cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned and Improvements in ANL Plant Dynamics Code Simulation of Experimental S-CO2 Loops

Validation of the ANL Plant Dynamics Code with the experimental data from integral S-CO2 cycle facilities has been continued. Several code modifications as well as modeling approaches and assumptions were introduced to improve both the code’s capabilities in modeling the experimental loops and the agreement of the code prediction with the experimental data. The lessons learned from the code improvement and modeling experience important for the validation of the codes with the experimental data from small-scale integral loops are presented.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Digestibility of Milo Processed by Different Methods

Two trials were conducted with yearling steers to determine digestibility of rations containing 77% milo processed by various methods. In trial 1, the processing methods were: dry rolled, steam processed flaked, steam processed cut, and water soaked cut. The digestibility of the nitrogen free extract fraction of the rations containing steam processed flaked milo was significantly (P<.05) greater than for the other three treatments which were not significantly different from each other. The total digestible nutrients of the rations was increased significantly (P<.05)by the steam processed flaked milo compared to the other three treatments; however, the total digestible nutrients of the water soaked milo ration was significantly (P<.05) higher than for the dry rolled treatment. The estimated total digestible nutrients of the steam processed flaked milo was 89.8% as compared to 72.1% for dry rolled milo. In trial 2 the processing methods were: dry rolled, fine ground, steam processed flaked, and pressure cooked flaked (2.81 kg./cm.2 for 1 min.). The digestibility of the nitrogen free extract of the ration containing the steam processed and pressure cooked flaked milo was significantly (P<.05) greater than for the rations containing the dry rolled or fine ground milo. The total digestible nutrients of the rations containing the two moist heat treated milos was significantly greater than for the two dry processed. The estimated total digestible nutrients of the steam processed flaked, pressure cooked flaked, fine ground and dry rolled milos were: 88.3, 86.8, 81.1 and 79.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the digestibility and total digestible nutrients of milo can be markedly improved by either steam processing and flaking or pressure cooking and flaking
Multicenter Clinical Trials Using 18F-FDG PET to Measure Early Response to Oncologic Therapy: Effects of Injection-to-Acquisition Time Variability on Required Sample Size

Uptake time (interval between tracer injection and image acquisition) affects the SUV measured for tumors in 18F-FDG PET images. With dissimilar uptake times, changes in tumor SUVs will be under- or overestimated. This study examined the influence of uptake time on tumor response assessment using a virtual clinical trials approach. Methods: Tumor kinetic parameters were estimated from dynamic 18F-FDG PET scans of breast cancer patients and used to simulate time–activity curves for 45–120 min after injection. Five-minute uptake time frames followed 4 scenarios: the first was a standardized static uptake time (the SUV from 60 to 65 min was selected for all scans), the second was uptake times sampled from an academic PET facility with strict adherence to standardization protocols, the third was a distribution similar to scenario 2 but with greater deviation from standards, and the fourth was a mixture of hurried scans (45- to 65-min start of image acquisition) and frequent delays (58- to 115-min uptake time). The proportion of out-of-range scans ( 70 min, or >15-min difference between paired scans) was 0%, 20%, 44%, and 64% for scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A published SUV correction based on local linearity of uptake-time dependence was applied in a separate analysis. Influence of uptake-time variation was assessed as sensitivity for detecting response (probability of observing a change of ≥30% decrease in 18F-FDG PET SUV given a true decrease of 40%) and specificity (probability of observing an absolute change of
Axiomatic aggregation of incomplete rankings

ABSTRACTIn many different applications of group decision-making, individual ranking agents or judges are able to rank only a small subset of all available candidates. However, as we argue in this article, the aggregation of these incomplete ordinal rankings into a group consensus has not been adequately addressed. We propose an axiomatic method to aggregate a set of incomplete rankings into a consensus ranking; the method is a generalization of an existing approach to aggregate complete rankings. More specifically, we introduce a set of natural axioms that must be satisfied by a distance between two incomplete rankings; prove the uniqueness and existence of a distance satisfying such axioms; formulate the aggregation of incomplete rankings as an optimization problem; propose and test a specific algorithm to solve a variation of this problem where the consensus ranking does not contain ties; and show that the consensus ranking obtained by our axiomatic approach is more intuitive than the consensus ranking ...
A Source for Eugène Ionesco’s LA CANTATRICE CHAUVE : Noël Coward’s BLITHE SPIRIT

This essay argues that, despite the established lore concerning the genesis of Eugene Ionesco’s La Cantatrice chauve, there is evidence to suggest that his first play was written as a parody of Noel Coward’s most popular drama, Blithe Spirit.
“Pushed Out on My Own”: The Impact of Hurricane Katrina in the Lives of Low-income Emerging Adults

