cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of dust in simple environments: Large magellanic cloud H II regions

We investigate the effects of dust on Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) H II region spectral energy distributions using arcminute-resolution far-ultraviolet (FUV), Hα, far-infrared (FIR), and radio images. Widely used indicators of the amount of light lost to dust (attenuation) at Hα and in the FUV correlate with each other, although often with substantial scatter. There are two interesting systematic discrepancies: First, Hα attenuations estimated from the Balmer decrement are lower than those estimated from the Hα-to-thermal radio luminosity ratio. Our data, at this stage, cannot unambiguously identify the source of this discrepancy. Second, the attenuation at 1500 A and the UV spectral slope, β, correlate, although the slope and scatter are substantially different from the correlation first derived for starbursting galaxies by Calzetti et al. Combining our result with those of Meurer et al. for ultraluminous infrared galaxies and Calzetti et al. for starbursting galaxies, we conclude that no single relation between β and 1500 A attenuation is applicable to all star-forming systems.
Numerical simulations of BGK modes

Solutions of the full nonlinear Vlasov–Poisson system for a one-dimensional unmagnetized plasma that correspond to undamped travelling waves near Maxwellian equilibria are analysed numerically using the splitting scheme algorithm. The numerical results are clearly in favour of the existence of such waves and confirm that there is a critical phase velocity below which they cannot be constructed.
Prognostic Significance of Spouse We Talk in Couples Coping With Heart Failure

Recent research suggests that marital quality predicts the survival of patients with heart failure (HF), and it is hypothesized that a communal orientation to coping marked by first-person plural pronoun use (we talk) may be a factor in this. During a home interview, 57 HF patients (46 men and 16 women) and their spouses discussed how they coped with the patients' health problems. Analysis of pronoun counts from both partners revealed that we talk by the spouse, but not the patient, independently predicted positive change in the patient's HF symptoms and general health over the next 6 months and did so better than direct self-report measures of marital quality and the communal coping construct. We talk by the patient and spouse did not correlate, however, and gender had no apparent moderating effects on how pronoun use predicted health change. The results highlight the utility of automatic text analysis in couple-interaction research and provide further evidence that looking beyond the patient can improve prediction of health outcomes.
The Anthropology of Islam

The Anthropology of Islam , edited by Gabriele Marranci, Berg: Oxford and New York, 2008, ix + 182pp. ISBN 978 1 84520 284 2, US$99.95 (hbk); ISBN 978 1 84520 285 9, US$29.95 (pbk) The Anthropology...
Riffle-pool geomorphology disrupts longitudinal patterns of stream benthos

An Ozark Plateau stream was studied to determine the influence of distinct pool and riffle geomorphology on the longitudinal zonation of macroinvertebrate species assemblages and functional group classification. All study sites were dominated by alluvial pool and riffle channel form and the first two orders became intermittent during summer months. Nine benthos samples were collected seasonally from riffles and pools at each of five sites using a vacuum benthos sampler. Diel temperature pulse and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were measured at each site also. Water temperature was most variable in second order, and CPOM on riffles was not more abundant in upstream reaches. Annual average density and biomass of invertebrates were highest in third and fourth orders, respectively. Diversity was depressed in the intermittent headwaters sites. Macroinvertebrate functional groups did not exhibit strong longitudinal trends as predicted by the river continuum model, with species assemblages apparently more strongly affected by the segment-level physical template, although shredders were more abundant in the headwaters during fall and winter. This study indicates that a reach-level perspective based on channel form is a necessary complement to holistic stream ecosystem models, especially in alluvial gravel streams.
EISIL: A Gateway to International Legal Information on the Internet

paper given by amy b. osborne, foreign and comparative law specialist at university of kentucky college of law library at the biall pre-conference seminar on treaties and international law, harrogate, june 9, 2005. eisil, the electronic information system for international law was fully launched in september 2004. a project of the american society of international law, eisil is designed to assist researchers both experienced and novice, who are looking for information within the realm of international law.
Technique for commissural alignment of the arterial trunks during orthotopic heart transplantation

Twisting, buckling, and stretching of the pulmonary artery due to faulty alignment or disproportionately long arterial trunks are known technical complications during orthotopic heart transplantation. Failure to recognize these potentially lethal problems intraoperatively may lead to acute ventricular distention and failure. We describe a technique for alignment of the arterial trunks during orthotopic heart transplantation based on the constant commissural orientation of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
Collection and Determination of Iodine-131 in the Air

