cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uniaxial creep behavior of V-4Cr-4Ti alloy.

We are undertaking a systematic study at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate the uniaxial creep behavior of V-Cr-Ti alloys in a vacuum environment as a function of temperature in the range of 650-800 C and at applied stress levels of 75-380 MPa. Creep strain in the specimens is measured by a linear-variable-differential transducer, which is attached between the fixed and movable pull rods of the creep assembly. Strain is measured at sufficiently frequent intervals during testing to define the creep strain/time curve. A linear least-squares analysis function is used to ensure consistent extraction of minimum creep rate, onset of tertiary creep, and creep strain at the onset of tertiary creep. Creep test data, obtained at 650, 700, 725, and 800 C, showed power-law creep behavior. Extensive analysis of the tested specimens is conducted to establish hardness profiles, oxygen content, and microstructural characteristics. The data are also quantified by the Larson-Miller approach, and correlations are developed to relate time to rupture, onset of tertiary creep, times for 1 and 2% strain, exposure temperature, and applied stress.
Acute kidney injury and regional abdominal perfusion during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction.

Objective Our objective was to determine whether regional visceral perfusion during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction attenuates postoperative acute kidney injury. Methods A technique to provide simultaneous perfusion to the brain and viscera during aortic arch reconstruction in neonates was developed and applied (multisite perfusion). The effect of the technique on postoperative renal function was assessed by comparing the incidence of acute kidney injury in neonates undergoing multisite perfusion to a control group of neonates who underwent aortic arch reconstruction with regional cerebral perfusion alone. Results Thirteen neonates underwent multisite perfusion during procedures involving reconstruction of the aortic arch. Twenty-four neonates who underwent similar procedures with regional cerebral perfusion alone were selected as controls. The incidence of acute kidney injury in those undergoing multisite perfusion was 8% (n = 1), compared with 50% (n = 12) in the control group (P = .01). The median percentage change in estimated creatinine clearance was 0 (−33 to +60) in the multisite perfusion group, compared with −29 (−50 to +14) in the control group (P Conclusions Acute kidney injury is common after reconstruction of the aortic arch in neonates. By providing direct visceral perfusion during surgery, this simple multisite perfusion technique may ameliorate acute kidney injury in these neonates. Further investigation of this technique is warranted.
Rural nursing homes: a housing option for older adults

Rural conditions and circumstances contribute to different perspectives on institutional long-term care. A rural ethnographic study revealed issues of transition into and out of nursing homes as identified and illustrated by older adults, their families, and care providers. Findings included the use of rural nursing homes as an alternate housing option because of limited assisted-living options, appropriate and inappropriate referrals to nursing homes, and strained family caregivers. Helping olders adults and families evaluate and access appropriate community resources, including housing, is essential to providing continuity of care.
A plasma membrane-associated AAA-ATPase from Glycine max.

An AAA-ATPase (ATPases Associated with a Variety of Cellular Activities) localized to the plasma membrane of soybean (Glycine max) was isolated, partially sequenced and cloned (SBPM AAA-ATPase). The protein with an apparent monomer molecular mass of about 97 kDa was isolated using a combination of anion exchange, preparative SDS-PAGE, reverse phase HPLC, and ATP affinity chromatography. The cDNA for the full-length SBPM AAA-ATPase was cloned by screening an expression library using an antibody against the highly conserved Walker B AAA-ATP-binding motif. Northern blot analysis detected one transcript of ∼2700 bp. The full-length cDNA sequence was that previously obtained (GenBank Database; U20213) encoding a protein with two copies of the conserved AAA-ATP-binding motif and regions of sequence homology with other AAA-ATPases. Electron microscopic preparations of the recombinant SBPM AAA-ATPase revealed hexamers typically formed by these proteins. The cloned and expressed protein was identical to the protein isolated from the soybean plasma membrane as confirmed using antisera raised to a non-conserved region of the derived protein sequence and by N-terminal sequencing of peptides derived from the isolated protein.
Hemispheric deconnection syndrome with cerebral birth injury in the dominant arm area.

