cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced Lupus Associated With COL-3: Report of 3 Cases

Background Anti-angiogenesis is an exciting new approach to anticancer therapy. COL-3, a tetracycline derivative, is a novel anti-angiogenesis agent with potent preclinical anticancer activity. During the conduct of a phase 1 clinical trial for refractory metastatic cancer at the National Institutes of Health, we observed 3 individuals who developed phototoxicity followed by clinical and laboratory features of drug-induced lupus. Observations Three of 35 patients treated with COL-3 developed sunburnlike eruptions accompanied by fever and a positive antinuclear antibody titer within 8 to 29 days of starting treatment. Two of 3 had positive antihistone antibody levels and arthralgia. One patient had marked systemic manifestations including pulmonary infiltrates and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate remittent for more than 1 year after discontinuing COL-3 treatment. The other 2 patients' symptoms and rash abated within 2 weeks of discontinuing therapy although the serologic markers remained abnormal for the duration of follow-up. Conclusions COL-3 is the second tetracycline derivative to be implicated in the development of drug-induced lupus. A sunburnlike eruption immediately preceded or accompanied the systemic and serologic changes in these 3 patients. The rapid onset and the phototoxic appearance of the accompanying eruptions might suggest that damage to the keratinocytes caused the formation of neoantigens to which autoantibodies formed.
Adaptación de las ratas a bajas presiones de oxígeno

In a recent publication the author reported on the depressant effect of anoxia on the activity of the thyroid gland of rats. This thyroid depression can be interpreted as an adaptive change that would help adaptation to anoxia. H.E. Himwitch drew attention to information Barrach and others, which indicated that thyroidectomy increases the tolerance of rats to anoxia.
Heparin cofactor II deficiency.

Abstract Objectives.—To review of the state of the art relating to congenital heparin cofactor II deficiency as a potential risk factor for thrombosis, as reflected by the medical literature and the consensus opinion of recognized experts in the field, and to make recommendations for the use of laboratory assays for assessing this thrombotic risk in individual patients. Data Sources.—Review of the medical literature, primarily from the last 10 years. Data Extraction and Synthesis.—After an initial assessment of the literature, including review of clinical study design and laboratory methods, a draft manuscript was prepared and circulated to participants in the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in Thrombophilia. Recommendations were accepted if a consensus of experts attending the conference was reached. The results of the discussion were used to revise the manuscript into its final form. Conclusions.—Consensus was reached that there is insufficient evidence to recommend ...
High performance data mining - application for discovery of patterns in the global climate system

Advances in technology and high-throughput experiment techniques have resulted in the availability of large data sets in commercial enterprises and in a wide variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. Data in terabytes range are not uncommon today and are expected to reach petabytes in the near future for many application domains in science, engineering, business, bioinformatics, and medicine. This has created an unprecedented opportunity to develop automated data-driven techniques of extracting useful knowledge. Data mining, an important step in this process of knowledge discovery, consists of methods that discover interesting, non-trivial, and useful patterns hidden in the data. This talk will provide an overview of a number of data mining research in our group for understanding patterns in global climate system and computational challenges in addressing them.
Effects of Stocking Sac‐Fry and Hatchery‐Fed Fry on Production of Fingerling Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

.— Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fry are typically held under hatchery conditions for 7 to 14 d after hatching to allow feeding and growth before they are stocked into nursery ponds to produce fingerling catfish. In an attempt to reduce hatchery operating costs, several catfish fingerling producers in Louisiana presently stock fry within 2 d after hatching before yolk absorption is complete. Fry at this stage of development are commonly referred to as “sac-fry.” Although research has shown that fry can be stocked at the onset of yolk absorption with no detrimental effects on subsequent fingerling production, stocking sac-fry has been reported to result in reduced fingerling survival. To further investigate this topic, production trials were conducted in experimental outdoor pools over the course of two growing seasons to evaluate the effect of stocking fry of three different ages (2-, 7-, and 14-d post-hatch, DPH) on survival, growth (weight and length), condition factor (K), yield, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fingerling catfish. Results from both trials indicated that the age at which fry were stocked had no effect on production characteristics with the exception of growth. Specifically, fingerlings reared from fry stocked at 2 and 7 DPH were significantly larger than fingerlings reared from fry stocked at an age of 14 DPH. These findings suggest that the practice of stocking sac-fry may be a suitable alternative to the traditional procedure of holding and feeding fry under hatchery conditions prior to stocking. However, in order to fully evaluate the effects of early-age stocking of catfish fry on fingerling production, additional studies must be conducted under pond conditions. Furthermore, these studies must be coupled with a rigorous economic analysis before the practice of stocking sac-fry can be recommended to the catfish industry.
Two‐Lobed Advancement Flap for Cutaneous Helical Rim Defects

