cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of potato processing on nutrients, phytochemicals, and human health

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are an important global crop that can be transformed into many products impacting several health dimensions ranging from undernutrition, food security and disease prevention to issues of overnutrition including obesity, diabetes, heart disease. Processed potato products are typically categorized as high fat and sodium foods, as well as being classified as a significant source of carbohydrate, in the form of starch. Conversely, potato products are less known for their contribution of key micronutrients (vitamin C, potassium, magnesium), fiber, and phytochemicals (phenolics and carotenoids). More recent insight into the nutritional value of potatoes and the potential of potato phytochemicals to modulate oxidative and inflammatory stress as well as the potential to alter glycemic response has resulted in increased interest in strategies to improve and leverage the nutritional quality of processed potatoes. This review summarizes critical information on nutritional profiles of potatoes and their processed products and describes the state of the science relative to the influence of in-home and common commercial processing on nutritional quality and potential impacts on human health.
Impact of analog IC impairments in SiPM interface electronics

The recent realization of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) devices as solid-state detectors for Positron Emission Tomography holds the promise of improving image resolution, integrating a significant portion of the interface electronics, and potentially lowering the power consumption. Our lab has previously reported on novel board-level readout electronics for an 8×8 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array featuring row/column summation technique to reduce the hardware requirements for signal processing and is currently working on taking the next step by implementing a monolithic CMOS chip which is based on the row-column architecture. To date, relatively little modeling has been done to understand the impact of analog non-idealities associated with the front-end electronics, on SiPM-based PET systems. This paper focuses on various analog impairments associated with PET scanner readout electronics. Matlab was used as a simulation platform to model the noise, linearity and signal bandwidth of the frontend electronics with the measured SiPM pulses as the input.
Activation of Prothrombin by Platelets Plus Globulin.

Summary1. Twice-washed platelets were relatively stable in the presence of calcium ions and in contact with glass.2. In the presence of calcium, washed rabbit platelets plus a small amount of bovine globulin activated bovine prothrombin. Activation was much slower with platelets alone, and no activation was detected with the globulin alone.3. Water-clear platelet extracts could be substituted for platelet suspensions in this test system. In such case, the presence of the globulin was still necessary for prompt activation of prothrombin.
Removal of Azo Dyes: Intercalation into Sonochemically Synthesized NiAl Layered Double Hydroxide

A sonochemical method was employed in the synthesis of nickel aluminum layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDH) and the materials were used as adsorbents for the removal of the reactive azo dye, Remazol Brilliant Violet (RBV-5r). The experimental data obtained for microstructure were compared and both the arrangement and orientation of the intercalated dye species were examined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption characteristics were studied in a batch process by optimizing different parameters such as calcination temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, solution pH, and solution temperature. NiAl-LDH material synthesized by sonochemical (SC) methods and calcined at 250 °C (NiAl-C250SC) showed the best dye removal effi...
Approach to the Patient with an Incidentally Discovered Thyroid Nodule

To review steps in evaluation of a newly discovered thyroid nodule, ultrasound characteristics and indications for fine needle aspiration, to understand cytology results and role of molecular analysis and to discuss management options and long-term follow-up based on nodule characteristics and cytology.
Development trends of the post-marketing drug safety surveillance systems in EU and US

In recent years EU and US have paid more attention to the post-marketing surveillance of drug safety.New measures have been taken to strengthen the post-marketing drug safety surveillance systems.This article analyzes the development trends of the post-marketing drug safety surveillance systems in EU and US,and discusses its reference significance to China.
Are we exploiting the infertile couple

We hope that this article brings into focus some problems that merit consideration and debate. These thoughts come from a group of individuals who are actively engaged in reproductive endocrine/infertility practices with special interests ranging from ovulation induction to IVF to laser surgery. As a group, we practice in all parts of the country, and the problems mentioned are not restricted to any individual or region. We urge that all of us be candid with ourselves and our colleagues about what we can and cannot do for the infertile couple. We suggest that gynecologists ask themselves this question and proceed when the answer is affirmative: "Is this procedure really in the patient's best interest?"
Computer Graphics and Film Animation

AbstractAn investigation has been made of some techniques in the application of computer graphics to the creation of animated films. Emphasis was placed on developing a facility wherean animator could work at a graphics display to create film sequences without any knowledge of programming. The objective was to provide the animator with a tool to generate the basic picture elements, to specify the motion for each element and to have the facility to synchronize the motion to sound. The system provides a real-time playback at the cine rate for previewing the sequences
Distilling Common History and Practice Elements to Inform Dissemination: Hanf-Model BPT Programs as an Example

