cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On introducing phenomenology: An evaluation of some texts

In the fall of 1960, my first semester of graduate work in the United States, I spent an inordinate amount of time preparing a term paper for one of my courses, that on epistemology. The instructor was an eminent philosopher, long since retired, who was known to have little sympathy for either of the two broad principal currents of contemporary philosophy--namely, the amalgam of linguistic analysis and logical positivism that dominated Anglo-American thinking, and the converging existentialist and phenomenological movements that prevailed in Continental Europe; this man's tolerance both for unclarity and for unexplicated technical jargon was exceedingly low. I had decided to produce, as my project, a sympathetic synopsis of the thought of Edmund Husserl, which I took to be preeminently epistemological in its concerns. At the time, the enterprise was not an especially easy one. I had already read a great deal of Sartre, some Merleau-Ponty, a little Heidegger, plus a bit of Polin and other less well-known figures. The previous spring I had attended a course given by Canon Raymond Vancourt of the Facult~s Catholiques of Lille; at Vaneourt's urging, I had prepared a report, for the seminar, on Marvin Farber's dense but still valuable paraphrase (in English) of Husserl's early work, entitled The Foundation of Phenomenology: Edmund Husserl and the Quest for a Rigorous Science of Philosophy (I 943). I had also obtained some further sense, although (as was obvious even at the time) an unreliable one, of the development of the phenomenological movement from reading two of Vancourt's own very religiously oriented books, now nearly forgotten, La Philosophie et sa structure: philosophie et phbnombnologie and La Phbnomknologie et lafoi. I knew enough, then, to recognize Husserl's tremendous importance and the fact that he was seminal with respect to some of the great continental philosophers of the next generation who were then still in their primes, but I had received little guidance as to details. In those days, the corpus of philosophical works in English offered very little such guidance indeed. A glance at the Husserl bibliography in Herbert Spiegelberg's magisterial two-volume study, The Phenomenological
The association of neighborhood characteristics with obesity and metabolic conditions in older women

Objective Previous studies exploring the relationship of neighborhood characteristics with metabolic conditions have focused on middle-aged adults but none have comprehensively investigated associations in older adults, a potentially vulnerable population. The aim was to explore the relationship of neighborhood characteristics with metabolic conditions in older women.
Accumulation of phytoalexins in Phaseolus vulgaris hypocotyls following infection by Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract Phaseollin, kievitone, phaseollidin and phaseollinisoflavan were isolated from Rhizoctonia solani -infected bean hypocotyls bearing lesions of different ages. The four phytoalexins were concentrated in the lesion areas per se and accumulated with time. Kievitone occurred at 183 μg/g fresh weight in young lesions and at 638 μg/g fresh weight in mature lesions. Phaseollin concentrations were 18 and 782 μg/g fresh weight, respectively, at comparable stages of lesion maturity. Phaseollidin and phaseollinisoflavan never exceeded 50 μg/g fresh weight. The ED 50 values for inhibition of the radial growth of R. solani on an agar medium were 18, 36, 20 and 27 μg/ml, respectively, for phaseollin, kievitone, phaseollidin and phaseollinisoflavan. Phaseollin and kievitone exerted additive fungistatic effects. The concentrations of phaseollin and kievitone present in young lesions caused 85% inhibition of the radial growth of R. solani on a solid medium and a 40% loss of dry weight of R. solani mycelium in shake culture. The phytoalexins, primarily kievitone, may contribute a functional role in disease resistance by restricting the spread of R. solani in invaded host tissues. Bioassays of a number of fungi indicated that there was no correlation between fungal sensitivity to kievitone and pathogenicity to bean.
Regulation of aerobic fermentation in protozoans—II. Allosteric inhibition of the malic enzyme

Abstract 1. 1. The malic enzyme (E.C. 1.1.1.40) from the protozoan Crithidia fasciculata has been investigated in a kinetic study. 2. 2. There are two loci for the substrate, malate, and a single locus each for the coenzyme NADP + and the activating cation Mn 2+ . 3. 3. Previous studies have shown that this enzyme is subject to inhibition by oxalate, oxalacetate and acetyl-CoA. With the use of oxalate as a model inhibitor only one of the two substrate loci is affected; the inhibition is of a mixed type, tending to become competitive with the substrate as the concentration of inhibitor is increased. The inhibition with respect to the coenzyme is non-competitive. 4. 4. Preliminary studies using gel filtration indicate that the enzyme has a molecular weight of about 135,000 and is not dissociated into smaller units by the inhibitors.
Sliding mode control of underactuated multibody systems and its application to shape change control

