cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacterial protein acetylation: the dawning of a new age

Protein acetylation has historically been considered a predominantly eukaryotic phenomenon. Recent evidence, however, supports the hypothesis that acetylation broadly impacts bacterial physiology. To explore more rapidly the impact of protein acetylation in bacteria, microbiologists can benefit from the strong foundation established by investigators of protein acetylation in eukaryotes. To help advance this learning process, we will summarize the current understanding of protein acetylation in eukaryotes, discuss the emerging link between acetylation and metabolism and highlight the best-studied examples of protein acetylation in bacteria.
ISOSLIDER: a system for interactive exploration of isosurfaces

We present ISOSLIDER, a system for interactive exploration of isosurfaces of a scalar field. Our algorithm focuses on fast update of isosurfaces for interactive display as a user makes small changes to the isovalue of the desired surface. We exploit the coherence of this update. Larger changes are supported as well. The update to the isosurface is made at a correct level of detail so that not too many operations need be performed nor too many triangles need be rendered. ISOSLIDER does not need to retain the entire volume in the main memory and stores most data out of core. The central idea of the ISOSLIDER algorithm is to determine salient isovalues where surface topology changes and pre-encode these changes so as to facilitate fast updates to the triangulation.
The Role of Fathers in Risk for Physical Child Abuse and Neglect: Possible Pathways and Unanswered Questions

Despite overrepresentation of fathers as perpetrators in cases of severe physical child abuse and neglect, the role they play in shaping risk for physical child abuse and neglect is not yet well understood. This article reviews the possible father pathways that may contribute to physical child abuse and neglect risk and their existing empirical support. The present empirical base implicates a set of sociodemographic factors in physical maltreatment risk, including fathers' absence, age, employment status, and income they provide to the family. As well, paternal psychosocial factors implicated in physical child maltreatment risk include fathers' abuse of substances, their own childhood experiences of maltreatment, the nature of fathers' relationships with mothers, and the direct care they provide to the child. However, the empirical base presently suffers from significant methodological limitations, preventing more definitive identification of risk factors or causal processes. Given this, the present article offers questions and recommendations for future research and prevention.
Shock-compression response of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Abstract The shock-compression response of magnetic nano-Fe3O4 powders of ∼12 nm and ∼6 nm, and their bimodal mixture (∼12 nm + ∼6 nm in a 4:1 ratio), was investigated to determine the densification behavior of nanoparticles and properties of the consolidated magnets. Compacts recovered following shock compaction using a three-capsule, plate-impact, gas-gun setup at impact velocities of ∼800 m s−1 and ∼1100 m s−1 showed maximal densification of ∼80% theoretical maximum density (TMD) for ∼12 nm particles, ∼70% TMD for ∼6 nm particles, and ∼75% TMD for the bimodal mixture (∼12 nm + ∼6 nm in a 4:1 ratio) nanoparticles. Pressure–volume compressibility (Hugoniot) plots of nano-Fe3O4 powder compacts were constructed to assess their dynamic densification behavior. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the recovered compacts showed the presence of a laminar structure, with inter-layer voids and microscopic gaps between nanoparticle agglomerates, which were responsible for the incomplete consolidation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed the retention of nanostructure in the recovered compacts, although the shock-energy deposition caused some grain growth. Hysteresis loop measurements revealed that the magnetic properties were retained, and shock compaction did not cause any magnetic transition. The potential causes for the lack of complete densification observed in the recovered shock-consolidated compacts of nano-Fe3O4 particles are discussed in light of the shock-consolidation mechanisms and interparticle bonding in nano-sized powders.
Colonoscopy-Induced Splenic Injury: An Unusual Complication Warranting Urgent Attention

Colonoscopy is a safe, well-tolerated procedure routinely performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of colorectal diseases. Although splenic injury is an uncommon complication, it is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, splenic injury should always be in the differential in any patient with abdominal pain or hemodynamic instability during or following colonoscopy. We present a case of splenic rupture during an elective colonoscopy. J Med Cases. 2014;5(10):541-544 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1817w
Revisiting Berle and Rethinking the Corporate Structure

Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means painted what remains a defining portrait of corporate law. The separation of ownership and control they described and the agency costs it causes are still a central concern of the law of corporate governance. For that reason, Berle’s work is relevant nearly eighty years after its publication. Seemingly forgotten, however, is that Berle’s enduring description of the corporate structure was published before most of today’s corporate law was in place. His work preceded the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and even preceded the dominance of Delaware common law in the field of corporate governance. Berle’s prescience is part of why his work is still so important to the development of the corporate law, but relying upon and taking for granted his observations has locked corporate law scholars and jurists into a paradigm that may no longer fit and that may be keeping us from moving forward as we ought to. The separation of ownership and control is an unavoidable consequence of the corporate form, and many advantages of the corporate form lie in that separation. While the separation remains, the distance between corporate shareholders and officers and directors has shrunk and could shrink further. That is, shareholders have become more sophisticated and less dispersed and enjoy enhanced protection from managerial abuse and increased rights to corporate information relative to when Berle and Means published The Modern Corporation and Private Property. Further, advances in securities markets and innovations in investment have changed what kinds of investors hold significant interests in the maximization of a firm’s profits. With the ability to significantly hedge investments, shareholders may not have financial exposure to a firm’s financial health. Simultaneously, owners of derivatives may have substantial interests in the value of a firm’s residual claim, though they are not considered “owners” at all. The residual claim is most commonly regarded as the ownership interest in a corporation, yet those with an interest in the value of that claim are increasingly difficult to pinpoint. “Ownership” of a corporation just does not mean what it did in the late 1920s and the early 1930s. The corporate structure defined by Berle and Means is helpful but too simple. As corporate law and investment change, so must our assumptions about the corporate for - both as it is and as it should be.
Impact of Ant Predation and Heat on Carob Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Mortality in California Date Gardens

Dates, Phoenix dactylifera L., undergo a natural fruit abscission during the summer in California date gardens. Many of the abscised dates become lodged in the date bunch, and we demonstrated that carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), prefer to use these dates as a reproduction host compared with dates that fall to the ground. We also found that abscised fruit shaken onto the ground had significantly fewer live carob moth larvae than fruit that remained in bunches in the tree. Mortality in the dropped fruit was attributed to predation by two native ant species, the fire ant Solenopsis aurea Wheeler, and the California harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley), in concert with extreme summer ground temperatures. Dates that fell in the full sunlight rapidly increased in temperature, which resulted in larvae either exiting the fruit (exposing them to ants) or dying in the fruit. Removal of abscised dates from bunches may provide a possible management strategy for carob moths in California date gardens.
Where Did God Go? Theophanic Shift in Exodus:

Divine presence in Exodus is vigorous, decisive, and variable. The Burning Bush, the ten plagues, the parting of the Sea, and the covenant atop Mt. Sinai all portray providence as interventionist i...
Background Theories and Total Science

Background theories in science are used both to prove and to disprove that theory choice is underdetermined by data. The alleged proof appeals to the fact that experiments to decide between theories typically require auxiliary assumptions from other theories. If this generates a kind of underdetermination, it shows that standards of scientific inference are fallible and must be appropriately contextualized. The alleged disproof appeals to the possibility of suitable background theories to show that no theory choice can be timelessly or noncontextually underdetermined: Foreground theories might be distinguished against different backgrounds. Philosophers have often replied to such a disproof by focussing their attention not on theories but on Total Sciences. If empirically equivalent Total Sciences were at stake, then there would be no background against which they could be differentiated. I offer several reasons to think that Total Science is a philosophers’ fiction. No respectable underdetermination can ...
Successful Use of Fondaparinux for Bridging Early After Aortic and Mitral Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement

Objective:To report a case of successful use of fondaparinux for bridging early after aortic and mitral mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR).Case Summary:A 71-year-old female underwent aortic ...
“I Don’t Want Them to Be a Statistic”: Mothering Practices of Low-Income Mothers

U.S. discourse on low-income mothers frames them as social problems and this presumption of deficiency is reflected in studies of parenting logics and practices. Scholars often underestimate the sophistication of low-income mothers’ parenting logic and do not recognize that these mothers work as hard as and use (appropriately) different parenting logics than those of middle-class mothers. I investigate parenting logics of African American and White low-income mothers. These women demonstrate a logic that follows many of the same premises of middle-class parenting strategies but additionally seeks to address obstacles that prevent low-income youth from reaching goals: addiction, drug dealing, pregnancy, and “the street.” This logic leads to strategies that may appear to be inexpensive adaptations of middle-class practices, however, analysis of mothers’ narratives reveals they are not derivative but are intended to prepare children to avoid perils of their social context. This study illuminates a previously...
A new large-diameter ice-core drill: the Blue Ice Drill

The Blue Ice Drill (BID) is a large-diameter agile drill system designed by the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group of the University of Wisconsin–Madison to quickly core-clean 241 mm diameter ice samples from near-surface sites. It consists of a down-hole motor/gear reducer rotating a coring cutter and core barrel inside an outer barrel for efficient cuttings transport in solid ice. A variable-frequency drive and custom control box regulates electrical power to the drill. Torque reaction is accomplished on the surface via handles attached to a torsion stem. Core recovery is achieved with either core dogs in the sonde or with a separate core recovery tool. All down-hole tools are suspended on a collapsible tripod via ropes running on a capstan winch. The BID is operated by a minimum of two people and has been used successfully during two seasons of coring on a blue ice area of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. An updated version of the drill system, BID-Deep, has been designed to recover cores to depths up to 200 m.
Rotational distortion correction in endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on speckle decorrelation

