cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing allostery-inspired response in mechanical networks

Recent advances in designing metamaterials have demonstrated that global mechanical properties of disordered spring networks can be tuned by selectively modifying only a small subset of bonds. Here, using a computationally efficient approach, we extend this idea to tune more general properties of networks. With nearly complete success, we are able to produce a strain between any two target nodes in a network in response to an applied source strain on any other pair of nodes by removing only ∼1% of the bonds. We are also able to control multiple pairs of target nodes, each with a different individual response, from a single source, and to tune multiple independent source/target responses simultaneously into a network. We have fabricated physical networks in macroscopic 2D and 3D systems that exhibit these responses. This work is inspired by the long-range coupled conformational changes that constitute allosteric function in proteins. The fact that allostery is a common means for regulation in biological molecules suggests that it is a relatively easy property to develop through evolution. In analogy, our results show that long-range coupled mechanical responses are similarly easy to achieve in disordered networks.
Facilitation of Hematopoietic Reconstitution Via Inhibition of Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell-Mediated SDF-1 Signaling.

Abstract 3859 Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is influenced by specialized bone marrow (BM) microenvironments, but the mechanisms that drive HSC regeneration remain incompletely defined. We have recently reported that deletion of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bak and Bax , in Tie2 + bone marrow endothelial cells (BM ECs)(Tie2Cre;Bak-/-;BaxFl/- mice) caused a significant protection of the BM HSC pool and the BM sinusoidal vasculature in mice following high dose total body irradiation (TBI). We also confirmed that this protection of the BM HSC pool was caused by protection of BM Tie2 + ECs via generation of chimeric mice (Tie2Cre;Bak-/-;BaxFl/- BM; wild type BM ECs) which contained 4.8-fold less BM long-term repopulating HSCs compared to mice bearing deletion of Bak and Bax in both BM HSCs and BM ECs. In order to determine the mechanism through which Tie2 + BM ECs regulate HSC regeneration, we generated primary BM EC lines from Tie2Cre;Bak-/-;BaxFl/- mice and Tie2Cre;Bak-/-;BaxFl/+ control mice. We then compared the capacity for Bak/Bax -/- BM ECs to support BM HSC regeneration in vitro compared to Bak/Bax +/m BM ECs. BM c-kit+sca-1+lin- (KSL) stem/progenitor cells were irradiated with 300 cGy and then placed in 7 day culture with Bak/Bax -/- BM ECs or Bak/Bax +/m BM ECs. Culture with Bak/Bax -/- BM ECs did not yield a significant increase in total viable cells, but yielded 2000-fold increased number of BM KSL cells (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Predictors of emergency department use in children with persistent asthma in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia.

Abstract Background Racial disparities are evident among children with asthma in the United States, with non-Hispanic black children at particularly high risk for poor asthma outcomes, including frequent emergency department (ED) use for asthma exacerbations. Objective To compare asthma features in non-Hispanic black vs white children in Atlanta, Georgia, and determine what clinical features predict future ED use for asthma. Methods Self-reported black and white children 6 to 17 years of age with persistent asthma treated with controller medications completed medical history questionnaires, lung function testing, aeroallergen sensitization testing, and venipuncture. Medical records were reviewed for asthma-related ED visits for 12 months after the initial study visit. Results A total of 276 children were enrolled. Black children, compared with white children, resided in more disadvantaged zip code areas and were more likely to have public insurance. Black children also had more features of asthma severity and more ED visits during the study period. Predictors of ED use, aside from a previous ED visit, differed by race. After adjustment for socioeconomic status, predictors of ED use in white children included an ED visit in the previous year and sensitization to pets and dust; in black children, predictors included ED use in the previous year, the number of asthma controller medications, forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 80% predicted, blood eosinophil count greater than 4%, and mold sensitization. Conclusion Asthma features and ED use differ between black and white children in metropolitan Atlanta. Strategies to eliminate allergen exposure in the home and improve asthma control in these children may require tailoring for different racial groups.
Government-Provided Internet Access, Infrastructures of Free Expression, and the Role of the State

If one’s focus zooms out from the infrastructure and technology involved, Internet access networks are speech spaces. When the government is involved in their development or operation, these spaces are provided either in name or in fact by the State; to use the traditional parlance of First Amendment jurisprudence, these networks are publicly owned property over which citizen expression travels. Due to the pace of change, we run the risk of accepting State-provided digital speech spaces unreservedly as part of our communications infrastructure without asking the fundamental questions of what law applies, what is permissible and what the Constitution bars. Societies must not rush to embrace new technology and, in the process, leave behind all of the longstanding protections from government interference that are well established in every other context. It would be ironic, indeed tragic, if the 21st century speaker loses the protections that were unquestionably enjoyed by the speaker who was communicating in government-provided speech spaces long before the iPhone was even invented.
Bleeding Control With Limb Tourniquet Use in the Wilderness Setting: Review of Science

