cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nano-mechanics modelling of deformation and failure behaviours at asphalt–aggregate interfaces

The nano-mechanics method has recently emerged as a powerful computational approach to model from nano to macro microstructure deformation and failure behaviours in materials. This paper reviews the advances of nano-mechanics modelling method. Then it introduces the recent advances of our research on the molecular origin of deformation and failure processes of asphalt–aggregate interfaces. This research includes studies of bulk mechanical properties of asphalt and mineral aggregate, as well as asphalt–aggregate interface properties under tensile or confined shear loading. The moisture sensitivity properties of the interface are also evaluated. Our nanoscale modelling work focuses on understanding the mechanical quantities of hierarchical asphalt/mineral materials to develop atomic scale structure–property relations. The large-scale atomistic simulation provides a powerful approach in studying mechanical properties of asphalt concrete materials. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of ...
Production of streptavidin in a synthetic medium.

Abstract A simple, inexpensive procedure for producing streptavidin has been described. The biotin-binding protein was produced by growing Streptomyces avidinii in a synthetic liquid culture medium containing l -asparagine as the sole nitrogen source. With this procedure, extraneous proteinaceous substances inherently present in culture media prepared with yeast extract or with peptones were not present to interfere with isolation and purification of streptavidin. When harvested after 7–8 days of incubation, the culture fluid was relatively free of contaminating cell breakdown products. Maximal production of streptavidin (100–120 mg/1) was obtained in 8–10 day cultures. For some applications, the culture fluid can be used directly as a source of streptavidin. Under the same conditions used to grow S. avidinii, 11 other actinomycete strains and 134 eumycetes were found to lack the capacity to produce detectable amounts of an extracellular biotin-binding protein.
Isolation of a cDNA clone and characterization of expression of the highly abundant, cold acclimation-associated 14 kDa dehydrin of blueberry

Abstract Dehydrins are a family of plant proteins that are induced by dehydrative stresses such as those caused by drought, salinity, and low/freezing temperature. Induction of some dehydrins may be responsive to ABA and/or short photoperiod as well. Previously, we reported that in blueberry a family of dehydrins of 65, 60, and 14 kDa accumulates in floral buds during the winter, and the levels of these proteins correlate with cold tolerance. Decline in level of the 14 kDa dehydrin with exposure to warm temperatures correlates well with loss of hardiness or deacclimation also. In the present study, we identified and sequenced a cDNA clone from blueberry floral bud RNA that encodes the 14 kDa dehydrin. The identity of the clone was confirmed by comparing partial peptide sequences from the protein with deduced protein sequence from the cDNA. The cDNA was found to be a full-length 653 bp clone, comprised of a 55 bp 5′ UTR, an ORF of 303 bp, a 213 bp 3′ UTR, and an 82 bp polyA tail. The cDNA has 2 K boxes, indicative of dehydrins, and no Y or S segments; thus it was classified as a K2 type dehydrin. Expression of the 14 kDa dehydrin was studied at the transcript and protein levels in stem and leaf tissues under induced cold and drought stress in two genotypes, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Premier’, which differ in terms of their cold and drought tolerances. Expression of the protein was monitored using a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide of the consensus K box of blueberry dehydrins, which was found to cross react with many blueberry dehydrins. The 14 kDa dehydrin, like other Kn type dehydrins, was strongly induced by cold stress and to a lesser extent by drought stress. A previously uncharacterized 16 kDa dehydrin showed similar induction on Western blots; however, it appeared to increase over time during the course of the experiments in stems of the southern variety ‘Premier’. Like some other dehydrins and bark storage proteins, expression of the 16 kDa dehydrin may be responsive to short photoperiods. Patterns of expression of the 14 kDa dehydrin at the protein level were very consistent with patterns at the RNA level, and the 14 kDa dehydrin message was induced to higher levels in the more cold hardy and drought tolerant genotype, ‘Bluecrop’, than in ‘Premier’.
Lactose synthetase activity of alpha-lactalbumins from several species.

Abstract The kinetics of the interaction of the A and B proteins of lactose synthetase was studied and found to conform to simple Langmuir adsorption theory. The affinity of the B proteins of six species for bovine A protein was measured, and the range of affinities was found to differ among species. Taking these factors into consideration, a procedure for utilizing the lactose synthetase reaction as the basis of a functional assay for α-lactalbumin is outlined. Finally, preliminary evidence for a correlation between lactose levels and α-lactalbumin levels in the milks of different species is presented.
Reversal of acute renal allograft rejection by extracorporeal photopheresis: A case presentation and review of the literature

There is a clear need for well-tolerated immunomodulatory agents that can aid in the prevention of acute solid organ rejection. Extracorporeal photopherosis is an apheresis-based therapy that is currently available at many medical centers worldwide. Preliminary studies utilizing photopheresis with standard immunosuppressives have shown this therapy to successfully reverse acute cellular rejection of cardiac allografts with minimal toxicity. No formal evaluation of the role of extracorporeal photopheresis had been performed in renal transplantation. In this report, photopheresis was successfully utilized to treat acute cellular rejection in a patient with a renal allograft. This lends further support to the existing literature suggesting that photopheresis may be useful for the reversal of acute solid organ rejection. Although our experience with this patient is anecdotal, photopheresis merits further study as treatment for severe renal allograft rejection.
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS OPERATIVE IN ICE-SHEET INJURY OF ALFALFA.

