cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early de novo ovarian carcinoma : a study of fourteen cases

Background. The search for methods of early detection of ovarian carcinoma in recent years has emphasized the lack of information regarding the histologic features of early carcinoma or its precursor lesions; few examples of early de novo ovarian carcinoma have been reported. Methods. The clinicopathologic features of 14 cases of early ovarian carcinoma detected as microscopic findings in grossly normal ovaries retrieved from a consultation practice and the files of the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed. Results. The patients ranged in age from 27–65 years (mean, 50 years). Three women had a family history of ovarian carcinoma and six did not. The tumors ranged from microscopic to 7 mm in greatest dimension; all were unilateral and four were multifocal. One tumor involved the surface and its crypts; four, the surface and superficial cortex; eight, the superficial cortex only; and in one, surface involvement was not ascertainable. Ten carcinomas were serous; one, endometrioid; one, clear cell; and two, poorly differentiated, of undetermined cell type. Severe atypia of the noncarcinomatous surface epithelium or its inclusion cysts was additionally present in three cases. Among the seven patients whose diagnoses were made at the time of oophorectomy who had follow-up data of at least 2 years or until recurrence or death, five were alive without recurrences, one was alive with recurrence, and one died of tumor. Two of the three women died whose ovarian tumors were diagnosed retrospectively on discovery of subsequent peritoneal carcinomatosis, and the third was alive with recurrent tumor. No relation between any clinical or pathologic feature and survival was apparent in this small series except for a suggestion that well differentiated tumors had a good prognosis. Conclusions. These findings document that at least a subset of ovarian epithelial cancers develops de novo. The guarded prognosis associated with these tumors despite their minute dimensions raises questions about the value of current screening techniques for early detection of ovarian cancer.
Chaotic levitated motion of a magnet supported by superconductor

Abstract The forced vertical vibration of a magnet supported by a high temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7, is shown to produce anomalous dynamics, which are quasi-periodic, period doubling, and chaotic oscillations. They are believed to be caused by the nonlinear hysteretic force between the magnet and the superconductor. The system has two routes to chaos. One is the route from quasi-periodic oscillations to chaos and another the route from period doubling oscillation to chaos. The experimentally observed features of both bifurcations to chaotic oscillations are compared to the numerical solutions of a hysteretic force model.
NONPROFIT HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: The Management Challenge

The viability of the low income housing built by nonprofit organizations in US cities hinges on the ability of these groups to maintain and manage it. Nonprofit sponsors and their institutional sup...
Selection of host cell lines for scale-up growth conditions of a recombinant baculovirus vector expressing the measles virus nucleocapsid protein

Various insect cell lines were grown as suspension cultures in spinner vessels and infected with a recombinant baculovirus vector expressing the measles virus nucleoprotein. The highest yields of recombinant protein production were achieved using Trichoplusia ni (BTI-Tn 5B1-4) cells growing as natural aggregates in suspension and cell line Mb as a single cell suspension culture.
Loan Burdens and Educational Outcomes.

Abstract There is widespread concern among educators, policy makers, and students that the current generation of college graduates is being unduly burdened with debt. This study examines the impact of debt on the educational outcomes of recent graduating seniors from a set of private, expensive, highly selective colleges and universities. In particular, I investigate the relationship between borrowing levels and the likelihood of pursuing a graduate degree, a professional degree, and the career plans of the college class of 1998. The central conclusion drawn from this analysis is that students do not appear to be significantly influenced by their debt.
The bitunicate ascus paradigm

The bitunicate ascus paradigm recognized by E. S. Luttrell is reviewed. Species demonstrated to fit the paradigm are listed. Attempts to redefine the bitunicate ascus with functional as well as structural characters are outlined including Chadefaud’sTrois Categories d’Ascomycetes, Sherwood’s Unusual Ascus Types, Bellemere’sCouche Plan, and Eriksson’s Ascus Dehiscence Types. Discussion of related topics include: (1) Characteristics of the bitunicate ascus including sequential wall formation, separation of wall regions at ascospore ejaculation, thenasse apicale, and the “banded pattern” of the secondary wall layer; (2) Ascus morphology types based on characters observable with the light microscope; and (3) Ascostromatic species designated bitunicate that deviate from the bitunicate ascus paradigm and yet are not structurally similar to the unitunicate ascomycetes. The separation of two wall regions at spore ejaculation is recognized as the single criterion for the bitunicate ascus sensu stricto (=fissitunicate).
Rate equations between electronic-state manifolds

Rate equations are derived to describe the interaction with an ensemble of atoms of a number of optical fields having arbitrary polarizations. The fields drive transitions between two manifolds of levels, each manifold consisting of magnetically degenerate fine and hyperfine levels. The rate equations are written in an irreducible tensor notation using a coupled tensor basis for the fields' polarizations, which significantly simplifies the equations. Validity conditions for the rate equations are discussed, an expression for the friction force of laser cooling is given, and specific values for elements of the coupled-basis polarization tensor are tabulated.
Does MRI lend insight into septal enhancement patterns? The significance of conduction defects on EKG

