cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacterial serine proteases secreted by the autotransporter pathway: classification, specificity, and role in virulence

Serine proteases exist in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and have emerged during evolution as the most abundant and functionally diverse group. In Gram-negative bacteria, there is a growing family of high molecular weight serine proteases secreted to the external milieu by a fascinating and widely employed bacterial secretion mechanism, known as the autotransporter pathway. They were initially found in Neisseria, Shigella, and pathogenic Escherichiacoli, but have now also been identified in Citrobacterrodentium, Salmonella, and Edwardsiella species. Here, we focus on proteins belonging to the serine protease autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) family. Recent findings regarding the predilection of serine proteases to host intracellular or extracellular protein-substrates involved in numerous biological functions, such as those implicated in cytoskeleton stability, autophagy or innate and adaptive immunity, have helped provide a better understanding of SPATEs’ contributions in pathogenesis. Here, we discuss their classification, substrate specificity, and potential roles in pathogenesis.
Innovation, Quality Engineering, and Statistics

We discuss the key roles of statistics and quality engineering in the innovation process in business and industry. We review approaches that can be used in order to increase the chances of innovative discoveries. Most important, we stress the necessity for the quality engineering community to strengthen and promote its role in innovation. As Bisgaard (2006) has said, we should reframe much of what we do as systematic innovation. Adapting to the changing business and economic climate can revitalize our profession; failure to adapt threatens it.
Determining the effects of vapor sorption in polymers with the quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimeter

The quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimeter (QCM/HCC) is a versatile instrument coupling both gravimetric and calorimetric techniques. The QCM/HCC is used to probe vapor sorption in thin films. Three parameters are measured simultaneously as a thin film undergoes vapor sorption, namely: mass changes in the film (±10 ng), corresponding thermal effects upon vapor sorption (±100 nW), and motional resistance (±0.5Ω) changes within the film. A range of film thicknesses (0.75 to 8.5 μm) of the polymer, Tecoflex are cast on QCMs and the interaction of each film with ethanol and water is determined. From the direct calorimetric measurements, sorption enthalpies (Δ sorpton H kJ/mol) are determined for the film-vapor interactions. Sorption isotherms are then analyzed for each film. The isotherms shown here generally display a linear Henry's Law dissolution relationship between the vapor pressure and the amount of vapor sorbed into the film. Motional resistance data provides a window to view viscoelastic effects of the polymer films upon vapor sorption. Motional resistance data are compared for ethanol sorption in a relatively thin (0.75 μm) and thicker (8.5 μm) Tecoflex film.
What's in a Word? Language Constructs Emotion Perception

In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that concepts represented in language are used to create a perception of emotion from the constant ebb and flow of other people’s facial muscle movements. In this “construction hypothesis,” (cf. Gendron, Lindquist, Barsalou, & Barrett, 2012) (see also Barrett, 2006b; Barrett, Lindquist, & Gendron, 2007; Barrett, Mesquita, & Gendron, 2011), language plays a constitutive role in emotion perception because words ground the otherwise highly variable instances of an emotion category. We demonstrate that language plays a constitutive role in emotion perception by discussing findings from behavior, neuropsychology, development, and neuroimaging. We close by discussing implications of a constructionist view for the science of emotion.
From whence comes mental illness stigma

Background: This paper seeks to answer two fundamental questions: What is the basis of the current form of mental illness stigma? and Why do western cultures stereotype people with mental illness a...
On the regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in yeast.

Abstract The DNA and RNA contents of a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured during aerobic growth on various media. The ratio of RNA DNA was found to be a function of the growth rate. A comparison of a haploid strain with a series of polyploid cultures grown under the same conditions revealed that the RNA DNA and RNA/protein ratios were ploidy-independent. rRNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that a constant percentage of the genome (2.4%) was homologous to ribosomal RNA. No evidence for specific rRNA gene amplification was found.
Deficient L-ornithine: 2-oxoacid aminotransferase activity in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with gyrate atrophy of the retina

Abstract Gyrate atrophy of the retina is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a specific progressive retinal degeneration and increased urine and plasma ornithine. This study demonstrates a deficiency of L-ornithine: 2-oxoacid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) activity in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with this disease.
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF SODIUM CYANIDE IN BIRDS

Sensitivities of six avian species, black vulture (Coragyps atratus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus), eastern screech-owl (Otus asio), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), to acute poisoning by sodium cyanide (NaCN) were compared by single dose LD50's. Three species, domestic chickens, black vultures, and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), were dosed with NaCN to determine cyanide residues in those that died and also in survivors, in addition to postmortem fate. Three flesh-eating species (black vulture, American kestrel, and eastern screech-owl; LD50's 4.0-8.6 mg/kg) were more sensitive to NaCN than three species (Japanese quail, domestic chicken, and European starling; LD50's 9.4-21 mg/kg) that fed predominantly on plant material. Elevated concentrations of cyanide were found in the blood of birds that died of cyanide poisoning; however, concentrations in birds that died overlapped those in survivors. Blood was superior to liver as the tissue of choice for detecting cyanide exposure. No gross pathological changes related to dosing were observed at necropsy.
Children's perception of ‘aesthetic’ properties of the arts: Domain-specific or pan-artistic?

