cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolitis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient receiving auranofin

A patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis and sicca symptoms was treated with auranofin. During auranofin therapy, she developed irreversible airways obstruction due to bronchiolitis. Whereas this complication could have been due to her underlying disease, we discuss here the possibility of its being related to the auranofin therapy.
Characterization of a region of the measles virus hemagglutinin sufficient for its dimerization

Attachment of measles virus (MV) to its cellular receptor is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (H). H exists at the viral surface as a disulfide-linked dimer which may associate into a tetramer. We aimed to define regions of H essential for its homo-oligomerization. To delineate these more precisely, we have generated a series of H ectodomain truncation mutants and studied their abilities to form both homotypic complexes and heterotypic complexes with full-length H. We define a “minimal unit” which is sufficient for MV H dimerization as that encompassing residues 1 to 151. This unit forms both homodimers and heterodimers with full-length H protein, although neither is transported to the cell surface even in the presence of other MV proteins. We show that cysteine residues at positions 139 and 154 are both critical in mediating covalent dimerization, not only of the truncated H mutants but also of full-length MV H protein. Even those cysteine mutants unable to form covalent intermolecular interactions are biologically active, mediating the formation of syncytia, albeit at a reduced rate. We demonstrate that this impaired capacity to mediate cell-to-cell fusion is based mainly on a reduced transport rate of the mutant molecules to the cell surface, indicating a role for covalent intermolecular interactions in efficient transport of MV H dimers to the cell surface.
Three-port conversion scattering parameters characterization for microwave mixers

We present a method for characterizing three-port (RF, IF, image) conversion scattering parameters for microwave mixers. A diplexer is used to separate the image signal from the IF signal. The de-embedding and un-terminating methods have been used for calculating the scattering-parameter matrix. The conversion scattering parameters have been obtained at different local-oscillator (LO) power levels for a commercial microwave mixer. We also show how the termination of the image signal will affect the conversion loss of the microwave mixer.
Papillary tissue fragments in cervicovaginal (Pap) smears: Cytomorphologic characteristics and clinicopathologic significance

Papillary epithelial fragments (PEFs) are a rarely described architectural feature in cervicovaginal (Pap) smears. Morphologically, PEFs often consist of small, finely branching glandular tissue fragments with varying cytomorphology. This study identified 21 Pap smears (1978–2009) containing PEFs to determine the clinicopathologic significance of such findings. Patients ranged in age from 36 to 81 years (mean, 54 years). The Pap smear diagnoses consisted of 48% overt malignant neoplasms, 24% atypical fragments, and 28% benign entities. The papillary fragments featured a range of cytomorphologies consisting of benign features, mild to marked atypia, and overt malignancy. PEFs were more commonly found (57%) in specimens from patients with significant pathologic outcomes. Hence, the presence of PEFs in a Pap smear should raise concern for a neoplastic process. In smears displaying atypical to malignant cytomorphologic features recommendations for further clinical work-up and/or tissue studies should be made. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Goal tolerance, outside investors, and family firm governance

Le Breton–Miller and Miller argue that as the family becomes more embedded in the firm, the firm's decision makers become more susceptible to influence by the family, and agency problems rise for o...
Teaching metacognition: Helping engineering students take ownership of their own learning

In this Work In Progress paper, we describe an NSF-funded research project designed to generate transferable tools that can be used to teach and evaluate undergraduate engineering students' metacognitive skills. Metacognition, defined as the knowledge and regulation of one's own cognitive (or thinking) processes, is critically important to student learning and particularly instrumental in problem-solving. Nonetheless, much of the research has occurred in controlled research settings and little is known about how to help students develop metacognitive skills in classroom settings. Through this project, we are working to close this gap by creating and testing a set of interventions designed to help students develop metacognitive skills and to help faculty teach and evaluate this important skill.
Metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis: Clinical presentation in the post-PSA era

e16159 Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) has varying biologic behavior. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening dramatically diminished the presentation of patients (pts) with metastatic CaP from...
Analysis of Dispersive Radar Scattering Mechanisms from Measured Data

Ultra wide band (UWB) radar scattering measurements may be made directly in the time domain using a short pulse radar, or the data may be measured as a function of frequency and the response transformed to the time domain. Spectral estimation techniques such as Fourier transforms or model based techniques such as autoregressive techniques (forward-backward linear prediction for example) or multiple sinusoid techniques (the MUSIC algorithm) may be used to transform from the frequency domain to the time domain.
ANPEPP: Symposia, Research, and Postgraduate Studies from 1988 to 2014

This article briefly describes (a) how ANPEPP was started and its first few years of activities, (b) the planning, implementation, evaluation, and recommendations by participants in the first symposium that led to future symposia format, and (c) ANPEPP's evolving activities from 1988 to 2014, taking one of its working groups (grupos de trabalho [GTs]) as an example. The analysis suggests that ANPEPP is playing a vital role in promoting fruitful interactions among researchers, contributing to a broad research agenda, and building a rich database of psychological knowledge in Brazil.
Simian virus 40, poliovaccines and human tumors: a review of recent developments.

