cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of reversible versus permanent tubal sterilization: an analysis of preliminary data.

Data regarding the acceptability of reversible versus permanent tubal ligation were randomly collected from 147 ever-married, obstetrics-gynecology patients of reproductive age during a pilot study in 1977. Subjects were potential candidates for sterilization in that none was medically or contraceptively sterile, nor married to a vasectomized male. The research questionnaire designed for this study elicited basic sociodemographic data and attitudinal information with respect to both permanent and hypothetically reversible tubal ligation. Responses toward both procedures were compared and analyzed for statistically significant differences. Results indicate that approval of, serious interest in, intention eventually to undergo, and immediate demand for tubal ligation would be increased by 30%, 85%, 171%, and 92%, respectively, if reversible procedures were available. All increases were statistically significant at P
Comment on “Math at home adds up to achievement in school”

Berkowitz et al. (Reports, 9 October 2015, p. 196) described a randomized field experiment testing whether a math app designed to increase parent-child interaction could also bring academic benefits. A reanalysis of the data suggests that this well-designed trial failed to find strong evidence for the efficacy of the intervention. In particular, there was no significant effect of the intervention on math performance.
Overcoming barriers to scholarly activity in a clinical practice setting.

Scholarly activity is an essential component of any clinician’s professional advancement and is especially important to full-time clinical faculty members seeking promotions and career advancement.[1][1] Among other benefits, scholarly activity facilitates quality improvement, the sharing of
Initial Stages of Molecular Beam Epitaxical Growth of Highly Strained Inxga1-XAs on Gaas (100)

We have studied the initial stages of highly mismatched InxGa1-x As growth on GaAs (100) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We find direct evidence of (i) deformation in the substrate below each island to depths of about 150 A and (ii) strain relief in the islands at their lateral edges. Growth morphology as a function of growth temperature is studied and it is found that the tendency for islanding for x as high as 0.5 can be supressed to a large extent by a reduction in the growth temperature. We also present results of correlation between TEM determined different growth morphologies (brought about by different growth temperatures ) and the electrical characteristics of AlAs/InxGa1-xAs resonant tunneling diode structures grown on GaAs (100).
Research on Extended Application of Meteorological Satellite Receiving Station

The information of remote sensing satellite can be widely used in every field of national economy. First,the confinement of existing communication capability for remote sensing satellite data distribution is expounded. Then,the current resource and qualification of typical continental and ship-borne meteorological satellite receiving station are deeply analyzed,and an assumption of receiving remote sensing satellite signal in high elevation angle by using abundant meteorological satellite receiving stations is presented. Finally, the feasibility of this assumption is theoretically demonstrated and the reconstruction design of existing receiving processing system of these stations is implemented in order to extend the application of these stations and deepen the information application of remote sensing satellite.
Creation of Ceramic Art Works with Overlapped Glazes and Overglaze Decoration

In this paper,ceramics with overlapped glazes and overglaze decorations were proposed as an independent genre.It summarized some ways to balance the relationships of the inspirations from greenish white porcelain with modern forms,fabrication techniques and materials in the practical creation of this sort of work.
Postmating transcriptional changes in the female reproductive tract of the European corn borer moth

Mating triggers a cascade of physiological and behavioural responses in females that persist after copulation. In insects, seminal fluid proteins contained within male ejaculates are known to initiate some responses, but our understanding of how females mediate these reactions remains limited. Few studies have examined postmating transcriptional changes within ejaculate-receiving organs within females or how these changes might depend on the identity of the male. Furthermore, whereas males of many insects transfer packaged ejaculates, transcriptional dynamics have mainly been examined in dipterans, in which males transfer a free ejaculate. To identify genes that may be important in mediating female physiological responses in a spermatophore-producing species, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the ejaculate-receiving organs and examined postmating gene expression within and between pheromone strains of the European corn borer (ECB) moth, Ostrinia nubilalis. After within-strain mating, significant differential expression of 978 transcripts occurred in the female bursa or its associated bursal gland, including peptidases, transmembrane transporters, and hormone processing genes; such genes may potentially play a role in postmating male-female interactions. We also identified 14 transcripts from the bursal gland that were differentially expressed after females mated with cross-strain males, representing candidates for previously observed postmating reproductive isolation between ECB strains.
Conceptualizing Sociotechnical System Boundaries in Healthcare Settings: Within and Across Teams, Organizations, Processes, and Networks