A method is presented for examining perceptual development in the arts and a study based on this methodology is reported. The purpose of the study was to chart the developmental course of perceptual skills used in the arts and to investigate whether these skills generalize across art forms and aesthetic properties or are ‘art-form-specific’ and/or ‘property-specific’. The sensitivity of 7-, 9- and 12-year-olds to three aesthetic properties (repleteness, expression and composition) was investigated in three art forms (drawing, music and literature). Sensitivity to aesthetic properties increased with age. Ability to perceive aesthetic properties in one art form did not predict ability to perceive these same properties in another art form (supporting the ‘art-form-specific’ position). In much the same way, ability to perceive one aesthetic property of an art form did not predict ability to perceive another aesthetic property in the same art form (supporting the ‘property-specific’ position). These results suggest that young children do not attend fully to aesthetic properties of adult works of art and that aesthetic perception develops property by property, and domain by domain. Aesthetic perception appears to emerge as not one skill but many.
Effect of age and sex on the development of neoplasms in wistar rats receiving a single intragastric instillation of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene

Wistar rats of different age and sex received a single intragastric instillation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). During the following 16 months, 136 of 284 rats developed 182 tumors, of which half were malignant. Among 98 untreated controls, 8 rats developed tumors, of which 4 were malignant. Among the youngest groups (8–15 days) exposed to DMBA, fibroadenoma of the breast in females and subcutaneous sarcoma in both sexes were the most frequent. Among young adult females (6–8 weeks), mammary carcinoma predominated; older females (26 weeks) had less breast tumors. Among adult males, epidermoid carcinoma and papilloma of the skin were most frequent. Castration suppressed development of breast cancer.
Electron microscopy of RNA strands released from individual Reovirus particles.

Abstract A gradual release of double-stranded RNA occurred after the spreading of reovirus particles on urea in the cold. Electron microscopy of virus-protein monolayers showed that each virion expelled about 11 fragments of 8.3 μ, maximum total length. This gives an estimated RNA molecular weight between 17 and 22 million daltons per virion. The length distribution of the fragments was trimodal, with peaks at 0.38, 0.66 and 1.13 μ, but there was large variation of filament lengths in each peak.
It’s not all about her: Men’s mate value and mate retention

Men may have evolved psychological mechanisms that motivate mate retention behaviors to prevent their partners from being sexually unfaithful or defecting from the relationship because these events are likely to have inflicted reproductive costs on males over human evolutionary history. In the current research, 235 women provided information about their own and their long-term partners’ mate value relative to alternatives, as well as information about their partners’ mate retention behaviors. Men’s mate value is a better predictor of men’s mate retention behaviors than is women’s mate value. Specifically, men of higher mate value perform more benefit-provisioning and fewer cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors than men of lower mate value. The discussion notes limitations and highlights directions for future research.
Optimum structural design of robotic manipulators with fiber reinforced composite materials

High-speed robotic arms with advanced structural characteristics can be fabricated from optimally tailored fiber reinforced composites. An integrated design methodology is presented for the optimal structural synthesis of composite robotic manipulators. Optimum configurations of ply angles and ply thicknesses are predicted for maximum structural end-effector stiffness and maximum end-effector load carrying capacity, without altering the geometric dimensions of the links. Multiple posture finite element-based static performance criteria are implemented. A new finite element has been developed for the modeling of tubular composite links. Unique features are the inclusion of shear effects and coupling between stretching and flexure. Numerical solutions are obtained via an efficient optimization algorithm. Applications to an existing SCARA-class manipulator illustrate the effectiveness of the method and demonstrate the dramatic influence of the multi-postural design criteria on the optimal design. For a filament wound structure using a high strength carbon fiber in a thermoplastic matrix, the resultant optimum ply configurations have increased the specific stiffness and specific load capacity by factors of 1.5 and 16, respectively, in comparison to identically sized aluminum links.
A Bayesian spatio‐temporal approach for real‐time detection of disease outbreaks: a case study

