cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential cross sections at 0° and angular distributions of resolved neutrons from 11B+d

Abstract Differential cross sections at 0° for the reactions 11 Bd(d, n 0 ) 12 C and 11 B(d, n 1 ) 12∗ C(4.43 MeV state) were measured at deuteron bombarding energies from 1 to 11 MeV. Angular distributions were measured at 2.38, 3.58, 3.78, 4.23, 5.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.8, 9.0 and 9.7 MeV. The 0° differential cross sections for the reaction 11 B(d, n 2 ) 12∗ C (7.66 MeV state) from 2 to 11 MeV and for the reaction 11 B(d, n 3 ) 12∗ C (9.64 MeV state) from 5.5 to 11 MeV were also measured. The data were taken by means of a neutron spectrometer consisting of a polyethylene radiator with gas proportional d E d x and scintillation E counters operating in coincidence to detect recoil protons from the radiator. Above 6 MeV, the 11 B(d, n 0 ) 12 C and 11 B(d, n 1 ) 12∗ C (4.43 MeV state) reactions appear to proceed mainly by deuteron stripping. Below about 6 MeV, some compound-nucleus formation may be inidacated by the form of the angular distributions and by the broad resonance-like structure in the O° excitation curves. Theoretical angular distributions were calculated in the distorted wave Born approximation for comparison with the experimental angular distributions.
Multivariate Generalization of Kendall's Tau with Application to Data Reduction

Abstract The usual bivariate Kendall's tau estimates the probability of concordance of point pairs minus the probability of discordance. This paper presents a multivariate generalization of this idea. The multivariate versions can be used to investigate dimensions (in the multicollinearity spirit) in the data. Examples are given.
Full-Duplex Relaying in an Infrastructure-Based Wireless Network

Recent progress on self-interference cancellation technology in a full-duplex system makes self-interference no longer an obstacle that restricts the system from capacity gain. In this paper, assuming both relays and access point (AP) are capable of working in full- duplex mode, we focus on to what extent a wireless relaying network can benefit from full-duplex technology. We first evaluate a conventional full-duplex relaying scheme for IEEE 802.11 networks, where each source picks its optimum relay. Then we propose a novel relaying strategy, where the downlink and uplink traffic can share a common relay/link simultaneously. Using this strategy, we design a hybrid scheduling algorithm that opportunistically switches between direct link, half-duplex and full-duplex relaying. Simulation results shows our hybrid scheme can provide up to 80% more throughput than a traditional half-duplex relaying scheme. These results can be extended to cellular networks.
Linkage and selection: two locus symmetric viability model.

Since Fisher (1930) conjectured on how linkage between two loci could have been reduced, many models have been constructed and analyzed in order to establish more rigorously how natural selection may have produced tightly linked clusters of loci and the evolution of supergenes. The usual approach is to set up a deterministic random mating model with viabilities and recombination. The polymorphic equilibria are determined and conditions on the selection parameters and recombination fraction ascertained such that these are stable. At this equilibrium, a crossover reducing mechanism is then supposed to occur in one of the chromosomes and the progress of this chromosome is examined as a function of the altered recombination fraction and the equilibrium frequencies. Kimura (1956) used the above approach for a special symmetric viability set up. Bodmer and Parsons (1962) treated the same problem with more general, but still symmetric, viabilities. Nei (1967) introduced a model allowing a third locus, independent of the two under investigation to determine the extent of cross-over. Turner (1967) has given a somewhat heuristic treatment of the problem with general viabilities. These authors all found that a population in equilibrium under linkage and selection will be subject to selection for a decrease in recombination fraction. Most of the models analyzed so far can be realized as particular cases of what has become known as the symmetric viability model involving two loci with two alleles at each locus. A detailed discussion of this model and some of its properties was made by Bodmer and Felsenstein (1967). The four chromosomes AB, Ab, aB, and ab occur with frequencies x1 , x2, xs , and x4 , respectively, and the fitnesses of the genotypes are as given in Table I.
Characterization of monovalent ion transport systems in an insect cell line (Manduca sexta embryonic cell line CHE)

The monovalent ion transport systems of an immortalized insect cell line (CHE) have been investigated. These cells are unusual in that unlike most vertebrate cells, their normal extracellular environment consists of high potassium and low sodium concentrations. CHE cells maintained high intracellular [K+] through both a furosemide-inhibitable and a vanadate-inhibitable transport system. Intracellular exchangeable [Na+] was slightly lower than the extracellular [Na+] and was maintained at this level through a vanadate-sensitive transport system. Na+ uptake was also inhibited by furosemide: however, the stoichiometry of furosemide-sensitive Na+ uptake when compared with furosemide-sensitive K+ uptake indicated that these cations are not cotransported. 4,4′-Diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) inhibited Na+, K+, and Cl− uptake. Vanadate and furosemide decreased cytoplasmimic pH, while cytoplasmic pH increased in the presence of DIDS. A model is presented explaining how Na+, K+, Cl−, H+ and HCO3− fluxes are regulated in these cells.
Managing the National Forests

