cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ectopic suprasellar growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma: case report.

Objective Ectopic pituitary adenomas are rare. We present an unusual case of an ectopic growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma in the suprasellar space. Clinical presentation A 31-year-old man presented with a history of chronic headache and typical clinical signs of acromegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a suprasellar mass not arising from the normal looking pituitary gland. Intervention The patient underwent gross total removal of the tumor through a pterional approach. At the time of follow-up, he met the criteria of endocrinological cure. Histological examination showed a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma Conclusion Although uncommon, growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas are encountered in the suprasellar region. They should be added to the differential diagnosis of tumors in this location.
Attitude bolstering when behavior is inconsistent with central attitudes

Abstract An experiment was conducted to study the effects of behaving inconsistently with a central attitude. In a theoretical account, it is suggested that subjects who score high on a feminism scale and who fail to solve a sex-role problem and thus demonstrate sexist thinking will be motivated to adopt feminist (nonsexist) behavior more than subjects who are either lower in feminism or who don't fail such a problem. Since the attitude is central, attitude bolstering rather than change in the direction of the behavior should be the preferred mode of inconsistency reduction for such subjects. Bolstering, in the form of positive affirmative action decisions, was generally demonstrated by subjects who failed the sex-role problem. This effect was more pronounced for those highest in feminism. No such effects on affirmative action decisions were observed for subjects who didn't fail the sex-role problem. Results support the view that threats to one's self-image caused by one's own counter-attitudinal actions lead to attempts to reestablish those threatened values. A conceptual analysis of the conditions under which bolstering rather than attitude change in the direction of the behavior should be expected is presented.
ON THE HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION OF GEOGRAPHY: AN HISTORICAL MATERIALIST MANIFESTO

The history and present condition of Geography have to be understood historically. A review of the roles of geographical knowledge under capitalism illustrates how it has changed in relation to shifting societal needs. Against such a background it is then possible to fashion an historical materialist interpretation of the present dilemmas of Geography as an academic discipline and to formulate concrete proposals for its transformation.
Boundary Layer Clear-Air Radar Echoes: Origin of Echoes and Accuracy of Derived Winds

Abstract Boundary layer clear-air echoes are routinely observed with sensitive, microwave, Doppler radars similar to the WSR-88D. Operational and research meteorologists are using these Doppler velocities to derive winds. The accuracy of the winds derived from clear-air Doppler velocities depends on the nature of the scatterers. This paper uses dual-wavelength and dual-polarization radars to examine the cause of these echoes and the use of Doppler velocities from the clear-air return to estimate winds. The origin of these echoes has been an ongoing controversy in radar meteorology. These echoes have been attributed to refractive-index gradient (Bragg scattering) and insects and birds (particulate scattering). These echoes are most commonly observed over land from spring through autumn. Seldom do they occur over large bodies of water. Widespread clear-air echoes have also been observed in winter when temperatures are above 10°C. Radar reflectivity comparisons of clear-air echoes in Florida and Colorado wer...
Experimental consequences of a horizontal gauge model for CP nonconservation.

The experimental consequences of a model that links $\mathrm{CP}$ nonconservation with horizontal interactions and is based on the gauge group $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{U}}_{L}^{W}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{U}}_{R}^{H}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{\mathrm{U}}^{Y}(1)$ are investigated. The magnitude of the observed $\mathrm{CP}$ nonconservation and that of the ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference constrain the horizontal gauge boson masses (${M}_{R}$) such that $66 \mathrm{TeV}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{M}_{\mathcal{R}}g5 \mathrm{TeV}$. The model implies an extremely small value for $|\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}|$. The branching ratio for ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e(K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\mu}e)$ could be greater than \ensuremath{\approx} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ (\ensuremath{\approx} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$). ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{\mathrm{QFD}}$ vanishes at the tree level. The contribution from the gauge sector, arising at two loops, is also discussed.
Network model for the swelling properties of end-linked linear and star poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels

The Cima−Lopina equation for swelling in hydrogel networks with a bimodal distribution of cross-link densities is modified slightly for an end-linked system. The revised equation is verified with a...
A human lymphocyte homing receptor, the Hermes antigen, is related to cartilage proteoglycan core and link proteins

Abstract Lymphocyte interactions with high endothelial venules (HEV) during extravasation into lymphoid tissues involve an 85–95 kd class of lymphocyte surface glycoprotein(s), gp90 Hermes (CD44). We report here the cloning of cDNA for gp90 Hermes expressed in a mucosal HEV-binding B lymphoblastoid cell line, KCA. Northern hybridization revealed the presence of three invariant RNA bands at 1.5, 2.2, and 4.5 kb in mucosal HEV-, lymph node HEV-, or dual-binding cells. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a mature protein with a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain of 23 amino acids, and an N-terminal extracellular region of 248 amino acids. A proximal extracellular domain is the probable region of O-glycosylation and chondroitin sulfate linkage and displays at least two of the three immunodominant epitope clusters of native gp90 Hermes . A distal region contains the majority of potential N-glycosylation sites and cysteines, and exhibits a striking homology to tandemly repeated domains of the cartilage link and proteoglycan core proteins. No significant similarities were found to the immunoglobulin, integrin, or cadherin gene families. Thus gp90 Hermes represents a novel class of integral membrane protein involved in lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions and lymphocyte homing.
Compact-spectrum RZ signal generated by single-stage push-pull type Mach-Zehnder modulator for DWDM transmission

