cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical correlates of DHEA associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Objective: Increased plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) have been demonstrated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the documented beneficial effects of these steroids in enhancing mood and cognition, as well as neuroprotection, suggest their presence in PTSD may be associated with defensive rather than maladaptive effects. Method: We, therefore, examined plasma DHEA, DHEAS, cortisol, and the DHEA/cortisol ratio in 40 male veterans with or without PTSD, and determined their relationships to PTSD symptom severity and symptom improvement. Results: The PTSD group showed significantly higher plasma DHEA and non-significantly higher DHEAS levels as well as a significantly lower cortisol/DHEA ratio, controlling for age. Regression analyses demonstrated that DHEA and DHEAS levels could be predicted by symptom improvement and coping, whereas the cortisol/DHEA ratio was predicted by severity of childhood trauma and current symptom severity. Conclusion: That greater symptom improvement was related to DHEA levels may suggest for a role for these hormones in modulating recovery from PTSD.
α1-Antichymotrypsin Inhibits Aβ Degradation in Vitro and in Vivo

The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extensive deposition of the toxic amyloid beta peptide (A beta) in selected regions of the brain and brain vasculature (Selkoe, 1999). Thus, lowering the levels of A beta may be beneficial for AD patients. A beta is a proteolytic fragment derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The mechanisms of A beta formation from its precursor have been studied extensively; however, considerably less effort has been invested into studying A beta clearance. We find that the degradation of A beta in our system is dependent upon the presence of a metallopeptidase E.C.3.4.24.15 (MP24.15) (Yamin et al., 1999). We have previously purified MP24.15 to homogeneity from AD brain and identified it as an APP-processing protease in vitro (Papastoitsis, 1994). To confirm its role in cell culture, we transfected SKNMC neuroblastoma cells with sense and antisense cDNAs of MP24.15 and with a mock construct. Compared to mock conditioned media (CM), CM of MP24.15-overexpressing cells had very high A beta-degrading activity. Conversely, CM of antisense-expressing cells lacked A beta-degrading activity. These results suggested that MP24.15 is involved in A beta degradation. Characterization of the proteolytic activity directly responsible for A beta degradation using a spectrum of protease inhibitors revealed that only serine protease inhibitors completely blocked A beta degradation. Therefore, MP24.15 appears to activate a serine protease, which then cleaves A beta. Interestingly, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) which we discovered to be highly elevated in AD brain (Abraham, et al., 1988) also inhibited A beta degradation. To our delight, ACT proved to be an inhibitor of A beta degradation in vivo as well. When we crossed transgenic mice expressing human ACT with plaque-producing mice expressing human APP, the doubly transgenic mice had twice as many plaques at 20 months of age as the APP mice (Mucke et al., 2000). Successful completion of this study could lead to the design of reagents that would reduce the amyloid load in AD patients.
Modeling TNT ignition.

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ignition model was developed using data from multiple sources.1−4 The one-step, first-order, pressure-dependent mechanism was used to predict ignition behavior from small- and large-scale experiments involving significant fluid motion. Bubbles created from decomposition gases were shown to cause vigorous boiling. The forced mixing caused by these bubbles was not modeled adequately using only free liquid convection. Thorough mixing and ample contact of the reactive species indicated that the TNT decomposition products were in equilibrium. The effect of impurities on the reaction rate was the primary uncertainty in the decomposition model.
Wood-gnawing in rats following cortical, olfactory bulb or limbic lesions.

Abstract Wood-gnawing was examined in rats following neocortical, olfactory bulb or limbic lesions. Anterior neocortical lesions produced a persistent (50 day) reduction of wood-gnawing which was not due to inability to gnaw or reduced body weight. All other lesions produced a transient (8–12 day) depression of gnawing.
Generation of aflR disruption mutants of Aspergillus parasiticus

The aflR gene of Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus encodes a binuclear zinc-finger, DNA-binding protein, AflR, responsible for activating the transcription of all known aflatoxin biosynthetic genes including itself. Studies to determine how environmental and nutritional factors affect aflR expression and hence aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus have been difficult to perform due to the lack of aflR“knockout” mutants. Transformation of an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain of A. parasiticus with an aflR-niaD gene disruption vector resulted in clones harboring a recombinationally inactivated aflR gene which no longer produced OMST or aflR transcript. By transformation of this aflR disruptant strain with constructs containing mutated versions of the aflR promoter, we identified three cis-acting sites that were necessary for aflR function: an AflR-binding site, a PacC-binding site, and a G + A-rich site near the transcription start site of aflR.
Improved algorithmic methods for the prediction of wavefront propagation behavior in multiconductor transmission lines for high frequency digital signal processors

