cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF JORUM CONTAINMENT.

Abstract This paper describes a pioneering calculational effort that dealt with problems relating to the stemming of an underground nuclear event before the event occurred. The Jorum Event presented two often-encountered situations: stemming of the main emplacement hole and stemming of a satellite hole. This event was unusual, however, in that portions of these holes were located below the water table. One- and two-dimensional, time-dependent, finite difference calculations that solved the conservation equations, with general equations-of-state and static and dynamic frictional forces, were used to simulate the two stemming situations. The models, assumptions and parameters used in the various calculations are discussed. Even when conservative parameters were used to represent the effects of water, the calculational results indicated that the planned stemming configurations would contain the event.
Grammatical and associative constraints in sentence retention

The free learning technique was used to test several hypotheses about sentence processing in recall. Sentence complexity (mean depth), syntactic type. (active, passive), and subjectobject association direction were found to be significant factors in over-all sentence recall. Recall error patterns showed differences between syntactic type and between association conditions. In addition, Ss showed evidence for an incomplete transformational process. The present experiment was conducted against a background of controversy about both the psychological structure and the mode of processing sentences. The aim of these studies was not so much a resolution of the controversies as an exploration of relevant variables and effects that require explication before a resolution can be proposed. One variable frequently emphasized in previous research has been syntactic type. Mehler (1963) has shown that when length and sentence complexity are uncontrolled, passive sentences are more poorly recalled than actives, with a tendency for passives to be recalled in their active form. The explanation of these phenomena has been couched in terms of transformational rules and s’s memory capacity. The nature of the processes by which S exercises these rules is as yet unclear. Nor is the case for this hypothesis furthered by the fact that, when complexity and length are controlled, passives are recalled as well as, or better than active sentences (Martin and Roberts, 1966). An alternative proposal is relevant: It has been hypothesized that the speaker is sensitive
Mechanically Assisted, Delayed Primary Closure of Diabetic Foot Wounds

The authors evaluated the time to healing and prevalence of complications in patients undergoing mechanically assisted, delayed primary closure of diabetic foot wounds compared with a similar population who received standard wound care. A total of 55 patients were enrolled for study, with 25 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Patients in the experimental (stretch) group underwent mechanically assisted primary closure of their wounds using a skin-stretching device. There was no difference between the stretch and control groups with regard to any descriptive characteristics, including wound chronicity. Although the wounds were over three times as large on average in the stretch group (P < .001), the stretch group reached full epithelialization approximately 40% sooner than the control group (26.4 ± 16.0 versus 42.5 ± 19.9 days; P < .002). Eighty-eight percent of patients in the stretch group experienced wound dehiscence, at a mean time of 1.8 ± 0.6 weeks following mechanically assisted closure. However, patients who experienced dehiscence in the stretch group healed significantly faster than patients in the control group (27.4 ± 16.7 versus 42.5 ± 19.9 days; P < .007). The results of this study suggest that mechanically assisted closure of diabetic foot wounds may result in reduced healing time compared with healing by secondary intention. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 88(10): 483-488, 1998)
Performance Degradation of IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA due to Hidden Nodes

As sensor nodes are subject to strict power limitations and often deployed in harsh environments, there is significant potential for a node to be hidden from another node. The impact of hidden nodes on performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate wireless personal area network protocol is evaluated. At lower Tx power, as a result of hidden nodes, there are more collisions in the network increasing the cost of packet delivery. The simulation results indicate that there exists an optimum transmission power that minimizes the impact of hidden nodes, and it depends on factors such as network load, desired throughput and beacon order. Results indicate that additional throughput gain and lower cost per packet delivered can be achieved by increasing the beacon order at higher Tx power.
Automatic detection of handwriting forgery

We investigated the detection of handwriting forgery by both human and machine. We obtained experimental handwriting data from subjects writing samples in their natural style and writing forgeries of other subjects' handwriting. These handwriting samples were digitally scanned and stored in an image database. We investigated the ease of forging handwriting, and found that many subjects can successfully forge the handwriting of others in terms of shape and size by tracing the authentic handwriting. Our hypothesis is that the authentic handwriting samples provided by subjects in their own natural writing style will have smooth ink traces, while forged handwritings will have wrinkly traces. We believe the reason for this is that forged handwriting is often either traced or copied slowly and is therefore more likely to appear wrinkly when scanned with a high-resolution scanner. Using seven handwriting distance features, we trained an artificial neural network to achieved 89% accuracy on test samples.
Phylogenetic characterization of microbial communities that reductively dechlorinate TCE based upon a combination of molecular techniques.

