cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Emergency Department Visits Associated With Wildfire Smoke Exposure in California in 2015

BackgroundWildfire smoke is known to exacerbate respiratory conditions; however, evidence for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events has been inconsistent, despite biological plausibility. Methods and ResultsA population‐based epidemiologic analysis was conducted for daily cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency department (ED) visits and wildfire smoke exposure in 2015 among adults in 8 California air basins. A quasi‐Poisson regression model was used for zip code‐level counts of ED visits, adjusting for heat index, day of week, seasonality, and population. Satellite‐imaged smoke plumes were classified as light, medium, or dense based on model‐estimated concentrations of fine particulate matter. Relative risk was determined for smoky days for lag days 0 to 4. Rates of ED visits by age‐ and sex‐stratified groups were also examined. Rates of all‐cause cardiovascular ED visits were elevated across all lags, with the greatest increase on dense smoke days and among those aged ≥65 years at lag 0 (relati...
Life history of the naked sand darter, Ammocrypta beani, in southeastern Mississippi

The reproduction of Ammocrypta beani in the Jourdan River drainage, Hancock County, Mississippi, was studied from 1970-1976. In 1971, reproduction occurred from late March into early October. Data from other years support these observations. Females from Hickory Creek produced more mature ova than females from Catahoula Creek. These differences may be due to seasonal, annual, habitat, or genetic differences. Counts of mature ova for both localities ranged from 27–120 for females 35–48 mm SL. Mature ova did not differ in size between the two localities. The mean mature ovum diameter was 0.92 mm. Maximum lifespan is about 2 years. Maturity occurs at about one year.
Administration of Water Rights in California

It can be safely stated that water is both a necessity of life and the subject of frequent and heated controversy. This is especially true in the State of California. The agricultural economy of California is based upon irrigation, requiring either pumping water from wells or storage, diversion, and transportation of water from streams to the place of ultimate use. In past years, as the economy expanded, the demands became greater upon the limited supply, and major conflicts between competing users developed. As the great metropolitan areas of the state grew and demands for water for domestic and industrial purposes multiplied, limited local water supplies were exhausted. To meet these growing requirements it became necessary to import water from distant sources. In order to be assured of the water supplies required to satisfy anticipated future needs, cities required rights to develop and utilize water for future use in order to keep in step with the expanding economy.1 Meanwhile, the use of water for generation of hydroelectric energy rapidly increased, and power companies and public agencies engaged in generation of hydroelectric energy sought to acquire rights to the use of water to meet these growing needs. As competing demands met head on, the courts were resorted to. The cases were sometimes mere two-party disputes, and suits involving numerous parties plaintiff or defendant were rare. Controversies were seldom laid to rest by decisions of the courts. Repeated litigation involving the same sources of water and some of the same parties or their successors was commonplace. The rules of law by which the cases were decided were essentially court made, based upon the common law of riparian rights plus the doctrines of appropriation and prescription, "the law of water in the West." The role of the sovereign, the State of California, was essentially a passive one. No agency of the state, representing the public interest, was a party to the litigation or to the processes by which water rights were acquired. That the welfare of the state as a whole was at stake became increasingly apparent as time went on.
Synaptic and Cellular Consequences of Hearing Loss

Hearing loss reduces synaptic activity in the central nervous system (CNS), and this commonly disrupts the electrical properties of the CNS, principally synaptic and voltage-gated currents. Although no single principle explains each of the cellular alterations, many of these changes appear to be compensatory. That is, they serve to increase a neuron’s excitability, presumably in response to diminished sound-evoked input. This chapter explores how the age of hearing loss and the extent of cochlear dysfunction influence these cellular properties. Thus, hearing loss during development usually elicits more dramatic changes to cellular properties, and these are found throughout the entire auditory neuraxis. Surprisingly, even moderate hearing loss can lead to cellular alterations that are as significant as those produced by cochlear damage. The diminished perceptual abilities that accompany hearing loss have clear peripheral bases, but the studies discussed in this chapter suggest that CNS cellular properties may be equal contributors.
Internal Dynamics of Magellanic Cloud Clusters

It is believed that stellar systems become mass-segregated on a time scale comparable to the two-body relaxation time (Tr). Globular clusters in the Magellanic Clouds have an extensive range in age and richness. Thus, in the clouds, there are candidate clusters with ratios of Tr to age both > 1 and < 1. Our objective is to study the radial density structure of clusters as a function of mass (magnitude) and compare with expectations based upon Tr. We report here preliminary results on two such clusters at the age extremes in our sample: NGC 458 (SMC) and 121SC03 (LMC).
RFLAT-1 : A NEW ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT ACTIVATES RANTES GENE EXPRESSION IN T LYMPHOCYTES

RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) important in the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and human immunodeficiency virus entry into immune cells. RANTES is expressed late (3-5 days) after activation in T lymphocytes. Using expression cloning, we identified the first "late" T lymphocyte associated transcription factor and named it "RANTES Factor of Late Activated T Lymphocytes-1" (RFLAT-1). RFLAT-1 is a novel, phosphorylated, zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in T cells 3 days after activation, coincident with RANTES expression. While Rel proteins play the dominant role in RANTES gene expression in fibroblasts, RFLAT-1 is a strong transactivator for RANTES in T cells.
Abstract 2364: The phosphatase PRL-3 is a pro-survival oncogene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

PRL-3, phosphatase of regenerating liver 3, is one member of a subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases that belongs to the dual-specificity phosphatases (DSPs). Accumulating evidence shows that PRL-3 is a biomarker of tumor progression and metastasis and high PRL-3 expression is associated with reduced overall and disease-free survival in a variety of solid tumors, suggesting it9s importance in tumor recurrence. However, the role for PRL-3 in leukemia relapse has not yet been described. We have found that PRL-3 contributes to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) malignancy by acting as a pro-survival gene, both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of PRL-3 in a MYC-induced zebrafish T-cell ALL model showed that PRL-3 expressing ALL had shorter latency and higher penetrance, compared with the fish injected with rag2:Myc; rag2:GFP alone. Growth after transplantation at low cell number was also significantly faster in the PRL3 expressing T-ALL, suggesting that PRL-3 plays an important role in ALL development and progression. We found PRL-3 to be highly expressed in a majority of human ALL compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), which suggests clinical relevance. Analysis of gene expression microarray data of 119 patient samples reveals that PRL-3 was highly expressed in 58% of the patients. In addition, PRL-3 had the highest expression in the most aggressive and treatment resistant subgroups of T-ALL, the TAL/LMO and Immature subtypes. PRL-3 is also expressed by human T-ALL cell lines using quantitative RT- PCR and immunoblotting. PRL-3 knockdown leads to significant apoptosis in T-ALL cells. The treatment of T-ALL cells using small molecule drugs including 2-cyano-2-ene-ester compound (Analog 3) and thieno [3,2-b] pyridine 1-oxide (thienopyridone) , also resulted in significant growth inhibition of T-ALL cells in part through >4-fold increase in apoptosis, measured by annexin V staining. In summary, our study provides evidence for a role of PRL-3 in T- ALL malignancy, and suggests that PRL3 may be a useful drug target in the treatment of this disease. Our future studies are focused on identifying the mechanisms by which PRL3 promotes T-ALL progression and survival. Citation Format: Min Wei, Kristin O9Leary, Jinpeng Liu, Chi Wang, Jessica Blackburn. The phosphatase PRL-3 is a pro-survival oncogene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2364.
Belief Beyond the Bugbear: Propositional Theology and Intellectual Authority in a Transylvanian Catholic Ethnographic Memoir

By overlooking the history of Catholic thought, anthropologists have made contemporary processes for negotiating intellectual authority in the Catholic Church into a lacuna in the anthropology of C...
Differential focus on probability and losses between young and older adults in risky decision-making

We examined young and older adults' use of descriptive information about risk (i.e., probability and expected value) in financial decision-making. In Experiment 1, participants chose between lotteries in pairs of bets that offered either two risky gains or one risky gain and one sure gain. Whereas they showed a strong and indiscriminate preference for high-probability gambles in risky-risky pairs, they selected sure options at high rates and risky options at low rates in risky-sure pairs, with slightly stronger effects in older relative to young adults due to age differences in ability. Experiment 2 involved the same task but in terms of losses. Participants, especially older adults, preferred low-probability gambles not accounted for by age differences in ability. Results suggest minimal consideration of expected value and a strong focus on probabilities in decision-making. They also suggest that cognitive ability and chronic goals differentially influence age effects depending on risk context.
Calculators in the Classroom: A Proposal for Curricular Change.

in this country computation has always been the focus of the elementary school mathematics curriculum. In the eighteenth century children were taught ciphering, rote computation with no attempt to develop an understanding of the process. During the nineteenth century there were a few persons like Warren Coburn calling for attention to meaning, but the curriculum remained computational. During the 1930s there was a movement toward social utility and developing meaning in mathematics. Then in the period from 1958 to 1971 there was an emphasis on teaching the structure of mathematics. Viewed from the perspective of today, there was one unfortunate aspect of the so called "modern mathematics" movement much attention was given to rationalizing algorithms. The division algorithm, for example, was taught in great detail using a subtracting approach so that students would understand why the algorithm worked. Computational algorithms, however, are nothing more than a set of rules for efficient, paper-and-pencil answer finding. Although it is important for students to understand the mathematics they are learning, time spent teaching children why algorithms work does little to help the children understand mathematics and its applications.
Patterns of wildfire risk in the United States from systematic operational risk assessments: how risk is characterised by land managers

