cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compulsive addiction-like aggressive behavior in mice

Abstract Background Some people are highly motivated to seek aggressive encounters, and among those who have been incarcerated for such behavior, recidivism rates are high. These observations echo two core features of drug addiction: high motivation to seek addictive substances, despite adverse consequences, and high relapse rates. Here we used established rodent models of drug addiction to determine whether they would be sensitive to "addiction-like" features of aggression in CD-1 mice. Methods In experiments 1 and 2, we trained older CD-1 mice to lever press for opportunities to attack younger C57BL6/J mice. We then tested them for relapse to aggression seeking after forced abstinence or punishment-induced suppression of aggression self-administration. In experiment 3, we trained a large cohort of CD-1 mice and tested them for choice-based voluntary suppression of aggression seeking, relapse to aggression seeking, progressive ratio responding, and punishment-induced suppression of aggression self-administration. We then used cluster analysis to identify patterns of individual differences in compulsive "addiction-like" aggressive behavior. Results In experiments 1 and 2, we observed strong motivation to acquire operant self-administration of opportunities to aggress and relapse vulnerability during abstinence. In experiment 3, cluster analysis of the aggression-related measures identified a subset of "addicted" mice (∼19%) that exhibited intense operant-reinforced attack behavior, decreased likelihood to select an alternative reinforcer over aggression, heightened relapse vulnerability and progressive ratio responding, and resilience to punishment-induced suppression of aggressive behavior. Conclusions Using procedures established to model drug addiction, we showed that a subpopulation of CD-1 mice demonstrate "addiction-like" aggressive behavior, suggesting an evolutionary origin for compulsive aggression.
Fashion design aid system with application of interactive genetic algorithms

These days, consumers can make their choice from a wide variety of clothes provided in the market; however, some prefer to have their clothes custom-made. Since most of these consumers are not professional designers, they contact a designer to help them with the process. This approach, however, is not efficient in terms of time and cost and it does not reflect the consumer’s personal taste as much as desired. This study proposes a design system using Interactive Genetic Algorithm (IGA) to overcome these problems. IGA differs from traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA) by leaving the fitness function to the personal preference of the user. The proposed system uses user’s taste as a fitness value to create a large number of design options, and it is based on an encoding scheme either describing a dress as a whole or as a two-part piece of clothing. The system is designed in the Rhinoceros 3D software, using python, which provides good speed and interface options. The assessment experiments with several subjects indicated that the proposed system is effective.
Modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for post‐chemotherapy residual tumour: a long‐term update

Objective To update previously reported outcomes of modified-template post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) in appropriately selected patients with metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT), as our previous report was criticised for short follow-up and so we now provide a long-term update on this cohort. Patients and methods In all, 100 patients with normal serum markers after cisplatin-based chemotherapy and residual retroperitoneal tumour underwent modified PC-RPLND between 1991 and 2004. Using a prospectively managed institutional testicular cancer database, long-term follow-up was obtained. Results As previously reported, 43 patients underwent a right-modified template, 18 patients underwent a full-left-modified template, and 39 patients underwent a left-modified template. The updated long-term median follow-up for the entire cohort is 125 months. Seven patients developed recurrent disease with a median (range) time to recurrence of 11 (6-102) months, and one patient died from recurrent disease in the chest 4 years after surgery. All recurrences were outside the boundaries of a full-bilateral template RPLND, with the most common location of recurrence being the chest. The 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival rates were 93% and 92%, respectively. The overall survival at 10 years was 99%. Conclusions In appropriately selected patients with low-volume disease before and after chemotherapy, a modified template has durable long-term efficacy without risk of in-field recurrences at a median follow-up of 125 months.
Examining the role of treatment complexity in survivorship care planning.

242Background: The cancer survivor population will reach 19M by 2025, increasing demand on primary care providers to manage late and long-term effects of treatment. To improve care quality, the IOM recommends survivorship care plans (SCPs) that include two components: a treatment summary (TS) detailing disease and treatment characteristics; and evidence based follow up care instructions (FCI). SCPs remain underutilized despite evidence they enhance physician communication, increase self-efficacy and improve health outcomes of cancer survivors. Little is known about treatment related and socio-demographic factors associated with receipt of SCPs and their components. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between care complexity, operationalized as multiple cancers or treatments, and survivor reported SCP receipt. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer, an online self-selection survey. Descriptive statistics and...
DNA Methyltransferases Demonstrate Reduced Activity against Arabinosylcytosine: Implications for Epigenetic Instability in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Arabinosylcytosine (araC) is a mainstay in the initial treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although relapses are common. Given the recent recognition of altered DNA methylation patterns in relapsed AML, we considered whether araC, which acts by incorporation into DNA, could itself perturb methylation dynamics. To explore this possibility, we examined several DNA methyltransferases and find that araC embedded in DNA is consistently methylated with an efficiency diminished relative to that of deoxycytidine. Importantly, with the human maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, the extent of araC methylation is reduced by more than ∼200-fold. These observations support a model whereby araC treatment may itself contribute to locus-specific, passive DNA demethylation in relapsed AML.
Analysis of solar estimation from buildings along with demand response in a renewable microgrid