In this article, we introduce an approach based on sliding mode control to design full state feedback controllers for stabilisation of underactuated non-linear multibody systems. We define first order sliding surfaces as a linear combination of actuated and unactuated coordinate tracking errors. Lyapunov stability analysis guarantees that all system trajectories reach and remain on the sliding surfaces. However, stability of the sliding surfaces depends on the equilibrium manifold. If the system has isolated equilibrium points, it is linearly controllable and asymptotic stability can be guaranteed under certain conditions. Otherwise, the control system fails Brockett's necessary condition for existence of a smooth stabilising feedback. In the latter case, if the total momentum is conserved, the closed-loop control system will be marginally stable. Consequently, a procedure is proposed to achieve an asymptotically stable discontinuous control law through sliding surface redefinition and shape changes. It i...
Site-directed mutagenesis of signal-recognition particle RNA Identification of the nucleotides in helix 8 required for interaction with protein SRP19

The RNA component of signal recognition particle (SRP) consists of eight helices which form a functional unit with the proteins of the SRP. The primary binding site of the 19-kDa protein of SRP (SRP19) is a tetranucleotide loop (tetraloop) in helix 6 of the SRP RNA, but additional determinants are located in helix 8, which might play important roles in the assembly and the function of the particle. To determine the structural features in helix 8 essential for interaction with SRP19, we altered helix 8 systematically by site-directed mutagenesis, and determined the ability of protein SRP19 to interact with the various mutant SRP RNAs. Binding of SRP19 was affected by base changes introduced into the 5′ portion (192A, 193G, 194G in the human SRP RNA), but not into the 3′ portion (205A, 206G, 207C) of the distally located conserved internal loop of helix 8. Of the three bases at positions 192–194, only a pyrimidine at position 192 impaired the association with SPR19. An important feature of the SRP19-RNA interaction were the three base pairs U195-G204, C196-G203 and G197-C202 which shape the helix-8 tetraloop. Some base-specific features in the base pairs were also recognized. The tetraloop bases of helix 8 were dispensable for the interaction with SRP19.
Non-perturbative modification of the Faddeev-Popov formula☆

Abstract A stochastic argument shows that the Faddeev-Popov formula in the Landau gauge may be modified by insertion of a factor χ ( A ) which is zero if A has a Gribov copy of smaller norm, ∫ d 4 x A 2 , and is one otherwise. This provides a probability distribution P ( A ) which is positive P ( A ) ⪖ 0 and Lorentz invariant. The resulting distribution is concentrated on points where ∂ · D ( A ) has no negative eigenvalues. It is suggested that tr ln[ ∂ · D ( A )/ ∂ 2 ] acts like an entropy which may shift the system to a non-perturbative phase.
An analysis of the expression locus of long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 neurons

Long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been understood as an increase in the potency of a synaptic connection between two neurons. In this study, we combine a previously developed two-stage cascade model with electrophysiological recordings of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells both before and after LTP to analyze linear and nonlinear contributions of pre and post-synaptic partners to the strengthening of their synaptic connectivity. The result suggests that the major nonlinear expression locus of LTP exists in the post-synaptic side. Additionally, the report reveals that LTP should be understood not only in the traditional view as a change in the magnitude of communication between two cells, but also as a change in their temporal coding properties of information exchange.
Genetic variability of alkaline phosphatase expression in inbred mouse tissues.

Quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) expression varies among various tissues and among inbred mouse strains. There is about a 20-fold difference in ALP activity in lungs from CBA/J and C57L/J inbred strains and this difference is inherited additively with a heritability of 0.84. Studies of thermostability at 56 and 65° C and sensitivity toward inhibitors (l-phenylalanine, l-homoarginine, l-phenylalanylglycylglycine, and levamisole) do not demonstrate differences in the ALP from lungs or liver of the CBA/J and C57L/J strains. The ALP activity in intestine expressed by the intestinal locus varies over 100-fold between A/J and DBA/1J strains. Further studies of the mechanisms resulting in this difference in ALP activity should help elucidate the mechanisms for aberrant expression of ALP in malignancy and for manipulation of low ALP activity in hypophosphatasia.
Shopping with consumers usage as past, present and future research technique

Abstract Shopping with consumers, a method that has yielded useful data in the past, is demonstrated as a method that can efficiently and effectively generate naturalistic text. We review how shopping with consumers has been utilized within retailing research, compare this method with other techniques applicable to the study of consumer shopping behavior, and provide a detailed description of how we have used the method in our own research. Recommendations for future use of the method are offered for both managers and researchers.
Theory and applications of random phase shifting technique

The conventional phase shifting technique requires a specific number of phase shifting steps (e.g., 3, 4, or 5) with known phase shifting intervals (e.g., π/2 or 2π/3). However, the error of phase shifting amounts in real applications is common due to various reasons, and such error can cause substantial error in the determination of phase distributions. This practical and important problem can be well coped with by the random phase shifting technique. Unlike the conventional techniques, the random phase shifting technique is capable of accurately extracting phase distributions from any arbitrarily phase-shifted interferograms or fringe patterns. With the advanced technique, not only the number of phase shifting steps but also the phase shifting intervals/amounts can be completely random as long as at least three frames have different phase shifts. In this paper, the theory of the random phase shifting technique is reviewed and selected applications are demonstrated.
Philothermal response, microtubules and dementia.