Several computer-aided design (CAD) tools suitable for use by the designers of digital signal and data processors based on the quasi-TEM assumption for multiconductor transmission lines are presented. The integral equation method due to C. Wei, et al. (1984) is selected for the evaluation of electrostatic parameters, including capacitance, inductance, conductance, and resistance matrices, and attenuation factors as well as propagation constants and crosstalk. These parameters are thereafter used to simulate the waveforms of coupled stripline/microstrip lines by the system decoupling method, which is derived in a manner simpler than previously described in the literature. The computer codes along with the graphics input routines have been integrated into a CAD system referred to as MagiCAD, and are suitable for direct use in CAD procedures for the design of high-clock-rate digital circuits. Numerical examples, comparisons, and applications are shown. >
Defensive chemistry of the flour beetleTribolium brevicornis (LeC): : Presence of known and potential prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.

The defensive secretion ofTribolium brevicornis contains 12 organic components, including quinones, hydroquinones, hydrocarbons, aromatic ketones, and aromatic esters. The two ketones, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone and 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxypropiophenone, and the two esters, methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoate, represent ca. 0.25% of the biomass of the beetles. Mass spectral and NMR analyses were used to elucidate the structures of all components. The ketones are potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PSI), and the esters are suspected to be PSI.
Fractal-based modeling of 3D terrain surfaces

Fractal-based methods have been developed and implemented for analyzing a 3D mesh of terrain sample points and using then to approximate the terrain surface at points between the known sample points. Fractal features such as fractal dimension and distribution function are extracted from a coarsely sampled 3D surface, and then interpolated in order to estimate the intervening surface. The sample mesh is generated using random midpoint displacement. For comparison, a reference 2 meter mesh is sampled at 4 meters, and the random midpoint displacement method is used to predict 2 meter grid points. The reference mesh and the interpolated mesh are found to give a reasonable match. Software algorithms implement the fractal-based analysis and interpolation techniques. Fractional Brownian functions are used in random displacements.
Space systems general-purpose processor

The requirements for this processor were established using the experience of the hardware and software designers in the APL Space Department. The use of commercial hardware and software products, combined with an error- and fault-tolerant architecture, resulted in a low-cost design without adversely affecting overall reliability. The processor's architecture and mechanical design, and hardware and software test and validation methods are described.
Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states - Maybe it is all in their head

Mechanisms underlying chronic pain differ from those underlying acute pain. In chronic pain states, central nervous system (CNS) factors appear to play particularly prominent roles. In the absence of anatomical causes of persistent pain, medical sub-specialities have historically applied wide-ranging labels (e.g., fibromyalgia (FM), irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis and somatisation) for what now is emerging as a single common set of CNS processes. The hallmark of these 'centrally driven' pain conditions is a diffuse hyperalgesic state identifiable using experimental sensory testing, and corroborated by functional neuroimaging. The characteristic symptoms of these central pain conditions include multifocal pain, fatigue, insomnia, memory difficulties and a higher rate of co-morbid mood disorders. In contrast to acute and peripheral pain states that are responsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, central pain conditions respond best to CNS neuromodulating agents, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and anticonvulsants.
On the feasibility of hardware implementation of sub-Nyquist random-sampling based analog-to-information conversion

In this paper, we successfully demonstrate the feasibility of hardware implementation of a sub-Nyquist random- sampling based analog to information converter (RS-AIC). The RS-AIC is based on the theory of information recovery from random samples using an efficient information recovery algorithm to compute the spectrogram of the signal. Our RS-AIC enables sub-Nyquist acquisition and processing of wideband signals that are sparse in a local Fourier representation. Results from our RS-AIC hardware implementation demonstrate successful reconstruction of signals that are sampled at half the Nyquist-rate while maintaining up to a 51 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is equivalent to an 8.5 bit resolution analog to digital converter.
Exploiting active-learning strategies for annotating prosodic events with limited labeled data

Many applications of spoken-language systems can benefit from having access to annotations of prosodic events. Unfortunately, obtaining human annotations of these events, even sensible amounts to train a supervised system, can become a laborious and costly effort. Given these constraints, this task serves as a good case study for approaches that judiciously guide the selection of data in order to maximize the gain from the human-labeling process or which minimize the size of the training set. To address this, we explore active learning techniques with the objective of reducing the amount of human-annotated data needed to attain a given level of performance. We review strategies that can be used to guide the selection of sequences by combining the output of a classifier and information about the structure of the data into a criterion that can be used during the learning process to query the label of data points that are both informative and representative of the task, and show that for most of the cases considered, active selection strategies when labeling pitch accents and prosodic boundaries are as good as or exceed the performance of random data selection.
Empirical Lower Bounds on the Complexity of Translational Equivalence

