cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of different cost functions in the Geosect airspace partitioning tool

A new cost function representing air traffic controller workload is implemented in the Geosect airspace partitioning tool. Geosect currently uses a combination of aircraft count and dwell time to select optimal airspace partitions that balance controller workload. This is referred to as the aircraft count/dwell time hybrid cost function. The new cost function is based on Simplified Dynamic Density, a measure of different aspects of air traffic controller workload. Three sectorizations are compared. These are the current sectorization, Geosect's sectorization based on the aircraft count/dwell time hybrid cost function, and Geosect's sectorization based on the Simplified Dynamic Density cost function. Each sectorization is evaluated for maximum and average workload along with workload balance using the Simplified Dynamic Density as the workload measure. In addition, the Airspace Concept Evaluation System, a nationwide air traffic simulator, is used to determine the capacity and delay incurred by each sectorization. The sectorization resulting from the Simplified Dynamic Density cost function had a lower maximum workload measure than the other sectorizations, and the sectorization based on the combination of aircraft count and dwell time did a better job of balancing workload and balancing capacity. However, the current sectorization had the lowest average workload, highest sector capacity, and the least system delay.
Isochromosome 9p and choroid plexus papilloma: Coincidence or cause?

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a generally benign brain tumor that forms within the ventricle and may lead to hydrocephalus. Two-thirds of patients with CPP are under the age of 2 years. CPP has been associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Aicardi syndrome and hypomelanosis of Ito. Non-syndromic CPP may be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It has also been proposed that duplication of 9p is associated with hyperplasia of the choroid plexus. Our patients, 1 2/12 year old twin girls, presented for genetic evaluation due to suspected CPP. Both patients had height and weight below the 3rd percentile and head circumference at or just below the 50th percentile. Both patients also had deep-set small eyes, prominent nose, normal appearing mouth and ears, single palmar creases, bilateral 5th finger clinodactyly, hyperconvex nails of fingers 3, 4, and 5, spatutate fingertips, and hypoplastic toenails. One of the twins functioned at the 7-8 month level developmentally, had varus position of the foot and a large anterior fontanelle. The second twin functioned at the 13 month level developmentally with areas of concern being language delay, fine motor skills, and self-help issues. The second twin also had strabismus. Due to the multiplicity of findings, we were suspicious of a chromosomal aberration possibly involving the p arm of chromosome 9. Peripheral blood chromosome analyses using banding and multicolored FISH revealed a karyotype of 47, XX, +idic(9)(q12) or tetrasomy 9p. Review of the literature revealed few cases of tetrasomy 9p and variable expression thereof. Though hydrocephaly and Dandy-Walker malformation had been reported in some individuals, only 2 cases included abnormalities of the choroid plexus, CPP and hyperplasia respectively. Our patients appear to have a less severe expression of tetrasomy 9p. This case demonstrates that CPP may be yet another finding of tetrasomy 9p. In addition, it may further support the suggestion that a gene on 9p controls growth of the choroid plexus.
Useful Compiler Directives for Teaching Programming

Using pre-processor directives is an important step in writing programs in languages that include C++ and Java. We examine the use of pre-processor directives with the goal of making a beginning programming language pedagogically effective. We propose a set of compiler directives that can be used in teaching a programming language similar to C++ so that student's programming productivity increases by discouraging them from using irrelevant/confusing constructs and error-prone syntax. The proposed directives are structured into three groups: (i) error-checks, (ii) debugging-aids, and (iii) file-merging directives.
A locality-sensitive hash for real vectors

We present a simple and practical algorithm for the c--approximate near neighbor problem (c--NN): given n points P ⊂ Rd and radius R, build a data structure which, given q ∈ Rd, can with probability 1 -- δ return a point p e P with dist(p, q) ≤ cR if there is any p* e P with dist(p*, q) ≤ R. For c = d + 1, our algorithm deterministically (δ = 0) preprocesses in time O(nd log d), space O(dn), and answers queries in expected time O(d2); this is the first known algorithm to deterministically guarantee an O(d)---NN solution in constant time with respect to n for all lp metrics. A probabilistic version empirically achieves useful c values (c
Real-time image sequence segmentation using curve evolution

