cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age-synchronous culture of Caenorhabditis elegans: technique and applications.

Abstract The inclusion of mobility to an age synchrony method and the development of an inexpensive filter device resulted in a natural aging system without resorting to invasive chemical techniques. Large or small cohorts of nematodes with less than 1% offspring contamination are possible. The filter/mobility method is compared to other methods using the same strain and culture temperature. The applicability of the method is shown with a variety of parameters, and a previously reported parameter of aging in nematodes, i.e. , specific gravity, is shown not to be an aging parameter of Caenorhabditis elegans .
Terdiurnal Surface-Pressure Oscillations over the Continental United States

Abstract The small terdiurnal pressure oscillation S3(p) is determined over the conterminous United States by analyzing long time series of hourly barometer data from 180 stations. Spectral analysis of these time series reveals that the terdiurnal band is dominated by three or four spectral peaks, separated in frequency by 1 cpy. The central peak at 3 cpd is invariably smaller than the two immediate side peaks, indicative of extraordinarily strong seasonal variations in the tide. The largest terdiurnal tide occurs over the south-central United States in winter where amplitudes exceed 300 μbar. Summertime amplitudes are roughly one-half as large. Summer and winter tides are almost completely out of phase, with rapid 180° shifts occurring in the equinox seasons when amplitudes are very small.
Effects of a Small Group Microcomputer-Mediated Motor Skills Instructional Package

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a microcomputer-mediated motor skills teaching package in a small group training session. Two groups of three young children with cerebral palsy ...
AH receptor, ARNT, glucocorticoid receptor, EGF receptor, EGF, TGFα, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 expression in human embryonic palate, and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)†

Protein and mRNA for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα), EGF receptor, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), TGFβ2, TGFβ3, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) were localized in gestational days (GD) 49–59 human embryonic secondary palates. The response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was determined for expression of these genes following palatal organ culture. Craniofacial tissues were shipped in medium from the Human Embryology Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Half of each specimen was cultured in control medium and half in medium containing TCDD at either 1 × 10-8 or 1 × 10-10 M. After fixation and paraffin-embedding, sections were examined either immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization. Expression patterns were determined for each gene for the major stages of palatogenesis and in response to TCDD and compared to previously determined patterns of expression in the same developmental stages of palatogenesis for the mouse (GD49–59 in human palatogenesis corresponds to GD12–16 in the mouse). Human and mouse palates were dissimilar in particular spatiotemporal patterns of expression of these genes. Relative to patterns in mouse palatal development, human tissues demonstrated expression of EGF at early palatal stages, expression of EGF receptor and TGFα throughout fusion events, and uniform expression of TGFβ3 in all epithelial regions without specifically higher levels in the medial cells. The responses to TCDD also differed in patterns of gene expression as well as in concentration required to induce hyperplasia of the medial epithelium. In summary, human palates expressed all of these regulatory genes, responses to TCDD were detected, and comparison between mouse and human palates revealed interspecies variation that may be a factor in each species' response to TCDD, as well as other teratogenic exposures. Teratology 58:30–43, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the complexity of the circularity test for attribute grammars

It is shown that both the upper and the lower bounds on the time complexity of the circularity test for Knuth's attribute grammars are exponential functions of the size of the grammar description. This result implies the "intractability" of the circularity test in the sense that the implementation of a general algorithm is not feasible. Another significance of this result is that this is one of the first problems actually arising in practice which has been proven to be of exponential time complexity.
Locking plates have increased torsional stiffness compared to standard plates in a segmental defect model of clavicle fracture

To evaluate the effect of locked plate technology to resist torsion in a clavicle fracture model of segmental bone loss. Forty-four synthetic clavicles were repaired with either 3.5 mm locked compression plate (LCP) or 3.5 mm low-contact dynamic compression plate (LCDCP). They were divided into two groups of 22 specimens. Each group was tested to evaluate torsional stiffness, load at failure, deflection at failure, and unconstrained plate motion. LCP group showed significantly greater stiffness in torsion compared to the LCDCP group (p < 0.001). Average difference was 20.9%. Load at failure was not significantly different (p < 0.07). Deflection at failure was significantly less for the LCP group (p < 0.03). Unconstrained motion or plate ‘looseness’ was significantly less for the LCP group (p < 0.017). In a simulated model of segmental clavicle fracture, a LCP provided more stiffness and less deflection than a low-contact dynamic compression plate.
Stable resonators with graded-phase (aspherical) mirrors

