cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain-mediated deterministic control of 360° domain wall motion in magnetoelastic nanorings

This study provides numerical simulations for deterministic 360° magnetization rotation of the transverse domain walls in a nickel nano-ring (outer diameter: 500 nm, inner diameter: 300 nm, and thickness: 10 nm) on a lead zirconate titanate (Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 0 < x < 1) (PZT) thin film (500 nm) deposited onto a Si substrate with surface patterned electrodes. Two alternative electrode architectures are studied, namely, a 4-electrode and a 6-electrode configuration. The 4-electrode configuration relies on magnetization dynamics to produce an overshoot coupled with proper timing control of the voltage applied to achieve 360° magnetization rotation. In contrast, the 6-electrode configuration only requires sequential voltage application to successive pairs of electrodes and thus can be operated at quasi-static speeds and does not rely on magnetization dynamics to achieve 360° magnetization rotation. These analytical models provide support for developing new devices such as nanoscale multiferroic driven electromag...
Place prioritization for biodiversity reserve network design: a comparison of the SITES and ResNet software packages for coverage and efficiency

The place prioritization problem in conservation biology is that of establishing a sequentially prioritized list of places on the basis of biodiversity content. Such a list can then be used to select reserve networks that are designed to be fully representative of the biodiversity of an area as efficiently as possible (for instance, with minimum area or cost). The usual goal is the representation of all chosen biodiversity surrogates up to or beyond a required target, or to the greatest available extent. The purpose of this paper is to compare the respective performances of two place prioritization software packages, SITES and ResNet, on four datasets (distributions of termite genera in Namibia, breeding bird species in the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, vertebrate species in Texas and flora and fauna species that are at risk in Quebec), to determine their respect- ive merits. The two software packages imple- ment radically different algorithms: SITES is based on a simulated annealing procedure for finding (local) optima; ResNet uses an algorithm based on rarity and complementarity. This ana- lysis indicates that the rarity-complementarity based algorithm of ResNet surpasses the simu- lated annealing approach of SITES with respect to time and completeness. SITES, however, contains other features that are useful in conser- vation planning. Ways in which the two packages can be used together effectively are suggested.
Implementation of module combining multiplication, division, and square root

The implementation of a module that performs radix-2 multiplication, division, and square root is presented. The module is compact because most of the components are shared by all three operations, the complexity being similar to that of a radix-2 divider. All three operations have the same execution time; one bit of the result is produced per cycle, beginning with the most significant bit. The cycle time is kept small by the use of carry-save addition and result-digit selection based on a low-precision estimate of the partial remainder. The module incorporates on-the-fly conversion and routing of the result. >
Multilineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cell lines.

Stem cells are unique cell populations with the ability to undergo both self-renewal and differentiation. A wide variety of adult mammalian tissues harbors stem cells, yet "adult" stem cells may be capable of developing into only a limited number of cell types. In contrast, embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from blastocyst-stage early mammalian embryos, have the ability to form any fully differentiated cell of the body. Human ES cells have a normal karyotype, maintain high telomerase activity, and exhibit remarkable long-term proliferative potential, providing the possibility for unlimited expansion in culture. Furthermore, they can differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers when transferred to an in vivo environment. Data are now emerging that demonstrate human ES cells can initiate lineage-specific differentiation programs of many tissue and cell types in vitro. Based on this property, it is likely that human ES cells will provide a useful differentiation culture system to study the mechanisms underlying many facets of human development. Because they have the dual ability to proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into multiple tissue types, human ES cells could potentially provide an unlimited supply of tissue for human transplantation. Though human ES cell-based transplantation therapy holds great promise to successfully treat a variety of diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart failure) many barriers remain in the way of successful clinical trials.
Stimulated Raman scattering from a fully focused relativistic electron beam in a waveguide

Stimulated Raman scattering from a fully focused relativistically drifting electron plasma in a parallel-plate waveguide is studied. A set of internally consistent transport relations governing the three-wave interactions is developed. These transport relations lead to the proper conservation of energy and momentum. Including small wall and bulk plasma losses, parametric and nonlinear characteristics are investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found that in an unbounded medium the saturation period of the signal wave is considerably smaller than in a bounded medium. The signal energy comes from the plasma stream through the idler wave with small depletion of the pump wave amplitude.
Social Cognitive Neuroscience

