cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incisional hernia following aortic surgery

Controversy exists in the literature regarding the incidence of incisional hernia formation after aortic reconstruction and the rate of incisional hernia formation in vertical midline and transverse incisions. We reviewed the incidence of incisional hernia after aneurysm (AAA) or occlusive disease (OCC) aortic operations and the incidence of incisional herniorrhaphy for vertical midline versus transverse incisions. Through a retrospective chart review of patients between 1970 and 1998, 618 patients who underwent incisional herniorrhaphy, 265 who underwent AAA repairs, and 331 who underwent OCC repairs were identified. These three groups were cross-referenced to identify patients who underwent incisional herniorrhaphy following aortic reconstruction. Patients were analyzed and compared according to presence of AAA or OCC and the incision and suture material used during the aortic repair. Thirty-six patients underwent incisional herniorrhaphy following aortic reconstruction. Twenty-six patients (9.8%) required incisional herniorrhaphy after AAA repair (22 vertical midline incisions, 4 transverse incisions). All ten patients (3%) who underwent incisional herniorrhaphy after OCC repair had vertical midline incisions. The difference in the incidence of incisional hernia repair (9.8% vs 3.0%) between AAA and OCC was statistically significant (p<0.001). In AAA patients, there was an 11.3% incisional hernia repair rate after vertical midline incisions versus 5.6% after transverse incisions, but the difference was not statistically significant. We have demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of incisional hernia repair following aortic reconstruction for AAA than for OCC repair. Furthermore, we identified a trend towards increased incisional hernia repair after employing vertical midline incisions versus transverse incisions in AAA patients, and a significant risk for incisional hernia after AAA repair when absorbable suture was used.
Validation of a measure of the Satter eating competence model with low-income females.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of a version of the ecSatter Inventory (ecSI), a measure of eating competence (EC), as adapted for use in a low-income (LI) population. Females (n = 507), aged 18 to 45 years, living in households with a history of participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program completed a web-based survey that included the ecSI for LI (ecSI/LI) and valid measures of cognitive and affective eating behavior, food preference and practice, and food preparation. Most correlations and differences between eating competent and non-eating competent categories and among EC tertiles were compatible with hypothesized relationships. ecSI/LI scores were positively related with self-reported physical activity, food acceptance, fruit and vegetable intake, and food planning/resource management. ecSI/LI scores were negatively associated with body mass index, dissatisfaction with body weight, tendency to overeat in response to external or emotional stimuli, and indices of psychosocial attributes related to disordered eating. The ecSI/LI is a valid measure of EC for low-income females and provides a tool for researchers and educators to assess intervention outcomes and further explore the EC construct.
From big science to postmodern science: technology-intensive research in an era of competing public values

This paper uses the concept of "postmodern science" to illuminate the present social context for large-scale, technology-intensive research. Important recent changes in this social context are identified, and four case studies are used to demonstrate how scientific organizations are responding to these changes. A number of implications for science and technology policy are generalized from these cases.
Characteristics of 50–200-m Winds and Temperatures Derived from an Iowa Tall-Tower Network

AbstractLimitations in skill of wind speed forecasts lead to conservative bids of wind-plant production in the day-ahead energy market and usually to an underutilization of wind resources. Improvements are needed in understanding wind characteristics in the turbine-rotor layer (40–120 m) for developing refined forecast models. The seasonal and diurnal behavior of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature were analyzed from data taken on five tall meteorological towers across Iowa. Several significant high-shear events, which would have the potential to cause problems by inducing substantial stress on the infrastructure of the wind turbine, were observed, with vertical shear up to 15 m s−1 accompanied by 30° of directional shear between 50 and 200 m. These events exhibited supergeostrophic wind speeds by 50% through the night followed by a collapse of shear through midday, indicating the influence of an inertial oscillation.
The universal-relation data model for logical independence

The universal-relation model is introduced, and its fundamental ideas are outlined. This model keeps access-path independence by removing the need for logical navigation among relations. One benefit is a simple yet powerful query-language interface. Two universal-relation database-management systems are discussed that provide good examples of the model: System/U, developed at Stanford University, and FIDL, developed at International Computers Ltd. in Britain. >
Application of a CFD tool for system-level thermal simulation