Background Interventricular conduction delay is a progressive problem and in patients with heart failure it portents a poor prognosis, especially LBBB. However, the myopathological etiology of IVCD remains poorly understood. Cardiac MRI (CMR) is a very sensitive method to delineate myocardial tissue abnormalities due to inflammation, ischemia, infarction or infiltration, and the relationship of the presence of any abnormal septal delayed hyperenhancement (DHE) to the conduction system may be important.
Solvatochromic solvent polarity measurements and selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatogrphy

The ET(30) polarity values of binary acetonitrile—water and methanol—water mobile phases, used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, were measured and compared with methylene selectivity (αCH2 for both traditional siliceous bonded phases and for a polystyrene—divinylbenzene resin reversed-phase material. The variation in methylene selectivity for both was found to correlate best with percent organic solvent in methanol—water mixtures, while the ET(30) polarity provided the best correlation in acetonitrile—water mixtures. The polymeric resin column was found to provide higher methylene selectivity than the siliceous bonded phase at all concentrations of organic solvent.
Overshooting Properties of Newton-Like and Ostrowski-Like Methods

theorem that states that the iterate cannot overshoot the largest zero of the derivative of the polynomial. Moreover, the next regular Newton step from the overshoot will be at least as good as a regular Newton step from the last iterate before the overshoot occurred, avoiding the need for backtracking. An entirely analogous result holds for the smallest zero. The theorem appears to have been first discovered by William (Velvel) Kahan in the early 1960s, and then generalized to other functions by Werner Greub (see [2, p. 45]). The result for polynomials can also be found in [6, Theorem 5.9.9] and, with a different proof, in [3]. It is worth pointing out that this theorem does not make any statement about the relative merit of taking a double step when compared to taking a regular Newton step, it only describes what happens if one decides to double the step. This is a fairly remarkable property of Newton's method, but could, perhaps, other methods have similar properties? We will show that the answer is affirmative for an entire class of methods, demonstrating that this property is not a stand-alone fact, but rather that it fits into a larger framework. Here is, in a nutshell, what we have found. In the same way that doubling the step extends Newton's method, different step multipliers will extend the other methods. These other extended methods can then also overshoot the largest zero of the polynomial, and the essence of what we will show here is that they are all tied together by the fact that the first iterate to overshoot the largest zero of the polynomial cannot overshoot the zero of a special function on the interval between the two largest zeros of the polynomial. This special function is specific to the method being considered, but they are all of the same general form. It is this unifying feature which then leads to similar overshooting properties. Throughout the paper we will consider only the case of the largest zero, since the result for the smallest one is, as was already mentioned, entirely analogous. The methods that we consider fall into two categories: "Newton-like," of which Newton's method is the simplest, and "Ostrowski-like," of which Ostrowski's method (sometimes called Ostrowski's square root method) is the simplest. Newton's method was dealt with in previous work as outlined before, but Ostrowski's method was not. The treatment of Newton's method (mainly in [3]) is representative for our treatment here of a general Newton-like method, whereas the result that we will develop here for Ostrowski's method will help us formulate and prove the corresponding result for a general Ostrowski-like method. We first review some basic facts and describe the methods and their extensions in more detail. We then derive the result for Ostrowski's method, after which we will present the general case.
Constraints on the origin of slab and mantle wedge anomalies in Tonga from the ratio of S to P velocities

We examine two prominent upper mantle velocity anomalies in the southwest Pacific, the Tonga slab anomaly and the corresponding overlying mantle wedge anomaly, using data collected during a combined land-sea deployment of temporary seismometers. The linear geometry and small interstation spacing of the instruments yield high-resolution data along a cross section of the Tonga subduction zone, including the actively spreading Lau back arc basin. We estimate the relative variation of P and S velocity, often described as ν = δlnVs/δlnVp, for the slab and mantle wedge anomalies using two distinct methods: a linear regression of the P and S travel time residuals, and detailed modeling of the velocity structure using a three-dimensional finite difference travel time algorithm. The two methods yield similar results, with ν of the slab being 1.1–1.5 and ν of the mantle wedge being 1.2–1.3. These values are consistent with experimental data concerning the effect of temperature on P and S wave velocities in the upper mantle and are lower than what is expected for velocity anomalies generated by the presence of partial melt. These observations imply that either the theoretical estimates of ν for partial melt are too large or very little partial melt is present beneath the Lau basin. In the latter case, melt must be quickly removed from the rock matrix, such that the velocity anomalies are due to increased temperature, and not melt. The bulk of the velocity anomaly in the mantle wedge can be explained by temperature anomalies of 400–600°C because of the amplification of temperature derivatives of seismic velocity by anelastic effects. Such large thermal anomalies, generated by decreased lithospheric thickness and mantle upwelling beneath the fast spreading Lau back arc basin, can still leave the mantle near the solidus, even after accounting for the effect of increased volatile content in the mantle wedge. The lower-amplitude velocity reductions in the deeper wedge are likely related to an increased concentration of volatiles from the subducting slab.
Paternal Alcohol Exposure Affects Offspring Behavior but not Body or Organ Weights in Mice