Recently, wild-type SV40 and/or DNA sequences indistinguishable from SV40 have been detected in specific types of human tumors: ependymoma and choroid plexus tumors, mesothelioma, osteosarcoma and sarcoma. The same tumor types will develop in hamsters after injection with SV40. These findings are interesting in themselves for they could shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors. These findings also have public health implications. SV40 was found to have contaminated the poliovaccines and the adenovaccines from 1955 until 1963, therefore resulting in the inadvertent injection of millions of people with this tumor virus. Moreover, our society pays a high cost for asbestos causality, a carcinogen associated with the development of mesothelioma. In addition to asbestos, the potential impact of finding another possible cause for mesothelioma (i.e., SV40), as well as the possible pathogenic role of the contaminated poliovaccines, has generated considerable public interest and concern. To discuss these recent findings, the NIH (National Institutes of Health) and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), organized an International Conference at the NIH, Bethesda, MD, January 27-28, 1997. The association of SV40 with human mesothelioma was also discussed in a special session at the IV International Mesothelioma Conference that was held at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, May 13-16, 1997. The purpose of this review is to summarize data, from the discovery of the contaminated poliovaccines, to the most recent findings presented at the meetings in Bethesda and Philadelphia, to discuss technical and other problems associated with this research, and the potential for using these findings to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for SV40-associated malignancies.
Effects of vasoactive agents on blood loss and transfusion requirements during pre-reperfusion stages of the orthotopic liver transplantation

Objective: To evaluate the effects of vasoactive drugs, specifi cally low-dose vasopressin and phenylephrine infusions, on blood loss / transfusion requirements during dissection and anhepatic (pre-reperfusion) stages of orthotopic liver transplantations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 110 orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) cases was performed. The variables studied were: blood loss before and after reperfusion of the liver graft; blood volumes returned by cell-saver and amounts of transfused blood products; amounts of infused colloids and crystalloids; hemodynamic parameters such as MABP, MPAP, CO/CI, SVR; dosage of vasoactive drugs. Short – and long-term outcome measures included length-of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, 48 –hours return to the OR rate, incidence of the primary non-function of the liver graft, amounts of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate, administered in the ICU, and 1-year mortality. The study subjects were allocated in two groups. Study group consisted of 15 patients that received a low-dose (0.04U/min) vasopressin infusion alongside with other vasoactive agents, such as phenylephrine and epinephrine, during the dissection and anhepatic stages of the procedure. Control group consisted of 95 patients, that received the same vasoactive agents except a lowdose vasopressin infusion. Anesthetic and transfusion management in both groups were otherwise identical. Results: The estimated blood loss before reperfusion of the liver graft was in 50.2% lower (p=0.0094) and total blood loss was in 38.8% lower ( p=0.0548) in the vasopressin group in comparison with control group of subjects of the same age, sex and with the same MELD score. No statistically signifi cant differences neither in hemodynamic parameters between the two groups, nor in transfusion requirements and volumes of crystalloid and colloids infused, were detected. No differences were found also in long-term outcome parameters. Conclusions: The decrease in blood loss in the vasopressin group may be attributed to the use of a vasopressin infusion. A low-dose (0.04U/min) vasopressin infusion may be an effective technique for blood loss reduction during the pre-reperfusion stages in orthotopic liver transplantation.
Comprehensive Analysis and Selection of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Immune Correlates of Protection in Rhesus Macaques

Humoral and cell-mediated immune correlates of protection (COP) for inhalation anthrax in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model were determined. The immunological and survival data were from 114 vaccinated and 23 control animals exposed to Bacillus anthracis spores at 12, 30, or 52 months after the first vaccination. The vaccinated animals received a 3-dose intramuscular priming series (3-i.m.) of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) (BioThrax) at 0, 1, and 6 months. The immune responses were modulated by administering a range of vaccine dilutions. Together with the vaccine dilution dose and interval between the first vaccination and challenge, each of 80 immune response variables to anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) at every available study time point was analyzed as a potential COP by logistic regression penalized by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) or elastic net. The anti-PA IgG level at the last available time point before challenge (last) and lymphocyte stimulation index (SI) at months 2 and 6 were identified consistently as a COP. Anti-PA IgG levels and lethal toxin neutralization activity (TNA) at months 6 and 7 (peak) and the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting cells at month 6 also had statistically significant positive correlations with survival. The ratio of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA to IFN-γ mRNA at month 6 also had a statistically significant negative correlation with survival. TNA had lower accuracy as a COP than did anti-PA IgG response. Following the 3-i.m. priming with AVA, the anti-PA IgG responses at the time of exposure or at month 7 were practicable and accurate metrics for correlating vaccine-induced immunity with protection against inhalation anthrax.
Abstract P4-10-09: Relapse-free survival of triple negative breast cancer long term survivors and characterization of late events in MD Anderson experience