The purpose of this review is to summarize tourniquet science for possible translation to wilderness settings. Much combat casualty data has been studied since 2005, and use of tourniquets in the military has changed from a last resort to first aid. The US Government has made use of tourniquets a health policy aimed to improve public access to bleeding control items. International authorities believe that education in first aid should be universal, as all can and should learn first aid. The safety record of tourniquet use is mixed, but users are reliably safe if trained well. Well-designed tourniquets can reliably attain bleeding control, may mitigate risk of shock progression, and may improve survival rates, but conclusive proof of a survival benefit remains unclear in civilian settings. Even a war setting has a bias toward survivorship by sampling mostly survivors in hospitals. Improvised tourniquets are less reliable than well-designed tourniquets but may be better than none. The tourniquet model used most often in 2016 by the US military is the Combat Application Tourniquet (C-A-T), and civilians use an array of various models, including C-A-T. Evidence on tourniquet use to date indicates that most uses are safe and effective in civilian settings. Future directions for study relevant to the wilderness setting include consideration of research priorities, study of the burdens of injury or capability gaps in caregiving for various wilderness settings, determination of the skill needs of outdoor enthusiasts and wilderness caregivers, and survey of wilderness medicine stewards regarding bleeding control.
Extended Taylor Frozen-Turbulence Hypothesis and Aero-Optical Phase Disturbances

We model the aero-optics at the surface of an aircraft via an anisotropic spatial power spectrum of optical-index fluctuations. By invoking an extended Taylor hypothesis, we calculate the statistics of spatio-temporal optical-phase perturbations that agree with laboratory observations.
Automatic detection of incomplete requirements using symbolic analysis and evolutionary computation

The usefulness of a system specification depends on the completeness of the requirements specified. Unfortunately it is difficult to ensure a requirements specification includes all necessary requirements, especially when the system interacts with an unpredictable and often idealized environment. Worse yet, a single completeness counterexample may not clearly indicate the extent that incomplete requirements impacts the system or what range of environmental scenarios are affected. This paper introduces Ares-EC, a design-time approach for detecting incomplete requirements decomposition using a combination of evolutionary computation and symbolic analysis of hierarchical requirements models to detect a set of representative incompleteness counterexamples. We illustrate our approach by applying Ares-EC to a requirements model of an industry-based automotive adaptive cruise control system. Ares-EC is able to apply symbolic analysis and evolutionary computation to automatically detect diverse and representative sets of requirements incompleteness counterexamples at design time.
Perdeuterated and 13C-enriched myo-inositol for DNP assisted monitoring of enzymatic phosphorylation by inositol-3-kinase

The synthesis of perdeuterated and 13C enriched myo-inositol is presented. Myo-inositol and its derivatives are of interest as substrates for enzymes producing phosphorylated species with regulatory functions in many organisms. Its utility in monitoring real-time phosphorylation by myo-inositol-3-kinase is illustrated using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to enhance NMR observation.
The Ecstacy of Gold: Patent Expirations for Trastuzumab, Bevacizumab, Rituximab, and Cetuximab

Objective Fully humanized monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors, including ovarian, lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. Among the most widely used monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology are cetuximab, trastuzumab, rituximab, and bevacizumab. Methods This is a review article focusing on the drug patents for cetuximab, trastuzumab, rituximab, and bevacizumab. Results These four monoclonal antibodies are used in both first and second line treatment regimens for multiple common malignancies. With recent patent expirations, pharmaceutical companies involved in biosimilar manufacture are looking to establish ownership over these financial monopolies. Conclusion This article will review these four notable monoclonal antibodies, their role in clinical oncology, and the drug patents that are nearing expiration. There are currently only two biosimilars approved in the United States: the trastuzumab biosimilar trastuzumab-dkst (Ogivri) and the bevacizumab biosimilar bevacizumab-awwb (Mvasi). In Europe, SB3, a trastuzumab biosimilar, is approved for use as well as two rituzimab biosimilars, truxima and rixathon.
Growth and etching characteristics of (001) β-Ga2O3 by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We investigated the homoepitaxial growth and etching characteristics of (001) β-Ga2O3 by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The growth rate of β-Ga2O3 increased with increasing Ga-flux, reaching a clear plateau of 56 nm h−1, and then decreased at higher Ga-flux. The growth rate decreased from 56 to 42 nm h−1 when the substrate temperature was increased from 750 °C to 800 °C. The growth rate was negative (net etching) when only Ga-flux was supplied. The etching rate proportionally increased with increasing the Ga-flux, reaching 84 nm h−1. The etching was enhanced at higher temperatures. It was found that Ga-etching of (001) β-Ga2O3 substrates prior to the homoepitaxial growth markedly improved the surface roughness of the film.
Domain alignment within ferroelectric/dielectric PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice nanostructures

