cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASAS Centennial Paper: future research in physiology and endocrinology.

Over the next quarter century in North America, the following eventualities are likely for physiology and endocrinology research with agricultural animals. 1) Total funding adjusted for inflation will change little but will come less from public sources, and most of that will be in the context of human health. Much of the privately funded research will be herd specific and remain proprietary. 2) The numbers of MS, PhD, and postdoctoral students probably will decrease, but research in the context of credentialing will remain important. 3) Resources such as expanded databases in genomics and proteomics, and remarkable new tools such as small inhibitory RNA will continue to become available, likely at a faster rate than in the previous 25 yr. 4) The huge amounts of data from production agriculture will make agricultural animals ideal models for some kinds of basic research, such as studying fetal programming, resulting in synergy with more applied research. Most of these experimental animals will be in private production herds and flocks, even when work is publicly funded. 5) The trend toward more interdisciplinary research will continue, especially considering interactions among reproduction, health, nutrition, selective breeding, management factors, and societal concerns; reductionist research probing deeper into cellular and molecular mechanisms will remain important, as will whole-animal approaches. 6) Agricultural animals are a product of evolution plus selective breeding. Insights drawn from the former will aid progress in the latter. One focus of research in physiology and endocrinology will be understanding heterosis, inbreeding depression, and epigenetic effects as it becomes possible to manipulate and identify the allelic structure of individual animals. 7) Additional insightful concepts will evolve that will simplify thinking in some respects, such as the maternal to embryonic shift in transcribed RNA in early embryos; however, animal biology will turn out to be even more complex than most of us currently imagine.
The Role of MIG/CXCL9 in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

T lymphocytes play a critical role in chronic rejection of transplanted hearts, or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). However, the molecular mediators of T lymphocyte recruitment in CAV are incompletely defined. We hypothesized that the chemokine, monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG/CXCL9), which induces T lymphocyte migration in vitro, participates in T lymphocyte recruitment in CAV. In a previously characterized MHC II-mismatched murine model of CAV, intragraft MIG/CXCL9 gene transcript and protein levels increased on days 7, 14, and 24 days after transplantation, paralleling T lymphocyte recruitment and preceding intimal thickening. Antibody neutralization of MIG/CXCL9 significantly reduced CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration and intimal thickening in this model. MIG/CXCL9 was produced by graft-infiltrating MOMA-2+ macrophages in early and late stages of CAV. And, although T lymphocytes did not produce MIG/CXCL9, recipient CD4+ T lymphocytes were required for sustained intragraft MIG/CXCL9 production and CAV development. These findings demonstrate that 1) MIG/CXCL9 plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, 2) MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of MIG/CXCL9, and 3) recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained MIG/CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model. Neutralization of the chemokine MIG/CXCL9 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic rejection after heart transplantation.
Measurement-related problems in functional assessment.

Key Word: activities of daily living evaluation Occupational therapists, like other rehabilitation professionals, have accepted ordinal raw scores as a sL(fficient basisfor developing evaluation tools. This paper summarizes problems common~v found in eval­ uation methods based on summing ordinal raw item scores and demonstrates how Rasch measurement models provide a solution to the construction of cali­ brated (linear) measures. Rasch measurement models are contrasted with Stellens's lax definition oj measurement and Cull­ man 's unreasonab~v rigid requireme11ls. The simple Rasch model is a probabilistic formulation or the fun­ damental requireme11lsfor additive linear measure­ ment. This formulation retains Cultman's concept or order, but construes it probabilisticaIZ)!, making it nei­ ther too lax (random) nor too rif!,id. IX/hen a measure is based on a theoJ1' or what counts as an obseruation of more or less ofsam'ething, Rasch measurement models are usejiAlfor constructing valid measures
Gregarina niphandrodes n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) from adult Tenebrio molitor (L.) with oocyst descriptions of other gregarine parasites of the yellow mealworm.

Gregarina niphandrodes, a new species of septate eugregarine, is described from the adult mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. Measurements given are means in μm. Gamonts in association. Nuclear diameter consistent, 35.5. Primite: protomerite hemispherical; length 59.5; width 91.2; deutomerite ovoid; length 173.4; width 145.6; total length 232.9. Length of protomerite/total length index 25.7. Length of deutomerite/total length index 74.3. Length of protomerite/length of deutomerite index 35.4. Width of protomerite/width of deutomerite index 63.5. Satellite: protomerite hemispherical; length 40.2; width 81.6; deutomerite ovoid; length 177.4; width 113.9; total length 217.6. Length of protomerite/total length index 19.0. Length of deutomerite/total length index 81.0. Length of protomerite/length of deutomerite index 23.8. Width of protomerite/width of deutomerite index 76.7. Gametocysts spherical, diameter 225, producing multiple oocyst chains under dry storage in 36–52 h. Oocysts very uniform in shape and size, dorsum doliform with angles squared by enclosing sheath, length 8.8, width 5.5; flattened dorsoventrad with mesad tumidus, pleuron height 2.2. Morphological measurements, indices, and oocyst descriptions are given for G. cuneata, G. polymorpha and G. steini.
Rethinking classical trade analyses within a framework of capitalist development

