cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caffeine Co-Crystal Mechanics Evaluated with a Combined Structural and Spectroscopic Approach

In this report caffeine (CAF) co-crystallization with a fluoro-nitrobenzoic acid (F-NBA) yields a new solid form with superior tableting performance. A primary N···H–O synthon connects the basic nitrogen of CAF with the carboxylic acid of F-NBA to result in a layered structure with supportive CH3···O interactions. Over the entire compaction pressure range of nominally 50–300 MPa, the co-crystal displayed improved tensile strength relative to the individual co-formers that demonstrated tensile strengths consistently below 2 MPa. Qualitatively we interpret this tableting improvement for the co-crystal a result of increased plasticity manifested from the layered co-crystal structure, an observation consistent with previous co-crystal studies on modified material mechanics that suggest facile slip plane activation supports improved tableting. Powder Brillouin light scattering (BLS) is further introduced as a novel tool to rapidly evaluate elastic anisotropy to complement our structural interpretation of table...
Neurocognitive Predictors of Declining Financial Capacity in Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify cognitive predictors of declining financial capacity (FC) in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods: Participants were 66 cognitively normal older adults and 49 persons with MCI who completed neuropsychological testing and a performance measure of financial capacity (Financial Capacity Instrument; FCI) at baseline and two-year follow-up. We calculated two-year change scores for neuropsychological tests and FCI total score. We examined bivariate correlations between demographic/clinical variables and FCI change score, and between neuropsychological and FCI change scores. The five strongest bivariate correlates were entered into a linear regression analysis to identify longitudinal predictors of financial decline within group.Results: Persons with MCI showed significant decline on the FCI and most cognitive variables, while controls demonstrated relatively stable performance. For persons with MCI, education correlated with FCI change score. The top four cognitive...
Instantaneous frequency analysis shows greater sensitivity to parasympathetic components of heart rate than spectral analysis

Septic shock is a leading cause of hospital deaths in the United States. A system to detect initial immune response to an infection could allow for treatment before septic shock occurs, which would save many lives. Here, we demonstrate the analysis of beat-to-beat heart rate intervals using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) as a method of detection of the immune/inflammatory response. The HHT is ideal for nonlinear nonstationary signals. This works by detecting differences in the heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic signaling to the heart. The instantaneous frequency (IF) as computed via the HHT was compared with spectral analysis and pNN50, Our data set were beat-to-beat intervals measured from subjects administered bacterial endotoxin ranging in dose from 0.1-2.0 ng/kg. Measurements were compared with placebo. While all measurements accurately differentiated the 2.0 ng/kg dosage and placebo groups, the IF showed improved discrimination at lower dosages. The first mode was found to be most significant for discrimination, though each mode could classify subjects with at least 77% accuracy, indicating that information is contained at many scales within the beat-to-beat intervals. The IF appears to have superior sensitivity to parasympathetic signaling reflected in the beat-to-beat interval.
The EU Apple Case: Who Has a Dog in the Fight?

This is a reductionist article. It provides a simplified diagram and explanation of Apple's foreign tax planning that eliminates complexities not necessary to an understanding of either the relevant EU or U.S. tax issues. The primary focus of the article is identification of the stakeholders in the controversy over the EU Commission's Apple decision, analysis of their interests, and evaluation of the impact of the Apple decision on those interests. Finally, the article explains that but for the deferral feature of U.S. international income tax law, the Apple case would not have happened.
Hybrid Text-based Deception Models for Native and Non-Native English Cybercriminal Networks

Cybercriminals are increasingly using Internet messaging to exploit their victims. We develop and apply a text-based deception detection approach to build hybrid models for detecting cybercrime in the text Internet communications from native and non-native English speaking cybercriminal networks, where our models use both computational linguistics (CL) and psycholinguistic (PL) features. We study four types of deception-based cybercrime: fraud, scam, favorable fake reviews, and unfavorable fake reviews. We build two types of generalized hybrid models for both native and non-native English speaking cybercriminal networks: 2-dataset and 3-dataset hybrid models using Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, and kth Nearest Neighbor algorithms. All 2-dataset models are trained on any two forms of cybercrime in different web genres, which are then used to detect and analyze other types of cybercrime in web genres that were not part of the training set to establish model generalizability. Similarly, the 3-dataset models are trained on any three forms of cybercrime in different web genres, that are also used to detect and analyze cybercrime in a web genre that was not part of the training set. Model performance on the test datasets ranges from 60% to 80% accuracy, with the best performance on detection of unfavorable reviews and fraud, and notable differences emerged between detection in messages from native and non-native English speaking groups. Our work may be applied as provider- or user-based filtering tools to identify cybercriminal actors and block or label undesirable messages before they reach their intended targets.
Analysis of deterministic and stochastic mathematical models with resistant bacteria and bacteria debris for bacteriophage dynamics