Risk management is a significant part of federal wildland fire management in the USA because policy encourages the use of fire to maintain and restore ecosystems while protecting life and property. In this study, patterns of wildfire risk were explored from operational relative risk assessments (RRA) completed by land managers on 5087 wildfires from 2010 to 2017 in every geographic area of the USA. The RRA is the formal risk assessment used by land managers to develop strategies on emerging wildfires when concerns and issues related to wildfire management are in real-time. Only 38% of these wildfires were rated as high risk and 28% had high ratings for values at risk. Large regional variations were evident, with the West Coast regions selecting high risk and the South-west and Eastern regions selecting low risk. There were finer-scale influences on perceived risk when summarised on a jurisdictional level. Finally, risk summarised by USA agencies showed that the National Park Service and USDA Forest Service selected high risk less frequently compared with other agencies. By illuminating patterns of risk, this research intends to stimulate examination of the social, cultural, and physiographic factors influencing conceptions of risk.
Salivary Bioscience and Human Development

Human Development is an interdisciplinary field with the goal of understanding the complex biological, psychological, social, and contextual interactions that underlie individual development across the life span. Each phase of development (e.g., infancy, middle childhood, and adolescence) is uniquely characterized by differential experiences, developmental capabilities, and physiological functioning. Yet even within a particular phase of life, individual differences in behavioral expression exist, reflecting dynamic responses to experiences occurring in the past years, months, weeks, or even minutes. Further, human physiology is multifaceted, with multiple biological agents acting and interacting to influence behavior. Minimally invasive salivary assessments enable human development researchers to carefully disentangle these complex features of behavior by collecting an array of biological markers, across ecologically meaningful events, at appropriately timed intervals, starting on the first day of life. This chapter will review salivary bioscience’s contributions in furthering the field of human development. The chapter will focus on birth through adolescence, with special attention to the unique developmental experiences that characterize each broad phase of life.
Shifting Practices in Twentieth-Century Specification Writing: The Case of the R. Guastavino Company

As master builders of structural-tile arches and vaults, the R. Guastavino Company was considered the only entity in the US capable of providing the skilled labor and manufactured tiles for the vau...
OVR Stylus: Designing Pen-Based 3D Input Devices for Virtual Reality

We present the OVR Stylus, an open-source, tangible, haptic prop for 3D input in virtual environments. The design offers an alternative to commercial 3D pen input devices, and represents a secondgeneration hardware design based on six years of use with a previous prototype. With a touch pad, two input buttons, LRA-based vibrotactile haptic feedback, and Bluetooth communication, the 3D-printed prop’s light-weight design (35g) enables creative and precise interaction. Through a discussion of design considerations and motivations, components, manufacturing processes, software, and lessons learned we enable others to create their own OVR Stylus or develop similar designs.
Ethnography of the Devil: The Aftermath of Possession, Exorcism, and the Demonic

Exorcists, and the demoniacs they work with, face the mental challenges inherent in demonic possession itself, but also for a lifetime afterwards. The mental effects on those demoniacs liberated through exorcism are often described as cathartic, due to the demon within them having been expelled and therefore no longer tormenting the patient. However, no research on the long term consequences of having gone through such an experience has been undertaken. Also, the exorcist who enables deliverance from evil is likely to experience some form of mental suffering as a result of repeated exposure to the rite. This chapter presents an original ethnographic work dealing with two key informants. The first one is a case study analysis of a demoniac who has written about her own experience as a child and who explains the issue she had to deal with as an adult. The second one if from an exorcist in the Tampa Bay area and covers his experiences surrounding the craft, focusing specifically on the mental health of both practitioner (self-reported) and demoniacs (as reported by the exorcist). Both key informants in this field of research were strongly advocating for community support for the demoniacs. This chapter is a pilot study which offers two interviews focusing on for the first time on the long term mental health effect of, and the community involvement surrounding, the practice of exorcism in a western society.
A Shear Wave Transducer Array for Real-Time Imaging

In this paper we describe a contacting shear wave array which we have used to characterize flaws in aluminum samples. By using shear waves instead of longitudinal waves, this array has doubled the resolution of our real-time synthetic aperture imaging system. The images we have obtained are significantly better than those obtained with longitudinal or surface wave arrays.
Prevalence and Determinants of Falls Among Older Mexicans: Findings from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