1 History 2 Methods and Analysis 3 Functional Neuroanatomy 4 How Social Cognitive Neuroscience Contributes to Social Psychology 5 Conclusions and the Next Decade
White Matter Abnormalities in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Preliminary Associations with the Nogo-66 Receptor Gene and Symptoms of Psychosis

article i nfo Background:This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze white matter tractography in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), fornix, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and controls. Aberrations in these tracts have been previously associated with schizophrenia. With up to 25% of individuals with 22q11.2DS developing schizophrenia in adulthood, we hypothesized reduc- tion in structural integrity of these tracts, including an association with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. We further predicted an association between allelic variation in a functional polymorphism of the Nogo-66 receptor gene and 22q11.2DS white matter integrity. Methods: Tractography was conducted using fiber assignment by streamline tracking algorithm in DTI Studio. Subjects were genotyped for the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene, and assessed for presence of prodromal symptoms. Results: We found significant group differences between 22q11.2DS and controls in DTI metrics for all three tracts. DTI metrics of ALIC and UF were associated with prodromal symptoms in 22q11.2DS. Further, ALIC DTI metrics were associated with allelic variation of the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene in
Effect of a Warfarin Adherence Aid on Anticoagulation Control in an Inner-City Anticoagulation Clinic Population

Background:Poor adherence to warfarin therapy is a major contributor to subtherapeutic anticoagulation.Objective:To determine whether use of a monthly medication organizer, filled at each clinic visit, improves anticoagulation control among warfarin-treated patients.Methods:Patients who had a history of nonadherence to warfarin and were attending an inner-city anticoagulation clinic were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and provided with a 28-day medication organizer. Patients were instructed to bring their organizers and warfarin tablets to each anticoagulation clinic visit over the following 3 months. At each visit, the international normalized ratio (INR) was measured, warfarin adherence was assessed, and the organizer was filled with the prescribed warfarin regimen until the next scheduled visit. Data on warfarin adherence and INR values during the 3 months prior to enrollment were collected from medical records and compared with postenrollment data.Results:Thirteen patients were enrolled and...
Achieving fruit, juice, and vegetable recipe preparation goals influences consumption by 4th grade students

Background Including children in food preparation activities has long been recommended as a method to encourage children's consumption, but has not been evaluated. Goal setting is also a common component of behavior change programs. This study assessed the impact of attaining goals to prepare fruit-juice or vegetable recipes on student fruit and vegetable consumption as part of a 10-week fruit and vegetable intervention for fourth grade students.
Functional Analysis of Communicative Behaviors

Functional analysis is a methodology that has been used to assess the functions of aberrant or disruptive behaviors. The current article discusses how functional analysis may be useful for determining the functions of all communicative behaviors, whether they are aberrant or not. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the implementation of the three components of functional analysis: interviews, direct observation, and analog probes. Information from each of these three assessment sources contributes to the development of intervention plans addressing the unique communication needs of individuals with severe disabilities.
Weighted striping in multimedia servers

To cope with the increasing demand of customers, more magnetic disks may need to be added to a multimedia server to support a higher number of concurrent accesses. Due to the rapid improvement in the performance of magnetic disks, the newly added disks usually have higher sustained I/O bandwidth and bigger storage capacity. The traditional uniform striping in an environment with heterogeneous disks in the same striping group cannot fully utilize the I/O bandwidth and storage capacity of the newly added, higher performance disks. In this paper, we propose weighted striping techniques to fully utilize the I/O bandwidth and storage capacity of higher performance disks in a multimedia server. Our results show that weighted striping techniques greatly improve the performance of multimedia servers.
Leadership Models in Armenia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

This paper addresses historical and contemporary issues of leadership in Armenia. Five leadership models have been acknowledged in Armenia during its four thousand year history: Monarchic, Church, National, Communist, and Democratic Leadership. Each model has been presented within its historical context and analyzed in light of current leadership behaviors in Armenia. The results of the study show that (a) current Armenian leaders seem to reflect the behaviors and attitudes of the historical leadership models above; (b) history should matter in leadership studies to understand leadership behaviors, in this case in Armenia, and how the past continues to shape their current worldviews and social identities; and (c) democracy imported to Armenia from the West, with little considerations of the historical characteristics of the Armenian people, has not produced the desired democratic reforms since 1991 independence. Perhaps an integrative approach to all five leadership models is necessary to address leadership challenges in Armenia today.
Application of RF superconductivity to a high-current linac

In 1997, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) initiated a development program for high-current, superconducting, proton-linac technology to build prototype components of this linac and demonstrate the feasibility. Seven hundred-MHz niobium cavities with elliptical shapes are being built, as well as power couplers to transfer high RF power to these cavities. The cavities and power couplers will be integrated in cryostats as linac cryomodules. This paper describes the linac design and the status of the development program.
Pluripotency in 3D: Genome organization in pluripotent cells