Abstract Bacteriophages, more colloquially known as phages, are viruses that kill bacteria. Phages are used to treat bacterial infections. In this paper, an underlying deterministic bacteriophage model is extended with the objective of investigating bacteria-phage dynamics taking into account resistant bacteria and bacteria debris, and is analyzed. In addition, this extended model accounts for multiple phage attachment and phage loss due to attachment to latently and actively infected bacteria. Based on this extended deterministic model, two new stochastic models, a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) model and an Ito stochastic differential equation (SDE) model were derived and analyzed. Numerical examples illustrate some of the dynamics of the bacteriophage interaction when resistant bacteria are present.
Domain Structures of Ni and NiFe (Oxy)Hydroxide Oxygen-Evolution Catalysts from X-ray Pair Distribution Function Analysis

Ni–Fe (oxy)hydroxides, Ni(1–z)FezOxHy, are among the fastest-known water oxidation catalysts in alkaline media on a per-cation basis. At current densities relevant for electrolysis (e.g., >0.5 A/cm–2), mass and electron transport through catalyst films with high mass loading are critical and depend substantially on the extended and intermediate catalyst architecture. Here we use X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to determine the intermediate nanostructures of electrodeposited Ni(1–z)FezOxHy films. We report the effects of electrodeposition technique (pulsed versus continuous), electrochemical cycling, and Fe content on the structure of the catalyst film. The PDF patterns for Ni(1–z)FezOxHy films are best simulated by model structures consisting of brucite-like β-Ni(OH)2 fragments 1 to 3 layers in thickness. Only the oxidation state of the film significantly affects the intralayer scattering behavior (i.e., metal–oxygen bond distance). The interlayer interactions, however, are affected by Fe ...
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a condition that continues to perplex both the clinician and the research worker. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the field of pancreatic disease associated with the ingestion of alcohol.* Striking geographical variations in incidence exist, while within any given area there is considerable variability in the presenting symptoms and in the amount of drinking required to produce them. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which the ingestion of alcohol can lead to pancreatitis are poorly understood.
An Introduction to the Bootstrap

(1995). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 90-91.
The Boss’ Healthy Buddies Nutrition Resource Is Effective for Elementary School Students

Previously we have shown that our Healthy Eating Decisions school-based intervention can influence students' selections of the healthiest foods available in their elementary school cafeterias through positive reinforcement techniques. Although effective, we recognized that students were missing fundamental nutrition knowledge necessary to understand why the Healthy Eating Decisions program identified particular beverages and foods as the healthiest in the cafeteria. Therefore, we developed the Boss' Healthy Buddies nutrition education resource as a freely available curriculum matched with South Carolina education standards and designed for elementary school students from kindergarten through fourth grade. The current study implemented Boss' Healthy Buddies and compared its efficacy to a commercially available nutrition program, CATCH. Elementary school students in Spartanburg, South Carolina, received weekly twenty-minute Boss' Healthy Buddies lessons for eight weeks. Results from preassessment and postassessment surveys were compared with a positive control elementary school using the CATCH program and a negative control school receiving no nutrition education. Results show that Boss' Healthy Buddies was equally effective as the CATCH program in improving the nutrition attitudes regarding healthiest beverages and food selections with the advantage of being freely available and minimizing the impact on classroom instruction time. In order to reduce most effectively the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, it is crucial that children are taught nutrition education to support healthy eating habits at an early age. Both the Healthy Eating Decisions school-based intervention and the Boss' Healthy Buddies nutrition education program are available online for use as free resources to aid in reducing childhood overweight and obesity within elementary schools.
A Dialogue with Medical Interpreters about Rhetoric, Culture, and Language

Through conversations with medical interpreters who work in Grand Rapids, Michigan, this dialogue piece illustrates multiple ways that medical interpretation can be further considered as a method and practice within the rhetoric of health and medicine (RHM). By sharing specific methodological frameworks for researching medical interpretation, the authors introduce possibilities for how RHM research can continue to engage in work that extends beyond English-dominant communication.
The Sisler Lacrimal Canalicular Trephine

The Sisler trephine makes recanalization of a distally blocked lacrimal canaliculus an office procedure as opposed to major surgical microdissection in an operating room setting. The uniform, cylindrically shaped bolus of scar tissue removal makes for a sculptured passageway through the previous obstruction which, with its smooth and clean edges, is less likely to reocclude with time.
On the L(2,1)-labelings of amalgamations of graphs