In an otherwise informative article by Charles C. Mann and Mark L. Plummer about the report of the Committee of Scientists relative to management of the U.S. National Forest System (“Call for ‘sustainability’ in forests sparks a fire,” News Focus, 26 Mar. p. [1996][1]), I am quoted as saying that “most folks have so much disposable income that they are looking at forests in terms of the positive outcomes of good stewardship like biodiversity, like tourism, like existence values….” While this may have been the most provocative and pithy part of my interview, the context is, unfortunately, lost. Developing countries exploit their natural resource base, often in an unsustainable manner, in order to improve their standard of living. It is a strategy that rarely works. We in this nation have the highest standard of living the world has ever known, with so much disposable income available that we can afford to make investments in conservation. People no longer view national forests solely as a warehouse of commodities to be brought to market. Greater value is assigned to the positive outcomes of good stewardship like biodiversity, tourism, clean water, existence values, and an ecologically sustainable flow of goods and services. To a certain extent, the whole debate over sustainability is academic. The U.S. Forest Service's commitment to sustainability is well established in tradition and law. Ecological sustainability frames the decision space from which we make economic and social choices. This is also a matter of common sense, as we simply cannot meet the needs of people without first securing the health of the land. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.283.5410.1996
Structure of Desmoplakin and Its Association with Intermediate Filaments

Desmoplakins (DPs) I and II are two major related proteins located in the desmosomal plaque where they have been proposed to play a role in attaching intermediate filaments (IF) to the inner cell surface. The predicted amino acid sequence of DP was obtained by analysis of overlapping cDNA clones. Computer-aided analysis suggests that DPI will form a dumbbell-shaped homodimer, with a central alpha-helical coiled coil rod domain of 132 nm and two globular end domains. The DPII molecule is missing 599 residues from the central domain, resulting in a rod about one third the length of DPI. The carboxyl terminus comprises three subdomains each containing almost 5 repeats of a 38 residue repeating motif with a periodicity in acidic and basic residues similar to that found in the rod domain of IF proteins. This suggests a possible mechanism by which these proteins might interact. The amino terminus contains groups of heptad repeats that are predicted to form at least two major alpha-helical rich bundles. A series of c-myc-tagged mammalian expression vectors encoding specific predicted domains of DPI were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Light and electron microscopical observations revealed that DP polypeptides including the 90 kDa carboxyl terminal globular domain of DPI specifically colocalized with and ultimately resulted in the complete disruption of keratin and vimentin IF. This effect was specific for the carboxyl terminus, as the expression of the 95 kDa rod domain of DPI did not visibly alter IF networks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Active Learning via Multi-View and Local Proximity Co-Regularization for Hyperspectral Image Classification

A novel co-regularization framework for active learning is proposed for hyperspectral image classification. The first regularizer explores the intrinsic multi-view information embedded in the hyperspectral data. By adaptively and quantitatively measuring the disagreement level, it focuses only on samples with high uncertainty and builds a contention pool which is a small subset of the overall unlabeled data pool, thereby mitigating the computational cost. The second regularizer is based on the “consistency assumption” and designed on a spatial or the spectral based manifold space. It serves to further focus on the most informative samples within the contention pool by penalizing rapid changes in the classification function evaluated on proximally close samples in a local region. Such changes may be due to the lack of capability of the current learner to describe the unlabeled data. Incorporating manifold learning into the active learning process enforces the clustering assumption and avoids the degradation of the distance measure associated with the original high-dimensional spectral features. One spatial and two local spectral embedding methods are considered in this study, in conjunction with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier implemented with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel. Experiments show excellent performance on AVIRIS and Hyperion hyperspectral data as compared to random sampling and the state-of-the-art SVMSIMPLE.
On Sintering Stress in Complex Powder Compacts

Microstructural evolution during sintering can be simulated using the Potts kinetic Monte Carlo model. This model simulates detailed evolution of the powder particles, pore shapes, neck growth, and other microstructural features with sufficient resolution over a sufficiently large compact so that interfacial energies and curvatures of a statistically representative sample of surfaces in a complex compact can be obtained from the simulations. In this work, we present a technique based on measuring curvature of surfaces to obtain sintering stress of sintering powder compacts with arbitrarily complex geometries of powder size and powder shape distributions. The method is applied to three distinct powder compacts with very different sintering behavior to obtain sintering stress for each of these cases. The sintering stress for the three simulated cases were distinct and dependent on the geometric microstructural details of the powder compacts.
On fixed point sets of distinguished collections for groups of parabolic characteristic