For researchers and public health agencies, the complexity of high–dimensional spatio–temporal data in surveillance for large reporting networks presents numerous challenges, which include low signal–to–noise ratios, spatial and temporal dependencies, and the need to characterize uncertainties. Central to the problem in the context of disease outbreaks is a decision structure that requires trading off false positives for delayed detections. In this paper we apply a previously developed Bayesian hierarchical model to a data set from the Indiana Public Health Emergency Surveillance System (PHESS) containing three years of emergency department visits for influenza–like illness and respiratory illness. Among issues requiring attention were selection of the underlying network (Too few nodes attenuate important structure, while too many nodes impose barriers to both modeling and computation.); ensuring that confidentiality protections in the data do not impede important modeling day of week effects; and evaluating the performance of the model. Our results show that the model captures salient spatio–temporal dynamics that are present in public health surveillance data sets, and that it appears to detect both “annual” and “atypical” outbreaks in a timely, accurate manner. We present maps that help make model output accessible and comprehensible to public health authorities. We use an illustrative family of decision rules to show how output from the model can be used to inform false positive–delayed detection tradeoffs. The advantages of our methodology for addressing the complicated issues of real world surveillance data applications are three–fold. We can easily incorporate additional covariate information and spatio–temporal dynamics in the data. Second, we furnish a unified framework to provide uncertainties associated with each parameter. Third, we are able to handle multiplicity issues by using a Bayesian approach. The urgent need to quickly and effectively monitor the health of the public makes our methodology a potentially plausible and useful surveillance approach for health professionals.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) expression is regulated by multiple neural differentiation signals.

Neuronal differentiation requires exquisitely timed cell cycle arrest for progenitors to acquire an appropriate neuronal cell fate and is achieved by communication between soluble signals, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. Here we report that the expression of TIMP-2, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, is up-regulated by signals that control proliferation (bFGF and EGF) and differentiation (retinoic acid and NGF) in neural progenitor and neuroblastoma cell lines. TIMP-2 expression coincides with the appearance of neurofilament-positive neurons, indicating that TIMP-2 may play a role in neurogenesis. The up-regulation of TIMP-2 expression by proliferate signals suggests a role in the transition from proliferation to neuronal differentiation. Live labeling experiments demonstrate TIMP-2 expression only on α3 integrin-positive cells. Thus, TIMP-2 function may be mediated via interaction with integrin receptor(s). We propose that TIMP-2 represents a component of the neurogenic signaling cascade induced by mitogenic stimuli that may withdraw progenitor cells from the cell cycle permitting their terminal neuronal differentiation.
Tear Strengths of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Networks Reinforced with in-Situ Precipitated Silica

The tear strengths of in-situ filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks were investigated using “trouser-tear” tests. The filled PDMS networks were prepared by the simultaneous curing and in-situ precipitation technique, the silica reinforcing phase being obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane present in excess of that required for the chain end-linking process. Transmission electron micrographs showed well-dispersed and unagglomerated silica particles, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the silica particles gave some improvements in thermal stability. In the tearing tests, “stick-slip” tearing was observed at higher rates, especially for the filled networks. The tear strengths were found to increase with increase in the amount of silica incorporated, with the largest increases occurring at the low silica contents.
Laser probing of nascent gaseous product species formed in chemical reactions on surfaces

A review of research conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory illustrates the unique advantages of using lasers to probe the newly formed gaseous products from chemical reactions on surfaces. Examples to be discussed are taken from the areas of catalytic reactions, silicon etching, and surface photochemistry. UHV experiments on the catalytic oxidation of H2, D2, and NH3 by 02 and of H2 by NO2 used the laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure the apparent desorption energies of OH radicals and the rotational energy accommodation of the desorbing OH, OD, and NO reaction products. The observed different degrees of "rotational cooling" in the different products are discussed. In multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (MPI/MS) experiments, spectroscopies of three different MPI processes for the SiF2 radical were studied and two of these were applied to the study of silicon etching by XeF2, F2, and NF3. The only observed gaseous products were SiF4 and the SiF2 radical and their apparent production energies correlated with the ease of surface fluorine atom production. In the area of surface photochemistry, an excimer laser was used to photolyze iodobenzene, trimethylgallium, and trimethylindium adsorbed on a cold surface. The time-of-flight spectra of the fragments or reaction products were measured by using a mass spectrometer equipped with MPI or electron ionization (El).
Active plasmonic devices based on ordered Au nanodisk arrays

This paper demonstrates an active plasmonic device that is based on an ordered array of Au nanodisks embedded in photoresponsive liquid crystals (LCs). The switch utilizes the photo-induced phase transition of azobenzene-doped LCs, a transition that results in different refractive indices of the LCs experienced by incident light. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanodisks depends on the refractive index of the disks' surroundings. Because of this dependence, a change in refractive index of the LCs causes the LSPR to shift and thereby generates the switching effects. Discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations of the LSPR shifts are also presented.
A reconfigurable SITITO boost/buck regulator with sub-threshold cross-regulation-free dual-mode control for energy-harvesting applications