Cells face the challenge of storing two meters of DNA in the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus that spans only a few microns. The nuclear organization that is required to overcome this challenge must allow for the accessibility of the gene regulatory machinery to the DNA and, in the case of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for the transcriptional and epigenetic changes that accompany differentiation. Recent technological advances have allowed for the mapping of genome organization at an unprecedented resolution and scale. These breakthroughs have led to a deluge of new data, and a sophisticated understanding of the relationship between gene regulation and 3D genome organization is beginning to form. In this review we summarize some of the recent findings illuminating the 3D structure of the eukaryotic genome, as well as the relationship between genome topology and function from the level of whole chromosomes to enhancer–promoter loops with a focus on features affecting genome organization in ESCs and changes in nuclear organization during differentiation.
ac magnetic susceptibility, Meissner effect, and bulk superconductivity.

ac magnetic-susceptibility data for several Ba(${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{\mathrm{x}}$)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples indicate behavior quite different from that usually regarded as ``typical'' for alloys and compounds. These results focused attention on the criteria for bulk superconductivity in general and in particular on two recently proposed criteria for deducing bulk superconductivity from zero-field, ac magnetic-susceptibility data. These are (1) the appearance of an ``excessive loss'' as measured by a maximum or ``peak'' in plots of the loss component of the complex ac magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature and (2) an observed dependence of the magnitude of the ``ac signal'' upon the ac measuring frequency. A series of measurements were performed on elements and alloys in both singly and multiply connected geometries which clearly reveal that the recently proposed criteria are not applicable in general. In addition, the ability of normal-state electrodynamics to account for the frequency dependence of the magnitude of the ``ac signal'' and the observation of an ``excessive loss'' peak in all samples under suitable experimental conditions suggest that the above criteria are not valid ones. It is concluded that zero-field, ac magnetic-susceptibility data are insufficient for discerning bulk from nonbulk superconductivity and that such data should not be used as a basis for Meissner-effect measurements or discussions.
CONSERVATION OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE GENES IN THREE COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS OF BARLEY

Barley powdery mildew was used as a model to evaluate the potential of barley composite cross populations for conservation of disease resistance. The objective was to determine if increases in resistance to powdery mildew could be detected over periods of time in composite cross populations developed in California, where the disease might have had a selective influence on the populations, and the same populations grown in Montana, where no selective influence of powdery mildew was expected. Four isolates of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei were used to monitor the frequencies of plants with specific mildew resistances through early, intermediate and late generations of three composite cross populations (CCII, CCV, CCXII) grown at Davis, California, and Bozeman and Moccasin, Montana. Changes in frequencies of plants resistant to the four isolates were observed between generations in all populations from the three locations. Trends in the frequencies of resistance are discussed in relation to selection pressure applied by E. graminis. It is suggested that associations with gene complexes other than resistance to E. graminis might help to explain the increased resistance observed in these studies.
Proving Liveness Properties of Concurrent Programs

A liveness property asserts that program execution eventually reaches some desirable state. While termination has been studied extensively, many other liveness properties are important for concurrent programs. A formal proof method, based on temporal logic, for deriving liveness properties is presented. It allows a rigorous formulation of simple informal arguments. How to reason with temporal logic and how to use safety (invariance) properties in proving liveness is shown. The method is illustrated using, first, a simple programming language without synchronization primitives, then one with semaphores. However, it is applicable to any programming language. 18 references.
Method of Averaging

Consider a weakly nonlinear oscillation problem $$ \ddot{x} + \varepsilon h(x,\dot{x}) + x = 0,{\text{ }}\varepsilon {\text{ < < 1}}{\text{.}} $$ (4.1.1)
Evaluating the effectiveness of POGIL-PCL workshops

The POGIL-PCL (Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory) project has developed a series of workshops to introduce faculty to POGIL-PCL and to facilitate the development of new experiments. More than 60 faculty members from various institutions have attended these workshops. Workshop participants were surveyed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop and better understand why faculty choose to adopt POGIL-PCL. Of the participants who completed the survey, 77% had used POGIL-PCL experiments. The results of the survey show that personal influence is a major factor in all stages of the adoption process.
High-velocity metal forming—An old technology addresses new problems

High-velocity metal forming was the focus of much research approximately 30 years ago. It appears that this technology responds well to many of the challenges facing sheet metal forming today: formability is enhanced, springback is minimized, and die tryout time should be minimized.
Mini-Mental State Examination and Brain Age Quotient—Short Form: Relationship and Demographic Correlates:

Modest intercorrelations between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brain Age Quotient were obtained for 30 men in a VA medical program for alcoholic dependency. rs with age and education were small. As the two measures are reasonably different, they may be applied to advantage in studies of behavioral intervention.
Locating Contaminants in a Ground-Water System by Direct Current Resistivity Technique

This research employs a geophysical method to solve a geologically related environmental problem, namely ground-water pollution in an abandoned copper mine. Water is being tapped from a mine shaft to serve a growing population of about fifty thousand people in the Michigan Copper District. A simple hypothesis was developed both for the electrical potential of the layered earth in the study area and the origin of the contamination. This project involved reconnaissance, resistivity measurement (using the Schlumberger Configuration) in the field, and interpretation supplemented with conductivity data of water samples collected at different sites. Good sounding data from one resistivity station was modelled with a microcomputer and a program by Otto Koefoed (1979). We would expect ground-water pollution to be indicated by high conductivities and low resistivities. In fact we see both high values of conductivity and low resistivity at stations 2 and 3. Thus we conclude that the technique of resistivity and water chemistry has been suitable for investigating this engineering geology problem.
Construction Forest City in the Position of Forest Ecological Civilization Construction in Luoyang

Urban forest is the most vitality of the urban infrastructure,with the greatest ecological benefits can not be replaced,the building of urban forest and improve the ecological situation is an important basis for sustainable urban development,ecological civilization,ecological security,ecological construction in the cities the highest expression,but also the scientific concept of development to the urban ecological environment construction imperative.In this paper,the forest of urban construction and forestry ecological civilization construction in Luoyang has done a brief analysis of the relationship.
Research of correlation of measles antibody level between infant and mother in Urumqi

Objective To understand effect of basal level of maternal-transferred measles antibody on acquirement of passive immunization for new born,to provide basis for scientific prevention measure of measles and decreasing incidence rate of low-age infants.Methods Questionnaires were conducted in parturient in Urumqi Municipal Hospital of Maternal and Child Health.Venous blood of the parturient and umbilical cord blood of their neonates were collected to detect for serum antibody to measles by ELISA.Results Out of the 105 pairs investigated,the positive rate of serum antibody of mother and new born was 80% and 84.76%,respectively,with GMC of the new born of 1 048.41 mIU/ml and mother of 799.71 mIU/ml.The correlation coefficient of antibody titer between mother and infant was 0.873,showed significantly positive correlation.Conclusions The measles antibody level of parturient is low.It makes measles antibody of infants to be born under protection level,and they become susceptible population.Therefore,it is a feasible strategy to strengthen measles vaccine inoculation in the population,in order to effectively decrease measles incidence rate in 8-month-old infants.
Steroids in chronic liver and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Many of the most serious side effects associated with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can be avoided by various adjunctive measures that permit use of lowered doses and by frequent attempts to withdraw the steroids.This is the fifth in a series of 12 articles—edited by Henry N. Claman—on the corticosteroids: the state of the therapeutic art. Other topics to be covered are the use of corticosteroids in dermatologic diseases, by William L. Weston; in ophthalmologic diseases, by Howard M. Leibowitz; and in neurologic diseases, by George W. Ellison. The series will conclude with articles on corticosteroids and infections, by Michael Grieco; on corticosteroids in malignant disease, by Marc E. Lippman; on special problems of steroid therapy in pediatric patients, by Elliot F. Ellis; and on corticosteroids and adrenal Junction, by Nicholas P. Christy.
Ultrafast optical and far-infrared studies of La/sub 0:7/Ca/sub 0:3/MnO/sub 3/: mixed-phase dynamics

Summary form only given. We present ultrafast all-optical pump-probe and complementary optical-pump terahertz-probe measurements that are suggestive of mixed-phase dynamics in the nominally ferromagnetic metal state of colossal magnetoresistive thin films.
Deep Dive Topic: Choosing between ablators

Recent data on implosions using identical hohlraums and very similar laser drives underscores the conundrum of making a clear choice of one ablator over another. Table I shows a comparison of Be and CH in a nominal length, gold, 575 μm-diameter, 1.6 mg/cc He gas-fill hohlraum while Table II shows a comparison of undoped HDC and CH in a +700 length, gold, 575 μm diameter, 1.6 mg/cc He gas fill hohlraum. As can be seen in the tables, the net integrated fusion performance of these ablators is the same to within error bars. In the case of the undoped HDC and CH ablators, the hot spot shapes of the implosions were nearly indistinguishable for the experiments listed in Table II.
Correcting forecasts with multifactor neural attention

