cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal−Metal Bonding in Mixed Valence Ni25+ Complexes and Spectroscopic Evidence for a Ni26+ Species

Dinickel(II) complexes of the ligands N,N‘-di-p-anisylformamidinate (DAniF) and N,N‘,N‘‘-triphenylguanidinate (TPG) have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized, along with their one-electron-oxidized analogues. In both systems, the Ni−Ni distances become shorter by ∼0.1 A upon oxidation, in accord with the proposal that the resulting Ni25+ complexes are appropriately described as having one electron removed from a metal-based σ* orbital and an overall Ni−Ni bond order of 1/2. Although conventional DFT calculations on the model compounds Ni2(HNCHNH)4 and [Ni2(HNCHNH)4]+ appear to predict that the lowest energy state of the latter species would have one unpaired electron in an essentially ligand-based orbital. A single-point calculation of Ni2(DAniF)4 employing the geometry of its crystal structure with the full ligand included reveals a reversal of the previously predicted order of the HOMO and HOMO-1, and suggests that the unpaired electron in [Ni2(DAniF)4]+ is in a metal-based orbital of...
Activation of sexual behavior in male rats by combined subcutaneous and intracranial treatments of 5α-dihydrotestosterone

When given peripherally, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, the major androgenic metabolite of testosterone, is relatively less effective than testosterone in activating sexual behavior of castrated male rats. In order to test the possible central nervous system effects of dihydrotestosterone more directly, we castrated Long-Evans rats, gave them a behaviorally subthreshold dose of dihydrotestosterone placed subcutaneously in Silastic capsules (ScDHT), and then additionally treated the rats with intracranial implants of crystalline dihydrotestosterone (IcDHT, N = 12), testosterone (IcT, N = 12), or cholesterol (IcCHOL, N = 10) placed in the medial preoptic area. The peripheral ScDHT treatment maintained sexual organ weights of castrated males at levels comparable to those of intact males, but did not in itself significantly activate mating behavior. The addition of IcT or IcDHT to this treatment regimen significantly increased the number of males displaying mounting behavior, intromissions, and ejaculatory behavior (P less than 0.05) compared to males with IcCHOL implants. There were no significant differences between the group given IcT and the group given IcDHT. Results of this study support the hypothesis that the nonaromatizable androgen 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone can act in the rat brain to influence male sexual behavior. In addition, these data lead us to suggest that the relative ineffectiveness of dihydrotestosterone versus testosterone when given systemically may reflect differences in bioavailability of these hormones to the brain following such treatment.
Évaluation d’un protocole de limitation des indications de cystographie dans les infections urinaires fébriles

Resume Objectifs L’indication d’une cystographie apres une premiere infection urinaire febrile (IUF) n’est plus systematique, cependant le depistage des reflux vesico-ureteraux (RVU) de haut grade (≥ III) reste important pour l’avenir renal des malades. Apres avoir instaure un protocole local limitant les indications de cystographies apres une IUF, nous avons voulu verifier qu’il n’induisait pas de sous-diagnostic des RVU de haut grade. Patients et methodes Etude retrospective comparant le nombre de RVU diagnostiques sur 2 periodes de 1 an, chez des enfants âges de 1 mois a 18 ans ayant ete pris en charge par le service des urgences pediatriques du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Reims pour une premiere IUF. La premiere (periode 0) ou tous les malades avaient une cystographie et la seconde (periode 1) ou elle n’etait realisee que chez les enfants ayant une procalcitonine superieure a 1 ng/L ou une anomalie renale echographique. Resultats Durant la periode 0, les 100 enfants inclus ont eu une cystographie et 7 RVU de haut grade ont ete diagnostiques. Durant la periode 1, 102 enfants ont ete inclus, 52 cystographies ont ete realisees et 8 RVU de haut grade ont ete diagnostiques. Les RVU de bas grade (I et II) ont ete moins souvent depistes, sans consequences pour les enfants. Conclusion Ce protocole a permis, sans sous-diagnostiquer les RVU de haut grade, une diminution de 40 % des prescriptions de cystographie. Le nombre de cystographies normales est malgre tout reste eleve.
A note on testing in Aalen's additive hazards regression models

Aalen's additive hazards regression model is a useful alternative to the proportional hazards model for censored data regression. When used to compare treatments this approach leads to weighted comparisons of the crude estimate of the hazard rate of each group as compared to a baseline group. This is contrasted to the weighted log rank test from the proportional hazards model which compares each treatment's rate to the pooled rate. We show in this brief note that Aalen's suggestion for weights in this test leads to inconsistent tests in the sense that the test statistic depends on which group we pick for a baseline group. We show that 'consistent' tests are obtained by using common weight functions for all comparisons and we make some suggestions.
Application And Clinical Evaluation Of A Sensitometric System In A Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