A classical trade theory which comprises Smith's 'productivity theory', Ricardo's reasoning against the Corn Laws, Torrens's argument for extended colonisation, and Mill's recommendation to 'send capital abroad', is advanced. It portrays England's economic expansion in the nineteenth century. Lacunae exist, however, because of these economists' belief in the automatic spread of industries to the 'agricultural countries', and their inattention to the economic advances made by the 'late-coming' capitalist countries as well as the impact of England's capital exports on the 'capital-importing' countries. Subsequent researches which address these and which relate to current debates on theories and policies are discussed. 1996 Academic Press Limited
The Performance of Bobwhite Quail Fed Diets Containing Lactobacilli

Abstract Two experiments were conducted each consisting of two trials. Day-old Bobwhite quail were fed a starter diet containing a microbial preparation of Lactobacilli. In both experiments the experimental diets were fed for 5 weeks. No significant differences in growth, feed efficiency, or mortality were found between the control and Lactobacilli supplemented diets. Mortality was higher than normal within all treatments but unaffected by treatment.
Categorical representation and recognition of oscillatory motion patterns

Many communicative behaviors in the animal kingdom consist of performing and recognizing specialized patterns of oscillatory motion. Here we present an approach to the representation and recognition of these oscillatory motions based on the categorical organization of a simple sinusoidal model having very specific and limited parameter values. This characterization is used to specify the types and layout of computation for recognizing the patterns. Results of the method are demonstrated with real oscillatory motions showing the viability of a structured categorical framework.
Time-domain characterization of interconnect discontinuities in high-speed circuits

Experimental techniques to characterize typical interconnect discontinuities such as bends and steps, based on time-domain reflection (TDR) measurements, are formulated. These interconnect discontinuities are characterized in terms of general lumped/distributed circuit models which are compatible with CAD simulation tools such as SPICE. The results for the model element values are shown to be consistent with frequency-domain lumped equivalent models for microstrips derived from S-parameter measurements and electromagnetic computations based on the excess inductance and capacitance concepts. The models are also validated by simulating their step response on SPICE and comparing them with the TDR data. >
Continuous resource monitoring for self-predicting DBMS

Administration tasks increasingly dominate the total cost of ownership of database management systems. A key task, and a very difficult one for an administrator, is to justify upgrades of CPU, memory and storage resources with quantitative predictions of the expected improvement in workload performance. Current database systems are not designed with such prediction in mind and hence offer only limited help to the administrator. This paper proposes changes to database system design that enable a Resource Advisor to answer "what-if" questions about resource upgrades. A prototype Resource Advisor built to work with a commercial DBMS shows the efficacy of our approach in predicting the effect of upgrading a key resource-buffer pool size-on OLTP workloads in a highly concurrent system.
Design and fabrication of a novel microfluidic nanoprobe

The design and fabrication of a novel microfluidic nanoprobe system are presented. The nanoprobe consists of cantilevered ultrasharp volcano-like tips, with microfluidic capabilities consisting of microchannels connected to an on-chip reservoir. The chip possesses additional connection capabilities to a remote reservoir. The fabrication uses standard surface micromachining techniques and materials. Bulk micromachining is employed for chip release. The microchannels are fabricated in silicon nitride by a new methodology, based on edge underetching of a sacrificial layer, bird's beak oxidation for mechanically closing the edges, and deposition of a sealing layer. The design and integration of various elements of the system and their fabrication are discussed. The system is conceived mainly to work as a "nanofountain pen", i.e., a continuously writing upgrade of the dip-pen nanolithography approach. Moreover, the new chip shows a much larger applicability area in fields such as electrochemical nanoprobes, nanoprobe-based etching, build-up tools for nanofabrication, or a probe for materials interactive analysis. Preliminary tests for writing and imaging with the new device were performed. These tests illustrate the capabilities of the new device and demonstrate possible directions for improvement.
Direct evidence that a human antibody derived from patient serum can promote myelin repair in a mouse model of chronic-progressive demyelinating disease