The problem of assigning frequencies to transmitters in a radio network can be modeled through vertex labelings of a graph, wherein each vertex represents a transmitter and edges connect vertices whose corresponding transmitters are operating in close proximity. In one such model, an L(2,1)-labeling of a graph G is employed, which is an assignment fof nonnegative integers to the vertices of G such that if vertices x and y are adjacent, |f(x)-f(y)|>=2, and if x and y are at distance two, |f(x)-f(y)|>=1. The @l-number of G is the minimum span over all L(2,1)-labelings of G. Informally, an amalgamation of two graphs G"1 and G"2 along a fixed graph G"0 is the simple graph obtained by identifying the vertices of two induced subgraphs isomorphic to G"0, one of G"1 and the other of G"2. We provide upper bounds for the @l-number of the amalgamation of graphs along a given graph by determining the exact @l-number of amalgamations of complete graphs along a complete graph. We also provide the exact @l-numbers of amalgamations of rectangular grids along a path, or more specifically, of the Cartesian products of a path and a star with spokes of arbitrary lengths.
Opciones para reducir la pobreza rural en América Latina y el Caribe

Aunque la mayoria de la poblacion total y de la poblacion pobre en America Latina y el Caribe se encuentra en los centros urbanos, en terminos relativos la pobreza sigue siendo un fenomeno rural en la region. La incidencia de la pobreza y de la pobreza extrema es mucho mayor en las zonas rurales que en las urbanas. Sin ir mas alla, en 1997 mas de la mitad de los hogares rurales vivia en la pobreza y cerca de un tercio en situacion de pobreza extrema. Ademas, la dificil situacion economica de la mayoria de los paises de la region en los ultimos dos anos seguramente ha deteriorado esas cifras. A los pobres de las zonas rurales de la region se les plantean por lo menos tres problemas basicos: i) nutricion insuficiente, mala salud y servicios educativos deficientes; ii) escasas oportunidades de empleo productivo en la agricultura y en actividades no agricolas; y iii) bajo grado de organizacion para promover efectivamente los intereses rurales. El numero y la variedad de circunstancias que causan la pobreza rural, asi como la heterogeneidad de condiciones en que se presenta en los distintos paises y regiones dificultan la busqueda de soluciones efectivas y eficientes para elevar el bienestar de la poblacion rural. Este articulo tiene como objetivo destacar varias opciones de accion para reducir la pobreza rural en la region. Para este fin, se centra en tres tipos de posibilidades de accion importantes y complementarias para generar o elevar los ingresos de los pobres de las zonas rurales: uno que se basa en el crecimiento del sector agricola; otro que apunta al uso sostenible y la conservacion de los recursos naturales, y el ultimo basado en la importancia creciente de las actividades economicas rurales que se desarrollan fuera del predio agricola. Hay al menos otras dos posibilidades de reduccion de la pobreza rural: la tradicional migracion a las zonas urbanas y la asistencia destinada a las personas que necesitan transferencias de ingresos para superar el umbral de pobreza o para tener un minimo acceso a las redes de seguridad social.
Liquidity, Investor-Level Tax Rates, and Expected Rates of Return

Prior research predicts a positive relation between expected rates of return and investor-level tax rates. We provide new theory that predicts that lower liquidity amplifies and higher liquidity attenuates this positive relation. We empirically test our prediction using the cuts to individual investors’ maximum statutory tax rates on dividend income and capital gain income enacted by the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA03). Although returns are significantly higher in the four years following than in the four years preceding JGTRRA03, consistent with our prediction we find that the increase in returns is significantly smaller among less liquid firms. This result holds for both dividend-paying and non-dividend-paying firms. In addition to offering a new cross-sectional prediction related to tax capitalization, this paper has important implications for prior tax capitalization studies. First, it suggests that institutional investor ownership could mitigate tax capitalization due to firms with greater institutional investor ownership being more liquid. Second, it suggests that prior studies’ finding that expected rates of return fell more for non-dividend paying than for dividend-paying firms following JGTRRA03 could be due to non-dividend-paying firms being less liquid.
Low-Loss and No-Loss Spectra and Images

The term ‘energy loss’ implies that we are interested only in inelastic interactions, but the spectrum will also contain electrons which have not lost any discernible energy, so we need to consider elastic scattering as well. In this chapter, we’ll focus on the low-energy portion of the EEL spectrum which comprises.
Induction of oil accumulation by heat stress is metabolically distinct from N stress in the green microalgae Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169