Automatic forecasting of time series data is a challenging problem in many industries. Current forecast models adopted by businesses do not provide adequate means for including data representing external factors that may have a significant impact on the time series, such as weather, national events, local events, social media trends, promotions, etc. This paper introduces a novel neural network attention mechanism that naturally incorporates data from multiple external sources without the feature engineering needed to get other techniques to work. We demonstrate empirically that the proposed model achieves superior performance for predicting the demand of 20 commodities across 107 stores of one of America's largest retailers when compared to other baseline models, including neural networks, linear models, certain kernel methods, Bayesian regression, and decision trees. Our method ultimately accounts for a 23.9% relative improvement as a result of the incorporation of external data sources, and provides an unprecedented level of descriptive ability for a neural network forecasting model.
Defending Against Identity-Based Attacks in Wireless Networks

The advancement of cyber-physical infrastructures allows us to share information gathered by wireless devices and makes it available to users to consume or to process on-the-go. However, the security of the underlying wireless communication is a major hurdle that needs to be overcome in order to achieve the successful and widespread deployment of cyber-physical infrastructures supported by the vast array of emerging wireless technologies.
Somnambulism and Migraine

Neurologists in the EEG laboratory of the Hopital d’Enfants, Dijon, France, have continued their interests and research concerning the association of somnambulism and migraine in childhood.
Free and Finitely Presented Lattices

Since free lattices are covered in Section 1-5 of LTF and in great detail in our book with Ježek [170], in this chapter we present the theory of finitely presented lattices including some new results, and then specialize to the case of free lattices. The authors wish to thank Alejandro Guillen for several helpful suggestions.
Analysis of a MISO Pre-BLAST-DFE Technique for Decentralized Receivers

The performance of a pre-BLAST-DFE technique with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding and decentralized receivers, operating over Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) frequency selective fading channels, is evaluated. The effect of optimal ordering of the decentralized receivers, which minimizes the total transmit energy, is investigated. We provide simulations to corroborate the analytical results.
The Association between Serum Copper and Anemia in the Adult NHANES II Population.

Anemia is prevalent in older adults. Although the majority of cases are due to nutritional deficiencies, chronic inflammation, or renal disease, anemia remains unexplained in about one third of cases (Guralnik et al., Blood, 2004, p2263). Copper deficiency has been reported as a rare cause of anemia and neutropenia. We hypothesized that copper deficiency could account for some cases of unexplained anemia in adults. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between serum copper and unexplained anemia in 11,240 adults (15 years and older) who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level below 13.5 g/dL in males and below 11.5 g/dL in females. In this study population, 638 or 5.7% of adults were anemic. Of these, anemia was unexplained by vitamin B12, folate, or iron deficiencies, chronic inflammation, or renal disease in 421 or 3.7% of the total subjects studied. Thus, unexplained anemia constituted approximately 65% of all anemia cases in this sample of US adults. Median serum copper level was significantly higher in all anemia cases (126 μg/dL, p This study likely underestimates the prevalence of anemia of chronic illness, as only a single marker of inflammation (serum iron) was available to capture these subjects. Furthermore, copper levels are known to be elevated in inflammation. Thus, unrecognized cases of anemia of chronic illness might explain the observed association between high serum copper levels and unexplained anemia. On the other hand, subjects with low serum copper levels and unexplained anemia might have nutritional deficiency. In conclusion, this analysis of the NHANES II data confirms (1) that unexplained anemia is common among the US adults, and (2) that both lower and higher than median serum copper levels are positively associated with unexplained anemia. These findings support the need for further study of copper status in adults with unexplained anemia.
LPV Modeling of a Flexible Wing Aircraft Using Modal Alignment and Adaptive Gridding Methods.

One of the earliest approaches in gain-scheduling control is the gridding based approach, in which a set of local linear time-invariant models are obtained at various gridded points corresponding to the varying parameters within the flight envelop. In order to ensure smooth and effective Linear Parameter-Varying control, aligning all the flexible modes within each local model and maintaining small number of representative local models over the gridded parameter space are crucial. In addition, since the flexible structural models tend to have large dimensions, a tractable model reduction process is necessary. In this paper, the notion of s-shifted H2- and H Infinity-norm are introduced and used as a metric to measure the model mismatch. A new modal alignment algorithm is developed which utilizes the defined metric for aligning all the local models over the entire gridded parameter space. Furthermore, an Adaptive Grid Step Size Determination algorithm is developed to minimize the number of local models required to represent the gridded parameter space. For model reduction, we propose to utilize the concept of Composite Modal Cost Analysis, through which the collective contribution of each flexible mode is computed and ranked. Therefore, a reduced-order model is constructed by retaining only those modes with significant contribution. The NASA Generic Transport Model operating at various flight speeds is studied for verification purpose, and the analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach.
Smart Beta is the Gateway Drug to Risk Factor Investing