Drawing from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, the chapter addresses frequency and correlates of falls in a representative sample of 8861 adults 60 years and older. Twelve-month prevalence estimates indicate that one out of three, or 34.1% of the sample reported falling. Our data indicate that a combination of biological and clinical factors emerged as significant determinants of falls. Self-reported memory impairment either of low (p = 0.000) to severe intensity or frequency (p = 0.000) was associated with falling. Difficulties in performing ADLs (p = 0.000) and depressive symptoms were also significant (p = 0.000). Reporting a history of stroke (p = 0.019), one or more chronic diseases (p = 0.015), vision (p = 0.000) or hearing impairment (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with falling. Although the relationship between falls and each of the anthropometric measures was in the expected direction, there were no significant associations in the models with walk speed and calf circumference. Our results highlight the need for early detection of potential at-risk groups and appropriate funding for service infrastructure to decrease falls, disability, and even death. Research is needed to promote a global agenda on falls and falls-related injury prevention in Mexico and other countries.
The relationship between the level of satisfaction on the growth of Instagramable Place and Motivation of the Users in increasing Income

Instagram in Indonesia is used as a Marketing Strategy. Along with the development of the use of Instagram, gave rise to the trend of new lifestyles and habits that have an impact on the improvement of the appearance of Instagramable places. One of the most Instagramable which became the goal of the millennial generation is the island of Bali. The island is a tourist destination that is a complete, integrated and has many tourist attractions Instagramable. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the level of satisfaction on the growth of Instagramable places and motivation of the users in increasing income. The type of research used in this study is a research associate with the use of quantitative methods and data collection techniques with the dissemination of the questionnaire to the 130 respondents. The research concludes there is a positive relationship with the level of medium strength between the satisfaction on the growth of instagramable place and the motivation of users in increasing their income with a score of 0.486 using the calculation of the correlation test manually.
The Role of Hedgehog Pathway in Female Cancers.

Background: The hedgehog pathway (HH) is one of the key regulators involved in many biological events. Malfunction of this pathway is associated with a variety of diseases including several types of cancers. Methods: We collected data from public databases and conducted a comprehensive search linking the HH pathway with female cancers. In addition, we overviewed clinical trials of targeting HH pathway in female cancers. Results: The activation of HH pathway and its role in female cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and uterine leiomyosarcoma were summarized. Treatment options targeting SMO and GLI in HH pathway were reviewed and discussed. Conclusions: The hedgehog pathway was shown to be activated in several types of female cancers. Therefore, targeting HH pathway may be considered as a therapeutic option to be acknowledged in the treatment of female cancers.
SARS-CoV-2 serologic immune response in exogenously immunosuppressed patients.

BACKGROUND: While it is presumed that immunosuppressed patients, such as solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppression, are at greater risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population, the antibody response to infection in this patient population has not been studied. METHODS: In this report, we follow theâ¯anti-SARS-CoV-2â¯antibody levels in patientsâ¯with COVID-19 who areâ¯undergoing exogenous immunosuppression. Specifically, we studied the antibody response ofâ¯three solid organ transplant recipient patients, three patients who take daily inhaled fluticasone, and a patient on etanercept and daily inhaled fluticasone, and compared them to five patients not on exogenous immunosuppression. RESULTS: We found that the solid organ transplant patients on full immunosuppression are at risk of having a delayed antibody response and poor outcome. We did not find evidence that inhaled steroids nor etanercept predisposeâ¯patientsâ¯to delayed immune response to SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: The data presented here suggest that solid organ transplant recipients may be good candidates for early targeted intervention against SARS-CoV-2.
Emerging mobile apps: challenges and open problems

Smartphone applications are increasingly popular for use in all aspects of life, from work to entertainment to health and education. The latest generation of smartphone apps exhibit three characteristics that introduce serious implications for developers and end-users, namely, incorporation of non-traditional interactions, interfaces, and environments; utilization of machine learning for core functionality; and use of commercial libraries and APIs to supply this functionality. In this paper, we explore these characteristics in the context of two case study applications: an audio-enabled application for Amazon Alexa, and a mobile augmented reality (AR) application using PTC’s Vuforia. Based on these case studies, we explore how each characteristic impacts both the developers and end-users of such applications, such as the difficulty in managing the open-endedness of real-world environments, clarifying system functionality to users, acquiring sufficient data sets for training the machine learning functions, and the privacy implications of utilizing third-party APIs and libraries. We go on to discuss open research problems that arise from these challenges, and how solutions in these areas would benefit developers and end-users.
Implications of Age on Social Media Utilization in Health Care Practice Development: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

