cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in the sites of iodination of proteins following four methods of radioiodination

The rate of deiodination of radioiodinated proteins varies with the method of iodination. To elucidate differences in the iodinated protein labeled by various methods, we have hydrolyzed fibrinogen and several small peptides iodinated by the iodine monochloride, chloramine-T, electrolytic and enzymatic methods. Under conditions of either acidic or basic proteolysis, extensive deiodination occurred and the major product was I-. When a protease of Streptomyces griseus was used, radio-iodinated fibrinogen and other polypeptides were degraded to single iodinated amino acid residues and only a small yield of I-. The iodinated amino acids resulting from proteolysis were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The iodine monochloride and enzymatic methods yielded largely iodotyrosine with small amounts of other iodinated amino acids. The chloramine-T product spectrum varied with the chloramine-T:protein ratio, whereas the electrolytic method yield was a complex function of the reaction conditions. The different methods of iodination lead to some differences in the site of iodination which correlate with stability of the protein-iodine bond.
Molecular Weight Distribution of (1→3)(1→4)-β-Glucan Affects Pasting Properties of Flour from Oat Lines with High and Typical Amounts of β-Glucan

ABSTRACT Experimental (N979-5-2-4 and IA95111) and traditional oat lines (Jim and Paul) with average %β-glucan of 7.5, 7.8, 4.9, and 4.4%, respectively, were grown in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Molecular weight (MW) distributions of the β-glucans were examined for potential variations among growing years and for relationships with pasting properties measured by Rapid ViscoAnalyser under three separate conditions: 1) in silver nitrate (SN) solution to inactivate enzymes; 2) hydrolyzed by α-amylase to eliminate the effect of starch; and 3) treated with lichenase to remove β-glucan. The β-glucan was extracted by a process involving multiple precipitation and dialysis steps, and the MW distributions were determined by HPLC. %β-Glucan in N979-5-2-4 and IA95111 lines were consistently and significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in Jim and Paul lines during three growing years. The contribution of β-glucan to peak viscosity on the RVA was substantially greater than that of the starch for all three years. The molecular ...
GRIN optics with transition elements in gel-silica matrices

Sol-gel technology is providing a viable alternative path towards developing doped optical components via impregnation of Type VI gel silica using a vapor or liquid phase. Past work presented an optical technique for determining quantitative mass transport properties of Cr 3+ ions within the water filled porous phase of Type VI silica. Ion influx is measured by integrating the strong absorption bands produced by the chromium in the visible region. Diffusion coefficients are determined for an array of pore properties (radius, volume, surface area) as well as solution concentrations. Diffusion coefficients are calculated to be 2.0 X 10 -8 cm 2 /sec for the most restricted case and approach 1.6 X 10 -6 cm 2 /sec, the bulk liquid diffusion coefficient, as the ratio of diffusing solute diameter to the pore diameter decreases. Final chromium distributions are determined using electron microprobe x-ray. Higher chromium distributions are found on surfaces of the gels from which solvent is restricted from evaporating. Sample geometries affect the percent change of concentration across the cross-section.
A response to “measuring readability: A comparison of accounting textbooks”

Abstract In a recent article in the Journal of Accounting Education, Flory, Phillips, and Tassin use several formulas to measure the readability of accounting textbooks. Flory et al. describe an alternative measure of readability, the cloze procedure, as relatively less valid and reliable than readability formulas. This article compares readability formulas to the cloze procedure and reports why experts in reading not only consider readability formulas to be inappropriate measures of adult reading comprehension but also why the cloze procedure is the method of choice in assessing adult readers.
Electricity derivatives and risk management

Electricity spot prices in the emerging power markets are volatile, a consequence of the unique physical attributes of electricity production and distribution. Uncontrolled exposure to market price risks can lead to devastating consequences for market participants in the restructured electricity industry. Lessons learned from the financial markets suggest that financial derivatives, when well understood and properly utilized, are beneficial to the sharing and controlling of undesired risks through properly structured hedging strategies. We review different types of electricity financial instruments and the general methodology for utilizing and pricing such instruments. In particular, we highlight the roles of these electricity derivatives in mitigating market risks and structuring hedging strategies for generators, load serving entities, and power marketers in various risk management applications. Finally, we conclude by pointing out the existing challenges in current electricity markets for increasing the breadth, liquidity and use of electricity derivatives for achieving economic efficiency.
Levels of activity of glucose-6-phosphate-, lactate-, and malate dehydrogenase in cells of unkeratinized oral epithelium in the rabbit.