Background: Stage I-III TNBC patients have a high risk of disease relapse during the first 5 years after diagnosis. However, there is limited data on the risk of late relapse in TNBC survivors who are disease free at 5 years or more from diagnosis. We sought to characterize this risk in a cohort of TNBC long-term survivors from a large institutional database. Methods: The MD Anderson Breast Cancer Management System database was queried for TNBC survivors who were disease free 5 years or more from diagnosis. Demographic, tumor, and treatment data was extracted. Electronic medical records were searched to confirm pathology reports for invasive breast cancer diagnosis, triple negative receptor status, and hormone receptor percentage (%). The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were relapse free survival (RFS) and distant relapse free survival (DRFS). Patients were censored at time of developing a second primary breast cancer or at last follow-up time for those who were alive during the study. We used ACP-ASCO definition of ER and PR Results: We identified 1038 patients who had a median follow-up of 8.0 years. Receptor % information was available on 69% of patients, with 78% of them meeting current TNBC definition. From the total cohort of 130, 12.5% suffered event(s) that occurred after 5 years from diagnosis, with 86.2% of them occurring within 5-10 years of diagnosis. The event rate was 16.4% among patients with ER/PR 1-9% versus 11.3% among patients with ER/PR Conclusions: TNBC long term survivors are still at risk for relapse events after 5 years from diagnosis, and it is important to quantity this risk when counseling our patients. Frequency of late events was higher among patients with low hormone receptor positivity. Multivariate modeling of predictors of late recurrence is ongoing. Citation Format: Reddy SM, Sinha A, Syed M, Barcenas C, Valero V. Relapse-free survival of triple negative breast cancer long term survivors and characterization of late events in MD Anderson experience. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-09.
Acute respiratory tract infections: Epidemiological data, guided case management and outcome in a pediatric hospital in Riyadh.

Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality (25%-50%) in developing countries. For the proper management of patients with ALRTI, a history, clinical examination, chest x-ray and identification of the offending organism and its sensitivity to antimicrobial medications are recommended. Facilities for identifying various organisms are almost lacking in underdeveloped countries, and are only available to some extent in rich developing countries. For countries with inadequate medical facilities, WHO has initiated a program for the clinical management and control of acute respiratory infections 5,6 which has resulted in the reduction of ALRTI mortality rates by 25%-67%. 4 For developing countries, guidelines for diagnosis and management of ALRTI based on chest x-ray and minor laboratory facilities are required. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological data, guided lowcost case management protocol and outcome of treatment of ALRTI. This study was done in Suleimania Children’s Hospital (SCH), which is a referral and teaching pediatric hospital in Riyadh.
An improved technique for partial splenectomy

Partial splenectomy should be a part of the armamentarium of every surgeon managing traumatized patients. Patients with hematologic disorders may also be candidates for partial splenic resection. An improved technique for partial splenic resection is presented.
Soviet bloc involvement in the Salvadoran civil war

Abstract The United States State Department's 1981 “White Paper” alleging Soviet-bloc involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War has been the subject of considerable journalistic and scholarly censure. However, many of the criticisms do not withstand serious scrutiny. This study examines the evidence available at the time and later. It concludes that, despite some errors, the State Department's report was based on fairly solid intelligence.
Stromal cell and factor-dependent B lymphopoiesis in culture

Only a fraction of the cells responsible for humoral immunity (B lymphocytes) are long lived. While some B cells are made by division of other B lymphocytes during the propagation of immune responses, large numbers are continuously produced from immature precursors within hemopoietic tissues such as bone marrow. Recent technological advances have allowed substantial progress to be made in understanding the processes involved in primary B-cell formation and how they are regulated. This is particularly true for the final events in the series because they can be observed in cell culture. On the other hand, findings made with cell cultures provide exceptions to current hypotheses and it is now appropriate to reevaluate those models. Our objectives here are to present recent unpublished findings from in vitro studies, relate these to a general model which has been derived largely from transplantation and whole-animal work, and highlight new avenues of investigation which seem to hold particular promise.
The value of neurocognitive testing for acute outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury

