cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age and Life-Sustaining Treatment Preferences in Parkinson Disease.

Objective Advance Care Planning (ACP) is one of 10 key elements in the American Academy of Neurology Parkinson disease (PD) clinical practice quality measures. We know little about how aging influences ACP views in people with PD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 39 participants (mean age 70.3 years; range: 52–81) with PD to explore correlations between older age and life-sustaining treatment preferences while controlling for confounders including years of education, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson9s disease Rating Scale motor score. Scenarios asked participants to choose their level of interest in pursuing life-sustaining measures in the setting of specific medical illnesses including stroke, metastatic cancer, severe heart attack, and dementia. All participants were men and were recruited from the Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System. Results In the hypothetical stroke, metastatic colon cancer, and dementia scenarios, older age correlated with more aggressive care goals related to the use cardiopulmonary resuscitation to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusions Advancing age in PD may correlate with paradoxically more aggressive goals as it relates to life-sustaining treatment preferences including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This may reflect a response to heightened concern among older adults with PD about the potential for compromised autonomy in the setting of aging.
A randomized pilot study of patient-preferred live music addressing fatigue, energy, and pain in adults on a medical oncology/hematology unit

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most persistent and commonly occurring side effect of cancer and its treatments. CRF can negatively impact recovery and there is a lack of music intervention res...
Generating complex patterns of gene expression without regulatory circuits

Synthetic biology has successfully advanced our ability to design and implement complex, time-varying genetic circuits to control the expression of recombinant proteins. However, these circuits typically require the production of regulatory genes whose only purpose is to coordinate expression of other genes. When designing very small genetic constructs, such as viral genomes, we may want to avoid introducing such auxiliary gene products while nevertheless encoding complex expression dynamics. To this end, here we demonstrate that varying only the placement and strengths of promoters, terminators, and RNase cleavage sites in a computational model of a bacteriophage genome is sufficient to achieve solutions to a variety of basic gene expression patterns. We discover these genetic solutions by computationally evolving genomes to reproduce desired gene expression time-course data. Our approach shows that non-trivial patterns can be evolved, including complex patterns where the relative ordering of genes by abundance changes over time. We find that some patterns are easier to evolve than others, and comparable expression patterns can be achieved via different genetic architectures. Our work opens up a novel avenue to genome engineering via fine-tuning the balance of gene expression and gene degradation rates.
Polymorphic Accelerators for Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) come with many forms, such as convolutional neural networks, multilayer perceptron and recurrent neural networks, to meet diverse needs of machine learning applications. However, existing DNN accelerator designs, when used to execute multiple neural networks, suffer from underutilization of processing elements, heavy feature map traffic, and large area overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, Polymorphic Accelerators, to address the flexibility issue fundamentally. We introduce the abstraction of logical accelerators to decouple the fixed mapping with physical resources. Three procedures are proposed that work collaboratively to reconfigure the accelerator for the current network that is being executed and to enable cross-layer data reuse among logical accelerators. Evaluation results show that the proposed approach achieves significant improvement in data reuse, inference latency and performance, e.g., 1.52x and 1.63x increase in throughput compared with state-of-the-art flexible dataflow approach and resource partitioning approach, respectively. This demonstrates the effectiveness and promise of polymorphic accelerator architecture.
Experiences with Primary Care in the State of Utah for Gender Diverse People: Surveying the Difficulties in Accessing Healthcare

Abstract Background Transgender and non-binary communities continue to be underserved in healthcare. This study seeks to better understand the barriers and difficulties faced by transgender and non-binary patients in accessing primary care and hormone therapy in Utah. Methods An online survey was developed for transgender and non-binary identifying adults and was advertised via social media and the University of Utah Hospital’s website. Results There were 123 respondents from Utah including 39 trans women, 49 trans men, and 35 non-binary individuals. The age ranged from 18-67 (average 30 years), and 93% were Caucasian. The majority (84%) were insured, yet 67% of respondents reported difficulty accessing primary care. Fear of discrimination and being unable to find trans-friendly providers were reported as the two largest barriers. Non-binary respondents reported fear of discrimination as a barrier to primary care at the highest percentage (92%). Nearly 3 in 4 respondents who have hormone therapy reported difficulty paying for it. One in four trans women reported accessing hormones online or from a friend. Conclusion Utah is currently drastically underequipped to provide for the healthcare needs of transgender and non-binary communities. There needs to be an increase in trans-friendly primary care providers to curb discrimination. More resources and efforts must go into training primary care providers with necessary knowledge to properly serve transgender and non-binary patients. Finally, clear anti-discrimination laws are needed for insurance companies to reduce the financial barrier to transgender health services in Utah.
CT Evaluation of Lymph Nodes That Merge or Split during the Course of a Clinical Trial: Limitations of RECIST 1.1

