cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NMR structure of the cathelicidin-derived human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in dodecylphosphocholine micelles

LL-37 is the only cathelicidin-derived polypeptide found in humans. Its eclectic function makes this peptide one of the most intriguing chemical defense agents, with crucial roles in moderating inflammation, promoting wound healing, and boosting the human immune system. LL-37 kills both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells through physical interaction with cell membranes. In order to study its active conformation in membranes, we have reconstituted LL-37 into dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles and determined its three-dimensional structure. We found that, under our experimental conditions, this peptide adopts a helix-break-helix conformation. Both the N- and C-termini are unstructured and solvent exposed. The N-terminal helical domain is more dynamic, while the C-terminal helix is more solvent protected and structured (high density of NOEs, slow H/D exchange). When it interacts with DPC, LL-37 is adsorbed on the surface of the micelle with the hydrophilic face exposed to the water phase and the hydrophobic face buried in the micelle hydrocarbon region. The break between the helices is positioned at K12 and is probably stabilized by a hydrophobic cluster formed by I13, F17, and I20 in addition to a salt bridge between K12 and E16. These results support the proposed nonpore carpet-like mechanism of action, in agreement with the solid-state NMR studies, and pave the way for understanding the function of the mature LL-37 at the atomic level.
Comparative analysis of traditional telephone and voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) systems

This paper investigates the issues that need to be considered when deciding whether to implement voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP). The first part of the paper focuses on the management issues that concern VoIP deployment, such as performance, quality of service, reliability and availability, scalability, obsolescence and service life, security and regulatory issues, electricity and backup power, network traffic and bandwidth. The second part of the paper covers three case studies on VoIP deployment. The first case is a report on a 90-user VoIP trial by Carnegie Mellon University, followed by a prospective study on the electricity consumption and costs should VoIP be deployed to the entire campus of 6,000 users. The second case concerns the United States Department of Education, which has successfully deployed VoIP for 1,300 users. The final case details the Colorado State University VoIP trial, which has about 50 users.
Raman scattering and fluorescence in calcium fluoride

Abstract Raman scattering from a high purity calcium fluoride crystal excited by a 6328 A He-Ne laser has been observed. Contrary to results reported by Russell, no Raman structure was observed except for the first order line at 322 cm -1 . The strong spectrum, reported by Russell as second order Raman scattering, is found to closely resemble the fluorescence spectrum of erbium in calcium fluoride.
Vitamin D: getting to know you... again.

The story of the secosteroid compound calciferol is an interesting if not familiar one about a prohormone involved in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. The postwar observations by Harriette Chick and her colleagues of the age-old problem of rickets in infants and osteomalacia/myopathy in adults led to conclusive clinical trials on the value of cod liver oil. 1 This built on earlier studies by Edward Mellanby on the management of rickets in puppies. At Johns Hopkins, the early nutritional biochemist Elmer V. McCollum was able to distinguish between 2 substances in cod liver oil—one of which was active against rickets. 2 In further experiments, he also discovered the endogenous synthesis of this compound he called vitamin D. His term continues to be taught and used in nutrition today, with much of the clinical focus remaining on bone health. 3 Despite describing vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) as a nutrient, reminders exist that the 1,25-dihydroxylated form functions as a hormone responsive to parathyroid hormone and other modulators. 4 As complex as the vitamin D endocrine system—involving 1,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin—is in mineral and bone homeostasis, the story surrounding vitamin D has become much broader in scope. A current review of this nutrient has become essential. The review by Pittas et al 5 in this issue of the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JPEN) is therefore quite timely. This up-to-date review of vitamin D in the context of patients requiring nutrition therapy (enteral or parenteral) is as thorough as it is relevant to readers of this journal. Concurrent with the many recent discoveries about the roles for vitamin D described in this review 5 are the ongoing descriptions of a growing prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. 6 The risk for vitamin D
Phase Synchronization for Coherent MIMO Radar: Algorithms and Their Analysis

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar can achieve improved localization performance by employing a coherent processing approach with proper antenna positioning. Coherent processing, however, entails the challenge of ensuring phase coherence of the carrier signals from different distributed radar elements. In this work, we aim to address such a challenge by providing a systematic treatment of the phase synchronization problem in coherent MIMO radar systems. We propose and study three different approaches for reaching a common notion of phase in coherent MIMO radar, namely, the master-slave closed-loop algorithm, the round-trip algorithm and the broadcast consensus based algorithm. These algorithms range from centralized to distributed types, and include both noniterative and iterative approaches. They do not require a priori establishment of the time synchronization, and thus are all time asynchronous in nature. Under a similar analytical framework, we mathematically characterize each of these algorithms, and further derive and study the statistical properties of a few relevant figures of merit including the resulting phase synchronization error. Simulation results are presented to validate our theoretical analysis.
Synthesis of Sol-Gel Matrices for Encapsulation of Enzymes Using an Aqueous Route