We present a new technique for the correction of nonuniform rotation distortion in catheter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT), based on the statistics of speckle between A-lines using intensity-based dynamic light scattering. This technique does not rely on tissue features and can be performed on single frames of data, thereby enabling real-time image correction. We demonstrate its suitability in a gastrointestinal (GI) balloon-catheter OCT system, determining the actual rotational speed with high temporal resolution, and present corrected cross-sectional and en face views showing significant enhancement of image quality.
Design and application of Jiangsu electric power communication business analysis prediction system

The article introduces the overall design, the main function and the application effect of communication business analysis and prediction system of Jiangsu province 95598 power supply service center. In the aspect of mastering business development trend, scheduling management, prospective system resources expansion, the implementation of peak business period of emergency disposal and other aspects, the system plays an important role, is an operable and practical application. It provides technical support to achieve the 95598 power supply service center highly efficient operation and management, reduce overall operating costs, ensure the quality of customer service, improve customer service awareness.
Bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and citraturic response from potassium-magnesium citrate

AbstractThe bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and the citraturic response were determined for the new compound, potassium-magnesium citrate, in 14 normal volunteers. Results were compared to those of potassium citrate and magnesium citrate. Each subject participated in 4 phases of study: potassium-magnesium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and potassium chloride. After stabilization on a metabolic diet, each subject ingested a single load of a test medication followed by timed urine collections for the next 24 hours. Test loads included potassium-magnesium citrate (49mEq. potassium, 24.5mEq. magnesium and 73.5mEq. citrate), potassium citrate (50mEq.), potassium chloride (50mEq.) and magnesium citrate (25mEq.). Urinary potassium, magnesium and citrate were measured for each collection period.Potassium-magnesium citrate provided an equivalent potassium bioavailability as potassium citrate and potassium chloride, and a comparable magnesium bioavailability as magnesium citrate. However,...
Methods for Reducing Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dose Reduction or Planning Target Volume Elimination.

Purpose Strategies to reduce the toxicities of head and neck radiation (ie, dysphagia [difficulty swallowing] and xerostomia [dry mouth]) are currently underway. However, the predicted benefit of dose and planning target volume (PTV) reduction strategies is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to compare the normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) for swallowing and salivary structures in standard plans (70 Gy [P70]), dose-reduced plans (60 Gy [P60]), and plans eliminating the PTV margin. Methods and Materials A total of 38 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) plans were analyzed. Standard organ-sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy plans (P70) were created and then modified by eliminating the PTVs and treating the clinical tumor volumes (CTVs) only (C70) or maintaining the PTV but reducing the dose to 60 Gy (P60). NTCP dose models for the pharyngeal constrictors, glottis/supraglottic larynx, parotid glands (PGs), and submandibular glands (SMGs) were analyzed. The minimal clinically important benefit was defined as a mean change in NTCP of >5%. The P70 NTCP thresholds and overlap percentages of the organs at risk with the PTVs (56-59 Gy, vPTV 56 ) were evaluated to identify the predictors for NTCP improvement. Results With the P60 plans, only the ipsilateral PG (iPG) benefited (23.9% vs 16.2%; P P P P P 56 >13% predicted benefit with P60 ( P P =.002). For the cSMG, a vPTV 56 >22% predicted benefit with C70 ( P Conclusions PTV elimination and dose-reduction lowered the NTCP of the iPG, and PTV elimination lowered the NTCP of the cSMG. NTCP thresholds and the percentage of overlap of the PTV with organs at risk can predict which patients will benefit and inform future clinical trial design.
Transactive Goal Dynamics Theory: A relational goals perspective on work teams and leadership

Abstract Transactive Goal Dynamics (TGD) Theory is a multi-level, relational theory of goal pursuit that can be used to understand behavior within organizational teams. The theory describes the nature of goal-related interdependence (called transactive density) within dyads and groups, and predicts when transactive density will have positive versus negative consequences for goal-related outcomes. TGD Theory states that within many close dyads and teams, individuals’ goals, pursuits, and outcomes come to affect each other in a dense network of goal-related interdependence, with the individuals possessing and pursuing goals oriented toward themselves, other members of the system, and the system as a whole. This article discusses novel implications of the theory for the understanding of organizational teams and team leadership, and constraints on relational dynamics within organizational contexts.
“Just Let Me Go”: End-of-Life Planning Among Ojibwe Elders