The calculations in Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 do not optimally represent changes in nodal size during merging (disease progression) and splitting (disease regression)...
Breastfeeding Duration and Reported Child Maltreatment in a Population-based Alaskan Birth Cohort

Research suggests that breastfeeding may reduce child maltreatment risk. Alaska has high rates of both breastfeeding initiation and maltreatment reports to Child Protective Services (CPS). The present study assessed any and exclusive breastfeeding duration and child maltreatment reports to CPS among Alaskan mother-infant dyads, controlling for demographics and shared risk factors. We used a prospective, population-representative dataset linking 2009–2011 Alaska Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data with 2009–2016 Alaska CPS and administrative state data (n = 3,459). Breastfeeding duration was derived from PRAMS breastfeeding questions and categorized as never, < 1 weeks, 1—9 weeks, and ≥ 10 weeks. Age at first report of maltreatment to Alaska CPS included physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or mental injury. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for confounders. There was no increase in risk of maltreatment report among children never breastfed compared to those breastfed for ≥ 10 weeks. Risk of maltreatment report during the observation period was 1.7 times as high among children breastfed for < 1 week (CI: 1.06, 2.73), and 1.5 times as high among those breastfed for 1–9 weeks (CI: 1.17, 1.80), compared to those breastfed for ≥ 10 weeks. Estimates were attenuated for exclusive breastfeeding. Feeding method did not predict maltreatment reports in this population. Among mothers who initiated breastfeeding, shorter duration was associated with elevated risk of maltreatment reports. Addressing factors that facilitate or prohibit sustained breastfeeding may reduce risk of child maltreatment reports.
Bronchoalveolar inflammatory pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Because of advances in neonatal intensive care resulting in rescue of increasingly premature infants, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may actually be increasing. An expanding database derived from animal and clinical experiments indicates that pulmonary inflammatory autoinjury involving a plethora of both cellular and humoral mediators defines the cellular pathophysiology of BPD. Modulation of the bronchoalveolar inflammatory response provides a potential novel therapeutic arena directly addressing the molecular basis of BPD.
Co-integration and trend-stationarity in macroeconomic time series: Evidence from the likelihood function

Abstract A Bayesian approach to analyzing the co-integration inference is developed and applied to data deemed to be co-integrated by Engle and Granger (1987) and Campbell and Shiller (1987); the approach explicity considers trend-stationary alternatives. It is shown that when trend-stationarity is given zero prior probability the data often appear to be co-integrated. When this prior is relaxed the data support trend-stationary representations.
Hong Kong considers medical savings accounts

As Hong Kong approaches the fourth anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty, its government is refining proposals for reforming the region's publicly funded health care system. In a discussion paper released in December, Health and Welfare Secretary Yeoh Eng-Kiong outlined a wide-ranging
EXPRESSION OF A THYROID HORMONE-RESPONSIVE RECOMBINANT GENE INTRODUCED INTO ADULT MICE LIVERS BY REPLICATION-DEFECTIVE ADENOVIRUS CAN BE REGULATED BY ENDOGENOUS THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR

We constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying the firefly luciferase gene driven by the thymidine kinase promoter and controlled by the palindromic thyroid hormone/retinoic acid-responsive element. The same adenovirus vector without the hormone-responsive element was used as control. Regulation of the luciferase gene expression was tested in pituitary-derived GH cells and hepatoma-derived HepG2 cells infected with the recombinant adenoviruses. Administration of triiodothyronine to GH cells and all-trans-retinoic acid to HepG2 cells resulted in 8.0 +/- 0.3-fold and 4.6 +/- 0.5-fold induction of luciferase activity, respectively. No significant increase was observed with the control adenovirus. Hormonal regulation was also examined in adult mice. Mice depleted of thyroid hormone were injected intravenously with the recombinant adenoviruses and given 4 times the replacement dose of triiodothyronine or vehicle only for 4 days. Hormone administration resulted in 4.2-fold increase of luciferase activity in liver homogenates. No significant effect was observed in animals injected with the control adenovirus. This recombinant adenovirus provides a new experimental system in the study of thyroid hormone and retinoic acid action and offers the potential to regulate by physiological means the expression of genes transferred for the purpose of therapy.
A critical evaluation of film thickness-derived pressure-viscosity coefficients

A single parameter, the pressure–viscosity coefficient, α, quantifies the pressure dependence of the viscosity of the liquid in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). Most published values of α have not been obtained from measurements of viscosity as a function of pressure. Rather, these effective pressure–viscosity coefficients have been derived from the measurement of the EHL film thickness, a more difficult procedure. In this article, five well-characterized liquids that should be Newtonian in the EHL inlet are identified for which film-derived coefficients have been reported. These coefficients are compared with coefficients derived from published viscosity correlations and new viscosity measurements. The film-derived coefficients are found to not be an accurate representation of the piezoviscous response. The procedure of deriving a pressure–viscosity coefficient from a film thickness measurement does not offer an alternative to the simpler and easier viscometer measurement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Report on recent activities at the CPT mass spectrometer