A novel compact-spectrum RZ signal is proposed; its bandwidth is approximately twice the bit rate. It is generated by a single-stage Mach-Zehnder modulator with 2:1 multiplexing function. 50 GHz-spaced 8/spl times/20 Gbit/s DWDM transmission is realised.
Syringomycin E Produced by Biological Control Agents Controls Green Mold on Lemons

Abstract Pseudomonas syringae strains ESC-10 and ESC-11 suppressed green mold of citrus, caused by Penicillium digitatum . In this paper, we demonstrated that strains ESC-10 and ESC-11 produced syringomycin E in vitro which was inhibitory to Geotrichum citri-aurantii, Penicillium digitatum , and Rhodotorula pilimanae. Purified syringomycin E from strains ESC-10 and ESC-11 controlled green mold on lemons to the same extent as did the bacteria when syringomycin E was applied to wounds at 1000 times the concentration needed for in vitro inhibition of Penicillium digitatum . Syringomycin E may be involved in biological control of green mold on citrus by strains ESC-10 and ESC-11.
Prospective study comparing standard and robotically assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic surgery has become the treatment of choice for cholecystectomy. Many studies showed that while this approach benefits the patient, the surgeon faces such distinct disadvantages as a poor ergonomic situation and limited degrees of freedom with limited motion as a consequence. Robots have the potential to overcome these problems. To evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of robotically assisted surgery (RAC), we designed a prospective study to compare it with standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SLC). Between 2001 and 2003, 26 patients underwent SLC and 20 patients underwent RAC using the ZEUS system. The feasibility, safety, and possible advantages were evaluated. To assess the efficacy, the total time in the operating room was divided into preoperative, operative, and postoperative time frames. For RAC in comparison with SLC, the preoperative phase including equipment setup was significantly longer. In the intraoperative phase, the cut-closure time and camera and trocar insertion times were significantly longer. It is interesting to note that the net dissection time for the cystic artery, duct, and the gall bladder was not different from SLC. The study demonstrates the feasibility of robotically assisted cholecystectomy without system-specific morbidity. There is time loss in several phases of robotic surgery due to equipment setup and deinstallation and therefore, presents no benefit in using the robot in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Strong teratocarcinoma transplantation loci, Gt-1 and Gt-2, flank H-2.

Evidence is presented for the existence of two strong murine teratocarcinoma transplantation antigens (Gt) on the cell line PCC3. It is shown that the loci governing expression of these antigens are linked to the H-2 complex. These loci have been further mapped with respect to the brachyury marker (T) and H-2: Gt-1 lies 5±2 crossover units proximal to H-2 and 12±2 crossover units distal to T, Gt-2 lies 21±4 crossover units distal to H-2. It is possible that these strong transplantation antigens provide an embryonic analogue to the adult major histocompatibility system.
Cortical neural evoked correlates of somatosensory stimulus detection in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond to constant-current electrical pulse stimuli to the hand which are known to elicit touch sensation in man. Simultaneously, recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were made from postcentral gyrus of the performing monkeys. The prominent features of the SEP at most recording sites were a negative (N1) component peaking at 50–65 msec followed by a positive wave (P2) peaking at 105–130 msec. Primary evoked activity (P1) was minimal or absent at most sites at the intensities employed. Differences in N1 peak latency ranging from 4 to 9 msec were observed between the central member of a cluster of recording sites and those surrounding it. These differences are thought to reflect the propagation of evoked activity from some unidentified focus in postcentral gyrus to surrounding regions. N1 and P2 amplitude was found to decrease as a function of behavioral response latency at both the center and surrounding sites of the electrode clusters. The signal detection theoretical model, which provided the interpretative framework for neurophysiologic and psychophysical responses, suggested that N1 and P2 peak amplitude may reflect somatosensory information processing events necessary for psychophysical performance of the monkey. The propagation of evoked activity to different sites on postcentral gyrus could therefore signify the transmission of this sensory information to surrounding cortical regions. Since the psychophysical model is equally applicable to monkey or man, it is suggested that evidence presented here and in similar studies may be relevant to the question of the neural coding of conscious somatic sensory experiences of man.
Selective Inhibition by Aldehydes of Strepto-kinase Activation of Plasminogen

