cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transluminal balloon coarctation angioplasty: Experience with 27 patients

Transluminal balloon angioplasty (BA) was performed in 27 consecutive patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA), including 7 infants with preductal COA, 7 patients with restenosed COA after surgical repair, and 13 older children and 1 adult with unoperated COA. The patients were 4 days to 27 years old. The balloon was positioned across the COA and inflated sequentially to pressures of 100 and 120 psi, each inflation lasting for 5 to 10 seconds. Peak systolic pressure gradient (PSG) across the COA was recorded and an aortogram was performed before and immediately after BA. PSG also was recorded during follow-up studies performed in 13 patients 3 to 24 months after BA. BA was performed without complications in each patient. Immediately after BA, the mean PSG was reduced from 49 ± 21 to 10 ± 7 mm Hg (p
LOWER INCISORS OF PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS) AS BIORECORDERS OF HIBERNATION AND SEASON OF DEATH

Incremental dentin and associated enamel, features visible at the surface of lower incisors of rodents, may chronicle important life-history information. This study investigated surface features of lower incisors representing 4 taxa of prairie dogs (Cynomys) in relation to hibernation and season of year. A set of abnormalities in dentin and enamel, observed on 20 of 138 incisors, always chronicled an event ending in late winter or early spring and was interpreted as a hibernation mark. Hibernation was recorded in the incisors of obligate hibernators, C. leucurus and C. gunnisoni, as well as in 20% of specimens of the facultative heterotherm, C. ludovicianus, with relevant winter growth record. Inspection of prairie dog incisors from museum collections elucidated patterns in the timing of spring emergence across species, sexes, and elevations. Growth rates of prairie dog incisors (estimated from thicknesses of circadian dentin increments) showed general seasonal patterns when pooled by sex and species, but daily growth rates recorded along individual incisors often fluctuated idiosyncratically through time. However, incisors that chronicled a significant temporal trend in daily growth rate registered either early-season (increased growth rate through time) or late-season growth (decreased growth rate through time). None of 11 late-Pleistocene fossil C. niobrarius churcherii exhibited a hibernation mark, but 4 of these exhibited significant decrease in growth rate along their incisors, probably indicating animals that died late in the active season.
Nd3+ and Am3+ ion interactions with sulfate ion and their influence on NdPO4(c) solubility

The effects of Nd(III)/Am(III) complexation with sulfate were studied by 1) re-examining existing data for the Am−SO4 system using more, advanced aqueous electrolyte models valid to high concentration to obtain reliable thermodynamic data for SO 4 2− complexes or ion interactions with Nd3+ and Am3+ and 2) conducting experimental solubility studies of NdPO4(c), an analog phase of AmPO 4 (c), a possibly important phase in high level nuclear wastes, in the presence of SO 2− to test the newly developed thermodynamic model and show the possible influence of sulfate in a repository environment. The data showed that the increase in the solubility of NdPO 4 (c) resulted primarily from the increase in ionic strength. Slightly higher observed Nd concentrations in the presence of sulfate, as compared with concentrations predicted at the experimental ionic strengths, resulted from the weak complexes or ion interactions involving Nd 3+ −SO 2− . The Pitzer ion interaction parameters, applicable to 0.5m sulfate, were obtained for Am 3+ −SO 2− from a reinterpretation of known solvent extraction data. These parameters are also consistent with literature data for Am 3+ /Na+ exchange and solvent extraction in the presence of sulfate. When used for the analogous Nd 3+ −SO 2− system to predict NdPO 4 (c) solubility in the presence of sulfate, they provided excellent agreement between the predicted and the observed solubilities, indicating that they can be reliably used to determine Nd 3+ or Am 3+ ion interactions with SO 2− in all ground waters where SO 2− is less than 0.5m
Federal budget cuts

White House delay in announcing the details of about $13 billion in proposed cuts in the FY 1981 budget has left federal agencies wondering which of their programs will have to be sacrificed. In an exercise initiated by the White House early this month, federal agencies were asked to submit plans to cut their budgets to several different target levels.
Medication interventions for fall prevention in the older adult.