The present report gives a short summary of current work at the CPT mass spectrometer and provides a list of recent references for work published in the last few years.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Monitoring in the Equine Patient

This article briefly reviews the physiology of the neuromuscular junction and the pharmacologic mechanisms of neuromuscular blocking agents. The clinical use of modern agents is discussed. Monitoring techniques used to assess the level of neuromuscular block and to exclude residual paralysis at the end of an anesthetic procedure are reviewed.
Psychometric properties of the Cook Medley Hostility Scale and its association with inflammatory markers in African Americans

Dispositional hostility as measured by the Cook Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale has been associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There is evidence that suggests that factors of hostility are more useful in predicting poor cardiovascular health outcomes than a single hostility construct. The purpose of this study was to investigate the latent factors of hostility and their association with inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in an African-American community sample. This racial/ethnic group has been largely excluded from this line of research despite their disproportionate burden of CVD and its risk factors. Blood samples for plasma IL-6 and CRP were collected on the same day the Ho Scale was administered. Plasma IL-6 and CRP levels were determined using enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent main factors of hostility: Neuroticism, Manichaeism and Moral Primitiveness, and seven intermediary subfactor...
Photovoltaics with dielectric nanoantennas

We investigate photovoltaics incorporating standing nanowire arrays of silicon using a full wave finite element computational approach. The interaction of sunlight with bare nanowires and also with nanowires attached to dielectric nanoantennas are studied. We compute the absorption spectra in each case and compare the results to determine a possible optimal mixture of nanowire-nanoantenna elements for solar applications. We also investigate further the enhancement of absorption by exploiting field intensity patterns within the nanowire arrays. The results illustrate the benefits of using dielectric nanoantennas for applications in nanowire solar cells.
(Tetrahydroborato)bis(triphenylphosphine)copper(I): a redetermination at 90 K

The structure of the title compound, [Cu(PPh3)2(BH4)], has been redetermined at 90 K. The geometric parameters of the present structure agree with those previously studied at room temperature [Lippard & Melmed (1967). Inorg. Chem. 6, 2223–2228; Li et al. (2000). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 19, 91–94], but with significantly improved precision. The molecule has twofold rotation symmetry.
Polymorphic Type-Checking for the Ramified Theory of Types of Principia Mathematica

A formal presentation of the ramified theory of types of the Principia Mathematica of Russell and Whitehead is given (along with the simplified theory of types of Ramsey). The treatment is inspired by but differs sharply from that in a recent paper of Kamareddine, Nederpelt and Laan. Algorithms for determining whether propositional functions are well-typed are described, including a complete algorithm for the ramified theory of types, which is unusual in requiring reasoning about numerical inequalities in the course of deduction of type judgments. Software implementing these algorithms has been developed by the author, and examples of the use of the software are presented. The approach is compared with that of Kamareddine, Nederpelt and Laan, and some brief observations are made about use of the type checker in a proof checker for the ramified theory of types under development.
A comparison of the persuasive effectiveness of qualitative versus quantitative evidence: A test of explanatory hypotheses

This investigation examined the effectiveness of quantitative (statistical) and qualitative (narrative) types of evidence in impacting initial attitude change and the persistence of that change. Vividness, expertise, trustworthiness, and retention were examined as potential mediating variables. Furthermore, this research tested a number of competing hypotheses such as the vividness hypothesis, the availability hypothesis, and the under‐utilization hypothesis. The findings indicate that both types of evidence were equally effective in changing attitudes. However, the attitude change elicited by qualitative evidence tended to be significantly more persistent over time. These data were inconsistent with the vividness and the under‐utilization hypotheses. In contrast, these data were consistent with the availability hypothesis. Recall was higher for those subjects exposed to qualitative evidence. Additionally, retention was found to moderate the effect of evidence on attitudes.
Acrylated lesquerella oil in ultraviolet cured coatings

Abstract A triglyceride of hydroxy fatty acids, lesquerella oil (LO), was structurally modified and used for the first time in the design, synthesis and evaluation of UV cured coatings. The results demonstrate that LO derivatives improved adhesion to metal substrates. For instance, methacrylated LO significantly improved adhesion to steel, and hydroxyethylmethacrylated LO improved adhesion to steel and aluminum substrates. The use of LO derivatives slightly lowered crosslink density and solvent resistance, and increased flexibility at the expense of T g .
Malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous abdominal wall lesions: A fine‐needle aspiration study

