cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broadcast confidential and public messages

We consider in this paper a variation of Csiszar and Korner's model of broadcast channels with confidential messages. The transmitter sends both a confidential message and a non-confidential message (herein termed as public message) to receiver 1. While receiver 2 should be kept ignorant from the confidential message, we do not impose the requirement that the public message needs to be perfectly recovered by receiver 2. This more liberal treatment of the non-confidential message is perhaps a more reasonable model than Csiszar and Korner's model where the non-confidential message is required to be decoded by both receivers. Measuring ignorance by equivocation rate Re, a single-letter characterization is given of the achievable triples (R1, Re, Rp) where R1 and Rp are respectively the confidential and public message rates.
Regulation of intracellular glutathione in rat embryos and visceral yolk sacs and its effect on 2-nitrosofluorene-induced malformations in the whole embryo culture system.

Abstract The dysmorphogenic effects of 2-nitrosofluorene (NF) in vitro were modulated in Day 10 rat embryos by agents which regulate intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. The incidence of abnormal axial rotation caused by NF alone increased in a dose-dependent manner at NF concentrations in excess of 25 μ m . No effects were observed at 15 μ m NF and doses of 100 μ m resulted in a 100% incidence of mortality. l -Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, produced malformations (50%) in embryos exposed to 15 μ m NF but produced no additional effects on embryos at higher NF concentrations. BSO treatment alone resulted in a greater than 50% decrease in GSH content in visceral yolk sacs and had a lesser but likewise significant effect (15% decrease) on the GSH content of embryos. Protein content was inversely affected as embryonic levels were increased by 20% and yolk sac levels were unchanged. When BSO was added in combination with NF at the onset of the culture period, embryonic GSH decreased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a relatively low rate of embryonic GSH turnover that could be increased by addition of an exogenous substrate capable of forming adducts with and removing GSH from the cells. 2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC), a compound which is enzymatically modified to provide and additional source of intracellular cysteine and increase GSH synthesis, produced no significant changes in embryonic or yolk sac GSH when added alone to the culture medium. When OTC (5 m m ) was added in combination with NF, however, NF-elicited malformations were eliminated. This was also the case at 100 μ m NF in which OTC not only prevented malformations but completely protected embryos against the loss in viability. The GSH and protein levels were indistinguishable from controls when OTC and NF were added simultaneously except for the 41 μ m NF dose at which a highly significant increase in both embryonic and yolk sac protein was observed. This study clearly demonstrates the potential importance of GSH in the modulation of chemical dysmorphogenesis and provides an important new tool for the study of mechanisms of developmental toxicity.
Electrophoretic and Immunological Analyses of Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) Genotypes and Hybrids

Aqueous extracts from sixty almond samples representing various genotypes and interspecies hybrids of almond, including almond-peach, were analyzed for protein and peptide content using electrophoresis, Western immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nondenaturing nondissociating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (NDND-PAGE) of the aqueous extracts indicated that a single major storage protein (almond major protein − AMP or amandin) dominated the total soluble protein composition. Denaturing SDS−PAGE analyses of the aqueous extracts revealed that the AMP was mainly composed of two sets of polypeptides with estimated molecular masses in the ranges of 38−41 kDa and 20−22 kDa, regardless of the source; however, distinct variations in the intensity and electrophoretic mobility of some bands were noted between samples. In addition to AMP, several minor polypeptides were also present in all the genotypes, and variations were seen in these as well. Regardless of the genotype, AMP was reco...
Sallust’s Imitation of Greek Models at Catiline 14.2-3

[Abstract Sallust’s description of Catiline’s profligate retinue at Catiline 14.2-3 contains a well-known textual problem. It is certain that the prodigals at the beginning of the sentence wasted their property by means of three body parts (manu ventre pene). Problematic, however, are the three types of wastrel that immediately precede the body parts, printed in most editions as inpudicus adulter ganeo. Because of the imprecise correspondence between these characters and the body parts, a number of remedies have been proposed, ranging from various emendations that create a more straightforward chiastic structure to complete deletion of inpudicus adulter ganeo as glosses. This paper proposes to shed light on the passage by examining the Greek models that Sallust imitated in constructing it: Theopompus’ description of Philip’s courtiers in Macedon and a passage of invective by the orator Lycurgus. It is concluded that emendation, rather than radical truncation, is the best remedy., Abstract Sallust’s description of Catiline’s profligate retinue at Catiline 14.2-3 contains a well-known textual problem. It is certain that the prodigals at the beginning of the sentence wasted their property by means of three body parts (manu ventre pene). Problematic, however, are the three types of wastrel that immediately precede the body parts, printed in most editions as inpudicus adulter ganeo. Because of the imprecise correspondence between these characters and the body parts, a number of remedies have been proposed, ranging from various emendations that create a more straightforward chiastic structure to complete deletion of inpudicus adulter ganeo as glosses. This paper proposes to shed light on the passage by examining the Greek models that Sallust imitated in constructing it: Theopompus’ description of Philip’s courtiers in Macedon and a passage of invective by the orator Lycurgus. It is concluded that emendation, rather than radical truncation, is the best remedy.]
A new semiadjustable articulator. Part IV: An investigation of three semiadjustable articulators

