cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multilayer Relaxations of the Clean Nickel Aluminum (110) Surface

The multilayer relaxations of the clean NiAl(110) surface have been measured using Medium Energy Ion Scattering in a Channeling and Blocking (MEIS/CB) experiment. A high sensitivity to the first layer ripple (10% ripple with the Al on top) is reported and a multilayer model is proposed. The present results are in excellent agreement with a recent single layer LEED intensity analysis.
The challenges of governing public-private community health partnerships.

This article identifies key challenges that arise in governing public-private partnerships designed to improve community health status. Using telephone interview and focus group data, we describe how the 25 public-private community health partnerships participating in the Community Care NetworkSM (CCN) Demonstration Program grapple with three interrelated clusters of governance issues: turf, community accountability, and growth and development.
Chemistry: The Lack of Diagnostic Utility of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes: Evaluation of Acute Myocardial Infarction

This retrospective study evaluated 178 clinically diagnosed acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) in which creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme levels were studied. An LD “flip” (LD1/LD2 > 1.0) was not demonstrated in 69.1% of the events. Of the AMIs manifesting an LD flip, only 13% (7/55) were negative for CK-MB isoenzyme elevations, and 5 out of 7 of these had already been diagnosed as an AMI at another institution. The remaining two events were characterized by diagnostic clinical and electrocardiographic changes that alone would have sufficed for the diagnosis of AMI. We conclude that LD isoenzyme levels were of no clinical benefit in any AMI case studied.
Ultra-short-acting thiobarbituric acids.

SummaryFour N-methyl thiobarbituric acids have been studied and compared with sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbitu-rate and thiopental in rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs. They are all potent anesthetics by intravenous injection. The N-methylated derivatives, in an observed AD60 duration of anesthetic and hypnotic action than the 2 non-methylated compounds. When one-half of AD50 is intravenously injected at hourly intervals, all 4 N-methyl-substituted barbiturates show less cumulative action than sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbiturate and still less than thiopental. In anesthetized cats, 2 of the N-methyl barbiturates produce less hiccup, sneezing, and coughing than sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbiturate and thiopental, while the 2 others are free from such effects. Like all barbiturates, the 4 N-methylated compounds, when injected intravenously in anesthetized dogs, lower the blood pressure and depress respiration. They do not inhibit the vagal response in these preparations. The...
Observed Effect of Bypass Flow on Jet Noise

This paper presents measurements of supersonic jet noise from a sub-scale, low-bypass ratio nozzle system that represents a configuration typical of tactical aircraft propulsion. Upgrades to The University of Mississippi’s Anechoic Jet Laboratory allowed for complete measurement of the mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure of each air and fuel input to the jet rig. The bypass cooling flow was injected at three locations upstream of the supersonic nozzle contraction. Far field acoustic measurements show that the bypass cooling had a measurable influence on the resulting jet noise. However, the primary effect on the jet noise appears to be the modification of the jet exit velocity and temperature by the bypass streams.
Mechanical action of the internal intercostal muscles in dogs

The pattern of electrical activation and muscle length changes of the internal intercostal (II) muscles (9th or 10th interspace) of the lower rib cage were evaluated in supine anesthetized dogs. Studies were performed during resting breathing and expiratory threshold loading. Results were compared with simultaneous measurements of the better-studied triangularis sterni muscle (4th interspace). In general, both muscles lengthened with passive inflation and shortened with passive deflation. During resting breathing, both the II and TS muscles were electrically active and shortened below resting length, 7.7 +/- 1.6% (SE) and 5.3 +/- 1.7%, respectively. With the addition of positive end-expiratory pressure, the degree of electrical activation and muscle shortening increased progressively for both muscles, although to a somewhat greater extent for II muscles. Isolated denervation of the II muscles eliminated their shortening during resting breathing and often resulted in muscle lengthening, indicating that II muscle shortening was secondary to its own activation. Expiration was associated with lateral inward movement of the lower rib cage below its relaxation position. This motion was not significantly affected by abdominal muscle section but was markedly reduced by bilateral II denervation (7th-11th spaces). Our results indicate that the II muscles of the lower rib cage 1) are electrically active and shorten below resting length during resting breathing, 2) respond to positive end-expiratory pressure by increasing their level of activation and degree of shortening, and 3) are primarily responsible for inward lateral motion of the lower rib cage below its relaxation position during expiration.
Multicenter Evaluation of BD Max Enteric Parasite Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Entamoeba histolytica