Abstract Samples of the basal, lower spinous, upper spinous, and superficial layers from the unkeratinized buccal epithelium of the rabbit, as well as of whole epithelium, were isolated and assayed for levels of glucose-6-phosphate-, lactate-, and malate dehydrogenase activity. For each enzyme, levels of activity were highest in the basal layer and decreased progressively through the more superficially located layers. The pattern for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was different from those in the buccal and palatal epithelium (both keratinized) of the rat, for in the rat the highest levels of activity were in the spinous layers and the lowest was in the basal. This suggests that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role in the formation of the stratum corneum. The patterns for lactate- and malate dehydrogenase were the same as in the buccal and palatal epithelium of the rat. In whole epithelium, the malate: lactate: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ratio was 10:6:1. For each enzyme, the activity level was higher than has been reported in the epidermis in several vertebrates, but less than we had found in rat oral epithelium.
Molecular “eyewitness”: Forensic prediction of phenotype and ancestry

Abstract When an STR DNA profile obtained from crime scene evidence does not match identified suspects or profiles from available databases, further DNA analyses targeted at inferring the possible ancestral origin and phenotypic characteristics of the perpetrator (i.e. hair color, skin color and eye color) could yield valuable information. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common form of genetic polymorphisms, have alleles associated with specific populations and/or correlated to physical characteristics. We have used Single Base primer Extension (SBE) technology to develop panels which include 103 ancestry and phenotype markers selected from recent literature. DNA samples, along with corresponding ancestry/phenotype survey information and spectrophotometric skin color data, have been collected from 276 anonymous volunteers of varying ethnicity, gender and age. These samples, and additional samples of known ancestry, have been screened with the SBE panels to assess the predictive value of the candidate SNPs, with the goal of identifying the optimal panel of SNPs to efficiently assess an unknown individual's characteristics. STRUCTURE software analysis showed that individuals are classified in the expected groups. Also Principal Component Analysis was performed for pigmentation (eye, hair, and skin) and for biogeographic ancestry of individuals. Results show that the different categories in which individuals were classified for each trait could be graphically separated with a reduced number of selected SNPs. Several SNPs provide information for both pigmentation and ancestry; thus, we expect that it will be possible to generate informative inferences with a panel of 30–35 SNPs.
Inhibition of protein carboxylmethylation and dopamine autoreceptor functioning.

Abstract S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH, 2–100 μM) greatly inhibited protein carboxymethylation (PCM) in rat striatal synaptosomes, but did not alter the ability of apomorphine and other DA agonists to inhibit DA synthesis. SAH (10 μM) also did not significantly alter the ability of either 0.5 or 1.0 μM apomorphine to inhibit DA release from superfused rat striatal tissue slices, but it did antagonize the response to 5.0 μM apomorphine. The former two concentrations of apomorphine predominantly affected only DA release, whereas the latter concentration suppressed both DA and acetylcholine release. These findings are discussed with regard to the possible relationship between DA autoreceptor functioning and PCM activity.
Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the entire length of the spinal cord in the rat.

Summary Using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, projections were found from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to all levels of the spinal cord in rat. In addition to the previously described projections from nucleus caudalis, axons originate from two areas — one overlapping the nucleus caudalis and interpolaris and one in the ventral division of nucleus oralis — and descend as far as the lumbosacral cord. Projections from the nucleus caudalis and interpolaris are primarily ipsilateral to all levels of the spinal cord. Cells in the nucleus oralis innervating the cervical cord are distributed bilaterally. Projections from the nucleus oralis to the thoracic and lumbosacral segments are entirely crossed, lighter and less extensive than those to cervical levels. Trigeminospinal cells originate from several loci that strongly overlap the distributions of both trigeminotectal and trigeminocerebellar neurons. These findings thus reveal a new and more complexly organized system of trigeminospinal projections than previously recognized.
Equilibrium folding-unfolding pathways of model proteins: effect of myoglobin-heme contacts.

The equilibrium of protein folding–unfolding has been investigated with a simple two-state, native and random-coil, model; we have termed this the globule–coil model. Energies are calculated by favoring native long-range contact pairs. Most-probable native domains are obtained at all stages of the transition; plausible folding pathways are constructed by connecting these domains by assuming simple growth. Even though native heme–protein contacts represent less than 6% of the total number of native contact pairs, their inclusion appears to change the folding pathway of apomyoglobin from the growth and merging of two native domains to the growth of a single domain. This indicates that pathways derived with this method may be critically sensitive to the details of the contact map and physical constraints during the folding process.
The peripheral spectrum of a nonnegative matrix

