cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generando números de Pitágoras

RESUMEN Este trabajo busca mostrar una forma general de encontrar arreglos de tres numeros naturales (tercias) que cumplen la relacion de Pitagoras, es decir que la suma del cuadrado de los dos menores de como resultado el cuadrado del mayor, a traves de un proceso mucho mas general que los conocidos hasta ahora, llegando incluso a proponer unas formulas que, en funcion de dos parametros permite encontrar dichos conjuntos de tres elementos, cuyos resultados se los presenta en unas tablas. Los resultados afirman la idea de que existe un infinito numero de tercias que cumplen la relacion de Pitagoras. Luego veremos como se puede usar estas tablas para construir relaciones donde la suma de los cuadrados de mas de dos numeros es igual al cuadrado de otro. Palabras clave: Teorema de Pitagoras, tercias, cuadrados, suma. ABSTRACT The paper presents a general way to define three natural numbers (triple) that satisfy the Pythagorean relationship; it is the sum of the squares of two numbers is equal to the square of a larger number, through a process much more general than known so far. We even propose formulas that in function of two parameters find these sets of three elements, the results of which are presented in tables. Results confirm the idea that there are an infinite number of triples that meet the Pythagorean relationship. Further the use of the tables is illustrated how to build relationships where the sum of the squares of more than two numbers equals the square of another. Keywords: Pythagorean Theorem, thirds, squares, sum.
Surprises in the Muddy Waters of High-Enrollment Courses

Based on a previous analysis of student reflection responses, we developed and implemented a hybrid reflection activity that allowed students to choose among a “Muddiest Point” prompt or a “Most Surprised” prompt, or to use both. We examined and coded student responses from two different courses and determined that each prompt elicits different responses and provides unique benefits. As the term progressed, student responses to the Muddiest Point prompt increased and responses to Most Surprised decreased. The Muddiest Point allows students to more directly express where they are struggling in the course, and it allows instructors to see what concepts are most confusing for students. Alternatively, many students used the Most Surprised prompt to express things that were helpful, or in some cases harmful, for their learning process. The affective quality of the response also differed based on the prompt students selected; Muddiest Point responses were more often negative whereas Most Surprised responses wer...
Healing My Whole Self.

Surviving cancer was the beginning of a long journey to healing my whole self. When I was first diagnosed with breast cancer, I was 39 years old. I had spent most of my life working in a number of high-stress communications positions in Massachusetts and had recently become the press secretary for Boston's mayor, the Honorable Thomas M. Menino. On day one, I had to tell my new boss that I would need to step down and help him find a replacement because I had cancer. It was an extremely difficult time personally and professionally, but the mayor insisted that I stay. He was gracious and positive, telling me I would get through this and not to give up. On the outside, I did my best to keep it together, but my internal voice said otherwise. .
Effect of different methods of accounting for antihypertensive treatment when assessing the relationship between diabetes or obesity and systolic blood pressure

Abstract Background Underlying blood pressure is that observed in the absence of antihypertensive treatment or, among those treated, the estimate of that which would be observed without treatment. This study aims to examine the relationships between diabetes or obesity and underlying systolic blood pressure adjusted for antihypertensive treatment by several methods. Methods Data from two population studies were analyzed—an American Indian community in Arizona and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Antihypertensive treatment was accounted for using: no adjustment; antihypertensive use as a covariate; blood pressure dichotomized into normotension and hypertension; addition of a fixed treatment effect; non-parametric algorithm; and censored normal regression. Results The magnitude of association at each time point differed by adjustment method particularly where there was a difference in prevalence of antihypertensive use between people with and without diabetes or obesity. The common methods of ignoring antihypertensive treatment or including it as a covariate in a regression model underestimated the effects of diabetes and obesity on underlying blood pressure, compared to the recommended method of the censored normal regression. Conclusion Proper accounting for antihypertensive treatment is needed in interpreting variables that affect blood pressure.
Djibouti: Subsidies, Tax Exemptions and Welfare

Universal tax exemptions were introduced in Djibouti in response to the food crisis and to shield the population from price shocks on essential food products. Djibouti depends massively on imports to meet its food needs and a large fraction of the population faces food insecurity. This paper examines the distributional effects of those untargeted subsidies in both food and fuel products. And then looks at the different reform options focusing on better targeted policies aiming at reducing poverty. Savings from a possible tax reform on fuel products and other funding resources could be rechanneled toward the poor and vulnerable. We look at the creation of a social registry of poor and vulnerable households, which will be used to target the poor and serve as a single platform used by all social assistance programs.
Obtaining Aerial Photographs

