cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Induction Machine Performance with Distributed and Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings

Fractional-slot concentrated windings have been gaining a lot of interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines. This is due to the several advantages provided by this type of windings which include: shorter non-overlapping end turns, higher efficiency, higher power density, higher slot fill factor, lower manufacturing cost, better flux-weakening capability resulting in wider constant power speed range, and fault-tolerance. However, the tradeoffs involved in using this type of windings in induction machines have not been addressed in literature. This paper examines induction machine performance with fractional-slot concentrated windings using the standard distributed lap windings as reference. Four designs are compared and various performance tradeoffs highlighted. The first machine has integral-slot distributed 2 slots/pole/phase lap winding and it serves as the reference winding. The second machine has a double-layer 1/2 slot/pole/phase winding, a workhorse for brushless DC machines. The third machine has double-layer 2/5 slot/pole/phase winding. Lastly, the fourth machine has single-layer 2/5 slot/pole/phase windings. The comparison includes torque-speed curves (including the effects of major space harmonic components), rotor bar losses, and ripple torque levels.
Séverine Autesserre. Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention

Would one put a public health expert from Kenya in charge of promoting primary care access in [ … ] eastern Kentucky without ensuring that this expert [ … ] understood what existing health services...
Holly v. Scott: Constitutional Liability of Private Correctional Employees and the Future of Bivens Jurisprudence

This paper uses the Fourth Circuit's recent decision in Holly v. Scott as a vehicle to assess the future viability of the Bivens doctrine. Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), was the landmark Supreme Court case that created a non-statutory cause of action for damages against federal employees for violation of an individual's constitutional rights. In Holly v. Scott, the Fourth Circuit affirmed the dismissal of a prisoner's claim that his Eighth Amendment rights were violated when he was denied medical care. In doing so, the majority opinion made several critical analytical errors, including relying on inapposite Supreme Court precedent. But despite the fact that Holly v. Scott was wrongly decided under the Bivens doctrine, this paper demonstrates that the Supreme Court may use Holly or a similar case to seriously abrogate or overrule Bivens altogether. The paper includes analysis of the gradual narrowing of Bivens since the Court announced its decision over 35 years ago, as well as specific opinions in Bivens cases and other civil rights decisions from current members of the Court.
Demonstrating the Need to Include Multiple Firms in Forensic Accounting Research

This study examines the probability of fraud estimates of auditors from five firms to test the need to include multiple firms in empirical forensic accounting research. We used an older data set as sample sizes of about 500 auditors participating in a four-hour exercise are rare in today's research environment. This research tested for differences among firms, staff levels and gender to determine whether differences could occur among auditing firms. While our analysis indicated no difference among firms for managers, there were significant differences among firms on an overall basis and for seniors. Finally, we also found a significant difference between male and female auditors "probability of fraud estimates. Although there were no difference between male and female seniors" levels of moral development (ethical sensitivity), there were significant differences between male and female managers' levels of moral development. Consequently, our premise of including multiple firms in empirical forensic accounting research was supported.
Cl-HCO3 and Cl-OH exchanges mediate Cl uptake in apical membrane vesicles of rat distal colon

This study describes Cl-HCO3 and Cl-OH exchanges as the mechanism for Cl uptake by apical membrane vesicles (AMV) of rat distal colon. Although HCO3 gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake was additionally stimulated by the additional presence of a pH gradient, pH gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake was not further enhanced by a HCO3 gradient. HCO3 gradient-stimulated and OH gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake was not inhibited by voltage clamping, with K and its ionophore valinomycin, but was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, an anion exchange inhibitor, with an apparent inhibitory constant of 7.8 and 106.0 microM, respectively. Increasing intravesicular OH concentration in the absence of HCO3 (with fixed extravesicular Cl concentration) yielded a sigmoidal curve for 36Cl uptake. In contrast, increasing intravesicular OH concentration in the presence of equimolar intra- and extravesicular HCO3 (25 mM) yielded a saturable hyperbolic curve. Increasing extravesicular Cl concentration saturated both HCO3 gradient-stimulated and OH gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake, with a kinetic constant for Cl of approximately 11.9 and 22.6 mM, respectively. We conclude that Cl uptake in AMV of rat distal colon occurs via two separate anion (Cl-HCO3 and Cl-OH) exchange processes. We speculate that one of these two anion exchanges may be responsible for transcellular Cl movement, while the other may be important in the regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis.
MALARIA INDUCED ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE.