Aspherical (graded-phase) mirrors are potentially useful in stable resonators to obtain a desired intensity distribution at the output of a low-loss or moderate-loss resonator. The mode volume for single-mode operation can also be increased over that which can be obtained using a stable resonator. Much of the work on this concept to date has concentrated on resonators that have a super-gaussian mode at the output mirror. Here we explore some concepts involving other amplitude distributions that may be used to further enlarge the mode volume, although the output distribution may not be as desirable as the super gaussian.
Aggregation Rate Measurements by Zero-Angle Time-Resolved Multiangle Laser Light Scattering

A new method for determining second-order aggregation rate constants via time-resolved multiangle laser light scattering is introduced. A major advantage of this approach is that second-order aggre...
Influence of lateral mixing on longshore currents

Abstract A variety of different lateral mixing models have been employed in the equation of motion for determining wave-induced longshore currents. The equation of motion is cast into a general form which enables a comparison of the various models. Analytic solutions for longshore currents are developed for seven different mixing models. A nonplanar beach profile is employed because it has been found to be representative of many beaches and it allows for a distinction between offshore and depth scaling of eddies. The seven different mixing models include models which vary monotonically with horizontal distance offshore and models which change form at the breaker line. Numerical results indicate that the longshore current profile is rather insensitive to the form of the mixing model for nonplanar beach profiles.
On the noble-gas-induced intersystem crossing for the CUO molecule: experimental and theoretical investigations of CUO(Ng)n (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; n = 1, 2, 3, 4) complexes in solid neon.

Uranium atoms excited by laser ablation react with CO in excess neon to produce the novel CUO molecule, which forms distinct Ng complexes (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe) when the heavier noble gases are added. The CUO(Ng) complexes are identified through CO isotopic and Ng substitution on the neon matrix infrared spectra and by comparison to DFT frequency calculations. The U−C and U−O stretching frequencies of CUO(Ng) complexes are slightly red-shifted from frequencies for the 1Σ+ CUO ground state, which identifies singlet ground state CUO(Ng) complexes. In solid neon the CUO molecule is also a complex CUO(Ne)n, and the CUO(Ne)n-1(Ng) complexes are likewise specified. The next singlet CUO(Ne)x(Ng)2 complexes in excess neon follow in like manner. However, the higher CUO(Ne)x(Ng)n complex (n = 3, 4) stretching modes approach pure argon matrix CUO(Ar)n values and isotopic behavior, which are characterized as triplet ground state complexes by DFT frequency calculations. This work suggests that the singlet−triplet crossing ...
Determination of Zinc Bioavailability from Soy Protein Concentrates by Slope‐Ratio Analysis

Soy protein concentrates were made by 60% ethanol leaching (EC) and hot water leaching (WC), resulting in phytate-to-Zn molar ratios of 52 and 23, respectively. Zn bioavailability was determined by a slope-ratio assay. Varied dietary Zn levels were achieved by either ZnCO3 or soy concentrate addition to an egg albumin diet. For weight gain, slope ratios relative to ZnCO3 were 0.67 (P< 0.001) for EC and 0.81 (P<0.01) for WC. Zn bioavailability was higher for WC than for EC (slope ratio of 0.82, P<0.05). For log tibia Zn, slope ratios relative to ZnCO3 were 0.36 (P< 0.001) for EC and 0.57 (P<0.01) for WC. The appropriateness of the slope-ratio assay for Zn sources of differing bioavailabilities is discussed.
The impact of the skills gap on the recruitment of MIS graduates

Enrollment in MIS degree programs has been dropping significantly since 2001. Some of the reasons for this decline include the perceived lack of jobs for MIS graduates, confusion over the variety of computing degree programs, disinterest in MIS careers, and MIS programs which fail to prepare students adequately for careers in MIS. This paper looks at each of these potential causes for the enrollment decline and offers suggestions to reverse this trend. Given the lack of material support for the first three potential causes of the decline in enrollment, the bulk of this research is devoted to investigating the deficiencies of the MIS program from the employer's perspective.We will conduct a survey which will identify which skills MIS graduates are lacking from the employer's point of view and what impact this skills gap has on the recruitment practices of the employers. Our belief is that once employers begin actively recruiting for MIS graduates, the misperceptions of the job prospects for MIS graduates by potential students will likewise diminish and enrollment in the programs which respond to industries' needs will subsequently rebound.
Measurement and modeling of phase equilibria with synthetic multicomponent mixtures

Abstract Angelos, C.P., Bhagwat, S.V. and Matthews, M.A., 1992. Measurement and modeling of phase equilibria with synthetic multicomponent mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 72: 189-209. Experimental P-T-x-y data are presented for two synthetic polydisperse mixtures which contain two or three continuous ensembles of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics (P, N, A). The data are modeled using a continuous formulation based on the quadrature method. This method lumps the P, N and A ensembles in a single distribution which is characterized only by a distillation curve and a Watson characterization factor. In addition, details are given for calculating the actual phase distribution from the results of a quadrature flash routine. Studies using synthetic mixtures allow detailed study of the equation of state and the mathematical formulation, while eliminating the uncertainties associated with the characterization of unknown mixtures.
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA L.)

