cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstuctive sleep apnea: benefits and alternatives.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition affecting persons of all age with an increasing public health burden. It is implicated in cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, neurocognitive impairment, reductions in quality of life, and increased motor vehicle accidents. The goals of OSA treatment are to improve sleep and daytime symptoms, and minimize cardiovascular risks.Areas covered: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the gold standard therapy that delivers pressurized air into the upper airway to relieve obstruction during sleep. Although CPAP is an effective modality of treatment for OSA, adherence to therapy is highly variable. This article highlights the benefits of CPAP therapy, along with alternative treatment options including oral appliance, implantable and wearable devices, and surgery. Expert commentary: CPAP therapy is the gold standard treatment option and should continue to be offered to those who suffer from OSA. Alternativ...
Constructing queer female cyberspace: The L Word fandom and Autostraddle.com

Autostraddle.com is the most popular independently owned Web site for queer women and a central, organizing force in queer female cyberspace. It also grew out of The L Word fandom, though its appearance now occludes the history of fan recapping that laid its groundwork. In this article, I reconnect Autostraddle to The L Word fandom, tracing the gradual accumulation of online fan activity into a stable Web site and queer female social space. In doing so, I revise dominant conceptions of fan productivity as individual-centered and temporally bound, arguing for a more expansive consideration of the large-scale creations fans can build over time. My intervention is twofold: a plea for history where the Web can seem to be an eternally present medium, and an assertion of fandom's inseparability from the larger landscape of queer female life online.
AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed by differentiating Xenopus spinal neurons.

Gleason, Evanna L. and Nicholas C. Spitzer. AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed by differentiating Xenopus spinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2986–2998, 1998. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors ...
Stroma-free long-term growth of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.

e18535Background: To individualize therapy for relapsed/refractory AML patients, optimal in-vitro culture conditions to support primary leukemic cells are essential for drug sensitivity testing. Ou...
Characterizing interaction forces between actin and proteins of the tropomodulin family reveals the presence of the N-terminal actin-binding site in leiomodin

Tropomodulin family of proteins includes several isoforms of tropomodulins (Tmod) and leiomodins (Lmod). These proteins can sequester actin monomers or nucleate actin polymerization. Although it is known that their actin-binding properties are isoform-dependent, knowledge on how they vary in strengths of interactions with G-actin is missing. While it is confirmed in many studies that Tmods have two actin-binding sites, information on number and location of actin-binding sites in Lmod2 is controversial. We used atomic force microscopy to study interactions between G-actin and proteins of the tropomodulin family. Unbinding forces between G-actin and Tmod1, Tmod2, Tmod3, or Lmod2 were quantified. Our results indicated that Tmod1 and Tmod3 had unimodal force distributions, Tmod2 had a bimodal distribution and Lmod2 had a trimodal distribution. The number of force distributions correlates with the proteins' abilities to sequester actin or to nucleate actin polymerization. We assigned specific unbinding forces to the individual actin-binding sites of Tmod2 and Lmod2 using mutations that destroy actin-binding sites of Tmod2 and truncated Lmod2. Our results confirm the existence of the N-terminal actin-binding site in Lmod2. Altogether, our data demonstrate how the differences between the number and the strength of actin-binding sites of Tmod or Lmod translate to their functional abilities.
Vocalization Development in Common Marmosets for Neurodegenerative Translational Modeling

AbstractObjectivesIn order to facilitate the study of vocalizations in emerging genetic common marmoset models of neurodegenerative disorders, we aimed to analyze call-type changes across age in a translational research environment. We hypothesized that acoustic parameters of vocalizations would change with age, reflecting growth of the vocal apparatus and a maturation of control needed to make adult-like calls.MethodsNineteen developing common marmosets were longitudinally video- and audio-recorded between the ages of 1–149 days in a naturalistic setting without any vocalization elicitation protocol. Vocalizations were coded for call type (cry, tsik, trill, phee, and trill-phee) and analyzed for duration (sec), minimum and maximum frequency (Hz), and bandwidth (Hz). Mixed model linear regressions were performed to assess the effects of age on call parameters listed above for each call type.ResultsCries decreased in duration (P = 0.038), maximum frequency (P = 0.047), and bandwidth (P = 0.023) with age. T...
Fibrous material microstructure design for optimal structural damping