Cutaneous and subcutaneous masses of the abdominal wall are uncommon. However, a variety of benign and neoplastic entities can be encountered in this region. We report a series of 22 fine-needle aspirations (FNA) of malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions involving the abdominal wall. All of these lesions were metastatic neoplasms. There were 14 females and eight males, with an age range of 35-83 years (mean 65 years). Twenty-one had a previous history of malignancy. The mean interval between the primary diagnosis and FNA was 26 months (range 1.5-128 months). The sites of origin in order of decreasing frequency were colon (n = 4), ovary (n = 4), breast (n = 3), endometrium (n = 2), melanoma (n = 2), and one case each of cervix, urinary bladder, kidney, pancreas, gallbladder, and lymphoma. One case was a squamous-cell carcinoma of unknown origin. Fourteen of the 22 patients were dead at the end of this study, with a mean survival of 8.4 months (range 0.5-44 months) following FNA. One patient was alive with disease at 13 months, and seven patients were lost to follow-up. Based on this data and on review of the literature we conclude that the majority of malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions of the abdominal wall subject to FNA biopsy are metastatic tumors which originate from intra-abdominal, pelvic, and retroperitoneal organs and that FNA is a highly useful technique in the assessment of these lesions of the abdominal wall.
Optical resolution below λ/4 using synthetic aperture microscopy and evanescent-wave illumination

Evanescent-wave illumination is applied to synthetic-aperture microscopy on a transparent solid substrate to extend the resolution limit to λ/2(n+1) (where n is the substrate refractive index) independent of the lens NA. Using a 633 nm source and a 0.4 NA lens, a resolution to 150 nm (λ/4.2) is demonstrated on a glass (n=1.5) substrate. Further extension to ~74-nm resolution (λ/8.6) is projected with a higher index substrate (n=3.3).
Income and differentials in current fertility

This paper uses data from the 1960 Census on own children and analyzes fertility differences in terms of refined measures of current fertility that have hitherto been impossible to construct. Noting that, on the average, native white women are less fertile than Negroes, that urban women are less fertile than rural women, and that women in the labor force are less fertile than women not in the labor force, the author finds three differentials in fertility by income.
Anisotropy of lattice thermal conductivity in edge-disordered graphene nanoribbons

We present a calculation of the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons, based on solving the Boltzmann transport equation with the full phonon dispersions, a momentum-dependent model for boundary scattering, as well as three-phonon and isotope scattering. The interplay between strong edge roughness scattering and the anisotropy of the phonon dispersions results in thermal conduction that strongly depends on the chiral angle of the nanoribbon. A minimum occurs in the armchair direction and a maximum is attained in zig-zag nanoribbons. We also show that both the thermal conductivity and the amount of armchair/zig-zag anisotropy depend strongly on the width of the nanoribbon and the rms height of the edge roughness, with the smallest and most anisotropic thermal conductivities occuring in narrow GNRs with rough edges.
Connectivity as a Service: Towards optical-based network virtualization

With the emerging of network virtualization, it is envisioned that optical networking should move towards a virtualized substrate to support the next-generation Internet. The virtualization of optical networking enables Connectivity as a Service (CaaS) to the upper layers by supplying virtualized any-to-any bandwidth-abundant connections. In this paper, we present a holistic view of the motivations, architecture, and challenges in network virtualization supported by a virtualized optical substrate. We investigate the integration of these two trends, and discuss the added dimension of complexity to the fundamental virtual network embedding (VNE) problem in network virtualization, by which the logical (or service) network and the physical (or substrate) network are bridged. In addition, we present a prototype optimization model for the VNE problem over wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks, and highlight the open problems that deserve future study.
Formation of helical protein assemblies of IgG and transducin on varied lipid tubules.

Helical protein arrays on lipid tubules are valuable assemblies for studying protein structure and protein–lipid interactions through electron microscopy and crystallography. We describe conditions for forming such arrays from two proteins, IgG and transducin, the photoreceptor G protein, using a variety of lipid surfaces. Anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgG arrays formed on DNP–phosphatidylethanolamine (DNP–PE) mixed with either galactosyl-ceramide lipids or phosphatidylcholine (PC) display different pH sensitivities and dimensions, yet have similar helical symmetries. DNP–PE/PC mixtures formed small crystals and large well-ordered flattened tubules. The peripheral membrane protein transducin (Gt) formed helical arrays either on a mixture of cationic and neutral lipids or on residual photoreceptor lipids. Despite differences in lipid composition, the Gt arrays have similar structures and show similar sensitivity to activation and variations in ionic environment. Gt activation causes the helical assemblies to collapse to small vesicles, a process resembling the vesiculation of activated dynamin–lipid tubules. In a preliminary three-dimensional reconstruction, the hapten-bound IgG appears to make two contacts to the central lipid tubule, presumably via the Fab domains. The ability to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction without tilts illustrates one advantage of helical structures for two-dimensional crystallography, especially for visualizing protein–lipid interactions.
A note on the satisfaction of the boundary conditions for Chebyshev collocation methods in rectangular domains