RealTimeImageSequenceSegmentationUsingCurveEvolutionJ.Zhang andW.LiuDepartment of Electrical Engineering and ComputerScienceUniversityof Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee,WI53201junzhang@uwm.edu,wliu@uwm.eduAbstractIn this pap er, we describ e a novel approach to image sequence segmentation and its real-timeimplementation.This approach uses the 3D structure tensor to pro duce a more robust framedi erencesignalandusescurveevolutiontoextractwhole(moving)ob jects.Ouralgorithmis implemented on a standard PC running the Windows op erating system with video capturefromaUSBcamerathatisstandardWindowsvideocapturedevice.UsingthestandardvideoI/Ofunctionalities,oursegmentationsoftwareishighlyp ortableandeasytomaintainandupgrade.InitscurrentimplementationonaPentium400,thesystemcanp erform segmentation at 5 frames/sec with a frame resolution of 160120.I.Intro ductionSeparatingmovingob jectsfromthebackgroundinavideoclipisknownasimagese-quencesegmentationproblem.Inrecentyears,ithasattractedconsiderableinterestduetoits applications in a wide range ofareas.These include ob ject-basedvideo compression (e.g.,MPEG4), video surveillance and monitoring, automatic target detection and tracking, and theanalysis of medical and other scienti c image sequences.Most previous work in image sequence segmentation can b e classi ed into three approaches:1)intra-frame segmentation,2) motion eld clustering/segmentation, and 3) frame di erenc-ing.In the rstapproach(e.g.,see[1 ]),eacframein animagesequenceis segmentedinde-p endently (i.e., intra-frame) into regions of homogeneous intensity or texture, using traditionalimage segmentationtechniques.Then regions in consecutive frames are matched and tracked.This would work well if intra-frame segmentation pro duced a small numb er of regions closelyrelatedtoreal-worldob jects.However,sinceimagesegmentationusingintensityortextureremainsadicultproblem,thisapproachoftenencountersdiculties,asmanyimageseg-mentation techniques pro duce over-segmentation.In the second approach, a dense motion eld is used for segmentation.For example, pixelswithsimilarmotionvectorsaregroup edintoregions(e.g.,see[2]-[3 ]).Alternatively,smallThis work is supp orted in part by ONR grant 00PR01565-00.
Predeposit autologous blood donation.

Abstract Predeposit autologous donation for elective surgical procedures during which there is a potential requirement for transfusion is medically proven as safe and efficacious but significantly underutilized. The primary advantages are avoidance of transfusion-transmitted disease and alloimmunization. Appropriate donor selection is essential. In general, there are no age or weight limits for donors. The incidence of adverse reactions is no greater in properly selected autologous donors than in homologous donors. Administration of oral ferrous sulfate allows many patients to meet all of their perioperative transfusion requirements. The blood is usually stored in the liquid state, but can be frozen. The mere availability of autologous blood is not an indication for its reinfusion. The criteria for transfusion are similar to those for homologous blood. However, a more liberal interpretation may be appropriate in some clinical situations. The issue of disposition of predonated blood which is not transfused to donor-patients remains unresolved. In some areas all units are discarded. In others, the blood can be administered to other patients if the donor met all the criteria for homologous donors and the blood tested negative for infectious disease markers.
Fast Broadcasting and Gathering inq-ary Cubes Using Error-Correction Codes

An interesting application of coding theory in network routing is presented. Certain error-correcting codes can be employed to specify a minimal subset of nodes called “stations” which are at distancetfrom the rest of the nodes. The stations, acting as relay agents, can then broadcast data/control information from a central controller to all the nodes (or conversely from the nodes to the central controller) in no more thantsteps. The network considered is theq-aryn-dimensional hypercube. The study shows that for a givent, perfect codes yield the minimal set of stations whereas quasi-perfect codes render suboptimal solutions.
Some Problems in the Evaluation of Egg Albumen Quality

Abstract EGG ALBUMEN quality is a vague concept, difficult to describe or define. It is defined somewhat differently by different market groups, but frequently is defined as those qualities of the albumen desired by the consumer, which in turn requires definition. On the other hand, it is generally agreed that albumen quality is a quantitative genetic trait of the fowl, and on this basis it is possible to list the desirable characteristics of a numerical expression of albumen quality. Such a criterion should be a continuous rather than a discrete variable, having a known distribution, and it should be possible to make objective measurements of the criterion. The desirable criterion should also have a sound biological basis, being associated with both the known physiology of egg formation and the preferences of the consumer. The latter point is, of course, a difficult one to resolve since it is not readily subject to …
The effect of writing assignments on achievement in college general chemistry

This study was designed to determine if student learning in college general chemistry could be increased through the addition of required writing assignments. Sixty-four students enrolled in the same section of a general chemistry II course were randomly assigned to two groups. Treatment group members were required to turn in written summaries of 8 class lectures. These summaries were graded and returned with mistakes in chemistry and writing noted. Feedback concerning errors in chemical content was shared with the entire class prior to the posttest. Analysis of covariance of the posttest results showed that the treatment group members scored significantly higher than the students who did not write the summaries (F = 6.78, p < .05). No interaction was observed between group membership and pretest scores. These results indicate that student achievement in chemistry may be enhanced through required writing assignments. The study results are inconclusive as to whether the gains in achievement were due to the processes involved in organizing and writing the summaries, or due to the additional study time required to write the summaries.
Elastic properties of deoxy hemoglobin S (deoxy-HbS) gels