Background. Bilobed flaps, transposition repairs used primarily on the nose, recruit tissue from an area of laxity via rotational motion. A variant of the bilobe, the two-lobed flap based on the W-plasty, is a transposition flap that shifts tissue predominantly via advancement. Objective. To apply the two-lobed advancement flap to the problem of reconstructing cutaneous helical rim defects of the ear. Methods. Helical two-lobed advancement flaps were designed and implemented to correct small- to medium-sized defects. Results. The ear helix was successfully repaired with two-lobed advancement flaps. There was minimal distortion of the ear architecture or cartilage, and blood supply was sufficient to ensure flap viability. Conclusions. In selected cases, cutaneous helical rim defects of the ear can be aesthetically repaired with a two-lobed advancement flap derived from the posterior auricular surface.
Comments on the Synergism Between the Analytic Planetary Boundary-Layer Model and Remote Sensing Data

This paper is adapted from a presentation at the session of the European Geophysical Society meeting in 2002 honouring Joost Businger. It documents the interaction of the non-linear planetary boundary-layer (PBL) model (UW-PBL) and satellite remote sensing of marine surface winds from verification and calibration studies for the sensor model function to the current state of verification of the model by satellite data. It is also a personal history where Joost Businger had seminal input to this research at several critical junctures. The first scatterometer in space was on SeaSat in 1978, while currently in orbit there are the QuikSCAT and ERS-2 scatterometers and the WindSat radiometer. The volume and detail of data from the scatterometers during the past decade are unprecedented, though the value of these data depends on a careful interpretation of the PBL dynamics. The model functions (algorithms) that relate surface wind to sensor signal have evolved from straight empirical correlation with simple surface-layer 10-m winds to satellite sensor model functions for surface pressure fields. A surface stress model function is also available. The validation data for the satellite model functions depended crucially on the PBL solution. The non-linear solution for the flow of fluid in the boundary layer of a rotating coordinate system was completed in 1969. The implications for traditional ways of measuring and modelling the PBL were huge and continue to this day. Unfortunately, this solution replaced an elegant one by Ekman with a stability/finite perturbation equilibrium solution. Consequently, there has been great reluctance to accept this solution. The verification of model predictions has been obtained from the satellite data.
Electrolyte concentration dependence of diffusiophoresis in liquids

Abstract The electrolyte concentration dependence of diffusiophoresis in liquids is studied in a diaphragm cell. A comparison is made between diffusiophoretic diffusivities calculated by ignoring the explicit concentration dependence and assuming the calculated values to be constant at average conditions and those calculated including the explicit electrolyte concentration dependence. The latter results are obtained from a mathematical solution involving Picard iterations. Results suggest that if the ratio between the endpoints of the range of electrolyte concentrations present is less than two, that the electrolyte concentration dependence is not very important. Further results suggest that the agreement between experiment and theory is best at electrolyte concentrations above 10 −3 M , in agreement with the infinitely thin double layer and low surface potential assumptions assumed in deriving the theory.
A nonoscillatory, characteristically convected, finite volume scheme for multidimensional convection problems

A new, nonoscillatory upwind scheme is developed for the multidimensional convection equation. The scheme consists of an upwind, nonoscillatory interpolation of data to the surfaces of an intermediate finite volume; a characteristic convection of surface data to a midpoint time level; and a conservative time integration based on the midpoint rule. This procedure results in a convection scheme capable of resolving discontinuities neither aligned with, nor convected along, grid lines.
Forces acting during air and ground transport on patients stabilized by standard immobilization techniques

Objective: Transportation, whether by air or ground, exposes the injured patient to mechanical shocks and vibrations. These forces and their hazardous potential remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify, characterize, and compare the forces generated during patient transport in helicopter and ground ambulances. Methods: Forces generated during transport were measured using an instrumented, low mass triaxial accelerometer fixed to a standard backboard. Measurements were recorded in three axes with an adult subject immobilized on the board during experimental ambulance and helicopter trials. Acceleration waveforms were analyzed in each mode of transport. Results: Forces for both ground and air transport ranged 0.07g to 0.19g root mean square, and 0.32g to 0.83g mean peak. The vibrational forces in the helicopter were fairly discrete, located at 6.6, 19.5, and 39 Hz, and axis dependent. Ground ambulance vibrations were more diffuse, occurring below 1 Hz and between 10 and 15 Hz. Crest factor analysis shows that shocks were more uniform in the helicopter than on the ground, especially in the anterior-posterior axis. Conclusion: These data suggest that transportation by helicopter subjects supine patients to greater lateral and vertical forces, but smaller head to toe forces, than ground transportation ( P
Soluble CD40 ligand as a predictor of coronary artery disease and long-term clinical outcomes in stable patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Background: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. We evaluated
Global change. Matter of time on the prairie.

