cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal network analysis of emerging technologies: Topic transition in World Wide Web (WWW) conferences

This paper proposes the use of temporal network analysis of conference sessions to examine the evolutionary process of emerging technologies as significant information for strategic R&D decision-making. This study examines the emerging processes of rapidly growing web-based technologies by analyzing World Wide Web (WWW) conferences over the latest decade. Temporal networks are demonstrated through scientific and technical streams relating Social Network and Monetization. In particular, the transition from E-community in 2006 to Social Networks in 2008 strongly affects later research. Monetization originates from the Auction and E-Commerce session in 2002 and is derived from Advertisements & Click Estimation and Sponsored Search. The conference session titles can be considered as conceptualized meta-knowledge created by the scientific community. The proposed method has the advantage of not requiring any prior knowledge in conceptualization compared to bottom-up clustering techniques used in citation analysis and text mining.
Results of aggressive treatment of gastric sarcoma.

Background: Leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoblastoma are subtypes of gastric smooth muscle tumors. These rare tumors are usually treated with surgical resection. However, there is controversy regarding the optimal surgical management for these malignancies and little information is available on the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative setting.
Scheduling in buffered WDM packet switching networks with arbitrary wavelength conversion capability

Optical networking is a promising candidate for high-speed communication networks because of its huge bandwidth. In this paper we study optimal scheduling in buffered WDM packet switching networks with arbitrary wavelength conversion ability. We focus on limited range wavelength conversion while considering full range wavelength conversion as a special case of it. We formalize the problem of maximizing network throughput and minimizing total delay in such a network as finding an optimal matching in a weighted bipartite graph. We then give a simple and fast algorithm called the scan and swap algorithm that solves the problem in O(kB/sup 2/) time, where k is the number of wavelengths per fiber and B is the buffer length, as compared to other existing algorithms that need at least O(k/sup 2/B/sup 2/ + k/sup 2/BN) time where N is the number of input fibers.
Experiment of Falling Cylinder Through the Water Column

Hydrodynamic features of a falling cylinder into the water column are investigated experimentally. The experiment consisted of dropping three cylinders of various lengths into a pool where the trajectories were filmed from two angles. The controlled parameters are cylinders physical parameters (length to diameter ratio, center of mass location), and initial drop conditions (initial velocity, and drop angle). Six trajectory patterns (straight, spiral, flip, flat, seesaw, combination) are detected during the experiment. The center of mass position has the largest influence on the trajectory of cylinders. The observed motion of cylinders is well simulated using a numerical model based on the momentum and moment of momentum balances using triple coordinate transform. � 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Separation of subtypes of depression using discriminant analysis : Separation of bipolar endogenous depression from nonendogenous ("Neurotic") depression

Abstract We derived a discriminant function separating patients with bipolar endogenous depression (“melancholia”) from patients with nonendogenous (“neurotic”) depression, and showed that the difference between the groups was not one of overall severity of illness alone. The discriminant function (DF) included 5 clinical items. We reduced the DF to a discriminant index (DI) with integral item weights, and trichotomized the DI scores into two definite classifications and an intermediate, uncertain classification. We cross-validated this DI in a separate group of patients, and found no decrease in the accuracy of classification on cross-validation. Thirty-three of 41 (80%) of the patients in the cross-validation group were classified by the DI; 26 of 33 (79%) correctly. We also validated the DI classification against an external, biological marker, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The DI predicted the DST result with the same accuracy as the clinical diagnoses did, supporting the validity of the DI.
ETAQA: an efficient technique for the analysis of QBD-processes by aggregation

Abstract In this paper we present ETAQA, an Efficient Technique for the Analysis of QBD-processes by Aggregation. We concentrate on procyesses satisfying a particular repetitive structure that frequently occurs in modeling of computer and communication systems. The proposed methodology exploits this special structure to evaluate the aggregate probability distribution of the states in each of the equivalence classes corresponding to a specific partitioning of the state space. Although the method does not compute the probability distribution of all states in the chain, not even in implicit recursive form, it provides the necessary information to easily compute an extensive set of Markov reward functions such as the queue length or any of its higher moments. The proposed technique has excellent computational and storage complexity and results in significant savings when compared with other traditional solution techniques such as the matrix geometric approach.
Equilibrium Wage‐Tenure Contracts

In this study we consider a labor market matching model where firms post wage-tenure contracts and workers, both employed and unemployed, search for new job opportunities. Given workers are risk averse, we establish there is a unique equilibrium in the environment considered. Although firms in the market make different offers in equilibrium, all post a wage-tenure contract that implies a worker's wage increases smoothly with tenure at the firm. As firms make different offers, there is job turnover, as employed workers move jobs as the opportunity arises. This implies the increase in a worker's wage can be due to job-to-job movements as well as wage-tenure effects. Further, there is a nondegenerate equilibrium distribution of initial wage offers that is differentiable on its support except for a mass point at the lowest initial wage. We also show that relevant characteristics of the equilibrium can be written as explicit functions of preferences and the other market parameters.
Beyond Harms Exploring the Individual and Shared Goods of Psychotherapy