SummaryThe febrile reactivity to endo-toxin before and after malaria was studied in normal human volunteers. Four of the 5 subjects who developed malaria showed unequivocal diminution of febrile response. Two of 3 other inoculated subjects developed hepatosplenomegaly, but none of these 3 had parasitemia, nor did they exhibit endotoxin tolerance. Preliminary studies in the latter 3 men and one other who had malaria and developed endotoxin tolerance revealed no changes in the phagocytic capacity of the reticuloendothelial system. Some of the possible mechanisms of malaria induced tolerance are discussed.We wish to express our thanks to Mr. James V. Bennett, Director of U. S. Federal Bureau of Prisons, and to Dr. Charles Smith, Medical Director, for permission to carry out these studies. We are indebted to Mr. Deaner Lawless for expert technical assistance and to Messrs. W. H. Briner and J. Meisler for aid in preparing the labeled aggregated albumin, which was generously supplied by the Squibb Laboratories....
Remarks on the Functional Equation f(x+y) = f(x)+f(y)

(1969). Remarks on the Functional Equation f(x+y) = f(x)+f(y) Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 121-123.
P‐183: Multi‐angle Beam Steering for Head‐Mounted Displays

We propose a switchable multi-angle grating for steering the light between nine different angles from 0° to 16° with an interval of 2°. It shows great promises for eye-tracking applications in head-mounted displays.
Stimulation of GLUT-1 glucose transporter expression in response to hyperosmolarity

Glucose transporter isoform-1 (GLUT-1) expression is stimulated in response to stressful conditions. Here we examined the mechanisms mediating the enhanced expression of GLUT-1 by hyperosmolarity. ...
The relationship between subjective sleep disturbance, sleep quality, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of college students reporting trauma exposure.

Sleep disturbance and poor sleep quality has been associated with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; however, the associated emotional consequences of sleep disturbance have not been examined within this context (i.e., emotional reactivity, emotion modulation). The current study examined the relationship between sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, and emotion regulation difficulties. In a sample of college students reporting exposure to at least 1 traumatic event, online survey methodology was used to assess PTSD symptom severity (PTSS), sleep disturbances, including PTSD-specific sleep disturbances, and emotion regulation difficulties. After controlling for PTSS, sleep disturbance and poor sleep quality domains were related to both global and specific difficulties in emotion regulation domains. The findings suggest that sleep disturbance and emotion regulation difficulties associated with PTSD may not be a mere extension of the clinical picture of PTSD. Sleep disturbances following trauma exposure may contribute to emotion regulation difficulties and exacerbate negative consequences. Future research should examine the effects of treatments that simultaneously address sleep disturbances and PTSD symptoms on emotion regulation processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Maturation and Task Specificity of Cortical Potentials Associated with Visual Scanning

During normal vision the world is continuously scanned by a sequence of saccadic eye movements that shift the direction of gaze from two to six times each second. When viewing a stationary field, perceptual information is derived from the retinal images formed during fixational pauses. Eye position during fixation determines the portion of the visual scene that is available for processing and the duration of each fixation defines the time required for processing that information before the next saccade. Thus, the recording of eye movements provides an objective behavioral index of visual processing. Since visual scanning behavior is observed in the alert human subject from birth, oculomotor behavior provides a unique index of visual processing that can be observed throughout life.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of PUMA 560 via internet

This study introduces a remotely accessible Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator (HILS), which is used for the development of the PUMA 560 dynamics and control. The HILS setup aims to give on-site and remote students/researchers the capability to experiment with any robotic configuration and control algorithm of their choice, without the need for the physical existence of the equipment in the laboratory. To increase the flexibility offered by the system, the HILS setup is made a part of the UAF RemoteLab facility, with the developed client/server communication, which gives remote access to all Matlab/Simulink based applications. As an implementation example, in this study, the HILS setup is used to develop dynamics and PD+ control of PUMA 560 as a graduate project. Experimental results and animations are also presented.
Wayneburnhamite, Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3, an apatite polysome: The Mn-free analog of ganomalite from Crestmore, California

Wayneburnhamite (IMA2015-124), Pb_9Ca_6(Si_2O_7)_3(SiO_4)_3, is a new mineral from the Commercial quarry, Crestmore, Riverside County, California, where it occurs as a metasomatic mineral on fracture surfaces in vesuvianite/wollastonite rock. Wayneburnhamite crystals are sky-blue hexagonal tablets and prisms up to 0.5 mm in maximum dimension. The streak is white. Crystals are transparent to translucent with vitreous to resinous luster. The Mohs hardness is 3½, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is conchoidal, and there is no cleavage. The calculated density is 5.271 g/cm^3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (+), with w = 1.855(5), and e = 1.875(5) (white light). The pleochroism is E sky blue and O lighter sky blue; E > O weak. Raman and infrared spectra are consistent with the crystal structure, but suggest a very minor hydrous component. The empirical formula (based on 9 Si apfu) is (Pb_(8.33)Sr_(0.04)□_(0.63))Σ900(Ca_(5.40)Cu^(2+)_(0.27)□_(0.33))Σ6.00Si_9S_(0.21)O_(32.64)Cl_(0.05). Wayneburnhamite is hexagonal, P6, a = 9.8953(9), c = 10.2054(7) A, V = 865.40(17) A^3, and Z = 1. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d_(obs) in A(I)(hkl)]: 4.95(52)(110); 4.45(64)(111); 3.550(77)(112); 3.232(54)(120); 3.086(100)(121); 2.847(60)(300); 2.798(48)(113); and 2.734(83)(212). The structure determination (R_1 = 3.01% for 1063 F_o > 4σF) shows wayneburnhamite to be an apatite polysome isostructural with ganomalite, differing only in that the site occupied dominantly by Mn in the structure of ganomalite is occupied dominantly by Ca in the structure of wayneburnhamite. The structure refinement of wayneburnhamite appears to represent a rare case in which the approximate locations of the Pb^(2+) 6s^2 lone-electron pairs can be seen as electron density residuals.
Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Disease