Sol-gel matrices are promising host materials for potential chemical and biosensor applications. Previous studies have focused on modified sol-gel routes using alkoxides for encapsulation of enzymes. However the formation of alcohol as a byproduct during hydrolysis and condensation reactions poses limitations. We report the immobilization of glucose oxidase and peroxidase in silica prepared by an aqueous route which may provide a more favorable environment for the biomolecules. A two step aqueous sol-gel procedure using sodium silicate as the precursor was developed to encapsulate the enzymes and the dye precursor, o-dianisidine. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to give gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Peroxidase then catalyzes the reaction of the dye precursor with hydrogen peroxide to produce a colored product. The kinetics of the coupled enzymatic reactions were monitored by optical spectroscopy and compared to those occurring in tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) derived silica matrices developed by Yamanaka. Enhanced kinetics in the aqueous silicate matrices were related to differences in the host microstructure as elucidated by microstructural comparisons of the corresponding aerogels.
Detecting Malicious Peers in Overlay Multicast Streaming

Overlay multicast streaming is built out of loosely coupled end-hosts (peers) that contribute resources to stream media to other peers. Peers, however, can be malicious. They may intentionally wish to disrupt the multicast service or cause confusions to other peers. We propose two new schemes to detect malicious peers in overlay multicast streaming. These schemes compute a level of trust for each peer in the network. Peers with a trust value below a threshold are considered to be malicious. Results from our simulations indicate that the proposed schemes can detect malicious peers with medium to high accuracy, depending on cheating patterns and malicious peer percentages.
Holograms as complex media

Complex media can be grown, found in nature, or manufactured.. Holography is one way of fabricating such media. Here I review some examples of holographically manufactured complex media and speculate about some that could be made.
D 2 MA: Accelerating coarse-grained data transfer for GPUs

To achieve high performance on many-core architectures like GPUs, it is crucial to efficiently utilize the available memory bandwidth. Currently, it is common to use fast, on-chip scratchpad memories, like the shared memory available on GPUs' shader cores, to buffer data for computation. This buffering, however, has some sources of inefficiency that hinder it from most efficiently utilizing the available memory resources. These issues stem from shader resources being used for repeated, regular address calculations, a need to shuffle data multiple times between a physically unified on-chip memory, and forcing all threads to synchronize to ensure RAW consistency based on the speed of the slowest threads. To address these inefficiencies, we propose Data-Parallel DMA, or D2MA. D2MA is a reimagination of traditional DMA that addresses the challenges of extending DMA to thousands of concurrently executing threads. D2MA de-couples address generation from the shader's computational resources, provides a more direct and efficient path for data in global memory to travel into the shared memory, and introduces a novel dynamic synchronization scheme that is transparent to the programmer. These advancements allow D2MA to achieve speedups as high as 2.29x, and reduces the average time to buffer data by 81% on average.
Sequences and Cycles in Social Interaction

Studies of group interaction identify several behavioral regularities. Actors reciprocate others'behavior, influence one another, and allocate rewards to reflect emergent hierarchies. Patterns vary based on internal group dynamics and on attributes such as gender, race, or task skill. An issue that has received little attention-the dynamic embedded in these emergent interaction patterns-is the focus of this article. The analysis employs fundamental interaction sequences which include patterns of questioning, answering, and rewarding. Understanding sequences increases understanding of emergent interaction patterns reflected in cycles of interchange patterns. Data from 70 task groups were coded to reveal sequences of interaction. Questions asked correlated with answers given and rewards received. Reciprocity between actors in initiating and receiving answers, as well as initiating and receiving positive and negative rewards, is also common. Thesefindings help link studies of interaction processes and of soc...
Is the perception of 3D shape from shading based on assumed reflectance and illumination

The research described in the present article was designed to compare three types of image shading: one generated with a Lambertian BRDF and homogeneous illumination such that image intensity was determined entirely by local surface orientation irrespective of position; one that was textured with a linear intensity gradient, such that image intensity was determined entirely by local surface position irrespective of orientation; and another that was generated with a Lambertian BRDF and inhomogeneous illumination such that image intensity was influenced by both position and orientation. A gauge figure adjustment task was used to measure observers' perceptions of local surface orientation on the depicted surfaces, and the probe points included 60 pairs of regions that both had the same orientation. The results show clearly that observers' perceptions of these three types of stimuli were remarkably similar, and that probe regions with similar apparent orientations could have large differences in image intensity. This latter finding is incompatible with any process for computing shape from shading that assumes any plausible reflectance function combined with any possible homogeneous illumination.
Ancestral informative marker selection and population structure visualization using sparse Laplacian eigenfunctions.