Abstract Geographic variation in the reproductive strategy of eelgrass on the Pacific coast of North America is reflected in differences in flowering frequency, seed production and the effects of salinity on germination. The analysis of variance of temperature and salinity effects on seed germination detected significant salinity effects, but not temperature effects. Low salinities enhanced germination except in seeds from the Gulf of California, which germinated readily in normal strength sea water. Populations at the margins of the geographic range of eelgrass are characterized by high incidence of density-independent mortality, and by an increase in the incidence of sexual reproduction. At the southern margin of the range in the Gulf of California, where high water temperatures kill all plants in summer, there is a 100% flowering response and a high rate of germination success. These populations grow subtidally and arise anew each year from seedlings. At the northern margin of the range in the Bering Sea where ice scouring in winter is an important source of mortality, eelgrass is limited to subtidal areas or intertidal pools. In these perennial populations the sexual reproductive effort is greater than that of subtidal populations in the central portion of the range. In the central portion of the range, eelgrass exhibits two reproductive strategies. In subtidal areas where salinity fluctuation is minimal, dense stands of perennial plants reproduce vegetatively. In intertidal areas where seasonally low salinities enhance seed germination, there is a higher incidence of flowering.
Integrated Decision Making in Electric Vehicle and Charging Station Location Network Design

A major barrier in consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is ‘range anxiety,’ the concern that the vehicle will run out of power at an inopportune time. Range anxiety is caused by the current relatively low electric-only operational range and sparse public charging station infrastructure. Range anxiety may be significantly mitigated if EV manufacturers and charging station operators work in partnership using a cooperative business model to balance EV performance and charging station coverage. This model is in contrast to a sequential decision making model where manufacturers bring new EVs to the market first and charging station operators decide on charging station deployment given EV specifications and market demand. This paper proposes an integrated decision making framework to assess profitability of a cooperative business models based on a multi-disciplinary optimization model that combines marketing, engineering, and operations. This model is demonstrated in a case study involving battery electric vehicle design and direct-current fast charging station location network in the State of Michigan. The expected benefits can motive both government and private enterprise actions.© 2014 ASME
Homology between egg white sulfhydryl oxidase and quiescin Q6 defines a new class of flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidases.

The flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase from chicken egg white catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Reduced proteins are the preferred thiol substrates of this secreted enzyme. The egg white oxidase shows an average 64% identity (from randomly distributed peptides comprising more than 30% of the protein sequence) to a human protein, Quiescin Q6, involved in growth regulation. Q6 is strongly expressed when fibroblasts enter reversible quiescence (Coppock, D. L., Cina-Poppe, D., Gilleran, S. (1998)Genomics 54, 460–468). A peptide antibody against Q6 cross-reacts with both the egg white enzyme and a flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase isolated from bovine semen. Sequence analyses show that the egg white oxidase joins human Q6, bone-derived growth factor, GEC-3 from guinea pig, and homologs found in a range of multicellular organisms as a member of a new protein family. These proteins are formed from the fusion of thioredoxin and ERV motifs. In contrast, the flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase from Aspergillus niger is related to the pyridine nucleotide-dependent disulfide oxidoreductases, and shows no detectable sequence similarity to this newly recognized protein family.
Cost Management in an Age of Prevailing Crisis

How can companies manage costs in an age of constant crisis? This is not a question that occurs to executives when times are good. But it seems very relevant lately, as we have faced one crisis after another. What's the best way to handle uncertainty? © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleotide fluctuation of radiation-resistant Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (RPA) genes

The Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein (RPA) Genes in gamma ray radiation-resistant halophilic archaeon Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 were analyzed in terms of their nucleotide fluctuations. In an ATCG sequence, each base was assigned a number equal to its atomic number. The resulting numerical sequence was the basis of the statistical analysis in this study. Fractal analysis using the Higuchi method gave fractal dimensions of 2.04 and 2.06 for the gene sequences VNG2160 and VNG2162, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequence has a fractal dimension of 1.99. The di-nucleotide Shannon entropy values were found to be negatively correlated with the observed fractal dimensions (R 2 ~ 0.992, N=3). Inclusion of Deinococcus radiodurans Rad-A in the regression analysis decreases the R 2 slightly to 0.98 (N=4). A third VNG2163 RPA gene of unknown function but with upregulation activity under irradiation was found to have a fractal dimension of 2.05 and a Shannon entropy of 3.77 bits. The above results are similar to those found in bacterial Deinococcus radiodurans and suggest that their high radiation resistance property would have favored selection of CG di-nucleotide pairs. The two transcription factors TbpD (VNG7114) and TfbA (VNG 2184) were also studied. Using VNG7114, VNG2184, and VNG2163; the regression analysis of fractal dimension versus Shannon entropy shows that R 2 ~ 0.997 for N =3. The VNG2163 unknown function may be related to the pathways with transcriptions closely regulated to sequences VNG7114 and VNG2184.
Utility of a New Assay for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (BIORAD %CDT TIA) to Monitor Abstinence During a Treatment Outcome Study