Healthcare systems are complex dynamic sociotechnical systems, in which groups of people (e.g., patients and families, clinicians) interact with different technologies (e.g., clinical decision support system, consumer health information technology) in various physical (e.g., hospital, patient home) and organizational (e.g., teamwork, culture) environments (Carayon et al., 2006; Effken, 2002; Kleiner, 2007). The complex and dynamic nature of healthcare systems results in their boundaries being increasingly fuzzy (Carayon et al., 2011; Plsek & Greenhalgh, 2001). People are no longer constrained to work in single local work systems. Instead, they work in teams across different system boundaries, including organizational, hierarchical, cultural, spatial, temporal, and process boundaries (Carayon, 2006; Karsh & Alper, 2005). New conceptualizations of healthcare system boundaries are needed to take into consideration the characteristics of complex sociotechnical systems (Carayon et al., 2015). We convene this p...
Rifaximin Decreases the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Cirrhosis

While the effects of rifaximin have been shown to be protective against acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in alcohol-induced cirrhosis, its long-term effects on the renal function of other cirrhotic patients are unknown. To examine the long-term effects of rifaximin on the renal function of patients with cirrhosis from various etiologies. In a retrospective study, we examined cirrhotic patients at the University of Chicago Liver Clinic from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014. The study enrolled patients on rifaximin for ≥90 days, who were then matched by age, gender, and MELD score to a control group. Patients with malignancy and renal replacement therapy (RRT) at baseline were excluded. Data were censored at the last follow-up, termination of rifaximin therapy, initiation of RRT, death, or liver transplant. Eighty-eight rifaximin cases were identified and matched to 88 control cases. Baseline characteristics were similar, with the exceptions of more prevalent long-term midodrine use (≥90 days) (17.0 vs 4.5 %, p = 0.01) and baseline ascites (37.5 vs 23.8 %, p = 0.05) in the rifaximin group. There was no difference in the frequency of infections, deaths, liver transplants, or hospitalizations. After controlling for cofounders, the incidence rate ratio of AKI (IRR 0.71, p = 0.02) and HRS (IRR 0.21, p = 0.02), as well as the risk of requiring RRT (OR 0.23, p = 0.01), was lower in the rifaximin group. Long-term use of rifaximin is associated with a decrease incidence of AKI and HRS and a decrease risk of requiring RRT in a general population of cirrhotic patients.
Wireless communication problems in energy-efficient building construction

Modern building construction often focuses on energy efficiency and architectural aesthetics, ignoring wireless system performance until the building is occupied and problems are found. This paper presents a case-study of one such building, showing how the radio environment is compromised by up to 50 dB or more, due to a combination of attenuation through energy-efficient exterior glass and RF interference generated by energy-efficient lighting inside. This dramatic hit to the radio link-budget has important potential impacts not only on cellular phone operation, but also on broadcast and public safety services. The data reported also suggests that current regulations are insufficient to avoid the problem and that a more holistic approach to EMC is needed.
Impact of body tie and Source/Drain contact spacing on the hot carrier reliability of 45-nm RF-CMOS

We report the hot carrier reliability (HCR) of 45-nm SOI CMOS technology. Body contacted devices are shown to be more reliable than floating-body devices. Two different body-contacting schemes are investigated (T-body and notched T- body). The effects of total dose irradiation on reliability are investigated. Body contacted devices are shown to be more tolerant to radiation than floating-body devices. Asymmetric halo doping devices show less hot carrier degradation than symmetric halo doping devices. In addition, we investigate the dependence of hot carrier reliability on the metal contact spacing of the Source/Drain (S/D) terminals, the PC-PC spacing, and the RF device performance trade-offs that result.
Interfacial Stabilization of Metastable TiO2 Films

This work demonstrates a phenomenon that preserves the traditionally metastable anatase crystal structure of thin titania (TiO2) films along a two-dimensional oxide interface at temperatures well in excess of those that normally trigger a full polymorphic transformation to rutile in higher dimensionality crystalline powders. Whereas atomic surface mobility appears to dominate polymorph transformation processes within bulk TiO2 powders, a simple reduction in dimensionality to a two-dimensional TiO2 film (ca. 50–200 nm thick), supported upon a substrate, leads to a remarkable resistance to the calcination-induced anatase-to-rutile transformation. This stabilization does not appear to be specifically reliant on substrate character given its persistence for TiO2 films prepared on amorphous silica (SiO2) as well as crystalline TiO2 substrates. Instead, interface-mediated coordination of the TiO2 film with the substrate, and the inherent confinement of crystallites in two dimensions, is believed to resist polym...
Clinical and cross-sectional imaging features of spontaneous pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula

Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical and imaging features of pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula (PPVF). Methods Patients with evidence of PPVF on CT/MRI were included. Clinical presentation, outcomes, imaging appearance of the portal vein were recorded. Results 75% of patients developed portal hypertension, 62% cavernous transformation of the portal vein and 25% portal biliopathy. PPVF presented on CT as fluid-attenuated portal vein, and on MRI as T2-weighted hyperintense fluid-filled portal vein. PPVF was misdiagnosed as portal vein thrombosis in all patients who underwent CT as initial examination. Conclusions Whenever PPVF is suspected on CT, MRI can be helpful to achieve accurate diagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions.
Mechanical Circulatory Support in the Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure

According to the Centers for Disease Control, heart failure (HF) remains a pervasive condition with high morbidity and mortality, affecting 5.8 million people in the United States and 23 million worldwide. For patients with refractory end-stage HF, heart transplantation is the "gold standard" for definitive treatment. However, the demand for heart transplantation has consistently exceeded the availability of donor hearts, with approximately 2331 orthotopic heart transplantations performed in the United States in 2015 despite an estimated 100 000 to 250 000 patients with New York Heart Association class IIIB or IV symptoms that are refractory to medical treatment, making such patients potential transplant candidates. As such, the need for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to treat patients with end-stage HF has become paramount. In this review, we focus on the history, advancements, and current use of durable MCS device therapy in the treatment of advanced heart failure.
The efficacy and environmental implications of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in a commercial floor coating

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have diverse applications in consumer products, but few studies weigh the improved product performance resulting from the inclusion of an ENM against the unintended consequences of released ENM. We developed and applied a framework to test a commercial floor coating that contains TiO2 nanoparticles in a silicate/siliconate matrix for both efficacy and exposure risk. Extracted TiO2 nanoparticles from the product were first characterized for particle size, morphology, mass concentration, and surface chemical composition prior to floor tile application. Porcelain tiles were coated with three TiO2 concentrations to understand the effect of TiO2 content on coating performance with respect to antimicrobial properties, abrasion resistance, and hydrophobicity. Coating porcelain tiles with the commercial product did not significantly enhance antimicrobial activity or scratch resistance compared to controls without TiO2 nanoparticles. Particles released during accelerated abrasion were collected and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to inform exposure studies. During the abrasion test that simulated product use phase, TiO2 nanoparticles clusters were effectively removed from tile surfaces and embedded in a micron-sized silicate matrix. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in water by photocatalytic reactions using TiO2 from the coating were an order of magnitude lower than by a TiO2 nanoparticle standard. While the overall exposure risk to TiO2 nanoparticles released from floor coatings is low, we did not observe increased efficacy from adding TiO2 to the coating formulation. Product developers and policy makers may use the framework developed in this study to systematically assess the efficacy and product safety across a product's life cycle.
Attitudes Toward Unreliable Diagnostic Aiding in Dangerous Task Environments

It has often been cited that diagnostic aiding technology which falls below 70% reliability is not useful, and will harm overall task performance. This reliability threshold is based on tasks humans are capable of performing unaided. However, future robotic teammates may be capable of acting and gathering information and helping build situation awareness in environments that are too difficult or too dangerous for humans. However, if initial reliability is low, there may be resistance to introducing the technology. The current study investigates the perception of reliable and unreliable diagnostic aiding automation (robots) in both benign and dangerous environments. Undergraduate participants read a description of an autonomous robotic teammate working in either benign or dangerous environments, sending diagnostic aiding information to a human teammate with either high (80%) or low (50%) reliability. Participants in the dangerous environment conditions reported more positive overall perception of, and a st...
Inequitable Compliance: Implementation Failure of a Statewide Student Discipline Reform

Researchers and others in the education community are concerned about over-reliance on exclusionary discipline such as out-of-school suspension (OSS) and expulsion. Exclusionary discipline is assoc...
Superselective Therapy for Cerebral Gliomas

The natural history of glioblastomas has been little altered by therapeutic attempts over the past 30 years. Surgical debulking and radiation therapy have had only a moderate effect on these patients (Neuwelt and Dahlborg 1989), with the median survival being in the range of 7.5–9.5 months (Edwards et al. 1980; Shapiro and Ausman 1969). This dismal prognosis for patients with glioblastomas has stimulated the development of many alternative regimens, such as intra-arterial therapy and local high dose irradiation. This chapter will initially discuss the rationale behind the chemotherapy of brain tumors, the nature of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) and its significance in the treatment of patients with cerebral glioblastomas, and the problem with the BBB; it will conclude with a discussion on the intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
Stability of cnoidal wave frequency combs in microresonators

We determine the regions in the parameter space of microresonators where cnoidal waves (Turing rolls) are stable. Solitons are included as a special limit. We identify conditions to efficiently obtain broadband frequency combs.
Inflammatory biomarkers in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P): State or trait?