Abstract The paper presents data on the collection and determination of iodine-131 from the air following the May, October, and December, 1966, atmospheric nuclear detonations by mainland China. The iodine-131 was collected on an alkaline barium-iodide-iodate impregnated filter and was determined by a destructive sulfuric acid distillation followed by collection and analysis of the gaseous iodine-131 evolved. Radioactivity measurements were made using a 3 × 3-inch NaI(TI) 1-inch-well crystal coupled to a 200-channel gamma analyzer. The variations in the amounts of iodine-131 recovered followed the gross beta activities for these periods. It is not known definitely if the iodine-131 collected in this manner includes the organically bound iodine-131. In future tests studies will be made to determine if all the forms of iodine-131 are collected by the barium-impregnated filter.
Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: Visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin

In complex partial epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy, hippocampal mossy fibers appear to develop recurrent collaterals, that invade the dentate molecular layer. Mossy fiber collaterals have been proposed to subserve recurrent excitation by forming granule cell-granule cell synapses. This hypothesis was tested by visualizing dentate granule cells and their mossy fibers after terminal uptake and retrograde transport of biocytin. Labeling studies were performed with transverse slices of the caudal rat hippocampal formation prepared 2.6–l70.0 weeks after pilocarpine-induced or kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Light microscopy demonstrated the progressive growth of recurrent mossy fibers into the molecular layer; the densest innervation was observed in slices from pilocarpine-treated rats that had survived 10 weeks or longer after status epilepticus. Thin mossy fiber collaterals originated predominantly from deep within the hilar region, crossed the granule cell body layer, and formed an axonal plexus oriented parallel to the cell body layer within the inner one-third of the molecular layer. When sprouting was most robust, some recurrent mossy fibers at the apex of the dentate gyrus reached the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer. The distribution and density of mossy fiber-like Timm staining correlated with the biocytin labeling. When viewed with the electron microscope, the inner one-third of the dentate molecular layer contained numerous mossy fiber boutons. In some instances, biocytin-labeled mossy fiber boutons were engaged in synaptic contact with biocytin-labeled granule cell dendrites. Granule cell dendrites did not develop large complex spines (“thorny excrescences”) at the site of synapse formation, and they did not appear to have been permanently damaged by seizure activity. These results establish the validity of Timm staining as a marker for mossy fiber sprouting and support the view that status epilepticus provokes the formation of a novel recurrent excitatory circuit in the dentate gyrus. Retrograde labeling with biocytin showed that the recurrent mossy fiber projection often occupies a considerably greater fraction of the dendritic region than previous studies had suggested. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estimation of Spatial Temperature Distribution in Co-Flow Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Significant temperature distribution has been identified in planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) during both steady state and transient operations. In order to ensure the material stability and device protection, the maximum temperature and temperature gradient have to be closely monitored and securely maintained below certain limits. In practical implementation, however, direct measurement of the temperature distribution inside the SOFC is difficult and costly. In this paper, an observer is designed and the corresponding performance is analyzed for estimating the temperature distribution in the co-flow planar SOFC. To facilitate the observer design, we introduce a reduced-order nonlinear SOFC model that is obtained based on the high-order detailed model derived in our previous work. Using three easily accessible measurements, namely the stack voltage and the temperatures of the solid structure at the entrance and exit of the SOFC, the observer designed based on the low order model can effectively estimate the temperature profile during both steady-state and transient operations. Model-based analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the estimation scheme and to provide design guidelines.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Cadmium potentiation of drug response--role of the liver.

Abstract Three days after a single cadmium dose (2 mg/kg), the duration of response to subsequently administered hexobarbital or zoxazolamine was potentiated. Duration of sleep was prolonged (225 per cent) in cadmium-treated rats, but the awakening plasma hexobarbital levels were similar in both the cadmium-treated animals and saline-treated controls. Moreover, cadmium-treated animals exhibited significantly higher plasma hexoharbital levels when sacrificed prior to awakening at a time corresponding to the mean duration of sleep in control rats, thus suggesting that the cadmium effect may be mediated by a decline in the plasma disappearance of hexobarbital. Duration of hexobarbital sleep was not changed in cadmium-treated hepatectomized rats compared to hepatectomized control animals, indicating the necessity of an intact liver for the cadmium effect to be elicited. In addition, pretreatment with cadmium significantly inhibited metabolism of hexobarbital in vitro in the isolated perfused rat liver (65 per cent). After the cadmium treatment zoxazolamine-induced paralysis was prolonged (185 per cent), but the plasma drug levels measured upon recovery were significantly lower. Significantly higher plasma levels of zoxazolamine were found in cadmium-treated rats when they were sacrificed prior to recovery at a time corresponding to the mean duration of paralysis in control rats. These results thus infer that the cadmium interaction with zoxazolamine may involve both an alteration in drug disposition as well as a change in tissue responsiveness.
Surface‐enhanced Raman detection of chemical vapors with the use of personal dosimeters