Abstract Equilibrium shear moduli for deoxyhemoglobin S(HbS) gels were measured as a function of HbS concentration. The modulus was found to depend approximately on the 18th power of the HbS concentration. Deoxy-HbS gels were found at HbS concentration as low as 10 g/dl.
Microstrip ring resonator technique for measuring microwave attenuation in high-T/sub c/ superconducting thin films

Microwave attenuation of high-T/sub c/ superconducting (HTS) films sputtered on MgO and ZrO/sub 2/ were measured using a microstrip ring resonator circuit. The results of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O resonators were compared to those for gold-plated resonators of identical design. The losses of superconducting and gold-plated films were determined from unloaded Q-factor measurements. The attenuation of Y-Ba-Cu-O film on an MgO substrate is approximately 31% lower than that of gold films at 6.6 GHz and 33% lower at 19.2 GHz for temperatures below 50 K. The approach of using microstrips to characterize microwave losses shows the usefulness of HTS films in integrated circuit technology. >
Naltrindole, a δ-opioid antagonist, blocks MDMA's ability to enhance pressing for rewarding brain stimulation

Twelve rats were each fixed with a chronically indwelling bipolar electrode for stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle as it courses through the hypothalamus. These rats were trained to press a bar for intracranial stimulation of 0.3-s trains of 60 Hz sine waves for 10 min daily at three intensities. One intensity was just above threshold for maintaining pressing, one intensity was a high intensity that sustained considerable pressing, but not maximum pressing, and the other was intermediate to the others. After stable rates of pressing were obtained, rats received MDMA daily. MDMA significantly increased rates of pressing. Prior to a day when rats received MDMA, they also received an injection of naltrindole, a selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist. Naltrindole blocked MDMA's enhancement of pressing for reinforcing brain stimulation.
Temporal relationships among adjustable-rate mortgage indexes

This article investigates the linkage among six ARM indexes during the 1978–1989 period. Granger's direct causality test is used to examine their relationship within a rolling regression framework. The nonstationary properties of each index and selected pairs of indexes are investigated by using the unit root and cointegration tests. The empirical results confirmed their relationship has changed over this period and short-term rates lead the eleventh district cost-of-funds index. The implications of the empirical results from the perspectives of borrowers (ARM choice), lenders (pricing), and investors (security valuation) are also discussed.
Molecular nature of the Drosophila sex determination signal and its link to neurogenesis

In 1921 it was discovered that the sexual fate of Drosophila is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes. Only recently has it been found that the X chromosome to autosome (X:A) ratio is communicated in part by the dose of sisterless-b (sis-b), an X-linked genetic element located within the achaete-scute complex of genes involved in neurogenesis. In this report, the molecular nature of the primary sex determination signal and its relation to these proneural genes was determined by analysis of sis-b+ germline transformants. The sis-b+ function is confered by protein T4, a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Although T4 is shared by sis-b and scute-alpha, the regulatory regions of sis-b, which control T4 expression in sex determination, are both separable from and simpler than those of scute-alpha, which control T4 expression in neurogenesis. Dose-sensitive cooperative interactions in the assembly or binding of sis-dependent transcription factors may directly determine the activity of the female-specific promoter of Sex-lethal, the master regulator of sexual development. In this model there is no need to invoke the existence of analogous autosomal negative regulators of Sex-lethal.
Gross and microvascular distribution of retrograde cardioplegia in explanted human hearts.

Abstract In this report, explanled hearts from transplant recipients with the diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy underwent a blood cardioplegia arrest and extended subatrial resection to preserve their coronary sinus venous system. The coronary sinus and left and right coronary arteries were then cannulated and warm blood cardioplegia retrograde infused at a pressure of 30 to 40 mm Hg. Effluent from the coronary arteries and thebesian veins was then collected. Hearts were subsequently fixed with retrograde glutaraldehyde perfusion and perfused retrograde with NTB-2 (an inert intracapillary marker). Histologic sections were examined from 12 separate sites. There was no significant difference in the percentage of capillaries perfused by retrogradedelivered cardioplegia between corresponding regions of the left and right ventricles. However, effluent analysis indicated that 67.2% ± 6.4% of retrograde-delivered blood cardioplegia was shunted through thebesian veins, thereby bypassing the microvasculature, whereas 29.3% ± 6.3% and 3.5% ± 3.1% traversed the myocardium supplied by the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. The results indicate that all regions of both ventricles are perfused by retrograde blood cardioplegia. However, they also suggest that nutrient flow to the microvasculature of the right ventricle is minimal during retrograde cardioplegia.
The independence of recall and recognition in motor learning.