USING synthetic substrate p-tosyl arginine methylester (TAME) and lysine methylester (LMe), Ablondi and Hagan1 observed that plasminogen incubated in 50 per cent glycerol phosphate solution lost proactivator activity and gained spontaneous plasmin activity. Kline2 examined pseudoglobulin (acid-extracted) plasminogen under the same conditions and found no decline in proactivator activity during the spontaneous activation process. We repeated these investigations with euglobulin (tricalcium phosphate-extracted) plasminogen and we examined the effects of lysine and glyceraldehyde on the system.
In vitro activity of linezolid against slowly growing nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

MICs of linezolid in broth microdilutions were tested against 341 slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) belonging to 15 species. The proposed linezolid susceptibility MICs for all Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium malmoense, and Mycobacterium xenopi isolates and for 90% of Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium triplex isolates were ≤8 μg/ml. Linezolid has excellent therapeutic potential against most species of NTM.
Assay development and high throughput antiviral drug screening against Bluetongue virus

Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection is one of the most important diseases of domestic livestock. There are no antivirals available against BTV disease. In this paper, we present the development, optimization and validation of an in vitro cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay using the luminescent-based CellTiter-Glo reagent to identify novel antivirals against BTV. Conditions of the cytopathic effect (CPE)-based assay were optimized at cell density of 5000 cells/well in medium containing 1% FBS and a multiplicity of infection at 0.01 in 384-well plate, with Z'-values > or = 0.70, Coefficient of Variations > or = 5.68 and signal-to-background ratio > or = 7.10. This assay was further validated using a 9532 compound library. The fully validated assay was then used to screen the 194,950 compound collection, which identified 693 compounds with >30% CPE inhibition. The 10-concentration dose response assay identified 185 structures with IC(50) < or =100 microM, out of which 42 compounds were grouped into six analog series corresponding to six scaffolds enriched within the active set compared to their distribution in the library. The CPE-based assay development demonstrated its robustness and reliability, and its application in the HTS campaign will make significant contribution to the antiviral drug discovery against BTV disease.
The detection of data errors in computer information systems: field interviews with municipal bond analysts

There is strong evidence that data stored in organizational databases have a significant rate of errors. As computerized databases continue to proliferate, the number of errors in stored data and the organizational impact of these errors are likely to increase. The impact of data errors on business processes and decision making can be lessened if users of information systems are able and willing to detect and correct data errors. However, some published research suggests that users of information systems do not detect data errors. This paper reports the results of a study showing that municipal bond analysts detect data errors. The results provide insight into the conditions under which users in organizational settings detect data errors. Guidelines for improving error detection are also discussed
The Effect of Texture and Microstructure on the Macroscopic Properties of Polycrystalline Piezoelectrics: Application to Barium Titanate and PZN–PT

The effects of crystallographic texture and microstructure are analyzed for polycrystalline tetragonal BaTiO 3 , pseudotetragonal PZN-PT, and cubic BaTiO 3 . For tetragonal BaTiO 3 and pseudotetragonal PZN-PT, we demonstrate that a high anisotropy of the single-crystal properties induces an apparent enhancement in the macroscopic piezoelectric response. For tetragonal BaTiO 3 , the predicted macroscopic piezoelectric constants d 31 and d 33 are enhanced with respect to its single-crystal value at the expense of the spatial contributions from d 15 . For samples possessing fiber texture, an optimal response is predicted for samples that are not perfectly textured. Similarly, an apparent enhancement of the macroscopic value of d 15 is predicted for PZN-PT. For cubic BaTiO 3 , the low anisotropy of the underlying crystal properties induces a uniform decrease of the macroscopic electrostrictive constant, Q 11 , with decreasing texture. A completely random polycrystal provides 0.85±0.05 times its single-crystal response.
Structure beyond Bragg: Study of V 2 O 5 nanotubes

The structure of V 2 O 5 nanotubes has been experimentally determined. The approach of the atomic pair distribution function technique was employed because of the limited structural coherence in this nanophase material. Ithas been found that even a nanocrystal with the complex morphology of vanadium pentoxide nanotubes possesses an atomic arrangement very well defined on the nanometer length scale and well described in terms of a unit cell and symmetry. Using refined structural parameters a real-size model for the nanotubes has been constructed and used to explain their peculiar morphology.
TU‐D‐330D‐01: Molecular Imaging II ‐ Applications