This article provides an overview of the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the detection of vapors of organic chemicals with the use of personal dosimetry. The approach used with this personal dosimeter requires no sample desorption or wet-chemical extraction procedure. The dosimeter employs the SERS technique for direct measurement of the amount of analyte collected on the sample substrate. SERS substrates based on nanoparticles developed in our laboratory have been incorporated in this dosimeter design. Polymers applied to these solid-based SERS substrates can further enhance dosimeter shelf life, ruggedness, and chemical selectivity. Use of this SERS dosimeter for the determination of time-weighted average exposures to chemical vapors has been demonstrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 346–356, 1999
Automatic segmentation of tumor-laden lung volumes from the LIDC database

The segmentation of the lung parenchyma is often a critical pre-processing step prior to application of computer-aided detection of lung nodules. Segmentation of the lung volume can dramatically decrease computation time and reduce the number of false positive detections by excluding from consideration extra-pulmonary tissue. However, while many algorithms are capable of adequately segmenting the healthy lung, none have been demonstrated to work reliably well on tumor-laden lungs. Of particular challenge is to preserve tumorous masses attached to the chest wall, mediastinum or major vessels. In this role, lung volume segmentation comprises an important computational step that can adversely affect the performance of the overall CAD algorithm. An automated lung volume segmentation algorithm has been developed with the goals to maximally exclude extra-pulmonary tissue while retaining all true nodules. The algorithm comprises a series of tasks including intensity thresholding, 2-D and 3-D morphological operations, 2-D and 3-D floodfilling, and snake-based clipping of nodules attached to the chest wall. It features the ability to (1) exclude trachea and bowels, (2) snip large attached nodules using snakes, (3) snip small attached nodules using dilation, (4) preserve large masses fully internal to lung volume, (5) account for basal aspects of the lung where in a 2-D slice the lower sections appear to be disconnected from main lung, and (6) achieve separation of the right and left hemi-lungs. The algorithm was developed and trained to on the first 100 datasets of the LIDC image database.
Open-Pit Block-Sequencing Formulations: A Tutorial

A classical problem in the mining industry for open-pit mines involves scheduling the production of notional three-dimensional production blocks, each containing a predetermined amount of ore and waste. That is, given operational resource constraints on extraction and processing, we seek a net present value-maximizing schedule of when, if ever, to extract each block in a deposit. We present a version of the problem, which some literature refers to as CPIT. This constrained ultimate pit limit problem i.e., open-pit production-scheduling problem variant produces a sequence of blocks to extract given minimum and maximum bounds on production and processing capacity, and geospatial precedences. Our tutorial demonstrates methods to expedite solutions for instances of this model through variable definition, preprocessing, algorithmic choice, and the provision of an initial feasible solution. As such, our paper is relevant for any mining practitioner interested in production scheduling, and any operations researcher interested in a basic introduction before extending the boundaries of algorithmic development in this area.
Ultra-Thin Overcoats for the Head/Disk Interface Tribology

Areal density in magnetic storage is increasing at a blistering pace of 60% annually. Recently IBM announced its mobile product with the industry highest areal density of 2.64 Gb/In{sup 2}. The areal density demonstrations have shown up to 5 Gb/In{sup 2} possible. Reaching higher areal density targets dictate that magnetic spacing between heads and disks be reduced. For the example of a 10 Gb/In{sup 2} areal density goal, the magnetic spacing should be {approx}25 nm. In budgeting this magnetic spacing, it is required that disk and slider air bearing surface overcoats thickness be reduced to 5 nm range. Present choice of carbon overcoat in the magnetic storage hard disk drive industry is sputter deposited, hydrogenated carbon (CH{sub x}) with thickness in the range of 12-15 nm on heads and disks. Novel overcoats such as nitrogenated carbon (CN{sub x}) and cathodic arc carbon films are being developed for future applications. Cathodic arc deposition forms ultra-thin amorphous hard carbon films of high sp{sup 3} content, high hardness, and low coefficient of friction. These properties make it of great interest for head/disk interface application, in particular for contact recording. In many cases, the tribological properties of the head disk interface could be improved by factors up to ten applying cathodic arc overcoats to the slider or disk surface. This paper reviews the results of cathodic arc ultra-thin (2-10 nm) carbon overcoats for head/disk interface tribological applications.
Ion-source and low-energy beam-transport issues for H/sup -/ accelerators

H/sup -/ ions are being used in high-energy accelerators and spallation neutron-sources because of the efficiency with which they can be converted into protons at high energy, a mechanism utilized in schemes that provide injection into a ring by means of charge. This paper discusses new trends and recent developments in the field of H/sup -/ plasma generators, extraction systems, and low-energy beam-transport (LEBT) systems, with emphasis on low-emittance systems delivering beams in the 50-mA range.
Internet Ad Auctions: Insights and Directions

