cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence-Impedance-Based Harmonic Stability Analysis and Controller Parameter Design of Three-Phase Inverter-Based Multibus AC Power Systems

Three-phase inverter-based multibus ac power systems could suffer from the harmonic instability issue. The existing impedance-based stability analysis method using the Nyquist stability criterion once requires the calculation of right-half-plane (RHP) poles of impedance ratios, which would result in a heavy computation burden for complicated systems. In order to analyze the harmonic stability of multibus ac systems consisting of both voltage-controlled and current-controlled inverters without the need for RHP pole calculation, this paper proposes two sequence-impedance-based harmonic stability analysis methods. Based on the summary of all major connection types including mesh, the proposed Method 1 can analyze the harmonic stability of multibus ac systems by adding the components one by one from nodes in the lowest level to areas in the highest system level, and accordingly, applying the stability criteria multiple times in succession. The proposed Method 2 is a generalized extension of the impedance-sum-type criterion to be used for the harmonic stability analysis of any multibus ac systems based on Cauchy's theorem. The inverter controller parameters can be designed in the forms of stability regions in the parameter space, by repetitively applying the proposed harmonic stability analysis methods. Experimental results of inverter-based multibus ac systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed harmonic stability analysis methods and parameter design approach.
Points of View: Herbert Bayer's Exhibition Catalogue for the 1930 Section Allemande

Sigfried Giedion called Herbert Bayer’s exhibition catalogue for the 1930 Section Allemande a “minor typographical masterpiece.” Like similar catalogues, it is inexpensive, provides an inventory list, has an introduction, functions as a guide, and is illustrated. However, the majority of its images are of installations, not their contents. Bayer accommodates the catalogue type for applied arts exhibitions by listing installations as objects, but he confronts the type by showing installations as display contexts that establish points of view, emulating, idealizing and interpreting the experience of the exhibition. By independently constructing ways of seeing and understanding the exhibition, the catalogue resists being an appendage to the exhibition, despite their close relationship. Giedion may have viewed Bayer’s catalogue as an important but secondary work of graphic design, but this article argues that it is of primary significance as an exhibition catalogue, an unusual essay on the book typology that is conscious of its history while moving outside — to other types of book design and to exhibitions — to transform it.
The Culture of International Arbitration: Summary of Conclusions

This chapter provides a summary of the conclusions of each chapter of the book. It emphasizes the structural obstacles that developing countries face in owning the arbitral process that they are made a part of whether through the happenstance of history, their own conscious choice or neglect.
Time Evolution of Local Complexity Measures and Aperiodic Perturbations of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

We discuss numerical algorithms for estimating dimensional complexity of observed time-series with special emphasis on biological and medical applications. Factors which enter the procedure are discussed and applied to local estimates of pointwise dimensions or crowding indices. We illustrate the concepts with the help of experimental time-series obtained from speech signals. The temporal evolution of the crowding index shows oscillations which can be correlated with properties of the time-series. We compare the time evolution of the dimensional complexity parameter with the original time-series and also with recurrence plots of the embedded time series.
Policies and Practices of Integration: High-Skilled Migrants from India in Singapore

ABSTRACTThe Singaporean government has employed immigration primarily from China and India to boost the country's working age population and contribute to its economic growth. In this paper I exami...
The Impact of Late Holocene Land Use Change, Climate Variability, and Sea Level Rise on Carbon Storage in Tidal Freshwater Wetlands on the Southeastern United States Coastal Plain

This study examines Holocene impacts of changes in climate, land use, and sea-level rise (SLR) on sediment accretion, carbon accumulation rates (CAR), and vegetation along a transect of tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) to oligohaline marsh along the Waccamaw River, South Carolina (4 sites) and along the Savannah River, Georgia (4 sites). We use pollen, plant macrofossils, accretion, and CAR from cores, spanning the last 1500-6000 years to test the hypothesis that TFFW have remained stable throughout the late Holocene and that marshes transitioned from TFFW during elevated SLR during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, with further transformation resulting from colonial land-use change. Results show low and stable accretion and CAR through much of the Holocene, despite moderate changes associated with Holocene paleoclimate. In all records, the largest observed change occurred within the last ~400 years, driven by colonial land clearance, shifting terrigenous sediment into riparian wetlands, resulting in order-of-magnitude increases in accretion and C accumulation. The oligohaline marshes transitioned from TFFW ~300-500 years ago, coincident with colonial land clearance. Post-colonial decreases in CAR and accretion occur because of watershed reforestation over the last century. All sites show evidence of recent (decades to century) swamp forest decline due to increasing salinity and tidal inundation from SLR. This study suggests that allochthonous sediment input during colonialization helped maintain TFFW, but that current SLR rates are too high for TFFW to persist, although higher accretion rates in oligohaline marshes increases the resilience of tidal wetlands as they transition from TFFW to marsh.
Identification and Maintenance of Cell Lineage Progenitors Derived from Human ES Cells