This paper discusses long-term results obtained using sensitometry techniques for monitoring radiograph processing in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. The elema and cine radiographic films are processed automatically in a Profexray and Combilabor processor, respectively. Techniques are described for quality control and reproducibility of both cine and elema radiographs. Comparisons are made of radiographs developed prior to implementation of the sensitometric system and after implementation. Automated continuous temperature monitoring is discussed as an additional tool for recording developer - bath temperature fluctuations. Trouble shooting hints are presented to aid in distinguishing between processor and x-ray equipment as the source of radiographic problems. Suggestions are also provided for implementing a sensitometric system in departments using radiographic films.
The social location of those holding antihomosexual attitudes

Using data from a 1985 national sample of over 2300 adults, an index of attitudes toward homosexuality was created from 13 different questions. Respondents were more likely to hold antihomosexual attitudes if they were politically conservative, religious, older, less educated, male, married or widowed, or from the South. The effects of religiosity were less pronounced among black respondents. In addition, middle-aged respondents were more liberal than younger or older respondents if they were college educated or black.
An observation of the effect of grain structure on the appearance of kirkendall porosity

Study of substitutional diffusion in thoriated and nonthoriated nickel alloys, particularly in several nominally Ni-20Cr-2ThO2:Ni type diffusion couples diffused at 1530 K. Upon metallographic examination, one DS-NiCr:Ni couple had negligible Kirkendall pore formation while the other couples contained significant porosity. It is believed that the difference in Kirkendall porosity is related to the unique grain structure of the particular lot of DS-NiCr used in this diffusion couple.
Cheat-proof peer-to-peer trading card games

In trading card games (TCGs), players create a deck of cards from a subset of all cards in the game to compete with other players. Each card in the deck has some feature or ability that may be used strategically to help a player defeat her opponent. Recently, trading card games have been moving from physical cards to digital, online versions. We propose a cheat-proof peer-to-peer protocol for implementing online trading card games. We break down actions common to all TCGs and explain how they can be executed between two players without the need for a third party referee (which usually requires an unbiased server). In each action, the player is either prevented from cheating or if they do cheat, the opponent will be able to prove they have done so. We conclude by showing how these methods are secure and how they may be intermixed for other styles of TCGs and other peer-to-peer games.
Communications: Effects of Formulation Variables on the Pulmonary Delivery of Insulin

AbstractThe effects of some formulation variables on the pulmonary absorption of insulin in presence of a bile salt, sodium glycocholate (NaGC), have been described in this report. Relationship between intratracheally administered insulin dose and pharmacodynamic response has been established. The data obtained from this study revealed that an increase in the viscosity of an aqueous formulation administered to pulmonary sacs can facilitate insulin absorption probably due to reduced mucocilliary clearance. A hypertonic formulation produced similar overall hypoglycemic effect to the isotonic solution. On the other hand, hypotonicity elicited significantly improved hypoglycemic response, probably due to membrane damage. The cumulative hypoglycemic effect of intratracheally administered insulin has been linearly correlated with the logarithmic doses.
The Lie Bracket of Adapted Vector Fields on Wiener Spaces

Let W.M/ be the based (at o2 M/ path space of a compact Riemannian manifold M equipped with Wiener measure": This paper is devoted to considering vector fields on W.M/ of the form X h.ae/ D Ps.ae/hs.ae/ where Ps.ae/ denotes stochastic parallel translation up to time s along a Wiener path ae 2 W.M/ and fhsgs2(0;1) is an adapted To M-valued process on W.M/: It is shown that there is a large class of processes h (called adapted vector fields) for which we may view X h as first-order differential operators acting on functions on W.M/. Moreover, if h and k are two such processes, then the commutator of X h with X k is again a vector
Social and clinical factors associated with psychiatric emergency service use and civil commitment among African-American youth ☆

Purpose: We examined the social and clinical factors associated with arrival status (e.g., involuntary versus voluntary) and civil commitment decisions in psychiatric emergency services (PES) to assess African-American youths' help-seeking patterns and entree into care. Methods: Patient recordswerereviewedfor1621African-American youthfromaninner-city PESbetweenOctober2001andSeptember2002. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the social and clinical factors associated with arrival status (e.g., involuntary vs. voluntary admission) and case disposition among youth who were involuntarily and voluntarily admitted (e.g., disposition upheld vs. dismissed). Results: Low-income youth with behavior disorders were less likely to arrive voluntarily to PES. Medical insurance, suicidality, DSM diagnosis, substance involvement, Global Assessment of Function (GAF) scores and time of day the youth arrived to PES were predictors of voluntary arrival. Older age and GAF scores significantly predicted the decision to uphold an involuntary commitment. Age (younger age less likely), higher GAF scores, insurance status, substance abuse involvement and arrival time (evening shift) significantly predicted the decision to uphold a voluntary decision. Implications: Our findings suggest that psychiatric and nonpsychiatric factors influence both how African-American youth arrive to PES and the decisions made regarding their voluntary/involuntary commitment.
Developing Schemas for the Location of Common Web Objects