On the Internet, there are advertisements (ads) of different kinds: image, text, video and other specially marked objects that are distinct from the underlying content of the page. There is an industry behind the management of such ads, and they face a number of algorithmic challenges. This note will present a small selection of such problems, some insights and open research directions.
Exploring Dynamics and Stereochemistry in Mechanically-Interlocked Compounds

The advent of self-assembly and template-directed synthetic protocols has led to a tremendous surge in the number of mechanically-interlocked compounds being prepared and studied. As these investigations are being carriedout, it is becoming increasingly apparent that many of these compounds, known as catenanes and rotaxanes, possess unique dynamic and stereochemical properties. In addition, the drive to create molecular switches and machines for nanotechnological applications has generated a need to understand how to control those properties in condensed phases. Here, we present an overview of the field with regard to the solution dynamics and stereochemistry of mechanically-interlocked compounds - as well as to some related structural types - and review the recent results from our own research in some detail. 1 H NMR spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for probing both degenerate and nondegenerate dynamic processes in these compounds, as well as for identifying stereoisomers if they are present in solution. The results of several variable temperature NMR investigations on the effects of structural changes upon the dynamic processes and stimulated relative motions of components in catenanes and rotaxanes, as well as in some self-complexes and pretzelanes, are discussed. A review with 90 references.
Dominant Modes of Mechanical Systems

To obtain a reduced model of a mechanical system, we can identify the dominant modes and retain those as the reduced model. Two widely used schemes for selection of dominant modes we Modal Cost Analysis (MCA) and balancing, but neither of the methods guarantees that the model error is small, where model error measures the difference between the output of the full model and the output of the reduced model. We introduce a set of coordinates called Pseudo Uncorrelated modal coordinates (PUnc) that we can use in conjunction with Component Cost Analysis (CCA) to select dominant modes yielding a reduced model with minimum model error. Furthermore, unlike MCA and balancing, the accuracy of the reduced model (the model error) in PUnc coordinates can be evaluated before reduction.
Much Ado About Nothing: The Future of Manifest Disregard after Hall Street

Section 10 of the Federal Arbitration Act contains a list of bases for vacating an arbitrational award. The lower courts have long stated but seldom held that these bases are non-exclusive. In narrow circumstances, courts have found that an award may be vacated on non-statutory grounds such as manifest disregard of the law. In Hall Street, the Court created doubt as to whether nonstatutory standards are still applicable when it stated that the grounds for vacatur are “exclusive” to those stated in the FAA. Some courts have interpreted this language as eliminating all non-statutory grounds for vacatur; other courts have interpreted it as merely limiting the use of non-statutory grounds. This article argues that the FAA standards are not exclusive and that while the standard of manifest disregard of the law survives, it should be replaced with the standard of manifest disregard of the agreement. Under the doctrine of manifest disregard of the agreement, an arbitrator’s award is vacated only if it fails to “draw its essence” from the construction of the contract. By contrast, under manifest disregard of the law, vacatur is based on an arbitrator’s acknowledgment and disregard of external law.
Renal damage progresses despite improvement of renal function after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in adult rats.

Progression of renal damage after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has been demonstrated, especially in neonatal rats. We evaluated renal function and renal damage after relief of 3-...
Implementation of a community-based secondhand smoke reduction intervention for caregivers of urban children with asthma: process evaluation, successes and challenges

Many children, including those with asthma, remain exposed to secondhand smoke. This manuscript evaluates the process of implementing a secondhand smoke reduction counseling intervention using motivational interviewing (MI) for caregivers of urban children with asthma, including reach, dose delivered, dose received and fidelity. Challenges, strategies and successes in applying MI are highlighted. Data for 140 children (3-10 years) enrolled in the School Based Asthma Therapy trial, randomized to the treatment condition and living with one or more smoker, were analyzed. Summary statistics describe the sample, process measures related to intervention implementation, and primary caregiver (PCG) satisfaction with the intervention. The full intervention was completed by 79% of PCGs, but only 17% of other smoking caregivers. Nearly all (98%) PCGs were satisfied with the care study nurses provided and felt the program might be helpful to others. Despite challenges, this intervention was feasible and well received reaching caregivers who were not actively seeking treatment for smoking cessation or secondhand smoke reduction. Anticipating the strategies required to implement such an intervention may help promote participant engagement and retention to enhance the program's ultimate success.
Prospects for Poor Neighborhoods in the Broadband Era Neighborhood-Level Influences on Technology Use at Work