Full exploitation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in research and therapy requires an understanding of the molecular signals that induce early human embryonic cell fates, knowledge of what cell-specific markers identify early progenitor cell types, and development of methods to enrich and maintain these early cells in culture. Alternatively, ES cells might give rise to a lineage restricted progenitor cell, a cell committed to a more restricted fate with some capacity for self renewal; these progenitors might resemble either lineage-restricted cells in the embryo or stem cells in adult tissues, but in either case they represent intermediates between the ES cell and a terminally differentiated mature cell. It has been shown that differentiating human ES cells express genes characteristic of the establishment of the mouse embryonic pancreas following EB formation, but cell populations that produce insulin in culture have not been successfully isolated.
Music Artist Similarity Aggregation

Through user accounts, music recommendations are refined by user-supplied genres and artists preferences. Music recommendation is further complicated by multiple genre artists, artist collaborations and artist similarity identification. We focus primarily on artist similarity in which we propose a rank fusion solution. We aggregate the most similar artist ranking from Idiomag, Last.fm and Echo Nest Web APIs. Each Web API and resulting ranked list using a rank fusion algorithm has a different method of relating their artists. Through an experimental evaluation of nearly 500 artist queries, we first identify a ground truth for artist similarity for comparison to five rank fusion algorithms and conduct a performance analysis to discern how well relevant information can be retrieved from biased multiple sources. By understanding this overlap, we can more easily isolate the multiple genre artists and artist collaborations.
Third-degree burns associated with transcutaneous pacing.

A 69-year-old severely obese diabetic woman developed nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea which caused multiple metabolic alterations leading to hypotension and bradycardia due to slow atrioventricular junctional rhythm. Transcutaneous pacing (TCP) was initiated and maintained until the underlying heart rate and blood pressure normalised. TCP gel pads were kept in place prophylactically after pacing was terminated. Gel pads remained attached to the anterior thorax and back for a total of 36 hours. During this time the patient developed third-degree burns at the side of gel pad attachment. With appropriate wound care and after a long hospitalisation, the patient was discharged in stable condition. This case demonstrates that prolonged use of TCP gel pads without frequent replacement may lead to third-degree burns. It also suggest that prophylactic use of TCP gel pads should be avoided.
Chapter 22 – Hematologic Manifestations of HIV Infection

It is noted that infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is associated with suppression of hematopoiesis. The hematologic perturbations encountered with HIV-1 infection not only have morbidity of their own, but also hinder therapy directed toward the primary viral infection, and those toward the secondary infectious and neoplastic complications. The need to reduce doses or interrupt therapy because of poor hematologic tolerance may cause emergence of drug-resistant organisms and progression of infections or neoplasms. The most common, and well studied, cytopenia associated with HIV-1 infection is anemia. Although anemia occurs less often in the era of HAART than in the past, it remains a significant clinical problem. The major cause of anemia in HIV-infected patients is impaired erythropoiesis. The anemia is typically normochromic and normocytic, and associated with an inappropriately low reticulocyte count. Macrocytosis is unusual and tends to occur in those treated with zidovudine. Furthermore, serum ferritin levels are often increased, and these levels tend to parallel the severity and duration of infection with HIV-1. Thus, there may be a positive correlation between iron levels and the replication rate of HIV.
Opioid Use Disorder and Incarceration - Hope for Ensuring the Continuity of Treatment.

Opioid Use Disorder and Incarceration A complex web of legal, policy, and structural barriers has led to persistent gaps in access to treatment for opioid use disorder in jail facilities in the Uni...
Improving Human-Lion Conflict Research Through Interdisciplinarity

Wicked socio-ecological problems are inherently complex and require an interdisciplinary approach to mitigate. Here, we investigated the many drivers of human-lion conflict in East Africa and present a novel conceptual model illustrating the intricate interactions within and between the five main dimensions of conflict. We highlight the importance of broadening research efforts to include these multiple dimensions at all stages of the research process as well as to incorporate higher levels of diversity into research teams. We offer examples and recommendations on how to approach human-lion conflict from a more interdisciplinary perspective. However, challenges exist and will continue to arise as diverse interdisciplinary teams form. We address several main barriers to interdisciplinarity and encourage researchers and institutions to support a team science approach to solving wicked problems like human-lion conflict.
Linguistic Transformations for Information Retrieval

