cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Postoperative Fever and Atelectasis in Pediatric Patients

Background: Postoperative fever is common after cardiac surgery. In the absence of documented infection, atelectasis is often suggested as a cause of postoperative fever. However, this link is not well supported by pathophysiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an association exists between atelectasis and postoperative fever in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on consecutive pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass at a single cardiac surgery center from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2009. Postoperative chest radiographs were evaluated and each lung was scored independently for atelectasis. Clinical parameters including the highest daily recorded temperature were noted and compared to atelectasis data. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled; 139 patients (68.5%) had fever at least once during the first 3 postoperative days. The incidence of atelectasis on each day wa...
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Fluoxetine in Geriatric Patients With Major Depression

Depression in the geriatric population is a frequent, serious, and potentially reversible disorder, yet relatively few blinded, controlled, antidepressant trials have been reported. A number of age related issues complicate safe and effective pharmacotherapy. In a 6-week, double-blind trial in moderately to severely depressed (nonpsychotic) outpatients over age 60, fluoxetine (N = 335) was statistically significantly more efficacious than placebo (N = 336) in overall response (43.9% vs. 31.6%, p = .002) and remission (31.6% vs. 18.6%, p < .001) rates. Analyses of early discontinuations because of an adverse drug event revealed no statistically significantly greater rate with fluoxetine (n = 39; 11.6) than was seen with placebo (n = 29; 8.6%). These results corroborate that major depression in an older population is responsive to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Specifically, fluoxetine, at a conventional 20-mg dose, was both safe and effective relative to placebo in this special population.
Development of a Model Osseo-Magnetic Link for Intuitive Rotational Control of Upper-Limb Prostheses

The lack of proprioceptive feedback is a serious deficiency of current prosthetic control systems. The Osseo-Magnetic Link (OML) is a novel humeral or wrist rotation control system that could preserve proprioception. It utilizes a magnet implanted within the residual bone and sensors mounted in the prosthetic socket to detect magnetic field vectors and determine the bone's orientation. This allows the use of volitional bone rotation to control a prosthetic rotator. We evaluated the performance of the OML using a physical model of a transhumeral residual limb. A small Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnet was placed in a model humerus, inside a model upper arm. Four three-axis Hall-effect sensors were mounted on a ring 3 cm distal to the magnet. An optimization algorithm based on Newton's method determined the position and orientation of the magnet within the model humerus under various conditions, including bone translations, interference, and magnet misalignment. The orientation of the model humerus was determined within 3° for rotations centered in the arm; an additional 6 ° error was found for translations 20 mm from center. Adjustments in sensor placement may reduce these errors. The results demonstrate that the OML is a feasible solution for providing prosthesis rotation control while preserving rotational proprioception.
Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of a carbonate platform margin, Exumas, Bahamas

Abstract Detailed field studies of the southern Exuma Cays on the eastern margin of the Great Bahama Bank show a complex history of late Pleistocene island construction. Pleistocene rocks include island core eolianites, overlain at island margins by fossil patch reefs and reef sands, which in turn are overlain by, and/or grade laterally into, talus breccia cones derived from the erosion of island core eolianite at paleo-seacliffs situated at approximately 5–6 m above present mean high tide. Laminated pedogenic calcrete widely caps Pleistocene rocks. Minor zones of penetrative subsurface calcretization, developed in association with root growth, occur along permeable horizons, including: contacts between talus units or crossbed sets, along tension joints, and (possibly) at the Pleistocene reef-eolianite contact. Among Pleistocene eolianite samples studied in thin-section, the relative proportions of ooids-intraclasts+grapestones-skeletal grains-peloids are approximately 48:39:6:7 . Marginal to the Exuma Sound and on the Brigantine Cays, a greater proportion of ooids have peloidal nuclei and cortices with numerous laminae, which may reflect ooid derivation from shelf margin and broad platform interior regions that were characterized by high wave energy during ooid formation. Between these two areas, ooids are more commonly superficial and have cortices with few laminae and nuclei composed of subrounded micrite or pelmicrite intraclasts. Such ooid nuclei are most likely derived from storm erosion of partially cemented seafloor muds. Some skeletal-rich eolianite in this region may reflect local sediment input from platform margin reefs, or may be part of an older(?) stratigraphic unit.
Thermally Induced Coarsening of the Chemically Ordered Domains in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)‐Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics

The effect of different tetravalent octahedral-site substitutions (M4+= Zr, Tb, and Ce) on the stability of the 1:1 chemically ordered phase in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) relaxor ferroelectrics were investigated using X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. In their as-sintered form, all the samples adopted a phase-separated microstructure that consisted of nanosized 1:1 ordered domains dispersed in a disordered matrix. However, after annealing at 1250°C for 24 h, a fully 1:1 ordered microstructure with large domains (>100 nm) was stabilized in 10 mol%-terbium-doped PMN. No ordered-domain coarsening was observed in pure or zirconium-doped PMN, which indicated that the size of the solid-solution additives was critical to stimulating the growth and stability of the 1:1 order. The observation of complete 1:1 order in the terbium-doped system supports the “random-site” model description of the Pb(β′1/2β″1/2)O3 structure. This model also can be used to explain the insensitivity of the diffuse frequency-dependent dielectric properties to the size of the chemically ordered domains.
High-speed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of the common phosphorylated nucleosides