Abstract The role of microtubules in the philothermal response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was examined using colchicine, a known microtubule disrupting agent. Colchicine inhibited PMN migration in a dose dependent fashion. Spatial distribution analysis of the responding cell population revealed a preferential inhibition of distal cell migration, a pattern similar to that found for PMNs obtained from patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). The result is consistent with the known role of microtubules in directed cell migration and the hypothesized microtubuler defect in DAT. Further investigations of microtubules may provide insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of DAT.
Quench protection for the 21 MWh ETM coil

An emergency internal dump procedure and analysis are presented for the 21-MWh engineering test model (ETM) of a full-scale superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) coil. The coil is arranged into four modules which can be connected in parallel using cryogenic switches. The first step in the energy dump procedure is to close all switches. The second step is to expel the liquid helium in about 20 to 40 s. As the liquid helium level drops, the current transfers inductively from the uncovered top modules to the other modules. The conductor and parallel structure pieces tend to warm up uniformly with tolerant voltage levels. Two cases are considered: the case where all turns are connected in series (no parallel switching) and the case of the parallel connection of the four modules. A safety analysis of the consequences of a faulty switch is also presented.
Family Conflict and Childhood Aggression: The Role of Child Anxiety

Family conflict and childhood anxiety has been implicated in the development of aggressive behaviors, but the nature of these relationships has not been fully explored. Thus, the present study examined the role of anxiety in moderating the relationship between family conflict and childhood aggression in 50 children aged 7 to 13 years. Specifically, the study proposed that family conflict would be positively related to aggression in the context of higher levels of child anxiety. Parents completed self-report instruments examining family conflict and aggressive behavior exhibited by their children. Children completed a self-report measure of anxiety. The hypothesis was partially supported as family conflict was related to increased proactive but not reactive aggression in children with high levels of anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The liquid protein phase in crystallization : a case study : intact immunoglobulins

Abstract A common observation by protein chemists has been the appearance, for many proteins in aqueous solutions, of oil like droplets, or in more extreme cases the formation of a second oil like phase. These may accompany the formation of precipitate in “salting out” or “salting in’ procedures, but more commonly appear in place of any precipitate. Such phase separations also occur, with even greater frequency, in the presence of polymeric precipitants such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG). In general the appearance of a second liquid phase has been taken as indicative of protein aggregation, though an aggregate state distinctly different from that characteristic of amorphous precipitate. While the latter is thought to be composed of linear and branched assemblies, polymers of a sort, the oil phase suggests a more compact, three-dimensional, but fluid state. An important property of an alternate, fluid phase is that it can mediate transitions between other states, for example, between protein molecules free in solution and protein molecules immobilized in amorphous precipitate or crystals. The “liquid protein” phase can be readily observed in many crystallization experiments either prior to the appearance of visible crystals, or directly participating in the crystal growth process. In some cases the relationship between the liquid phase and developing crystals is intimate. Crystals grow directly from the liquid phase, or appear only after the visible formation of the liquid phase. We describe here our experience with a class of macromolecules, immunoglobulins, and particularly IDEC-151, an IgG specific for CD4 on human lymphocytes. This protein has been crystallized from a Jeffamine-LiSO 4 mother liquor and, its crystallization illustrates many of the features associated with the liquid protein, or protein rich phase.
Pseudoscalar and vector mesons as qbar q bound states

Two-body bound states such as mesons are described by solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We discuss recent results for the pseudoscalar and vector meson masses and leptonic decay constants, ranging from pions up to c bound states. Our results are in good agreement with data. Essential in these calculation is a momentum-dependent quark mass function, which evolves from a constituent-quark mass in the infrared region to a currentquark mass in the perturbative region. In addition to the mass spectrum, we review the electromagnetic form factors of the light mesons. Electromagnetic current conservation is manifest and the influence of intermediate vector mesons is incorporated self-consistently. The results for the pion form factor are in excellent agreement with experiment.
Aerobic Conditioning in Mild Asthma Decreases the Hyperpnea of Exercise and Improves Exercise and Ventilatory Capacity