In some ecosystems at least, extrapolating from the short-term effects of global warming will give a misleading impression of the reaction over longer periods of time.
Serratus anterior disruption: a complication of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Pathology influencing the serratus anterior muscle contributes to classical medial winging of the scapula. Serratus anterior weakness or injury interferes with regular shoulder movement as this muscle stabilizes the medial border of the scapula against the thorax and rotates the scapula upward and laterally with arm elevation. Traumatic injury to the serratus anterior muscle without electrodiagnostic evidence of neurogenic involvement has only been reported once previously. We report an unusual case of disruption of the serratus anterior as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Involvement of the long thoracic nerve was ruled out by electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The injury occurred during routine activities of daily living and was complicated by a recurring subscapular hematoma. Contributing factors of shoulder joint contractures and coagulation abnormalities were associated with the course and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Initial treatment was by joint immobilization and reversal of coagulation abnormalities. Later treatment was directed toward joint protection and gradually increasing range of motion exercises.
Cellular Strategies in Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis

Two strategies by which mononuclear phagocytes restrict and localize their microbicidal capacities are reviewed. The first concerns the ability of macrophages to seal off a closed compartment between themselves and opsonized targets. This compartment may be used to contain, concentrate, and protect toxic substances secreted by the phagocyte. The second concerns the ability of macrophages to regulate the phagocytosis-promoting capacity of their C3 receptors. C3 receptors are maintained in an inactive state, but they can be readily activated at sites of infection in such a way that they promote vigorous phagocytosis.
Proteomics of nipple aspirate fluid, breast cyst fluid, milk, and colostrum

Proteomic analysis of breast fluids has wide-ranging clinical applications. Protein expression in nipple aspirate fluid and breast cyst fluid may prove valuable for the detection and monitoring of breast cancer, but has been hampered by the lack of a single marker with sufficient breast cancer sensitivity and specificity to be clinically useful. The assessment of multiple proteins may offer a more powerful cancer detection tool. Breast cancer is particularly difficult to detect in women who are lactating. The identification of cancer predicting proteins in milk may prove very helpful in an early cancer detection in this group of women. A better understanding of the protein composition of milk and colostrum should improve infant care and nutrition, and lead to alternatives for individuals with milk allergies.
Prisons and Public Health: Emerging Issues in HIV Treatment Adherence

Correctional facilities in the United States are faced with challenges in providing appropriate and timely HIV treatment to incarcerated HIV-infected inmates. Prison and jails, due to their structure, operation, and staff, may present many barriers to HIV treatment and adherence to complicated and expensive HIV treatment regimens. Changes and modifications of prison health care delivery are required to accommodate the needs of HIV-infected inmates. Approaches to improving correctional HIV care and treatment include training health care personnel, prevention education for inmates, increasing access to voluntary HIV testing, comprehensive treatment planning, and continuity of care. Policy changes for correctional systems include adopting current HIV care standards and immediate evaluation for and access to HIV treatment upon entry into the institution. These changes can have a significant impact on the quality of care for inmates, ultimately improving their quality of life and reducing the morbidity and mortality of HIV disease for incarcerated populations.
Coupled Hair Cells in the Bullfrog Sacculus

Auditory and vestibular organs have remarkable sensitivities which exceed those of a single cell. We are investigating whether this can be explained by the synchronized response of many coupled hair cells. Using a high-speed (10,000 fps) CMOS camera, we are able to record the simultaneous motion of multiple hair bundles in the bullfrog sacculus in an in vitro preparation with the otolithic membrane left intact. We have measured the amplitude decay, phase locking, and correlations between hair cells under localized mechanical stimuli. The space constant for the amplitude decay has been found to lie in the range of a few hundred microns. Other experiments on this preparation will be discussed.
Management of foreign objects in the alimentary tract.

Summary Swallowed foreign objects are acommon pediatric complaint. Most will pass without difficulty if time is allowed. A few objects, such as bobby pins and long straight pins, may become stuck at the stomach outlet, at the ligament of Treitz, or occasionally lower in the small bowel. A magnet on a string or catheter isa simple and satisfactory method of removing magnetic foreign bodies from the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum.
A modular structure for implementation of linearly constrained minimum variance beamformers

A description is given of a cascade decomposition of the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) implementation for linearly constrained minimum variance beamformers. The GSC is initially separated into an adaptive interference cancellation module followed by a nonadaptive beamformer. The authors prove that the adaptive interference cancellation module can be decomposed into a cascade of first (or higher) order adaptive interference cancellation modules, where the order corresponds to the number of adaptive degrees of freedom represented in the module. This distributes the computational burden associated with determining the adaptive weights over several lower order problems and facilitates simultaneous implementation of beamformers with differing numbers of adaptive degrees of freedom. >
Structural and functional division into two domains of the large (100- to 115-kDa) chains of the clathrin-associated protein complex AP-2