The most common strategies using risk factor approaches are found on the opposite ends of the complexity spectrum: simple, long-only equity factor strategies (i.e., smart beta) and multiasset class long/short risk premia approaches that often employ leverage and derivatives. The space between these two poles is just starting to be explored, as risk factors become a more common feature of both portfolio attribution and portfolio construction. Today’s simple factor smart beta portfolios can be extended across multiple asset classes, coupled with shorting, in order to approach a diluted risk premia approach.
Teacher-Initiated One-to-One Technology Initiatives: How Teacher Self-Efficacy and Beliefs Help Overcome Barrier Thresholds to Implementation

ABSTRACTSchool districts increasingly implement one-to-one initiatives with the stated goal of reforming education. While an emerging body of research exists that studies the barriers and supports to these top-down attempts at educational change, little research exists that examines the lived experience of teachers who demonstrate a strong sense of self-efficacy and who take action to work toward successful implementation of initiatives. This two-year case study uses phenomenology to explore teacher beliefs when teachers self-initiate a one-to-one program in their classrooms. It frames findings within Ertmer, Ottenbreit-Leftwich, Sadik, Sendurur, and Sendurur's (2012) suggestion that “barrier thresholds” to technology integration exist that cannot be crossed, despite positive teacher beliefs about technology. The study concludes that effective implementation of one-to-one technology occurs at a confluence of complex factors, that positive teacher beliefs about technology and teacher beliefs about professi...
A telephonic mindfulness-based intervention for persons with sickle cell disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

One of the most difficult symptoms for persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) to manage is chronic pain. Chronic pain impacts approximately one-third of persons with SCD and is associated with increased pain intensity, pain behavior, and frequency and duration of hospital visits. A promising category of nonpharmacological interventions for managing both physical and affective components of pain are mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). The primary aim of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled study to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility, as well as to determine the preliminary efficacy, of a telephonic MBI for adults with SCD who have chronic pain. We will enroll 60 adult patients with SCD and chronic pain at an outpatient comprehensive SCD center in the southeastern United States. Patients will be randomized to either an MBI or a wait-listed control group. The MBI group will complete a six-session (60 minutes), telephonically delivered, group-based MBI program. The feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the MBI regarding pain catastrophizing will be assessed by administering questionnaires at baseline and weeks 1, 3, and 6. In addition, ten randomly selected MBI participants will complete semistructured interviews to help determine intervention acceptability. In this study protocol, we report detailed methods of the randomized controlled trial. Findings of this study will be useful to determine the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of an MBI for persons with SCD and chronic pain. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02394587 . Registered on 9 February 2015.
Fallible reasons on behalf of fallibilism

In this paper I introduce a problem regarding whether there are good reasons to accept fallibilism about justified belief. According to this species of fallibilism, one can be justified in believing a proposition on the basis of reasons that do not justify certainty. Call such reasons “fallible reasons.” The problem is this: can one justifiably believe fallibilism on the basis of fallible reasons? To do so would seem to beg the question. If you are undecided as to whether you should accept anything on the basis of fallible reasons, then you should also be undecided as to whether you should accept fallibilism on the basis of such reasons. In this paper I consider several possible responses to this problem. I argue that the most appealing is to grant that good but fallible reasons on behalf of fallibilism are possible, and that this shows that one’s basic rational commitments cannot be defended in a non-circular fashion.
Metacognitive Scaffolding Amplifies the Effect of Learning by Teaching a Teachable Agent

Learning by teaching has been compared with learning by being tutored, aka cognitive tutoring, to learn algebra linear equations for 7th to 8th grade algebra. Two randomized-controlled trials with 46 and 141 6th through 8th grade students were conducted in 3 public schools in two different years. Students in the learning by teaching (LBT) condition used an online learning environment (APLUS), where they interactively taught a teachable agent (SimStudent) how to solve equations with a goal to have the teachable agent pass the quiz. Students in the learning by being tutored condition used a version of cognitive tutor that uses the same user interface as APLUS, but no teachable agent. Instead, a teacher agent tutored students how to solve equations. The goal for students in this condition was to pass the quiz by themselves. Students selected and entered problems to be tutored by themselves. This condition is hence called Goal-Oriented Practice (GOP). For both conditions, students received metacognitive scaffolding on how to teach the teachable agent (LBT) and how to regulate their learning (GOP). The results from the classroom studies show that (1) students in both conditions learned equally well, measured as pre- and post-test scores, (2) prior competency does not influence the effect of LBT nor GOP (i.e., no aptitude-treatment interaction observed), and (3) GOP students primarily focused on submitting the quiz rather than practicing on problems. These results suggest that with the metacognitive scaffolding, learning by teaching is equally effective as cognitive tutoring regardless of the prior competency.
On the Benefits and Costs of Energy Conservation