Day two of the Molecular Imaging Symposium (MI‐2) will focus on the applications of molecular imaging in small animals and humans. The session will begin with a discussion of a recent trans‐agency announcement that addresses molecular imaging as a biomarker for drug response (DHHS New Federal Health Initiative to Improve Cancer Therapy). Opportunities for imagingphysicists to engage in the development of physical performance standards for dual modality imaging platforms (anatomical and molecular imaging) during the course of therapy treatment will be discussed. Similarly the development of standardized methods to evaluate change analysis tools will be addressed. A case for creation of a new AAPM task group to address this topic will be presented. The following links are of interest: http://www.fda.gov/oc/mous/domestic/FDA‐NCI‐CMS.html http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/factsheet/bioimaging.htm http://imaging.nci.nih.gov/i3/ The second lecture will review the clinical research use of existing contrast agents in dynamic contrast MRI for early assessment of therapy‐induced microvascular changes, pre‐clinical use of novel high molecular weight and/or targeted or enzymatically activated MR contrast agents, endogenous contrast agent techniques, such a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), for assessing changes in tissue oxygenation, and other techniques for assessing treatment response or improving lesion characterization, including quantitative diffusion and spectroscopy techniques. The session will conclude with an introduction of the new combined modality instrumentation now available in PET/CT and SPECT/CT, discuss clinical examples of radiotracers that are being used in oncologicimaging (FDG, amino acids, peptide, hormones, antibodies, cell proliferation and hypoxia tracers), techniques to evaluate whether radiotracers actually localize at the intended site (i.e., autoradiographic correlation with tumor immunohistochemistry in rodent models and on clinical biopsy tissue), and the use of functional images to determine features of tumor biology, to monitor treatment response, and for radiotherapy treatment planning.
Reconciliation following aggression in patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas

Abstract Following intra-group aggression, obvious conciliatory displays are absent from the behavioural repertoire of patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas, while many other Old World primate species show special reconciliation gestures. When 10-min focal-animal samples that began after spontaneous aggression were compared with matched-control samples, captive adult female patas followed up on aggressive interactions, interacting sooner and more often with former opponents during post-conflict observations than during matched-control observations. Almost one-third of post-conflict observations included affiliative behaviour between former opponents, which is termed reconciliation. Matrilineally related opponents were more likely to reconcile with one another than were unrelated animals. No effect of the dominance hierarchy on tendency to reconcile was found. Thus, patas monkeys showed general patterns in post-conflict behaviour that were similar to those seen in other primates previously investigated.
Cancer of the tongue in patients less than forty

Introduction. It is the opinion of many surgeons that the biologic potential of cancer that develops in young people is different compared with older patients. Prior reports on small series of patients addressing this issue have inadequate statistical power to resolve the question. Methods. By use of the techniques of meta-analysis, patients less than 40 years old who had undergone treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue were examined. Twenty-eight patients who were encountered in the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and 94 patients were identified in the literature for a total of 122 patients <40 years old. A control group of 150 patients, aged 40 years and older treated for SCC of the oral tongue between 1982 and 1994 was identified. Results. Three-year disease-free survival in the group of patients aged less than 40 was 53.3% compared with 3-year disease free survivorship of 55.0% in the older cohort of patients. Conclusion. These data strongly suggest that the outcomes of treatment for SCC of the oral tongue in young patients are similar compared with patients older than 40 with similar extent of disease.
SU-E-T-355: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Quality Assurance Using an Ion Chamber Array and a Software-Modified Phantom

Purpose: To systematically test an algorithm to correct for the directional response of a 2D ion chamber array (PTW Seven29TM) and implement techniques to use it in quality assurance (QA) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods: The 27×27 ion chamber array was placed in sagittal orientation between two slabs of 10‐cm thick Plastic WaterTM to measure the directional response. Photon beams from anterior hemisphere of 10×10cm2field size and energies of 6, 10 and 15MV with flattening filter, and 6 and 10MV without flattening filter from Varian TrueBeamTM were used with gantry angles ranging from 90° to 270°(IEC). An artificial cylindrical half‐shell of 1‐cm thickness was inserted into the backside 10‐cm slab in the treatment planning system and assigned the CT number of 2000 Hounsfield units to compensate for the Seven29TM directional response. The method was tested using half‐arc plans with 5×5cm2 and 10×10cm2field size in sagittal orientation and full‐arc VMAT patient treatment plans in both sagittal and coronal orientations. Results: In the absence of the attenuation shell, measurements of the Seven29TM in sagittal orientation indicate a relatively flat response for gantry angles 90° to 15°, decreasing to 97.2% at 0°, and an approximately uniform under response of ∼89% for the beams from the backside quadrant. Using the correction method resulted in agreement within 2.8% for each beam angle and 1.9% for half‐arc deliveries. Results of a typical VMAT QA plan gave gamma test (3 mm, 3%) passing rates of 95.3% and 99.7% in sagittal and coronal orientations, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of Seven29TM and software‐modified Plastic WaterTM phantom proved to be a fast and reliable tool for QA of VMAT. Through this characterization of its directional response, accurate orthogonal 2D dose maps can be generated for independent verification of the treatment delivery from complex VMAT plans.
Enantioselective synthesis of the ent-lomaiviticin A bicyclic core.