The clathrin-associated protein complex 2 (AP-2 complex) is a group of proteins associated with clathrin-coated vesicles and believed to interact with cytoplasmic domains of receptors found in the plasma membrane. AP-2 was purified as an assembly of several polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, AP50, and AP17), of which only the alpha and beta chains (100-115 kDa) show significant heterogeneity. We have obtained cDNA clones for two distinct rat brain beta chains. We have also studied the domain organization of bovine brain AP-2 complexes by selective proteolysis. Results of these studies show that the alpha and beta chains have a similar two-domain organization. Their amino-terminal domains are relatively invariant whereas their carboxyl-terminal domains are variable in both sequence and length. We propose that the variable domains select receptors for inclusion in coated vesicles.
Relative stabilities of nitrenium ions derived from heterocyclic amine food carcinogens: relationship to mutagenicity.

The bacterial mutagenicities of a wide variety of complex heteroaromatic amine mutagens and carcinogens present in cooked foods are approximately related to the stabilities of the corresponding nitrenium ions through equations of the kind: log(m) = aΔΔH + b. The stabilities of the nitrenium ions (ΔΔH) were computed using the semiempirical AM1 molecular orbital procedure. Parallel calculations of the energies, charge distributions and geometries of simple model compounds provides a qualitative framework within which the stabilities of the nitrenium ions derived from the food carcinogens can be easily understood.
Fine structure of tarsal sensilla in the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.).

Selected tarsal bristles of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. All sensilla are multi-innervated and have thick cuticular walls containing either an elaborate pore canal system or a single slit opening at the tip. These sensilla, often equipped with two mechanoreceptive dendrites attached to the bristle base, apparently serve a dual function: mechano- and chemoreception. The fine structure of each sensillum is similar to that of other arthropod setae except for the ciliary region of the dendrite. Instead of the common 9 double-tubules, the tick sensilla usually have 11 (“11+0”). Compared to insect or spider tarsal bristles, tick setae are less abundant but more complex in structure and of greater variety.
Gradation Effects Influencing Mechanical Properties of Aggregate Base-Granular Subbase Materials in Minnesota

Aggregate gradation effects on strength and modulus characteristics of aggregate base-granular subbase materials used in Minnesota are described. The importance of specifying proper aggregate grading or particle size distribution has long been recognized for achieving satisfactory performance in pavement applications. In the construction of densegraded unbound aggregate base-subbase layers, well-graded gradation bands were often established years ago on the basis of the experience of the state transportation agency and may not have a direct link to mechanical performance. To improve specifications for superior performance targeted in the mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis and design framework, there is a need to understand how differences in aggregate gradations may affect unbound aggregate base-subbase behavior for site-specific design conditions. Aggregates with different gradations and material properties were compiled in a statewide database established from a variety of sources in Minnesota. Ana...
Secondary malignancies in benign cystic teratomas.

Abstract Seventeen cases of secondary malignancy arising in benign cystic teratomas are described. All 17 cases contained elements of the preexisting benign cystic teratoma. Thirteen contained invasive squamous cell carcinoma alone. In situ squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 1 case. Three cases displayed invasive squamous cell carcinoma plus a mixed mesodermal tumor, a carcinoid in struma ovarii in thyroid tissue, and a follicular adenoma in thyroid tissue, respectively. These neoplasms occurred in women in the fifth decade of life and treatment in most cases was a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Survival was dependent upon clinical stage at the time of diagnosis and therapy.
The Matrix 1 Protein of Influenza A Virus Inhibits the Transcriptase Activity of a Model Influenza Reporter Genomein Vivo

The M1 protein of influenza virus inhibits thein vitrotranscriptase activity of ribonucleoprotein cores from virions. This inhibitory activity is thought to be relevantin vivobecause accumulation of M1 at the late stages of viral replication may be the cue to halt viral mRNA production. A model influenza reporter genome was used to explore the effect of M1 on the activity of the influenza virus transcriptase complex within cultured cells. Expression of M1 in cells bearing the model influenza virus reporter genome was accompanied by a reduction of CAT gene expression to 12% of control levels. Quantification of RNA by ribonuclease protection assay revealed that the influenza reporter genome mRNA levels in M1-expressing cells were reduced by ∼74% compared with those of cells expressing a control protein. These findings are consistent with the proposed model in which M1 is responsible for limiting viral transcription during late stages of infection. By expressing truncated forms of M1, the inhibitory activity was found to reside within the amino-terminal half of the M1 protein. Two independent inhibitory domains were identified in this region: one between amino acid residues 1–90 and the other spanning residues 91–127.
Extensive superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis in Graves' disease: case report and mini-review of the literature

