cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF TOURISTS’ INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIOR

Abstract This article develops a comprehensive theoretical model that integrates the psychological/motivational, economics, and processing approaches into a cohesive whole for understanding tourists’ information seeking behavior. The model proposes that for immediate pre-purchase information needs, a consumer is likely to utilize either internal or external sources, or both. The search is likely to be influenced directly by the perceived internal and external costs, and the level of involvement required. Familiarity and expertise, learning and previous visits indirectly influence the search. Their influences are mediated by familiarity and expertise with the destination, which are, in turn, mediated by external and internal costs. Twenty-one propositions are developed for future testing.
Teaching Mindfulness on an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit

This pilot study sought to determine if mindfulness skills could be taught to patients hospitalized with depression in a short-term, inpatient psychiatric setting. Mindfulness is the disposition to be aware of one’s current internal and external experiences while accepting them without judgment. Awareness of the breath shaped the meditation experiences used in this study. Twenty-three patients enrolled and participated in at least three mindfulness-based interventions (MBI’s). The interventions available were one-to-one meditation exercises, meditation groups, and yoga groups. Subjects completed the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) measuring mindfulness trait upon admission and at the time of discharge. The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) measuring mindfulness state was completed after each MBI. In addition, subjects completed brief written descriptions of their present-moment experience after each MBI. PHLMS scores showed a significant increase in total score and the awareness subscale. A trend analysis of TMS scores was significant for total score and both subscales. Content analysis of the present-moment statements identified five major themes in the awareness category and two in the acceptance category. This pilot study suggests that mindfulness, cultivated through meditation and yoga can be taught to, and practiced by, individuals experiencing acute psychiatric symptoms.
LIMITED ROLE OF RADIONUCLIDE BONE SCINTIGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN ELEVATIONS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

AbstractPurpose: Bone scintigrams of patients with increasing serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy are only rarely positive. We identify clinical parameters that would improve our ability to select patients for this imaging study.Materials and Methods: We reviewed all bone scintigrams done at our institution between 1991 and 1996 in patients with persistently increasing serum PSA after radical prostatectomy. What prompted the clinician to obtain the bone scintigram was trigger PSA (tPSA). The rate of increase in PSA to tPSA was measured by tPSA/time from radical prostatectomy (slope 1) and tPSA/time from last undetectable PSA (slope 2). These parameters were evaluated together with standard clinicopathological data in univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the ability to predict the bone scintigram result.Results: In univariate analysis tPSA (p = 0.003), slope 1 (p = 0.005) and slope 2 (p = 0.004) were useful in predicting the bone scintigram result but pathological...
Conjoining soft-core FPGA processors

Soft-core programmable processors on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be custom synthesized to instantiate only those hardware units, such as multipliers and floating-point units, that an application requires to meet performance demands, thus minimizing soft-core size on the FPGA. Conjoining processors, meaning to share hardware units among two or more processors, can further reduce soft-core size, leaving more resources for other circuits such as custom coprocessors. Using Xilinx MicroBlaze coprocessors and standard embedded system benchmarks, we show that conjoining two processors can provide 16% processor size reductions on average, with less than 1% cycle count overhead. We introduce an efficient dynamic-programming-based exploration method to find the best custom instantiation of hardware units, considering both standalone and conjoined options, for soft-core processors.
Time of neuron origin in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of normal and reeler mutant mice: an autoradiographic analysis.

The hippocampus and dentate gyrus of reeler mutant mice contain the normal neuronal classes. The majority of cells are included in laminar aggregates reminiscent of normal structure though these are irregular in outline, interrupted at points, and less densely packed. Many hippocampal neurons and granule cells of the dentate gyrus are scattered in the external plexiform zone (strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare) of the hippocampus rather than being included in the laminar aggregates. Neurons in the reeler are generated at the same time as their normal homologs. However, the relationship of adult cell position to sequence of cell generation is abnormal in two general ways in the mutant. First, although in both the mutant and normal, cells in the external plexiform zone of the hippocampus are among the earliest formed, a relatively greater proportion of cells generated through a relatively longer embryonic time are destined to be scattered in this distal location in the mutant. Secondly, within the laminar aggregates of the hippocampus in reeler, the more superficial cells tend to be formed earlier, and the more deeply located ones are the latest formed. A reversed relationship exists in the normal in which the deepest cells are formed earliest, the more superficial ones last. The observations are consistent with the view that a mechanism which provides for orderly lamination of cells in the normal is defective in reeler.
Global Impact of the Antarctic Ozone Hole: Chemical Propagation