It is shown here that properly designed fibrous media (e.g., glass or polymeric fibers) can be used to damp structural vibration as well as to absorb sound. The materials can then be multi-functional, reducing the number of elements required to achieve a specified level of noise and vibration performance. Past work demonstrated that layers of fibrous media placed on panels can damp the panel motion by removing energy from the nearfield acoustical motion generated by the panel vibration. The current study focused on designing the fibrous medium to ensure optimal vibration damping in a particular application. First, a method of calculating the response of a panel with an attached fibrous layer is recalled and updated to allow layers of limp or elastic porous media to be modeled. Example results will be presented, and then it will be shown that an optimal flow resistivity exists for a given frequency range and configuration of interest. Finally, based on a recently developed theory for the flow resistivity of fibrous media, the optimal flow resistivity identified in that way can be translated into a particular fiber size, given properties such as density of the fiber material and the desired superficial density.It is shown here that properly designed fibrous media (e.g., glass or polymeric fibers) can be used to damp structural vibration as well as to absorb sound. The materials can then be multi-functional, reducing the number of elements required to achieve a specified level of noise and vibration performance. Past work demonstrated that layers of fibrous media placed on panels can damp the panel motion by removing energy from the nearfield acoustical motion generated by the panel vibration. The current study focused on designing the fibrous medium to ensure optimal vibration damping in a particular application. First, a method of calculating the response of a panel with an attached fibrous layer is recalled and updated to allow layers of limp or elastic porous media to be modeled. Example results will be presented, and then it will be shown that an optimal flow resistivity exists for a given frequency range and configuration of interest. Finally, based on a recently developed theory for the flow resistivity o...
Bilateral Radial Agenesis in a Cat Treated with Bilateral Ulnocarpal Arthrodesis.

Objective This article describes corrective antebrachiocarpal re-alignment and arthrodesis for bilateral radial hemimelia (radial agenesis) in an 8-month-old domestic short-haired cat. Methods Bilateral forelimb deformity of ulnocarpal varus with complete luxation and rotation of the antebrachiocarpal joint spaces, and joint contracture, was observed. Several carpal bones and metacarpal bones I and II and their associated phalanges were absent. Abnormal ambulation and weight bearing on the dorsolateral part of the manus were present. The deformities were treated by bilateral distal ulnar ostectomy and ulnocarpal arthrodesis using a 2.0-mm locking compression plate applied with hybrid fixation and allograft. Results Successful deformity correction was obtained with subsequent fusion of the antebrachiocarpal joints. No complications were observed. At long-term follow-up (4.75 years), there was good-to-excellent functional result, with approximately 15° internal rotation of the right forelimb manus and shortened stride with slight circumduction and lameness. All implants remained stable and continued bone remodelling was present. The cat was assessed to have good-to-excellent short- and long-term functional results with excellent owner satisfaction. Clinical Significance Treatment of radial agenesis in the cat has previously been limited to conservative management or limb amputation. While there are several reports of corrective limb-sparing procedures used to treat dogs, this is the first report of a cat with successful salvage corrective surgery.
Schedule Estimating Relationships for Tactical Aircraft

Representatives of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) are responsible for review of service acquisition programs prior to their inclusion in the defense program that is submitted to the president and subsequently to Congress. Parts of this process involve the review of proposed acquisition schedules. A need exists for tools for OSD action officers to use when engaged in such reviews. The research documented in this report was initiated to provide methods for assessing the reasonableness of proposed acquisition schedules for tactical aircraft programs. The research was performed at the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) under the sponsorship of the Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Air Warfare).
Founder-CEO Succession at Acer