Ice-sheets that contact the surface parts of herbaceous plants for extended periods are among the most injurious of the climatic hazards of many overwintering crops. Under field conditions they occur primarily in low spots which are not well drained. They may, however, cover large areas regardless of topography because sleet storms prevail in latitudes between those regions which are snow-covered for the major portion of the winter and those which, for the most part, are bare. Knowledge of the nature of ice-sheet injury is limited, and the work reported here is quite preliminary. It is an attempt to ascertain under controlled conditions some of the basic physiological factors which cause this type of winter injury. It has been suggested that killing by ice-sheets is due to smothering. The exact meaning or interpretation which that word was intended to convey is not clear. Bugaevskii and Zitnikova (1) have observed that winter wheat plants beneath an ice crust at -Io C. to -9? C. began to decrease in vigor after the twenty-third day and in fifty-four days all were dead. They suggest a lack of oxygen as a possible cause of death. On the other hand, smothering might be construed to mean the absence of a free diffusion of substances from the organism into the pore spaces of the soil and into the air or conversely, from the air to the organism. Whatever the interpretation of the term may be, efforts to break the ice cover and to eliminate its sealing effects by mechanical means such as disking and other types of scarification, have not proven effective in reducing or preventing icesheet injury under field conditions. In 1922, Graber scarified alternate areas of an ice sheet on an alfalfa field in "Wisconsin with a weighted disk. Although the scarification occurred within four days after the formation of the ice-sheet the alfalfa was badly killed whether the ice was broken or allowed to remain intact. He further observed that during the first three months of 1937, a sheet of ice, frozen tightly to the soil surface, covered most of the southeastern quarter of Wisconsin. In desperation, many farmers scarified this ice cover with disks and other farm implements. In no case was such treatment reported as being helpful and the losses from winter-killing of alfalfa that year were in excess of 200,000 acres. Only where an interveni Contribution no. 151 from the Department of Agronomy, Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wis. Published with the approval of the Director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.
Temperature Stabilization of Highly Reflecting Spherical Satellites

The temperature of an orbiting satellite with small internal power dissipation is determined by its radiation environment, the radiation properties of its surface, and orbital geometry. These parameters are considered for a spherical satellite. The available design parameter is the ratio of the effective solar absorptance of the exterior surface to the hemispheric emittance. The construction of a surface which has high specular reflectance and controllable low-temperature emittance is achieved by applying an evaporated layer of silicon monoxide over a highly reflecting aluminum surface. Information on the generation of uniform films on a spherical surface is presented along with data on the infrared properties and emittances of filmed surfaces. The successful application of this method of controlling temperature is demonstrated by the temperature behavior of Vanguard II (1959a) in orbit.
245 MHz graphene-aluminum nitride nano plate resonator

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a high frequency (245 MHz) Graphene-Aluminum Nitride (G-AlN) nano plate resonator (NPR). For the first time, a two-dimensional (2D) electrically conductive graphene layer was integrated on top of an ultra-thin (500 nm) AlN nano plate and excited into a high frequency contour-extensional mode of vibration by piezoelectric transduction. Despite the reduced mass (~43%) and volume (~16%) and the increased sound velocity, hence resonant frequency (~23%), of the G-AlN NPR, unchanged device figure of merit (kt2·Q≈18) compared to the conventional AlN NPR was recorded, which demonstrates the great potential of the proposed technology for the implementation of a new class of ultra-sensitive and low noise G-AlN resonant sensors.
Retention and Release of Lead by a Silty Loam and a Fine Sandy Loam. II. Kinetics

Abstract The kinetics of lead retention and release by a silty loam and a fine sandy loam was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the rate and degree of lead retention. The rate of lead sorption onto the soils was determined using lead solution with concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L. Kinetics of lead retention was very rapid for both soils. Lead was completely removed from both the 10 and 100 mg/L solutions, but partially removed from the 1000 mg/L solutions within the first hour. It was noted that the rate of lead soption was faster for the 10 and 100 mg/L than the 1000 mg/L solutions. The slower retention kinetics for both soils at the 1000 mg/L lead contamination level can be attributed to surface precipitation effects. Batch extraction experiments were also performed using three different types of washing solutions. Lead release using the CaCl2 washes was less than the release using EDTA and HCl, but the kinetics of lead release was initially rapid with most of the removal ...
CacheCOW: providing QoS for storage system caches