Abstract Background Studies linking neuro-inflammation to psychotic episodes has been rapidly expanding. Assessments of changes in inflammatory biomarkers in prodromal patients who subsequently convert to psychosis may help in predicting those likely to transition to psychosis. Methods We reviewed the literature for original studies that measured inflammatory biomarkers in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and compared pro-inflammatory biomarker data between converters and non-converters to psychosis as well as in healthy controls. Results Our search yielded 15 studies. Our findings suggest a possible role of plasma levels of Interleukins-1β, 7, 8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, cortisol, albumin and salivary cortisol, measured at baseline, as predictors of psychotic transition. Both baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 levels were not shown to discriminate between converters and non-converters to psychosis. The dearth of longitudinal biomarker measures, before and after treating the psychotic episodes, was a limitation for assessing inflammatory biomarkers as trait vs state marker properties of biomarkers. Discussion Gaps of data in published studies prevent confirming whether inflammatory biomarkers are state or trait indicators of transition to psychosis in the CHR-P populations. Future investigations should be designed to longitudinally measure inflammatory biomarkers in order to navigate the extensive heterogeneity of the schizophrenia syndrome and its prodrome.
A reproducing kernel enhanced approach for peridynamic solutions

Abstract The most common discretization method for peridynamic models used in engineering problems is the node-based meshfree approach. This method discretizes peridynamic domains by a set of nodes, each associated with a nodal cell with a characteristic volume, leading to a particle-based description of continuum systems. The behavior of each particle is then considered representative of its cell. This limits the convergence rate to the first order. In this paper, we introduce a reproducing kernel (RK) approximation to the field variables in the peridynamic equations to increase the order of convergence of peridynamic numerical solutions. The numerical results demonstrate improved convergence rates in static peridynamic problems using the proposed method.
Polargleichung des Kreises

Last man die Nullachse p mit der X-Achse, den Pol mit dem Ursprung O zusammenfallen, dann erhalt man die Polargleichung des Kreises, indem man in Gl. (1) § 22 x ersetzt durch ϱ cos α und y durch ϱ sin α. Sehr oft kann man die Polargleichung mit Hilfe einer Figur unmittelbar hinsetzen.
CREATING NETWORK STRUCTURE IN LP'S

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the creation of network structure in linear programs (LPs). Identifying or creating embedded network structure in linear programs can yield major computational benefits. Procedures that succeed in converting a given LP formulation into an equivalent network or generalized network can result in a 50- to 100-fold reduction in computer time and cost by enabling the problem to be solved by a specialized algorithm. Such model conversions are customarily brought about in three ways: (1) utilizing a trained network perspective to conceptualize problems in network and network-related forms, (2) implying transformation techniques that replace amenable structures with networks or generalized networks, and (3) using pattern recognition and algebraic reductions of LP matrices to cull out or manufacture embedded networks.
Stochastic Maximum Principle

As an important application of BSDEs and FBSDEs, in this chapter we present a classical method of the Stochastic Control Theory, the stochastic maximum principle, the main technical tool in this book. We first present stochastic control of BSDEs and then much more complex stochastic control of FBSDEs. Necessary conditions are obtained in terms of appropriate adjoint processes, which, under some conditions, can be characterized in terms of an FBSDE system. Sufficient conditions are stated in terms of the corresponding Hamiltonian function. Similar results are presented also for the case of the so-called weak formulation, in which the agent controls the distribution of the output process.
Protecting the Right of Citizens to Aggregate Small Claims Against Businesses

Two years ago I ranted against the Supreme Court’s subversion of the Rules Enabling Act and its opposition to the benign aims of the twentieth-century progressive law reformers expressed summarily in Rule 1 of our Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.1 I observed then that the majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court appeared to have joined the Chamber of Commerce, aligning themselves also with Vice President Dan Quayle’s 1989 Council on Competitiveness2 that denounced effective civil procedure as an enemy of economic development.3 I was then commenting adversely on what the Court had done to transform Rule 8.4 I renewed my
Cult books revisited: Jürgen Moltmann’s The Crucified God:

This latest contribution to ‘Cult Books Revisited’ summarizes and sets into context one of the most important theological books of the twentieth century – Jurgen Moltmann’s The Crucified God (1974).
Fabrication and measurement of a hybrid resonant gradient index metasurface at 40kHz

Over the past decade, gradient index metasurfaces(GIMs) have been voraciously studied for the numerous wave control capabilities that they facilitate. In this regard, a hybrid structure consisting of shunted Helmholtz resonators and a straight channel is often chosen as building blocks of the metasurface. Prior research, however, has primarily focused on GIMs that operate in the audible frequency range, due to the difficulties in fabricating such intricate structures at the millimeter and sub-millimeter scales, for ultrasonic applications. In this paper, we design, fabricate and experimentally realize a gradient index metasurface for airborne ultrasound at 40kHz. The fabrication of such a GIM is made possible by projection micro-stereolithography, an emerging additive manufacturing technique capable of micro-scale, high aspect-ratio features over a wide area. Simulations were first conducted to verify the metasurface design. Experiments were subsequently performed to corroborate the simulations and theory. The challenges faced by the thermoviscous effects, their usefulness in certain applications and optimal designs for minimal dissipation are discussed.
Transforming Care for Patients and Providers: Perspective from Nonprofit Providers.

