cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender stereotyping in young children: Evidence to support a concept-learning approach

Two studies on early gender stereotyping based on a concept-learning approach were conducted. With the use of a forced choice format, study 1 found that both 2 1/2 and 3 1/2-year-old children showed significant and equal stereotyping of both gender-labeled infants and animals. These findings suggest both early learning and generalization of gender stereotypes. In study 2, although 5-year-olds stereotyped more strongly than 3-year-olds, both groups stereotyped others significantly more than themselves. When attributing traits to themselves, children chose the more socially desirable rather than the gender-traditional attributes. These findings are discussed in terms of the acquisition of gender stereotypes as a process distinct from the necessity for related self-schemas.
240 THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) AND OVINE FETAL LUNG (L) MATURATION

The role of TRH on ovine fetal L maturation was studied in 12 euthyroid fetuses (F). Beginning at 127 days, 6 F received 3 daily bolus IV injections (I) of 50 ug TRH and 6 control F received saline (S). All were sacrificed at 130 days. The mean body weight and weight of selected organs were similar. Initially, the mean serum thyroxine ([T4]), triiodothyronine ([T3]) and reverse T3 ([rT3]) levels were similar in both groups. In the S group, mean serum iodothyronine levels were similar throughout the study period. In the TRH group, mean (± SEM) [T4] significantly increased from 12.4 ± 2.0 ug/dl to 20.9 ±2.9 ug/.dl (p<0.01) 8 hours (h) later returning to 12.8 ± 2.0 ug/dl at 24 h. Although there was no significant change in the mean [T3], the mean [rT3] increased from 345 ± 36 ng/dl to 568 ± 109 ng/dl (p<0.05) at 8 h, returning to 379 ± 56 ng/dl at 24 h. Similar changes were seen after the 2nd TRH I but no significant changes were seen following the 3rd I. There was no significant change in the mean serum cortisol level throughout the study period in any S F and 5 of 6 TRH F. The mean L tissue protein, DNA and whole L homogenate PAPase levels, protein/DNA and tracheal fluid L/S were similar in both groups. Histologically, the S group L showed areas of mature L and areas compatible with the canalicular stage of development. The TRH L was homogeneous in its mature state of development. Conclusions: TRH given directly to the euthyroid ovine F during the 3rd trimester 1) appears to affect the mesenchymal portion of the L and accelerates alveolarization; 2) increases serum [T4] and [rT3] but not [T3].
Secondary Casualty Information: Casualty Uncertainty, Female Casualties, and Wartime Support

I develop a theory of wartime public opinion that identifies different types of casualty information and the varied roles they play. These roles include Primary Casualty Information (e.g., monthly casualties), which directly influences opinion; Contextual Casualty Information (e.g., enemy casualties), which mitigates the effect of primary casualties; and two new concepts, Casualty Uncertainty, the inability of individuals to infer casualty patterns, and Secondary Casualty Information, which represents alternative cost information. I theorize that when casualty uncertainty is low, and casualty patterns are clear, individuals rely on primary casualty information for evaluating a conflict. As uncertainty increases, however, and the picture painted by primary casualty data becomes increasingly opaque, individuals employ secondary casualty information to evaluate costs. I use the reporting of female casualties to represent an example of secondary casualty information. If casualty uncertainty is low, I anticipa...
Sugar production from barley straw biomass pretreated by combined alkali and enzymatic extrusion

Abstract A pretreatment that combines a thermo-mechanical process (extrusion) with chemical and biological catalysts to produce fermentable sugars from barley straw (BS) biomass was investigated. BS was firstly extruded with alkali and then, the pretreated material (extrudate) was submitted to extrusion with hydrolytic enzymes (bioextrusion). The bioextrudate was found to have 35% (w/w dwb) of total solids in soluble form, partly coming from carbohydrate hydrolysis during bioextrusion. About 48% of soluble solids dry weight is comprised by sugars, mostly glucose and xylose. Further enzymatic hydrolysis of bioextrudate could be successfully carried out at high solid loading level of 30% (w/v), with sugar production yield of 32 g glucose and 18 g xylose/100 g bioextrudate at 72 h incubation (equivalent to 96 and 52 g/l concentration, respectively). These results, together with the high level of integration of the process, indicate a great potential of this pretreatment technology for sugar production from lignocellulosic substrates.
SU (5) unification revisited

Abstract Model-independent criteria for unification in the SU (5) framework are studied. These are applied to the minimal supersymmetric standard model and to the standard model with a split 45 Higgs representation. Although the former is consistent with SU (5) unification, the superpartner masses can vary over a wide range, and may even all lie well beyond the reach of planned colliders. Adding a split 45 to the standard model can also satisfy the unification criteria, so supersymmetric SU (5) is far from unique. Furthermore, we learn that separate Higgs doublets must couple to the top and bottom quarks in order to give a correct m b / m τ prediction.
Locke's Externalism about ‘Sensitive Knowledge’