There is a shift in evidence-based practice toward an understanding of the treatment elements that characterize empirically supported interventions in general and the core components of specific approaches in particular. The evidence base for behavioral parent training (BPT) and the standard of care for early-onset disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder), which frequently co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, are well established, yet an ahistorical, program-specific lens tells little regarding how leaders, University of Oregon Medical School, shaped the common practice elements of contemporary evidence-based BPT. Accordingly, this review summarizes the formative work of Hanf, as well as the core elements, evolution, and extensions of her work, represented in Community Parent Education (COPE; (Cunningham et al. in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 36:1141–1159, 1995; Cunningham et al. in COPE, the community parent education program: large group community-based workshops for parents of 3- to 18-year-olds, COPE Works, Hamilton, 2009), Defiant Children (DC; (Barkley in Defiant children: a clinician’s manual for assessment and parent training, Guilford Press, New York, 1987; Barkley in Defiant children: a clinician’s manual for assessment and parent training, Guilford Press, New York, 2013), Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC; Forehand and McMahon in Helping the noncompliant child: a clinician’s guide to parent training, Guilford Press, New York, 1981; McMahon and Forehand in Helping the noncompliant child: family-based treatment for oppositional behavior, 2nd ed., Guilford Press, New York, 2003), Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT; Eyberg and Robinson in J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 11:130–137, 1982. doi:10.1080/15374418209533076; Eyberg in Child Fam Behav Ther 10:33–46, 1988; Eyberg and Funderburk in Parent–child interaction therapy protocol, PCIT International, Gainesville, 2011), and the Incredible Years (IY; (Webster-Stratton in Behav Ther 12:634–642, 1981. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(81)80135-9; Webster-Stratton in J Pediatr Psychol 7:279–294, 1982. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/7.3.279; Webster-Stratton in The incredible years: parents and children series. Leader’s guide: preschool version of BASIC (ages 3–6 years, The Incredible Years, Seattle, 2008). Our goal is not to provide an exhaustive review of the evidence base for the Hanf-Model programs, rather our intention is to provide a template of sorts from which agencies and clinicians can make informed choices about how and why they are using one program versus another, as well as how to make inform flexible use one program or combination of practice elements across programs, to best meet the needs of child clients and their families. Clinical implications and directions for future work are discussed.
Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy

Hospital Pharmacy presents this new feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest will be abstracted monthly regarding a broad sco...
Large Eddy Simulation

At high Reynolds number the fluid velocity is exponentially sensitive to perturbations of the problem data. This sensitivity, however, is not uniform. The large structures (large eddies) evolve deterministically and are thus not sensitive [BFG02]. The small eddies are sensitive because they have a random character.
Optimization and applications of an excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging system.

Currently, the majority of microscopic and endoscopic technologies utilize white light illumination. For a number of applications, hyper-spectral imaging can be shown to have significant improvements over standard white-light imaging techniques. This is true for both microscopy and in vivo imaging. However, hyperspectral imaging methods have suffered from slow application times. Often, minutes are required to gather a full imaging stack. Here we will describe the system and evaluate optimizations and applications of a novel excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging system. We have developed and are optimizing a novel approach called excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging that provides an order of magnitude increased signal strength. Optimization of the light path, optical components and illumination sources have allowed us to achieve high speed image acquisition. This high speed allows for potential live video acquisition. This excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging technology has potential to impact a range of applications. The current system allows triggering of up to 16 wavelengths at less than 1 millisecond per image using digital strobing. Analog intensity control is also provided for a fully customizable excitation profile. A significant advantage of excitation scanning hyperspectral imaging is can identify multiple targets simultaneously in real time. We are optimizing the system to compare sensitivity and specificity of excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging with pathology techniques. Finally, we are exploring utilizing this technology to measure cAMP distribution in three dimensions within a cell.
Impacts of wildfires on interannual trends in land surface phenology: an investigation of the Hayman Fire

Land surface phenology (LSP) derived from satellite data has been widely associated with recent global climate change. However, LSP is frequently influenced by land disturbances, which significantly limits our understanding of the phenological trends driven by climate change. Because wildfire is one of the most significant disturbance agents, we investigated the influences of wildfire on the start of growing season (SOS) and the interannual trends of SOS in the Hayman Fire area that occurred in 2002 in Colorado using time series of daily MODIS data (2001–2014). Results show that the Hayman Fire advanced the area-integrated SOS by 15.2 d and converted SOS from a delaying trend of 3.9 d/decade to an advancing trend of −1.9 d/decade during 2001–2014. The fire impacts on SOS increased from low burn severity to high burn severity. Moreover, the rate of increase of annual maximum and minimum EVI2 from 2003–2014 reflects that vegetation greenness could recover to pre-fire status in 2022 and 2053, respectively, which suggests that the fire impacts on the satellite-derived SOS variability and the interannual trends should continue in the next few decades.
A National Profile Of End-Of-Life Caregiving In The United States