An anaerobic microbial consortium (referred to as ANAS) that reductively dechlorinates trichloroethene (TCE) completely to ethene with the transient production of cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride was enriched from contaminated soil obtained from Alameda Naval Air Station. ANAS uses lactate as its electron donor and has been functionally stable for over 2 years. Following a brief exposure to oxygen, a subculture (designated VCC) derived from ANAS could dechlorinate TCE only to vinyl chloride with lactate as its electron donor. Three molecular methods were used concurrently to characterize the community structure of ANAS and VCC: clone library construction/clone sequencing, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA probes. The community structure of ANAS did not change significantly over the course of a single feeding/dechlorination cycle, and only minor fluctuations occurred over many feeding cycles spanning the ...
Differences in stature and cortical thickness among highland Quechua Indian boys.

into three major ecological zones: coastal, highland, and jungle. Climate, vegetation, cultural traits, subsistence pattern, and population composition are different in each zone. The highland region is characterized by relatively cold climate and a predominance of native or indigenous Q uechua population with less admixture than those living in the coastal and jungle areas. Within the highland region, there is also large ecological diversity. The mountainous topography and its great differences in altitude over short distances permit the development of significant differences in terms of climate, culture, and subsistence pattern. At altitudes between 2,000 and 3,500 m (ca. 6,600 and 11,500 ft) the subsistence pattern is based primarily upon agriculture of maize,
Outcomes of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis Managed Without Revascularization

Objective To determine how often patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) managed without revascularization progress to accelerated hypertension and/or renal failure. Patients and Methods We examined the outcomes of 68 patients (mean ± SEM age, 71.8±0.9 years) with highgrade (>70%) RAS identified between 1989 and 1993 who were treated without renal revascularization for at least 6 months after angiography. The time to last follow-up averaged 38.9±2.8 months. Other vascular beds were affected in 66 of the 68 patients. End points were revascularization, nephrectomy, dialysis, or death. Results The mean ± SEM serum creatinine level rose from 1.4±0.1 to 2.0±o.2 mg/dL ( P Conclusions These data indicate that antihypertensive medication requirements increased and renal function deteriorated modestly in a subset of patients with atherosclerotic RAS managed initially without vascular intervention. Many achieved stable blood pressure for many years. Deterioration of renal function and mortality risk were greatest in patients with bilateral stenosis or stenosis to a solitary functioning kidney. These results reinforce the need for meticulous follow-up for disease progression but underscore the role of competing risks and high mortality from other cardiovascular diseases, which primarily determine the outcomes in patients with RAS and widespread atherosclerotic disease.
Influence of Models' Reinforcement Contingencies on the Acquisition of Imitative Responses

The acquisition of imitative responses under the latter conditions appears to be accounted for more adequately by a contiguity theory of observational learning. Some suggestive evidence that the acquisition of matching responses may take place through contiguity, whereas reinforcements administered to a model exert their major influence on the performance of imitatively learned responses, is provided in a study in which models were rewarded or punished for exhibiting aggressive behavior. The number of different physical and verbal imitative responses emitted spontaneously by the children constituted the performance measure. It is evident from the differences reported separately for boys and girls, that the significant effect of the model's reinforcement contingencies is based predominantly on differences among the girls' subgroups. It is evident, however, that contemporaneous reinforcements are unnecessary for the acquisition of new matching responses.
The Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ): Introduction to the Special Issue Examining DLOQ Use Over a Decade

The ProblemForces influencing organizations in the past decade profile the central role of organizational learning in ensuring sustainability and competitive advantage. The Dimensions of the Learni...
Revision surgery for lumbar pseudarthrosis.

Abstract Background context Revision surgery for pseudarthrosis after a lumbar spinal fusion has unpredictable functional results. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of revision surgery to fuse the pseudarthrosis site based on the two most common diagnoses (degenerative disc disease [DDD] vs. spondylolisthesis). Study design Patients who had a revision surgery between 1995 and 2004 for lumbar pseudarthrosis after short segment lumbar spinal fusion were identified through the institution's Spine Center surgery database. A retrospective chart review of clinical, hospital, and anesthesia records was then performed. Patient sample Sixty-six patients were included in the study (28 patients with DDD and 38 patients with spondylolisthesis). Inclusion criteria were a surgical diagnosis of pseudarthrosis with a prior fusion of one or two motion segments, minimum 24 months of follow-up, and a diagnosis of either symptomatic DDD or spondylolisthesis as the primary indication for the index fusion surgery. Outcome measures The Oswestry disability index (ODI) and a self-assessment questionnaire were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective chart and radiographic review was performed. Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for ODI scores and chi-square test for discrete variables from the outcome questionnaires. Results Follow-up radiographs were available for 64 patients (97%), and a fusion rate of 100% was found in both groups for the radiographs examined. The mean postoperative ODI score was 53.3 (30–84.4) for DDD patients and 37.2 (2.5–76) for the spondylolisthesis group (p Conclusions The clinical outcomes after revision surgery for pseudarthrosis are worse in patients with DDD compared with spondylolisthesis despite successful repair of nonunion. Risks and benefits should be well discussed with the patients before deciding on surgical treatment for the management of pseudarthrosis, especially in patients with previous short-segment fusions done for DDD.
Influence of geomorphic setting on the metabolism of Lake Huron fringing wetlands

