchestrates robust aPKC polarity, which in turn polarizes substrates by coupling phosphorylation to cortical release.
On Identifying Power Control Performing Sybil Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using RSSI

Abstract-In a sybil attack, the adversary compromises nodes in the network and assigns them multiple fake identities, commonly referred to as sybil identities. Sybil node attacks can be crippling for a wireless sensor network, which operates under the 'majority is right' assumption. As the sybil nodes behave as normal nodes they are hard to identify. With the nodes in the network being able to regulate their transmission power, identification of sybil nodes becomes more difficult. This is because, the existing identification techniques, which depend on localization of the nodes, will localize the transmission power regulating sybil nodes at positions that are different from the positions of their corresponding compromised nodes. Consequently, it is difficult to differentiate the sybil node from a normal node. In this paper, we propose an enhanced RSSI-based technique to identify sybil nodes when they are regulating their transmission power.We also prove a necessary condition on the placement of the SNs in the network to guarantee zero false positives. Simulation results show that our technique is able to identify more than 98% of the sybil nodes in the network on an average, while suffering from very low false positives.
Systems Biology via Redescription and Ontologies (III): Protein Classification Using Malaria Parasite's Temporal Transcriptomic Profiles

This paper addresses the protein classification problem, andexplores how its accuracy can be improved by using information fromtime-course gene expression data. The methods are tested on datafrom the most deadly species of the parasite responsible for malariainfections, Plasmodium falciparum. Even though avaccination for Malaria infections has been under intense study formany years, more than half of Plasmodiumproteins still remain uncharacterized and therefore are exemptedfrom clinical trials. The task is further complicated by arapid life cycle of the parasite, thus making precisetargeting of the appropriate proteins for vaccination a technicalchallenge. We propose to integrate protein-protein interactions (PPIs),sequence similarity, metabolic pathway, andgene expression, to produce a suitable set of predicted proteinfunctions for P.falciparum. Further,we treat gene expression data withrespect to various changes that occur during the five phases of theintraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) (as determinedby our segmentation algorithm) ofP.falciparum and show that this analysis yields asignificantly improved protein function prediction, e.g., whencompared to analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficients seenin the data. The algorithm is able to assign ``meaningful''functions to 628 out of 1439 previously unannotated proteins, whichare first-choice candidates for experimental vaccine research.
Improving e-business customer relationship management systems with multilevel secure data models

Customer relationship management (CRM) leverages technology to coordinate business-customer interactions with the objective of building long-term loyalty. Multilevel secure (MLS) data models were originally developed as database models for the management of information in environments with a strict hierarchy of security levels, such as military institutions and government security agencies. The paper demonstrates how an MLS model can be used to address the issue of sharing and managing customer-related information in e-businesses with diverse constituencies. The potential for exploiting the advantages offered by the MLS models in the e-business CRM context is examined. Several examples are used to show how organizing a database management system based on MLS principles can be used to help e-businesses to provide consistent and appropriate content to various customers and partners in a more efficient manner.
Peer review in clinical radiology practice.

Summary statistics and comparison of per-formance measures generated for each physi-cian by modality should be collated [13]. Radi -ologists should be compared with peers in their own facilities in terms of major difference in image interpretation. This comparison needs to take into account the volume of cases in-terpreted by an individual radiologist to avoid bias. Radiologists who have more clinical days than others may have a higher number of cases with discrepant results on peer review; there-fore, error numbers tallied and normalized to the number of clinical days worked would bet-ter represent the work. Because there are dif-ferences in misinterpretation and difficult-case disagreement rates among imaging modalities, comparison needs to be specific to imaging modality as well [14]. Limitations Radiologist commitment to continuous peer review is relatively limited. Increased workload, radiologist shortage, substantial-ly decreased payments per service, and resis -tance of radiologists to anything that increas -es workloads or costs even by a small amount have been quoted as causes of reduced com-pliance in the RADPEER program [14]. In addition, reviewing radiologists may be re-luctant to perform peer review because of a potential negative influence on their relation -ship with their colleagues. Unclear policies and procedures of peer review, negative at-titudes toward peer review (seeing it as con-trolling rather than educating or learning for improvement), disbelief that peer review would lead to worthwhile results, and fear of information being made public through the legal system contribute to diminished com-mitment and effort [5].Methods, such as reactive or proactive re-views of cases without a reference standard or definitive diagnosis, may simply represent opinions because they are not verified by pa-thology or clinical follow-up. In such cases, initial findings may not be proof of error in performance and should be used only as a trigger for further evaluation [14].
National survey of pediatric services available in US emergency departments.