To date, knowledge of the experiences of older adults’ caregivers at the end of life has come from studies that were limited to specific diseases and so-called primary caregivers and that relied on the recollections of people in convenience samples. Using nationally representative, prospective data for 2011, we found that 900,000 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries ages sixty-five and older who died within the following twelve months received support from 2.3 million caregivers. Nearly nine in ten of these caregivers were unpaid. Compared to other caregivers, end-of-life caregivers provided nearly twice as many hours of care per week and, especially in the case of spousal caregivers, reported more care-related challenges. Yet older adults at the end of life were not significantly more likely than other older adults to receive caregiving funded by government, state, or private insurance. To meet the needs of older adults at the end of life, their unpaid caregivers must receive greater recognition and...
A CREB-MPP7-AMOT Regulatory Axis Controls Muscle Stem Cell Expansion and Self-Renewal Competence.

Summary Skeletal muscle regeneration requires resident muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells (SCs). SCs are largely quiescent during homeostasis yet become activated upon injury to supply myonuclei and self-renewed SCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the competence of SCs to proliferate and self-renew in response to injury remain unclear. Here, we show that CREB activity establishes proliferative potential during SC quiescence. SCs with inhibited CREB activity remain quiescent and positioned in their niche, but upon injury, they cannot enter or maintain a proliferative state for expansion and self-renewal. We demonstrate mechanistically that Mpp7 is a CREB target and its functional mediator. MPP7 loss affects the level and sub-cellular localization of AMOT and YAP1 in quiescent SCs. Furthermore, MPP7 and AMOT are required for YAP1 nuclear accumulation, and the three are individually required for a proliferative state in myoblasts. We propose that the CREB-MPP7-AMOT-YAP1 axis establishes the competence of quiescent SCs to expand and self-renew, thereby preserving stem cell function.
Association Between Coffee Intake After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer and Reduced Mortality

Abstract Background & Aims Few studies have examined the association between coffee intake and survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed a prospective study to investigate the association between coffee intake after a diagnosis of CRC and mortality. Methods We collected data from the Nurses' Health Study (1984–2012) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2012), following 1599 patients diagnosed with stage 1 or 2 CRC. CRC was reported on questionnaires and ascertained by review of medical records and pathology reports; intake of food and beverages was determined from responses to semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Participants were asked how often during the previous year that they consumed coffee, with 1 cup as the standard portion size. The first questionnaire response collected at least 6 months but not more than 4 years after diagnosis was used for assessment of post-diagnostic intake (median time from diagnosis to the dietary assessment, 2.2 years). The last sFFQ prior to diagnosis was used to assess pre-diagnostic dietary intake. Results During a median of 7.8 years of follow-up, we documented 803 deaths, of which 188 were due to CRC. In the multivariable adjusted models, compared with nondrinkers, patients who consumed at least 4 cups of coffee per day had a 52% lower risk of CRC-specific death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28–0.83; P for trend=.003) and 30% reduced risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54–0.91; P for trend Conclusions In an analysis data from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we associated intake of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee after diagnosis of CRC with lower risk of CRC-specific death and overall death. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which coffee might reduce CRC progression.
Superconductor Electronics and the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems

The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) recently succeeded the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The roadmap driver changed from scaling physical dimensions to application requirements and now includes a broader range of non-semiconductor technologies, such as superconductor electronics (SCE). We review current applications for SCE, ranging from development activities to small- scale commercial products. Computational accelerators within data centers and other future applications will require significant improvements in circuit density, complexity, functional capability, memory capacity, and data rates in and out of the cryogenic environment. As a first step, we propose to develop an application-driven roadmap for superconducting digital computing that will include key decisions to be made by the superconductor electronics community.
Laws of Fear: Precautions and Paralysis

All over the world, there is increasing interest in a simple idea for the regulation of risk: In case of doubt, follow the Precautionary Principle . Avoid steps that will create a risk of harm. Until safety is established, be cautious; do not require unambiguous evidence. In a catchphrase: Better safe than sorry. In ordinary life, pleas of this kind seem quite sensible, indeed a part of ordinary human rationality. People buy smoke alarms and insurance. They wear seatbelts and motorcycle helmets, even if they are unlikely to be involved in an accident. Shouldn't the same approach be followed by rational regulators as well? Many people, especially in Europe, seem to think so. In fact it has become standard to say that with respect to risks, Europe and the United States can be distinguished along a single axis: Europe accepts the Precautionary Principle, and the United States does not. On this view, Europeans attempt to build a “margin of safety” into public decisions, taking care to protect citizens against risks that cannot be established with certainty. By contrast, Americans are reluctant to take precautions, requiring clear evidence of harm in order to justify regulation. These claims seem plausible in light of the fact that the United States appears comparatively unconcerned about the risks associated with global warming and genetic modification of food; in those contexts, Europeans favor precautions, whereas Americans seem to require something akin to proof of danger.
Advancing a Culture of Clinical Nursing Research Through Collaborative Partnership Between Practice and Academia