In this study the compensating angle on the Hanau XP-51 articulator was found to be proportional to the magnitude of the intercondylar distance. Further, eccentric movement of the Hanau 130-7, the Hanau XP-51, and the Whipmix articulators, at the cusp level, followed that displayed by the control articulator when guided by straight condylar elements. For restoration to function harmoniously in the patient's mouth they must be made on an instrument that can accurately reproduce selected movements of the mandible. The choice of articulator depends upon the precision with which the dentist wishes to work. The mechanisms of articulators should be precise, easy to adjust, and simple to understand.
The Mexican food system: traditional and modern

(1992). The Mexican food system: Traditional and modern. Ecology of Food and Nutrition: Vol. 27, No. 3-4, pp. 219-234.
Mechanistic basis for the gas exchange threshold in Thoroughbred horses

The exercising Thoroughbred horse (TB) is capable of exceptional cardiopulmonary performance. However, because the ventilatory equivalent for O2(V˙e/V˙o 2) does not increase above the gas exchange ...
Upward Communication About Cancer Screening: Adolescent Daughter to Mother

Substantial breast and cervical cancer disparities exist in the United States, particularly among African American women with low socioeconomic status. There is considerable potential for discussions about cancer prevention between mothers and daughters. However, upward communication, from child to parent, remains a relatively novel research area, and it remains unclear how receptive mothers would be to messages from their daughter about cancer, a topic that may be considered culturally inappropriate for daughters to initiate. In this study, the authors simulated cancer message delivery to daughters and then conducted direct observation of daughters as they recalled and shared the message with their mother or female elder. The authors found that daughters were able to successfully recall and deliver a cancer appeal to their mother and mothers were generally receptive to this message. Not only did mothers listen to their daughters’ appeals, but also daughters’ knowledge of cancer was considerably improved ...
The IMF and Economic Development

The IMF and Economic Development. By James Raymond Vreeland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 216p. 22.00 paper.This insightful and carefully researched work by James Raymond Vreeland should end once and for all the debate on whether participation in an International Monetary Fund program tends to improve or depress economic growth. The answer is a resounding no in that, on average, economic growth is roughly 1.5% slower when countries are under an IMF program than otherwise, according to Vreeland. This finding is consistent with several studies—mostly written by authors on the Left—although he takes pains to leave ideology at the door. Rather, he puts together the most systematic and exhaustive study of the subject to date in order to show how the same finding can be arrived at with methods that are qualitative and quantitative, empirical and abstract. Although the result tends toward repetition, there is something here for everyone.
The influence of graded reductions in reward and prior frustrating events upon the magnitude of the frustration effect.

Interpretations of recent experiments by Amsel (1958a, 1958b) have attributed active, motivational effects to nonreward occurring in contexts where S has been led to expect reward. Since this conception of nonreward has been featured prominently in recent accounts of partial reinforcement and extinction phenomena (Amsel, 1958a; 1958b; Spence, 1960), it is important to determine some of the laws concerning motivational consequences of reduced reward. It is to this task that the present investigation is directed. The standard procedure for studying motivational consequences of nonreward was introduced in an experiment by Amsel and Roussel (1952). Hungry rats were trained to run down a runway into a first goal box (Gi) for food reward; after a suitable time, a door opened to a second runway, which the rat traversed to a second goal box (Ga) and a second reward. After training on this two-link sequence, reward in Gi was omitted occasionally. On such occasions, response speed in the second runway was increased substantially. The increased vigor of the second response was attributed by Amsel and Roussel to frustration motivation evoked by nonreward in GI after S had been led to expect reward there. This frustration effect (FE) has been observed in several subsequent experiments, and there is little doubt about its reliability. Moreover, in a well-controlled experiment by Wagner (1959), it was demonstrated that the performance difference following reward vs. nonreward in Gi was not due to a loss of hunger drive following the customary reward in GI. These previous studies have demonstrated FE when the reward in Gi was reduced to zero. The first question prompting the present experiment was whether the size of FE would be graded according to graded reductions in reward at GI . To this end, rats were trained
Inelastic photoelectron diffraction.