Wendt, Gone, and Nagata raise some very important questions about harm in psychotherapy and initiate a valuable dialogue between scholars of potentially harmful therapy and multicultural counseling and psychotherapy. This comment enlarges upon the authors’ view that harms cannot be understood independently of goods by providing an argument that goods have an inherent place in psychotherapy and in multicultural viewpoints. The goods of psychotherapy (e.g., justice, respect) are ordinary and widely endorsed rather than esoteric or objectionable. Identifying these goods makes it possible to organize them into a coherent hierarchy that enables an integration of the primarily individual goods of standard psychotherapy and the primarily communal goods of a multicultural perspective. This can facilitate a mutually informative and enriching dialogue between scholars from these two domains. The hope is to encourage a more open discussion of the goods of psychotherapy, thereby fostering a more reflective, progressi...
Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki, Japan

Sediment cores from two coastal lakes located on the island of Kamikoshiki in southwestern Japan (Lake Namakoike and Lake Kaiike) provide evidence for the response of a backbarrier beach system to episodic coastal inundation over the last 6400 years. Sub-bottom seismic surveys exhibit acoustically laminated, parallel to subparallel seismic reflectors, intermittently truncated by erosional unconformities. Sediment cores collected from targeted depocenters in both lakes contain finely laminated organic mud interbedded with coarse-grained units, with depths of coarse deposits concurrent with prominent seismic reflectors. The timing of the youngest deposit at Kamikoshiki correlates to the most recently documented breach in the barrier during a typhoon in 1951 AD. Assuming that this modern deposit provides an analog for identifying past events, paleo-typhoons may be reconstructed from layers exhibiting an increase in grain-size, a break in fine-scale stratigraphy, and elevated Sr concentrations.
Decomposition of Douglas-fir coarse woody debris in response to differing moisture content and initial heterotrophic colonization

Abstract This experiment was designed to test the effects of moisture content and hetrotrophic community composition on the decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD). In 1995, 360 freshly cut Douglas-fir logs were randomly assigned to 5 replicate sites, with 12 heterotrophic colonization × moisture treatment combinations at each site. Half of the logs in each heterotrophic treatment were placed under elevated clear plastic shelters to reduce precipitation inputs while the other half received unrestricted inputs. The heterotrophic colonization treatments (HCT) were designed to test the effect on decomposition of the initial timing of physical penetration of the bark by drilling holes into the phloem and sapwood, and insect vectoring of fungi by injecting basidiomycete and ascomycete inoculum into the sapwood. In summer of 2001, respiration was measured from one set of experimental logs and density change, the amount of area affected by brown rot and wood borer galleries (br/wbg) from another set of logs. The sheltered logs had significantly higher respiration rates than the unsheltered logs (0.70 g CO2 m−2 d−1 versus 0.57 g CO2 m−2 d−1 respectively). Sheltered logs also had significantly higher percentage of the log's total volume affected by br/wbg (6.3%) than in the non-sheltered logs (1.1%). Mean moisture content in the sheltered logs was 36%, significantly less than in the unsheltered logs (45%). There was also evidence that earlier insect entry into CWD can facilitate faster decomposition as indicated by higher respiration rates in the logs that had been experimentally penetrated. In sum, the results suggest that even small decreases in moisture content can significantly increase respiration rates through increased fungal and insect activity in the early stages of decomposition. However, after 6 years the differences in hetrotrophic activity did not result in significantly higher density loss in the drier logs.
Control-related beliefs and depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children and adolescents: developmental differences and model specificity.

The contingency-competence-control (CCC) model links contingency and competence beliefs to perceived control and, in turn, to depression. However, a developmental perspective suggests that noncontingency may be too abstract a concept to be directly tied to depression before adolescence. We tested the CCC model and this developmental notion, using structural equation modeling, with 360 clinic-referred 8- to 17-year-olds. The CCC model fit the data well for the full sample accounting for 46% of the variance in depression. Separate analyses by age group placed perceived contingency in the best-fit model for adolescents (ages 12-17 years) but not for children (8-11 years). This suggests that abstract cause-effect concepts may have more direct affective impact after the cognitive changes of adolescence (e.g., formal operations) than before. Finally, the CCC model accounted for much more variance in depression than conduct problems, suggesting diagnostic specificity.
Whose money, whose time? A nonparametric approach to modeling time spent on housework in the United States