Abstract In this paper we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a collection of Jordan blocks to correspond to the peripheral spectrum of a nonnegative matrix. We arrive at our condition by linking the Tam–Schneider condition to the level sets (with respect to the spectral radius) of a nonnegative matrix.
Thoughts for the Future

had worked, along with scores of others, for months and months, in an effort to get the Congress to take seriously the proposals embodied in the legislation proposed by the administration back in 1958. Looking back on it, we were in earnest. We believed almost passionately in what we were proposing, and we labored accordingly. But looking back on those days, I don't think we really expected to succeed. After all, the Congress had refused for generations to do anything constructive about the shortcomings of American education. Indeed, we may even have been emboldened, in our presentations and in our claims, by the almost certain knowledge that no one was listening to us. And then, on the last day of the Eighty-Fifth Congress, just hours short of adjournment, the National Defense Education Act was passed, and our idealistic scribblings, our fond academic hopes, were suddenly transformed into one of the most terrifying of human inventions-public law. No one was prepared for such a contingency. To be sure, an elaborate table of administrative organization had been worked out, but only-as I recall it-to impress upon the Congress the thoroughness of our staff work; and not out of any conviction that we would ever be called upon to implement our own proposals. After all, we were idea men! I recall my fateful interview with Arthur Fleming, then Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, who-and I say this to his eternal credit-alone among us had enjoyed some real sense of potential success in this legislative mission. He asked me if I would assume responsibility for the administration of the higher education programs of the NDEA. Half in sheer bravado and half out of concern for the fact that the alternative was
Influence of Cirrus Clouds on Weather and Climate Processes: A Global Perspective

Abstract Current understanding and knowledge of the composition and structure of cirrus clouds are reviewed and documented in this paper. In addition, the radiative properties of cirrus clouds as they relate to weather and climate processes are described in detail. To place the relevance and importance of cirrus composition, structure and radiative properties into a global perspective, we present pertinent results derived from simulation experiments utilizing models with varying degrees of complexity, which have been carried out for the investigation of the influence of cirrus clouds on the thermodynamics and dynamics of the atmosphere. In light of these reviews, suggestions are outlined for cirrus-radiation activities aimed toward the development and improvement of weather and climate models for a physical understanding of cause and effect relationships and for prediction purposes.
Adaptive pacing during ventricular fibrillation.

While it has been shown that pacing during ventricular fibrillation (VF) can capture a portion of the epicardium, little is known about the characteristics of the area captured or about whether adaptively changing the pacing rate during VF will increase the area captured. In six open-chested pigs, pacing during VF was performed from the center of a plaque containing 504 electrodes 2 mm apart in a21 × 24array on the anterior right ventricle. Simultaneous recordings from the 504 electrodes were used to construct activation maps from which the area of epicardium captured by pacing was determined. Four pacing algorithms were examined: (1) fixed rate pacing at 95% of the median VF activation rate, (2 and 3) adaptive pacing in which the pacing timing and/or rate is reset in real time if capture is not obtained, and (4) pacing at a slowly increasing rate after initial capture. Regional capture, defined as control of the myocardium under at least 10 plaque electrodes, was achieved in 71% (92/129) of pacing episodes. The incidence of capture was not significantly different for pacing algorithms 1–3. The maximum area captured for each pacing episode with algorithms 1–3 was3.8 ± 2.0 cm2(mean ± SD). Within each animal, the pattern of capture was similar among all pacing episodes, no matter which algorithm was usedr = 0.85 ± 0.25). The region of greatest capture extended away from the pacing site along the long axis of the myocardial fibers. However, the area of captured epicardium toward the right ventricular side of the pacing electrode was 9.7 times greater than toward the left ventricular side. This principal direction toward the right ventricular side of the pacing electrode was the same direction traveled by the majority of VF activation fronts before capture occurred. The absence of recorded activations at the pacing site for 20 consecutive stimuli predicted 83% of the time that regional capture was present. With algorithm 4, the pacing rate could be increased7.1%± 4.3%while maintaining capture; however, the area of capture progressively decreased as the pacing rate increased. While pacing from the anterior right ventricular epicardium during VF, the area of capture is repeatable and is markedly asymmetrical with almost 10 times as much epicardium captured on the side of the pacing electrode closest to the acute margin of the right ventricle as on the opposite side. This marked asymmetry is associated both with myofiber orientation and with the direction of spread of activation and hence the direction of dispersion of refractoriness during VF just before pacing is initiated. It is possible to perform adaptive pacing algorithms in real time during VF; however, the two adaptive algorithms tested did not capture significantly more epicardium than a simple fixed-rate pacing algorithm. Although it is possible to maintain capture while increasing the pacing rate during VF, the area of capture decreases. (PACE 2003; 26:1824–1836)
Mismeasurement of the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution: The Role of Limited Stock Market Participation ∗