We have accepted and promoted energy conservation policies in an unquestioning way. Perhaps it is the catchword, "conservation," and the mythology which surrounds it which have generated the unfounded enthusiasm. After all, who can be against conservation?
Estimating and Comparing Classifiers

A variety of metrics have been used to estimate the performance of a classifier, and hence to compare different classifiers. Performance is specific to a particular problem and dataset, and there is no overall best classifier. Cross-validation and resampling methods need to be chosen carefully. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves provide a convenient graphical method of comparing classifier performance, although there are a number of other statistical tests.
Moral Experts, Deference & Disagreement

We sometimes seek expert guidance when we don’t know what to think or do about a problem. In challenging cases concerning medical ethics, we may seek a clinical ethics consultation for guidance. The assumption is that the bioethicist, as an expert on ethical issues, has knowledge and skills that can help us better think about the problem and improve our understanding of what to do regarding the issue.
A Behavioral Interpretation of Aesthetics

A behavioral interpretation of aesthetics will doubtless require a series of successive approximations to reach a wholly satisfactory formulation. The present article is an attempt to refine part of Mechner’s analysis using a more restrictive vocabulary, that of terms that have emerged from the behavioral laboratory. Given the magnitude of the task, the present proposal is confined to aesthetics in literature. Examples and nonexamples are offered to support the proposal that aesthetics in literature entails multiple stimulus control that evokes large jumps in the strength of incipient behavior. This leads in turn to an efflorescence of discriminative and elicited responding that characterizes the subjective aesthetic experience. The terms of this interpretation are taken as partial behavioral translations of Mechner’s concepts of synthetic brew, priming, transformation, and surprise.
Demography and the dual epidemics of tuberculosis and HIV: Analysis of cross-sectional data from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background Convergence of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV epidemics is associated with higher morbidity and mortality risks and understanding their distribution across key demographic factors is essential for prevention and control. This analysis examines the prevalence of TB, HIV and TB-HIV coinfection across age and gender in patients with presumptive TB seeking care at the National TB and Leprosy Training Center in Nigeria. Methods Samples from 1603 presumptive pulmonary TB cases who provided informed consent were evaluated with a sequential testing algorithm that included a smear microscopy, cultures in liquid and broth media and then genotyping by Hain line probe assays. HIV was serially tested with two HIV rapid assays and retested with a third assay in non-conclusive samples. Results Twenty-three percent (375/1603) had confirmed pulmonary TB infection, 23.6% (378/1603) were positive for HIV infection and 26.9% (101/375) of the confirmed TB cases were HIV co-infected. Males had a higher prevalence of TB: 27.6% vs. 18.0%, p < .0001; and a lower prevalence of HIV: 19.0% vs. 29.6%, p < .0001. In the age range of 25–29 years, males were twice as likely to have TB (OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–3.9, p = 0.0032) while females were five times more likely to have HIV (OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 2.6–8.9, p < .0001). Persons with TB-HIV coinfection were more likely to be young, female and less likely to be married. Conclusion Younger females with a high burden of HIV may be under-diagnosed and under-reported for TB in Nigeria. Community programs for intensified and early detection of TB and HIV targeting younger females are needed in this setting.
Adaptive Online Runtime Prediction to Improve HPC Applications Latency in Cloud