This paper describes a study of the patterns of translational equivalence exhibited by a variety of bitexts. The study found that the complexity of these patterns in every bitext was higher than suggested in the literature. These findings shed new light on why "syntactic" constraints have not helped to improve statistical translation models, including finite-state phrase-based models, tree-to-string models, and tree-to-tree models. The paper also presents evidence that inversion transduction grammars cannot generate some translational equivalence relations, even in relatively simple real bitexts in syntactically similar languages with rigid word order. Instructions for replicating our experiments are at http://nip.cs.nyu.edu/GenPar/ACL06
1,1,3,3‐Tetrabutyl‐1,3‐diisothiocyanatodistannoxane

[5926-80-7] C18H36N2OS2Sn2 (MW 598.04) InChI = 1S/8C4H9.4CNS.2O.4Sn/c8*1-3-4-2;4*2-1-3;;;;;;/h8*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;;;;;;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;2*-1;;;;;2*+1 InChIKey = PPPXPHOFIOIHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as esterification catalyst) Physical Data: mp 83.5–84.5 °C.1 Solubility: distannoxanes are soluble in any organic solvent, including aliphatic hydrocarbons. Form Supplied in: the title compound is not commercially available. It can be synthesized readily from n-Bu2SnCl2.1, 2 Purification: recrystallization from a mixture of benzene and petroleum ether provides clear crystals. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: 3 corrosive. Harmful solid. Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure. Storage: keep tightly closed. Store in a cool, dry place. Handle and store under nitrogen.
Viewpoint: Are Studies in Genetically Altered Mice Out of Control?

Abstract —Because the use of transgenic and gene-targeted models has increased in popularity, the number of reports describing unpredictable phenotypic effects caused by variation in the genetic background used to generate or propagate these models has steadily increased. There are now many examples in which animals containing the same exact genetic manipulation exhibit profoundly different phenotypes when present on diverse genetic backgrounds, demonstrating that genes unrelated, per se, to the ones being targeted can play a significant role in the observed phenotype. Herein, I will discuss (1) the source of genetic variability in mutant mouse models, (2) the appropriateness of using inbred mice as controls, and (3) strategies to help minimize genetic variation between experimental and control mice.
A Tungsten Coil Furnace for High-Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Investigations

A furnace with a tungsten coil as the heating element has been designed and built for use with the X-ray diffraction spectrometer in the study of phase changes and equilibria at high temperatures. Tests indicate that temperatures up to 2000°C. can be reached and maintained for long periods of time in a neutral atmosphere. Materials which are not readily affected by the tungsten vapors that are present can be heated successfully in this type of furnace. Summary With this furnace, samples may be heated to and held at temperatures up to 2000° C. while X-ray spectrometer data are obtained. Phase changes and equilibrium conditions existing at temperatures considerably above those obtainable with Pt alloy elements and at different time intervals at constant temperatures can thus be readily and positively determined. It should be noted, however, that materials which are readily reduced by tungsten vapors cannot be satisfactorily heat-treated in this particular type of furnace.
Discrete-Time Survival Mixture Analysis

This article proposes a general latent variable approach to discrete-time survival analysis of nonrepeatable events such as onset of drug use. It is showvn how the survival analysis can beformulated as a generalized latent class analysis of event history indicators. The latent class analysis can use covariates and can be combined wvith the joint modeling of other outcomes such as repeated measures for a related process. It is shown that conventional discrete-time survival analysis corresponds to a single-class latent class analysis. Multiple-class extensions are proposed, including the special cases of a class of long-term survivors and classes defined by outcomes related to survivaL The estimation uses a general latent variable framework, including both categorical and continuous latent variables and incorporated in the Mplus program. Estimation is carried out using maximum likelihood via the EM algorithm. Two examples serve as illustrations. The first example concerns recidivism after incarceration in a randomized field experiment. The second example concerns school removal related to the development of aggressive behavior in the classroom.
Development and applications of the RF-driven ion source

Summary form only given, as follows. RF driven ion sources have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for more than a decade. This type of ion source can be operated with 2 or 13.5 MHz in either cw or pulsed mode for positive or negative ion beam production. In order to achieve long-life, and reliable operations, various ion source and RF antenna configurations have been investigated. Application of the RF ion source includes spallation neutron source, ion implantation, ion beam lithography, focused ion beam systems, BNCT and brachytherapy and intense neutron generators. The latest RF driven ion source technology will be presented.
Validation of a new model for aerobic organic solids decomposition: simulations with substrate specific kinetics