Background: The ability to reliably detect heavy alcohol use is important in both clinical and research populations. The current study evaluates the utility of the newest method of measuring carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in monitoring the abstinence during a treatment outcome study. Methods: Blood from 40 alcohol dependent individuals was obtained at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of treatment. Differences in percent of baseline GGT and %CDT levels were analyzed in people who remained abstinent throughout treatment (abstainers) and in those who consumed alcohol during treatment (drinkers). Results: There was a significant decrease in the percent of baseline %CDT levels in the subjects who abstained at week 4 and a trend at weeks 8 and 12. Conversely, there were no significant differences in percent of baseline GGT levels between drinkers and abstainers at any time point. Conclusions: Although small in nature, this study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the relatively new Biorad %CDT assay to monitor drinking status during treatment outcome studies. This study is also consistent with previously reported findings that GGT appears to be less sensitive than %CDT in detecting the consumption of alcohol. A larger trial focusing on sex differences in the utility of % CDT to monitor outcome would be of interest.
Role of Memory in the Performance-Evaluation Process: With Special Reference to Diary-Keeping

Summary.-This study examined the relationship between raters' ability to remember specific information about ratee behavior and the accuracy of their performance-evaluation ratings. 75 undergraduate subjects listened to a rape recording of a person performing either well or poorly at an interviewing task. During a second experimental session eight to nine weeks later they rated the interviewer's performance. It was predicted that the performance-, evaluation ratings of subjects who were better able to recall specific details of the interviewer's behavior would (1) better discriminate between good and poor interviewers and (2) show greater interrater agreement. The results did not support either prediction. Subjects generally gave favorable ratings to the good interviewer and unfavorable ratings to the poor interviewer and did so regardless of their ability to recall specific details of the interviewer's behavior. The implications of these results for the role of memory in the performanceevaluation process are discussed. In recent years increased attention has been given to cognitive factors that
A thin-film thermocouple for transient heat transfer measurements in ceramic-coated combustion chambers

Abstract A chromel-alumel overlapping thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) has been developed for transient heat transfer measurements in ceramic-coated combustion chambers. The TFTC was first evaluated using various metallurgical techniques, and calibrated against a standard thermocouple. Subsequently, the TFTC was tested in a diesel engine combustion chamber operating at 1900 rpm and full load. A mean temperature of 613 K with a cyclic swing of 55 K was measured for a ceramic-coated chamber surface. Calculations showed a dramatic reduction in transient heat flux into the surface with the application of the ceramic coating.
Localized level hopping transport in La(Sr)Cr O 3

High-temperature measurements have been performed on the electronically conducting oxide system ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($0l~xl~0.4$). The electrical conductivity displayed thermally activated temperature dependence between 300 and 1900 K with activation energies that varied between 0.11 and 0.19 eV. Seebeck coefficients measured over a similar temperature range showed little temperature dependence, an indication that the carrier mobility, rather than the carrier concentration, is thermally activated. The magnetic susceptibility was Curie-Weiss-like between 600 and 1100 K with an effective moment that decreased with an increase in strontium concentration. These results are shown to be consistent with transport by the adiabatic hopping of small polarons.
PREDICTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF DREISSENID MUSSELS ON A PELAGIC FOOD WEB

Abstract Although abundant in marine systems, hard substratum fouling organisms with high fecundity and large dispersal capability are rare in freshwater ecosystems. A noteworthy exception is a recent invader of North American lakes and rivers, the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Consequences of this novel ecological type in these systems are not fully understood. Using computer simulations we modelled the potential consequences of Dreissena abundance for lake planktonic community structure along a nutrient gradient, using Green Bay of Lake Michigan as an example. We constructed a model of food-web interactions that accurately reproduces abundances of phytoplankton and zooplankton along this nutrient gradient. To this model we added consumption and filtration rates of Dreissena at varying densities. Model results indicate that Dreissena have strong negative effects on large phytoplankton, with chlorophyll reduced up to 80% as compared to the same community without zebra mussels. Results also indicate that Dreissena have relatively small effects on nanoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton. Effects are qualitatively similar along the nutrient gradient, and are strongest at the most eutrophic site. The effects of zebra mussels on the abundance of small phytoplankton and zooplankton were far less than the effects of nutrient levels along the gradient. The effects of zebra mussels on the large phytoplankton, however, were in the same order of magnitude as the effects of the nutrient gradient.
Nanoscale friction-induced phase transformation of diamond-like carbon