Abstract This paper argues that earlier quantitative research on the relationship between heterosexual partners' earnings and time spent on housework has two basic flaws: First, it has focused on the effects of women's shares of couples' total earnings on housework, not considering the simpler possibility of an association between women's absolute earnings and housework. Second, it tends to draw uniform inferences across the range of data, including regions where the data are sparse. This paper adopts a flexible, nonparametric approach to examine this relationship within a US context, while not imposing the polynomial specifications on data that characterize the two dominant models. The results provide support for an alternative model that emphasizes the importance of partners' own earnings for their housework, especially in the case of women. Women's earnings are negatively associated with their housework hours, independent of their partners' earnings and their shares of couples' total earnings.
Children and educational software: software design under the microscope

This paper presents the results from a preliminary study conducted with elementary school-aged children and the software design process as it relates to educational software. The aspect of the study examines the effect of the design and user-interface elements on the student. Through testing, observation, and discussion the children shared their comments and suggestion for educational software. While data collection and statistical analysis is an efficient means of presenting results, this initial paper will focus on the qualitative analysis of CBE software in the areas of Language Arts and Mathematics.
Synergistic Activation of the TATA-less Mouse Thymidylate Synthase Promoter by the Ets Transcription Factor GABP and Sp1

The mouse thymidylate synthase (TS) promoter lacks a TATA box and an initiator element and directs transcriptional initiation at multiple sites over a 90-nucleotide region. The minimum sequence required for wild-type promoter activity has been mapped to a 30-nucleotide essential promoter region that partially overlaps the 5' end of the transcriptional initiation window. The essential promoter region contains two potential binding sites for members of the Ets family of transcription factors as well as a binding site for Sp1. Promoter mutation analyses revealed that all three of these sites are important for promoter activity. Transient cotransfection assays showed that GABP, a heterodimeric Ets factor, is able to stimulate expression of reporter genes driven by the wild-type mouse TS promoter whereas several other Ets factors have no effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that recombinant GABP binds to both Ets elements in the essential promoter region. Stimulation of promoter activity by GABP is diminished when either Ets element is inactivated and is prevented when both Ets elements are inactivated. Transient cotransfection assays revealed that Sp1 and GABP stimulate TS promoter activity in a highly synergistic manner.
ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

The association between estrogen replacement therapy and fibrocystic breast disease was assessed in a hospital-based case-control study undertaken in Connecticut from 1979 to 1981. The cases were 143 postmenopausal women with biopsy-confirmed fibrocystic breast disease, and the controls were 355 postmenopausal women with other surgical conditions. Use of estrogen replacement therapy was positively associated with fibrocystic breast disease; the odds of disease increased with duration of use, reaching an approximately fivefold excess odds for those who had taken menopausal estrogens for 10 or more years. There was no evidence that the positive association between estrogen replacement therapy and the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease could be explained by differential medical care utilization or other possible risk factors of biopsied fibrocystic breast disease.
Understanding and mitigating HIV-related resource-based stigma in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

The perception in low-resource settings that investment of resources in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is wasted because AIDS is both an incurable and deadly disease is known as resource-based stigma. In this paper, we draw on in-depth interviews (IDI), focus group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII) with 77 HIV-positive microfinance participants and nongovernmental organization leaders to examine resource-based stigma in the context of increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an individual, household, and community level in Cote d'Ivoire. The purpose of this exploratory paper is to examine: (1) resource-based stigmatization in the era of ART and (2) the relationship among microfinance, a poverty-reduction intervention, and HIV stigmatization. The frequency with which resource-based stigma was discussed by respondents suggests that it is an important component of HIV-related stigma in this setting. It affected PLHIV's access to material as well as social resources, leading to ...
RF Sources for the ITER Ion Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive System

The RF source requirements for the ITER ion cyclotron (IC) heating and current drive system are very challenging- 20 MW CW power into an antenna load with a VSWR of up to 2 over the frequency range of 35-65 MHz. For the two present antenna designs under consideration, 8 sources providing 2.5 MW each are to be employed. For these sources, the outputs of two final power amplifiers (FPAs), using the high power CPI 4CM2500KG tube, are combined with a 180deg hybrid combiner to easily meet the ITER IC source requirements-2.5 MW is supplied at a VSWR of 2 at ~70% of the maximum tube power available in class B operation. The cylindrical cavity configuration for the FPAs is quite compact so that the 8 combined sources fit into the space allocated at the ITER site with room to spare. The source configuration is described in detail and its projected operating power curves are presented. Although the CPI tube has been shown to be stable under high power operating conditions on many facilities, a test of the combined FPA source arrangement is in preparation using existing high power 30 MHz amplifiers to assure that this configuration can be made robustly stable for all phases at a VSWR up to 2. The possibility of using 12 sources to feed a suitably modified antenna design is also discussed in the context of providing flexibility for specifying the final IC antenna design
“On the Dump Heap”: Employee Medical Screening in the Tri-State Zinc-Lead Industry, 1924–1932