Engaging in clinical inquiry is a natural foundation for a nurse's critical thinking strategy and application to practice. Transforming clinical inquiry into a formal research question designed to improve patient care and/or the practice environment can, however, sometimes seem overwhelming to clinical nurses. It may even be seen as out of scope for their daily practice. As a result, aligning the trifold mission of service, education, and research at an Academic Health Sciences Center can be challenging unless there exists a purposeful strategy to achieve this goal. Since the publication of the Institute of Medicine "Future of Nursing Report" in 2010, Emory Healthcare Nursing and the Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (SON) have sought to advance the vision and mission of strengthening and sustaining a culture of clinical inquiry to advance nursing science through nurse-led research. This vision also aligns with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing to identify paths for achieving enhanced partnerships between academic nursing and academic health centers. This goal has been conceptually important since then. In the last 2 years, there has been a renewed and invigorated commitment between Emory Healthcare Nursing and the Emory School of Nursing to forge a path for improving and sustaining a rigorous culture of collaborative and interprofessional research. This article describes the journey of the "One Emory Nursing" initiative, which spans from bedside/chairside to bench and back again. This work is built on a foundation of clinical nurses engaged in leading research that is designed to transform care in partnership with SON.
Mixing of Injectable Fillers: A National Survey.

BACKGROUNDThe mixing of hyaluronic acid or calcium hydroxylapatite fillers with normal saline, plain lidocaine, or lidocaine with epinephrine before injection is a familiar practice among dermatologists. However, the frequency of this practice and rationale behind it has not been well studied.OBJECT
Integrating human and pet healthcare

We read Anthony Andrews’ letter on integrating human and animal welfare for those on the streets and the Streetvet response with interest ( VR , 26 January 2019, vol 184, pp 128-129). It highlights the need for human and animal support services, which is something we are providing in Suffolk. Our Special Friends is a charity that supports vulnerable pet owners and works in partnership with human health and social care; as well as vets and animal charities. …
Abstract P213: Serum Metabolomic Profile of Dietary Acid Load in Two Chronic Kidney Disease Studies

Background: Dietary acid load reflects the balance between acid-producing foods (meat, cheese) and base-producing foods (fruits, vegetables), and is clinically important due to its association with...
Plastic energy dissipation as a parameter to characterize crack growth

The global plastic energy dissipation for crack initiation and slow growth was experimentally determined for monotonic, quasi-static loading conditions utilizing compact tension and three-point bend specimens of HY-130 steel. For non-side-grooved specimens, the global plastic energy dissipation was linear with crack extension. For side-grooved specimens, however, the global plastic energy dissipation R-curves were not linear. Moreover, for non-side-grooved specimens, the values of the global plastic energy dissipation at crack growth initiation and the global plastic energy dissipation rate were found to be dependent on specimen size, geometry, and initial crack length. Although no tests were conducted to determine the sensitivity of side-grooved specimens to size or initial crack length, it was found that, for these specimens, the geometry dependence of the global plastic energy dissipation rate was minimized but not eliminated.
Concluding remarks for advances in ion spectroscopy Faraday Discussion

Because the Introductory Lecture of this Faraday Discussion emphasized the recent history and exciting developments in the fields of experimental methods and applications of gaseous ion spectroscopy, these Concluding Remarks are, by design, directed somewhat more toward the roles played by theory. In discussing both the experimental and theoretical studies of gaseous ions, it is important to recognize and appreciate the delicate balance workers in the field are pursuing in terms of methodological/tool development and applications to current-day pressing problems in chemistry, physics, materials science, and biology. Without both components of modern research in this field, progress will not be efficient. Substantial discussion is included about the reductive approach that is commonly used to attempt to connect studies of ions in the gas phase (i.e., as isolated species) with properties of these ions as they exist in nature. Issues of how small a model system can be, to what extent surroundings/solvation can be addressed, and how our experimental or theoretical tools might limit us are all discussed in some detail. The current ability of theory to assist in the interpretation of experimental spectral data on gaseous ions is discussed, as are several of the most pressing limitations of theory on this front. Finally, the author offers his thoughts about what advances/improvements in theory are needed and the outlook for when they might be expected, and urges the experimental community to remain in close contact with theory groups developing new methods so that progress can be optimized.
Approximation and estimation of s-concave densities via Rényi divergences