A basic tenet of both current closed-loop theories of motor learning (Adams, 1971; Schmidt, 1975) is that the generation of response specifications during learning is required for the development of recall memory. Two experiments were performed to test this tenet by attempting to demonstrate the development of recall memory in the absence of response specification production. The task in both experiments required blindfolded subjects to learn to produce a rapid, novel criterion movement on a linear positioning device. Control subjects in both experiments actively produced movements during learning with knowledge of results (KR) while experimental subjects in Experiment 1 experienced only the endpoint locations and in Experiment 2 were passively moved to the endpoint locations. Following initial KR trials, both experimental and control groups attempted to actively produce the criterion movement in the absence of KR. The results of both experiments support closed-loop theory that active practice is required...
39Ar-40Ar laser probe dating of terrestrial rocks

We have shown that for metamorphosed granites, as well as for metamorphosed sediments, it is possible to obtain a reliable K-Ar age from a sample as small as 0.2 μg. Samples with ages as young as 40 m.y. are easily studied. There is no reason to believe that the method could not be used for samples considerably younger. The main application of the laser will probably be for cases where the same mineral species has been formed during two distinct metamorphic events in the same rock. In this case, it is difficult, if not impossible, to make a mineral separate suitable for a 39 Ar- 40 Ar study. We have shown that in the case of an old granite the biotite in one sample distinctly shows thermal events at 1600 m.y. whileits primary cooling age is 2100 m.y. The thermal release study yields a good plateau age, roughly an average age of the two thermal events. An other interest of this method is demonstrated by argon dating of two different kinds of glaucophane, only one of theseshowing argon in excess.
Heart-Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Marker for Early Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Heart-fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a small cytosolic protein involved in intracellular fatty acid transport. This protein, highly concentrated in the heart, is quickly released into plasma after myocardial injury. Results from numerous studies suggest that H-FABP is an excellent marker for the early detection of myocardial damage. H-FABP is also expressed in the brain, although in lower concentrations than in the heart. Recent preliminary studies also investigated the usefulness of H-FABP for the diagnosis of acute and chronic neurological disorders. These potential applications of H-FABP in clinical practice are reviewed in this article, with a strong focus on the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and stroke.
Extraction of lanthanides with 8-quinolinol in the presence of 6-amino-4,4'-(5-nonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine

Abstract 6-Amino-4,4′-(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (ADNBP) is studied for adduct formation in combination with 8-quinolinol (HQ) for lanthanide extractions. Ytterbium, praseodymium and lanthanum are extracted as mixed complexes, LnQ 3 · ADNBP. 8-Quinolinol did not form self-adducts in these systems under the given conditions. Extractabilities are enhanced dramatically by ADNBP.
Bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent child: the first reported case.

: Bacillary angiomatosis, an infectious process associated with Rochalima spp., was thought until recently to be restricted to HIV-infected or otherwise immunosuppressed patients. In 1993, bacillary angiomatosis was reported in several immunocompetent adults. An extensive literature review failed to find references to bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompetent children. We describe a 6-year-old female who presented with a single, rapidly growing, friable, erythematous papule on her neck. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis. The patient was otherwise healthy, and her physical examination was normal. Laboratory studies, including HIV serology, were normal. The patient was treated with six weeks of oral erythromycin without evidence of recurrence. We present and discuss the implications of the first case of bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent child.
Exploring differences in caseloads of rural and urban healthcare providers in Alaska and New Mexico.

Summary Objectives Although it is commonly accepted that rural healthcare providers face demands that are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those faced by urban providers, this conclusion is based largely on data from healthcare consumers and relies on qualitative work with small sample sizes, surveys with small sample sizes, theoretical reviews and anecdotal reports. To enhance our knowledge of the demands faced by rural healthcare providers and to gain the perspectives of healthcare providers themselves, this study explored the caseloads of rural providers compared with those of urban providers. Method An extensive survey of over 1500 licensed clinicians across eight physical and behavioural healthcare provider groups in Alaska and New Mexico was undertaken to explore differences in caseloads based on community size (small rural, rural, small urban, urban), state (Alaska, New Mexico) and discipline (health, behavioural). Results Findings indicated numerous caseload differences between community sizes that were consistent across both states, with complex case presentations being described most commonly by small rural and rural providers. Substance abuse, alcohol use, cultural diversity, economic disadvantage and age diversity were issues faced more often by providers in rural and small rural communities than by providers in small urban and urban communities. Rural, but not small rural, providers faced challenges around work with prisoners and individuals needing involuntary hospitalization. Although some state and discipline differences were noted, the most important findings were based on community size. Conclusions The findings of this study have important implications for provider preparation and training, future research, tailored resource allocation, public health policy, and efforts to prevent ‘burnout’ of rural providers.
AWAITING THE CROWN'S PLEASURE The Case of Daniel M'Naughton

This article seeks to place the Daniel M'Naughton case in its political context: to argue that the court's verdict of insanity cannot be satisfactorily understood unless it is recognized that Daniel M'Naughton was apolitical criminal. The insanity verdict served to discredit M'Naughton and the political ideas he represented by interpreting his act as the product of a diseased mind. The widespread political problems that the Tory government was experiencing throughout Britain were reduced to a personal problem plaguing Daniel M'Naughton. By regarding Daniel M'Naughton as a criminal lunatic incapable of distinguishing right from wrong, the court indicated that the explanation for his behavior would have to be sought in medical or psychiatric terms instead of in political terms.
Average local ionization energies in the Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham theories.