Abstract Objective To review fall epidemiology, risk factors, assessments and intervention methods, and outcomes in order to provide guidance to pharmacists. Data sources Recently published articles listed in Medline and resources on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality website (www.ahrq.gov) identified using the search terms falls , medications and falls , fall risk factors , and falls interventions and outcomes ; personal data in preparation for publication consideration by the authors; and bibliographies from gathered articles. Data synthesis Falls may result from multiple risk factors that should be considered to both prevent falls and intervene when a fall has occurred. Careful consideration of the total psychoactive drug load, especially psychotropic drugs, and well-planned recommendations for tapering, discontinuing, and/or replacing drugs implicated in increasing fall risk are presented. A fall risk assessment method that incorporates fall history and risk factors, current disease states and conditions, and medications that may increase fall risk is provided. Two cases with interventions and outcomes are detailed. Because anemia may increase fall risk, adequate assessment of the cause(s) of anemia and conservative recommendations to correct it may decrease fall risk. Adequate vitamin D and calcium intake also may be essential to both decrease falls and fall-related fracture risk. Suggested alternatives and tapering for drugs implicated in increasing falls are considered. Osteoporosis risk assessment is a further area requiring delineation for possible pharmacist assistance to the patient and prescriber to reduce the risk of both fall-related and nontrauma fractures. Interventions to change medications may reduce falls by up to 70%. Additional fall-related resources on the Internet are provided. Conclusion Pharmacists can play an important role by identifying patients who may have fall risk factors and history and by providing information for drug changes that may reduce fall risk.
Territoriality: For and Against

This article will survey the main arguments for and against territoriality and conclude that it is the wrong way to go in the short run, but can perhaps be adopted in the medium to long run in conjunction with more fundamental international tax reform. The main reason that territoriality should not be adopted now is that the OECD may be about to recommend worldwide consolidation for all its members as part of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project, and if the OECD does that, all of the standard arguments in favor of territoriality and against abolishing deferral disappear.
Transitions in Young Adulthood and the Relationship between Parent and Offspring Well-Being

This study advances sociological theory by elaborating on the significance of social integration into a family for parent and offspring well-being. The study assesses the extent to which changes in the psychological well-being of young adults engender changes in their parents' psychological well-being, and vice versa. The results suggest that the relationship is reciprocal; changes in a young adult's psychological well-being affect the psychological well-being of a parent. Similarly, changes in a parent's feelings of well-being affect those of a young adult offspring. The findings provide evidence that children and their parents continue to influence one another's well-being as both generations age.
Conjugate selection for precision lens centering

The concept of centering a precision, symmetric lens system using a high-quality rotary table and an auto-focusing test instrument are well known. Less well known are methods of finding convenient, or easily accessible, lens conjugates on which to focus while performing the centering operation. We introduce methods of finding suitable conjugates and centering configurations that lend themselves to practical centering solutions.
Disruption of the Actin Cytoskeleton Can Complement the Ability of Nef To Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein Nef has been shown to increase the infectivity of HIV at an early point during infection. Since Nef is known to interact with proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, we tested the possibility that Nef may enhance HIV infectivity via a mechanism that involves the actin cytoskeleton. We find that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton complements the Nef infectivity defect. The ability of disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to complement the Nef defect was specific to envelopes that fuse at the cell surface, including a variety of HIV envelopes and the murine leukemia virus amphotropic envelope. In contrast, the infectivity of HIV virions pseudotyped to enter cells via endocytosis, which is known to complement the HIV Nef infectivity defect and can naturally penetrate the cortical actin barrier, was not altered by actin cytoskeleton disruption. The results presented here suggest that Nef functions to allow the HIV genome to penetrate the cortical actin network, a known barrier for intracellular parasitic organisms.
The Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: A climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis

Although biomarker, trace element, and isotopic evidence have been used to claim that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved by 2.8 giga-annum before present (Ga) and perhaps as early as 3.7 Ga, a skeptical examination raises considerable doubt about the presence of oxygen producers at these times. Geological features suggestive of oxygen, such as red beds, lateritic paleosols, and the return of sedimentary sulfate deposits after a ≈900-million year hiatus, occur shortly before the ≈2.3–2.2 Ga Makganyene “snowball Earth” (global glaciation). The massive deposition of Mn, which has a high redox potential, practically requires the presence of environmental oxygen after the snowball. New age constraints from the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa suggest that all three glaciations in the Huronian Supergroup of Canada predate the Snowball event. A simple cyanobacterial growth model incorporating the range of C, Fe, and P fluxes expected during a partial glaciation in an anoxic world with high-Fe oceans indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis could have destroyed a methane greenhouse and triggered a snowball event on timescales as short as 1 million years. As the geological evidence requiring oxygen does not appear during the Pongola glaciation at 2.9 Ga or during the Huronian glaciations, we argue that oxygenic cyanobacteria evolved and radiated shortly before the Makganyene snowball.
Interpretation of recovery-temperature measurements at low Reynolds numbers.