Managed hosting and enterprise wide resource consolidation trends are increasingly leading to sharing of storage resources across multiple classes, corresponding to different applications/customers, each with a possibly different Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. To enable a storage system to meet diverse QoS requirements, we present two algorithms for dynamically allocating cache space among multiple classes of workloads. Our algorithms dynamically adapt the cache space allocated to each class in response to the observed response time, the temporal locality of reference, and the arrival pattern for each class. Using trace driven simulations collected from large storage system installations, we experimentally demonstrate that the algorithms not only meet the QoS requirements, but also increase the throughput by achieving a higher hit rate whenever feasible.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cylindrocyclophanes A and F through Cyclodimerization and a Ramberg–Bäcklund Reaction

A Ramberg–Backlund reaction was employed to form the macrocyclic carbon skeleton of the marine natural products cylindrocyclophanes A and F in an asymmetric synthesis of these target molecules.
Integrated acoustooptic and magnetooptic devices for optical information processing

Acoustooptic (AO) Bragg interactions between guided optical waves and surface acoustic waves (SAW's) and the resulting AO Bragg cell modulators have evolved in integrated AO technology in recent years. A variety of hybrid multichannel integrated AO device modules including power and interferometric RF spectrum analyzers, space switches, tunable filters, frequency shifters and modulators, analog algebraic processors, programmable correlators and other multichannel device modules have been realized in common LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate up to 1.0/spl times/3.7 cm/sup 2/ in maximum size. The prospects for realization of their counterparts in monolithic integrated format in a common substrate of InGaAsP material system are also significantly enhanced recently. These AO device modules have shown a high degree of modularity and suggested applications in optical information processing and communications. In the meantime, the magnetooptic (MO) Bragg interactions between guided optical waves and magnetostatic waves (MSWs) in yttrium iron garnet-gadolinium gallium garnet (YIG-GGG) waveguides have resulted in miniaturized MO Bragg cell modulators in analogy with the guided-wave AO Bragg cell modulators. Most recently the performance of such MO Bragg cell modulators has been significantly improved and the modulators have been integrated with ion-milled waveguide lenses to realize hybrid integrated MO device modules, and have been utilized to demonstrate a number of novel applications. In this paper, a review of some of these integrated AO and MO device modules and applications together with some unpublished new results are presented.
Bile acids stimulate biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the acute diarrhoeal disease cholera. After the bacterium is ingested, it passes through the digestive tract, encountering various environmental stresses including the acidic milieu of the stomach and the toxic effects of bile in the duodenum. While these stresses serve as part of a host defence system, V. cholerae has evolved resistance mechanisms that allow it to evade these defences and establish infection. We examined the expression profiles of V. cholerae in response to bile or bile acids and found an induction of biofilm genes. We found that V. cholerae shows significantly enhanced biofilm formation in response to bile acids, and that bacteria within the biofilm are more resistant to the toxicity of bile acids compared with planktonic cells. Bile acid induction of biofilms was found to be dependent on the vps genes (Vibrio polysaccharide synthesis) and their transcriptional activator VpsR, but VpsT is not required. These results contribute to the developing picture of a complex relationship between V. cholerae and its environment within the host during infection.
Clonal analyses reveal roles of organ founding stem cells, melanocyte stem cells and melanoblasts in establishment, growth and regeneration of the adult zebrafish fin

In vertebrates, the adult form emerges from the embryo by mobilization of precursors or adult stem cells. What different cell types these precursors give rise to, how many precursors establish the tissue or organ, and how they divide to establish and maintain the adult form remain largely unknown. We use the pigment pattern of the adult zebrafish fin, with a variety of clonal and lineage analyses, to address these issues. Early embryonic labeling with lineage-marker-bearing transposons shows that all classes of fin melanocytes (ontogenetic, regeneration and kit-independent melanocytes) and xanthophores arise from the same melanocyte-producing founding stem cells (mFSCs), whereas iridophores arise from distinct precursors. Additionally, these experiments show that, on average, six and nine mFSCs colonize the caudal and anal fin primordia, and daughters of different mFSCs always intercalate to form the adult pattern. Labeled clones are arrayed along the proximal-distal axis of the fin, and melanocyte time-of-differentiation lineage assays show that although most of the pigment pattern growth is at the distal edge of the fin, significant growth also occurs proximally. This suggests that leading edge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) divide both asymmetrically to generate new melanocytes, and symmetrically to expand the MSCs and leave quiescent MSCs in their wake. Clonal labeling in adult stages confirms this and reveals different contributions of MSCs and transient melanoblasts during growth. These analyses build a comprehensive picture for how MSCs are established and grow to form the pigment stripes of the adult zebrafish fins.
Crime, capital punishment, and knowledge: are criminal justice majors better informed than other majors about crime and capital punishment?