This study examined where individuals expect specific web-related objects to be located on a typical web page, as well as compared any schematic differences between novice (less than one year of web experience) and experienced (more than three years of web experience) users for the location of these objects. The web objects examined were: grouping of links that internally connect web pages within the same website, grouping of links that lead to web pages that are external to a website, link to the homepage, internal search engine, and advertisement banner(s). The results suggest that users do have definable expectations concerning the location of these web objects, and these expectations are generally created early (less than one year) in the users' experience with the Web.
Moments of regression F-statistics under non-normality

Assuming the errors to be non-normal with finite moments, the mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of the null distribution of the F-statistics in a linear regression model (while testing a subset, or all the coefficients to be equal to zero) are derived to the order O(1/n2), where n is the sample size. It is found that non-normality of errors has insignificant effect on the mean. The variance is sensitive to kurtosis but insensitive to skewness of the error distribution. The extent of his sensitivity depends upon the kurtosis-type measure of non-normality of the “test” regressors.The test regressors are the ones for whose coefficients are tested to be zeroes. In contrast, both skewness and kurtosis of the F-statistics are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis of the error distributions. Again, the extent of this sensitivity depends upon the skewness and kurtosis-type measures of non-normality of the test regressors. These effects are all of order O(l/n), so that they are negligible in larg...
Food-Web Models Predict Species Abundances in Response to Habitat Change

Plant and animal population sizes inevitably change following habitat loss, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. We experimentally altered habitat volume and eliminated top trophic levels of the food web of invertebrates that inhabit rain-filled leaves of the carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. Path models that incorporated food-web structure better predicted population sizes of food-web constituents than did simple keystone species models, models that included only autecological responses to habitat volume, or models including both food-web structure and habitat volume. These results provide the first experimental confirmation that trophic structure can determine species abundances in the face of habitat loss.
Building Verifiable Sensing Applications Through Temporal Logic Specification

Sensing is at the core of virtually every DDDAS application. Sensing applications typically involve distributed communication and coordination over large self-organized networks of heterogeneous devices with severe resource constraints. As a consequence, developers must explicitly deal with low-level details, making programming time-consuming and error-prone. To reduce this burden, current sensor network programming languages espouse a model that relies on packaged reusable components to implement relevant pieces of a distributed communication infrastructure. Unfortunately, programmers are often forced to understand the mechanisms used by these implementations in order to optimize resource utilization and performance, and to ensure application requirements are met. To address these issues, we propose a novel and high-level programming model that directly exposes control over sensor network behavior using temporal logic specifications, in conjunction with a set of system state abstractions to specify, generate, and automatically validate resource and communication behavior for sensor network applications. TLA+ (the temporal logic of actions) is used as the underlying specification language to express global state abstractions as well as user invariants. We develop a synthesis engine that utilizes TLC (a temporal logic model-checker) to generate detailed actions so that user-provided behavioral properties can be satisfied, guaranteeing program correctness. The synthesis engine generates specifications in TLA+, which are compiled down to sensor node primitive actions. We illustrate our model using a detailed experimental evaluation on our structural sensing and control testbed. The proposed framework is integrated into the COSMOS macroprogramming environment, which is extensively used to develop sensing and control applications at the Bowen Lab for Structural Engineering at Purdue.
Survival of Aporrectodea caliginosa and its effects on nutrient availability in biosolids amended soil

Abstract Few earthworms are present in production agricultural fields in the semi-arid plains of Colorado, where earthworm populations may be constrained by limited water and/or organic matter resources. We conducted a 12-week laboratory incubation study to determine the potential of a non-native endogeic earthworm ( Aporrectodea caliginosa ) to survive in a low-organic matter Colorado soil (1.4% organic C content), supplemented with or without biosolids, and to determine the effects of A. caliginosa on soil microbial biomass and soil nutrient availability. A factorial design with three main effects of A. caliginosa , biosolids addition, and time was used. Data was collected through destructively sampling at one, two, four, eight, and twelve weeks. During the 12-week study, 97.5% of the worms in the soil survived, and the survival of the earthworms was not significantly affected by the addition of biosolids. The addition of biosolids, however, did significantly reduce the gain in mass of the earthworms (8% mass gain compared to 18% in soil without biosolids). The presence of A. caliginosa significantly increased soil NH 4 -N, and NO 3 -N concentrations by 31% and 4%, respectively, which was less than the six fold increases in both soil NH 4 -N, and NO 3 -N concentrations supplied from biosolids. Microbial biomass carbon was not affected by A. caliginosa , but microbial biomass N was affected by an earthworm × biosolids interaction at week 1 and 12. We concluded that A. caliginosa can survive in a low-organic matter Colorado soil under optimal moisture content and that once established, A. caliginosa can provide modest increases in inorganic N availability to crops Colorado agroecosystems.
The Gift of an Anthropologist A‐Juma‐Wi/Atsuge‐Wi Lessons and Legends