Algae are often promoted as feedstock organisms to produce a sustainable petroleum fossil fuel alternative. However, to induce lipid accumulation most often requires a severe stress that is difficult to induce in large batch cultures. The objective of this study is to analyze and mathematically model heat stress on growth, chlorophyll content, triacylglyceride, and starch synthesis in algae. We initially screened 30 algal species for the most pronounced induction of lipid droplets from heat stress using confocal microscopy and mass spectroscopy techniques. One species, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169, was selected and subjected to further biochemical analyses using a jacketed bioreactor amended with 1% CO2 at 25°C, 30°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, and 36°C. Lipid and starch accumulation was less extreme than N stress. Growth was reduced above 25°C, but heat stress induced lipid droplet synthesis was negatively correlated with growth only past a demonstrated threshold temperature above 32°C. The optimal temperature for lipid accumulation was 35°C, which led to 6% of dry weight triglyceride content and a 72% reduction from optimal growth after 5 days. Fatty acid influx rates into triglycerides and 15N labeling of amino acids and proteins indicate that heat stress is mechanistically distinct from N stress. Thus, this study lends support to a novel hypothesis that lipid droplet triglycerides result from a redistribution of carbon flux as fatty acids to neutral storage lipids over membrane or other lipids.
Simulation Study of QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been a desired choice for monitoring and automatic control of remote and unreachable objects and environments due to their low cost. However, such deployment requires quality-of service (QoS) techniques to assure reliable performance. Furthermore, provision of QoS in WSNs is a challenging task due to hardware limitations. A cross-layer approach is a promising option where information from different layers can be used to make QoS decisions. In this paper, we present a routing protocol where information from the application layer is used to make differentiated routing decisions based on data packets classifications. In our case, data packets are classified into: normal, urgent, and critical. Based on this classification each data packet class is treated differently by storing each data packet class in a designated buffer. Different buffers will have different routing priority decided by the protocol designer.
Effects of electrospinning conditions on microstructural properties of polystyrene fibrous materials

The mathematical model developed by Reneker et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4531 (2000)] and Yarin et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 89(5), 3018–3026 (2001)] for modeling filament formation in electrospinning is combined in this work with the structure generation algorithm of Venkateshan et al. [Mater. Des. 96, 27–35 (2016)] to simulate the effects of electrospinning parameters on microstructural properties (i.e., fiber diameter, thickness, and porosity) of the resulting electrospun materials. The model is calibrated using the experimental data obtained from electrospinning polystyrene (PS) fibers. The computational tool developed in this work allows one to study the effects of electrospinning parameters, such as voltage, needle-to-collector distance (NCD), or PS concentration, on the thickness and porosity of the resulting fibrous materials. For instance, it was shown that increasing the voltage or decreasing the NCD in electrospinning polystyrene results in mats with thicker fibers but smaller dimensionless thickness (or lower porosities), in agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature. In addition to serving as a characterization tool for the electrospun materials, the computational model developed in this work can be used to create accurate representations of the surface morphology or the internal geometry of fibrous materials used in a variety of applications, such as particle filtration or droplet separation.
Appropriateness and Total Hip Arthroplasty: Determining the Structure of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons System of Classification.

Objective. In late 2017, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) published an appropriateness classification system using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) approach for patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). We determined the contribution of predictor variables in the system to final classification, rated as “appropriate,” “may be appropriate,” or “rarely appropriate” for hip arthroplasty. Methods. An AAOS-appointed expert panel developed 270 clinical vignettes incorporating all permutations of 5 evidence-driven indication variables associated with hip arthroplasty outcome or need. Indication variables were age, function-limiting pain severity, radiographic hip OA severity, hip motion, and presence of modifiable prognostic risk factors. Multinomial regression determined the relative contribution of each variable and a classification tree method determined variable combinations contributing to final classification. Results. Patient age and hip OA severity were the dominant predictors of appropriateness classification in both statistical models. Function-limiting pain made a slight contribution relative to age and hip OA severity while hip motion and the presence of modifiable prognostic factors did not meaningfully contribute to final classification. The regression model explained about 99% of the variance and the classification tree had an accuracy of 87.8%. Conclusion. Classification for hip arthroplasty appropriateness in the AAOS system is driven almost exclusively by age and OA severity. Function-limiting pain, a major reason patients seek surgery, contributes only slightly to the AAOS appropriateness criteria. The system relies heavily on traditional variables of patient age and radiographic hip OA severity. Future study of actual patient outcomes is needed to further test the validity of the AAOS system.
Co and Fe substitution in YBa2Cu3O7−δ

The limiting substitution of Co or Fe for Cu in the orthorhombic superconducting phase YBa2Cu3O7−δ yields the tetragonal, semiconducting compositions YBa2Cu2CoO7.25 and YBa2Cu2.5 Fe0.5O7.19 after annealing at 400°C and slow cooling in O2. Single-crystal x-ray structural analyses, conductivity and magnetic-susceptibility measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data provide evidence for Co or Fe substitution at the Cu (1) position and intercalation of peroxide ions (O2)2− The two compositions decompose for disintercalation of oxygen beyond O6.7 for Co and O6.4 for Fe when heated in N2. The Cu(2) atoms of tetragonal YBa2Cu4O6 appear to be antiferromagnetic below a Tn ∼ 240 K, which is similar to comparable Cu–O planar nets in stoichiometric La2CuO4.
Machine Learning for Automatic Paraspinous Muscle Area and Attenuation Measures on Low-Dose Chest CT Scans.