We explore the connection between average local ionization energies computed within the Hartree−Fock (HF) and the Kohn−Sham (KS) frameworks, focusing on exchange-only KS theory. We find that they are connected through a local quantity for which good approximations exist; IHF(r) = IKS(r) + ΔVX(r). This allows determination of HF local ionization energies from exchange-only KS calculations without utilizing a nonlocal potential. We also suggest interesting research directions that emerge during our analysis.
How many stratification factors are "too many" to use in a randomization plan?

Abstract The issue of stratification and its role in patient assignment has generated much discussion, mostly focused on its importance to a study [1,2] or lack thereof [3,4]. This report focuses on a much narrower problem: assuming that stratified assignment is desired, how many factors can be accommodated? This problem is investigated for two methods of balanced patient assignments; the first is based on the minimization method of Taves [5] and the second on the commonly used method of stratified assignment [6,7]. Stimulation results show that the former method can accommodate a large number of factors (10–20) without difficulty but that the latter begins to fail if the total number of distinct combination of factor levels is greater than approximately n/2. The two methods are related to a linear discriminant model, which helps to explain the results.
Structural Basis for Activation of the Cytoskeleton Regulatory Protein IRSp53

The scaffolding protein insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53 (IRSp53) is a ubiquitous regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that mediates filopodia and lamellipodia formation under the control of Rho-family GTPases. IRSp53 is comprised of an N-terminal IRSp53/MIM homology domain (IMD) that senses negative membrane curvature and a central semi-CRIB motif followed by an SRC homology 3 (SH3) domain that binds to proline-rich regions of a wide range of actin regulators. Here, we present the crystal structure of a complex between activated CDC42 and the CRIB domain of IRSp53. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments confirm the binding of this domain to CDC42, and exclude the possibility of binding by inactive forms of CDC42 or activated forms of RAC1. Moreover, we demonstrate that the SH3 domain also binds to the CRIB domain, suggesting a mechanism of regulation where binding of CDC42 is required to release autoinhibition of the SH3 domain.
Computational Issues in the Statistical Design and Analysis of Experimental Games

One goal of experimental economics is to provide data to identify models that best describe the behavior of experimental subjects and, more generally, human economic behavior. We discuss here what we think are the three main steps required to make experimen tal investigations of economic games as statistically informative as possible: finding the solution of the ex perimental game under the postulated equilibrium or other economic models, selecting from a potential class of experimental designs the optimal one for dis criminating between those models, and choosing an optimal stopping rule that indicates when to stop sam pling data and accept one model as the best explana tion of the data. Each step can be computationally in tensive. We offer an algorithmic presentation of the necessary computations in each of the three steps and illustrate these procedures by examples from our re search on learning models in experimental games with incomplete information. These three steps of experi mental design and analysis are not limited to experi mental games, but the computational burden of imple menting these algorithms in other experimental envi ronments-for example, market experiments-requires further considerations with which we have not dealt.
From Wishing to Intending: Differences in Salience of Positive versus Negative Consequences

Goal ratings by 345 subjects in seven data samples supported a functional distinction between two types of positive incentive value, one based on approaching positive affect (positive-based value or PBV), the other on avoiding negative affect (negative-based value or NBV). Ratings of PBV were more related to ratings of earlier action-phases of motivation ("wishing"), whereas ratings of NBV tended to be more related to factors entailed in later action-phases ("urgency/priority" and "intention"). These findings and previous ones are consistent with the proposal that this distinction parallels distinctions in Maslow's motivation theory. If the parallel is accepted, the findings support predictions from Maslow's theory. Results also indicate that purportedly unidimensional rating scales of motivation can reflect more than one underlying attribute.
“Transmission of murine cytomegalovirus in breast milk: a model of natural infection in neonates”