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool is used to evaluate the velocity and the temperature fields of air flow in a computer system enclosure. Simulations focused on the six printed circuit board regions where approximately 37 W of power was generated on the component side of the board. Three-dimensional, steady-state, turbulent air flow is assumed. Solutions include pressure, velocities, and temperature. Both straight and swirl flow cases at fans were considered. The actual air flow rate at fans was determined by matching the predicted pressure rise across the fan to the given fan characteristics. Experiments were performed under real life conditions. The actual computer chassis was tested inside a temperature-controlled chamber. Air temperatures between two printed circuit boards were measured in various positions and compared with the simulations. Results demonstrate a reasonable agreement between the temperatures obtained by simulations and measurements. In all comparisons, average errors were less than 10%. The introduction of swirl at fans made no significant effect on temperatures. A hot spot appeared in the inner side of the air passage between boards; this hot spot was created due to the recirculation of low velocity air. Some recommendations on improvements of the simulation are also presented. >
On the Ability of Prey to Recognize Predators

Two experiments support the hypothesis that an animal is capable of identifying its natural predators. In the first experiment, laboratory-born deermice of two subspecies were exposed to different stimulus animals (a weasel, squirrel, cat and two species of snake) some of which were predators from the mice's own habitat, some of which were predators from a different habitat, and some of which only approximated the predators in size and form. Changes in the mice's behavior following introduction of the stimulus animals were recorded. Both subspecies of mice differentially responded to predator and non-predator, but only if they were from the same habitat as the mice. The mice failed to discriminate between predator and non-predator if the two were from a differing habitat than the mouse. In a second experiment, predator recognition also was assessed in terms of survival time. Woodland mice were significantly more vulnerable to a gopher snake than mice from the same habitat as the snake's. These results suggest that there is an innate capacity in mice to recognize and respond approximately to their natural predators. Zusammenfassung Es gibt viele Belege dafur, das Tiere die angeborene Fahigkeit besitzen, ihre natirlichen Feinde zu erkennen. Eine Frage, die sich hieraus ergibt, ist, ob eine bestimmte Unterart generell eine Klasse von Feinden erkennt oder nur speziell jene Feinde, die in ihrer naturlichen Umgebung leben. Zwei Unterarten von Mausen (Peromyscus maniculatus), je eine aus bewaldeten Gebieten und aus trockenen Regionen, waren funf Reiztieren ausgesetzt. Diese waren je ein naturlicher Feind fur Mause aus einem der beiden Verbreitungsgebiete. Nicht-Feinde, d. h. sich neutral verhaltende Tiere aus diesen zwei Verbreitungsgebieten und ein naturlicher Feind, der in beiden Umgebungen vorkommt. Beobachtungen vor dem Versuch wurden mit dem Verhalten der Maus in Gegenwart des Reiztieres verglichen. Die Reaktion auf dieses wurde definiert als signifikante Veranderung im Verhalten der Maus nach dem Zusammentreffen mit dem Reiztier. Die Ergebnisse deuteten darauf hin, das eine Maus aus einem bestimmten Verbreitungsgebiet fahig ist, zwischen naturlichem Feind und Nicht-Feind aus dem gleichen Verbreitungsgebiet zu unterscheiden, aber nicht, wenn keiner der beiden Reiztypen zusammen mit der Maus vorkommt. In allen Fallen war die Reaktion eine Verminderung von Handlungen mit einer entsprechenden Zunahme unbewegter Haltungen. Ein zweites Experiment zeigte den Anpassungswert eines solchen Mechanismus. Mause beider Unterarten wurden einer Schlange (Pituophis melanoleucus) in deren Kafig ausgesetzt. Mause aus dem gleichen Verbreitungsgebiet wie dem der Schlange waren bedeutend erfolgreicher zu uberleben, beurteilt nach der Zahl der Angriffe, die die Schlange benotigte, um sie zu toten, und nach der absoluten Uberlebenszeit. Demnach unterscheiden Beutetiere angeborenermasen zwischen naturlichem Feind und Nicht-Feind, wenn beide aus dem Verbreitungsgebiet der Maus stammen. Diese Unterscheidung ist adaptiv, wie die Uberlebenszeit beide Male ergibt.
Unified Analysis of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Elliptic Problems

We provide a framework for the analysis of a large class of discontinuous methods for second-order elliptic problems. It allows for the understanding and comparison of most of the discontinuous Galerkin methods that have been proposed over the past three decades for the numerical treatment of elliptic problems.
Compensation of mutual coupling for the ESPRIT algorithm

The ESPRIT algorithm has been shown to be an effective approach to the angle-of-arrival estimation problem. The approach requires a sensor array consisting of pairs of sensors having identical beam patterns. In practice, identical beam patterns are difficult to achieve because of the significant mutual coupling that exists when two sensors are put in close proximity. The authors discuss a technique for compensating for the effects of the mutual coupling. The method of moments is used to obtain the matrix of mutuals for each sensor pair. A transformation matrix is developed, and it processes the observed data so as to estimate the signals that would have resulted had there been no mutuals. It is shown that ideally the effects of mutual coupling can be completely eliminated. Computer simulations demonstrating the improved performance are presented. >
The evolution of behaviour, and integrating it towards a complete and correct understanding of behavioural biology