Stan Shih, founder-CEO of Acer, Inc., had proactively chosen and transitioned the "perfect" successor as CEO, but was now faced with major problems. Over the last two years, his heir apparent, Leonard Liu, had made the changes he had been hired to make, including revamping the organization structure and instilling a new corporate culture that emphasized accountability. However, such changes had caused numerous clashes between him and other co-founders of the company, in particular, Shih's wife, Carolyn. Liu had now suggested that "Carolyn should retire into her kitchen." Faced with office infighting and increasing clashes between the markedly different Western and Chinese styles of management, Shih needed Liu to manage the increasing complexity of global competition. However, Shih was now wondering if he had made the right decision to appoint Liu as his successor.Learning Objective:Examine the full life cycle of a founder's involvement in his startup.
Blends of lightly sulfonated polystyrene ionomers with poly (xylenyl ether)

The phase behavior of the blends of sulfonated polystyrene ionomer (SPS) and poly (xylenyl ether) (PXE) was investigated. A small fraction (0-10mol%) of styrene units have -SO3H groups at the para-positions of phenyl rings in SPS, which are neutralized by metal cations such as Na+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+. The blends were miscible when the functionalization level of PS was low or the blends were PXE-poor. To describe the phase behavior of the blends, we introduce a new type of phase diagram (functionalization level versus weight fraction of PXE), which suggests so-called “ionic aggregates” exclude PXE homopolymer as physical crosslinks. Interestingly, the miscibility strongly depends on the counterions, although the morphologies of the pure styrene ionomers are insensitive to the cations. Electron spin resonance measurements on blends containing Mn2+-neutralized sulfonated polystyrene indicate the presence of isolated ionic groups although most of the ionic groups are still aggregated even in miscible blends.
Understanding and Controlling the Morphology of Silica Shells on Gold Nanorods

Subtle variations in the conditions for addition of a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/methanol (MeOH) solution to gold nanorods (GNRs) stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) allow for morphological control of silica (SiO2) shells deposited onto the GNRs. The concentration of TEOS in the TEOS/MeOH mixture determines whether the SiO2 shell uniformly coats whole GNRs or forms lobes on the ends of the GNRs. Changes in the optical absorbance spectrum of SiO2-coated GNRs (SiO2-GNRs) after purification with MeOH suggest CTAB can be removed by dissolution through the porous SiO2 shells. The size of the SiO2 lobes can be controlled, but there is a minimum lobe size, below which full encapsulation is favored. The following mechanism of lobe formation is proposed: Initially, a SiO2 shell fully encapsulates the CTAB-stabilized GNR core. Under optimized reaction conditions, determined by the MeOH concentration, the SiO2 shells can reshape into lobes, which requires sufficient solubility of SiO2 and damage...
Evaluating a Nonprofit Health Index as a Policy Tool

This paper examines possible ways to reduce and synthesize information regarding the health of the U.S. nonprofit sector, exploring how a national “Nonprofit Health Index” might inform policymakers and the public by illuminating key indications of the continuing sustainability of the sector. The paper draws on the experiences of producing the National Arts Index. The paper examines the overall construct of nonprofit health, suggests an impact model based on the Balanced Scorecard, and explores the appropriate level of analysis. The challenges in resolving the nature of the nonprofit health construct make a national index impractical, but policy indexes targeted at locales and industries are more likely to benefit policymakers and inform the public.
Considerations for risk and control of mycoplasma in bioprocessing

Adventitious agents are a safety risk to biomanufacturing pipelines, from cell line development to upstream and downstream processes. A contamination event can and has effectively shut down plant operations and resulted in drug shortages. To ensure the highest levels of product quality and patient safety, comprehensive control strategies must be in place. Mycoplasma are particularly challenging due to their prevalence in the environment, their small size that allows them to pass through 0.1 μm sterilizing filters, and their ability to persist without noticeable changes to cell culture. This review highlights the detrimental impact of mycoplasma on bioprocessing, the technologies that are being developed and implemented to both reduce the risk of mycoplasma entry and bolster the detection of mycoplasma.
CABLE: a CAche-based link encoder for bandwidth-starved manycores