Common causes of chronic diarrhea among travelers worldwide include protozoan parasites. The majority of parasitic infections are caused by Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis Similarly, these species cause the majority of parasitic diarrhea acquired in the United States. Detection of parasites by gold standard microscopic methods is time-consuming and requires considerable expertise; enzyme immunoassays and direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) stains have lowered hands-on time for testing, but improvements in sensitivity and technical time may be possible with a PCR assay. We performed a clinical evaluation of a multiplex PCR panel, the enteric parasite panel (EPP), for the detection of these common parasites using the BD Max instrument, which performs automated extraction and amplification. A total of 2,495 compliant specimens were enrolled, including 2,104 (84%) specimens collected prospectively and 391 (16%) specimens collected retrospectively. Approximately equal numbers were received in 10% formalin (1,273 specimens) and unpreserved (1,222 specimens). The results from the EPP were compared to those from alternate PCR and bidirectional sequencing (APCR), as well as DFA (G. duodenalis and C. parvum or C. hominis) or trichrome stain (E. histolytica). The sensitivity and specificity for prospective and retrospective specimens combined were 98.2% and 99.5% for G. duodenalis, 95.5% and 99.6 for C. parvum or C. hominis, and 100% and 100% for E. histolytica, respectively. The performance of the FDA-approved BD Max EPP compared well to the reference methods and may be an appropriate substitute for microscopic examination or immunoassays.
A hermitian analogue of the Morita theorems

Let F1 be an equivalence of type I between two categories of modules with hermitian forms. In other words, suppose F is an equivalence between the two underlying categories of modules, and F1 is an...
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a novel repressor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3598 Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been described as an important step in cancer progression contributing to metastasis. Several epithelial markers including cell adhesion protein E-cadherin are characteristically lost during EMT with concomitant new expression of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin. Several transcription factors, including Snail and Twister, are able to repress E-cadherin expression. We previously showed that protein kinase D1 (PKD1), a serine-threonine kinase, is down regulated in advanced prostate cancer and interacts with E-cadherin. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown PKD1 or E-cadherin by RNA interference (RNAi) can induce expression of EMT markers, Vimentin, Fibronectin and N-cadherin in prostate cancer cells; over expression of PKD1 represses expression of EMT markers and induces expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin, decreases cell motility and increases cell aggregation. Snail, but not Twister, is responsible for induction the expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin in PC. We demonstrate that PKD1 directly binds to Snail by yeast two-hybrid test and co-immunoprecipition. These results suggest that PKD1 may prevent EMT by repressing Snail function. Combined with our previous finding that PKD1 is down regulated in advanced prostate cancer, we propose that PKD1 is a novel EMT repressor, which may be mediated by Snail. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PKD1 function in cells identifies novel targets for therapeutic targeting and contributes to novel biomarker discovery.
Adaptive High Efficiency Video Coding Based on Camera Activity Classification

We present a framework for adaptive video encoding based on video content. The basic idea is to analyze the video to determine camera activity (tracking, stationary, or zooming) and then associate each activity with adaptive video quality constraints. We demonstrate our approach on the UT LIVE video quality assessment database that effective camera activity detection and classification is possible based on the motion vectors and the number of prediction units (PU) extracted using x265 HEVC encoding standard. In our results, by applying leave-one-out validation, we get an 79% correct classification rate using kNN binary classifier for the video segments.
Tensions in the scholarship on participatory journalism and citizen journalism

ABSTRACTPrevious research has found that much of the scholarship on citizen-engaged journalism cites its democratic potential. This integrative literature review builds on that work by distinguishing how scholars have defined participatory journalism and citizen journalism and by discovering why some scholars have expressed disappointment in citizens’ efforts while others have offered optimism. This study argues that these differences partly result from how researchers have disparately framed their studies and dissimilarly conceptualized how journalism serves democracy. Whereas some scholars have adopted an understanding of journalism as engaging citizens, others have adhered to the more traditional task of expertly informing the public. Prior debates over public journalism can inform these tensions and possibly illuminate future directions for research.
Unexpected Superconductivity in rf. Sputtered Nb/Ge Samples

Samples of Nb/Ge scanning the concentration range of ~ 5 a% Nb to ~ 80 a% Nb, were prepared by the technique of rf. sputtering. It was found that the Ge-NbGe2 two phase region exhibited superconductivity to 16° K, in addition to the superconductivity of the A-15 Nb3Ge phase. We show that the presence of Ge and NbGe2 are necessary, and that the superconductivity is associated with NbGe2, although by itself it is not superconducting above 2.5°K. Various explanations are considered in explaining the observed superconductivity in mixtures of metallic NbGe2 and semiconducting Ge.
Novel algorithms for finding the closest l-mers in biological data