Rationale and Objectives To develop and evaluate an automated machine learning (ML) algorithm for segmenting the paraspinous muscles on chest computed tomography (CT) scans to evaluate for presence of sarcopenia. Materials and Methods A convolutional neural network based on the U-Net architecture was trained to perform muscle segmentation on a dataset of 1875 single slice CT images and was tested on 209 CT images of participants in the National Lung Screening Trial. Low-dose, noncontrast CT examinations were obtained at 33 clinical sites, using scanners from four manufacturers. The study participants had a mean age of 71.6 years (range, 70–74 years). Ground truth was obtained by manually segmenting the left paraspinous muscle at the level of the T12 vertebra. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle attenuation (MA) were recorded. Comparison between the ML algorithm and ground truth measures of muscle CSA and MA were obtained using Dice similarity coefficients and Pearson correlations. Results Compared to ground truth segmentation, the ML algorithm achieved median (standard deviation) Dice scores of 0.94 (0.04) in the test set. Mean (SD) muscle CSA was 14.3 (3.6) cm2 for ground truth and 13.7 (3.5) cm2 for ML segmentation. Mean (SD) MA was 41.6 (7.6) Hounsfield units (HU) for ground truth and 43.5 (7.9) HU for ML segmentation. There was high correlation between ML algorithm and ground truth for muscle CSA (r2 = 0.86; p Conclusion The ML algorithm for measurement of paraspinous muscles compared favorably to manual ground truth measurements in the NLST. The algorithm generalized well to a heterogeneous set of low-dose CT images and may be capable of automated quantification of muscle metrics to screen for sarcopenia on routine chest CT examinations.
An experimental and modeling investigation of tensile creep resistance of a stable nanocrystalline alloy

Abstract Nanocrystalline (NC) materials possess excellent room temperature properties, such as high strength, wear resistance, and toughness as compared to their coarse-grained counterparts. However, due to the excess free energy, NC microstructures are unstable at higher temperatures. Significant grain growth is observed already at moderately low temperatures, limiting the broader applicability of NC materials. Here, we present a design approach that leads to a significant improvement in the high temperature tensile creep resistance (up to 0.64 of the melting temperature) of a NC Cu-Ta alloy. The design approach involves alloying of pure elements to create a distribution of nanometer sized solute clusters within the grains and along the grain boundaries. We demonstrate that the addition of Ta nanoclusters inhibits the migration of grain boundaries at high temperatures and reduces the dislocation motion. This leads to a highly unusual tensile creep behavior, including the absence of any appreciable steady-state creep deformation normally observed in almost all materials. This design strategy can be readily scaled-up for bulk manufacturing of creep-resistant NC parts and transferred to other multicomponent systems such as Ni-based alloys.
A systematic review of existing observational tools to measure the food and physical activity environment in schools

Objective measures of schools' wellness-promoting environments are commonly used in obesity prevention studies; however, the extent to which findings from these measures translate to policy and practice is unknown. This systematic review describes the comprehensiveness and usability (practicality, quality, and applicability) of existing objective measures to assess schools' food and physical activity environments. A structured keyword search and standard protocol in electronic databases yielded 30 publications reporting on 23 measures that were deemed eligible to include in this review. Findings provide details to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the best tool for use in policy and program evaluations.
Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: Longitudinal trends in body mass index and outcomes.

Pediatric recipients of HCT may have a high susceptibility for overweight and obesity, and obesity may negatively impact post-transplant mortality and survival. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 297 pediatric patients who received HCT between 2005 and 2018. Patients were classified as UW, NW, OW, or OB based on age-adjusted BMI. A mixed-effects linear regression model controlling for patient, disease, and transplant-related characteristics was used to trend weight longitudinally. Comparisons were made between weight category and post-transplant outcomes. In the pretransplant period, 5.4%, 54.5%, 22.2%, and 17.8% of patients were UW, NW, OW, and OB, respectively. Five years post-transplantation, those numbers were 10.6%, 48.2%, 16.5%, and 24.7%. Overall, BMI increased 0.00094 ± 0.0001 kg/m2 each day post-transplant (P < .001), with older individuals demonstrating greater rates of increase. Further, there was a larger BMI increase in patients without TBI compared with those who received TBI (1.29 ± 0.49, P = .008). Rates of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and viral infections, in addition to time to platelet and neutrophil engraftment and 5-year survival estimates, were not significantly different based on pretransplant BMI. Overweight and obese individuals had poorer 5-year survival based on 100-day post-transplant BMI (P = .02). Overall, pediatric HCT recipients are at risk of developing obesity, which is associated with decreased survival. Adolescents and young adults demonstrate the highest risk of weight gain, representing a vulnerable population that requires close monitoring, additional interventions, and further research.
Gravity dual of gauge theory on S2 × S1 × R