I have listed in this chapter several of the most convenient addresses to obtain archived aerial photographs and order aerial photographic missions. They include U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Archives and Record Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Canadian Aerial Photography, Mexican Aerial Photography, Foreign Aerial Photography, Google™ Earth, Municipal, county, and state geological surveys and web sites, County, state, and national park system resource archives, Municipal, county, and state water resources and flood management surveys and web sites, Municipal, county and state departments of transportation, Local aerial photography companies and many more.
Language of Trajectories

Language of Trajectories, the lowest level language of the Hierarchy of Languages, is defined in Chapter 2 (DEF 2.8). A string of this language represents of a planning path between two points for a certain element of the Complex System. An element could follow this path to reach a destination and a related subgoal. In this chapter we introduce and investigate the generating grammars, which are used to generate the Language of Trajectories for various classes of Complex Systems including concurrent systems (DEFs 2.1–2.3). Grammars for Complex Systems with variable speed (DEF 2.4) are presented in Section 9.10.
Performance Implications of Failures on MapReduce Applications

Due to the growing size of compute clusters, large scale parallel applications increasingly have to deal with hardware malfunctions and other failure scenarios during execution. The overall goal of this research is to get good performance of MapReduce applications despite failures. The paper focuses on evaluation of the performance of two representative Hadoop MapReduce applications, 'WordCount' and 'Stack Exchange', with different execution parameters and under different failure scenarios. The paper also presents different options to inject failures into MapReduce applications to simulate real world failures. Some of the preliminary observations are that slowdown due to failure is higher with relatively larger input split sizes, slowdown peaks near the optimal split size, and that the performance and slowdown are sensitive to key MapReduce execution parameters.
A Crying Neonate

Video. Click here to view the video. After watching the video clip (Video) depicting a crying neonate and viewing the accompanying photograph (Fig 1), the most likely cause of this infant’s examination findings is (note: more than 1 option is possible): Figure 1. Incomplete closure of right eyelid. The video clip depicts a 10-day-old crying neonate with a right nasolabial fold that is less prominent compared with the left. The angle of the mouth is deviated to the left. Both eyes close equally during crying. The accompanying photograph reveals that the right eye does not close completely compared with the left. These findings are suggestive of a right VII cranial nerve palsy. Skin tags can be seen on both sides of the face and the right external ear is absent (not apparent from the photograph). The right lower jaw is less prominent than the left. A scar is visible on the right parietal region of the scalp (from a ventriculoperitoneal shunt). The neonate also has an asymmetric cry and the left half of the lower lip appears to be depressed compared with the contralateral side. This is suggestive of asymmetric crying facies and results from an absent right depressor anguli oris muscle. These …
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE THERMOGENESIS AND URINARY AMINE (E, NE) ALTERATIONS

Five normally cycling women were monitored during their menstrual cycle for urinary epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). The postovulatory (luteal) urinary excretion of NE was significantly greater than preovulatory values in all patients studied. No differences were noted in urinary E. Two of these women were studied when they were on sequential (C-Quens) and combined (Ovulen-21) oral contraceptives. A significant increase in urinary NE was observed when on the combined oral contraceptive and not the sequential. Basal temperature changes confined the thermogenic effect of this increased NE.
Using Visualization Software in the Audit of Revenue Transactions to Identify Anomalies

ABSTRACT Recent changes in the accounting profession require students to enter the workforce with technical and critical-thinking skills using large datasets. In an audit setting, an important skil...
Affordable Eye Tracking for Informed Web Design

Eye tracking hardware and software can be used to analyze and improve websites. If conducting an eye tracking study is too costly, examining mouse movement data can also provide similar insights into user behavior as eye gaze data. Prior research has shown eye gaze and mouse cursor position can strongly correlate. The strength of the correlation, however, depends on the design of the website. It is important to determine if mouse tracking is a reliable substitute for eye tracking as new design patterns emerge. Today, there are low-cost eye tracking solutions available, enabling a wider audience to conduct their own eye-mouse correlation studies. In this paper, we use The Eye Tribe Eye Tracker and the analysis software, EyeProof, to find the relationship between eye gaze and mouse position on the Florida Institute of Technology Human-Centered Design Institute website. The results indicate that mouse tracking data may be a suitable substitute for eye tracking data on the studied website and it may be feasible to use consumer-grade eye tracking products to conduct similar assessments.
EASY: Efficient Segment Assignment Strategy for Reducing Tail Latencies in Pinot

Customer facing online services, such as LinkedIn and Uber, rely on scalable and low-latency data stores to maintain acceptable query tail latencies. An important challenge for managing the performance of these systems is the assignment of newly created data segments to data nodes to balance load. Given the rate at which these services are accessed (thus generating new data), the segment assignment problem is particularly important. This paper presents EASY, an efficient segment assignment strategy that leverages analytical modeling to predict the future load induced by data segments, thus allowing for long-term balancing of load across data nodes. Our implementation and evaluation of EASY on Pinot shows that we can significantly reduce query tail latencies in the presence of dynamically generated data segments.
Hemoglobin and myoglobin contributions to skeletal muscle oxygenation in response to exercise.