Off-chip bandwidth is a scarce resource in modern processors, and it is expected to become even more limited on a per-core basis as we move into the era of high-throughput and massively-parallel computation. One promising approach to overcome limited bandwidth is off-chip link compression. Unfortunately, previously proposed latency-driven compression schemes are not a good fit for latency-tolerant manycore systems, and they often do not have the dictionary capacity to accommodate more than a few concurrent threads. In this work, we present CABLE, a novel CAche-Based Link Encoder that enables point-to-point link compression between coherent caches, re-purposing the data already stored in the caches as a massive and scalable dictionary for data compression. We show the broad applicability of CABLE by applying it to two critical off-chip links: (1) the memory link interface to off-chip memory, and (2) the cache-coherent link between processors in a multi-chip system. We have implemented CABLE's search pipeline hardware in Verilog using the OpenPiton framework to show its feasibility. Evaluating with SPEC2006, we find that CABLE increases effective off-chip bandwidth by 7.2x and system throughput by 3.78x on average, 83% and 258% better than CPACK, respectively.
Max–Min Fairness Optimal Rate-Energy Trade-Off of SWIPT for Massive MIMO Downlink

Max–min fairness optimal rate-energy trade-off of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer is derived with imperfectly estimated channels at the massive multiple-input multiple-output base-station and statistical channel knowledge at the users. The optimal transmit power control coefficients, common harvested energy, and common achievable user rates are derived for time-switching and power-splitting protocols.
MultiTrack: Multi-User Tracking and Activity Recognition Using Commodity WiFi

This paper presents MultiTrack, a commodity WiFi based human sensing system that can track multiple users and recognize activities of multiple users performing them simultaneously. Such a system can enable easy and large-scale deployment for multi-user tracking and sensing without the need for additional sensors through the use of existing WiFi devices (e.g., desktops, laptops and smart appliances). The basic idea is to identify and extract the signal reflection corresponding to each individual user with the help of multiple WiFi links and all the available WiFi channels at 5GHz. Given the extracted signal reflection of each user, MultiTrack examines the path of the reflected signals at multiple links to simultaneously track multiple users. It further reconstructs the signal profile of each user as if only a single user has performed activity in the environment to facilitate multi-user activity recognition. We evaluate MultiTrack in different multipath environments with up to 4 users for multi-user tracking and up to 3 users for activity recognition. Experimental results show that our system can achieve decimeter localization accuracy and over 92% activity recognition accuracy under multi-user scenarios.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid channel regulates fibroblast differentiation and airway remodeling by modulating redox signals through NADPH Oxidase 4

Asthma is characterized by pathological airway remodeling resulting from persistent myofibroblast activation. Although transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), mechanical signals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in fibroblast differentiation, their integration is still elusive. We identified that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel mediates lung fibroblast (LF) differentiation and D. farinae-induced airway remodeling via a novel TRPV4-NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) interaction. NOX4-mediated ROS production is essential for TGFβ1-induced LF differentiation via myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Importantly, TRPV4 inhibition prevented TGFβ1-induced NOX4 expression and ROS production. Both TRPV4 and NOX4 are activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream of TGFβ1, and signals from both TRPV4 and Rac are necessary for NOX4 upregulation. Notably, NOX4 expression is higher in fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients (disease human LF; DHLF) in comparison to non-asthmatics (normal human LF; NHLF). Further, NOX4 expression is up-regulated in the lungs of D.farinae-treated wild type mice (WT) relative to saline-treated WT, which was attenuated in TRPV4 knockout (KO) mice. Our findings suggest that TRPV4 integrates TGFβ1 and ROS signaling through NOX4 and, TRPV4-NOX4 interaction is amenable to target lung remodeling during asthma.
Hybrid machine learning architecture for automated detection and grading of retinal images for diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness, affecting over 93 million people. An automated clinical retinal screening process would be highly beneficial and provide a valuable second opinion for doctors worldwide. A computer-aided system to detect and grade the retinal images would enhance the workflow of endocrinologists. Approach: For this research, we make use of a publicly available dataset comprised of 3662 images. We present a hybrid machine learning architecture to detect and grade the level of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity. We also present and compare simple transfer learning-based approaches using established networks such as AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet, Inception-v3, NASNet, DenseNet, and GoogLeNet for DR detection. For the grading stage (mild, moderate, proliferative, or severe), we present an approach of combining various convolutional neural networks with principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction and a support vector machine classifier. We study the performance of these networks under different preprocessing conditions. Results: We compare these results with various existing state-of-the-art approaches, which include single-stage architectures. We demonstrate that this architecture is more robust to limited training data and class imbalance. We achieve an accuracy of 98.4% for DR detection and an accuracy of 96.3% for distinguishing severity of DR, thereby setting a benchmark for future research efforts using a limited set of training images. Conclusions: Results obtained using the proposed approach serve as a benchmark for future research efforts. We demonstrate as a proof-of-concept that an automated detection and grading system could be developed with a limited set of images and labels. This type of independent architecture for detection and grading could be used in areas with a scarcity of trained clinicians based on the necessity.
The Plant Pathology Challenge 2020 data set to classify foliar disease of apples.