Vertical transmission of viruses in breast milk can expose neonates to infectious pathogens at a time when the capacity of their immune system to control infections is limited. We developed a mouse model to study the outcomes of acquisition of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) when neonates are breastfed by mothers with acute or latent infection. Breast milk leukocytes collected from lactating mice were examined for the presence of MCMV IE-1 mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with Southern analysis. As determined by this criterion, breast milk leukocytes from both acute and latent mothers were positive for MCMV. This mimics the outcome seen in humans with latent cytomegalovirus infection, where reactivation of virus occurs specifically in the lactating mammary gland. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of breast milk collected from mothers with latent infection was sufficient to transfer MCMV to neonatal mice, demonstrating that breast milk was a source of virus. Furthermore, we found that MCMV was transmitted from infected mothers to breastfed neonates, with MCMV IE-1 mRNA or infectious virus present in multiple organs, including the brain. In fact, 1 day of nursing was sufficient to transmit MCMV from latent mothers to breastfed neonatal mice. Together, these data validate this mouse model of vertical transmission of MCMV from mothers with acute or latent MCMV infection to breastfed neonates. Its relevance to human disease should prove useful in future studies designed to elucidate the immunological and pathological ramifications of neonatal infection acquired via this natural route.
Hydrodynamic modeling of impact craters in ice

In this study, impact craters in water ice are modeled using the hydrodynamic code CTH. In order to capture impact cratering in ice, an equation of state and a material model were created and validated. Cratering simulation results correlated well with known experimental results found in the literature with some minor differences that are discussed. An important result from this study was that the simulations showed a proportional correlation between the damaged volume of the ice crater produced by an aluminum projectile and the projectile's momentum. Also, the identification of four distinct stages in the crater development of ice (contact and compression, initial damage progression, crater shaping, and ejected damaged material) is introduced and described.
The right to housing in the context of Nigerian law and human rights practice

Every society needs a set of laws which stipulates the rights and duties of citizens, as well as regulate the conduct of the society. But law is often perceived as repressive and unpopular by majority of the urban poor in many developing countries who feel that the law has done little or nothing to ameliorate their sufferings. For example, new evidence from satellite images has revealed the true extent of forced evictions going on in Badia East-Lagos, one of Nigeria’s mega cities. The pictures taken during and after the demolitions carried out by the Lagos State government on 23rd February 2013, clearly shows that a densely populated area containing concrete housing and other structures was razed to the ground. Given the importance of housing to the overall development and existence of mankind, it is necessary to first determine the existence of a legal right to adequate housing to warrant a demand by the citizen to fulfil this right and in order to appreciate the need for government intervention in this area.
Life histories of rural Mexican American adolescents experiencing abuse.

Histories of family violence are predictors of adolescent acceptance of interpersonal violence within intimate relationships. This study focused on the progression of abusive relationships from childhood to courtship and intimacy among 40 rural Mexican American adolescents in the southwestern United States. Emphasis was on interactions that were extensions of cultural expectations for intimacy, family, and sex roles. Within these life histories, transgenerational patterns of violence were found in patterns of learning, loving and belonging through past and present relationships. Sex-role identification with abusive behavior occurred across generations, emulating roles from the past and perpetuating expectations for abuse as part of intimacy. Previous abusive experiences were described as motivation for behavioral change, yet, within the patterns of learning, loving, and belonging in relationships, patterns of abuse and behaviors similar to the family of origin were found. An understanding of the influenti...
Sources of Income Among Many Farms—Rough Rock Navajo and Jicarilla Apache: Some Comparisons and Comments

The purpose of this paper is to compare the current economic adjustment of two relatively isolated Indian communities in the American Southwest in an attempt to document more precisely the wide range of variation in: 1) sources and distribution of income; and 2) the extent of economic self-sufficiency of the two communities. The paper is exploratory in nature and concentrates on only a limited number of comparisons which numerical data of this type make possible.
Traffic density state estimation based on acoustic fusion

In this paper, we propose an acoustic fusion based approach to classify the traffic density states. In particular, we combine the information from mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) based classifier, which models the cumulative road side signal and honk event based classifier. Honk based classifier is obtained by modeling the honk statistics for each traffic class, viz., Jam, Medium and Free. We study in detail the discriminative capabilities of honk information based classifier. Decisions from MFCC and honk classifier are then combined in probabilistic framework with an appropriate fusion strategy. We also propose to use prior honk information in-order to further improve the classification results. Classification results show good performance even with 10s of audio data.
Clinical Diagnosis and Successful Treatment of Inflammatory Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a major cause of lobar hemorrhage in older adults, and of microvascular ischemic disease. The rarest form of this disease is an inflammatory form causing seizures. It is important to recognize because the patients usually respond to a brief course of immunosuppression. Case report. A 66-year-old man developed gradual cognitive decline, insidiously increasing headaches, and then had a likely seizure. MRI showed diffuse white matter edema, and innumerable superficial microhemorrhages characteristic of amyloid angiopathy. He was empirically treated with oral prednisone and an anticonvulsant. His symptoms improved and the white matter edema resolved over several months. ApoE genotype was 4/4, which is commonly found in inflammatory amyloid angiopathy. Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy can be clinically diagnosed and treated without brain biopsy. Clinical diagnosis is important because of the good response to a brief course of steroids in most cases.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with 1:2 atrioventricular conduction.