The ferroelectric domain pattern within lithographically defined PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric/dielectric heteroepitaxial superlattice nanostructures is strongly influenced by the edges of the structures. Synchrotron X-ray nanobeam diffraction reveals that the spontaneously formed 180° ferroelectric stripe domains exhibited by such superlattices adopt a configuration in rectangular nanostructures in which domain walls are aligned with long patterned edges. The angular distribution of X-ray diffuse scattering intensity from nanodomains indicates that domains are aligned within an angular range of approximately 20° with respect to the edges. Computational studies based on a time-dependent Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire model show that the preferred direction of the alignment results from lowering of the bulk and electrostrictive contributions to the free energy of the system due to the release of the lateral mechanical constraint. This unexpected alignment appears to be intrinsic and not a result of distortions or defects caused by the patterning process. Our work demonstrates how nanostructuring and patterning of heteroepitaxial superlattices allow for pathways to create and control ferroelectric structures that may appear counterintuitive.
(Invited) Use of E-ALD by SLRR of Cu UPD Layers for the Growth of Pd Thin Films in One-Cell Configuration

This work illustrates the application of electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) by surface limited redox replacement (SLRR) in one-cell configuration for the growth of Pd thin films using underpotentially deposited Cu (CuUPD) as a sacrificial metal. The growth of Pd films on Au was monitored by open circuit chronopotentiometry while the roughness evolution and thickness of accordingly deposited Pd films were assessed by HUPD and CuUPD cyclic voltammetry and stripping experiments, respectively. The growth of smooth Pd films was observed for about 15 equivalent monolayers (MLs) of Pd followed by a rapid transition to dendritic growth. A comparison with counterpart results of Pd SLRR deposition in a flow-cell suggests that the dendritic growth in one-cell is associated with establishment of mass-transport limitations. To address this shortcoming a modified protocol introducing SLRR-cycle disruption and forced convection was applied to demonstrate the growth of 26 MLs thick, smooth and continuous Pd film.
Inter-digital transducers activated acoustic streaming in viscous liquid

Acoustic streaming induced by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) has been widely utilized in various medical and biology applications. For most of the applications, the microfluidic channel is attached to a piezoelectric substrate where the inter-digital transducers (IDTs) are fabricated on it to activate acoustic waves. The acoustic waves would propagate along the substrate surface and generate the “leaky wave” in the channel which causes the acoustic streaming. However, few studies are conducted to analyze the vibration mode of the substrate in the IDTs area and the following phenomenon (e.g., acoustic streaming generated by substrate vibration). In this study, we demonstrate a novel method which includes both simulation and experiment results to identify the substrate vibration and corresponding streaming while the liquid is loading upon the IDTs directly. With this method, we show that the acoustic streaming on top of the IDTs area has a “stagnation point” with a velocity potential to trap and manipulate the objects floating on the surface of the liquid, which is promising in many contactless biomedical applications.
Race and Racism: How Does an Aspiring Social Justice Principal Support Black Student Leaders for Racial Equity Among a Resistant White Staff:

The leaders of the Black Student Union (BSU) at Liberty High School share their school climate and culture survey with Ms. Nguyen, their Asian American principal. Black youth leaders reveal a hosti...
95 – Diabetes Mellitus and Neurocognitive Dysfunction

Diabetes mellitus is not ordinarily considered to be a central nervous system disorder, but there is now much evidence to indicate that diabetic children and adults manifest mild brain dysfunction. Reviewing recent studies that have used neuropsychological, electrophysiological, cerebral blood flow, and neuroimaging techniques, this chapter delineates neurocognitive phenotypes associated with diabetes. Common to all patients is a reduction in speed of information processing, indexed by both cognitive tests and neurophysiological measures. On neuroimaging, cortical gray matter density is reduced, white matter anomalies are often increased, levels of brain metabolites are abnormal, and the rate and distribution of cerebral blood flow is altered. These neurocognitive effects are often quite subtle and subclinical in nature, occur relatively early in the course of the disease, and do not appear to worsen over time unless significant micro- and/or macrovascular disease develops. In addition, older adults with type 2 diabetes show moderately severe learning and memory deficits, which may be correlated with hippocampal atrophy, and which may, in part, be related to a long history of hyperinsulinemia. Children and adults who develop diabetes in the first 7 years of life manifest all of these features as well with the magnitude of these effects often falling into the clinically significant range. Lower scores on measures of IQ and academic achievement are particularly pronounced. Although earlier work suggested that diabetes-associated brain dysfunction was primarily a consequence of recurrent episodes of moderately severe hypoglycemia, it now appears that it is chronic hyperglycemia – and the many metabolic and physiological changes associated with glucose dysregulation – that underlie these brain changes.
Very Thick Walled Cylindrical Shells