Purpose of the Study Although advance care planning (ACP) is designed to promote person-centered end-of-life care, the principles underpinning it are at odds with the values and norms of many American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, contributing to low rates of ACP among AI/AN elders. The purpose of this study was to explore the apparent tension between Western approaches to end-of-life care, including its emphasis on ACP, and the expectations and wishes of one community of AI elders, in hopes of informing more culturally appropriate approaches to planning for end-of-life care. Design and Methods About 20 tribal elders living on a Great Lakes reservation participated in semistructured, face-to-face interviews. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling techniques. The interviews were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results Despite seeing little need for ACP, the elders were generally open to discussing the care they would want at end of life. Many were readily able to describe their wishes for a peaceful death and had already developed funeral and burial or cremation plans. Although establishing one's individual legacy was not a salient end-of-life concern for the elders, several found meaning in describing their contributions to preserving their families, the community, and their cultural lifeways. Implications A lack of formal ACP within AI/AN communities does not necessarily reflect a cultural aversion to discussing preferences for end of life. Efforts to increase ACP in tribal communities would likely be enhanced by acknowledgment of the spiritual and cultural significance of death and dying for many AI/AN individuals.
Correlates of self-reported physical function in individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders: does self-efficacy matter?

Data were collected via a cross-sectional mailed survey with Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D). To examine self-efficacy in Veterans with SCI/D reporting high versus low perceptions of physical function. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Spinal Cord Injury System of Care—nation-wide, 24 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Centers. The survey provided patient-reported data on demographic and injury characteristics, basic mobility and fine motor function, and perceived self-efficacy. Bivariate comparisons were conducted to compare perceptions of self-efficacy between Veterans with SCI/D reporting perceptions of ‘high’ versus ‘low’ basic mobility and fine motor function. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors independently associated with high physical function when controlling for covariates. Response rate (896/1452=61.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR)=0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96–1.00, P=0.03), tetraplegia (OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.13–0.32, P⩽0.0001), diabetes (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.91, P=0.02), depression (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–0.98, P=0.04) and pressure ulcers (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.25–0.72, P=0.001) were all independently associated with lower odds of high physical function. When controlling for covariates, persons with high self-efficacy were nearly two times more likely to have high physical function (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.22–3.22, P=0.01). Lower perceptions of basic mobility and fine motor function among individuals with SCI/D were correlated with lower self-efficacy, even when controlling for other covariates. The relationship between physical function and self-efficacy suggests that interventions focused on improving self-efficacy or physical function may also see improvements in the other. Further, studies exploring the impact of interventions on the relationship between self-efficacy and physical function are needed to understand the relationship between the two.
SELF CONSISTENT RANDOM STATIC FIELD APPROXIMATIONS IN THE ELECTRON CORRELATION PROBLEM

A random static self-consistent approximation to the Hubbard Hamiltonian is presented. The electronic and magnetic properties of the system as predicted by the present approximation are discussed first qualitatively. Some preliminary quantitative results at H = 0, T = 0 are presented. Extensions of the formalism to incorporate the possibility of magnetic ordering and the inclusion of an external magnetic field at finite temperatures are outlined. The formalism can be generalized to the case where randomness is present, e.g., in impurity bands in crystalline semiconductors.
Restricted processing of CD16a/Fc γ receptor IIIa N-glycans from primary human NK cells impacts structure and function

CD16a/Fc γ receptor IIIa is the most abundant antibody Fc receptor expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells and activates a protective cytotoxic response following engagement with antibody clustered on the surface of a pathogen or diseased tissue. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with greater Fc-mediated affinity for CD16a show superior therapeutic outcome; however, one significant factor that promotes antibody-CD16a interactions, the asparagine-linked carbohydrates (N-glycans), remains undefined. Here, we purified CD16a from the primary NK cells of three donors and identified a large proportion of hybrid (22%) and oligomannose N-glycans (23%). These proportions indicated restricted N-glycan processing and were unlike those of the recombinant CD16a forms, which have predominantly complex-type N-glycans (82%). Tethering recombinant CD16a to the membrane by including the transmembrane and intracellular domains and via coexpression with the Fc ϵ receptor γ-chain in HEK293F cells was expected to produce N-glycoforms similar to NK cell-derived CD16a but yielded N-glycoforms different from NK cell-derived CD16a and recombinant soluble CD16a. Of note, these differences in CD16a N-glycan composition affected antibody binding: CD16a with oligomannose N-glycans bound IgG1 Fc with 12-fold greater affinity than did CD16a having primarily complex-type and highly branched N-glycans. The changes in binding activity mirrored changes in NMR spectra of the two CD16a glycoforms, indicating that CD16a glycan composition also affects the glycoprotein's structure. These results indicated that CD16a from primary human NK cells is compositionally, and likely also functionally, distinct from commonly used recombinant forms. Furthermore, our study provides critical evidence that cell lineage determines CD16a N-glycan composition and antibody-binding affinity.
Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Representations