Male mice consumed liquid alcohol diets containing 20, 10, or 0% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) for 56-61 days. Animals fed the 10 and 0% EDC diets were pair-fed to 20% EDC animals. A nontreated ad libitum group was included to assess the effects of pair-feeding. After treatment, males were bred to nontreated females. Litter size, birthweight, bodyweight at 21 or 55 days of age, and organ weights except for thymus were not affected by paternal alcohol ingestion. There was a dose-related decrease in activity at 20 and 24 days of age in an activity chamber and a dose-related decrease in serum testosterone levels at 55 days of age in male offspring sired by alcohol-consuming males. Offspring sired by males consuming the 20% EDC diet also required fewer trials to learn a passive avoidance task and had longer latencies to reach the choice point in a T maze.
IMMUNOGENIC SUBSTANCES IN CULTURE FILTRATES AND LYSATES OF PASTEURELLA TULARENSIS.

Hatch, Melvin T. (University of Utah, Salt Lake City), and Paul S. Nicholes. Immunogenic substances in culture filtrates and lysates of Pasteurella tularensis. J. Bacteriol. 88:566–573. 1964.—Culture filtrates and lysates of Pasteurella tularensis were tested for immunogenicity in mice subsequently infected with either strain 425 or 425 F4G. The efficacy of the vaccines varied with dosage and was significantly dependent upon methods of preparation. The optimal procedures for the production of an immunologically potent vaccine included: (i) aging the cultures after growth under partial anaerobiosis at 37 C, and (ii) inactivating the cells with phenol or formaldehyde. An unusual “survival phenomenon” was suggested when mice were administered large doses of cell-free vaccines and subsequently large doses of moderately virulent P. tularensis. The data indicated that the filtrates and lysates elicited an immune response sufficient to protect against an active infection with strains 425 or 425 F4G, and that the challenge dose per se stimulated an enhanced immunity. Furthermore, this survival phenomenon was demonstrable when immunized mice were subsequently given massive doses of strain 425 and challenged with approximately 1,000 ld50 of the fully virulent strain Schu. On the basis of our data, we have hypothesized that the protective antigens were released into the suspending medium as a result of alterations in the permeability of cells undergoing either complete or partial enzymatic degradation. We believe that the envelope antigens were released from the cell by mechanisms analogous to those causing leakage of intracellular constituents in cells maintained at an incubation temperature in an unfavorable growth environment.
An algorithm for efficient, unbiased, equation-error infinite impulse response adaptive filtering

An algorithm for efficiently adjusting the coefficients of equation-error infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive filters is described. Unlike the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, the proposed algorithm yields unbiased filter coefficients. Simulations involving the identification of unknown pole-zero systems demonstrate the algorithm's improved performance over the equation-error RLS algorithm. >
Exercise Prescription for a Patient 3 Months After Hip Fracture

Background and Purpose. Most patients with hip fracture do not return to prefracture functional status 1 year after surgery. The literature describing interventions, however, does not use classic overload and specificity principles. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of resistance training to improve functional outcomes in a patient following hip fracture. Case Description. The patient was a 68-year-old woman who had a comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the left hip 3 months previously. She used a cane for ambulation, and her walking was limited. The patient received 16 sessions of lower-extremity strengthening exercises, aerobic training on a stationary bicycle, functional training supervised by a physical therapist, and a home stretching program. Outcome. The patient's isometric muscle force for involved hip extension, hip abduction, and knee extension improved by 86%, 138%, and 33%, respectively; walking endurance increased by 22.5%; balance improved by 400%; balance confidence increased by 41%; and self-reported ability to perform lower-extremity functional activities increased by 20%. Discussion. The authors believe that some patients can perform comprehensive exercise programs after hip fracture and that properly designed programs can affect patient outcomes beyond observed impairments.
Demonstration of displacement–measurement–sensitivity proportional to inverse group index of intra-cavity medium in a ring resonator

Abstract We show that an intra-cavity medium with dispersion modifies the sensitivity of the cavity resonance frequency to a change in its length by a factor inversely proportional to the group index, n g , in the medium. For a positive group index characteristic of the slow-light media, with a very large value of n g , this effect can help in constructing highly frequency-stable cavities for various potential applications without taking additional measures for mechanical stability. For a negative group index characteristic of the fast-light media, with n g close to a null value, this implies enhancement in sensitivity to change in cavity length. This enhancement in turn can be employed to increase the sensitivity of a ring laser gyroscope.
Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial.