This paper studies a practical implementation of a renewable microgrid in a city in the Northwest region of the U.S.A. The microgrid is sourced mainly by the hydro-generation location in midst of the city and future solar installations, which combined could be adequate to run some of the critical loads in the city. This paper will shed light on the possible independent operation of microgrid with results from system study in Powerworld and estimation of proposed solar installation on building rooftops using the PVWatts calculator developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL). Further improvements to operational efficiency of this microgrid will be evaluated by implementing demand response schemes.
Hypoxia Regulation of Stem Cell: Mechanisms, Biological Properties, and Applications

Abstract The stem cell fate is regulated by microenvironmental cues from their surrounding niche, among which oxygen tension plays a pivotal role, serving as both metabolic subtract and a signaling molecule. In vivo, low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a common feature of stem cell niche shared among different types of stem cells and linked to their plasticity. This chapter summarizes the physiological relevance of hypoxia in regulating stem cell metabolism and biological properties, including self-renewal, multipotency in differentiation, ischemic resistance, cellular senescence, and paracrine secretion. The technologies relevant to oxygen control and measurement in stem cell microenvironment are reviewed. Hypoxia preconditioning to enhance therapeutic outcome during stem cell transplantation is also discussed under the context of disease treatment, including stroke, ischemic heart injury, and kidney injury.
Effects of Sublethal Doses of Two Insect Growth Regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reproduction

The effects of sublethal doses of two insect growth regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) reproduction were investigated. Adults which developed from larvae that fed on a pinto bean diet containing diflubenzuron (Dimilin) or an ecdysone agonist (RH 5992) were inbred and outcrossed with adults which developed from larvae that were fed on a normal pinto bean diet. Data were collected on fecundity, fertility, and sperm transfer. Sublethal doses of both compounds administered to H. zea larvae caused reduced fertility in surviving male imagos but had no effect on fecundity or fertility of the female imagos. Reduced fertility in treated males was largely caused by a lower incidence of sperm transfer. Implications of our results for H. zea population management are discussed.
Shallow Unconfined Flow on a Sloping Base Redux

When is the impact of a sloping base large enough to justify more complex models for an unconfined aquifer? The intuitive answer that "it depends on the magnitude of the slope" is not wholly correct. Using recent mathematical results (the Lambert W function), we explicitly solve the simple sloping base problem. This explicit solution offers insights beyond those possible using Dupuit's, Polubarinov-Kochina's, Harr's, Child's, and others' implicit solutions. Specifically, it shows that the impact of the sloping base is best characterized by the saturated thickness divided by the change in base elevation, not by the slope.
Demonstration of the bactericidal effects of the boron neutron capture reaction.

Abstract This pilot study represents a paradigm shift, using BNCT for the treatment of bacterial overgrowth on surgically implanted medical devices. In this study, titanium diboride disks were inoculated with S. aureus and irradiated in a thermal neutron beam. After a delivery of 2.6 × 1012 n/cm2 the surviving fraction of S. aureus on an irradiated disk was 3.1 × 10−5 when compared with non-irradiated controls. This pilot study demonstrates proof of principle of boron neutron capture therapy for infection control (BNCIC).
Crusading Iowa Journalist Verne Marshall: Exposing Graft and the 1936 Pulitzer Prize

Review of: Crusading Iowa Journalist Verne Marshall: Exposing Graft and the 1936 Pulitzer Prize, by Jerry Harrington
Mate size and breeding success in a monogamous cichlid fish

The patterns of mate size and parental care of a monogamous cichlid fish,Cichlasoma maculicauda, were studied in Gatun Lake, Panama. Males defend territories which serve as courtship and nest sites. Within a population most mates in pairs are of equal size rank. In each pair the male is larger than the female, probably because most mature males are larger than most mature females. Clutch size increases with female body size. Male size affects breeding success in two ways. First, larger males provide nest sites less susceptible to destructive wave action. Second, young of larger males grow faster than young of smaller males. Large males defeat small males in contests for position in feeding areas, and this may provide their young with better feeding conditions. In the laboratory young growth rates increase with food abundance, and at high levels of food surpass those observed in nature. Fast growth of young reduces their vulnerability to predators and should allow parents to breed more often. Young survival rates improve with the size of the parents, so that larger fish raise more offspring at each breeding attempt. These observations suggest why preference for large mates should occur.
Recalls, Innovation, and Competitor Response: Evidence from Medical Device Firms