Locke characterizes sensitive knowledge as knowledge of the existence of external objects present to the senses, and in terms of an ‘assurance’ that falls short of the certainty of intuition and demonstration. But it is unclear how this fits with his general definition of knowledge, as the perception of the agreement or disagreement of ideas, and it is unclear how that assurance can amount to knowledge, rather than amounting to mere probability (which he contrasts with knowledge). Some contend that Locke does not regard sensitive knowledge as genuine knowledge, but only honourifically calls it knowledge. In contrast, I argue that Locke holds that sensitive knowledge is knowledge, though he takes the conditions for it to be very different from the conditions for intuitive and demonstrative knowledge. It is not the assurance alone which Locke thinks qualifies sensitive knowledge as such: it is also the fact that the assurance arises from the actual employment of the senses upon external objects, and the fac...
Experimental Experience With a Micromodule Pacemaker Receiver Sutured Directly to the Left Ventricle

It has been demonstrated that it is possible to transmit sufficient energy to pace a heart by means of inductive coupling between an external coil and a very small pacemaker receiver attached directly to the left ventricle. By the use of such a method in dogs, it has been found that the energy requirements for pacing are not dependent upon the total duration of pacing, but rather depend upon the tissue reaction occurring around the electrodes or pins. Electrode erosion, on the other hand, is related to the pacing process and dependent upon electrode material. The operative implantation of this module is simpler than the other systems presently employed. However, the selection of suitable persons for wearing this unit has not been determined.
Picosecond Relaxation of Optically Induced Absorption in Amorphous Semiconductors

Picosecond relaxation of optically induced absorption in $a$-Si, $a$-Si:H, and ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{x}$ ($0.25l~xl~0.75$) was studied with a passively mode-locked cw dye laser. In silicon, the results can be described in terms of trapping by defects. The fast recovery of absorption in chalcogenides indicates that recombination of highly localized excitons is the dominant mechanism in the decay of carriers excited at the Urbach edge.
The Increase of Thermionic Currents from Tungsten in Strong Electric Fields

Schottky has pointed out that there should be an increase in thermionic currents above the saturation value with the application of strong electric fields. His theoretical expression is based on the assumption that an electron is prevented from escaping by the attraction of its electric image in the emitting wire, and that the external field neutralises part of this image force field. In the same paper he reports an approximate experimental verification of his theoretical law, though the details are lacking. Since that paper, reference has been made to this increase in current, and it has been applied as a correction in determining the thermionic work function. Becker and Mueller have discussed the problem, but apparently assume the correctness of Schottky’s expression. Under the circumstances it seemed that an experimental investigation was needed, all the more because Schottky’s theoretical expression seems open to question on certain points. Let us suppose that a single electron is escaping from a plane electrode, and that the image force alone is acting upon it.
Human circadian rhythms in resting and exercise pulse rates.

Abstract Circadian rhythmicity in resting, exercise and recovery pulse rates was studied using five male subjects. Resting pulse rate data were collected at seven seperate times during a 24 hour period. Exercise and recovery pulse rate data were collected at the exact same limes, as follows: 0400, 0800, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100 and 2400 h. The lowest resting pulse rates for all subjects occurred between 0400 and 0800 h; highest resting pulse rates occurred between 1800 and 2400 h. Exercise pulse rates followed this same general pattern, and tended to amplify the circitdiun rhythmicity.
Endoscopic factors in the diagnosis of colorectal dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Surveillance colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is advocated for early diagnosis of neoplasia but is imperfect because some patients develop cancer despite surveillance. We sought to determine if any endoscopic factors during surveillance colonoscopy were associated with the diagnosis of colorectal dysplasia before the development of cancer. Methods: We reviewed the Mayo Clinic endoscopic database and medical records of patients with IBD who underwent surveillance colonoscopy between January 2002 and November 2003. Associations were sought between endoscopic factors and the diagnosis of dysplasia. Among 635 IBD patients, 24 (3.8%) had flat dysplasia and 12 (1.9%) had IBD-related polypoid dysplasia. In 28 patients (4.4%), sporadic tubular adenoma was identified. Colonoscopies in which flat dysplasia was identified varied in duration from 7 to 81 minutes (median, 24.5 min) compared with 3 to 70 minutes (median, 22 min) for those in which dysplasia was not found. Results: Using logistic regression analysis, we found that every additional minute in total colonoscopy time increased the flat dysplasia diagnosis rate by 3.5% (P = 0.0157). There was a significant correlation between median surveillance colonoscopy duration per endoscopist and flat dysplasia diagnosis rate (P = 0.0066). The number of biopsies taken during the procedures with flat dysplasia ranged from 6 to 36 (median, 28) compared with 2 to 54 (median, 25) in those without flat dysplasia. There was no significant effect of biopsy number of dysplasia diagnosis. Conclusions: Our results show that the practice of surveillance colonoscopy varies greatly among endoscopists, and longer procedure duration is significantly associated with the likelihood of dysplasia diagnosis.
Virus-Induced Hydrocephalus: Development of Aqueductal Stenosis in Hamsters after Mumps Infection

Hydrocephalus developed as a sequela of mumps virus infections of suckling hamsters. The initial infection after intracerebral inoculation was limited largely to ependymal cells lining the ventricles. This infection was clinically inapparent but later resulted in a noninflammatory stenosis or occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius.
Instructional Design Project Success Factors: An Empirical Basis.