The quantitative contributions of hemoglobin and myoglobin oxygenation in skeletal muscle depend on physiological factors, especially muscle blood flow (Q m ) and capillary permeability-surface area (PS). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to quantify total heme oxidation, but it is unable to distinguish between hemoglobin and myoglobin. Therefore, a mechanistic computational model has been developed to distinguish the contributions of oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin to the total NIRS signal. Model simulations predict how Q m and PS can affect oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin.Although both hemoglobin and myoglobin oxygenation decrease with impaired Q m , simulations show that myoglobin provides a greater contribution to the overall NIRS signal. A decrease of PS primarily affects myoglobin oxygenation. Based on model simulations, the contribution of myoglobin oxygenation to the total NIRS signal can be significantly different under pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes and peripheral arterial disorder.
Stabilization of lactate dehydrogenase following freeze-thawing and vacuum-drying in the presence of trehalose and borate

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of trehalose and trehalose/sodium tetraborate mixtures on the recovery of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity following freeze-thawing and centrifugal vacuum-drying/rehydration. The storage stability of LDH under conditions of either high relative humidity or high temperature was also studied.
Supply Chain Analysis and E-Business

Supply chain analysis is the study of quantitative models that characterize various economic tradeoffs in the supply chain. The field has made significant strides in both theoretical and practical fronts. On the theoretical front, supply chain analysis inspires new research ventures that blend operations research, game theory, and microeconomics. These ventures result in an unprecedented amalgamation of prescriptive, descriptive, and predictive models characteristic of each subfield. On the practical front, supply chain analysis offers solid foundations for strategic positioning, policy setting, and decision making. Over the past two decades, not only has supply chain analysis become a strategic focus of leading firms, it has also spawned an impressive array of research that brings together diverse research communities. Adding to this diversity and intellectual energy is the emergence of E-Business. E-Business creates new competitive dimensions that are fast-paced, ever-changing, and risk-prone, dimensions where innovation, speed, and technological savvy often define success. Most importantly, E-Business challenges the premises and expands the scope of supply chain analysis.
A Gust Soaring Controller for Small Uninhabited Gliders

1024x768 Normal 0 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} The focus of this paper is on gust soaring: energy extraction from atmospheric turbulence by small- and mini-uninhabited aerial vehicles. A controller which superimposes a gust-dependent control input on a state-feedback derived control input is proposed. A genetic algorithm is used to obtain control gains and the optimal nominal trim state is described. Control laws are designed for both vertical sinusoidal gust fields as well as vertical and longitudinal Dryden gust fields. The optimal trim state and controller gains are shown to vary with gust intensity, and results of Monte Carlo simulations show significant energy savings for the gust soaring controller over a feedback-only controller.
MnIII-Peroxo adduct supported by a new tetradentate ligand shows acid-sensitive aldehyde deformylation reactivity

The new tetradentate L7BQ ligand (L7BQ = 1,4-di(quinoline-8-yl)-1,4-diazepane) has been synthesized and shown to support MnII and MnIII-peroxo complexes. X-ray crystallography of the [MnII(L7BQ)(OTf)2] complex shows a monomeric MnII center with the L7BQ ligand providing four donor nitrogen atoms in the equatorial field, with two triflate ions bound in the axial positions. When this species is treated with H2O2 and Et3N at -40 °C, a MnIII-peroxo adduct, [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ is formed. The formation of this new intermediate is supported by a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including electronic absorption, Mn K-edge X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance methods. Evaluation of extended X-ray absorption fine structure data for [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ resolved Mn-O bond distances of 1.85 A, which are on the short end of those previously reported for crystallographically characterized MnIII-peroxo adducts. An analysis of the X-ray pre-edge region of [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ revealed a large pre-edge area of 20.8 units. Time-dependent density functional theory computations indicate that the pre-edge intensity is due to Mn 4p-3d mixing caused by geometric distortions from centrosymmetry induced by both the peroxo and L7BQ ligands. The reactivity of [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ towards aldehydes was assessed through reaction with cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde and 2-phenylpropionaldehyde. From these experiments, it was determined that [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ only reacts with aldehydes in the presence of acid. Specifically, the addition of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid to [MnIII(O2)(L7BQ)]+ converts the MnIII-peroxo adduct to a new intermediate that could be responsible for the observed aldehyde deformylation activity. These observations underscore the challenges in identifying the reactive metal species in aldehyde deformylation reactions.
Civil Recourse Theory’s Reductionism