Traditionally, neurocognitive testing is performed weeks to months after head injury and is mostly performed on patients who continue to have symptoms or difficulties. In this study, we sought to determine whether these tests, when administered acutely, could assist in predicting short-term outcomes after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is an IRB-approved prospective study of adult patients who came to the emergency department of our Level-1 trauma center with TBI. Patients were enrolled prospectively after providing written informed consent and underwent three separate neurocognitive tests: the Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT) the Rivermead Post-Concussion Survey Questionnaire (RPCSQ) and the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). A lower GOAT score was significantly associated with hospitalization (P = 0.0212) and the development of post-concussion syndrome (P = 0.0081) at late follow-up. A higher RPCSQ score was significantly associated with hospital admission (P = 0.0098), re-admission within 30 days of discharge (P = 0.0431) and evidence of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) at early follow-up (P = 0.0004). A higher MMSE score was significantly associated with not being admitted to the hospital (P = 0.0002) and not returning to the emergency department (ED) within 72 hours of discharge (P = 0.0078). Lower MMSE was also significantly associated with bleeding or a fracture on the brain CT (P = 0.0431). While neurocognitive testing is not commonly performed in the ED in the setting of acute head injury, it is both feasible and appears to have value in predicting hospital admission and PCS. These data are especially important in terms of helping patients understand what to expect, thus, aiding in their recovery.
On the Margins of Reality: Fiction, Documentary, and Marginal Subjectivity in Three Early Cuban Revolutionary Films

This chapter examines the tension between fictional and documentary registers in three works of early Revolutionary cinema in Cuba. It explores the coincidence of this formal tension with concrete historical tensions borne of the transformations that shape early Revolutionary cultural production. Of particular concern, here, are those moments when this formal tension corresponds to the emergence of marginal subjectivities that often contradicted dominant Revolutionary discourse and that, likewise, disrupted and complicated efforts to represent it.
Predictability of helminth parasite host range using information on geography, host traits and parasite community structure.

Host–parasite associations are complex interactions dependent on aspects of hosts (e.g. traits, phylogeny or coevolutionary history), parasites (e.g. traits and parasite interactions) and geography (e.g. latitude). Predicting the permissive host set or the subset of the host community that a parasite can infect is a central goal of parasite ecology. Here we develop models that accurately predict the permissive host set of 562 helminth parasites in five different parasite taxonomic groups. We developed predictive models using host traits, host taxonomy, geographic covariates, and parasite community composition, finding that models trained on parasite community variables were more accurate than any other covariate group, even though parasite community covariates only captured a quarter of the variance in parasite community composition. This suggests that it is possible to predict the permissive host set for a given parasite, and that parasite community structure is an important predictor, potentially because parasite communities are interacting non-random assemblages.
Induction of anti-aging gene klotho with a small chemical compound that demethylates CpG islands.

// Dongju Jung 1,2 , Yuechi Xu 1 and Zhongjie Sun 1 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA 2 Current address: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Hoseo University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea Correspondence to: Zhongjie Sun, email: // Keywords : klotho, methylation, Pax4, Kid3, CpG island Received : February 01, 2017 Accepted : May 05, 2017 Published : June 22, 2017 Abstract Klotho (KL) is described as an anti-aging gene because mutation of Kl gene leads to multiple pre-mature aging phenotypes and shortens lifespan in mice. Growing evidence suggests that an increase in KL expression may be beneficial for age-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes. It remains largely unknown, however, how Kl expression could be induced. Here we discovered novel molecular mechanism for induction of Kl expression with a small molecule ‘Compound H’, N -(2-chlorophenyl)-1 H -indole-3-caboxamide. Compound H was originally identified through a high-throughput screening of small molecules for identifying Kl inducers. However, how Compound H induces Kl expression has never been investigated. We found that Compound H increased Kl expression via demethylation in CpG islands of the Kl gene. The demethylation was accomplished by activating demethylases rather than inhibiting methylases. Due to demethylation, Compound H enhanced binding of transcription factors, Pax4 and Kid3, to the promoter of the Kl gene. Pax4 and Kid3 regulated Kl promoter activity positively and negatively, respectively. Thus, our results show that demethylation is an important molecular mechanism that mediates Compound H-induced Kl expression. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether Compound H demethylates the Kl gene in vivo and whether it can serve as a therapeutic agent for repressing or delaying the onset of age-related diseases.
Modular interior loading and exterior decoration of a virus-like particle.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the bacteriophage P22 offer an interesting and malleable platform for encapsulation and multivalent presentation of cargo molecules. The packaging of cargo in P22 VLP is typically achieved through genetically enabled directed in vivo encapsulation. However, this approach does not allow control over the packing density and composition of the encapsulated cargos. Here, we have adopted an in vitro assembly approach to gain control over cargo packaging in P22. The packaging was controlled by closely regulating the stoichiometric ratio of cargo-fused-scaffold protein and wild-type scaffold protein during the in vitro assembly. In a “one-pot assembly reaction” coat protein subunits were incubated with varied ratios of wild-type scaffold protein and cargo-fused-scaffold protein, which resulted in the encapsulation of both components in a co-assembled capsid. These experiments demonstrate that an input stoichiometry can be used to achieve controlled packaging of multiple cargos within the VLP. The porous nature of P22 allows the escape and re-entry of wild-type scaffold protein from the assembled capsid but scaffold protein fused to a protein-cargo cannot traverse the capsid shell due to the size of the cargo. This has allowed us to control and alter the packing density by selectively releasing wild-type scaffold protein from the co-assembled capsids. We have demonstrated these concepts in the P22 system using an encapsulated streptavidin protein and have shown its highly selective interaction with biotin or biotin derivatives. Additionally, this system can be used to encapsulate small molecules coupled to biotin, or display large proteins, that cannot enter the capsid and thus remain available for the multivalent display on the exterior of the capsid when attached to a flexible biotinylated linker. Thus, we have developed a P22 system with controlled protein cargo composition and packing density, to which both small and large molecules can be attached at high copy number on the interior or exterior of the capsid.
The Doctrinal Starting Points for Theology and Hermeneutics in Bioethics: A Response to Klaus Demmer