Nanomedicine for cancer therapy seeks to treat malignancies through the selective accumulation of therapeutics in diseased tissue. Nanoparticles offer the convenience of high drug loading capacities and can be readily decorated with targeting moieties, drugs, and/or diagnostics. Our lab has pioneered a new tissue targeting strategy where enhanced accumulation of nanomaterials occurs as a result of morphology changes to the material in response to overexpressed enzymes in diseased tissues. Herein, we describe the general strategy for the preparation of these enzyme-responsive nanoparticles (ER-NPs) for therapeutic applications.
Mechanism of polymer adsorption on shale surfaces: Effect of polymer type and presence of monovalent and divalent salts

Abstract This paper studies the adsorption behavior of representative guar-based polymers onto the surface of source rock outcrop samples to provide a better picture of the interaction(s) of polymers with these rocks. Outcrop samples from the Barnett, Eagle Ford, and Marcellus shales were collected, analyzed for mineralogy and total organic content, and then exposed to different polymer solutions under elevated temperature and moderately elevated pressure. Viscosities of these polymer solutions were measured before and after exposure to the rock samples to establish a correlation between polymer adsorption and rock mineralogy and/or organic content. Results indicate a direct correlation between polymer adsorption and both rock mineralogy. Cationic polymers are shown to be more prone to adsorption onto the surface of the rock than non-ionic polymers. The results from this work establish that fluid-rock interactions are significant and that further research regarding shale polymer interactions and its effects on hydrocarbon production is needed with representative downhole shale samples given the trends now shown with outcrop samples.
Fast Label-free Multilayered Histology-like Imaging of Human Breast Cancer by Photoacoustic Microscopy

The goal of breast-conserving surgery is to completely remove all of the cancer. Currently, no intraoperative tools can microscopically analyze the entire lumpectomy specimen, which results in 20 to 60% of patients undergoing second surgeries to achieve clear margins. To address this critical need, we have laid the foundation for the development of a device that could allow accurate intraoperative margin assessment. We demonstrate that by taking advantage of the intrinsic optical contrast of breast tissue, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) can achieve multilayered histology-like imaging of the tissue surface. The high correlation of the PAM images to the conventional histologic images allows rapid computations of diagnostic features such as nuclear size and packing density, potentially identifying small clusters of cancer cells. Because PAM does not require tissue processing or staining, it can be performed promptly and intraoperatively, enabling immediate directed re-excision and reducing the number of second surgeries.
More Frequent Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events due to Enhanced MJO Forcing Expected in a Warmer Climate

AbstractSudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events influence the Arctic Oscillation and midlatitude extreme weather. Observations show SSW events to be correlated with certain phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), but the effect of the MJO on SSW frequency is unknown, and the teleconnection mechanism, its planetary wave propagation path, and time scale are still not completely understood. The Arctic stratosphere response to increased MJO forcing expected in a warmer climate using two models is studied: the comprehensive Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model and an idealized dry dynamical core with and without MJO-like forcing. It is shown that the frequency of SSW events increases significantly in response to stronger MJO forcing, also affecting the averaged polar cap temperature. Two teleconnection mechanisms are identified: a direct propagation of MJO-forced transient waves to the Arctic stratosphere and a nonlinear enhancement of stationary waves by the MJO-forced transient waves. The MJO-fo...
Hemodynamic monitoring of arteriovenous fistulagram

The minimal decrease in cardiac output with occlusion of the fistula and evidence suggested that the arteriovenous fistula was not contributing to the patient’s heart failure. Intriguingly, she did have multiple areas of dilation with tortuosity generating a natural flow reduction. The decision was made to proceed with the mitral valve replacement but leave the AVF in place.
Development of On-Board Weighting and Force Sensor System for Construction Machines: Static Analysis