This paper discusses the application to information retrieval of a particular relation in linguistic structure, called transformations.1 The method makes possible the reduction of a text, in particular scientific texts, to a sequence of kernel sentences and transformations, which is roughly equivalent in information to the original text. It seems possible to determine the division into kernels in such a way that each adjusted kernel will carry about as much information as is likely to be called for independently of the neighboring information in the article. A text may therefore be stored in this form (perhaps omitting, by means of formal criteria, any sections which are unnecessary for retrieval), and its individual kernels may be retrieved separately. Since the carrying out of transformations depends only on the positions of words in a sentence, and not on knowledge of meanings, it seems possible that at least part of this operation can be performed by machine; the more so since the method does not require any judgment about the subject matter, or any coding of the concepts of a particular science.
Impact of Aluminum and Iron (III) Ions on Removal of Fluoride Ion (F−) by Calcite

Abstract Matrix acidizing adds high concentrations of hydrofluoric acid into the oil production well for the purpose of well stimulation and thus, the return fluids could contain high fluoride ion ...
Special Procedures for Zebrafish Diagnostics

Abstract Zebrafish are small fish that live in small aquaria, which provides both advantages and challenges for pathogen monitoring and diagnostics. Fish are intimately linked to their aquatic environment, and hence, suboptimal water quality parameters or the presence of toxicants are important causes of disease in zebrafish. Therefore, evaluation of water quality is central to a disease investigation and health monitoring. Histopathology is often the primary or first-line diagnostic test for zebrafish. A major strength of histopathology is that it facilitates the documentation of changes in a variety of tissues and organs with no a priori assumptions relating to a specific disease, and the small size of the fish allows for examination of essentially all organs on one slide using sagittal sections of whole fish. Immunohistochemistry has been utilized in diagnostics. However, most antibodies were created to mammal antigens, and thus, results should be interpreted with caution. PCR tests have been developed for important zebrafish bacteria and parasites, and these are used for evaluating fish tissues as well as environmental samples (e.g., water, feces). Whereas commonly used in food fish aquaculture, therapeutants are rarely used with zebrafish. Examples include oral treatments for nematodes and mycobacteria and drugs delivered in the water for external parasitic infections and intestinal nematodes. Laboratory veterinarians have new opportunities and challenges with the increased use of laboratory zebrafish. When compared with rodents, disease diagnosis and management of aquatic species requires a different approach due to their housing environment. As fish live in water, they are intimately affected by inappropriate water quality parameters. Moreover, the transmission of waterborne pathogens between tanks may be a serious problem with recirculating water systems. Because of the unique housing environment of aquatic species, disease evaluation should always include a thorough history, a review of environmental parameters (i.e., water quality, light cycles, vibrations/noise), as well as diagnostic testing. In this chapter, we will review disease diagnosis utilizing both live animal and environmental samples and options for treatment of disease.
An Adaptive Threshold Method for Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems

Anomaly-based Detection Systems (ADSs) attempt to learn the features of behaviors and events of a system and/or users over a period to build a profile of normal behaviors. There has been a growing interest in ADSs and typically conceived as more powerful systems One of the important factors for ADSs is an ability to distinguish between normal and abnormal behaviors in a given period. However, it is getting complicated due to the dynamic network environment that changes every minute. It is dangerous to distinguish between normal and abnormal behaviors with a fixed threshold in a dynamic environment because it cannot guarantee the threshold is always an indication of normal behaviors. In this paper, we propose an adaptive threshold for a dynamic environment with a trust management scheme for efficiently managing the profiles of normal and abnormal behaviors. Based on the assumption of the statistical analysis-based ADS that normal data instances occur in high probability regions while malicious data instances occur in low probability regions of a stochastic model, we set two adaptive thresholds for normal and abnormal behaviors. The behaviors between the two thresholds are classified as suspicious behaviors, and they are efficiently evaluated with a trust management scheme.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH FROM THE MITRAL ANNULUS DISJUNCTION SYNDROME

Mitral valve prolapse is common and usually benign, but can be associated with mitral annular disjunction (MAD). This finding is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. A 53 year old male with history of mitral valve prolapse presented following a cardiac arrest at his
Comparisons as Predictors of People’s Beliefs About the Importance of Changing Their Health Behaviors

Abstract. The current study tested relative strengths of different comparison beliefs for predicting people’s self-assessments of whether they should increase their health-relevant behaviors (exerc...
MitoROS due to loss of Slc4a11 in corneal endothelial cells induces ER stress, lysosomal dysfunction and impairs autophagy