As performance requirements increase for pressure vessels and deep submergence vehicles, as the need increases for higher pressure test facilities, and because arteries and veins have the geometry they do, there is an increased need for a shell theory for very thick shells; say, a wall thickness to mean shell radius ratio (h/R) of 0.5. Such a theory is presented here. In addition, explicit solutions are provided in order to analyze a finite length circular cylindrical shell under both axially symmetric lateral distributed loading and in-plane loads, composed of an isotropic material.
Male Circumcision for HIV and STI Prevention: A Reflection

Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures, dating from the Neolithic age (Fig. 1). It is widely practiced throughout the world for religious reasons (e.g., Muslims and Jews), as part of traditional cultures among tribal groups in Africa (e.g., Kikuyu in Kenya) and in Melanesia, and for medical reasons both preventive and therapeutic. The majority of procedures are performed in infancy or childhood, but in some cultures circumcision is part of initiation rituals marking the transition from adolescence to adulthood (e.g., Xhosa of South Africa). Fig. 1. Neolithic circumcision, the unkindest cut. Since the 1990s, the Rakai Health Sciences Program has worked on male circumcision for prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through a series of studies conducted in rural Rakai district of south-central Uganda. This reflection summarizes our work, progressing from observational studies, clinical trials, assessment of effectiveness in programmatic settings, and implementation science to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. To better understand the biologic effects of circumcision, we also assessed penile histopathology, immunology, and the microbiome. These and other studies have established circumcision as a major component of HIV prevention strategies in sub-Saharan Africa (1) and have affected policies in the US (2). Early epidemiologic studies suggested that male circumcision was protective against cervical cancer in female partners of Jewish men, but there was debate as to whether this was owing to lower sexual risk behaviors among Jewish women and men than among couples of other religious denominations or whether the protection reflected a biologic effect of the procedure (3). Similar questions of potential confounding by differential risk behaviors were raised early in the HIV epidemic when it was observed that Muslim men had a lower risk of HIV acquisition than non-Muslim men (4). This differential risk of HIV could reflect Islamic practices such as polygamy with closed sexual networks or …
A high-throughput screen to identify novel small molecule inhibitors of the Werner Syndrome Helicase-Nuclease (WRN)

Werner syndrome (WS), an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, displays accelerated clinical symptoms of aging leading to a mean lifespan less than 50 years. The WS helicase-nuclease (WRN) is involved in many important pathways including DNA replication, recombination and repair. Replicating cells are dependent on helicase activity, leading to the pursuit of human helicases as potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Small molecule inhibitors of DNA helicases can be used to induce synthetic lethality, which attempts to target helicase-dependent compensatory DNA repair pathways in tumor cells that are already genetically deficient in a specific pathway of DNA repair. Alternatively, helicase inhibitors may be useful as tools to study the specialized roles of helicases in replication and DNA repair. In this study, approximately 350,000 small molecules were screened based on their ability to inhibit duplex DNA unwinding by a catalytically active WRN helicase domain fragment in a high-throughput fluorometric assay to discover new non-covalent small molecule inhibitors of the WRN helicase. Select compounds were screened to exclude ones that inhibited DNA unwinding by other helicases in the screen, bound non-specifically to DNA, acted as irreversible inhibitors, or possessed unfavorable chemical properties. Several compounds were tested for their ability to impair proliferation of cultured tumor cells. We observed that two of the newly identified WRN helicase inhibitors inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in a lineage-dependent manner. These studies represent the first high-throughput screen for WRN helicase inhibitors and the results have implications for anti-cancer strategies targeting WRN in different cancer cells and genetic backgrounds.
Observer-independence in the presence of a horizon

In the famous thought experiment known as Wigner's friend, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system consisting of his friend and her observed system. In the context of this thought experiment, Brukner recently derived a no-go theorem for observer-independent facts, i.e. those facts that would be common to both Wigner and his friend, and initial experimental tests have given it strong support. In this article, we demonstrate a loophole in the theorem that manifests in the presence of a horizon even if Wigner and his friend are on the same side of the horizon. The loophole requires that Wigner and his friend both unambiguously demonstrate that they are in inertial frames. We then argue that unambiguously proving that they are both in inertial frames requires unambiguously proving the existence of Unruh radiation. However, we also argue that if they cannot prove this, then there are still limitations on observer-independent facts that require that some of those facts remain unknowable. As such, observer-independent facts remain illusory.
The Minor Impurity in Spent Ores of the “Siberian Metal”: Ruthenium Turns 175