This paper describes a reconfigurable single-inductor triple-input triple-output regulator that is able to obtain power from three independent sources and provide multiple output regulations for energy-harvesting applications. A sub-threshold dual-mode controller can minimize power dissipation, avoid cross regulation between outputs, and provide predictable output noise spectrum. Implemented in a standard 0.35µm CMOS, the proposed regulator provides high power efficiency over a wide load range from 0.3mW to 42mW with the peak power efficiency of 88%.
Bacterial Antigen Activation of Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T Cells of Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Vδ2 γδ T cells are readily activated by microbial antigens. In persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the number of γδ T cells remains the same or increases in association with reversal of the Vδ2/Vδ1 ratio from ≥l to <1. Vδ2 T cell responses to microbial antigens were tested in 11 HIV-1-infected (≥500 CD4 cells/mm 3 ) and 7 uninfected persons. In persons with HIV-1 infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis expanded Vδ2 cells in 1 person as did Salmonella typhimurium in 4; however, Candida albicans antigens did not lead to more Vδ2 cells. Vδ2 responses to M. tuberculosis were enhanced by interleukin (IL)-2 in HIV-1-infected persons (from 1 subject to 7; P <.01) and were associated with increased interferon-γ production. Bacterial antigens and IL-2 increased HIV-I replication; M. tuberculosis antigens induced the greatest increase. Thus, in HIV-1-infected persons with ≥ 500 CD4 cells/mm 3 , Vδ2 T cell responses to bacterial antigens remain intact.
Scenario-based analysis of an agent-based architecture for health care decision support systems

Recent years have seen an increased amount of interest in decision support applications in the health care field. However, the development of such applications has been hindered by many barriers including lack of timely access to data and applications. We present three alternative agent based architectures for DSS applications that will facilitate: the delivery and maintenance of treatment guidelines; the establishment and maintenance of inter organizational repositories; and the execution of prospective and retrospective outcomes studies. A scenario based analysis methodology is used to evaluate these alternative architectures.
The Mediator complex in thyroid hormone receptor action.

Abstract Background Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit complex that plays an essential regulatory role in eukaryotic transcription of protein-encoding genes. The human complex was first isolated as a transcriptional coactivator bound to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and has since been shown to play a key coregulatory role for a broad range of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) as well as other signal-activated transcription factors. Scope of review We provide a general overview of Mediator structure and function, summarize the mechanisms by which Mediator is targeted to NRs, and outline recent evidence revealing Mediator as a regulatory axis for other distinct coregulatory factors, chromatin modifying enzymes and cellular signal transduction pathways. Major conclusions Besides serving as a functional interface with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery, Mediator plays a more versatile role in regulating transcription including the ability to: a) facilitate gene-specific chromatin looping events; b) coordinate chromatin modification events with preinitiation complex assembly; and c) regulate critical steps that occur during transcriptional elongation. The variably associated MED1 subunit continues to emerge as a pivotal player in Mediator function, not only as the primary interaction site for NRs, but also as a crucial interaction hub for other coregulatory factors, and as an important regulatory target for signal-activated kinases. General significance Mediator plays an integral coregulatory role at NR target genes by functionally interacting with the basal transcription apparatus and by coordinating the action of chromatin modifying enzymes and transcription elongation factors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
41.2: The Effect Of Edge Filtering On Vision Multiplexing

We developed a video filter that produces cartoon-like images consisting of bipolar white and black transitions at luminance edges of the input video, for use in augmented-vision devices. When tested in an inattentional blindness experiment it had no effect on the detectability of unexpected events, but did affect speed of responses to the attended task Response time improved when the unattended scene was filtered and degraded when the attended scene was filtered.
The Ridgelys of Hampton: New Perspectives on Musical Life in Early‐Nineteenth‐Century Baltimore

Abstract For a variety of reasons, musicologists rarely focus on music‐making as an aspect of domestic life. The rich archival material related to the Ridgely family of Hampton, near Towson, Maryland, illustrates and enlivens our picture of domestic music‐making in nineteenth‐century America. An analysis of the documents and artifacts in the Hampton Mansion and, in part, at the Maryland Historical Society reflects on the issue of music and gender. The evidence documents the role and importance of music in various stages of women's lives, the dominance of women in domestic musical culture, the nature of the relationship between professional and amateur musicians, and the generational changes between 1815 and 1845.
Transference and information processing

Abstract The importance of transference has been emphasized by psychodynamically oriented clinicians since Freud. This article examines transference phenomena from an information processing perspective, delineates several different aspects of transference experience, and shows how experimental research documents processes involved in transference. It distinguishes between transference as person schemas/object representations, attachment, schema-triggered affect, interpersonal expectancies, scripts, and defenses, and argues for the importance of making such distinctions. It attempts, further, to demonstrate the clinical utility of examining and working with transference phenomena in the alteration of dysfunctional schemas and maladaptive mechanisms of affect-regulation.
Inlet efficiency study for the TSI aerodynamic particle sizer