Abstract : The memorandum demonstrates that the wire recovery temperature in a steady-state flow may be accurately determined without a detailed knowledge of the convective heat-transfer rate to the wire. The analysis is valid even for large conduction losses at the wire supports, and a similar analysis could be made for transient conditions.
Macroeconomic determinants of long-term stock market comovements among major EMS countries

Long-term comovements of national stock markets in three EMS (European Monetary System) countries - France, Germany and Italy - are examined. The EMS stock markets are found to display long-term comovements governed by two common permanent components. To identify some interpretable sources of such long-term market comovements, the study explores whether they can be linked to similar comovements in macroeconomic variables, including the money supply, dividends and industrial production. Like stock prices, two common permanent components are found driving the comovements in each of these variables. Further analysis suggests that the long-term comovements in stock prices can be partly attributable to those in the macroeconomic variables, especially for the post-1987 period. The results confirm at least a limited role of these macroeconomic variables in accounting for the stock market comovements among the EMS countries.
Transcriptional and Translational Analysis of Biofilm Determinants of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Response to Environmental Perturbation

Fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) all contribute to biofilm formation by the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. To understand how individual biofilm determinants respond to changing environmental conditions, the transcription of genes responsible for fimbria, LPS, and EPS production, as well as the translation of these components, was determined in rough (Rv) and isogenic smooth (Sv) variants of A. actinomycetemcomitans cultured in half-strength and full-strength culture medium under anaerobic or aerobic conditions, and in iron-supplemented and iron-chelated medium. The transcription of tadV (fimbrial assembly), pgaC (extracellular polysaccharide synthesis), and orf8 or rmlB (lipopolysaccharide synthesis) was measured by real-time PCR. The amounts of fimbriae, LPS, and EPS were also estimated from stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and verified by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay using specific antibodies. Each gene was significantly upregulated in the Rv compared to in the Sv. The transcription of fimbrial, LPS, and EPS genes in the Rv was increased approximately twofold in cells cultured in full-strength medium under anaerobic conditions compared to that in cells cultured under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, the transcription of fimbrial and EPS enzymes was elevated in both Rv and Sv cells cultured in half-strength medium, compared to that in full-strength medium. Iron chelation also increased the transcription and translation of all biofilm determinants compared to their expression with iron supplementation, yet the quantity of biofilm was not significantly changed by any environmental perturbation except iron limitation. Thus, anaerobic conditions, nutrient stress, and iron limitation each upregulate known biofilm determinants of A. actinomycetemcomitans to contribute to biofilm formation.
Robust M-estimation of a dispersion matrix with a structure

An iterative algorithm for the robust M-estimation of the dispersion matrix of the form Γ + σ2Ip has been given. This algorithm converges after some steps and reduces the effect of outliers on the covariance matrix. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established.
BSW Perceptions of Tolerance for LGB Worker Stigma: An Exploratory Study

Stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors affect many workplaces, and the social service workplace is no exception. Although professional social work values promote affirmative work with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, the social service workplace is not universally supportive of LGB workers. This exploratory, cross-sectional study of baccalaureate social workers (N=78) in a southwestern state in the United States examines perceptions of organizational tolerance of stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes toward LGB workers and whether those baccalaureate social workers' perceptions differed by other characteristics, including sex, race and ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation identity. The study found that these baccalaureate social workers perceived low to moderate organizational tolerance of stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors toward LGB workers. Their perceptions differed by sex, social class, and sexual orientation identity but not by race and ethnicity. Implications for policy, as well a...
Incidence and patterns of bone marrow and blood involvement by lymphoma in relationship to the Lukes-Collins classification

Pretreatment lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood were examined in 176 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By the criteria of the Lukes and Collins functional--morphological classification, 158 (90%) were B-cell lymphomas and 17 (10%) were T-cell lymphomas. Bone marrow involvement was present in 53% of cases: 51% of B-cell types and 65% of T-cell types. Marrow involvement was most frequent in small lymphocyte (B) (89%), convoluted lymphocyte (60%), and small cleaved follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas (55%). The pattern of bone marrow involvement was most frequently focal paratrabecular in B-cell lymphomas and diffuse in T-cell lymphomas. Blood involvement was present in 50% of cases with bone marrow lymphoma and generally reflected extensive bone marrow disease. There was a higher incidence of both bone marrow and blood involvement in pediatric patients than in adults.
Culture Wars: Religions of the East

There are approximately 6.5 billion people occupying space on the earth today. (US Census, 2006) They speak approximately 6000 different languages; however, since the age of technology, some of these people have abandoned their native tongues and culture norms due to globalization and immigration to and from other countries. (Whole Earth, 2000) Some of these mixtures become like melting pots, however, due to culture clashes some become tossed salads with different culture conflicts. Being introduced to cultural diversity and the understanding of cultures usually help; however, uncompromising positions that bring strife keep the fuse burning, like Islam.
Propagating the carrier frequency of a pulse seamlessly connects spectrometry & coherence

A causal model of propagating the carrier frequency of a pulse, instead of non-causal Fourier frequencies, existing in all space, seamlessly connects spectrometry & coherence with deeper physical insights behind the phenomena.
Some metabolic aspects of calcium movement across the isolated avian shell gland.