SPECIFIC AIMThis study was designed to provide direct evidence that an antibody present in human serum is capable of inducing remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of demyelinated animals. The selected serum was shown in a previous study to induce significant myelin repair after a single 0.5 mg bolus treatment of SJL/J mice chronically infected for 6–10 months with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus. To test the hypothesis that repair was induced by antibody, a monoclonal human IgM antibody derived from a predominant antibody found in the patient serum was generated by DNA-mediated gene transfer. The monoclonal antibody was compared to serum antibody fractions for its ability to bind myelinated structures in the CNS, induce calcium signals in glial cells in culture, and induce myelin repair in a mouse model of chronic-progressive demyelinating disease.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Generation of a human monoclonal IgM antibody by DNA-mediated gene transferThe DNA sequence of a predominant antibody...
Language in the Court

A recent development in the social sciences is to treat language as a medium of social action and as a topic of investigation, rather than as merely a vehicle of communication and a resource to be used in carrying out research. Traditionally, researchers have regarded language as a nuisance whose inexact properties must be remedied in designing a coding format or interview schedule and in fitting subjects' responses to the format or schedule. Now, under the influence of contemporary intellectual developments in ordinary language philosophy, speech act theory, ethnography of speaking, ethnomethodology, and sociolinguistics, students are exploring how language is deeply implicated in social activities and is therefore itself deserving of systematic research attention. Thus, actual discourse has begun to be studied in casual, everyday situations and in medical, educational, and legal settings as well. Of the institutional areas, probably legal ones have received the least attention from language scholars, but the lack is rapidly being repaired. Atkinson and Drew's Order in Court,' Bennett and Feldman's Reconstructing Reality in the Courtroom, 2 and O'Barr's Linguistic Evidence3 represent respectively the efforts of two sociologists, two political scientists, and an anthropologist, all of whom examine the structure of spoken discourse in courtroom trials. These books offer much that is interesting, if not provocative, for the student of language and for the practitioner of law. They do exhibit how inchoate this particular kind of research enterprise is: the researchers sometimes claim more than is warranted from their findings (O'Barr), they exaggerate the significance of the phenomenon described (Bennett and
On the value of simple stoichiometry to ALife simulations using EcoSim

Simulation software is vital to ALife research. It is known that stoichiometry is important for modeling real world ecosystems. However, most currently available ALife simulators ignore stoichiometry mechanics. Of course, not all ALife research is trying to model life as it is found on earth. In this paper, we demonstrate the value of including simple stoichiometry in ALife simulation software. Through extensive simulation results, we show that it is worthwhile even in simulators far removed from modeling real organisms on earth. Including simple stoichiometry allows agents to fill niches in a complex food web instead of all directly competing for the same resources. This increases the adaptability, survivability, robustness, and diversity of the simulated agents. Consequently the simulator is more powerful and will ultimately yield more intelligent agents.
Application of Weyl-Heisenberg and affine-groups to scattering

Signals which are generated from radar echoes contain features which display time-like or frequency-like character. The time-like behavior is generated by strong specular returns while the frequency-like is caused by resonances. In order to study these phenomena it is often necessary to go beyond the normal frequency transform and pole extraction techniques and search for methods that treat time and frequency in the same footing. These techniques can be found in the coherent and affine state representation of signals. These representation are based on the structure of group theory and are generated by the symmetries of the underlying operations. Groups are characterized by a set of operations which form the multiplication table and representations which reproduce the group operations. The particular groups which are of interest are the continuous groups having unitary representations. A number of properties of these groups are global and are true for all applications. They are discussed in the article.
Pulse power driven high power traveling wave tube amplifiers

Results on the development of a two-stage, high-efficiency, high-power 8.76-GHz severed traveling wave tube amplifier are presented. Peak powers of more than 400 MW have been obtained over the complete electron beam duration, with a conversion efficiency from the electron beam to microwave energy of 45%. The maximum, single-frequency, average output power was 210 MW, corresponding to an amplifier efficiency of 24%. The severed amplifier showed an asymmetric sideband-like structure in the frequency spectrum of the microwave radiation. Theoretical analysis and simulation are used to examine the device performance. A substantial number of electrons are found to be accelerated in the slow wave structure. >
Intracellular recording from hippocampal CA1 interneurons before and after development of long-term potentiation.