On July 10th, 2019, we watched the President sign Executive Order #13879, “Advancing American Kidney Health” (AAKH) ([1][1]). The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar stated: “Decades of paying for sickness and procedures in kidney care, rather than paying for
Detection of Occult Blood on EEG Surface Electrodes

ABSTRACTA forensic test, designed to detect blood at crime scenes, was applied to EEG surface electrodes after routine EEG recordings. The EEG recordings were performed at a teaching hospital by experienced technologists in compliance with standards set by the American EEG Society. Seven out of 574 electrodes (1.2%) were positive for the presence of blood. None of the positive electrodes had visible blood on the electrode or at the electrode site. Three of the positive electrodes were from sites at which both abrasive skin prep and a blunt needle were used to lower impedance; three of the positive electrodes were from sites at which only abrasive skin prep was used to lower skin impedance; for one positive electrode the method of impedance reduction was not documented.
Appendix: Introduction to Triage and the Incident Command System

This chapter will discuss how to manage larger incidents than the standard single patient interaction discussed in the text thus far. This includes triage, where providers with limited resources have to treat a number of patients which exceed those resources. This also includes a brief look at the incident command system, which is meant to be used in large incidents where multiple organizations besides EMS also have to be involved.
Mapping trajectories and flows: facilitating a human-centered approach to movement data analytics

This paper argues for a “human-centered” approach to knowledge discovery from movement data through the use of visualization and mapping. As movement data becomes more available and diverse in dime...
Richard, Millington. The Gentle Apocalypse: Truth and Meaning in the Poetry of Georg Trakl: Camden House, 2020. 278 pp. ISBN: 978-1571135889

As stated in its strong preface and introduction, Richard Millington’s The Gentle Apocalypse: Truth and Meaning in the Poetry of Georg Trakl (Camden House, 2020) seeks to achieve an objective as ch...
Invoking a ‘Calamity of Peace’: The Private Revolution of Wendell Berry’s "Mad Farmer"

Building on evolving theories and criticism of post-Vietnam War environmentalism, this essay places Wendell Berry’s agrarian essays and “Mad Farmer Poems” at the cusp of significant ideological change in twenty-first century ecocritical thought. The semi-fictional mad farmer developed in Berry’s poetry collection illustrates how the rural farmer serves as a catalyst for revolutionary environmental change that peacefully marries the private and public uses of wilderness. My analysis of Berry’s poems demonstrates how the poet’s use of symbolism, metaphor, and peaceful protest positions the farmer as the most qualified person to lead us away from mainstream and radical environmentalism and toward a movement indicative of deep-rooted social change.
The Red Absorbing Flavin Species in the Reaction of Bacterial Luciferase with FMNH2 and O2

The reaction of luciferase-bound Z is known to result in the formation of a long-lived intermedlate in the bioluminescent reaction (1). This intermediate was isolated and ,haracterized as the luciferase-peroxyflavin (2), whose struc~ture was later shown to be the flavin 4a-substituted peroxyadduct (3). In the earlier work this peroxy intermediate had been shown to exhibit a single peak at about 370 rum, a shoulder a-t about 460 run, the absorption tailing off around 500 rum, with none above 520 run. In more recent publications,however (4,5), it has been reported that the reaction of the luciferase-bound reduced flavin mononucleotide with O2 also results in the appearance
A Mountain of Butterflies and a Cloud of Grasshoppers

Every autumn, Cape May, New Jersey, becomes a mecca for birdwatchers. Migrating birds moving down the coast reach the tip of the Cape May Peninsula and stall, apparently reluctant to cross the waters of Delaware Bay. They mill about Cape May’s forests, fields, and marshes for a few hours or a few days, resting and feeding before braving the Delaware crossing and continuing their southward journey. Under the right winds and weather conditions, Cape May can host hundreds of thousands, even millions, of migratory birds.
PARAFLOW: A Dataflow Distributed Data-Computing System

We describe the Paraflow system for connecting heterogeneous computing services into a flexible and efficient data-mining metacomputer. There are three levels of parallelism: a dataflow paradigm provides functional parallelism, connecting services by channels; each service may be a SPMD parallel program; and each node of the SPMD service may be multithreaded. Paraflow is easily integrated with web-computing, using MIME types, HTTP forms, a Java GUI for setting up the network of services, and a simple API to allow web servers to be utilized in the computation. Emphasis is on providing a bridge from straightforward, public, unauthenticated browsing of data to collaborative, high-performance data-computing.
The Value of Individuals

True Americanism, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed almost a century ago, promotes the development of the individual for his own and common good. American individualism however has been accused of promoting greed and selfishness. It has also been accused of undermining the family. The American Anthropological Association reports that parents in the US kill between three and five children every day.
Humans Need Biodiversity