This paper considers an on-board system for construction machines to measure weight of handling or excavated materials and/or contact force of machine tool or end effector for construction robot. Weight and force are measured indirectly by the differential pressure of hydraulic actuators of machines, driving the machine arms. This system improves the commercial weighting system, because it uses the load pressures of two actuators to detect every time the exact load position. At the same time it is able to measure direction and value of contact force without changes of hardware, moreover, it may be used with a large types of machines. This system is developed for construction robot, but it could be use for present commercial machines as weighting system and warning system to detect buried obstacles.
Modeling of low pressure plasma sources for microelectronics fabrication

Chemically reactive plasmas operating in the 1 mTorr–10 Torr pressure range are widely used for thin film processing in the semiconductor industry. Plasma modeling has come to play an important role in the design of these plasma processing systems. A number of 3-dimensional (3D) fluid and hybrid plasma modeling examples are used to illustrate the role of computational investigations in design of plasma processing hardware for applications such as ion implantation, deposition, and etching. A model for a rectangular inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source is described, which is employed as an ion source for ion implantation. It is shown that gas pressure strongly influences ion flux uniformity, which is determined by the balance between the location of plasma production and diffusion. The effect of chamber dimensions on plasma uniformity in a rectangular capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is examined using an electromagnetic plasma model. Due to high pressure and small gap in this system, plasma uniformity is found to be primarily determined by the electric field profile in the sheath/pre-sheath region. A 3D model is utilized to investigate the confinement properties of a mesh in a cylindrical CCP. Results highlight the role of hole topology and size on the formation of localized hot-spots. A 3D electromagnetic plasma model for a cylindrical ICP is used to study inductive versus capacitive power coupling and how placement of ground return wires influences it. Finally, a 3D hybrid plasma model for an electron beam generated magnetized plasma is used to understand the role of reactor geometry on plasma uniformity in the presence of E × B drift.
The Wiley Handbook of School Choice, edited by Robert A. Fox and Nina K. Buchanan, John Wiley & Sons, Malden, MA, 2017, 554 pp., $195.00 (hardback)

Robert Fox and Nina Buchanan have presided over a comprehensive, balanced, and useful handbook. The school choice landscape in the United States changes with every legislative session; its various ...
NIR-emitting benzothiazolium cyanines with an enhanced stokes shift for mitochondria imaging in live cells.

A series of benzothiazolium-based hemicyanines (3a–3f) have been synthesized. Evaluation of their photophysical properties shows that they exhibit improved photophysical characteristics. In comparison with the available commercial MitoTrackers, the new probes revealed an enhanced Stokes shift (Δλ ∼ 80 nm) and minimized aggregation for increased sensitivity. The synthesized probes are found to exhibit excellent selectivity for mitochondrial staining in an oligodendrocyte cell line. Probes show almost no fluorescence in aqueous environments, while the fluorescence is increased by ∼10-fold in organic solvents, making it possible for mitochondrial imaging without the need for post-staining washing. Since the absorption peaks of probes are close to the laser wavelengths of 561 and 640 nm on a commercial confocal microscope, e.g.3a exhibits λabs ∼ 620 nm and λem ∼ 702 nm, they could be useful probes for mitochondrial tracking in live cells.
Optimized generation of high-resolution phantom images using cGAN: Application to quantification of Ki67 breast cancer images

In pathology, Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of tissue sections is regularly used to diagnose and grade malignant tumors. Typically, IHC stain interpretation is rendered by a trained pathologist using a manual method, which consists of counting each positively- and negatively-stained cell under a microscope. The manual enumeration suffers from poor reproducibility even in the hands of expert pathologists. To facilitate this process, we propose a novel method to create artificial datasets with the known ground truth which allows us to analyze the recall, precision, accuracy, and intra- and inter-observer variability in a systematic manner, enabling us to compare different computer analysis approaches. Our method employs a conditional Generative Adversarial Network that uses a database of Ki67 stained tissues of breast cancer patients to generate synthetic digital slides. Our experiments show that synthetic images are indistinguishable from real images. Six readers (three pathologists and three image analysts) tried to differentiate 15 real from 15 synthetic images and the probability that the average reader would be able to correctly classify an image as synthetic or real more than 50% of the time was only 44.7%.
Import of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Virulence Proteins and Transferred DNA into Plant Cell Nuclei

Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall tumors on many dicotyledonous plant species when the bacteria infect wounded tissue (DeCleene and DeLey, 1976). This bacterium harbors a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, where genes essential for tumorigenesis are located (Watson et al., 1975; Van Larebeke et al., 1974). The transferred DNA (T-DNA) portion of the Ti plasmid enters plant cells and integrates into nuclear DNA (Chilton et al., 1977, 1980; Willmitzer et al., 1980). Tumorous growth results from expression of three T-DNA genes that encode biosynthetic enzymes for two plant growth hormones, auxin (indole acetic acid) and cytokinin (isopentenyl adenosine) for reviews see Ream, 1989; Winans, 1992; Zambryski, 1992). There are many excellent reviews of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biology (Zambryski, 1992; Winans, 1992; Hooykaas and Beijersbergen, 1994; Citovsky, and Zambryski, 1993; Dreiseikelmann, 1994; Ream, 1989; Binns and Thomashow, 1988), and the most recent presents an outstanding treatment of nuclear localization of T-DNA (Sheng and Citovsky, 1996), the topic of this chapter.
Prospects for Online Crowdsourcing of Social Science Research Tasks: A Case Study Using Amazon Mechanical Turk