I have implied that Susan Brandenstein Park has returned a “gift” to me and to my people, but it is much more than that to me. She could not have known that whenever I study her notes I remember being a small child sitting in the dust at the feet of my elders, listening to their thoughts that spilled over into a narration—of the creation, of Silver Grey Fox, of Coyote, of the coming of the first white people. My father always moved me closer toward them, gently nudging me in the back. After I put my fingers into their huge, soft hands, they usually patted me on the head, then continued their conversations. An unexplainable feeling wrapped itself around me, and I listened. As an adult that same feeling consumes me whenever I am greeted by an old person who is genuinely happy to see me. It is almost like having a surprise for a birthday that I forgot, or like looking into the eyes of my children when they were first born. I cry. Not of pain, but of completeness. To explain a fragment of this emotional encounter is one of the purposes of my present effort. Should the greater public look upon my people as a very necessary part of the puzzle of life and understand that we have been systematically and unnecessarily dehumanized by the thrust of Manifest Destiny and progress, then I will consider both Susan's and my efforts as partially satisfied. Consulting with my elders and poring over Susan's original field notes with her, I have attempted to present the voice of my people. Should academics receive these narratives with enthusiasm, then both Susan and I shall consider ourselves as a team that began mending a basket, abandoned as the cavalry rode into our nation and a careless horse crushed its design. That we alone can re-create that design is doubtful, but with the combined efforts of my concerned people, we can. And we cannot begin that re-creation without the assistance of sincerely committed individuals of our society and concerned academics who, with the power of words and language, have the capacity to move the most stubborn event to action.
Monitoring Device Safety in Interventional Cardiology

Objective: A variety of postmarketing surveillance strategies to monitor the safety of medical devices have been supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but there are few systems to automate surveillance. Our objective was to develop a system to perform real-time monitoring of safety data using a variety of process control techniques. Design: The Web-based Data Extraction and Longitudinal Time Analysis (DELTA) system imports clinical data in real-time from an electronic database and generates alerts for potentially unsafe devices or procedures. The statistical techniques used are statistical process control (SPC), logistic regression (LR), and Bayesian updating statistics (BUS). Measurements: We selected in-patient mortality following implantation of the Cypher drug-eluting coronary stent to evaluate our system. Data from the University of Michigan Consortium Bare-Metal Stent Study was used to calculate the event rate alerting boundaries. Data analysis was performed on local catheterization data from Brigham and Women's Hospital from July 1, 2003, shortly after the Cypher release, to December 31, 2004, including 2,270 cases with 27 observed deaths. Results: The single-stratum SPC had alerts in months 4 and 10. The multistrata SPC had alerts in months 5, 10, and 18 in the moderate-risk stratum, and months 1, 4, 7, and 10 in the high-risk stratum. The only cumulative alerts were in the first month for the high-risk stratum of the multistrata SPC. The LR method showed no monthly or cumulative alerts. The BUS method showed an alert in the first month for the high-risk stratum. Conclusion: The system performed adequately within the Brigham and Women's Hospital Intranet environment based on the design goals. All three cumulative methods agreed that the overall observed event rates were not significantly higher for the new medical device than for a closely related medical device and were consistent with the observation that the initial concerns about this device dissipated as more data accumulated.
The application of microbubbles for targeted drug delivery

Interest in microbubbles as vehicles for drug delivery has grown in recent years, due in part to characteristics that make them well suited for this role and in part to the need the for localized delivery of drugs in a number of applications. Microbubbles are inherently small, allowing transvascular passage, they can be functionalized for targeted adhesion, and can be acoustically driven, which facilitates ultrasound detection, production of bioeffects and controlled release of the cargo. This article provides an overview of related microbubble biofluid mechanics and reviews recent developments in the application of microbubbles for targeted drug delivery. Additionally, related advances in non-bubble microparticles for drug delivery are briefly described in the context of targeted adhesion.
RELEASE OF THROMBOPLASTIN AFTER THERMAL INJURY