In the following article, Professor Derickson examines the motivation for and the results of employee medical screening of workers in a midwestern mining community. He argues that, contrary to the goals of the associative state as envisioned by Herbert Hoover and others, government and mine operator efforts to determine the extent of respiratory disease among mine workers in the Tri-State were neither impelled by a concern for workers' welfare nor conducive to the amelioration of their problems.
Western Romance Fiction as English-Language Media in Postcolonial India.

In this study I took an ethnographic approach to examine the reception of imported Mills & Boon romance novels among women in postcolonial urban India. My approach included intensive interviews and participant observation among a group of young, middle- and upper-class women in Hyderabad, a city in South India. My analysis of young women's responses revealed the social construction of these Western romance novels as English-language media. Romance novels were pleasurable because they were an extension of Indian women's childhood English-language reading. Readers viewed romance novels as resources to improve English-language skills and used romance reading to bolster their identities as modern and cosmopolitan women. In conclusion, I consider the implications of the study for media globalization and ethnographic audience research.
How Children and Adults Represent God's Mind

For centuries, humans have contemplated the minds of gods. Research on religious cognition is spread across sub-disciplines, making it difficult to gain a complete understanding of how people reason about gods' minds. We integrate approaches from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology and neuroscience to illuminate the origins of religious cognition. First, we show that although adults explicitly discriminate supernatural minds from human minds, their implicit responses reveal far less discrimination. Next, we demonstrate that children's religious cognition often matches adults' implicit responses, revealing anthropomorphic notions of God's mind. Together, data from children and adults suggest the intuitive nature of perceiving God's mind as human-like. We then propose three complementary explanations for why anthropomorphism persists in adulthood, suggesting that anthropomorphism may be (a) an instance of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic; (b) a reflection of early testimony; and/or (c) an evolutionary byproduct.
Investor Attention and the Pricing of Earnings News

We investigate whether investor attention is associated with the pricing (and mispricing) of earnings news where investor attention is measured using social media activity. We find that high levels of investor attention are associated with greater sensitivity of earnings announcement returns to earnings surprises, with the effect being strongest for firms that beat analysts’ forecasts. This appears to be appropriate pricing, on average, as only firms with low levels of attention are associated with significant post-earnings-announcement drift. Our results are distinct from other information sources including traditional media outlets, financial blogs, and internet search engine activity. Our results are consistent with investor attention observed in social media activity having distinct effects on the pricing and mispricing of earnings news.
Flight Evaluation of Loran‐C for General Aviation Area Navigation

This paper reports on a flight evaluation of Loran-C which was part of a long range study of area navigation systems for general aviation. Tests involved two different Loran-C receivers, 6 different aircraft, and a variety of antennas. Uncorrected position fixes were typically accurate to one quarter mile. With measured corrections, repeatability was good to within 200 ft. Signal reliability was 99.7%. The receiver was not sensitive to atmospheric noise. The time difference grid demonstrated a long term stability of 0.3 microsecond. Vertical whip and ADF E-field antennas were found suitable for airborne use. Loran-C was found satisfactory for instrument approaches to runways at general aviation airports where published latitude-longitude coordinates were available. Accuracy was further improved by using locally measured Loran-C time difference coordinates.
Augmentation of cognitive function in epilepsy.

parahippocampal (PHc),perirhinal (PRc), entrorhinal (ERc), and hippocampal (HC) functioning [the ‘Binding of Items and Context [BIC] Model (Diana et al., 2007)], suggests that these structures form an integrated circuit that supports recollection and familiarity. The PRc is proposed to be important in encoding and retrieving items (e.g., objects, words, and ideas), whereas the PHc is responsible for representing spatial, temporal, and semantic context. The HC supports memory for episodes by integrating these inputs and binding the item-based contextual information together as a unique event in space and time. In this view, the formation of new memories depends upon the integrated series of inputs from PRc and PHc components of the parahippocampal gyrus and their respective targets in the ERc and hippocampus. Despite extensive animal work, it is unknown in humans whether selective damage to these areas or their interconnections that produce subtypes of memory impairment might differentially respond to different types of memory training. Although some data exists on the eff icacy of memory rehabilitation programs, little is known about the neural basis of individualized rehabilitation responses from a mechanistic perspective (Wagner, 2011).
Effects of transecting hypophyseal stalks in laying hens.