Abstract Synaptic efficacy is modified following a brief train of high frequency stimulation (HFS) to a cell's afferent fibers (long-term potentiation, LTP). Modulation of synaptic efficacy could be achieved through changes in excitability of interneurons. To test this hypothesis, we used the in vitro hippocampal slice to record intracellularly from CA1 basket cell interneurons before and following a period of HFS to fibers in stratum radiatum. Stimulation of stratum radiatum consistently produced action potential discharge in the basket cell interneuron prior to the discharge of a population spike in stratum pyramidale. This result is consistent with findings that basket cells may receive direct excitatory afferent input from neurons extrinsic to the CA1 region, and mediate a powerful feed-forward inhibition. Interneuron responses were recorded under 3 expeimental conditions, in which stimulus intensity was varied. The level of basket cell excitability, as assessed by responses to orthodromic input, was not decreased following a train of HFS. Rather, the evoked EPSP in basket cells was often enhanced following high frequency stimulation to the cell's afferent fibers. These findings support the notion that decrement in basket cell activity is not responsible for LTP in CA1 hippocampus.
In the Aftermath of the Storm: English Learners in the Post-227 Era

Abstract In 1998, California passed a voter initiative—Proposition 227—that severely restricted the use of primary language for instructional purposes, and instead provided a transitional program of “structured English immersion” that was not normally to last more than one year. Now more than two years after the passage of Proposition 227, the pundits and the policymakers are anxiously making pronouncements about its effects on California's English learners. However, the numerous reform efforts underway in California, and the limitations of existing data, make it impossible to draw conclusions about the independent effects of the passage of Proposition 227 on the academic achievement of English learners. Contrary to the political statements and shoot-from-the-hip analyses being touted in the press, the achievement scores of California's English learners yield little evidence of long term benefits for these students.
CHARACTERIZATION AND CLONING OF TRIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE II FROM THE FRUIT FLY, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Abstract We describe the characterization, cloning, and genetic analysis of tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) fromDrosophila melanogaster. Mammalian TPP II removes N-terminal tripeptides, has wide distribution, and has been identified as the cholecystokinin-degrading peptidase in rat brain. Size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography produced a 70-fold purification of dTPP II activity from Drosophila tissue extracts. The substrate specificity and the inhibitor sensitivity of dTPP II is comparable to that of the human enzyme. In particular, dTPP II is sensitive to butabindide, a specific inhibitor of the rat cholecystokinin-inactivating activity. We isolated a 4309-base pairdTPP II cDNA which predicts a 1354-amino acid protein. The deduced human and Drosophila TPP II proteins display 38% overall identity. The catalytic triad, its spacing, and the sequences that surround it are highly conserved; the C-terminal end of dTPP II contains a 100-amino acid insert not found in the mammalian proteins. Recombinant dTPP II displays the predicted activity following expression in HEK cells. TPP II maps to cytological position 49F4-7; animals deficient for this interval show reduced TPP II activity.
Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Asian buffalo leech (Arhynchobdellida : Hirudinidae), and confirmation of human-mediated dispersal of a congener to the Caribbean

A new species of the genus Hirudinaria from Thailand is distinguished from its congeners by the dorsal colour pattern and reproductive structures. Scanning electron microscopy provided novel information on the jaw morphology of Hirudinaria bpling, sp. nov. and also of the previously described Hirudinaria manillensis. During the study, the genus name Hirudinaria in reference to leeches was found to be a homonym and, in this case, precedence is reversed. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA as well as the mitochondrial genes 12S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I, supported the new species as nested within the monophyletic genus Hirudinaria. Two individuals from the Caribbean, nominally identified as H. manillensis, included in the phylogenetic analyses were strongly supported as members of that species.
A scheme for speech processing in automatic speaker verification

Experiments investigating adaptive pattern recognition in automatic speaker verification are reported. A binary decision confirming or rejecting a speaker's purported identity is required. The experiments involve 7000 phrase length utterances of 118 speakers. An average misclassification rate of one percent with a "no decision" rate of ten percent is obtained. Other experiments indicate that the utterances used for training purposes should preferably be collected over a relatively long period of time.
Coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and progressive localized scleroderma.

• In this article, we describe a patient with progressive localized scleroderma, who subsequently developed pemphigus vulgaris on the previously affected sclerodermatous skin, and on the oral mucosa, the nasal mucosa, the laryngeal mucosa, and the scalp. The coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris with localized scleroderma and the histopathologic documentation of pemphigus vulgaris arising on a sclerodermatous skin have not been previously reported. Whether this is a random association or an association based on common immunologic pathomechanisms in pemphigus and localized scleroderma may be important in understanding these diseases. ( Arch Dermatol . 1989;125:1555-1557)
Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy Treatment Outcome Research in Pediatric Populations

Reviewed treatment interventions for pediatric populations involving the combination of pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy or either treatment employed alone. The literature revealed a dearth of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome studies, with the exception of investigations of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Issues pertaining to design, including sample selection, treatment integrity and comparability, and placebo controls also are reviewed. A potpourri of other issues are noted including parental attitudes toward the use of medication versus psychotherapy, treatment adherence, and patient/provider relationship. For children diagnosed with ADHD, the use of stimulant medication appears to be superior to psychotherapy employed alone in managing the behavior of these children as well as their classroom functioning. Recommendations are made for multimodal trials that examine the combined and individual use of pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies for various developmental and psychiatric disorders that occur in childhood and adolescence. Future studies also need to address the durable effects of these treatment options.
Geometric Transformations via Matrix Multiplications Using Hardware/Software Co-design