Innovation and new product development are the lifeblood of firms in R&D-intensive industries, yet malfunctioning products can cause immense damage. Product failures thus create managerial challenges and opportunities for focal firms and their competitors. Focal firm failures often result in sales de-creases and cost increases associated with remedial public relations and manufacturing activities. Competitor firm failures, however, can create market opportunities and elicit strategic responses by focal firms. We develop theory and provide empirical evidence of how innovative activity changes in response to product recalls in the U.S. medical device industry. Focal firm recalls slow incremental innovation while competitor firm recalls accelerate incremental and major innovation. Recall prevention and remediation efforts are thus more important than previously suggested, due to significant competitor responses.
Translating the Cyphering-Book Tradition to North America

As soon as formal schooling was established in the North America settlements, the cyphering tradition was adopted as the best means of developing numerical, navigational and surveying skills within the fledgling, largely rural communities. Although, most commonly, boys 10 years of age, or older, prepared cyphering books, some girls also prepared them. The issue of whether the cyphering tradition served the early colonies well is considered—in particular, evaluative functions of cyphering books are outlined.
Studies on intravitreal blood vessels. 3. Effectiveness of intraocular diathermy on blood vessel closure; a comparison with argon laser.

The effect of intraocular diathermy on the closure of intravitreal vessels was studied in a new experimental model and compared with previous studies on argon laser photocoagulation. Intravitreal vessels could be closed easily with diathermy regardless of size or type of vessel. Complete occlusion occurred in 60 per cent of treated vessels and partial occlusion of the vascular tree occurred in an additional 20 per cent. The rate of hemorrhage was 20 per cent. Most hemorrhages were less than one-half disk diameter in area. Diathermy appears indicated in areas in which a background reaction might be damaging or the vessels are surrounded by excessive amounts of glial tissue or when the media is opaque.
Sensing and Imaging Aerosol Particles with Digital Holography from a UAV

Digital holography is a powerful method to study aerosol particles in a contact-free way. This work describes our development and use of a new UAV-mounted instrument that images aerosol particles with digital holography in the atmosphere.
Modeling nonlinear fractional diffusion-wave equations with Burgers-type evolution equations

Fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) with a time derivative of fractional order are used to describe wave motion in complex viscoelastic media with non-traditional equations of motion. Kappler et al. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 114804 (2017)] derived a fractional diffusion-wave equation for a nonlinear Lucassen wave propagating along an elastic layer coupled to a viscous substrate. The fractional time derivative of order 3/2 in the linear form of this equation lies midway between order 1 for a diffusion process described by a parabolic equation, and order 2 for the traditional hyperbolic wave equation. The inclusion of nonlinear elasticity tends to inhibit purely progressive wave motion that is associated with classical nonlinear plane waves in fluids and solids, and which is described accurately by parabolic-like, Burgers-type evolution equations. In this work, a general FPDE is analyzed in a parameter space consisting of varying nonlinearity and time fractional orders. The focus is on conditions under which the FPDE can be modeled accurately with a Burgers-type evolution equation for progressive wave motion. The method of lines in combination with a general Runge-Kutta method for forward integration is used for numerical analysis. [B.E.S. is supported by the ARL:UT McKinney Fellowship in Acoustics.]Fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) with a time derivative of fractional order are used to describe wave motion in complex viscoelastic media with non-traditional equations of motion. Kappler et al. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 114804 (2017)] derived a fractional diffusion-wave equation for a nonlinear Lucassen wave propagating along an elastic layer coupled to a viscous substrate. The fractional time derivative of order 3/2 in the linear form of this equation lies midway between order 1 for a diffusion process described by a parabolic equation, and order 2 for the traditional hyperbolic wave equation. The inclusion of nonlinear elasticity tends to inhibit purely progressive wave motion that is associated with classical nonlinear plane waves in fluids and solids, and which is described accurately by parabolic-like, Burgers-type evolution equations. In this work, a general FPDE is analyzed in a parameter space consisting of varying nonlinearity and time fractional orders. The focus is on conditions ...
Effects of collagen crosslinking on porcine and human tarsal plate