This research explores the role of place in Internet use at work, investigating the role that neighborhood context may play in opportunities to gain technology skills and access to relatively better paying jobs. Examining both individual and neighborhood attributes, the authors carry out a comprehensive survey of individuals within three distinct cities in Northeast Ohio combined with a methodology that allows generation of location-specific contextual information. Together, these data are modeled in a series of logistic regressions that compare the importance of both individual and contextual attributes. The findings demonstrate that individual characteristics, especially job type, education, and income, are strongly related to workplace Internet use and that neighborhood unemployment is associated with lower probabilities of technology use at work.
Correlating high power conversion efficiency of PTB7:PC71BM inverted organic solar cells with nanoscale structures

Advances in material design and device engineering led to inverted organic solar cells (i-OSCs) with superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) compared to their “conventional” counterparts, in addition to the well-known better ambient stability. Here, we report an in-depth morphology study of the i-OSC active and cathode modifying layers, employing a model system with a well-established bulk-heterojunction, PTB7:PC71BM as the active layer and poly-[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) as the cathode surface modifying layer. We have also identified the role of a processing additive, 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), used in the spin-casting of the active layer to increase PCE. Using various characterization techniques, we demonstrate that the high PCEs of i-OSCs are due to the diffusion of electron-accepting PC71BM into the PFN layer, resulting in improved electron transport. The diffusion occurs when residual solvent molecules in the spun-cast film act as a plasticizer. Addition of DIO to the casting solution results in more PC71BM diffusion and therefore more efficient electron transport. This work provides important insight and guidance to further enhancement of i-OSC performance by materials and interface engineering.
Regulated synthesis of the Borrelia burgdorferi inner-membrane lipoprotein IpLA7 (P22, P22-A) during the Lyme disease spirochaete's mammal-tick infectious cycle.

Results of previous immunological studies suggested that Borrelia burgdorferi regulates synthesis of the IpLA7 lipoprotein during mammalian infection. Through combined use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence analyses, ELISA and immunoblotting, it is now demonstrated that IpLA7 is actually expressed throughout mammalian infection, as well as during transmission both from feeding ticks to naive mice and from infected mice to naive, feeding ticks. However, proportions of IpLA7-expressing B. burgdorferi within tick midguts declined significantly with time following completion of blood feeding. Cultured bacteria differentially expressed IpLA7 in response to changes in temperature, pH and concentration of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione, the precursor of autoinducer 2, indicative of mechanisms governing IpLA7 expression. Previous studies also reported mixed results as to the cellular localization of IpLA7. It is now demonstrated that IpLA7 localizes primarily to the borrelial inner membrane and is not surface-exposed, consistent with the ability of these bacteria to produce IpLA7 throughout mammalian infection despite being the target of a robust immune response.
Present status of the concept of drug dependence.

At least for heuristic purposes, certain operationally definable concepts of conditioning theory can serve as a framework for research on ‘drug dependence’ both in man and in animals: primary and secondary pharmacological reinforcement, either of which may be direct (‘psychic’) or indirect (‘physical’); and social reinforcement (‘cultural’).
Environmental Effects on the Elastic Moduli of Composite Materials

The buckling moduli of Thornel 300/Fiberite 1034 graphite epoxy composites were measured at temperatures ranging from 105 K to 422 K and at moisture contents ranging from 0% (dry) to 1.5% (fully saturated). The measurements were made using 0°, 90° and π/4 laminates. A survey was also made of the existing data showing the effects of temperature and moisture content on the tensile modulus and the compressive modulus of different composite materials.
Thermochemical Energy Storage Using Salt Hydrates

We investigate the capability of salt hydrates, using magnesium sulfate heptahydrate as a model salt, to store thermo-chemical energy as they dissociate into anhydrous salts or lower hydrates and water vapor upon heating. When salt hydrates are heated to the temperature required to activate the dehydration reaction, water desorption occurs from the compound. While thermal diffusion governs thermal transport below this reaction temperature, the heat transfer during the dehydration process is influenced by thermochemical kinetics. An anhydrous salt that has relatively higher energy content than its hydrated counterpart can be stably stored over long durations and transported at ambient temperatures. Thus, thermal energy can be released by allowing water vapor to flow across the anhydrous salt, which transforms its chemically stored heat into a sensible form. We model the thermochemical process based on the conservation of mass and energy and a relation describing the chemical kinetics, and employ finite difference technique to solve them. Different cases are considered to provide suggestions to improve the process performance. This storage application has potential for long-term thermal applications, e.g., for storing solar heat during summer months and releasing it in the winter to warm buildings.© 2010 ASME
Air-Handling Unit Supply Air Temperature Optimal Economizer Control Experiment