THE interrelationship between the anterior lobe of the hypophysis and the hypothalamus has been demonstrated experimentally in mammals by Harris (1950) and others. Harris (1950), among others, has shown that when the cut edges of the hypophyseal stalk are prevented from regenerating, normal reproductive activity is impaired or completely halted. Because of the mounting evidence of neurohumoral control of the adenohypophysis in chickens (Huston and Nalbandov, 1953; van Tienhoven, Nalbandov and Norton, 1954) it became of interest to determine the effects of interrupting the neural and humoral connections between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland on the reproductive cycle of laying hens. After this study was in progress Benoit and Assenmacher (1953) published their work on the effects of this operation on the testes of ducks. They found that in birds the portal vessels do not form part of the infundibular stalk as they do in mammals.
Estimation of time-varying digital mobile radio channels

In packet-based communication systems using dispersive channels, training symbols are usually provided to estimate the channel response. It is demonstrated that for both simple constant and adaptive least-squares estimates, the average performance of the estimator can be computed with explicit reference to channel time variations. With these analytical results, quantitative evidence can be provided for the classification of channel time variations as fast or slow. They also can be used to evaluate important system design decisions, such as total packet size, training overhead, and data rate, for particular channel conditions. >
Improvement of the LPC analysis

The narrowband linear predictive coder (LPC) is becoming widely used in both civilian and military applications. Yet, in spite of the many improvements made over the years, it is still not universally acceptable to general users. Therefore we present improvements to three aspects of the LPC analysis to increase the quality and intelligibility of the narrowband LPC. They are: (1) frequency spreading of voiceless fricative sound spectra, (2) adaptive analysis-window placement at onsets, and (3) suppression of intraframe pitch interference.
COGNITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION

COGNITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION. Peter Robinson (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xi + 453. 33.00 paper.This book is part of the Cambridge University Press series in Applied Linguistics, edited by Michael H. Long and Jack C. Richards. The edited collection presents cognitive perspectives on second language (L2) learning, a topic that is currently receiving a great deal of attention in SLA research. The series editors, both of whom have produced notable research in L2 learning, point out: “cognition and cognitive factors, therefore, are central to any account of how and why SLA works, or so often fails, and equally central to the theory and practice of second language instruction” (p. vii). Robinson is one of the driving forces behind the current interest in cognitive approaches to SLA. He has proposed a view of the field that involves exploring the connections between SLA and aspects of human cognition, such as attention, awareness, and memory, as well as the role of individual differences in SLA and L2 learning conditions (e.g., Robinson, 1997, 2001, 2002). Robinson has assembled an impressive lineup of contributors.
Nectarivore foraging ecology: rewards differing in sugar types

. 1 Honey bees, visiting artificial flower patches, were used as a model system to study the effects of sugar type (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and mixed monosaccharide), caloric reward, and floral colour on nectarivore foraging behaviour. Observed behaviour was compared to the predictions of various (sometimes contradictory) foraging models. 2 Bees drank indiscriminately from flowers in patches with a blue-white flower dimorphism when caloric values of rewards were equal (e.g. 1M sucrose in both colours; 1 M sucrose versus 2 M monosaccharide of either type), but when nectar caloric rewards were unequal, they switched to the flower colour with the calorically greater reward. 3 In yellow-blue dimorphic flower patches, on the other hand, bees did not maximize caloric reward. Rather, bees were individually constant, some to blue, others to yellow, regardless of the sugar types or energy content of the rewards provided in the two flower morphs. 4 The results suggest that optimal foraging theory (maximization of net caloric gain per unit time) is a robust predictor of behaviour with regard to the sugar types common to nectars; such optimal foraging is, however, limited by a superstructure of individual constancy.
Diabetic Autonomic Dysfunction

Publisher Summary All organ systems innervated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may be impaired in patients with diabetes. The extent of impairment is highly variable from patient to patient, but it is generally related to the duration of diabetes as with other complications of diabetes. Nerve impairment can further be complicated by the normal decline in the function with age. Sympathetic nerves that dilate the iris show earlier and more extensive impairment than the parasympathetic nerves that constrict the iris. Pupillometry, which is used to measure the ability of pupils to change size, suggests that pilocarpine hypersensitivity demonstrates early parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) before the evidence of sympathetic defects. Dysphagia is the most common presenting symptom of diabetic autonomic dysfunction. This is often confused with cardiac pain, gastric atony, or both. Diagnosis of esophageal and pharyngeal motility dysfunction through barium swallow generally is adequate. Diabetic diarrhea is a common result of autonomic dysfunction. Both afferent and efferent nerves to the bladder may be affected in patients with diabetes. The incidence of erectile dysfunction or impotence, which may result from autonomic neuropathy, is nearly three times more common in male patients with diabetes than in age-matched men without diabetes. In addition to these, abnormal sweating patterns are commonly found in patients with diabetes.
Análisis de ruta de padres latinos , adolescente y variables culturales en actitudes sexuales de los adolescentes, normas, autoeficacia e intenciones sexuales