Sustaining Life. How Human Health Depends on Biodiversity. Eric Chivian and Aaron Bernstein, Eds.. Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. 566 pp. $34.95, £18.99. ISBN 9780195175097. Examining topics such as ecosystem services, medicines, biomedical research, infectious diseases, and food production, the contributors offer a thorough summary of the importance of biodiversity to well-being.
Default Accentuation and Foot Structure in Japanese: Evidence from Japanese Adaptations of French Words

We examined accentuation patterns that appear in Japanese adaptation of French words. We argue that these patterns reflect the default accentuation of Japanese grammar: they correspond to accent patterns found in some marginal sectors of Japanese vocabulary (e.g., proper nouns) where the accent is predictable. Our Optimality Theoretic analysis defines the default accentuation as the head of a non-final bimoraic trochaic foot (essentially confirming the analyses of Yamada (1990) and Haraguchi (1991)). Certain aspects of Universal Grammar emerge in our data: shift of accent from epenthetic vowels and variation between penultimate and antepenultimate accent in heavy-light syllable sequences.
Complicated grief symptoms in anxiety disorders: prevalence and associated impairment.

Background Previous research has identified high rates of comorbid anxiety disorders among individuals presenting with primary CG. In the present study, we examined the prevalence of comorbid CG in bereaved primary anxiety disorder (AD) patients compared to bereaved healthy controls. We also examined the impairment associated with comorbid CG in AD. Methods Participants were 242 bereaved adults (mean (SD) age = 41.5 (13.1), 44.2% women) with a primary AD diagnosis, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 57), panic disorder (PD; n = 49), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 29), and generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD; n = 107), as well as 155 bereaved healthy controls with no current DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis (mean (SD) age = 43.0 (13.6), 51.0% women). CG symptoms were measured using the 19-item inventory of complicated grief (ICG), with threshold CG defined as an ICG score of ≥30. Quality of life and functional impairment were assessed with the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT), respectively. Results Participants with primary ADs had significantly higher rates of threshold CG symptoms than bereaved controls (12.0% vs. 0.65%; Fisher's Exact P < 0.001). Rates of threshold CG were significantly elevated for each AD when compared to bereaved controls. After adjustment for age, sex, education, and comorbid major depressive disorder, threshold CG was associated with lower quality of life (β = −0.140, P = 0.023) and greater impairment (β = 0.141, P = 0.035) among individuals with AD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that threshold CG is of clinical relevance in bereaved individuals with a primary anxiety disorder. Screening for CG in patients with ADs may be warranted.
Association of statin use and development and progression of hip osteoarthritis in elderly women.

OBJECTIVE:. To examine the association between use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and development and progression of radiographic findings of hip osteoarthritis (OA) in elderly women. METHODS: Baseline and followup anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were obtained, a mean of 8 years apart, in 5674 women (69% of the total survivors) age 65 years and older from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Hips were scored for individual radiographic features (IRF) and assigned a summary grade of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) based on the number and type of IRF present. Statin use was recorded from prescription labels provided by participants at Year 6 and Year 8 of followup. We estimated odds ratios for the development of RHOA in hips without disease at baseline and for progression of RHOA in hips with baseline disease, using generalized estimating equations to account for correlations of right and left hips. RESULTS: RHOA was present in 936 hips of 745 women at baseline and there were 9318 hips without baseline RHOA. Overall, 7% of women in this cohort were statin users. Statin use was associated with increased odds of developing incident summary grade > or = 3 RHOA (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-4.43, p = 0.045), but was not significantly related to other measures of new RHOA. In hips with baseline RHOA there was a consistent but nonsignificant trend toward decreased progression of RHOA in statin users (all OR between 0.69 and 0.76, with 95% CI between 0.29 and 1.67). CONCLUSION: Statin use may be associated with an increased risk of developing incident RHOA but does not adversely influence progression of established disease.
Mallet finger: Results of early versus delayed closed treatment

Abstract The efficacy of continous splinting was retrospectively compared in two populations of 40 patients with soft tissue and bony mallet finger whose treatment was initiated within 2 weeks after injury (early) or more than 4 weeks after trauma (delayed). Splint treatment was successful in restoring active extension (with no more than 10° extensor lag) in 17 of 21 patients in the early group and 15 of 19 patients in the delayed group. Neither the presence or absence of dorsal lip fracture less than one third of the articular surface of the distal phalanx nor the type of splint used affected the final outcome. Splinting was as effective in the delayed treatment population as it was in the early treatment population.
Exploring Interactive and Dynamic Simulations Using a Computer Algebra System in an Advanced Placement Chemistry Course