Tinbergen suggested there are four major aims or questions in ethology. All of these contribute to the larger single question of why animals behave as they do. Here, I emphasise one aim, to understand the evolution of behaviour. Using studies of sexual communication in tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) I attempt to illustrate how an analysis of the past evolution of behaviour can contribute to our understanding of its current function and the details of the mechanisms guiding it. I argue that integration of Tinbergen's four questions not only give us a more complete understanding of the biology of behaviour, it might be necessary to give us a correct understanding.
Inhibition of Renal Outer Medullary 20-HETE Production Produces Hypertension in Lewis Rats

Recent studies have indicated that a deficiency in the production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the outer medulla of the kidney may contribute to the abnormalities in the renal handling of sodium and the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. To determine whether a reduction in 20-HETE production in the outer medulla is sufficient to induce hypertension, an inhibitor of the renal metabolism of arachidonic acid by P450 enzymes, 17-octadecenoic acid (17-ODYA), was chronically infused directly into the outer medulla of the left kidney of uninephrectomized Lewis rats fed a high salt diet. Renal medullary interstitial infusion of 17-ODYA (400 pmol/min) reduced the formation of 20-HETE in the outer medulla of the infused kidney by 70% compared with values seen in the right kidney collected when the rat was uninephrectomized, but it had no effect on the production of 20-HETE in the renal cortex. After 5 days, mean arterial pressure rose from 115±2 to 142±2 mm Hg (n=6) in the rats infused with 17-ODYA, while mean arterial pressure was not significantly altered in the rats infused with vehicle alone (116±1 versus 117±2 mm Hg, n=6). These results suggest that inhibition of the renal metabolism of arachidonic acid by P450 enzymes in the outer medulla of the kidney is sufficient to induce the development of hypertension in Lewis rats fed a high salt diet and support the view that P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid play an important role in the regulation of renal function and the long-term control of arterial pressure.
A continuum thermodynamics formulation for micro-magneto-mechanics with applications to ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Abstract A continuum thermodynamics formulation for micromagnetics coupled with mechanics is devised to model the evolution of magnetic domain and martensite twin structures in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. The theory falls into the class of phase-field or diffuse-interface modeling approaches. In addition to the standard mechanical and magnetic balance laws, two sets of micro-forces and their associated balance laws are postulated; one set for the magnetization order parameter and one set for the martensite order parameter. Next, the second law of thermodynamics is analyzed to identify the appropriate material constitutive relationships. The proposed formulation does not constrain the magnitude of the magnetization to be constant, allowing for spontaneous magnetization changes associated with strain and temperature. The equations governing the evolution of the magnetization are shown to reduce to the commonly accepted Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations for the case where the magnetization magnitude is constant. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that under certain limiting conditions, the equations governing the evolution of the martensite-free strain are shown to be equivalent to a hyperelastic strain gradient theory. Finally, numerical solutions are presented to investigate the fundamental interactions between the magnetic domain wall and the martensite twin boundary in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. These calculations determine under what conditions the magnetic domain wall and the martensite twin boundary can be dissociated, resulting in a limit to the actuating strength of the material.
The ultraviolet behavior of Einstein gravity

We have recently reported on a two-loop calculation showing that the S matrix of Einstein's theory of gravity contains non-renormalizable ultraviolet divergences in four dimensions. In this paper we present several details of the work. We discuss the calculation both in background field and in normal field theory, and we describe a method for eliminating ghost fields in gauge theories by embedding them in suitable extensions of the gauge fields a la Kaluza-Klein.
Disinfection of Endoscopes: Review of New Chemical Sterilants Used for High-Level Disinfection

Chemical sterilants are used to high-level disinfect heat-sensitive semicritical items such as endoscopes. Most endoscopes have been reprocessed between each patient use with glutaraldehyde (>2%) or the Steris System 1. Several new chemical sterilants have been developed recently, including 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.55% orthophthalaldehyde. In order to aid the infection control professional in choosing the appropriate disinfection methodology, this article reviews the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of high-level disinfectants intended for reprocessing endoscopes.
Embracing Lifelong Learning for Ourselves

During its first decade, About Campus published the “What They're Reading” department highlighting publications related to the support of student learning. While that department officially signed off several years ago, Jennifer L. Bloom and Marc Lowenstein offer two lists of publications valuable to their work helping college students learn and succeed.
La tradición del Amate: Innovatión y protesta en el arte Mexicano/TheAmate Tradition: Innovation and Dissent in Mexican Art

La tradicion del Amate: Innovation. protesta en el arte Mexicano/TheAmate Tradition: Innovation and Dissent in Mexican Art. Jonathan D. Amith. ed. Chicago: Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum; Coyoacan, Mexico: La Casa de las lm´genes, 1996.168 pp.
Nitric Oxide Pathways in Surface-Flame Radiant Burners

Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) formation in surface-flame burners is studied. Surface-flame burners are typically made of metal fibers, ceramic fibers, or ceramic foam and provide radiant flux with low pollutant emissions. A one-dimensional model represents combustion on and within the porous medium using multistep chemistry, separate gas and energy equations, and a radiatively participating porous medium. We describe experimental measurements of NO x profiles above a surface-flame burner and compare them to model predictions. The model predicts NO x concentration with reasonable success. Deviations between model and experiment are primarily the result of heat loss in the experiment that is not considered in the model. Reaction rate analysis is performed to identify the chemical kinetic source of NO in the flame. Zeldovich NO is significant only at the highest firing rate studied (600 kW/m 2 , П• = 0.9), where it is responsible for 50-60% of the total NO. At the lower firing rates (200 and 300 kW/m 2 , П• = 0.9), where total NO is low, nearly all of the NO is formed in the flame front. Zeldovich NO accounts for 20-30% percent of the total NO, the Fenimore pathway accounts for less than 10% of the NO, and 50-75% percent of the NO is formed through the NNH, N 2 O and other paths. Sensitivity analysis shows that NO production in the flame front is most sensitive to NNH+O = NH+NO, with CH+N 2 = HCN+N having the second highest sensitivity coefficient. At the lower firing rates NO emission is insensitive to porous medium properties, while at the high firing rate NO emission is slightly sensitive to porous medium properties.
Sexual orientation, treatment utilization, and barriers for alcohol related problems: Findings from a nationally representative sample.

Abstract Background Gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) individuals appear to have an increased likelihood of alcohol use disorders and treatment utilization for alcohol related problems compared to heterosexual individuals. Despite this increase, treatment utilization rates among GLB individuals remain low. In an effort to address this, our paper examined whether or not GLB individuals encounter unique barriers when pursuing treatment for alcohol related problems. Methods Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC), we examined service sector specific factors, some of which included (a) utilization rates, (b) self-reported treatment barriers, and (c) whether or not there were emergent differences among GLB individuals, after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Findings indicated that GLB individuals reported higher severity rates for alcohol use disorders when compared to heterosexual individuals, and were significantly more likely to utilize treatment services for alcohol related problems, however, not across all treatment sectors. While similar patterns were observed when examining barriers to treatment, bisexual individuals reported significantly more barriers than heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals. Conclusion These findings underscored the importance of identifying and developing interventions that addresses treatment barriers associated with alcohol use service utilization among GLB populations, and creating improved outreach and education programs to better address stigmas associated with substance use and sexuality.
Data on International Organizations: Availability and Needs

In fall 1972 a program was initiated, under the auspices of the International Studies Association, to identify and collect existing sets of data in machine readable form on international organizations. This article is intended to serve three purposes: to report on the progress of the International Organization Data Archive Project, to publicize the archive's existence and to stimulate its use, and to share some thoughts on international organization data stimulated by our data gathering experiences.
Mathematics as an Objective Science

(1979). Mathematics as an Objective Science. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 540-551.
Lotion and massage.

Sir:When I was a resident in plastic surgery at Pittsburgh, I had the opportunity to a participate in a hand rotation with a community orthopedic surgeon. He was incredibly busy and diagnostically gifted, yet direct and definitive in his decision making. It was a great experience. What I remember ab
Discovery of a New Variety of Ilex cornuta and Study on Its Artificial Propagation

A new variety of Ilex cornuta was discovered in 1998. Started from 1999,experiments on sowing,grafting,cuttage propagation and cultivation of the variety were carried out for 10 years and all the indexes were continuously observed and recorded and analyzed seriously,and the biological characteristics and ecological habits of the variety were known. The subsequent 5-year experiments on its landscaping cultivation and promotion proved that the variety has features ofwide-range adaptability,high resistance,easymanagement and shapingand high ornamental value and is a rare andfinevarietyinlandscaping.
Effects of variance adjustment techniques and time-invariant transfer functions on heat wave duration indices and other metrics derived from downscaled time-series. Study case: Montreal, Canada