An important concept in physics is that of symmetry, whether it be rotational symmetry for many physical systems or Lorentz symmetry in relativistic systems. In many cases, the group of symmetries of a system is a continuous group, that is, a group that is parameterized by one or more real parameters. More precisely, the symmetry group is often a Lie group, that is, a smooth manifold endowed with a group structure in such a way that operations of inversion and group multiplication are smooth. The tangent space at the identity in a Lie group has a natural “bracket” operation that makes the tangent space into a Lie algebra. The Lie algebra of a Lie group encodes many of the properties of the Lie group, and yet the Lie algebra is easier to work with because it is a linear space.
A Study of the Relation of Clear Air Turbulence to the Mesoscale Structure of the Jet Stream Region

The relationship of clear air turbulence to mesoscale features of the temperature, wind, and ozone concentration fields and to the Richardson number is examined for a case of widespread, persistent CAT observed by a specially instrumented aircraft of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. The CAT occurred mainly in a sloping layer of about 2 km depth located just above the jet stream core and encompassed a thin inversion layer and a deeper near-adiabatic layer above. The Richardson number was 0.25 or less throughout most of the turbulent region, and the more intense CAT tended to be located near the upper boundary of the inversion, extending into both the inversion layer below and the near-adiabatic layer above.
Solutions to the Cheerio Count Problem

_^/"N said, "There is no way a million Cheer( J ios could fit in that box." Can you help V / Eric? How can he estimate about how many Cheerios are in a 15-ounce box? If his older sister is correct, how many *" n^ boxes would you need to have a million < Cheerios? Devise a plan and explain your J strategy. Is there more than one way to count the Cheerios? Try more than one solution strategy. Explain the steps you took to find your answer and why you believe you have a reasonable estimate.
Introducing a computational method to estimate and prioritize systemic body exposure of organic chemicals in humans using their physicochemical properties

Abstract This report describes a computational method developed to predict systemic exposure (s-exposure), chemical disposition {(CD) intestinal absorption, transport, membrane permeability, distribution, sequestration, phospholipidosis and toxicokinetics} of organic chemicals in humans. The method qualitatively and quantitatively estimates a chemical's CD activity profile based upon computed molecular descriptor properties (descriptors), and it facilitates in silico signal-detection of data-gaps, prioritization, risk-ranking, read-across, and re-assessments (if mandated) of large sets of chemicals in a safety evaluation setting. The investigation used a reference set of 2372 marketed human pharmaceuticals to define decision rules for an optimal chemical space (OCS) in which chemicals have high s-exposure, good CD, and a potential for chemical toxicity (CT); conversely, chemicals outside the OCS have low s-exposure, poor CD into the body, and low potential for CT. The method requires computation of 29 descriptors, identification of OCS molecular descriptor property violations (descriptor_violations), and alignment of descriptor_violations with specific decision rules for individual CD endpoint activities. The investigation predicted the CD activities of food and cosmetic preservatives, ingredients in GRAS (generally recognized as safe). Notices submitted to the FDA, reference pharmaceuticals, and it provides prioritization metrics and indices that facilitate prioritization of chemical in silico computed CD activities.
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance Overweight and obesity have been associated with adverse health effects. Objective To systematically review evidence on benefits and harms of behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions in adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed Publisher-Supplied Records, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published through June 6, 2017; ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials through August 2017; and ongoing surveillance in targeted publications through March 23, 2018. Studies from previous reviews were reevaluated for inclusion. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focusing on weight loss or weight loss maintenance in adults. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were abstracted by one reviewer and confirmed by another. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for weight loss outcomes in behavior-based interventions. Main Outcomes and Measures Health outcomes, weight loss or weight loss maintenance, reduction in obesity-related conditions, and adverse events. Results A total of 122 RCTs (N = 62 533) and 2 observational studies (N = 209 993) were identified. Compared with controls, participants in behavior-based interventions had greater mean weight loss at 12 to 18 months (−2.39 kg [95% CI, −2.86 to −1.93]; 67 studies [n = 22065]) and less weight regain (−1.59 kg [95% CI, −2.38 to −0.79]; 8 studies [n = 1408]). Studies of medication-based weight loss and maintenance interventions also reported greater weight loss or less weight regain in intervention compared with placebo groups at 12 to 18 months (range, −0.6 to −5.8 kg; no meta-analysis). Participants with prediabetes in weight loss interventions had a lower risk of developing diabetes compared with controls (relative risk, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.89]). There was no evidence of other benefits, but most health outcomes such as mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer were infrequently reported. Small improvements in quality of life in some medication trials were noted but were of unclear clinical significance. There was no evidence of harm such as cardiovascular disease from behavior-based interventions; higher rates of adverse events were associated with higher dropout rates in medication groups than in placebo groups. Conclusions and Relevance Behavior-based weight loss interventions with or without weight loss medications were associated with more weight loss and a lower risk of developing diabetes than control conditions. Weight loss medications, but not behavior-based interventions, were associated with higher rates of harms. Long-term weight and health outcomes data, as well as data on important subgroups, were limited.
In)Visible Literacies of Transnational Newcomer Youth in a Secondary English Classroom.