Criminal justice agencies increasingly seek better educated employees, who should have greater knowledge of criminal justice issues. This has lead to an increase in the number of students majoring ...
Dialectical behavior therapy for binge-eating disorder

Binge-eating episodes have alternately been described as stemming from strict dieting behaviors driven by overvalued ideas of weight and shape, or as arising from problematic interpersonal experiences. A third way of conceptualizing an eating binge is as a maladaptive emotion-regulation strategy, suggesting that facilitating more adaptive and effective affect regulation capacities may be a useful treatment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), a treatment aimed at increasing emotion regulation skill, is currently being adapted for use with a binge-eating disorder population. Assumptions underlying the treatment, methods in treatment delivery, and goals of the treatment package are discussed. A pilot study currently underway of group DBT therapy for individuals with Binge-Eating Disorder is described.
Hierarchical large-margin Gaussian mixture models for phonetic classification

In this paper we present a hierarchical large-margin Gaussian mixture modeling framework and evaluate it on the task of phonetic classification. A two-stage hierarchical classifier is trained by alternately updating parameters at different levels in the tree to maximize the joint margin of the overall classification. Since the loss function required in the training is convex to the parameter space the problem of spurious local minima is avoided. The model achieves good performance with fewer parameters than single-level classifiers. In the TIMIT benchmark task of context-independent phonetic classification, the proposed modeling scheme achieves a state-of-the-art phonetic classification error of 16.7% on the core test set. This is an absolute reduction of 1.6% from the best previously reported result on this task, and 4-5% lower than a variety of classifiers that have been recently examined on this task.
The effect of meprobamate on the somatic responses of anxious patients and normal controls.

The skeletal muscle activity and digital volume pulse of anxious psychiatric patients and normal controls were used as measures to confirm the hypothesis that meprobamate would reduce the level of muscle activity and autonomic responsivity of the patients to that of the controls when both groups experienced a mild “stress”—delayed auditory feedback (DAF).
Paying for particulars in people-to-be: commercialisation, commodification and commensurability in human reproduction

The push of biomedical profits and pull of consumer desire for greater happiness and superior performance heralds a robust market in offspring enhancement. There are two reasons we might worry about the reach of commerce into the realm of selective reproduction. The first concern is that for-profit genetic enhancement, under conditions of economic necessity, would exploit the poor, by coercing them, in effect, to part with reproductive material they would prefer not to sell for money, if not for their desperate situation. The second concern is that the market valuation and exchange of sperm, eggs, and embryos would distort the meaning, and degrade the worth, of those procreative goods. I argue that the concern about exploitation does not give reason to resist a market in pre-natal enhancement, but that the concern about degradation does. This degradation concern gives rise to two specific worries: one about altruism and another about commensurability. I conclude by sketching several policy recommendations to regulate the transfer of money in exchange for sperm and eggs with specified characteristics.
Bias sweep rate effects on quasi-static capacitance of MOS capacitors

MOS capacitance measurements are very fundamental characterization methods for MOS and FET structures. This paper discusses the effects of a finite bias sweep rate on quasi-static and high-frequency (HF) capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. As typically measured, a finite sweep rate causes the transition region from inversion to depletion of the quasistatic C-V curve to be shifted by several tenths of a volt along the bias voltage axis. The physical origin of this shift as well as a model to account for the effect is discussed. In order to understand quasi-static MOS C-V measurements and to extract fundamental parameters such as substrate doping density and polysilicon depletion effects from C-V measurements, these bias sweep rate effects must be understood and taken into account.
emotionally layered accounts: homeschoolers' justifications for maternal deviance

Drawing on six years of field research with homeschooling mothers, I show four ways they were accused of maternal deviance for keeping their children out of conventional schools, and I uncover the four justifications they used in response. On the surface, critics objected to the behavior of homeschooling; however, their specific accusations—and the accounts they engendered—revealed that it was mothers' (alleged) emotions that were at issue. I conclude by discussing how attention to emotions enhances our theoretical understanding of accounts, as well as how these data begin to map out the emotional complexities in the social construction of good mothering.
Can Progressive Resistive Exercise Improve Weight, Limb Girth, and Strength of Individuals With HIV Disease?