Children account for nearly 20% of all US emergency department (ED) visits, yet previous national surveys found that many EDs lack specialized pediatric care. In response, a 2001 joint policy statement recommended resources needed by EDs for effective pediatric emergency care delivery. We sought to update and enhance previous estimates of pediatric services available in US EDs. We administered a telephone survey to a 5% random sample (n = 279) of all US EDs from the 2007 National Emergency Department Inventory-USA. The survey collected data on local capabilities (including typical management of three clinical scenarios) and prevalence of a coordinator for pediatric emergency care. We used descriptive statistics to summarize data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between survey respondent and ED characteristics as well as the presence of a coordinator for pediatric emergency medicine. Data were collected from 238 hospitals (85% response rate). A minority of hospitals had pediatric departments (36%) or intensive care units (12%). The median annual number of ED visits by children was 3,870 (interquartile range 1,500–8,800). Ten percent of hospitals had a separate pediatric ED; only 17% had a designated pediatric emergency care coordinator. Significant positive predictors of a coordinator were an ED pediatric visit volume of ≥1 patient per hour and urban location. Most EDs treated only mild-to-moderate cases of childhood bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbation (77% and 65%, respectively). Less than half (48%) of the hospitals reported the ability to surgically manage a child with acute appendicitis. We found little change in pediatric emergency services compared to earlier estimates. Our study results suggest a continued need for improvements to ensure access to emergency care for children.
On the interconnection of stable protein complexes: inter-complex hubs and their conservation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Homo sapiens networks

Protein complexes are key molecular entities that perform a variety of essential cellular functions. The connectivity of proteins within a complex has been widely investigated with both experimental and computational techniques. We developed a computational approach to identify and characterise proteins that play a role in interconnecting complexes. We computed a measure of inter-complex centrality, the crossroad index, based on disjoint paths connecting proteins in distinct complexes and identified inter-complex hubs as proteins with a high value of the crossroad index. We applied the approach to a set of stable complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Homo sapiens. Just as done for hubs, we evaluated the topological and biological properties of inter-complex hubs addressing the following questions. Do inter-complex hubs tend to be evolutionary conserved? What is the relation between crossroad index and essentiality? We found a good correlation between inter-complex hubs and both evolutionary conservation and essentiality.
Distributed Bayesian Estimation of Linear Models With Unknown Observation Covariances

In this paper, we address the problem of distributed Bayesian estimation in networks of agents over a given undirected graph. The agents observe data represented by a general linear model with unknown covariance matrices. The agents try to reach consensus on the belief on the unknown linear parameters based on their private signals and information provided by their neighbors. The belief is defined by the posterior distribution of the parameters. After deriving the Bayesian belief held by a fictitious fusion center, we present a consensus-based solution where the agents reach the belief of the fusion center. According to our scheme, at every time instant, each agent carries out three operations: a) receives private noisy measurements; b) exchanges information about its belief with its neighbors; and c) updates its belief with the new information. We show that with the proposed method, the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the beliefs of the agents and the fusion center converges to zero. We demonstrate the performance of the method by computer simulations.
Computer-Camera Interface

A device using operational amplifiers has been constructed to improve the interfacing of scintillation cameras to a scintigraphic data analysis computer. Advantages of the device are that (A) distortion of pulses is eliminated, (B) the data store/playback unit may be used as a signal source, (C) proper orientation of signals sent to the computer is automatic, and (D) long transmission lines between the computer and scintillation cameras maybe used.