Research documents how transnational youth leverage literacy practices to maintain global connections, identity, and self-worth within learning environments that often fail to honor their cultural and linguistic repertoires. This article extends this research by focusing on the unique practices, experiences, and perspectives of secondary newcomer and refugee students. Grounded in transnational, sociocultural, and asset-based frameworks, this article highlights findings from a qualitative case study that explored the literacy practices of transnational students in a ninth-grade English classroom taught by a transnational teacher. Analysis of oral histories, classroom observations, and in-process interviews collected over a prolonged period revealed participants’ numerous and varied literacy practices. These practices, however, remained mostly invisible in the school and classroom, surfacing when recruited for narrow curricular and academic purposes. This work offers implications for continued research into the practices of newcomer students and potential benefits of teacher education centered on critical inquiry as a means for creating empowering literacy classrooms that draw on students’ assets, backgrounds, and repertoires to create more authentic and empowering spaces for literacy learning.
ROS Rescue: Fault Tolerance System for Robot Operating System

In this chapter we discuss the problem of master failure in ROS 1.0 and its impact on robotic deployments in the real world. We address this issue in this tutorial chapter where we outline, design and demonstrate a fault tolerant mechanism associated with a ROS master failure. Unlike previous solutions which use primary backup replication and external checkpointing libraries which are resource demanding, our mechanism adds a lightweight functionality to the ROS master to enable it to recover from failure. We present a modified version of the ROS master which is equipped with a logging mechanism to record the meta information and network state of ROS nodes as well as a recovery mechanism to go back to the previous state without having to abort or restart all the nodes. We also implement an additional master monitor node responsible for failure detection on the master by polling it for its availability. Our code is implemented in Python and preliminary tests were conducted successfully on a variety of land, aerial and underwater robots and a teleoperated computer running ROS Kinetic on Ubuntu 16.04. The code is publicly available under a Creative Commons license on Github at https://github.com/PushyamiKaveti/fault-tolerant-ros-master.
A Social Constructivist Grounded Theory of School Principal Legal Learning.

This article presents a social constructivist grounded theory of school principal legal learning. The author analyzed 10 interviews with K-12 school principals and 10 school law faculty documents t...
Contemporary Chinese Village Gazetteer Data Project: From Books to Data

In July 2018, the East Asian Library (EAL) of the University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) initiated the Contemporary Chinese Village Data (CCVD) project to create an open-access online dataset of statistics selected from the library's collection of Chinese village gazetteers. This unique initiative has produced a dataset of significant value to the humanities and social sciences based on Chinese village gazetteers, which include quantitative and qualitative data critical to supporting Chinese studies in fields such as politics, economics, sociology, environmental science, history, and public health. The first 500 villages' data were opened for access in October 2019 http://www.chinesevillagedata.library.pitt.edu. In June 2020, the number will expand to 1,000 and a database that allows effective and efficient ingesting, querying, manipulating, and displaying CCVG Data will be available for use.
Abstract 5810: Fyn kinase negatively regulates telomere length in stem cells and cancer cells

Telomere maintenance is on the critical biological process in stem cell, aging, and cancer. Cells maintain telomere either by Telomerase (TERT) dependent pathway or by alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway. Here we report a link between Fyn kinase expression and telomere length. Fyn deficient mouse and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) maintain a stable telomere length through activation of ALT pathway. Fyn deficient mice are also resistant to the aging process as compared to wild type mice. We uncover a novel molecular mechanism of telomere maintenance. Menin, an essential component of an MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex that specifically methylates 9Lys-49 of histone H3 (H3K4), is a potential phosphorylation target of Fyn. Phosphorylation of Menin facilitates SUMOylation and binding to Telomerase RNA Component (TERC). The telomere dysfunction is one pivotal reason for many genetic disorders, including telomere related diseases like dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Currently, there are no curative therapies for these diseases of telomere dysfunction. We knockout Fyn gene from DC mice model and also used 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(dimethyl ethyl) pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2), a selective inhibitor of Fyn kinase. Our results demonstrate that Fyn could be a therapeutic target in telomere related diseases. Knockout of Fyn or inhibition of Fyn by using inhibitor improves DC phenotype in mice like bone marrow failure. Human iPSC generated from DC patient9s skin fibroblast shows higher expression of p-Menin and maintains a stable telomere length when we inhibited Fyn. Citation Format: Souren Paul, Thi My Le Le, Joohyun Ryu, Ki Beom Bae, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong. Fyn kinase negatively regulates telomere length in stem cells and cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5810.
Psychometric Properties of the Meaningful and Psychologically Rewarding Occupation Rating Scale: A Pilot Study