The year 2019 commemorates the 175th anniversary of the discovery of the last of the platinum group metals, ruthenium. The discovery of this element is now attributed to the Russian chemist, Karl Karlovich Klaus (Carl Ernst Claus, 1796-1864). At that time, he was Professor of Chemistry at Kazan University, on the Volga River approximately 750 km (450 mi) east of Moscow. Klaus, whose laboratory practices violated practically every modern rule of laboratory safety, actually discovered the existence of the element in a crude extract of the spent platinum ores from the mint, by its odd taste and smell! Klaus and his discovery (including its defense against critics, who included Berzelius) are discussed here.
Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes among Nulliparous Women.

Objective To determine the association between total gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. Study Design Data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be (NuMoM2b) study were used. Total gestational weight gain was categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Outcomes examined included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, mode of delivery, shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age or small for-gestational age birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Results Among 8,628 women, 1,666 (19.3%) had inadequate, 2,945 (34.1%) had adequate, and 4,017 (46.6%) had excessive gestational weight gain. Excessive gestational weight gain was associated with higher odds of hypertensive disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–2.36) Cesarean delivery (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41), and large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23–1.80), but lower odds of small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50–0.71). Conversely, inadequate gestational weight gain was associated with lower odds of hypertensive disorders (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.92), Cesarean delivery (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.92), and a large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94), but higher odds of having a small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.37–1.96). Conclusion Both excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Use of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a patient with traumatic inoculation of mucormycosis resulting in extremity amputation.

A 64-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with worsening left lower extremity pain, hypotension, fever and altered mental status (figure 1). Eleven days prior, he was involved in a motorcycle collision wherein he underwent internal fixation of his distal left fibula and pinning of his left metatarsals. Given his overlying cellulitis and septic shock, our surgical team was consulted immediately for the presumptive diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. He was started on broad spectrum antibiotics and taken for emergent surgical debridement. The underlying suspicion was that the infection had spread to his knee joint, so the proximal extent of his subcutaneous debridement extended to his femur. His cultures grew E nterococcus f a e calis ; however, despite culture-directed antibiotic therapy and multiple subsequent debridements, his infectious course persisted, and he even required an above knee amputation. Below is a photograph of his wound. Figure 1 Lower extremity amputation stump site. What would you do next? 1. More aggressive debridement and hip disarticulation if needed. 2. Topical rifampin powder …
What Should Health Care Organizations Do to Reduce Billing Fraud and Abuse

Whether physicians are being trained or encouraged to commit fraud within corporatized organizational cultures through contractual incentives (or mandates) to optimize billing and process more patients is unknown. What is known is that upcoding and misrepresentation of clinical information (fraud) costs more than $100 billion annually and can result in unnecessary procedures and prescriptions. This article proposes fraud mitigation strategies that combine organizational cultural enhancements and deployment of transparent compliance and risk management systems that rely on front-end data analytics.
Modularity optimization for enhancing edge detection in microstructural features using 3D atomic chemical scale imaging

The definition of microstructural features from an image is a challenge, given the uncertainty of the feature edges and the inherent user bias required in defining what is a feature. This challenge is particularly evident in atom probe tomography (APT), which captures tens of millions of atoms with their three-dimensional (3D) atomic position. Given the data uncertainty, issues with missing data, and dependency of the result on user-defined reconstruction, defining a relationship between the thermodynamic conditions and the resulting microstructure is difficult. Although numerous methods are capable of performing approximate clustering of precipitates, an accurate and fully automatic framework is still unavailable. In this paper, the authors present an advanced unsupervised machine learning framework that uses a graph-theoretic representation of the reconstructed 3D APT data and performs a modularity optimization to estimate an accurate cluster structure. The identified cluster structure can be used to estimate other geometrical properties and also the uncertainty in the precipitates. The authors demonstrate the approach to define and characterize the precipitates of an aluminum-magnesium-scandium sample, free of any user bias. The proposed unsupervised framework has been demonstrated to perform better than two well-known clustering methods. The approach described here was developed for APT data, but is developed in a generalized manner so as to be applicable to any point cloud data.
Intra-articular Monteggia Fracture: A Case Study of Using the Center of Rotational Angulation to Improve a Functional Outcome.