Background: Medical practices, which are businesses through which one or more physicians treat patients, have likely not yet taken full advantage of the reach of social media. This study analyzed data collected using an anonymous survey to assess the potential utilization of large, established social media platforms in health care. The survey collected data from a diverse population of health care professional students, faculty, and physicians affiliated with the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC). This study provides significant, actionable data to more efficiently implement a social media strategy focused on age to help developing private practices and outpatient clinics from the perspective of those with experience in the field of medicine. Objective: This cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study aims to explore the most effective strategies to use social media based on patient age to bring further success to a medical practice. Methods: Data were gathered from an anonymous, peer-validated Qualtrics survey created by the corresponding authors based on the recommendations from a panel of experts including executive leadership at TTUHSC. The survey used a variety of question styles to measure differences between social media platforms, including frequency of use, current and future implications in medicine, and comfort in a health care setting. The sample population included students, interns, faculty, and physicians affiliated with the TTUHSC located throughout West Texas. Results: The anonymous survey included 673 individuals from several different age groups predetermined at the beginning of the study. There were 154 respondents aged between 18 and 25 years, 171 aged between 26 and 35 years, 133 aged between 36 and 45 years, 104 aged between 46 and 55 years, and 111 aged between 56 and 89 years. The sample population also has a variety of educational achievements. The respondents were grouped based on the highest level of education attained, and this included 23.5% (n=158) of respondents who earned a high school diploma, 42% (n=283) who earned a bachelor’s degree, 17.1% (n=115) who earned a master’s degree, and 17.4% (n=117) who earned a doctorate degree. Conclusions: As social media continues to gain momentum, efficient utilization of the available platforms can help medical practices achieve larger patient populations and deliver more personalized care. However, privacy and security concerns should be considered while using social media in health care settings. Although this study demonstrated overwhelming interest in using social media in the medical field across all age groups, adoption willingness appears to be higher in younger respondents than in older respondents. Facebook was the most widely accepted social media platform in health care settings among all age groups. Nonetheless, other social media platforms could potentially be used more effectively depending on the age range of the targeted patient population.
Rare Forms of Thyroid Cancer

The majority of thyroid carcinomas present rather well-defined clinical challenges and therapeutic options. Rare forms of thyroid cancer are generally unfamiliar to clinicians and require creative approaches. This chapter attempts to introduce unusual variants of differentiated epithelial thyroid carcinoma, undifferentiated thyroid cancers, and extraordinary primary thyroid cancers with limited clinical epidemiology. The initial sections will discuss the presentation and clinicopathologic features of these neoplasms, many of which are controversial. The final section will suggest strategies for therapeutic management.
Complementation of mutants of the stability locus of IncFII plasmid NR1. Essential functions of the trans-acting stbA and stbB gene products.

Abstract A series of unstable mutants of the stability (stb) locus of IncFII plasmid NR1 was subjected to a complementation analysis. The mutant collection included plasmids with point, insertion and deletion mutations in stb. These mutations affected the tandem genes stbA and stbB, which encode stability proteins StbA and StbB, or the P ab transcription promoter, which is located upstream from stbA in a region that contains an essential cis-acting site. Deletion mutants that lacked the region containing promoter P ab could not be complemented (stabilized) by providing StbA and StbB in trans. Deletion mutants that lacked stbA and stbB but retained the P ab region were complemented in trans but required both StbA and StbB, indicating that both proteins were essential for stable inheritance. stbA− point mutants were complemented in trans by either wild-type or stbA+ stbB− clones of the stability region. However, mutants with insertions in stbA were complemented only by wild-type clones, which suggested the insertions were polar on expression of the downstream stbB gene. A plasmid with a stbB− point mutation was complemented in trans by wild-type but not by stbA− stbB+ clones. In addition, plasmid clones that expressed StbB in the absence of StbA caused destabilization of (were incompatible with) stb+ derivatives of NR1 in trans, whereas clones that expressed only wild-type StbA or both StbA plus StbB did not. Plasmid clones that contained only the essential cis-acting P ab region did not cause destabilization of stb+ plasmids in trans. These results suggest that an excess of StbB protein provided in trans may cause a depletion of the essential StbA protein. Therefore, these results may be consistent with the hypothesis that StbB is an autorepressor of the stbAB operon.
Comparison of Four Commercially Available Zinc Supplements for Performance in a Zinc Tolerance Test

Various zinc complexes have been used for supplements and food fortifications, but direct comparisons of bioavailability in humans are few. In the present study, in 12 young adult women, four zinc ...
Tumor promoters alter the temporal program of adenovirus replication in human cells.