Floppy eyelid syndrome is a disorder in which the tarsal plate is easily distensible and is currently treated with conservative or surgical measures. Human tarsal plate contains type I collagen, which is crosslinked in corneal tissue as a treatment for keratoconus. We hypothesized that collagen crosslinking would similarly stiffen tarsal plate tissue and investigated this in porcine and human tarsal plate specimens. Riboflavin-sensitized porcine and human tarsus samples were irradiated with ultraviolet-A light. Porcine experiments were analyzed with gross photographs, anterior segment optical computed tomography (AS-OCT) imaging, and tensile testing. A prospective study of human tarsus was performed on samples from patients undergoing wedge resection for floppy eyelid syndrome and was analyzed with AS-OCT and tensile testing. 73 porcine adnexa and 9 patients (16 eyelids) who underwent wedge excision were included in the study. Grossly, greater stiffness was observed in crosslinked porcine tissue. AS-OCT imaging in porcine tissue showed a distinct hyperreflective band in crosslinked specimens whose area and intensity increased with longer treatment time (P = 0.003); this band was also visible in crosslinked human specimens. Tensile testing was performed, but results were not statistically significant. AS-OCT imaging, which has not been previously described for tarsal plate, showed a characteristic change in crosslinked porcine and human specimens. Tissue stiffness was increased grossly, but changes in tensile properties were not statistically significant. Further study is warranted to determine relevance as a potential treatment for floppy eyelid syndrome.
Visualizing free-energy landscapes for four hard disks

We present a simple model system with four hard disks moving in a circular region for which free-energy landscapes can be directly calculated and visualized in two and three dimensions. We construct several energy landscapes for our system, and we explore the strengths and limitations of each in terms of understanding system dynamics, in particular the relationship between state transitions and free-energy barriers. We also demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between system dynamics in real space and those in landscape coordinates, and we show that care must be taken to appropriately combine dynamics with barrier properties to understand the transition rates. This simple model provides an intuitive way to understand free-energy landscapes, and it illustrates the benefits that free-energy landscapes can have over potential energy landscapes.
Designing an Immersive Environment from the User's Perspective: A Review of VR UX: 100 Pages of VR UX, Design, Sound, Storytelling, Movement & Controls by Casey Fictum

This review examines Casey Fictum's "VR UX: 100 Pages of VR UX, Design, Sound, Storytelling, Movement & Controls." Fictum creates a fast-paced, concise guide for readers looking to create virtual reality environments centered around the consumers who use the technology. The book interlaces technical information, imaginative storytelling, testing protocols, checklists, and amusing stories. This gives the reader perspective through the lens of a true expert in the fields of virtual reality, experience creation, head-mounted displays, and field-testing the technology. The review evaluates the strengths of the book and analyzes the author's process in creating and evaluating meaningful content that is comfortable for the targeted virtual reality user.
Epidemiological survey of cardiorespiratory arrest and preliminary evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric emergency room

Objective To investigate the incidence,etiology and risk factors of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) in pediatric emergency room and preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods The unified,standard in-hospital Utstein style was used for data collection with filling answers in the questionnaire.The survey items included the causes of cardiorespiratory arrest and the factors influencing the efficacy of CPR.The restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was used to evaluate short-term efficacy of CPR.Results Totally 182 380 patients aged from 28 days to 18 years were admitted to emergency room of Beijing Children' s Hospital between July 1,2008 and February 28,2010.Of them,237 patients (0.13％) were subjected to cardiorespiratory arrest,of which 169 patients received CPR and 88 patients (52.1％) got sustained ROSC.Neither sex nor age distribution affected ROSC.The primary cause of CRA and kind of initial abnormal rhythm of heartbeat leading to CRA were associated with the rate of ROSC.The rates of ROSC occurred in patients with or without pre-hospital transport were 64.1％ and 44.8％,respectively.The rate of ROSC was closely related to time consumed for getting ROSC by CPR,and as CPR durations were ≤ 10 min,10 to 30 min,and ＞ 30 min,the rates of ROSC were 67.5％,61.4％ and 30.5％,respectively.Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that kind of initial abnormal rhythm and CPR duration were associated with the rate of ROSC.Conclusions The incidence of CRA in emergency was 0.13％,and the rate of ROSC after CPR was 52.1％.The kind of initial abnormal rhythm of heartbeat and CPR duration were independent factors associated with the rate of ROSC. Key words: In-hospital Utstein style; Cardiorespiratory arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Pediatric
Compassion focused therapy in a university counseling and psychological services center: A feasibility trial of a new standardized group manual.