A high-speed separation of the mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated common ribonucleosides has been explored using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). Retention behavior in terms of electroosmotic flow, peak capacity (to/tmc) and resolution can be manipulated by the choice of surfactant type and the concentration in the buffer phase. The relative effects of an anionic surfactant, SDS, and two cationic surfactants, DTAB and HTAB, were explored and optimized to produce an effective separation of the solutes.
Large eddy simulation of heated vertical annular pipe flow in fully developed turbulent mixed convection

Abstract The goal of the present study was to perform a large eddy simulation of vertical turbulent annular pipe flow under conditions in which fluid properties vary significantly, and to investigate the effects of buoyancy on the turbulent structures and transport. Isoflux wall boundary conditions with low and high heating are imposed. The compressible filtered Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a second order accurate finite volume method. Low Mach number preconditioning is used to enable the compressible code to work efficiently at low Mach numbers. A dynamic subgrid-scale stress model accounts for the subgrid-scale turbulence. Comparisons were made with available experimental data. The results showed that the strong heating and buoyant force caused distortions of the flow structure resulting in reduction of turbulent intensities, shear stress, and turbulent heat flux, particularly near the wall.
Cyanoacrylate glue prevents early bleeding of the exit site after CVC or PICC placement

Early bleeding from the exit site after CVC or PICC placement is a very common event that causes difficulties in the patient's care and logistical problems. In our experience, the rate of significant local bleeding after placement of PICCs without reverse tapering may be as high as 40% at 1 hour and 15% at 24 hours, while the rate of bleeding after placement of a large-bore dialysis catheter is above 50% at 1 hour.
Excitatory amino acid receptors in the Xenopus oocyte expression system.

The excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors are neurotransmitter receptors responsive to glutamate, aspartate, and perhaps also to homocysteate or related compounds (Fonnum, 1984; Do et al., 1986). Although the nomenclature is still somewhat unsettled, electrophysiologists have identified at least two EAA receptors, namely the well-known N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and a less well characterized “non-NMDA” receptor that can be powerfully activated by kainic acid and (RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA). A third receptor, stimulated by glutamate, quisqualate and ibotenate, is linked via a G-protein to the activation of phospholipase C and consequent generation of the second messenger, inositol tnsphosphate (Sugiyama et al., 1987). Due to their speed of activation (within millisec of applying agonist, e.g., Benveniste et al., 1990), the NMDA and non-NMDA receptors are thought to be receptor-channel complexes similar in architecture to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; i.e., all ligand binding sites and ion permeation pathways are thought to reside within the same macromolecular complex. The discussion that follows focuses on these two receptor-channel complexes.
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: An update beyond oxidative stress and myocardial cell death

The clinical use of doxorubicin is limited by the total cumulative dose due to its dose-related cardiac toxicities. Clinical manifestation of doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity may be presented in forms of arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or congestive heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the cardiac muscles are damaged, leading to cardiac dysfunctions. Mechanistically, the damage of cardiomyocytes is believed to be mediated primarily by oxidative stress. Cardiac mitochondrial damage is evident within a few hours following exposure to doxorubicin. When cardiomyocytes are chronically exposed to doxorubicin, the damages are even more pronounced. In animal models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, lacking multidrug-resistance associated protein 1 intensifies damage of the cardiac nuclei and causes more severe left ventricular dysfunction. It appears that cardiac tissue damage induced by doxorubicin is not confined to cardiomyocytes; endothelial cells are affected by doxorubicin as well. Current evidence has indicated that there is a cross-talk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this article is to briefly review and update the current findings associated with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
Metal‐specific control of gene expression mediated by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mur and Escherichia coli Fur is determined by the cellular context

Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mur and Escherichia coli Fur are manganese- and iron-responsive transcriptional regulators, respectively, that belong to the same protein family. Here, we show that neither Mur nor Fur discriminate between Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) in vitro nor is there a metal preference for conferral of DNA-binding activity on the purified proteins. When expressed in E. coli, B. japonicum Mur responded to iron, but not manganese, as determined by in vivo promoter occupancy and transcriptional repression activity. Moreover, E. coli Fur activity was manganese-dependent in B. japonicum. Total and chelatable iron levels were higher in E. coli than in B. japonicum under identical growth conditions, and Mur responded to iron in a B. japonicum iron export mutant that accumulated high levels of the metal. However, elevated manganese content in E. coli did not confer activity on Fur or Mur, suggesting a regulatory pool of manganese in B. japonicum that is absent in E. coli. We conclude that the metal selectivity of Mur and Fur depends on the cellular context in which they function, not on intrinsic properties of the proteins. Also, the novel iron sensing mechanism found in the rhizobia may be an evolutionary adaptation to the cellular manganese status.
Induction docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil precludes definitive chemoradiotherapy in a substantial proportion of patients with head and neck cancer in a low socioeconomic status population.