A model is presented for the chemical mixing of stratospheric air, that combines photochemistry, molecular diffusion, and strain (i.e., the stretching of air parcels due to wind shear). The model is applied to the case in which chemically perturbed air parcels from the Antarctic stratosphere are transported to mid-latidudes and strained into thin ribbon-like filaments until they are diffusively mixed with the ambient stratosphere. Results show that, following the breakup of the polar vortex, Antarctic air with substantially depleted ozone will not contribute any additional ozone loss at mid-latitudes as it is mixed with ambient air, supporting the results of simulations of the Antarctic ozone hole by Prather et al. (1990). Nevertheless, air processed by polar stratospheric clouds but transported to mid-latitudes before substantive ozone depletion, can lead to additional loss after mixing with ambient air.
Measuring disease severity in patients with end-stage renal disease: validity of the Craven et al. ESRD Severity Index

The validity of a recently developed measure of disease severity, the End-stage Renal Disease Severity Index (Craven et al. 1991) was examined in haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (total N = 82). Scores on the ESRD Severity Index were compared with three commonly identified components of disease severity: physiological indices of severity, functional status, and psychological burden of illness. For the entire group of subjects, scores on the ESRD Severity Index were negatively associated with functional ability and positively related to physiological severity. ESRD Severity Index scores showed a weaker relationship with psychological burden of illness which depended in part on treatment mode. Disease severity scores were positively related to depression in CAPD patients but not in HD patients. These findings suggest that the ESRD Severity Index is a valuable research tool with construct validity.
Familial Risk of Pancreatic Cancer

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Although smoking and age are known risk factors for pancreatic cancer, several case reports and case-control studies have suggested that there is also a familial risk. We evaluated whether a family history of pancreatic cancer increases the risk of pancreatic cancer in first-degree relatives and whether smoking and younger age at cancer diagnosis further increase this risk. Methods: We conducted in-person interviews with 247 patients (case probands) with pancreatic cancer and 420 population-based control probands to collect risk factor data and pancreatic cancer family history for 1816 first-degree relatives of the case probands and 3157 first-degree relatives of the control probands. We analyzed the data by unconditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for correlated data by use of generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: A positive family history of pancreatic cancer (i.e., being related to a case proband) or ever-smoking cigarettes approximately doubled the risk of pancreatic cancer (relative risk [RR] = 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32 to 4.69; RR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.83, respectively). The RR increased to 8.23 (95% CI = 2.18 to 31.07) for relatives who ever smoked and were related to a case proband who was diagnosed before age 60 years. Conclusion: Routine questioning of patients about a family history of pancreatic cancer, the age of onset of this cancer in their relatives, and the patient's smoking status may identify individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer. Future research exploring the genetic and environmental interactions associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer is critically important.
Differential Cognitive Cues in Pictorial Depth Perception

Forty predominantly Black third grade children were randomly assigned to eight groups and were asked a question regarding the relationship of elements in Hudson'-s pictorial depth perception task. The question varied in terms of "which (looks or is), (nearer or farther) to (you or man), the elephant or the antelope?" Performance in terms of ability to perceive depth was statistically significantly higher when Ss were asked "which looks/is farther... rather than nearer." No other effects were significant. Results are discussed in terms of the effects of lexical marking and attentional factors inherent in the relational words used in the question.
The lung in space

The lung is exquisitely sensitive to gravity, which induces gradients in ventilation, blood flow, and gas exchange. Studies of lungs in microgravity provide a means of elucidating the effects of gravity. They suggest a mechanism by which gravity serves to match ventilation to perfusion, making for a more efficient lung than anticipated. Despite predictions, lungs do not become edematous, and there is no disruption to, gas exchange in microgravity. Sleep disturbances in microgravity are not a result of respiratory-related events; obstructive sleep apnea is caused principally by the gravitational effects on the upper airways. In microgravity, lungs may be at greater risk to the effects of inhaled aerosols.
Similarity Measure Functions for Strategy-Based Biometrics

Functioning of a biometric system in large part depends on the performance of the similarity measure function. Frequently a generalized similarity distance measure function such as Euclidian distance or Mahalanobis distance is applied to the task of matching biometric feature vectors. However, often accuracy of a biometric system can be greatly improved by designing a customized matching algorithm optimized for a particular biometric application. In this paper we propose a tailored similarity measure function for behavioral biometric systems based on the expert knowledge of the feature level data in the domain. We compare performance of a proposed matching algorithm to that of other well known similarity distance functions and demonstrate its superiority with respect to the chosen domain. Keywords—Behavioral Biometrics, Euclidian Distance, Matching, Similarity Measure.
A multi-threshold online smoothing technique for variable rate multimedia streams