The way boundary conditions are imposed when applying Chebyshev collocation methods to Poisson and biharmonic-type problems in rectangular domains is investigated. It is shown that careful selection of the number of collocation points leads to a linear system ofn linearly independent equations inn unknowns.
Trace-metal content of Mississippi oil field brines

Abstract Lead-and zinc-rich oil field brines from lowermost Cretaceous formations in central Mississippi locally contain geochemically significant levels of trace metals that are found in several types of sediment-hosted metallic mineral deposits, providing additional support for the genetic link between sedimentary formation waters and these deposits. Copper content of brine samples from Lower Cretaceous formations ranges from
Σ2-collection and the infinite injury priority method

We show that the existence of a recursively enumerable set whose Turing degree is neither low nor complete cannot be proven from the basic axioms of first order arithmetic (P−) together with Σ2-collection (BΣ2). In contrast, a high (hence, not low) incomplete recursively enumerable set can be assembled by a standard application of the infinite injury priority method. Similarly, for each n, the existence of an incomplete recursively enumerable set that is neither lown nor highn-1, while true, cannot be established in P− + BΣn+1. Consequently, no bounded fragment of first order arithmetic establishes the facts that the highn and lown jump hierarchies are proper on the recursively enumerable degrees.
A Primer on Applying to the Liberal Arts College

Being on the academic job market is one of the greatest horrors of scholarly life. An applicant submits dozens of applications and all too frequently receives no response at all from the majority of places to which she applies. The lack of feedback makes it impossible to know why one was not considered good enough for an interview, making it difficult to improve one's applications and job prospects in the future. A recent review of applications for a tenure-track job at a liberal arts college convinced me that many of the applicants lacked a basic understanding of how to market themselves to a search committee at a teaching college. A part of the problem is likely the many years of assimilation into the research culture of their graduate programs; a process that creates a greater intuitive understanding of the culture of major research institutions than of teaching institutions. Nevertheless many applicants do apply for jobs at liberal arts colleges, so a primer is needed for job seekers who want to maximize their chances of getting an interview for those jobs.
Linear cellular automata and recurring sequences in finite fields

A one-dimensional linear cellular automaton with periodic boundary conditions consists of a lattice of sites on a cylinder evolving according to a linear local interaction rule. Limit cycles for such a system are studied as sets of strings on which the rule acts as a shift of sizes/h; i.e., each string in the limit cycle cyclically shifts bys sites inh iterations of the rule. For any given rule, the size of the shift varies with the cylinder sizen. The analysis of shifts establishes an equivalence between the strings of values appearing in limit cycles for these automata, and linear recurring sequences in finite fields. Specifically, it is shown that a string appears in a limit cycle for a linear automaton rule on a cylinder sizen iff its values satisfy a linear recurrence relation defined by the shift value for thatn. The rich body of results on recurring sequences and finite fields can then be used to obtain detailed information on periodic behavior for these systems. Topics considered here include the inverse problem of identifying the set of linear automata rules for which a given string appears in a limit cycle, and the structure under operations (such as addition and complementation) of sets of limit cycle strings.
NMR ANALYSES OF TRYPTOPHAN‐8‐METHOXYPSORALEN PHOTOREACTION PRODUCTS FORMED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

— Proton-made spectroscopy was performed on solutions of l-tryptophan and 8-mcthoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in either D2O or DMSO-d6 in the presence of oxygen before and after irradiation with 360 nm monochromatic light. Irradiation results in the loss of hydrogen atoms at the 3. 4 and 4′. 5′ positions of 8-MOP and at the indole C2 position of tryptophan. Changes in the aliphatic regions of the spectra also occur with irradiation. It is postulated that generation of photoreaction products between 8-MOP and tryptophan involves the 3.4 and 4′.5′ positions of 8-MOP and the imidazole moiety of tryptophan. Reprint requests to: Dr J. Megaw, Laboratory for Ophthalmic Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. Georgia 30322. USA.
Ritual Participation and Social Support in a Major Japanese Festival

In this study, residents of Kyoto's Gion Festival "float-cart neighborhoods " reveal how ritual participation yields a strong sense of community, and this is connected with several forms of social support. By applying the theory of ritual practice to qualitative research conducted in 2003, 1 examine how some of the main participants in this month of rites and festivities gain a sense of belonging and emotional support based on their roles in this historically and culturally significant shrine -related festival. Specifically, highly involved male participants form intimate and exclusive relationships and develop enduring networks that offer feelings of unity and spiritual guidance. With a combination of well-accepted "Western" theories and methods, and an understanding of distinct cultural differences, I explore how involvement in a major Japanese religious festival is positively associated with a sense of community and lasting social support.
Gauge mediation with a small μ term and light squarks