Photoelectron diffraction and Auger-electron diffraction studies to date have involved the study of the elastically scattered or ``no-loss'' features in spectra. In this work, we consider the diffraction patterns associated with inelastically scattered electrons in plasmon satellites. Although very similar in most peak positions, the elastic and inelastic photoelectron patterns are found to be significantly different in intensity for emission along low-index directions in both W and Ge crystals. These differences are explained for the model case of Al in terms of defocusing due to multiple-scattering effects.
Correlation between immunosuppressive agents from media of human malignant melanoma cell cultures and from human serum.

Abstract The present report describes two major findings: A. Separation of peptides which suppress lymphocyte functions. After extraction with 1.0 M perchloric acid (PA), followed by sequential chromatography on Sepharose 6B-100, Sephadex G-200, and Bio-Gel P-150, the PA protein of the serum from patients with malignant melanoma (SI) or the spent media from human malignant melanoma cell cultures (MI) yielded a substance with the following biological activities: (1) SI or MI reduced the hemolysin plaque-forming cells (PFC) of spleen cells of animals sensitized to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). (2) SI or MI depressed the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine, [3H]uridine, and [3H]leucine into DNA, RNA, and protein of cultured spleen cells from SI- or MI-treated mice, and of peripheral blood lymphocytes. (3) SI and MI reduced the in vitro responding capacity of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and by concanavalin A (Con A). (4). SI and MI reduced the in vitro responding capacity of spleen lymphocytes from SI- and MI-treated mice to stimulation by PHA and Con A. B. Treatment with neuraminidase dissociated the Bio-Gel P-150 biologically active fraction into a small peptide which suppressed lymphocyte functions and an inactive product. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis provided a suggestive evidence of identify between the suppressive factor found in serum and a similar one shed by the melanoma cells into the culture medium.
Prediction of color, texture, and sensory characteristics of beef steaks by visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. A feasibility study.

Abstract Color, instrumental texture, and sensory attributes of steaks from 24 beef carcasses at 2, 4, 8, 14, and 21 days post mortem were predicted by visible/near infrared (visible/NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in 400–1080 nm region. Predicting the Hunter a , b , and E * yielded the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) in calibration to be 0.78–0.90, and R 2 was between 0.49 and 0.55 for tenderness, Hunter L , sensory chewiness and juiciness. The prediction R 2 for tenderness was in the range of 0.22–0.72 when the samples were segregated according to the aging days. Based on partial least square (PLS) model predicted tenderness, beef samples were classified into tender and tough classes with a correct classification of 83%. Soft independent modeling of class analogy of principal component analysis (SIMCA/PCA) model of measured tenderness showed great promise in the classification of tender and tough meats with over 96% success.
Comparison of factor analysis and curve-fitting for data analysis in XPS

Abstract Both curve-fitting and factor analysis have been used to measure the oxide/metal peak intensity ratios from XPS spectra for several anodized tungsten foils. These measurements were used to calculate the thicknesses of the oxide films prepared at different anodization voltages, from 0.5 to 1.0 V. Angle-resolved XPS was also used to analyze one of the oxide films. It was found that both curve-fitting and factor analysis give similar results, but factor analysis is quicker for large sets of data or complex spectra. Curve-fitting is necessary for individual spectra which are not a part of a data set.
The effects of angiotensin on the circulation and myocardial metabolism of dogs with experimentally produced myocardial infarction

Abstract Synthetic angiotensin was used to raise the aortic pressure to preinfarction level in dogs with recently produced myocardial infarction. The increase in aortic pressure was consistently accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output and elevation of the left ventricular end-diastolic, left atrial, and pulmonary arterial pressures. An increase in the arterial level of lactate and and pyruvate was also observed. The only significant change in myocardial utilization of substrates was an increase in the myocardial extraction of lactate. In view of these findings, the usefulness of angiotensin for the treatment of cardiogenic shock is questioned.
Implicit Stochastic Optimization and Simulation