In this paper, we reconcile two opposing views about the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS), a parameter that plays a key role in macroeconomic analysis. On the one hand, empirical studies using aggregate consumption data typically find that the EIS is close to zero (Hall 1988). On the other hand, calibrated macroeconomic models designed to match growth and business cycle facts typically require that the EIS be close to one. We show that this apparent contradiction arises from ignoring two kinds of heterogeneity across individuals. First, a large fraction of households in the U.S. do not participate in stock markets. Second, a variety of microeconomic studies using individual-level data conclude that an individual’s EIS increases with his wealth. We analyze a dynamic economy which incorporates both kinds of heterogeneity. We find that limited participation creates substantial wealth inequality matching that in U.S. data. Consequently, the dynamic behavior of output and investment is almost entirely determined by the preferences of the wealthy minority of households. At the same time, since consumption is much more evenly distributed across households than is wealth, estimation using aggregate consumption uncovers the low EIS of the majority of households (i.e., the poor). Our model also matches a number of cross-sectional features of the U.S. data that are otherwise difficult to explain. Finally, using simulated data generated by our heterogeneous-agent model, we show that the econometric methods used by Hall and others produce biased estimates of the average EIS across individuals. In particular, ignoring the correlation of instruments with (the omitted) conditional variances in the log-linearized Euler equation biases the estimate of the EIS downward by as much as 60%.
The Group-Contagion Effect The Influence of Spatial Groupings on Perceived Contagion and Preferences

We used contagion theory as a framework for studying the influence of spread of qualities in a group. We found that people's preferences change depending on how objects are arranged in a group. They prefer to choose from a closely arranged group if one unidentified object in that group has a positive quality, but prefer to choose from a group in which objects are farther apart if one unidentified object in that group has a negative quality. We call this pattern of preference the group-contagion effect. We also found that the magnitude of the effect increases if the number of objects possessing the positive or negative quality increases.
Utilization of Direct Write Lithography to Develop Ultra High Aspect Ratio (>100:1) DRIE Silicon Pillars

Aspect ratios for deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) typically do not exceed 100. The discussed technique uses direct write lithography utilizing a Heidelberg DWL 66FS laser pattern generator followed by DRIE and hydrofluoric acid etching to create a nano pillar array on a silicon wafer. Prior to the direct write process, chrome was patterned on the wafer to act as an etch stop once the positive photoresist was consumed via DRIE. The sample was then oxygen-plasma etched to remove any remaining C4F8 residuals, as confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Remaining oxides were removed with dilute hydrofluoric acid and the wafer was rinsed with de-ionized water. The resulting structure was a nano pillar array with aspect ratios of 129.9:1, where pillar lengths were 50 μm with widths of 380 nm.
The Cramér-Rao bound for estimation-after-selection

In many practical parameter estimation problems, a model selection is made prior to estimation. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating an unknown parameter of a selected population, where the population is chosen from a population set by using a predetermined selection rule. Since the selection step may have an important impact on subsequent estimation, ignoring it could lead to biased-estimation and an invalid Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). In this work, the mean-square-selected-error (MSSE) criterion is used as a performance measure. The concept of Ψ-unbiasedness is introduced for a given selection rule, Ψ, by using the Lehmann-unbiasedness definition. We derive a non-Bayesian Cramer-Rao-type bound on the MSSE of any Ψ-unbiased estimator. The proposed Ψ-CRB is a function of the conditional Fisher information and is a valid bound on the MSSE. Finally, we examine the Ψ-CRB for different selection rules for mean estimation in a linear Gaussian model.
Quantitative X-Ray Studies of Order in Amorphous and Crystalline Polymers Scattering from Various Polymers and a Study of the Glass Transition in Polystyrene and Polymethyl Methacrylate

The application of a Geiger counter spectrometer to the quantitative study of the scattering from amorphous and crystalline polymers has been investigated, and this technique has been shown to be v...
THE PHYSICIAN WORKFORCE : BROADENING THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS

The United States is not the only nation that struggles with the complex issues related to the size, composition, and distribution of its physician workforce. Planning for and educating the “right” number of physicians based on assumptions about future needs, getting doctors towork in remote and poor communities, dealing with complicated medical and cultural issues of physician immigration and emigration, and calculating the emerging roles of nonphysician health care providers are but some of the challenging issues that bedevil educators, policymakers, and politicians in developed countries around the globe. These questions are difficult not only because they are complicated and invite hard choices but because the answers to them often fall between traditionally public and private domains. Discordance between supply and distribution of physicians on the one hand and perceived physician requirements on the other is notable across most Western countries. Such divergences not only are observed in marketbased systems (or those with “limited-scope” government-sponsored initiatives), but indeed are seen even within highly regulated health care systems. The specific manifestations of mismatch between supply and requirements, of course, vary across systems. In most developed countries, some combination of public investment (that is, subsidized medical education) and private entrepreneurship (that is, private practice, stake holding) exist side-by-side in the health care sector. Regulatory interventions (governmentally established standards or prices) often work in tandem with market forces (physician location, specialist compensation). The nature of the physician workforce in a given nation is determined by an amalgam of personal initiative and investment, public educational policy, social planning, and prevailing market forces. These intersecting influences vary in their relative valence and in the way they shape the physician cadre from nation to nation. Nonetheless, these forces are powerful and present to some extent in all developed nations. Educators and policymakers must grapple with these forces as they attempt to reformat their health care systems to providemore efficiency and equity. In the belief that a better comparative understanding of these forces would be useful in making national policy, representatives of the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom convened in late 1996 for the purpose of sharing historical, current, and anticipated analyses of physician workforce issues in their respective countries. This first Trilateral Physician Workforce Conference was held in November 1996 outside of Washington, D.C., and was sponsored by the Association of American Medical Col-
Tracking Surface Glycans on Live Cancer Cells with Single‐Molecule Sensitivity

Using a combination of metabolically labeled glycans, a bioorthogonal copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and the controlled bleaching of fluorescent probes conjugated to azide- or alkyne-tagged glycans, a sufficiently low spatial density of dye-labeled glycans was achieved, enabling dynamic single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging of N-linked sialic acids and O-linked N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) on the membrane of live cells. Analysis of the trajectories of these dye-labeled glycans in mammary cancer cells revealed constrained diffusion of both N- and O-linked glycans, which was interpreted as reflecting the mobility of the glycan rather than to be caused by transient immobilization owing to spatial inhomogeneities on the plasma membrane. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging revealed the structure of dynamic membrane nanotubes.
The SPLASH-2 programs: characterization and methodological considerations

The SPLASH-2 suite of parallel applications has recently been released to facilitate the study of centralized and distributed shared-address-space multiprocessors. In this context, this paper has two goals. One is to quantitatively characterize the SPLASH-2 programs in terms of fundamental properties and architectural interactions that are important to understand them well. The properties we study include the computational load balance, communication to computation ratio and traffic needs, important working set sizes, and issues related to spatial locality, as well as how these properties scale with problem size and the number of processors. The other, related goal is methodological: to assist people who will use the programs in architectural evaluations to prune the space of application and machine parameters in an informed and meaningful way. For example, by characterizing the working sets of the applications, we describe which operating points in terms of cache size and problem size are representative of realistic situations, which are not, and which re redundant. Using SPLASH-2 as an example, we hope to convey the importance of understanding the interplay of problem size, number of processors, and working sets in designing experiments and interpreting their results.
Development of Semiconducting Polymers for Solar Energy Harvesting

Semiconducting polymer solar cells are an attracting class of devices for low-cost solar energy harvesting. The bulk hetero-junction structure based on composite materials of semiconducting polymer donor and fullerene acceptor is an effective form of active layers for polymer solar cells. So far, the limiting factors for widespread, practical applications in polymers solar cell is their low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and potential instability under light exposure. Thus new polymeric materials with desired properties and stability are crucial for improving the solar cell performance. Numerous conjugated polymers, such as poly[phenylene vinylene]s (PPVs) and polythiophenes, have been explored for this purpose, which lead to PCE as high as 5%. To improve the performance, low bandgap polymers and polymers with low lying HOMO energy levels have been the subject of recent focus. Efficiencies close to 8% have been achieved in the polymer system composed of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene and benzodithiophene alter...
ACM: An Efficient Approach for Managing Shared Caches in Chip Multiprocessors

This paper proposes and studies a hardware-based adaptive controlled migration strategy for managing distributed L2 caches in chip multiprocessors. Building on an area-efficient shared cache design, the proposed scheme dynamically migrates cache blocks to cache banks that best minimize the average L2 access latency. Cache blocks are continuously monitored and the locations of the optimal corresponding cache banks are predicted to effectively alleviate the impact of non-uniform cache access latency. By adopting migration alone without replication, the exclusiveness of cache blocks is maintained, thus further optimizing the cache miss rate. Simulation results using a full system simulator demonstrate that the proposed controlled migration scheme outperforms the shared caching strategy and compares favorably with previously proposed replication schemes.
Dyslipidemia Control in Indigent Patients Receiving Medication Assistance Compared with Insured Patients