We propose adaptive online application runtime prediction methods to improve application latency in clouds. Scheduling algorithms are highly sensitive to the value of application runtime. %Currently available schedulers rely on inaccurate user predictions as well as inaccurate over the shelf forecasting tools. Predicting the application runtime values in the cloud is challenging because of highly dynamic nature of application runtime values, the requirement of real-time prediction and scarcity of training data. To provide an accurate and fast online prediction model, we first analyze available HPC traces and design hybrid models from adaptive online generative models known as State Space Models. We show how State Space Models are generalizations of widely used methods for application runtime prediction in HPC clusters including exponential smoothing and recursive least square. To overcome high variance of application runtimes in the cloud, our proposed methods facilitate on-the-fly automated model selection and model switching. Our machine learning prediction results on HPC application traces show that our adaptive online prediction models predict the runtimes 33% to 80% more accurately than existing prediction approaches. Besides, our extensive trace-based scheduling simulations show that our predicted runtimes improve the performance (wait time) by 25%.
Adherence with National Comprehensive Cancer Network posttreatment surveillance guidelines in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background Surveillance in head and neck cancer (HNC) is essential to detect recurrent or new lesions and to optimize function. This study describes drivers of surveillance adherence in patients with HNC and its effect on prognosis. Methods Adherence with surveillance of HNC patients was determined using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network HNC guidelines. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine predictors of adherence and overall survival (OS). Results Results showed that 110 of 221 patients (50.2%) were adherent with surveillance. Distance from the treatment center was the only significant association. Adherence was not associated with OS following multivariate adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43-1.09). However, 5-10 years after treatment completion, adherence was an independent predictor of survival (aHR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.09-0.61). Conclusion Adherence with surveillance is important in improving survival in patients with HNC, especially in the long term.
Segmentation crack formation dynamics during air plasma spraying of zirconia

Abstract Air Plasma Sprayed (APS) Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) is a well-established technology in the gas turbine industry. A conventional APS TBC is a layered structure with heterogenous distribution of defects (microcracking, pores, etc.) which allow it to simultaneously possess low thermal conductivity and elastic modulus compared to its bulk counterpart. However, interfacial defects can be a source of delamination failure during thermal cycling. In addition, conventional porous coatings can experience sintering during sustained exposure, which augments failure through stiffening-induced delamination. Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) TBC coatings, due to their dense columnar structures, are less susceptible to both sintering and delamination. This has led to the consideration of more economically-applied APS TBCs that are dense with periodic vertical segmentation cracks. Such dense vertically cracked coatings (DVCs) have been successfully developed and implemented in gas turbine engines. These microstructures are produced in-situ through control of the process conditions with high deposition temperatures. However, the mechanism of such segmentation cracks is unclear. In this study, formation dynamics of segmentation cracks were observed through in-situ beam curvature monitoring during deposition in combination with microstructural evaluations. It was observed the initial layers of the coating are dense without segmentation cracking. As subsequent layers are deposited, periodic macrocracking initiates and typically propagates through the remaining coating thickness. The in-situ in-plane coating stress is significantly reduced after segmentation cracking begins. These results are reconciled through interpretation of thin-film fracture literature, and an initial framework to interpret the experimental observations is provided.
Perfusion confusion after carotid artery stenting Images in Neuroscience

Abstract A 63 year-old female with a recent history of symptomatic left internal carotid artery stenosis (ICA) status post left ICA stenting, and known asymptomatic right ICA stenosis presented with vision loss in the right eye. CT angiogram (CTA) demonstrated mild focal in-stent stenosis of the left ICA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequencing demonstrated decreased blood flow in the left cerebral hemisphere.
Spinal epidural abscess secondary to gram-negative bacteria: case report and literature review

Bacterial spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare suppurative infection that commonly presents with nonspecific symptoms along with the infrequent triad of fever, back pain, and neurological deficits. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use, degenerative disc disease, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and recent trauma or surgery. Patients with SEA often experience poor outcomes such as permanent neurological deficits, residual motor weakness, and even death. Staphylococcus aureus is the most predominant organism known to cause SEA; however, gram-negative bacteria are isolated in a small percentage of cases. Here we report three cases of SEA caused by gram-negative organisms. Each patient had identifiable risk factors known to increase the risk for SEA, and upon presentation had symptoms of SEA. Upon work up, the patients had positive cultures for gram-negative organisms and MRI imaging confirmed the presence of SEA. One patient made a full recovery while the other two cases resulted in permanent paraplegia. These cases stress the importance of considering SEA even in the presence of gram-negative infections, despite them being a rare cause. Furthermore, these cases emphasize the importance of broad-spectrum antibiotics that cover gram-negative bacteria in patients found to have risk factors along with symptoms of SEA.
Small-signal Modeling and Analysis of a Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell

Fuel cell-based energy generation has become more popular in distributed power generation systems in recent years due to their zero emissions, sustainability, and portability. This paper presents the small-signal model of a grid-connected polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The state-space modeling technique is used to model the fuel cell stack, boost converter, three-phase inverter and ac filter dynamics. Partial pressure dynamics of hydrogen, oxygen and water are included in fuel cell dynamics. The stability of the overall system is tested through eigenvalue analysis in MATLAB. Different case studies are developed to investigate the sensitivity of boost converter parameters and phase-locked loop (PLL) on the stability of the overall system.