The bicyclic core of ent-lomaiviticin A was prepared in 11 operations from (S)-1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol in a two-directional route that features (1) a double Ireland Claisen rearrangement and (2) a double olefin metathesis reaction to form the key C–C bonds of the target.
Structural diversity of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation products of o-methoxyphenols.

The biocatalytic oxidation of o-methoxyphenolic compounds led to a variety of oligophenols (dimers to pentamers) and some of their oxidation products. The reaction was carried out in an aqueous medium at room temperature with hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant in a facile and green route to potentially bioactive compounds. Detailed structural information on the products of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of o-methoxyphenols is presented for the first time.
Toward better research on child abuse and neglect: Making definitional issues an explicit methodological concern☆

Abstract In the United States, research on child abuse and neglect is frequently criticized for being poorly performed and largely irrelevant to the important policy questions facing the field. Many of the problems plaguing research on child abuse and neglect are endemic to social science research generally, and this paper does not trod over such issues, which are well known and well described elsewhere. Instead, this paper describes how the inadequacy of definitions of “child abuse” and “child neglect” used by research studies places an additional—and largely unnoticed—burden on research, which aggravates the impact of these more general problems. Existing definitions of “child abuse” and “child neglect” fail to meet research needs because they lack: (1) comparability, (2) reliability, and (3) taxonomic delineation. As a result, they compromise the findings of incidence studies, sequelae studies, etiological studies, and program effectiveness studies. Therefore, if real progress is to be made in understanding child abuse and neglect, definitional issues must become an explicit methodological concern. Specifically, future research should include: (I) a careful determination of definitional needs, (2) the development of operational definitions to meet those needs, and (3) the circumspect statement of findings based on the limitations imposed by such definitions.
Cock‐a‐doodle‐Dum: Sexology and a room of one's own

(2001). Cock‐a‐doodle‐Dum: Sexology and a room of one's own. Women's Studies: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 477-498.
Wide complex tachycardia in a patient with a family history of sudden death.

Amaninhis late40spresentedto theemergencydepartmentwith recurrentpalpitationanddizziness.Hedeniedhavinganychestpain or anyhistoryof smoking, drugabuse, or alcohol use.His fatherhad died suddenly in his late 30s. While undergoing the workup in the emergency department, he developed wide complex tachycardia (WCT) (Figure 1). Hewas given intravenous amiodarone. However, the WCT persisted, and he became hypotensive, requiring cardioversion to restore sinus rhythm. His baseline electrocardiographic (ECG) findings during sinus rhythm are shown in Figure 2. Questions: What are the red flags in baseline ECG findings (Figure 2) of a patient with a family history of sudden death?What is the most likely cause of his WCT?
Sex differences in the effects of residential treatment on the quality of life of eating disorder patients

This study compared the effects of residential treatment on improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between males and females diagnosed with eating disorders (EDs) from admission to discharge and at follow-up. This study also analyzed the association between changes in HRQOL and changes in the severity of ED pathology, depression, and trait anxiety. 145 consecutive patients (34 males and 111 females) admitted to a residential ED unit completed a panel of surveys at admission and discharge. The survey panel included the Eating Disorders Quality of Life Survey (EDQLS), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. An online follow-up survey was also conducted for the EDQLS. Mixed-factorial ANOVA was used to examine sex differences and changes in HRQOL between admission, discharge and post-treatment follow-up. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between sex, change in HRQOL, and changes in all other variables studied. By the end of residential treatment, both males and females had made similar statistically significant improvements in HRQOL from admission to discharge, which persisted after treatment. Greater decreases in ED pathology and trait anxiety significantly predicted greater increases in HRQOL during residential treatment while sex and changes in depression did not. The data show that residential treatment is an effective approach to improving HRQOL in both males and females with EDs. Greater improvements in trait anxiety and ED pathology contributed to greater improvement in HRQOL in these patients.
Speaking of the Value of Life

The phrase 'the value of life' is important in bioethics, particularly for those who hold the traditional views that life has intrinsic value and that the distinction between killing and allowing to die is valid. Ambiguities in the meaning of 'the value of life,' however, can lead to errors in medical ethical analysis by those who hold these traditional views. This essay notes three sources of such ambigu- ity: (1) three senses of the verb 'is,' (2) the difference between the transcendent and the transcendental, and (3) the difference between the transcendental and the empirical. On the basis of these distinctions, several conclusions are drawn: that the value of life is transcendental, not transcendent, both finite and priceless, that decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments are always judgments about the qualities of a person's life, so one cannot universally condemn "quality of life judgments," that the traditional distinction between killing and allowing to die tracks the distinction between the transcendental and the empirical, that "life itself" is not a benefit of treatment, and that foregoing treatments that are not futile can be consistent with respect for the value of life.
A hemodynamic model for anaphylactic shock