Statistical downscaling techniques are often used to generate finer-scale projections of climate variables affected by local-scale processes not resolved by coarse resolution numerical models like global climate models (GCMs). Statistical downscaling models rely on several assumptions in order to produce finer-/local-scale projections of the variable of interest; one of these assumptions is the time-invariance of the relationships between predictors (e.g. coarse resolution GCM output) and the local-scale predictands (e.g. gridded observation-based time-series or weather station observations). However, in the absence of future observations, statistical downscaling studies use historical data to evaluate their models and assume that these historical simulation skills will be retained in the future. In addition, regression-based downscaling models fail to reproduce the observed variance, and hence their projections need to be adjusted accordingly. Two approaches are usually employed to perform this adjustment: randomization and variance inflation. Here, we study the effect of the stationarity assumption when downscaling daily maximum temperatures and using the downscaled information to estimate historical and future metrics like return periods and heat waves durations over Montreal, Canada; and the effect of the two variance adjustment techniques on the historical and future time-series. To do so, we used regional climate model (RCM) output from the Canadian RCM 4.2, as proxies of historical and future local climates, and daily maximum temperatures obtained from the Canadian GCM 3.1. The results show that the root-mean-squared errors between the pseudo-observations and the statistically downscaled time-series (historical and future) varied over time, with higher errors in the future period; and the effects of randomization and variance inflation on the tails of the statistically downscaled time-series.
Mercury bioaccumulation in offshore reef fishes from waters of the Southeastern USA.

Mercury (Hg) concentrations and nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopic ratios were measured to assess differences in Hg bioaccumulation in four predatory fish species (Mycteroperca microlepis, Lutjanus campechanus, Caulolatilus microps, and Serioli dumerili) of high commercial and recreational importance in Atlantic waters of the southeastern US. Positive relationships existed between Hg and length, weight, and age, for all species, strongest for M. microlepis and L. campechanus. Intraspecific Hg concentrations also strongly correlated with δ15N for all species, and δ13C for only L. campechanus, and S. dumerili. Comparisons of stable isotopes between species and their impact on mean Hg concentration were inconclusive. This study is the first to report Hg concentrations for C. microps. The current study provides data for an under-sampled region, explores how feeding ecology impacts Hg uptake in commonly co-occurring fishes, and raises questions of the importance of sex and reproduction in Hg accumulation for marine fishes.
Grade-Level Overlap and Standards Mismatch between Nationally Recognized Programs That Prepare Teachers for Grades PreK-3.

ABSTRACTTwo related questions are investigated regarding programs accredited by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). First, to what extent do NCATE-recognized elementary teacher preparation programs, which have been approved by the Association for Child Education International (ACEI), prepare candidates to teach in grades PreK–3, grades that the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) considers part of early childhood education? The current results indicate extensive grade-level overlap: 10% of ACEI-accredited elementary programs have grade spans that begin in preschool (or below), 53% begin in kindergarten, 30% in first grade, and 6% in second grade. The second investigation employed a content analysis to compare ACEI’s national standards for elementary teacher preparation with NAEYC’s national standards for early childhood teacher preparation. This analysis indicates that ACEI’s standards include far fewer references to terms that capture esse...
Metaphysics of the Manifestation of Logos

Does the Logos emerge from itself or from without? Did it precede its emergence in life at its origins or was it Life which prompted and prompts it to be activated? These questions may already be the fruit of a discursive form of the logos itself; the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, the ‘prior’ and the ‘posterior’, ‘to activate’ and ‘to be activated’ are already differentiations which proceed from life and its progress. Thus it is futile to ask these questions before we investigate how Logos reveals itself through life.
Characteristic and algorithm of transfer function for singular system

ABSTRACT In this paper, transfer functions of singular systews (TFSS) is discussed by elementary operation of matrix. From Lew's results, singular system(SS) can be put into a standard decomposition by row and column operations. TFSS is composed of fast and slow subsystems. For the slow subsystems, instead of calculating all the elements of the matrix ( sI - A 1 ) -1 or a changed form, a direct and simple method is applied to get the transfer function. At the end, an example is given to illustrate the algorithm and the priority of the method.
Mecanismos de modalidad interna y externa para expresar probabilidad en el aula de E/LE

La expresion de la probabilidad en espanol es una de las cuestiones que mayores problemas presenta en la ensenanza de E/LE, pues contamos con numerosos mecanismos de modalidad interna y externa que, ademas, o bien seleccionan un modo o bien pueden seleccionar tanto indicativo como aproximativo y/o subjuntivo. Parte del problema radica en la incongruencia terminologica de las formas del sistema verbal espanol, asi como en las poco operativas descripciones que siguen el modelo tradicional, que se limitan a clasificar dichos mecanismos segun sus esquemas sintacticos de subordinacion y que modo selecciona cada uno de ellos, y dejan de lado cualquier valor pragmatico de atenuacion y/o aproximacion de algunos de estos.
The mineral foundation of the energy transition