Abstract Behavioral testing for interhemispheric integration in a commissurotomized boy with asymmetric cortical damage indicates a compensatory strengthening in the ipsilateral somesthetic representation of the left hand in the left hemisphere. Unlike previous commissurotomy patients, this subject could name, describe, and locate objects felt by the left as well as the right hand, and could use the left hand to tactually retrieve items, the pictures or names of which had been presented to the right visual field. Evidence was not found for a similar bilateral tactual representation of the right hand. Limited enhancement of language capacities in the minor hemisphere was also found in the form of left handed transcription of printed words into script, and some ability to write and speak about objects in the left hand.
A Crawler for Local Search

Vertical search engines enable users to find information related to a certain topic. A local search engine is a vertical search engine whose topic revolves around a certain geographical area (such as a city, state, country, etc…) In this paper we describe our experiences developing a crawler for a local search engine for the city of Bellingham, Washington, USA. We focus on the tasks of crawling and indexing a large amount of highly relevant Web pages, and then demonstrate ways in which our search engine has the capability to outperform an industrial search engine.
Nonideal electrochemical behavior of biomimetic iron porphyrins: interfacial potential distribution across multilayer films.

The electrochemical behavior of multilayer films formed by iron porphyrins deposited on an edge plane graphite electrode has been examined under anaerobic conditions. In the scan rate interval (1−250 mV/s) where the electrode reaction is reversible, CV diagrams of these films demonstrate substantial deviations from ideality in broadening and separation of the peaks. A model that describes the observed behavior is proposed by taking into account the potential distribution at the electrode/film interface and the concentration dependence of surface activity coefficients. The peak separation is described in terms of the electric double layer that affects the potential difference driving the electrode reaction. The effective potential difference deviates from the applied value due to the potential distribution across the film. The interfacial potential distribution depends on the ionic concentration inside the film. When different ionic concentrations are assumed for oxidation and reduction, different shifts f...
Genetic protocols review by Institutional Review Boards at National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers.

ABSTRACT Absent a clear and enforceable national policy on cancer genetic testing and genetic research, the responsibility may currently be on institutional review boards to regulate those activities at their institutions through protocol approval or disapproval. The survey reported here was carried out to gain information on National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center policies governing institutional review board review of genetic protocols and the preparedness of institutional review boards to review genetic protocols. Thirty-five responses (63% response rate) were received, of which 30 were evaluable. Twenty-four responders reported that they believed that there is a need for research that may lead to improved review of genetic research and genetic testing protocols. Only 14 responders felt adequately informed of current and developing issues and legislation relative to genetic testing and research. Seven responders reported that their cancer centers require an institutional review board-approve...
Deoxyribonucleic Acids of Sperm, Eggs and Somatic Cells of the Sea Urchin, Arbacia punctulata

A SEARCH of the literature reveals no report of the comparative base composition of deoxyribonucleic acids isolated from the two gametes and the somatic cells of the same species. Yet the molecular events whereby genetic information from egg and sperm is integrated on fertilization are of fundamental importance in our understanding of the molecular basis of heredity and development in higher animals. These facts prompted the work recorded here, which is concerned with properties of the DNA isolated from sperm, eggs and adult somatic cells of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Sperm and eggs were obtained either by the mild electric shock technique of Harvey1 or by the injection of 0.5 M KCl2 into the perivisceral cavity of adult sea urchins. The diploid tissues were obtained from spent adults, the gonads of which were discarded. The DNA from sperm and diploid tissues was isolated by a modification of the procedure described by Marmur3. High-molecular-weight DNA from eggs could not be prepared in this way unless the nuclei were first isolated by the method of Went and Mazia4. The hot phenol method5 was also effective in the isolation of DNA from whole eggs. Failure to isolate egg DNA by mild procedures might be due to the presence of potent deoxyribonucleases, which in turn could account for the inability of some investigators6 to obtain highly polymeric DNA from this source.
The spectrophotometry of dense light-scattering material

Abstract The spectrophotometry of dense light-scattering samples by means of a single-beam recording spectrophotometer is described. The optical path length of light traversing a light-scattering sample may be many times the sample depth. By adding CaCO 3 to reduced cytochrome c solutions, the intensity of absorption bands was intensified 70-fold as the result of a 70-fold increase of path length. A similar intensification of over tenfold was shown to exist in apple tissue. The photoreversible pigment which controls so many developmental responses of plants is demonstrated spectrophotometrically in intact corn coleoptiles. The spectra of dry yeast as well as dense yeast suspensions are presented. In addition to the typical cytochrome complement, a cyanide-sensitive absorption band at 640 mμ is shown. The spectra of intact lima bean seeds, both dry and imbibed, show spectral changes associated with germination processes.
Binding of trichodermin to mammalian ribosomes and its inhibition by other 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes

Trichodermin binds to ribosomes from rabbit reticulocyte polysomes with an apparent Ka of 9.2 × 105 and with a maximum binding ratio of 0.44 molecules per ribosome. Trichodermin also binds firmly to HeLa cell polysomes under conditions where it is inhibiting protein synthesis. Purified HeLa 60S ribosomal subunits showed only a slight ability to bind trichodermin, and no binding was found with 40S subunits. Seventeen 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes were tested for their ability to interfere with [3H] trichodermin binding to reticulocyte ribosomes. All compounds known to inhibit ribosomal functions required for elongation-termination or initiation processes exhibited significant positive interference with the binding of trichodermin.
Economics at the FTC: Cases and Research, with a Focus on Petroleum

Economics at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) covers both the antitrust and consumer protection missions. In this year's essay, we focus mainly on the competi- tion-side of the agency. Drawing on a wealth of recent research, we provide descriptive and analytical information about the petroleum industry. Mergers, as always, were a major preoccupation of the FTC, and we discuss a few oil industry mergers as well as one lead- ing litigated case - Arch Coal's acquisition of Triton Coal. Finally, we review the empir- ical literature on the effects of vertical restraints, noting that the literature supporting an animus toward such restraints is surprisingly weak.
Spontaneous awakening trials added to spontaneous breathing trials improved weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Source Citation Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and ...
The Effect of Collapsing Ordered Polytomous Scales on Parameter Estimates in Structural Equation Measurement Models

This study explores the influence collapsing ordered polytomous variable scales has on structural equation measurement model parameter estimates. Four parameter estimation procedures (i.e., NTGLS, ADF, POLYCHORIC, and TOBIT) were investigated for their efficacy in recovering simulated structural equation measurement model parameters at three different scale collapse levels. Results from a Monte Carlo study indicate that both NTGLS and ADF procedures performed poorly in the recovery of the estimates, whereas the latent projection procedures (i.e., POLYCHORIC and TOBIT) performed well. Although a slight improvement was noticed in the estimates for the NTGLS and ADF procedures, while collapsing the scales, this result was considered trivial. The latent projection procedures were not affected by changes in scale level.
Electrodes for Trace Impurity Analysis and Determination of Traces in Gallium

Electrodes of several graphite makers have been evaluated and compared for weight consistency and impurities for the purpose of developing techniques to determine trace impurities in material which can take advantage of preferential volatilization. A technique suitable for pre-arcing graphite electrodes in an argon atmosphere has been developed for minimizing the impurity background in the electrode cup so that ultra-trace determination is possible. The purified and selected electrodes are used in development of a spectrochemical method for determining trace impurities in gallium metal. The technique takes advantage of strong preferential volatilization of the metals in a dc arc with sequential exposures used for improvement of signal-to-noise ratio. A new sampling technique and standardization method are discussed. Special problems related to the analysis of gallium are investigated, and analytical results are shown.
Receiver-initiated message passing over RDMA Networks

Providing point-to-point messaging-passing semantics atop Put/Get hardware traditionally involves implementing a protocol comprising three network latencies. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an alternative implementation approach - receiver-initiated message passing - that eliminates one of the three network latencies. Performance measurements taken on the Cell Broadband Engine indicate that receiver-initiated message passing exhibits substantially lower latency than standard, sender-initiated message passing.
Research faculty development: an historical perspective and ideas for a successful future

What does it take to be successful as a tenure-track research faculty member in a School of Medicine? What are the elements necessary to run a successful laboratory? How does one find the resources and help to know what is important for promotion and tenure? Most training in graduate school or in clinical fellowships does not answer these questions. Too often, new junior tenure-track research faculty members are left to learn from the “school of hard knocks” and essentially are reinventing the wheel, which is a huge waste of time. This article describes the history of research faculty, what makes them successful, and offers suggestions on how we can help them reach their greatest potential.
Stock market prediction using different neural network classification architectures

In recent years, many attempts have been made to predict the behavior of bonds, currencies, stocks, or stock markets. The Standard and Poors 500 Index is modeled using different neural network classification architectures. Most previous experiments used multilayer perceptrons for stock market forecasting. A multilayer perceptron architecture and a probabilistic neural network are used to predict the incline, decline, or steadiness of the index. The results of trading with the advice given by the network is then compared with the maximum possible performance and the performance of the index. Results show that both networks can be trained to perform better than the index, with the probabilistic neural network performing slightly better than the multi layer perceptron.
Nonlinear phase response of a saturable Bragg reflector for modulation depth control

We demonstrate an interferometric configuration comprising a saturable Bragg reflector for phase-to-amplitude response conversion. Its static nonlinear phase response is determined and used to obtain tunable nonlinear amplitude depth modulation.
Alkali cation selectivity and surface charge of 2:1 clay minerals