This paper will review how historical and stochastic hydrological time series data have been incorporated into optimization and simulation models designed to aid water resources development planning and management. Optimization modelling, used most often for preliminary design, allocation, and sequencing or scheduling analyses, can be either deterministic or stochastic with respect to the incorporation of hydrological time series. Deterministic models can be solved for numerous alternative and equally likely hydrological sequences to obtain at least some idea of the probability distributions of various design or operating variable values required to achieve specific objectives. Alternatively, hydrological uncertainty can be incorporated directly into some formulations of stochastic optimization models. Both approaches using optimization have their advantages and limitations. Regardless of the sophistication of the optimization modelling, the output from these preliminary analyses should be studied further and evaluated using simulation. Recent work at a number of research institutes in Europe and North America over the past three years has resulted in an approach to dynamic river system simulation that can incorporate multiple hydrologicalal sequences in each time step of the simulation. This permits some estimation of the reliability of various system performance indicators in each time period of the simulation.
Adaptive Immunity against Listeria monocytogenes in the Absence of Type I Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the type I TNF receptor (TNFRI), p55, are critical for resistance against primary infections with the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Importantly, however, susceptibility to primary listeriosis in cytokine-deficient mice does not preclude the development or expression of effective adaptive immunity against virulent L. monocytogenes. We used TNFRI−/− mice to study adaptive antilisterial immunity in the absence of interactions between TNF and TNFRI. Our experiments indicate that TNFRI−/− mice survive and clear high-dose challenges with an attenuated strain of L. monocytogenes that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread. Furthermore, TNFRI−/− mice immunized with attenuated L. monocytogenes go on to develop potent adaptive immunity to subsequent high-dose challenges with virulent L. monocytogenes. Interestingly, CD8+ T-cell depletion in vivo inhibits immunity to L. monocytogenes in the spleen but not in the liver of TNFRI−/− mice. The adaptive immune response in these animals is characterized by activation of listeriolysin O-specific CD8+ T cells, which are capable of transferring antilisterial immunity to naive wild-type C57BL/6 host mice. These experiments demonstrate the development and expression of potent CD8+ T-cell-mediated antilisterial immunity in the absence of TNFRI.
Some Aspects of CAMAC Software

Since most CAMAC systems include computers, the generation and maintenance of computer programs may represent a substantial fraction of the effort involved in assembling a CAMAC system. The effort involved can be reduced if standard software can be used, but the generality of the hardware and the variety of computers and interfaces make the production of efficient, general software difficult. Some of the problems and some general approaches to them are discussed below. The NIM Software Working Group has been working on a set of FORTRAN subroutines for use with CAMAC systems. Though the effort is incomplete, it has reached a stage where its implementation is feasible and will prove useful. The working group has therefore concluded that it should be published in this tutorial issue to make it available to prospective users.
Phosphodiesterase-3B-cAMP Pathway of Leptin Signalling in the Hypothalamus is Impaired During the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity in FVB/N Mice

The phosphodiesterase-3B (PDE3B)-cAMP pathway plays an important role in transducing the action of leptin in the hypothalamus. Obesity is usually associated with hyperleptinaemia and resistance to anorectic and body weight-reducing effects of leptin. To determine whether the hypothalamic PDE3B-cAMP pathway of leptin signalling is impaired during the development of diet-induced obesity (DIO), we fed male FVB/N mice a high-fat diet (HFD: 58% kcal as fat) or low-fat diet (LFD: 6% kcal as fat) for 4 weeks. HFD fed mice developed DIO in association with hyperphagia, hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Leptin (i.p.) significantly increased hypothalamic PDE3B activity and phosphorylated (p)-Akt levels in LFD-fed but not in HFD-fed mice. However, basal p-Akt levels in hypothalamus were increased in DIO mice. Additionally, amongst six-microdissected brain nuclei examined, leptin selectively decreased cAMP levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of LFD-fed mice but failed to do so in HFD-fed mice. We next tested whether both the PBE3B and Akt pathways of leptin signalling remained impaired in DIO mice on the HFD for 12 weeks (long-term). DIO mice were hyperinsulinaemic and hyperleptinaemic in association with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Although, in LFD-fed mice, leptin significantly increased PDE3B activity and p-Akt levels in the hypothalamus, it failed to do so in HFD-fed mice. Also, basal p-Akt levels in the hypothalamus were increased in DIO mice and leptin had no further effect. Similarly, immunocytochemistry showed that leptin increased the number of p-Akt-positive cells in the ARC of LFD-fed but not in HFD-fed mice, and there was an increased basal number of p-Akt positive cells in the ARC of DIO mice. These results suggest that the PDE3B-cAMP- and Akt-pathways of leptin signalling in the hypothalamus are impaired during the development of DIO. Thus, a defect in the regulation by leptin of the hypothalamic PDE3B-cAMP pathway and Akt signalling may be one of the mechanisms of central leptin resistance and the development of DIO.
CircaDB: a database of mammalian circadian gene expression profiles

CircaDB (http://circadb.org) is a new database of circadian transcriptional profiles from time course expression experiments from mice and humans. Each transcript’s expression was evaluated by three separate algorithms, JTK_Cycle, Lomb Scargle and DeLichtenberg. Users can query the gene annotations using simple and powerful full text search terms, restrict results to specific data sets and provide probability thresholds for each algorithm. Visualizations of the data are intuitive charts that convey profile information more effectively than a table of probabilities. The CircaDB web application is open source and available at http:// github.com/itmat/circadb.
Aclamate: An AOSD Security Framework for Access Control