The article describes the use of Mathematica, a computer algebra system (CAS), in a high school chemistry course. Mathematica was used to generate a graph, where a slider controls the value of parameter(s) in the equation; thus, students can visualize the effect of the parameter(s) on the behavior of the system. Also, Mathematica can show the steps in the solution to an algebraic expression (e.g., solving equilibrium problems), which can benefit students with weak algebra skills. The CAS was used to create interactive and dynamic simulations in support of an inquiry-based advanced placement chemistry Beer’s law, kinetics, and solubility of ionic compounds laboratory activities. A primer in the use of some Mathematica commands is included. This contribution is part of a special issue on teaching introductory chemistry in the context of the advanced placement (AP) chemistry course redesign.
Isolation from poultry litter and characterization in high phosphate conditions of Staphylococcus spp. capable of growth

Aims: To isolate and characterize micro-organisms from poultry litter capable of growing under phosphate concentrations typical of poultry litter. Methods and Results: Poultry litter extracts were plated onto brain-heart infusion medium (BHI) containing an additional 0·75 mol l−1 phosphate (BHI-P). Colonies were screened for the presence of inclusion granules with five being selected for further study. All strains displayed identical biochemical characteristics consistent with Staphylococcus spp. and grouped with Staphylococcus spp. by comparative 16S rDNA analysis. Thus all five strains were identified as such. All strains displayed elevated intracellular phosphate levels when cultured in BHI-P broth (0·417–0·600 μg phosphate mg−1 protein) vs BHI broth (0·075–0·093 μg phosphate mg−1 protein). When grown using an austere semi-defined medium or BHI-P, Staph. sp. #7 displayed similar elevated intracellular phosphate levels compared with growth in BHI. Conclusions: Poultry litter contains novel Staphylococcus spp. capable of robust growth when exposed to phosphate levels comparable with that typically found in poultry litter. Data suggest intracellular phosphate levels in these strains increase in response to increasing phosphate in the medium or austere medium conditions. Intracellular phosphate did not reach levels comparable with known hyper-accumulating micro-organisms. Significance and Impact of the Study: These data suggest poultry litter possesses a resident microflora that thrives and accumulates intracellular phosphate in response to high phosphate conditions.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Peptide Paclitaxel Conjugate Which Targets the Integrin αvβ6

The integrin α(v)β(6) is an emergent biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as other carcinomas. We previously developed a tetrameric peptide, referred to as H2009.1, which binds α(v)β(6) and displays minimal affinity for other RGD-binding integrins. Here we report the use of this peptide to actively deliver paclitaxel to α(v)β(6)-positive cells. We synthesized a water soluble paclitaxel-H2009.1 peptide conjugate in which the 2'-position of paclitaxel is attached to the tetrameric peptide via an ester linkage. The conjugate maintains its specificity for α(v)β(6)-expressing NSCLC cells, resulting in selective cytotoxicity. Treatment of α(v)β(6)-positive cells with the conjugate results in cell cycle arrest followed by induction of apoptosis in the same manner as free paclitaxel. However, initiation of apoptosis and the resultant cell death is delayed compared to free drug. The conjugate demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a H2009 xenograft model of NSCLC with efficacy comparable to treatment with free paclitaxel.
Physicochemical Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high performance exclusion chromatography (HPEC) were used to characterize two different commercial preparations of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin, produced either by peroxide cleavage or deaminative cleavage using nitrous acid. Proton NMR showed < 2% contamination by dermatan sulfate in the material produced by deaminative cleavage using nitrous acid and < 4% for the material produced by peroxide cleavage. The Raman spectra of the nitrous acid produced material showed an equivalent amount of O-sulfation to that in the material produced by peroxide, but about a 10% reduction in the content of N-sulfated glucosamine, as expected from the deamination reaction. DLS and HPEC indicated the presence of < 0.2% of very high molecular weight/aggregate material for the peroxide preparation compared to 1% for the nitrous acid-prepared material. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) determined from HPEC was 5900 Da for the nitrous acid-prepared material and 6850 Da for the peroxide-produced material. The number average molecular weight (Mn) calculated from this data was 5200 Da for the nitrous acid preparation and 5300 Da for the peroxide-produced material. In addition, the nitrous acid-prepared material exhibited a much narrower size distribution of oligomeric species, as evidenced by the polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of 1.1 for the nitrous acid-prepared material, as compared with a value of 1.3 for the peroxide-prepared material. These studies demonstrate that significant differences between preparations of LMW heparin can be resolved using these techniques. This is of critical importance in the design of quality assurance methods.
Nonendometrioid endometrial carcinomas

Clinicopathologic studies support a classification of endometrial carcinoma into two main categories (type I and type II). Type I cancers consist of endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas, with the former being the most common, whereas serous and clear cell carcinomas are the so-called "prototype" of type II cancers. Nonendometrioid carcinomas account for approximately 10% of endometrial carcinomas and differ from endometrioid carcinomas in terms of patient demographics, morphologic features, and biological behavior. Molecular studies have provided further insights into the differing alterations involved in the development and progression of these tumors. This review summarizes the characteristic clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of the various subtypes of nonendometrioid carcinomas and also highlights relevant conditions (both nonneoplastic and neoplastic) that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these tumors.
The impact of duty hours on resident self reports of errors.