We consider a solution to the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ problem in the context of nonminimal gauge mediation with two singlets and low-scale messengers. This solution reduces tuning associated with the ``little hierarchy'' problem by permitting a naturally small $\ensuremath{\mu}$ term, $\mathcal{O}(100--300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV})$, due to small mixing between the singlets. The smallness of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ also relies crucially on compressing the gauge mediated sparticle spectrum resulting in 330--400 GeV squarks. In addition to a small $\ensuremath{\mu}$ term, the theory achieves ${m}_{\mathrm{Higgs}}g114.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ through a large Higgs quartic coupling when $\mathrm{tan}﻿\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5$. The vacua studied are globally stable with all couplings perturbative to the grand unified theory scale. The amount of tuning required to get the correct electroweak scale is $\mathcal{O}(10%)$, with a similar residual tuning associated with the region of parameter space where the lightest $CP$-even Higgs mass is above the LEP bound.
Bubble formation and dynamics in gas–liquid–solid fluidization—A review

Abstract Current worldwide commercial activities in converting natural gas to fuels and chemicals, or gas-to-liquids technology use slurry bubble column reactors with column sizes considerable larger than those currently in practice. Such commercial activities have prompted further fundamental research interest in fluid and bubble dynamics, transport phenomena and the scale up effects of three-phase fluidization systems. The fundamental behavior of particular relevance to these activities is associated with the elevated temperature and pressure conditions. This review attempts to summarize the salient characteristics of liquid, bubbles, and particles and their interactive behavior and dynamics in the process of bubble formation and bubble rising in gas–liquid–solid fluidization systems. Measurement techniques including both intrusive techniques such as the probes, and non-intrusive techniques such as tomography, that are used to study fluid and bubble properties in gas–liquid and gas–liquid–solid systems, are illustrated. Governing mechanisms of bubble–particle collision and bubble breakup are discussed. The state-of-the-art computational techniques, that consider both the discrete and the continuum approaches for movement of the particle and bubble phases along with the discrete simulation results, are presented. Of particular emphasis is the effect of pressure and temperature on the fluid and bubble dynamics in three-phase fluidization.
The Effects of Race, Education, and Income on Tipping Behavior

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to find out if African Americans do tip less frequently than Whites and if income and education influence the relationship. Respondents were asked about the frequency of tipping and the reasons for tipping. The results suggest that race was a significant factor in the frequency of tipping servers, bartenders, luggage handlers, taxi drivers, and parking attendants. However, income and education tend to nullify these results. Overall the results suggest that while race may be a factor in some service transactions, much of the race effect be nullified by education and income.
THE ROLE OF MARITAL STATUS IN HEALTH SERVICES EXPENDITURES FOR PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATTIENTS

This study tested the hypothesis that married psychiatric outpatients would have lower total health services expenditures than divorced or separated patients. Chart review of the 471 individuals attending an academic medical center outpatient psychiatric clinic during 1994 identified 131 married, 40 separated, and 93 divorced patients. Separated men had significantly higher average total charges ($16,890) than married ($5,279) or divorced ($5,539) men by one-way ANOVA (p < .05). The nonparametiric Mann-Whitney test also showed that separated men had higher charges than married or divorced men. There were no differences between marital status groups for women.
Measurement of dynamic soil-pipe axial interaction for full-scale buried pipelines

Abstract Dynamic tests were performed to measure the soil-pipe axial interactions on 12-in. -diameter natural gas pipes at buried depths (to the top of the pipes) of 12 and 27 in. in sand backfill. The pipes were oscillated at frequencies from 0.01 to 12 Hz. A unique feature of these tests is the inclusion of two fixed end-pipes in line with and close to each end of the test pipe. A finite element analysis shows that this configuration reasonably approximates the conditions of a very long pipe. Tests on a 15-ft-long test pipe were performed at displacements up to 0.015 in. and forces up to 5500 lb. It was found that at displacements below about 0.010 in., the pipe does not slip relative to the sand. Only small irreversibilities were observed in the sand deformation. At displacements greater than about 0.01 in., a failure zone was produced in the sand near the sand-pipe interface allowing the pipe to slip relative to the sand. In tests on a 5-ft-long pipe at displacements up to 0.3 in. and forces up to 5500 lb, large displacements were produced similar to those produced in earthquakes that cause pipe damage. The tests established the form of the pipe force-replacement relationship required for analyzing pipeline response in earthquakes. This relationship is highly nonlinear because of the formation of the failure surface and subsequent slip of the pipe in the sand and the different unloading and reloading paths during oscillations of the pipe. The nonlinear form of the pipe force-displacement relationship is expected to be similar in actual buried pipes as in the experiments described here. However, slip may not occur as readily in actual pipes because the overburden is greater than the 12 in. used in the experiments in which large slip was produced.
Influence of Hypothermia and Hyperthermia on Survival Time of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Shock.