Background: Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is characterized as an inflammation of the superior bulbar conjunctiva with predominant involvement of the superior limbus and adjacent epithelial keratitis. Methods: A 51-year-old woman, with a history of medically controlled Graves’ disease was seen with an extensive SLK involving 5 mm of the superior cornea. Results: Total remission was observed with topical steroids (DXM). Recurrence was observed 1 week after steroid discontinuation, and steroidal treatment was reintroduced with tapering over 1 month. Total remission was then observed for 1 year. Conclusion: Extensive keratitis and vascular pannus in SLK is rarely reported. This form could be treated with topical steroids. Tapering treatment remains essential for long-term success.
Three-loop charge renormalization effects due to quartic scalar self-interactions

Dimensionally regularized dispersion theory is used to compute the $O({\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{3}{g}^{3}{f}^{2})$ contribution to the charge renormalization function ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{g}$, where $g$ is a gauge field coupling and $f$ is a quartic (pseudo) scalar selfcoupling. Some motivations for and systematics of the calculation are discussed. Special attention is given to an $N=4$ globally supersymmetric gauge theory.
Managing Student Culture and Culture Shock: A Case from European Tirol

Since 1987, the University of New Orleans (UNO) has sponsored an Anthropology Field School or structured cultural immersion experience during June at Brunnenburg Castle in northern Italy. Brunnenburg Castle is a unique setting for student study: It is an actively producing fruit farm, vineyard, and winery; a major ethnographic museum; the home of the family of poet Ezra Pound; and a part of the historic castle-village complex that includes Schloss (castle) Tirol and Dorf (village) Tirol. The primary language is German, and the cultural life resonates to the ethnic accords between Italian and German speakers. The region, formerly a part of Austria and the Hapsburg Empire, has a very long and complicated history within a striking Alpine ecology and environment. Tirol is one of the most heavily traveled culture areas in the world. Students live in, work in, and adjust to this multilayered arena. I have written elsewhere about the European culture area of Tirol.' This reflection essay centers on taking students into this cultural setting for an immersion experience. The Brunnenburg program grew out of the UNO summer school in Innsbruck, Austria. Our program there lasts six weeks and has 250 U.S. students, faculty, and staff. I first taught in the Innsbruck program in 1979 and 1981 and then served as director in 1984 and 1991. In 1987 the university asked me to design a program that fit into this unique setting and met the university's goals in international education.
Mechanisms activating proteolysis to cause muscle atrophy in catabolic conditions.

Abstract The daily turnover of cellular proteins is the same as the amount of protein contained in 1 to 1.5 kg of muscle. Consequently, even a small but persistent increase in protein degradation or decrease in protein synthesis results in substantial loss of muscle mass, as shown in patients with trauma, sepsis, or kidney failure. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic system in muscle is the major pathway contributing to loss of muscle mass in catabolic illnesses. At least 3 signals have been identified as causing loss of muscle mass: acidosis, defective insulin action, and glucocorticoids. The influence of inflammatory cytokines on this system in muscle is more complicated because cytokines can suppress the system unless glucocorticoids are present. An initial reaction that breaks down muscle appears to involve caspases. Such information could lead to therapies that successfully prevent the loss of muscle mass in catabolic illnesses. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Diastereoselective [2,3] Wittig rearrangement of carbohydrate-derived tertiary allylic ethers. 1. Synthesis of the C11-C18 subunit of herbimycin a from D-glucose.

Abstract Reductive fragmentation of the D -glucose derived iodopyranose 7 and diastereoselective [2,3] Wittig rearrangement of the resulting tertiary allylic ether affords trisubstituted olefin 19 , comprising the C 11 -C 18 segment of the benzoquinoid ansamycin herbimycin A.
Clinical Experience of Auditory Brainstem Response Testing on Pediatric Patients in the Operating Room

Objectives. To review our experience of conducting auditory brainstem response (ABR) test on children in the operating room and discuss the benefits versus limitations of this practice. Methods. Retrospective review study conducted in a pediatric tertiary care facility. A total of 267 patients identified with usable data, including ABR results, medical and surgical notes, and follow-up evaluation. Results. Hearing status successfully determined in all patients based on the ABR results form the operating room. The degrees and the types of hearing loss also documented in most of the cases. In addition, multiple factors that may affect the outcomes of ABR in the operating room identified. Conclusions. Hearing loss in children with complicated medical issues can be accurately evaluated via ABR testing in the operating room. Efforts should be made to eliminate adverse factors to ABR recording, and caution should be taken when interpreting ABR results from the operating room.
Adaptive Aft Signature Shaping of a Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft Using Off-Body Pressures