Abstract In this study we evaluated the effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the kinetics of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) replication in human cells. When added at the time of infection, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) accelerated the appearance of an early virus antigen (72,000-molecular-weight [72K] deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein), the onset of viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and the production of infectious virus. The appearance of an Ad5-specific cytopathic effect (CPE) was also accelerated in infected cultures exposed to TPA, whereas phorbol, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and 4-OmeTPA, which are inactive as tumor promoters, were ineffective in inducing this morphological change. The acceleration of the CPE seen in TPA-treated Ad5-infected cells was not caused by TPA induction of the protease plasminogen activator, since the protease inhibitors leupeptin and antipain do not inhibit the earlier onset of this CPE and, in contrast, epidermal growth factor, which induces plasminogen activator in HeLa cells, does not induce an earlier CPE. Evidence for a direct effect of TPA on viral gene expression was obtained by analyzing viral messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) synthesis. TPA accelerated the appearance of mRNA from all major early regions of Ad5, transiently stimulated the accumulation of region III mRNA, and accelerated the appearance of late Ad5 mRNA. Thus, TPA altered the temporal program of Ad5 mRNA production and accelerated the appearance of at least some Ad5-specific polypeptides during lytic infection of human cells. These effects presumably explain the earlier onset of the Ad5-specific CPE in TPA-treated cells and may have relevance to the effects of TPA on viral gene expression in nonpermissive cells carrying integrated viral deoxyribonucleic acid sequences.
B‐Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cystinuria in a patient with duplication 22q11.21 detected by chromosomal microarray analysis

Duplication 22q11.2 syndrome is the result of a microduplication of the same chromosomal region that is deleted in DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes. We describe a patient with dysmorphic features who was diagnosed with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and developed cystinuria and pancreatitis during treatment. Duplication 22q11.2 has not been previously described in association with hematologic abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray technology was used to diagnose duplication 22q11.2 syndrome. In this era of advanced genomics, this technology has become an important method for helping to determine the molecular basis of diseases, best treatments and ultimately patient outcomes.
EFFECTS OF HYPOXEMIA (H) ON CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO ISOPROTERENOL (ISO) IN NEONATAL SWINE

Piglets, 3.3±0.3 (Gr I) and 15.6±0.4 (Gr II) days of age, were anesthetized, ventilated and paralyzed; the ductus arteriosus was ligated. ECG, aortic (AO) and LV pressures, LV dP/dt max, and phasic pulmonary (cardiac output, CO) and superior mesenteric (Mes) arterial flows were continuously recorded; resistance (R) was calculated. Sequential 10 min infusions of ISO (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mcg/kg/min) were given during normoxemia (NO, PO2 99±3 mm Hg) and repeated during moderate (M) H (PO2 58±1 mm Hg) in 17 piglets or severe (S) H (PO2 38±1 mm Hg) in 13 piglets. In 18 age-matched controls saline was infused instead of ISO and no significant changes were observed. Mean % changes ± SE to 0.2 mcg/kg/min ISO are presented. In Gr I MH diminished increases in LV dP/dt max (54±10 vs 19±7, p<0.01), CO (22±6 vs 9±6, p<0.02) and HR (28±5 vs 14±3, p<0.02). In contrast MH augmented increases in LV dP/dt max (51±8 vs 68±9, p<0.02) and did not alter dose-dependent increases in HR (29±7) and CO (32±12) in Gr II. In Gr I, SH attenuated increases in HR (34±5 vs 13±3, p<0.01) and LV dP/dt max (43±11 vs 3±6, p<0.01) but not in CO. In Gr II, SH reduced increases in LV dP/dt max (38±9 vs 10±8) in all animals and in HR ( 36±11 vs 10±3) in 6 of 7 animals. ISO had no significant effect on AO pressure during NO, MH or SH in Gr I and II. MesR was not significantly affected by ISO during NO but decreased (15±4, p<0.02) during MH in Gr I. However, in Gr II MesR decreased (15±3, p<0.01) during NO, but increased (23±7, p<0.02) during MH. During SH, ISO had variable effects on MesR in Gr I and II. The results indicate that cardiovascular responses to ISO in newborn swine are signifiantly affected in magnitude and direction by arterial PO2 level and postnatal age.
The historical and conceptual evolution of radionuclide assessment of myocardial viability.

The assessment of whether dysfunctional myocarl tissue or regions contain predominantly viable myoes has become an important research and clinical e for radionuclide imaging. From a research/investiive perspective, imaging of myocardial perfusion and ional myocardial metabolism has provided important ghts into the pathophysiology of hibernating and ned myocardium. From a clinical perspective, the lth of data built by many clinical investigators over years has allowed noninvasive imaging of myocarl viability to occupy an important point on the ision-making spectrum for patients with heart failure, onic coronary artery disease (CAD), and left ventricr (LV) dysfunction. Several sources are available that document and l the literature on the use of radionuclide imaging in ients with chronic CAD and LV dysfunction with ard to predictive values for regional functional recovor other outcomes. In this review we will attempt race the historical and conceptual pathways that led field to its current state, to highlight what we would sider as the major achievements along that path, and lly, to identify areas for future exploration. Some of historical milestones in this field are listed in Table 1.
Evaluation of a location-linked notes system