While the internet has created new opportunities for research, managing the increased complexity of relationships and knowledge also creates challenges. Amazon.com has a Mechanical Turk service that allows people to crowdsource simple tasks for a nominal fee. The online workers may be anywhere in North America or India and range in ability. Social science researchers are only beginning to use this service. While researchers have used crowdsourcing to find research subjects or classify texts, we used Mechanical Turk to conduct a policy scan of local government websites. This article describes the process used to train and ensure quality of the policy scan. It also examines choices in the context of research ethics.
Choices in adjuvant therapy of melanoma.

Background: High-dose interferon (IFN) is the approved agent for adjuvant treatment of melanoma in the United States. This approval is for high-risk, predominantly stage III patients with cutaneous primaries. There are still decisions to be made in the care of these patients. Also, there are questions about whether the IFN data can be extrapolated to patients with other stages of melanoma and whether adjuvant treatment should be offered to these individuals. Clearly there is room for improvement in this area. Methods: The literature on this topic and ongling national trials in the United States were reviewed. Results: The data are insufficient to recommend other agents in the adjuvant treatment of melanoma outside a clinical trial. Extrapolation of the IFN data to patient populations other than those studied is problematic at best. National trials are available for most patient populations. Conclusions: The adjuvant treatment of choice for melanoma patients is participation in a clinical trial.
A Model for Bidirectional Transduction in Outer Hair Cells

There is considerable evidence for the existence of a cochlear amplifier which serves to increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea to low intensity sounds (Davis, 19S3). Earlier models of traveling-wave amplification in the cochlea used negative damping components to supply the additional energy used to power the cochlear amplifier (Kim, et al., 1980; de Boer, 1983; Koshigoe and Tubis, 1983). The negative damping models are now being replaced by more realistic feedback force models in which the fast motile response of the outer hair cell is implicated as the driving force for the cochlear amplifier (Geisler, 1986; Zwicker, 1986; Neely and Kim, 1987).
Coherent Probabilistic Solar Power Forecasting

Solar power has been growing rapidly in recent years. Many countries have invested in solar energy technology, especially in Photovoltaic (PV) power generation. With the increased penetration level, solar power forecasting becomes more challenging. To cope with solar power uncertainties, probabilistic forecasting provides more information than traditional point forecasting. Moreover, multiple PV sites with spatial-temporal correlations need to be taken into account. To produce probabilistic forecasts, this paper applies quantile regression on top of time series models. Considering the coherency among multiple PV sites, a reconciliation is applied using a copula-based bottom-up method or proportion-based top-down method. Numerical results show that the proposed methods efficiently produce accurate and coherent probabilistic solar power forecasts.
Introduction: Emerging Issues in Environmental Policy and Management Education

This symposium presents an introduction to issues related to environmental policy and management education, in particular the question of integrating different levels of analysis in environmental p...
High Power Module Package Mounting and Temperature Cycling Reliability Study by Simulation

This paper studies the reliability of high power module package in torque mounting assembly process and temperature cycling reliability by simulation. The power module package, which with initial warpage, will be mounted on an outer heat sink with torque first and follow by in temperature cycling test. A complicated 3D non-linear finite element model was developed to simulate these two processes together. The package warpage and die stress/strain are discussed and analyzed to evaluate the die crack risk in customer’s application. A warpage simulation was run firstly to get the package’s initial status before torque mounting. Secondly the package with initial warpage is mounted on an outer heatsink with two screws at package two edges. Small pre-tightening torque and big final tightening torque are applied on two screws step by step. Finally, the temperature cycling loading is applied on the package together with the torque mounting loading. Silicon die stress/strain are studied to evaluate the die crack risk in customer’s application. The actual measured warpage data at room temperature is correlated with the simulation results. Finally, the models with different package warpages and different final-tightening torques at screws were investigated to increase the reliability performance of this power module package.
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a condition characterized by pain in the abdominal region attributed to compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm d...
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Self-Blame Attributions for Cancer Scale.