This excerpt was created in the absence of an abstract . highlights the findings and application of Cochrane reviews and other evidence pertinent to the practice of physical therapy. The Cochrane Library is a respected source of reliable evidence related to health care. Cochrane systematic reviews explore the evidence for and against the effectiveness and appropriateness of interventionsmedications, surgery, education, nutrition, exercise-and the evidence for and against the use of diagnostic tests for specific conditions. Cochrane reviews are designed to facilitate the decisions of clinicians, patients, and others in health care by providing a careful review and interpretation of research studies published in the scientific literature. Each article in this PTJ series summarizes a Cochrane review or other scientific evidence on a single topic and presents clinical scenarios based on real patients or programs to illustrate how the results of the review can be used to directly inform clinical decisions. This article focuses on an adult patient with HIV disease. Could a physical therapist guided progressive resistive exercise (PRE) program improve body weight, body composition, and strength in an individual with HIV disease?
Field use patterns and performance of child restraints secured by lower anchors and tethers for children (LATCH)

A revised attachment system for child restraint systems (CRS), Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH), was introduced to address issues of misuse of attachment of the CRS to the vehicle. This study provides the first real-world experience of this new restraint system. Relevant cases were selected from the partners for child passenger safety (PCPS) child-specific crash surveillance system based in the United States. Vehicles qualifying for the PCPS study were those model year 1990 or newer involved in a crash with at least one passenger ≤15 years of age. A subset of seven cases in which LATCH lower anchors were used was chosen for in-depth crash investigation and interview. Review of these data found misuse remained a frequent occurrence (5/7 cases). The presence of a loose harness in several cases demonstrated that the focus of LATCH on the attachment of the CRS to the vehicle did not remove one of the most common CRS misuses. Further, significant injuries still do occur although LATCH lower anchor performance was not necessarily a contributing factor to any of these injuries. This subset of cases demonstrates that consumers are using the LATCH technology, at times with significant misuse and that significant injury still may occur, despite use of LATCH.
Early Math Interest and the Development of Math Skills.

Prior models suggest that math attitudes and ability might strengthen each other over time in a reciprocal fashion (Ma, 1997). The current study investigated the relationship between math interest and skill both concurrently and over time in a preschool sample. Analyses of concurrent relationships indicated that high levels of interest were related to strong math skills. Even when controlling for initial interest and a brief intelligence measure, math skills predicted math interest approximately 5 months later; in the same way, early interest predicted later skill, even controlling for initial interest. These findings suggest that a reciprocal relationship between math interest and math ability may be in place as early as preschool.
Brain edema after carotid surgery

Article abstract-The postoperative hyperperfusion syndrome describes an abrupt increase in blood flow with loss of autoregulation in surgically reperfused brain. Reports described a spectrum of findings, including severe headache, transient ischemia, seizures, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Hypertension is common after carotid artery surgery and often plays a role in the pathophysiology. We now report five patients with severe white matter edema after carotid surgery, a finding not previously included in the hyperperfusion syndrome. Five to 8 days after carotid surgery and after hospital discharge, each patient developed hypertension, headache, hemiparesis, seizures, and aphasia or neglect due to severe white matter edema ipsilateral to the carotid surgery. One patient had a small hemorrhage within the edematous area. Hypertension was severe in four patients and moderate in one. The carotid artery was patent by ultrasound or angiography in each patient after surgery. Transcranial Doppler showed increased velocities ipsilateral to surgery in two patients and bilaterally in one. Computed tomographic abnormalities and neurologic signs resolved within 3 weeks in four of the five patients treated with antihypertensives and anticonvulsants. The fifth patient died from herniation secondary to massive edema. Brain edema with focal neurologic signs should be included as a serious but potentially reversible component of the postoperative hyperperfusion syndrome. NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 175-181
Improving Organizational Communication through Trust

Successful communication between persons within an organization is based on a foundation of mutual trust. Trust is explored through psychological/sociological avenues and finally through its implications for organizations. An atmosphere of trust can eliminate or minimize commonly prevailing communication barriers. Such barriers are classified as context-related (related to the communication environment or setting) and content-related (related to the message itself or the participants). Trust is a critical factor in overcoming communication barriers of both types. Organizational trust can be developed and improved by applying identified strategies. Individual relationships as well as organizational performance benefit from the establishment and maintenance of a trust atmosphere.
Thermal-hydraulic analysis of a high-pressure helium-cooled shield/blanket for ITER

A helium-cooled blanket/shield for ITER is presented that can provide high-grade heat and tritium self-sufficiency. It consists of narrow and relatively simple canisters filled with static liquid metal which is cooled by high pressure helium flowing through small double-walled tubes immersed in the liquid metal. The gaps between the tubes are also filled with static liquid metal. There are therefore three barriers between high-pressure helium and vacuum. Thermal-hydraulic analyses are presented that show the concept to be viable with both ferritic steel and vanadium alloy and with lithium and NaK liquid metal.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization as a Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Human Papillomaviruses