Recent studies from Slc4a11 KO mice have identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor toward oxidative stress and cell death in Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy. Here we asked if this stress activated autophagy in the Slc4a11 KO cell line and in KO mouse endothelial tissue. Early indicators of autophagy, phospho-mTOR and LC3-II indicated activation, however P62 was elevated suggesting an impairment of autophagy flux. The activity and the number of lysosomes, the organelle responsible for the final degradation of autophagy substrates, were found to be reduced in the KO. In addition, the expression of the master regulator of lysosomal function and biogenesis, TFEB, was significantly reduced in the KO corneal endothelia. Also, we observed increased Unfolded Protein Response, as well as elevated expression of ER stress markers, BIP and CHOP. To test if lysosomal and ER stress stems from elevated mitochondrial ROS, we treated Slc4a11 KO corneal endothelial cells with the mitochondrial ROS quencher, MitoQ. MitoQ restored lysosomal enzymes as well as TFEB, reduced ER stress, and increased autophagy flux. MitoQ injections of Slc4a11 KO mice decreased corneal edema, the major phenotype associated with CHED. We conclude that mitochondrial ROS causes ER stress and lysosomal dysfunction with impairment of autophagy in Slc4a11 KO corneal endothelium. Our study is the first to identify the presence as well as cause of lysosomal dysfunction and ER stress in an animal model of CHED, and to characterize inter-organelle relationship in a corneal cell type.
Endocavity Histotripsy for Efficient Tissue Ablation–Transducer Design and Characterization

A 34-mm aperture transducer was designed and tested for proof of concept to ablate tissues using an endocavity histotripsy device. Several materials and two drivers were modeled and tested to determine an effective piezoelectric–matching layer combination and driver design. The resulting transducer was fabricated using 1.5 MHz porous PZT and PerFORM 3-D printed acoustic lenses and was driven with a multicycle class-D amplifier. The lower frequency, compared to previously developed small form factor histotripsy transducers, was selected to allow for more efficient volume ablation of tissue. The transducer was characterized and tested by measuring pressure field maps in the axial and lateral planes and pressure output as a function of driving voltage. The axial and lateral full-width-half-maximums of the focus were found to be 6.1 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The transducer was estimated to generate 34.5-MPa peak negative focal pressure with a peak-to-peak driving voltage of 1345 V. Performance testing was done by ablating volumes of bovine liver tissues ( ${n} = {3}$ ). The transducer was found to be capable of ablating tissues at its full working distance of 17 mm.
Dissonance in the discourse of the duration of diabetes: A mixed methods study of patient perceptions and clinical practice.

Background Remission of diabetes can be rewarding for patients and physicians, but there is limited study of how patients perceive the timeline of a disease along the continuum of glycaemic control. Objective To explore how patients perceive the timeline of diabetes along the continuum of glycaemic control and their goals of care and to identify whether family physicians communicate the principles of regression and remission of diabetes. Design Mixed methods approach of qualitative semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling followed by cross-sectional survey of physicians. Participants Thirty-three patients living with prediabetes (preDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at medical centres in Georgia and Nevada; and 387 family physicians providing primary care within the same health system. Results Patients described two timelines of diabetes: as a lifelong condition or as a condition that can be cured. Patients who perceived a lifelong condition described five treatment goals: reducing glucose-related laboratory values, losing weight, reducing medication, preventing treatment intensification and avoiding complications. For patients who perceived diabetes as a disease with an end, the goal of care was to achieve normoglycaemia. In response to patient vignettes that described potential cases of remission and regression, 38.2% of physician respondents would still communicate that a patient has preDM and 94.6% would tell the patient that he still had diabetes. Conclusions Most physicians here exhibited reluctance to communicate remission or regression in patient care. Yet, patients describe two different potential timelines, including a subset who expect their diabetes can be 'cured'. Physicians should incorporate shared decision making to create a shared mental model of diabetes and its potential outcomes with patients. Patient or public contribution In this mixed methods study, as patients participated in the qualitative phase of this study, we asked patients to tell us what additional questions we should ask in subsequent interviews. Data from this qualitative phase informed the design and interpretation of the quantitative phase with physician participants.
Genetic Encoding of A Nonhydrolyzable Phosphotyrosine Analog in Mammalian Cells

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays a critical role in signal transduction and the regulation of many cellular processes. It is of great significance to understand the underlying regulatory mechanism of particular tyrosine phosphorylation events. Here we report the genetic incorporation of a phosphotyrosine (pTyr) analog, p-carboxymethyl-L-phenylalanine (CMF), into proteins in mammalian cells. This nonhydrolyzable pTyr analog can facilitate biological studies by removing complications caused by the dynamic interconversion between the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated isoforms of a protein. The developed methodology was demonstrated by using the human signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) as a model protein for homogeneous and defined incorporation of CMF. This tool will greatly enhance ones capability to study protein tyrosine phosphorylation-associated biomolecular and cellular events, and enhance biomedical research that target protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which will have a broad impact to both fundamental studies and practical applications.
Laser induced damage to thallium arsenic selenide (TAS)

We present results of a study of the laser induced damage thresholds of Tl 3 AsSe 3 at 10 pm using nanosecond and picosecond pulses. The damage threshold was found to be ≃ 10 J/cm 2 with 130 ns (FWHM) and no damage was observed using 60 ps pulses.
To B or not to B: TNF family signaling in lymphocytes