Drawing on life-history interviews, this study explores the impact of Hurricane Katrina in the lives of 57 low-income, African American mothers who were 20–31 years old at the time of the storm. Hu...
Design of Desintering in Tin Dioxide Nanoparticles

Controlling sintering is a critical aspect for the processing of dense parts and to improve stability of nanoparticles. Dopants are typically used for this purpose, but the extension of the role of dopants in the phenomena is still not completely understood. In this work we demonstrate the possibility of inducing desintering in a ceramic system by programming a dopant redistribution during heat treatment. Tin dioxide doped with manganese was sintered up to intermediate densities and density was decreased afterward by exposing the sample to a lower temperature. A change in the oxidation state and ionic radius of manganese caused it to segregate at high temperatures and to partially redissolve in the crystal at a lower one. This interfacial chemistry change caused a decrease of the dihedral angle at lower temperature, creating a driving force for porosity volume increase (dedensification) by mass flow against curvature potential. The result is predictable from extrapolations of pore stability theories but n...
Methylglyoxal in diabetes: link to treatment, glycaemic control and biomarkers of complications.

Diabetic complications are major health problems worldwide, with the cost of caring for diabetes rising to US$245 billion in 2012 in the U.S.A. alone. It is widely recognized that non-enzymatic glycation in diabetes is a major cause of damage and dysfunction of key vascular cells. MG (methylglyoxal) is directly toxic to tissues, and is a major precursor of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). Various propensities to diabetic complications are seen among individuals with diabetes, with accelerated rates occurring in some individuals with modest hyperglycaemia, while others never progress in spite of poor glycaemic control over many years. Since production and detoxification of MG is ultimately controlled by enzymatic mechanisms, both genetic and environmental factors could regulate tissue glycation and potentially account for these variable complication rates. Activation of pathways that determine MG levels occurs in susceptible patients, indicting an important role in pathogenesis. MG leads to formation of specific AGEs, which are likely to predict propensity to diabetic complications. We have shown recently that three specific plasma AGE biomarkers [MG-H1 (MG-derived hydroimidazolones), CEL (Ne-carboxyethyl-lysine) and CML (Ne-carboxymethyl-lysine)] predict biopsy-documented fast DN (diabetic nephropathy) progression. Since two of the predictive biomarkers are MG end-products, these outcomes support a role for MG in the development of DN. Our studies on MG and its end-products have also shown anti-complication effects of the drug metformin, which binds and inactivates MG, thus reducing MG-related AGEs. We have also shown that reducing post-meal glucose decreases MG levels, as well as levels of MG-related AGEs. Our clinical outcome studies have been based on the novel concept that the unique glycation products that we can measure reflect the activity of specific chemical pathways that are selectively activated by hyperglycaemia in patients that are inherently more susceptible to diabetic complications, and can be used to solve other diabetes-related medical questions.
Cross-section Data Synchronization of Three Gorges Hydropower Dispatching Automation System

There are a lot of real-time applications in Three Gorges Hydropower Dispatching Automation System.But it is difficult to get cross-section data from real-time application database.Cross-section data synchronization technical solution is used to meet these requirements and improve system performance.It is discussed that how to fully utilize the advanced functionality and commercial database software combined water system software,security quickly isolate and correct the errors of the data,ensuring the availability of data and cross section data in real time and consistency.
Analysis on dynamic water closing test of butterfly valve for hydro-power unit in Baishan Pumped Storage Hydropower Station

The dynamic water closing tests are respectively made on the butterfly valves for two hydro-power units in Baishan Pumped Storage Hydropower Station,so as to test the reliability of the closing of both the butterfly valves for the units therein under the dynamic water condition and obtain the closing law and the stability parameters of the valve bodies during the closing,and then to determine the safety factor of the closing for the valves;for which the result of the experiment analysis is given herein as well.
Influence of Thiotepa and Doxorubicin Instillation at Time of Transurethral Surgical Treatment of Bladder Cancer on Tumor Recurrence: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

AbstractThe influence of the instillation of thiotepa or doxorubicin hydrochloride into the bladder at the end of transurethral surgical treatment on the recurrence of bladder cancer was evaluated. We studied in a randomized, double-blind, controlled fashion 89 patients with transitional cell epithelioma (carcinoma in situ or papillary carcinoma) whose tumors were considered to have been completely removed. Of these patients 28 (the control group) received a placebo (sterile water), 30 received thiotepa and 31 received doxorubicin. By 3 to 4 months postoperatively 71 per cent of the control group, and 30 and 32 per cent, respectively, of the patients treated with thiotepa and doxorubicin had recurrences (p less than 0.01). Additional treatment during the followup interval was ineffective in all groups. Patients studied also were classified according to grade, histological findings, multiplicity of tumors and history of bladder tumor. Treatment was most effective in reducing recurrence in patients with low...
IL-4 sensitivity shapes the peripheral CD8+ T cell pool and response to infection