We present a location-aware messaging system that lets users read and post notes linked to a particular location. We developed multiple clients (designed to run on desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and cell phones) so that users could choose the most contextually-appropriate device to interact with the system. We allowed remote access and authoring to avoid imposing artificial restrictions on users' needs. We report on the findings from our evaluation of the system. The goal of the evaluation was to explore novel potential uses of the system that result from promoting open use of it and to identify users' preferences regarding the different features of the system. In our evaluation, we found that users were receptive of this system for leaving and receiving location-targeted reminders. They also overwhelmingly approved of the remote access and authoring capability, and suggested scenarios where these features would be crucial. We discuss our experiences building the system and our findings from the initial evaluation.
Model for the Light-Harvesting Complex I (B875) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The light-harvesting complex I (LH-I) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been modeled computationally as a hexadecamer of alphabeta-heterodimers, based on a close homology of the heterodimer to that of light-harvesting complex II (LH-II) of Rhodospirillum molischianum. The resulting LH-I structure yields an electron density projection map that is in agreement with an 8.5-A resolution electron microscopic projection map for the highly homologous LH-I of Rs. rubrum. A complex of the modeled LH-I with the photosynthetic reaction center of the same species has been obtained by a constrained conformational search. This complex and the available structures of LH-II from Rs. molischianum and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila furnish a complete model of the pigment organization in the photosynthetic membrane of purple bacteria.
Retinoic Acid Synthesis in Mouse Embryos during Gastrulation and Craniofacial Development Linked to Class IV Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Expression

Endogenous retinoic acid (RA) has been observed in vertebrate embryos as early as gastrulation, but the mechanism controlling spatiotemporal synthesis of this important regulatory molecule remains unknown. Some members of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family catalyze retinol oxidation, the rate-limiting step in RA synthesis. Here we have examined mouse embryos for the presence of endogenous RA and expression of ADH genes. RA was not detected in egg cylinder stage embryos but was detected in late primitive streak stage embryos. Detection of class IV ADH mRNA, but not class I or class III, coincided with the onset of RA synthesis, being absent in egg cylinder embryos but present in the posterior mesoderm of late primitive streak embryos. During neurulation, RA and class IV ADH mRNA were colocalized in the craniofacial region, trunk, and forelimb bud. Class IV ADH mRNA was detected in cranial neural crest cells and craniofacial mesenchyme as well as trunk and forelimb bud mesenchyme. The spatiotemporal expression pattern and enzymatic properties of class IV ADH are thus consistent with a crucial function in RA synthesis during embryogenesis. In addition, the finding of endogenous RA and class IV ADH mRNA in the craniofacial region has implications for the mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome.
Hardware/software covalidation

Hardware/software systems are embedded in devices used to enable all manner of tasks in society today. The increasing use of hardware/software systems in cost-critical and life-critical applications has led to the heightened significance of design correctness of these systems. A summary is presented of research in hardware/software covalidation. The general covalidation problem involves the verification of design correctness using simulation-based techniques. The focus is on the test generation process, the fault models and fault coverage analysis techniques, and the test response analysis techniques employed in covalidation. The current state of research in the field is summarised and future areas for research are identified.
Electrophysiological evidence for adult age-related sparing and decrements in emotion perception and attention.

The present study examined adult age differences in processing emotional faces using a psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm. We used both behavioral and event-related potential (P1 component) measures. Task 1 was tone discrimination (fuzzy vs. pure tones) and Task 2 was emotional facial discrimination (“happy” vs. “angry” faces). The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the two tasks was 100 ms, 300 ms, and 900 ms. Earlier research observed age deficits in emotional facial discrimination for negative (angry) than for positive (happy) faces (Baena et al., 2010). Thus, we predicted that older adults would show decreased attentional efficiency in carrying out dual-task processing on the P1 (a component linked to amygdalar modulation of visual perception; Rotshtein et al., 2010). Both younger and older groups showed significantly higher P1 amplitudes at 100- and 300-ms SOAs than at the 900-ms SOA, and this suggests that both age groups could process Task 2 emotions without central attention. Also, younger adults showed significantly higher P1 activations for angry than for happy faces, but older adults showed no difference. These results are consistent with the idea that younger adults exhibited amygdalar modulation of visual perception, but that older adults did not.
Virology studies and cell lines for prostate cancer

Immunological and biochemical probes for viral genomes and products, growth in cell culture, co-culture methods to activate latent genomes, use of activating agents, and electron microscopy have been used in efforts to demonstrate RNA viruses in prostate cancer. Despite findings of C-type particles and p30 antigens, the role of RNA viruses appears to be secondary, with activation of the virogene being a relatively uncommon occurrence. No compelling evidence for Herpes II or cytomegalovirus as etiologic agents has emerged, despite their common presence in the urogenital tract. Though the search for integration of fragments of viral genome into host DNA is still in progress, it appears unlikely that these viruses would account for a significant number of prostate carcinomas. Progress has been achieved in developing simple, reliable, primary culture methods for human prostatic tissue, using explants or dispersed cells. Three cell lines, all from metastatic foci, have been established, are characterized, and are available for distribution. One neonatal cell strain retains many properties of normal prostate.
A quality-preserving hidden information removal approach for digital images