A critical demand in environmental modeling and a desirable but elusive goal of research on the ion exchange properties of the charged solid surface has been to determine the selectivity coefficient from fundamental properties of the ions and surface. We developed a Hard and Soft Acid and Base (HSAB) Model to describe exchangeable cation selectivity on solid surfaces. Our previous work has shown that the model quantitatively describes alkali cation exchange on clay minerals in terms of the absolute etectronegativity and softness of the exchangeable cations and two fitting parameters: a and/3. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between a and/3 and surface charge characteristics of 2:1 clays. The layer charge and cation selectivity of seven smectites and one vermiculite were used. The regression of log K ~ against four combinations of charge properties was performed and the appropriate relationship between a,/3, and surface charge was selected based on both statistical criteria (R 2) and their consistency with the assumptions of the HSAB model. The selected model was then cross-validated using separate cation exchange data from the literature. It was found that a and/3 are linearly related to the amount of charge arising from mineral tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. These results make it possible to predict the alkali cation selectivity of 2:1 clay minerals from their chemical composition data and the alkali cation properties.
Role of a DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway in Ionizing Radiation-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces a DNA damage response that includes activation of cell cycle checkpoints, leading to cell cycle arrest. In addition, IR enhances cell invasiveness of glioblastoma cells, among other tumor cell types. Using RNA interference, we found that the protein kinase MRK, previously implicated in the DNA damage response to IR, also inhibits IR-induced cell migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. We showed that MRK activation by IR requires the checkpoint protein Nbs1 and that Nbs1 is also required for IR-stimulated migration. In addition, we show that MRK acts upstream of Chk2 and that Chk2 is also required for IR-stimulated migration and invasion. Thus, we have identified Nbs1, MRK, and Chk2 as elements of a novel signaling pathway that mediates IR-stimulated cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, we found that inhibition of cell cycle progression, either with the CDK1/2 inhibitor CGP74514A or by downregulation of the CDC25A protein phosphatase, restores IR-induced migration and invasion in cells depleted of MRK or Chk2. These data indicate that cell cycle progression, at least in the context of IR, exerts a negative control on the invasive properties of glioblastoma cells and that checkpoint proteins mediate IR-induced invasive behavior by controlling cell cycle arrest.
Attitudes toward retirement of ophthalmology department chairs.

Purpose To identify common perceptions and ideas about preparation and planning for retirement of chairs of academic departments of ophthalmology, determining areas of particular stress and proposing ways to better prepare for retirement. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants One-hundred sixteen chairs of academic departments of ophthalmology in the United States. Methods A confidential online survey emailed to ophthalmology chairs. Main Outcome Measures Surveys assessed demographics; current work schedule; perceptions, preparation, and planning for retirement; and retirement training for faculty and residents. Results Ninety-six department chairs responded to the survey (82% response rate). Most chairs anticipate retiring around age 70. Significantly, only 9% are looking forward to retirement. Reasons for delaying retirement include keeping active (37%), income/insurance/benefits (20%), and maintaining lifestyle (17%). The most common concern is financing retirement (46%). Forty percent anticipate their reason for retirement will be because of age or health, whereas 20% anticipate fatigue or burnout. Nearly half of the respondents have no specific plan upon retirement. Most respondents anticipate pursuing other interests (43%); 32% intend to spend time with family, vacationing, and travelling. Younger respondents are more concerned with the financial aspects of retirement while more senior respondents appear to delay retirement to keep active or because they enjoy their work. Conclusions Retirement is a source of stress for many ophthalmology department chairs and many indicate financial preparation is their major concern. Despite this, the major reason for putting off retirement is a desire to keep active. Developing a retirement plan eases stress and engenders a feeling of confidence about the future. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Minimizing pump energy in a wastewater processing plant

This paper discusses energy savings in wastewater processing plant pump operations and proposes a pump system scheduling model to generate operational schedules to reduce energy consumption. A neural network algorithm is utilized to model pump energy consumption and fluid flow rate after pumping. The scheduling model is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). As solving a data-driven MINLP is challenging, a migrated particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The modeling and optimization results show that the performance of the pump system can be significantly improved based on the computed schedules.
From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world

The extent to which the 21st century world will be “sustainable” depends in large part on the sustainability of cities. Early ideas on implementing sustainability focused on concepts of achieving stability, practicing effective management and the control of change and growth – a “fail-safe” mentality. More recent thinking about change, disturbance, uncertainty, and adaptability is fundamental to the emerging science of resilience, the capacity of systems to reorganize and recover from change and disturbance without changing to other states – in other words, systems that are “safe to fail.” While the concept of resilience is intellectually intriguing, it remains largely unpracticed in contemporary urban planning and design. This essay discusses the theory of resilience as it applies to urban conditions, and offers a suite of strategies intended to build urban resilience capacity: multifunctionality, redundancy and modularization, (bio and social) diversity, multi-scale networks and connectivity, and adaptive planning and design. The strategies are discussed in the context of resilience theory and sustainability science, and are illustrated with innovative policies, projects, and programs selected from international examples.
Electromagnetic Horn Design