With the advances in the next generation sequencing technology, huge amounts of data have been and get generated in biology. A bottleneck in dealing with such datasets lies in developing effective algorithms for extracting useful information from them. Algorithms for finding patterns in biological data pave the way for extracting crucial information from voluminous datasets. In this paper we focus on a fundamental pattern, namely, the closest l-mers. Given a set of m biological strings S 1 , S 2 , …, S m and an integer l, the problem of interest is that of finding an l-mer from each string such that the distance among them is the least. I.e., we want to find m l-mers X 1 , X 2 , …, X m such that X i is an l-mer in S i (for 1 ≤ i ≤ m) and the Hamming distance among these m l-mers is the least (from among all such possible l-mers). This problem has many applications. An application of great importance is motif search. Algorithms for finding the closest l-mers have been used in solving the (l, d)-motif search problem (see e.g., [1], [2]). In this paper novel exact and approximate algorithms are proposed for this problem for the special case of m = 3. We consider the Euclidean distance metric if the sequences contain real numbers.
Systems Approach to Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Metaoptimum

Modern production and managerial systems are characterized by ever increasing levels of requisite flexibility. Systems have to be quickly designed and redesigned, dismantled and assembled again, resources reshuffled in the search for continuous optimum. No systems are given any longer; if they are, then they should not be.
Applications of EBG in Low Profile Antenna Designs: What Have We Learned?

This chapter reviews some unique properties and applications of electro magnetic band gap (EBG) structures in antenna engineering. Advanced computation and optimization techniques are utilized to characterize and design EBG and antennas. An insight into operational physics of the EBG structures has been presented. Representative antenna examples are illustrated to show our current knowledge on the potential applications of the EBG metamaterials.
Effects of injury and therapy on brain parenchyma pO2, pCO2, pH and ICP following severe closed head injury.

Simultaneous monitoring of brain parenchyma pO2, pCO2, and pH (pbO2, pbCO2 and pHb) has been tested in ICU environments using fiber optic sensors incorporated in probes 0.5 mm in diameter. An Institutionally approved protocol was used to test the concept and technology for monitoring pbO2, pbCO2 and pHb, and to observe the effects of injury and therapy interventions on each of the variables monitored, including ICP, the clinical standard. ICP and fiber optic pO2, pCO2 and pH probes were placed in 10 SCHI patients at bedside in the ICU using sterile technique. The probes remained in place for the duration of ICP monitoring, and were functional in the ICU environment for up to 10 days. Trend patterns recurred in this series of SCHI patients: Extreme pbCO2 (high) and pHb (low) are associated with poor perfusion; increasing pbCO2 and decreasing pHb may be early indicators of ICP crisis, i.e. ICP > 20 mm Hg that tends to be unresponsive to therapy, and; pentobarbital “loading” and maintenance is associated with increased pbO2. These preliminary results from monitoring pbO2, pbCO2 and pHb in SCHI patients indicate that fiber optic sensor technology functions and is able to be used in this application. Trend patterns from this data may further indicate practical utility as a more direct monitor of the delicate balance between tissue perfusion and cell metabolism than ICP alone.
Novel Approaches in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Recent advances in the understanding of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) biology have paved the way for development of a plethora of novel therapeutic strategies. The success of ibrutinib in WM has shifted treatment paradigms away from conventional chemoimmunotherapy approaches. Recognition of high-risk genomic subgroups as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to ibrutinib have led to targeting of additional pathways. In this article, the authors review ongoing and emerging trials of novel therapies in WM that target the B-cell receptor pathway beyond ibrutinib, toll-like receptor pathway, chemokine signaling, apoptotic pathway, chromatin remodeling, protein transport, the immune microenvironment, and CD19-directed immunotherapy.
Marketing Relevance Through Market Theory

There have been numerous calls for more relevance in academic marketing, both for and by practitioners and for customers (e.g., Sheth and Sisodia 2006, Hunt 2018, Jaworski, Kohli, and Sahay 2000). It might seem that these calls signal the need for more applied research, based on real data and real-world problems. However, it seems to me that there has never before been such a plethora of empirical articles in marketing journals as there are presently and thus the problem must be much more basic.
The Future of U.S. Electricity Efficiency Programs Funded by Utility Customers: Program Spending and Savings Projections to 2030