Variable bit rate (VBR) compression for media streams allocates more bits to complex scenes and fewer bits to simple scenes. This results in a higher and more uniform visual and aural quality. The disadvantage of the VBR technique is that it results in bursty network traffic and uneven resource utilization when streaming media. In this study we propose an online media transmission smoothing technique that requires no a priori knowledge of the actual bit rate. It utilizes multi-level buffer thresholds at the client side that trigger feedback information sent to the server. This technique can be applied to both live captured streams and stored streams without requiring any server side pre-processing. We have implemented this scheme in our continuous media server and verified its operation across real world LAN and WAN connections. The results show smoother transmission schedules than any other previously proposed online technique.
Improved large-area, two-terminal InP/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As tandem solar cells

Progress in the development of high-efficiency, large-area, two-terminal InP/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/AS tandem solar cells is reported. Five tandem cells with total areas of /spl sim/4 cm/sup 2/, with 1-sun AM0 efficiencies ranging from 19.4% to 21.1%, were prepared for the STRV-1 satellite solar cell flight experiment. Additionally, an /spl sim/1 cm/sup 2/ tandem cell with a 1-sun AM0 efficiency of 22.2% has been confirmed. Possible further improvements and performance potential are discussed.
Utilization of adipic acid byproducts for energy recovery and enhancement of flue gas desulfurization

Beneficial utilization of two waste streams from adipic acid manufacture is described. The first stream, containing adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids, a mixture referred to as AGS, was found to be very effective in improving the efficiency of limestone scrubbers for removing SO2 from coal-fired power plant flue gases. A small portion of the AGS stream is also used to convert a contaminated distillation residue from cyclohexanol manufacture into a clean boiler fuel. The residue is an oily waste which contains inorganics and a hard-to-separate aqueous phase. The inorganics and aqueous phase are removed by liquid-liquid extraction in a centrifugal contactor.
Route Planning for a Micro-transat Voyage

Many design decisions for an autonomous crossing of the North Atlantic Ocean require an understanding of both the time that the vessel will need to be self-sufficient and the environmental conditions expected. Potential trans-Atlantic routes were evaluated to determine both the design conditions and selecting a route that has a relatively high probability of success. Factors included: prevailing winds, currents, ice, gales, calms, sea state, sunlight, starting date, boat characteristics and ship traffic. Two methods were used; an evaluation of numerous potential routes for initial planning to determine expected times and narrow the potential field of routes and an off-the-shelf sailing yacht route optimization program for routing immediately prior to or during the crossing. The long-term method used climatological data from Pilot Charts. A Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) was used to predict the boat’s performance. Calcualted passage times included the shortest, longest and most-likely. A northern and two southern routes with similar risk were identified.
Analytical Development of the Far-Zone Radiation Integral for an Arbitrary Planar Spiral Antenna

The planar spiral antenna's radiation integral is both conceptually and computationally complex. In the past, the far-field pattern has been found by either approximating the spiral's shape to make the computation tractable, or by using a numerical approximation. In this paper, the radiation integral for an arbitrary planar spiral antenna is now derived without approximating its shape, using a readily understandable differential-geometry analysis. This allows for physical insight into the radiation mechanisms and contributions from the various current components that are otherwise intractable using modern computational codes, and provides a significantly more efficient algorithm in cases when mutual coupling can be neglected. In addition, this analysis and physical insight leads to an effective spiral antenna design tool. Current numerical integration techniques are applied to find the far-zone electric field for an Archimedean spiral antenna using this development. The results are compared with a numerical solution of the electric-field integral-equation formulation to validate the analysis.
Retrieval of a Distal Right Pulmonary Artery Vegetative Embolus Under Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance

Transesophageal echocardiography has proved to be a versatile and valuable diagnostic tool. It has successfully been used to guide valvuloplasties and intracardiac biopsies. However, there is no report in the literature that transesophageal echocardiography has previously been used to diagnose and guide the subsequent retrieval of a vegetative embolus from the distal right pulmonary artery. We report a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis with embolization in which transesophageal echocardiography was used to make the diagnosis and guide the retrieval of the vegetative embolism from the distal right pulmonary artery.
Lack of mobilization of bone and liver zinc under teratogenic conditions of zinc deficiency in rats.

The effect of pregnancy on the zinc content of maternal bone and liver was determined in rats fed either a zinc-deficient or a zinc-supple mented purified diet. Although the zinc content of fetuses from deficient females was lower than that of fetuses from zinc-supplemented controls, the zinc con tent of maternal liver and bone was not significantly lower at term than that of nonpregnant rats fed the same diet for 21 days. These results substantiate the hypothesis that even in the presence of teratogenic zinc deficiency in the fetus, female rats fed a zinc-deficient diet during pregnancy cannot mobilize zinc from body tissues in amounts sufficient to supply the needs of normal fetal develop ment. J. Nutr. 101: 597-604, 1971.
Beitrag des Lenkrads zur aktiven Erkennung des Fahrerzustands