The principles of designing electromagnetic horn ``antennas'' to obtain beams of specified angular spread, smoothness of contour and power gain are disclosed. Quantitative curves are given from which the design of sectoral and pyramidal horns may be readily made.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of Gaas on Silicon with Buried Implanted Oxides

We report the first results of direct growth of GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy on nominally (100) oriented silicon with buried implanted oxides. Rutherford backscattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been used to characterize these layers. The formation of hillocks and a uniform layer of GaAs in the intervening regions between hillocks have been observed. Microtwins, dislocations and antiphase domain boundaries are the predominant defects observed in these layers.
Climate and skin function: an overview.

Background Climates of the world are diverse and produce changes in skin integrity and functioning. Evidence on skin and its response to severe climates is limited, but information can be inferred from data characterizing skin under controlled climate conditions using noninvasive bioengineering techniques. Methods A literature search was conducted on the effects on major climate conditions on skin integrity and function. Results Exposure of murine skin to low humidity promotes a hyperproliferative and proinflammatory response, which can be prevented with topical agents or occlusion. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and average skin temperature (Tsk) is highly sensitive to climate or ambient temperature (Tambient). High altitudes leave skin more susceptible to UV radiation and even brief exposures cause surface changes. Pollution can result external skin aging and may be a risk factor for exacerbation of dermatoses. Conclusion Further research is needed to understand skin properties and functioning in harsh climates to provide insight into optimal skin care for individuals living in such conditions.
Regulation of Hemin Binding Proteins by a Novel Transcriptional Activator in Porphyromonas gingivalis

One of the features of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is the presence of complex iron acquisition systems that include an hmuYRSTUV locus. HmuY and HmuR are hemin binding proteins required for P. gingivalis growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of the hmu locus is regulated in response to environmental changes, such as growth phases. However, the mechanisms involved in hmu gene regulation are poorly understood. Here we report that a novel transcriptional activator, PG1237, is required for the expression of humY and humR, but not other iron acquisition-related genes, such as fetB and tlr, which also encode hemin binding proteins. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that a mutation in the pg1237 gene decreased expression of hmuY and hmuR 149- and 25-fold, respectively, compared to that observed in the wild-type strain. In addition, differential expression of hmuY, hmuR, and the pg1237 gene was found to be quorum-sensing dependent, such that higher expression levels of these genes were observed when P. gingivalis was grown at a lower cell density, such as that seen during the early exponential growth phase. This work demonstrates the involvement of a novel transcriptional activator, PG1237, in expression of the hmu operon in a cell density-dependent fashion.
Milkstone—It Can Be Controlled

The amount of milkstone formed in a piece of milk-heating equipment, as well ss its composition, bears a direct relationship to temperature. I t has been shown by chemicM mmlysis that the milkstone formed at low temperatures (vat pasteurization) is largely composed of adhesive fat and protein material, ttowever, at higher temperatures (short-time, high-temperature pasteurization, 161 ° F. and higher) large amounts of ash materials, especially calcimn and phosphorus, are precipitated. I t has been further shown that milkstone formation is greatest at the temperatures that are faw)rable to the coagulation of albumin. 'X-ray studies have confirmed the composition of milkstone fihns. There is some confusion about the terms milkstone and burn-on. Burn-on is the material "cooked" onto the surface of milk-heating tubes, plates, or jackets, and it consists largely of the solids found in milk. Alkaline detergents will easily renmve the burn-on nmterial from these surfaces. ~Iilkstone, however, being largely composed of milk minerals from the ash portion of milk, is not readily removed by alkaline detergents alone but must be subjected to acid treatment for complete removal. Many factors, in addition to temperature, influence milkstone formation. Among these are rate of heating, rate of flow of milk through equipment, type of product processed, amount of product processed, type and construction of equipment, kind of metal involved, and the surface area used for heating. The formation of milkstone is the cause of one of the most important problems with which the nfilk plant operator must cope, namely, the cleaning of heating equipment. The use of HTST pasteurization equipment, as well as high-temperature preheaters and forewarmers, has greatly increased the milkstone problem because in these units large volumes of milk are heated to very high temperatures in relatively confined spaces.
Rapport in conflict resolution: Accounting for how face-to-face contact fosters mutual cooperation in mixed-motive conflicts.