We report on the particle sampling efficiency of the inlet system for the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (TSI, Inc., St. Paul MN). Large particles are depleted from the sampled aerosol by two mechanisms: super-isokinetic sampling at the entrance of the inlet, and inertial impaction on the inner nozzle. A fluorometric technique was used to separately characterize these mechanisms. Numerical studies were also performed. The experimental results show that the inlet's overall efficiency drops from around 90% for 3 μm particles to less than 45% for particles larger than 10 μm. Several high efficiency inlets were developed and tested. These inlets provide higher sampling efficiencies, but reduce the instrument's sizing resolution. Measurements of 7.3 μm oleic acid particles with a high efficiency inlet showed a 5% spread in measured diameter at 50% count, while less than a 1% spread was observed using the standard inlet. It was also found that the super-isokinetic condition reduces particle losses on the inner nozzle. The standard inlet is recommended for verifying test aerosol monodispersity. An alternative to the standard inlet is suggested for measurement of size distributions
Clinical safety of serial monthly administrations of gadopentetate dimeglumine in patients with multiple sclerosis: Implications for natural history and early-phase treatment trials

Serial contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played an increasingly important role in understanding natural-history and early-treatment trials of multiple sclerosis patients. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the serial administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine at the conventional dose has any demonstrable effect on routine hematologic or serum chemistries. This study followed 56 patients with multiple sclerosis in a longitudinal natural-history trial using contrast-enhanced MRI scans over a four-year period between 1988 and 1993. Patients received between 3 and 53 doses of gadopentetate dimeglumine at 0.1 mmol/kg intravenously. A retrospective review of regular blood screening tests over this period identified no significant effect either on routine hematologic studies, as defined by complete blood count (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and white blood cell counts, and mean corpuscular volume); standard serum chemistry studies, including electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) and renal and liver function tests; or serum iron profiles. We conclude, therefore, that serial contrast-enhanced MRIs can be used safely as an outcome measure for Phase I/II evaluations of new therapies for multiple sclerosis.
Monoamines and seizures: microdialysis findings in locus ceruleus and amygdala before and during amygdala kindling.

Abstract We used microdialysis to determine extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) before and during a 1-day amygdala kindling paradigm. Subjects were young cats ( n =8; 6 female, 2 male). Consecutive 5-min samples (2 μl/min infusion rate) were obtained from left amygdala and ipsilateral locus ceruleus complex (LC) under 3 experimental conditions lasting 1-h each ( n =12 samples per cat per condition): (1) just before amygdala stimulation (baseline), (2) during focal afterdischarge (AD) and (3) during generalized AD. ADs were elicited by electrical stimulation applied to establish thresholds immediately before dialysate collection as well as during each sample collected in focal vs. generalized AD conditions. Sample concentrations were time-adjusted to correspond with sleep vs. waking state and/or focal vs. generalized ADs. Seizure activity was indexed by AD threshold (mA) and duration (s) as well as number and duration of specific clinically evident (behavioral) seizure manifestations. Main results were: (1) Lower baseline concentrations (fmoles per sample) of NE, DA and 5-HT correlated with subsequent increases in duration of focal and generalized AD as well as number of behavioral seizure correlates. (2) When compared to baseline levels, NE, DA and 5-HT concentrations significantly increased only in amygdala during focal AD and in both amygdala and LC during generalized AD. (3) NE and 5-HT concentrations were higher than DA at both collection sites and were selectively associated with increased wakefulness throughout the study.
Loneliness in a Maximum-Security Forensic Hospital: An Experience Sampling Analysis:

This study investigated correlates of loneliness in 25 incarcerated psychiatric patients in a maximum-security hospital to clarify relations between loneliness and other contextual and interpersonal variables. Forensic inpatients reported the greatest frequency of loneliness and negative emotional states when they were alone. Significant positive correlations were found between reported loneliness and subjective variables such as rejection, helplessness, worthlessness, and anxiety. A significant negative correlation was found between reported loneliness and sociability. Patients reported the greatest frequency of loneliness during leisure-type activities. Leisure time was filled with activities, such as television watching, that did not make people feel sociable but instead fostered negative emotional states. The findings indicate that activities that are goal-directed and enhance sense of worth decrease feelings of helplessness and worthlessness. Unexpectedly, reported loneliness was not related to any o...
Addressing Organizational Issues into the Evaluation of Medical Systems