Bei steigender Ausstattungsquote mit Assistenz- und Kommunikationssystemen kommt es immer mehr auf Fahrerbeanspruchung und Unfallrisiko an. Die Informationsflut kann den Fahrer sogar ueberlasten. Zwar weiss man durch die Sensorik wie Kamera, Radar und Lidar schon sehr viel ueber die Umgebung rund um das Fahrzeug, jedoch ist der Zustand im Fahrzeuginneren noch relativ unbekannt. Vorgestellt werden Systeme im Lenkrad, die als Handerkennungssystem (Hands-on Detection, HOD) und integrierte Kamera zur biometrischen Zustandsueberwachung des Fahrers dienen. Das Sicherheitsrisiko durch Nebenbeschaeftigungen soll dadurch minimiert werden. Durch das HOD wird erkannt, wann der Fahrer das Fahrzeug mit der Hand am Lenkrad kontrolliert und in welchen Situationen dies nicht der Fall ist. Das HOD ist kombinierbar mit einer in das Lenkrad integrierten Warnfunktion, die den Fahrer daran erinnert, die Haende zurueck auf das Lenkrad zu legen. Interessant waere die Erweiterung des HOD durch die Messung von Vitalfunktionen. Mit einem in das Lenkrad integrierten, auf den Innenbereich gerichteten Kamerasystem kann das „intelligente“ Fahrzeug nachverfolgen, ob der Fahrer seine ganze Aufmerksamkeit auf die Fahraufgabe richtet und somit Teil der Feedbackschleife ist oder ob er abgelenkt ist und vermehrt Unterstuetzung benoetigt. Fuer eine sichere Automatisierung ist ein bestimmter Grad an sensorischen Messungen am Fahrer unabdingbar. Dafuer wird das Lenkrad eine grosse Rolle spielen.
Rubrene crystal field-effect mobility modulation via conducting channel wrinkling

Building flexible electronic devices demands an understanding of how mechanical deformation affects the active materials. Here, the authors observe and quantify the effects of local strains generated by the wrinkling instability in the conducting channel of rubrene crystal thin-film transistors.
Terrorists and Outlaws

In this paper I continue the discussion, begun in my “Sex Offenders, Unlawful Combatants, and Preventive Detention,” of the indefinite detention of suspected terrorists. I examine recent developments in legislation and executive action concerning suspected terrorists, and in particular the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012.
Covalent Immobilization of Caged Liquid Crystal Microdroplets on Surfaces

Microscale droplets of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) suspended in aqueous media (e.g., LC-in-water emulsions) respond sensitively to the presence of contaminating amphiphiles and, thus, provide promising platforms for the development of new classes of droplet-based environmental sensors. Here, we report polymer-based approaches to the immobilization of LC droplets on surfaces; these approaches introduce several new properties and droplet behaviors and thus also expand the potential utility of LC droplet-based sensors. Our approach exploits the properties of microscale droplets of LCs contained within polymer-based microcapsule cages (so-called "caged" LCs). We demonstrate that caged LCs functionalized with primary amine groups can be immobilized on model surfaces through both weak/reversible ionic interactions and stronger reactive/covalent interactions. We demonstrate using polarized light microscopy that caged LCs that are covalently immobilized on surfaces can undergo rapid and diagnostic changes in shape, rotational mobility, and optical appearance upon the addition of amphiphiles to surrounding aqueous media, including many useful changes in these features that cannot be attained using freely suspended or surface-adsorbed LC droplets. Our results reveal these amphiphile-triggered orientational transitions to be reversible and that arrays of immobilized caged LCs can be used (and reused) to detect both increases and decreases in the concentrations of model contaminants. Finally, we report changes in the shapes and optical appearances of LC droplets that occur when immobilized caged LCs are removed from aqueous environments and dried, and we demonstrate that dried arrays can be stored for months without losing the ability to respond to the presence of analytes upon rehydration. Our results address practical issues associated with the preparation, characterization, storage, and point-of-use application of conventional LC-in-water emulsions and provide a basis for approaches that could enable the development of new "off-the-shelf" LC droplet-based sensing platforms.
Sensory feedback by peripheral nerve stimulation improves task performance in individuals with upper limb loss using a myoelectric prosthesis.

Objective. Tactile feedback is critical to grip and object manipulation. Its absence results in reliance on visual and auditory cues. Our objective was to assess the effect of sensory feedback on task performance in individuals with limb loss. Approach. Stimulation of the peripheral nerves using implanted cuff electrodes provided two subjects with sensory feedback with intensity proportional to forces on the thumb, index, and middle fingers of their prosthetic hand during object manipulation. Both subjects perceived the sensation on their phantom hand at locations corresponding to the locations of the forces on the prosthetic hand. A bend sensor measured prosthetic hand span. Hand span modulated the intensity of sensory feedback perceived on the thenar eminence for subject 1 and the middle finger for subject 2. We performed three functional tests with the blindfolded subjects. First, the subject tried to determine whether or not a wooden block had been placed in his prosthetic hand. Second, the subject had to locate and remove magnetic blocks from a metal table. Third, the subject performed the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP). We also measured the subject's sense of embodiment with a survey and his self-confidence. Main results. Blindfolded performance with sensory feedback was similar to sighted performance in the wooden block and magnetic block tasks. Performance on the SHAP, a measure of hand mechanical function and control, was similar with and without sensory feedback. An embodiment survey showed an improved sense of integration of the prosthesis in self body image with sensory feedback. Significance. Sensory feedback by peripheral nerve stimulation improved object discrimination and manipulation, embodiment, and confidence. With both forms of feedback, the blindfolded subjects tended toward results obtained with visual feedback.
Milestones and Developments in US Naval Carrier Aviation Part II