The design and optimization of a low-boom supersonic aircraft using the state-of-the- art o -body aerodynamics and sonic boom analysis has long been a challenging problem. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate an e ective geometry parameterization scheme and a numerical optimization approach for the aft shaping of a low-boom supersonic aircraft using o -body pressure calculations. A gradient-based numerical optimization algorithm that models the objective and constraints as response surface equations is used to drive the aft ground signature toward a ramp shape. The design objective is the minimization of the variation between the ground signature and the target signature subject to several geometric and signature constraints. The target signature is computed by using a least-squares regression of the aft portion of the ground signature. The parameterization and the deformation of the geometry is performed with a NASA in- house shaping tool. The optimization algorithm uses the shaping tool to drive the geometric deformation of a horizontal tail with a parameterization scheme that consists of seven camber design variables and an additional design variable that describes the spanwise location of the midspan section. The demonstration cases show that numerical optimization using the state-of-the-art o -body aerodynamic calculations is not only feasible and repeatable but also allows the exploration of complex design spaces for which a knowledge-based design method becomes less effective.
Patterns, Factors, and Pathways Contributing to Nutritional Risk Among Rural African American Elders

In the United States, the increasing life expectancy and burgeoning older population have raised concerns about the adequate provision of health care for chronic medical conditions. One fundamental factor in the prevention and management of medical conditions is optimal dietary intake, which is notably lacking among older adults. Most researchers investigating factors associated with suboptimal diets limit their studies to developing nutritional risk profiles, and many conclude by advocating patient education. Using telephone surveys and in-depth interviews, this article identifies particularly vulnerable elders and explores the contextual and experiential pathways that place individuals at nutritional risk. Surveys of African American and white elders indicate that rural African American elders are disproportionately at risk of inadequate nutrition. In-depth interviews revealed four pathways to nutritional risk, including transitions in the social and physical significance of food, inaccessibility of res...
Incidence of plasmid-linked antibiotic-heavy metal resistant enterics in water-sediment from agricultural and harbor sites

This study assesses the impact of antibiotics used in clinical and veterinary practices, on the incidence of antibiotic- heavy metal resistant enterics in fresh water and sediment from agricultural and harbor sample sites. A total of 848 bacterial strains of the familyEnterobacteriaceae was isolated from agricultural and lake harbor samples and identified to genus level. These were examined for antibiotic-heavy metal resistance. A select smaller number of these isolates were also examined for the presence of plasmids and ability to transfer antibiotic resistance via conjugation or transformation. More than 85 % of the 848 isolates from all four sites were resistant to Ph, Zn, and Co while 5.6% to 16% were resistant to Te and 2.4% to 5.7% to Hg. The ranking of metal resistance according to frequency was the same as the frequency of metal occurrence in sediment samples. Of the total isolates tested, 87% were resistant to six or more antibiotics and 74% were also simultaneously resistant to Co, Zn, and Ph. Testing the resistance of the water isolates to antibiotics used solely in animal husbandry-veterinary medicine indicated that 55.6% of the agricultural isolates possessed resistance to these antibiotics while only 31.9% of the isolates from harbor water showed resistance to the same antibiotics. Of 41 ampicillin resistant isolates examined, 16 (39%)were capable of transferring antibiotic-heavy resistance markers via conjugation. From this same group, plasmid DNA preparations were made. Of these latter preparations, 67% transformed recipientE. coli cells while 58% possessed discernible, often multiple plasmids when examined by gel electrophoresis.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

The use of thrombolytic therapy to treat AMI has reawakened interest in thrombolysis for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We have investigated the use of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) in patients with acute PE. In an open label study, rtPA achieved more than 90% efficacy and safety. In a trial comparing rtPA with an FDA-approved dose of urokinase (UK), rtPA appeared more rapid and safer. We are now conducting a comparative trial of rtPA with a novel dosing regimen of UK. In addition, a concurrent trial is comparing rtPA vs heparin for improvement in right ventricular function, assessed by echocardiography, among PE patients. However, the greatest challenge in PE research is to undertake a large-scale trial that compares thrombolysis and heparin for reduction of clinically relevant end points such as mortality and recurrent PE.
Multistage two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as a compact cold atom beam source

A compact cold atom beam source based on a multistage two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT) has been demonstrated and characterized. The multiple-stage design greatly reduces the overall size of the source apparatus while providing a high flux of atoms. The cold atom beam was used to load a separate MOT in ultrahigh vacuum, and we obtained an actual trap loading rate of 1.5 x 109 atoms/s while using only 20 mW of total laser power for the source. The entire source apparatus, including optics, can fit into a 4 cm x 4 cm x 13 cm volume.
Public Concern as Spectacle: The Problematic Decision of Snyder v. Phelps

(2012). Public Concern as Spectacle: The Problematic Decision of Snyder v. Phelps. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 11-14.
Implementing cartesian genetic programming classifiers on graphics processing units using GPU.NET