Abstract The QRS complex of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is thought to represent a fusion beat resulting from conduction over the normal pathway and an anomalous pathway. This report demonstrates utilization of both of these pathways resulting in two ventricular responses from a single supraventricular impulse. The presence of “1:2” atrioventricular conduction in this case firmly supports the fusion beat theory of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
The numerical range of a weighted shift

Let T be a weighted shift on a Hilbert space. We compute the numerical radius of T when T is finite, circular, Hilbert-Schmidt, periodic, or a finite perturbation of periodic. For several cases we also determine whether the numerical range is closed, completing the determination of the numerical range and answering a question of Ridge. An important step is the determination of the eigenvalues of a selfadjoint tri-diagonal matrix with zeroes on its diagonal. We give a simple formula for the eigenvalues when the matrix is finite dimensional or Hilbert-Schmidt. Let SC be a separable complex Hilbert space. A continuous linear operator T on X is said to be a (weighted) shift if there is an orthonormal basis { f} and a bounded sequence of scalars { a,} such that T( f,,) = a,, fn+l. Shifts are an important class of operators, and Shields [11] provides a good survey of their properties. The numerical range of T, denoted W(T), is {(Tx, x): II x II = I}. The numerical range is always nonempty, convex, and bounded, and for a weighted shift it is circularly symmetric about the origin (see Shields [11, Proposition 16]). Because of this symmetry, when T is a weighted shift its numerical range is completely known once one determines (i) What is the numerical radius of T? (where the numerical radius of T, denoted w(T), is max{I X I X E W(T)}). (ii) Is W(T) closed? (always true if T has finite rank). Shields [11, p. 73] has remarked that little is known about these questions. The only relevant papers known to the author are by Ridge [10], who showed that the numerical radius of a shift with periodic weights is the same as that of a related circular shift; Berger and Stampfli [1, p. 1053], who computed the numerical radius of a unilateral shift with weights a, 1, 1,...; and Eckstein [3], who showed that if I a2, 12 + I a2,+1 12 < 2 for all i then the shift with weights {ai} has a numerical radius no greater than 1. This paper gives formulae for the numerical radius in several new cases. Our main technique is to analyze Re(T) (Re(T) = (T + T*)/2). Re(T) is selfadjoint, so w(Re(T)) = IlRe(T)lI. Also, W(Re(T)) is the projection onto the real axis of W(T). If T is a shift then the circular symmetry of W(T) shows that w(T) = w(Re(T)), so one can compute w(T) by computing llRe(T)ll. If T is of finite rank then so is Re(T), in which case IIRe(T)ll equals the maximum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. Further, Re(T) is selfadjoint tri-diagonal with zeroes on its diagonal, Received by the editors September 12, 1980 and, in revised form, August 24, 1981 and August 5, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47B37, 47A12; Secondary 15A60, 15A1 8. 'Research partially supported by NSF Grant MCS78-02204 C)1983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/82/0000-0808/$02.25
Effect of climate change on watershed system: a regional analysis

Climate-induced increase in surface temperatures can impact hydrologic processes of a watershed system. This study uses a continuous simulation model to evaluate potential implications of increasing temperature on water quantity and quality at a regional scale in the Connecticut River Watershed of New England. The increase in temperature was modeled using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) high and low warming scenarios to incorporate the range of possible temperature change. It was predicted that climate change can have a significant affects on streamflow, sediment loading, and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loading in a watershed. Climate change also influences the timing and magnitude of runoff and sediment yield. Changes in variability of flows and pollutant loading that are induced by climate change have important implications on water supplies, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems of a watershed. Potential impacts of these changes include deficit supplies during peak seasons of water demand, increased eutrophication potential, and impacts on fish migration.
THE PURPOSE OF A STUDENT AFFAIRS PREPARATION PROGRAM WITHIN JESUIT HIGHER EDUCATION

This article addresses the congruence of a student affairs professional preparation program within Jesuit higher education. It connects the mission of Jesuit education and Jesuit religious and educational principles to the philosophy of student affairs work in colleges and universities. A program in student development administration at Seattle University is presented as an example of how a student affairs preparation program honors Jesuit principles.
Teaching database security and auditing

Hands-on laboratory experiences are essential critical for students to understand concepts and gain real-world insights in database security and auditing. We are developing a set of hands-on labs to integrate theories of database security into practices. Our designed labs do not require purchasing any commercial software or pre-configuration. Each lab includes objectives, results, and resources to help students to understand database security concepts including access control, virtual private database, and database auditing etc. We use two major database products (Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle 10g) to design and implement our labs.
Laser-Material Interactions In Phase Change Optical Recording