The treatment of cardiovascular collapse and anaphylactic shock is largely empiric. A simple animal model was developed to evaluate the hemodynamic alterations in anaphylaxis. Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were studied. All animals weighed 3.8 kg to 5.3 kg. Sensitization was accomplished with a 2-mL subcutaneous dose of horse serum followed in two days with a 2-mL intravenous (IV) dose. At least 14 days elapsed after the IV dose before a 1-mL challenge dose of horse serum was given. On the day of the challenge dose, a femoral arterial catheter, arterial temperature probe, and right atrial catheter were placed under methoxyflurane anesthesia. The temperature probe was positioned in the aortic arch. The methoxyflurane was discontinued and the only sedation given during the shock phase was IV diazepam (0.1 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg). At least 30 minutes after methoxyflurane was discontinued, the challenge dose of horse serum was given through the right atrial catheter. Before and during the shock phase cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure, and intravascular temperature were monitored continuously. Cardiac outputs (CO) were performed by a thermodilution technique using 0.8 mL room temperature saline injectate through the right atrial catheter. Temperature deflection of the aortic probe was recorded and cardiac output was calculated. After giving the challenge dose, CO was measured at three, five, ten, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 minutes. All eight animals showed a significant (P less than .0005) fall in CO, cardiac index, and blood pressure within three minutes. The fall in cardiac index was 50% or more in all animals. Two animals died as a result of shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Let it go: how to deal with a breakup in mitosis

A new report reveals how mammalian cells silence the DNA-damage response during mitosis to allow cell division to be completed in the presence of DNA lesions.
Liquid fuel jet in subsonic crossflow

An analytical/numerical model is described which predicts the behavior of nonreacting and reacting liquid jets injected transversely into subsonic cross flow. The compressible flowfield about the elliptical jet cross section is solved at various locations along the jet trajectory by analytical means for free-stream local Mach number perpendicular to jet cross section smaller than 0.3 and by numerical means for free-stream local Mach number perpendicular to jet cross section in the range 0.3-1.0. External and internal boundary layers along the jet cross section are solved by integral and numerical methods, and the mass losses due to boundary layer shedding, evaporation, and combustion are calculated and incorporated into the trajectory calculation. Comparison of predicted trajectories is made with limited experimental observations.
Participation of caveolae in β1 integrin-mediated mechanotransduction

Abstract We previously reported that caveolin-1 is a key component in a β1 integrin-dependent mechanotransduction pathway suggesting that caveolae organelles and integrins are functionally linked in their mechanotransduction properties. Here, we exposed BAEC monolayers to shear stress then isolated caveolae vesicles form the plasma membrane. While little β1 integrin was detected in caveolae derived from cells kept in static culture, shear stress induced β1 integrin transposition to the caveolae. To evaluate the significance of shear-induced β1 integrin localization to caveolae, cells were pretreated with cholesterol sequestering compounds or caveolin-1 siRNA to disrupt caveolae structural domains. Cholesterol depletion attenuated integrin-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation, Src activation and Csk association with β1 integrin. Reduction of both caveolin-1 protein and membrane cholesterol inhibited downstream shear-induced, integrin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain. Taken together with our previous findings, the data supports the concept that β1 integrin-mediated mechanotransduction is mediated by caveolae domains.
Beta Decay in Stellar Interiors

A study is made of the temperature and density dependence of beta-decay rates as they are affected by electron capture from continuum orbits, the absence of atomic binding energies, screening, and the exclusion principle. The rate of allowed electron capture from continuum orbits in a Fermi gas is calculated using the $V\ensuremath{-}A$ law; Coulomb corrections are included and nuclear matrix elements occur as parameters that can frequently be determined from terrestrial experiments. There is no atomic binding-energy contribution to the total beta-decay energy for completely ionized atoms and this causes a decrease in decay rates for low-energy electron emitters in stars relative to their terrestrial values. Screening will usually not affect beta-decay rates significantly. The exclusion principle inhibits beta decay in stellar interiors because many of the low-momentum states are occupied prior to the decay; the amount by which a decay rate is decreased can be calculated in terms of the known beta spectrum and the temperature and density of the medium surrounding the radioactive nucleus. Beta decay for some normally radioactive nuclei is almost impossible in the interior of very dense stars, such as white dwarfs, since the Fermi energy can equal or exceed the maximum beta-decay energy available. Some applications to the theory of element formation in stars are suggested.
Obesity should not influence the management of appendicitis