In this paper, we study the approximation and estimation of $s$-concave densities via Renyi divergence. We first show that the approximation of a probability measure $Q$ by an $s$-concave density exists and is unique via the procedure of minimizing a divergence functional proposed by [Ann. Statist. 38 (2010) 2998–3027] if and only if $Q$ admits full-dimensional support and a first moment. We also show continuity of the divergence functional in $Q$: if $Q_{n}\to Q$ in the Wasserstein metric, then the projected densities converge in weighted $L_{1}$ metrics and uniformly on closed subsets of the continuity set of the limit. Moreover, directional derivatives of the projected densities also enjoy local uniform convergence. This contains both on-the-model and off-the-model situations, and entails strong consistency of the divergence estimator of an $s$-concave density under mild conditions. One interesting and important feature for the Renyi divergence estimator of an $s$-concave density is that the estimator is intrinsically related with the estimation of log-concave densities via maximum likelihood methods. In fact, we show that for $d=1$ at least, the Renyi divergence estimators for $s$-concave densities converge to the maximum likelihood estimator of a log-concave density as $s\nearrow0$. The Renyi divergence estimator shares similar characterizations as the MLE for log-concave distributions, which allows us to develop pointwise asymptotic distribution theory assuming that the underlying density is $s$-concave.
DECA: scalable XHMM exome copy-number variant calling with ADAM and Apache Spark

XHMM is a widely used tool for copy-number variant (CNV) discovery from whole exome sequencing data but can require hours to days to run for large cohorts. A more scalable implementation would reduce the need for specialized computational resources and enable increased exploration of the configuration parameter space to obtain the best possible results. DECA is a horizontally scalable implementation of the XHMM algorithm using the ADAM framework and Apache Spark that incorporates novel algorithmic optimizations to eliminate unneeded computation. DECA parallelizes XHMM on both multi-core shared memory computers and large shared-nothing Spark clusters. We performed CNV discovery from the read-depth matrix in 2535 exomes in 9.3 min on a 16-core workstation (35.3× speedup vs. XHMM), 12.7 min using 10 executor cores on a Spark cluster (18.8× speedup vs. XHMM), and 9.8 min using 32 executor cores on Amazon AWS’ Elastic MapReduce. We performed CNV discovery from the original BAM files in 292 min using 640 executor cores on a Spark cluster. We describe DECA’s performance, our algorithmic and implementation enhancements to XHMM to obtain that performance, and our lessons learned porting a complex genome analysis application to ADAM and Spark. ADAM and Apache Spark are a performant and productive platform for implementing large-scale genome analyses, but efficiently utilizing large clusters can require algorithmic optimizations and careful attention to Spark’s configuration parameters.
Time-of-day and Meal Size Effects on Clinical Lipid Markers

CONTEXT Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease are common in shift workers and eating at night may contribute to this pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of eating at different times of day on lipid profiles. DESIGN Two 24-hour baseline days with 8 hours of sleep, 3 meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and a snack, followed by a 40-hour constant routine (CR) with hourly isocaloric meals. SETTING Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one healthy adults [23.4 ± 2.7 years, 5F]. INTERVENTION Forty-hour CR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A standard clinical lipid panel, consisting of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was assayed in blood samples collected 4-hourly across ~4 days. RESULTS When participants ate at night, levels of TG were similar to eating during the day, however, these levels at night were reached with consuming approximately half the calories. Additionally, 24-hour levels of TG were 10% higher when meals were consumed hourly across 24 hours compared to consuming a typical 3-meal schedule while awake during the day and sleeping at night. The endogenous circadian rhythms of TG, which peaked at night, were shifted earlier by ~10 hours under baseline conditions, whereas the rhythms in total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C remained unchanged and peaked in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS The time-of-day dependency on postprandial lipid metabolism, which leads to hypersensitivity in TG responses when eating at night, may underlie the dyslipidemia and elevated cardiovascular disease risk observed in shift workers.
Testing (Infinitely) Many Zero Restrictions