We propose that face-to-face contact fosters the development of rapport and thereby helps negotiators coordinate on mutually beneficial settlements in mixed-motive conflicts. Specifically, we investigate whether, in a cooperative climate, negotiators' visual access to each other's nonverbal behavior fosters a dyadic state of rapport that facilitates mutual cooperation. Experiment 1 manipulated whether negotiators stood face-to-face or side-by-side (unable to see each other) in a simulated strike negotiation. Face-to-face dyads were more likely to coordinate on a settlement early in the strike, resulting in higher joint gains. An alternative interpretation in terms of an anticipatory effect of face-to-face contact was not supported. Experiment 2 manipulated whether previously unacquainted negotiators conversed face-to-face or by telephone before separating to play a conflict game with the structure of a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Face-to-face dyads were more likely to coordinate on high joint gain outcomes. The facilitatory effect of face-to-face contact was statistically mediated by a measure of dyadic rapport. Results did not support alternative interpretations based on individual-level positive affect or expectations about opponents. We conclude with a discussion of the role of affective and dyad-level processes in social psychological models of conflict resolution.
Coupled Pacing and Coupled Pacing with Concealed Conduction Report of a Case Describing a New Observation

In the case reported coupled pacing via an intracardiac catheter electrode was undertaken and continued for 28 days in order to slow the rapid ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, refractory to drug management and cardioversion. A new phenomenon was observed in which the coupled stimulus caused cardiac cycle prolongation but elicited neither a mechanical nor a propagated electrical ventricular response. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed. Stimulation of the bundle of His or a bundle branch with retrograde, concealed conduction in the A-V node and simultaneous antegrade concealed conduction and block are suggested as the most likely. When this phenomenon was produced after each consecutive spontaneous depolarization, a reduction in ventricular rate resulted without the production of coupled extrasystolic ventricular depolarizations. This constituted a new coupled pacing technique, termed "coupled concealed pacing." The long-term effects of this technique and of conventional coupled pacing and paired stimulation in this patient are also reported.
Gold-bearing hot spring systems of the northern Coast Ranges, California

Gold-mercury mineralization in the Knoxville and Sulphur Creek districts of the Coast Ranges of northern California fits the emerging hot spring classification of epithermal ore deposits. Quartz and chalcedony veins, which show hydrofracture texture, are capped by subaerial sinter deposits. All the deposits appear to be very young. The McLaughlin deposit and the Sulphur Valley and Elgin deposits contain hydrocarbons in their ore. Gold-bearing quartz of the San Quentin ore shoot of the McLaughlin deposit is isotopically heavy (delta 18 O = 24 ppm) and appears to have formed near 150 degrees C from isotopically heavy waters. Such waters are presumed to have moved both hydrocarbons and precious metals to the surface sinter of the deposit.Hot springs composed of isotopically heavy fluids issue today from the centers of the Sulphur Valley and Elgin deposits. The hot spring fluids carry small concentrations of hydrocarbons and transport gold, silver, and mercury to the surface. Ag/Au weight ratios of the precipitates formed by the hot springs are about 1:8. Gold grades of the hot spring precipitates range from 0.5 to more than 10 ppm; the mean value for 20 samples is 3.3 ppm. Measurements show that the waters carry 1 ppb gold in solution. Thermodynamic calculations indicate the gold is probably present as a bisulfide complex. The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the hot spring fluids appear to be similar to the fluids inferred to have formed the McLaughlin deposit. In these two gold districts, nonmeteoric waters are responsible for the formation of epithermal gold deposits. A sedimentary or metasedimentary source for the ore-forming fluids is indicated by chemical and isotopic data and is consistent with the local geology.
Can leadership development act as a rural poverty alleviation strategy

Though it is a pervasive problem, relatively little research focuses on rural poverty and leadership initiatives designed to alleviate rural poverty. Using a comparative case study approach, this a...
Evaluation of Testing Modalities for Peripheral Neuropathy in Lepromatous Hansen's Disease

To assess methods for detecting peripheral neuropathy, 28 previously untreated patients with lepromatous Hansen's disease underwent upper extremity manual muscle testing, sensory testing by using monofilaments, and electrophysiological nerve conduction studies (motor and sensory) at their initial examination. All but three patients demonstrated some abnormality identified by at least one of the testing procedures. Sensory testing with monofilaments located the greatest number of abnormalities found in 24 of the 28 patients. Next, electrophysiological testing demonstrated neuropathy in 21 of the 28 patients tested; 20 of these patients had sensory abnormalities and 20 had motor irregularities. The least sensitive method was manual muscle testing, which detected abnormalities in only 12 patients. Furthermore, sensory testing with monofilaments revealed peripheral neuropathy in 5 patients whose electrophysiological studies showed normal sensory patterns, and electrophysiological testing detected abnormalities in 1 patient whose sensory monofilament examination was normal. The results of this study support the usefulness of all three testing modalities.
Influence of Glutathione on the Electroretinogram in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Rats