New system design and evaluation methodologies are being developed to address social, organizational, political, and other non-technological issues in medical informatics. This paper describes a social interactionist framework for researching these kinds of organizational issues, based on research within medical informatics and other disciplines over the past 20 years. It discusses how effective evaluation strategies may be undertaken to address organizational issues concerning computer information systems in medicine and health care. The paper begins with a theoretical framework for evaluation. It then describes the 4Cs of evaluation: communication, care, control, and context. Five methodological guidelines are given for conducting comprehensive evaluations that address these 4Cs. An example of an evaluation research design that fits the guidelines and was used in an evaluation of an on-line clinical imaging system is discussed. Results of the evaluation study illustrate how this approach addresses organizational concerns and the 4Cs.
An integrative review of intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men : Correlates of victimization and development of a conceptual framework

Dans cet article, l'A se penche sur la violence domestique dans les relations homosexuelles masculines. L'A analyse plusieurs determinants en lien avec cette forme de violence telles que les drogues, le VIH/SIDA, la sante mentale, l'homophobie...Et propose un cadre d'analyse different de celui de la violence intime chez les heterosexuels afin de pouvoir introduire ce probleme dans le domaine de la sante publique et de la prevention
Scholarly elites orient left, irrespective of academic affiliation

Abstract I substantiate a parsimonious delineation between liberals and conservatives: liberals demonstrate greater consideration toward the less represented, whether the less represented constitute minority demographic segments or alternatives to orthodoxy. Highly intelligent individuals are more likely to engage in both kinds of consideration toward the less represented because of their greater tendencies to perceive an external control ideology, to empathize and to trust. I argue that, contrary to Carl (2015), the liberal prevalence in academia is not attributable to bias by discrimination or self-selection. I also review evidence that scholarly elites orient predominately toward the left, irrespective of academic affiliation, and I introduce additional evidence supporting this point. Carl (2015) argued that a U-shaped relationship between intelligence and Democratic Party affiliation was unreflective of a general relationship between intelligence and leftism due to the Democratic Party's economic centrism on a global scale. However, a similar, U-shaped relationship is obtained from data from multiple countries. Additionally, the empirical findings presented by Carl (2015) and others demonstrate a U-shaped relationship between intelligence and liberal positions across many issues and establish the turning point of the U-shaped curve relating intelligence and left-wing party (and ideological) affiliation in the United States to occur at roughly the 80th intelligence percentile. While Carl (2015) acknowledged accordance with Solon (2014) on many non-economic and economic results, Carl (2015) presented data for some economic issues in support of an apparent association between intelligence and non-left-wing positions, for which I present four explanations that are consistent with a general correlation between intelligence and prosociality.
Analysis of Rotation Accompanying Shoulder Flexion

For effective rehabilitation of the shoulder, physical therapists must have correct knowledge of shoulder motion. Reports conflict on whether medial or lateral rotation of the humerus accompanies shoulder flexion. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between flexion and rotation at the glenohumeral joint. We determined rotation that accompanied active shoulder flexion by using a universal full-circle goniometer and an adjustable wooden bracket that served as a base for a gravity-activated angle finder. Therapists performed passive shoulder flexion with the humerus held allowing no rotation and then held in medial or lateral rotation. We used single-tailed t tests to determine analysis. We found significant differences (p less than .01) between the amount of shoulder rotation accompanying active shoulder flexion between men and women. Medial rotation of the shoulder accompanied active flexion in all subjects. Physical therapists should consider these results when the goal of treatment is to increase shoulder flexion.
8. Different Mapping Systems and Approaches for Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Fibrosis and scarring in the left atrium (LA) remote from the pulmonary vein (PV) ostia may promote fibrillatory conduction and contribute to the late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following PV isolation. Electroanatomical maps (median 68 sites/pt) of the LA were generated in sinus rhythm prior to wide area circumferential PV isolation alone in 58 pts with paroxysmal or persistent AF. Sites were excluded from analysis if within the area of subsequent circumferential ablation. The Scar Index was defined as the proportion of total LA sites with a bipolar voltage ≤ 0.50 mv. The mean Scar Index was 12.5±9% in AF pts compared to 1.3±1% in 8 normal controls with no history of AF. During a mean follow-up of 7±3 mo, 9/58 pts (16%) had late recurrence of AF. In pts with a Scar Index ≥18%, 5/10 (50%) had recurrent AF compared to 4/48 pts (8%) with a Scar Index <18% (p=0.005). Among 10 clinical variables, multivariate analysis identified the Scar Index as the strongest predictor of AF recurrence (p=0.007), along with greater LA dimensions (p=0.023) and lower ejection fraction (p=0.084). The extent of LA scarring outside the region of the PV ostia is a powerful predictor of AF recurrence in pts undergoing circumferential PV isolation alone, and identifies a subgroup that may benefit from additional interventions.
Capitalism, Culture and Catastrophe: Lawrence Levine and the Opening of Cultural History