INTRODUCTION 449 I. POINTS OF AGREEMENT WITH CIVIL RECOURSE 450 II. CRITIQUE OF CIVIL RECOURSE THEORY 451 A. HOW DOES SOMETHING BECOME A CIVIL WRONG? 451 B. CIVIL RECOURSE THEORY’S CIRCULARITY 452 C. WHAT CIVIL RECOURSE THEORY DOES NOT EXPLAIN 454 D. CIVIL RECOURSE AND PRODUCTS LIABILITY 456 III. TOWARD TORT LAW’S PLACE IN A LARGER LIABILITY SYSTEM 461 IV. THE ROLE OF CIVIL RECOURSE 463 CONCLUSION 467
MAGIC versus MacDonald treatment regimens for gastric cancer: Trends and predictors of multimodal therapy for gastric cancer using the National Cancer Database.

Abstract Background Multimodal therapy is beneficial in gastric cancer, however this practice is not universal. This study examines trends, identifies associative factors, and examines overall survival (OS) benefit from multimodal therapy in gastric cancer. Methods Gastric cancer patients staged IB-III from 2005 to 2014, identified using the National Cancer Database, were categorized by treatment: surgery alone, perioperative chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemoradiation. Groups were analyzed to identify associative factors of perioperative therapy. Results We examined 9243 patients, with the majority receiving multimodal therapy (57%). The proportion of those receiving perioperative chemotherapy rose dramatically from 7.5% in 2006 to 46% in 2013. Academic center treatment was strongly associated with perioperative over adjuvant therapy (p Conclusions Treatment of gastric cancer with multimodal therapy has risen significantly since 2005, largely due to increasing use of perioperative chemotherapy. As perioperative therapy becomes more prevalent, more patients will have the opportunity for the improved survival benefit of multimodal therapy.
Abstract 1120: Proinflammatory milieu promotes leptomeningeal metastasis by activation of LCN2

The tumor microenvironment is emerging as a critical regulator of cancer progression, especially in metastatic brain malignancies. The unique properties of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) require a specific framework for acquisition of metastatic traits within the fluid-filled leptomeningeal space. Here, we discuss a number of the distinct features of the proinflammatory environment, including cancer cells and relevant immune cells. We also highlight the exact role of its contribution to cancer growth in the development of LM. Proinflammatory cytokines induce the secretion of cancer-derived LCN2. Mechanistically, we have uncovered that iron, transported by LCN2, supports cancer cell growth. By pharmacologic interference with iron uptake, we will prove its therapeutic beneficence for targeting LM in pre-clinical models. Citation Format: Yudan Chi. Proinflammatory milieu promotes leptomeningeal metastasis by activation of LCN2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1120.
Feeding One Million People on Mars

Food production on Mars is usually thought of in terms of growing plants to partially support small exploration crews for short- to medium-term stays. Here, we consider the more radical goal of pro...
Prevalence of antibodies to arenaviruses in rodents from the southern and western United States: evidence for an arenavirus associated with the genus Neotoma.

The objectives of this study were to extend our knowledge of the geographic distribution and rodent host range of arenaviruses in North America. Sera from wild rodents collected from the southern and western United States were tested for antibody against Tamiami, Pichinde, Junin, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Antibody to at least one arenavirus was found in 220 (3.1%) of 7,106 rodents tested. The antibody-positive animals included Mus musculus from Florida and Texas ; Neotoma albigula from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico ; N. fuscipes and N. lepida from California : N. mexicana from Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah ; N. stephensi from Arizona and New Mexico ; and Oryzomys palustris and Sigmodon hispidus from Florida. Sigmodon hispidus seropositive for Tamiami virus were found only in Florida (156 [27.0%] of 578 tested), although 463 hispid cotton rats from outside that state were examined. High-titered antibodies to Tamiami virus were present in sera from S. hispidus, (geometric mean antibody titer [GMAT] of 1 :792), whereas sera from Neotoma spp. reacted at high titer to both Tamiami (GMAT = 1 :905) and Pichinde (GMAT = 1 :433) viruses. The results suggest that arenaviruses are widely distributed in the southern United States and that one or more indigenous arenaviruses are associated with Neotoma spp. in North America.
Role of TH17 Responses in Increasing Herpetic Keratitis in the Eyes of Mice Infected with HSV-1.