BLyS and family are known to affect B cells in a positive fashion. Knock-outs of BLyS receptors indicate some new functions, including negative regulation by one BLyS receptor, TACI.
Trichomycetes and the Arthropod Gut

The obligate association of trichomycetes with living arthropods, whose guts they inhabit, has led to a number of unique morphological and physiological features that differentiate them from other fungi. These include specialized reproductive structures that help to ensure success of transmission from host to host within a population, mechanisms for dispersal among host populations, recognition of appropriate types of hosts, the ability of thalli and spores to tolerate the digestive processes within the gut, and a degree of synchrony between fungal and host development.
Judicial Collegiality, Court Structure, and the Decision to Sit En Banc: Evidence from U.S. District Courts

In 1988, almost three hundred federal district judges in nearly seventy federal district courts ruled on the constitutionality of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. In fourteen of these districts the judges chose to sit en banc to decide the issue; in the other districts, the judges sat individually instead. By comparing the characteristics of the district courts that sat en banc with those that sat individually, and by interviewing judges who participated in the en banc decisions, this Article empirically examines the significance of many factors that might affect the propensity of district courts to sit en banc. It also provides evidence relevant to other courts, including the effect of court structure and composition on judicial collegiality and the propensity to sit en banc. For example, recent proposals to divide or restructure the Ninth Circuit have been based in part upon the belief that en banc proceedings are impractical in a very large circuit. Among the issues this Article examines are how the number of judges and the geographic distances between judges on a court affect collegiality and the likelihood of sitting en banc.
Government Expenditure and Quality of Life

Most of the empirical work on the optimal size of the fiscalstate has linked the level of taxation to economic growth. Inthis paper the level of government consumption expenditure thatyields the maximum physical quality of life is found, along withthose expenditures that cause equality between marginal benefitand marginal government expenditure out of GNP. Careful attentionis paid to the measurement of the physical quality of life, theweighing of the attributes in the construction of an aggregateindex of quality of life, and in the functional (parametric) formof the nonlinear equations utilized to calculate marginalbenefit. The conclusion of the paper is that governmentconsumption expenditure is considerably higher than is necessaryto maximize the physical quality of life, and that a reductionin government consumption expenditure would not lower quality oflife.
Practicing Faith in Public Life

Miroslav Volf’s book, A Public Faith: How Followers of Christ Should Serve the Common Good, offers a valuable guide to how people of faith can engage in politics by calling on the best of their traditions, holding modest expectations, and remaining nonviolent. From the perspective of Catholic Social Teaching, Volf’s model can be viewed as appropriately, but cautiously hopeful. Yet, given contemporary suspicion of religion in politics, the challenges of acting prophetically in a pluralistic society, and the responsibility of Christians to “be the church,” it may be wise to begin with local actions rather than hoping to change the world by political means.
The Impact of Enterprise Systems on Audits of Small Entities

Small business integration of enterprise systems affects risks and internal control. Ideally, the use of enterprise systems should enhance internal control. However, enterprise systems can introduce new risks that may go undetected if the auditor does not adequately test system processes. Small audit firms appear more likely than large to place too much reliance on the untested accuracy of computer generated data. To identify trends we have interviewed three independent auditors of small audit firms that audit small businesses that use enterprise systems. We found that none of the firms have formal policies for auditing such company environments.
The use of relaxin in the management of the retained dead fetus.

Abstract The recent recognition of the threat of hypofibrinogenemia in the presence of a retained dead fetus places increased value on the emptying of the uterus. The hormone relaxin appears to be able to make the cervix more favorable for the induction of labor. The use of relaxin followed by a dilute Pitocin infusion in the treatment of 20 patients with dead fetuses has been described. This management appears to be worthy of further trial.
Biotic Recoveries after Extinction

Ecosystem recovery following mass extinctions is often more complex than a simple model of initial appearance of opportunistic forms, followed by reappearance of more specialized survivors and diversification of new forms. Keywords: mass extinction; biotic diversity; evolutionary radiation
Introduction to Forensic Sciences

While most of the book deals with forensic pathology, this chapter provides readers with an overview of other forensic science disciplines. After a brief description of the chain of custody, test admissibility, evidence and testimony, the chapter provides brief descriptions of a variety of forensic science careers, including forensic anthropology, toxicology, forensic entomology, firearms examination, and DNA testing.
Organization and management of an accredited specialist in blood bank (SBB) technology program