Objectives: The feasibility and acceptability of a new Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) group protocol were assessed in a university counseling and psychological services (CAPS) center. Outcome mea...
Hybrid PZT Lateral Bimorphs and 3-D-Printed Spring-Mass Resonators for Batteryless RF Transmission and Vibration Identification

3-D-printed structures integrated with laser-cut spiral PZT bimorphs are used to obtain low mechanical resonance frequencies for energy harvesting and a vibration-activated mechanical switch. This structure is used to realize a batteryless vibration event detector and RF transmitter, using the energy in the vibration and a mechanical switch as a comparator. The low-resonance frequency of the 3-D-printed mechanical resonators is used to supply significant mechanical resonance gain and trigger the impulse response of the PZT bimorphs, resulting in an upconversion of resonance frequencies. RF pulses are generated by an LC resonator and transmitted by a loop antenna for reporting event detection. The 3-D-printed structure has resonances as low as 17.5 to 40 Hz corresponding to the vibration energy spectrum readily available in the environment. Theory and experiments to verify RF output are presented. At 40 Hz and 0.75 g excitation, the resulting RF pulse is at a carrier frequency of 10.9 MHz with energy extracted from the bimorph of 0.95 nJ per pulse. As a demonstration of the device, the wireless sensor node is used to identify operational modes of a portable gasoline electric generator.
Multimodally Enhanced Opportunities for Language Learning: Gestures Used in Word Search Sequences in ESL Tutoring

Focusing on word search sequences initiated by ESL learners in conversation tutoring, this study examines how the participants use gestures in order to facilitate language learning as well as mutual understanding. Adopting the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis, it analyzes two particular sequential contexts: (a) when a tutee uses gestures without a candidate solution to her/his word search, directly soliciting the tutor’s co-participation; and (b) when a tutee uses gestures with a candidate solution to her/his word search but there is mismatch between the candidate solution and the accompanying gesture. A fine-grained analysis of the participants’ moment-by-moment verbal and nonverbal actions reveals that gestures create multimodally enhanced opportunities for language learning by allowing the tutor to offer lexical items that are new or unfamiliar to the tutee and/or to provide corrective feedback on the lexical errors. The findings from this study offer implications for the role of gesture in L2 learning and for some of the key concepts in second language acquisition such as output, corrective feedback, and communication strategies.
Overlapping and distinct features of viral and allergen immunity in the human lung

Summary Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate and innate-like lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and invariant T cells. Lung-resident memory T and B cells contribute to this network following initial exposure to antigenic stimuli. This review explores how advances in the study of human immunology have shaped our understanding of this resident immune network and its response to two of the most commonly encountered inflammatory stimuli in the airways: viruses and allergens. It discusses the many ways in which pathogenic infection and allergic inflammation mirror each other, highlighting the key checkpoints at which they diverge and how this can result in a lifetime of allergic exacerbation versus protective anti-viral immunity.
Utilizing an inter-professional online advisory board: A case study to inform innovation in community-engaged, transportation equity research and planning

Abstract This case study describes implementation of an innovative, online, inter-professional advisory board in the context of transportation equity research. The board was comprised of 14 professionals from social work, transportation planning, and engineering. The board advised the research team on research methods such as sample recruitment strategies and data collection, as well as interpreting the results at the conclusion of the study and forming policy implications. The case study underscores the importance of: 1) ensuring broad, inter-professional membership; 2) utility of online meeting formats for reducing participation barriers and promoting more diverse participation; 3) designing active strategies to promote board members’ interaction and networking during meetings; and 4) continually orientating members to the board’s contribution to the research. Efforts to utilize participatory research methods in transportation equity research may lead to more effective transportation planning and more equitable transportation services.
Needed Methodological Emancipation: Qualitative Coding and the Institutionalization of the Master’s Voice:

While qualitative research has been among the more open of academic disciplines, processes for analyzing qualitative data have remained dogmatic. Most qualitative data are “coded” by breaking it in...
Commentary: Semiotic Game, Semiotic Resources, Liminal Space—A Revolutionary Moment in Mathematics Education!

The commentary on the chapters of Gerofsky, of Bazzini and Sabena and of Gana and Stathopoulou emphasises the importance of transforming the relationship between people and mathematics education. It synthesises the three chapters by pointing to semiotic perspectives as crucial to our understanding of mathematics education practices and research.
EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF MUCOID LACTOBACILLUS BIFIDUS