We (numerically) construct new static, asymptotically AdS solutions where the conformal infinity is the product of time and S2 × S1. There always exist a family of solutions in which the S1 is not contractible and, for small S1, there are two additional families of solutions in which the S1 smoothly pinches off. This shows that (when fermions are antiperiodic around the S1) there is a quantum phase transition in the gauge theory as one decreases the radius of the S1 relative to the S2. We also compare the masses of our solutions and argue that the one with lowest mass should minimize the energy among all solutions with conformal boundary S2 × S1 × R. This provides a new positive energy conjecture for asymptotically locally AdS metrics. A simple analytic continuation produces AdS black holes with topology S2 × S1.
The Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte: Content Analysis and Publication Characteristics

The Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte is a leading journal in the area of Reformation history with a long publication history. Content analysis, as a means toward understanding publication patterns...
Transcriptome diversity is a systematic source of bias in RNA-sequencing data

ABSTRACT Background RNA sequencing has been widely used as an essential tool to probe gene expression. While standard practices have been established to analyze RNA-seq data, it is still challenging to detect and remove artifactual signals. Several factors such as sex, age, and sequencing technology have been found to bias these estimates. Probabilistic estimation of expression residuals (PEER) has been used to account for some systematic effects, but it has remained challenging to interpret these PEER factors. Results Here we show that transcriptome diversity – a simple metric based on Shannon entropy – explains a large portion of variability in gene expression, and is a major factor detected by PEER. We then show that transcriptome diversity has significant associations with multiple technical and biological variables across diverse organisms and datasets. This prevalent confounding factor provides a simple explanation for a major source of systematic biases in gene expression estimates. Conclusions Our results show that transcriptome diversity is a metric that captures a systematic bias in RNA-seq and is the strongest known factor encoded in PEER covariates.
Incidence and characteristics of metastatic intracranial lesions in stage III and IV melanoma: a single institute retrospective analysis.

The study aimed to describe the brain metastases (BM) incidence, at diagnosis and follow-up, in patients initially presenting with stage III or IV melanoma and characterize their metastatic brain lesions. We also sought to describe the association of common genetic mutations and immunotherapy with BM development in advanced melanoma. Using our institution’s tumor registry, we identified patients with initial diagnoses of stage III and stage IV melanoma. In this cohort, we obtained BM incidence at diagnosis and follow-up, characterized the metastatic brain lesions and primary tumor’s genetic profile. During the follow-up period, 22.9% of patients with an initial diagnosis of stage III developed BM. In this cohort, the median time for BM occurrence was 20 months; [95% CI (14–29)]. Likewise, 37.7% of patients with Stage IV melanoma presented with BM at the time of diagnosis, and 22.7% of remaining patients developed BM at follow-up over a median duration of 6 months [95% CI (4–11)]. Therefore, suggesting an overall incidence of 51.9% in stage IV melanoma. Next, we observed that the incidence of BM development during the follow-up period significantly decreased from 2012 to 2017 (p < 0.001). Lastly, we found a significantly higher frequency of mutational BRAF in the primary tumor of patients with BM (68.7% vs. 31.2%; p = 0.02). While the overall incidence of BM remains high, the decreasing incidence of BM over the follow-up period is promising. Similar BM incidence in patients with an initial diagnosis of stage III or stage IV warrants appropriate imaging surveillance regimen for stage III patients.
Prevention and Treatment of Obesity for Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Dietary and Pharmacologic Approaches

Obesity is the abnormal accumulation of fat that presents health consequences such as cardiovascular disease. Long-term observational studies from surgical weight loss and recent pharmacotherapy trials imply that weight reduction and maintenance decrease and prevent cardiovascular events. In this chapter, we present dietary, pharmacologic, and surgical therapies available to clinicians for the prevention and treatment of obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor. We focus on caloric restriction and improved diet quality as the foundations for lifestyle interventions in the treatment of obesity and discuss the increasing armamentarium of pharmacotherapy options to reduce appetite and mitigate complications of excess weight. Combinations of dietary, pharmacologic, and surgical therapies will span the continuum of obesity care for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
AML-310: Prognostic Value of CRh in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Venetoclax and Decitabine