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of glutathione on the electroretinogram (ERG) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ: 60 mg/kg) was injected into male RCC Wistar rats to induce hyperglycemia, with buffer instead of STZ injected into age-matched non-diabetic controls. After 8 weeks, ERG measurements were obtained at seven different scotopic flash intensities on the two groups of anesthetized, dark-adapted rats (controls, STZ). Following ERG measurements, eyes were enucleated for measurements of retinal/vitreous GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Results: Diabetic rats produced delayed b-wave ERG signals (increased implicit times), but had normal a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, a-wave implicit times, and oscillatory potentials. No differences were observed in retinal GSH or GSSG between controls and diabetics; however, correlations between GSH and all ERG parameters (with the exception of b-wave implicit times) were noted, and were not significantly altered by the presence of hyperglycemia. Conclusions: GSH is likely to play an important role in retinal function as assessed by the ERG, with this role not substantially altered in rats diabetic for 8 weeks.
The Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia

This 1991 book describes the history of peasants in Catalonia, the wealthiest and politically dominant part of the medieval Kingdom of Aragon, between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. It focuses on the period from 1000 to 1300, when free peasants who had held property under favourable frontier conditions were progressively subjugated by their lords. Between 1462 and 1486 Catalan peasants mounted the most successful peasants' war of the Middle Ages, and achieved the formal abolition of servitude. Professor Freedman seeks to explain both the process by which servitude was strengthened over the centuries, and its eventual weakening before a direct moral and military challenge. He addresses both the causes of enserfment and the limitations on its effectiveness. The book integrates archival evidence with the theories of society elaborated by medieval jurists. Comparisons are drawn between Catalonia and other regions, and its experience is situated within a spectrum of different social and economic conditions.
Multiwavelength-channel header recognition for reconfigurable WDM networks using optical correlators based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings

We demonstrate a tunable, multiwavelength optical correlator that uses an array of sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as the correlating element. The incoming wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) data streams are tapped off and the packet headers on each 10-Gb/s channel are simultaneously recognized and correlated to a reconfigurable header code. The correlation output for each channel is compared to a threshold level, and simple decision electronics are used to drive a set of switches to route the individual WDM packets accordingly. Using this technique, we recognize two WDM 10-Gb/s packet headers simultaneously, with a negligible power penalty when switching packets to the appropriate output port. Moreover, we tune the gratings for reconfigurable routing.
Lightning Ground Flash Measurements over the Contiguous United States: 1995–97

Abstract Cloud-to-ground lightning data have been analyzed for the years 1995–97 for the contiguous United States for total flashes, positive flashes, the percentage of positive lightning, peak currents for negative and positive lightning, and for negative multiplicity. The authors examined a total of 75.8 million flashes divided among the three years, 22.7 million (1995), 26.2 million (1996), and 26.9 million (1997). The highest flash densities, uncorrected for detection efficiency, occur in Louisiana and Florida, typically exceeding 11 flashes km−2 on a grid scale of 0.2°. Positive flash densities exceed 1.1 flashes km−2 in Florida, Louisiana, and an area overlapped by the states of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. The monthly percentage positive lightning ranges from 6.5% (July 1995) to 24.5% (January 1996). The annual percentage of positive lightning is 9.3% (1995), 10.2% (1996), and 10.1% (1997). Areas of positive lightning greater than 25% occur from the Canadian border as far south as Kansas, ...
Undocumented Students at the Community College: Creating Institutional Capacity

This chapter introduces Institutional Undocu-Competence (IUC), an institutional capacity framework emerging from a critical analysis of cultural competence, aimed to inform community colleges’ efforts to better support the growing undocumented student population.
Ultrasmooth Polydopamine Modified Surfaces for Block Copolymer Nanopatterning on Flexible Substrates.