We measured gross primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (R) seasonally in benthic, water column, and epiphytic microhabitats of Lake Huron fringing wetlands. Spring areal GPP ranged from 33 to 103 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, spring R ranged from 16 to 110 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, and the water column was the most important microhabitat for both GPP and R on average. Summer GPP ranged from 40 to 131 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, R ranged from 25 to 155 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, and the water column and benthic microhabitats were equally important for GPP and R. Fall GPP ranged from < 1 to 19 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, and R ranged from < 1 to 47 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, with the benthic and water column microhabitats being equally important. Net metabolism (the difference between GPP and R) was close to zero at most wetlands, but when macrophyte productivity was accounted for, most wetlands appeared autotrophic. Both GPP and R were highest in deep wetlands protected from hydrologic energy and declined with increasing wave exposure. With increasing exposure, wetlands were restricted to shallower water and benthic GPP and R increased relative to water column GPP and R. This pattern persisted to intermediate levels of exposure, beyond which benthic GPP and R declined as a result of physical disturbance to the sediment. Coastal wetlands are hotspots of productivity in Lake Huron and hydrologic energy is an important driver of total metabolism rates, as well as the distribution of GPP and R among microhabitats.
Pathogenicity of Life-Shortening Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus after Transfer from Drosophila melanogaster

Maternally inherited Wolbachia bacteria have evolved mechanisms to manipulate the reproduction of their invertebrate hosts, promoting infection spread. A high fitness cost to the host is maladaptive for obligate endosymbionts, and prior studies show rapid selection of new Wolbachia associations toward commensal or mutualistic symbioses. Here, wMelPop Wolbachia is transferred from Drosophila melanogaster into the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Characterization of the resulting strain provides an extreme example of Wolbachia as a pathogen. In addition to reduced longevity and fecundity, abnormally high Wolbachia density is associated with embryonic mortality that masks the typical pattern of cytoplasmic incompatibility. The results are consistent with earlier reports that show unpredictable shifts in the Wolbachia phenotype after interspecific transfer, which can complicate proposed strategies to modify the age structure of medically important vector populations.
Characterization of alkyl‐ and aryl‐tins by means of electrospray mass spectrometry

The organotins, mainly the trialkyltins and triphenyltins, have a widespread application as fungicides, anti-fouling coatings for porous and non-porous surfaces, herbicides, insecticides, and generic biocides. Traditional environmental monitoring methods can only give limited speciation of the organometallics. The speciation of a wide variety of alkyl- and aryl-tin isomers using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry under positive-ionization conditions is reported. Detection of the organotins was enhanced by the use of acetic acid in the methanol mobile phase. There were unexpected high-mass ions with multiple tin-isotope patterns present in many of the spectra. These high-mass species were possibly attributable to tin polymers, whose presence has been observed by others using X-ray methods.
LEGACY FOR THE MILLENNIUM: A Century of Progress in Plant Pathology

Plant pathology came of age at the turn of this century and we can be proud of the many significant contributions it has made to fundamental research as well as to service to growers. The twenty-first century will present our profession with dramatic challenges to meet the demands for increased food, fiber, and fuel production from a declining agricultural base. This can be accomplished only if plant pathology retains its integrity as a profession and remains abreast of advancements in the fields of biotechnology and communications.
Influences of the location of vertebral "IAR" on cervical spine kinematics

Different spine models have placed the IAR at various locations in the spine; more commonly, the central region of the intervertebral disk, the middle region of the subjacent vertebra, and the central region of the vertebral body. A computer simulation model of the cervical spine (C2-T1) was developed to investigate sagittal plane kinematics for different placements of the vertebral axis of rotation. Stiffness of the motion segment units was modeled with rotational springs. The combined loading vector applied to the spine replicated the in vitro experimental test results generated in the authors' laboratory. Equal stiffnesses of each vertebra were used. The difference in force magnitude amongst the different cases was less than 1% of the applied load. Although the changes in rotational magnitudes were small, the relative differences varied not only with the different models, but also amongst the different vertebral levels.
Multicontextual occupational therapy intervention: A case study of traumatic brain injury.