Abstract Tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) is believed to be controlled by an interfacial transfer layer of low shear strength, formed by a friction-induced transformation of the top layer of the DLC film. Nanoscale friction, adhesion, durability and wear studies indicating such a phase transformation in DLC films are discussed.
Femtosecond laser-induced long-range self-organized periodic planar nanocracks for applications in biophotonics

With the proper choice of laser parameters focused femtosecond laser light creates long-range self-assembled planar nanocracks inside and on the surface of fused silica glass. The orientation of the crack planes is normal to the laser polarization direction and can be precisely controlled. The arrays of cracks when properly oriented and combined with chemical etching produce high aspect ratio micro- and nanofluidic channels. Direct femtosecond laser writing without any chemical etching can be used to fabricate embedded nanoporous capillaries in bulk fused silica for biofiltering and electrophoresis applications. The morphology of the porous structures critically depends on the laser polarization and pulse energy and can be used to control the transmission rates of fluids through the capillaries. Finally high aspect ratio, polarization-dependent, self-ordered periodic nanoslots can be fabricated from nanocracks produced on the surface of fused silica wafers. Control of the surface slot width from 10 to 60 nm is achieved through selective chemical etching. This technique, which may be useful for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) applications, has sub-diffraction limited resolution and features high throughput writing over centimeters.
Pulmonary type II cell lamellar body ultrastructure preserved by rapid freezing and freeze drying

Lamellar body ultrastructure was examined in cultured type II alveolar epithelial cells processed by a method of rapid freezing and freeze drying in the absence of both chemical fixation and solvent dehydration. This method of specimen preparation was chosen to optimize the retention of soluble substances within the type II cell. The use of cultured cell aggregates in which type II cells line the free surface facilitated the effectiveness of rapid freezing for the preservation of lamellar body fine structure. Lamellar bodies preserved by rapid freezing/freeze drying to optimize the in situ retention of intracellular components possess closely adherent concentric membranous lamellae. This supports the contention that the widely appreciated lamellar pattern of the pulmonary lamellar body represents the in vivo molecular organization of intracellular surfactant phospholipids. Lamellar bodies of frozen/frozen dried type II cells showed none of the often profound lipid extraction artifact produced by conventional processing. Instead they exhibited a substructure with noteworthy characteristics in common with lamellar bodies processed by resin dehydration lipid retention methods (Stratton, 1976). Importantly, the lamellae of frozen/frozen dried lamellar bodies were contiguous, with no interlamellar space, as is commonly observed in solvent-processed (extracted) specimens. The dimensions of lamellar components in frozen/frozen dried lamellar bodies were, however, different from published values for resin-dehydrated lipid-retained specimens. Lamellar width and the widths of component phospholipid head and fatty acid tail regions in frozen/frozen dried lamellar bodies were approximately 35% smaller than values reported for resin-dehydrated lamellar bodies. This difference was attributed to shrinkage of lamellar components as water was removed from the unfixed tissue during the freeze-drying process.
Update on the diagnosis and management of hypophysitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the multiple forms of hypophysitis, the various methods of classification, the recent findings in pituitary autoimmunity and novel methods of treating resistant or recurrent hypophysitis. (January 2010-December 2011). RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple novel presentations of hypophysitis have been described including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody-related hypophysitis, an adverse event associated with a novel treatment for cancer, Food and Drug Administration approved for use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. A rare, but newly described entity of immunoglobulin G4 related plasmacytic hypophysitis has been described and reviewed. Multiple investigations addressing the role of autoimmunity in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of hypophysitis have been reported with positive antipituitary antibodies found in patients with autoimmune hypophysitis, other autoimmune diseases, and nonimmune-related pituitary diseases. Several case series and case reports present new associations with concomitant diseases and novel therapy for cases requiring treatment when standard therapy fails or is contraindicated. SUMMARY: Hypophysitis is a rare disease with multiple subtypes. The description of hypophysitis related to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody treatment is one of the first descriptions of hypophysitis triggered by medication. As the use of this novel treatment for cancer increases, so must our awareness of immune-related adverse effects and their treatment. Pituitary autoimmunity is a challenging field with multiple discoveries reported to help further our understanding of the disease and assist in diagnosis. Insufficient sensitivity and specificity of the currently reported methods prevents recommending measurement of antipituitary antibodies as standard of care in the diagnosis of hypophysitis. The treatment of hypophysitis remains controversial with recommendations ranging from hormonal replacement to newly described therapies such as azathioprine and radiation.
SBIRT goes to college: Interdisciplinary screening for alcohol use