The following remarks are made from the perspective of a systematic theologian and will therefore focus more particularly on those fundamental questions for moral theologians which are closely related to changing perspectives in systematic theology. It is, in any case, in this area that questions over the role of the hierarchic magisterium in moral issues, questions about the scientific information factor, and questions about the mediation between these two factors must all be considered and resolved.
Externality Taxes and Subsidies

Publisher Summary Most economists consider taxes on externalities a feasible means of control when outright prohibition would result in excessive reduction of desirable activities (such as electricity production which jointly supplies various pollutants). However, the literature lacks a rigorous and general externality tax model. This chapter presents a tax–subsidy algorithm that is valid under very general conditions —convex production functions allowing for many products and firms and permitting externalities to be varied independently of salable commodity levels. The prevailing pessimistic conclusions concerning tax–subsidy schemes are wrong. The chapter presents a justification of several specific suggestions for the (approximate) taxes and subsidies on some pollutants toward which the political process is moving. When many are affected by the same pollutant, the tax share going to each injured party (generally different for each) may be paid to the government and not redistributed. This convenience in a world of positive administrative costs makes particular sense when the parties ultimately responsible for the pollution such as consumers of electricity form the majority of those injured by it. The optimal tax will typically be less for one polluter farther from pollution centers than another producer of identical pollutants.
Targeting Heat Shock Protein 70 to Ameliorate c-Jun Expression and Improve Demyelinating Neuropathy

Increased expression of the c-jun transcription factor occurs in a variety of human neuropathies and is critical in promoting Schwann cell (SC) dedifferentiation and loss of the myelinated phenotype. Using cell culture models, we previously identified KU-32 as a novobiocin-based C-terminal heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor that decreased c-jun expression and the extent of demyelination. Additional chemical optimization has yielded KU-596 as a neuroprotective novologue whose mechanistic efficacy to improve a metabolic neuropathy requires the expression of Hsp70. The current study examined whether KU-596 therapy could decrease c-jun expression and improve motor function in an inducible transgenic model of a SC-specific demyelinating neuropathy (MPZ-Raf mice). Treating MPZ-Raf mice with tamoxifen activates the MAPK kinase pathway, increases c-jun expression and produces a profound demyelinating neuropathy characterized by a loss of motor function and paraparesis. KU-596 therapy did not interfere with M...
Proximal femoral replacement in non-oncologic patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty.

Proximal femoral replacements (PFRs) have been recently utilized in complex revision arthroplasties where proximal femoral bone is compromised. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes, complications, and survivorship of PFRs as a salvage treatment for severe bone loss after non-oncologic revision total hip arthroplasty. This is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent femoral revision surgery using a single design PFR between 2004 and 2013 at our institution. Forty patients (41 hips) were included with a mean age of 64 years (29–90). According to Paprosky classification, 15 femurs had type IIIB defect, and 26 had type IV defect. Patients were followed for a mean of five years (2–10). The average length of reconstruction was 150 mm (81–261). A Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the survival of the PFR. A total of nine patients (9 PFRs, 22%) were re-operated upon. Three re-operations were for infection, two for dislocation, two for aseptic loosening, and two for periprosthetic fracture. The survivorship at five years was 95.1% for revision of the femoral stem for aseptic loosening. We did not find length of the segmental reconstruction or the indication for revision, to be a risk factor for implant failure or re-revision. Proximal femoral replacements have shown an acceptable survivorship in non-oncologic revision hip arthroplasties for severe proximal femoral bone loss. The frequent use of constrained liners may decrease the risk of dislocation due to the loss of the abductor mechanism encountered in these complex reconstructions.
Informative Cheap Talk in Elections