ste es un artculo de acceso aierto distriuido ao los trinos de la Licencia Creative Coons econociientoo Coercial CC Csta licencia erite a otros distriuir reezclar retocar y crear a artir de tu ora de odo no coercial y a esar de ue sus nuevas oras GHEHQVLHPSUHPHQFLRQDUWH\PDQWHQHUVHVLQ?QHVFRPHUFLDOHVQRHVWiQoliados a licenciar sus oras derivadas ao las isas condicionesCorrespondencia:Vanessa Pirani GaiosoUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham. School of Nursing1714 9th Avenue South, suite LRC15535294-1270, Birmingham, Alabama, United StatesE-mail: vgaioso@uab.edu
Observational Studies to Contextualize Surgical Trials

While it is well established that many men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer have clinically insignificant disease and that a large number of men will die with rather than from prostate cancer [1], the highly publicized Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) trial suggested, to much controversy, that treatment of men with localized prostate cancer may be unnecessary. In PIVOT over a median follow-up of 10 yr, 5.8% of men receiving radical prostatectomy and 8.4% men receiving observation died of prostate cancer (p = 0.06 for difference). In comparison, the all-cause mortality was 47.0% and 49.9% in the surgery and observation arms, respectively (p = 0.22 for difference) [2]. Such high mortality rates are striking given that the study was designed to include only men with estimated life expectancy of at least 10 yr. These similar overall mortality rates suggest that radical prostatectomymay be of limited benefit inmenwho receive it. Furthermore, such high overall mortality rates underscore both the importance and the difficulty of accurately assessing mortality risk in deciding whether a man will benefit from radical prostatectomy. Against this backdrop, the article by Barbosa et al [3] on overall survival among men with localized prostate cancer in the US Veterans Health Administration provides a key perspective on the issue of overall mortality risk in men considering treatment for localized prostate cancer. In this novel and important study, the authors define a cohort of men within the Veterans Affairs Central Registry meeting similar criteria to those in PIVOT: age 75 yr, clinical stage T1 or T2 prostate cancer, and a variety of treatments including surgery, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and expectantmanagement. At 10 yr, overall mortality was 21% among surgery recipients, 36.7% among
Isohemolysins and Isoagglutinins Occurring in Dogs

ConclusionIsohemolytic and isoagglutinative phenomena noted in occasional dogs during plasmapheresis, appear to be related to antigenic formation of immune bodies by the recipient due to certain factors in the donors' red cells. These hemolytic and agglutinative properties persist in the serum for long periods of time and may be intensified by renewed injection of red cells. Isohemolysis of the red cells of dogs appears to depend at least in part upon fixation of complement.
Debris Cloud Visualization

Recent developments in the environment of space have made debris analysis a critical concern. It is imperative to characterize behavior of a debris cloud, and the associated risk to operational satellites that will pass near the vicinity of the cloud. It is of equal importance to visualize the debris in order to convey the potential impact of the debris to decision makers. Concerning a debris cloud, thousands of objects exist within the area of interest, making visualization difficult. We present a review of debris cloud visualization techniques. We further present a review of the underlying techniques and tools for visualization in general, and from those techniques offer recommendations for future debris cloud visualization architectures.
Properties and Applications of Polyisobutylene - based Thermo Plastic Elastomer

Polyisobutylene - based thermoplastic elastomer (SIBS) is polymerized by living cationic polymerization and has excellent thermostability, gas barrier property, flexibility and dumping property. SIBS can be used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive molded by co-extrusion and a modifier for thermoplastic polyurethane and some engineering plastics such as poly ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and cyclic olefin copolymer.
The Ethnic Group as a Collectivity

T H HIS article is an attempt to analyze the Syrian collectivity in metropolitan Boston, making use as far as possible of the conceptual scheme developed by Talcott Parsons in The Social System.' The analysis has seemed worth undertaking, because collectivities with an expressive rather than an instrumental primacy offer a relatively uncharted field for research, and yet it is in such sub-systems within the larger society that many people live the most significant part of their lives. Syrian and Lebanese immigration to Boston took place chiefly in the period 1890-1914. The first settlements were made near South Station and in one section of the South End, where a constantly diminishing population still retains residence. Areas of second settlement were developed somewhat later in West Roxbury and Allston. The group, now numbering at a conservative estimate at least ten thousand, is tending to scatter throughout the metropolitan area, but churches, clubhouses, and grocery stores draw the Syrians back to the congested area where their homes were first established. Plans however are already far advanced for moving one of the churches, St. John of Damascus, to a better location. Contacts were made with some two hundred and fifty persons drawn from many segments of the elite. While the ethnic group is making a highly satisfactory adjustment to American society, clannishness is still characteristic even of its most successful members. Enjoyment of each other's company is the bond that holds together almost all individuals with this nationality background.
Do Bilingual advantages in attentional control influence memory encoding during a divided attention task