This paper investigates the use of a new Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) programming tool called 'GPU.NET' for implementing a Genetic Programming fitness evaluator. We find that the tool is able to help write software that accelerates fitness evaluation. For the first time, Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) was used with a GPU-based interpreter. With its code reuse and compact representation, implementing CGP efficiently on the GPU required several innovations. Further, we tested the system on a very large data set, and showed that CGP is also suitable for use as a classifier.
A new approach for rescaling land cover data

The resolution of satellite imagery must often be increased or decreased to fill data gaps or match preexisting project requirements. It is well known that a change in resolution introduces systematic errors of size, shape, location and amount of contiguous land cover types. Nevertheless, robust methods for rescaling landscape data are frequently required to assess patterns of landscape change through time and over large areas. We developed a new method for rescaling spatial data that allows map resolution (grain size) to be either increased or decreased while holding the total proportion of land cover types constant. The method uses a weighted sampling net of variable resolution to sample an existing map and then randomly selects from the frequency of cover types derived from this sample to assign the cover type for the corresponding location in the rescaled map. The properties of the sampling net had a variable effect on measures of landscape pattern with the characteristic patch size (S) the most robust metric and the number of clusters (A) the most variable. A comparison of up-scaled and down-scaled maps showed that this process is not symmetrical, producing different errors for increases versus decreases in grain size. Rescaling Landsat (30 m) imagery to the 10 m resolution of SPOT imagery for four National Park units within Maryland and Virginia resulted in errors due to rescaling that were small (1–2%) relative to the total error (∼11%) associated with these images. The new rescaling method is general because it provides a single method for increasing or decreasing resolution, can be applied to maps with multiple land cover types, allows grid geometry to be transformed (i.e., square to hexagonal grids), and provide a more consistent basis for landscape comparisons when maps must be derived from multiple sources of classified imagery.
Identifying Hypnotic Sequelae: The Problem of Attribution

A case of apparent hypnotic sequelae occurring in a non-clinical research context (involving a college student) is reported. Following his participation in a group session in which a standard hypnotic susceptibility scale was administered, 19 year-old Michael reported a number of reactions common to the hypnotic sequelae literature including dizziness, a mild headache, trembling, and slight nausea. An interview with Michael revealed several alternative sources of his reaction, highlighting the ever-present problem of attribution.
Variations in Strictness and Religious Commitment Within and Among Five Denominations

Iannaccone (1994) claims that members of churches with strict rules (e.g., no smoking or drinking) have higher average commitment because strict rules discourage involvement by less committed potential members. Most previous studies of Iannaccone’s assertions have studied congregations within a single denomination, and these studies have found little support for his claims. However, Iannaccone (1996) has responded that strictness is primarily a characteristic of denominations that varies little within a single denomination. If true, multidenominational studies are needed to detect the potential effects of strictness. Using data from a five-denomination, 625-congregation study, we find that within each denomination, strictness is not significantly related to measures of commitment. However, we also find, as Iannaccone claims, that most of the variation in strictness occurs between, rather than within, denominations. Thus, when we examine data from all five denominations, we find that strictness is strongly correlated with several important measures of member commitment levels.
Effectiveness of Emergency Response Planning for Sudden Cardiac Arrest in United States High Schools With Automated External Defibrillators

Background— US high schools are increasingly adopting automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for use in campus settings. We analyzed the effectiveness of emergency response planning for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in a large cohort of US high schools that had onsite AED programs. Methods and Results— A cohort of US high schools with at least 1 onsite AED was identified from the National Registry for AED Use in Sports. A school representative completed a comprehensive survey on emergency planning and provided details of any SCA incident occurring within 6 months of survey completion. Surveys were completed between December 2006 and July 2007. In total, 1710 high schools with an onsite AED program were studied. Although 83% (1428 of 1710) of schools have an established emergency response plan for SCA, only 40% practice and review the plan at least annually with potential school responders. A case of SCA was reported by 36 of 1710 schools (2.1%). The 36 SCA victims included 14 high school student athletes ...
Patrimonialism (neo) and the Kingdom of Swaziland: employing a case study to rescale a concept

There is a growing recognition that the concept neopatrimonialism is deeply flawed. An emergent critical literature is highlighting its conceptual expansiveness and drift. Many authors within this literature are calling for the concept to be jettisoned altogether. This article, illustrating its central contentions with a case study of patrimonialism in the Kingdom of Swaziland, joins the chorus of critiques against the concept. Instead of entirely dismissing the concept however, argues that it should be rescaled back to Weber's core idea of legitimate domination and that the appended ‘neo’ should be dropped. Moreover, since it is a thin concept, it has little analytical leverage on its own and needs to be grounded in robust theoretical frameworks.
Humoral and lung immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a primate model of protection.