Although risky/harmful drinking, in the form of binge drinking, remains a national problem, only recently have health services in universities systematically screened for drinking, drug use, and smoking. This article recounts "lessons learned" in two nurse-directed, interdisciplinary health services, which adapted the National College Depression Partnership model to include screening and brief intervention (SBIRT) for risky/harmful alcohol use in the form of binge drinking. Using a planned change model, nurse leaders worked with university administrators, providers, and health service staff to screen all students seeking health services for risky drinking. The outcomes suggest that this process may increase staff and student awareness of the importance of alcohol consumption to health, show the ease of using SBIRT screening along with standard screening tools, and yield information on the normalization of high-risk drinking in collegiate settings. Project findings indicate that common perceptions in college students minimize negative outcomes and stress the importance of additional quality assurance initiatives that review the efficacy of combinations of standardized screening tools.
Free sets for nowhere-dense set mappings

We give some consistency results on the existence of uncountable free sets for nowhere-dense set mappings. For example, we prove that it is relatively consistent with ZFC and Martin’s Axiom that any nowhere-dense set mapping defined on the reals has an uncountable free set.
Dielectric function for a model of laser-excited GaAs

We consider a model for the ultrashort pulsed-laser excitation of GaAs in which electrons are excited from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band. The linear optical response of this excited system in the visible and near-UV is calculated by solving a statically screened Bethe-Salpeter equation. Single-particle electron energies and wave functions are taken from ab initio electronic structure calculations. The screened electron-hole interaction W is calculated with a model dielectric function which includes the excited carriers. Though band-gap renormalization is neglected, dramatic changes are observed in the shape of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ due to Pauli blocking and the enhanced screening of W. We estimate the error incurred in the static screening approximation by performing static screening calculations with the assumption that the excited carriers respond too slowly to screen W.
Glucagon treatment of muscular dystrophic mice: A lack of effect

Nachweis, dass Korpergewicht, Dystrophie und Sterblickeit bei mannlichen und weiblichen muskeldystrophischen Mausen (dy/dy) nach 100tagiger Behandlung mit Glukagon (2 oder 10 μ g pro Tag, s.c.) unverandert blieben.
The similarity of FSH-releasing factor to lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III (l-GnRH-III).

To validate further the existence of a specific hypothalamic follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor (FSHRF), stalk-median eminence (SME) fragments from sheep and whole hypothalami from male rats were purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and the gonadotropin-releasing activity on hemipituitaries of rats incubated in vitro was determined by bioassay and compared with the radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormone (I-GnRH) activities in the fractions. The FSH-releasing fractions eluted in the same sequence of tubes from the Sephadex column found earlier by in vivo bioassay and were clearly separated from the immunoassayable and bioassay-able LHRH. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) for I-GnRH recognized equally I-GnRH-I and -III but had negligible cross-reactivity with LHRH. Fractionation of rat hypothalamic extract by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 revealed three peaks of I-GnRH determined by RIA, all of which eluted prior to the peak...
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Coming of Age

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was first introduced by Alan Cribier in 2002.1 Since their introduction, the two available devices (the Cribier-Edwards aortic valve [Edwards Lifesciences] and the CoreValve [Medtronic]) have decreased in size and are more flexible, improving deliverability. It is estimated that >20 000 patients have had TAVI since it was first approved for use in Europe in 2007.2 Based on the results of the pivotal US Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNERS) trial, the Sapien valve (an improved version of the Cribier-Edwards valve) was recommended for approval by the Food and Drug Administration Circulatory Systems Devices Panel on July 20, 2011 and awaits final Food and Drug Administration approval.3 It is widely anticipated that this valve will be available for use in the United States in 2012. There are >7 new valves in development that are expected to further improve deliverability and outcomes. The growth of TAVI is not surprising, because it can be categorized as a breakthrough technology. With the aging of the population, the number of elderly patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis has grown, and a significant proportion of high-risk patients are not candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement because of age and comorbidities. Without surgery, the outcome is extremely poor in such patients.4 Currently, …
Circulating immune complexes in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