Author(s): Goldman, Charles A; Murphy, Sean; Hoffman, Ian M; Frick, Natalie Mims; Leventis, Greg; Schwartz, Lisa C | Abstract: Electric utility customers spent about $5.8 billion on energy efficiency programs in 2016 to cost-effectively offset a portion of growth in U.S. power needs. That, in turn, affects the need for investment in new electricity infrastructure, across generation, transmission and distribution systems. A new study by Berkeley Lab provides a bottom-up assessment of the potential impact of existing and likely state policies and market conditions to promote or constrain future spending and savings for electricity efficiency programs funded by utility customers in all U.S. states.
Development of guidelines for improving oral health in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Objective The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of oral health (OH) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Background Individuals with PD have significantly poorer OH than the general population. Poor OH is a risk factor for systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections. Materials and methods After an extensive literature review was completed, available evidence was evaluated for inclusion in the initial draft of the guidelines. The draft was then reviewed for content validity by experts in the areas of dentistry, dental hygiene and neurology using the Delphi method. After consensus among the content experts, final guidelines were completed. The final CPG was presented to individuals with PD and their caregivers at a support group. Participants were asked to review the information in the guidelines for 2 weeks and then submit a survey regarding the usefulness of the CPG. The CPG was also evaluated by practicing nurse practitioners (NPs) and dental hygienists using the AGREE II tool. Results Twenty people from the PD support group participated in the educational intervention, and surveys were received from 14 participants. Overall, participants agreed or strongly agreed with each statement related to the applicability and usefulness of the guidelines. The CPG was evaluated using the AGREE II tool, and scores were >80% in all domains with an overall score of 97.1%. Conclusion Development of these guidelines represent an initial step in improving the oral health and overall health of individuals with PD.
Structure of the largest subgraphs of $G_{n,p}$ with a given matching number

This paper examines the structure of the largest subgraphs of the Erdős-Renyi random graph, $G_{n,p}$, with a given matching number. This extends a result of Erdős and Gallai who, in 1959, gave a classification of the structures of the largest subgraphs of $K_n$ with a given matching number. We show that their result extends to $G_{n,p}$ with high probability when $p\ge \frac{8 \ln n}{n}$ or $p \ll \frac{1}{n}$, but that it does not extend (again with high probability) when $\frac{4\ln(2e)}{n} < p< \frac{\ln n}{3n}$.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on PSA screening (PSAS) for prostate cancer (PC): Are they justified?

e12535 Background: PSAS has been debated since the Amer Can Soc recommended it in 1992 without data from randomized trials (RTs). Recent RT reports indicate that PSAS does not clearly reduce PC mor...
Implementation of a Touch-Base System between a Heart Failure Bridge Clinic and Emergency Department to Reduce Heart Failure Hospitalizations

Background Heart failure (HF) is a costly burden to our healthcare system.Of the approximately 1 million annual Emergency Department (ED) visits for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), over 80% result in hospitalization. Outpatient diuresis clinics provide a unique opportunity to potentially avoid hospitalization; however, the incorporation of these clinics into the ED management algorithm of ADHF has not been studied. We developed a pilot program to study such an intervention utilizing the Johns Hopkins Heart Failure Bridge Clinic (HFBC), an outpatient diuresis clinic that has successfully reduced HF readmissions at our institution. Methods HFBC providers and ED clinical case managers participated in a daily “touch base.” Patients appropriate for transfer from the ED to the HFBC based on established eligibility criteria (Table) were identified. In the HFBC, patients underwent outpatient intravenous (IV) diuresis, HF education and management, and were set up with follow up care. Results During the pilot program, 29 encounters (26 unique patients) were discussed. Patients average age was 58, 11 (42%) were female, and 13 (48%) had HF with preserved ejection fraction. Thirteen (48%) patients had previously been to the HFBC. Of the 29 encounters, 8 (7 unique patients) resulted in transfer from ED to HFBC, 11 in hospital admission (length of stay 9.8 ± 8.8 days), and 10 were discharged directly home with 3 of those patients given appointments for follow up in the HFBC with in one week. Of the 8 patients transferred to HFBC, 5 received IV furosemide (dose 96± 23.3mg) and all patients received extensive heart failure education. Four patients were scheduled to follow up in the HFBC within 1 week, 2 patients were scheduled with close follow up with their primary care provider, and 1 patient refused a follow up appointment. After transfer from ED to HFBC, 5 patients remained out of the ED for greater than 30 days. One patient returned to the ED 7 days later with non heart failure symptoms and 1 patient continued to have very frequent ED visits due to psychosocial circumstances. No patients transferred to the HFBC experienced adverse events and all were discharged home in stable condition directly from the clinic. Conclusion We demonstrate feasibility and efficacy of a collaborative effort between the ED and outpatient diuresis clinic to reduce admissions for HF. Such an intervention has significant downstream implications for both improving HF care coordination for an at risk population as well as reducing healthcare utilization.
Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion

Abstract Adaptation of the islet β-cell insulin secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we show that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through regulation of genes involved in β-cell nutrient sensing and metabolism. Nutrient regulation of the epigenome occurs at sites occupied by the chromatin-modifying enzyme Lsd1 in islets. We demonstrate that β-cell-specific deletion of Lsd1 leads to insulin hypersecretion, aberrant expression of nutrient response genes, and histone hyperacetylation. Islets from mice adapted to chronically increased insulin demand exhibited similar epigenetic and transcriptional changes. Moreover, genetic variants associated with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes are enriched at LSD1-bound sites in human islets, suggesting that interpretation of nutrient signals is genetically determined. Our findings reveal that adaptive insulin secretion involves Lsd1-mediated coupling of nutrient state to regulation of the islet epigenome.
Family Math Night: Increasing Engagement in University Mathematics Courses for Prospective Teachers.