The standard methods of transformations of a geometric object in n-dimensional space are often expressed in the form of an n x n matrix multiplication by the an n x 1column vector, where the n x n matrix and the vector represent the transformation and the point in the homogeneous coordinate system respectively. This enable us to represent a series of transformations in terms of a single composite transformation in the resulting product matrix of each sequent transformation through the matrix maultiplications, where each individual matrix may be a translation, rotation, or scaling, or the cobinations of all the above. Therefore the matrix multiplications play an important role in such operation. In this paper, we first study the computational complexicity of matrix multiplications. Then we employ the hardware/software codesign on the matrix multiplications during their intensive computationally processes. In our codesign, we exploit the highly parallel nature of matrix multiplications, which cannot be exploited in our purely software implementation[4]. The hardware part of our codesign system is responsible for performing the arithmetic operations. This includes the matrix multiplier and adder, which perform concurrent multiplication and addition operations of matrix multiplication. Our matrix multiplier and adder are modeled in VHDL and runs on an ARC-PCI FPGA board
Tissue Characterization by Spectral Analysis of Ultrasound Video Images

Tissue characterization utilizing the estimated spectra of reflected ultrasound beams has been performed almost exclusively with the radio frequency (rf) ultrasound detected by the transducer. The advantages of this technique include maximum frequency resolution, limited only by the digitizing hardware utilized, and independence from most operator adjustable variables on the standard ultrasound b-scan imager. Hie disadvantages include the need for specially designed equipment and the difficulty with which it is operated.
Caledonian Newspapers Ltd. (Abridged)

In December 1990, a banker reassesses a borrower that, at the time of its leveraged buyout 18 months earlier, seemed to have such a promising future. Now the borrower is in severe financial distress. The tasks for the student are to evaluate competing proposals for restructuring the firm and to recommend a course of action for the bank. This is the "stand-alone" version of the second part of a two-case sequence. Students should not be exposed to this case until they have finished discussing the A case (UVA-F-1012).
Landscape Change As Recorded By the Ocean Shore Railroad

This study focuses on the eroding bench of the Ocean Shore Railroad (1907-1920) along the central California coast. Investigation of the remnant feature demonstrates the impacts of landscape change on the human timescale. Topographic maps and georeferenced aerial photographs aid in the first digital registration of the coastal rail sections. Sixty locations at the northern end of the study area provide site-specific rates of erosion. The geographic information systems-based effort reveals a 66.7 km route divided among steep, hillslope- and terrace-dominated sections where natural and anthropogenic processes have shifted land cover from railway to roadway, open, agricultural, and developed spaces. For the 60 erosion assessment locations, only 25 % of the 1928 rail bench width remains after 82 years and, in areas repurposed for the Pacific Coast Highway (1936-1957), only 38 % of the 1956 road bench width remains after 54 years. The highest estimates of erosion are greater than 0.6 m yr-1. These erosion values do not reflect episodic mass wasting, highlighting the limited utility of steady erosion rates in land-use decision.
Quantifying diet breadth through ordination of host association

Many areas of research in ecology and evolutionary biology depend on the quantification of dietary niche width. For herbivorous insects, diet breadth has most often been measured as simply the number and type of host plant taxa attacked. We propose an index of host range (which we refer to as "ordinated diet breadth") based on observed associations between plants and insects, and the calculation of multivariate distances among plants in ordination space. Similarities and distances are calculated based on host association and, in this context, potentially encompass multiple properties of plants, including phytochemistry, phenology, and other plant traits. This approach can distinguish between herbivores that utilize suites of hosts that are commonly used together and herbivores that attack unusual host combinations, and thus have a relatively broad diet breadth. For illustration, we use a data set of nymphalid butterfly host records, and compare taxonomic and ordinated host range. For a large number of butterfly taxa, we find that host use is clustered in multivariate space with respect to associations observed across all of the butterfly taxa. Applications are discussed, including a hypothesis test of nonrandom host association, and prediction of shifts and expansions of diet breadth.
Bioethicist or Philosopher King

Danis and colleagues (Danis, Wilson, and White 2016) fault bioethicists for insufficient action toward addressing racism and racially motivated violence, then proceed to assign them an expansive ro...
Antipicornavirus Compounds: Use of Rational Drug Design and Molecular Modelling