We determine the nature of the fixed point sets of groups of order p, acting on complexes of distinguished p-subgroups (those p-subgroups containing p-central elements in their centers). The case when G has parabolic characteristic p is analyzed in detail.
Foreign exchange risk: Relevance and management

Few senior corporate managers profess even a limited understanding of foreign exchange exposure management. This article offers a description of foreign exchange risk and the characteristics and costs of risk hedging alternatives. Because the costs of protection from exchange market fluctuations are company-specific, the cost differentials explain why some managers hedge extensively while others choose to bear the risk.
Mechanisms that can promote peripheral B-cell lymphoma in ATM-deficient mice.

The Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase senses DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and facilitates their repair. In humans, ATM deficiency predisposes to B and T cell lymphomas, but in mice leads only to thymic lymphomas. We tested the hypothesis that increased DSB frequency at a cellular oncogene could promote B cell lymphoma by generating ATM-deficient mice with a V(D)J recombination target ("DJβ" cassette) within c-myc intron one ("DA" mice). We also generated ATM-deficient mice carrying an Eμ-Bcl-2 transgene ("AB" mice) to test whether enhanced cellular survival could promote B cell lymphomas. About 30% of DA or AB mice and nearly 100% of mice harboring the combined genotypes ("DAB" mice) developed mature B cell lymphomas. In all genotypes, B cell tumors harbored oncogenic c-myc amplification generated by breakage-fusion-bridge ("BFB") from dicentric chromosomes formed through fusion of IgH V(D)J recombination-associated DSBs on chromosome 12 to sequences downstream of c-myc on chromosome 15. AB tumors demonstrate that B lineage cells harboring spontaneous DSBs leading to IgH/c-myc dicentrics are blocked from progressing to B cell lymphomas by cellular apoptotic responses. DA and DAB tumor translocations were strictly linked to the cassette, but occurred downstream, frequently in a 6-kb region adjacent to c-myc that harbors multiple cryptic V(D)J recombination targets, suggesting that bona fide V(D)J target sequences may activate linked cryptic targets. Our findings indicate that ATM deficiency allows IgH V(D)J recombination DSBs in developing B cells to generate dicentric translocations that via BFB cycles lead to c-myc-activating oncogenic translocations and amplifications in mature B cells.
Do They Really “Know Nothing”? An inquiry into ethnobotanical knowledge of students in Arizona, USA

Recent research indicates differences in what children know and how they learn about plants when compared to their parents and grandparents. Ethnobotanical research was conducted with students in Ajo, Arizona, U.S.A, a rural town that has undergone vast social, economic, and political changes. The interviews included free lists and an identification exercise using video clips of Sonoran Desert plants. Students have a limited knowledge of the plant domain listing an average of five plants, the majority of which were non-native. Students correctly identified an average of 4+/- 2.65 out of 20 Sonoran plants. Size and integration into the market economy were limiting factors in the identification of particular plant referents. Students who reported learning about the desert from experience or a person had higher identification scores than those who named other means. The research results highlight how cultural knowledge about local plants can be applied to educational programs that promote experiential learning.
Optimum cruise profiles in the presence of winds

The author presents methods for computing an acceptable optimum cruise profile with step climb points that are acceptably separated when wind and temperature variations with altitude are taken into account. Four methods for filtering out spikes and stutters are described. One of them has been selected to provide an acceptable profile with minimum increase in flight cost. It involves first identifying candidate step climb points and then for each such point doing trial predictions for 500 nmi at each legal altitude at and above the current altitude, but not above a computed maximum altitude. Since displaying the true optimum altitude to the pilot may be misleading, methods for computing recommended cruise level are studied and one method is selected. Plots of simulation runs based on the Boeing 747-400 with a Honeywell flight management system are presented to illustrate and compare methods. Since maximum altitude is used in the methods described, maximum altitude computation is described. >
Bullying and Victimisation Rates among Students in General and Special Education: A Comparative Analysis.