Prospective elementary school teachers (PSTs) often do not perceive mathematics activities as fun or engaging and perceive the mathematics tasks in their university content courses as inauthentic a...
Post-stroke motor deficits are most evident at frequencies near 125 Hz in EMG multivariate probability distributions

Muscle activity is widely measured to assess muscle condition in post-stroke patients. While many clinical researchers have relied on time-series analysis of muscle activity, the frequency domain could offer additional insight on motor impairment. Our previous work has characterized movement capabilities in stroke survivors across endpoint and joint kinematic variables while performing a self-directed motor exploration task. Our solution to managing such large volumes of data is to create personalized statistical profiles using multivariate probability distributions. In this study, we present frequency domain analysis of EMG distributions for chronic post-stroke survivors (N = 6) and healthy subjects (N = 5) to identify between group differences in muscle activity. Comparing probability density of muscle activity magnitudes, differences from healthy were most evident at 275 Hz. Unique aspects of each patient’s deficits were most evident at 125 Hz. This is the first study to explore distributions of EMG in specific frequency bands for this patient population. Such identifiability could pinpoint specific motor deficits and track progress in neurologically impaired individuals that often have widely differing disease states.
Abstract 916: Evidence of Cardiac Myosin Dephosphorylation by Two Distinct Pools of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatases

Muscle myosins are hexameric proteins comprised of two each of the heavy chain, essential light chain, and regulatory light chain (RLC). In normal beating hearts, cardiac myosin RLC is phosphorylat...
Dual-Channel Subsynchronous Damping Control based on Voltage Source Converter Excitation System

A novel dual-channel damping control based on voltage source converter (VSC) excitation system is put forward in this paper to suppress subsynchronous oscillation for turbine generators. The proposed control is a combination of both supplementary excitation damping control (SEDC) and supplementary subsynchronous damping control (SSDC) but only implemented in one device. A small perturbation linearized model considering the dual-channel damping is built and the complex torque coefficients method is adopted to analyze the damping characteristic of the proposed control. Based on the analytical analysis, a decoupling tuning method for the dual-channel damping control is proposed. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed subsynchronous damping control are verified through PSCAD simulation.
RANDOM MULTIPLICATIVE WALKS ON THE RESIDUES MODULO

We introduce a new arithmetic function defined to be the number of random multiplications by residues modulo before the running product is congruent to zero modulo . We give several formulas for computing the values of this function and analyze its asymptotic behavior. We find that it is closely related to , the largest prime divisor of . In particular, and have the same average order asymptotically. Furthermore, the difference between the functions and is as tends to infinity on a set with density approximately . On the other hand, however, we see that (except on a set of density zero) the difference between and tends to infinity on the integers outside this set. Finally, we consider the asymptotic behavior of the difference between these two functions and find that , where is the second largest divisor of .
"To Be, or Not to Be, That Is the Question": Modeling and Differentiation Among Siblings Participating in Organized Youth Sport.

Organized youth sport is a relatively common family context in which sibling dynamics are not well understood. The present study was designed to address two contrasting mechanisms of socialization-modeling and differentiation-in examining older siblings' influence on younger siblings' sport participation. American youth (N = 221) age 10-15 years (M = 12.38, SD = 1.01) who were active sport participants completed an online survey measuring individual and family demographics, sibling relationship qualities, and parent-child relationship dimensions. The participants reported on their most proximal older siblings, all of whom were within 4 years of age. The analyses suggest that sibling differentiation dynamics decreased the likelihood of playing the same primary sport as an older sibling for (a) the same biological sex, close in age to siblings; (b) the same biological sex, further in age from siblings; and (c) mixed biological sex, wide in age from siblings. The "Discussion" section highlights the practical value of understanding the impact of sibling influence processes on the individual, sibling dyad, and family system.
Characterizing the spatial distributions of spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Pennsylvania vineyards.