Study objective To determine the effect of an aerobicconditioning program on fitness, respiratory physiology, and restinglung function in patients with mild asthma. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Outpatientrehabilitation facility. Methods Five patients withmild intermittent asthma and five normal control subjects completed a10-week aerobic conditioning program. Pulmonary function studies andnoninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed before andafter the conditioning program. Results After aerobicconditioning, there were significant gains in maximum oxygenconsumption ( V ˙ o 2 max; 22.73 mL/kg/min vs25.29 mL/kg/min, p = 0.01, asthma; 22.94 mL/kg/min vs 27.85mL/kg/min, p = 0.03, control) and anaerobic threshold (0.99 L/min vs1.09 L/min, p = 0.03, asthma; 0.89 L/min vs 1.13 L/min, p = 0.01,control) in both groups. Although FEV 1 was unchanged, themaximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) improved in the asthma group (96.0L/min vs 108.2 L/min, p = 0.08, asthma; 134.0 L/min vs 131.2 L/min,p = 0.35, control). During exercise, minute ventilation( V ˙ e) for each level of work was decreased in theasthma group after conditioning, while little change occurred in thecontrol group (68.48 L/min vs 51.70 L/min at initial V ˙ o 2 max, p = 0.02, asthma; 65.82 L/minvs 63.12 L/min at initial V ˙ o 2 max,p = 0.60, control). A significant decrease in the ventilatoryequivalent ( V ˙ e/oxygen consumption, 40.8 vs 30.4 at V ˙ o 2 max, p = 0.02, asthma; 37.2 vs 35.84 at V ˙ o 2 max, p = 0.02,control) and the dyspnea index ( V ˙ e/MVV) at submaximal(0.44 vs 0.38, p = 0.05, asthma; 0.32 vs 0.38, p Conclusions Exercise rehabilitation improves aerobicfitness in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic participants of a 10-weekaerobic fitness program. Additional benefits of improved ventilatorycapacity and decreased hyperpnea of exercise occurred in patients withmild asthma.
Development of Software for Calculating Temperature Field by FEM Simulation to Hot Strip Mill

The temperature field of hot strip during rolling was simulated by FEM. The temperature drop curve and temperature field at any time were solved Furthermore, a temperature field simulation software based on the practical production conditions was developed and applied to simulate the temperature field of a combination of multiple grades of steel, rolling, diversified equipment and cooling steps. In the end, simulation results are analyzed and edge masking controlling in width in LFC is discussed.
Airflow and Deposition of Nano-Particles in a Human Nasal Cavity

A 3D computational model was developed to study the flow and the transport and deposition of nano-size particle in a realistic human nasal passage. The nasal cavity was constructed from a series of MRI images of coronal sections of a nose of a live human subject. For several breathing rates associated with low or moderate activities, the steady state flows in the nasal passage were simulated numerically. The airflow simulation results were compared with the available experimental data for the nasal passage. Despite the anatomical differences of the human subjects used in the experiments and computer model, the simulation results were in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Deposition and transport of ultrafine particles (1 to 100 nm) in the nasal cavity for different breathing rates were also simulated using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The simulation results for the nasal capture efficiency were found to be in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data for a number of human subjects given typical anatomical differences. The computational results for the nasal capture efficiency for nano-particles and various breathing rates in the laminar regime were found to correlate well with the ratio of particle diffusivity to the breathing rate especially for the particles smaller than 20 nm. Based on the simulated results, a semi-empirical equation for the capture efficiency of the nasal passage for nano-size particles was fitted in terms of Peclet number.
Clinical Trial Report: Prevalence and Predictors of Mechanical Dyssynchrony as Defined by Phase Analysis in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Introduction: Over the past decade, CRT has been shown to be beneficial in the majority of patients with NYHA class III to IV symptoms, prolonged QRS duration, and an ejection fraction ≤35%. Unfortunately, current patient selection parameters lead to implantation in an estimated third of patients for whom improvement is not demonstrable. Alternatively, using QRS duration as a surrogate for electrical dyssynchrony may lead to the inappropriate exclusion of large segments of the Heart Failure population that may benefit from CRT. Efforts have been directed toward precisely defining LV mechanical dyssynchrony to improve patient selection for CRT. Recently, phase analysis of gated single photon emission CT (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been introduced as an alternative method to echocardiography in the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. Although dyssynchrony is common in patients with LV dysfunction, its exact prevalence has not been thoroughly described. Also, less known are predictive factors, the presence of which would prompt further testing for dyssynchrony. The study described by Samad and co-workers provides interesting insight into them.
IT Support Conversation Manager: A Conversation-Centered Approach and Tool for Managing Best Practice IT Processes

There is a push in the enterprise towards facilitating processes from best practice frameworks (such as the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL)) to make them more repeatable, efficient and cost-effective. Best practice processes provide descriptive, high level guidelines rather than prescriptive, precise process model definitions. They are meant to be followed by people and may be adapted and enacted differently in various realizations. Currently, ITIL processes are either supported by tools that hard code an interpretation of the process logic, or followed by people using productivity tools. This is inefficient because existing tools hardcode a rigid logic of the processes, and do not support collaborative and flexible realizations of processes. Moreover, there is a risk of information loss when people using rigid productivity tools, and are forced to collaborate outside of those tools. In this paper, we present a conversation-centered approach and a tool that enables dynamic and flexible definition and enactment of best practice processes in a collaborative and interactive manner. We address the issue of information loss by using the concept of a conversation as a container of information about the interactions among people in the context of a process. A conversation is backed with a semi-structured process model and process templates to support flexible and adaptive process realization. We showcase the approach using an illustrative use case in incident and problem management, based on best practice processes from ITIL.
Studies of hydrodynamic events in stellar evolution. III Ejection of planetary nebulae