Objectives:In this retrospective study we evaluate the tolerability and outcomes after induction chemotherapy for patients with predominately low socioeconomic status (SES) with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC).Methods:One hundred eighteen patients with LAHNC of the hypopharynx, larynx,
HEMODYNAMIC BASIS OF NOREPINEPHRINE SHOCK.

SummaryDuring prolonged (2-hour) nor-epinephrine infusion in the dog, the pressor response became less, cardiac output fell, and central venous pressure tended to rise. The loss of pressor responsiveness probably resulted from decreasing myocardial function.
The Effect of Low Oxygen During the Early Phases of Sperm Freezing in Stallions With Low Progressive Motility: Can We Improve Post-Thaw Motility of Stallion Sperm?

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oxygen removal in minimizing oxidative stress to improve fertile longevity of equine spermatozoa. Stallion ejaculates (n = 6) were treated with increasing doses of the oxygen scavenger Oxyrase (0.6 U/mL, 1.2 U/mL, 2.4 U/mL, and 5.0 U/mL). Samples were cryopreserved, thawed, and analyzed for motility over 24 hours at ambient temperature. These data suggest a role of excessive oxygen in the reduced motility of cryopreserved samples as 2.4 U/mL Oxyrase minimized the loss of post-thaw motility over the other doses and control treatments. Oxygen, a key component of reactive oxygen species generation, is directly involved in oxidative damage, and its removal may trigger metabolic changes that are more suited for post-thaw motility maintenance. Removal of oxygen from semen before cryopreservation may promote increased post-thaw fertility and may have the potential to overcome stallion variability in cryosurvival.
Chemoproteomics Demonstrates Target Engagement and Exquisite Selectivity of the Clinical Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor MP-10 in Its Native Environment

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the levels of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP and are important drug targets. PDE10A is highly enriched in medium spiny neurons of the striatum and is an attractive drug target for the treatment of basal ganglia diseases like schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and application of a variety of chemical biology probes, based on the first clinically tested PDE10A inhibitor MP-10, which were used to characterize the chemoproteomic profile of the clinical candidate in its native environment. A clickable photoaffinity probe was used to measure target engagement of MP-10 and revealed differences between whole cell and membrane preparations. Moreover, our results illustrate the importance of the linker design in the creation of functional probes. Biotinylated affinity probes allowed identification of drug-interaction partners in rodent and human tissue and quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed highly...
Adsorption of Trimethyl Phosphite at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface by Nucleophilic Reaction

Although phosphorus adsorption on semiconductors has potential applications in sensors, adhesion promoters, wear-resistant coatings, and monolayer doping for ultrashallow junction transistors, it has been the subject of few studies. Adsorption of trimethyl phosphite at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface is studied in this work by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Trimethyl phosphite adsorbs by dissociation of a methoxy C–O bond, forming dimethyl germylphosphonate and methyl species at the surface. These results demonstrate a method for formation of covalent Ge–P bonds at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface by reaction of a P–O–R group, which is common to many phosphorus-containing functional groups. Moreover, this reaction is directly analogous to several known reactions of trialkyl phosphites in solution showing that the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface can mimic nucleophilic/electrophilic molecular reactants in organophosphorus chemistry. By showing...
Analysis of Clustering of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective To retrospectively analyze the successful control of clustering of upper respiratory tract in-fection in 2008,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of similar event.Methods The analysis was conducted on the epidemiological,clinical and laboratory detection data according to 'Influenza Like Illness Out Break Reporting and Response Guidance' by the Ministry of Health.Results The outbreak lasted for 20 days.The main symptom of the patients included high fever,cough and pharyngalgia.Routine blood test indicated that total white cell count increased in 6 cases(10.8×109/L-20.5×109/L),the percentage of neutrophil increased in 3 cases(up to 90.3%);bacteriological test indicated that Streptococcus viridans was detected in 5 cases,Micrococcus scarlatinae was detected in 1 case.The viral test indicated that seasonal influenza and avian influenza were excluded for 5 cases.All the cases recovered and no secondary cases occurred among contacts.Conclusion The outbreak was caused by Streptococcus viridans and micrococcus scarlatinae infection.It is effective to control the epidemic by taking comprehensive measures which included treatment,contact observation,symptom monitoring,health education and disinfection.
Analysis on sanitary conditions of drinking water in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City