Abstract This Viewpoint briefly considers the implications of, and possible policy responses to, the critical role of minerals and metals in the current “energy transition”. That transition is most often described in terms of the world’s energy systems moving towards cleaner and low-carbon technologies and systems. No matter how the contours of this transition eventually manifest, it will likely have significant impacts on the supply and trade of certain minerals and metals. There are several recent scenarios analyses considering these implications with a focus on materials required for solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles. In addition to technical aspects, there are critical geopolitical, economic, environmental, social, and governance issues arising. The paper concludes with recommendations for possible policy and regulatory responses in areas ranging from resource mapping to political economy.
Killing Me Sovereignly: The Quiet Demise of the Americans With Disabilities Act.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to make rehabilitation nurses aware that the Supreme Court has limited some of the protections afforded by the Americans With Disabilities Act (1990) on the basis of "sovereign immunity." METHODS The authors use the case review method to analyze Supreme Court cases and alternatives for people with disabilities discriminated against because of the state in which they live. FINDINGS Sovereign immunity makes it more difficult for a disabled person to bring a lawsuit against a state government (as an employer or provider of a public service) under the Americans With Disabilities Act. CONCLUSION The extent to which disabled Americans can fully participate in their communities should not depend on where in the country they live. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As patient advocates, rehabilitation nurses are in an ideal position to educate patients and families and have a duty to make their voices heard to persuade lawmakers to strengthen legal protections for disabled Americans.
Necessary Fictions: Bankruptcy Jurisdiction after Hood and Katz

Beginning with its 1995 decision in Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, the Supreme Court has repeatedly held that Congress many not use its Article I powers to abrogate a state's Eleventh Amendment immunity against suit. Although none of these decisions involved bankruptcy, five circuit courts of appeal relied on the Seminole Tribe line of cases to hold that states that are creditors possess sovereign immunity in bankruptcy proceedings. Because bankruptcy proceedings are exclusively federal, these decisions had the practical effect of exempting an entire class of creditors from the bankruptcy process. The Supreme Court first attempted to cure this problem in Hood v. Tennessee Student Assistance Corp. (In re Hood). Hood holds that proceedings involving the bankruptcy discharge are in rem proceedings that do not implicate the Eleventh Amendment because they are not suits against states. A year later, in Central Virginia Community College v. Katz, the Court expanded bankruptcy jurisdiction beyond the narrow confines of Hood, recognizing federal power over an undefined category of proceedings described as ancillary to in rem bankruptcy proceedings. Katz accomplishes this expansion by interpreting the Constitution's Bankruptcy Clause as connoting blanket consent by the states to federal jurisdiction in bankruptcy matters that are either in rem proceedings or ancillary to in rem proceedings. This article examines the boundaries of bankruptcy jurisdiction after the decisions in Hood and Katz. After comparing the jurisdictional structure presented in Hood and Katz to the jurisdictional power actually exercised by bankruptcy courts, the Article concludes that the Court uses the term ancillary to in rem in Katz as a proxy for the exercise of compulsory jurisdiction over states. However, the Court makes it clear that this expansion of power is not unlimited. Katz itself limits federal power over states in bankruptcy proceedings by reading the uniformity requirement in the Bankruptcy Clause as implying the states' consent to be treated uniformly with other creditors. In reaching this conclusion, Katz interprets the Bankruptcy Clause and its uniformity requirement as requiring a form of uniformity that is not merely geographic, but also personal and focused on the impact that bankruptcy law will have on debtors and creditors.
The Role of Cognition in Emotional Experience

This paper considers the origins of the phenomenological experience of emotion. It is argued that contemporary psychology unnecessarily restricts emotional feelings to the sensation of bodily changes, despite there being cognitive origins as well. There may be several reasons for this restricted view. It has a long history, from Descartes to William James to the present; it justifies the collection of physiological data; it seems congruent with there being physical causes and effects of moods and emotions; and it seems congruent with a view of cognition as rational and nonbiological. Yet, these reasons are unsound. Thinking also can be affected by physical causes, and it can be primitive and innate as well. There are compelling reasons to temper the historical emphasis on bodily feelings and physiological measures. Consider that there exist feelings states that seem to be primarily cognitive; examples would be certainty, confusion, amazement, and deja vu. The existence of such states suggests that cognition could contribute to the phenomenological experience - the feeling - of emotion as well. Such a conception has several advantages to recommend it. It helps account for differences in the experience of cognitively complex emotions that have no known physiological differences, and it aids the conceptual reintegration of cognition and affect.
OR46 Donor-derived anti-HLA antibodies in a haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant recipient shortly after transplant