The dynamic behavior of the H-rich envelope (0.101 solar mass) of an evolved star (1.1 solar mass) as the luminosity rises to 19000 solar luminosity during the second ascent of the red giant branch. For luminosities in the range 3100 L 19000 solar luminosity the H-rich envelope pulsates like a long-period variable (LPV) with periods of the order of a year. As L reaches 19000 solar luminosity, the entire H-rich envelope is ejected as a shell with speeds of a few 10 km/s. The ejection occurs on a timescale of a few LPV pulsation periods. This ejection is associated with the formation of a planetary nebula. The computations are based on an implicit hydrodynamic computer code. T- and RHO-dependent opacities and excitation and ionization energies are included. As the H-rich envelope is accelerated off the stellar core, the gap between envelope and core is approximated by a vacuum, filled with radiation. Across the vacuum, the luminosity is conserved and the anisotropy of the radiation is considered as well as the solid angle subtended by the remnant star at the inner surface of the H-rich envelope. Spherical symmetry and the diffusion approximation are assumed.
Changes in corneal collagen induced by holmium:YAG laser irradiation

Holmium:YAG laser thermokeratoplasty corrects hyperopia (farsightedness) by producing small areas of corneal collagen shrinkage that cause the central cornea to bulge outward, increasing optical power. Collagen shrinkage is probably caused by laser-heated corneal water, but details of the shrinkage mechanism are not known. We investigated the shrinkage mechanism by measuring changes in corneal ultrastructure, surface shrinkage, water content, and strength following Ho:YAG laser exposures. Morphological changes in collagen were documented by measurements from electron micrographs. Corneal adhesive strength was determined by measuring tearing force in a plane parallel to the corneal surface. Laser-induced water loss was measured by weighing corneal samples before and after exposure. Corneal surface shrinkage was assessed by photographing the movement of particles on the cornea. Lasered collagen fibrils increased in diameter, lost their orderly arrangement, and appeared `frayed.' The corneal surface contracted toward lasered areas with a maximal shift of approximately 190 micrometers , more than could be explained by a model based on collagen fibril changes. Water loss plays a minor role in corneal shrinkage since corneal samples lost about only about 1.4% of their weight after massive laser exposure. Despite marked changes in collagen structure, corneal adhesive force was unchanged.
Characterization of deep centers in undoped semi-insulating GaAs substrates by normalized thermally stimulated current spectroscopy: comparison of 100 and 150 mm wafers

A well-established characterization method for investigating deep traps in semi-insulating (SI) GaAs is thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy; however, TSC is not considered to be a quantitative technique because it involves carrier mobility, lifetime, and geometric factors, which are either unknown or poorly known. In this paper, we first show how to quantify a TSC spectrum, by normalizing with infrared (hv = 1.13 eV) photocurrent, and then apply this method (called NTSC) to study the lateral uniformity of the main deep centers across the diameters of undoped SI GaAs wafers. The wafers used in the study include both the standard 100 mm sizes and the new 150 mm variations, and are grown by both the low and high pressure liquid encapsulated Czochralski techniques. The results reveal that the 150 mm wafers have a worse NTSC uniformity for the main traps and a higher degree of compensation, as compared these parameters for the 100 mm wafers. In addition, nonuniformities related to the electric field effects on both the TSC spectrum and the low temperature photocurrent are found in the 150 mm wafer grown by the low pressure technique.
Aerodynamics of Shuttle Orbiter at high altitudes

The high-altitude/high-Knudsen number aerodynamics of the Shuttle Orbiter are computed from Low-Earth Orbit down to 100 km using three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo and free molecule codes. Results are compared with Blanchard's latest Shuttle aerodynamic model, which is based on in-flight accelerometer measurements, and bridging formula models. Good comparison is observed, except for the normal force and pitching moment coefficients. The present results were obtained for a generic Shuttle geometry configuration corresponding to a zero deflection for all control surfaces.
Goal-dependent dissociation of visual and prefrontal cortices during working memory