Spotted lanternfly (SLF) is an invasive insect in the Northeastern U.S. projected to spread nationally and globally. While SLF is a significant pest of vineyards, little is known about the pest in grape agroecosystems including its spatial ecology. SLF spatial patterns were analyzed using a combination of approaches including generalized linear mixed effect models, Moran’s I statistic for spatial clustering, and Empirical Bayesian Kriging. Analysis revealed that SLF displayed significantly clumped distributions in monitored vineyards. Approximately 54% and 44% of the respective adult and egg mass populations were observed within the first 15 m of the vineyard edge. Importantly, the spatial concentration of adults at the edge was consistent temporally, both between years and weeks. Moreover, high populations of SLF on vines were significantly correlated with reduced fruit production in the following year. Mark-release-recapture of SLF revealed that higher proportions of SLF were recaptured on vines with high pre-existing SLF populations, indicating that SLF may exhibit aggregation behavior along vineyard perimeters. Monitoring and management efforts for SLF should be prioritized around vineyard edges as it may significantly reduce infestations and subsequent damage.
Return to run rates following hallux valgus correction: A retrospective comparison of metatarsal shaft osteotomies versus the modified lapidus procedure

Abstract Background Hallux valgus affects 23–36% in general populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate return to run following either a modified Lapidus procedure or a metatarsal osteotomy. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in the ability to return to running. Methods A Retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients at a single institution with surgical correction was performed. 51 patients were identified. 35 were treated with a metatarsal shaft osteotomy and 16 with a modified Lapidus. Results No difference was found between the cohorts in terms of age, sex, or preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA). 27/35 (77%) with metatarsal shaft osteotomy were able to return to running versus 13/16 (81%) with modified Lapidus. There was no significant difference in the ability to return to running between cohorts (p =1.00). Conclusion Our study showed no statistical difference for the modified Lapidus versus metatarsal osteotomies relative to return to running.
Parents' Intentions and Perceptions About COVID-19 Vaccination for Their Children: Results From a National Survey.

OBJECTIVES Assess the degree to which US parents are likely to have their children get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and identify parental concerns about the vaccines. METHODS In February 2021 to March 2021, we surveyed parent members of a nationally representative probability-based Internet panel of ∼9000 adults regarding their intent to have their children receive a COVID-19 vaccination, perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines for children, and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines for children. We used descriptive and multivariate analyses to evaluate parent-stated likelihood of having their children get a COVID-19 vaccine and to assess the association between likelihood of child COVID-19 vaccination and child age, parent demographics, and parental perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Altogether, 1745 parents responded (87% of eligible parents, 3759 children). Likelihood of child COVID-19 vaccination was as follows: very likely (28%), somewhat likely (18%), somewhat unlikely (9%), very unlikely (33%), and unsure (12%). The stated likelihood of child vaccination was greater among parents of older children (P CONCLUSIONS Less than one-half of US participants report that they are likely to have their child receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Pediatric health care providers have a major role in promoting and giving COVID-19 vaccination for children.
Bare singulars and singularity in Turkish

This paper explores the semantics of bare singulars in Turkish, which are unmarked for number in form, as in English, but can behave like both singular and plural terms, unlike in English. While they behave like singular terms as case-marked arguments, they are interpreted number neutrally in non-case-marked argument positions, the existential copular construction, and the predicate position. Previous accounts (Bliss, in Calgary Papers in Linguistics 25:1–65, 2004; Bale et al. in Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) 20:1–15, 2010; Gorgulu, in: Semantics of nouns and the specification of number in Turkish, Ph.d. thesis, Simon Fraser University, 2012) propose that Turkish bare singulars denote number neutral sets and that morphologically plural marked nouns denote sets of pluralities only. This approach leads to a symmetric correlation of morphological and semantic (un)markedness. However, in this paper, I defend a strict singular view for bare singulars and show that Turkish actually patterns with English where this correlation is exhibited asymmetrically. I claim that bare singulars in Turkish denote atomic properties and that bare plurals have a number neutral semantics as standardly assumed for English. I argue that the apparent number neutrality of bare singulars in the three cases arises via singular kind reference, which I show to extend to the phenomenon called pseudo-incorporation and a construction that I call kind specification. I argue that pseudo-incorporation occurs in non-case-marked argument positions following Ozturk (Case, referentiality, and phrase structure, Amsterdam, Benjamins, Publishing Company, 2005) and the existential copular construction, whereas kind specification is realized in the predicate position. The different behaviors of bare singulars in Turkish and English stem from the fact that singular kind reference is used more extensively in Turkish than in English. Furthermore, while there are well-known asymmetries between singular and plural kind reference cross-linguistically, Turkish manifests a more restricted distribution for bare plurals than English in the positions where pseudo-incorporation and kind specification are in evidence. I explain this as a blocking effect, specific to Turkish, by singular kind terms on plural kind terms.
Content and Dynamics of Websites Shared over Vaccine-Related Tweets in COVID-19 Conversations: A Computational Analysis