The current study examined if bilingual advantages in cognitive control influence memory encoding during a divided attention task. Monolinguals, simultaneous bilinguals, and sequential bilinguals switched between classifying objects and words, then were tested for their recognition memory of stimuli previously seen during the classification task. Compared to bilingual groups, monolinguals made the most errors on the classification task and simultaneous bilinguals committed the fewest errors. On the memory task, however, no differences were found between the three language groups, but significant correlations were found between the number of errors during switch trials on the classification task and recognition memory for both target and non-target stimuli. For bilinguals, their age of second language acquisition partially accounted for the association between attentional control (number of switch errors) and subsequent memory for non-target stimuli only. These results contribute to our understanding of how individual differences in language acquisition influence interactions between cognitive domains.
The Over-Oxidation of Graphite Electrode in Sulfuric Acid

The mechanism of anodic over-oxidation of a 3000°C-annealed pyrolytic graphite electrode was studied by means of galvanostatic voltammetry, gravimetry, and X-ray diffractometry, in the electrolyte of 18 M sulfuric acid at 25°C.In the early stage of over-oxidation, the X-ray diffraction line corresponding to (004) of the first stage of graphite bisulfate lamellar compound showed a continuous shift toward higher diffraction angle up to the position about 0.4° higher, without any decrease in the intensity. A slow rise of the potential of the graphite electrode was observed during the shift of (00l) diffraction line, while the weight of the graphite electrode did not change. However, the X-ray diffraction patterns and the electrode potentials showed no measurable changes, during the further oxidation.
CATHETER-BASED TREATMENT VERSUS SYSTEMIC THROMBOLYSIS IN ACUTE MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM: A COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSES

Acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with a high mortality rate.Catheter-based treatments (CBT) may provide effective immediate treatment without the inherent bleeding risks of systemic thrombolysis, but comparative data for the two approaches are limited. We searched SCOPUS since
Cost-benefit decision circuitry: proposed modulatory role for acetylcholine.

Abstract In order to select which action should be taken, an animal must weigh the costs and benefits of possible outcomes associate with each action. Such decisions, called cost–benefit decisions, likely involve several cognitive processes (including memory) and a vast neural circuitry. Rodent models have allowed research to begin to probe the neural basis of three forms of cost–benefit decision making: effort-, delay-, and risk-based decision making. In this review, we detail the current understanding of the functional circuits that subserve each form of decision making. We highlight the extensive literature by detailing the ability of dopamine to influence decisions by modulating structures within these circuits. Since acetylcholine projects to all of the same important structures, we propose several ways in which the cholinergic system may play a local modulatory role that will allow it to shape these behaviors. A greater understanding of the contribution of the cholinergic system to cost–benefit decisions will permit us to better link the decision and memory processes, and this will help us to better understand and/or treat individuals with deficits in a number of higher cognitive functions including decision making, learning, memory, and language.
Design and Verification Environment for High-Performance Video-Based Embedded Systems

In this chapter, we propose a design and verification environment for computational demanding and secure embedded vision-based systems. Starting with an executable specification in OpenCV, we provide subsequent refinements and verification down to a system-on-chip prototype into an FPGA-based smart camera. At each level of abstraction, properties of image processing applications are used along with structure composition to provide a generic architecture that can be automatically verified and mapped to a lower abstraction level, the last of which being the FPGA. The result of this design flow is a framework that encapsulates the computer vision library OpenCV at the highest level, integrates Accelera’s SystemC/TLM with the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) and QEMU-OS for virtual prototyping, verification, and low-level mapping.
Clinical text analysis using machine learning methods

SemEval (Semantic Evaluation) is an annual workshop where attendees participate in a series of evaluations (competitions) of computational semantic analysis for natural language processing (NLP). The series evaluations include 10–20 tasks each year. In this paper we present our entry to the SemEval-2014 Task 7 on the Analysis of Clinical Text evaluation. The main aim of this task is to analyze large amounts of clinical data and to find the mentions of clinical disorders. This task consists of two sub tasks: a) named entity recognition i.e, identifying disorder concepts that belong to Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic group; and b) normalization, i.e, mapping mentions of disorders to UMLS Concept Unique Identifier (CUI). In this paper, we present a supervised machine learning system for prediction of disorder named entities based on the conditional random field model. The data set provided by the Task 7 organizer was used to evaluate our model.
A Filtering-based Clustering Algorithm for Improving Spatio-temporal Kriging Interpolation Accuracy