Objectives To adapt the Cardiac Self-Blame Attributions Scale into the Self-Blame Attributions for Cancer Scale (SBAC) for use in patients with cancer and analyze its psychometric properties. Sample & setting 113 patients receiving radiation therapy at the University of Kansas Cancer Center. Methods & variables The SBAC and other self-report measures were administered during outpatient oncology appointments for radiation therapy to establish the psychometric properties of the SBAC. Results A two-factor structure represented behavioral and characterological self-blame attributions. Reliability estimates for each factor were excellent and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was found, indicating support for the SBAC as a valid and reliable measure of self-blame attributions in patients with cancer. Implications for nursing The SBAC may help healthcare providers, including nursing staff, to identify the self-blame patterns exhibited by patients with cancer. Future research can assess the reliability and validity of SBAC across stages of treatment and establish the predictive validity of the scale in individuals with cancer.
Risk-based assessment and criteria specification of the microbial safety of wastewater reuse in food processing: Managing Listeria monocytogenes contamination in pasteurized fluid milk

Abstract Intense pressure on water resources has led to efforts to reuse reclaimed processing wastewater for cleaning purposes in food processing plants. The milk industry produces considerable amounts of wastewater, which can be used for cleaning of equipment after appropriate treatment. However, due to naturally occurring microbiological contamination in raw milk, the wastewater is often contaminated, and therefore the reuse of reclaimed wastewater is perceived as risky. This study aims to quantify the risks of Listeria monocytogenes infection and associated disease burden when wastewater reclaimed from milk processing operations is used in cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems for pasteurized fluid milk production following a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. Furthermore, this study aims to inform risk-based tolerable limits for levels of contamination in CIP water based on a public health target of 10−6 DALY per person annually. The suggested model investigates the passage of L. monocytogenes throughout the fluid milk chain, from receipt of raw milk at the plant to the point of consumption and covering storage in receiving and storage tanks, pasteurization, and storage at retail and at home. Risk and disease burden estimates are simulated for general (younger than 65 years), elderly (65 years and older) and pregnant population subgroups. Additional scenarios covering the effect of using clean water, using water with different levels of contamination and using reclaimed wastewater modeled as recovered from cheese whey after membrane filtration (reclaimed water scenario) are considered to estimate a risk-based limit of contamination and simulate a real-life example. The tolerable limit of contamination in CIP water was estimated as −2 log10 CFU/mL to ensure the protection of the most vulnerable subgroup, pregnant women, while higher limits were estimated for the elderly and general subgroups. Under the reclaimed water scenario, the annual number of listeriosis cases was estimated as 3.36, 5.67, and 0.15 for the general, elderly and pregnant population subgroups, respectively, while in the clean water scenario, the estimates were 3.33, 5.56 and 0.15, respectively. In both scenarios, the DALY estimates were lower than the tolerable limit. The results indicate that reclaimed water can be an alternative to potable water for CIP applications.
The Role of Blue Sky Laws after NSMIA and the JOBS Act

State securities laws — in particular, state laws requiring that securities offered by issuers be registered with the states — have been an impediment to the efficient movement of capital to its highest and best use. The pernicious effects of these laws — generally referred to as “blue sky laws” — have been felt most acutely by small businesses, a vital component of our national economy.It has been difficult to remedy this problem. States and state regulators have been tenacious in protecting their registration authority from federal preemption. The Securities and Exchange Commission, on the other hand, has been reluctant to advocate for preemption and unwilling to exercise its delegated power to expand preemption by regulation.In recent years some progress has been made toward a more efficient regulation of capital formation, principally as a result of some congressional preemption of state registration authority. Nonetheless, state registration provisions continue to impede significantly businesses’ — especially small businesses’ — efficient access to external capital.Further gains in efficient regulation of capital formation can be achieved but require actions both by states and the federal government. States must allocate more resources and effort toward vigorous enforcement of their antifraud provisions. At the federal level, Congress must preempt completely state registration authority. This duty of preemption falls to Congress, because the Commission has shown a sustained unwillingness to exercise its broad, delegated power to preempt state registration authority.
Polygenic risk for major depression is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of personal and parental history of major depression

Suicide is a major public health problem. The contribution of common genetic variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) independent of personal and parental history of MDD has not been established. Polygenic risk score (using PRS-CS) for MDD was calculated for US Army soldiers of European ancestry. Associations between polygenic risk for MDD and lifetime suicide attempt (SA) were tested in models that also included parental or personal history of MDD. Models were adjusted for age, sex, tranche (where applicable), and 10 principal components reflecting ancestry. In the first cohort, 417 (6.3%) of 6,573 soldiers reported a lifetime history of SA. In a multivariable model that included personal [OR = 3.83, 95% CI:3.09-4.75] and parental history of MDD [OR = 1.43, 95% CI:1.13-1.82 for one parent and OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.20-2.26 for both parents), MDD PRS was significantly associated with SA (OR = 1.22 [95% CI:1.10-1.36]). In the second cohort, 204 (4.2%) of 4,900 soldiers reported a lifetime history of SA. In a multivariable model that included personal [OR = 3.82, 95% CI:2.77-5.26] and parental history of MDD [OR = 1.42, 95% CI:0.996-2.03 for one parent and OR = 2.21, 95% CI:1.33-3.69 for both parents) MDD PRS continued to be associated (at p = .0601) with SA (OR = 1.15 [95% CI:0.994-1.33]). A soldier's PRS for MDD conveys information about likelihood of a lifetime SA beyond that conveyed by two predictors readily obtainable by interview: personal or parental history of MDD. Results remain to be extended to prospective prediction of incident SA. These findings portend a role for PRS in risk stratification for suicide attempts.
The maximal angle between 5×5 positive semidefinite and 5×5 nonnegative matrices