Although I never had the good fortune to be Lawrence W. Levine's student, I have taken away so much from his work over the years that it feels as if I had been. I think of myself as one of the many anonymous graduates of the correspondence school that Levine, unbeknownst to himself, has conducted over the past several decades with readers of his work. By "correspondence" I mean to suggest the lively internal dialogue-the questions, ripostes, and epiphanies-that all great historical writing and thinking stimulates in the reader. "Writing," Levine has said (quoting the eighteenth-century novelist Laurence Sterne), "is but a different name for conversation," and everything that he has written in his long and rich career has honored this conviction. Personable and direct, Lawrence Levine's prose-his essays above all-invite the reader to join the discussion that is American history and to appreciate its many rhythms and accents.' But at a deeper level, "correspondence" also means for me the resonances or resemblances that one detects between the rich and robust cultural worlds that Levine has
Balancing the ticket while appealing to the base: The game theory behind Mitt Romney’s selection of Paul Ryan as his presidential running mate

Our paper addresses why a moderate presidential candidate would select an extreme running mate, as was the case in the 2012 US presidential election. To address this question, we designed a one-dimensional policy game in which a moderate challenger uses their vice-presidential candidate as a policy tool to alter the median voter participating in the election. Our main conclusion is that the median voter is altered through a mobilization effect, by increasing own party turnout through the convincing of the more extreme segment of a party to participate in the election, rather than altering the voter’s decision to vote for a particular candidate. This decision function only has a marginal effect on independent voters. Our conclusion is in line with recent empirical advances in the literature and our paper aims to more formally ground these advancements in theory. We developed a set of comparative statics to apply the theory of running mate selection more broadly, germane beyond the case of the 2012 presiden...
Comparative study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression

Objective:To compare the efficacy and side effects of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Methods:80 patients with depression were randomly assigned to venlafaxine group and fluoxetine group for 6 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),and the side effects were evaluated with treatment emergent symptoms scale(TESS).Results: The total score of HAMD in venlafaxine group was significantly lower than that in fluoxetine group after one-week and two-week treatment.No significant differences were found in clinical efficacy and side effects between two groups.Conclusions: Both venlafaxine and fluoxetine are effective antidepressants with fewer side effect.However,venlafaxine took effect more quickly.
Study and Application of Infrared Thermal Imaging Remote Central Monitoring Technology

In order to overcome disadvantages of high bandwidth of the disposal and transmission of infrared remote monitoring all digital temperature measurement data.The infrared remote monitoring device is modified.A point-to-point transmission method for sample values is proposed,and the transmission format is regulated.The monitoring platform designed by control mode can control video and image and data exchange and finally realize the share,display and diagnosis of infrared thermal video,image and data status information.Results of practical application show that the proposed technology can detect overheat defect of electrical equipment in substation and realize the purpose of remote monitoring and warning.
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Clinical Approach and Management

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of chronic, autoimmune conditions affecting primarily the proximal muscles. The most common types are dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM), and sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Patients typically present with sub-acute to chronic onset of proximal weakness manifested by difficulty with rising from a chair, climbing stairs, lifting objects, and combing hair. They are uniquely identified by their clinical presentation consisting of muscular and extramuscular manifestations. Laboratory investigations, including increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and myositis specific antibodies (MSA) may help in differentiating clinical phenotype and to confirm the diagnosis. However, muscle biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. These disorders are potentially treatable with proper diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Goals of treatment are to eliminate inflammation, restore muscle performance, reduce morbidity, and improve quality of life. This review aims to provide a basic diagnostic approach to patients with suspected IIM, summarize current therapeutic strategies, and provide an insight into future prospective therapies.
Hemodynamic monitoring for 24 h in unanesthetized rats

A new technique is described that allows minute-to-minute recordings of cardiac output and arterial pressure in unanesthetized rats for periods of 24 h and longer. Rats were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and arterial catheters. An electrical and hydraulic swivel was interposed between the rat and recording apparatus to allow free range of movement. Data were collected and analyzed once each minute by computer. Average 24-h values (mean +/- SD) for the following hemodynamic variables were determined in eight rats [expressed where appropriate as a function of body weight (BW)]: cardiac output (98.1 +/- 14.7 ml/min), cardiac index (29.2 +/- 4.4 ml.min-1.100 g BW-1), mean arterial pressure (92.5 +/- 7.8 mmHg), heart rate (347 +/- 45 beats/min), peak aortic flow (403 +/- 32 ml/min), stroke volume (282 +/- 26 microliters), stroke volume index (84.4 +/- 8.1 microliters/100 g BW), and total peripheral resistance index (3.26 +/- 0.46 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 g BW). These results provide a data base of hemodynamic values for unanesthetized adult, Sprague-Dawley male rats, which has not been previously available. In addition, cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance index demonstrated diurnal variation. Diurnal variation contributed substantially to the overall variance observed within these variables. Hourly variance was also substantial and indicates the use of continuous recordings for short-term experiments.
Effect of cooking on isoflavones, phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity in sprouts of Prosoy soybean (Glycine max).