Identification of a small panel of population structure informative markers can reduce genotyping cost and is useful in various applications, such as ancestry inference in association mapping, forensics and evolutionary theory in population genetics. Traditional methods to ascertain ancestral informative markers usually require the prior knowledge of individual ancestry and have difficulty for admixed populations. Recently Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been employed with success to select SNPs which are highly correlated with top significant principal components (PCs) without use of individual ancestral information. The approach is also applicable to admixed populations. Here we propose a novel approach based on our recent result on summarizing population structure by graph Laplacian eigenfunctions, which differs from PCA in that it is geometric and robust to outliers. Our approach also takes advantage of the priori sparseness of informative markers in the genome. Through simulation of a ring population and the real global population sample HGDP of 650K SNPs genotyped in 940 unrelated individuals, we validate the proposed algorithm at selecting most informative markers, a small fraction of which can recover the similar underlying population structure efficiently. Employing a standard Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict individuals' continental memberships on HGDP dataset of seven continents, we demonstrate that the selected SNPs by our method are more informative but less redundant than those selected by PCA. Our algorithm is a promising tool in genome-wide association studies and population genetics, facilitating the selection of structure informative markers, efficient detection of population substructure and ancestral inference.
Topology management in ad hoc networks

The efficiency of a communication network depends not only on its control protocols, but also on its topology. We propose a distributed topology management algorithm that constructs and maintains a backbone topology based on a minimal dominating set (MDS) of the network. According to this algorithm, each node determines the membership in the MDS for itself and its one-hop neighbors based on two-hop neighbor information that is disseminated among neighboring nodes. The algorithm then ensures that the members of the MDS are connected into a connected dominating set (CDS), which can be used to form the backbone infrastructure of the communication network for such purposes as routing. The correctness of the algorithm is proven, and the efficiency is compared with other topology management heuristics using simulations. Our algorithm shows better behavior and higher stability in ad hoc networks than prior algorithms.
Cultural Practices for Prevention and Mitigation of Mountain Pine Beetle Infestations

In recent years, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, has impacted 8.9 million hectares of forests in the western United States. During endemic populations, trees weakened by other agents are often colonized by D. ponderosae but may be difficult to detect due to their scarcity. Once populations reach incipient levels, tree defenses are often insufficient in deterring mass attacks, and populations rapidly increase causing substantial levels of tree mortality under certain circumstances. There are two general approaches for reducing the negative impacts of D. ponderosae on forests. Direct control involves short-term tactics designed to address current infestations by manipulating beetle populations and includes the use of fire, insecticides, semiochemicals, sanitation harvests, or combinations of these treatments. Indirect control is preventive and designed to reduce the probability and severity of future infestations by manipulating stand, forest and/or landscape conditions by reducing the number of susceptible host trees through thinning, prescribed burning, and/or alterations of age classes and species composition. We review tree, stand, and landscape factors associated with D. ponderosae infestations and analyze the effectiveness of treatments for preventing and mitigating undesirable levels of tree mortality. We describe the current state of our knowledge and identify gaps for making informed management decisions.
The System of Divine Manifestation in The Ibn ‘Arabian School of Thought

One of the fundamental problems of Theoretical Mysticism is the explanation of the world as being something other than God after having accepted the Unity of Existence. This paper seeks to present, after having explained certain necessary premises, the theory of manifestation as one that can explain and analyze multiplicity. In this article we especially seek to solidify the relation of such claims to mystics in general and to the adherents of the Ibn ‘Arabian school of thought in particular. This is especially important because in some of the works of many specialists in this ﬁeld we ﬁnd that some unrealistic claims have been deﬁnitively attributed in to the Great Sheikh. The only way to counteract such false claims, in any ﬁeld, including Theoretical Mysticism, is to make it binding upon ourselves to delve into the views of others in a cautious way. We must take the apparent meanings of the sayings of the mystics as a proof in this matter. Therefore the method of research of the writer of this article is to relate the sayings of the Great Sheikh and his commentators while commentating upon and analyzing them as well.
Impact of Nodal Level Distribution on Survival in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study.