[Objective]To understand the sanitary conditions of drinking water in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City,provide the basis for improving the drinking water quality.[Methods]The water samples were collected and detected according to the Standard examination methods for drinking water( GB /T 5750-2006),and were evaluated according to the Drinking water sanitary standard( GB/T 5749-2006).[Results]A total of 1503 water samples were detected during 2009-2012,and 1107 were qualified with the qualified rate of 73. 65%. The annual qualified rate was respectively 76. 66%,75. 15%,70. 78% and 70. 90%,and the difference was not statistically significant( χ2= 4. 844,P 0. 05). The qualified rate of peripheral water was the highest( 87. 31%),followed by secondary water supply( 77. 20%),deep well water( 57. 67%),product water( 51. 69%),mountain spring water(41.67%) and source water(31.96%),and the difference was not statistically significant( χ2= 219. 3,P 0. 01). As for the monitored items,the qualified rates in a descending sort were as follows: ammonia and nitrogen( 67. 48%),pH value(80.34 %),total bacterial count( 84. 30%),manganese( 92. 98%),total coliform bacteria colony( 93. 41%),turbidity(93.45%),free residual chlorine(93.70%). The qualified rates of other items were between 95% and 100%.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of drinking water is low in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City,and the unqualified items are mainly the ammonia and nitrogen,pH value,manganese,total bacterial count,turbidity and free residual chlorine. In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the health monitoring,and focus on protection and governance of source to improve the drinking water quality.
Nerve Stimulation Enhances Task-Oriented Training in Chronic, Severe Motor Deficit After Stroke: A Randomized Trial.

Background and Purpose— A sensory-based intervention called peripheral nerve stimulation can enhance outcomes of motor training for stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate hemiparesis. Further research is needed to establish whether this paired intervention can have benefit in cases of severe impairment (almost no active movement). Methods— Subjects with chronic, severe poststroke hemiparesis (n=36) were randomized to receive 10 daily sessions of either active or sham stimulation (2 hours) immediately preceding intensive task-oriented training (4 hours). Upper extremity movement function was assessed using Fugl–Meyer Assessment (primary outcome measure), Wolf Motor Function Test, and Action Research Arm Test at baseline, immediately post intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Results— Statistically significant difference between groups favored the active stimulation group on Fugl–Meyer at postintervention (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–6.9; P =0.008) and 1-month follow-up (95% CI, 0.6–8.3; P =0.025), Wolf Motor Function Test at postintervention (95% CI, −0.21 to −0.02; P =0.020), and Action Research Arm Test at postintervention (95% CI, 0.8–7.3; P =0.015) and 1-month follow-up (95% CI, 0.6–8.4; P =0.025). Only the active stimulation condition was associated with (1) statistically significant within-group benefit on all outcomes at 1-month follow-up and (2) improvement exceeding minimal detectable change, as well as minimal clinically significant difference, on ≥1 outcomes at ≥1 time points after intervention. Conclusions— After stroke, active peripheral nerve stimulation paired with intensive task–oriented training can effect significant improvement in severely impaired upper extremity movement function. Further confirmatory studies that consider a larger group, as well as longer follow-up, are needed. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT02633215][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT02633215&atom=%2Fstrokeaha%2F47%2F7%2F1879.atom
Virus-Delivered RNA Interference in Mouse Brain to Study Addiction-Related Behaviors

The use of viral vectors for gene transfer to specific brain regions is a powerful tool for determining gene function in mouse behavioral models. We have employed a lentiviral vector to deliver small-hairpin RNAs to areas of mouse brain implicated in behaviors relevant to drug addiction, such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Delivery of virus expressing small-hairpin RNAs results in sustained target gene knockdown by RNA interference. Mice can subsequently be tested for behavioral responses to various drugs of abuse over the course of several weeks or months. Here we describe a method for stereotaxic delivery of lentivirus to mouse brain. This method is widely applicable to any behavioral experiment in which the role of a specific gene in a particular brain region is to be elucidated.
The Predictive Significance of Substaging Stage A Prostate Cancer (A1 Versus A2) for Volume and Grade of Total Cancer in the Prostate

AbstractMorphometric analysis was performed on 44 radical prostatectomy specimens for clinical stages A1 and A2 carcinoma of the prostate. The majority of stage A cancers (86%) were located in the transition zone of the prostate, while only 14% arose in the peripheral zone. The subclassification into stages A1 and A2 based on the percentage of cancer in the transurethral resection chips did not reliably distinguish those cancers of high volume (transurethral resection plus residual). All 6 cases with Gleason grade 4 elements in the transurethral resection chips had relatively high volume cancer.In 32 of the 44 cases (73%) unsuspected cancers unrelated to the tumor detected at transurethral resection were found in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Of these cancers 87% were nontransition zone tumors. Eight unsuspected cancers were larger than the stage A cancer but only 2 of them were larger than 1cc. Post-resection serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were elevated with increasing total residual ...
Summary, Conclusions, and Future Prospects

In this chapter, the work that has been reviewed in this monograph is summarized briefly. Several general conclusions are drawn regarding appropriate choices of spectral models and RTE solution methods, and on the importance of TRI in turbulent combustion. Finally, important remaining open questions are noted, and possible future directions for advanced radiation modeling are proposed.
Tracking the timing of subduction and exhumation using 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages in blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks (Sivrihisar, Turkey)