SummaryThe experiments indicate that calcium movement across the avian shell gland in vitro is in part dependent on metabolic energy derived from oxidative metabolism, requires the generation of phosphate-bond energy, and is predetermined by the physiological state of the shell gland at time of sacrifice.
Central Nervous System Infection of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae in 26 Children

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,curative effect and prognosis of central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).Methods Twenty-six children with CNS infection of MP were included for the observation.The characteristics of children were determined by clinical symptoms.The children were classified into 2 groups according to cause of disease.All the children were classified again into 2 groups according to the clinical symptoms:Group 1 (10 cases) and group 2 (16 cases).Children in group 1 had fever,headache and vomiting as the initial symptoms,but cough didn′t appear during the whole course of disease.Children in group 2 had fever and cough as the inital symptoms, and symptoms of central nervous system were found after 7-12 days.Specific IgM and IgG antibody from serum was assayed by particle agglutination test and MP DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in all children.Electroen-cephalogram and cranial imaging examinations were performed.Results 1.The majority children with MP infection in CNS were older than 5 years.The clinical manifestations included fever (26/26 cases),headache (15/26 cases),lethargy (15/26 cases) and vomiting (12/26 cases).However,convulsion (3/26 cases) was rare.2.MP DNA in CSF was positive and specific IgM,IgG antibody in serum was negative in group 1;children in group 2 had fever and cough as the inital symptoms,and neural symptoms appeared afterwards.However,MP DNA in CSF was negative and specific IgM and IgG antibody of serum was positive in group 2.3.Other founding included abnormal electroencephalogram (slow wave) in 18 children,multi-focus abnormal signal in ectocinerea and patching high signal near encephalocoelemain in MRI in 4 children.All children recovered completely after treatment with antibiotics,immunoglobin γ,dehydration therapy and antispasmodism.Conclusions MP is one of the pathogens causing CNS infection in childhood.CNS symptoms can occur with or without respiratory infection.The etiopathogenisis of encephalitis is difficult to distinguish MP from virus.Positive MP DNA in CSF and positive specific IgM and IgG antibody in serum is helpful to diagnosis MP infections and its treatment.Children with MP infection in CNS usually recover well and have a good prognosis.
Rational Antibiotics Use During Perioperative Period of Hysteromyomectomy:An Intervention Study

OBJECTIVE To explore a set of scientific methods which are suitable for China′s situation and (promote) the development of rational drug use in China, we undertake the intervention study for rational antibiotics use on perioperative period of hysteromyomectomy. METHODS Selected the surgical inpatient cases of hysteromyomectomy plus appendix in Jun 2000 and found out the problems of irrational drug use. Then developmented a treatment guideline for antibiotic prophylaxis. The guideline was formulated following the international guideline and the (national) experience. Carried out intervention and comparison research on the same period in 2001. For the (guideline) to have maximum effect, we implemented in a systematic way using a variety of educational, managerial and regulatory techniques. Followed up the effect of the intervention in Jun 2002. RESULTS The rational rate of antibiotics use with guideline increased from 0 (before intervention)to 89.73% (during intervention)and to (30.56%) (after intervention) (P0.01).Some major problems such as irrational choice of antibiotics, incorrect time of drug administration and over-long course of drug treatment were improved significantly after intervention. CONCLUSIONS The intervention methods used in this study are proved practicable and effective for rational drug use. They will contribute to the decrease medical expense and promote the safe, effective and economic antibiotic use in China.
The Building of Personality and Performance in Competitions of Professional Athletes

This text regards professional athlete's performance in competitions as the starting point,and athlete's personality as the structural factor.The essay then proposes personality theory of three key elements,ethics,wisdom,and will.The paper help established the content system on building of personality in order to develop the theory of sport training.
A mitochondrial chaperonin: genetic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics.