SummaryObservations on 44 dogs submitted to standardized bleeding and reinfusion procedures which induce irreversible hemorrhagic shock showed that the survival period following reinfusion of heparinized blood is definitely extended by a hypothermic state, but with one exception all dogs succumbed.
Large eddy simulation/probability density function simulations of bluff body stabilized flames

Abstract This work presents large eddy simulation/probability density function (LES/PDF) simulation results for the Sandia/Sydney series of bluff-body stabilized CH 4 / H 2 flames. Results are presented for the flames HM1, HM2 and HM3, using the 19-species ARM2 reduced chemical mechanism, and comparison is made with previous numerical simulations of the same flames. When compared to previous numerical studies of these bluff-body flames, the present simulation shows considerable improvement, particularly in the downstream regions of the flow. The simulations are shown to be sensitive to the treatment of heat transfer to the bluff-body face, with better agreement in the temperature profiles achieved with the addition of a Dirichlet temperature boundary condition.
Potential Vorticity and Layer Thickness Variations in the Flow around Jupiter's Great Red Spot and White Oval BC

Layer thickness variations in Jupiter's atmosphere are investigated by treating potential vorticity as a conserved tracer. Starting with the horizontal velocity field measured from Voyager images, fluid trajectories around the Great Red Spot (GRS) and White Oval BC are calculated. The flow is assumed to be frictionless, adiabatic, hydrostatic, and steady in the reference frame of the vortex. Absolute vorticity is followed along each trajectory; its magnitude is assumed to vary directly as the thickness, which is defined as the mass per unit area between potential temperature surfaces. To the accuracy of the observations. the inferred thickness is a separable function of trajectory and latitude. The latitude dependence has positive curvature near the GRS and BC. The relative variations of thickness with respect to latitude are generally larger than the relative variations of Coriolis parameter with respect to latitude—the beta effect. The data are a useful diagnostic which will help differentiate between models, of Jovian vortices. The present analysis employs a quasi-geostrophic model in which a thin upper weather layer, which contains the vortex, is supported hydrostatically by a much deeper lower layer. In this model, the upper free surface does not contribute to the observed variation of thickness along trajectories. Such variations are due exclusively to bottom topography—flow of the deep lower layer relative to the vortex. The observation are used to infer the form of the deep zonal velocity profile vs. latitude. The magnitude of the profile depends on the unknown static stability. The principal result is the existence of horizontal shear in the deep layer zonal velocity profile, i.e., the lower layer is not in solid body rotation and does not act like a flat solid surface. In this respect the data support the hypothesis of Ingersoll and Cuong concerning motions in the deep layer. However at some latitudes the data violate Ingersoll and Cuong's criterion governing the compactness of the vortices. At these latitudes the topography allows standing Rossby waves (wakes) extending far downstream to the west. Observed wavelike features, the filamentary regions, are possibly formed by this mechanism.
Performance enhancement in buffered delta networks using crossbar switches and multiple links

Abstract It is shown that the throughput of buffered delta networks can be increased substantially by modifying the structure and operation of their crossbar switches, by using multiple links to connect the switches in the network, or by combining multiple delta networks in parallel. The variations tried in the structure of the crossbar switches are the size of the switch and the number of buffers in each switch, their capacity, and their position in the switch. Among the alternatives mentioned above, the use of two parallel links for each switch connection results in the highest throughput improvement.
Two-Stage Alpha-Beta-Gamma Estimator For Tracking Maneuvering Targets

The two-stage Alpha-Beta-Gamma Estimator is proposed as an alternative to adaptive gain versions of the Alpha-Beta and Alpha-Beta-Gamma filters for tracking maneuvering targets. The purpose of this paper is to accomplish constant gain, variable dimension filtering with a two-stage Alpha-Beta-Gamma Estimator which is derived from a two-stage Kalman estimator. The noise variance reduction matrix and steady-state error covariance matrix are given as a function of the steady-state gains. A procedure for filter parameter selection is also given along with techniques for maneuver response and gain scheduled initialization.
Chirped fiber Brillouin frequency-domain distributed sensing