Cognitive deficits after a traumatic brain injury can result in significant functional limitations in all areas of daily living. An individual's ability to generalize learning may be limited, thus making it harder to live independently in the community. Assessing a client's metacognitive skills and awareness level may help to establish a baseline understanding about the supervision required and the most suitable living arrangements. This study describes a multicontextual, community re-entry occupational therapy programme directed at awareness training and compensation for cognitive problems in a 34-year-old man with traumatic brain injury. Intervention consisted of metacognitive training, exploration and use of effective processing strategies, task gradations and practice of functional activities in multiple environmental contexts. Strategies such as self-prediction, self-monitoring, role reversal and the use of checklists were used. Results after six months of intervention show improvements in the client's awareness level, enhancement of his occupational function, increased satisfaction with performance and a decrease in the level of attendant care. Additional studies are recommended to validate the findings. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Bi4(V0.85Co0.15)2O11−δ (BICOVOX) Ceramic Powders

Cobalt (15 at.%)-doped bismuth vanadate, Bi4(V0.85Co0.15)2O11−δ (BICOVOX) is known to have high oxygen ion conduction. However, the conductivity is highly anisotropic due to its layered structure. In this paper, we report the synthesis of BICOVOX powders with platelet habit by molten salt synthesis using a NaCl–KCl eutectic mixture as the reaction medium. The effects of treatment temperature and time on the morphology and phase content of the BICOVOX powders were investigated. By this method, it is possible to synthesize powders with platelets of major face dimension ∼50 μm and aspect ratio (major face dimension to thickness) as high as 15.
SNAP: an architecture for secure medical sensor networks

We identify the security threats facing a sensor network for wireless medical monitoring, and we propose a public-key architecture using elliptic curve cryptography to address these issues. We also present a preliminary protocol for securely establishing pairwise symmetric keys between a sensor and a base station using ECC. To evaluate our protocol, we are working on an implementation of ECC for the Moteiv Tmote Sky platform. Our initial release performs competitively with existing implementations for the Crossbow MICA.
Superacid-catalyzed reactions of olefinic pyrazines: an example of anti-Markovnikov addition involving superelectrophiles.

Olefinic pyrazines are found to react with benzene in CF3SO3H and give anti-Markovnikov-type addition products. We propose that this is caused by two effects: destabilization of the carbocationic intermediates that would lead to Markovnikov-type products and the generation of a considerable amount of positive charge at the terminal carbon of the olefinic groups. This suggests that acid-catalyzed addition reactions can give anti-Markovnikov-type products when a multiply charged (i.e., superelectrophilic) group is adjacent to the olefinic site.
Morphology, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Biliary Epithelia:

In this review, we have emphasized the importance of cholangiocytes in biology and pathology and highlighted recent advances in experimental approaches to study these increasingly important cells. It is anticipated that major advances will continue to be made in our understanding of how these cells funciton and the processes which result in their dysfunction. The techniques are now available to allow major inroads in our understanding of the pathobiology of cholangiocytes.
Promoting the application of expert systems in short-term unit commitment

A heuristic approach to the short-term unit commitment problem is presented. The generating unit's capacities are divided into thee categories, and then a rough 24 h-generation schedule is established. The global optimization is performed as an inference process. A prototype system is developed and tested on an IBM-386 personal computer using the C language. The ToolBook software is used to enhance the graphics capability of the package. The primary advantage of the proposed method is its short processing time for each schedule, as it schedules the generation unit commitment for a typical system in less than 2 s. The same system is examined by dynamic programming with an average running time of 20 min on an IBM 386 personal computer. >
Exploiting opportunistic networking in the GCC

Mobile users nowadays expect network connectivity in all places and at all times. While 3G and 4G networks promise to satisfy this growing demand, these networks can be overloaded, and users prefer free network access whenever possible. Research in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs), has demonstrated the viability of opportunistically utilizing public 802.11 networks for providing networking connectivity. In this paper, we take a first step towards understanding the potential 802.11 resources that can be exploited from taking advantage of opportunistic networking as one of the alternatives for data access on the Internet. We report on the results of a system we built that recorded 802.11 AP's in Doha, and conclude that the GCC is a fertile ground for conducting DTN type research as an alternative that would fulfill the growing demand of its mobile users.
Pathophysiology of Massive Infantile Spasms: Perspective on the Putative Role of the Brain Adrenal Axis

Massive infantile spasms are an age-specific seizure syndrome of infancy. Uniquely, the spasms respond to hormonal manipulation using adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or glucocorticoids. A hypothesis explaining the efficacy of hormonal therapy, age-specificity, multiple causative factors, and spontaneous resolution of infantile spasms is presented. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), an excitant neuropeptide suppressed by ACTH/steroids, is implicated. Evidence for the age-specific convulsant properties of CRH is presented, and a putative scenario in which a stress-induced enhancement of endogenous CRH-mediated seizures is discussed. Clinical testing of the CRH-excess theory and its therapeutic implications are suggested.
Catalyzing social support for breast cancer patients