Purpose TH17 cells play an important role in host defense and autoimmunity yet very little is known about the role of IL17 in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infectivity. To better understand the relationship between IL17 and HSV-1 infection, we assessed the relative impact of IL17A-deficiency and deficiency of its receptors on HSV-1 responses in vivo. Methods We generated IL17RA-/- and IL17RA-/-RC-/- mice in-house and infected them along with IL17A-/- and IL17RC-/- mice in the eyes with 2 × 105 PFU/eye of wild type (WT) HSV-1 strain McKrae. WT C57BL/6 mice were used as control. Virus replication in the eye, survival, corneal scarring (CS), angiogenesis, levels of latency-reactivation, and levels of CD8 and exhaustion markers (PD1, TIM3, LAG3, CTLA4, CD244, and CD39) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of infected mice were determined on day 28 postinfection. Results No significant differences in virus replication in the eye, survival, latency, reactivation, and exhaustion markers were detected among IL17A-/-, IL17RA-/-, IL17RC-/-, IL17RA-/-RC-/-, and WT mice. However, mice lacking IL17 had significantly less CS and angiogenesis than WT mice. In addition, angiogenesis levels in the absence of IL17RC and irrespective of the absence of IL17RA were significantly less than in IL17A- or IL17RA-deficient mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that the absence of IL17 protects against HSV-1-induced eye disease, but has no role in protecting against virus replication, latency, or reactivation. In addition, our data provide rationale for blocking IL17RC function rather than IL17A or IL17RA function as a key driver of HSV-1-induced eye disease.
Looking Back to Move Forward: Charles Fowler and His Reconstructionist Philosophy of Music Education:

Charles Fowler (1931–1995) was an important thinker whose reconstructionist philosophy of music education represents an untold view worthy of examination in the modern context. Fowler described the...
Rh2P Activity at a Fraction of the Cost? Co2–xRhxP Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

The composition-dependent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Co2–xRhxP nanoparticles in acid is reported. The motivation for the current study stems from (1) prior work demonstrating tha...
Governing youth in times of dissent: essay competitions, politics of history, and emotions

This article examines the AKP’s youth politics in the aftermath of the 2013 Gezi Protests. It focuses on a seemingly mundane cultural practice of essay writing and student essay competitions to inv...
Toward a Better Understanding of Perceptions of Neighborhood Social Cohesion in Rural and Urban Places

Despite longstanding ideas in sociology and related disciplines that hold rural life as being more communal and harmonious, little is known about the ways that social cohesion is defined or distributed in rural versus urban places. Stemming largely from scholarship on urban neighborhood inequality and concentrated disadvantage, as well as subsequent offshoots of collective efficacy theory, studies of place-based cohesion have been largely urban-centric. In this study we seek to examine whether cohesion varies significantly across rural and urban contexts and whether place-based poverty is related to cohesion similarly in each context. We expand beyond local studies to use data from the 2016 Missouri Crime Victimization Survey (N = 1873), which contains strong rural and urban samples, and is broadly representative of the state of Missouri—a state in which the population is approximately 30 percent rural—to examine these questions. Descriptive statistics show the social cohesion index, neighbors’ willingness to help, and perceptions of them being close knit and trusted as being significantly higher in rural communities, but that perceptions that neighbors get along and share the same values did not significantly differ. Local poverty significantly predicted one item, trust, in rural communities and the cohesion index and all of its components in urban communities. After including controls, coefficients on poverty retained significance for trust in rural communities and for four of six outcomes in urban ones, but they did not differ significantly across groups in equality of coefficients tests. Poverty was most strongly and consistently associated with perceptions of trust in both locales. Results contribute to a more refined understanding of the ways that social cohesion is conceptualized in different places, and the extent to which poverty plays into residents’ perceptions.
#FreeGrace and the Racialized Surveillance State of COVID-19 Learning

On July 14th, 2020, ProPublica published “A Teenager Didn’t Do Her Online Schoolwork. So a Judge Sent Her to Juvenile Detention”, a story about “Grace”, a fifteen-year-old who was sent to a detention center for remote learning infractions. While the larger story involves injustices of the legal system often experienced by minoritized students, there is also a smaller indictment. The surveillance technologies embedded in educational technology tools that allowed learning to continue during the onslaught of COVID-19 can have disproportionately negative effects for minoritized students. Using Grace’s story, I examine the connection between surveillance and racial capitalism in relation to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, implications of the converged state of pandemic learning and possible solutions are discussed.
Genome-wide identification studies - A primer to explore new genes in plant species.