Summary Microcirculatory flow following a severe burn is hindered by the formation of aggregates of erythrocytes which frequently completely fill the lumena of small arteries, arterioles, and venules. On the arterial side, clusters of cells are often too large to enter branching vessels; large aggregates grow from smaller clusters, and vessels fill with packed, adherent erythrocytes for some distance proximal to divarications. However, if erythrocytes enter capillaries, they move independently of other erythrocytes and are transformed into hollow paraboloids as they are in the absence of trauma to tissue or in the absence of infused thromboplastin. The hypothesis that aggregation of erythrocytes is caused either directly or indirectly by release of thromboplastins from damaged tissue is based upon the following evidence: 1) Following a severe burn the observed phenomena in cinephotographic film recorded at conventional film speeds and up to 3200 frames per sec, are similar to those observed following the infusion of thromboplastin. 2) Changes in clotting and fibrinolytic components following a severe burn can be duplicated by the infusion of canine thromboplastin. The most pronounced alteration is the shortening of the Stypvin time which is highly dependent upon the concentration of phospholipids. 3) Complete fibrinogenolysis results in improvement in microcirculatory flow following a severe burn and following the infusion of thromboplastin, indicating that an altered fibrinogen, or possibly fibrin, is involved in the adherence between erythrocytes in both experimental conditions.
Perceived stigma, self-blame, and adjustment among lung, breast and prostate cancer patients

People who suffer from disease have often been stigmatised. The internalisation of stigma leads to the experience of self-blame. The relationship among stigma, self-blame and adjustment was framed with two theoretical perspectives: the looking-glass self and learned helplessness models. These models were studied in 96 lung, 30 breast and 46 prostate cancer patients. Consistent with the looking-glass-self model, we predicted that perceived stigma and self-blame would be associated with poorer psychological adjustment; the data supported these hypotheses. Consistent with the learned helplessness model, we predicted that self-blame would mediate the link between perceived stigma and psychological adjustment; data supported these hypotheses. The mediation model explained a greater percentage of the variance in adjustment in the lung cancer sample compared to the breast and prostate cancer sample. Participants who reported internal causal attributions reported poorer psychological adjustment. Lung cancer patients were more likely than breast or prostate cancer patients to report internal causal attributions for their cancer. Future research and cancer care are discussed in light of these findings.
Fecal Indicator Bacteria Levels Do Not Correspond with Incidence of Human-Associated HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA Genetic Marker in Two Urban Southern California Watersheds

The variability of levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and a human-associated genetic marker (HF183) during wet and dry weather conditions was investigated at two urban coastal watersheds in Southern California: Santa Monica Canyon channel (SMC) and Ventura Harbor, Keys, and Marina. Seventy-eight to 86 % of the samples collected from SMC sites exceeded standard water quality standards for FIB (n = 59 to 76). At SMC, HF183 was present in 58 % of the samples (n = 78) and was detected at least once at every sample site. No individual site at SMC appeared as a hotspot for the measured indicators, pointing to a likely chronic issue stemming from urban runoff in wet and dry weather. In Ventura, the Arundell Barranca, which drains into Ventura Harbor and Marina, was a source of FIB, and HF183 was most frequently detected off of a dock in the Marina. Rainfall significantly increased FIB levels at both SMC and Ventura; only at Ventura did HF183 detection increase with wet weather. Sample locations that were high in FIB were geographically distinct from the sites that were high in HF183 in Ventura, which supports the importance of measuring host-associated parameters along with FIB in chronically impaired watersheds to guide water quality managers in pollution remediation efforts.
Perspectives of African Americans on Lung Cancer: A Qualitative Analysis

Background. Disparities in incidence and mortality for lung cancer in African Americans are well documented; however, the extent to which disparities reflect differences in patient perceptions of tobacco and lung cancer treatment is unclear. The objective of this study was to explore African Americans’ knowledge of lung cancer, perceived risk, interest in smoking cessation, attitudes toward lung cancer treatment, and lung cancer diagnosis and treatment experiences. Patients and Methods.The cohort comprised 32 AfricanAmericancurrentandformersmokerswithoutacancerdiagnosis who participated in focus groupsand10 African Americans with lung cancer who participated in in-depth interviews.Transcripts were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results. Participantswithoutacancerdiagnosiswereawareof the link between smoking and lung cancer, the common symptoms of the disease, and its poor prognosis. They desired specific, personalized smoking-cessation information. If diagnosed, the majority reported, they would seek medical care. Mostbelievedthatinsuranceandsocioeconomicfactorswere more likely to affect treatment access than racial discrimination. Participants with a cancer diagnosis were also aware of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. They felt their treatment plans were appropriate and trusted their physicians. Most did not believe that race affected their care. Conclusion.This qualitative study suggests that AfricanAmerican smokers are aware of the relationship between smokingandlungcancerandareinterestedinsmoking-cessation treatment.These data also indicate that lung cancer disparities are unlikely to be associated with differential willingness to receive care but that African Americans may perceive financial andinsurancebarrierstolungcancertreatment.TheOncologist 2015;20:393–399
Deep Vein Thrombosis Propylaxis: Better Living Through Chemistry-Affirms