Social support is a critical, yet underutilized resource when undergoing cancer care. Underutilization occurs in two conditions: (a) when patients fail to seek out information, material assistance, and emotional support from family and friends or (b) when family and friends fail to meet the individualized needs and preferences of patients. Social networks are most effective when kept up to date on the patient's status, yet updating everyone takes effort that patients cannot always put in. To improve this situation, we describe the results of our participatory design activities with breast cancer patients. During this process, we uncovered the information a social network needs to stay informed as well as a host of barriers to social support that technology could help break down. Our resulting prototype, built using Facebook Connect, includes explicit features to reduce these barriers and thus, promote the healthy outcomes associated with strong social support.
Tire Treadwear—The Joint Influence of Compound Properties and Environmental Factors

Abstract The wear rate of tire tread compounds depends jointly on the properties of the compound and on certain tire use or environmental factors. A previous publication clearly demonstrated the influence of rubber glass transition temperature (Tg) and carbon black (reinforcement) level under varying seasonal conditions (summer vs. winter testing) for several test courses with varying levels of pavement microtexture or abrasiveness. The variations in treadwear performance were interpreted in terms of two mechanisms of wear: (1) a highly elastic rupture deformation mechanism, rubber element vs. pavement asperity, called E‐wear and (2) a highly viscous or plastic deformation mechanism (abrasive wear), called P‐wear. The work of the previous publication has been extended by the use of the compound loss modulus (at 0 °C) as a single property to characterize tread compounds, that is superior to other typical properties (hardness, fatigue flex life, rupture energy). The varied dependence of wear on loss modulus...
A mode-locked laser as a light source for Schlieren photography

Second harmonic radiation from a mode-locked neodymium: glass laser has been used to carry out time-resolved Schlieren studies of sparks produced by focused ruby laser radiation. Synchronization of the two lasers was achieved by means of a spark gap triggered by the neodymium laser radiation, which switched a Pockels cell within the ruby laser cavity. The use of this technique permitted a detailed study of the plasma development during the initial stage immediately after breakdown and results were obtained in four gases (neon, argon, nitrogen, and air) at pressures between 60 and 1520 torr, using peak laser powers ranging from 35 to 300 MW and pulse risetimes between 14 and 24 ns. The results obtained indicate that, on the rising part of the laser pulse, the motion of the plasma along the laser beam axis can be explained in terms of a traveling ionization-breakdown wave.
Dislocation in translation

My inquiry into translation is, first of all, concerned with a regime that postulates translation as something representable, and then, with the task of historicizing that regime. The definition of translation as the “transfer of the message from one language into another” leads to the supposition that languages are separate and discrete unities. But what might translation be if we suppose that this is not the case and that one language cannot be easily distinguished from another? The Jakobsonian concept of interlingual translation or “translation proper” fails to take into account the ambiguity inherent in the translator’s position: who and where is the translator in relation to the source and target texts? Being neither addresser nor addressee the translator becomes a “subject in transit.” If translation is understood as simply the transfer of an invariant message from one language to another, the ambiguity of the translator’s positionality is suppressed and with it the idea of translation as a poietic social practice that institutes a relation at the site of incommensurability. When this occurs, translation is replaced by the “representation of translation” and comes to be seen as a form of communication between two fully circumscribed language communities. It was this particular representation of translation which gave rise to the possibility of identifying the unity of ethnic or national language with another language unity. By this “schema of co-figuration” an ethnic‑linguistic community becomes a “geo‑body” on which national sovereignty is built. Two nations represented as equivalent and alike can be viewed as conceptually different, a difference construed as a specific difference. The co‑figuration of “the West and the Rest” is an example of the resultant typical binary oppositions: “the West” constitutes itself by positing everything else as “the Rest” allowing one term to be evaluated as superior to the other. The identification of “modern” with “the West” changed how people organized historical experience; movement in time came to be associated with movement from periphery to centre. Historically, how we represent translation prescribes how we imagine national communities and ethnic identities.
Abstract 14796: Validity of Smartphone Pedometer Apps as a Tool to Monitor Physical Activity Remotely