ObjectiveRegional lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, decreasing survival by up to 50%. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-...
The effect of motivational arousal on information processing in the convergent word identification task

Motivational arousal led to improved performance on simple problems without affecting performance on complex problems. It also resulted in increased utilization of clues. Its effects seem more specific than those of high input, and may be explicable in terms of arousal theory.
Fast Quantitative Determination of Fatty Acid in Milk

The high fatty acid in milk that had been methylated was analyzed by gas chromatograph methed.The results showedthat long chain fatty asid Consisting of mcre than 12 carbons was in very good linear range,whereas the Correlation coefficientswas 0.9991.The recovery rate was 89.0%～109%. The method is simple and fast.
Parathyroid reoperation with use of technetium 99m sestamibi radiolocalization and an intraoperative gamma counter.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe a new intraoperative technique for localization of abnormal parathyroid tissue. Methods We report a case and discuss the difficulties encountered in reexploration of the neck area. Results Parathyroid reoperation remains a formidable challenge to even the most experienced endocrine surgeon. Despite the advances in radiographic imaging and localization techniques, accurate intraoperative identification of abnormal parathyroid tissue in a scarred field with obliterated anatomic planes is frequently tedious and occasionally unsuccessful. In a 48-year-old woman with hyperparathyroidism, extensive exploration of the area identified (on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and technetium 99m sestamibi scans) as suspicious for the presence of abnormal parathyroid tissue revealed only an aberrant vein. With use of a handheld gamma counter to provide intraoperative guidance during parathyroid reexploration after preoperative intravenous injection of technetium 99m sestamibi, quick identification of a small, intrathyroidal, fifth gland adenoma responsible for persistent primary hyperparathyroidism was facilitated. Conclusion Because of suboptimal precision and specificity, current preoperative localization studies can occasionally provide misleading information. Particularly in difficult cases of parathyroid reexploration, an instrument capable of localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue, which can be used intraoperatively with ease, can be an invaluable tool to ensure a safe, expedient, and successful surgical outcome. (Endocr Pract. 1996; 2:382-384)
An esthetic titanium abutment: report of a technique.

New esthetic two-piece titanium abutment cylinders have recently been introduced for the Branemark implant system. The conical design allows for the fabrication of fixed partial dentures with improved esthetics compared to the conventional abutment design. The improved feature provides for the ability to begin the restoration closer to the implant while still maintaining a titanium/soft-tissue interface. Two designs, one short and one long, are currently being produced. The components, techniques, and clinical advantages of the short two-piece esthetic abutment are reviewed.
Growth characteristics of marrow hematopoietic progenitor/precursor cells from patients on a phase I clinical trial with purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Bone marrow cells from patients with leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, cancer, and other disorders on a phase I clinical trial with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) were assessed in vitro for numbers of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells, and for growth patterns (colony-to-cluster ratio) of CFU-GM, cycling rates of CFU-GM, and responsiveness in vitro to colony-stimulating and colony-inhibiting factors. The colony-to-cluster ratio of CFU-GM and the dose-response curves of CFU-GM to stimulation by rhGM-CSF in vitro did not change during the clinical trial. However, the percentage of CFU-GM in DNA synthesis, which is a measure of the proliferative rates of these cells, determined by the high specific activity tritiated thymidine kill technique in vitro, was markedly enhanced in a reversible fashion after administration in vivo of rhGM-CSF. The increased cycling rates of CFU-GM were consistent with the induced increase in neutrophil counts in these patients that has been reported elsewhere. Additionally, marrow CFU-GM from patients given rhGM-CSF in vivo were increased in sensitivity to inhibition in vitro by recombinant human H-subunit (acidic) ferritin in two of eight cases, and were increased in sensitivity to inhibition by lower dosages of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha in all patients evaluated. The sensitivity of CFU-GM to inhibition in vitro by recombinant human interferon gamma and prostaglandin E1 did not change during the clinical trial. These studies demonstrate that the rhGM-CSF is having an effect on CFU-GM in the patients on the phase I clinical trial. This information may be of significance in planning future clinical studies combining rhGM-CSF with chemotherapy and/or other biotherapy.
Origins of Common Carrier Liability Rules and Practices

In order to explain the flaws of the traditional justifications for upholding telephone company limited liability provisions, it is helpful to first describe the historical origins of liability rules for common carriers. The origins of common carrier legal duties and rules of liability in the United States lie in the development of the common law of England. Common carrier liabilities are based on tort law, but under certain circumstances may be modified by contract. The American jurisprudence of common carrier liability evolved as technology enabled the development of new forms of common carriers. Therefore, this chapter is also chronologically based, starting with the medieval common law origins of common carrier liability and progressing through the application of the common law to railroads and telegraph companies. It concludes with a description of the origin of telephone company limited liability practices in license agreements and subscriber contracts, which predate even the existence of federal or state regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over telephone service. The historical background and analysis provided in this chapter are utilized in chapter 3 to identify the flaws and inadequacies of the traditional justifications for upholding telephone company limited liability provisions and their continuing influence on the development of liability rules for telecommunications carriers during the transition to a more competitive environment.
Video use in teacher education: a survey of teacher-educators’ practices across disciplines