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the anogenital tract present several difficult questions pertaining to diagnosis. The most obvious question is whether a test for papillomavirus in anogenital lesions is necessary, and if so, what information is desired from such a test. If a diagnostic test is sought, then the next problem concerns the multitude of different papillomavirus types found in anogenital tract lesions, the need, if any, to differentiate these multiple types, and the availability of diagnostic probes to do so. The following discussion will elucidate the arguments supporting the need to test for HPV, by briefly describing a number of epidemiologic studies which associate HPV DNA with premalignant and malignant anogenital tract lesions. Molecular biological data which demonstrates the ability of certain papillomaviruses to transform cells in culture will also be reviewed. In addition, the ways in which nucleic acid hybridization techniques apply to the detection of HPV infections will be described, as well as advantages and disadvantages of several different hybridization techniques which can be used to HPV detection in anogenital lesions.
Implementing Effects-Based Water Quality Criteria for Eutrophication in Beaver Lake, Arkansas: Linking Standard Development and Assessment Methodology.

To address water quality standards needed to prevent accelerated eutrophication, many states in the United States have developed effects-based standards related to nutrients. In many cases, this has resulted in specific standards for Secchi transparency (ST) and phytoplankton biomass measured as sestonic chlorophyll (chl-). The state of Arkansas recently adopted its first effects-based water quality criteria for Beaver Lake in northwestern Arkansas, which was a growing-season geometric mean chl- 1.1 m. However, the adopted standard did not have a predefined assessment methodology that outlined the frequency and duration of potential exceedances. This study used hydrologic frequency analysis to estimate the risk of exceeding these water quality standards using measured and modeled data from Beaver Lake from 2001 to 2014. Beaver Lake conformed to common models in reservoir limnology in that ST was least and chl- was greatest in the river-reservoir transition zone and decreased in the downstream direction toward the dam. Greater chl- and lesser ST was clearly related to total phosphorus concentrations along this gradient. Thus, the risk of exceeding the water quality criteria decreased in a downstream direction. There were substantial differences in the probability of exceeding the adopted water quality criteria based on both spatial and temporal variation in the potential assessment periods. Based on the way the standard was developed and the risk of exceeding these standards derived from data collected before the standards were in place, we recommend that a minimum of half of the years assessed be necessary to result in a water quality violation. A number of other assessment considerations are presented that could provide flexibility to regulatory agencies in assessing water quality standards.
An Intrinsically Switchable Ladder-Type Ferroelectric BST-on-Si Composite FBAR Filter

This paper presents a ladder-type bulk acoustic wave (BAW) intrinsically switchable filter based on ferroelectric thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs). The switchable filter can be turned on and off by the application of an external bias voltage due to the electrostrictive effect in thin-film ferroelectrics. In this paper, Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) is used as the ferroelectric material. A systematic design approach for switchable ladder-type ferroelectric filters is provided based on required filter specifications. A switchable filter is implemented in the form of a BST-on-Si composite structure to control the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of FBARs. As an experimental verification, a 2.5-stage intrinsically switchable BST-on-Si composite FBAR filter is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurement results for a typical BST-on-Si composite FBAR show a resonator mechanical quality factor ( $Q_{m}$ ) of 971, as well as a $Q_{m}\times f$ of 2423 GHz. The filter presented here provides a measured insertion loss of 7.8 dB, out-of-band rejection of 26 dB, and fractional bandwidth of 0.33% at 2.5827 GHz when the filter is in the on state at a dc bias of 40 V. In its off state, the filter exhibits an isolation of 31 dB.
Partial duplication of the posterior urethra. An unusual form of urethral duplication.

A case is reported of duplication of the posterior urethra. The embryology and classification of this type of duplication are briefly discussed.
Impaired regulatory B cells in myasthenia gravis

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) attenuate the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent manner. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of human Bregs in MG focusing on CD19(+)CD1d(hi) CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) subsets. We found that MG patients exhibited a decrease in the frequency of both Breg subsets and IL-10 producing B cells within each subset, which correlated with disease severity. In addition, there was impaired suppression of Th1 polarization in MG. These findings, taken together with EAMG data, indicate that Bregs play an important role in regulating the severity of MG.
Perceptual symptoms in the latino psychiatric patients attending inner city outpatient clinic