Introduction: Over 65% of cellphones in the US are smartphones and the market share is rapidly growing. These devices allow many applications through mobile apps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the readiness of free smartphone pedometer apps as a tool to monitor activity. Hypothesis: Free pedometer Apps are a valid tool for activity monitoring. Methods: We reviewed all the pedometer apps from the app stores, Apple (iOS A) and Android (AA)(combined 93% of market share), and selected them for further review if they were free of charge and capable of storing and sharing data (step count and time). Two independent raters downloaded and evaluated all the selected apps to confirm compliance with requisites, background running and user friendliness. We recruited 12 volunteers to test the Apps without adjusted sensitivity settings. We randomized testing to phone location (waist vs shirt pocket) and walking speed on a treadmill (1, 2, and 3 mph for 6 minutes at each speed) and during a 6-minute walk test. All tests were performed at least twice by each volunteer, and the criterion measure of steps was obtained by manual counting using a hand tally counter. For statistical analysis we used Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, in addition to Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Results: 219 iOS A and 181 AA were reviewed. Of those, 13 iOS A and 9 AA were selected, downloaded and rated by two independent reviewers. Three apps from each system fulfilled the criteria and were analyzed. Accupedo and Pedometer SP (iOS A) and Accupedo (AA) step counts were not statistically different (p>0.05) than the counted steps, Pearson correlation coefficients were significant (p Conclusion: Despite the number of free pedometer apps, only a small subset is suitable for remote physical activity monitoring. Apps perform better at walking speeds higher than 1 mph without sensitivity adjustment. The technology and ubiquitous nature of smartphones appears that they are ready to use for activity monitoring in a clinical setting, which may aid in monitoring home walking programs.
Preventing chemotherapy errors with comprehensive medication assessment.

Preventing medication and chemotherapy errors is a priority in oncology nursing. In this article, a case is presented detailing a medication error that occurred because of inadequate assessment. Such errors still can occur despite electronic systems designed to increase medication administration safety. The authors will discuss implications for oncology nurses. AT A GLANCE: Chemotherapy errors can occur if the American Society of Clinical Oncology and Oncology Nursing Society chemotherapy administration guidelines are not practiced consistently. Failure to observe the 10 principles of medication administration contributes to chemotherapy errors. Electronic safeguards may not prevent chemotherapy errors. .
Reconstructive Rhinoplasty Using Multiplanar Carved Costal Cartilage.

ImportanceReconstructive rhinoplasty often requires the use of cartilage grafts. Full-thickness autologous costal cartilage grafts provide a large amount of cartilage in a single uncarved block and...
MONOCHROMATOR WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENT DEVICE WITH SIX FIGURE ACCURACY

A monochromator and computer system has been constructed which measures wavelengths over a limited range with approximate six figure accuracy. Other wavelength measurement devices have been constructed which depend on interferometric methods to measure the wavelength. These devices have proven to work well when the beam quality of the laser to be measured is reasonably good. However when two of these devices of different manufacture were tested on a laser having poor beam quality, both devices yielded erratic readings. This was ascribed to extra fringes produced in the interferometric patterns. To obviate beam quality problems, a wavelength measurement device based on a monochromator was conceived.
Atomic Layer Deposition-Derived Ultra-Low-Density Composite Bulk Materials with Deterministic Density and Composition

A universal approach for on-demand development of monolithic metal oxide composite bulk materials with air-like densities (<5 mg/cm3) is reported. The materials are fabricated by atomic layer deposition of titania (TiO2) or zinc oxide (ZnO) using the nanoscale architecture of 1 mg/cm3 SiO2 aerogels formed by self-organization as a blueprint. This approach provides deterministic control over density and composition without affecting the nanoscale architecture of the composite material that is otherwise very difficult to achieve. We found that these materials provide laser-to-X-ray conversion efficiencies of up to 5.3%, which is the highest conversion efficiency yet obtained from any foam-based target, thus opening the door to a new generation of highly efficient laser-induced nanosecond scale multi-keV X-ray sources.
Refractory Jaundice From Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Treated With Cholangioscopy-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are epithelial neoplasms treated with surgical resection when appropriate. We present a 79-year-old man with jandice refractory to endoscopic stenting. Biliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with cholangioscopy was used as palliation of obstructive jaundice due to a mucin-producing pancreatic IPMN with fistulous biliary communication. Clinical improvement permitted surgery, and he returned to pre-illness status at 17 months. The use of cholangioscopy in the setting of mucinous filling defects can guide over-the-wire RFA for palliation and may be a bridge to surgery.
Controlling reproduction: Women versus the state