Increasing numbers of total joint replacement surgeries are being performed in the United States. One of the most frequent complications from these procedures is venous thromboembolism. Prophylaxis is accepted as the standard of care by all the stakeholders: physicians, patient advocacy groups, payers, and government agencies. Debate and disagreement persist with regard to the most clinically efficacious and safe prophylaxis regimen. There are differences between the guideline recommendations from different organizations: American College of Chest Physicians and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. This review focuses on summarizing some of the differences in the recommended chemoprophylaxis for orthopedic patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery. We have also included a discussion of newer agents in clinical development.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation enhances stroke volume and cardiac output during dynamic exercise

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. We tested the hypotheses that dietary supplementation with DHA (2 g/day) + EPA (3 g/day) enhances increases in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) and decreases in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during dynamic exercise. Healthy subjects received DHA + EPA (eight men, four women) or safflower oil (six men, three women) for 6 weeks. Both groups performed 20 min of bicycle exercise (10 min each at a low and moderate work intensity) before and after DHA + EPA or safflower oil treatment. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SV, CO, and SVR were assessed before exercise and during both workloads. HR was unaffected by DHA + EPA and MAP was reduced, but only at rest (88 ± 5 vs. 83 ± 4 mm Hg). DHA + EPA augmented increases in SV (14.1 ± 6.3 vs. 32.3 ± 8.7 ml) and CO (8.5 ± 1.0 vs. 10.3 ± 1.2 L/min) and tended to attenuate decreases in SVR (−7.0 ± 0.6 vs. −10.1 ± 1.6 mm Hg L−1 min−1) during the moderate workload. Safflower oil treatment had no effects on MAP, HR, SV, CO or SVR at rest or during exercise. DHA + EPA-induced increases in SV and CO imply that dietary supplementation with these fatty acids can increase oxygen delivery during exercise, which may have beneficial clinical implications for individuals with cardiovascular disease and reduced exercise tolerance.
An Empirical Classification of Motivations for Domestic Violence

National survey research suggests that males and females are equally likely to perpetrate domestic violence, but surveys have not examined the interpersonal context or motivation for domestic violence. The questioning of identified partner assaulters suggests that females use violence for self-defense and escape, whereas males use violence to exercise control, punish, or demand attention. The perception of perpetrator violence, however, appears also to be a function of the gender of the individual appraising the violence. Six male and 6 female adult nonperpetrators sorted into categories the stated motivations for domestic violence of 215 male and 66 female court-referred perpetrators. Factor analysis revealed (a) motivations common to all: control, anger expression, and coercive communication; (b) motivations specific to gender of perpetrator: retaliation, self-defense, escape, and punishment; and (c) motivations specific to gender of perpetrator and sorter: alcohol use and response to verbal abuse.
An Analysis of Normal and Abnormal Left Atrial Pressure Pulse in Man

Pressure pulses were obtained under direct vision, in the left atrium of subjects without clinical evidence of cardiac disease and in patients with mitral valvular disease, after exposure of their hearts during the course of surgical intervention. It was found that the c wave is produced by valvular closure and the subsequent fall of pressure during early ventricular systole (x wave) is related to atrial relaxation. Evidence is presented that mitral incompetence cannot be determined from direct atrial recordings, unless the Degrees of insufficiency is of great magnitude.
A Rab Effector Called the Exocyst and Related Vesicle Tether Complexes

Vesicular transport between membrane-bounded organelles requires, in most cases, a large multi-subunit protein complex that serves in the initial recognition of the target compartment by the vesicle, a step commonly termed tethering. Four different tethers that act at four different stages of membrane traffic exhibit a common architecture: at least some of their subunits form rod-shaped structures from helical bundles that are stacked in series. These subunits are often linked to each other through coiled-coil domains at their amino termini to form a multi-armed complex. In three cases these tethers are recruited to the membrane by binding to the activated form of a Rab GTPase and in two cases interactions with vesicle coat proteins are thought to play a role in vesicle recognition. Interactions with SNARE proteins on both the vesicle and target membranes suggest possible roles in directing SNARE complex assembly in preparation for membrane fusion. Here, we will review in depth the first of these tethers, the exocyst complex that is required for the exocytic fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane, and then discuss various parallels in both structure and function with the related tethers, COG, GARP, and Dsl, that act on other transport pathways.
Easing the Transition of HIV-Infected Adolescents to Adult Care

Abstract The past two decades have witnessed dramatic reductions in HIV-related morbidity and mortality following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for infants and children. Improved therapeutic outcomes have changed the face of the HIV epidemic and with it the needs of patients and families. Consequently, many perinatally- and behaviorally-infected adolescents are now transitioning to adult care. What follows is a brief review and commentary concerning original research, reviews, and clinical guidelines describing challenges and best practices in facilitating care transitions for HIV-infected youth to adult care. Over 25,000 HIV-infected US youth aged 13–24 years will require transition to adult care within the next decade. Transition planning must address issues of cognitive development and mental health, medication adherence, sexuality, reproductive, and gender identity, socioeconomic and health insurance status, stigma and disclosure, disrupted relationships with pediatric ...
MicroRNA-7 Control of β-Cell Replication