Video methods utilize tenets of high quality teacher education and support education students’ learning and application of learning to teaching practices. However, how frequently video is used in teacher education, and in what ways is unknown. Therefore, this study used survey data to identify the extent to which 94 teacher-educators used video in their teacher education courses along with the specific uses of video. Further, multilevel multivariate analyses identified what factors impacted these uses. Findings included that many teacher-educators underused video in their teacher education courses, and typically used only one type of video in each course. Any type of video use was significantly related to teacher-educator, course, and discipline-area factors, and interactions amongst these. Specific types of video use were significantly related to institutional-demographic, teacher-educator, support, course, discipline-area factors, and interactions amongst these. Implications for increasing video use and breadth of types of video uses in teacher education are discussed.
Sequences of Fixed-Ratio Schedules: The Relative Effects of Reinforcer Magnitude and Ratio Size in the Second Fixed Ratio

Four pigeons were given a choice between two sequences of fixed-ratio schedules. The second fixed ratio was a fixed-ratio 5 followed by 2-s access to grain in one sequence and a fixed-ratio 45 followed by 8-s access to grain in the alternative. In Phase 1, the initial fixed-ratio schedules of each sequence, which were always equal, varied from fixed-ratio 1 to fixed-ratio 50. At each initial fixed-ratio value, 3-s access to grain and a 0.25-s hopper flash were programmed. When the initial fixed ratio was small, the sequence with the 2-s reinforcer was preferred. Preference switched to the sequence with the 8-s reinforcer when the initial fixed ratio increased. In Phase 2, the effects of a 3-s hopper flash were compared with those of a 0.25-s hopper flash. The results showed that preference for the sequence with the 8-s reinforcer increased with hopper-flash duration. Together, Phase 1 and Phase 2 results show that reinforcer magnitude and ratio size of the second fixed ratio can affect choice, but their relative effects depend on initial fixed-ratio size and reinforcer duration.
Benchmarking approach for empirical comparison of pricing models in DRMS

Demand response management systems often involve the use of pricing schemes to motivate the efficient use of electrical power. Achieving this efficiency requires the detection of electrical power patterns. The detection of these patterns normally involves use of non-linear, quasi-non-linear, and at times linear data pattern detection models. The behavioural disparities of these models and specifically when used for a specific set of data make it hard to select the most efficient model. The contribution of this study is devising an empirical benchmark (reference) (perfect) control pricing (PCP) model through which various models are compared in order to select the most efficient model. In this study, the authors elect neural networks, sliding window–multiple linear regression, and a proportional controller models to be representative of non-linear, quasi-non-linear, and linear models, respectively, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of PCP. The dataset used for demonstrating both the operation of PCP and the elected models for comparisons is collected from Green Button project and Pacific Gas and Electric.
Does imaging-guided selection of patients with ischemic heart failure for high risk revascularization improve identification of those with the highest clinical benefit?: Myocardial imaging should not exclude patients with ischemic heart failure from coronary revascularization.

Ischemic heart failure (HF) is an emerging health crisis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects 16.8 million Americans.1 Decades of advances in the management of risk factors of acute coronary syndromes and chronic coronary atherosclerosis have increased survival and extended the treatment time horizon for affected patients, thus transforming CAD into a chronic condition. In an aging population, these advances have led to the paradox of an increasing population with attributable risk for CAD and ≈445 000 CAD-related deaths yearly.1 HF is the major manifestation of CAD and is growing in prevalence, with 5.7 million affected Americans in 2005 and 10 million projected by 2037.1 Enhanced survival from myocardial infarction accompanied by some degree of myocardial injury is now considered the basis for HF development in industrialized nations.2 Evaluation of temporal trends at the community level suggests that HF incidence in contrast to other cardiovascular diseases has not declined and increasingly affects older adults.3,4 The cost of HF care is already enormous and continues to grow, with hospital discharges for HF up 171% in 2006 from the previous decade, and directs cost estimates for HF in 2009 >$37 billion, with readmission rates for HF showing no signs of abatement.1,5 Therefore, ischemic HF likely represents the most dangerous intersection of common cardiac-related pathologies6,7 with substantial future societal impact in terms of patient suffering and healthcare consumption. Response by Mielniczuk and Beanlands on p 279 The angiographic presence and severity of intraluminal epicardial coronary artery lesions are associated with incremental mortality in patients with suspected CAD and HF.8,9 Among patients with CAD, left ventricular morphological, hemodynamic, and functional abnormalities are well-established and powerful independent predictors of clinical outcomes. Coupled with congestive symptoms, end-organ dysfunction, and functional impairment, …
The Effects of a Summary Writing Strategy on the Literacy Skills of Adolescents with Disabilities