Study Objectives. To compare dyslipidemia management with statin-based therapy in insured patients versus indigent patients receiving medication assistance, and to determine drug therapy adherence rates in the two groups. Design. Retrospective medical record review Setting. University-based health care system. Patients. Two hundred forty patients with dyslipidemia who received statin-based therapy from the outpatient pharmacies and clinical care at an affiliated clinic. Measurements and Main Results. Prescription records identified 665 patients between October 1, 2004, and September 30, 2005. Forty of these patients had insurance (with a single carrier), and the remaining 625 patients received health care subsidies from the Colorado Indigent Care Program (CICP). Using a block scheme, 200 patients from the CICP were randomly extracted. The primary objective was measured by assessment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) goal attainment and use of a moderate-potency, lipid-lowering regimen capable of achieving an LDL level reduction of least 30%. Of a total of 240 patients who met study criteria, 26 were excluded whose records lacked LDL measurements while receiving therapy. The LDL goal was achieved in 122 (68.9%) of the 177 patients in the CICP group versus 29 (78.4%) of the 37 patients in the insured group (p=0.34). A moderate-potency, LDL-lowering regimen was used by 90.5% of 200 patients in the CICP group and 85% of 40 patients in the insured group (p=0.45). In patients classified as having moderately high, high, or very high cardiovascular risk, LDL goals were attained in 103 (67.3%) of 153 patients in the CICP group versus 16 (69.6%) of 23 patients in the insured group (p=0.83). In this higher-risk subgroup, a moderate-potency regimen was used in 162 (92.6%) of 175 patients in the CICP group versus 23 (92%) of 25 patients in the insured group (p=0.92). Among the very high-risk patients from the two groups combined, 30 (52.6%) of 57 patients achieved LDL concentrations below 70 mg/dl, and 58 (95.1%) of 61 patients were administered a moderate-potency, LDL-lowering regimen. The secondary objective, overall adherence, as assessed by the medication possession ratio, was better in the CICP group than in the insured group. Conclusion. Our data suggest that quality of dyslipidemia management is similar for indigent and insured populations. Overall LDL goal attainment rates were higher than those reported in the literature. Most patients with significant cardiovascular risk, including those at very high risk, were treated according to established guidelines. Adherence rates were greater for indigent patients.
An improved estimate of the isotopic air‐sea disequilibrium of CO2: Implications for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2

We reevaluate the isotopic air-sea disequilibrium of CO2 on the basis of a new high-quality global data set of surface observations of the reduced isotopic ratio (δ13C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). We find a global mean isotopic air-sea disequilibrium of 0.62±0.10 permil for 1990. Inserting our estimate into an anthropogenic 13C budget for the period from 1985 to 1995 yields an oceanic uptake of 1.5±0.9 Pg C yr−1, within the range of most other estimates. The large uncertainty of this estimate could be reduced with (i) better characterization of the surface ocean variability in δ13C, (ii) improved knowledge of the air-sea gas exchange coefficient, and (iii) a significant reduction in the uncertainty associated with the air-land biosphere disequilibrium.
Treatment of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax complicating silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis

To clarify the management and treatment for the refractory cases of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), we analyzed the clinical features in SSP complicating three cases of advanced silicosis, and discussed the available treatment. All three cases were males of age ranging from 60 to 70 years, and had silicosis with massive progressive fibrosis (PMF), classified as type 4 (PR4) according to the ILO guidelines. There was no correlation between the onset of SSP and the smoking habit, or the duration of the occupational exposure to silica. In a total of ten episodes of SSP, a refractory episode occurred in each of the three patients. No surgical treatment was possible because of some complications. Therefore, we administered conservative treatments under mechanical ventilation. The conservative treatments used were tube drainage with suction in each episode and pleurodesis by the combination of minocycline and OK-432 in one case. Approximately one month was the average time required for the air leak cessation. A significant decline in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was observed after the treatment of one case, suggesting further respiratory deterioration. These results imply that the more aggressive treatments for refractory SSP should be limited because of the patient status and progression. More information might be required before performing these options safely and effectively.
Bimodal Mission Advancement in Ministry with Street-living and Working Children

In a multi-disciplinary approach, contemporary childhood perspectives in sociology, urban studies, international development and theology are looked to for insight in understanding the street-child...
A re-examination of corn ( Zea mays L.) ear volatiles