Previous studies have revealed that a population of innate memory CD8+ T cells is generated in response to IL-4, first appearing in the thymus and bearing high expression levels of Eomesodermin (Eomes) but not T-bet. However, the antigen specificity and functional properties of these cells is poorly defined. In this study, we show that IL-4 regulates not only the frequency and function of innate memory CD8+ T cells, but also regulates Eomes expression levels and functional reactivity of naive CD8+ T cells. Lack of IL-4 responsiveness attenuates the capacity of CD8+ T cells to mount a robust response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, with both quantitative and qualitative effects on effector and memory antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Unexpectedly, we found that, although numerically rare, memory phenotype CD8+ T cells in IL-4Rα–deficient mice exhibited enhanced reactivity after in vitro and in vivo stimulation. Importantly, our data revealed that these effects of IL-4 exposure occur before, not during, infection. Together, these data show that IL-4 influences the entire peripheral CD8+ T cell pool, influencing expression of T-box transcription factors, functional reactivity, and the capacity to respond to infection. These findings indicate that IL-4, a canonical Th2 cell cytokine, can sometimes promote rather than impair Th1 cell–type immune responses.
Counting Clusters in Twitter Posts

The Internet is full of information contained in short texts. These texts, sometimes called microblogs, can include a wealth of useful data. Twitter is a well known microblogging platform and has been mined for everything from earthquake detection to suicide prevention. One approach to nding information in Twitter posts is to cluster the tweets. The clustering associates posts that are common in some way. When using K-Means clustering, a major challenge is simply in determining a good value for the number of clusters. Our research has shown that using simple term based statistics can be used to choose the number of clusters. This approach is signi cantly faster and produces better clusters when compared to other cluster counting techniques. Additionally, the term based approach itself produces groupings of tweets that have similar quality when compared to clusters produced with K-Means.
Food-Grade Chemicals for Use in Designing Food Preservative Systems

Now that energy has become a world problem, cheap, effective chemical preservation is critical. This discussion forwards a new concept in food preservation. The concept is based on a 'systems' approach, using three common foodstuffs: monolaurin, food-grade phenolics and chelator, three multifunctional food materials, whose history as potential preservatives is reviewed. Although monolaurin (Lauricidin) is a Generally Recognized As Safe chemical, its use as part of a 'preservative system' is new. Comparisons of its germicidal activity by investigators have shown it to be more effective than proprionates, benzoates and even sorbic acid. The common antioxidants, tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) or tert-butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) have been shown since 1967 to affect a number of different microorganisms, including viruses. The chelator ethylenediamineacetate (EDT A) has weak biocidal activity on its own but can potentiate the effect of the first two biocidal agents, particularly against gram-negative bacteria. The three common food chemicals therefore become part of a 'preservative system'. The amount and ratio of one to the other is determined by the specific need for microbiological protection.
Chimerism Analysis Is Predictive of Relapse-Free Survival After Allogeneic Transplantation for MDS

Abstract Abstract 1332 Chimerism analysis permits evaluation of the extent of donor engraftment following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) via differentiation between donor- and recipient-derived cells. Though relapse remains a major cause of treatment failure post-HCT for hematologic malignancies, the clinical utility of chimerism analysis for the early detection of morphologic relapse varies between different diseases and remains controversial. The predictive value of chimerism analysis for relapse rates and mortality in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is not well-described. We reviewed serial chimerism results for 72 consecutive patients (pts) who underwent allogeneic HCT for MDS between 1999 and 2009; 9 pts were excluded from analysis due to lack of appropriately timed chimerism studies. Donor engraftment was initially assessed 28 days post-HCT and then at 2-week intervals through day 100. Chimerism studies were performed with peripheral blood using a short tandem repeat assay by PCR-based analysis. Acute and chronic GVHD rate, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed for patients with donor leukocyte chimerism and T-cell chimerism ≥95% and Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF HEMOGLOBIN