Why do office-motivated politicians sometimes espouse views that are non-congruent with their electorate’s? Can non-congruent statements convey any information about what a politician will do if elected, and if so, why would voters elect a politician who makes such statements? Furthermore, can electoral campaigns also directly affect an elected official’s behaviour? We develop a model of credible “cheap talk”—costless and non-binding communication—in elections. The foundation is an endogenous voter preference for a politician who is known to be non-congruent over one whose congruence is sufficiently uncertain. This preference arises because uncertainty about an elected official’s policy preferences generates policymaking distortions due to reputation/career concerns. We show that cheap talk can alter the electorate’s beliefs about a politician’s policy preferences and thereby affect the elected official’s behaviour. Informative cheap talk can increase or decrease voter welfare, with a greater scope for welfare benefits when reputation concerns are more important.
Position-sensitive scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Most fluorescence fluctuation experiments use a stationary laser beam to illuminate a small sample volume and analyze the temporal behavior of the fluorescence fluctuations within the stationary observation volume. Scanning of the laser beam in a circular pattern collects the fluorescence signal from a moving observation volume. The fluctuations contain now information about temporal and spatial properties of the sample. Synchronization between beam scanning and data collection allows us to evaluate the fluctuations for every position along the scanned trajectory. We present the theory of position-sensitive scanning fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and experimentally verify the theory. This technique is useful for detecting and characterizing directed transport processes in the presence of diffusion.
Folfirinox versus gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for neoadjuvant treatment of resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A propensity matched analysis.

402Background: Comparative effectiveness of FOLFIRINOX and Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (G-nP) in the neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), remains unknown. The aim o...
The State, Religious Institutions, and Welfare Delivery: The Case of Portugal

Mainly through the notable faith-based institution called the Misericordia, whose origins lie in the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church has long played an important role in the delivery of welfare in Portugal. While it continues to have autonomous sources of funding, the church is also heavily reliant on funding from the state. In the wake of democratization in 1974, the Portuguese state enacted several laws, recognizing and promoting the development of non-profit social service actors, that could contract with the state. A reformulation of the relationship with the national Misericordia network was a distinct element of this attempt to place the relationship between the state and civil society actors—including the church—on a new footing. More recently, the Eurozone crisis has resulted in markedly higher social need while placing significant budgetary pressure on the Portuguese state. Non-profits have been asked to do more with less and to diversify their funding streams. This chapter examines the areas of welfare services where faith-based organizations have been particularly active, the changing finances of these activities, and the evolving ecology of social service delivery, as new civil society organizations and market-oriented businesses have entered the field.
Hardware diagnosis as program debugging

Horn clauses provide a useful framework for writing executable structural representations for digital circuits. This paper discusses how these representations can be used to diagnose faulty circuits using algorithmic program debugging techniques developed by Shapiro. The sound theoretical basis of these techniques is one of the major advantages of this approach. This framework also provides a new perspective on some of the hardware diagnosis techniques suggested in the literature.
Variable Multipolarity and UN Security Council Reform

One of the fundamental international law questions over the past two decades, and an integral issue for US policy, has been the structure of the United Nations Security Council. In a world of variable multipolarity, whereby changing crises demand different combinations of actors with relevant resources and shared interests, the Council’s reform should be based not on expanded permanent membership - as mistakenly held by conventional wisdom - but on inclusive contextual participation in decision-making. The Council’s five permanent members continue to have collective resources relative to the rest of the world that are not significantly different than at the founding of the UN. Their aggregate power may have actually increased over time, but is nonetheless insufficient due to the shifting crises. Thus, the Council needs to ensure flexibility of response and, depending on the context, engage with specific regional and local actors. In contrast, increased permanent representativeness (except for limited expansion to include India and Japan) would have little, if any, benefit in enabling the Council to better fulfill its responsibility across all crises, and would merely risk increased deadlock. Moreover, the key issue for the international community is clarifying what common purpose the Council should serve. There is both a consensus within the international community that the Council’s responsibility under Article 24 of the UN Charter should continue to be the maintenance of international peace and security, and a persistent lack of clarity as to the meaning of this obligation in specific crises. Due to the decentralized nature of the international community, without a single Sovereign, this uncertainty cannot be resolved by a purely political decision. The Security Council is not above the law and must act within the law. Under international law, interpreting the Council’s purpose based on legal analysis of the text, context, and practice of Article 24 can be supplemented by recourse to norms of legitimacy emerging within the international community. If further agreement is reached on the Council’s purpose - a process that gives primacy to persuasion and can be improved through certain recommendations - the UN Charter already provides sufficient legal mechanisms to accommodate varying areas of crisis.
The Geostatic World View