Obesity implies an adverse effect on outcome after appendectomy. This study aimed to determine whether obese patients with appendicitis should be managed differently than nonobese patients. After appendectomy, all patients were enrolled in a prospective clinical pathway and followed from initial presentation to full outpatient recovery. In 1 year, 272 adults underwent appendectomy, 55 (22%) of whom were obese. The obese patients were slightly older (35 vs 33 years; p < 0.001). The time to diagnosis (8.5 vs 8.6 h), and the need for computed tomography (CT) scanning (40% vs 49%) was similar in both populations. The obese patients had similar rates of perforation (35% vs 35%) and laparoscopy (47% vs 41%). The median hospital length of stay (LOS) (2 days) and complications, including wound complications (9.1% vs 10.9%) and intraabdominal abscesses (3.6% vs 3.1%), were similar. Subgroup analysis showed a longer LOS for the obese patients with perforation than for the nonobese patients (6 vs 5.5 days; p = 0.036). Obese patients had no greater delay in diagnosis, had no greater need for CT scan, gained no additional benefit from laparoscopy, and did not incur significantly worse outcomes after appendectomy except for an increased LOS among those with perforation.
Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3. XIV. Characterization of the methylated nucleotide sequences in viral messenger RNAs.

Abstract We have examined the structure and distribution of methylated sequences in frog virus 3 (FV3) messenger RNAs isolated from infected cells. Terminal and internal methylated nucleotides were deduced from the analysis of radiolabeled viral mRNAs by a combination of a variety of enzymatic digestion and fractionation procedures. We found that FV3 mRNAs contain internal, as well as terminal, methylated nucleotide sequences. Analysis of the structural compositions of the cap oligonucleotides revealed striking heterogeneity; all three common cap types ( m7 GpppN 1 p, m7 Gppp-N 1 mpN 2 p, and m7 GpppN 1 mpN 2 mpN 3 p; caps 0, I, and II, respectively) were present, the latter two comprising more than 80% of the total. Heterogeneity was further exhibited in the type of methylated base represented in N 1 and N 2 positions. Although there was a preponderance of purine bases in the N 1 position of both types of caps, all four common bases were detected. Similarly, all four bases were also present in the N 2 position of type II caps. Quantitative analysis revealed that on the average there are between 4 and 7 m 6 A residues per early viral mRNA molecule. In contrast, although late mRNAs are terminally blocked and methylated, internal methylation in this mRNA class could not be detected.
Users' experience with the ILLIAC IV system and its programming languages

The ILLIAC IV is a unique machine which has led the research and development of lockstep parallel processing. The machine has been operational since 1973, in experimental mode, and since 1975 in full production mode. There has been on the order of a hundred users of the machine and these users and their codes have been well documented. Four languages are available on the machine ranging from high level to machine code. A survey has been conducted of the users in order to determine how the ILLIAC IV has been employed and how the high level programming languages have facilitated the use of this machine. This paper presents the results of that survey.The survey attempts to confirm or eliminate some of the folklore that has grown up around the ILLIAC IV facility. It can be helpful in the design of the next generation of supercomputers and their languages and in the improvement of the present generation of languages. The responses to the survey indicate: 1) that the ILLIAC IV has been accepted by the scientific community; 2) that a wide range of different application areas have used the machine; 3) that users have had to construct their programs so as to minimise the effects of the serious bottleneck created by the movement of data between the main and backing stores; and 4) that the high level programming languages available have insufficient or inefficient structures which at times require the use of machine code.
Cardiac Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Initial studies from Bowman Gray School of Medicine showed that 18 of 30 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had cardiac involvement from their disease. These abnormalities were detected by echocardiography and consisted of mitral valve and/or pericardial abnormalities. All patients were followed for 4 years from the initial workup. Mitral valve abnormalities were seen on followup in 63% of the patients who initially showed this abnormality, while pericardial effusion remained in 20%. Pericardial thickening persisted in 6 of 7 patients. None of the patients developed constrictive pericarditis or heart failure. There was no definite correlation between persistence of these abnormalities and other clinical data, but it was noticed that patients who had persistent pericardial effusion and mitral valve abnormalities showed a higher number of involved joints and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The cardiac abnormalities described in this study have remained clinically insignificant in this population of RA patients.
Laws That Shape Therapy Services in Educational Environments.

The delivery of physical therapy and occupational therapy in schools hinges, at least in part, on an accurate understanding of educational and civil rights laws that mandate services to children with disabilities in educational environments. Frequently, therapists, in addition to physicians, parents, school administrators, and teachers, have misconceptions regarding eligibility for therapy services provided at school distric expense, the nature of therapy services in schools, and the frequency with which those services can and should be provided in educational environments. Most of the children who receive physcial therapy, occupational therapy, or both in educational environments have disabilities that adversly affect their educaitonal performance, and the assessments and interventions provided by therapists in educational environments are intended to be closely linked to the child's educational program. The legal information provided in the following paper summarizes the major provisions of statutory la...
Comparison of new hemostatic granules/powders with currently deployed hemostatic products in a lethal model of extremity arterial hemorrhage in swine.