This study is a synthesis of substrate specific kinetics and a mass and energy model to predict the process dynamics of the aerobic degradation of synthetic food waste (SFW). The model is validated against pilot scale experimental data obtained from two previous studies. In all the observations the model tended to over predict values of the state variables. The maximum rates of oxygen uptake, cumulative oxygen uptake, and the maximum process temperature were all over predicted. The sensitivity of the model to two key parameters, the specific O2 uptake, gO2 , and the respiration quotient, br, was also investigated. It was noted that the smaller values of respiration quotient produced better estimates later in the process. The maximum rate of O2 uptake was insensitive to changes in specific oxygen uptake rate at low aeration rates and more sensitive at high aeration rates. Discrepancies between the model predictions and actual data are explained by the violations of basic assumptions of homogeneous bed conditions. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Identifying the Minimal Enzymes Required for Biosynthesis of Epoxyketone Proteasome Inhibitors

Epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors have attracted much interest due to their potential as anticancer drugs. Although the biosynthetic gene clusters for several peptidyl epoxyketone natural products have recently been identified, the enzymatic logic involved in the formation of the terminal epoxyketone pharmacophore has been relatively unexplored. Here, we report the identification of the minimal set of enzymes from the eponemycin gene cluster necessary for the biosynthesis of novel metabolites containing a terminal epoxyketone pharmacophore in Escherichia coli, a versatile and fast-growing heterologous host. This set of enzymes includes a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), a polyketide synthase (PKS), and an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) homologue. In addition to the in vivo functional reconstitution of these enzymes in E. coli, in vitro studies of the eponemycin NRPS and (13) C-labeled precursor feeding experiments were performed to advance the mechanistic understanding of terminal epoxyketone formation.
Incident occurrence modeling during hurricane evacuation events: the case of alabama's I-65 corridor

Contraflow on major evacuation routes is one scheme that has been adopted in many Gulf and eastern coastal states for hurricane evacuation. The idea is to reverse one direction of the roadway in order to accommodate the often substantially increased travel demand moving away from the impact area. Efficient planning and operation is critical to a successful contraflow implementation. Alabama has an approximately 140-mile contraflow segment on I-65 between exit 31 and exit 167 and has carried out contraflow operations several times in past hurricane evacuations. The timing for the deployment of equipment and personnel and the initiation and termination of actual contraflow affects the effectiveness, safety, and cost of the operation. Researchers from the University of Alabama were tasked with the design of a decision support system for contraflow evacuation planning. The conceived decision support system consists of three main modules: the demand module, the network optimization module, and the incident and characterization module. This paper focuses on the design of the traffic incident generation and characterization module of the planned decision support system.
Information Risk of Inadvertent Disclosure: An Analysis of File-Sharing Risk in the Financial Supply Chain

Firms face many different types of information security risk. Inadvertent disclosure of sensitive business information represents one of the largest classes of recent security breaches. We examine a specific instance of this problem-inadvertent disclosures through peer-to-peer file-sharing networks. We characterize the extent of the security risk for a group of large financial institutions using a direct analysis of leaked documents. We also characterize the threat of loss by examining search patterns in peer-to-peer networks. Our analysis demonstrates both a substantial threat and vulnerability for large financial firms. We find a statistically significant link between leakage and leak sources including the firm employment base and the number of retail accounts. We also find a link between firm visibility and threat activity. Finally, we find that firms with more leaks also experience increased threat.
Estrogen Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Distribution of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Brains of Adult Female Prairie and Meadow Voles

Adult female prairie (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow (M. pennsylvanicus) voles were compared to examine neural cell proliferation and the effects of estrogen manipulation on cell proliferation in the amygdala, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). Unlike prior studies, our study focused on the amygdala and VMH, because they are involved in social behaviors and may underlie behavioral differences between the species. Meadow voles had a higher density of cells labeled with the cell proliferation marker 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the amygdala and DG than did prairie voles. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days increased the density of BrdU-labeled cells in the amygdala, particularly in the posterior cortical (pCorA) and medial (pMeA) nuclei, in meadow, but not prairie, voles. Furthermore, the majority of the BrdUlabeled cells in the pCorA and pMeA displayed either a neuronal or a glial progenitor phenotype, but no species or treatment differences were found in the percentage of neuronal or glial progenitor cells. To understand better estrogen’s effects on adult neurogenesis, we also examined estrogen receptor- (ER) distribution. Meadow voles had more ER-labeled cells in the pCorA and VMH, but not in the pMeA or DG, than did prairie voles. In addition, more than one-half of the BrdU-labeled cells in the amygdala of both species coexpressed ER labeling. Together, these data indicate that estrogen alters cell proliferation in a species- and region-specific manner, and some of these effects may lie in the specific localization of estrogen receptors in the adult vole brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:166 –179, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: neurogenesis; ER; amygdala; hypothalamus; progenitor
Rapid polymerizing fibrin glue from autologous or single-donor blood: preparation and indications

✓ A recipe for the preparation of a rapid polymerizing fibrin glue from single-donor or autologous blood products is presented. An in vitro investigation of different recipes with study of polymerization times, consistency, and in vitro survival of the product is described. The preparation in the operating room and the indications for clinical use of this glue in neurosurgery are discussed. The results of its use in a series of 38 patients is presented, including those undergoing surgery of the skull base, pituitary gland, cranial nerves, and the spine.
Electron microscope observations on intracellular virus-like particles associated with the cells of the Lucké renal adenocarcinoma.