Many adolescents, particularly adolescents with disabilities, have difficulty with literacy tasks such as reading and writing. Yet research has found that when students with disabilities receive ap...
Management of intracranial aneurysms: factors that influence clinical grade and surgical outcome.

Background: We report the experience in managing intracranial aneurysms at our medical center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 297 intracranial aneurysms managed during a 6-year period. Risk factors were analyzed with respect to their influence on outcome after surgery as measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale score. Results: Fifty-eight patients had multiple aneurysms. Of all aneurysms, 83% were in the anterior circulation, 37% were unruptured, and 59% were larger than 10 mm in size. Good outcome was achieved in 75% of patients, and another 16% had fair outcomes. The mortality rate was 4%, and significant morbidity occurred in 5% of patients. Significant indicators of poor outcome were worsened clinical grade, posterior aneurysm location, and large aneurysm size. Conclusion: Hypertensive patients, older patients, and patients with posterior circulation aneurysms had poorer neurologic status, which significantly influenced outcome. Larger aneurysms and vertebrobasilar aneurysms were associated with poor outcomes.
Abstract ES8-1: ES8-1 Managing the aftermath of estrogen deprivation in survivors

Endocrine therapy is the most important systemic treatment for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, resulting in substantial risk reduction and improvements in survival. Yet, the strategies to reduce or block estrogen including ovarian suppression or ablation, aromatase inhibition or tamoxifen can all lead to symptoms and long-term toxicities associated with estrogen deprivation. The effect of long-term estrogen deprivation on bone, heart and brain health may lead to substantial morbidity and should be considered when making treatment decisions and managed in follow-up. However, even less serious daily symptoms including hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia, weight gain, vaginal dryness and sexual dysfunction can lead to profound negative long term effects on a patient and her relationships. Thus even these more minor concerns should be considered and managed proactively for patient overall health and well-being. For serious co-morbidity risks, attention to optimizing risk factors and monitoring when appropriate (e.g., DEXA scan) is prudent. For symptom management, it is generally recommended that survivors forgo estrogen replacement therapy although sometimes a low dose, short course of replacement therapy is necessary. Otherwise, strategies include a multi-prong approach focusing not only on improving particular symptoms, but also on mitigating the downstream effects and emotional impact. Evidence-based strategies for management of vaginal dryness, hot flashes and other problems will be discussed Citation Format: Partridge AH. ES8-1 Managing the aftermath of estrogen deprivation in survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-1.
Modeling delay-period activity in the prefontal cortex during working memory tasks

It is well known that during delayed-response task experiments, cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake monkeys exhibit sustained activity during the delay period between the presentation of a transient stimulus and the arrival of a “go” signal [1, 2, 3, 4]. Presumably this persistent PFC network activity carries a short-term memory of the stimulus during the delay period (usually a few seconds). This information is then used by the animal to perform a behavioral response at the go signal.
Parent Physical and Mental Health Comorbidity and Adolescent Behavior.

The objectives of this study were to ascertain behavioral outcomes 10-11 years after 9/11 in adolescents ages 11-18 years (0-8 years old at the time of 9/11) enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry), and relate these outcomes to their 9/11-exposures and to parent health. Behavioral difficulties among adolescents were assessed using the adolescent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was assessed using a 9/11-specific PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, a cut-off score of 44 or greater was considered probable PTSD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations of 9/11-exposure and parental health with abnormal/borderline SDQ scores, adjusting for demographic variables that were significantly associated with the SDQ score in bivariate analyses. Of the 449 adolescents, 12.5% (n=56) had abnormal/borderline SDQ scores. In the multivariable model, adolescents with severe/ moderate 9/11-exposures were 2.4 times more likely to have abnormal/borderline SDQ scores compared to adolescents with mild 9/11-exposures (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1-6.4). Adolescents who had a parent with 9/11-related PTSD and at least one comorbid chronic condition were 4.2 times more likely to have abnormal/borderline SDQ scores compared to adolescents with a parent who had no reported chronic health conditions. Adolescents whose parent reported 14 or more poor mental health days in the preceding 30 days were 3.4 times more likely to have abnormal/borderline SDQ scores (95% CI: 1.2-9.5) The finding that parents’ health appears to influence adolescent behavior problems 10-11 years following a disaster may have implications for healthcare practitioners and disaster response planners.
Smart Grid on Chip: Work Load-Balanced On-Chip Power Delivery