The development of secure software could be simplified if tooling were readily available to application developers. Improvements can be made to better support software developers to secure their applications, without requiring that security code be inserted throughout core application processing code. The Aclamate framework is introduced here for securing software that imposes little restrictions on the writing of software. Aclamate uses AOSD to secure applications in a non-invasive manner. Both the existing state of software security frameworks and what support already exists to assist application development are discussed. Emphasis is placed on access control and authorization - as these areas are particularly lacking with security tooling to support software development in a non-invasive manner. Finally, there is a critique of Aclamate, the challenges remain in its development, and the remaining opportunities that may exist to provide application developers with more tools to ease the development of secure software.
Topography of the Retinal Thickness in Normal Subjects

A noninvasive method has been developed that is capable of providing quantitative thickness profiles of the retina. The method was used to map the retinal thickness in five normal human volunteers and determine the reproducibility of the measurements. The reproducibility or equivalent sensitivity of the measurements to detect changes was found to be 5% or 19 microns on the same day and 8% or 31 microns on different days. By averaging the values obtained in five normal subjects, ranging in age from 21 to 43 years (mean, 34 years), a preliminary normal baseline was derived for the thickness profile at the fovea and the thickness cross-section from the optic disc to the fovea. The results of the study indicated that this noninvasive method promises to be of clinical use in diagnosing ocular diseases that produce changes in the thickness of the retinal as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.
Analgesia for neuropathic pain by dorsal root ganglion transplantation of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells: initial results

Background Cell-based therapy may hold promise for treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are readily available and robust, and their secretion of therapeutic peptides can be enhanced by genetically engineering. We explored the analgesic potential of transplanting bone marrow-derived MSCs that have been transduced with lentivectors. To optimize efficacy and safety, primary sensory neurons were targeted by MSC injection into the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).
Analysis for bio-inspired thrown-box assisted message dissemination in delay tolerant networks

Inspired by biological communication, the strategy of deploying communication and storage equipment called thrown box is proposed to increase message delivery probability and to reduce transmission latency in delay tolerant networks. In this paper, we study the thrown-box assisted message dissemination models by analyzing a few cases on the message delivery rate and related latency distribution. We divide such communications into two processes. We first model the message delivering process among thrown boxes and derive time related message distribution on the boxes. Then we investigate the message collection process to obtain the expected number of informed collectors as a function of time. In addition, we analyze the latency distribution for message collection. Our analysis is derived based on a discrete Markov Chain model. The numerical examples are provided to validate our model and to examine the features of message dissemination under different network scenarios. The factors such as message relay and lifetime are considered. The results show that the tradeoff exists between the number of the boxes and the message lifetime, etc. In summary, our results will help storage management and delay management in DTNs and provide guidelines for applications of search and surveillance.
The Dynamical Reference Frame

Planetary and lunar ephemerides continue to improve in accuracy as they continue to be adjusted to newer and more accurate observational data. An additional improvement will be that of the orientation of the ephemerides; in the future, the ephemerides produced at JPL will be based upon the reference frame of the radio source catalogues. Recent planetary observations have been made directly with respect to the radio reference frame, and these observations have shown a satisfying degree of absolute accuracy and internal consistency; they enable the automatic orientation of the ephemerides onto the radio reference system during the ephemeris adjustment process.
Imaginative Suggestibility and Hypnotizability

More than a half-century of research aimed at identifying the predictors of hypnotic responding has been described as investigations of “hypnotizability.” Most of that research, however, has disregarded the well-established findings that (a) people respond to suggestion without being hypnotized almost as much as they do following a hypnotic induction, and (b) nonhypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility are highly correlated. More recent studies have provided the first empirical data on predictors of individual differences in response to the induction of hypnosis. These studies indicate that individual differences in hypnotic suggestibility can be accounted for completely by nonhypnotic suggestibility, expectancy, motivation, and reaction time. Because the amount of variance accounted for is as great as the reliability of the hypnotic-suggestibility scale, and because nonhypnotic suggestibility has been controlled, no additional variables are necessary to account for hypnotic suggestibility.
Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling in liver metastasis of colon cancer

Despite a primary tumor suppressor role, there is compelling evidence suggesting that TGF-β can promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in advanced stages of colorectal cancer. Blocking these tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β provides a potentially important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, little is known about how the inhibitors of TGF-β receptor kinases affect colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo. Here, we have observed that a novel dual kinase inhibitor of TGF-β type I and type II receptors, LY2109761, inhibits TGF-β-mediated activation of Smad and non-Smad pathways in CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells having K-Ras mutation. The inhibitor attenuates the oncogenic effects of TGF-β on cell migration, invasion and tumorigenicity of CT26 cells. Furthermore, LY2109761 decreases liver metastases and prolongs survival in an experimental metastasis model. These findings suggest that the dual kinase inhibitor LY2109761 has potential therapeutic value for metastatic colorectal cancer.
An automated vacuum system