The deposition of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the glomerulus is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of many of the glomerulonephritides. In the case of lupus nephritis and type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), there is considerable evidence for this, in view of the complement profile indicating reduced levels of the first three reacting components of complement [1–4] and the granular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the glomerular capillaries [5–7]. In types II and III MPGN, however, little or no immunoglobulin is identifiable in the glomerular deposits [7–9], and the serum complement profile may indicate only alternative pathway complement activation [3, 9], suggesting that in these disorders IgG-containing immune complexes capable of activating the classical complement pathway are either absent or less abundant. Several studies of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have demonstrated the presence of CIC, and the levels have correlated with activity of the disease [10–13]. The primary glomerulonephritides are, on the other hand, associated with low and surprisingly variable levels of CIC [13–18]. The observations on the nephritides do not answer the question of whether complexes are present in all three types of MPGN, and they do not allow assessment of the pathogenicity of the complexes by correlating their levels with the clinical course. In the present study, CIC have been measured in MPGN using a solid-phase Clq radioimmunoassay modified from that proposed by Hay, Ninehan, and Roitt [19]. The availability of stored specimens of serum allowed correlation of changes in CIC levels with the clinical course and with the complement profile. To provide background for these data, we made measurements in specimens from children with lupus nephritis.
domestic economy: land, labor, and wealth in a San Blas community

This paper discusses household organization and subsistence agriculture in a Cuna community of the Comarca de San Blas, Panama. Sahlins's adaptations of models from Chayanov are commonly used to analyze the relationship between household demographic characteristics, land use, and the labor intensity of agriculture. Several technical difficulties arise in this analysis, however, and it fails explicitly to incorporate information on the social organization of the community. A multiple regression approach is offered that eliminates the technical difficulties, shows a way to incorporate additional information, and introduces a path model of the relationship between household composition, economic status, and farming strategy. [subsistence agriculture, Chayanov, San Blas Cuna, Panama, demographic change]
Diet and blood pressure in children and adolescents

Identifying dietary factors associated with blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents would help guide recommendations for prevention of elevated BP, which is a major public health problem. This paper reviews 46 reports of studies examining relationships between dietary nutrients and BP in children and adolescents, many of which studied more than one nutrient. Sodium is the most extensively studied nutrient, with 25 observational and 12 intervention studies identified. Although many studies suffer from methodological problems, the results suggest that higher sodium intake is related to higher BP in children and adolescents. The results of 13 observational and 2 intervention studies of potassium and BP do not provide a clear picture of a relationship. The results of 8 observational and 1 intervention study of calcium and BP are inconclusive. Five observational studies of magnesium and BP provide evidence of an inverse relationship, but no intervention studies were identified. Nine studies of macronutrients and food groups or dietary patterns are inconclusive. Additional research is needed to provide more information about the relationships between dietary nutrients and BP in children and adolescents. Recommendations are provided for methodological features of additional research on diet and BP in children and adolescents.
Marksmanship during Simulated Sustained Operations

The individual warfighter is often required to work for long periods of time with little or no rest until the objective is reached. This study evaluated M16 rifle marksmanship performance during a simulated 3-day (72 hours) sustained operations scenario. Soldiers were kept busy with military tasks for 21-22 hours per day, and were administered standardized tests of M16 rifle marksmanship performance before, during, and at the end of the sustained operation. Results indicated that as sustained operations proceed from 0 to 3 days (0 to 72 hours), the task of firing an M16 rifle becomes more physically demanding and the shooter has to exert more effort in order to perform the task proficiently. Accompanying this increase in subjective workload is the finding that participants are able to maintain rifle marksmanship for rapidly appearing pop-up targets (some of which are moving) but that rifle marksmanship is impaired for stationary targets.
The Effect of Swelling on the Elasticity of Polyisobutylene Networks at High Elongation

Sulfur-cured, unfilled networks of butyl rubber (essentially polyisobutylene, PIB) were swollen to varying degrees with a nonvolatile diluent. A study in elongation of their rupture points was carried out at sufficiently low temperature to permit strain-induced crystallization in the unswollen state. The stress—strain isotherms thus obtained differed somewhat from those similarly obtained for crystallizable networks of cis-1, 4-polybutadiene, in that for example the strain-induced crystallization never caused an abrupt decrease in the modulus. The marked increases in modulus which did occur at high elongations in the case of the unswollen PIB networks were found to diminish, and eventually to be suppressed entirely, with increased swelling. Both the ultimate strength and maximum extensibility decreased substantially with an increase in swelling. The fractional decreases in both quantities were much larger than for typical noncrystallizable networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane), but the ultimate strength was found to be much more sensitive to the reinforcing effect of the strain-induced crystallization.
The universe of normal and cancer cell line responses to anticancer treatment: Lessons for cancer therapy