In this paper, a dynamic on-chip power delivery system for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is proposed, analogous to the smart grid deployed for large-scale energy distribution. The system includes underprovisioned on-chip voltage regulators (VRs) interconnected through a switch network. The peak current rating of the VRs is selected to meet only the average current demand of the cores. A real-time load-balancing algorithm is developed to reconfigure the power delivery network (PDN) by combining the output of multiple VRs when the workload demand exceeds the peak current rating of a single regulator. An operating system level task scheduling heuristic distributes the workloads on the cores such that the required reconfiguration of the PDN is minimized. Simulation results for the proposed power delivery system indicate up to a 44% reduction in the energy consumption of the CMP. In addition, the on-chip footprint of the PDN, including the on-chip VRs and the switching network, is reduced by at least 23%. The proposed cross-layer power management technique is an optimum solution for power-constrained many-core architectures implemented in advanced technology nodes.
Shakespeare's Reading Audiences: Early Modern Books and Audience Interpretation

This study grows out of the intersection of two realms of scholarly investigation - the emerging public sphere in early modern England and the history of the book. Shakespeare's Reading Audiences examines the ways in which different communities - humanist, legal, religious and political - would have interpreted Shakespeare's plays and poems, whether printed or performed. Cyndia Susan Clegg begins by analysing elite reading clusters associated with the Court, the universities, and the Inns of Court and how their interpretation of Shakespeare's Sonnets and Henry V arose from their reading of Italian humanists. She concludes by examining how widely held public knowledge about English history both affected Richard II's reception and how such knowledge was appropriated by the State. She also considers The Merry Wives of Windsor, Henry V, and Othello from the point of view of audience members conversant in popular English legal writing and Macbeth from the perspective of popular English Calvinism.
Targeting a single alternative polyadenylation site coordinately blocks expression of androgen receptor mRNA splice variants in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths due to disease progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants including AR-V7 function as constitutively active transcription factors in CRPC cells, thereby promoting resistance to AR-targeted therapies. To date, there are no AR variant-specific treatments for CRPC. Here we report that the splicing of AR variants AR-V7 as well as AR-V1 and AR-V9 is regulated coordinately by a single polyadenylation signal in AR intron 3. Blocking this signal with morpholino technology or silencing of the polyadenylation factor CPSF1 caused a splice switch that inhibited expression of AR variants and blocked androgen-independent growth of CRPC cells. Our findings support the development of new therapies targeting the polyadenylation signal in AR intron 3 as a strategy to prevent expression of a broad array of AR variants in CRPC. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5228-35. ©2017 AACR.
Once is too much: Early development of the opponent process in taste reactivity behavior is associated with later escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats

Evidence suggests that the addiction process may begin immediately in some vulnerable subjects. Specifically, some rats have been shown to exhibit aversive taste reactivity (gapes) following the intraoral delivery of a cocaine-predictive taste cue after as few as 1-2 taste-drug pairings. After only 3-4 trials, the number of gapes becomes a reliable predictor of later cocaine self-administration. Given that escalation of drug-taking behavior over time is recognized as a key feature of substance use disorder (SUD) and addiction, the present study examined the relationship between early aversion to the cocaine-predictive flavor cue and later escalation of cocaine self-administration in an extended-access paradigm. The data show that rats who exhibit the greatest conditioned aversion early in training to the intraorally delivered cocaine-paired cue exhibit the greatest escalation of cocaine self-administration over 15 extended-access trials. This finding suggests that early onset of the conditioned opponent process (i.e., the near immediate shift from ingestion to rejection of the drug-paired cue) is a reliable predictor of future vulnerability and resilience to cocaine addiction-like behavior. Future studies must determine the underlying neural mechanisms associated with this early transition and, hence, with early vulnerability to the later development of SUD and addiction. In so doing, we shall be in position to discover novel diagnostics and novel avenues of prevention and treatment.
Measurement of europium (III)/europium (II) couple in fluoride molten salt for redox control in a molten salt reactor concept