Geochronologic studies of high-pressure/low-temperature rocks can be used to determine the timing and rates of burial and exhumation in subduction zones by dating different stages of the pressure–temperature history. In this study, we present new in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages from a suite of lawsonite blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks representing different protoliths (metabasalt, metasediment), different structural levels (within and outside of a high-strain zone), and different textural positions (eclogite pod core vs. margin) to understand the timing of these events in an exhumed Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (Sivrihisar Massif, Tavsanli Zone, Turkey). Weighted mean in situ 40Ar/39Ar ages of phengite from the cores of lawsonite eclogite pods (90–93 Ma) are distinctly older than phengite from retrogressed, epidote eclogite (82 ± 2 Ma). These ages are interpreted as the age of peak and retrograde metamorphism, respectively. Eclogite records the narrowest range of ages (10–14 m.y.) of any rock type analyzed. Transitional eclogite- and blueschist-facies assemblages and glaucophane-rimmed lawsonite + garnet + phengite veins from eclogite pod margins record a much wider age range of 40Ar/39Ar ages (~20 m.y.) with weighted mean ages of ~91 Ma. Blueschists and quartzites record more variable 40Ar/39Ar ages that may in part be related to structural position: samples within a high-strain zone at the tectonic contact of the HP rocks with a meta-ultramafic unit have in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of 84.0 ± 1.3–103.7 ± 3.1 Ma, whereas samples outside this zone range to older ages (84.6 ± 2.4–116.7 ± 2.7 Ma) and record a greater age range (22–38 m.y.). The phengite ages can be correlated with the preservation of HP mineral assemblages and fabrics as well as the effects of deformation. Collectively, these results show that high-spatial resolution UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar phengite data, when considered in a petrologic and structural context, may document prograde (burial) and retrograde (exhumation) stages of subduction metamorphism.
Regulation of in Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

The regulation of mitochondrial respiration in vivo is designed to maintain a supply of cellular ATP under conditions for which its hydrolysis is sufficiently energetic to do the required metabolic work. In vivo, various metabolic pathways in the mitochondrial matrix (citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, etc.) contain dehydrogenases, which catalyze the transfer of reducing equivalents from substrates to NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then reoxidized by the respiratory chain, serving as the source of the reducing equivalents that reduce molecular oxygen to water. The amounts of NADH and FADH2 available to the respiratory chain are determined by the metabolic pathways being utilized, but in general, NADH provides most of the total reducing equivalents. Metabolic regulation ensures that these equivalents (NAD couple) are available at a relatively constant oxidation-reduction potential (from −240 mV to −280 mV depending on cell type and metabolic status). This differs markedly from the conditions normally utilized for evaluation of the regulation of mitochondrial functions in suspensions of isolated mitochondria. In the latter case, reducing substrate is added in excess and the potential of the NAD couple can be as negative as −350 mV. This is one of the reasons care must be exercised in extrapolating from in vitro measurements to in vivo function.
Graphotactics and spelling: Evidence from consonant doubling

Abstract Choosing between alternative spellings for sounds can be difficult for even experienced spellers. We examined the factors that influence adults’ choices in one such case: single- versus double-letter spellings of medial consonants in English. The major systematic influence on the choice between medial singletons and doublets has been thought to be phonological context: whether the preceding vowel is phonologically long or short. With phonological context equated, we found influences of graphotactic context—both the number of letters in the spelling of the vowel and the spelling sequence following the medial consonant—in adults’ spelling of nonwords and in the English vocabulary itself. Existing models of the spelling process do not include a mechanism by which the letters that are selected for one phoneme can influence the choice of spellings for another phoneme and thus require modification in order to explain the present results.
Process control model for growth rate of molecular beam epitaxy of MgO (111) nanoscale thin films on 6H-SiC (0001) substrates

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a good candidate for an interface layer in multifunctional metal-oxide nanoscale thin-film heterostructures due to its high breakdown field and compatibility with complex oxides through O bonding. In this research, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is used to deposit 10 nm to 15 nm MgO single-crystal films on silicon carbide with hexagonal polytype 6H (6H-SiC) to serve as an interface layer for effective integration of functional oxides. In this work, the effect of MBE process control variables on the growth rate of the MgO film measured in nanometers per minute is investigated. Experiments are conducted at various process conditions and the resulting MgO film growth rate at each combination of process conditions is measured. The process control variables studied are the substrate temperature (100 °C – 300 °C), magnesium source temperature (328 °C – 350 °C), plasma intensity (0 mV – 550 mV), and percentage oxygen on the starting surface of 6H-SiC substrate (9 % – 13 %) after the substrate is prepared by high-temperature hydrogen etching. The film thickness is computed using the effective attenuation length (EAL) of silicon photoelectron peak intensity as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The film thickness is converted to growth rate by dividing it with the duration of film growth. Using the experimental data, a neural network model is developed to estimate growth rate for any given process variable combination. From this neural network model, multiple replications of data were generated to conduct a 3-level full factorial design of experiments and response surface-based analysis. The study reveals that the plasma intensity has the most significant influence on growth rate. The results indicate that growth rate is relatively low on high-quality substrates with √3 × √3 R30° reconstructed 6H-SiC (0001) surface with optimum oxygen content (approximately 10 %); in contrast, the growth rate is relatively high on substrates with high surface roughness and excessive oxygen on the starting substrate surface.
The ESSA in Indian Country: Problematizing Self-Determination Through the Relationships Between Federal, State, and Tribal Governments:

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to (a) analyze the potential effects of the new relationship between state and federal governments on tribal sovereignty and self-determination and (b) probl...
A Miniature Acoustic Device for Tracking Small Marine Animals or Submerged Drifters

AbstractThis paper presents an acoustic archival tag capable of tracking small marine animals. It is also a technology that can be ported to other platforms, such as the next-generation acoustic and Argo floats as well as gliders. Tracking is achieved by standard RAFOS triangulation using the arrival times of unique sound signals emitted by moored sources. At the core of the tag is a custom microchip that controls all system operations. It incorporates the critical acoustic arrival time detector, a thermal sensor, and a pressure sensor interface. All the electronic components are housed inside a cylindrical hydrophone of 25.4-mm length and 10.7-mm diameter. The collected data are archived in nonvolatile memory chips with a total capacity of 4 Mb, sufficient storage to record position, temperature, and pressure on an hourly basis for 2 years. The tag consumes 4–5 μW in standby mode and between 60 and 90 μW while the sound arrival time detector is in operation. The power is provided by two button cell silve...
Sex Differences in HIV Infection

Purpose of Review This review will outline the multilevel effects of biological sex on HIV acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment response, and prospects for cure. Potential mechanisms will be discussed along with future research directions.
Opioid Prescription Patterns Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

This cross-sectional analysis quantifies the use of opioid analgesics among patients with head and neck cancer and compares this with use among patients with lung or colon cancer.
Institutional Requisites for Efficient Water Markets

Efficient water use is critical to the economic well-being of many regions and countries around the world. In many cases, technical approaches to expanding water resources are not economically or politically viable. Increasingly, policy makers and water managers are looking to institutional innovation, in general, and water markets, in particular, as a means to achieve economic and environmental goals.
Justice, Values, and Social Science

Reviewing contemporary social science research literature and participating in recent meetings and discussions of social policy with regard to law and criminal justice, I have experienced a gnawing feeling of discomfort and disillusionment. As I have attempted to pin down the source of my emotional reaction, I have come to recognize that most of the research and theorizing perpetuates the status quo. Specifically, it seems to do little more than reify existing legal and criminal justice policies, practices, and inherent values. Often the process is both insidious and unwitting. This chapter is an initial effort to understand the nature of that process by unraveling its intertwining elements.
Educating Tomorrow’s Teaching Practitioners

Creighton University is a Jesuit university, rooted in the Catholic tradition, located in Omaha, Nebraska. It is a complex institution, with a broad range of professional education programs that brings together on one campus nine different undergraduate, graduate and professional schools. Despite the complexity, there is a rich tradition of faculty collaboration and interprofessional engagement. This is particularly true within the health professions programs. In 2005, associate deans for education from the Schools of Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy and Health Professions, along with the Director of Medical Education Development and Assessment from the School of Medicine, convened to explore the possibility of a collaborative faculty development opportunity.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Detection of Myocardial Scarring in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Correlation With Histopathology and Prevalence of Ventricular Tachycardia

Objectives In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients undergoing surgical myectomy, we sought to determine the association between pre-operative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings, small intramural coronary arteriole dysplasia (SICAD) on histopathology, and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Background Myocardial scarring (fibrosis) and SICAD are frequently observed on histopathology in HCM patients. CMR measures wall thickness and detects scar. Methods Sixty symptomatic HCM patients (62% men; mean age 51 ± 14 years), with preserved ejection fraction (mean 64 ± 5%) and no angiographic coronary disease underwent CMR (cine and delayed post-contrast) using a Siemens 1.5 T scanner, followed by septal myectomy. Maximal basal septal thickness was recorded on cine CMR. Scar was determined (percentage of total myocardium) on delayed post-contrast CMR images and quantified as none, mild (0% to 25%), moderate (26% to 50%), or severe (>50%). VT was assessed using Holter monitoring. Degree of SICAD was determined (normal, mild, moderate, and severe) on histopathology of surgical specimen. Results SICAD and scar were seen in 45 (75%) and 38 (63%) patients, respectively. In 15 patients without SICAD, 12 (80%) had no scar; 23 (70%) patients with mild SICAD had mild scar on CMR. On multivariate analysis, degree of SICAD was independently associated with scar on CMR (Wald chi-square statistic: 6.8, p Conclusions A strong association exists between degree of SICAD and myocardial scarring seen on CMR.
Cell-based logic optimization