In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm to destroy the steganographic information embedded in an image without changing the quality of the image and with no prior knowledge of the used steganography scheme. We propose the new Neighbor Class Displacement (NCD) algorithm, which arranges the pixels of an image into a given number of classes. The elements of two specific classes are substituted with each other based on different conditions related to the content of the class elements. For evaluating the effectiveness of our attack, we apply NCD to different steganographically modified images to remove the embedded hidden information. Our results show that over 40% of the steganography bits are toggled in natural images by our proposed attack algorithm, which means the hidden information is removed effectively. Additionally, the visual quality of the images does not change and the PSNR of the original and attacked images is above 32 dB. We compare our attack to other signal processing and geometrical attacks and show that our NCD scheme outperforms other steganography attack algorithms while maintaining the quality of the host image.
A new look at recognition in the Brown-Peterson distractor paradigm: toward the application of new methodology to unsolved problems of recognition memory.

Data from a recognition version of the classic Brown-Peterson short-term memory paradigm was analyzed using a modified version of the conjoint recognition model (Brainerd, Reyna, & Mojardin, 1999), which assumes that recognition is based on either a verbatim comparison of the recognition probe and the target item or a gist comparison of the items. Separate groups of participants were instructed to judge whether the recognition probe was an item from the current trial (exclusion condition), a previous trial (prior-only condition), or either the current or the previous trial (inclusion condition). The concept of gist is commonly thought of as meaning based. Our interpretation of the results suggests that the concept of gist need also emphasize similarity of environmental context. In addition, the results show that priming the recognition probe affects a participant’s decision bias but does not enhance or impair the memory traces on which the recognition judgments are based. An additional analysis using Batchelder and Riefer’s (1990) source-monitoring model supports the observation that priming affects only decision bias.
The requirements of critical justifications

Seen from the reflective attitude, rhetorical critical methods differ in the type of representational systems they employ, and in the stance critics take toward their methods. Types of representational systems and stances combine to frame the four forms of critical explanations available to rhetorical critics.
Neurovegetative symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: Fatigue, not depression

Elucidating the relationship between fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is complicated by ambiguity regarding how these two constructs should be delineated. Neurovegetative symptoms of depression may reflect depression in MS patients, as they do in non-neurological populations; instead these items may measure disease-related fatigue; or disease-related fatigue and depression may reflect the same syndrome in MS patients. The present study sought to evaluate these possibilities by characterizing the underlying factor structure of self-report items designed to measure fatigue and depression symptoms. Questionnaires designed to measure fatigue and depression were administered to 174 MS patients and 84 healthy controls, and these items were subject to factor analysis. Results suggest that neurovegetative symptoms are poor indicators of depression in MS patients. Neurovegetative depression items were removed from the final model due to poor psychometric properties, or they loaded on Fatigue or Sleep Disturbance factors. The correlation between latent factors Depression and Fatigue was large (.47), but does not indicate that these phenomena are manifestations of the same construct. Hence, the results of this study support the notion that vegetative symptoms of depression do not reflect depression in MS patients, but instead measure symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbance. (JINS, 2010, 17, 000–000)
Radiation induced F-center and colloid formation in synthetic NaCl and natural rock salt: Applications to radioactive waste repositories

Abstract Radiation damage, particularly Na metal colloid formation, has been studied in synthetic NaCl and natural rock salt using unique equipment for making optical absorption, luminescence and other measurements during irradiation with 1–3 MeV electrons. Previous studies have established the F-center and colloid growth phenomenology. At temperatures where colloids form most rapidly, ≈ 100 to ≈ 250°C, F-centers appear when the irradiation is initiated, and increase at a decreasing rate to a plateau, reached at doses of 106–107 rad. Concomitant colloid growth is described by classical nucleation and growth curves with the transition to rapid growth occurring at 106 to 107 rad. The colloid growth rate is low at 100°C, increases markedly to a maximum at 150–175°C and decreases to a negligible rate at 225°C. At 1.2 × 108 rad/h the induction periods is > 104 at 100°C, 104 s a The colloid growth in salt from 14 localities is well described by C(dose)n relations. Data on WIPP site salt (Los Medanos, NM, USA) has been used to roughly estimate the colloid expected in radioactive waste repositories. Doses of 1–2 × 1010 rad, which will accumulate in salt adjacent to lightly shielded high level canisters in 200 to 500 y, will convert between 1 and 100% of the salt to Na colloids (and Cl) if back reactions or other limiting reactions do not occur. Each high level lightly shielded canister may ultimately be surrounded by 200–300 kg of colloid sodium. Low level or heavily shielded canisters may produce as little as 1 kg of sodium.