The common renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog was studied in thin sections with the electron microscope. Approximately a third of the tumors examined were found to contain spheroidal bodies of uniform size and distinctive morphology that are believed to be virus particles. These consist of hollow spheres (90 to 100 mmicro) having a thick capsule and a dense inner body (35 to 40 mmicro) that is eccentrically placed within the central cavity (70 to 80 mmicro). Virus particles of this kind occur principally in the cytoplasm but occasionally they are also found in the nucleus and in the extracellular spaces of the tumor. The intranuclear inclusion bodies that are visible with the light microscope are largely comprised of hollow, spherical vesicles with thin limiting membranes. These are embedded in a finely granular matrix. A few of the thin walled vesicles contain a dense inner body like that of the cytoplasmic virus particles. This suggests that they may be immature virus particles. The inclusion bodies are believed to be formed in the course of virus multiplication but they usually contain very few mature virus particles. Bundles of dense filaments and peculiar vacuolar inclusions also occur in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. These seem to be related in some way to the presence of virus but their origin and significance remain obscure. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work suggesting that the Lucke adenocarcinoma is caused by an organ-specific filtrable agent. It is concluded that the "virus particles" found in electron micrographs of the tumor cells may be the postulated tumor agent. On the other hand, the possibility remains that the particles described here are not those that are causally related to the tumors.
Perioperative acute ischemic stroke in noncardiac and nonvascular surgery: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

Background: Perioperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a recognized complication of noncardiac, nonvascular surgery, but few data are available regarding incidence and effect on outcome. This study examines the epidemiology of perioperative AIS in three common surgeries: hemicolectomy, total hip replacement, and lobectomy/segmental lung resection. Methods: Discharges for patients aged 18 yr or older who underwent any of the surgical procedures listed above were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, an administrative database that contains 20% of all discharges from non-Federal hospitals each year, for years 2000 to 2004. Using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes, patients with perioperative AIS were identified, as were comorbid conditions that may be risk factors for perioperative AIS. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of perioperative AIS and to ascertain the effect of AIS on outcome. Results: A total of 0.7% of 131,067 hemicolectomy patients, 0.2% of 201,235 total hip replacement patients, and 0.6% of 39,339 lobectomy/segmental lung resection patients developed perioperative AIS. For patients older than 65 yr, AIS rose to 1.0% for hemicolectomy, 0.3% for hip replacement, and 0.8% for pulmonary resection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed renal disease (odds ratio, 3.0), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 2.0), history of stroke (odds ratio, 1.6), and cardiac valvular disease (odds ratio, 1.5) to be the most significant risk factors for perioperative AIS. Conclusions: Perioperative AIS is an important source of morbidity and mortality associated with noncardiac, nonvascular surgery, particularly in elderly patients and patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, renal disease, or previous stroke. PERIOPERATIVE acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a well recognized complication of cardiac and certain vascular surgeries, and it has been extensively studied in these settings. 1 Other types of surgery, although lacking the stroke risks associated with use of a cardiopulmonary bypass pump and direct manipulation of the heart and/or major vessels, are subject to other risk factors for perioperative AIS that have been recognized in cardiovascular surgery, including postoperative atrial fibrillation, perioperative myocardial infarction, hypotension, and surgery-induced hypercoagulability. 1 Although it has been shown that there is a stroke risk associated with noncardiac and nonvascular surgeries, 2 relatively few data are available regarding the incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome of perioperative AIS for these surgeries. We therefore undertook an analysis of perioperative AIS using a large, nationwide administrative dataset looking at three common, noncardiac surgeries: hemicolectomy, total hip replacement, and segmental/lobar lung resection. These operations were used to represent major intraabdominal, orthopedic, and noncardiac thoracic surgical procedures, respectively.
The Todd character and cohomology operations