Abstract Wang, Marian (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), Edward Steers, and Robert F. Norris. Extracellular polysaccharide of mucoid Lactobacillus bifidus. J. Bacteriol. 86:898–903. 1963.—The extracellular polysaccharide produced by the “Jackson-mucoid” strain of Lactobacillus bifidus was isolated and purified by three different procedures. The component sugars of the polysaccharide were identified by paper chromatography and confirmed by infrared analysis. Galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and 6-deoxy-talose were identified. Contrary to a previous report from this laboratory, fucose was not found to be a component of this polysaccharide.
Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 SY10-01 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), induce dramatic responses in certain patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, most patients who initially respond to these drugs eventually develop progression of disease. We previously reported that in 2 of 5 patients with clinically acquired resistance to either gefitinib or erlotinib and in 1 patient who progressed on adjuvant gefitinib, tumors contained a second site mutation in the kinase domain after progression, in addition to a primary drug-sensitive EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation) (Pao et al, PLoS Med ‘05b). The second site T790M amino acid change is predicted to block binding of drug to the ATP pocket via steric clash resulting from introduction of the bulky methionine residue. We will present updated information on more patients examined for mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs; such patients received gefitinib or erlotinib as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. In addition, we are establishing tetracycline-inducible mouse models of EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas responsive (K Politi, M Zakowski, W Pao, and H Varmus, manuscript in preparation) and resistant to erlotinib. Such animals should be useful for testing new strategies to overcome acquired resistance in the clinic. We acknowledge funding from the Joan's Legacy Foundation, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, NCI K08-CA097980-01A2, and an anonymous donor.
Biosynthesis and Transport of Gangliosides in Peripheral Nerve

For several years after the discovery of gangliosides it was believed that they were restricted to the neuronal cell body and not present in peripheral nerve. This idea was reinforced by the results of relatively insensitive early analytical procedures which were unable to demonstrate gangliosides in peripheral nerve. MacMillan and Wherrett first demonstrated a complex pattern of gangliosides in human sciatic nerve and this has been confirmed for several different species.2–4 The physiological roles of gangliosides are still unknown. However, the finding that exogenously administered gangliosides promote axonal sprouting in regenerating nerve makes it important to determine the sites of synthesis and characteristics of ganglioside transport within nervous tissues.5 We have studied the metabolism and transport of gangliosides in rabbit sciatic nerve using [3H]-glucosamine, a radiolabelled precursor of ganglioside synthesis. In such studies it is imperative to remove acid soluble contaminants from the ganglioside fractions. Therefore, we have also studied the behavior of several such potential contaminants in procedures commonly employed to isolate gangliosides. The results from both of these studies are discussed herein.
Safe passage through the engineering curriculum: guiding subject experts toward integration of communication instruction and outcomes assessment

Industry demands, crowded curricula, tight budgets, new educational technologies, and accreditation directives are relentlessly pushing engineering educators into unfamiliar - sometimes threatening - new frontiers. Frequently, the guide most qualified to guarantee safe passage across this daunting terrain is the technical communication professional. Experienced technical communicators accustomed to thriving on the chaotic borders between subject experts and users, engineering departments and management, old procedures and new technologies are adept at achieving multi-purpose objectives without compromising core requirements. Recent literature reveals that some of the most effective work in achieving adherence to new accreditation standards is occurring at engineering schools with established technical communication leadership. At the University at Buffalo (UB), the State University of New York for example, our Center for Technical Communication (CTC) is working with representatives from five engineering departments to develop strategies for achieving full integration of technical communication instruction within the engineering curriculum. This work, however, looks beyond instructional approaches to examine how technical communication professionals are guiding the institutionalization of effective engineering communication strategies within engineering curricula. Full integration of this core capability promises significant benefits not only to engineering students and their employers, but also to engineering schools seeking improved content mastery, higher retention rates, and higher competitive ranking.
An Algebraic Exploration of Dominating Sets and Vizing's Conjecture

Systems of polynomial equations are commonly used to model combinatorial problems such as independent set, graph coloring, Hamiltonian path, and others. We formulate the dominating set problem as a system of polynomial equations in two different ways: first, as a single, high-degree polynomial, and second as a collection of polynomials based on the complements of domination-critical graphs. We then provide a sufficient criterion for demonstrating that a particular ideal representation is already the universal Grobner bases of an ideal, and show that the second representation of the dominating set ideal in terms of domination-critical graphs is the universal Grobner basis for that ideal. We also present the first algebraic formulation of Vizing's conjecture, and discuss the theoretical and computational ramifications to this conjecture when using either of the two dominating set representations described above.
Cyclin E1 and RTK/RAS signaling drive CDK inhibitor resistance via activation of E2F and ETS