Eugene Ely’s demonstrations of take-off from and landing on ships was followed closely by Glenn Curtiss demonstrating seaplane take-off from and landing on water, and the beginning of catapult development for surface warships. However, U.S. Naval Aviation until after World War I centered on flying boats operating from coastal bases. By the 1920’s, catapults for surface ships and an experimental aircraft carrier received considerable attention, and a role for Naval Aviation in fleet operations was solidified. For surface ships the compressed air catapult and the powder catapult remained in use through World War II. Meanwhile, compressed air catapults on Langley were followed by fly wheel catapults on Lexington and Saratoga, and these in turn gave way to hydraulic catapults in the mid 1930s. During World War II the necessity of using catapults on Escort Carriers (CVEs), as well as the need for larger deck parks and night operations on the fleet carriers (CVs) made the catapult an integral part of carrier operations. With the introduction of jet aircraft to carriers, and the experience of the war in Korea, the hydraulic catapult was reaching its limits. The UK Royal Navy developed the steam catapult in the early 1950s which is still in use today. A discussion of the Flexdeck program in the mid 1950s is also included.
Potential, Potential, Potential: The Marriage of Oral History and the World Wide Web

In just over a decade, the World Wide Web has gone from appearing as just a blip on the radar of the general public to looming into view as a major cultural entity. In academic circles, discussions concerning the Web and its potential have become commonplace. Should material published online count toward tenure? Is plagiarism more rampant now that students have access to so many Internet resources? Does editing discipline-based listservs constitute professional service? Scanning the session titles from the annual meetings of the Oral History Association (OHA) for the last three years makes it apparent that the Web is the source of serious discussions within the oral history community as well. Since 1998, no fewer than two workshops, eleven sessions, six meetings, and nine additional papers (not included in the counted sessions) have touched on the interplay of oral history and the Web.1 This interest sparks some questions about the uses of oral history on the Internet that provide the focus of this essay. How are people tying the methodology to the technology? Who is using the Web and how? The answers to these questions revolve around one key word potential. The Web's utility in oral history is related to how people generally envision using this new technology. That is evident in the four main kinds of sites on today's Web. Some utilize the technological infrastructure for e-commerce. Others make information available to a wider public. A third type uses sites as teaching tools or resources, while a fourth constructs sites that express creativity. With the possible exception of blatant commercialism, the larger state of the Web closely reflects that of the oral history community.2
Histology and Cytochemistry of Skin Gland Areas in the Caribou, Rangifer

The microscopic structure and glandular cytochemistry of three specialized cutaneous areas in the caribou form the subject of this report. These are the tarsal gland area, the interdigital gland areas and the preorbital pocket. Their location and gross structure may be seen in Plate I. These structures have been shown to vary in their presence and structure among artiodactyls, and have been most recently reviewed by Schaffer (1940). There is still much, however, that is unknown concerning them, particularly regarding seasonal and sexual variation and microscopic structure and chemistry of the glands. It is hoped that this report will help fill these deficiencies for the caribou, and provide significant information for behavioristic and phylogenic studies as well as for comparative glandular cytology and cytochemistry. I am very grateful to Ralph S. Palmer for obtaining and providing the skin samples upon which this study is based. Financial support for publication was provided by funds derived from income on the endowment of the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan. This study is based upon skin samples from an adult male and an adult female, both shot at Anaktuvik Pass, Brooks Range, Alaska on April 3, 1950. The skin samples were fixed in a formalin-alcohol mixture and were later stored in 70 per cent alcohol. Blocks of tissue, the locations of which are indicated in Plate I, were cut from the samples, washed, dehydrated through a series of ethanol solutions to benzene, and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections 10 microns in thickness were treated by the following techniques. (1) Ehrlich's acid hematoxylin and eosin Y (Bensley and Bensley, 1938). (2) Taenzer-Unna acid orcein method for elastic fibers (Lillie, 1948. The orcein, dissolved in 70 per cent ethanol was used at room temperature. Azure II (Nat. Aniline …
Characteristics and Measurement of an Organizational Typology

An organizational typology based on three adaptive strategies is described, and studies designed to test the validity of the associated theory and of its predictions, for both manufacturing and ret...
A 20-year-old woman with fatigue and palpitations.