According to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results report, 1,479,350 men and women will be diagnosed with and 562,340 will die of cancer of all sites in 2009, indicating that about 40% of the cancer patients do not respond well to current anticancer therapies. Using tumor and normal tissue cell lines as a model, we show this high mortality rate is rooted in inherent features of anticancer treatments. We obtain that, while on average anticancer treatments exhibit a two fold higher efficacy when applied to cancer cells, the response distribution of cancer and normal cells significantly overlap. Focusing on specific treatments, we provide evidence indicating that the therapeutic index is proportional to the fraction of cancer cell lines manifesting significantly good responses, and propose the latter as a quantity to identify compounds with best potential for anticancer therapy. We conclude that there is no single treatment targeting all cancer cell lines at a non-toxic dose. However, there are effective treatments for specific cancer cell lines, which, when used in a personalized manner or applied in combination, can target all cancer cell lines.
Verification of transformer voltage with finite element method

In undergraduate energy conversion classes usually available to electrical engineering students the transformer voltage equation which is derived from Faraday's law comes up in the solution of problems on magnetic circuits and transformers. This paper provides closed form solutions for the flux through unsaturated magnetic circuits of simplified geometry which undergraduate students can easily relate to. The RMS voltage induced is calculated and it is shown that the equation produces the correct voltage for a given applied peak flux but will not yield the correct peak flux when re-arranged unless the specific geometry is fully taken into consideration.
Optically-processed routing for fast packet switching

Electronic routing control of photonic switches is considered. The types of network architectures and routing strategies that the authors think are best-suited to optical processing are proposed, and a generic optical routing processor is described. Address-encoding schemes for optically controlling a photonic switching node are presented. The results of several experiments that have demonstrated optical control of a photonic switching node are reported. Potential applications of these photonic switching architectures are described. >
Depletion force from macromolecular crowding enhances mechanical stability of protein molecules

Abstract In crowded solutions the presence of many cosolutes often affects the stability of compact polymers, such as globular proteins. Important examples of crowded environments are those inside some cells, where protein stability or aggregation rates are affected by the presence of co-existing bio-macromolecules. In the present article the concept of depletion force from colloidal physics and theoretical techniques developed for polymer science have been applied to study the effects of macromolecular crowding on protein stability. A continuous three-dimensional polymer model is used to simulate the behavior of protein under the conditions of macromolecular crowding and the depletion force based on such a model is calculated. Calculated results have been compared with the measured results in our laboratory, where the enhancement of the forces required to unfold ubiquitin molecules in a solution crowded with dextran has been measured using single-molecule atomic force microscopy techniques. Comparison between the calculated results and experimental observations shows that only qualitative agreement has been reached in the sense that both show a larger force required because of crowding as a protein molecule is mechanical stretched, but the magnitude of the enhancement of the unfolding force theoretically predicted is small compared to the measured value. Possible sources of discrepancy and improvements of the model are discussed.
On the stability of a segment of polynomials

Given two stable polynomials of the same degree, we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, in the frequency domain, under which the line segment joining the two given polynomials is stable. >
Text Messaging and Connectedness Within Close Interpersonal Relationships

Research shows that text messages, short type-written messages sent via mobile telephones, are primarily being used to commence, advance, maintain, or otherwise impact interpersonal relationships. This study describes how respondents perceive and use text messages within close interpersonal dyads. Interviews with dyads resulted in three main themes. Users found texting to be more constant and private than mobile voice interaction. Respondents used texting both to assert autonomy and to maintain connectedness with relational partners. Romantic pairs vis-a-vis nonromantic dyads perceived the benefits of text messages differently.
The Abnormal Serum Lipid Pattern in Patients with Coronary Arteriosclerosis

Studies in experimental arteriosclerosis have indicated that the relative level of serum lipid phosphorus may be as significant a factor as the absolute level of serum cholesterol in the production of arterial lesions. For this reason, the serum lipid pattern of 82 patients with coronary arteriosclerosis has been compared with that of 112 healthy adults. An elevation of the serum cholesterol, serum lipid phosphorus and the serum cholesterol-lipid phosphorus molar ratio has been found in most of the patients with coronary arteriosclerosis.
Social Network Approach to Analysis of Soccer Game

Video understanding has been an active area of research, where many articles have been published on how to detect and track objects in videos, and how to analyze their trajectories. These methods, however, only provided heuristic low level information without providing a higher level understanding of global relations within the whole context. This paper presents a new way to provide such understanding using social network approach in soccer videos. Our approach considers representing interactions between the objects in the video as a social network. This network is then analyzed by detecting small communities using modularity, which relates social interaction. Additionally, we analyze the centrality of nodes which provides importance of individuals composing the network. In particular, we introduce five centralities exploiting directed and weighted social network. The partitions of the resulting social network are shown to relate to clusters of soccer players with respect to their role in the game.