Instructional design and development (ID) projects are undertaken every day, with project stakeholders attempting to concentrate their efforts and resources on the factors leading to a successful project. What are the factors that contribute to ID project success? Are they equally important to all stakeholders in an ID project? This article addresses these questions regarding ID project success. Using a variety of data-gathering techniques and incorporating the perspective of four stakeholder groups, this study identified twenty-three ID project success factors that were grouped into four categories. Data analysis revealed significant differences among: (a) the four stakeholder groups in terms of the importance they attached to the factors; and (b) the four success factor categories in terms of their importance to ID project success. Also, an interaction was found between stakeholder groups and success factor categories.
Isolation and characterization of a novel anthocyanin-promoting MYBA gene family in Citrus

MYB transcription factors play an important role in the activation and regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Many such transcription factor genes from various plant species were well characterized at the molecular level. However, none were reported in Citrus. Here, we demonstrated the isolation, molecular characterization, and functional evaluation of a large number of Citrus genes belonging to a previously unidentified MYBA gene family. All these genes were recovered from up to nine genotypes in the genus Citrus by PCR amplification using primers corresponding to VvMybA1 of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Among the 56 genes analyzed, 35 genes contained full-length coding sequences and showed a 98.3% to 100% amino acid sequence homology with VvMybA1 (referred to as MybA1 genes), whereas 21 genes contained a 209-bp deletion in the exon-3 region similar to a related mutant gene VvMybA3 of grapevine. Citrus MybA1genes are composed of three exons ranging in sizes from 115, 130, to 508 bp and two introns of 87 and 119 bp, respectively, and encode a polypeptide of 250 residues. Unique single-residue substitution mutations allowed the categorization of these genes into three groups. Transient transgene expression analysis using grapevine somatic embryos revealed that genes from group a failed to induce anthocyanin production. Many members from groups b and c were fully functional and capable of activating anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-anthocyanic explants. Reversion mutagenesis experiments indicate that an R93K substitution unique to group a genes is the single loss-of-function mutation. This study confirmed, for the first time, the existence of highly homologous regulatory genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway among taxonomically distant species.
Wavelength dependence of the zero-field splittings in the triplet state of tryptophan

Abstract It is shown that abrupt discontinuities occur in the zero-field splitting parameters of the isolated amino acid, tryptophan, and its derivatives as a function of the wavelength of the optically detected emission from the excited triplet state. These discontinuities are attributed to the convolution of the magnetic transitions associated with each of the elementary vibronic components assuming that the frequency of the magnetic transition is a linear function of the wavelength for each elementary vibronic component.
Sequential systemic platelet-activating factor and interleukin 8 primes neutrophils in patients with trauma at risk of multiple organ failure.

Plasma from 33 patients at risk of multiple organ failure (MOF) after major trauma was tested for a priming effect on neutrophils, and for the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity and interleukin (IL) 8. Plasma sampled at 3, 6, 12 and 24h after injury significantly primed normal neutrophils to release mean(s.e.m.) 1.26(0.19), 1.33(0.26), 1.04(0.14) and 0.86(0.13)nmol superoxide per min per 1.3 x 10 6 neutrophils respectively (P< 0.05). Priming at 3h after injury was inhibited by mean(s.e.m.) 63.8(7.0) per cent by the PAF antagonist, WEB 2170 (P< 0.01). Mean(s.e.m.) plasma IL-8 was raised at 6 and 12 h after injury to 785(183) and 836(175) pg/ml (P<0.01). At 12h after injury the plasma IL-8 level correlated directly with the number of units of red blood cells transfused (r= 0.64, P<0.01), and was significantly higher in the group of six patients who developed MOF (P<0.05). These data suggest that after trauma the mediators PAF and IL-8 appear sequentially in the circulation, are potential mechanisms of circulating neutrophil priming, and that IL-8 may also be an early biochemical marker predicting the onset of MOF.
Plutonium and the Rio Grande: Environmental Change and Contamination in the Nuclear Age

Plutonium and the Rio Grande begins with an evocative description of the tranquility that prevailed along the Rio Grande in the halcyon days before the Manhattan Project changed the environment of this corner of New Mexico forever. Graf presents a methodology for studying the environmental impacts of the plutonium releases from facilities at Los Alamos. Specifically, he quantifies releases of various isotopes of plutonium and tracks their fate in the sediments and water bodies of the Rio Grande. Despite access to ample reliable data, his task is challenging: it requires regional-scale analysis and applications of techniques from disciplines including geomorphology, hydrology, environmental chemistry, plant physiology, and historical research.
Small-scale horizontal distributions of zooplankton taxa