Mitochondria contain a matrix-localized protein complex composed of subunits homologous to the E.coli protein groEL. As with groEL in E.coli, the nuclear gene coding for the mitochondrial protein is essential for cell survival and the accumulation of the protein is elevated at heat shock-inducing temperatures. Biochemical analyses of wild type and mutant yeast strains have shown that this protein, hsp60, is required for the correct folding and assembly of newly imported, mitochondrially-targeted proteins. There is evidence suggesting a mandatory interaction between hsp60 and many imported, as well as mitochondrially-synthesized, proteins. The implications of these and other data are discussed.
How much electricity can we save by using direct current circuits in homes? Understanding the potential for electricity savings and assessing feasibility of a transition towards DC powered buildings

Abstract Advances in semiconductor-based power electronics and growing direct current loads in buildings have led researchers to reconsider whether buildings should be wired with DC circuits to reduce power conversions and facilitate a transition to efficient DC appliances. The feasibility, energy savings, and economics of such systems have been assessed and proven in data centers and commercial buildings, but the outcomes are still uncertain for the residential sector. In this work, we assess the technical and economic feasibility of DC circuits using data for 120 traditionally-wired AC homes in Austin, Texas to understand the effect of highly variable demand profiles on DC-powered residences, using appliance-level use and solar generation data, and performing a Monte Carlo simulation to quantify costs and benefits. Results show site energy savings between 9% and 20% when solar PV is distributed to all home appliances. When battery storage for excess solar energy is considered, these savings increase to 14–25%. At present DC equipment prices, converting all equipment to DC causes levelized annual costs of electricity to homeowners to roughly double. However, by converting only homes’ air conditioning condensing units to DC, the costs of direct-DC are greatly reduced and home site energy savings of 7–16% are generated. In addition to quantifying savings, we find major nontechnical barriers to implementing direct-DC in homes. These include a lack of standards for such systems, a relatively small market for DC appliances and components, utility programs designed for AC power, and a workforce unfamiliar with DC. Experience with DC is growing in other sectors, and with time this will be transitioned to a broader audience of engineers, electricians, and building inspectors to ensure that not only are the systems themselves safe, but that the image of direct current circuits becomes less foreign over time. Direct current may very well have a place in the residential sector, and research and development should continue to explore other potential benefits that might make a stronger case for a more widespread transition to what now appears a promising technology.
Self-Regulation for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Preliminary Effects of the "I Control" Curriculum.

Maladaptive adolescent behavior patterns often create escalating conflict with adults and peers, leading to poor long-term social trajectories. To address this, school-based behavior management oft...
The Pragmatic Middle and Its Consequences: The Influence of Justice O’Connor

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor sought to insure that prison officials’ interests in security and order were protected as she recognized limited constitutional rights for prisoners. Her pragmatic position was not driven by a particular judicial philosophy. As the middle justice in a frequently divided Court, she had opportunities to write influential majority opinions, especially in Turner v. Safley (1987), the case that established a rational basis test for certain First Amendment issues. Justice O’Connor’s role illustrated how justices whose decision-making approaches place them in the middle of a divided Supreme Court can gain extra influence by determining the winning side and judicial reasoning in contested cases.
Genetic characterization of Wolbachia from Great Salt Lake brine flies

Wolbachia are intracellular prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with a wide distribution of arthropod and nematode hosts. Their association ranges from parasitism to mutualism, and there is growing evidence that Wolbachia can have dramatic effects on host reproduction, physiology, and immunity. Although all Wolbachia are currently considered as single species, W. pipientis, phylogenetic studies reveal about a dozen monophyletic groups, each designated as a supergroup. This study uses 16S rRNA gene sequences to examine the genetic diversity of Wolbachia present in three species of Great Salt Lake brine flies, Cirrula hians, Ephydra gracilis, and Mosillus bidentatus. The brine fly Wolbachia sequences are highly similar, with an average nucleotide sequence divergence among the three species of 0.00174. The brine fly Wolbachia form a monophyletic group that is affiliated with a subset of supergroup B, indicating that this supergroup may be more diverse than previously thought. These findings expand the phylogenetic diversity of Wolbachia and extend their host range to taxa adapted to a hypersaline environment.
Reconstruction of CT images from sparse-view polyenergetic data using total variation minimization

Recent work in CT image reconstruction has seen increasing interest in the use of compressive sensing techniques to reconstruct images from sparse-view projection data, with the goal of reducing radiation dose as well as scan time. Most often these reconstruction approaches exploit sparsity in the gradient of the image using total variation (TV) minimization. Following the existing theoretical results from compressive sensing, these approaches typically assume a linear measurement model, which corresponds to data generated from a monoenergetic X-ray beam. Most clinical CT systems generate X-rays from a polyenergetic spectrum, however, which is inconsistent with a linear system model and produces the well-known beam hardening artifacts. Such artifacts have been observed in some studies on sparse-view CT reconstruction using a linear model. In this work we incorporate an existing polyenergetic iterative technique known as polyenergetic SART (pSART) into a TV minimization reconstruction algorithm. Using numerical phantom experiments, we demonstrate that this polyenergetic TV minimization algorithm is able to reconstruct images free of both undersampling and beam hardening artifacts from sparse-view, polyenergetic projection data.
Faculty Perceptions of Online Teacher Education Programs in Jordan: A Case Study