Geostatistical interpolation is the process that uses existing data and statistical models as inputs to predict data in unobserved spatio-temporal contexts as output. Kriging is a well-known geostatistical interpolation method that minimizes mean square error of prediction. The result interpolated by Kriging is accurate when consistency of statistical properties in data is assumed. However, without this assumption, Kriging interpolation has poor accuracy. To address this problem, this paper presents a new filtering-based clustering algorithm that partitions data into clusters such that the interpolation error within each cluster is significantly reduced, which in turn improves the overall accuracy. Comparisons to traditional Kriging are made with two real-world datasets using two error criteria: normalized mean square error(NMSE) and χ2 test statistics for normalized deviation measurement. Our method has reduced NMSE by more than 50% for both datasets over traditional Kriging. Moreover, χ2 tests have also shown significant improvements of our approach over traditional Kriging.
Manipulating the polar mismatch at the LaNi O 3 /SrTi O 3 (111) interface

Heteroepitaxial growth of transition-metal oxide films on the open (111) surface of $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ results in significant restructuring due to the polar mismatch. Monitoring the structure and composition on an atomic scale of $\mathrm{LaNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (111) interface as a function of processing conditions has enabled the avoidance of the expected polar catastrophe. Using atomically resolved transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy as well as low-energy electron diffraction, the structure of the thin film, from interface to the surface, has been studied. In this paper, we show that the proper processing can lead to a structure that is ordered, coherent with the substrate without intermediate structural phase. Angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows that the oxygen content of thin films increases with the film thickness, indicating that the polar mismatch is avoided by the presence of oxygen vacancies.
Memorializing Pearl Harbor: Unfinished Histories and the Work of Remembrance

Geoffrey M. White has written a book that goes far beyond the events and commemoration of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the opening salvo that determined the US entry into World War II. White’s book...
Role of ATF3 in mediating lipid-induced stress signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells

Elevation of blood triglycerides, primarily triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and Vascular Dementia (VaD). The accumulating evidence indicates that the development of atherosclerosis and VaD are linked to vascular inflammation. Previous studies suggest a relationship of blood lipids and/or lipoproteins to vascular inflammation leading to dementia. The objective of this study is to characterize human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC) responses to postprandial TGRL and determine the pathways that have potential to increase risk for vascular dementia. To address this question, we treated HBMVEC with TGRL lipolysis products and then we used NGS-based RNA-Seq methods for transcriptional profiling experiments. Our data demonstrated up-regulation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-dependent inflammatory pathways in HBMVEC. Additionally, system biology analysis exhibited putative lipid-related targets and corresponding isoforms of ATF3 that may be implicated in hypertriglyceridemia-induced vascular inflammation in brain. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis determined specific isoforms of key transcriptional regulator ATF3 and stress response signaling pathway in lipolysis products-mediated brain vascular inflammation which may lead to vascular dementia.
Adoption of energy-efficient televisions for expanded off-grid electricity service

Abstract Even though they dominate the global television (TV) market, light-emitting diode backlit liquid crystal display (LED-LCD) TVs have received little attention for use with off-grid household-scale renewable energy systems, primarily because of high up-front costs. However, technological advances and price declines mean that these TVs can now provide the same level of electricity service as standard LED-LCD TVs offer but at lower total energy cost. Moreover, LED-LCD TVs are inherently direct-current (DC)-powered devices and therefore well suited for use with off-grid solar home systems. We estimate that DC-powered energy-efficient LED-LCD TVs can decrease the retail purchase price of solar home systems by about 25% by allowing use of 50% smaller photovoltaics and battery capacities than would be needed for the same energy system to power a standard LED-LCD TV. We recommend that policies such as awards, bulk procurement, incentives, and energy labels be considered to facilitate the adoption of these energy-efficient TVs in off-grid settings.
Leveraging Students’ Communicative Repertoires as a Tool for Equitable Learning:

Leveraging is often described as the process of using the home and community languages of children and youth as a tool to access the “academic” or “standard” varieties of languages valued in school...
Explaining the Sexuality Gap in Protest Participation

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship between sexual orientations and the protest actions of adults in the United States. Drawing from General Social Survey data from 1996 to 2004, we found that lesbians, gays, and bisexuals were more than twice as likely to protest as heterosexuals. To account for this sexuality gap, we used Patrick Egan’s (2008) political distinctiveness theories to identify possible underlying causes of these protesting differences. After running several regressions, we found that sexuality and protesting relationships were moderated by issues of educational attainment, marital statuses, metropolitan residencies, political partisanships, governmental grievances, and gender role expectations.