The authors randomly assigned 101 adults with chronic low back pain to receive 12 weeks of yoga, 12 weeks of conventional therapeutic exercise classes, or a self-care book. At 12 weeks, the yoga gr...
Input constrained non-equilibrium transient trajectory shaping control for a class of nonlinear systems

In this paper, a non-equilibrium transient trajectory shaping (NETTS) nonlinear control method is presented for a class of single-input-single-output (SISO) strict feedback nonlinear systems, with the control input magnitude and rate of change constraints being considered. Based on a set of Barrier Lyapunov Functions with an input signal constraint pre-estimation mechanism, the non-equilibrium transient trajectory shaping control technique can render the system tracking error transient trajectory travels within a shaped boundary while approaching zero. In such a method, by choosing the chain of barriers and the converging speed properly, the control input magnitude constraint can be met. Control signal continuous approximation and switching buffer size design methods are given as well to accommodate the input rate of change limit. Through a numerical example, the effectiveness of the proposed NETTS control technique is demonstrated by comparisons with different control algorithms.
Recognizing Expressions in a New Database Containing Played and Natural Expressions

We describe a new expression database which contains video sequences of both played and natural expressions and an expression classification system based on warped optical flow fields and texture features. We analyze the systems generalization performance when confronted with subjects that were not present in the training set and its recognition performance when tested on natural expressions. We evaluate several techniques for combining the classifier outputs computed on single images to perform classification of a temporal sequence of expression images.
MEASURING SCOPE AND SCALE EFFICIENCY GAINS DUE TO SPECIALIZATION

Using the non-parametric linear programming approach, this study examines overall efficiency gains due to diversification between crop and livestock enterprises for a sample of Kansas farms. Overall efficiency gains were decomposed into scope efficiency gains and scale efficiency gains. Farms with both crops and livestock were found to be less efficient than farms with just crops or just livestock. Operator age, profit margin, and farm size were significantly related to overall efficiency.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A MONOPROPELLANT POWERED FREE PISTON HYDRAULIC PUMP

A monopropellant powered free piston hydraulic pump (FPHP) was designed as a human scale (1.0 to 3.0 kW) mobile robotics power supply. The FPHP utilized high concentration hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes into hot gas when exposed to a catalyst, as the monopropellant energy source. Energy was extracted from the hydrogen peroxide and transferred directly to hydraulic fluid by expanding the hot decomposition gas in an integrated piston/cylinder arrangement. The prototype FPHP successfully produced 50 W of hydraulic power by pumping hydraulic fluid at an average pressure of 6.5 MPa (940 psi) and flow rate of 0.48 liters/min (0.13
Lessons from Reproductive Technology Research

A plethora of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have come into routine use over the past half century. Some of these procedures were used much earlier experimentally. For example, Spallanzani performed artificial insemination in the dog in the late 1700s, and Heape did successful embryo transfer in the rabbit in 1890. Truly revolutionary tools and concepts important for ART occur at approximately half-decade intervals, for example, recombinant DNA procedures, transgenic technology, somatic cell nuclear transplantation, the polymerase chain reaction, and microRNAs. Similarly, obvious technologies sometimes take decades to come into practical use, such as sexing sperm and in vitro fertilization. I have categorized ARTs into five somewhat arbitrary categories in terms of perceived difficulty and feasibility: (a) when the seemingly possible turns out to be (essentially) impossible, e.g., homozygous, uniparental females; (b) when the seemingly impossible becomes possible, e.g., cryopreservation of embryos and transgenesis; (c) when the seemingly difficult turns out to be relatively easy, e.g., cryopreservation of sperm; (d) when the seemingly easy turns out to be difficult in key species, e.g., in vitro fertilization; and (e) when the seemingly difficult remains difficult, e.g., making true embryonic stem cells. The adage that "it is easy when you know how" applies repeatedly. The boundaries between what appears impossible/possible and difficult/easy change constantly owing to new tools and insights, one of the more important lessons learned. ARTs frequently are synergistic with each other. For example, somatic cell nuclear transplantation has made many kinds of experiments feasible that otherwise were impractical. Another example is that sexing sperm is useless for application without artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. ARTs frequently are perceived as neat tricks and stimulate further thinking. This is useful for both teaching and research.
Molecular motors take tension in stride.

Mechanical tension controls the function of a wide variety of eukaryotic motor proteins. Single-molecule analyses have revealed how some of these proteins sense and respond to tension. The single motor studies on dynein by Reck-Peterson et al. (2006) described in this issue pave the way to understand molecular mechanisms used by this unique machine.
A system for insertional mutagenesis and chromosomal rearrangement using the Ds transposon and Cre-lox.