Abstract The fluoride molten salt such as FLiNaK and FLiBe is one of the coolant candidates for the next generation nuclear reactor concepts, for example, the fluoride salt cooled high temperature reactor (FHR). For mitigating corrosion of structural materials in molten fluoride salt, the redox condition of the salts needs to be monitored and controlled. This study investigates the feasibility of applying the Eu3+/Eu2+ couple for redox control. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the Eu3+/Eu2+ couple were able to obtain the concentrations ratio of Eu3+/Eu2+ in the melt. Additionally, the formal standard potential of Eu3+/Eu2+ was characterized over the FHR's operating temperatures allowing for the application of the Nernst equation to establish a Eu3+/Eu2+ concentration ratio below 0.05 to prevent corrosion of candidate structural materials. A platinum quasi-reference electrode with potential calibrated by potassium reduction potential is shown as reliable for the redox potential measurement. These results show that the Eu3+/Eu2+ couple is a feasible redox buffering agent to control the redox condition in molten fluoride salts.
CXCL10 within the tumor microenvironment induces gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells (TUM10P.1037)

The systemic treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) is hindered by the rapid development of chemoresistance to current cytotoxic therapies. Mechanisms governing the development of chemoresistance remain poorly characterized, particularly with respect to contributions from the tumor microenvironment. Here, intratumoral soluble mediator concentrations from resected PC specimens (n=26) as well as supernatants from co-cultures of PC cell lines and primary tumor-associated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) (n=16) were evaluated using a panel of 43 growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. CXCL10 levels were significantly increased in PC specimens as well as upon co-culture of PC cells with tumor-associated PSCs. In addition, high intratumoral CXCL10 concentrations correlated with reduced overall survival (HR 6.9; P = .006). Thus, the effect of CXCL10 on viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of PC cell lines was evaluated with and without gemcitabine treatment. While CXCL10 treatment had a small effect on the viability of PC cell lines, it significantly increased viability of these cells in the presence of gemcitabine. In addition, gemcitabine treatment induced the expression of the CXCL10 receptor, CXCR3. Thus, paracrine CXCL10 signaling between stromal, PC and immune cells within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment the may be responsible for chemoresistance to gemcitabine.
Low-Income Students Speak Out on Elite Campuses

This chapter delineates recent efforts of low-income students on elite campuses to create a sense of belonging for themselves. By identifying others like themselves through student groups and social media, low-income students have been able to create their own support systems.
Improving the Ar i and ii branching ratio calibration method: Monte Carlo simulations of effects from photon scattering/reflecting in hollow cathodes

Abstract The Ar i and ii branching ratio calibration method is discussed with the goal of improving the technique. This method of establishing a relative radiometric calibration is important in ongoing research to improve atomic transition probabilities for quantitative spectroscopy in astrophysics and other fields. Specific suggestions are presented along with Monte Carlo simulations of wavelength dependent effects from scattering/reflecting of photons in a hollow cathode.
Reexamination of earnings management before and after SOX: Evidence from SEC staff accounting bulletins 99-100

Abstract A substantial literature suggests that earnings management improved for U.S. firms in the post-2002 time period as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (henceforth, SOX) (Coates and Srinivasan, 2014) which was passed in the latter part of 2002. However, few papers have explored the impact of the Security and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletins (SABs) 99-100 in the year 2000 following their passage in late 1999. As a result, some of the reductions in earnings management that prior research attributes to SOX may have been due to these two SABs. We find that in 2000 there was a significant decline in the zero earnings discontinuity in quarterly earnings considered by prior research to be evidence of earnings management to avoid small losses. Surprisingly, we find only mixed evidence that SOX provided an incremental impact to that of the SABs, which occurs mainly in the quarterly distribution of EPS rather than in scaled quarterly earnings. We also find evidence that the passage of the SABs significantly reduced the practice where firms take write-offs in the fourth quarter that turn a profit for the year into a loss. Overall, our findings suggest that the decline in quarterly earnings management started well before SOX due to the SEC’s initiatives.
Simulation of the Post-Shot Radiation Environment in the National Ignition Facility

AbstractThe National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is the world’s largest and most energetic laser system for inertial confinement fusion. The NIF is designed to perform shots with varying fusion yield (up to 20 MJ or 7.1 × 1018 neutrons per shot). A large number of diagnostic instruments are present inside the target chamber (TC) and target bay (TB) during shots. The gamma dose rates due to neutron activation are estimated at various decay times following the high-yield (20-MJ) shots. Several components, like the snout assemblies of the diagnostic instrument manipulators and target positioners are inserted inside the TC, close to the target during the shot. These components represent major sources of gamma decay after retraction outside the TC. Five days after a 20-MJ shot, dose rates near the highly activated (retracted) parts are on the order of 1 mSv/h and dose rates within the TB outside the TC but at distance from the retracted components drop to about 50 to 70 μSv/h. T...