Her blood pressure is 92/48 mm Hg, and her electrocardiogram shows abnormalities. What is going on?
Application of PP Material in Automotive Lightweighting Scheme

The present development status of domestic automobile industry lightweighting was researched,and the application prospect of low density PP material was reviewed. Then the lightweighting conditions of door trim,pillar,threshold layering,bumper and wheel cover with low density PP material were illustrated. Reducing components weight by choosing suitable low density PP materials and reducing component cost through thinning design were elaborated.
The effect of case rate and coinfection rate on the positive predictive value of a registry data-matching algorithm.

OBJECTIVE Statistical modeling has suggested that the prevalence of false matches in data matching declines as the events become rarer or the number of matches increases. We examined the effect of case rate and coinfection rate in the population on the positive predictive value (PPV) of a matching algorithm for HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease (STD) surveillance registry data. METHODS We used LinkPlus™, a probabilistic data-matching program, to match HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in New York City (NYC) from 1981 to March 31, 2012, and reported to the NYC HIV/AIDS surveillance registry against syphilis and chlamydia cases diagnosed in NYC from January 1 to June 30, 2010, and reported to the NYC STD registry. Match results were manually reviewed to determine true matches. RESULTS With an agreement/disagreement comparison score cutoff value of 10.0, LinkPlus identified 3,013 matches, of which 1,582 were determined to be true by manual review. PPV varied greatly in subpopulations with different case rates and coinfection rates. PPV was the highest (91.6%) in male syphilis cases, who had a relatively low case rate but a high HIV coinfection rate, and lowest (18.0%) in female chlamydia cases, who had a high case rate but a low HIV coinfection rate. When the cutoff value was increased to 15.0, PPVs in male syphilis and female chlamydia cases increased to 98.3% and 90.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Case rates and coinfection rates have a significant effect on the PPV of a registry data-matching algorithm: PPV decreases as the case rate increases and coinfection rate decreases. Before conducting registry data matching, program staff should assess the case rate and coinfection rate of the population included in the data matching and select an appropriate matching algorithm.
The Role of Proctorship for Independent Sales Representatives: Influencing Effective Inter-Organizational Relationships

Independent sales representatives work in heterogeneous sales environments, have little direct managerial influence, great responsibilities, and are faced with the role of self-management to achieve both supplier and self-desired outcomes. An adaptation of a previously proposed schema of control, proctorship, is presented. Introducing the complexity of controlling independent sales representatives.
Spatial and non-spatial aspects of visual attention: Interactive cognitive mechanisms and neural underpinnings.

Abstract In humans and non-human primates, the parietal lobe plays a key role in spatial attention – the ability to extract information from regions of space. This role is thought to be mediated by “priority” maps that highlight attention-worthy locations, and provide top-down feedback for motor orienting and attentional allocation. Traditionally, priority signals within the parietal cortex have been characterized as being purely spatial, i.e., encoding the desired locus of gaze or attention regardless of the context in which the brain generates that selection. Here, we highlight evidence from human behavior and neuroimaging as well as monkey physiology, to argue that non-spatial responses are critical to the establishment of priority maps in parietal cortex. This review offers an integrative view of the role that parietal cortex plays in attentional selection, providing evidence that priority maps reflect spatial and non-spatial priorities that ultimately act on sensory information in a spatial way.
Beardsley, Sibley, and critical principles

La critique artistique requiert-elle des principes generaux? Les positions de M. Beardsley et F. Sibley
The Variation in Student Achievement and Behavior Within a Portfolio Management Model Early Results From New Orleans

A growing number of states experimented with alternative governance structures in response to pressure to raise student achievement. Post-Katrina experimentation in New Orleans was widely regarded as a model example of new governance reforms and provided a unique opportunity to learn about the variation in student achievement and behavior within and between school sectors and school types. Our results indicated many of the sector and school type combinations that produced higher math and English Language Arts achievement also positively impacted students’ behavior, suggesting that the achievement results were not merely driven by teaching to the test. Finally, our results suggested in a low-performing district, schools may benefit from the collaborative opportunities of belonging to a local school district or network of schools.
Serological Materno-Fetal Incompatibility in Nonhuman Primates