Software tools available with the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) control system provide the capability to express a control problem as a finite-state machine. System states and transitions are expressed in terms of accelerator parameters, and actions are taken based on state transitions. This is particularly useful for sequencing operations which are modal in nature or unwieldy when implemented with conventional programming. State diagrams are automatically translated into code which is executed by the control system. These tools have been applied to the vacuum system for the GTA to implement automatic sequencing of operations. >
Object prototyping: Concept and specification language

Object-oriented (OO) database systems are becoming popular for CAD, VLSI, and CASE applications. One of the reasons is the support of prototyping through inheritance and/or scheme evolution. In this paper, we propose another rapid prototyping technique: object prototyping. It assumes that a database schema is fixed and rapid prototyping is achieved by applying alternative values into attributes of an object. This is useful especially for design applications in which determining a design object's properties is not straightforward. We design a specification language based on the what-for-if construct for modeling the object prototyping. This specification language can (1) help the designer to simulate alternative design parameters to find out the optimal design parameters, (2) reduce the need for writing database programs, (3) support the development and construction of complex applications on top of the database, and (4) test the functionality and performance of design objects. >
Energy-efficient policies for embedded clusters

Power conservation has become a key design issue for many systems, including clusters deployed for embedded systems, where power availability ultimately determines system lifetime. These clusters execute a high rate of requests of highly-variable length, such as in satellite-based multiprocessor systems. The goal of power management in such systems is to minimize the aggregate energy consumption of the whole cluster while ensuring timely responses to requests. In the past, dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and on/off schemes have been studied under the assumptions of continuously tunable processor frequencies and perfect load-balancing. In this work, we focus on the more realistic case of discrete processor frequencies and propose a new policy that adjusts the number of active nodes based on the system load, not system frequency. We also design a threshold scheme which prevents the system from reacting to short-lived temporary workload changes in the presence of unstable incoming workload. Simulation and implementation results on real hardware show that our policy is very effective in reducing the overall power consumption of clusters executing embedded applications.
Preanesthetic Evaluation of Children With Anterior Mediastinal Masses

Respiratory collapse is a well-recognized complication of general anesthesia in patients with an anterior mediastinal mass. Although numerous case reports document this occurrence, only recently have several series provided some guidance in defining which patients are at risk for respiratory collapse. Safe lower limits for two parameters at which general anesthesia can be used appear to be a tracheal area measured by computed tomography (CT scan), which is at least 50% of the area predicted for normals and peak expiratory flow rates, which are at least 50% of predicted. The problems with prebiopsy treatment are presented, and methods of obtaining diagnostic material by aspiration of a pleural effusion or performance of an anterior thoracotomy under local anesthesia are discussed.
Evaluation of continuous infusion low‐dose 5‐azacytidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

The treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is both difficult and controversial. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of low-dose 5-azacytidine in the treatment of this disorder. Fifteen patients with MDS were entered on study to be treated with 5-azacytidine by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 days. Doses of the drug ranged from 10 mg/m2/day to 35 mg/m2/day, with most patients receiving 16.5 mg/m2/day. In two patients, the drug was stopped early in the course of treatment because of thrombocytopenia. Thirteen patients completed therapy according to protocol. Three of 13 patients demonstrated a partial response to therapy. Of these three patients, one had an increase in platelet and absolute neutrophil counts, while the other two no longer required support with red cell transfusions. The drug was well tolerated and significant myelosuppression did not occur in most patients. Low-dose 5-azacytidine appears to have activity in the treatment of primary MDS and future studies should consider evaluation of this drug in combination with hematopoietic growth factors.
Hacking Spaces: Place as Interface

Abstract In this article, we analyze the complex rationales—both transparent to us and, at times, made visible—underneath the instructional spaces in which we work and teach. To do so, we first situate space analysis in the larger, national conversations about instructional spaces and then through the work of computers and writing scholars. We conclude with an analysis of instructional spaces at our institution. These are spaces specific to our locale, but spaces we think are quite common at most institutions of higher education. Perhaps more importantly, we situate this space analysis on issues these spaces pose—issues of restricted movement, impaired ability to collaborate, sensory disruption, limited leadership ability, and functional/material constraints. We attempt to return to the roots of hacking and to situate hacking as a particular tool for negotiating and, at times, disrupting the assumptions built under, within, and across instructional spaces.
An Antithyroid Effect of Thiamine

Rat thyroid slices incubated in the presence of radioiodine and thiamine (10–3m) contained less organic radioiodine than control slices. There was no effect of thiamine, however, on the radioiodine content of slices in the presence of propylthiouracil. Thiamine in the diet of rats occasionally inhibited the formation of organic radioiodine compounds but, when augmented by injections of thiamine, inhibition became a consistent finding. There was no goiter formation or increase in the ratio of radiomonoiodotyrosine to radiodiiodotyrosine. It is concluded that thiamine has an antithyroid effect similar to propylthiouracil in inhibiting the formation of monoiodotyrosine although it may not inhibit the later steps in thyroid biosynthesis. (Endocrinology 82:895, 1968)
The Structure of Isotropic Turbulence at Very High Reynolds Numbers