Genome data have accumulated rapidly in recent years, doubling roughly after every 6 months due to the influx of next-generation sequencing technologies. A plethora of plant genomes are available in comprehensive public databases. This easy access to data provides an opportunity to explore genome datasets and recruit new genes in various plant species not possible a decade ago. In the past few years, many gene families have been published using these public datasets. These genome-wide studies identify and characterize gene members, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, protein interactions and gene ontologies, and predict putative gene functions using various computational tools. Such studies provide meaningful information and an initial framework for further functional elucidation. This review provides a concise layout of approaches used in these gene family studies and demonstrates an outline for employing various plant genome datasets in future studies.
Love Is a Story: A New Theory of Relationships

Part I: Introduction 1. Love as a Story 2. Our Multiple Stories of Love 3. Story Elements 5. Where Do Stories Come from and Where Do They Go? 6. Stories We're Supposed to Tell: The Cultural Matrix Part II: Love Stories Art Business Collection Cookbook Fantasy Game Garden Government History Horror, House and Home Humorous Mystery Police Pornography Recovery Religion Science Science Fiction Sewing and Knitting Teacher and Student Theater-Script Travel Part III: Implications 7. Testing the Story View 8. What Is Love?
Childhood and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior with an Emphasis on Girls

Disturbances in the processes of development that lead to suicidal behavior among girls have not been systematically studied. The concepts discussed in this chapter were derived from a literature review and my many years of experience in treating suicidal latency-age children and adolescents. A developmental and psychoanalytic framework is used here to make a comparison of suicidal latency-age and adolescent girls and of suicidal girls and boys.
No Financial Cleanup: A Study of Venture Capital Returns on Cleantech IPOs

We studied the financial returns of 52 venture-capital-backed cleantech companies that had IPOs between 2000 and 2010. The median IRR for the first round of venture capital was 26.1% with a range from -10.4% to 140.0%. The median IRR on the third round was 24.5% with a range from 8.1% to 184.6%. We found that the returns on venture capital invested in cleantech companies were not satisfactory because the median returns on our study fell way short of the 80% that venture capitalists expect for successful early-stage investments and the 40% for successful later stage ones. To put it in perspective, the median venture capital return of first round investments in Internet companies was 506.9%; in software companies 124.8%; and computer hardware companies 148.9%. We believe that a median annual return of around 25% is not high enough to sustain venture capital investment at its current level.
Complexity Regularization with Application to Artificial Neural Networks

Concepts of universal data compression lead to minimum description-length criteria for parsimonious statistical model selection for the estimation of functions. In this paper we define general complexity regularization criteria and establish bounds on the statistical risk of the estimated functions. These bounds establish consistency, yield rates of convergence, and demonstrate the near asymptotic optimality of the model selection criterion in both parametric and nonparametric cases. A fundamental role is played by an index of resolvability that quantifies the tradeoff between complexity and accuracy of candidate models. Applications are given to polynomial regression and artificial neural networks.
Twisted Derived Equivalences for Affine Schemes

We show how work of Rickard and Toen completely resolves the question of when two twisted affine schemes are derived equivalent.
Recent Developments in High-precision Computational Methods for Simple Atomic and Molecular Systems

Within the last few years, there has been a resurgence of interest in high-accuracy calculations of simple atomic and molecular systems. For helium, such calculations have reached an extraordinary degree of precision. These achievements are only partially based on the availability of increased computational power. We review the present state of developments for such accurate calculations, with an emphasis on variational methods. Because of the central place occupied by the helium atom and its ground state, much of the discussion centers on methods developed for helium. Some of these methods have also been applied to more complex systems, and calculations on such systems now approach or even surpass a level of precision once only associated with calculations on helium. Hence, other atoms and molecules amenable to high-precision methods are also discussed.
Database Tuning Advisor for Microsoft SQL Server 2005

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of Database Tuning Advisor's (DTA's) novel functionality, the rationale for its architecture, and demonstrates DTA's quality and scalability on large customer workloads. The DTA is part of Microsoft SQL Server 2005. It is an automated physical database design tool that significantly advances the state-of-the-art in several ways. First, the DTA is capable of providing an integrated physical design recommendation for horizontal partitioning, indexes, and materialized views. Second, unlike today's physical design tools that focus solely on performance, the DTA also supports the capability for a database administrator (DBA) to specify manageability requirements while optimizing for performance. Third, the DTA is able to scale to large databases and workloads using several novel techniques including: workload compression, reduced statistics creation, and exploiting test server to reduce load on production server. Finally, the DTA greatly enhances scriptability and customization through the use of a public XML schema for input and output.
Application of two-dimensional selective-TOCSY HMBC for structure elucidation of impurities in mixture without separation.