A frequency-domain distributed temperature/strain sensor based on a longitudinally graded optical fiber (LGF) is proposed and evaluated. In an LGF, the Brillouin scattering frequency, νB, changes (i.e., is chirped) lengthwise monotonically and thus every position along the fiber has a unique νB. Any change locally (at some position) in the fiber environment will result in a measurable change in the shape of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) near the frequency component mapped to that position. This is demonstrated via measurements and modeling for an LGF with local heating. The LGF is one with ∼100 MHz Brillouin frequency gradient over 16.7 m, with 1.1 and 1.7 m segments heated up to 40 K above ambient. A measurement of the BGS can enable the determination of a thermal (or strain) distribution along a sensor fiber, thus rendering the system one that is in the frequency domain. A sensitivity analysis is also presented for both coherent and pump-probe BGS measurement schemes. The modeling results suggest that the frequency-domain systems based on fibers with a chirped Brillouin frequency are highly suited as inexpensive event sensors (alarms) and have the potential to reach submeter position determination with sub-1-K temperature accuracies at >1 kHz sampling rates. Limitations to the technique are discussed.
Mapping Sex Group Stereotypes of Elementary and High School Students.

This study investigated the sex group stereotypes of youths of elementary and high school age. A total of 60 males and 60 females evaluated “boys” and “girls” on a semantic differential type scale. The results indicated that younger members of both sexes were more positive about their own sex and more negative about the opposite sex than were their older counterparts. In addition, adolescent males, but not adolescent females, adopted more favorable evaluations of the opposite sex over their own sex group. Possible explanations are offered to account for these findings.
Evaluation of the emergency department chest pain patient

Patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain are a common and perplexing problem. Because of the limitations of the initial evaluation, most patients are admitted, although many are found to have noncardiac causes of their symptoms. Recognition of these limitations has driven the investigation of newer evaluation techniques and protocols in an attempt to improve diagnostic sensitivity without increasing overall costs. These have included modifications of the standard electrocardiogram and use of newer myocardial markers of necrosis, such as mass assays for CK-MB as well as troponin T and troponin I. Use of acute rest myocardial perfusion imaging also has been shown to be a highly valuable technique for risk stratification of the intermediate- to low-risk chest pain patient.
Antigenic relationship between human coronavirus strain OC 43 and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67N of swine: antibody responses in human and animal sera.

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (HEV) was adapted to growth in suckling mouse brain. Electron micrographs of HEV-infected suckling mouse brain, prepared by negative staining and thin-section techniques, exhibited typical morphological characteristics shared with other members of the Coronaviridae. The adaptation of HEV to suckling mouse brain facilitated serologic testing by the use of common host reagents and compatible animal systems. With hemagglutination inhibition, complement-fixation, and neutralization tests, an antigenic relationship was demonstrated between human coronavirus OC 43 and HEV in specific immune and hyperimmune animal sera. Children and adults with seroconversion to OC 43 antigen had diagnostic rises in titer of antibody to HEV antigens. Individuals with seroconversion to human coronaviruses 229E and B814 demonstrated antibody to HEV but not diagnostic rises in titer. Swine with titers of antibody to HEV had lower or no detectable titers of antibody to coronavirus OC 43. Although the prevalence and geometric mean titer of antibody to OC 43 were higher than the titer of antibody to HEV in every group of normal humans tested, significant differences in antibody response to coronavirus OC 43 and HEV were seen between populations that did or did not have possible contact with swine. The evidence suggested that antibody to HEV in humans probably represented a heterologous response to infection with coronavirus OC 43. However, a heterotypic response to unknown or uncharacterized strains of coronavirus cannot be excluded.
Acromegaly pre- and postpituitary irradiation.

Abstract Early diagnosis and evaluation of the degree of activity of acromegaly often present a perplexing clinical problem. No simple clinical test is currently available that will define activity in all cases. Costochondral junction rib biopsy, plasma growth hormone assays and urinary hydroxyproline measurements have improved the assessment of activity. Overall clinical evaluation remains essential in determining the degree of activity and need for therapy. Conventional external irradiation procedures do not appear to be the indisputable treatment of choice in active acromegaly. In view of our clinical experience with the lack of objective changes following conventional external pituitary irradiation, Yttrium 90 hypophysectomy, cryohypophysectomy technics and proton beam (heavy particle) irradiation should be further explored.
The thoracic deep flexor motor neurons in the crayfish: Variations in a segmental motor pool

Abstract 1. 1. Phasic flexor motor neurons to the deep flexor musculature in the thorax of Procambarus clarkii were stained by axonal diffusion of cobalt chloride. 2. 2. Specific cells could be identified and compared to their abdominal homologs on the bases of morphology and location. 3. 3. Thoracic phasic flexor motor neurons differed from their abdominal homologs in (1) size; (2) numbers; (3) location of posterior cells, and (4) morphology of motor giants. 4. 4. These differences are related to structural components unique to the thoracic portion of the crayfish nervous system and musculature.