Resident duty hour limitations aim, in part, to reduce medical errors. Residents’ perceptions of the impact of duty hours on errors are unknown. To determine residents’ self-reported contributing factors, frequency, and impact of hours worked on suboptimal care practices and medical errors. Cross-sectional survey. 164 Internal Medicine Residents at the University of California, San Francisco. Residents were asked to report the frequency and contributing factors of suboptimal care practices and medical errors, and how duty hours impacted these practices and aspects of resident work-life. One hundred twenty-five residents (76%) responded. The most common suboptimal care practices were working while impaired by fatigue and forgetting to transmit information during sign-out. In multivariable models, residents who felt overwhelmed with work (p = 0.02) and who reported spending >50% of their time in nonphysician tasks (p = 0.002) were more likely to report suboptimal care practices. Residents reported work-stress (a composite of fatigue, excessive workload, distractions, stress, and inadequate time) as the most frequent contributing factor to medical errors. In multivariable models, only engaging in suboptimal practices was associated with self-report of higher risk for medical errors (p < 0.001); working more than 80 hours per week was not associated with suboptimal care or errors. Our findings suggest that administrative load and work stressors are more closely associated with resident reports of medical errors than the number of hours work. Efforts to reduce resident duty hours may also need to address the nature of residents’ work to reduce errors.
Photoaffinity labeling of turkey erythrocyte beta-adrenergic receptors: Degradation of the Mr = 49,000 protein explains apparent heterogeneity

The potent photoaffinity probe [ 125 I]p-azidobenzylcarazolol was used to identify β-adrenergic receptors from turkey erythrocytes. Two peptides were specifically labeled with apparent M r = 39,000 and 49,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ratio of labeling of these peptides was found to be dependent on the method of tissue preparation. Thus, the M r = 39,000/M r = 49,000 ratio was 1:2 when labeling was done on intact cells, 1:1 for labeling of crude membranes, and 4:1 for purified membrane preparations. Moreover, incubation of intact cells or either membrane preparation at 37°C led to a diminution of the M r = 49,000 labeled peptide which was associated with a stoichiometric increase in the M r = 39,000 form of the receptor. These results suggest that the turkey erythrocyte β 1 -adrenergic receptor is a protein of M r = 49,000 and that the commonly observed M r = 39,000 peptide is derived from this protein.
Effects of amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine on serum prolactin concentrations in the male rat

Abstract d-Amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine, which are postulated to release or block the reuptake of released dopamine at nerve terminals in the brain, produced only slight reductions in the serum concentrations of prolactin in normal male rats or in rats in which the prolactin concentrations were elevated by pretreatment with α-methyltyrosine. These results suggest that indirect dopaminergic drugs, such as d-amphetamine, do not facilitate the release of dopamine from the terminals of tuberoinfundibular neurons in the same way as they do at the terminals of other dopaminergic neurons in the brain.
Northern Democrats and Party Polarization in the U.S. House

: Over the last 25 years, there has been a steady increase in party voting in the U.S. House, with much of this increase attributed to changes in the South. We argue that changes in the North are also important. Democrats now win a higher percentage of elections in the North, and a larger percentage of the congressional party comes from the North. Northern Democrats became steadily more liberal in the 1980s and 1990s, which increased the liberal record of the entire party. We examine two factors in the rise in liberal voting in the North. First, Democrats now win more seats in urban, lower-income, nonwhite districts that tend to generate liberal voting records. Second, there has been an increase in the number of districts that tend to produce liberal-voting Democrats. Together, these changes have resulted in more liberal Democratic Party voting and greater polarization between the parties.
Analysis of Deoxynivalenol and Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in wheat

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin which can be produced in cereal grains infected by Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). Alteration of DON by the plant often involves conjugation of the respective mycotoxin to certain functional groups or molecules. Conjugation of DON with glucose results in Deoxynivalenol-3-β-d-glucopyranoside (D3G), which has been found to be the main DON metabolite in wheat. The objective of this research was to identify the fate of D3G and DON during wheat processing using LC–MS–MS and GC, respectively. There was an approximate reduction of 61.8% in the detected DON level of the flour compared to the whole wheat. DON levels detected during the fermentation stage were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the mixed dough. D3G detected in the flour was 23.7% lower than detected in the whole wheat. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the D3G detected in the dough samples. However, the baked bread had significantly (P < 0.05) less D3G detected than the dough. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of enzyme hydrolysis on DON detection in whole wheat. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the wheat treated with α-amylase, cellulase, protease, and xylanase. DON detection levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher after treatment with protease (16%) and xylanase (39%) compared to the wheat composite. These results suggest that DON may be bound or embedded to the cell wall matrix or protein component of the wheat kernel due to the rise in detection of DON after these enzyme treatments.