Introduction Psychotic symptoms occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders and medical conditions. In addition, a significant proportion of the general population reports history of psychotic symptoms in the apparent absence of a psychiatric disorder. Reviewed literature suggests that Latino patients report certain forms of visual and auditory hallucinations without other indications of psychotic illness. In addition, it is common that some individuals with diverse religious or cultural backgrounds may present with psychotic transient experiences, which can be culturally normative. Objective To determine the prevalence of hallucinations and describe the nature of hallucinatory experiences in relation to cultural belief in Latino and non-Latino psychiatric outpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective case control study of 146 patients who were admitted to the outpatient psychiatric clinic for a period of ten months. We assessed clinical characteristics of these patients and reviewed the extended mental status examination, which contained questions about various form of hallucinations and spiritual experiences. This poster will explore the prevalence of hallucinations in the Latino population and determine the percentage of patients with a diagnosis of psychotic illness. A discussion of the phenomenological hallucinatory experiences and its relationship to cultural beliefs in the Latino psychiatric patients will also be presented. Conclusions Psychotic symptoms present differently across cultures. The Latino population is most likely to have psychotic like symptoms related to their cultural beliefs. Clinicians must understand the diverse cultural experiences and beliefs of the patients they work with to prevent misdiagnosis of culturally normative experiences.
Sign changes of coefficients and sums of coefficients of L-functions

Abstract We extend the axiomatization for detecting and quantifying sign changes of Meher and Murty [24] to sequences of complex numbers. We further generalize this result when the sequence is comprised of the coefficients of an L-function. As immediate applications, we prove that there are sign changes in intervals within sequences of coefficients of GL ( 2 ) holomorphic cusp forms, GL ( 2 ) Maass forms, and GL ( 3 ) Maass forms. Building on [13] , [14] , we prove that there are sign changes in intervals within sequences of partial sums of coefficients of GL ( 2 ) holomorphic cusp forms and Maass forms.
A domain-specific architectural foundation for engineering of numerical software systems

Numerical computations have found vast applications in numerous areas of science and engineering. Many scientific and engineering advances rely on the capability to build computational models in the form of numerical software systems. A review of the numerical computation literature of the past few decades reveals that research and practice in this area have been largely focused on designing efficient numerical algorithms to carry out numerical computations, but less attention has been paid to the architectural design of large-scale numerical software systems. On the other hand, the field of software engineering has made tremendous advances in the past few decades in various areas of software development including programming languages, development methodologies, and design techniques. Given the current mature status of the algorithmic design aspects of numerical computations, a change in research direction from lower-level algorithm design of numerical computations to higher-level architectural design of numerical software systems can yield fruitful results. In line with this objective, this paper aims to address the architectural level issues of numerical systems by taking advantage of the latest advances in software engineering and adapting them for the domain of numerical systems. This paper presents the design of a domain-specific architecture, which can serve as an architectural foundation for developing a large family of numerical software systems. A number of design strategies are presented and the rationale behind each strategy is explained. Using the Java programming language, we demonstrate how each of the strategies can be implemented in an object-oriented language. We further demonstrate that a set of basic design principles underlie a variety of design techniques.
Sports for Disabled and Handicapped People

Over the last decades, sports for disabled and handicapped people have gained in importance. The Paralympics, especially has helped to advance sports for people with impairments. They were not only important to promote health and wellness among people with disabilities, but also made society aware of what these people are capable of.
Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cells: a novel tool to diagnose leptomeningeal metastases from epithelial tumors.

Background Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains challenging due to low sensitivity of CSF cytology and infrequent unequivocal MRI findings. In a previous pilot study, we showed that rare cell capture technology (RCCT) could be used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the CSF of patients with LM from epithelial tumors. To establish the diagnostic accuracy of CSF-CTC in the diagnosis of LM, we applied this technique in a distinct, larger cohort of patients. Methods In this institutional review board-approved prospective study, patients with epithelial tumors and clinical suspicion of LM underwent CSF-CTC evaluation and standard MRI and CSF cytology examination. CSF-CTC enumeration was performed through an FDA-approved epithelial cell adhesion molecule-based RCCT immunomagnetic platform. LM was defined by either positive CSF cytology or imaging positive for LM. ROC analysis was utilized to define an optimal cutoff for CSF-CTC enumeration. Results Ninety-five patients were enrolled (36 breast, 31 lung, 28 others). LM was diagnosed in 30 patients (32%) based on CSF cytology (n = 12), MRI findings (n = 2), or both (n = 16). CSF-CTC were detected in 43/95 samples (median 19.3 CSF-CTC/mL, range 0.3 to 66.7). Based on ROC analysis, 1 CSF-CTC/mL provided the best threshold to diagnose LM, achieving a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value 90%, and negative predictive value 97%. Conclusions We defined ≥1 CSF-CTC/mL as the optimal cutoff for diagnosis of LM. CSF-CTC enumeration through RCCT is a robust tool to diagnose LM and should be considered in the routine LM workup in solid tumor patients.
Establishment of the place of the human in enterprise integration