Faculty perception has long been recognized as an essential part of the online learning paradigm. This study examined faculty’s perception of online teacher education programs at the Arab Open University-Jordan. In particular, it examined faculty’s perceived values of (1) online education’s effectiveness, (2) teacher-student interactions, (3) institutional support and availability of technology, (4) teaching methods, and (5) students’ performances. The study findings demonstrated the faculty’s overall satisfaction with online education as an effective and challenging teaching medium in higher education. Yet, participating faculty preferred to have more face-to-face and blended courses in teacher training programs. Teacher-student interactions, students cheating, and true assessments of students’ learning remained to be issues of concern for the faculty.
Effect of Retrieval Practice on Short-Term and Long-Term Retention in HIV+ Individuals.

Objectives: Episodic memory deficits are both common and impactful among persons infected with HIV; however, we know little about how to improve such deficits in the laboratory or in real life. Retrieval practice, by which retrieval of newly learned material improves subsequent recall more than simple restudy, is a robust memory boosting strategy that is effective in both healthy and clinical populations. In this study, we investigated the benefits of retrieval practice in 52 people living with HIV and 21 seronegatives. Methods: In a within-subjects design, all participants studied 48 verbal paired associates in 3 learning conditions: Massed-Restudy, Spaced-Restudy, and Spaced-Testing. Retention of verbal paired associates was assessed after short- (30 min) and long- (30 days) delay intervals. Results: After a short delay, both HIV+ persons and seronegatives benefited from retrieval practice more so than massed and spaced restudy. The same pattern of results was observed specifically for HIV+ persons with clinical levels of memory impairment. The long-term retention interval data evidenced a floor effect that precluded further analysis. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that retrieval practice improves verbal episodic memory more than some other mnemonic strategies among HIV+ persons. (JINS, 2017, 23, 214–222)
Introduction and Assessment of a Blended-Learning Model to Teach Patient Assessment in a Doctor of Pharmacy Program

Objective. To integrate a blended-learning model into a two-course patient assessment sequence in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program and to assess the academic performance and perceptions of enrolled students.Design. A blended-learning model consisting of a flipped classroom format was integrated into a patient assessment (PA) course sequence. Course grades of students in the blended-learning (intervention) and traditional-classroom (control) groups were compared. A survey was administered to assess student perceptions.Assessment. The mean numeric grades of students in the intervention group were higher than those of students in the traditional group (PA1 course: 92.2±3.1 vs 90.0±4.3; and PA2 course: 90.3±4.9 vs 85.8±4.2). Eighty-six percent of the students in the intervention group agreed that the instructional methodologies used in this course facilitated understanding of the material.Conclusion. The blended-learning model was associated with improved academic performance and was well-received by stu...
Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesis With Multilevel Pulse Biasing.

We describe the implementation of new commercial pulse-bias electronics that have enabled an improvement in the generation of quantum-accurate waveforms both with and without low-frequency compensation biases. We have used these electronics to apply a multilevel pulse bias to the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and have generated, for the first time, a quantum-accurate bipolar sinusoidal waveform without the use of a low-frequency compensation bias current. This uncompensated 1 kHz waveform was synthesized with an rms amplitude of 325 mV and maintained its quantum accuracy over a 1.5 mA operating current range. The same technique and equipment was also used to synthesize a quantum-accurate 1 MHz sinusoid with a 1.2 mA operating margin. In addition, we have synthesized a compensated 1 kHz sinusoid with an rms amplitude of 1 V and a 2.7 mA operating margin.
Functional network changes and cognitive control in schizophrenia

Cognitive control is a cognitive and neural mechanism that contributes to managing the complex demands of day-to-day life. Studies have suggested that functional impairments in cognitive control associated brain circuitry contribute to a broad range of higher cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. To examine this issue, we assessed functional connectivity networks in healthy adults and individuals with schizophrenia performing tasks from two distinct cognitive domains that varied in demands for cognitive control, the RiSE episodic memory task and DPX goal maintenance task. We characterized general and cognitive control-specific effects of schizophrenia on functional connectivity within an expanded frontal parietal network (FPN) and quantified network topology properties using graph analysis. Using the network based statistic (NBS), we observed greater network functional connectivity in cognitive control demanding conditions during both tasks in both groups in the FPN, and demonstrated cognitive control FPN specificity against a task independent auditory network. NBS analyses also revealed widespread connectivity deficits in schizophrenia patients across all tasks. Furthermore, quantitative changes in network topology associated with diagnostic status and task demand were observed. The present findings, in an analysis that was limited to correct trials only, ensuring that subjects are on task, provide critical insights into network connections crucial for cognitive control and the manner in which brain networks reorganize to support such control. Impairments in this mechanism are present in schizophrenia and these results highlight how cognitive control deficits contribute to the pathophysiology of this illness.
Mass, Energy, and Momentum Flux Analysis of a Bendway Weir