A 15-year-old Caucasian male with high risk AML was referred to our institution for investigational therapy after relapsing from an 11/12 HLA-A mismatched (graft vs. host direction only) unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Prior to second HCT, the patient’s serum was negative for antibodies to class I and class II HLA by microarray single antigen bead assay. The patient received two progenitor cell infusions from his haploidentical mother; the first was depleted of TCRαβ+ cells and the second was depleted of CD45RA + cells. These procedures remove naive T cells, the major alloreactive component of donor T cells, while preserving TCRγδ+ and CD45RO+ memory T cells respectively, which may provide infection control and graft vs. leukemia effects. Eight days post-transplant and prior to neutrophil engraftment, the patient became refractory to platelets and was found to be highly sensitized to multiple HLA-A and B antigens, although none were donor-specific. Because the patient received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) during the preparative regimen, there was a concern that antibody reactivity could be due to residual rATG. However, dilutions of the rATG preparations from the same lots used in the patient revealed no specific activity in the single antigen bead assay. Serum from the patient’s mother/donor was tested and found to be positive for many of the same antibodies present in the patient, suggesting the patient’s antibodies originated in the donor. Antibody testing of patient serum at five and seven weeks post-transplant showed magnified and expanded sensitization, despite undetectable circulating B cells secondary to administration of rituximab in the preparative regimen for EBV prophylaxis. Escalating sensitization is unlikely to reflect passive transfer of antibody from donor to recipient. Plasma cells are long-lasting, antibody-secreting B cells that do not express CD20 and therefore would not be targets for destruction by rituximab. Taken together, the data indicate active transfer of rituximab-resistant antibody-producing passenger lymphocytes (likely plasma B cells) from a haploidentical donor to a transplant recipient at the time of progenitor cell infusion. B. Triplett: 7. Other (Identify); Company/Organization; Travel support (flight, hotel and registration) from Miltenyi to present previously published data at EBMT.
Alleviation of heat-stress-related physiological perturbations in growing rabbits using natural antioxidants

The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO), gallic acid (GA), vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) on different body temperature traits and stress hormone and glucose levels in heat-stressed growing rabbits. Rabbits were fed diets with no supplementation (control group) or supplemented with 15 g of EVOO, 400 mg of LGEO, 500 mg of GA, 1000 mg of BET, 500 mg of VC, or 200 mg of VE per kg of diet. All tested feed additives, especially EVOO, had a lowering effect on various rabbit temperature traits. Both triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and tetraiodothyronine/thyroxine (T 4 ) were increased ( p< 0.05) by the addition of BET, VC, EVOO, and VE. With the exception of the VC group, all dietary groups showed no significant changes in the insulin level compared to the control group level. In contrast, the cortisol and glucose levels were diminished ( p< 0.05) in all treated groups compared to the control levels. The results suggested that all tested supplementations had positive ameliorating effects on growing rabbits under a severe heat load in terms of lowered body temperatures and a favourable stress hormone balance, with the most favourable results found in the EVOO, VC, and BET supplementation groups.
Dewetted nanostructures of gold, silver, copper, and palladium with enhanced faceting

Abstract At the foundation of nanoscience and nanotechnology is the ability to shape-engineer nanometric objects so as to exert control over their physical and chemical properties. Architectural control is achieved by manipulating thermodynamic and kinetic factors that are able to guide reactions along pathways that lead to the formation or elimination of particular crystal facets. While the dewetting of ultrathin metal films provides a straightforward method for generating substrate-based metallic nanostructures, the ability to shape-engineer these structures is limited to such an extent that even the formation of highly faceted equiaxed structures often proves challenging. This, however, is not the case for colloidal syntheses where the exquisite chemical controls and synthetic ease offered by liquid-phase chemistry has led to the generation of a diverse library of nanostructure architectures. Here, it is demonstrated that the faceting of dewetted structures of gold, silver, copper, and palladium can be enhanced by subjecting them to a liquid-phase chemical environment in which metal ions are reduced to a neutral state and deposited on the nanostructure surface in manner that leads to facet formation. The faceting procedure, which can be carried out in minutes, is also shown to be amenable to a templated dewetting approach in which lithographically-defined metal discs formed in an array each agglomerate to form a single nanostructure. The work has the potential to increase the functionality of dewetted nanostructures by enabling facet-dependent chemical reactivity and plasmonic hot spots.
miR-146b-5p has a sex-specific role in renal and cardiac pathology in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease presents a complex and distinct pathological landscape in men and women, yet this difference is poorly understood. microRNAs are powerful molecular regulators of pathophysiology in the kidney and other organs. We previously reported a significant upregulation of miR-146b-5p in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of chronic kidney disease. Here we investigated the sex-specific contribution of miR-146b-5p to renocardiac pathology by generating a novel miR-146b-/- rat and characterized the expression of miR-146b-5p in both wild-type and knockout animals. The 5/6 nephrectomy or sham surgery was performed on rats of each genotype and sex. Renal pathology was examined through gross histology, plasma and urinary analysis of electrolytes and metabolites, and by chronic blood pressure monitoring. Cardiac pathology was monitored via echocardiography and pressure-volume analysis. The miR-146b-/- rats show functional knockout of miR-146b-5p in both the kidney and heart. While 5/6 nephrectomy induced tissue hypertrophy, miR-146b-/- female rats displayed exacerbated renal hypertrophy. Additionally, miR-146b-/- female rats exhibited a marked elevation of renal fibrosis and significant renal dysfunction yet lower blood pressure and less pronounced cardiac remodeling. These phenotypic differences were not exhibited in miR-146b-/- male rats. Ovariectomy ameliorated renal pathology and abolished genotypic differences. In vitro examination of transforming growth factor-β signaling in combination with miR-146b-5p manipulation supports a role for miR-146b-5p in mediating the protective benefit of estrogen from renal pathologies. Thus, our data highlight an important role of miR-146b-5p in modulating kidney disease progression and provide new avenues for the study of sex-specific pathology.
Quality Control for Media Digitization Projects