We present a max-test statistic for testing (possibly infinitely) many zero parameter restrictions in a general parametric regression framework. The test statistic is based on estimating the key parameters one at a time in many models of possibly vastly smaller dimension than the original model, and choosing the largest in absolute value from these individually estimated parameters. Under mild conditions the parsimonious models identify whether the original parameter of interest is or is not zero. The potentially much lower dimension of the many models used ensures greater estimator accuracy, and using only the largest in a sequence of weighted estimators reduces test statistic complexity and therefore estimation error, ensuring sharper size and greater power in practice. Weights allow for standardization in order to control for estimator dispersion. We use a simulation method or parametric bootstrap for p-value computation without directly requiring the max-statistic's limit distribution. This is critically useful when asymptotically infinitely many parameters are estimated. Existing extreme theory does not exist for the maximum of a sequence of a strongly dependent or nonstationary sequence that arise from estimating many regression models. A simulation experiment shows the max-test dominates a conventional bootstrapped test.
Epistemic repugnance four ways

Value-based epistemology sees epistemic norms as explained by or grounded in distinctively epistemic values. This paper argues that, no matter what epistemic value is, credences or beliefs about some topics have at most infinitesimal amounts of this value. This makes it hard to explain why epistemic norms apply at all to credences or beliefs on these topics. My argument is inspired by a recent series of papers on epistemic versions of Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion. The discussion in those papers parallels work in ethics, because it focuses on an epistemic value—accuracy—that shares features with ethical values like well-being. I argue that, because of this focus, this discussion is inconclusive and only relevant to accounts of epistemic value that share those features. My argument is more general and more conclusive. It uses four types of problem cases that have no parallel in ethics. It applies to all extant accounts of the value of individual beliefs or credences and all extant accounts of the value of total doxastic states.
Reliability of Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements and Correlation With Left Ventricular Mass.

Abstract Background Determining the reliability and predictive validity of office blood pressure (OBP), ambulatory BP (ABP), and home BP (HBP) can inform which is best for diagnosing hypertension a...
Case 11: An Impossible Situation?

You are working in a cottage/mission hospital in northern Zululand, South Africa, as the only anesthesiologist. It is late at night. A 35-year-old previously healthy male, who has been stabbed in the neck with a wooden knife, is admitted to the emergency room. His vital signs are stable and he is awake and cooperative. The wooden knife’s handle is visible sticking out of his neck with the wooden blade disappearing under the clavicle and directed toward the heart. He is otherwise healthy with no previous surgeries or allergies to drugs. The surgeon wants to remove the knife under general anesthesia. You send off blood for crossmatch and place two large peripheral bore IVs. The patient is taken to the operating room. After four units of blood are made available, you anesthetize him with a rapid sequence technique. He tolerates the anesthetic induction well and his vital signs remain unchanged. The surgeon cleans the neck and pulls out the wooden knife. There is sudden tachycardia with a dramatic drop in blood pressure. Severe bleeding is seen from the neck wound. The surgeon now does a sternotomy and discovers to everyone’s dismay that there is a 0.5–1 cm hole in the aortic arch between the innominate and the left common carotid arteries. Your training dictates that the patient be placed immediately on cardiopulmonary bypass, but you know there is no such machine available.
Anisotropic Transport Distribution Functions for Potassium

Recent calculations of the electrical resistivity of potassium have shown that the effect of anisotropy in the electron distribution function, \( \Phi \overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}$}}\to {k} \left( T \right) \), becomes significant at low temperatures. However, the two approximate methods that have been used to calculate the resistivity give markedly different estimates as to the size of the effect. For example, at 3 K a variational calculation employing several different trial functions gave a correction that is less than one third that obtained using a one iteration approximation to the solution of the Boltzmann equation for \( \Phi \overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}$}}\to {k} \left( T \right) \). In an attempt to resolve this discrepancy, we have iterated the Boltzmann equation to convergence to obtain the correct distribution function at several temperatures. The corresponding corrections to the electrical resistivity due to any anisotropy in \( \Phi \overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}$}}\to {k} \left( T \right) \) are also presented and compared to the results obtained using the two approximate methods mentioned above. Finally, a qualitative discussion of the effect of phonon drag on our results is given.
Microbial activity is not always limited by nitrogen in Arctic tundra soils