Recently we reported (Mehra et al., 2013), that lung granulomas from Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated cynomolgus macaques exhibit upon challenge with M. tuberculosis a more balanced expression of α- and β-chemokines, relative to comparable samples from sham-vaccinated animals by comparative transcriptomics. Here, we studied the recruitment of immune cells to blood and lungs in M. tuberculosis-infected macaques as a function of prior BCG-vaccination. Vaccination initially enhanced the levels of both macrophages and lymphocytes in blood. In contrast, significantly more CD4+ lymphocytes were later recruited to the lungs of sham-vaccinated animals compared with earlier times/BCG vaccinated animals. BCG-vaccination had a short-lived impact on the anti-M. tuberculosis response. M. tuberculosis continued to replicate in the lung even in the wake of increased CD4+ T cell recruitment to primate lungs, indicating that immune subversive mechanisms are key to its survival in vivo.
Swedish Contributions to American Archaeology: A Note

Christer Lindberg, of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Lund, Sweden, has completed a fairly extensive doctoral dissertation (published version 548 pages) on 'the contributions of Baron Nils Erland Rebert Nordenskiold (1877-1932) to American archaeology and ethnology. Lindberg's research interest appears to be in the history of our discipline, as seen in the four publications listed below, covering Carl V. Rartman, Rafael Karsten, Erland Nordenskiold, and Hjalmar Stolpe. Erland Nordenskiold's cousin, Gustaf, is well known to many for his archaeological work in the American Southwest.
Observation of avalanche-like behavior in Tm3+ : Y2O3

Abstract Avalanche-like up-conversion is observed in 2% Tm 3+ : Y 2 O 3 crystal fibers at a temperature of 12 K. Two cross-relaxation mechanisms are used to model the dramatic population increase of the metastable level that is central to the up-conversion process. Both transient and steady-state data agree well with the predictions of this model.
Do we really teach abstraction

Abstraction is one of the cornerstones of software development and is recognized as a fundamental and essential principle to be taught as early as CS1/CS2. Abstraction supposedly can enhance students' ability to reason and think. Yet we often hear complaints about the inability of CS undergraduates to do that. Do we supply students with the tools they need to reach their potential to think carefully and to reason rigorously about software behavior? Typically we do not, but as educators there are techniques we can use to help our students develop such skills starting in CS1/CS2.
Acute urinary retention in an infant: an unusual presentation of a paraureteral diverticulum

We present a case of a male infant with no previous urological symptoms who presented in acute urinary retention caused by compression of the posterior urethra by a paraureteral diverticulum. We discuss the etiology, evaluation and management of bladder outlet obstruction secondary to a paraureteral diverticulum in children.
Methodology for submicron device model development

Two-dimensional (2-D) device analysis is coupled into a new model development environment. An improved set of 2-D analytical boundary conditions for submicron MOS technology is developed through using exact information from numerical simulations. In addition to the accurate modeling of 2-D potential boundary conditions, the model provides a framework for further enhancements in the context of technology evolution. Specifically, the methodology is general and can be extended to a variety of technologically complex submicron structures, for example, source/drain tip implants (LDD-type devices) and a variety of other blanket and locally implanted structures. >
Skepticism, Deflation, And the Rediscovery of the Self

Because the connection between our internal experiential states and their external causes is contingent, we can imagine keeping the former fixed while letting the latter vary. (The interface is simply the boundary between what is internal and what is external to the subject.) Thus we could have the same internal states, even though the external states were radically different and, indeed, even if the external states did not exist. Since the connection is causal, an inference from the internal to the external cannot be justified on conceptual grounds. And any non-concep
Blank reactor corrections in studies of the oxidative dehydrogenation of methane

Abstract Measurements have been made on the activity and selectivity of both magnesium oxide and lithium-doped magnesium oxide catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of methane and have been compared with thermal (homogeneous) reactions in the same reactor. In addition to the use of methane, oxygen, and helium as the feed, methane and air mixtures have been used. Detailed experiments with our particular empty reactor, and residence time, showed that significant quantities of ethane and ethylene were formed at operating temperatures in the absence of a catalyst. Furthermore, under the same conditions large quantities of carbon monoxide were formed in our empty reactor; the carbon monoxide was found to be converted readily to carbon dioxide in the presence of either pure magnesium oxide or lithium-doped magnesium oxide.
The importance in fishery management of leaving the big ones

Research by Berkeley et al. and by Bobko and Berkeley has recently demonstrated that older individuals of some fish species produce larvae that have substantially better survival potential than do larvae from younger fishes. These new findings augment established knowledge that larger individuals usually have exponentially greater fecundity. This is important because commercial fisheries and especially recreational fishing often target the larger fish. The protection of larger or older individuals is necessary for the sustainability of species currently exploited by humans.