Introduction: Recent FDA approvals of novel therapies and hypomethylating agents/venetoclax (HMA-ven) has transformed AML therapy. CR with partial hematological recovery (CRh), defined as bone marrow blasts 0.5×109/L, and platelet count >50×109/L, was used as a surrogate marker for efficacy due to limited data on HMA-ven. We evaluated the impact of CRh on pts treated with 10-day decitabine and venetoclax (DEC10-VEN, NCT03404193). Method: Patients with newly diagnosed AML aged >60 years or patients with secondary AML and antecedent hematological disorder were included. Decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV for 10 days with oral venetoclax 400 mg daily was administered for induction and decitabine (5 days) with daily venetoclax for consolidation. Responses initially recorded were complete response (CR), CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), and morphologically leukemia-free state (MLFS), according to ELN 2017 criteria. Pts who achieved CRi and MLFS were re-classified to CRh. Outcomes evaluated were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Full protocol and interim results have been published (DiNardo et al. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7:e724–36) Results: From January 2018 to February 2021, 125 patients (79 [63%] newly diagnosed, 46 [37%] secondary AML) with a median age of 71 yrs (range 48–89) were included. 69 (55%) pts achieved CR, 11 (8%) pts achieved CRh, 14 (11%) pts achieved CRi, 10 (8%) pts achieved MLFS, and 21 (17%) pts were refractory. Of the 11 CRh pts, 8 (73%) patients were previously classified as CRi and 3 (27%) as MLFS. Among pts achieving CR, the median OS was 24.5 mo, and median EFS was 18.0 mo. CRh was achieved with a median of 1 (range 1–3) cycles. Median OS of CRh vs CRi was 16.9 vs 5.8 mo (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.19–1.13, p=.06), and CRh vs MLFS was 16.9 vs 6.2 mo (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.93, p=.007). Median EFS of pts with CRh vs CRi was 14.1 vs 5.8 mo (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.21–1.14, p=.08); CRh vs MLFS was 14.1 vs 6.2 mo (HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14–1.01, p=.016). Pts achieving CRh had durable remission with a duration of response of 6.0 vs 2.5 mo with CRi and 1 mo with MLFS. Conclusion: In pts with newly diagnosed and secondary AML treated with DEC10-VEN, pts achieving CRh had a trend toward improved OS and EFS compared with CRi or MLFS.
Early Childhood Education Based on Big Data

The progress of science and technology and the development of the Internet make preschool education constantly reform and advance. In particular, the development of big data has brought new opportunities to preschool education. The thinking of big data will change the whole model of preschool education. This paper mainly studies the early childhood education based on big data. In this paper, 24 science education activities in 2 kindergartens in the city were selected as the research samples with the CLASS classroom evaluation and scoring system as the research tool. Data processing is carried out through data mining algorithm, and the interaction behavior of teachers and children in current kindergarten education activities is analyzed. Big data technology has just entered a beginning stage. As the technology continues to mature, it will bring tremendous changes to preschool education that we cannot imagine at present. This paper has certain reference value for the use, influence and development direction of big data in preschool education.
Principal-like ideals and related polynomial content conditions

We discuss several classes of ideals (resp., modules) having properties shared by principal ideals (resp., cyclic modules). These include multiplication ideals and modules and cancellation ideals and modules. We also discuss polynomial content conditions including Gaussian ideals and rings and Armendariz rings.
Medium access for hybrid, large-scale wireless networks for missile defense

Several recent publications have sought to adopt a system-of-systems approach to view the ballistic missile defense system as a large-scale, wireless network. This approach implicitly relies on an effective medium access scheme that can accommodate the large propagation delays encountered in a satellite network. While existing satellite networks typically employ a form of time division multiple access, recent efforts have begun to explore contention-based medium access approaches. In this paper, we propose a flow-specific medium access solution designed to provide the improved delay performance of a contention-based medium access scheme at low contention levels and the throughput performance of a non-contention scheme as the network approaches saturation. Simulation results are provided using a version of the traffic-adaptive cooperative wireless sensor medium access control (CWS-MAC) protocol that has been modified to accommodate the large propagation delays.
Legal Issues Relating to Higher Education Personnel Handbooks.

Courts have frequently interpreted a university’s personnel handbook as a contract that can be violated if the university fails to abide by its terms. Such lawsuits may occur when a university threatens to take adverse action against an employee and often arise in three kinds of circumstances—when situations develop that are not addressed in the handbook, when the university fails to follow handbook procedures for handling a particular personnel matter, or when written expectations for employees are poorly drafted or are subject to differing interpretations. When drafting or reviewing a personnel handbook, university administrators should makes sure the handbook conforms to legal and constitutional requirements. In addition, the handbook should make clear what parts—if any—constitute a contract between the university and the employee and the means whereby the handbook can be amended. In addition, university officials should make sure that the university does not engage in practices that are at variance with the handbook language.
Optical conductivity for the surface of a Topological Insulator

The optical conductivity for the surface excitations for a Topological Insulator as a function of the chemical potential and disorder is considered. Due to the time reversal symmetry the chiral metallic surface states are protected against disorder. This allow to use the averaged single particle Green's function to compute the optical conductivity. We compute the conductivity in the limit of a finite disorder. We find that the conductivity as a function of the chemical potential $\mu $ and frequency $\Omega$ is given by the universal value $\sigma(\Omega>2\mu)= \frac{e^2 \pi}{8h}$. For frequencies $\Omega 1$ we obtain the conductivity is given by $\sigma(\Omega<2|\mu|)=\frac{e^2}{2h}\frac{k_{F}l_{el}}{(\Omega \tau)^2+1}$. In the limit of zero disorder we find $\sigma(\mu\neq0,\Omega, k_{F}l\rightarrow \infty)=\frac{e^2 \pi}{2h}|\mu|\delta(\Omega)$.
Infusing Postmodernism Into Counseling Supervision: Challenges and Recommendations