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has become a powerful probe of local molecular structure in biological macromolecules. Vibrational absorption bands from each of the cysteine SH groups in hemoglobin have been identified and studied by use of aqueous solutions of human, pig, horse, and cow hemoglobin, and isolated α-chains. The vibrational absorption band frequency of α-104 cysteine SH is highly sensitive to change in α-chain tertiary structure and quaternary structure of the tetramer, and is modulated by the heme-ligand complex in the sequence, HbCO 2 ˜ HbCN) + −1 and 1107 cm −1 by Fermi resonance with the iron-oxygen vibrational overtone. This strong vibrational coupling is associated with a polarized covalent iron-oxygen bond.
The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and tissues in the adult body form. Yet, each year more components of individual signaling pathways are discovered, and studies indicate that depending on the context there is significant cross-talk among most of these pathways. This complexity makes studying cell-to-cell signaling in any in vivo developmental model system a difficult task. In addition, efficient functional analyses are required to characterize molecules associated with signaling pathways identified from the large data sets generated by next generation differential screens. Here, we illustrate a straightforward method to efficiently identify components of signal transduction pathways governing cell fate and axis specification in sea urchin embryos. The genomic and morphological simplicity of embryos similar to those of the sea urchin make them powerful in vivo developmental models for understanding complex signaling interactions. The methodology described here can be used as a template for identifying novel signal transduction molecules in individual pathways as well as the interactions among the molecules in the various pathways in many other organisms.
Super power(Special Report)

The application of superconductors to electric power systems has been pursued for more than 30 years. This persistence has good reason. In principle, the materials can be used to build more compact and more efficient devices, and to make energy transportation and storage systems more efficient—and to do so in a fashion that is more friendly to the environment.
Development of a new model tool for evaluating groundwater resources within the Floridan Aquifer System in Southern Florida, USA

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) are partners in an ambitious plan to restore water flows throughout the Everglades ecosystem. An important component of the restoration plan involves storing excess stormwater deep underground in the Floridan Aquifer System using aquifer, storage and recovery (ASR) wells. In order to determine the optimal ASR system and to assess environmental impacts, USACE spent over 11 years and significant resources to develop a three-dimensional groundwater model of the Floridan Aquifer System covering a large portion of the Florida peninsula. This SEAWAT model is capable of evaluating changes in aquifer pressures and density-dependent flows in the entire study area. The model has been used to evaluate the Everglades ASR system already but could also be used by water managers for other important water resources studies in Florida including water supply estimates and adaptation to climate change. As part of an effort to make the model more readily available for other important studies, this study documents and summarizes the overall development of the SEAWAT model including a discussion regarding the intensive calibration and validation efforts undertaken during model development. The paper then demonstrates the use of the model using Everglades ASR project alternatives. Lastly, the paper outlines potential future uses of the model along with its overall limitations. Supplementary online resources are also included that provide researchers with further detail regarding the model development effort beyond the scope of this summary article as well as model development databases.
Modelling and Materials Science of Cement-Based Materials Part I: An Overview

A selection of models for the microstructure of cement-based materials are reviewed. The models are relevant to the approach of materials science in that they intend to help establish a basic understanding of materials properties and the relationships between processing and properties. Strategies and goals of modelling are considered.
Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy to prevent preterm delivery.

Case study: E.R., a 23-year-old Mexican-American woman, presents for her first prenatal visit after a positive home pregnancy test. Her last menstrual cycle was 12 weeks ago.
Introduction to Digital Government

Open image in new window The goal of this chapter is to provide a general idea of the characteristics, scope, goals, current status, and future prospects of digital government. Digital government is defined as the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular the internet, to transform the relationship between government and society in a positive manner. Two coexisting reform paradigms of digital government – the participatory and the managerial approach – are briefly introduced. Both paradigms aim to improve the relationship between government and society in such a way that government is perceived as more responsive, accessible, transparent, responsible, participatory, efficient, and effective than before. Moreover, digital government models aiming to explain, predict, and prescribe how digital government develops are presented. Finally, an overview about the target audience, structure, and learning goals of this textbook is given.
Seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in various groups of individuals in Korea.