The pathogenesis of erythroblastosis fetalis in man seems to be well known and understood (Wiener and Wexler, 1950; Wiener, 1961). In the classic case, an Rh-negative pregnant woman becomes sensitized to the Rh factor, usually as a result of transplacental leakage of fetal Rh-positive blood into her circulation. The resulting maternal Rh antibodies readily pass through the placenta into the fetal circulation and then coat the red cells of the fetus, leading to their destruction and giving rise to manifestations of hemolytic disease. In the most severe cases, there is stillbirth or hydropic or macerated fetus with marked hepatosplenomegaly; less severely affected offspring are liveborn with pronounced jaundice (icterus gravis) which may lead to kernicterus, causing severe mental retardation. The mildest manifestation is hemolytic anemia. As can be expected, the severity of the manifestations is usually correlated with the degree of sensitization of the mother, i.e., the higher the titer of the maternal antibodies, the greater the stillbirth rate.
Molecular systematics of tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of major clades, development of leaf–like whorls, and biogeography

Rubieae are centered in temperate regions and characterized by whorls of leaf-like structures on their stems. Previous studies that primarily included Old World taxa identified seven major clades with no resolution between and within clades. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of the tribe, based on three chloroplast regions (rpoB-trnC, trnC-psbM, trnL-trnF-ndhJ) from 126 Old and New World taxa, is estimated using parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Seven major clades are strongly supported within the tribe, confirming previous studies. Relationships within and between these seven major clades are also strongly supported. In addition, the position of Callipeltis, a previously unsampled genus, is identified. The resulting phylogeny is used to examine geographic distribution patterns and evolution of leaf-like whorls in the tribe. An Old World origin of the tribe is inferred from parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. At least eight subsequent dispersal events into North America occurred from Old World ancestors. From one of these dispersal events, a radiation into North America, followed by subsequent diversification in South America, occurred. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions infer the ancestral whorl morphology of the tribe as composed of six organs. Whorls composed of four organs are derived from whorls with six or more organs. Transitions between four and six or more organs per whorl are common within the tribe, whereas reduction to two leaves at a node is derived and rare.
The Brain Network Underpinning Novel Melody Creation

Abstract Musical improvisation offers an excellent experimental paradigm for the study of real-time human creativity. It involves moment-to-moment decision-making, monitoring of one's performance, and utilizing external feedback to spontaneously create new melodies or variations on a melody. Recent neuroimaging studies have begun to study the brain activity during musical improvisation, aiming to unlock the mystery of human creativity. What brain resources come together and how these are utilized during musical improvisation are not well understood. To help answer these questions, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals from 19 experienced musicians while they played or imagined short isochronous learned melodies and improvised on those learned melodies. These four conditions (Play-Prelearned, Play-Improvised, Imagine-Prelearned, Imagine-Improvised) were randomly interspersed in a total of 300 trials per participant. From the sensor-level EEG, we found that there were power differences in the alp...
Abstract 4071: Cancer stem cell-induced vascularization of skin cancer tumors

Our previous studies identify a subpopulation of epidermal cancer stem (ECS) cells in human squamous cell carcinoma that are efficient tumor formers. These cells display enhanced invasion and migration, and form large, invasive and highly aggressive tumors. We now show that ECS cells produce highly vascularized tumors. This is confirmed visually and by detection of increased expression of the CD31 endothelial cell marker. To understand the molecular basis for increased vascularization, we assayed for ECS cell and non-stem cancer cell production of angiogenic factors. Pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF-A, HIF-1α and MMP9, are produced at high level in ECS cell-derived tumors, as compared to non-stem cancer cell tumors. In addition, anti-angiogenic factor production (thrombospondin-1, endothelin-1, serpin B5) is reduced. This is consistent with the finding that ECS cell tumor extracts more efficiently stimulate HUVEC cell tube formation. Moreover, these ECS tumor-derived cells display enhanced spheroid formation, and cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of VEGF-A or VEGFR2, or treatment with anti-VEGF-A attenuates these events. In addition, treatment with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF-A) suppresses tumor formation in vivo. These studies suggest that the VEGF-A signaling pathway is enhanced in ECS cells and is in part responsible the ability of these cells to form aggressive and highly vascularized tumors. Citation Format: Dan Grun, Gautam Adhikary, Richard Eckert. Cancer stem cell-induced vascularization of skin cancer tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4071
Chassis inventory management at U.S. container ports:modelling and case study

Recently, marine container chassis have emerged at the forefront of container port operations in the United States, after shipping lines stopped providing chassis as part of their service. With the operation and management responsibilities transferred to new parties, chassis dislocation has been a major problem across the United States. To ensure chassis availability, one response has been the creation of so-called neutral chassis pools, introducing new challenges for container port operations. This paper presents a mathematical model that can be used to objectively support the management and planning of neutral chassis pools. An empirical case study is provided to illustrate the model.
Use of laboratory incubation techniques to estimate greenhouse gas footprints from conventional and no-tillage organic agroecosystems