Abstract In “On the Conflict of Bordism of Finite Complexes” [ J. Differential Geometry ], Conner and Smith introduced a homomorphism called the Todd character, relating complex bordism theory to rational homology. Specifically the Todd character consists of a family of homomorphisms th r : MU s (X) → H s→r (X; Q ) . In L. Smith, The Todd character and the integrality theorem for the Chern character, Ill. J. Math. it was shown (note that the indexing of the Todd character is somewhat different here) that there was an integrality theorem for th analogous to the Adams integrality theorem for the Chern character J. F. Adams, On the Chern character and the structure of the unitary group, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 57 (1961), 189–199; On the Chern character revisted, Ill. J. Math. Now Adams' first paper contains a wealth of information about the Chern character in addition to the integrality theorem already mentioned. Our objective in the present note is to derive analogous results for the Todd character. As in Smith these may then be used to deduce the results of Adams for the Chern character.
Nucleation and growth of zeolites and inorganic mesoporous solids: Molecular insights from magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Inorganic nano- and mesoporous materials can be prepared with a variety of compositions, structures, and macroscopic morphologies. Due to their wide range of properties and applications, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing their formation under different synthesis conditions is of particular interest. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a variety of powerful and complementary techniques for acquiring insights on the molecular processes and structures that underly crystallization or self-assembly of these complex heterogeneous systems. This review examines contributions from NMR and EPR spectroscopy to the recent developments and current understanding in the nucleation and growth of nanoporous molecular sieves and mesoporous inorganic solids.
Ssk1p Response Regulator Binding Surface on Histidine- Containing Phosphotransfer Protein Ypd1p

ABSTRACT Ypd1p, a histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein, plays an important role in a branched His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction pathway that regulates cellular responses to hyperosmotic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ypd1p is required for phosphoryl group transfer from the membrane-bound Sln1p sensor histidine kinase to two downstream response regulator proteins, Ssk1p and Skn7p. To investigate the molecular basis for interaction of Ypd1p with these response regulator domains, we used an approach that coupled alanine-scanning mutagenesis of surface-exposed residues in Ypd1p with a yeast two-hybrid interaction screen. Mutated residues that adversely affected the interaction of Ypd1p with the C-terminal response regulator domain of Ssk1p were identified and found to cluster on or near the αA helix in Ypd1p. Our results, supported by analysis of a modeled complex, identify a binding site on Ypd1p for response regulators that is composed of a cluster of conserved hydrophobic residues surrounded by less conserved polar residues. We propose that molecular interactions involving Ypd1p are mediated primarily through hydrophobic contacts, whereas binding specificity and strength of interaction may be influenced by select polar side chain interactions.
"We Are in the Middle of Two Great Powers": Refugees, Activists, and Government during the Plattsburgh Border Crisis of 1987

In early 1987 the Canadian government closed its border to hundreds of would-be refugees streaming north from the United States. Forced to flee the newly passed Immigration Reform and Control Act, refugees from Central America, Southeast Asia, and eastern Africa found themselves trapped between the two countries. This article examines the reasons for the Canadian government’s policy shift, the temporary refugee camp it created in upstate New York, and the camp’s effect on the border town of Plattsburgh, NY. En debut 1987, le gouvernement canadien decida de fermer sa frontiere, precedemment ouverte, a des centaines de refugies potentiels en provenance des Etats-Unis, obliges de fuir vers le nord en raison de l’adoption recente d’une loi sur la reforme et le controle de l’immigration (Immigration Reform and Control Act). Des refugies de l’Amerique centrale, de l’Asie du Sud-Est, et de l’Afrique orientale se sont ainsi trouves pris dans une position incertaine entre ces deux pays. Cet article etudie les raisons pour ce changement de politique de la part du gouvernement canadien, le camp de refugies temporaire qui en resulta dans le nord de l’Etat de New York et l’impact du camp sur la ville frontaliere de Plattsburgh, NY.
Epigenetic silencing of S100A2 in bladder and head and neck cancers.

S100A2, a member of the S100 protein family, is known to be downregulated in a number of human cancers, leading to its designation as a potential tumor suppressor gene. Here, we investigated the expression and methylation status of S100A2 in head&neck and bladder cancer. Reduced mRNA and protein expression was observed in 8 head&neck and bladder cancer cell lines. To explore the mechanism responsible for the downregulation of S100A2, we treated six cell lines with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. We found S100A2 is silenced in association with aberrant promoter-region methylation and its expression is restored with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment. Of 31 primary head&neck cancer cases and 31 bladder cancer cases, promoter methylation was detected in 90% and 80% of cases, respectively. Interestingly, only 1/9 of normal head&neck tissues and 2/6 of normal bladder tissues showed promoter methylation. S100A2 promoter methylation can be detected in urine and is more frequent in bladder cancer patients than in healthy subjects (96% vs 48% respectively). Moreover, increased methylation of S100A2 is linked to the progression of the tumor in bladder cancer (p<0.01). Together, this data shows that methylation-associated inactivation of S100A2 is frequent and may be an important event in the tumorigenesis of head&neck and bladder cancer.
Werner Weisbach, Vom Geschmack und seinen Wandlungen

(1949). Werner Weisbach, Vom Geschmack und seinen Wandlungen. The Art Bulletin: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 242-243.
In Defense of Planning in the Eco-State