The discovery of antipicornavirus activity associated with disoxaril 1 and related compounds, and the elucidation of the 3-dimensional structure of human rhinovirus-14 and −1A has lead to the use of rational drug design in the search for more potent and broad spectrum agents. The use of volume maps based on the X-ray conformation of these compounds in human rhinovirus-14 has revealed space filling requirements for activity for this serotype which has been confirmed by the use of the programme CoMFA. The principle interactions of the compounds within the binding site appear hydrophobic in nature. These studies have shown that maximum occupancy of the binding site is associated with good antiviral activity.
Growth-Orientation in Emerging Economies: Towards Path Dependence of Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Why don’t developing economies display at least the same level of orientation towards growth as developed economies? In response to this research question, I develop the proposition that developing...
PATTERNS OF ALLOZYME RELATIONSHIPS COMPARED WITH MORPHOLOGY, HYBRIDIZATION, AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY IN ALLOPATRIC ISLAND-DWELLING MOSQUITOES.

Allozyme relationships were compared with morphology, interspecific hybridization, and geologic history in 14 closely-related species in the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris subgroup. The phylogeny generated by the electrophoretic data was generally in agreement with morphological classifications except that one morphologically distinct species pair (A. alcasidi and A. malayensis) showed only populational differentiation and several nearly identical morphological pairs in Polynesia (e.g., A. pseudoscutellaris and A. polynesiensis) were very distant genetically. A molecular clock, based on the ratio between genetic distance and divergence time (one unit of Nei's distance = 11 million years) inferred from a dated geologic event, was used to compare zoogeography, morphology, and biochemical relationships. Genetic distances between species from the Solomon Islands and the Vanuatu-Polynesia area correspond to an early Pliocene separation of these areas. An invasion of Micronesia occurred approximately 5 million years ago. Most remaining speciation occurred during the mid-Pliocene as islands moved into their present-day positions. The close relationship between southeast Asian and Philippine species could have resulted from the recent onset of isolation in the Pleistocene. Interspecific hybridization potential was not significantly correlated with Nei's genetic distance. Many quite distantly related species readily hybridize, while some closely related pairs show only unidirectional compatibility. Slight interspecific morphological divergence and the independence of hybridization capabilities from phylogeny are not unexpected in a group in which species are allopatric and occupy similar habitats.
Menaechmi: A Serious Comedy

It is not at all unusual for even the staunchest admirers of Plautus to feel that his plays lack genuine seriousness. His skill, his wit, his robust gaiety, above all his showmanship are recognized for their excellence. They always hit the mark. And yet he is characterized as an entertainer only, a classical George S. Kaufman.Even Erich Segal in his illuminating study, Roman Laughter: The Comedy of Plautus, for all his enthusiastic admiration of Plautus, seems uneasy about judging his achievement as anything more than masterful popular entertainment. Plautus deserves our attention, he writes, because he ‘was the most successful comic poet in the ancient world …. And yet few scholars of the last century have been willing to examine Plautus for what he undeniably was — a theatrical phenomenon’; and he concludes, ‘His art does not give rise to “thoughtful laughter” …. For True Comedy should banish all thought — of mortality and morality’. Segal willingly compares Plautus with Aristophanes and Moliere (he mentions Shakespeare only to dismiss the possibility of comparison as unreasonable), and surely no one would write of either as only theatrical phenomena, banishing all thought.
A priori and a posteriori analyses of multi-species turbulent mixing layers at supercritical-p conditions

A database of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) representing mixing of species under supercritical pressure (supercritical-p) conditions has been created for the purpose of understanding the modelling of ∇p(φ), ∇ · q(φ) and ∇ · jα(φ) in the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The analysis consists of two separate parts. The activities of all terms appearing in the LES equations are first evaluated, and the dominant terms for each of the transport equations are identified. These data are used to check whether the standard LES assumptions ∇p(φ) = ∇p(φ), ∇·q(φ) = ∇·q(φ) and ∇·jα(φ) = ∇·jα(φ), which are routinely used for atmospheric-p flows, continue to be valid also in the realm of supercritical-p conditions. Having found that these assumptions do not hold under supercritical-p conditions, alternative modelling strategies for these terms are proposed, and their accuracy with respect to the standard LES assumptions is assessed through a priori and a posteriori analyses.
Fluid–Structure Interaction Modeling for Fatigue-Damage Prediction in Full-Scale Wind-Turbine Blades

This work presents a collection of advanced computational methods, and their coupling, that enable prediction of fatigue-damage evolution in full-scale composite blades of wind turbines operating at realistic wind and rotor speeds. The numerical methodology involves: (1) a recently developed and validated fatigue-damage model for multilayer fiber-reinforced composites; (2) a validated coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework, wherein the 3D time-dependent aerodynamics based on the Navier–Stokes equations of incompressible flows is computed using a finite-element-based arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian–variational multiscale (ALE–VMS) technique, and the blade structures are modeled as rotation-free isogeometric shells; and (3) coupling of the FSI and fatigue-damage models. The coupled FSI and fatigue-damage formulations are deployed on the Micon 13M wind turbine equipped with the Sandia CX-100 blades. Damage initiation, damage progression, and eventual failure of the blades are reported.
Basic cutaneous surgery