BACKGROUND: Specialists in blood bank (SBBs) technology play important roles in blood banks, transfusion services, regulatory agencies, educational institutions, and other facilities where expertise in blood banking, transfusion medicine, cellular therapy, and tissue transplantation is required. STUDY DESIGN: Review of pathways that qualify applicants for a national examination administered by the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) to become a certified specialist and outcomes of accredited programs. Description of a face-to-face, accredited program including review of management topics included in curriculum. RESULTS: The first examination was administered in 1954. As of December 2009, the total number of certified SBBs was 5124. There are currently 16 accredited SBB programs in the United States. The programs vary in mode of delivery, length of program, number of students accepted, and organization of program officials and faculty, but all must follow specific standards and guidelines in order to be accredited. CONCLUSION: Students who successfully complete SBB programs have a higher passing rate than those who attempt the certification examination and have not participated in a program. Students can choose among a variety of programs that differ widely in the way they are managed. The role of management in an SBB program ranges from attracting and retaining individuals and maintaining an accredited program to finally graduating individuals who not only pass the certification examination but who also confidently contribute to the field.
Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting of complex hydrocarbon mixtures: application to crude oils using data mining techniques

Crude oil fingerprints were obtained from four crude oils by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) using a silver nitrate cationization reagent. Replicate analyses produced spectral data with a large number of features for each sample (>11,000 m/z values) which were statistically analyzed to extract useful information for their differentiation. Individual characteristic features from the data set were identified by a false discovery rate based feature selection procedure based on the analysis of variance models. The selected features were, in turn, evaluated using classification models. A substantially reduced set of 23 features was obtained through this procedure. One oil sample containing a high ratio of saturated/aromatic hydrocarbon content was easily distinguished from the others using this reduced set. The other three samples were more difficult to distinguish by LDI-MS using a silver cationization reagent; however, a minimal number of significant features were still identified for this purpose. Focus is placed on presenting this multivariate statistical method as a rapid and simple analytical procedure for classifying and distinguishing complex mixtures.
Concave Programming Applied to a Special Class of 0-1 Integer Programs

This paper connects some of the recent developments in concave and integer programming. In particular, it points out parallels between the work of Hoang Tui and R. D. Young. From these methods, a finite algorithm for solving a special class of 0-1 integer programs is developed. Our approach contrasts with an earlier extension of Tui's method due to M. Raghavachari and general "intersection" or "convexity" cut approaches.
Transition Metal Derivatives of a ((Dimethylamino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligand. Synthesis and Structures of Amino-Containing Cyclopentadienyl Derivatives of Cobalt(I) and -(III) Including Water-Soluble Compounds.

The synthesis of monometallic cobalt(III) and -(I) complexes of ((dimethylamino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl are reported. The presence of the basic amino group facilitates these synthesis using the corresponding cyclopentadiene complexes as starting material. A cobaltocenium green complex [{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)N(H)Me(2)}(2)Co(III)](3+)(Cl(-))(3) (3) was obtained from C(5)H(5)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2) (1) or from its salt M[C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)] (M = Na, Li) (2) upon reaction with Co(II)Cl(2) in THF. The structure of the complex [{(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2))(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)N(H)Me(2))}Co(I)(II)](PF(6))(2) (4), prepared from 3 by treatment with NH(4)PF(6) in aqueous solutions, was solved in the triclinic space group Po with one molecule in the unit cell, the dimensions of which were a = 6.314(2) A, b = 7.137(2) A, c = 13.452(2) A, alpha = 103.66(2) degrees, beta = 90.25(2) degrees, gamma = 92.89(2) degrees, and V = 588.2(3) A(3). Adjacent molecules in the unit cell of 4 are hydrogen bonded via a H(+) through their -NMe(2) side chains. The reaction of Co(2)(CO)(8) with C(5)H(5)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2) (1) leads to the formation of [{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)}Co(I)(CO)(2)] (5). Treatment of 5 with HBF(4) in ether solutions yielded [{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)N(H)Me(2)}Co(I)(CO)(2)](+)BF(4)(-) (6). Oxidation of 5 with I(2) or Cl(2) gas yielded [{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)}Co(III)I(2)] (7a) and [{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)}Co(III)Cl(2)] (7b). Addition of HBF(4) to complex 7a resulted in the breaking of the Co(III)-NMe(2) bond, producing the dimeric complex [{(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)N(H)Me(2))Co(III)I(2)}(2)](2+)(BF(4)(-))(2) (9). The bridged diiodo dimer 10, [{(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2))CoI}(2)](2+)(BF(4)(-))(2), on the other hand, could be obtained from complex 7a upon addition of AgBF(4) in CH(2)Cl(2).
Adult growth hormone deficiencysyndrome: A personal approach to diagnosis, treatment and monitoring

Therapy guidelines and monitoring should focus on symptoms and, from a laboratory standpoint, serum IGF-I concentrations. Successful interaction between the patient and the physician depends on awareness of the symptoms of the adult GHD syndrome and those associated with replacement therapy. Successful GH replacement therapy can lead to significant improvement in the patient's condition with great satisfaction with the treatment being expressed by the patient, their family and the physician.
Semantic priming and stimulus degradation: Implications for the role of the N400 in language processing