We investigated the internal structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the Meaningful and Psychologically Rewarding Occupation Rating Scale (MPRORS). The American Occu...
Barriers and Challenges to Making Referrals for Treatment and Services for Opioid Misuse in Family Planning Settings

Background: In this opioid overdose epidemic, women are an overlooked group seeing increasing rates of overdose death. Implementation challenges have prevented evidence-based interventions from effectively reaching women who misuse opioids, with gaps in access to effective treatment and services. Family planning clinics could serve as important points of contact for referral to needed treatments and services. The study explores how family planning staff knowledge and attitudes related to opioid misuse serve as potential barriers and challenges in making referrals for evidence-based services and treatments. Methods: In 2018, we conducted a national online survey of family planning staff, assessing knowledge and attitudes of treatments and services for opioid misuse. Results: A total of 691 family planning staff completed the survey. Most respondents agreed that opioid misuse was a major problem in their community (86.0%) and identified challenges in responding to it, including a lack of treatment access (70.3%), the absence of in-house behavioral health staff (67.2%), and unfamiliarity with local treatment providers (54.1%). Respondents reported low levels of acceptability for syringe services programs (46.0%), medications such as methadone and buprenorphine (55.4%), and naloxone to reverse opioid overdose (60.1%). Controlling for other factors, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, workplace role, and substance use training were associated with differences in acceptability. Conclusions: Family planning settings could play a critical role in connecting women who misuse opioids to treatment and services. Strategies are needed to increase the acceptability of evidence-based interventions and the feasibility of having family planning staff play a linkage role.
Comparative haploid genetic screens reveal divergent pathways in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins

Glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play essential roles in physiology, but their biogenesis and trafficking have not been systematically characterized. Here, we took advantage of the recently available haploid genetics approach to dissect GPI-AP pathways in human cells using prion protein (PrP) and CD59 as model molecules. Our screens recovered a large number of common and unexpectedly specialized factors in the GPI-AP pathways. PIGN, PGAP2, and PIGF, which encode GPI anchor-modifying enzymes, were selectively isolated in the CD59 screen, suggesting that GPI anchor composition significantly influences the biogenesis of GPI-APs in a substrate-dependent manner. SEC62 and SEC63, which encode components of the ER-targeting machinery, were selectively recovered in the PrP screen, indicating that they do not constitute a universal route for the biogenesis of mammalian GPI-APs. Together, these comparative haploid genetic screens demonstrate that, despite their similarity in overall architecture and subcellular localization, GPI-APs follow markedly distinct biosynthetic and trafficking pathways.
Electron emission from GaN/LaB/sub 6/ cold cathodes

Summary form only given, as follows. Recent developments in vacuum microelectronics have led to a resurgence of interest into cold cathode emission for applications to a variety of electronic devices. For these new applications, the ideal cold cathode should have the following characteristics: (i) low-voltage operation (5-20 volts); (ii) high current density (5-10 A/cm2); (iii) room temperature operation; and (iv) stable and durable operation. Effective Negative-Electron-Affinity (NEA) and Optoelectronic Cold Cathode (OECC) structures have been fabricated using a combination of the wide-bandgap semiconductors, GaN and AlGaN, and the low work function metal, LaB/sub 6/. In the NEA structure, electrons are injected from an n-type GaN layer into a thin p-type GaN layer. Appropriate design of the p-type thickness, which was guided by Monte Carlo transport simulations, allows some fraction of the injected electrons to arrive at the p-GaN/LaB/sub 6/ interface with enough energy to traverse the thin LaB/sub 6/ layer and emit into vacuum. In the OECC, photons are generated at a p-n junction in GaN. The photons are subsequently absorbed by a LaB/sub 6/ layer, creating electrons with sufficient energy (3.4 eV) to overcome the LaB/sub 6/ work function of /spl sim/2.5 eV. The GaN and LaB/sub 6/ fabrication is discussed in detail. Results of the photoemission from thin LaB/sub 6/ films and electron emission from hybrid and monolithic cold cathodes are discussed.
Early Deregulation of the p16ink4a-Cyclin D1/Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4-Retinoblastoma Pathway in Cell Proliferation-driven Esophageal Tumorigenesis in Zinc-deficient Rats