High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are genomically complex, heterogeneous cancers with a high mortality rate, due to acquired chemoresistance and lack of targeted therapy options. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) target the retinoblastoma (RB) signaling network, and have been successfully incorporated into treatment regimens for breast and other cancers. Here, we have compared mechanisms of response and resistance to three CDKi that target either CDK4/6 or CDK2 and abrogate E2F target gene expression. We identify CCNE1 gain and RB1 loss as mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition, whereas receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and RAS signaling is associated with CDK2 inhibitor resistance. Mechanistically, we show that ETS factors are mediators of RTK/RAS signaling that cooperate with E2F in cell cycle progression. Consequently, CDK2 inhibition sensitizes cyclin E1-driven but not RAS-driven ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. In summary, this study outlines a rational approach for incorporating CDKi into treatment regimens for HGSOC.
Behavior of Vaccine Revertants of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus in Ferret Tracheal Organ Culture

A live attenuated influenza vaccine candidate was not genetically stable when administered to some children who lacked antibody to surface proteins of the virus. To obtain additional biological information about these revertants, the vaccine strain, the wild-type parental strain, and isolates recovered from inoculated children during a vaccine trial were evaluated in ferret tracheal organ culture for effects on the ciliated epithelium and replication at both permissive and restrictive temperatures. The studies revealed that the vaccine strain destroyed cilia and replicated to high titer at its permissive temperature (33°) but caused minimal damage and replicated to very low titer at its restrictive temperature (37°C). The wild-type parent destroyed cilia at both 33 and 37°C. Isolates which were no longer temperature sensitive (ts+) destroyed cilia at both restrictive and permissive temperatures and grew to high titer. Isolates which retained the ts phenotype behaved as the vaccine strain in this system. The ts+ virus recovered from volunteers behaved like the wild-type parent, which suggests that these viruses had not merely lost their ts phenotype, but had undergone reversion to wild type. Important information about the genetic stability of temperature-sensitive influenza vaccine strains recovered from volunteers can be obtained by evaluating them in ferret tracheal organ culture.
Roundtable - Invisible Woman: BLACK WOMEN IN POLITICS

This roundtable brings to light what we might already know via anecdotal evidence-the fading recognition of Black Women in political science research. However, it leaves us wondering how do we study Black women? When Black women are the subjects of the research, must they always be compared to other racial/ethnic groups? Which methodologies and methods are better suited for unearthing and explaining Black women's experiences as political and social actors? And, finally what new knowledges are produced when interdisciplinary approaches and unconventional methodologies and methods are employed?Chair: Julia Jordan-Zachery, Providence College (jjordanz@providence.edu)Panelists:Nadia Brown - St. Louis UniversityDuchess Harris - Macalester CollegeNikol Alexander-Floyd - Rutgers University Latonya Williams - Johnson C. Smith University
A novel automated method for measuring the effect of analgesics on formalin-evoked licking behavior in rats

The behavioral assessment of pain is essential for the analysis of pain mechanisms and the evaluation of analgesic drugs. The formalin test is one of such methods widely used as a model of injury-induced pain in rodents. This test is manually demanding and the recording of results is left to the subjectivity of the experimenters. Thus we developed a novel automated method to estimate the pharmacological response in formalin-induced licking behavior in rats using a multicolor detection technique. Two color markers were preliminarily applied to rats-yellow dye on the mouth and fluorescent green tape on the right hind paw. Behaviors of the animals were recorded from both above and below the subject, by a dual-view digital video camera system. After injection with formalin into the hind paw, rats exhibited a biphasic display of licking behavior. Licking time was measured by the sum of frames where the distance between these markers was less than an appropriate threshold of distance (TD). The split-plot analysis of variance demonstrated that the sum of squares of differences in licking time between manual and automated measurement was minimized when TD = 20mm. In addition, frames in which moving velocity of these markers is less than 2.5mm/s was neglected for calculation in order to eliminate sedative effect on the recorded data. On these conditions, subcutaneous administration of morphine in rats dose-dependently decreased formalin-elicited nociceptive responses. These results suggest that under optimal conditions the automated technique when applied to pharmacological studies are more reliable and efficient than if they are manually recorded.
Effects of Flue Gas Components on the Reaction of Ca(OH)2 with SO2

A differential fixed-bed reactor was employed to study the effects of the flue gas components, H2O, CO2, NOX, and O2, on the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and SO2 under conditions similar to those in th...
Sex-specific maternal investment in pronghorn, and the question of a limit on differential provisioning in ungulates

Prediction that mothers will invest more in individual sons than daughters in polygynous mammals has been confirmed in several species. However, among polygynous ungulates, differential investment occurs in some species, but not in others. Because ungulates have postnatal growth rates among the highest in mammals, we hypothesized that level of maternal investment limits the ability of offspring of one sex to evolve faster growth rates, even when intrasexual selection might favor faster growth. We predicted that comparative rate of maternal investment would explain the distribution of differential investment among ungulates, and examined our data on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), which show the highest-known rate of maternal investment among ungulates. Data on birth weights, suckling rates, ages-pecific frequency of maternal termination of suckling bouts, age at weaning, and rate of rejected suckle attempts showed either no sex differences or else a slight excess investment in daughters. In concordance with these data, female fawns spent more energy in activity than did male fawns. Among ungulates for which data are available, the best predictor of differential investment is not degree of adult sexual dimorphism; it is comparative rate of maternal investment.
Role of the dorsal funiculi in movement control.