Bullying and victimisation remains a pervasive problem within the nation’s schools. International research has indicated that students who are enrolled in special education curricula are victimised and perpetrate more bullying than their general education peers. Few empirical studies have examined bullying and victimisation rates among American schoolchildren within special education programmes. The current study examined rates of bullying and fighting perpetration and victimisation among middle‐school students (n = 7331) and high‐school students (n = 14,315) enrolled in general education and special education programmes. As hypothesised, students in special education reported greater rates of bullying and fighting perpetration, and victimisation than general education students. Students who were in self‐contained classrooms reported more perpetration and victimisation than those in inclusive settings. Fighting perpetration was similar for younger and older students in special education settings, whereas ...
Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems

Nitrogen (N) availability is increasing in many ecosystems due to anthropogenic disturbance. We used a nucleotide analog technique and sequencing of ribosomal RNA genes to test whether N fertilization altered active fungal communities in two boreal ecosystems. In decaying litter from a recently burned spruce forest, Shannon diversity decreased significantly with N fertilization, and taxonomic richness declined from 44 to 33 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In soils from a mature spruce forest, richness also declined with N fertilization, from 67 to 52 OTUs. Fungal community structure in litter differed significantly with N fertilization, primarily because fungi of the order Ceratobasidiales increased in abundance. We observed similar changes in fungal diversity and community structure with starch addition to litter, suggesting that N fertilization may affect fungal communities by altering plant carbon inputs. These changes could have important consequences for ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient mineralization.
Testing of ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors in the FENIX facility

The Fusion Engineering International experiment (FENIX) Test Facility has been operational since 1991 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for testing the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) prototype conductors. These conductors, Nb/sub 3/Sn, are designed to operate stably with transport current of more than 40 kA at magnetic field of 13 T. The FENIX facility consists of four magnet sets that are configured to allow access to the 40-cm high-field region with a test cross-section area of 10*15 cm/sup 2/. FENIX provides test conditions that closely simulate many of the ITER magnet operation modes. Performed experiments include measurements of critical current, current-sharing temperature, forced-flow properties, stability, joint performance and cyclic fatigue effects. This paper describes the design and performance of these experiments. >
New superfamilies of eukaryotic DNA transposons and their internal divisions

Despite their enormous diversity and abundance, all currently known eukaryotic DNA transposons belong to only 15 superfamilies. Here, we report two new superfamilies of DNA transposons, named Sola and Zator. Sola transposons encode DDD-transposases (transposase, TPase) and are flanked by 4-bp target site duplications (TSD). Elements from the Sola superfamily are distributed in a variety of species including bacteria, protists, plants, and metazoans. They can be divided into three distinct groups of elements named Sola1, Sola2, and Sola3. The elements from each group have extremely low sequence identity to each other, different termini, and different target site preferences. However, all three groups belong to a single superfamily based on significant PSI-Blast identities between their TPases. The DDD TPase sequences encoded by Sola transposons are not similar to any known TPases. The second superfamily named Zator is characterized by 3-bp TSD. The Zator superfamily is relatively rare in eukaryotic species, and it evolved from a bacterial transposon encoding a TPase belonging to the "transposase 36" family (Pfam07592). These transposons are named TP36 elements (abbreviated from transposase 36).
Fractures of the talus

Hawkins devised a classification system for talus fractures that provided guidelines for treatment as well asprognosis. Since that time, numerous advances have been made regarding surgical approaches and methods of fixation. This article reviews the anatomy and critical vascular supply of the talus, the different classification systems for talar neck and body fractures, and the most recent treatment methods and surgical techniques. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of the possible methods of fixation for each type of fracture and describes the different surgical approaches. Because of the commonality of talus fractures, it is important for the orthopaedic surgeon to be familiar with all possible treatment options for these injuries to assure an optimal outcome for his patient.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Impact of Nest Selection Behavior on the Altitudinal Range of an Alpine Ant, Formica neorufibarbis

Formica neorufibarbis Emery is a dominant alpine ant in North America. Above timberline, colonies nest under rocks, placing brood against the rock surface to warm during the day. We tested the hypothesis that nest rock preference represents a mechanism of behavioral thermoregulation and used a demographic model to explore its impact on the species' altitudinal range. Under sunny conditions rocks provide warm microclimates. Across a 400-m altitudinal gradient from below timberline to high alpine tundra, nest rocks warmed on average 5°C above ambient at mid-day, but cooled to near ambient before dawn. Soil was warmer at mid-day under rocks occupied by ants than under randomly chosen unoccupied rocks in the same area. Occupied nest rocks were painted white or black to manipulate temperature and test its impact on colony occupancy. In addition, black-painted and white-painted rocks of similar size were placed in the field to test for a temperature effect on nest site colonization. Likelihood of nest persistence and colonization decreased under cooler, white-painted rocks and depended strongly on rock warming capacity. Experimental results showed that nest site colonization and occupancy are favored in microsites maintaining mid-day temperature ≥22°C. Across the altitudinal gradient, 66-90% of nest microsites occupied by F. neorufibarbis met this temperature threshold. Conversely, none of the exposed microsites and only 15% of those microsites under randomly selected rocks warmed to 22°C at the high altitude site (3,900 m). Results support the conclusion that nest site preference contributes to the broad altitudinal distribution of F. neorufibarbis.
Personality and Organizations