In the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory expectations driven by patient safety considerations make structure elucidation of impurities at levels greater than 0.1% in the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of primary interest. Impurities can be generated from isomers in starting materials, or produced from different process steps toward the final API. Proton peaks belonging to different impurities could be potentially identified in the one-dimensional 1H NMR spectrum, when evaluated in combination with two-dimensional (2-D) COSY and HSQC data. However, in 2-D HMBC data, correlation responses from different impurities may overlap with those from the major component, causing uncertainty of long-range proton to carbon correlations and quaternary carbon assignments. This observation prompts us to design the 2-D selective-TOCSY HMBC experiment to distinguish responses from different impurities in mixtures to obtain 2-D NMR data for each impurity, thus eliminating the use of a chromatographic isolation step to obtain material for NMR analysis. This methodology is demonstrated for structure elucidation of impurities ranging from 8.2% in the raw material to 0.4% in the API in this study, and would be particularly useful for industrial samples in which the solubility and availability of material are not an issue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fine Scale Microstructure in Cast and Aged Duplex Stainless Steels Investigated by Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) allows clustering phenomena to be studied in systems for which the constituent atoms do not differ greatly in atomic number. This investigation used SANS to characterize the fine scale microstructure in two cast and aged duplex stainless steels that are used in the nuclear industry; aging times extended up to eight years. The steels differed in ferrite content by about a factor of two. The intensity at the lowest scattering angle was dominated by scattering effects that were largely removed by applying a 4-kilogauss magnetic field and is, therefore, associated with the ferrite phase. In the range of momentum transfer 0.025 ? q ? 0.2 A - 1 , additional scattering caused by a precipitate phase, assumed to be rich in nickel and silicon, was observed. This scattering was rather intense, and the volume fraction of precipitate, in the ferrite, was estimated to be 12 to 18% after long time aging. After 70 000 h at 400°C, there were about 10 2 4 precipitate particles per m 3 , some 50 A in mean diameter, and they were distributed in a nonrandom manner, that is, spatially, short-range ordered. This investigation suggests that after aging some 70 000 h at 400°C, the precipitate in the ferrite phase is undergoing ripening or coarsening. The present data are insufficient to indicate at what time this ripening process began.
Short Communication: Cheminformatics Analysis to Identify Predictors of Antiviral Drug Penetration into the Female Genital Tract

Abstract The exposure of oral antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in the female genital tract (FGT) is variable and almost unpredictable. Identifying an efficient method to find compounds with high tissue penetration would streamline the development of regimens for both HIV preexposure prophylaxis and viral reservoir targeting. Here we describe the cheminformatics investigation of diverse drugs with known FGT penetration using cluster analysis and quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) modeling. A literature search over the 1950–2012 period identified 58 compounds (including 21 ARVs and representing 13 drug classes) associated with their actual concentration data for cervical or vaginal tissue, or cervicovaginal fluid. Cluster analysis revealed significant trends in the penetrative ability for certain chemotypes. QSAR models to predict genital tract concentrations normalized to blood plasma concentrations were developed with two machine learning techniques utilizing drugs' molecular descriptors and p...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Women Vary by Income and Neighborhood Poverty

We examined racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms during pregnancy among a population-based sample of childbearing women in California (N = 24,587). We hypothesized that these racial/ethnic disparities would be eliminated when comparing women with similar incomes and neighborhood poverty environments. Neighborhood poverty trajectory descriptions were linked with survey data measuring age, parity, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and depressive symptoms. We constructed logistic regression models among the overall sample to examine both crude and adjusted racial/ethnic disparities in feeling depressed. Next, stratified adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to examine racial/ethnic disparities in feeling depressed among women of similar income levels living in similar neighborhood poverty environments. We found that racial/ethnic disparities in feeling depressed remained only among women who were not poor themselves and who lived in long-term moderate or low poverty neighborhoods.
Botrytis Blight of Flowering Potted Plants

Botrytis blight is very common in greenhouse crops. Control of B. cinerea is challenging because of its abilities to survive as a saprophyte, rapidly invade host tissues, and quickly produce abunda...
Folk theories of “inquiry:” How preservice teachers reproduce the discourse and practices of an atheoretical scientific method

Despite the ubiquity of the term “inquiry” in science education literature, little is known about how teachers conceptualize inquiry, how these conceptions are formed and reinforced, how they relate to work done by scientists, and if these ideas about inquiry are translated into classroom practice. This is a multicase study in which 14 preservice secondary science teachers developed their own empirical investigations—from formulating questions to defending results in front of peers. Findings indicate that participants shared a tacit framework of what it means to “do science” which shaped their investigations and influenced reflections on their inquiries. Some facets of the participants' shared model were congruent with authentic inquiry; however, the most consistent assumptions were misrepresentations of fundamental aspects of science: for example, that a hypothesis functions as a guess about an outcome, but is not necessarily part of a larger explanatory system; that background knowledge may be used to provide ideas about what to study, but this knowledge is not in the form of a theory or other model; and that theory is an optional tool one might use at the end of a study to help explain results. These ideas appear consistent with a “folk theory” of doing science that is promoted subtly, but pervasively, in textbooks, through the media, and by members of the science education community themselves. Finally, although all participants held degrees in science, the participants who eventually used inquiry in their own classrooms were those who had significant research experiences in careers or postsecondary study and greater science-content background. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 481–512, 2004
Academic press and sense of community: Conflict, congruence, and implications for student achievement