We studied the prevalence of anti-HCV in 585 sera from various individuals, using enzyme immunoassay (ElA, Abbott Lab.). Anti-HCV was detected in 16 (10.7%) out of the 150 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of none out of 10 acute viral hepatitis, 3 out of 15 chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 out of 50 chronic active hepatitis, 2 out of 32 liver cirrhosis, and 7 out of 43 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 43 (45.3%) out of 95 patients with HBsAg negative liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of 5 out of 8 acute viral hepatitis, 2 out of 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 17 out of 30 chronic active hepatitis, 4 out of 15 liver cirrhosis, and 15 out of 32 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 22 (38.6%) out of 57 hemodialysis patients, in 3 (6.7%) out of 45 kidney transplants, in 2 (11.1%) out of 18 fatty liver diagnosed by liver biopsy, in 2 (1.3%) out of 150 healthy blood donors, in none out of 40 healthy volunteers, in 6 (31.6%) out of 19 rheumatoid arthritis and in 6 (54.5%) out of 11 systemic lupus erythematosis cases. There were familial clusters of chronic liver diseases in 4.7% of patients with HBsAg negative/anti-HCV positive chronic liver diseases, while in 19.4% of patients with HBsAg positive/anti-HCV negative liver diseases. Incidence of anti-HCV within patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases was higher in HBsAg negative patients than in HBsAg positive patients (17.6% and 10.3%, respectively). In hemodialysis patients, the number of hemodialysis procedures was significantly higher in anti-HCV positive patients than in anti-HCV negative patients (P<0.009), but the amount of blood transfusion showed no difference between anti-HCV positive and negative patients. We concluded that HCV might be an important cause of various types of HBsAg negative liver diseases in Korea, and intrafamilial transmission of HCV might be less common than of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and long duration of hemodialysis might be related to the increment of incidence of anti-HCV in hemodialysis units, and the high frequency of false positive anti-HCV in autoimmune disorders without evidence of any liver diseases might limit the use of the current anti-HCV tests.
Information Theory, Machine Learning, and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces

The common problem faced by many data processing professionals is how to best extract the information contained in data. In our daily lives and in our professions, we are bombarded by huge amounts of data, but most often data are not our primary interest. Data hides, either in time structure or in spatial redundancy, important clues to answer the information-processing questions we pose. We are using the term information in the colloquial sense, and therefore it may mean different things to different people, which is OK for now. We all realize that the use of computers and the Web accelerated tremendously the accessibility and the amount of data being generated. Therefore the pressure to distill information from data will mount at an increasing pace in the future, and old ways of dealing with this problem will be forced to evolve and adapt to the new reality. To many (including the author) this represents nothing less than a paradigm shift, from hypothesis-based, to evidence-based science and it will affect the core design strategies in many disciplines including learning theory and adaptive systems.
Cultivation and Preservation of Fungi in Culture

Pure culture methodology allows an investigator to detect, isolate, identify, and quantify numbers and kinds of fungi from a wide array of environments and to define the nutritional, chemical, and environmental requirements for their growth and metabolism. Studies with pure cultures not only enhance understanding of any natural ecosystem within infected hosts or in the environment, but also help in the determination of molecular architecture and screening for novel activity/compounds. Pure culture methodology is the foundation of fundamental and applied research, as well as the commercial exploitation of fungi.
Multiple, Switchable Protein:RNA Interactions Regulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle assembly requires several protein:RNA interactions that vary widely in their character, from specific recognition of highly conserved and structured viral RNA elements to less specific interactions with variable RNA sequences. Genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies have illuminated how virion morphogenesis is accompanied by dramatic changes in the interactions among the protein and RNA virion components. The 5' leader RNA element drives RNA recognition by Gag upon initiation of HIV-1 assembly and can assume variable conformations that influence translation, dimerization, and Gag recognition. As Gag multimerizes on the plasma membrane, forming immature particles, its RNA binding specificity transiently changes, enabling recognition of the A-rich composition of the viral genome. Initiation of assembly may also be regulated by occlusion of the membrane binding surface of Gag by tRNA. Finally, recent work has suggested that RNA interactions with viral enzymes may activate and ensure the accuracy of virion maturation.
PEAK Pre-Assessments: Preliminary Evidence Establishing Internal Consistency and Construct Validity

Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge (PEAK) is a behavior-analytic tool that assesses and teaches language and cognitive abilities. PEAK preassessment total scores showed statistically significant correlations with measures of intelligence (r = .703, p = .023) and adaptive behavior (r = .618, p = .018), whereas no significant correlations were found between PEAK and age, autism diagnostic instruments, or aggression scales in a sample (N = 18) receiving behavior-analytic assessment in an autism clinic. Statistically significant correlations were found between all modules within the PEAK system (p ≤ .001). Results provide preliminary evidence of the construct validity and internal consistency of the PEAK preassessments.
Radiographic and CT features of colonic entrapment due to an omental rent in a dog

A 2-year-old female spayed Great Dane presented for inappetence and lethargy. Abdominal radiographs revealed a severely gas-distended segment of colon. Computed tomography was performed and characterized a 180° anticlockwise colonic torsion with entrapment in a mesenteric/omental rent without vascular compromise. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed entrapment, but not colonic torsion. Computed tomography provided important information to assist clinical management decisions for this dog with colonic entrapment.
On the stability of the generalized, finite deformation correspondence model of peridynamics