Two experiments explored the effects of stimulus degradation on behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures of semantic priming. The primary goal was to help elucidate the psychological processes that underlie the N400 component. In both experiments, subjects made speeded lexical decisions to words and pseudowords preceded by either semantically related or unrelated prime words. In one block of trials, the target stimuli were intact, and in a second block they were degraded by removing a random 33% of the elements making up each letter of the target (Experiment 1) or by overlaying a matrix of dots on the target (Experiment 2). In both experiments, subjects responded faster and more accurately to related targets than to unrelated targets (behavioral semantic priming effect), and this priming effect was greater when the target was degraded. However, although the N400 component was larger for unrelated than related targets (ERP semantic priming effect), there was no evidence that this difference was larger in the degraded block of either experiment. These results indicate that the behavioral and ERP measures reported here appear to be tapping into different components of the process(es) involved in semantic priming. The implication of the results for the linguistic processes underlying the N400 are discussed.
Aerosol sample preparation methods for X-ray diffractive imaging: Size-selected spherical nanoparticles on silicon nitride foils

Abstract We are developing aerosol generating and processing methods for X-ray analyses of nanoscale materials using conventional synchrotron radiation sources and using the newly operational soft X-ray free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron. Charge-reduced electrospray, differential mobility analysis and an electrostatic precipitator were used to prepare samples consisting of size-monodisperse spherical nanoparticles deposited on 20 nm thick silicon nitride foils supported by silicon frames. Ninety-seven and 102 nm diameter spheres were selected from a broader distribution of 98 nm spheres using differential mobility. We measured the size distribution of the spheres using forward scattering from 1.65 nm light at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the size distribution of the size-selected spheres was as narrow as 5.4 nm when measured by SEM, as compared to 16 nm for the non-size-selected distribution. Forward scattering measurements of the 97 nm diameter size-selected spheres fit a size distribution with a FWHM of 4 nm and allowed us to validate the methodology for use in future diffraction imaging experiments at FLASH.
Impacts of different precipitation data sources on water budgets

Abstract Radar and rain-gauge precipitation datasets are used to explore the impacts of different precipitation data sources on water budgets simulated by the Three-Layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model over the watershed of the Illinois River at Watts, Oklahoma. Hourly grid-based NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) Stage III precipitation data (approximately 4×4 km 2 ) were aggregated in time and space to daily precipitation at 1/8 degree and compared to the University of Washington (UW) daily precipitation data, which were gridded at 1/8 degree based on rain-gauge precipitation data. Comparisons of the temporal cumulative precipitation magnitudes indicate that the NEXRAD precipitation is smaller than the UW data and the rain gauge measurements. Hyetographs obtained from the NEXRAD data in general appear to be narrower with higher peaks. In addition, the NEXRAD data are better in capturing the precipitation spatial distributions than the UW data. Investigations of water fluxes based on simulations forced by the two types of precipitation datasets suggest that realistic streamflow simulations, compared to the observed daily streamflow at the outlet of the Illinois River at Watts, can be obtained if model parameters are calibrated. Compared to soil moisture of the total zone, runoff and evapotranspiration are more sensitive to the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation, with runoff being most sensitive. Also, runoff and evapotranspiration obtained based on the NEXRAD precipitation data show more spatial heterogeneities than those obtained by using the UW precipitation data. Moreover, the magnitudes of the components of the water budget can be strongly impacted by the VIC-3L calibrated parameters, but their spatial distribution patterns may not be significantly affected.
Chain stiffness of a high molecular weight polyguanidine prepared by living polymerization

Nearlyallsyntheticpolymersofthistypearepreparedviastep-growthmethodologies,andasaconsequence,arecharacterizedbylowmolecularweightandlargepolydispersities. Ourdesiretoremedythesedeficiencieshasledustodeveloplivingchain-growthroutes to stiff polymers, with rigidity to be derivedprincipallyfromrestrictedrotationsaboutmain-chainbonds. Chain-growthmechanismsfacilitatepolymeri-zationtohighmolecularweight,whilelivingnesspro-motes uniformity in molecular weight distribution.Examplesofthelivingchain-growthapproachincludepolyisocyanides,
Sim-U-Sketch: a sketch-based interface for SimuLink

Sim-U-Sketch is an experimental sketch-based interface we developed for Matlab®'s Simulink® software package. With this tool, users can construct functional Simulink models simply by drawing sketches on a computer screen. To support iterative design, Sim-U-Sketch allows users to interact with their sketches in real time to modify existing objects and add new ones. The system is equipped with a domain-independent, trainable symbol recognizer that can learn new symbols from single prototype examples. This makes our system easily extensible and customizable to new domains and unique drawing styles.
Mortality in the United States: A review and evaluation of special reports of the national center for health statistics