Abstract Both primary productivity and decomposition appear to be limited by low soil nitrogen (N) availability throughout much of the Arctic tundra active growing season, making these ecosystems among the most N-limited in the world. Climate warming may potentially stimulate microbial activities such as N mineralization, which could have cascading long-term effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems. Despite previous evidence of N limitation to microbial decomposition in Arctic tundra, N may not limit microbial activity throughout the entire active season. Labile carbon (C) may be co-limiting for portions of the active season when there is relatively high inorganic N and/or low labile C availability. To assess seasonal variation in the controls on microbial activity, we conducted a series of laboratory incubations with soils collected at the beginning and peak of the active season in two years to examine intra-seasonal and annual variability of soil microbial N limitation in an Arctic moist acidic tundra (MAT) soil. The soil incubations were set-up in a factorial design with treatments of added N or DI water as a control and incubation temperatures of 5 °C and 15 °C. We measured chloroform-labile C and N (as a proxy for microbial biomass), extractable nutrients, C-mineralization and potential enzyme activities. In contrast to previous studies, we found that these metrics of microbial activity were not consistently stimulated by N additions; rather, added N was primarily immobilized by microbes resulting in decreased chloroform-labile C:N ratios. Stimulation of C mineralization by N addition was short-lived and variable between our two sampling dates within a single active season. Additionally, there were differences in temperature sensitivities of C mineralization and contrasting effects of N amendment on enzyme activities between the two study years. These findings suggest that, at times, other factors co-limit microbial activities in MAT soils. The current dogma of universal N-limitation to microbial activity may need to be refined in light of these results, to more accurately predict the fate of the large amounts of C currently sequestered in Arctic tundra soils.
A study of gust response for a rotor-propeller in cruising flight

Equations of motion for a rotor-propeller aircraft in cruising flight have been developed and implemented in a computer program. The formulation is based on Galerkin's method using coupled mode shapes for the blade and wing. This procedure is applied to the analysis of two types of rotors, gimballed rotor and hingeless. The results are evaluated by means of eigenvalue analysis of the stability of the system and frequency response analysis of the gust and control response.
Brief Note: Tritiated Thymidine as a Cytocidal Agent in Human Leukemia

SUMMARY 1. Two patients with acute leukemia had considerable decreases in leukemic cells in the peripheral blood as well as reduction in size of spleen and leukemic masses after 10 injections of 3H-TDR given over a 5-day period. Each injection was 0.25 µc./Gm. body weight. 2. The pertinent aspects of cytotoxic effects of 3H-TDR are reviewed. 3. The radiation doses delivered to the nucleus are estimated from autoradiographic data. 4. Evidence is presented for the observed effects being due to 3H-TDR.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in rice using double haploid population

With 2 figures and 1 table Abstract This study used a double haploid (DH) population of ‘Maybelle’, a USA japonica variety susceptible to sheath blight (ShB), and ‘Baiyeqiu’, a Chinese indica landrace resistant to ShB, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling rice ShB resistance. The DH population (251 lines) was inoculated with R. solani strain RH-9. A molecular linkage map saturated with 227 markers was constructed. We detected a total of four QTL located on four different chromosomes (qShB1, qShB2, qShB3 and qShB5). The qShB1 QTL explained 8.9% of the phenotypic variation in 2007 and 13.2% in 2008.
e+e− Interactions

The field of e+e− interactions has provided a great deal of excitement in the past few years1–9). Primarily, interest has centered around the reaction e+e− → hadrons. This reaction is particularly attractive because we believe in electromagnetic perturbation theory, which implies that the cross section for hadron production is dominated by one photon annihilation of the electron and positron. As a consequence of the single photon intermediate state the quantum numbers of the hadronic system are well defined, a nearly unique situation in hadron physics. The hadronic state must share the spin, parity and charge conjugation assignement of the photon, JPC = 1−−. A unique property of e+e− physics with a storage ring is that the experiment is performed in the center of mass. This means that the total energy and momentum are Known as well. A particular advantage over pp experiments is that the baryon number is zero, resulting in a considerable simplification of the final state. Thus the e+e− system is a particularly convenient probe to study photon-hadron coupling.
Insulin induction of ornithine decarboxylase. Importance of mRNA secondary structure and phosphorylation of eucaryotic initiation factors eIF-4B and eIF-4E.

Abstract We investigated the possibility that insulin could stimulate translation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA in a murine fibroblast cell line that expresses large numbers of human insulin receptors (HIR 3.5 cells). Within 3 h after exposure to 70 nM insulin, ODC enzyme activity increased approximately 50-fold and mRNA accumulation 3-fold in the HIR 3.5 cells but not in normal fibroblasts. Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide completely inhibited insulin-stimulated ODC expression; actinomycin D partially inhibited this effect. To determine the influence of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of ODC mRNA on insulin-regulated ODC expression, plasmids were constructed which contained sequences from the 5'UTR of a rat ODC mRNA interposed between the ferritin promoter and the coding region of the human growth hormone gene. These constructions were then expressed transiently in HIR 3.5 cells. Insulin stimulated a 2-4-fold change in growth hormone accumulation in the medium of cells transiently expressing plasmids containing the entire 5'UTR of ODC mRNA or just the 5'-most 115 bases, a G/C-rich conserved sequence predicted to form a stem-loop structure and shown previously to be responsible for constitutive inhibition of translation. There was a direct correlation between the extent of insulin stimulation and the predicted secondary structure of the added 5'UTR sequences. To determine whether this effect might be due to insulin activation of initiation factors responsible for melting mRNA secondary structure, we examined the effect of insulin on the phosphorylation states of two such factors, eucaryotic initiation factors eIF-4B and eIF-4E. Insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of both initiation factors; this stimulation was evident at 15 min and maximal by 60 min. These results suggest a potential general mechanism by which insulin could preferentially stimulate translation of mRNAs whose 5'UTRs exhibit significant secondary structure by activating initiation factors involved in melting such secondary structures.
Surface orientation of liquid crystalline poly(alkylsilanes)