A recapitulation is first given of a recent theory of homogeneous turbulence based on the condition that the Fourier amplitudes of the velocity field be as randomly distributed as the dynamical equations permit. This theory involves the average infinitesimal-impulse-response functions of the Fourier amplitudes and employs a new kind of perturbation method which yields what are belived to be exact expansions of third- and higher-order statistical moments of the Fourier amplitudes in terms of second-order moments and these response functions.In the present paper the theory is applied in lowest approximation (called the direct-interaction approximation) to stationary isotropic turbulence of very high Reynolds number. The characteristic wave-number where An is a universal constant.The theory is compared with experiment and is found to be slightly better supported than the Kolmogorov theory. However, it is stressed that extreme caution must be exercised in interpreting the experimental evidence as support for either theory.An analysis is given of the relations between the Kolmogorov theory, Heisen-berg's heuristic theory, the analytical theories of Heisenberg and Chandrasekhar, the theories of Proudman & Reid and Tatsumi, and the present theory.
Food Poisoning: Tracing Origins and Testing

Foodborne disease (food poisoning) has been defined by the World Health Organization as “a disease of infectious or toxic nature, caused by, or thought to be caused by, the consumption of food and water.” It involves a large (> 40) and diverse range of agents, the number of which continues to increase yearly as new agents are identified.
Subpulmonary Obstruction from Aneurysmal Ventricular Septum in a Child with Dextrocardia and Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

A 3-year-old boy underwent evaluation for dextrocardia. Echocardiograms showed features of corrected transposition physiology, a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) (Fig. 1), and aneurysmal tissue beneath the pulmonary valve that caused severe subpulmonary stenosis (Figs. 2–4). Eighteen months after VSD closure and resection of the aneurysmal tissue, the patient was asymptomatic with only mild residual pulmonary outflow tract obstruction. Fig. 1. Two-dimensional echocardiograms A) in apical 4-chamber view from the right chest and B) in color-flow Doppler mode show a moderate-to-large ventricular septal defect (VSD). Fig. 2. Echocardiograms (subcostal 4-chamber views). A) In the morphologic left ventricle (MLV), aneurysmal tissue (arrow) protrudes into the pulmonary outflow tract. B) Color-flow Doppler mode reveals turbulent flow (arrow) in the pulmonary outflow tract. Fig. 3. A) Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic recording across the pulmonary outflow tract shows a peak velocity >5 m/s, suggesting severe obstruction. B) Angiogram (60° left anterior oblique view) from the morphologic left ventricle (MLV) ... Fig. 4. Cineangiographic image from the A) left lateral view reveals the morphologic left ventricle (MLV) and the pulmonary outflow tract obstruction from aneurysmal tissue (arrows). B) The 60° left anterior oblique view reveals a severely narrowed right ...
Feminist Media Studies and Community

I want to thank the Console-ing Passions program committee for the invitation to be here today, especially Melissa Click who helped get me situated so nicely. I realize that I haven’t attended Cons...
An exploratory analysis of the Joyner-Boore attenuation data

Abstract Joyner and Boore (1981) present a set of strong-motion data and from it derive equations for predicting peak horizontal acceleration as a function of moment magnitude and fault distance. In our work, exploratory data analysis procedures are applied to that data set and alternate prediction procedures are derived. Two distinct types of procedure are presented. The first, like Joyner and Boore9s, involves a parametric functional form. The second is nonparametric and requires graphical interpolation, but involves much weaker assumptions in its derivation. The stochastic models employed include a specific (random) effect for individual earthquakes. This effectively handles the problem of “weighting” observations and allows investigation of the relative sizes of between and within earthquake variation. The model considered has the form θ ( A i j ) = φ ( M i ) + ψ ( d i j ) + ∈ i + ∈ i j where i is the indexing event, j is the indexing record within event, A is the peak horizontal acceleration, M is moment magnitude, and d is distance. The ∈ j and ∈ ij are random variables representing between and within earthquake variation. In the parametric case θ, φ, and ψ have special functional forms. In the nonparametric case, they are given as curves.
Nationwide, Regional, and Statewide CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Supply Chain Network Optimization

We design a CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration (CCUS) supply chain network with minimum cost to reduce stationary CO2 emissions and their adverse environmental impacts in the United States. While doing so, we consider simultaneous selection of source plants, capture technologies, capture materials, CO2 pipelines, locations of utilization and sequestration sites, and amounts of CO2 storage. The CCUS costs include the costs of flue gas dehydration, CO2 capture, compression, transportation and injection, and revenues from CO2 utilization through enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The dehydration, capture, and compression costs are derived using advanced modeling, simulation, and optimization of leading CO2 capture processes. Our results suggest that it is possible to reduce 50–80% of the current CO2 emissions from the stationary sources at a total annual cost ranging $58.1–106.6 billion. Furthermore, it is possible to generate $3.4–3.6 billion of revenue annually through supplying CO2 for CO2-EOR. Ove...
Controllable Diffusion in Time-varying Random Potentials