This report presents a brief review of health services in the United States during the years 1850–1968, analyzes trends in mortality on the basis of eleven reports that have been published by the National Center for Health Statistics during 1964–68, and compares the results with recent trends in England and Wales, Chile, and Japan. An overview of the analysis and of the current health situation permits three major observations. First, reductions in infant mortality since 1965 are encouraging, but only further research can confirm that they are the result of control of morbidity conditions and thus indicative of still lower infant mortality rates to come. Second, chronic diseases have come to replace infectious diseases as the principal causes of natural death. Further reductions in infectious diseases can have only a very small effect on total mortality. Now, since improved mortality from a chronic condition often means that death from that condition has been postponed to a later age, the older age groups appear to be accumulating increasing proportions of physically impaired lives, and this means an adverse effect on mortality trends. There is no reason, then, to expect improvement in these trends at the very high ages. Third, violent deaths out-rank natural deaths as causes of death before mid-life. While safety measures have reduced accident death rates at home, at work, and in public places, automobile accidents and suicide and homicide will not show decline soon. This is because control of the automobile hazard, which involves motor vehicle design, road construction, and driver education will come slowly. Public health measures for the control of suicide are also slow in development; both suicide and homicide are essentially social problems. Finally, rates of improvement remain greater for females than for males; differentials in mortality by residence, color, and social class will become even smaller; and mortality trends will be influenced increasingly by individual efforts in the future.
miRNA profiling of cancer

A steadily growing number of studies have shown that microRNAs have key roles in the regulation of cellular processes and that their dysregulation is essential to keep the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. The distorted and unique expression profile of microRNAs in different types and subsets of tumor coupled with their presence in biological fluids make of microRNAs an attractive source of sensitive biomarkers. Here, we will discuss how microRNA profiles are altered in cancer, highlighting their potential as sensitive biomarkers for cancer risk stratification, outcome prediction and classification of histological subtypes. We will also evaluate the current knowledge on the use of microRNAs as circulating biomarkers, hoping that further studies will lead to the application of microRNA signature in prognostic and predictive markers that can improve patient health.
A generalized euclidean procedure for integer linear programs

This paper investigates a new procedure for solving the general-variable pure integer linear programming problem. A simple transformation converts the problem to one of constructing nonnegative integer solutions to a system of linear diophantine equations. Rubin's sequential algorithm, an extension of the classic Euclidean algorithm, is used to find an integer solution to this system of equations. Two new theorems are proved on the properties of integer solutions to linear systems. This permits a modified Fourier-Motzkin elimination method to be used to construct a nonnegative integer solution. An experimental computer code was developed for the algorithm to solve some test problems selected from the literature. The computational results, though limited, are encouraging when compared with the Gomory all-integer algorithm.
How to move a black hole without excision: Gauge conditions for the numerical evolution of a moving puncture

Recent demonstrations of unexcised black holes traversing across computational grids represent a significant advance in numerical relativity. Stable and accurate simulations of multiple orbits, and their radiated waves, result. This capability is critically undergirded by a careful choice of gauge. Here we present analytic considerations which suggest certain gauge choices, and numerically demonstrate their efficacy in evolving a single moving puncture black hole.
A matrix analysis of scientific special ties and careers in science

A preliminary theoretical study is given of scientometric parameters such as co-authorship, co-references, co-citation, etc. The concept is based on a “scientific space” whose elements are the scientific articles and their authors. The matrix operations representing certain hypotheses as well as sound definitions of concepts used so far in scientometrics are discussed.
Tremulous Jaw Movements Produced by Acute Tacrine Administration: Possible Relation to Parkinsonian Side Effects

Previous work has shown that cholinomimetic drugs induce "vacuous" or non-directed jaw movements in rats. In the present study, five experiments were conducted to provide a pharmacological, anatomical and behavioral characterization of tacrine-induced vacuous jaw movements. In the first experiment, tacrine produced vacuous chewing in a dose-related manner in a range of 1.25 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg. This effect was reduced, also in a dose-related manner, by the co-administration of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine in a range of 0.125 to 1.0 mg/kg, but not by N-methylscopolamine. The fourth experiment examined the effect of scopolamine (2.5 to 10.0 micrograms) injected into the ventrolateral striatum on vacuous jaw movements induced by 5.0 mg/kg tacrine. Intrastriatal injections of scopolamine completely blocked tacrine-induced jaw movements. The fifth experiment utilized a slow-motion videotaping system to analyze the temporal characteristics of vacuous chewing induced by 5.0 mg/kg tacrine. The vast majority of the movements occurred in rapid "bursts," and analysis of interresponse times (i.e., the time between each jaw movement) showed that most of the jaw movements occurred within a local frequency range of 3 to 7 Hz. Thus, tacrine-induced jaw movements are reduced by antimuscarinic treatment, and most of these movements occur in the parkinsonian tremor frequency range. Tremulous jaw movements induced by tacrine in rats appear to share some characteristics with Parkinsonian tremor.