Introduction Elbow fractures are the most common pediatric fracture to require operative fixation and can be associated with significant morbidities such as vascular injury, neurologic injury, and loss of function. Specifically, the chronic Monteggia fracture-dislocation causes devastating losses in range of motion. Presenting as a proximal to midshaft ulna fracture and radiocapitellar joint disruption, the acute injury can be successfully managed with closed reduction, serial casting, and close follow-up. The chronic complications of this injury, however, usually occur from an unrecognized radial head dislocation. Here, we present the first known case of a chronic Monteggia fracture-dislocation in the setting of an intra-articular ulnar fracture. Using the center of rotational angulation (CORA) from injury mechanism and radiographs, an intra-articular osteotomy was performed to correct ulnar length and improve this child's range of motion. Case report A 3-year-old Hispanic male was first seen in the emergency department for elbow pain following a fall from a sofa. He was incorrectly diagnosed with an isolated intra-articular ulna fracture. 5 weeks after the initially missed Monteggia fracture-dislocation, he presented to clinic with 90° flexion, 40° extension, and a 20° pronation/supination arc. An opening-wedge osteotomy was performed at the intra-articular CORA to restore ulnar length and allow for reduction of the radial head. The magnitude of the ulnar opening-wedge osteotomy was trialed until the radiocapitellar joint maintained reduction throughout pronosupination. Conclusion 7 months after the surgery, the patient displayed functional improvements with 115° flexion, 15° extension, and a 75° pronation/supination arc. On physical examination, he had no neuropathic symptoms, with intact median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Using the CORA from the perceived injury mechanism and radiographs, an intra-articular osteotomy was performed to correct ulnar length, reduce the radial head, and thereby improve this child's range of motion.
The Influence of Demonstrated Concern on Perceived Ethical Leadership: A Levinasian Approach

This paper brings empirical and theoretical studies of ethical leadership into conversation with one another in an effort to determine the antecedent(s) to perceived ethical leadership. Employing a Levinasian perspective, I argue that ethical leadership entails being faced with the impossible task of realizing the needs of many individual others. For this reason, I argue, perceived ethical leadership is grounded in an employee’s perception that a leader struggles to make decisions based on the conflicting demands placed upon her. More important than the result of a leader’s decision is the degree to which the leader demonstrates concern for the well-being of others in her decision-making process. I ground my discussion through reference to results of empirical studies on behaviors associated with ethical leadership, including Brown, Trevino, and Harrison (2005), Kalshoven, Den Hartog, and De Hoogh (2011a), and Trevino, Hartman, and Brown (2000). I identify several mediating factors which may influence employee perception of ethical leadership, proposing avenues for further research which can help to clarify the relationship between concrete leadership behaviors and perceived ethical leadership.
Consuming for the Greater Good: “Woke” Commercials in Sports Media:

Amidst a crisis in the US racial state over the summer of 2020, typically “politically” averse professional sports leagues proliferated anti-racist statements. We see the sudden advertising of corp...
Engineered models of tumor metastasis with immune cell contributions

Most cancer deaths are due to tumor metastasis rather than the primary tumor. Metastasis is a highly complex and dynamic process that requires orchestration of signaling between the tumor, its local environment, distant tissue sites, and immune system. Animal models of cancer metastasis provide the necessary systemic environment but lack control over factors that regulate cancer progression and often do not recapitulate the properties of human cancers. Bioengineered "organs-on-a-chip" that incorporate the primary tumor, metastatic tissue targets, and microfluidic perfusion are now emerging as quantitative human models of tumor metastasis. The ability of these systems to model tumor metastasis in individualized, patient-specific settings makes them uniquely suitable for studies of cancer biology and developmental testing of new treatments. In this review, we focus on human multi-organ platforms that incorporate circulating and tissue-resident immune cells in studies of tumor metastasis.
Differential Access to Park Space Based on Country of Origin within Miami’s Hispanic/Latino Population: A Novel Analysis of Park Equity

Some U.S.-based park equity studies reveal that affluent and White neighborhoods have privileged access to greenspace. In such studies in the U.S. and elsewhere, park access indicators are typically examined in relation to measures of income, housing tenure, and broad race/ethnicity categories (e.g., Hispanic/Latino, Black, and White in the U.S.). The treatment of people as monolithic ethnic groups in park equity research is potentially misleading, particularly in global cities where ethnic populations are highly heterogeneous. In this study, we assess inequities in access to park space within the diverse Hispanic/Latino population of the Miami Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) based on national origin. We specified multivariable generalized estimating equations to examine social correlates of area-weighted park access at the census tract level. Our first model includes a variable for the proportion of the tract population of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, which we substitute in the second model with variables representing the proportions of the tract population from the most populous country-of-origin groups in the MSA applicable to the Hispanic/Latino population. Our first model indicates robust negative relationships for the proportion Hispanic/Latino and Black/African American variables with area-weighted park access, adjusting for median household income, renter-occupancy, and old and young population composition. Our second model indicates negative relationships based on Cuban and Venezuelan neighborhood composition, while the four other country-of-origin subgroup variables exhibit statistically non-significant associations with area-weighted park access. Study findings have implications for the analysis of ethnicity categories in park equity research and interventions to promote park equity, especially in global cities.
Ultrasonic scaling in COVID-era dentistry: A quantitative assessment of aerosol spread during simulated and clinical ultrasonic scaling procedures.