Abstract Organic agroecological systems “produce goods using methods that preserve the environment” but can be a substantial source of greenhouse gases (GHG) if not managed properly. The objective of this experiment was to monitor nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) transformations in soils resulting from N additions, water filled pore space (WFPS) and prior tillage management during a simulated freeze-thaw. Incubated soils were taken from two USDA certified organic five-year small grain rotations with mixed legume cover crops that varied only in tillage, conventional (CT) vs. no-tillage (NT) for 3 yr prior to sampling. Soils incubated for 149 d were left unamended or amended with 15N labelled urea or sugar beet residue and maintained at 40, 60 and 80% WFPS. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) verified that soils amended with beet vs urea clustered separately in ordination space. A two way PerMANOVA analysis confirmed a significant interaction between WFPS and N amendment (p = 0.0002). Prior tillage management, N treatment and WFPS had a significant effect on GHG emission from soils. At 40% WFPS, soil previously in NT amended with beet residues emitted more nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) relative to soil previously in CT. At 60% WFPS, soil previously in CT amended with beet residues emitted greater N2O and less CO2 relative to soil previously in NT. Our research indicates that climate, carbon stocks and duration of prior tillage management determined the potential of no-till to reduce GHG emissions during a simulated freeze-thaw. Growers should note that as much as 4.51% of nitrates (NO3−) in residues can be lost as N2O at an average soil temperature of 10 °C.
Osteoporotic Pertrochanteric Hip Fractures

The incidence of hip fractures in the United States is 250,000 per year and is predicted to grow to 500,000 by 20401. The current cost is estimated to be ten billion dollars per year2,3. Nearly nine of ten hip fractures occur in patients older than sixty-five years of age, and about three of four occur in women (Fig. 1). Approximately half of these injuries are intertrochanteric fractures, occurring at an annual rate of sixty-three per 100,000 in elderly women and thirty-four per 100,000 in elderly men4. Fig. 1: Incidence of hip fractures as related to age and gender. (Reprinted, with permission, from: Baumgaertner MR, Chrostowsky JH, Levy RN. Skeletal trauma. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998. p 1833. [Redrawn from: Apple DF Jr, Hayes WC, editors. Prevention of falls and hip fractures in the elderly. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1993.]) The vast majority of these fractures occur after a simple fall, and hospitalized patients have an elevenfold increased frequency compared with aged-matched controls5-7. In 1996, Koval et al. found that positive predictors of independence after injury included an age of less than eighty-five years, three or more medical comorbidities, prefracture independence, and ambulatory status at discharge8. Furthermore, Koval et al. reported, in 1998, that fracture type is not a predictor of mortality or recovery of the ability to walk9, despite previous reports to the contrary10. Look for these related articles in Instructional Course Lectures , Volume 53, which will be published by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in March 2004: Bone density has been noted to be predictive of intertrochanteric fractures, with these fractures …
A spatially explicit assessment of water use by the global semiconductor industry

The semiconductor industry utilizes vast freshwater resources for its high-tech manufacturing processes. This work will enumerate the impact of the global semiconductor manufacturing industry on water resources. A global inventory of semiconductor manufacturing capacity, in combination with an approximation of water use required to manufacture an individual semiconductor chip, will be used to estimate water consumption by each semiconductor fabrication facility and globally. A simplified water stress assessment will be conducted by multiplying facility water use data by a water scarcity factor. Maps of the scarcity weighted water use will be used to identify watersheds that may be disproportionately impacted by semiconductor manufacturing water use. This may be especially important for regions of growth in the semiconductor industry such as China and Southeast Asia. Once these areas have been identified a detailed water footprint for the facilities located in the subwatershed of interest can be conducted.
Attachment Proteins and Their Role in Extracellular Matrices

It has long been appreciated that extracellular matrices provide tissues with their strength, stability, and structure (Gross, 1974; Hay, 1981a, b). However, the extracellular matrix itself was considered to be rather inert and to show little specificity. More recently, it has been established that different tissues contain unique matrices generated by the resident cells, such as those associated with fibrous tissues, cartilage, and basement membranes. The components of these different matrices, which include collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins, are different in each tissue both in terms of type and amount (Bornstein and Sage, 1980; Burgeson et al., 1976; Chung and Miller, 1974; Levitt and Dorfman, 1974; Levitt et al., 1975; Goetinck et al., 1974; Royal and Goetinck, 1977; Kefalides et al., 1979; Hay, 1981a, b; Kleinman et al., 1981, 1982a; Miller et al., 1971; Miller and Matukas, 1969, 1974). Further, it appears likely that the proteins produced for the matrix of a given tissue show specific interactions that generate a supramolecular complex of defined stoichiometry. This supramolecular complex not only determines the physical properties of the tissue but also defines the phenotype of the cells in contact with it.
Some Geometry of Function Space

To avoid punctiliousness, which would obscure rather than clarify the essentials, we agreed in Chapter 6† to make no distinction between a linear manifold and a subspace, giving both the common name “subspace.” Practically, this amounts to assuming that every manifold of interest is closed.