Soy sprouts possess health benefits and is required to be cooked before consumption. The effects of cooking on the phenolic components and antioxidant properties of soy sprouts with different germination days were investigated. A food-grade cultivar Prosoy with a high protein content was germinated for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d and cooked till palatable for 20, 20, 5, 5, and 7 min, respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), condensed tannins content (CTC), individual phenolic acids, isoflavones, DPPH, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of raw and cooked sprouts were measured. Cooking caused significant losses in phenolic content and antioxidant activities, and maximum loss was on day 3 > 5 > 7, including TPC (32%, 23%, and 15%), TFC (50%, 44%, and 20%), CTC (73%, 47%, and 12%), DPPH (31%, 15%, and 5%), FRAP (34%, 25%, and 1%), and ORAC (34%, 22%, 32%), respectively. Cooking caused significant losses in most individual phenolic acid, benzoic group, cinnamic group, total phenolic composition, individual isoflavones, and total isoflavones. The losses of phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic, syringic, chlorogenic, or sinapic acids during cooking were not compensated by the increases in trihydroxybenzoic, vanillic or coumaric acids on certain days of germination. Cooking caused minimal changes in phenolic acid composition of day 1 and 2 sprouts compared to 3, 5, and 7 d sprouts.
Progestin-only contraceptives: effects on weight.

There is little evidence that progestin-only contraceptives cause weight gain; in this review, mean weight gain was less than 2 kg (4.4 lb) for most studies up to 12 months.
Distribution of arsenic and other metals in crayfish tissues (Procambarus clarkii) under different production practices

Louisiana is one of the world's largest producer of crayfish. Arsenic (As) and other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were determined in crayfish tissues, plant and soil samples collected from Louisiana paddy rice fields, where crayfish/rice rotation farming is a common practice. The samples were collected from November 2013 to April 2014 from three different crayfish farming systems. Concentration of As in rice grain, rice straw, and native vegetation ranged between 0.33 and 0.41, 3.14-4.93, and 3.26-5.89mgkg-1, respectively. The highest As levels in the crayfish external and internal body parts were found in gill (4.04±1.70mgkg-1), followed by hepatopancreas (3.42±1.57mgkg-1), exoskeleton (1.52±0.85mgkg-1), and muscle (1.50±0.69mgkg-1). Positive correlations between As levels in the crayfish muscle and the plant tissue on which they feed were found in all farming systems (r=0.405-0.438). The biomagnification factor (BMF) of As in different tissues varied between 0.29 and 1.08, having gill and hepatopancreas were the highest As accumulation while the lowest biomagnification was observed in crayfish muscle tissues which is a food source for human. The As levels along with other metals in crayfish muscle tissue were in acceptable levels for human consumption under all crayfish/rice rotation practices. Further studies are needed in determining the percentage of organic and inorganic arsenic in crayfish tissue.
Constructive Gauge Theory

Here we provide some insight into mathematical methods to analyze quantized gauge theories. This approach is being used to establish existence as well as to prove properties of gauge field models. Up to now, only abelian gauge fields are known to exist, namely the U(1) Higgs model on ℝ2 and ℝ3 and electrodynamics on the tori T2 and T3. In these lectures we study infrared properties of some of these models. The non-Abelian gauge models are interesting for additional reasons: First, they have a natural geometric interpretation. Furthermore, because of asymptotic freedom, non-Abelian models have better local regularity properties than Abelian theories. Furthermore, they provide a rich analytic structure.
The Dementia Experience: Sociological Observations on the Construction of Cognition in Care Homes

Dementia is a pressing mental health problem with particular prevalence in care homes and other long-term care settings for older persons. Although biomedical knowledge about dementia is advancing rapidly, a cure remains beyond reach, and existing pharmacological treatment options are limited in efficacy and acceptability. Alternative, person-centred care strategies are therefore critically needed to support the quality of life of those living with dementia. Drawing on ethnographic case studies of care homes in the United Kingdom and United States, this chapter describes how the “institutional logics” underpinning care practices in different settings produced divergent “dementia experiences”, regardless of clinical diagnosis. Considering dementia as intersubjective and situated—not just pathological—highlights the potential for certain care strategies to ameliorate or even prevent the distress that is otherwise considered “symptomatic” of disease. The chapter concludes by discussing the significance of institutional logics theory for understanding mental health settings and services more broadly.