Summary A system for insertional mutagenesis and chromosomal rearrangement in Arabidopsis has been developed. The TDNA vectors are based on the maize trsnspoeen Ds, Iox sites from the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system, and transcriptional fusions expressing Ac transposese or Cre recombinese. The engineered transposon is termed Dslox. Transposed Dslox insertions were created by crossing plants bearing Dslox with plants expressing Ac transposase, then simultaneously selecting for excision and reinsertion in F 2 seedlings using the herbicides chlorsuifuron and phosphonothricin, respectively. 1=2 plants bearing stable Dslox insertions were identified by scoring for the absence of the Ac transposese T-DNA, using a novel, visual marker in that T-DNA. Two independent Dslox insertions were characterized and placed 5.6 and 16.6 ¢M from their T-DNAIox, which mapped close to m506 on chromosome 4. Plants bearing either of the two different transposed Dsloxs and T-DNAIox were crossed to plants expressing Cre recombinese, which catalyzed recombination between the Iox site in transposed Dslox and the Iox site in TDNAIox. Lox--Iox recombinants were identified selectively amongst progeny of these crosses. Molecular and genetic analysis of the Iox-lox rearrangements indicated that both were inversions. The smaller inversion was germinally transmitted from generation to generation as a simple trait, whereas the larger inversion was not transmitted to progeny of plants bearing the rearrangement.
Application of panospheric imaging to a teleoperated lunar rover

Both vehicle teleoperation effectiveness and on-looker interest is enhanced through the availability of omnidirectional images. For the application of a lunar rover, panospheric imaging has advantages over traditional methods for acquiring a panoramic view. By eliminating moving parts, panospheric imaging and radial camera arrays are more reliable than pan/tilt or panoramic cameras. The wide field of view captured by panospheric optics results in halving the number of cameras which must be flown on the rover, which in turn reduces power and mass budgets, cabling complexity and thermal management issues. In addition, panospheric images distribute more resolution to the horizon and less to the near ground than radial camera arrays, which is more appropriate for an edutainment-based mission. Future work will investigate issues of immersive visualization and display methods, design of optics and algorithms suited for the lunar environment, and terrain reconstruction.
The Photo-Oxidation of Polypropylene Monofilaments: Part III: Effects of Filament Morphology1

The elongation-at-break of highly-oriented polypropylene monofilaments is much less affected by photo-oxidation build-up than undrawn or partially-oriented filaments. This appears to result from th...
Dominance relationships in male Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus).

Objectives Reproductive skew is proposed to link to despotism in dominance hierarchies. While studies illustrating male skew are plentiful, demonstrating the link to despotism is rare. Likewise, it is often unknown which factors (e.g., resource holding potential, age, physical condition) affect a male's dominance rank. Here we investigated correlates of male rank and hierarchy characteristics in Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus), a population with high male reproductive skew, and compared the results to other multi-male groups of nonhuman primates. Methods We collected dyadic displacement interactions from two groups (mean 3.0 and 4.1 adult males) for five years each. We assessed dominance ranks for demographically stable phases (n = 11, n = 28) and analyzed the effects of age and physical condition through linear mixed models (LMM). We analyzed hierarchy characteristics via the program MatMan. We used data from 27 primate groups (cercopithecines, colobines, hominoids) as a comparative sample. Results The highest ranks were attained by adults in one group (LMM, P 0.93) and linearity (mean >0.81) and were relatively steep (mean >0.66) when compared with other species. Discussion Dominance rank followed a pattern predicted by resource holding potential, but other individual attributes and group composition also seemed important. As predicted, hierarchy characteristics indicated a despotic system in line with the strong reproductive skew. Across primates, however, the degree of despotism did not appear to match the degree of reproductive skew. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Discrete Surface Disturbances on Vane External Heat Transfer

A transonic linear vane cascade has been utilized to assess the effects of localized surface disturbances on airfoil external heat transfer coefficient distributions, such as those which may be created by the spallation of thermal barrier coatings. The cascade operates at an overall pressure ratio of 1.86, with an inlet total pressure of about 5 atm. Cascade Reynolds numbers based on axial chord length and exit velocity range from 2.2 to 4.8 · 106. Surface disturbances are modeled with the use of narrow trip strips glued onto the surface at selected locations, such that sharp forward facing steps are presented to the boundary layer. Surface locations investigated include the near leading edge region on either side of the stagnation point, the midchord region of the pressure side, and the high curvature region of the suction side. Heat transfer enhancement factors are obtained for disturbances with engine representative height-to-momentum thickness ratios, as a function of Reynolds number. Enhancement factors are compared for both smooth and rough airfoil surfaces with added disturbances, as well as low and high freestream turbulence intensity. Results show that leading edge heat transfer is dominated by freestream turbulence intensity effects, such that enhancements of nearly 50% at low turbulence levels are reduced to about 10% at elevated turbulence levels. Both pressure and suction side enhancement factors are dominated by surface roughness caused effects, with large enhancements for smooth surfaces being drastically reduced for roughened surfaces.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Hereditary amyloidosis, the flexor retinaculum, and the carpal tunnel syndrome.