The study of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells transcends the realm of basic biology because of their importance for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. As their autoimmune-mediated destruction or the impairment of their function cause diabetes, the pursuit of strategies for β-cell replenishment and/or replication is a major objective of regenerative medicine. Owing to their slow turnover in humans, the pancreatic β-cells have been traditionally considered postmitotic (1). However, new evidence supports the notion that β-cells can dynamically adapt their mass and number. This is supported, for instance, by the observation of a perinatal burst of β-cell proliferation (2) or the fact that residual β-cells are found in type 1 diabetic patients decades after diagnosis (3). Although most factors behind this adaptation are pathological (e.g., obesity or hyperglycemia), others are physiological (e.g., pregnancy) (4). Animal models offer us a plethora of examples of β-cell regeneration associated with specific interventions, including duct ligation, β-cell ablation approaches, or partial pancreatectomy (4). In this issue of Diabetes , Wang et al. (5) describe the proliferation of β-cells induced by regulation of the mTOR pathway through microRNA-7 (miR-7). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding gene products that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression (6). miRNAs recognize and bind to partially complementary sequences on the RNA’s 3′UTR, inhibiting its expression by translation repression or degradation. …
Functional connectivity in the first year of life in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder: an EEG study

In the field of autism research, recent work has been devoted to studying both behavioral and neural markers that may aide in early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These studies have often tested infants who have a significant family history of autism spectrum disorder, given the increased prevalence observed among such infants. In the present study we tested infants at high- and low-risk for ASD (based on having an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder or not) at 6- and 12-months-of-age. We computed intrahemispheric linear coherence between anterior and posterior sites as a measure of neural functional connectivity derived from electroencephalography while the infants were listening to speech sounds. We found that by 12-months-of-age infants at risk for ASD showed reduced functional connectivity compared to low risk infants. Moreover, by 12-months-of-age infants later diagnosed with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity, compared to both infants at low risk for the disorder and infants at high risk who were not later diagnosed with ASD. Significant differences in functional connectivity were also found between low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go onto develop ASD. These results demonstrate that reduced functional connectivity appears to be related to genetic vulnerability for ASD. Moreover, they provide further evidence that ASD is broadly characterized by differences in neural integration that emerge during the first year of life.
Usefulness of Unenhanced MRI and MR Arthrography of the Shoulder in Detection of Unstable Labral Tears

OBJECTIVE. Shoulder surgeons commonly intervene to repair unstable labral tears (tears that displace with patient movement). Surgeons can detect unstable tears at surgery. It is difficult to be certain if a tear is unstable from a static MR image. This study reports the comparative benefits of using unenhanced MRI and MR arthrography together to detect unstable labral tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred fifty consecutive unenhanced shoulder MRI and MR arthrography examinations performed on the same patients were reviewed retrospectively by consensus reading of two musculoskeletal radiologists. Both unenhanced MRI and MR arthrography were performed on each patient on the same day. Labral tears were assessed. It was also determined if there was any difference in position of the labral tear between unenhanced MR images and MR arthrograms. A change in position of 4 mm or more between unenhanced MR images and MR arthrograms was considered indicative of an unstable tear. All patients proceeded to arthrosc...
Linear antiferromagnetic chain with anisotropic coupling

The exact solution is given for a linear chain of $N$ atoms of spin \textonehalf{} coupled together by the anisotropic Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}=2J\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{N}{i=1}[{{S}_{i}}^{z}{{S}_{i+1}}^{z}+(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha})({{S}_{i}}^{x}{{S}_{i+1}}^{x}+{{S}_{i}}^{y}{{S}_{i+1}}^{y})].$ The energy of the antiferromagnetic ground state is computed and comparison is made with a variational method. The parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is allowed to vary between 0 and 1, regulating the relative amount of Ising anisotropy. The short-range order, $\ensuremath{\Sigma}{i}^{}{{S}_{i}}^{z}{{S}_{i+1}}^{z}$, is calculated exactly from the variation of the ground-state energy with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. It is shown that a kink in the short-range order curve calculated using the variational method is fictitious, and the associated discontinuity in $\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}E}{\ensuremath{\partial}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}}$ is nonexistent. A discussion is given of long-range order and criticisms are presented regarding the predictions of the variational method.
On the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods with Private Information: The Case of 'Weakest-Link' Public Goods

We examine the private provision of a public good whose level is determined by the least contribution of individual group members. Nash equilibrium can be efficient when the game is one of full information. This paper introduces private information about the costs of effort and characterizes equilibrium. In general, many Bayesian equilibria exist and even the "best" is inefficient. Equilibrium comparative statics are derived: improvements in the cost of even only one player benefit all, but riskier cost distributions have an ambiguous effect. Even with "weakest-link" public goods, where similarity of preferences would seem to facilitate coordination, increased heterogeneity (riskier distributions of cost) can increase payoffs. Two mechanisms are provided for improving equilibrium efficiency: technology transfer and cheap-talk communication. While substantial welfare gains are possible, examples show that i) technology transfer may be futile if a "regularity" condition identified herein is not satisfied and ii) cheap talk may be useless if the language for communication is not sufficiently rich.
Zinc has insulin-mimetic properties which enhance spinal fusion in a rat model.