Small-scale (100 to 2 400 m) horizontal distributions of major taxonomic categories (class and order) of zooplankton were measured at a depth of 90 m with an opening-closing plankton net over a 3 d period in October 1978 in the California Current. Some zooplankton categories showed evidence of diurnal vertical migration, while others had long-period temporal changes in mean abundance. Variance-to-mean ratio for large copepods and euphausiids was higher at night than during the day, while the opposite was true for chaetognaths and pteropods. Within a given category, the variance-to-mean ratio generally increased with a category's abundance. Spatial abundance variations were characterized by trends (i.e., fluctuations larger than length of the net hauls) in some taxonomic categories. No consistent differences in scales of variability were found as a function of animal size or from day to night. Correlation analysis of taxonomic counts implied that significant biological interactions occurred. The proportions of counts of taxonomic groups showed no large changes over the time-space scales sampled. However, the proportions of biomass in taxonomic groups differed from day to night due to the large variability of euphausiids. Comparisons of wet weight biomass to taxonomic counts indicated that biomass was usually less variable than taxonomic counts.
Influence of alcohol use on neural response to Go/No-Go task in college drinkers.

Impaired inhibition of prepotent motor response may represent an important risk factor for alcoholism. Alcohol use may also increase impulsive behavior, including impaired response inhibition. Little is known about the brain function underlying response inhibition among college-age drinkers based on their drinking patterns, despite college-age drinkers demonstrating high rates of alcohol-use disorders. Our major objective was to compare behavior and associated brain activity measured with fMRI during a response-inhibition task in matched heavy- and light-alcohol-drinking college students. Participants were light (N=36) and heavy (N=56) drinkers, aged 18–20 years. We characterized blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses, while participants performed an fMRI Go/No-Go task to quantify inhibitory behavior and brain activity. Behaviorally, group performance differences were observed for Go correct-hit and No-Go false-alarm reaction times with increased reaction times in heavy compared with light drinkers. During fMRI No-Go correct rejections, light drinkers exhibited greater BOLD response than did heavy drinkers in left supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral parietal lobule, right hippocampus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 24). Group differences in Go/No-Go-related regional activations correlated with alcohol- and impulsivity-related measures. These findings suggest that heavy alcohol drinkers may have dysfunction in brain regions underlying attention and response inhibition, leading to diminished abilities to suppress prepotent responding. The extent to which these tendencies relate to impulsive decision-making and behaviors in real-life settings and may guide intervention development warrants additional investigation.
Workshop: An efficient data structure for exact-match overlap graphs and next generation sequence assembly

Two kinds of data structures are commonly used in the context of sequence assembly, namely, de Bruijn graphs and overlap graphs. In this talk we focus on overlap graphs. DNA assemblers based on overlap graphs call for large amounts of memory. In our recent work we have presented a novel data structure for compactly storing overlap graphs. This data structure employs only linear time to construct and linear memory to store. In this talk we provide a summary of this data structure.
Transcriptional regulation of the human reduced folate carrier promoter C: synergistic transactivation by Sp1 and C/EBP β and identification of a downstream repressor

Abstract The human reduced folate carrier (hRFC) is ubiquitously but differentially expressed in human tissues and its levels are regulated by up to six alternatively spliced non-coding regions (designated A1/A2, A, B, C, D, and E) and by at least four promoters. By transient transfections of HepG2 human hepatoma cells with 5′ and 3′ deletion constructs spanning 2883 bp of upstream sequence, a transcriptionally important region was localized to within 177 bp flanking the transcriptional start sites for exon C. By gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, Sp1 and C/EBP β transcription factors were found to bind consensus elements (GC-box, CCAAT-box) within this region. The functional importance of these elements was confirmed by transient tranfections of HepG2 cells with hRFC-C reporter constructs in which these elements were mutated, and by co-transfections of Drosophila SL-2 cells with wild-type hRFC-C promoter and expression constructs for Sp1 and C/EBP β. Whereas both Sp1 and C/EBP β transactivated hRFC-C promoter activity, C/EBP α and γ were transcriptionally inert. Sp1 combined with C/EBP β resulted in a synergistic transactivation. In HepG2 cells, transfections with Sp1 and C/EBP β both increased endogenous levels of hRFC-C transcripts. By 3′ deletion analysis, a repressor sequence was localized to within 71 bp flanking the minimal promoter. On gel shifts, a novel transcriptional repressor was localized to within 30 bp. Collectively, these results identify transcriptionally important regions in the hRFC-C minimal promoter that include a GC-box and CCAAT-box, and suggest that cooperative interactions between Sp1 and C/EBP β are essential for hRFC-C transactivation. Another possible factor in the tissue-specific regulation of the hRFC-C region involves the downstream repressor flanking the minimal promoter.
CCR4 agonists CCL22 and CCL17 are elevated in pediatric OMS sera: rapid and selective down-regulation of CCL22 by ACTH or corticosteroids.