This paper describes the first histologic studies of a specific, nonspace-occupying lesion producing the carpal tunnel syndrome. Sixteen patients with the syndrome resulting from Rukavina type hereditary amyloidosis were compared clinically and pathologically with 76 patients having the syndrome for other reasons. In the amyloid group, amyloid replaced retinacular collagen in a unit-by-unit fashion, changes that were not apparent without the use of amyloid stains. Histologically, the changes otherwise were identical with those found with the “idiopathic” carpal tunnel syndrome. In the amyloid group, the male to female ratio was 2:1, and the syndrome was relieved by division of the flexor retinaculum. Hereditary amyloidosis should be suspected if a patient with the carpal tunnel syndrome is male, if the patient has a family history of the syndrome, or if amyloid is present in carpal tissue. Many cases of the “idiopathic” carpal tunnel syndrome may be secondary to age-related structural changes in retinacular collagen having the same functional effect as amyloid deposition. Surgical division of the flexor retinaculum provides excellent therapeutic results in most cases, including those with amyloidosis.
Data-Driven First-Principles Methods for the Study and Design of Alkali Superionic Conductors

We present a detailed exposition of how first-principles methods can be used to guide alkali superionic conductor (ASIC) study and design. Using the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl as a case study, we demonstrate how modern information technology (IT) infrastructure and software tools can facilitate the assessment of alkali superionic conductors in terms of various critical properties of interest such as phase and electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity. The emphasis is on well-documented, reproducible analysis code that can be readily generalized to other material systems and design problems. For our chosen Li6PS5Cl case study material, we show that Li excess is crucial to enhancing its conductivity by increasing the occupancy of interstitial sites that promote long-range Li+ diffusion between cage-like frameworks. The predicted room-temperature conductivities and activation barriers are in reasonably good agreement with experimental values.
Studies in the Efficacy of Motion Graphics

Contemporary digital news packages (packages) frequently embed media elements such as motion graphics alongside the story’s primary content. A motion graphic uses animated two- and three-dimensional computer-generated imagery and typography to present visual explanations of the topic(s) covered by the feature. Graphics editors and other newsroom personnel alike have been increasingly critical of motion graphics because, according to Viera, “many motion graphics are nothing but a set of visual metaphors strung together to support the hypothesis voiced by the narrator”. Using a mixed design study, this paper examines how narrative structure can be imposed upon motion graphics according to the theory of visual narrative grammar in order to provide viewing experiences that resonate with an audience. The findings of the study are capable of advising newsroom personnel of the circumstances under which the narrative structure of motion graphics can be manipulated or maintained for maximum effectiveness within a ...
Removal of the H subunit results in enhanced exposure of the semiquinone sites in the LM dimer from Rhodobacter sphaeroides to oxidation by ferricyanide and by O2

Bacterial reaction centers (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been widely used to functionalize electrodes and to generate photocurrent. However, in most studies, direct electron transfer from the semiquinone to the electrode was not observed because the H subunit of the RC shields the semiquinone. It is demonstrated in the current work that removal of the H subunit effectively exposes the semiquinone sites in the LM dimer. This is demonstrated by measuring the second-order rate constant for the reaction between ferricyanide and the anionic semiquinone Q A − formed by an actinic flash. The rate constant increases 1000-fold for Q A − oxidation by ferricyanide in the LM dimer compared to the intact RC. The second-order rate constant approaches the diffusion limit of 6 × 109 M−1·s−1 at low pH, but it decreases steadily when the pH is above 6.5. This pH dependence suggests that the protonation state of the LM dimer plays an important role in controlling the electron transfer kinetics. It is also shown that the addition of exogenous ubiquinone to replenish the QB site, which is mostly empty in the LM dimer, leads to oxidation of Q A − by O2 following an actinic flash. It is concluded that removal of the H subunit results in exposure of the semiquinone sites of the LM dimer to externally added oxidants and may provide a strategy for enhancing direct electron transfer from the RC to an electrode.
Banish the Boring Bulletin Board.

How often have you put a lot of time and effort into constructing a bulletin board that turns out to be an attractive display, admired when first put up, and then ignored? With just a bit more effort, a bulletin board can be elevated from a passive role to an active aid in mathematics teaching. A bulletin board can be activity oriented. By an activity-oriented bulletin board, we mean one that encourages student participation. The student may, for instance, be asked to rearrange objects on the board, to select an object and place it in its correct position, to create illustrative models, or to perform some other physical activity, all in response to a requested mental activity. In other words, the student is elevated from a looker and reader to a doer. We are reminded of the Chinese proverb that says, "I hear and I forget, I see and I understand, I do and I remember." The activity-oriented bulletin board provides opportunities for exactly the kind of concrete activities that are so important in the learning process. A good activity-oriented bulletin board contains all the positive elements of a good passive bulletin board. Thus, as far as content is concerned, the bulletin board is used to reinforce concepts already presented, to hint at new concepts toward which current work is leading, or to provide enrichment. As far as presentation is concerned, the board is visually appealing colorful, interesting, attractively arranged, stimulating and it uses a variety of materials. And, of course, the bulletin board is fun.
Cross-point memory design challenges and survey of selector device characteristics