Abstract Background Context Previous studies have found that insulin or insulin-like growth factor treatment can stimulate fracture healing in diabetic and normal animal models, and increase fusion rates in a rat spinal fusion model. Insulin-mimetic agents, such as zinc, have demonstrated antidiabetic effects in animal and human studies, and these agents that mimic the effects of insulin could produce the same beneficial effects on bone regeneration and spinal fusion. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of locally applied zinc on spinal fusion in a rat model. Study Design/Setting Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved animal study using Sprague-Dawley rats was used as the study design. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats (450–500 g) underwent L4–L5 posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF). After decortication and application of approximately 0.3 g of autograft per side, one of three pellets were added to each site: high-dose zinc calcium sulfate (ZnCaSO 4 ), low-dose ZnCaSO4 (half of the high dose), or a control palmitic acid pellet (no Zn dose). Systemic blood glucose levels were measured 24 hours postoperatively. Rats were sacrificed after 8weeks and the PLFs analyzed qualitatively by manual palpation and radiograph review, and quantitatively by micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of bone volume and trabecular thickness. Statistical analyses with p-values set at .05 were accomplished with analysis of variance, followed by posthoc tests for quantitative data, or Mann-Whitney rank tests for qualitative assessments. Results Compared with controls, the low-dose zinc group demonstrated a significantly higher manual palpation grade (p=.011), radiographic score (p=.045), and bone formation on micro-CT (172.9 mm 3 vs. 126.7 mm 3 for controls) (p 3 vs. 126.7 mm 3 ) (p Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential benefit of a locally applied insulin-mimetic agent, such as zinc, in a rat lumbar fusion model. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of local insulin application in the same model, and it appears that zinc has similar effects.
Groups II and III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Differentially Modulate Brief and Prolonged Nociception in Primate STT Cells

The heterogeneous family of G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) provides excitatory and inhibitory controls of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in the nervous...
Overview of Beam-Beam Effects in the Tevatron

For almost a quarter of a century the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider was the centrepiece of the world's high-energy physics program, from the start of operation in December 1985 until it was overtaken by the LHC in 2011. The initial design luminosity of the Tevatron was 1030 cm-2 s-1; however, as a result of two decades of upgrades, the accelerator has been able to deliver 430-times higher luminosities to each of two high-luminosity experiments, Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and D0. On the way to record high luminosities, many issues related to the electromagnetic beam-beam interaction of colliding beams have been addressed. Below we present a short overview of the beam-beam effects in the Tevatron.
Parent and Peer Influences on Emerging Adult Substance Use Disorder: A Genetically Informed Study

The present study utilizes longitudinal data from a high-risk community sample to examine the unique effects of genetic risk, parental knowledge about the daily activities of adolescents, and peer substance use on emerging adult substance use disorders (SUDs). These effects are examined over and above a polygenic risk score. In addition, this polygenic risk score is used to examine gene-environment correlation and interaction. The results show that during older adolescence, higher adolescent genetic risk for SUDs predicts less parental knowledge, but this relation is nonsignificant in younger adolescence. Parental knowledge (using mother report) mediates the effects of parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) and adolescent genetic risk on risk for SUD, and peer substance use mediates the effect of parent AUD on offspring SUD. Finally, there are significant gene-environment interactions such that, for those at the highest levels of genetic risk, less parental knowledge and more peer substance use confers greater risk for SUDs. However, for those at medium and low genetic risk, these effects are attenuated. These findings suggest that the evocative effects of adolescent genetic risk on parenting increase with age across adolescence. They also suggest that some of the most important environmental risk factors for SUDs exert effects that vary across level of genetic propensity.
Value of autopsy emphasized in the case report of a single patient with middle east respiratory syndrome

This commentary highlights the article by Ng et al, emphasizing the need for autopsies to better model infectious diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome.
Influence of strain rate on mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum under uniaxial and biaxial states of stress

A technique is presented for determining mechanical properties of materials under dynamic tensile loads. A Dynapak metalworking machine was modified into a test fixture capable of producing the required dynamic loads for uniaxial and certain biaxial tensile tests. Results from uniaxial dynamic tests on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are presented and compared to “static” data obtained from a universal testing machine. The dependence of tensile strength on strain rate and the augmenting effect of temperature on this dependence can be seen. The results of biaxial tests are described in terms of a modified form of the distortion-energy failure theory.