Abstract A class of peridynamic material models known as constitutive correspondence models provide a bridge between classical continuum mechanics and peridynamics. These models are useful because they allow well-established local constitutive theories to be used within the nonlocal framework of peridynamics. A recent finite deformation correspondence theory (Foster and Xu, 2018) was developed and reported to improve stability properties of the original correspondence model (Silling et al., 2007). This paper presents a stability analysis that indicates the reported advantages of the new theory were overestimated. Homogeneous deformations are analyzed and shown to exibit unstable material behavior at the continuum level. Additionally, the effects of a particle discretization on the stability of the model are reported. Numerical examples demonstrate the large errors induced by the unstable behavior. Stabilization strategies and practical applications of the new finite deformation model are discussed.
Thermal expansion and anisotropic pressure derivatives of T c in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 single crystals

Heat capacity and anisotropic thermal expansion were measured for $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ $(x=0,0.038,0.074)$ single crystals. Thermal expansion is anisotropic and, in tetragonal phase, is significantly higher along the $c$ axis. Previously reported phase transitions, including possibly split structural and magnetic for $x=0.038$, are clearly seen in both measurements. Uniaxial pressure derivatives of the superconducting transition temperature inferred from the Ehrenfest relation have opposite signs for in-plane and $c$-axis pressures for both $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{0.962}{\text{Co}}_{0.038})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ and $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{0.926}{\text{Co}}_{0.074})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$, with the opposite sign of this anisotropy.
The Effect of Trait Core Confidence on the Relationship Between Job Characteristics and Engagement

Due to current demographic trends, many organizations may soon face a drain of organizational knowledge and a shortage of qualified employees to fill vacant leadership roles, increasing the importa...
Measuring work engagement in a multigenerational nursing workforce

Aim To examine the level of work engagement among Veteran-aged, Baby Boomer, Generation X, (Gen X) and Millennial registered nurses. Background Workforce engagement plays a critical role in health care organisations. Organisations with a highly engaged nursing workforce outperform those organisations that have disengaged or non-engaged employees. Method Quantitative non-experimental causal comparative study measured multigenerational nurses' level of work engagement. Results Veteran-aged nurses were the most engaged, followed by Baby Boomer, Gen X and Millennial. The sample scored highest on dedication and lowest on vigour. Veterans and Baby Boomer nurses were statistically different than Gen X and Millennial nurses in their level of engagement. There were no statistical differences between Veteran and Baby Boomers and between Gen X and Millennials in their level of engagement. Conclusions Gen X and Millennial RNs scored lowest on level of engagement and are statistically similar in their level of disengagement. Implication for nursing management Nurse managers must prioritize engagement strategies as a core function of their leadership role. It is essential that leaders cultivate an employee engagement culture across a multigenerational workforce. Nurse leaders should take full advantage of the experience of the retiring generations to mentor and transfer critical knowledge to the Gen X and Millennial nurses.
MitosRNAs and extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus are the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrate. Annual killifish inhabit ephemeral ponds, producing drought and anoxia-tolerant embryos, which allows the species to persist generation after generation. Anoxia tolerance and physiology vary by developmental stage, creating a unique opportunity for comparative study within the species. A recent study of small ncRNA expression in A. limnaeus embryos in response to anoxia and aerobic recovery revealed small ncRNAs with expression patterns that suggest a role in supporting anoxia tolerance. MitosRNAs, small ncRNAs derived from the mitochondrial genome, emerged as an interesting group of these sequences. MitosRNAs derived from mitochondrial tRNAs were differentially expressed in developing embryos and isolated cells exhibiting extreme anoxia tolerance. In this study we focus on expression of mitosRNAs derived from tRNA-cysteine, and their subcellular and organismal localization in order to consider possible function. These tRNA-cys mitosRNAs appear enriched in the mitochondria, particularly near the nucleus, and also appear to be present in the cytoplasm. We provide evidence that mitosRNAs are generated in the mitochondria in response to anoxia, though the precise mechanism of biosynthesis remains unclear. MitosRNAs derived from tRNA-cys localize to numerous tissues, and increase in the anterior brain during anoxia. We hypothesize that these RNAs may play a role in regulating gene expression that supports extreme anoxia tolerance.
Visible Light-Mediated (Hetero)aryl Amination Using Ni(II) Salts and Photoredox Catalysis in Flow: A Synthesis of Tetracaine

We report a visible light-mediated flow process for C-N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with a variety of amine coupling partners through the use of a photoredox/nickel dual catalyst system. Compared to the method in batch, this flow process enables a broader substrate scope, including less-activated (hetero)aryl bromides and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl chlorides, and significantly reduced reaction times (10 to 100 min). Furthermore, scale up of the reaction, demonstrated through the synthesis of tetracaine, is easily achieved, delivering the C-N cross-coupled products in consistently high yield of 84% on up to a 10 mmol scale.
A Religious Paradox: Can Priming Ideas of God Reduce Rape Victim Blame?