Objective Healthcare agencies recommend limited use of aerosol-generating procedures to mitigate disease (COVID-19) transmission. However, total dispersion patterns of aerosols, particularly respirable droplets, via dental ultrasonic units is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize and map total spatter, droplet and aerosol dispersion during ultrasonic scaling in simulated and clinical contexts. Methods Ultrasonic scaling was performed on dental simulation units using methylene blue dye-stained water. All resultant stain profiles were photoanalysed to calculate droplet size and travel distance/direction. Airborne particle concentrations were also documented 0-1.2 m (0-4ft.) and 1.2-2.4 m (4-8ft.) from patients during in vivo ultrasonic scaling with a saliva ejector. Results Stain profiles showed droplets between 25 and 50µm in diameter were most common, with smaller droplets closer to the mouth. In-vivo particle concentrations were uniformly low. The smallest ( 10 µm, PM10+) particles were most common, especially within 1.2 m (4ft.) of the patient. Respirable particles (PM2.5) were uncommon. Conclusions Tests showed the highest concentration of small droplets in zones nearest the patient. While uncommon, particles were detected up to 2.4 m (8ft.) away. Furthermore, observed particle sizes were consistent with those that can carry infectious agents. Efforts to mitigate the spread of inhalable aerosols should emphasize proximate regions nearest the procedure, including personal protective equipment and the use of evacuation devices.
Deflating the Success-Truth Connection

According to a prominent objection, deflationist theories of truth can’t account for the explanatory connection between true belief and successful action [Putnam 1978]. Canonical responses to the o...
The Scientific Consensus on When a Human’s Life Begins

Peer-reviewed journals in the biological and life sciences literature have published articles that represent the biological view that a human’s life begins at fertilization (“the fertilization view”). As those statements are typically offered without explanation or citation, the fertilization view seems to be uncontested by the editors, reviewers, and authors who contribute to scientific journals. However, Americans are split on whether the fertilization view is a “philosophical or religious belief” (45%) or a “biological and scientific fact” (46%), and only 38% of Americans view fertilization as the starting point of a human’s life. In the two studies that explored experts’ views on the matter, the fertilization view was the most popular perspective held by public health and IVF professionals. Since a recent study suggested that 80% of Americans view biologists as the group most qualified to determine when a human’s life begins, experts in biology were surveyed to provide a new perspective to the literature on experts’ views on this matter. Biologists from 1,058 academic institutions around the world assessed survey items on when a human’s life begins and, overall, 96% (5337 out of 5577) affirmed the fertilization view. The founding principles of the field Science Communication suggest that scientists have an ethical and professional obligation to inform Americans, as well as people around the world, about scientific developments so members of the public can be empowered to make life decisions that are consistent with the best information available. Given that perspective—and a recent study’s finding that a majority of Americans believe they deserve to know when a human’s life begins in order to make informed reproductive decisions—science communicators should work to increase the level of science awareness on the fertilization view, as it stands alone as the leading biological perspective on when a human’s life begins.
The Role of Gender on Student Success

Numerous studies have investigated why computers are perceived as being a male domain. In this study, the authors examine intra-gender differences among undergraduate and graduate students who enrolled in Management Information Systems (MIS) courses and attempt to answer such questions as do males achieve significantly higher scores in MIS courses? Does instructor gender affect female students' academic achievement? Do females underperform males in achievement at either or both undergraduate and graduate levels? This paper provides findings which demonstrate that female students performed significantly better than their male counterparts in the two introductory undergraduate MIS courses and performed equally well in an upper lever MIS course and an introductory course in the graduate program. Male students were impacted by the gender of the teacher. Even though it was not a main focus of the present study, the authors cannot resist making a casual observation that female teachers were more effective in the classroom.
Syria‘s Undocumented Kurds

In Suriye’nin Kimliksizleri Kurtler ( Syria‘s Undocumented Kurds ), Nevzat Bingol aims to introduce Turkish readers to the Kurds of Syria. Bingol is a Kurdish journalist from Turkey’s Kurdish South East. His earlier publications deal with Kurdish question in Turkey and the war in Iraq from a journalist’s point of view. In this book, Bingol tackles the Kurds of Syria whom, he argues, are not well-known in Turkey. He, first, focuses on Syrian Kurdish political parties by examining their ideas, their relations with other states and other Kurdish parties both in Syria and in neighboring countries and their methods of political struggle. Second, he presents the citizenship problems that Syrian Kurds have been facing since the “exceptional” census of 1962. The book is mostly based on the author’s extensive interviews with local people, leading Kurdish politicians in Syria, and reports prepared by organizations such as the Syrian Human Rights Association, the Syrian branch of International Human Rights Watch, and the German Federal Parliament.
The mechanochemical basis of amoeboid movement: I. Ionic requirements for maintaining viscoelasticity and contractility of amoeba cytoplasm