Most air handling units (AHUs) in commercial buildings have an air economizer cycle for free cooling under certain outside air conditions. During the economizer cycle, the outside air and return air dampers are modulated to seek supply air temperature at its setpoint. The supply air temperature is typically set at 13 °C (55 °F) to control humidity in the space. However, dehumidification is not necessary when the outside air is dry. Meanwhile, the space may have less cooling load due to envelope heat loss and/or occupant schedule changes. These facts provide an opportunity to use higher supply air temperature to reduce or eliminate mechanical cooling and terminal box reheat. On the other hand, a higher supply air temperature requires increased air flow as well as fan power. Therefore, an optimization question was formed, through which an optimal supply air temperature is identified to minimize total energy consumption. In our previous studies, through simulation, 90% of energy savings were concluded and a universal control sequence was also proposed for implementing the optimal control strategy. In this paper, experiments were conducted to validate the previously documented theory concerning the optimal supply air temperature reset. The previously recommended universal control sequence is implemented into the building automation system for an air-handling unit control to make the program ready for the next step of verifying energy savings previously simulated. This paper presents optimization control system setup and experimental results showing the program tuning procedures, through which the program is ready for the next step.© 2012 ASME
Evaluating acceptability and completeness of overseas immunization records of internationally adopted children.

Background. Increasing numbers of families in the United States are adopting children who were born in other countries. Appropriate immunization of internationally adopted children provides a challenge to pediatricians who must evaluate documentation of vaccines administered overseas and fulfill the recommended US childhood immunization schedule. The acceptability of vaccinations received outside the United States was addressed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 1994, but few population-based studies assessing these vaccinations have been reported. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 504 children who were adopted from other countries and evaluated in 1997 and 1998. Our goal was to determine the acceptability of overseas vaccinations for meeting US immunization requirements. We assessed immunization records for both valid documentation of receipt of vaccine and comparability with the recommended US schedule. We also determined the number of children who were up to date (UTD) for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines under the US schedule. Results. The children’s mean age at initial US evaluation was 19 months; 71% were girls, and most (88%) had resided in orphanages. They were adopted from 16 countries, most frequently from China (48%) and Russia (31%). Thirty-five percent (178) of children had overseas immunization records, 167 (94%) of which were considered valid. Most children with valid records (112 [67%] of 167) were UTD for 1 or more vaccine series under the US schedule. Conclusion. The majority (65%) of internationally adopted children had no written records of overseas immunizations. Among the 178 children with documented overseas immunizations, 167 (94%) had valid records and some vaccine doses that were acceptable and UTD under the US schedule. Additional research and more specific guidance in the most cost-effective approaches to evaluation of overseas vaccinations are needed to ensure appropriate state-side vaccination and to improve the health of these children and their communities.
Group Faultlines: A Review, Integration, and Guide to Future Research

Organizations have been searching for ways to harness the benefits of groups while simultaneously reducing process losses associated with groups. The focus on group composition and individual attribute alignment has led to an interest in the topic of faultlines. Faultlines are hypothetical dividing lines that split a group into two or more subgroups based on the alignment of one or more individual attributes and have been found to influence group processes, performance outcomes, and affective outcomes. Using 59 published articles, the authors summarize the current state of the faultlines literature with respect to the following themes: theoretical foundations, faultline measurement, empirical findings, and the contingent role of context. A quantitative aggregation of 34 published empirical articles is used to summarize identified relationships in the literature and shows that the faultlines construct explains variance above and beyond the effect of team diversity measures on group outcomes. The authors pr...
On the embedding of partial three path designs

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are found for embedding a maximal partial 3-path design of order n into a 3-path design of specified order. Also solved is the more general problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding of a partial 3-path design of order n into a 3-path design of order k ? n + 2 .
Utilization of the Electronic Health Record to Improve Provision of Smoking Cessation Resources for Vascular Surgery Inpatients.

Utilization of the Electronic Health Record to Improve Provision of Smoking Cessation Resources for Vascular Surgery Inpatients Background and Objectives: Identification of hospitalized patients who smoke has shown significant improvement in recent years, but provision of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment remains a challenge. This study evaluated the utilization of an electronic health record (EHR) to facilitate implementation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for smoking cessation on a vascular surgery inpatient unit. Methods: A pre- and post-intervention cohort study was conducted over 6 months at a single academic medical center with a comprehensive EHR. All patients admitted to the vascular surgery service and documented as current smokers were included. A vascular surgery discharge order set with an evidence-based smoking cessation module was developed and implemented. The primary outcome was prescription of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) at the time of discharge. The secondary outcome was referral for smoking cessation counselling at the time of discharge.
Cotton-Insect Control with Low-Volume Concentrates of Malathion Applied by Aircraft