The article reviews the book “Personality and Organizations,” edited by Benjamin Schneider and D. Brent Smith.
Transcriptional activators HAP/NF-Y rescue a cytochrome c oxidase defect in yeast and human cells

Cell survival and energy production requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the last enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is a very complicated process and requires the assistance of a large number of accessory factors. Defects in COX assembly alter cellular respiration and produce severe human encephalomyopathies. Mutations in SURF1, a COX assembly factor of exact unknown function, produce Leigh's syndrome (LS), the most frequent cause of COX deficiency in infants. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of the SURF1 homologue SHY1 results in a similar COX deficiency. In order to identify genetic modifiers of the shy1 mutant phenotype, we have explored for genetic interactions involving SHY1. Here we report that overexpression of Hap4p, the catalytic subunit of the CCAAT binding transcriptional activator Hap2/3/4/5p complex, suppresses the respiratory defect of yeast shy1 mutants by increasing the expression of nuclear-encoded COX subunits that interact with the mitochondrially encoded Cox1p. Analogously, overexpression of the Hap complex human homologue NF-YA/B/C transcription complex in SURF1-deficient fibroblasts from an LS patient efficiently rescues their COX deficiency.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Silica

Nanoporous silica systems with porosity between 30% and 70% were developed using two Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation protocols to obtain structures with dissimilar pore morphologies. Short- and medium-range structural characteristics including bond angle distributions and pair distribution functions were analyzed and found to be consistent with experimental results. Surface area to volume ratio and pore microstructures were characterized and compared with experimental observations. Mechanical properties including elastic, shear, and bulk moduli of these nanoporous silica systems were calculated and their change as a function of porosity was compared with experimental data and theoretical models. It was found that the elastic modulus of porous silica with 50% porosity is 5–14 GPa which is consistent with experimental results. The elastic moduli–porosity relationship was fitted by exponential and power functions, and analysis of coefficients was performed to obtain microstructure characteristics of the simulated nanoporous silica structures. This works confirms that two distinct nanoporous silica microstructures are generated with MD simulations which result in variations in mechanical properties and highlight the importance of selecting a nanoporous silica simulation method which approximates experimental systems.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease presenting as bulbar palsy

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a degenerative neurological disorder caused by a prion protein. The diagnosis may be challenging in unusual early presentations. A bulbar symptom as the initial complaint is a rare presentation for CJD, with only a few reports so far. These patients can be misdiagnosed with motor neuron disease or the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. We describe a 69-year-old woman with CJD who presented with bulbar symptoms at the onset.
Retention Implications of the Use of Hand-Held PC's in a First-Year Engineering Intro Course

This study investigated the effects of early exposure to mobile technology on the academic success of first-semester underrepresented populations in engineering and computer science. Literature and data show that underrepresented populations (women and ethnic minorities) enrollment in engineering has been flat (or slightly declining) over the period of the last 10 years. The present study is directed at not recruiting more such students to the pool, rather, it is directed at understanding elements associated with keeping more of those who enroll initially. Namely, it involves retention. In this study it was observed that students using handheld computers increased their self confidence in using technology and that technology was not as distracting to them. However, due to the small sample population, effects on retention and matriculation rates were mixed.
Navigating the aorta: MR virtual vascular endoscopy.

Virtual vascular endoscopy (VVE) uses two- and three-dimensional (3D) data sets from magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic angiography to create endoluminal views of blood vessels. This technique is relatively new and has become practical only recently as cheap and powerful computers have become widely available. MR-generated VVE can produce striking images and may prove useful as an alternative or accessory means of presenting large quantities of data. This exhibit reviews technical aspects of MR VVE, describes common errors and artifacts, and provides several examples of MR VVE along with more traditional presentations of 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiographic data. © RSNA, 2002
Expression of ABCG2 (BCRP) Is Regulated by Nrf2 in Cancer Cells That Confers Side Population and Chemoresistance Phenotype

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2) is expressed in both normal and cancer cells and plays a crucial role in side population (SP) formation and efflux of xenobiotics and drugs. Nrf2, a redox-sensing transcription factor, on constitutive activation in non-small-cell lung cancer cells upregulates a wide spectrum of genes involved in redox balance, glutathione metabolism, and drug detoxification, which contribute to chemoresistance and tumorigenicity. This study examined the mechanism underlying Nrf2-dependent expression of ABCG2 and its role in the multidrug resistance phenotype. In silico analysis of the 5'-promoter flanking region of ABCG2 identified an antioxidant response element (ARE) at -431 to -420 bp. A detailed promoter analysis using luciferase reporter assays showed that ARE at -431 to -420 bp is critical for the Nrf2-mediated expression in lung cancer cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Nrf2 interacts with the ABCG2 ARE element at -431 to -420 bp in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of Nrf2 expression in lung and prostate cancer cells, by short hairpin RNA, attenuated the expression of ABCG2 transcript and protein, and dramatically reduced the SP fraction in Nrf2-depleted cancer cells. Moreover, depleted levels of ABCG2 in these Nrf2 knockdown cells sensitized them to mitoxantrone and topotecan, two chemotherapy drugs detoxified mainly by ABCG2. As expected, overexpression of Nrf2 cDNA in lung epithelial cells led to an increase in ABCG2 expression and a 2-fold higher SP fraction. Thus, Nrf2-mediated regulation of ABCG2 expression maintains the SP fraction and confers chemoresistance.
Entrepreneurship: One Key To Integrated Business Education