To determine the specific contribution of brain regions to working memory, human participants performed two distinct tasks on the same visually presented objects. During the maintenance of visual properties, object identity could be decoded from extrastriate, but not prefrontal, cortex, whereas the opposite held for nonvisual properties. Thus, the ability to maintain information during working memory is a general and flexible cortical property, with the role of individual regions being goal-dependent.
Improving the Quality of Studies on Self Concept in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Self concept plays an integral role in the development of children, allowing them to form healthy relationships and become independent and active participants in society as they mature into adulthood (Harter in The development of self-representations. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3, pp. 553–617. New York, NY: Wiley, 1998). Although studies have been directed toward the investigation of self concept in typically developing children (e.g. Harter in The self. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon & R. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3, 6 ed., pp. 505–570. Hoboken: Wiley, 2006), little is known about the nature of self concept in children who have physical health conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP). In this article, the authors integrate findings from self concept research involving typically developing children, children with mild intellectual disability (MID), and children with CP to gain an understanding of what knowledge there is and how to proceed in future research. Examination of the studies completed to date has led to suggestions that will improve the quality of future studies. Research on self concept in children with CP should control for personal factors such as physical impairment level, intelligence, age, and gender, as well as the environmental factor of educational placement. Future research ought to be undertaken to better establish the psychometric properties of instruments used to measure self concept for use with children that have CP.
Perturbation regulated kernel regressors for supervised machine learning

This paper develops a kernel perturbation-regulated (KPR) regressor based on the errors-in-variables models. KPR offers a strong smoothing capability critical to the robustness of regression or classification results. For Gaussian cases, the notion of orthogonal polynomials is instrumental to optimal estimation and its error analysis. More exactly, the regressor may be expressed as a linear combination of many simple Hermite Regressors, each focusing on one (and only one) orthogonal polynomial. For Gaussian or non-Gaussian cases, this paper formally establishes a “Two-Projection Theorem” allowing the estimation task to be divided into two projection stages: the first projection reveals the effect of model-induced error (caused by under-represented regressor models) while the second projection reveals the extra estimation error due to the (inevitable) input measuring error. The two-projection analysis leads to a closed-form error formula critical for order/error tradeoff. The simulation results not only confirm the theoretical prediction but also demonstrate superiority of KPR over the conventional ridge regression method in MSE reduction.
K Absorption Edge of Selenium

Use of thin unsupported selenium absorbers has permitted observation of significant structure in the $K$ absorption spectrum. Observations of the $K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ emission and the fundamental optical absorption of similar samples have been made and used to assist in the interpretation of the $K$ edge structure. It is suggested that the prominent absorption maximum at the experimentally determined "edge" arises from transitions to an x-ray excitation state or states in the region of the forbidden energy gap. The following general absorption is attributed to transitions to the conduction band. The gap energy required in this interpretation is approximately 4 electron volts, indicating that the lower part of the conduction band contains little $p$-type symmetry.
Thermoelectric properties of porous multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline core/shell nanocomposites

Porous polyaniline (PANI)-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) core/shell nanohybrids were fabricated through in situ polymerization and subsequently assembled into macroscopic composites. N(2) adsorption/desorption analysis indicated that the volume of nanopores increased significantly, which could make a significant contribution to phonon scattering. Thermal annealing was also carried out to improve the Seebeck coefficient of the as-produced nanocomposites. The optimal sample showed electrical conductivity of 14.1 S cm(-1), a Seebeck coefficient of 79.8 μV K(-1) and thermal conductivity of 0.27 W mK(-1), resulting in a highest figure of merit (ZT) of 0.01 at a very low loading of MWNTs (<1 wt%). These results will provide a potential direction to enhance thermoelectric performance of organic materials and also facilitate the application of organic materials in thermal energy harvesting or cooling.
Creep of Nextel™ 610 Fiber at 1100°C in Air and in Steam

Creep of Nextel™610 fibers was investigated at 1100°C and 100–500 MPa in air and in steam. The effect of loading rate on fiber tensile strength was also explored. The presence of steam accelerated creep and reduced fiber lifetimes. Loading rate had a considerable effect on tensile strength in steam, but not in air. A linear elastic crack growth model was used to predict the creep lifetimes from the constant loading rate data. The dependence of tensile strength on loading rate and the predictability of creep lifetimes suggest that the failure mechanism in steam was environmentally assisted subcritical crack growth. The creep-rupture data were analyzed in terms of a Monkman-Grant (MG) relationship. Monkman-Grant parameters for creep-rupture data were the same in steam and air, and predicted creep-rupture at 1100°C in both environments. A grain-size increase of about 25% was observed by TEM after 100 h at 1100°C in steam, which was about two times that observed in air.
Selective homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn transfer method for in vivo spectral editing in the human brain