The primary means of regulating the birthrate within the family was artificially induced miscarriage or abortion. Soviet demographers A. G. Vishnevskii and A. G. Volkhov commenting on the 1920s and early 1930s In the spring of 1920, when abortion was still prohibited in the Soviet Union, Nikolai Semashko, the commissar of health, was deluged by letters concerning the frightening popularity of the practice. One worker from a factory staffed largely by young women wrote, “Within the past six months, among 100 to 150 young people under age 25, I have seen 15 to 20 percent of them making abortions without a doctor's help. They simply use household products: They drink bleach and other poisonous mixtures.” The letters, from Party members as well as workers, indicated that the law against abortion did little to deter women who wanted to terminate their pregnancies. The practice of abortion had been widespread in Russia prior to the Revolution despite the strict legal prohibition against it. The Criminal Code of 1885 defined abortion as a “premeditated act” of murder. It prescribed stiff punishment for both those who performed and those who underwent the procedure. After 1905, many doctors and jurists urged reform of the abortion laws; prominent professional organizations recommended legalization. Yet despite criticism of the existing legislation, only a few advanced the feminist argument that women had the right to make their own reproductive choices. The October Revolution and subsequent civil war did little to halt the practice of underground abortion. In fact, famine, hardship, and economic ruin spurred increasing numbers of women to seek illegal abortions.
Impact of variability in respiration on estimation and correction of respiratory motion of the heart in SPECT

Respiratory motion combined with the "respiratory creep" of the heart can impact the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac PET or SPECT perfusion images. Several groups have investigated the use of registration to estimate respiratory motion between 3D reconstructions of respiratory binned projection data in PET, and recently in SPECT. Motion estimation can be done by first binning the list-mode data into different respiratory gates using an external monitor of respiratory monitor. Amplitude binning has been determined to be more accurate than phase-binning thus in general it is favored. However one issue with amplitude binning in SPECT is that, if the patients' respiratory motion varies greatly with time, it may result in low or no counts in some amplitude bins at some angles. In previous studies of respiratory motion correction in SPECT we investigated 3D registration with phase-binned datasets. With phase-binning no gates at any projection angle would be count-deficit on account of the motion. In this work we investigate the limits on the accuracy of respiratory motion estimation with amplitude binned data when one tries to estimate motion from 3D datasets with reconstruction artifacts due to some of the projection angles having no or few counts. We also investigate correction for respiratory motion within reconstruction when for some of the amplitude binned projection sets have few or no counts. For the purpose we derive and implement a motion-gated MLEM algorithm, where at each iteration we go through all the bins, reconstructing intermediate transformation states of the object. In a future work we will present another derivation where-in we use all the information from the different bins at once and calculate the update equation for a single object.
A Closer Look at the Camp Experience: Examining Relationships between Life Skills, Elements of Positive Youth Development, and Antecedents of Change among Camp Alumni.

Understanding program components that contribute to positive youth outcomes following camp experiences can help program providers bring a greater level of intentionality to their efforts. The purposes of this study were twofold: (a) to develop reliable and valid measures of life skill development, elements of positive youth development (PYD), and antecedents of change within the context of camp and (b) to examine potential relationships between life skill development, elements of PYD, and antecedents of change to better understand elements that influence youth outcomes in camp. Data were collected from 429 camp alumni using an online survey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the reliability and validity of the three proposed scales, and hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine how selected variables contributed to the participants’ outcomes scores. Study results suggest three psychometrically sound instruments were developed to measure these constructs. Implications for research and practice are explored.
Optimum Support Structure Generation for Additive Manufacturing Using Unit Cell Structures and Support Removal Constraint

Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the process in which a part is built using a layer by layer approach. Due to the inherent nature of the process, support structures are required to support overhanging features while building a part by AM. Support Structures increase the build time and cost of manufacturing and also have an adverse effect on the surface finish of the part. This paper presents a new approach for minimizing support structures using space filling cellular structures in conjunction with Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm to generate optimized support structures. Further, additional support accessibility constraints are applied to the support generation algorithm to ensure the ease of removal of the supports after manufacturing the part. The algorithm is validated by simulating the supports for two test parts while performing FEA analysis to test whether the generated structures are capable of supporting the weight of the part. A third test case is presented to verify the results of the algorithm using the support accessibility constraint.
Multi-person Identification and Localization for Ambient Assistive Living

In this paper, we present a novel, non-intrusive system that uses RFID technology and the Kinect sensor in order to identify and track multiple people in an assistive apartment. RFID is used for both identification and location estimation while information from the Kinect sensor is used for accurate localization. Data from the various modalities is fused using two techniques. During the experiments conducted, our system exhibited high accuracy, thus proving the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Evaluation of a high-moisture stabilization strategy for harvested microalgae blended with herbaceous biomass: Part I—Storage performance