This paper presents a case study of the key issues in implementing an innovative approach to teaching the business core curriculum. The program utilizes entrepreneurship as a key integrating theme and is designed to include two major active learning components: the development of a business plan and the implementation of a student business. The course integrates cross-functional topic areas including accounting, finance, international business, management, and marketing. The paper describes the program in detail and identifies the key challenges and opportunities that remain. From the student and faculty feedback it appears obvious that while certain improvements need to be made and institutional resources increased, the course offers a unique educational experience.
Olanzapine Reversed Brain Gene Expression Changes Induced by Phencyclidine Treatment in Non-Human Primates.

The NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) creates schizophrenia-like symptoms in normal controls. The effect of PCP on non-human primate brain gene expression was examined and compared to changes induced by olanzapine treatment. Experimental studies of PCP and antipsychotic drugs have direct relevance to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Genome-wide changes in prefrontal cortex gene expression revealed alterations of 146 transcripts in the PCP treatment group compared to vehicle controls. Dysregulated genes were enriched in identified classes implicated in neurological and genetic disorders, including schizophrenia genes from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 108 loci as well as cell death in PCP-treated primates. Canonical pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of several groups including synaptic long-term potentiation and calcium signaling. Olanzapine coadministered with PCP normalized 34% of the 146 PCP-induced probe set expression changes, and a network of 17 olanzapine-normalized genes was identified enriched in schizophrenia candidate genes containing RGS4, SYN1 and AKT as nodes. The results of this study support the use of PCP administration in non-human primates as a glutamatergic model of schizophrenia and suggest that a large number of PCP-induced expression differences can be reversed by olanzapine. The results of this study may be informative for identification of potential candidates for pharmacogenetics and biomarker research related to the treatment of schizophrenia.
Optical absorption and intrinsic recombination in relaxed and strained InAs1–xSbx alloys for mid-wavelength infrared application

The intrinsic carrier recombination lifetime in relaxed and strained InAs1−xSbx alloys is investigated using the full-band Green's function theory. By computing the phonon-perturbed electron self-energy of the system, both direct and phonon-assisted indirect Auger and radiative processes are studied as functions of antimony molar fractions, lattice temperatures and applied in-plane biaxial strains. To improve the overall accuracy of the calculation, an empirical pseudopotential band structure for the alloy is also fitted to the measured band extrema and effective masses under different biaxial strains. A set of effective screened potentials valid for all the needed antimony fractions x and biaxial strains ϵ, therefore, is obtained and applied to the calculation. The results showed reduced total Auger recombination rates and enhanced radiative recombination rates in InAsSb alloys at room temperature when a compressive strain is applied. Furthermore, the study on the widely employed mid-wavelength infrared detector material,InAs0.91Sb0.09, strained by an InAs substrate, demonstrated that much longer minority carrier lifetime can be achieved compared to that in the lattice-matched situation when the lattice temperature is above 200 K.
Mixed Polymers and Vulcanizable Plasticizers. Relation to the Vulcanization of Rubber

Abstract The vital role played by rubber in modern civilization is due in part to the physical properties displayed by soft vulcanized rubber in service and in part to the characteristics of unvulcanized milled rubber which make it amenable to manufacturing operations. Vulcanization of rubber is a change in condition usually induced by heating it with sulfur, and is best defined by contrasting the difference in physical properties: To illustrate, compare a mill-mixed composition before and after vulcanization. Before vulcanization it is easily pulled apart and, if considerably extended, shows little tendency to retract, although, under impact, the recovery or rebound is considerable. If heated it becomes even softer and more plastic, and can easily be formed into any desired shape. If cooled to 0° C or somewhat lower, it becomes stiff and boardy. It is readily soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. When two fresh surfaces are pressed together, they coalesce and become practically integral. This tack, as it is c...
Fine structural and cytochemical analysis of phragmosomes (microbodies) during cytokinesis inAllium root tip cells