Purpose To study the role of Th2-attracting chemokines in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS), a serious neurological paraneoplastic disorder in need of better immunological understanding and therapy.
The spatial resolution of dual-tracer fluorescence thermometry in volumetrically illuminated channels

This study estimates the spatial resolution and accuracy of dual-tracer fluorescence thermometry (DFT) for measuring water temperature fields in channels where the entire channel is illuminated as is typical in microfluidics. Temperature fields are measured in heated laminar Poiseuille flow through a 1 mm2 channel. The working fluid, an aqueous solution of the temperature-sensitive fluorophores fluorescein (Fl) and sulforhodamine B (SrB), is volumetrically illuminated over the entire channel cross-section at a wavelength of 514 nm, and the temperature of the solution is estimated from images of the longer-wavelength fluorescence from Fl and SrB. These temperature data are compared with numerical simulations of the same flow where the heat transferred to the water is estimated from independent measurements of wall surface temperature to determine the accuracy and the spatial resolution of the DFT results. The results suggest that temperature measurements in the volumetrically illuminated channel are significantly corrupted by the fluorescence emissions from beyond the focal plane. A model based on the point spread function for an aberration-free lens is employed to estimate the effect of the background “noise,” i.e., the signal from beyond the object plane, on the accuracy of these DFT measurements. The results show that this background is about 30 times the signal from the focal plane. Further experiments where the channel is illuminated by a light sheet over about 40 % of the channel cross-section give estimates of the water temperature field that are on average within about 0.3 °C of the numerical predictions at an in-plane spatial resolution of 50 μm. The model is used to estimate the signal-to-background ratio for this case, as well as for a variety of commercially available microscope objectives.
Competition between C-C and C-H Activation in Reactions of Neutral Yttrium Atoms with Four Butene Isomers

The reactions of neutral, ground-state Y (a2D, s2d1) with 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutene were studied using crossed molecular beams. At a collision energy of 26.6 kcal/mol, four processes were observed for reactions with cis- and trans-2-butene and 1-butene, corresponding to nonreactive scattering of yttrium atoms and formation of YC4H6 + H2, YH2 + C4H6, and YCH2 + C3H6. For the isobutene reaction, all channels but the YH2 product channel were observed. Experimentally measured product branching ratios indicate that YC4H6 formation is always the dominant process. However, for cis- and trans-2-butene and 1-butene, YH2 formation is significant. Formation of YCH2 was minor for all four isomers. At a collision energy of 11.0 kcal/mol, only YC4H6 + H2 and nonreactive scattering were observed for all four butene isomers. A common mechanism is proposed for reactions of Y with all four isomers, involving formation of a π-complex, followed by insertion of Y into a methyl C−H bond producing a ...
Motivations and obstacles to networking in a university business incubator

Business incubators strive to develop robust business and social networks to bring value to their resident companies in the form of intellectual and material resources. Yet, information about what motivates resident companies to participate in networking activities and the obstacles they face in trying to build effective networks is limited. This study employs a communication perspective to examine the process of incubation in an award-winning university business incubator. Using a combination of network analysis and in-depth interviews, the case study reveals the nature of communication in the internal network of 18 resident companies and the incubator administrators. Despite being on the cutting edge of innovations in technology use, study findings reveal face-to-face interaction in the incubator is predominant. The physical proximity of resident companies at the incubator influences who they talk to the most, suggesting incubator site design is important in creating an entrepreneurial environment. The case study also indicates resident company motivations for networking include a strong desire for social support to help manage stress, security of membership in an in-group, and increased access to material or information resources. The primary obstacles residents face to participating in networking and building relationships with each other include extreme time limitations during the early start-up phase, lack of ongoing information about other residents, and lack of trust related to keeping information about innovations and funding sources secure. Implications of these findings and recommendations for incubator managers for building successful and sustainable communication networks conclude the article.
Minority Stress and Attributions for Discriminatory Events Predict Social Anxiety in Gay Men

This study revealed that attributional style can identify gay men at risk for adverse mental health correlates of discrimination, as well as those resilient in the face of frequent discriminatory events. Men identifying as gay (N = 307) completed online self-reports of social anxiety, perceived frequency of discriminatory events, attributions for discriminatory events, and key minority stress constructs: internalized homonegativity and gay identity development. A new measure was constructed to assess different types of attributions regarding discrimination, with factor analyses yielding promising psychometric properties. Global attributions and the importance ascribed to discrimination were associated with increased social anxiety, above and beyond other minority stress constructs related to mental health in gay men. Attribution style also served as a moderator, as perceived discrimination was only associated with increased social anxiety in gay men who attributed high globality/importance to discriminatory events. Attributions may serve as risk or protective factors in the context of discrimination.
Collaborative Field Trips: An Opportunity to Connect Practice With Pedagogy