AbstractBendway weirs are hydraulic control structures found in watercourses that range in scale from small streams to large rivers. They are designed to be submerged, broad-crested weirs, typicall...
71 Promoting bike helmet use among urban youth: development, implementation and evaluation of brief video

Purpose Bicycle helmet use has increased in the past three decades, but roughly only half of all cyclists wear helmets. Use is lowest among minority children, among children whose parents have less than a high school education and among poor children. Methods We conducted focus groups with urban youth aged 8 to 15 to better understand their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to helmet use, and to solicit their preferences for a video to promote helmet use to urban youth. We partnered with students from two urban schools to produce a 4 min promotional video. Finally, we tested the impact of the video coupled with receipt of a free helmet and proper fit instructions with families attending a paediatric well-child care clinic in our city. Results Two focus groups were completed with a total of 11 youth in November 2016. Several important themes emerged that informed the video, including that youth were responsible for keeping themselves safe and that most youth had cell phones (and used cases to protect them). A video script was finalised in February 2017 that asked youth why they protect their phones but not their heads/brains with a helmet. We will enrol at least 25 parent-child dyads in our full intervention: viewing video, receiving helmet and fit instruction, and completing baseline and two follow up surveys. The pilot will be completed by September 2017. Conclusions Soliciting information from urban youth is important to developing an effective and persuasive bike helmet promotion video. Significance We must develop persuasive and creative ways to encourage urban youth to wear helmets to reduce bike related injury disparities.
Resilient SDN-Based Communication in Vehicular Network

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the key component of intelligent transportation system (ITS) for various services like road safety and traffic efficiency. However, current VANET architectures provide less flexibility and scalability for vehicle-to-vehicle communication because of static underlying network infrastructure. Based on the software defined networking (SDN), open programmable networks through logically centralized control, this paper proposes a VANET monitoring system to provide a resilient and efficient routing for better services for communication between vehicles. It also provides the secure channels between the SDN controller and the network devices for reliable communication. Experimental results show that our proposed system selects the best path according less network latency in VANET.
Elementary Classes and Elementary Equivalence

We now investigate the basic notions of first-order logic. We shall give mathematical characterizations of elementary classes due to Fraisse, Ehrenfeucht, and Keisler and Shelah. The fundamental results of first-order logic are distinguished from more general languages by a theorem of Lindstrom.
Oral health of ambulatory care patients.

Objectives This project assessed the clinical oral health status of Veterans Administration (VA) patients and examined the relationship between oral health and both sociodemographic factors and dental care utilization. Methods Data were collected on 538 users of VA ambulatory medical care. Oral health was assessed by clinical examinations, and dental use and sociodemographic information are based on self-report. Results Younger, more educated VA patients with higher incomes had more teeth, fewer untreated and treated root caries, and were less likely to be edentulous or to have dentures. Dental utilization emerged as the most important aspect of veterans' oral health status, even after sociodemographic factors were controlled. Compared with the general population, veterans have poorer oral health with the exception of coronal caries. Conclusion Compared with national studies, VA patients appear to have worse oral health. The importance of sociodemographic factors and dental utilization that has been found in other studies applies to veterans' oral health as well.
Abstract 438: Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through the Regulation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) possesses numerous cellular actions that account for its cardioprotective effects. A mechanism of particular interest is its effects on the mitochondria. At low c...
Spatial modulation of laser sources for microstructural control of additively manufactured metals

Abstract Metal powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM), while demonstrating great potential across a diverse application space, still lacks the necessary control to obtain parts that meet strict performance-driven criteria. In this work, we explore spatial laser modulation to enhance the properties and processability of AM metals. Experiments are carried out with the goals of demonstrating control of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition, identify methods to reduce surface roughness, and extend processing windows for AM alloys. Results show that beam modulation provides site-specific microstructural control, and these results are interpreted using finite element modeling of the melt pool dynamics and thermal profiles.
Severed images: Women, the Algerian War of Independence and the mobile documentary idea