Rape victim blame contributes to unreported incidents of sexual assault and failure to support victims (Ahrens in American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3-4), 263-274, 2006). The present study investigated the relationship between religiosity, religious priming, and rape victim blame. Using an online Qualtrics panel, 247 U.S. participants were randomly assigned to either a neutral prime or a religious prime. They then read a short vignette of an acquaintance rape scenario and answered questions regarding perceptions of victim blame, victim credibility, benevolent and hostile sexism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA). Results revealed that the religious prime reduced victim blame for highly religious participants but not among participants scoring lower in religiosity. The results confirmed that religiosity was positively correlated with both victim blame and RMA. The data also confirmed previous findings that men scored higher on blame than women and that higher religiosity correlated with higher victim blame. Additionally, RMA mediated the relationship between religiosity and rape victim blame. The results of this study could prove valuable in settings where sexual assault demands action from specifically religious individuals or institutions (e.g., jurors on a rape case in a highly-religious region or religious universities trying to confront the high prevalence of sexual assault on campus).
Voices from Mariel: Oral Histories of the 1980 Cuban Boatlift: by José Manuel García, Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2018, 178 pp., $24.95 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-8130-5666-1The Mariel Boatlift: A Cuban-American Journey, by Victor Andres Triay, Gainesville, University of Florida Press, 2019, 235 pp., $24.95 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-1-68340-092-9

In the controversial 1983 film Scarface, director Brian De Palma and screenwriter Oliver Stone updated the iconic 1932 motion picture of the same name by using the Mariel Boatlift as a narrative ca...
Direction of Arrival Estimation of Digital Sources With Uni-Vector-Sensor ESPRIT

This paper addresses the multi-source direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem involving a single electromagnetic vector sensor. The Uni-Vector-Sensor ESPRIT algorithm was originally devised for the harmonic signal model to estimate the DOA and polarization of up to five uncorrelated sources. Here we show that this algorithm may be applied to the case where the sources are digitally modulated signals. The performance with this signal model is comparable to the case of harmonic sources. However, this requires the time lag between data sets in the Uni-Vector-Sensor ESPRIT algorithm to be small relative to the symbol periods of the digital signals. This is necessary for high correlation of the signals between the data sets. However, the delay must still be large enough to maintain distinct phase offsets between the sources. The performance of the algorithm for digitally modulated sources and its limitations were verified through simulations and compared to other algorithms.
Neural activity modulations and motor recovery following brain-exoskeleton interface mediated stroke rehabilitation.

Abstract Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) based on scalp EEG have the potential to promote cortical plasticity following stroke, which has been shown to improve motor recovery outcomes. However, the efficacy of BMI enabled robotic training for upper-limb recovery is seldom quantified using clinical, EEG-based, and kinematics-based metrics. Further, a movement related neural correlate that can predict the extent of motor recovery still remains elusive, which impedes the clinical translation of BMI-based stroke rehabilitation. To address above knowledge gaps, 10 chronic stroke individuals with stable baseline clinical scores were recruited to participate in 12 therapy sessions involving a BMI enabled powered exoskeleton for elbow training. On average, 132 ± 22 repetitions were performed per participant, per session. BMI accuracy across all sessions and subjects was 79 ± 18% with a false positives rate of 23 ± 20%. Post-training clinical assessments found that FMA for upper extremity and ARAT scores significantly improved over baseline by 3.92 ± 3.73 and 5.35 ± 4.62 points, respectively. Also, 80% participants (7 with moderate-mild impairment, 1 with severe impairment) achieved minimal clinically important difference (MCID: FMA-UE >5.2 or ARAT >5.7) during the course of the study. Kinematic measures indicate that, on average, participants’ movements became faster and smoother. Moreover, modulations in movement related cortical potentials, an EEG-based neural correlate measured contralateral to the impaired arm, were significantly correlated with ARAT scores (ρ = 0.72, p
In-process monitoring of total organic volatiles during packaging film manufacturing using portable sensors