The p16ink4a-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway has emerged as a critical target in oncogenesis. The zinc-deficient (ZD), N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced rat esophageal cancer model provides a tool to study cell proliferation and cell cycle control in cancer initiation. Weanling rats were fed a ZD or zinc-sufficient (ZS) diet for 5 weeks, and then given a dose of NMBA. After 14 weeks, esophageal tumor incidence was 88% in ZD rats with highly proliferative esophagi versus 0% in ZS rats. Expression of p16ink4a, cyclin D1, Cdk4, and Rb in relation to that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was characterized in esophagi by immunohistochemistry at 0, 24, and 48 h, and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 weeks after NMBA treatment. As early as 24 h, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive focal hyperplastic lesions were detected in the suprabasal layers of ZD esophagi. At the same time, overexpression of cyclin D1, Cdk4, and Rb was found in the corresponding lesion in adjacent esophageal sections. By contrast, p16ink4a expression was reduced or absent. At all time points, p16ink4a showed reduced nuclear staining in ZD esophagi compared with that in ZS esophagi. In addition, increased expression of the hyperphosphorylated forms of Rb was detected in ZD esophagi by immunoblotting. Importantly, tumors were consistently observed in ZD esophagi at very early time points. These data, obtained using a unique in vivo model for esophageal cancer with rapid tumor induction, provide strong evidence for a link between deregulation of the p16ink4a-cyclin D1/Cdk4-Rb pathway and the initiation of esophageal tumors.
Influence of the Frequency of Transfer of Lactic Starters upon Rate of Acid Development and Quality of Cheddar Cheese

Summary When lactic starters were inoculated every day or every third day and carried under excellent conditions, their quality was identical as judged by appearance, flavor, and acid development. When incubated in milk at temperatures used in cheese making, there were slight differences in the starters. When incubated at 86° F. acid development was rapid and the same for both starters; at 100° F. acid development was very slow; and at 86° F. for 2 hours followed by 100° F. for 6 hours the acid development was good and the same for both starters. When the freshly coagulated starters were used in cheese making the results were not identical to those secured in milk. The greatest difference was that in the cheese making process the starter transferred every third day gave slower acid development in the curd. When inoculated and set in milk at 100° F. the acid development was almost arrested in the curd and both starters gave comparable results. Cooling the cooked curd back to 86° F. did not affect the rate of increase in acid. An initial incubation of the cultures at 86° F. in the cheese milk was very important in securing the desired increase of acid in the curd at higher temperatures. Aging starters generally slowed the increases in acidity. Cheese manufactured with starters transferred daily developed more flavor of better quality in less time than when made with starters transferred every third day. This was true even though the starters appeared to be of equal quality. The old starters produced unclean flavors in the cheese. However, the cheeses that developed flavor sooner also over-ripened in less time so that they should be put in cold storage earlier to maintain their fine flavor. The data show that transfer of lactic cultures every third day as compared with daily transfer reduced the acid produced during the Cheddar cheese, making process, and incubation at 86° F. in the cheese milk increased, the production of acid at the cooking temperature.
Development and validation of the Communicating with Family about Brain Death Scale

This study reports development of a scale assessing communication with family about brain-dead organ donation. Two cross-sectional studies demonstrated scale validity. Tests of internal, external, ...
Predicting Raman Spectra Using Density Functional Theory

Accurately computing molecular Raman spectra would enable rapid development of inexpensive and extensive Raman libraries. This is especially beneficial for chemicals that are regulated, toxic, or otherwise difficult to handle. Numerous quantum mechanical methods have been developed that enable computation of Raman spectra. Here, we study the B3LYP exchange correlation functional with various combinations of basis sets, polarization functions, and diffuse functions to determine which combination best computes the Raman spectra for explosive and nonexplosive molecules. In comparing spectra, three metrics were utilized: the root mean square error, the earth mover's distance, and the weighted cross-correlation average. The earth mover's distance and weighted cross-correlation metrics are shown to have significantly greater power at detecting spectral similarities and differences than the root mean square error. Across all methods and molecules examined, B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) was found to provide the best match between measured and computed Raman spectra. Spectra generated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were found to be accurate enough to correctly identify each molecule out of a set of measured molecular spectra.
The importance of postingestional factors in limiting alcohol consumption in the rat.

When alcohol (10% concentration) is pumped out through an intragastric fistula as rats drink on the first day (after they reach a 5-ml threshold of intake), consumption is much higher on the second day than in a group in which alcohol was not pumped out.