This paper examines tensions between two visions of schooling. One stresses social cohesion (i.e., common beliefs, shared activities, and caring relations between members). The other emphasizes strong academic mission (i.e., values and practices that reinforce high standards for student performance). Though not incongruous, numerous organizational studies reveal the potential for social cohesion and communality to be achieved at the expense of academic demand or “press.” To examine their separate and joint effects, measures of academic press and communality are developed from NELS:88 First Follow-up data. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicate (1) significant links between academic press and student achievement; (2) that academic press has its greatest achievement effect among low-SES schools; (3) that strong sense of community may have a negative impact on achievement in low-SES schools with weak academic press; and (4) that for low- and middle-SES schools, the greatest achievement effects follow from strong combinations of communality and academic press. These findings highlight an important additional component of the “school as community” model, indicating that for most schools, academic press serves as a key prerequisite for the positive achievement effects of communality.
Thiolate-bridged heterodinuclear platinum–zinc chelates as models for ternary platinum–DNA–protein complexes and zinc ejection from zinc fingers. Evidence from studies using ESI-mass spectrometry

Structures for model ternary platinum–DNA–protein complexes and zinc ejection from zinc fingers by platinum were deduced from the ESI-MS spectra of the interaction of model Zn and Pt complexes.
Civilization and Self-Government: The Political Thought of Carlo Cattaneo

Filippo Sabetti (2010) Civilization and Self-Government: The Political Thought of Carlo Cattaneo(Lanham, MD: Lexington Books), 261 pp., ISBN 97807391375298, $70.00, hard cover Carlo Cattaneo remain...
Harmonic modeling of single-phase three-level hysteresis inverters

The paper derives a closed-form analytical approximation of the output current harmonic spectrum for the three-level single-phase inverters under the action of hysteresis current control. The error current harmonic spectrum is directly calculated from the system and controller parameters. The analytical approach consists of deriving the instantaneous frequency of the error current and then approximating the error current by a frequency-modulated triangular signal. The error current harmonic spectrum reduces to a frequency convolution of two series of Bessel functions of the first kind. A truncation simplification of the output harmonic profile that is suitable for numerical calculations is also provided. MATLAB\Simulink© studies are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed model.
An assimilation effect in perceptions of Sweden's political parties on the left-right dimension

The hypothesis that people would assimilate in their perceptions of the position of a preferred political party was tested using the left-right dimension in Sweden's 1976 National Election Survey. The hypothesis was supported within each of five party preference groups. People who strongly identified with their party showed a stronger tendency towd assimilation, but the effect was also present among people with a weak identification.
Guideline-inconsistent breast cancer screening for women over 50: a vignette-based survey.

BACKGROUND Professional organizations have issued guidelines recommending breast cancer screening for women 50 years of age.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the detection and quantitation of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Very low concentrations of NDGA in various extracts are detectable, thus making the method more sensitive than other previously reported analytical techniques. NDGA was extracted from leaves of Larrea divaricata as well as from rodent food containing NDGA. Since rats are fed NDGA in studies that examine the development of renal cystic disease, we modified extraction procedures to permit isolation of NDGA from tissue and serum samples.
Asynchronous and Clocked Control Structures for VSLI Based Interconnection Networks

A central issue in the design of multiprocessor systems is the interconnection network which provides communication paths between the processors. For large systems, high bandwidth interconnection networks will require numerous "network chips" with each chip implementing some subnetwork of the original larger network. Modularity and growth are important properties for such networks since multiprocessor systems may vary in size. This paper is concerned with the question of timing control of such networks. Two approaches, asynchronous and clocked, are used in the design of a basic network switching module. The modules and the approaches are then modeled and equations for network time delay are developed. These equations form the basis for a comparison between the two approaches. The importance of clock distribution strategies and clock skew is quantified, and a network clock distribution scheme which guarantees equal length clock paths is presented.
ADSORPTION OF IONS AT CHARGED SITES AND PHASE BOUNDARY POTENTIALS.

The Poisson equation is used to determine for the equilibrium case the space profile of the electric potential at the boundary of two phases, one of which contains anionic sites able to adsorb selectively available cations. The solution has given an expression for the effective width of the space profile of the phase boundary potential in terms of the concentrations and the adsorption characteristics of the ions. It is shown that the sign of one (lumped) parameter determines the sign of the potential. It is also shown that a value of 66 A can be obtained for the effective width of the space profile of the phase boundary potential. The implications concerning the nature of the “membrane” are briefly discussed.