As the defects of the neo-liberal hegemony become increasingly obvious, many seek answers in alternative systems. The fact that our natural environment remains under direct assault by these forces has spawned alternatives that focus on ecological preservation. Such radical eco-centrism, however, is still searching for a workable program of transition to a better world (the ecotopia). This paper suggests that a viable program for ecological (and human) renewal is to be found in the idea of social, economic and environmental planning under a system of public stewardship of natural resources.
Sensitivity of field strains of Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium section Liseola) to benomyl and Hygromycin B

(1993). Sensitivity of Field Strains of Gibberella Fujikuroi (Fusarium Section Liseola) to Benomyl and Hygromycin B. Mycologia: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 206-213.
High-Fidelity Simulations of Transitional Airfoil Interacting with Upstream Vortical Structure

The paper discusses results of 2D and 3D high-fidelity viscous simulations of SD7003 airfoil’s unsteady aerodynamic response to impinging vortical structures in the transitional flow regimes characteristic of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) applications. Following a thorough review of previous studies characterizing various scales and configurations of urban flow disturbances, the numerical work focuses on the airfoil-vortex unsteady interaction investigated in the parametric space of variable vortex strength, size, position, sense of rotation, as well as the airfoil steady loading and the mean flow Reynolds number. The analysis reveals numerous details of the unsteady interaction processes and elucidates a complex interplay of viscous and inviscid unsteady phenomena and their resulting effect on the airfoil unsteady aerodynamic lift, drag and moment responses.
Nonmicrobial Nitrophenol Degradation via Peroxygenase Activity of Dehaloperoxidase-Hemoglobin from Amphitrite ornata.

The marine hemoglobin dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from Amphitrite ornata was found to catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of nitrophenols, an unprecedented nonmicrobial degradation pathway for nitrophenols by a hemoglobin. Using 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a representative substrate, the major monooxygenated product was 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC). Isotope labeling studies confirmed that the O atom incorporated was derived exclusively from H2O2, indicative of a peroxygenase mechanism for 4-NP oxidation. Accordingly, X-ray crystal structures of 4-NP (1.87 A) and 4-NC (1.98 A) bound to DHP revealed a binding site in close proximity to the heme cofactor. Peroxygenase activity could be initiated from either the ferric or oxyferrous states with equivalent substrate conversion and product distribution. The 4-NC product was itself a peroxidase substrate for DHP, leading to the secondary products 5-nitrobenzene-triol and hydroxy-5-nitro-1,2-benzoquinone. DHP was able to react with 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) but was unreactive against 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2,4,6-TNP). pH dependence studies demonstrated increased reactivity at lower pH for both 4-NP and 2,4-DNP, suggestive of a pH effect that precludes the reaction with 2,4,6-TNP at or near physiological conditions. Stopped-flow UV-visible spectroscopic studies strongly implicate a role for Compound I in the mechanism of 4-NP oxidation. The results demonstrate that there may be a much larger number of nonmicrobial enzymes that are underrepresented when it comes to understanding the degradation of persistent organic pollutants such as nitrophenols in the environment.
In Vivo Electrical Conductivity Contrast Imaging in a Mouse Model of Cancer Using High-Frequency Magnetoacoustic Tomography With Magnetic Induction (hfMAT-MI)

Cancerous tissues have electrical-conductivity signatures different from normal tissues, which contain potentially useful information for early detection. Despite recent advancements in electrical-conductivity imaging and its applications, imaging electrical conductivities with high spatial resolution remains a challenge for non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage cancer. Among the various electrical-conductivity imaging methods, magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is a promising technology for non-invasive detection of breast cancer. However, previous efforts to use MAT-MI for cancer imaging have suffered due to insufficient spatial resolution. In this work, we have developed a high-frequency MAT-MI (hfMAT-MI) system with a 2-D spatial resolution of 1 mm, a significant improvement over previous methods. Furthermore, we demonstrated the performance of this method using an in vivo cancer model in nude mice with human breast xenograft hindlimb tumors. hfMAT-MI was able to resolve not only the boundaries between cancerous and healthy tissues, but also the tumors’ internal structures. Importantly, we were able to track a growing tumor using our hfMAT-MI method for the first time in an in vivo mouse model, demonstrating the promise of this magneto-acoustic imaging system for effective detection and diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer.
Vertical Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on un-intentionally doped and Sn-doped (−201) bulk β-Ga 2 O 3 substrates

In this work, we fabricate Pt, Ni and Pd vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) on bulk (−201) α-Ga 2 O 3 substrates. We fabricate the diodes on two types of Ga 2 O 3 substrates, un-intentionally doped (UID) with 1017 cm−3 electron concentration and Sn-doped with 5×1018 cm−3 electron concentration. We characterize the diodes with current-voltage (I–V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and reverse breakdown measurements. We observe a Schottky barrier height lowering (as extracted from forward I–V characteristics) in SBDs fabricated on Sn-doped Ga 2 O 3 substrates along with an increase in ideality factor. In Pt SBDs fabricated on UID Ga 2 O 3 substrate, we obtain a reverse breakdown voltage more than 170V. This breakdown voltage corresponds to a Pt/Ga 2 O 3 interface electric field of more than 2.6 MV/cm.
"Clarity" and "The romantic Marvin Milkweed".