A novel selective homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn transfer method for in vivo spectral editing is proposed and applied to measurements of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain at 3 T. The proposed method utilizes a new concept for in vivo spectral editing, the spectral selectivity of which is not based on a conventional editing pulse but based on the stringent requirement of the doubly selective Hartmann–Hahn match. The sensitivity and spectral selectivity of GABA detection achieved by this doubly selective Hartmann–Hahn match scheme was superior to that achievable by conventional in vivo spectral editing techniques providing both sensitivity enhancement and excellent suppression of overlapping resonances in a single shot. Since double-quantum filtering gradients were not employed, singlets such as the NAA methyl group at 2.02 ppm and the creatine methylene group at 3.92 ppm were detected simultaneously. These singlets may serve as navigators for the spectral phase of GABA and for frequency shifts during measurements. The estimated concentration of GABA in the frontoparietal region of the human brain in vivo was 0.7 ± 0.2 μmol/g (mean ± SD, n = 12). Magn Reson Med 53:503–510, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vinculin is an Essential Component for Normal Myofibrillar Arrangement in Fetal Mouse Cardiac Myocytes

Abstract Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein that is believed to be an essential component in the linkage of cytoskeletal actin filaments to the plasma membrane. To investigate the precise function of vinculin in the development of cardiac myofibrils, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to vinculin mRNA were used to perturb the expression of the protein during myofibril assembly and arrangement in mouse cardiac myocytes. Fetal (day 18–20 post-conception) mouse cardiac myocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion, separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and plated on aligned collagen gels. By 72 h of culture, mouse myocytes displayed an elongated in vivo -like phenotype in parallel with the aligned fibrils of the collagen gels with polarized arrays of myofibrils. Two different antisense oligonucleotides (20-mer) altered the formation of the tissue-like phenotype of myocytes. These antisense oligonucleotides suppressed vinculin protein expression at 43.5±26.8% and 48.7±20.9% when compared to myocytes that were not treated. Examination of these myocytes by confocal scanning laser and transmission electron microscopy revealed a disruption of the aligned in vivo -like phenotype, assembly of thick and thin filaments, and formulation of Z-bands. Random sequence 20-mer oligonucleotides used as controls had little detectable effect on vinculin protein expression (94.2±14.8%), cell shape, normal alignment or assembly of myofibrils. These results indicate that vinculin is a critical cytoskeletal component, that functions in the determination of cell shape and the arrangement and organization of developing myofibrils.
SocialTrust++: Building community-based trust in Social Information Systems

Social information systems - popularized by Facebook, Wikipedia, Twitter, and other social websites - are emerging as a powerful new paradigm for distributed social-powered information management. While there has been growing interest in these systems by businesses, government agencies, and universities, there remain important open challenges that must be addressed if the potential of these social systems is to be fully realized. For example, the presence of poor quality users and users intent on manipulating the system can disrupt the quality of socially-powered information and knowledge sharing applications. In this paper, we outline the SocialTrust++ project at Texas A&M University. The overall research goal of the SocialTrust++ project is to develop, analyze, deploy, and test algorithms for building, enabling, and leveraging community-based trust in Social Information Systems. Concretely, we are developing a trustworthy community-based information platform so that each user in a Social Information System can have transparent access to the community's trust perspective to enable more effective and efficient social information access.
Critical temperature and density from liquid-vapor coexistence data: application to refrigerants R32, R124, and R152a

Abstract Liquid-vapor coexisting density and temperature data within 3 to 20 K of the critical point at approximately 1 K intervals are used to obtain the critical temperature (Tc) and the critical density (ϱc) of the refrigerants R32, R124, and R152a. The difference between the saturated liquid density and the saturated vapor density is used to obtain Tc which is, in turn, used in an equation for the rectilinear diameter to obtain ϱc. For the determination of Tc, coexisting densities and temperature are allowed to vary as normally distributed variables about a mean, the reported experimental value, with a standard deviation equal to one-third the reported experimental uncertainty. For the determination of ϱc, Tc is similarly allowed to vary based on its previously determined value and uncertainty. Equally probable data subsets are chosen randomly from the complete data set. Consistent results for Tc and ϱc, obtained as averages, and their uncertainties expressed at the 2σ level based on deviations from these averages, are achieved when the data selection-data fitting procedure is repeated two to three hundred times. The critical values obtained agree with those in the literature within the estimated uncertainties. This method yields critical properties consistent with experimental coexisting properties using data removed from the critical point and can complement various methods of determining Tc and ϱc that include the direct observation of the critical point.
Professor Jean Anyon, 1941–2013

Jean Anyon was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on 16 July 1941. She died of cancer on 7 September 2013 at the age of 72. Anyon spent the first part of her distinguished career at Rutgers University...
Defending Wireless Sensor Networks against Adversarial Localization

In this paper, we study the issue of defending against adversarial localization in wireless sensor networks. Adversarial localization refers to attacks where an adversary attempts to disclose physical locations of sensors in the network. The adversary accomplishes this by physically moving in the network while eavesdropping on communication messages exchanged by sensors, and measuring raw physical properties of messages like Angle of Arrival, Signal Strength of the detected signal. In this paper, we aim to defend sensor networks against such kinds of adversarial localization. The core challenge comes from the sensors performing two conflicting objectives simultaneously: localize the adversary, and hide from the adversary. The principle of our approach and the subsequent defense protocol is to allow sensors intelligently predict their own importance as a measure of these two conflicting requirements. Only a few important sensors will participate in any message exchanges. This ensures high degree of adversary localization, while also protecting location privacy of many sensors. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of our protocol.
MARKET REACTION TO NATIONAL DISCRETION IN IMPLEMENTING THE BASLE ACCORD