Abstract Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a major insect pest of corn and other agricultural crops. An improved understanding of semiochemcials that control adult behavior is needed to develop alternative control measures. In this study, overnight SPME collection of volatiles from corn ears enclosed in Teflon bags in the field at two stages of development were made. C8–C10 aldehydes, a C8-alcohol, C6–C9 alcohol acetates, and numerous monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sequiterpene alcohols, and geosmin were identified after thermal desorption and GC/MS. Structural assignments of the alcohol acetates, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, 2-heptyl acetate, 2-nonyl acetate, and 4-nonyl acetate, the monoterpenes, α- and β-ocimene, and geosmin were made by analysis of standards that were purchased or prepared in the laboratory. All other assignments were based on published Kovat’s retention time indices (KI) and mass spectra. Pair-wise comparison of the relative amounts of each component between two groups of corn ears defined by silk weight did not identify significant differences, thus it is unknown whether or not silk weight impacted volatile emission composition and rate. To our knowledge three compounds detected in SPME collections, 2-heptyl acetate, 2-nonyl acetate, and 4-nonyl acetate have not been previously reported in corn ear or silk volatiles. Their impact on the flight response of gravid earworm females was evaluated in a flight chamber. No significant response to the individual compounds or a blend of all three was observed. Thus, their impact on moth behavior remains uncertain.
Going beyond mason training: enabling, facilitating, and engaging rural sanitation markets for the base of the pyramid

This paper summarizes the findings from a meta-analysis of 22 rural sanitation supply studies commissioned by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of the World Bank over the past seven years in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and South Asia. By building a comprehensive analytical framework for the sanitation market, the article identifies globally relevant weaknesses in the sanitation market, gives examples of positive interventions, and identifies key areas of activities that could lead to a strengthening of a relevant sanitation market for the base of the pyramid (BoP). The study also identified global knowledge gaps on how to enable, facilitate, and engage rural sanitation markets for the BoP. The full report is expected to be published by WSP later in 2015.
EFFECTS OF FEDERAL FUNDS TARGET RATE CHANGES ON STOCK PRICES

It is well-known that financial markets respond quickly to the announcements of changes in the Federal Funds target rate. This paper examines the stock price reaction of individual stocks listed under the Dow Jones Industrial Average ( ) to Federal Funds target rate change announcements using daily stock returns over the period 1996-2007. We measure such reactions using an event-study methodology to analyze the impact of changes in the Federal Funds target rate on individual stock returns using several event windows. We group the 30 individual stocks into 8 sectors and analyze the reaction of each sector to changes in the Federal Funds target rate. Results indicate that, on average, the impact of a Federal Funds target rate decrease on stocks is positive while the reaction of a Federal Funds target rate increase is negative. DJIA
Radiations from F 18 , Mo 93 , and Cl 34

The positron spectrum of ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ was investigated with a magnetic lens spectrometer and found to be of the allowed type with an upper limit at 649\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9 kev. The gamma-radiation from ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{93}$ was found to consist of three lines at 262\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 kev, 692\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11 kev, and 1.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.035 Mev. The $K$ to $L$ conversion ratio for the low energy line indicates ${2}^{5}$ pole electric radiation. The positron spectrum of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{34}$ consists of three components with upper limits at 4.45 Mev, 2.6 Mev, and 1.3 Mev. Gamma-ray lines were found at 3.3 Mev and 2.1 Mev and at 0.145\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 Mev. The latter line gives rise to internal conversion electrons.
Ultrafast transient-grating study of molecules after high intensity excitation

We report a method based on transient-grating spectroscopy to assess the degree of alignment and electronic state mixing caused by intense femtosecond laser pulses. Molecular deformations are determined by analysis of the filed-free rotational recurrences.
Law School Educational Intervention Benefits Individual Underserved Patients and Safety Net Primary Care Clinic

Medical legal partnerships have been promoted as a method of increasing collaboration between the medical and legal professions. The Medical-Legal partnership between the Florida State University College of Law and the Neighborhood Medical Center allowed law students to provide our patients assistance with legal matters. We wanted to see what community, patient and clinic benefit our partnership could provide. We tracked law student referrals over a three-year period from 2010-2014, and then assessed the outcomes of those referrals. We then performed a cost benefit analysis to determine benefit to the clinic, the community and individual patients. The MLP accepted 48% (99/203) of referrals, and of those, 34% (34/99) have verdicts. The majority (76.4%) of decided cases were favorable and resulted in a patient award of disability benefits or legal immigration status. The medical legal partnership cost the clinic less than $1000, but brought in revenue of approximately $11,250. It also provided at least $7200 in personal economic benefit for patients awarded disability, for a total of $191,250 in community benefit. This legal intervention provides tangible community benefit with limited community investment. It may be a way to build relationships of trust with underserved communities, and further promote participation in research.
The Relationship between Regulation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: What Does the Literature Say?