This chapter surveys techniques for library binding in semicustom technologies. Library binding is the back-end of logic synthesis, and constructs an interconnection of cell instances from a given library, starting from a multi-level logic network. Emphasis is placed on the algorithmic approach to library binding, with particular reference to covering and matching techniques.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Central Early-Stage NSCLC: Results of a Prospective Phase I/II Trial

Abstract Introduction We report results from a prospective phase I/II trial for patients with centrally located, early-stage NSCLC receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy. Methods Eligible patients were medically inoperable with biopsy-proven NSCLC within 2 cm of the proximal bronchial tree or 5 mm of the mediastinal pleura or parietal pericardium. Phase I had four dose levels using 5 fractions: 9, 10, 11, and 12 Gy per fraction. The primary phase II objective was to determine if the maximum tolerated dose in phase I achieved local control greater than 80% at 2 years. Results Seventy-four patients were enrolled; 23 to phase I and 51 to phase II. Two phase I patients treated with 10 Gy × 5 fractions developed unrelated acute grade 3 lung toxicities which resolved. The phase II dose level selected was 11 Gy × 5 fractions. The median follow-up for living phase II patients was 27 months (range, 9 to 58 months). Two-year local control using 11 Gy × 5 fractions was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 62%–95%). Two-year overall survival was 43% (95% CI: 28%–57%). Three patients (6%, 95% CI: 1%–17%) experienced acute grade 3 and 4 cardiac or pulmonary toxicities. Of the 41 patients evaluable for late cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, 11 (27%, 95% CI: 14%–43%) developed grade 3, 5 (12%, 95% CI: 4%–26%) developed grade 4, and 1 (4%, 95% CI: 0%–13%) died of grade 5 toxicity. Conclusion Stereotactic body radiation therapy for central NSCLC using 11 Gy × 5 fractions is tolerable and has excellent local control, but is associated severe late toxicity in some patients.
Almost Like a Real Band: Navigating a Gendered Jazz Art World

Professional jazz has been organized around two contradictory cultures. Historically, the jazz art world has followed norms of meritocracy, which promote equality across boundaries of race and class. At the same time a culture of exclusivity, anchored in gendered essentialism, has severely limited female participation. By analyzing interview data with artists from the Hamilton College Jazz Archive, we illustrate how these contradictory cultures of inclusion and exclusion operate to channel women into feminized roles in the jazz world. We then discuss how women employ a number of strategies to work around the culture of exclusivity and capitalize on the norms and values of musical meritocracy. Despite institutional openings in professional jazz that emerged following the women’s movement, female jazz artists continue to face strong barriers toward full equality in the jazz world. Although female artists consistently demonstrate that they possess equal musical skills to male musicians according to the norms of meritocracy that guide professional jazz, women remain on the margins of the jazz art world.
Frequency Comb Generation from Laser Diodes

We theoretically and experimentally study single-section InGaAsP/InP quantum-well diode lasers for frequency comb generation at 1.5 μm and 1.3 μm wavelengths. Their optical and RF spectra are measured and analyzed.
Minocycline and Silver Dual-Loaded Polyphosphoester-Based Nanoparticles for Treatment of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been detected in the lungs of ∼50% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), including 20% of adult CF patients. The majority of these adult patients harbor multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, limiting the available treatment options. Silver has long been used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with a low incidence of resistance. Despite low toxicity, poor availability of silver cations mandates a high dosage to effectively eradicate infections. To address this shortcoming of silver, nanoparticles have been used as delivery devices to improve treatment outcomes. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that synergistic combinations with careful dose calibrations and efficient delivery systems result in superior antimicrobial activity while avoiding potential side effects of both therapeutics. Here 4-epi-minocycline, a metabolite of minocycline, was identified as an active antimicrobial against P. aeruginosa using a high-throughput screen. The antimicrobial activities of 4-epi-minocycline, minocycline, and silver acetate against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from CF patients were evaluated in vitro. Next, the synergistic activity of the silver/minocycline combination against P. aeruginosa isolates was investigated using checkerboard assays and identified with end-point colony forming unit determination assays. Finally, nanoparticles coloaded with minocycline and silver were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. The results demonstrated that both silver and minocycline are potent antimicrobials alone and that the combination allows a reduced dosage of both therapeutics to achieve the same antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, the proposed synergistic silver/minocycline combination can be coloaded into nanoparticles as a next-generation antibiotic to combat the threats presented by MDR pathogens.
A Floating-Piston Hydrostatic Linear Actuator and Remote-Direct-Drive 2-DOF Gripper