In this manuscript, two postmodern approaches to counseling supervision are examined: Narrative supervision and solution-focused supervision. Postmodernism is defined, key themes within the postmodern supervision literature are identified, a brief review and critique of the literature on both supervision approaches is provided, and implications for the practice of supervision and future research/scholarship areas are discussed. Author's Notes The author would like to thank Michaela Ambrosius, John Grady, and William Baker for their assistance with this manuscript. Correspondence addressing this article should be sent to shurtsm@mail.montclair.edu
Letter by Rosenberg and Uretsky Regarding Article, “Risks Associated With Statin Therapy: A Systematic Overview of Randomized Clinical Trials”

To the Editor: In regard to the article by Kashani et al,1 the authors conclude that “…statin therapy is associated with small excess …
Combined radiation convection in thermally developing Poiseuille flow with scattering

The solution for thermally developing Poiseuille flow with scattering is obtained by using the method of collocation. The results show that scattering tends to decrease radiation component without affecting the convective component at low optical thicknesses. For moderate to high values of optical thicknesses, both the convective and radiation components are reduced. The relative effect of scattering both on convective and radiation Nusselt numbers appears to be unaffected by a change in the surface emissivity. A significant feature of combined radiation-convection in thermally developing flows appears to be that the total Nusselt number increases downstream of position of minimum rather than approaching an asymptotic value as is the case with corresponding pure convection. Another departure in the behavior appears to be the lack of existence of similarity in the temperature profiles, particularly at low values of conduction-radiation parameter.
Predictors of short-term treatment response in 66 patients with panic disorder

Short-term treatment response in panic disorder was studies in 66 subjects who had completed 3 weeks of treatment with fluvoxamine (n = 23), cognitive therapy (n = 20), or placebo (n = 23). Clinical and self-rated assessments were gathered at baseline, during, and after treatment. Using multiple logistic regression, treatment with fluvoxamine, a low panic attack severity score, and absence of a comorbid personality disorder were identified as significant predictors of recovery. Personality disorder was an important negative predictor to outcome with cognitive therapy. The results support the efficacy of fluvoxamine, and show that patients with low symptom severity and a normal personality respond well to treatment.
Some Remarks Concerning Exact Solution Numbers for a Class of Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems

Abstract Results concern the exact number of solutions for a certain class of nonlinear boundary value problems together with estimates on their sizes. The methods apply to problems with fairly general boundary conditions. Neumann conditions are given special atttention.
The South Italian Family: Literature and Observation

The Italian family has long served as a classic example of familial solidarity in the sociological literature. Actually, however, most citations in American sociology refer more often to the Italo-American family than to the Italian family in its original culture setting. With but few exceptions, these studies were completed before World War II and little has been added to the literature since those crucial years.
A semantic model for graphical user interfaces

We give a denotational model for graphical user interface (GUI) programming using the Cartesian closed category of ultrametric spaces. The ultrametric structure enforces causality restrictions on reactive systems and allows well-founded recursive definitions by a generalization of guardedness. We capture the arbitrariness of user input (e.g., a user gets to decide the stream of clicks she sends to a program) by making use of the fact that the closed subsets of an ultrametric space themselves form an ultrametric space, allowing us to interpret nondeterminism with a "powerspace" monad.Algebras for the powerspace monad yield a model of intuitionistic linear logic, which we exploit in the definition of a mixed linear/non-linear domain-specific language for writing GUI programs. The non-linear part of the language is used for writing reactive stream-processing functions whilst the linear sublanguage naturally captures the generativity and usage constraints on the various linear objects in GUIs, such as the elements of a DOM or scene graph.We have implemented this DSL as an extension to OCaml, and give examples demonstrating that programs in this style can be short and readable.
Structural determinants of haloenol lactone-mediated suicide inhibition of canine myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2

Haloenol lactones are potent mechanism-based inhibitors of a novel class of calcium-independent phospholipases A2 which have been implicated as the enzymic mediators of membrane dysfunction during myocardial ischemia (Hazen, S. L.; et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 7227-7232). Herein we demonstrate that the ring size, hydrophobic group, and cryptic electrophile in the haloenol lactone moiety are important and modifiable determinants of the inhibitory potency of haloenol lactone-mediated inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Direct comparisons between haloenol lactone-mediated inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and the absence of inhibition with calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 further underscore the marked differences in the catalytic strategy employed by these two classes of intracellular phospholipases A2.
Genetic studies of alcoholism and substance dependence.

During the past year, there has been a surge in genetic studies of alcohol and substance dependence. This increased interest is the result both of high repeated-heritability estimates of the addictive disorders and related phenotypes (typically ∼50%–60%) and of the appreciation that methods for detecting, mapping, and characterizing oligogenic susceptibility genes are rapidly improving. Thus, the full promise of genetics may become available to increase prevention and to improve the treatment of these extremely destructive common disorders.