Algernon Bay is the owner of a small art gallery on Chicago’s north side. And “Clarity” begins the day after Alge has acquired a very unique and special painting. It is the day of his inaugural ritual, which he hopes can recalibrate his life. Approximately a year ago, his wife Esmeralda gave birth to a stillborn infant, and their marriage has slowly deteriorated since. Now it is on the cusp of completely collapsing. Alge and Esmeralda are finally desperate, and they take unthinkable measures to attain the feeling of love once more. “The Romantic Marvin Milkweed” is a story that features a quixotic librarian that is desperately in-love with one of his employees. When a drunken homeless man wanders into the library, Marvin views the situation as a chance to impress his beloved Zoe, but things go awry. Marvin ends up alienating her, and forcing her to quit. Then, Marvin hatches a plan to win Zoe’s heart by proving his undying devotion, and does something drastic to finally reveal the depth of his adoration.
Gut and liver fat metabolism in depancreatized dogs: effects of exercise and acute insulin infusion.

Namdaran, Kiarash, Deanna P. Bracy, D. Brooks Lacy, Janice L. Johnson, Jennifer L. Bupp, and David H. Wasserman. Gut and liver fat metabolism in depancreatized dogs: effects of exercise and acute i...
Examining the Information Requirements for Flocking Motion

Flocking is an archetype emergent behavior that is displayed by a wide variety of groups and has been extensively studied in both biological and robotic communities. Still today, the exact requirements on the detail and type of information required for the production of flocking motion is unclear; moreover, these requirements have large potential impacts on biological plausibility and robotic implementations. This work implements a previously published flocking algorithm (Local Crowed Horizon) on a robotic platform and in computer simulations to explore the effects that the type and detail of information have on the produced motions. Specifically, we investigate the level of detail needed for the observation of flock members and study the differences between the use of pose and bearing information. Surprisingly, the results show that there is no significant difference in the motions produce by any observation detail or type of information. From the results, we introduce and define information-abstracted flocking algorithms, which are structured in such a way that the rule is agnostic to the observation detail and/or type of information given as input. Moreover, we believe our implementation of the Local Crowded Horizon flocking algorithm produces motions that require the least and most simplistic type of information (bearing only) which has been validated on robotic hardware to date.
Multidimensional Large Amplitude Dynamics in the Pyridine-Water Complex.

Aqueous pyridine plays an important role in a variety of catalytic processes aimed at harnessing solar energy. In this work, the pyridine–water interaction is studied by microwave spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Water forms a hydrogen bond to the nitrogen with the oxygen tilted slightly toward either of the ortho-hydrogens of the pyridine, and a tunneling motion involving in-plane rocking of the water interconverts the resulting equivalent structures. A pair of tunneling states with severely perturbed rotational spectra is identified and their energy separation, ΔE, is inferred from the perturbations and confirmed by direct measurement. Curiously, values of ΔE are 10404.45 and 13566.94 MHz for the H2O and D2O complexes, respectively, revealing an inverted isotope effect upon deuteration. Small splittings in some transitions suggest an additional internal motion making this complex an interesting challenge for theoretical treatments of large amplitude motion. The results underscore...
On Inertia Distribution, Inter-Area Oscillations and Location of Electronically-Interfaced Resources

This paper explores the relationships between inertia distribution, inter-area oscillations, and location of electronically-interfaced resources that are enabled with either damping or inertia emulation controllers (EIRs). A two-machine system with an EIR is used for analytical derivations. Explicit analytical expressions are found for: (a) the location of the center of inertia (COI), which depends on the H-inertia constant and voltage set-points of the machines, and (b) the residue of the system transfer function, which is convex in terms of the EIR location. These expressions are validated using full-order models for machines, exciters, and governors; the results support the idea of placing EIRs further away from the COI, or equivalently, in areas with low inertia to attain the highest possible oscillation damping. In the case of large-scale systems, an inertia distribution index is proposed which allows estimating the distance from any bus to the COI location. The efficacy of the proposed index is tested in a real system. The system areas with less inertia are proved to be the best places to deploy EIRs. The proposed index does not require computationally expensive calculations as those from modal analysis and it seems promising to better reinforce power system dynamics through EIRs.