Abstract We trained monkeys to perform visuomotor tracking tasks in which the target's position was unpredictable, or in which the target jumped from one side of the screen to the other (‘ballistic’). Section of the right dorsal funiculus at C 2 resulted in transient deficits in both tasks, with full recovery of function. Subsequent removal of post-central cortex in the left hemisphere produced a more intense and stable deficit in performance. We conclude that proprioceptive data on limb position and movement must be able to reach motor command structures by pathways paralleling the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system.
Patient-level and practice-level characteristics associated with receipt of preventive dental services: 48-month incidence.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to: (a) quantify the incidence of preventive dental services [in-office fluoride application and dental cleaning (prophylaxis)]; (b) determine if these services are effectively targeted to patients with the highest need; and (c) quantify the role of practice characteristics and patient-level factors in service receipt. METHODS: A population-based prospective cohort study was conducted with 873 adults who had at least one tooth at baseline, 743 of whom provided 48-month data. In-person interviews and clinical examinations were conducted biennially for 48 months, with 6-monthly telephone interviews in between. Dental records were abstracted afterward, and practices that served participants completed questionnaires. Analysis was limited to persons with at least one dental visit of any type during follow-up (87 percent of the sample). RESULTS: Only 9 percent of the persons received at least one fluoride application; 75 percent received a dental cleaning. Persons with high need were actually less likely to have received preventive services. In multivariable regression analyses, characteristics of the practice in which the subject received care were very strongly related to fluoride receipt, independent of patient-specific characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: One preventive procedure was common; the other was uncommon. However, practices did not effectively target high-risk patients for either procedure. Instead, both services were typically received by persons with the least need for them. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that practitioners greatly influenced the delivery of fluoride services, with substantial contributions also made by patient-level predisposing and enabling factors for both preventive services.
Assuming Identities, Enhancing Understanding: Applying Active Learning Principles to Research Projects

This paper describes a pedagogical technique employed for an interdisciplinary course on Cold War America. Students had to ‘become’ a fictional person and discuss how political and social changes during the Cold War era would have impacted that person. By doing a semester-long project that required primary source research, this ‘quasi-experiential’ technique helped students gain a greater appreciation for Cold War culture and a more thorough understanding of the major political events of the era.
Guided-wave polaritons in thin films of the layered compound GaSe

Guided-wave polaritons (GWP) in thin uniaxial crystals of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-GaSe (${D}_{3h}^{1}$) have been studied by means of near-forward Raman scattering. GaSe was chosen as the convenient sample system for this study because it forms a layered compound crystal that can be cleaved into very thin films with varied thickness and smooth surfaces. The samples were prepared from bulk $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-GaSe by cleavage with the crystallographic $c$ axis normal to the plane of the film. The film thickness ($d$) ranged between 2.7 and 6.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m. In a uniaxial crystal, infrared-active phonons propagating along a general direction split into three modes: two branches of extraordinary waves (E${\mathrm{X}}_{1}$ and E${\mathrm{X}}_{2}$ branches) and one branch of ordinary waves (OR branch). The ordinary waves are pure TO phonons which form volume polaritons and GWP. The extraordinary waves are admixtures of TO and LO phonons; thus these waves also form volume polaritons and give rise to GWP in a film geometry. In this work both the mode dispersion and the Raman scattering intensity of GWP and surface polaritons were measured for the infrared- and Raman-active ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mode appearing between \ensuremath{\sim}180 and \ensuremath{\sim}300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The dispersion of the observed surface modes, including the film-thickness dependence, agrees with theory after appropriate adjustments are made for the dielectric function of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-GaSe in the far infrared. The Raman scattering intensity can be fitted with the use of a phenomenological theory based on the bulk Raman tensor. The agreement between the measured and the calculated spectra is very good for thick samples ($d\ensuremath{\ge}5$ \ensuremath{\mu}m). The deviation from the calculated spectra in the thinnest sample (2.7 \ensuremath{\mu}m) can be understood when one takes into account the damping of GWP upon reflections at the surface.