During the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62), conflicts over the meaning of appearances, particularly in relation to the bodies of Algerian women, were a major locus for political conflict, subterfuge and violence. As demonstrated in the most famous representation of the war, Gillo Pontecorvo’s widely celebrated film La bataille d’Alger (Pontecorvo, 1966), the strategic use of the veil and of unveiling was the mechanism that produced the Algerian woman as insurgent. What the eyes (or camera) saw was not always to be believed and nor was visual appearance akin, in any straightforward way, to truth. Drawing on key historical examples, including La bataille d’Alger, Marc Garanger’s Femmes algeriennes 1960 (1960) and Assia Djebar’s 1979 essay ‘Regard interdit, son coupe’, as well as Zineb Sedira’s contemporary film installation Gardiennes d’images (2010), this article proposes a theory of the documentary image in light of the political complexities over vision and appearance that have continued to haunt the historical representation of Algerian women. Placing an emphasis on the circulation of images and the mobility of meaning, the argument stresses communities of political belief rather than visual truth in establishing documentary meaning.
Telephone-based opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) pharmacy consult clinic.

Objectives: To implement a telephone-based pharmacy driven clinic and increase access to opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) in an effort to reduce opioid mortality across th...
Hindsight Bias and Outcome Bias

Hudson was a 45-year-old man who awoke with a slight headache, right-sided weakness, and trouble finding the “right words.” An MRI, revealed a lesion in the basal ganglia on the left (Fig. 1).
Understanding behavioral aspects of financial planning and investing

Understanding fundamental human tendencies can help financial planners and advisers recognize behaviors that may interfere with clients achieving their long-term goals. The authors describe several well-established behavioral biases and suggest how to overcome them.
Cost-effectiveness of integrating buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for opioid use disorder into clinical care for persons with HIV/hepatitis C co-infection who inject opioids.

Abstract Background Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) affects the care of HIV/HCV co-infected people who inject opioids. Despite active injection opioid use, there is evidence of increasing engagement in HIV care and adherence to HIV medications among HIV/HCV co-infected persons. However, less than one-half of this population is offered HCV treatment onsite. Treatment for OUD is also rare and largely occurs offsite. Integrating buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) into onsite care for HIV/HCV co-infected persons may improve outcomes, but the clinical impact and costs are unknown. We evaluated the clinical impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of integrating (BUP-NX) into onsite HIV/HCV treatment compared with the status quo of offsite referral for medications for OUD. Methods We used a Monte Carlo microsimulation of HCV to compare two strategies for people who inject opioids: 1) standard HIV care with onsite HCV treatment and referral to offsite OUD care (status quo) and 2) standard HIV care with onsite HCV and BUP-NX treatment (integrated care). Both strategies assume that all individuals are already in HIV care. Data from national databases, clinical trials, and cohorts informed model inputs. Outcomes included mortality, HCV reinfection, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs (2017 US dollars), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results Integrated care reduced HCV reinfections by 7%, cases of cirrhosis by 1%, and liver-related deaths by 3%. Compared to the status quo, this strategy also resulted in an estimated 11/1,000 fewer non-liver attributable deaths at one year and 28/1,000 fewer of these deaths at five years, at a cost-effectiveness ratio of $57,100/QALY. Integrated care remained cost-effective in sensitivity analyses that varied the proportion of the population actively injecting opioids, availability of BUP-NX, and quality of life weights. Conclusions Integrating BUP-NX for OUD into treatment for HIV/HCV co-infected adults who inject opioids increases life expectancy and is cost-effective at a $100,000/QALY threshold.
Using Statistical Methods and Co-Simulation to Evaluate ADS-Equipped Vehicle Trustworthiness

With the increasing interest in studying Automated Driving System (ADS)-equipped vehicles through simulation, there is a growing need for comprehensive and agile middleware to provide novel Virtual Analysis (VA) functions of ADS-equipped vehicles towards enabling a reliable representation for pre-deployment test. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Universal Cyber-physical systems Environment for Federation (UCEF) is such a VA environment. It provides Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) capable of ensuring synchronized interactions across multiple simulation platforms such as LabVIEW, OMNeT++, Ricardo IGNITE, and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. UCEF can aid engineers and researchers in understanding the impact of different constraints associated with complex cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this work UCEF is used to produce a simulated Operational Domain Design (ODD) for ADS-equipped vehicles where control (drive cycle/speed pattern), sensing (obstacle detection, traffic signs and lights), and threats (unusual signals, hacked sources) are represented as UCEF federates to simulate a drive cycle and to feed it to vehicle dynamics simulators (e.g. OpenModelica or Ricardo IGNITE) through the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI). In this way we can subject the vehicle to a wide range of scenarios, collect data on the resulting interactions, and analyze those interactions using metrics to understand trustworthiness impact. Trustworthiness is defined here as in the NIST Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems, and is comprised of system reliability, resiliency, safety, security, and privacy. The goal of this work is to provide an example of an experimental design strategy using Fractional Factorial Design for statistically assessing the most important safety metrics in ADS-equipped vehicles.