We have studied laser induced crystallization and amorphization reactions in tellurium and tellurium alloy thin films, which are of interest for use in optical data storage. The writing characteristics of these films are determined by plotting changes in film reflectivity against the parameters of laser power and pulse width. The laser pulse conditions necessary for film melting, crystallization, and amorphization are identified and then checked against the results of a numerical heat diffusion model. In this way we determine the critical quenching rate for formation of the amorphous phase in pure tellurium (2 × 109 C/sec). Minimum crystallization times are determined and found to increase by orders of magnitude with addition of alloying elements such as germanium or selenium. TEM analysis reveals significant differences in the crystallization mechanisms of different alloy systems.
Phase I study of cladribine, cytarabine (Ara-C), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (CLAG Regimen) and simultaneous escalating doses of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in relapsed/refractory AML

Receptor activated tyrosine kinases such as c-kit, c-fms and PDGFR are known targets of inhibition by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and are expressed on AML blasts. Marrow stromal cells and monocytes express KIT ligand, M-CSF and PDGF and are therefore capable of activating survival pathways in these leukemic cells. Given the synergy in vitro between Ara-C and imatinib mesylate on AML cell growth inhibition, we initiated a Phase I study combining CLAG+imatinib mesylate in AML patients. Patients with relapsed, refractory AML or CML myeloid blast crisis were eligible to receive Cladribine 5mg/m(2) days 3-7, Cytarabine 2gm/m(2) days 3-7, G-CSF 300mcg days 2-7, and escalating doses of imatinib mesylate given on days 1-15. The level 1 Gleevec dose was 400mg, while level 2 was 600mg and the level 3 dose 800mg. A total of 16 patients were enrolled, 15 AML and 1 CML myeloid blast crisis. The dose escalation occurred as planned and there was no clear evidence of added toxicity due to imatinib mesylate. One patient with an extensive cardiac history died of cardiac causes on day 1 of therapy however no other deaths occurred within 30 days of starting therapy. One patient had a Grade 3 skin rash at dose level 2. The most common toxicities encountered during induction therapy were nausea, vomiting, rash and diarrhea that were transient and/or reversible. At the 800mg dose 1 patient developed a decline in cardiac ejection fraction on day 20 who later died of sepsis, so this was considered a dose limiting toxicity. Of 16 evaluable patients 11 achieved a hypocellular marrow after initial induction with 1 additional patient achieving a hypocellular marrow following a second course of the same regimen. Four patients (25%) achieved a complete morphologic response with normal cytogenetics, 2 patients (12.5%) achieved a complete morphologic response only and 1 patient had a complete response in the bone marrow but incomplete blood count recovery. The overall response rate was 43.8%. The median overall survival was 175 days (95% CI 16.24-333.76) and the median relapse free survival was 76 days. The addition of imatinib mesylate to CLAG was well tolerated with acceptable toxicities and response rates comparable to other salvage regimens. To assess the efficacy of imatinib mesylate in combination with CLAG, a larger phase II trial is now planned.
Outcome and toxicity associated with a dose‐intensified, maintenance‐free CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol in canine lymphoma: 130 cases

A dose-intensified/dose-dense chemotherapy protocol for canine lymphoma was designed and implemented at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, efficacy and toxicity in 130 dogs treated with this protocol. The majority of the dogs had advanced stage disease (63.1% stage V) and sub-stage b (58.5%). The median time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival were 219 and 323 days, respectively. These results are similar to previous less dose-intense protocols. Sub-stage was a significant negative prognostic factor for survival. The incidence of toxicity was high; 53.9 and 45% of the dogs needed dose reductions and treatment delays, respectively. Dogs that required dose reductions and treatment delays had significantly longer TTP and lymphoma-specific survival times. These results suggest that dose density is important, but likely relative, and needs to be adjusted according to the individual patient's toxicity for optimal outcome.
Bis(benzenesulfonyl) Sulfide

[4388-22-1] C12H10O4S3 (314.40) InChI = 1S/C12H10O4S3/c13-18(14,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-19(15,16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H InChIKey = YQUSJUJNDKUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a source of electrophilic sulfur in the synthesis of aromatic sulfides1, 2 and in the ring annelation of biaryls and biheteroaryls to form a thiophene ring, thus enabling an effective strategy for the preparation of extended annelated heteroaromatic structures, especially thiophene-based [n]helicenes3) Physical Data: mp 133–134 °C (lit. mp 128–130 °C,1 mp 133 °C4). Solubility: very good solubility in chloroform, dioxane, dimethylformamide, and dichloromethane; soluble in acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile. Form Supplied in: white crystalline solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR. Preparative Method: addition of sulfur dichloride (freshly distilled) in benzene to a stirred suspension of sodium benzene sulfinate (PhSO2Na) in dry benzene at room temperature, followed by filtration, evaporation of the solvent, and recrystallization of the crystalline residue; also, diethyl ether was reported to be a suitable solvent.5 Purification: recrystallization from benzene2 or acetone.5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable at ambient conditions; keep in a tightly capped container in a refrigerator (1–5 °C) for long-term storage.