This article defines types of quality control and explores risk management strategies that are broadly applicable to any organization engaged in media digitization for long-term preservation. It uses the quality control system for audio and video digitization that was developed by Indiana University’s Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative to provide examples and illustrations of these ideas.
Icosapent ethyl: drug profile and evidence of reduced residual cardiovascular risk in patients with statin-managed LDL-C cholesterol.

Introduction: Icosapent ethyl (IPE) is a highly purified (>96%) form of eicosapentanoic acid, a marine-derived omega-3 fatty acid known to reduce serum triglyceride (TG) levels. In the Reduction of...
Disasters and Disability: Rhetoric and Reality

The health of the public is rarely in more jeopardy than during natural or human-caused disasters. Reliable data are scarce, but a United Nations report confirms that people with disabilities are disproportionately affected by disasters. Public health professionals’ mission, whether in the public and private sectors, is to be responsible for helping all citizens prepare, react, and recover from disasters. Often the stated mission and the practical realities, however, do not mesh. Individuals with activity limitations, mental health conditions, or other problems with access or functional limitations are not identified or included in public health preparations for disaster leading to unacceptable consequences for this population. This chapter provides an outline of the characteristics of individuals in need of additional services during disasters. In addition, the sobering reality of inadequate preparedness, response, and recovery efforts is described. Guiding principles for preparation and response for people with disabilities are provided, along with specific recommendations for preparedness and response. Finally, directions are recommended to improve public health perceptions, training, and data. The most important steps always begin with the inclusion of people with disabilities in every aspect of preparation, response, and recovery.
"Still Caring for the Family": Condolence Expression Training for Pediatric Residents.

Abstract Context Insufficient communication from the medical team following a child's death may compound parental grief. Pediatric residents care for children who die, yet the landscape of condolence expression education within residency programs has not been studied. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate pediatric residents’ levels of experience and comfort with condolence expression and to assess their needs and desires for training in condolence expression. Methods A cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey was developed by palliative care clinicians in collaboration with bereaved parents. In 2020, following pilot testing, an electronic survey measuring resident experience with, comfort with, and training on condolence expression was distributed to 202 third-year pediatric residents across 17 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs representing varying sizes and geographic regions. Results Ten percent of pediatric residents surveyed reported having training on condolence expression. Almost all residents considered condolence expression to be beneficial for bereaved families and most for clinicians, too, yet very very few had formally expressed condolences in their roles as physicians: 83.1% had never written a condolence letter; 85% had never made a condolence phone call; and 90.5% had never attended a memorial event. Commonly reported barriers to condolence expression included lack of experience and training, as well as concern about upsetting families. Conclusions Pediatric residents lack comfort with and training in condolence expression and desire education to address these gaps. These findings should inform development and investigation of educational resources and training opportunities for residents to learn and practice compassionate provision of condolences to grieving families.
A Purkinje cell to parabrachial nucleus pathway enables broad cerebellar influence over the forebrain and emotional valence

Abstract In addition to its well-known contributions to motor control and motor learning, the cerebellum is involved in language, emotional regulation, anxiety, and affect1–4. We found that suppressing the firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) rapidly excites forebrain areas that could contribute to such functions, including the amygdala, basal forebrain, and septum, but that the classic cerebellar outputs, the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), do not project to these regions. Here we show that parabrachial nuclei (PBN) neurons that receive direct PC input, project to and influence all of these forebrain regions and many others. Furthermore, the function of this pathway is distinct from the canonical pathway: suppressing PC to PBN activity is aversive, whereas suppressing the PC to DCN pathway is rewarding. Therefore, the PBN pathway allows the cerebellum to influence the entire spectrum of valence, modulate the activity of forebrain regions known to regulate diverse nonmotor behaviors, and may be the substrate for many nonmotor disorders related to cerebellar dysfunction.