Basic surgical procedures are an integral part of the practice of dermatology. Instruction in basic cutaneous surgery is required of dermatology residency programs, and surgical procedures occupy a significant portion of the practicing dermatologist's time. This paper reviews the basic surgical techniques of fusiform excision, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and curettage and briefly mentions the use of chemical destruction as it relates to these modalities. These techniques provide the basis for treatment of a multitude of benign and malignant lesions. Familiarity with the use, indications, and contraindications of each technique allows the appropriate choice of treatment for a given lesion, to ensure optimal outcome and minimize the chance of complications.
Consideration on the Time-Based Evaluation of the Traffic Information Prediction

In offer of the traffic information to the drivers, it is the big factor that decides quality of the traffic information whether the traffic information and conformity with the real condition experienced by a drivers. The OD time is useful information because the drivers can know the time of arrival to the destination. However only using the real-time traffic information, it is different from the time of arrival to display at origin and the time of arrival at destination because it can’t consider the change of traffic condition when they arrive at the destination. So it is generally to raise the benefit of the drivers with the traffic information prediction that can decrease the difference. But now (in particularly the prediction) in evaluating the quality of the traffic information, there are methods to evaluate the traffic jam but not any effective methods to evaluate the traffic information with link travel time. This article suggests the method of evaluating the quality of the prediction with the RMSE in addition to the standard deviation and considers the quality of the traffic information prediction that can offer useful information to the drivers.
Classical complement pathway activation in the nasal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Background Complement plays a major role in inflammatory diseases, but its involvement and mechanisms of activation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not known. Objectives After earlier studies discovering autoantibodies in patients with CRS, we sought to investigate the nature, extent, and location of complement activation in nasal tissue of patients with CRS. Specifically, we were interested in whether antibody-mediated activation through the classical pathway was a major mechanism for complement activation in patients with CRS. Methods Nasal tissue was obtained from patients with CRS and control subjects. Tissue homogenates were analyzed for complement activation products (ELISA–C5b-9, C4d, activated C1, and C5a) and major complement-fixing antibodies (Luminex). Tissue sections were stained for C5b-9, C4d, and laminin. Antibodies were purified with protein A/G columns from nasal polyps (NP), matching patient serum, and control serum and assayed for basement membrane binding by means of ELISA. Results C5b-9 levels were significantly increased in NP tissue compared with uncinate tissue (UT) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and those with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; P P P P P P P Conclusion Levels of C5b-9, C4d, and activated C1 were significantly increased locally in NP tissue. C5b-9 and C4d were almost universally deposited linearly along the basement membrane of NP tissue. Furthermore, activated C1 levels were best correlated with local immunoglobulin and C5a levels. Together, these data suggest that the classical pathway plays a major role in complement activation in patients with CRS.
Drugs Used in Acquaintance Rape

Objective To describe gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), flunitrazepam, and ketamine and their purported uses to facilitate acquaintance rape. Patient presentation characteristics, treatment regimens, processes to detect the presence of the medications by toxicology screening, and methods to avoid exposure are discussed. Data Sources MEDLINE search from 1985 to 1998; additional references found within the articles; information obtained from the Internet. Study Selection Clinical trials, reviews, and press releases concerning the use of GHB, flunitrazepam, and ketamine to facilitate acquaintance rape. Trials and reviews describing clinical effects, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and usage trends were evaluated. Literature judged to be pertinent by the author was included in the discussion. Data Extraction/Data Synthesis Reports of the use of GHB, flunitrazepam, and ketamine in acquaintance rape appear in the medical literature and lay press. Many health care professionals may not be familiar with these medications, and information about caring for patients under their influence is limited. Victims lose their ability to ward off attackers, develop amnesia, and are unreliable witnesses. Because symptoms caused by these agents mimic those of alcohol, not all victims are screened for their presence. Legislative efforts to further limit the use of or access to GHB, flunitrazepam, and ketamine have been initiated at the state and federal levels. Pharmacists should know the symptoms of exposure to the three agents; they should understand treatment regimens, methods to detect the presence of these and other drugs that may have been used in a sexual assault, and techniques individuals can use to avoid becoming victims of drug-assisted acquaintance rape. Conclusion Because of their extensive drug knowledge and frequent access to patients, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to educate patients and other health care professionals about the dangers of acquaintance rape drugs and methods to reduce their risk of becoming victims.
Stevens Institute of Technology—Preparing the Next Generation of Pharmaceutical Professionals