Abstract Algal biomass is becoming increasingly attractive as a feedstock for biofuel production. However, the swing in algal biomass production between summer and winter months poses a challenge for delivering predictable, constant feedstock supply to a conversion facility. Drying is one approach for stabilizing algal biomass produced in excess during high productivity summer months for utilization during low productivity months, yet drying is energy intensive and thus costly. Wet, anaerobic storage, or ensiling, is a low-cost approach that is commonly used to preserve high moisture herbaceous feedstock. The potential for microalgae stabilization without the need for drying was investigated in this study by simulating ensiling, in which oxygen limitation drives anaerobic fermentation of soluble sugars to organic acids, dropping the pH and thereby stabilizing the material. Algal biomass, Scenedesmus obliquus , was blended with corn stover and stored in acidic, anaerobic conditions at 60% moisture (wet basis) to simulate wet storage by means of ensiling. Results demonstrate that algae and corn stover blends were successfully preserved in anaerobic, acidic conditions for 30 days with Scenedesmus obliquus stored alone at 80% moisture (wet basis) in acidified, anaerobic conditions for 30 days, resulted in dry matter losses of 6–14%, compared to 44% loss in neutral pH, anaerobic storage and 37% loss in a neutral pH, aerobically stored condition. Additional experiments were performed at a larger scale in which an algae and corn stover blend was subject to mechanical oxygen exclusion and a Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculum, resulting in 8% loss over 35 days and further indicating that acidic, anaerobic conditions can stabilize microalgae biomass. In summary, the stabilization of harvested algae can be achieved through anaerobic storage, securing a feedstock that is labile yet of high value.
Activation of beta-catenin by mutant FLT3 receptors is mediated by GSK3-beta

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 343 FLT3 is a tyrosine kinase receptor important for normal hematopoiesis, and is also involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Mutation of the FLT3 gene is the most prevalent genetic lesion in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), most commonly as in frame insertions of variable length (internal tandem duplications, or ITDs) in the juxtamembrane (JM) or missense point mutations in the kinase domain. These activating mutations of FLT3 promote ligand independent proliferation, increase cell survival, and block myeloid differentiation of early hematopoietic cells in mouse model. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway has recently be shown to participate in the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, and to be constitutively activated in AML patients who harbor FLT3-ITD mutations. In general, the level of beta-catenin is thought to be regulated by a cytosolic destruction complex, in which GSK3-beta is a major component. But GSK3-beta plays a differential role in the regulation of beta-catenin in different cell types. We investigated the mechanism leading to increased beta-catenin found in the cells expressing FLT3-ITD mutations and specially studied the role of GSK3-beta in regulation of beta-catenin and its target genes. We found that activating mutations of FLT3 constitutively inhibited the activity of GSK3-beta and increase total level of beta-catenin in the cells either ectopically expressing FLT3 activating mutations or in the cells derived from AML patient who harbored FLT3-ITD mutations. Further, inhibition of GSK3-beta appears to be mediated by PI3/AKT pathway that is constitutively activated by FLT3 activating mutation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that small molecular inhibitor of FLT3 tyrosine kinase activity reduced phosphorylation of GSK3-beta at serine 9 (phosphorylation at this amino acid will inhibit its kinase activity), decreased total levels of beta-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D3. Pharmacological inhibitions of GSK3-beta in AML cells also increased the levels of beta-catenin and its target genes. Finally, stable expression of a dominant negative form of GSK3-beta (dnGSK3-beta) in the Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells increased the levels of beta-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D3 and blocked the down-regulation of theses genes induced by FLT3 inhibitor. Taken together, our data demonstrate that GSK3-beta is critical for mediating the effect of FLT3-ITD on beta-catenin and its target genes, also suggest that GSK3-beta may serve as a nexus for crosstalk of the FLT3 activating mutations and the Wnt pathways.
Storyteller: A New Medium for Guiding Students Through Code Examples (Abstract Only)

There is value in instructors guiding students through complex programming problems. An instructor can describe how they start a program, decide what to do next, recover from poor problem solving choices, and check their work. Worked examples give students an inside look at an expert/s mental model and show how an expert approaches a problem. Live coding demonstrations of complex problems can be difficult for instructors to do well, however. This demonstration will show a tool that allows programmers to guide an audience through the evolution of some code without requiring a live performance. The open source tool, Storyteller (https://github.com/markm208/storyteller), integrates with a popular text editor to record all file editing and file operations so that they can be replayed in an animated, annotated playback. Instructors can replay their work to reflect on it. They can insert comments (text, drawings, screenshots, and audio) to describe their code and to explain the reasons why certain decisions were made. These comments are linked not only to a place in the code but to a point in time during the evolution of the code. The comments are recorded and are visible in future playbacks of the code. The author of a playback can create a narrative describing how and why their code is changing. These can be used by instructors to provide worked examples for their students. The demonstration will show some example playbacks and how they were used in class along with how to create and share playbacks with the tool.
Hospitalist Medicine: Voluntary or Mandatory?

Voluntary and mandatory hospitalist models and the challenge they face of ensuring that patient care interests retain priority. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.