Background The onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the consequent "infodemic" increased concerns about Twitter's role in advancing anti-vaccination messages, even before a vaccine became available to the public. New computational methods allow for analysis of cross-platform use by tracking links to websites shared over Twitter, which in turn can uncover some of the content and dynamics of information sources and agenda setting processes. Such understanding can advance theory and efforts to reduce misinformation. Objective informed by agenda-setting theory, this study aimed to identify the content and temporal patterns of websites shared in vaccine-related tweets posted to COVID-19 conversations on Twitter between February to June 2020. Methods We utilized triangulation of data analysis methods. Data mining consisted of screening of around 5 million tweets posted to COVID-19 conversations to identify tweets that related to vaccination, and including links to websites shared within these tweets. We further content analyzed the 20 most shared external websites using mixed-methods approach. Results Of 841,896 vaccination-related tweets identified, 128,408 (22.1%) contained links to specific websites. A wide range of websites were shared, with the 20 most tweeted websites constituting 10.9% of the shared websites and typically shared for only 2-3 days. Traditional media constituted the majority of these 20 websites, along with other social media and government sources. We identified markers of inauthentic propagation of some of these links. Conclusions The topic of vaccination was prevalent in tweets about COVID-19 early in the pandemic. Sharing websites was a common communication strategy, and its bursty pattern and inauthentic propagation strategies pose challenges for health promotion efforts. Future studies should consider cross-platform use in dissemination of health information and in counteracting misinformation.
Studies in adsorption on gels

The effect of temperature of activation on the capillary space in alumina and ferric oxide gels has been studied. Structural changes in alumina gel have been noticed in the neighbourhood of 500°C. and 900°C. and their significance discussed.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in AHR Function

In the first part of this chapter, we will briefly discuss mechanisms of epigenetic modification, emphasizing those epigenetic changes that take place during development and their reversibility. We will focus on aspects of zygotic genome activation, in vitro ES cell differentiation, and environmental effects on the epigenome that we believe are more closely related to the known functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and to its dual role during development and during adaptive and toxic responses to environmental injury. In the second part of this chapter, we will discuss the specifics of epigenetic mechanisms associated with the Ah receptor in the context of its role in regulation of gene expression.
Leisure and health in cross-cultural settings: Evidences from China, Korea and Japan

In view of the limited previous research on impact of leisure lifestyle on people‘s health in cross-cultural settings, this paper addresses this issue by analyzing the results of three studies conducted in China, Korea, and Japan. The three cross-cultural leisure and health studies operationalize leisure lifestyle as leisure activities, leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, and health. The three studies also provide expansions of Social Gradient Theory of Life Expectancy (SGTLE), Fundamental Social Cause Theory (FSCT), and Cultural Consonance Theory (CCT) which suggest that leisure activities and leisure constraints have impacts on health cross-culturally. All three studies found that leisure constraints in leisure lifestyle impact well-being, happiness, and stress. Although both the SGTLE and FSCT indicated that socioeconomic status (SES) is related to health, the Japan study did not support both theories. In Okinawa, SES has no impact on health. The findings in Japan study suggest a major revision of SGTLE and FSCT that health is not related to SES. All three studies contribute to our understanding of the relationship between leisure lifestyle and health cross-culturally. Keywords : Leisure lifestyle, health, China, Korea, Japan.
Regulation of gene expression of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex in primary cultured hepatocytes by dexamethasone and a cAMP analog.

Abstract The present study demonstrates that dexamethasone and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (CPT-cAMP), a cAMP analog, increase the substrate flux through branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) in primary rat hepatocytes cultured in defined medium. Maximum response (2.7-fold increase in flux) was observed when hepatocytes were cultured with 1 microM dexamethasone plus 50 microM CPT-cAMP for 24 h. This increase in the flux rate was accompanied by significant increases in both the basal and total activities of BCKDH (2.2- and 2.0-fold, respectively), without any significant change in the activity state of this enzyme. The increase in BCKDH activity was the result of increased protein mass of E1 alpha (3.2-fold), E1 beta (2.9-fold), and E2 (1.6-fold) subunits of BCKDH, indicating that E2 is the limiting subunit for the expression of BCKDH. The relative abundance of mRNAs encoding the E1 alpha, E1 beta, and E2 subunits of BCKDH increased by 7.4-, 21.7-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. We conclude that increased flux through BCKDH in hepatocytes cultured with dexamethasone and CPT-cAMP is due to increased expression of BCKDH subunit genes. However, nonstoichiometric expression of individual subunits and the corresponding mRNAs suggests regulation of BCKDH also at translational and post-translational steps.
Inhibitors and Activators of the Mitochondrial Reduced Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide Dehydrogenase