Dexterous, serial-chain motor-driven robotic arms have high moving mass, since most of the actuators must be located in the arm itself. This necessitates high gear ratios, sacrificing passive compliance, backdrivability, and the capacity for delicate motion. We introduce the concept of a remote direct-drive (RDD) manipulator, in which every motor is located in the base, connected to remote joints via a low-friction hydrostatic transmission. We have designed a new hydrostatic linear actuator with a fully-floating piston; the piston floats within the cylinder using a pair of soft fiber-elastomer rolling-diaphragm seals. This eliminates static friction from seal rubbing and piston/rod misalignment. Actuators were developed with a 20mm bore, weighing 55 grams each with a 400:1 bidirectional strength-to-weight ratio $( + /-230\mathrm {N}$), which drive a 2-DOF manipulator (wrist pitch/finger pinch; 120-degree range-of-motion; 6.6 Nm max grip strength). The gripper is hydrostatically coupled to remotely-located direct-drive/backdrivable brushless electric motors. System hysteresis and friction are 1 percent of full-range force. This low-mass low-friction configuration is of great interest for powered prosthetic hand design, and passively-safe high dynamic range robot arms.
1005 - THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PERI-ARTERIOLAR NICHE FOR LYMPHOID PROGENITORS AND OSTEOGENIC PROGENITORS IN THE BONE MARROW

Leptin Receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells in adult bone marrow are highly enriched for skeletal stem cells and are the main source of osteoblasts and adipocytes in addition to SCF and Cxcl12 for HSC maintenance (Nature 481:457; Nature 495:231; Cell Stem Cell 15:154). We discovered that a subset of these cells produce a previously uncharacterized bone-forming growth factor, Clec11a/Osteolectin, which promotes the osteogenic differentiation of LepR+ cells and is required for the maintenance of adult skeletal bone mass (eLife 5:e18782). Osteolectin promotes osteogenic differentiation by binding to a11b1 integrin and promoting Wnt pathway activation (eLife 8:e42274). To test if Osteolectin expression could help resolve some of the heterogeneity among LepR+ cells in vivo, we generated a knock-in tdTomato reporter. We found that Osteolectin was exclusively expressed by peri-arteriolar LepR+ cells. The Osteolectin+ cells expressed osteogenic genes while the Osteolectin− cells expressed adipogenic genes. Fate mapping showed that the Osteolectin+ cells gave rise to osteoblasts but not adipocytes in vivo. Conditional deletion of Scf in Osteolectin+ cells did not affect the frequency or function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or most restricted hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, consistent with our observation that most HSCs and restricted progenitors are associated with sinusoidal blood vessels (Nature 526:126; Cell Stem Cell 24:477); however, common lymphoid progenitors were depleted. This suggests the existence of a peri-arteriolar niche for a subset of lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow. HSCs are maintained primarily in peri-sinusoidal niches while lymphoid progenitors are maintained in peri-arteriolar and endosteal niches.
Negative prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor copy number gain in young adults with isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma.

Young adults with isocitrate-dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-WT) glioblastoma (GBM) represent a rare, understudied population compared to pediatric high-grade glioma, IDH-mutant GBM, or IDH-WT GBM in older patients. We aimed to explore the prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor copy number gain (EGFR CN gain), one of the most common genetic alterations in IDH-WT glioma, in young adults with IDH-WT GBM. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients 18–45 years old with newly diagnosed, IDH-WT GBM whose tumors underwent next-generation sequencing at our institution between 2014 and 2018. The impact of EGFR CN gain on time to tumor progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. A validation cohort of patients 18–45 years old with IDH-WT GBM was analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Ten of 28 patients (36%) from our institution had EGFR CN gain, which was associated with shorter TTP (median 6.5 vs. 11.9 months; p = 0.06) and OS (median 16.3 vs. 23.5 months; p = 0.047). The negative prognostic impact of EGFR CN gain on OS persisted in a multivariate model (HR 6.40, 95% CI 1.3–31.0, p = 0.02). In the TCGA cohort (N = 43), EGFR CN gain was associated with shorter TTP and worse OS, although these did not reach statistical significance (TTP, median 11.5 vs. 14.4 months, p = 0.18; OS, median 23.6 vs. 27.8 months; p = 0.18). EGFR CN gain may be associated with inferior outcomes in young adults with newly diagnosed, IDH-WT GBM, suggesting a potential role for targeting EGFR in this population.
Kidney Transplant Candidate Showing Presence of Pre-formed Donor-Specific Antibodies Against a Prospective Living Donor

Routine pre-transplantation HLA workup on a transplant candidate includes at least an initial HLA typing and anti-HLA-antibody screening Presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA) or antibodies directed against the donor HLA type can only be ascertained once a potential donor is identified Main concern is that the presence of DSA can result in poor outcomes including poor graft function and acute antibody-mediated rejection Not all anti-HLA antibodies are clinically relevant. Exposure of otherwise “non-exposed epitopes” in the HLA reagents, or presence of anti-HLA antibodies below threshold of reaction are some instances Performing a “physical crossmatch” can ultimately answer the question of compatibility. This remains the “gold-standard” in most situations