The paper is devoted to the study of the maximal angle between the $5\times 5$ semidefinite matrix cone and $5\times 5$ nonnegative matrix cone. A signomial geometric programming problem is formulated in the process to find the maximal angle. Instead of using an optimization problem solver to solve the problem numerically, the method of Lagrange Multipliers is used to solve the signomial geometric program, and therefore, to find the maximal angle between these two cones.
An Extended-Range Multisphere Neutron Spectrometer with High Sensitivity and Improved Resolution

This paper describes the design and construction of an extended-range multisphere neutron spectrometer (ERMNS), also called a Bonner sphere spectrometer, created to measure the spectrum of cosmic-ray-induced neutrons on container ships. Such measurements require a highly sensitive neutron spectrometer and can benefit from improved energy resolution. To obtain high sensitivity, spherical 3 He gas proportional counters with a diameter of 152 mm (6 in.) were developed and used. The goal for designing the moderator assemblies of the new ERMNS was to optimize its energy resolution where it is typically worst for such spectrometers—at high and medium-low energies. Absorber shells containing boron carbide were used to improve resolution at medium-low energies. The response functions of various sizes and designs of plain and modified spheres were calculated using the radiation transport code MCNPX 2.6b. The resolution of combinations of 16 spheres of candidate designs was then determined using Reginatto’s...
The Limits of Sovereign Ratings in Light of the Greek Debt Crisis of 2009–2010

This chapter explains why the CRAs failed to anticipate the Greek debt crisis of 2009–2010 and maintained views that diverged from the market’s during the crisis. Section 10.1 presents a review of the literature. Section 10.2 compares Fitch, Moody’s, and SP second, the use of ratings in regulatory capital standards, which served to inflate investment-grade sovereign ratings. Section 10.4 concludes.
Chapter 8 Planck, photon statistics, and Bose–Einstein condensation

Publisher Summary The chapter emphasizes some of the historical details that surround Planck's work. The chapter draws heavily on Planck's original papers and his book on heat radiation and reproduces comments by Ter Haar. It describes in some detail exactly what Planck did and did not do and the importance of fluctuations in his work. How fluctuations enter into the theory of the laser, and how this theory has been used to treat fluctuations in Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) are explained. Historically, Einstein was the first to demonstrate the existence of the “Bose” condensate. After Bose had created his “photon as a particle” path to the Planck distribution, Einstein went on to show that there was a critical temperature below which a macroscopic number of atoms would occupy the lowest energy state of the potential holding the atoms. A new approach was found to the N body boson problem that treated the fluctuations very accurately by extending the laser-phase transition analogy to include BEC.
A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Steroid Withdrawal after Pediatric Renal Transplantation

In an effort to reduce rejection, extend allograft survival and minimize complications, we hypothesized that robust immunosuppression during the first 6 months after transplantation would allow for the safe withdrawal of steroids. A total of 274 pediatric subjects were enrolled and received an anti-CD25 antibody, sirolimus, calcineurin inhibitor and steroids. At 6 months after transplantation, subjects were randomized to steroid withdrawal (n = 73) versus continued low-dose steroids (n = 59). This study was stopped prior to target enrollment because of the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. At the time of study termination, 132 subjects had been randomized and were available for analysis. At 18 months after transplantation, there was no difference in the standardized height z score; however, the standardized height velocity was greater in the steroid withdrawal group compared to the control group (p = 0.033). There were no differences in acute rejection episodes between treatment groups. The 3-year allograft survival rate was 84.5% in the control group and 98.6% in the steroid withdrawal group (p = 0.002). The immunosuppressive protocol utilized in this study allowed for the withdrawal of steroids without an increased risk of rejection or allograft loss. However, the complications associated with the use of this immunosuppressive protocol were too high to recommend its routine use in pediatric patients.
Stroke in children with sickle cell anaemia: aetiology and treatment.