Aircraft applications of malathion, applied as a lowvolume concentrate spray and in a conventional water-emulsion spray, were compared for effectiveness against cotton insects in a field test conducted in Pinal County, Ariz., during July 1964. In both cases malathion was applied at the rate of 1.25 lb of actual toxicant per acre. The total amounts of formulation applied per acre were 1 pint for the low-volume concentrate spray and 5 gal for the water emulsion spray. The low-concentrate spray was applied to a single 40-acre plot, using a plane equipped with 5 equally spaced D-4 orifice nozzles, flown at a height of 30 ft, with swaths 70 ft wide. The water-emulsion spray was applied to a 14-acre plot with a conventionally constructed aircraft, flown immediately above the cotton plants, with swaths 40 ft wide. An adjacent 14-acre plot was left untreated. Results were measured by standard sweep-net counts of insects present. In the 40-acre low-volume concentrate plot, 9 samples of 100 net strokes each were taken. In each of the 14-acre plots used for comparison 3 similar samples were taken. Plots were sampled by this method 2 hr before treatment and 3 and 10 days after treatment.
Chemical Analysis of the Defensive Scent Fluid from Progaleritina mexicana (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

One of the more distinctive ground beetles occasionally found in Travis County, Tex., is Progaleritina mexicana (Chaudoir) whose orange-colored pronotum and velvety black elytra present a rather attractive appearance. Being very timid and retiring, this beetle is usually found secluded in moist leaves and debris but occasionally can be taken under lights at night.
Application of air classification and formulation to manage feedstock cost, quality and availability for bioenergy

Abstract Biomass such as agricultural residues, energy crops and yard waste has significant potential to be used as renewable feedstocks for production of fuels, chemicals and energy. However, in a given location, biomass availability, cost and quality can vary markedly. Strategies to manage these traits must be identified and implemented so that consistent low-cost and high-quality feedstocks can be delivered to biorefineries year round. In this study, we examine air classification as a method to mitigate high ash concentrations in corn stover, switchgrass, and grass clippings. Formulation techniques were then used to produce blends that met ash quality and biomass quantity specifications at the lowest possible cost for biopower and biochemical conversion applications. It was found that air classification can separate the biomass into light fractions which contain concentrated amounts of elemental ash components introduced through soil contamination such as sodium, alumina, silica, iron and titania; and heavy fractions that are depleted in these components and have relatively lower total ash content. Light fractions of corn stover and grass clippings were found to be suitable for combustion applications since they had less propensity to slag than the whole biomass material. The remaining heavy fractions of corn stover or grass clippings could then be blended with switchgrass to produce blends that met the 5% total ash specifications suggested for biochemical conversions. However, ternary blends of the three feedstocks were not possible due to the high ash content of grass clippings. It was determined that air classification by itself was not suitable to prepare these feedstocks for pyrolysis due to high ash content.
Pathogen identification of food poison caused by small lobster contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Objective:To search the cause of food poison through detecting small lobster and other samples for Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Methods:According to the method from GB/T4789.7-2008,small lobster and other samples were collected and detected for Vibrio parahaemolyticus,then biochemical identification and durg-resistance test were carried out using ATB Biochemical and Drug-sensitive analysis system,toxic genes were detected by PCR.Results:The two strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were non-pathogenic,and the strain isolated from small lobster was tolerant to ticarcillin and cephalothin.Conclusion:Eating small lobster contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is risk,which may cause food poison.
The clinical epidemiology characteristics of HFMD in 2010 of Hangzhou

Objective To analyze clinical epidemiology characteristics of HFMD in children from April 2010 to October in Hangzhou. Methods1848 HFMD hospital patients are admitted to clinical epidemiological analysis. ResultsOnset ages of HFMD primarily under 3 years, boys more than girls,social above diasporas, rural above town. The highest peak in 5-7 months. Mostly clinical symptoms are mild, the prognosis is good. ConclusionHFMD has obvious susceptible population and susceptibility season. Increase health interventions to susceptible regions and the crowd in popular season, early detection,active therapy, most prognosis is good. Key words: Hand foot and mouth disease; Epidemic characteristics
Repeated restraint and isolation stress alters adrenal and lymphocyte functions and some leukocyte differentiation antigens in lambs.