Abstract The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) has developed a unique methodology for determining the place of the Human in any particular enterprise. This methodology will be described in this paper. This same capability also applies to GERAM through its inheritance from PERA in the development process of GFRAM.
Volume effects in the thermodynamics of ternary austenites

Abstract Elastic measurements have been made as a function of temperature and composition on a series of Fe-based substitutional solid solutions containing Mn, Ni and Cr. These data have been used to calculate the degree of error involved in applying statistical models to ternary carbon or nitrogen austenites when such models ignore the dilation of the substitutional lattice as a function of its composition. The results show that the error in the partial thermodynamic quantities and in the isothermal variation of the activity of the interstitial species with composition is of the order of scatter found in experimental thermodynamic data measured at constant pressure.
Electrochemical Energy Storage with Mediator-Ion Solid Electrolytes

Summary This perspective presents a new battery concept with a "mediator-ion" solid-state electrolyte for the development of next-generation battery technologies to meet the growing needs of large-scale electrical energy storage. The uniqueness of this mediator-ion strategy is that the redox reactions at the anode and the cathode are sustained by a shuttling of a mediator ion between the anolyte and the catholyte through the solid-state electrolyte. The active anode and cathode materials can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Use of a solid-electrolyte separator eliminates the common problem of chemical crossover between the anode and cathode, overcomes the dendrite problem when employing metal anodes, and offers the possibility of employing different liquid electrolytes at the anode and cathode. Based on these unique features, the mediator-ion battery concept offers a versatile approach for the development of a broad range of new battery systems.
Medications for alcohol use disorders: An overview

Patients who suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) usually go through various socio-behavioral and pathophysiological changes that take place in the brain and other organs. Recently, consumption of unhealthy food and excess alcohol along with a sedentary lifestyle has become a norm in both developed and developing countries. Despite the beneficial effects of moderate alcohol consumption, chronic and/or excessive alcohol intake is reported to negatively affect the brain, liver and other organs, resulting in cell death, organ damage/failure and death. The most effective therapy for alcoholism and alcohol related comorbidities is alcohol abstinence, however, chronic alcoholic patients cannot stop drinking alcohol. Therefore, targeted therapies are urgently needed to treat such populations. Patients who suffer from alcoholism and/or alcohol abuse experience harmful effects and changes that occur in the brain and other organs. Upon stopping alcohol consumption, alcoholic patients experience acute withdrawal symptoms followed by a protracted abstinence syndrome resulting in the risk of relapse to heavy drinking. For the past few decades, several drugs have been available for the treatment of AUDs. These drugs include medications to reduce or stop severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification as well as recovery medications to reduce alcohol craving and support abstinence. However, there is no drug that completely antagonizes the adverse effects of excessive amounts of alcohol. This review summarizes the drugs which are available and approved by the FDA and their mechanisms of action as well as the medications that are under various phases of preclinical and clinical trials. In addition, the repurposing of the FDA approved drugs, such as anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antidepressants and other medications, to prevent alcoholism and treat AUDs and their potential target mechanisms are summarized.
Laboring under an Illusion: Aligning Method and Theory in the Archaeology of Plantation Slavery

A rich body of thought—developed by archaeologists and others—points the way toward dynamic understandings of who humans are, yet archaeology struggles to be more than a handmaiden. Arguably, the problem is one of method rather than theory: what counts as data, how we archaeologists categorize things, and what our problems are. This paper examines labor relations in the early Virginia colony via locally made clay tobacco pipes. These artifacts, often treated as emblems of ethnic identity, are here used to understand a society in the process of transforming its pluralities into the categories that we take for granted.
Gasoline selective Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in structured bifunctional catalysts

Abstract The need for energy independence and security has refocused research on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) and its capability to selectively produce short and branched hydrocarbons. In this work, FTS selectivity to gasoline-range products was explored as a catalysis and process engineering problem. Novel structured catalysts for in situ upgrading of FTS products to gasoline-range hydrocarbons were successfully synthesized by coating controlled-thickness ZSM-5 films on the surface of Co-Al2O3/monolith substrates. These catalysts were synthesized on the premise that the monolith serves as an efficient mass and heat transfer structure, while the ZSM-5 layer functions as a hydrocarbon cracking and isomerization agent. Compared to traditional diesel-selective FTS, considerably higher quantity and quality of gasoline-range products were achieved with these bi-layered/bifunctional catalysts. Oil products with gasoline yield higher than 65 wt.% and selectivity to isomers and olefins greater than 70 wt.% were formed at relatively high temperature (230 °C) and intermediate pressure (12 bar), without compromising CO conversion, which remained as high as 79%.