“Geography … is learned through observation, application, and immersion.” Geography is one of the most dynamic of all disciplines. It is both natural and social science. It is learned through obser...
Parallel-machine scheduling to minimize overtime and waste costs

This article considers scheduling products in a parallel, non-identical machine environment subject to sequence-dependent setup costs and sequence-dependent setup times, where production waste and processing time of a product depend on feasible machine assignments. A Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) formulation is developed that captures trade-offs between overtime labor costs and waste costs. Two solution procedures are developed to address large problem instances. One procedure is an algorithm that determines a vector of product-to-machine assignments that assists an MIP solver to find an initial feasible solution. The second procedure is a decomposition heuristic that iteratively solves a relaxed subproblem and uses the subproblem solution to fix assignment variables in the main MIP formulation. In addition, bounds on the quality of solutions found using the decomposition heuristic are presented. Experiments are conducted that show the developed formulation outperforms more traditional scheduling object...
Psychosocial work characteristics of personal care and service occupations: a process for developing meaningful measures for a multiethnic workforce

Background and objectives. Despite their rapid increase in number, workers in personal care and service occupations are underrepresented in research on psychosocial work characteristics and occupational health. Some of the research challenges stem from the high proportion of immigrants in these occupations. Language barriers, low literacy, and cultural differences as well as their nontraditional work setting (i.e., providing service for one person in his/her home) make generic questionnaire measures inadequate for capturing salient aspects of personal care and service work. This study presents strategies for (1) identifying psychosocial work characteristics of home care workers that may affect their occupational safety and health and (2) creating survey measures that overcome barriers posed by language, low literacy, and cultural differences.Design and results. We pursued these aims in four phases: (Phase 1) Six focus groups to identify the psychosocial work characteristics affecting the home care workers...
Changes in neurotransmitter uptake in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury

Changes in neurotransmitter systems of the spinal cord were studied in response to peripheral nerve injury. The uptake and compartmentalization of radiolabeled spinal cord neurotransmitters and transmitter precursors were examined as a function of time following unilateral sciatic nerve crush in adult mice. Accumulation of transmitter was measured within synaptosomally enriched fractions prepared using combinations of differential and density gradient centrifugations. The amount of transmitter substance recovered from these fractions was strongly dependent upon the amount of time following nerve injury and on the specific transmitter or precursor being examined (GABA, glutamate, glycine, and choline chloride). However, for each of these substances, uptake values returned to control levels within nine to twelve days after nerve crush. Localization of GABA changes postcrush revealed reciprocal differences between ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the spinal cord, as well as differences between segmental levels. Altered GABA uptake may reflect changes in the postcrush microchemical environment present during tissue processing, but may also be related to direct changes in the synaptic binding, transport, and compartmentalization of transmitter substance. The time course, magnitude, and direction of these neurochemical changes follow those observed neurophysiologically, and may thus underlie injury-induced short-term (days) alterations reported in primary afferent depolarizations, cross cord responses, and other spinal mechanisms.
Epileptogenic foci induced with ouabain

Abstract In an attempt to produce a model of focal cortical epilepsy, ouabain, an inhibitor of the membrane sodium pump, was applied to the surface of rat cortex. Fifteen of a series of twenty-two animals manifested prominent focal epileptiform discharges in the EEG at some time within the first 24 h, and six rats had observable focal seizures.
Prostaglandin E metabolite excretion in normolipidemic subjects is lowered by a moderate reduction of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturate ratio and total fat intake

Abstract In a longitudinal study consisting of two periods, 22 volunteers consumed controlled diets prepared from commonly available foods. During period 1 (six weeks) all subjects received a baseline diet in which the lipid profile approximated that of the prevailing American diet. During period 2 (24 weeks) they consumed (11 in each group) one of two low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-saturated fatty acid diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP)-Step 2 recommendations: saturated fatty acids 4.0–4.5 en%, monounsaturated fatty acids 10.8–11.6 en%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 10.3–10.5 en%, 45–61 mg of cholesterol/1000 kcal. One of the NCEP-Step 2 diets (high-fish) contained 0.54 en% from fish-derived eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids; the other diet (low-fish) contained 0.13 en% from fish-derived EPA+DHA. The high-fish diet was associated with an average 27% reduction in prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) excretion in comparison to the baseline diet (p=0.01). The low-fish diet too lowered the PGE-M daily output, but the reduction did not reach statistical significance. This is the first report of a significant alteration of prostaglandin metabolism through a moderate lowering of the n-6/n-3 ratio.
Gibbs' Phenomenon and Arclength.