Abstract Glycerination of intact specimens and of isolated cytoplasm of Chaos carolinensis has permitted identification of the requirements for Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATP for contraction. The observed loss of some calcium sensitivity during glycerination could be explained as a combination of the extraction of an unidentified calcium sensitive factor(s), low substrate (Mg2+-ATP) contractions, or a loss of polymerizable actin. In addition, the “rigor” condition induced by complete glycerination destroyed the ability of isolated cytoplasm to stream. Decreases in cytoplasmic birefringence, in visible fibrils and in cytoplasmic contractility were observed both in glycerinated cytoplasm and in freshly isolated cytoplasm after incubation in solutions containing mM concentrations of EGTA. These results suggest that filament disassembly could be involved in the loss of birefringence and contractility of cytoplasm at low divalent cation concentrations. Furthermore, it is suggested that filament disassembly could be involved in cytoplasmic streaming if the free Ca2+ concentration were lowered below ca 1.0 × 10−7 M by an efficient calcium sequestering system.
What the gastroenterologist does all day. A survey of a state society's practice.

Members of a state society of gastroenterologists collected information about their pattern of practice. Twenty-two of the 41 members voluntarily kept a list of 25 sequential new patients seen during the spring of 1973. Five hundred and forty-nine diagnoses were accumulated; 369 (67%) of these diagnoses were gastroenterologic al. The five most common gastroenterological diagnoses were: functional disorder, duodenal ulcer, hiatus hernia, biliary tract disease, and esophagitis. The five most common over-all diagnostic areas were: functional disorder, cardiovascular disease, "other" non gastroenterological diagnoses (including obesity), duodenal ulcer, and endocrine malfunction. Geographically dispersed gastroenterologists in Virginia make more than one-half of their primary diagnoses in the area of their subspecialty interest. The primary gastroenterological problems seen are "upper gut" lesions and biliary tract disease. These observations may be of value in planning education, training, or research activities, especially if verified by a broader sample of gastroenterological practitioners.
The Usefulness of Behavior Settings for Classifying and Describing Human Activities in a Community

Existing social and economic data systems are most highly developed at the national level. However, these national aggregates are based directly or indirectly on data collected from individuals, households, firms, and other organizations. The aggregates are useful because sociologists and economists have built up extensive bodies of theory, empirical research, and personal experience concerning the attributes and behaviors of the primary decision-making units.
Use of biologic nanolipoprotein particles containing monophosphoryl lipid A as a novel vaccine platform against inhalational pathogens (VAC7P.956)

Subunit vaccines are theoretically safe and easy to manufacture but require effective adjuvants and delivery systems to yield protective immunity, particularly at critical mucosal sites such as the lung. We investigated nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) containing the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a platform for intranasal vaccination against Bacillus anthracis. Modified lipids enabled attachment of disparate spore and toxin protein antigens. Intranasal vaccination of mice with B. anthracis antigen-MPLA-NLP constructs vs. delivery with free MPLA induced robust IgG and IgA responses in serum and in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage. Typically, a single dose sufficed to induce sustained antibody titers over time. When multiple immunizations were required, specific antibodies were detected earlier in the boost schedule with MPLA-NLP-mediated delivery than with free MPLA. Administering combinations of constructs induced responses to multiple antigens, indicating potential for a multivalent vaccine preparation. No off-target responses to the species-matched NLP scaffold protein were detected. Using the ovalbumin/TCR transgenic model, MPLA-NLPs enhanced antigen-specific T cell expansion in lung-draining lymph nodes. In summary, the NLP platform enhances cellular, humoral, and mucosal responses to intranasal immunization, indicating promise for NLPs as a flexible, robust vaccine platform against B. anthracis and potentially other inhalational pathogens.
U.S. Dollar and Determination of the Renminbi Value: Short-Run and Long-Run Approaches

This article examines the importance of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in determining the renminbi value before and after an announcement of the exchange rate regime change by the People’s Bank of China. Test results reveal a discernible change in the exchange rate regime after the announcement and varying, yet dominant, weights of the U.S. dollar in the specified currency basket during postannouncement periods. Additionally, the presence and magnitude of the U.S. dollar weight in the long run appear to be related to the extent to which the renminbi fluctuates in the short run against the U.S. dollar.