In the United States and around the world, awareness of the effects of regulation on innovation and entrepreneurship is increasing. The regulatory environment determines “a certain coding for action, a coding that signals whether various acts are permitted (even required) or prohibited, whether they will be viewed positively, negatively or neutrally, whether they are incentivized or disincentivized, whether they are likely to be praised or criticized, whether they are possible or impossible” (Brownsword & Goodwin, 2012, p. 27). The particular characteristics of such regulatory context can hinder or contribute to the creation and early stage growth of new businesses as well as to the innovation process within a market. Considering this, a deeper understanding of these dynamics is key to improve the role regulation plays in the innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Enriched Basis Functions for Automatically Handling Wake-Body Intersections in Source-Doublet-Potential Panel Methods

We present an enriched-basis function method for mathematically representing the discontinuity that is introduced wake-body intersections in source-doublet potential panel methods. The result is a method that automatically handles the body surface doubletpanel solution discontinuity due to a wake-body intersection, without re-meshing or redefining the underlying surface discretization; we simply invoke superposition principles to introduce a series of discontinuous basis functions to represent the doublet solution at the wake-body intersection. These additional basis functions are implemented as a secondary aerodynamics influence matrix (AIC). Because of this, the main aerodynamics influence coefficient matrices (body-to-body and wake-to-body) are left unchanged ‐ allowing for the solution of multiple angles of attack, and wake positions in a single linear system setup. This approach is particularly conducive to importing general CAD and CFD surface triangulations. We present a series of results for the potential flow around a unit sphere with a planar wake defined at the sphere’s equator. We use a constant source, linear doublet panel method with triangular panels. The test cases show good agreement between the traditional wake stitching methods and the novel enriched basis function method presented in this paper. Although the implementation complexity increases, our method provides exceptional flexibility in panel method wake-body intersections.
Gas cell based on optical contacting for fundamental spectroscopy studies with initial reference absorption spectrum of H2O vapor at 1723 K and 0.0235 bar

Abstract A gas cell, using optically contacted sapphire windows to form a hot vapor seal, has been created for high temperature fundamental spectroscopy studies. It is designed to operate at temperatures from 280–2273 K and pressures from vacuum to 1.3 bar. Using the cell in conjunction with an external cavity diode laser spectrometer, a reference H2O vapor absorption spectrum at P=0.0235±0.0036 bar and T=1723±6 K was measured with 0.0001 cm−1 resolution over the 7326–7598 cm−1 range. Comparison of the measured spectrum to simulations reveals errors in both the HITEMP and BT2 databases. This work establishes heated static cell capabilities at temperatures well above the typical limit of approximately 1300 K set by quartz material properties. This paper addresses the design of the cell as well as the cell׳s limitations.
Optimal medical therapy after MI in the elderly.

After an MI, elderly persons should have their modifiable coronary artery risk factors-such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes-intensively treated. Aspirin or clopidogrel, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors should be given indefinitely, unless contraindications exist. Long-acting nitrates are effective antianginal and anti-ischemic drugs. There are no Class I indications for the use of calcium channel blockers after Ml. Postinfarction patients should not receive Class I antiarrhythmic drugs, sotalol, or amiodarone. Those at very high risk for sudden cardiac death should have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placed. Hormonal therapy should not be used in postmenopausal women after Ml. The indications for coronary revascularization are prolongation of life and relief of unacceptable symptoms despite optimal medical management.
J. P. Moreland: The Recalcitrant Imago Dei: Human Persons and the Failure of Naturalism : SCM Press, London, 2009, xiii + 210 pp. with endnotes, bibliography, and index. $60 paper ()

Moreland argues that “the existence of God is the best explanation for finite examples of consciousness in creatures such as humans and various animals. Finite consciousness provides strong evidence that God exists. Part of my defense will involve showing that scientific naturalism is utterly incapable in principle of providing any explanation whatever for finite consciousness” (p. 16). Moreland is sharply focused on what he understandably sees as the dominant form of naturalism in modern thought: physicalist, reductivist, scientific naturalism, in which the universe is composed entirely of matter which is devoid of any form of consciousness, all explanation is bottom up, and science is the only source of knowledge. In successive chapters, Moreland argues that physicalist naturalism cannot explain consciousness, rationality, or free will, much less the “substantial soul” and “objective morality” he affirms as essential to our humanity. “However,” he argues, “if you begin with the Logos, then Mind is the fundamental reality and its appearance in cosmic history is not an ontological problem as it is for the scientific naturalist” (p. 17). Moreland’s bibliography is substantial, and he engages leading philosophers like Nagel, McGinn, and Dennett. In most respects his arguments are rigorous and well informed. On these grounds the book certainly merits careful reading. We have to appreciate thinkers who work hard to engage in careful arguments across greatly contrasting worldviews, and for this I commend him. In fairness, I should also say that Moreland has written several other books which I have not read, and which may answer questions unaddressed in this one. But even so, I was often puzzled by what was missing here. For example, Moreland frequently speaks of naturalism’s “Grand Story” of evolution, which he describes by quoting Phillip Johnson. “In the beginning were the particles and the impersonal laws of physics.