X-ray diffraction measurements on thin films of poly(hexyl-pentylsilane) cast on silicon substrates are presented. The polymer chains pack in a hexagonal lattice which is oriented such that the chains lie parallel to the surface. In addition, a remarkable degree of orientational order was found with the planes containing the neighbor molecules lying in the surface plane. Parallel to the film surface, the average crystallite size is 600 A, while perpendicular to the surface, there is nearly perfect interchain stacking of the polymers throughout the thickness of the film.
Not Only Because of Theory: Dyson, Eddington, and the Competing Myths of the 1919 Eclipse Expedition

One of the most celebrated physics experiments of the twentieth century, a century of many great breakthroughs in physics, took place on May 29th, 1919, in two remote equatorial locations. One was the town of Sobral in northern Brazil, the other the island of Principe off the west coast of Africa. The experiment in question concerned the problem of whether light rays are deflected by gravitational forces, and took the form of astrometric observations of the positions of stars near the Sun during a total solar eclipse. The expedition to observe the eclipse proved to be one of those infrequent, but recurring, moments when astronomical observations have overthrown the foundations of physics. In this case it helped replace Newton’s Law of Gravity with Einstein’s theory of General Relativity as the generally accepted fundamental theory of gravity. It also became, almost immediately, one of those uncommon occasions when a scientific endeavor captures and holds the attention of the public throughout the world.
Comparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the salivary proteome of children with autism spectrum disorder

In the last decades, prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been on the rise. However, clear aetiology is still elusive and improvements in early diagnosis are needed. To uncover possible biomarkers present in ASD, we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), to compare salivary proteome profiling of children with ASD and controls. A total of 889 spots were compared and only those spots with a fold change ≥1.7 and a P-value <0.05 or a fold change of ≥3.0 between ASD cases and controls were analysed by nanoLC-MS/MS. Alpha-amylase, CREB-binding protein, p532, Transferrin, Zn alpha2 glycoprotein, Zymogen granule protein 16, cystatin D and plasminogen were down-regulated in ASD. Increased expression of proto-oncogene Frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1 (FRAT1), Kinesin family member 14, Integrin alpha6 subunit, growth hormone regulated TBC protein 1, parotid secretory protein, Prolactin-inducible protein precursor, Mucin-16, Ca binding protein migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 (MRP14) was observed in individuals with ASD. Many of the identified proteins have previously been linked to ASD or were proposed as risk factors of ASD at the genetic level. Some others are involved in pathological pathways implicated in ASD causality such as oxidative stress, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, immune system disturbances and inflammation. These data could contribute to protein signatures for ASD presence, risk and subtypes, and advance understanding of ASD cause as well as provide novel treatment targets for ASD.
Recurring patterns of inflammatory sinonasal disease demonstrated on screening sinus CT

PURPOSE In order to define specific features on screening sinus CT (SSCT) that will aid the endoscopic surgeon in his approach to patients with inflammatory sinonasal disease, we sought to answer four questions: 1) what recurring patterns of inflammatory sinonasal disease are evident on SSCT; 2) what is the relative frequency of these recurring patterns; 3) how do these CT patterns correlate with the known sinus mucociliary drainage routes; and 4) what are the characteristic radiologic features of each pattern? METHODS We reviewed the clinical and radiologic records of 500 consecutive patients who underwent SSCT as a prelude to possible functional endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS Five recurring radiologic patterns of sinonasal inflammatory disease were identified: 1) infundibular (129/500 or 26%), 2) ostiomeatal unit (126/500 or 25%) 3) sphenoethmoidal recess (32/500 or 6%), 4) sinonasal polyposis (49/500 or 10%), and 5) sporadic (unclassifiable) (121/500 or 24%) patterns. Normal SSCT was seen in 133/500 patients (27%). CONCLUSION Identification of specific patterns of sinonasal disease permits grouping of patients into nonsurgical (normal CT), routine (infundibular, ostiomeatal unit, and most sporadic patterns) and complex (sinonasal polyposis and sphenoethmoidal recess patterns) surgical groups. Assignment of patients to radiologic patterns allows a tailored surgical approach.