Abstract Organic solvents are widely used to facilitate ink and coating applications during the lamination of packaging substrates using adhesives. These solvents may remain sequestered between the laminated layers due to their slow diffusion through the laminate structure. This diffusion increases the potential for subsequent migration into food. The residual solvents (also referred to as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) in laminated films are a significant concern due to heightened regulatory, consumer, and environmental pressure in domestic and global markets. There is a need to develop in-process detection systems for packaging materials as conventional benchtop laboratory analyses are time-consuming, costly, and do not allow for 100% inspection. This work demonstrates an in-process detection system for monitoring VOCs on a commercial food grade film lamination line. This in-process detection system consists of portable sensors including photoionization detector, semiconducting metal oxide sensor, infrared sensor, and electrochemical sensor. Correlations were found between the sensor signals generated from VOC detection during the lamination process and post-conversion benchtop gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analyses for several solventless and solvent based adhesives. The correlation coefficients between the readings of the electrochemical sensor and GC data were 0.75 and 0.91 for the solventless and Matte Lacquer Ethyl Acetate based adhesive, respectively. Strong positive correlations were also found among the response signals from most sensors for each type of adhesive. Linear regression modeling was completed to predict GC results from the sensor data measured in-process during the lamination process. Results showed that the sensor readings can predict the total amount of VOCs detected by GC-FID with high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.90) for the solventless adhesive, ethyl alcohol based adhesive and ethyl acetate based adhesive formulation two. This study is among the first that utilized portable sensors for the detection of VOCs during the film lamination process in the food packaging industry and compared the sensor readings with the results of laboratory GC-FID. Findings of this study demonstrate potential to decrease cost of laboratory analysis, improve solvent and adhesive application control, and increase traceability with nearly 100% inspection of packaging substrates utilizing in-process monitoring technologies. This study also demonstrated viability of in-process regulatory compliance for laminated packaging.
Iron—The Material of Industry

This chapter describes the history of iron from the first uses of meteoric iron shaped to make daggers and swords through the use of wrought and cast iron and then onto steel, a metal alloy that enabled a global transition towards industrialization. The ability to design the properties of steel for a wide range of applications has made it the most widely used metal today. With steel we built into the sky, connected cities, and conquered the oceans. The chapter concludes by considering the enormous carbon footprint associated with the production of steel.
Adolescent Varicocelectomy: Success at What Cost? Clinical Outcome and Cost Comparison of Surgical Ligation and Percutaneous Embolization

Objectives: Evaluate clinical outcome, recurrence, morbidity, and cost associated with laparoscopic surgical ligation versus percutaneous embolization of adolescent varicocele. We hypothesize that ...
Age-varying time trends in cannabis- and alcohol-related risk perceptions 2002-2019.

Abstract Background Alcohol- and cannabis-related risk perceptions are strong predictors of use behavior. Studies suggest that attitudes toward cannabis are becoming increasingly permissive, however studies have yet to comprehensively a) compare time trends in cannabis-related attitudes to those of other commonly used substances, such as alcohol, and b) test whether trends significantly differ by age. Method Public access data from the National Study on Drug Use and Health from 2002 to 2019 were used (N = 1,005,421). Structural Equation Models tested whether study year (linear trend), was associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related risk perceptions (correlated outcomes), and whether age (adolescence [12–17], emerging adulthood [18–25], adulthood [26–35], middle adulthood [36–49], and older adulthood [50+]) moderated time trends. Sex, race/ethnicity, and use frequency were covaried. Results The linear trend of study year was associated with decreased cannabis-related risk perceptions (p Conclusions Findings suggest that cannabis-related risk perceptions are becoming more permissive with time across ages, but particularly in adults, emerging adults, and middle adults. In contrast, alcohol-related risk perceptions have stayed relatively stable over time, with only negligible increases. Findings underscore the importance of targeting permissive cannabis-related attitudes via prevention efforts.
Second-Order Linear Parabolic Equations

Parabolic equations arise in diffusion processes, and more generally in “irreversible” time-dependent processes. Mathematically, this is reflected in the fact that the equations are not invariant under the reversal of time ; i.e., under the transformation t → —t. This means that knowledge about the “past” is lost as time increases. For example, there may be dissipation effects which lead to an increase in entropy and a consequent loss of information.
The Erythrocyte: Physiology, Metabolism, and Biochemical Disorders

Publisher Summary Mammalian erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) are anucleate cells that normally circulate for several months in blood despite limited synthetic capacities and repeated exposures to mechanical and metabolic insults. Their primary purpose is to carry hemoglobin (Hb), a heme-containing protein that accounts for 95% of the total protein in RBCs. The benefits of having Hb contained within cells, as opposed to free in plasma, include the much slower turnover in blood, the metabolic capability of RBCs to maintain iron in Hb in the functional ferrous state, and the ability to control Hb oxygen affinity by altering the concentrations of organic phosphates (especially 2,3DPG). In addition, the presence of free Hb in plasma in concentrations normally found in whole blood would exert an osmotic pressure several times greater than that normally exerted by plasma proteins, profoundly affecting the movement of fluid between the vascular system and tissues.