In this survey, the design challenges of cross-point memory arrays with emerging nonvolatile memory technologies are discussed. In particular, the write/read scheme for cross-point memory and the associated problems such as voltage drop along interconnect and sneak path current via unselected cells are analyzed. The write voltage margin and power consumption, as well as the read-current sensing margin and latency, are simulated with a voltage-mode sense amplifier for different array sizes and nonlinearity of the selector devices. Finally, state-of-the-art performance and mechanism of selector devices are summarized and they are classified as Type I selector with exponential current---voltage (I---V) characteristics and Type II selector with threshold I---V characteristics. Design challenges and device engineering guidelines are discussed for both types of selector in the summary.
A Digitally Controlled Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator With 3-D-TSV-Based On-Die Solenoid Inductor With a Planar Magnetic Core for 3-D-Stacked Die Applications in 14-nm Tri-Gate CMOS

A fully integrated digitally controlled buck voltage regulator, featuring hysteretic and pulse frequency modulation control for maximum light load efficiency, with 3-D through-silicon-via-based on-die solenoid inductor with a planar magnetic core in 14-nm tri-gate CMOS, demonstrates 111 nH/mm2 inductance density and 80% conversion efficiency. The inductance density demonstrated is 20 $\times $ higher than comparable on-die lateral- or spiral-based inductor densities leading to higher light load efficiency.
Chi Sigma Iota Chapter Faculty Advisors’ Experiences of Professional Counselor Identity

We explored Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) primary chapter faculty advisors’ (CFAs) understandings and experiences of professional counselor identity through the use of interpretative phenomenological analys...
A Simple and Reproducible Method to Prepare Membrane Samples from Freshly Isolated Rat Brain Microvessels

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier tissue that responds to various pathophysiological and pharmacological stimuli. Such changes resulting from these stimuli can greatly modulate drug delivery to the brain and, by extension, cause considerable challenges in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Many BBB changes that affect pharmacotherapy, involve proteins that are localized and expressed at the level of endothelial cells. Indeed, such knowledge on BBB physiology in health and disease has sparked considerable interest in the study of these membrane proteins. From a basic science research standpoint, this implies a requirement for a simple but robust and reproducible method for isolation of microvessels from brain tissue harvested from experimental animals. In order to prepare membrane samples from freshly isolated microvessels, it is essential that sample preparations be enriched in endothelial cells but limited in the presence of other cell types of the neurovascular unit (i.e., astrocytes, microglia, neurons, pericytes). An added benefit is the ability to prepare samples from individual animals in order to capture the true variability of protein expression in an experimental population. In this manuscript, details regarding a method that is utilized for isolation of rat brain microvessels and preparation of membrane samples are provided. Microvessel enrichment, from samples derived, is achieved by using four centrifugation steps where dextran is included in the sample buffer. This protocol can easily be adapted by other laboratories for their own specific applications. Samples generated from this protocol have been shown to yield robust experimental data from protein analysis experiments that can greatly aid the understanding of BBB responses to physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological stimuli.
The First Steps in Seeing

The chase retinas the rain of photons onto cones the rain of photons onto rods night and day how photoreceptors work cell types informing the brain looking seeing.
Anticipating ovarian tissue cryopreservation in the health-care marketplace: a willingness to pay assessment.

The developing fertility preservation technologies offer new options, but not without a cost. As the technologies become integrated into the healthcare marketplace, cost will become an even greater issue. A critical question in this discussion is whether young women and their parents would be willing to pay for insurance to cover the cost of these procedures.
Next‑Generation D 2 ‑Symmetric Chiral Porphyrins for Cobalt(II)‑Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Catalyst Engineering by Distal Bridging

Novel D2 -symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins with alkyl bridges across two chiral amide units on both sides of the porphyrin plane (designated "HuPhyrin") have been effectively constructed in a modular fashion to permit variation of the bridge length. The CoII complexes of HuPhyrin, [Co(HuPhyrin)], represent new-generation metalloradical catalysts where the metal-centered d-radical is situated inside a cavity-like ligand with a more rigid chiral environment and enhanced hydrogen-bonding capability. As demonstrated with cyclopropanation and aziridination as model reactions, the bridged [Co(HuPhyrin)] functions notably different from the open catalysts, exhibiting significant enhancement in both reactivity and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the length of the distal alkyl bridge can have a remarkable influence on the catalytic properties.
Separation of Powers in Comparative Perspective: How Much Protection for the Rule of Law?