The ontogeny and distribution of phragmosomes (microbodies) during cytokinesis inAllium sativum root tip cells have been studied and complemented with a cytochemical analysis of reactivity with diaminobenzidine (DAB). Incubation in different DAB media revealed the presence of catalase but not peroxidase in these organelles, identifying them as a type of microbody associated with the forming cell plate. Only vacuoles, segments of endoplasmic reticulum and portions of the mature walls stained positively with DAB for peroxidase activity. Microbodies begin to appear in the region of the future cell plate as cells enter late anaphase. They exhibit a moderately electron-opaque anucleoid matrix and are continuous with segments of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Certain observations have led us to consider that certain aspects of plate formation inAllium require the participation of microbodies: (a) their pronounced numerical increase at the onset of plate formation, (b) their intimate association with regions of the plate where vesicle fusion is in progress, and (c) their rapid numerical decline following vesicular fusion and concomitant cell plate formation. The characteristic spatial association observed between microbodies and the plate-forming vesicles may well reflect their mutual involvement in the metabolism of carbohydrates comprising the middle lamella, being coordinated by metabolic activities in the cytosol, mitochondria and dictyosomes.
The First Seven Years of the Political Life Cycle

One of the most noteworthy characteristics of American elections is the low turnout of young people. Hypotheses purporting to explain this phenomenon focus on life-cycle transitions that define "adulthood," like marriage or leaving school. For a variety of reasons that we explain, previous research has failed to test these propositions. We identify six such adult roles and estimate their effects on turnout of young citizens. We find that most of these transitions do not enhance the turnout of the young. iN 4 ost Americans reaching voting age fail to take advantage of their first opportunities to participate in a presidential election. In v a g 1996, for example, votes were cast by just 40 percent of citizens aged 18 to 24, compared to 78 percent of people in their sixties, the peak decade for turnout.1 Political scientists seeking to explain why turnout rises with age usually rely on hypotheses implicitly drawn from a theory that identifies transitions in the early adult life cycle and hypothesizes that they promote turnout. We elaborate this theory of "adult-roles" (Wolfinger and Rosenstone 1980, 55-58) and then evaluate it by subjecting its assumptions and predictions to empirical verification.
Undersea Instrumentation for Photographic and Video Documentation

Photoinstrumentation in undersea exploration is discussed with particular reference to the U.S. Navy's recent success with Project Sealab I. Photographic equipments used in the experiment are described and recommendations based on observations made during the experiment are outlined.
Three-view Radiographic Assessment of Heterotopic Ossification After Acetabular Fracture Surgery Correlation With Hip Motion in 100 Cases

A random sample of 100 patients who had operative treatment for a fracture of the acetabulum, an otherwise normal appearing hip joint, and at least one year of follow-up were analyzed to assess heterotopic ossification (HO) and its relationship to hip motion. The extent of HO was graded in a blinded fashion according to the Brooker classification, which relies solely on the anteroposterior (AP) view, as well as a modified classification using three radiographic views (AP pelvis, internal, and external Judet oblique views). For each patient, range of motion of the affected hip was compared with that of the contralateral normal limb. There were 16 cases with disagreement between the two methods. As opposed to the Brooker method, the modified classification provided an accurate correlation with the actual hip range of motion.
Estimation of Reduced Degradation Products in Experimental Trinitrotoluene Poisoning

SummaryA method has been described for tracing reduced degradation products of trinitrotoluene in experimental animals. The role of these products in trinitrotoluene poisoning remains to be determined.
A preplanning method for stereotactic radiosurgery to improve treatment workflow

Frame-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) requires fixation of an invasive head ring to ensure accurate targeting. Minimizing waiting time with a fixed head ring is important for patient comfort and satisfaction. We report a practical preplanning solution for the Brainlab iPlan treatment planning system that reduces waiting time by expediting the planning process on treatment day. A water-filled anthropomorphic head phantom was used to acquire a surrogate CT image set for preplanning and fused with patient's MRI, which was obtained before the day of treatment. Once an acceptable preplan was obtained, it was saved as a plan template and the phantom image set was removed from the Brainlab database to prevent any confusion and mix-up of image sets. On the treatment day, the patient's CT and MRI were fused, and the customized beam settings of the preplan template were then applied and optimized. Up to 10-fold of reduction in treatment plan time was demonstrated by bench testing with multiple planners and a variety of cases. Loading the plan template and fine-tuning the preconfigured beam settings took only a small fraction of the preplan time to restore the conformity and dose falloff comparable to those of the preplan. For instance, preplan time was 2 hr for a two-isocenter case, whereas, it took less than 20 min for a less experienced planner to plan it on the day of treat-ment using the preplan method. The SRS preplanning technique implemented in this study for the Brainlab iPlan treatment planning system offers an opportunity to explore possible beam configurations thoroughly, optimize planning parameters, resolve gantry angle clearance issues, and communicate and address challenges with physicians before the treatment day. Preplanning has been proven to improve plan quality and to improve efficiency in our clinic, especially for multiple-isocenter and dosimetrically challenging cases.
Toward Analysis of Proteins in Single Cells: A Quantitative Approach Employing Isobaric Tags with MALDI Mass Spectrometry Realized with a Microfluidic Platform