Nature has engineered universal, catechol-containing adhesives which can be synthetically mimicked in the form of polydopamine (PDA). In this study, PDA was exploited to enable the formation of block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterns on a variety of soft material surfaces. While conventional PDA coating times (1 h) produce a layer too rough for most applications of BCP nanopatterning, we found that these substrates could be polished by bath sonication in a weakly basic solution to form a conformal, smooth (root-mean-square roughness ∼0.4 nm), and thin (3 nm) layer free of large prominent granules. This chemically functionalized, biomimetic layer served as a reactive platform for subsequently grafting a surface neutral layer of poly(styrene-random-methyl methacrylate-random-glycidyl methacrylate) to perpendicularly orient lamellae-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) BCP. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed that a BCP nanopattern on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate w...
A fully coupled turbulent low-speed preconditioner for harmonic balance applications

Abstract Aeromechanical design of wind turbines requires a high-fidelity analysis toolbox that can cover a wide spectrum of flow speeds from incompressible to compressible flow regimes. As it is known, the convergence of the compressible density-based flow solvers is deteriorated when the flow lies in an essentially incompressible regime due to the disparity between the eigenvalues of the flux Jacobian matrices. This problem is usually resolved using a low-speed preconditioner that can balance the eigenvalues, thus alleviating the convergence issues in the density-based flow solver. In this paper, a low-speed preconditioner that fully couples the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the one equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is developed for steady as well as unsteady flows. The preconditioner incorporates the working variable of the turbulence model into the formulation, thus resulting in balanced artificial dissipation terms and modified local time-steps to ensure convergence acceleration for the compressible flow solver. The preconditioner is first applied to a set of two-dimensional steady flow cases to assess the convergence acceleration. This new preconditioner is further enhanced with an unsteady limiter that improves the convergence of the harmonic balance solver used for the simulation of unsteady periodic flows such as those that arise in wind turbine applications. Although the CPU time per iteration is increased by about 9%–11%, the present preconditioner is capable of reducing the number of required iterations by about 50%–60% in order to achieve the same level of accuracy as with the non-preconditioned solver.
The Clinical Spectrum of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (P06.140)

Objective: We sought to investigate the incidence, risk factors for development and phenotype of peripheral neuropathy in patient9s treated with bortezomib. Background Bortezomib (Velcade®) is the first member of a new class of chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit the proteasome-ubiquitination pathway. It is FDA-approved for use in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Bortezomib causes a painful axonal sensory-predominant length-dependent peripheral neuropathy in 30-40% of patients. A small subgroup of patients treated with bortezomib develop a severe neuropathy soon after commencing bortezomib, the mechanism of which is unclear. Design/Methods: We searched the Mayo Clinic Hematology Chemotherapy database for patients treated with bortezomib. We reviewed the clinical information to determine if neuropathy occurred in relation to the initiation of bortezomib. We reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological features and long-term followup of patients evaluated by a neurologist. Subjects were included if they received bortezomib and had follow-up for at least one cycle of chemotherapy. Results: 589 patients were identified. 378 patients met inclusion criteria. 138 (36.5%) were determined to have treatment-emergent peripheral neuropathy. The typical pattern was a painful, sensory-predominant peripheral neuropathy involving the hands and feet. Three patients had evidence of a plexopathy or polyradiculoneuropathy. Two patients had nerve biopsies suggesting microvasculitis. A prior history of peripheral neuropathy was more common in patients with treatment-emergent peripheral neuropathy (22% vs 14%, p Conclusions: In our series the incidence of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy is 36.5%, similar to previous reports. A prior history of peripheral neuropathy appears to be a risk factor for the development of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy. The pattern is most commonly a painful, sensory-predominant length-dependent neuropathy. An inflammatory neuropathy or polyradiculoneuropathy can occur with bortezomib with biopsy features suggesting microvasculitis. Disclosure: Dr. Mauermann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dispenzieri has received research support from Millennium. Dr. Staff has nothing to disclose.
SECTIONS OF THE GENUS SAXIFRAGA L. DESCRIBED BY A. HAWORTH

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Expedited Medicaid Enrollment, Mental Health Service Use, and Criminal Recidivism Among Released Prisoners With Severe Mental Illness

Objective:This study investigated whether Washington State’s 2006 policy of expediting Medicaid enrollment for offenders with severe mental illness released from state prisons increased Medicaid access and use of community mental health services while decreasing criminal recidivism.Methods:A quasi-experimental design with linked administrative data was used to select all prisoners with a severe mental illness (schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) released during the policy’s first two years (January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007), and those referred for expedited Medicaid (N=895) were separated from a propensity-weighted control group of those not referred (N=2,191). Measures included binary indicators of Medicaid enrollment, other public insurance enrollment, postrelease use of inpatient and outpatient health services, and any postrelease criminal justice contacts. All data were collapsed to person-level observations during the 12 months after the index release, and outcomes were estimated via propens...