Cerebral infarction is a frequent, severe complication of sickle cell anaemia. During childhood, most strokes are due to infarction with the majority resulting from occlusion of the large cerebral arteries. Risk factors include transient ischaemic attacks, acute chest syndrome, severe anaemia and elevated blood pressure. Less certain is the association with leucocytosis, or protection provided by α-thalassaemia or fetal haemoglobin. Children who have one stroke are at significant risk for having subsequent events that can be substantially reduced by maintaining haemoglobin S below 30%. It has not yet been possible to identify individuals for whom transfusion can be safely stopped. Haemosiderosis is a consequence of intensive and long term transfusion therapy, which requires chelation with deferoxamine. Iron accumulation can be minimised using erythrocytapheresis but this is technically difficult in children, expensive and results in increased donor exposure. In addition to lesions associated with strokes, an additional 17% of patients can be shown to have clinically silent cerebral infarcts. Although these are termed ‘silent’, those affected have mild neuropsychological deficits. Their relationship to stroke or risk for recurrence is unknown. Transfusion therapy has been shown to provide primary stroke prevention for children who have elevated cerebral artery velocity. Finally, intracranial haemorrhages, more commonly found in adults, also affect children. Subarachnoid haemorrhage is frequently found to result from cerebral artery aneurysms. A condition that mimics the moyamoya syndrome radiographically, as well as for its risk of haemorrhage, can be found in children with partly occluded cerebral arteries either as a result of stroke or silent infarct.
A Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Method for Flow over Delta Wings with Leading-Edge Separation

A three-dimensional, laminar boundary-layer method is applied to the incompressible flow over a slender delta wing at incidence. The predictor-corrector finite-difference scheme of Matsuno is used to difference the governing equations. The method has the advantages that no iterations are required to advance the solution and the cross-flow derivatives are formed independent of the cross-field direction. The difference scheme is demonstrated to yield accurate numerical results when compared to the exact solution of the three-dimensional boundary-layer equations for parabolic flow over a moving flat plate. The method is applied to delta wings of various sweep angles at angles of attack up to 20 deg., with the inviscid solution determined using a higher-order, three-dimensional panel method.
Interference evaluation of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b systems

The emergence of several radio technologies, such as Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11, operating in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed ISM frequency band, may lead to signal interference and result in significant performance degradation when devices are colocated in the same environment. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the effect of mutual interference on the performance of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b systems. We develop a simulation framework for modeling interference based on detailed MAC and PHY models. First, we use a simple simulation scenario to highlight the effects of parameters, such as transmission power, offered load, and traffic type. We then turn to more complex scenarios involving multiple Bluetooth piconets and WLAN devices.
ECOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY: A SYMPOSIUM*

ANTHROPOLOGY is one of the few scientific disciplines which has traditionally studied man from multiple perspectives. Anthropologists have studied him in time and spatial distribution, in biology and social structure, with the goal of providing an integrated theoretical structure for the understanding of our unusual species. Such an effort at breadth is obviously difficult in an era of multiplying specialties, each of which contains an increasing amount of information. There exists no absolute criterion against which we can measure anthropologists' success in this endeavor, but it has become apparent to many that physical anthropology with its concern for human biology has drifted away from the other major aspects of the field. This division of the field may in great part be ascribed to the exclusion of human biology from anthropology's unifying concept of "culture." The concept of culture, as defined by some, almost precludes the biology of man from a significant role in his behavior. In a recent article in the Scientific American, Marshall Sahlins (1960) stated, "Human social life is culturally, not biologically, determined." He later said, "Yet the remarkable aspect of culture's usurpation of the evolutionary task from biology was that in so doing it was forced to oppose man's primate nature on many fronts and to subdue it." If indeed culture did subdue man's biological inheritance then there would be little utility in considering human biology when studying human behavior, and we could relegate physical anthropology to a study of man's interesting past and his present physical structure. However, it is apparent that man has not yet freed himself from the biological world which begat him. Some of his behavior, such as conception, birth, and death, are still within the biological framework of his mammalian order. The child psychologists remind us that the age
Temporal Variation in Terrestrial Invertebrate Consumption by Laughing Gulls in New York

Abstract Laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) are commonly found in many areas of North America and little is known about their diet, particularly in coastal-urban interfaces where gull-aircraft collisions can be a serious concern. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the consumption of terrestrial invertebrates by laughing gulls at a coastal-urban interface in the northeastern United States. We examined the stomach contents of laughing gulls (n = 1053) collected during wildlife damage management operations at John F. Kennedy International Airport during the summers of 2003 and 2004. Terrestrial invertebrates consumed by laughing gulls represented 2 taxonomic phyla, 4 classes, 15 orders and 40 families. Beetles (Coleoptera) and ants (Hymenoptera) were the most common terrestrial invertebrates consumed by laughing gulls. We found evidence of temporal (i.e., monthly) variation in the frequency of occurrence of terrestrial insects in laughing gull diets. Laughing gull gender and age did not...