We report the wealth effects among banks in the United States, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom in reaction to public announcements concerning their respective national implementation of the 1988 Basle Accord, an international risk-based capital regulatory agreement. Previous survey findings indicate bankers in different countries perceive that national discretion could threaten the competitive equity goals of the new risk-based capital rules. Based on a multivariate regression model using seemingly unrelated equations, we find significantly positive and negative market reactions by bank investors to individual announcements of different countries' post-Accord capital rules. However, no particular country's banks were systematically advantaged or disadvantaged with national discretion announcements viewed in aggregate. Although national discretion does affect bank wealth, the evidence does not suggest that national implementation compromises the competitive goals of the Accord.
Increasing accuracy of dispersal kernels in grid-based population models

Dispersal kernels in grid-based population models specify the proportion, distance and direction of movements within the model landscape. Spatial errors in dispersal kernels can have large compounding effects on model accuracy. Circular Gaussian and Laplacian dispersal kernels at a range of spatial resolutions were investigated, and methods for minimizing errors caused by the discretizing process were explored. Kernels of progressively smaller sizes relative to the landscape grid size were calculated using cell-integration and cell-center methods. These kernels were convolved repeatedly, and the final distribution was compared with a reference analytical solution. For large Gaussian kernels (� > 10 cells), the total kernel error was <10 −11 compared to analytical results. Using an invasion model that tracked the time a population took to reach a defined goal, the discrete model results were comparable to the analytical reference. With Gaussian kernels that had � ≤ 0.12 using the cell integration method, or � ≤ 0.22 using the cell center method, the kernel error was greater than 10%, which resulted in invasion times that were orders of magnitude different than theoretical results. A goal-seeking routine was developed to adjust the kernels to minimize overall error. With this, corrections for small kernels were found that decreased overall kernel error to <10 −11 and invasion time error to <5%.
Changing Form and Function in the Ceremonial and the Colonial Port City in India: An Historical Analysis of Madurai and Madras

The city has usually been first of all a ‘place’—a clearly defined space visibly possessed and controlled by human beings and often sacred to their gods, a statement of man imposed upon the chaotic and threatening vastness of nature. It has represented the desire of man to master his own world, creating an environment reflecting his powers of reason, his desire for convenience and order, and his aesthetic predilection for beauty and meaningfulness in his surroundings.
Probability of error analysis of digital partial response continuous phase modulation with two-bit differential detection and offset receiver diversity in fast Rayleigh fading channels

The performance of constant envelope digital partial response continuous phase modulation (PRCPM) with two-bit differential detection and offset receiver diversity is theoretically analyzed in fast Rayleigh fading channels. A simple closed-form expression for the probability of error is derived and evaluated for cases of practical interest to researchers and designers of land mobile radio systems. It is shown that the dynamic bit error rate (BER) performance is considerably improved using the offset diversity scheme. Thus, many PRCPM signals having a compact power spectrum can be used in future digital mobile radio systems. >
Compactly Supported Wavelets Based on Almost Interpolating and Nearly Linear Phase Filters (Coiflets)

Abstract New compactly supported wavelets for which both the scaling and wavelet functions have a high number of vanishing moments are presented. Such wavelets are a generalization of the so-called coiflets and they are useful in applications where interpolation and linear phase are of importance. The new approach is to parameterize coiflets by the first moment of the scaling function. By allowing noninteger values for this parameter, the interpolation and linear phase properties of coiflets are optimized. Besides giving a new definition for coiflets, a new system for the filter coefficients is introduced. This system has a minimal set of defining equations and can be solved with algebraic or numerical methods. Examples are given of the various types of coiflets that can be obtained from such systems. The corresponding filter coefficients are listed and their properties are illustrated.
The Effectiveness of Using Communication-Centered Intervention to Facilitate Phonological Learning in Young Children

Treatment of preschool children with moderate to severe speech sound disorders is typically a long-term endeavor with many sounds and sound patterns requiring intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine if a communication-centered intervention would be effective in improving speech production with this population. The intervention consisted of the combined application of focused stimulation of key words during joint storybook reading and interactive practice of key words using communicative feedback. Participants displayed unique response patterns to the intervention. Two of the three participants demonstrated improvement in the use of the target speech pattern during intervention sessions, with one of the participants demonstrating generalization of the target pattern to conversational speech. Although the third participant did not demonstrate improvement during the intervention period, follow-up testing revealed some systemwide changes in his phonological system. This study provides prelimi...