In response to a perceived lack of graduate offerings in practical pharmaceutical industry skills that allow recent bachelor’s graduates or young working professionals to hone their abilities and to target their focus specifically towards the pharmaceutical industry, especially in the area of commercial production, Stevens Institute of Technology created the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Engineering (PME) graduate program to provide educational opportunities for the significant pharmaceutical population in the northern New Jersey/metro New York area, as well as worldwide via online offerings. Currently, the program offers two 4-course graduate certificates in (1) Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, and (2) Validation, Compliance, and Quality in the Pharmaceutical Industry, and a 10-course (30 credits) Master of Science degree in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.
Asymptotic theory of circular polarization memory

We establish a quantitative theory of circular polarization memory, which is the unexpected persistence of the incident circular polarization state in a strongly scattering medium. Using an asymptotic analysis of the three-dimensional vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) in the limit of strong scattering, we find that circular polarization memory must occur in a boundary layer near the portion of the boundary on which polarized light is incident. The boundary layer solution satisfies a one-dimensional conservative scattering VRTE. Through a spectral analysis of this boundary layer problem, we introduce the dominant mode, which is the slowest-decaying mode in the boundary layer. To observe circular polarization memory for a particular set of optical parameters, we find that this dominant mode must pass three tests: (1) this dominant mode is given by the largest, discrete eigenvalue of a reduced problem that corresponds to Fourier mode k=0 in the azimuthal angle, and depends only on Stokes parameters U and V; (2) the polarization state of this dominant mode is largely circular polarized so that |V|≫|U|; and (3) the circular polarization of this dominant mode is maintained for all directions so that V is sign-definite. By applying these three tests to numerical calculations for monodisperse distributions of Mie scatterers, we determine the values of the size and relative refractive index when circular polarization memory occurs. In addition, we identify a reduced, scalar-like problem that provides an accurate approximation for the dominant mode when circular polarization memory occurs.
Process-oriented diagnosis of tropical cyclones in high-resolution GCMs

AbstractThis study proposes a set of process-oriented diagnostics with the aim of understanding how model physics and numerics control the representation of tropical cyclones (TCs), especially their intensity distribution, in GCMs. Three simulations are made using two 50-km GCMs developed at NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The two models are forced with fixed sea surface temperature (AM2.5 and HiRAM), and in the third simulation the AM2.5 model is coupled to an ocean GCM (FLOR).The frequency distributions of maximum surface wind near TC centers show that HiRAM tends to develop stronger TCs than the other models do. Large-scale environmental parameters, such as potential intensity, do not explain the differences between HiRAM and the other models. It is found that HiRAM produces a greater amount of precipitation near the TC center, suggesting that associated greater diabatic heating enables TCs to become stronger in HiRAM. HiRAM also shows a greater contrast in relative humidity and surface l...
Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study

Bazyler, CD, Mizuguchi, S, Zourdos, MC, Sato, K, Kavanaugh, AA, DeWeese, BH, Breuel, KF, and Stone, MH. Characteristics of a national level female weightlifter peaking for competition: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3029-3038, 2018-This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period. The athlete first trained for a regional championship (weeks 1-12), followed by a local competition (weeks 13-23) and the national championship (weeks 24-28). Body mass, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and unloaded and loaded squat jump performance were assessed weekly during each 4-week competition phase. Serum biomarkers and dynamic midthigh pulls were assessed before and after each competition phase. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the regional championship (total = 200 kg) and the local competition (total = 193 kg), but not the national championship (total = 196 kg). She lost more body mass in preparation for Nationals (-6.0 kg) compared with regionals (-2.5 kg) and the local competition (+2.2 kg). Vastus lateralis CSA very likely decreased after Nationals (precision = 99%, effect size = 2.08). Her testosterone:cortisol ratio likely increased (88%, 2.64), whereas interleukin-6 (79%, 2.47) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (81%, 3.59) likely decreased after Nationals. Serum myostatin (99%, 1.95) and decorin (99%, 1.96) very likely decreased after the local competition. Unloaded squat jump height likely increased the week of regionals (89%, 0.95) and the local competition (99%, 1.83), whereas unloaded and loaded squat jump height possibly (69%, 0.99) and likely (82%, 1.52) decreased the week of Nationals. Dynamic midthigh pull vertical displacement likely increased after regionals (93%, 0.84) and likely decreased after Nationals (94%, 0.87). These findings indicate that biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy are related to changes in training volume-load; however, performance measures are needed to assess competition preparedness. Considering the reductions in muscle CSA corresponding with the large reductions in body mass and underperformance at the national championship, sport scientists, and coaches should instruct weightlifters to not attempt large losses in body mass (e.g., >3 kg) close to competition (e.g., <1week).