Particles subjected to complex potentials that vary in both space and time can be sub- or super-diffusive. We demonstrate that their behavior can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of random optical potentials.
Probing the properties of event-by-event distributions in Hanbury-Brown–Twiss radii

Hanbury-Brown--Twiss interferometry is a technique which yields effective widths (i.e., ``HBT radii'') of homogeneity regions in the fireballs produced in heavy ion collisions. Because the initial conditions of these collisions are stochastically fluctuating, the measured HBT radii also exhibit variation on an event-by-event basis. However, HBT measurements have, to date, been performed only on an ensemble-averaged basis, due to inherent limitations of finite particle statistics. In this paper, we show that experimental measurements to date are best characterized theoretically as weighted averages of the event-by-event HBT radii, and we propose a new method for extracting experimentally both the arithmetic mean and the variance of the event-by-event distribution of HBT radii. We demonstrate the extraction of the mean and variance of this distribution for a particular ensemble of numerically generated events, and offer some ideas to extend and generalize the method to enable measurement of higher moments of the HBT distribution as well.
Bacteriophages: Biology and Applications

This new and excellent volume, together with Richard L. Calendar and Stephen T. Abedon (ed.) The Bacteriophages, edition 2, from Oxford University Press (ISBN no., 0195148509, published in December 2005 release date) may help to redress the loss of understanding of the role of phage studies in modern microbial science. It is difficult without current volumes to imagine how essential bacteriophage were in the invention of molecular biology as we know it, from the understanding that the gene consists of DNA to the discovery of messenger RNA and many essential aspects of the triplet genetic code. Thus, it is also surprisingly that Amazon.com does not list the classic books Bacteriophage T4 (1983) and The Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4 (1994), both co-edited by E. Kutter and published by ASM.
A History of the Vietnamese: From two countries to one

Saigon After Bao Dai went to France in late 1953 to pursue possibilities for negotiating full independence with the Laniel government, Ngo Dinh Diem departed the United States for Europe, sensing that he may find a role in the changing situation. Ngo Dinh Diem’s youngest brother, Ngo Dinh Luyen (1914–1990), was a childhood friend of Bao Dai from their schoolboy days in France and served as a go-between. Although Bao Dai had never been comfortable with Ngo Dinh Diem’s strong anti-French attitude, in May 1954 he turned to him because there was no other person of his stature and reputation as an uncompromising nationalist. Furthermore, Ngo Dinh Nhu’s emergence as a political figure in Saigon the previous year suggested that Ngo Dinh Diem had a point of access into the political world of the State of Vietnam. Two other considerations were apparently on Bao Dai’s mind. Ngo Dinh Diem’s appointment would apply pressure on the French to sign the independence treaty, and no other Vietnamese politician was likely to elicit the American assistance that would be necessary for the future of his government. However, Bao Dai soon realized that with the appointment of Ngo Dinh Diem he had ended his role in the political life of his country, and he never returned to Vietnam. In the summer of 1954, Ngo Dinh Diem was seemingly without any firm source of support. The United States was beginning to provide institutional assistance but was non-committal regarding Ngo Dinh Diem himself, being unsure of whether he would be able to surmount the daunting situation in Saigon. The French army had regrouped to southern Vietnam and was still the pre-eminent military force in the country. The French military commander and commissioner in Vietnam was General Paul Henri Romuald Ely (1897–1975), who made no secret of his opinion that Ngo Dinh Diem should be replaced.
Absorbed Dose Rates in Tissue from Prompt Gamma Emissions from Near-thermal Neutron Absorption.

Prompt gamma emission data from the International Atomic Energy Agency s Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis database are analyzed to determine the absorbed dose rates in tissue to be expected when natural elements are exposed in a near-thermal neutron environment.
Asthma: Origin, Mechanisms, and Clinical Aspects

Although asthma responds to therapy directed at changes in the airways of the bronchial tree, the cause of the asthmatic response may lie elsewhere. Thus, treatment may need to be directed at the specific causative factor and at any organ or tissue that is primarily responsible. It is not possible to provide an accurate breakdown of the frequency with which other sites are etiologically involved, but in a large proportion of asthmatic patients infectious disorders in the upper respiratory tract appear to initiate the bronchospastic reaction. A relatively small proportion of cases of asthma are attributable as secondary reactions to primary diseases located in various organs of the body, including the lungs themselves.