The intellectual roots of the Galileo affair lie in the controversy that was precipitated by Copernicus’s work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543. The Copernican controversy may be defined in terms of the arguments in favor and against the key hypothesis that the earth moves. To properly understand and assess these arguments, especially the anti-Copernican ones, we need to understand the fundamentals of the world view which the Copernican theory replaced. This chapter aims to sketch these fundamentals.
Two-Layer Solenoids for Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

A new two-layer SMES solenoid design is presented as a possible replacement for earlier low aspect ratio single-layer Wisconsin SMES designs. The two-layer low aspect ratio design maintains most of the advantages and simplicities of the single layer design with several added benefits: lower current, smaller conductors at 200 kA which replace 800 kA conductors; more accessible and easier mounted conductors in two vertical layers, one inside and the other outside a solenoidal axial structure wall; improved conductor mechanical support due to the tapering together of the axial structure at the top and bottom to bring the end turns of inner and outer layers closer together; and an improved flexibility for force and field optimization for a thicker wall two-layer solenoid. Advantages for both double and single-layer coils are: compatible thermal-mechanical mounting on bedrock trench walls to contain expanding forces; rippled structure and conductor to reduce cooldown and magnetic loading stresses; open mounting in 1.8 K pool helium for good cooling; round conductor continuous assembly without joints; convenient design to short all turns in parallel for emergency discharge; and relatively low voltages for such large storage inductors. The key features of system stress analyses and system conductor stabilities for the new two-layer design will be described.
Functions of intracellular protein degradation in yeast.

It was first demonstrated by Schoenheimer in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s that the proteins in living organisms are not static structures but are continuously synthesized and degraded (1). His interpretation of the flux of amino acids between polypeptides and free amino acid pools was that “peptide bonds…are rapidly and continuously opened and closed in the proteins of normal animals” (1). This idea, which now strikes us as quaint, reflects the fact that Schoenheimer’s pioneering work preceded, by well over a decade, the discovery of ribosomal protein synthesis.
Cost-effectiveness of ovarian cancer screening: An analysis of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) from a U.S. health system perspective.

6608Background: UKCTOCS is the largest randomized controlled trial to evaluate screening’s impact on ovarian cancer mortality, assigning women to multimodal screening (MMS) with serum CA125 interpr...
Migration Mismatch: Bird Migration and Phenological Mismatching

Changing climate conditions pose challenges for many migratory birds, and their responses to these challenges can depend on their biology. To illustrate these impacts, I developed a board game to help elementary school students understand these challenges. The use of the game provides an opportunity to further discuss changes in phenology, the timing of life cycle events, in response to a changing climate.
Femoral Contact Forces in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee: A Robotic Study.

PURPOSE To measure contact forces (CFs) at standardized locations representative of clinical articular cartilage defects on the medial and lateral femoral condyles during robotic tests with simulated weightbearing knee flexion. METHODS Eleven human knees had 20-mm-diameter cylinders of native bone/cartilage cored from both femoral condyles at standardized locations, with each cylinder attached to a custom-built load cell that maintained the plug in its precise anatomic position. A robotic test system was used to flex the knee from 0° to 50° under 200-N tibiofemoral compression without and with a 2 Nm internal tibial torque, 5 Nm external tibial torque, and 45 N anterior tibial force (AF). CFs and knee kinematics were recorded before and after cutting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). RESULTS ACL sectioning did not significantly increase medial or lateral CFs for any loading condition, with the exception of AF, in which increases in medial CF ranged from 38 N (at 15° flexion, P < .01) to 77 N (at 50° flexion, P < .002). Compared with the intact condition, ACL sectioning significantly increased anterior tibial translation by 12.33 mm (at 15° flexion, P < .001) and 17.4 mm (at 50° flexion, P < .001), and increased valgus rotation by 2.4° (at 15° flexion, P < .001) and 3.8° (at 50° flexion, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis that CF would increase after ACL section was confirmed for the AF test condition only, and only for the medial condyle beyond 10° flexion. With the ACL sectioned, it appeared that the increased CF was owing to the medial condyle riding up over the posterior tibial plateau resulting from the large anterior tibial displacements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aside from our limited finding with AF, we concluded that CFs were generally unaffected by ACL section.
Comparing comorbidity measures and fatigue post myocardial infarction.