Protein identification and quantification in individual cells is essential to understand biological processes such as those involved in cell apoptosis, cancer, biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, pathology, or therapy. Compared with present single cell genome analysis, probing the protein content of single cells has been hampered by the lack of a protein amplification technique. Here, we report the development of a quantitative mass spectrometric approach combined with microfluidic technology reaching the detection sensitivity of high abundant proteins in single cells. A microfluidic platform with a series of chambers and valves, ensuring a set of defined wells for absolute quantification of targeted proteins, was developed and combined with isotopic labeling strategies employing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-labels. To this aim, we adapted iTRAQ labeling to an on-chip protocol. Simultaneous protein digestion and labeling performed on the microfluidic platform rendered the labeling strategy compatible with all necessary manipulation steps on-chip, including the matrix delivery for MALDI-TOF analysis. We demonstrate this approach with the apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 and quantitatively assess the number of Bcl-2 molecules detected. We anticipate that this approach will eventually allow quantification of protein expression on the single cell level.
Job Strain, Occupational Category, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Hypertension Prevalence: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective:To assess associations of occupational categories and job characteristics with prevalent hypertension.Methods:We analyzed 2517 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants, working 20+ hours per week, in 2002 to 2004.Results:Higher job decision latitude was associated with a lower pr
The Mitochondrial Genome of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc., and Differences Among Potato Psyllid Populations of the United States

Abstract. Zebra chip of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is caused by the phytopathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. While the potato psyllid is native to the United States and northern Mexico, the Lso range has expanded north and south during the past 10 years. Historically, population-level studies have used the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and applied molecular biology techniques to understand population genetics of the species. Unfortunately, most published phylogenies are based on a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this single-gene sequence. In this study, the nearly complete mitochondrial genome for several potato psyllid populations from North America: Texas, Nebraska, California, Washington, northwest (Washington), and southwest (Arizona), were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The gene content included: two ribosomal RNAs (16S and 12S rRNAs); 22 tRNAs and genes that en...
Hispanic Consumer Behavior: A Review and Analysis

As of 1979, the U.S. had the fifth largest Hispanic population in the world(19 million), according to the U.S. Dept. of Commerce. By 1985 it is estimated that His-panics will be the largest minority group in the U.S., and many predict that by 1990 the Hispanic population will be 25% of the U.S. population. The buying power of this market is enormous. Recent studies have shown that they buying power of Hispanics in New York City is $6 billion, while in Los Angeles and Orange Counties it is $4 billion.
A New Anatomically Contoured Dual Mobility Insert to Alleviate Soft Tissue Impingement in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Introduction: Dual Mobility (DM) hip implants have gained popularity for the treatment and preventions of instability. In DM implants a large diameter mobile insert matches the native femoral head size. However, studies have shown that the peripheral regions of such large diameter implants overhang beyond the native anatomy and can directly impinge against nearby soft tissues, especially the iliopsoas, leading to groin pain (Fig. 1). Soft-tissue impingement can also trap the mobile DM insert, leading to damage of its peripheral rim, which secures the small diameter inner head (Fig. 2). The goal of this research was to develop an anatomically contoured soft-tissue friendly DM insert. Methods: Various Anatomically Contoured Dual Mobility (ACDM) insert designs were constructed, wherein the outer articular surface extending from the pole to a theta (θ) angle, matched that of contemporary implants (Fig. 3). However, the articular surface in the peripheral region was moved inward towards the center, thereby reducing implant volume that could impinge on the soft tissue (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3). Finite element analyses were used to determine the insert-acetabular contact area under peak in vivo loads during different activities. Finite element analysis was also used to determine resistance to extraction of the inner head. Published data was used to compare the implant articular geometry to native anatomy. These analyses were used optimize the soft-tissue relief, while matching the load bearing contact area and the resistance to extraction of the inner head in contemporary implants. Results: The resultant ACDM insert had the outer profile of contemporary implants over approximately a hemispherical portion (Fig. 3). Beyond this, the peripheral articular surface was composed of smaller convex radii. The coverage of the small diameter inner head by the insert was increased slightly ( Conclusion: A novel anatomically contoured dual mobility insert was developed to mitigate the risk of soft-tissue impingement present with contemporary prosthesis. The ACDM insert retains the outer profile of contemporary implants over approximately a hemispherical portion. However, in the peripheral region, exposed to the soft tissue, the ACDM insert has a smaller profile to reduce soft-tissue impingement.