Abstract The inhibitor response properties of the mitochondrial DPNH dehydrogenase have been studied with both the particle-bound and the soluble forms of the enzyme. Electron transfer from the particle-bound DPNH dehydrogenase to the respiratory chain is inhibited by barbiturates, Demerol, rotenone, and piericidin A, whereas the activities of the soluble enzyme are essentially unaffected by these inhibitors. In contrast, the ferricyanide reductase, as well as other diaphorase activities, of the soluble DPNH dehydrogenase is inhibited by mercurials, whereas the bound dehydrogenase appears to be protected against such mercurial attack. o-Phenanthroline interacts with the soluble dehydrogenase, inhibits its activities, and causes the release of labile sulfide from the enzyme. However, other bidentate iron chelators such as bathophenanthroline sulfonate and Tiron do not inhibit the enzyme but interact with it and protect it against inhibition by o-phenanthroline. These studies have indicated that in DPNH dehydrogenase the complex among iron, labile sulfide groups, and cysteine sulfur residues must have a tetrahedral structure. Adenosine phosphates inhibit DPNH dehydrogenase in the same manner as does DPN, but adenosine, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and NMNH are not inhibitory. Guanidinium compounds activate the soluble DPNH dehydrogenase, but inhibit the coenzyme Q reductase activity of the particulate DPNH-coenzyme Q reductase (Complex I). The activating effect of guanidinium compounds on the soluble dehydrogenase is associated not only with an increase in the value of Vmax, but also with a substantial decrease in the value of Kmdpnh (3-fold at 50 mm guanidine).
Stabilization of adenylate energy charge by the adenylate deaminase reaction.

Abstract In the physiological range of the adenylate energy charge in liver (0.7 to 0.9) the rate of deamination of AMP catalyzed by rat liver adenylate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) increases sharply with decreasing energy charge. It is suggested that this response serves to protect against sharp transient decreases in energy charge: when the charge decreases the resulting removal of AMP by deamination will oppose the decrease in charge (the mole fraction of ATP plus half the mole fraction of ADP). The activity of the enzyme decreases sharply as the size of the adenine nucleotide pool decreases in and below the physiological range. This effect may be a self-limiting response to prevent excessive depletion of the pool. These suggestions, based on the properties of the enzyme observed in vitro, are consistent with the results of experiments on liver in vivo reported by other workers.
Drought of Opportunities: Contemporaneous and Long Term Impacts of Rainfall Shocks on Human Capital

Higher wages are generally thought to increase human capital production especially in the developing world. We show that human capital investment is procyclical in early life (in utero to age 3), but then becomes countercyclical. We argue this countercyclical effect is caused by families investing more time in schooling when outside options are worse. We show that children and mothers report a lower likelihood of work in drought years, and children are more likely to attend school. In addition, we find long term impacts of these shocks: adults who experienced more rainfall during school years have lower overall total years of schooling and lower wages. These results suggest that the opportunity cost of schooling, even for fairly young children, is an important factor in determining overall human capital investment.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
HFE‐associated hereditary hemochromatosis: Overview of genetics and clinical implications for nurse practitioners in primary care settings

Purpose HFE-hemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders in the United States among Caucasians of Northern European ancestry. The purpose of this article is to discuss HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), including the genetics, pathophysiology, phenotype and genotype, diagnostics, and management utilizing a case-based format as an exemplar. Data sources Online genetic resources; professional guidelines; review; and scientific articles. Conclusion HFE-HH is an autosomal recessive disorder and two major genes C282Y and H63D are associated with HH (iron overload) susceptibility particularly C282Y/C282Y mutations. It has a variable penetrance and expression. Individuals who develop iron overload may develop broad symptoms, including joint discomfort, fatigue, decreased libido, and abdominal pain; and if left untreated, HFE-HH has the potential of developing end-organ disease including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer; cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure; and diabetes. Suspicion of the disorder begins with personal and family history, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels, and if high, genotyping to confirm the disorder. Management consists of correcting iron overload to prevent/delay end-organ damage often consisting of intermittent phlebotomy. Implications for practice Knowledge of HFE-HH is essential so that nurse practitioners can identify individuals at risk and to provide appropriate management of care and referral.
The Continuing Search for Burial Sites

The District of Columbia staff was initially troubled by the allegation of a burial in the 1930s. The District of Columbia had a legal duty to investigate credible eyewitness evidence of a munitions burial in the District. The District of Columbia and the Corps discovered facts during the investigation that provide evidence of potential munitions storage areas: “the shell pits, powder magazines, detonator house, and explosives service building on the Spaulding property were boarded up and enclosed with fences or barbed wire to prevent access.” The District of Columbia discovered that the War Department maintained a presence at the AUES after the site was abandoned. The Annual Mobilization Plans through 1924 list the AUES as a CWS station. Small quantities of difficult to obtain chemicals and reagents were sent to the Department of Agriculture research lab at the AUES by the Edgewood Arsenal. Although the Corps conducted an extensive search for MacFee, the District of Columbia was not convinced that the Corps was given accurate information by the Aberdeen Police. Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center (EPIC) indicated that it could probably find burials of the nature described by MacFee on old aerial photographs. Therefore, the District's staff turned their efforts toward obtaining aerial photographs from that time period that may show excavations using a steam shovel.