Lambs were used to evaluate the effect of repeated restraint and isolation stress (RIS) on secretion of cortisol, lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, production of interleukin-2, and expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens. Differentiation antigens evaluated included cluster of differentiation antigens 2, 4, and 8 (CD2, CD4, and CD8, respectively); B cells; and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, DQ, and DR. Lambs were assigned to either control (CON; n = 12) or to RIS treatment (n = 12) then were stanchioned in environmentally controlled rooms at 18 degrees C and constant light for 11 d before jugular vein catheters were inserted on d 0 of the experiment. On d 12, 13, and 14, lambs in the RIS treatment were removed to another location, restrained, and isolated from visual and tactile contact with other lambs for 6 h on each day. Following the 6-h stress treatment, lambs were returned to their home stanchions. The CON lambs remained in their stanchions. Samples of serum were obtained from all lambs, beginning before RIS (0 h) and at .5-h intervals until the completion of stress (6 h) on d 12 and 14. In addition, samples of whole blood were obtained at 0 and 6 h on d 12, 13, and 14 for evaluation of immune function characteristics. Fitted polynomial curves describing the cortisol response in RIS and CON lambs differed (P less than .005) on both d 12 and 14, reflecting the unmistakable increase in cortisol in response to the stressor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Which way is which? Examining symbolic control of attention with compound arrow cues

Spatial symbols can generate attentional biases toward peripheral locations compatible with the symbol's meaning. An important question concerns how one symbol is selected when competing symbols are present. Studies examining this issue for spatially distinct symbols have suggested that selection depends on the task goals. In the present study, we examined whether the influence of competing symbolic stimuli (arrows) at different levels of structure on attentional control also depends on the task goals. Participants made simple detection responses to a peripheral target preceded by a spatially uninformative compound arrow (global arrow composed of local arrows). In addition, participants were required to perform a secondary task in which they matched the orientation of the global arrow (global task) or the location of a uniquely colored local arrow (local task) to a test display presented immediately following a detection response. When the global and local arrows pointed at opposite locations, a local cueing effect emerged in the local task, and a global cueing effect in the global task, indicating that the task goals influenced the selection of the level of structure. However, when the local level was spatially neutral (global arrow, local rectangles), a cueing effect was observed independent of task, and when the global level was spatially neutral (global rectangle, local arrows), a cueing effect was observed in the local task only, suggesting that global processing was obligatory and local processing optional. These findings suggest that attentional effects triggered by the global level are more strongly reflexive than those triggered by the local level.
Comments on "Decomposition of complex multipliers using polynomial encoding"

Presents a better way of decomposition of complex multipliers using polynomial encoding than the method presented in the paper, "Decomposition of Complex Multipliers Using Polynomial Encoding." ibid., vol. 41, no. 10, p1331-3, 1992. The decomposition described in this paper makes use of smaller multipliers which results in smaller ROMs if ROM table look-ups are used to implement multipliers. >
Chitosan-cellulose nanocrystal microencapsulation to improve encapsulation efficiency and stability of entrapped fruit anthocyanins

Abstract For improving stability of fruit anthocyanins (ACN), this study investigated the use of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as a macroion crosslinking agent to develop blueberry anthocyanin extract (BB)-loaded chitosan (CH)-CNC microcapsules, and compared with CH-sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) ones. The yield of microcapsules (∼6.9 g) and total monomeric anthocyanin recovery (∼94%) were significantly (P
Accuracy of spirometers used in primary care

Background: Spirometry is used to diagnose obstructive lung disease (OLD); since primary care providers manage most patients with OLD, accurate office spirometers are required. The accuracy of primary care spirometers is variable (Liistro, G. et al. Chest 2006; 130:657-665). Objectives: 1. Assess accuracy of primary care office spirometers. 2. Quantify changes in PFT categorization attributable to variations in office spirometers. Methods: Sixteen spirometers were tested using 8 ATS waveforms (5 tests each) delivered by a computer-controlled pulmonary waveform generator (PWG). Spirometers were judged inaccurate if mean results deviated from predicted FEV1 and FVC values by >100 mL or 3.5% and predicted FEV1/FVC by >3.5%; one accuracy error was allowed. Clinical significance of the accuracy errors was determined by applying the percent deviation from the target value for FEV1/FVC ratio for ATS waveform 17 (an obstructive pattern) to 3934 clinical spirograms with obstruction from a hospital PFT lab. The change in spirometry categorization was determined. Results: One of 16 spirometers tested met specified accuracy criteria; 11 instruments were inaccurate in measuring FEV1, 15 for FVC and 10 for FEV1/FVC. All inaccurate instruments overestimated FEV1/FVC ratio (error range 3.6-6.6%). This degree of inaccuracy resulted in 18.6% to 30.9% of spirograms to be re-categorized from obstructed to non-obstructed. Conclusions: Most of the primary care office spirometers tested were not accurate. The magnitude of the accuracy errors resulted in significant changes in the categorization of patients with obstruction.
Compact 8 lane integrated ROSA with low optical loss 1:8 optical de-multiplexer for 400GbE application

A compact 8 lane Integrated ROSA with low optical loss 1:8 Optical de-multiplexer is developed. The package size is 22.3 mm × 12.0 mm × 5.3 mm. The total optical insertion loss is estimated to be 1.0dB.