Background: HemCon bandage (HC) and QuikClot granules (QC) have been deployed for the past 5 years for treating external hemorrhage in combat casualties. We examined efficacy and initial safety of three new hemostatic granules/powders in a swine extremity arterial hemorrhage model that was 100% fatal with army standard gauze treatment. The new products were compared with the most advanced forms of HC and QC products. Methods: Anesthetized pigs (37 kg, n = 46) were instrumented, splenectomized, and their femoral arteries were isolated and injured (6 mm arteriotomy). After 45 seconds free bleeding, a test agent [WoundStat (WS), super quick relief (SQR), Celox (CX)] or a control product [HC or QC bead bags (advanced clotting sponge plus)] was applied to the wounds and compressed with a large gauze for 2 minutes. Fluid resuscitation (colloid and crystalloid) was given and titrated to a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg. Animals were observed for 180 minutes or until death. Computed tomography angiography was performed on survivors and tissue samples were collected form wounds for histologic examination. Results: No differences were found in baseline measurements and pretreatment blood loss (17.4 mL/kg ± 0.5 mL/kg, mean ± SEM) among groups. Advanced clotting sponge plus testing was halted after six unsuccessful attempts (no hemostasis observed) whereas other agents were tested each in 10 animals. Stable hemostasis was achieved in 10 (WS), 7 (SQR), 6 (CX), and 1 (HC) subjects in each group, resulting in the recovery of mean arterial pressure and survival of the animals for 3 hours (p < 0.05, SQR or WS vs. HC). Posttreatment blood loss was significantly reduced with the use of the new agents (CX = 40 ± 16.6, SQR = 34.5 ± 16.3, WS = 9.5 mL/kg ± 5.2 mL/kg) as compared with HC (85.6 mL/kg ± 10 mL/kg, p < 0.05). The granular treated animals lived for 180 (WS), 164 ± 8.2 (SQR) and 138 ± 17.7 (CX) minutes, significantly (p < 0.05) longer than the HC (83.3 ± 12 minutes) group. A significant (p < 0.05) rise in temperature (53.5°C ± 1.8°C) over baseline (36.5°C ± 0.3°C) was measured only in the wounds treated with SQR. Computed tomography images showed no blood flow through treated vessels. Histologic evidence indicated the least tissue damage with HC, moderate damage with WS and CX, and most damage including axonal necrosis with SQR. Conclusion: The new hemostatic agents are significantly more effective in treating arterial hemorrhage than currently deployed products. Among them, WS granules appear to be most efficacious, followed by SQR and CX powders. The clinical significance of tissue damage caused by these agents and any potential risk of embolism with procoagulant granular/powder products are unknown and warrant survival studies.
338. Microarray Analysis of Genes Regulated during Induction of Osteogenesis by Human Lim Mineralization Protein-3 (LMP-3) in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

INTRODUCTION: Gene transfer of osteoinductive agents is being developed for a variety of orthopaedic applications including spine fusion and treatment of non-union fractions and craniofacial defects. Human Lim Mineralization Protein-3 (hLMP-3) is an osteoinductive agent coded by one of the three LMP gene splice variants. We have previously demonstrated that LMP-3 upregulates bone-specific genes in murine fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) following adenoviral gene transfer and can induce bone formation in murine models, similar to BMPs, following in vivo and ex vivo delivery approaches. Recently, microarray analysis has been used to identify new early regulators of BMPs-induced osteoblast differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal. The aim of this study is to examine the gene expression profile of hMSCs expressing hLMP3 in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in LMP3-induced osteogenesis. METHODS: hMSCs were transduced with 1000 MOI (particles per cell) of a defective adenoviral vector carrying either the hLMP3 codon-optimized sequence (AdLMP3) or the green fluorescent protein (AdEGFP). Cells transduced with an empty adenoviral vector (Ad|[Psi]|5) and untransduced cells served as additional controls. mRNA was isolated from cells 24 hrs post-transduction and transgene expression was assessed by RT-PCR using sequence-specific primers. RNA was then reverse-transcripted, labeled and amplified for microarray expression analysis. Replicate experiments were performed in order to increase singificance and control reproducibility. The microarray analysis was performed by a specific software based on GC-RMA algorythms for normalization and filtering. Analysis of variance was performed on filtered data by means of t-Test. RESULTS: 189 out of 8793 genes spotted on the array were modulated inLMP3-transduced cells by more than 1.2 fold change. Crossed normalization against Ad|[Psi]|5- and mock-transduced cells data showed a smaller set of genes (25) exhibiting significant (p<0.01) differential expression in AD.LMP3 transduced cells (Table). These transcripts are represented predominantly by genes involved in cell cycle control (SAP18), chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation (SMARCC2, TADA2L), post-transductional processing (TRAM2), signal transduction and metabolic pathways (AGPAT1, FDFT1), along with tissue-specific genes (PRKAB2, MAP1B, CNTNAP1). CONCLUSION: This study has identified a subset of genes regulated by LMP-3 in human MSC that potentially are involved inducing stem cell commitment and osteogenesis.