The arclengths of the graphs Γ(sN(f)) of the partial sums sN(f) of the Fourier series of a piecewise smooth function f with a jump discontinuity grow at the rate O(logN). This problem does not arise if f is continuous, and can be removed by using the standard summability methods.
Apparent Familial Multiple Sclerosis in Three Generations: Report of a Family With Histocompatibility Antigen Typing

Three members of an unusual family were affected with apparent multiple sclerosis in a direct line over three successive generations. Each affected member had clinical remissions and exacerbations and evidence of lesions disseminated in space. One affected member had a cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and elevated γ-globulin level. The genetically determined histocompatibility antigen (HL-A) types are reported for 13 family members. The three affected members had HL-A types 11 and W16 in common.
Serial Migration and the Assessment of Extreme and Unusual Psychological Hardship With Undocumented Latina/o Families

There has been a significant trend among families from Mexico and Central America to immigrate to the United States due to difficult living conditions, financial hardship, and the lack of opportuni...
Metacognition as a predictor of therapeutic alliance over 26 weeks of psychotherapy in schizophrenia

Abstract Research to identify client factors that impact treatment outcome has found that deficits in metacognitive abilities and weaker therapeutic alliance are both associated with poorer treatment outcomes for schizophrenia. However, it is unknown if metacognition and therapeutic alliance are related in any way, in particular, if metacognitive abilities predict therapeutic alliance. This study explored whether differing capacities for mastery, a domain of metacognition that involves the ability to use knowledge about mental states to respond to psychological challenges, predicted client perceptions of therapeutic alliance assessed by the Working Alliance Inventory — Short Form (WAI-S). Participants were 63 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder enrolled in a 6-month program of cognitive behavioral or supportive therapy, placed into a high, intermediate or minimal mastery group as measured by the Metacognitive Assessment Scale (MAS). Repeated measures ANOVA found group effects for the total WAI-S score, with the high and intermediate mastery groups having better alliance scores than the minimal mastery group. The group effects approached significance when neurocognition was controlled for. Results suggest that greater capacity for mastery predict stronger therapeutic alliance, but do not predict its development over time.
Platelet inhibitors and cardiac surgery.

The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) has evolved rapidly over the past two decades. The gold standard of surgical revascularization was challenged by the development of angioplasty, which was popularized in the United States in the early 1980s in Atlanta, by Andreas Gruentzig, who invented the procedure when he was working in Europe. I (J.H.L.) was at Emory Healthcare in the early days of angioplasty, when emergency coronary artery bypass grafting was all too common for acute closure or dissection of coronary vessels. We would emergently bring patients to the operating room, sometimes performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, for acute cardiogenic shock due to angioplasty or interventional complications. The need for emergency
Spatiotemporal Deformable Part Models for Action Detection

Deformable part models have achieved impressive performance for object detection, even on difficult image datasets. This paper explores the generalization of deformable part models from 2D images to 3D spatiotemporal volumes to better study their effectiveness for action detection in video. Actions are treated as spatiotemporal patterns and a deformable part model is generated for each action from a collection of examples. For each action model, the most discriminative 3D sub volumes are automatically selected as parts and the spatiotemporal relations between their locations are learned. By focusing on the most distinctive parts of each action, our models adapt to intra-class variation and show robustness to clutter. Extensive experiments on several video datasets demonstrate the strength of spatiotemporal DPMs for classifying and localizing actions.
EPPS CONSISTENCY SCORE: INCONSISTENCY OR EQUALITY OF NEED?'

To develop the Consistency Score (CS) for the PPS, Edwards (1954, pp. 6-7) established cwo identical sets of 15 item pairs within the questionnaire. The degree of correspondence of choice between the two sets for S is compared with the probability of responding to them by chance alone. Thus the interpretation of the Consistency Score is essentially the probability that S is responding on the basis of chance. However, when this score is explained to Ss, some maintain that their lack of consistency is due not to carelessness but rather to equal need strength. Since they feel equally strongly about the two alrernat~ves, they choose one on the first presentation and the other on the second. They suggesr, in essence, that they have an indifference point for those choices which they checktd inconsistently. Although it seems unlikely that any S could have five indifference points in 15 choices and thereby obtain a spuriously questionable record, this possible interpretation is worth examination. Thus, our hypothesis was: The average difference in percentile scores for inconsistently checked need pairs is significantly less than the average difference in percentile scores for consistently checked need pairs. Ss were 50 university undergraduates (25 females and 25 males) with a median age of 20.5 yr. and a modal class year of Sophomore. Fifteen females and 15 males had PPS consistency scores of 11 or higher and 20 had consistency scores of 10 or less. The difference in percentile scores, based on Edward's norms for college srudents (1954), for the inconsistently checked need pairs was compared with that for the consistently checked pairs by means of the t test and the sign test. In no case were the differences between average percentile scores significant at beyond the .05 level. The results of the sign test gave clearly insignificant values (p > .20). The results of t tests were marginal or insignificant as indicated in Table 1.
Structural Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Receptor Specificity from the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is the viral envelope protein that mediates viral attachment to host cells and elicits membrane fusion. The HA receptor-binding specificity is a key determinant for the host range and transmissibility of influenza viruses. In human pandemics of the 20th century, the HA normally has acquired specificity for human-like receptors before widespread infection. Crystal structures of the H1 HA from the 2009 human pandemic (A/California/04/2009 [CA04]) in complex with human and avian receptor analogs reveal conserved recognition of the terminal sialic acid of the glycan ligands. However, favorable interactions beyond the sialic acid are found only for α2-6-linked glycans and are mediated by Asp190 and Asp225, which hydrogen bond with Gal-2 and GlcNAc-3. For α2-3-linked glycan receptors, no specific interactions beyond the terminal sialic acid are observed. Our structural and glycan microarray analyses, in the context of other high-resolution HA structures with α2-6- and α2-3-linked glycans, now elucidate the structural basis of receptor-binding specificity for H1 HAs in human and avian viruses and provide a structural explanation for the preference for α2-6 siaylated glycan receptors for the 2009 pandemic swine flu virus.
Multi-frame image restoration using a neural network