Abstract Purpose/Aims The purpose of this study was to examine comorbidity measures that may relate to the symptom of fatigue post MI: self-reported comorbidities, medication-validated comorbidities, weighted comorbidities for fatigue, and number of comorbidities. Design Using a cross sectional design, we interviewed a convenience sample of 98 adults, 65 and older, who were 6 to 8 months post myocardial infarction. Methods Participants self-reported their comorbidities using a list of 23 comorbid conditions. All medications were visually inspected, and medications were reviewed by a geriatric pharmacist for a common side effect of fatigue. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue. Results The mean age of the participants was 76 (SD = 6.3), and most of the sample were White (84%). Neither medication-validated comorbidities nor those medications with fatigue as a common side effect explained fatigue. When controlling for age, sex, and marital status, self-reported comorbidities explained 10% of the variance in fatigue (F (4, 93) = 2.65; p = 0.04). Having 5 or more self-reported comorbidities explained 7% of variance in fatigue scores (F (1, 96) = 7.53; p = 0.007). Conclusion Comorbidities are associated with fatigue post MI. Adults post MI with 5 or more comorbidities should be screened for fatigue.
Impact of Soft Errors on Large-Scale FPGA Cloud Computing

FPGAs are being used in large numbers within cloud computing to provide high-performance, low-power alternatives to more traditional computing structures. While FPGAs provide a number of important benefits to cloud computing environments, they are susceptible to radiation-induced soft errors, which can lead to silent data corruption or system instability. Although soft errors within a single FPGA occur infrequently, soft errors in large-scale FPGAs systems can occur at a relatively high rate. This paper investigates the failure rate of several FPGA applications running within an FPGA cloud computing node by performing fault injection experiments to determine the susceptibility of these applications to soft-errors. The results from these experiments suggest that silent data corruption will occur every few hours within a 100,000 node FPGA system and that such a system can only maintain high-levels of reliability for short periods of operation. These results suggest that soft-error detection and mitigation techniques may be needed in large-scale FPGA systems.
Time for Coalitions to Protect Immigrant Health.

The article focuses on the need for a coalition to protect immigrant and asylum-seeker health. It comments on the deaths of Guatemalan child asylum-seekers Jackeline Caal and Felipe Gomez Alonzo who died in December of 2018 in U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) custody. It comments on barriers immigrants in the U.S. face in health care accessibility. It comments that DHS has failed to activate the Emergency Support Sheltering Function 6 under the U.S. National Response Framework.
Gendering deportation, policy violence, and Latino/a family precarity

This paper develops a gender lens to analyze the effects of US deportation policy on immigrant families from Latin America. Whereas most research on deportation focuses on the deportees, we concentrate on their families who remain in the United States. We draw on our qualitative study of 125 families in Los Angeles, California, who have been separated from a close relative because of deportation. Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo (Latino Stud 11(3):271–292, 2013) describe deportation as a “gendered racial removal system” because men from Mexico and Central America make up the vast majority of migrants who have been detained and deported by the US government since the mid-1990s. We argue that this gendered racial system disproportionately burdens Latina immigrants in the United States, and also that forced separation leads to changing gender practices and relations within these families.
The Role of Horizontal Divergence in Submesoscale Frontogenesis

AbstractOceanic surface submesoscale currents are characterized by anisotropic fronts and filaments with widths from 100 m to a few kilometers; an O(1) Rossby number; and large magnitudes of latera...
There Will Be (So Much) Blood

In her recent book on menstrual health in the Global South, Chris Bobel (2018) asked that menstrual scholars, researchers, activists, and advocates move away from seeing menstrual products as the b...
Spatially dependent embedded self-shielding method for nonuniform temperature distribution

Abstract The embedded self-shielding method (ESSM) is simple and robust, and applicable to any geometrical configuration to account for resonance self-shielding by performing fixed source transport calculations. ESSM is very similar to the subgroup method, which has been successful in the MPACT neutronics code developed by CASL. The subgroup method introduces errors in a least-squares fitting process that is used to generate subgroup quadrature sets and cannot be applied to thermal energy groups, as ESSM introduces error for spatially dependent self-shielded cross sections inside the fuel. This study focused on integrating the conventional ESSM with an improved Stoker-Weiss method to obtain spatially dependent resonance self-shielded cross sections for a nonuniform fuel temperature distribution. The proposed method would serve as a substitute for the subgroup method in high fidelity simulations using CASL’s VERA. Benchmark results show that this new, spatially dependent ESSM (SDESSM) is an appropriate candidate to replace the subgroup method.
American West and Unauthorized Water Use: An Examination of the Status Quo Protection of Water Rights

This chapter outlines the status quo dimensions of water and state response to unauthorized water use. It covers the history of water law and use in the region, and the status quo response of western states to unauthorized water use, and the legal and administrative approaches to dealing with the issue.