Writing about separation of powers with particular attention to the contrasting American and British views at the time of Trump and Brexit has been challenging and illuminating. The essay takes as its third framework the constrained parliamentarianism Prof. Bruce Ackerman celebrated in his essay, The New Separation of Powers, 113 Harv. L. Rev. 633 (2000), and briefly considers its relative success in Australia, France, and Germany, and failure in Hungary and Poland, in achieving “separation of powers” universally understood ends, the prevention of autocracy and preservation of human freedoms. That courts and judges would not be political actors, that governments would have structures of distinct elements performing distinct functions, is as readily ascribed to Aristotle and to the Roman Empire as to contemporary governments. For the drafters of the American Constitution, the writings of John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu gave the idea of separation normative force, as a prescription for government organization capable of offering protection against tyrannical rule and for human rights, and some assurance of an open, accountable and responsive government. Yet a contemporary account of “separation of powers” building on this normative commitment must reflect the transformations that have occurred since that time in governments, their ambitions and institutions. Moreover, associating “separation of powers” exclusively with presidential systems such as the American is mistaken. Its relevance today is accepted in parliamentary systems as well as presidential ones. Its meaning is cloudy and variable across political systems and contexts, with vertical elements as well as the conventional horizontal ones of legislature, executive, and court; today, international institutions such as the European Union as well as federal structures come into play. Particularly important, and threatening its success where they have been weakened, are the constraints to be found in norms of political behavior, not captured by legal doctrine or definitions of governmental structure and function. “Controlling the controllers” in the service of individual freedoms can only become the more important as the data revolution enhances the controllers’ own means for controlling their populations, and as power is consolidated in fewer governments.
A note on Hadwiger’s conjecture for W5-free graphs with independence number two

Abstract The Hadwiger number of a graph G , denoted h ( G ) , is the largest integer t such that G contains K t as a minor. A famous conjecture due to Hadwiger in 1943 states that for every graph G , h ( G ) ≥ χ ( G ) , where χ ( G ) denotes the chromatic number of G . Let α ( G ) denote the independence number of G . A graph is H -free if it does not contain the graph H as an induced subgraph. In 2003, Plummer, Stiebitz and Toft proved that h ( G ) ≥ χ ( G ) for all H -free graphs G with α ( G ) ≤ 2 , where H is any graph on four vertices with α ( H ) ≤ 2 , H = C 5 , or H is a particular graph on seven vertices. In 2010, Kriesell subsequently generalized the statement to include all forbidden subgraphs H on five vertices with α ( H ) ≤ 2 . In this note, we prove that h ( G ) ≥ χ ( G ) for all W 5 -free graphs G with α ( G ) ≤ 2 , where W 5 denotes the wheel on six vertices.
Faint Dark Matter Annihilation Signals and the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole

A wide range of mechanisms predict present-day $s$-wave dark matter (DM) annihilation cross sections that are orders of magnitude below current experimental sensitivity. We explore the capability of DM density spikes around the Milky Way's supermassive black hole to probe such faint signals of DM annihilations, considering a range of possible spike and halo distributions. As an exemplar of a theory with a suppressed $s$-wave annihilation cross section, we consider a hidden sector axion portal model of DM. In this model, the leading contribution to the annihilation cross section in the early Universe is $p$-wave, while $s$-wave annihilations occur at higher order in the coupling constant. We provide a unified treatment of DM freeze-out in this model including both $s$- and $p$-wave annihilations and analytically determine the photon spectrum for the dominant DM annihilation process in the Universe today. We find that Fermi and H.E.S.S. observations of the Galactic center offer excellent sensitivity to this model over a wide range of parameter space, with prospects depending sensitively on the properties of the DM spike as well as the central halo.
4.01 – Pyrazoles

Five-membered ring systems containing two nitrogen atoms adjacent to each other are called pyrazoles. This chapter serves to cover the extensive literature on pyrazoles during the 10 year period, 1996–2006. The previous two chapters of this series, on pyrazoles, dealt more with the theoretical, experimental structural, and thermodynamic methods and less with the reactivity, synthesis, and applications of pyrazoles. During the last 10 years, more literature has appeared on the synthesis and reactivity of pyrazole-fused ring systems. Furthermore, the medicinal chemistry applications of pyrazoles and fused ring systems have found numerous applications in drug discovery. Also, pyrazoles have been utilized as reagents in synthesis. This chapter focuses on these current developments.
Insincere negotiation: Using the negotiation process to pursue non-agreement motives

Abstract Negotiation scholars have assumed that participants enter negotiations with the intent to reach an agreement. In addition, negotiation scholars have assumed that negotiators cannot be significantly harmed by the negotiation process itself. We challenge both of these assumptions and identify important implications. We introduce the term insincere negotiations to characterize negotiations that involve one or more negotiators who feign interest in seeking an agreement and enter negotiations to pursue non-agreement motives, such as stalling for time, gaining information, or blocking a competitor from reaching an agreement. We explore how this broader conceptualization of negotiations changes both negotiator behavior and negotiated outcomes and makes the decisions to enter and to persist in a negotiation risky and strategic.