A neural implementation of a multiframe image restoration algorithm is presented. Given the amount of movement between frames, the overlapping area can be restored in the least-square sense using a neural network approach. In the case of different noise levels from one frame to the next, a weighting factor is introduced to optimize the restoration process. Methods for choosing the weighting matrix to obtain a minimum variance linear unbiased estimator of the overlapping portion are discussed. Experimental results on restoring the original image from two noisy frames are presented. Future research directions and perspectives are discussed. >
DEX-1 and DYF-7 Establish Sensory Dendrite Length by Anchoring Dendritic Tips during Cell Migration

Cells are devices whose structures delimit function. For example, in the nervous system, neuronal and glial shapes dictate paths of information flow. To understand how cells acquire their shapes, we examined the formation of a sense organ in C. elegans. Using time-lapse imaging, we found that sensory dendrites form by stationary anchoring of dendritic tips during cell-body migration. A genetic screen identified DEX-1 and DYF-7, extracellular proteins required for dendritic tip anchoring, which act cooperatively at the time and place of anchoring. DEX-1 and DYF-7 contain, respectively, zonadhesin and zona pellucida domains, and DYF-7 self-associates into multimers important for anchoring. Thus, unlike other dendrites, amphid dendritic tips are positioned by DEX-1 and DYF-7 without the need for long-range guidance cues. In sequence and function, DEX-1 and DYF-7 resemble tectorins, which anchor stereocilia in the inner ear, suggesting that a sensory dendrite anchor may have evolved into part of a mechanosensor.
Bladder perforation caused by cucumis sativus repaired per vagina

A case of bladder perforation secondary to simulated intercourse with a cucumber is presented. Treatment by primary vaginal repair was successful.
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE FOUR CANYONS PRESERVE, ELLIS COUNTY, OKLAHOMA

This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular plants from The Nature Conservancy’s Four Canyons Preserve in ellis County, Oklahoma. A total of 371 taxa of vascular plants in 244 genera and 77 families were collected, with the most species occurring in the families Asteraceae (69), Poaceae (64), and Fabaceae (38). One hundred-twelve species were annuals, four biennials, and 255 perennials. Fifty-one species of woody plants were present. Twenty-nine exotic species were collected representing 7.8% of the flora. six tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage i nventory were found. resumen
The Role of Child Health Days in the Attainment of Global Deworming Coverage Targets among Preschool-Age Children

Background Global deworming programs aim to reach 75% of at-risk preschool-age children (pre-SAC) by 2020. The 2013 global pre-SAC deworming coverage initially published by the World Health Organization (WHO) was 23.9%, but this estimate inadequately captured deworming delivered through Child Health Day (CHD) platforms.
Fermentation monitoring by polymeric‐resin‐based microbiol assay

summary A polymeric-resin-based microbiological assay is shown to yield results consistent with classical inhibition zone theory. This novel assay is applicable to cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, at concentrations below 1.0 pg/mL and up to 800 pg/mL. Addition of ethanol to the cut-out wells of the assay plate helps to release the antibiotic and drastically increases the inhibition zone size. The antibiotic concentrations of both two component and multicomponent systems can be determined using this method. The use of polymeric-resin beads to monitor antibiotic concentrations is shown to be an effective technique for fermentation monitoring.
Sketch Interpretation Using Multiscale Models of Temporal Patterns

Sketching is a natural input modality that has received increased interest in the computer graphics and human-computer interaction communities. The emergence of hardware such as tablet PCs and handheld PDAs provides easy means for capturing pen input. These devices combine a display, pen tracker, and computing device, making it possible to capture and process sketches online, as they are drawn. In this article, we present our sketch-recognition framework, which uses data to automatically learn the object orderings that commonly occur when people sketch and then use the orderings for sketch recognition. The key features that make this framework novel include learning object-level patterns from data, handling objects comprising multiple strokes (multistroke objects) and objects that share strokes (multiobject strokes), and supporting continuous observable features. We also present an efficient graphical model implementation of our approach and report that a specialized inference algorithm known as the Lauritzen-Jensen stable conditional Gaussian belief propagation should be used to avoid numerical instabilities in recognition