Premise Apple orchards in the United States are under constant threat from a large number of pathogens and insects. Appropriate and timely deployment of disease management depends on early disease detection. Incorrect and delayed diagnosis can result in either excessive or inadequate use of chemicals, with increased production costs and increased environmental and health impacts. Methods and results We have manually captured 3651 high-quality, real-life symptom images of multiple apple foliar diseases, with variable illumination, angles, surfaces, and noise. A subset of images, expert-annotated to create a pilot data set for apple scab, cedar apple rust, and healthy leaves, was made available to the Kaggle community for the Plant Pathology Challenge as part of the Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC) workshop at the 2020 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference (CVPR 2020). Participants were asked to use the image data set to train a machine learning model to classify disease categories and develop an algorithm for disease severity quantification. The top three area under the ROC curve (AUC) values submitted to the private leaderboard were 0.98445, 0.98182, and 0.98089. We also trained an off-the-shelf convolutional neural network on this data for disease classification and achieved 97% accuracy on a held-out test set. Discussion This data set will contribute toward development and deployment of machine learning-based automated plant disease classification algorithms to ultimately realize fast and accurate disease detection. We will continue to add images to the pilot data set for a larger, more comprehensive expert-annotated data set for future Kaggle competitions and to explore more advanced methods for disease classification and quantification.
Learner Preference of Schedule Type Improves Engagement of Pediatric Residents: Results of a Mixed-Methods Analysis

Determine whether a call or shift schedule is better for acquiring optimal knowledge and professionalism, while limiting fatigue for pediatric residents during the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) rotation in a small residency program. This was a prospective, randomized, crossover, mixed-methods study in which pediatric residents were randomized to either a call or shift schedule during their PICU rotation. Attentiveness, bedside care, perceived knowledge, and professionalism were assessed by the resident participants, attending physicians, and nursing staff. Epworth Sleepiness Scale determined the level of resident fatigue. Statistical analysis utilized a t test of unequal variances. Two focus groups were conducted of resident non-participants and participants. Graduated resident participants and non-participants were surveyed via anonymous e-mail responses. Thirty residents participated in the study and twenty residents were surveyed and participated in a focus group. No major differences were detected between each participating group, whether assigned to a call or shift schedule in regard to perceived knowledge, professionalism, or fatigue. Overall themes from qualitative analysis identified advantages and disadvantages for both work schedules. Participants recognized a learner preference for schedule type depending on level of training, suggesting a shift schedule for junior residents and a call schedule for senior residents. There is no difference between the call or shift schedule in regard to residents’ perceived knowledge, professionalism, and fatigue. Participants expressed learner preferences for one schedule over the other, recommending the shift schedule during the PGY-2 year and the call schedule during the PGY-3 year.
Non-Epitxaial GaAs/Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells With 830mV Voc

We present a GaAs heterojunction solar cell that achieves 830mV Voc without any epitaxial processing or external doping on a bulk wafer and has an area of 10mm^2. The device consists of a bulk, n-type GaAs wafer with sulfur passivation, 10 nm of spun coat TCTA, an organic p-type semiconductor, 5 nm of of evaporated WO3, and a spun-coat film of highly-conductive PEDOT:PSS for lateral current transport. This achieved voltage paves the way for thin-film devices that can achieve 20% efficiency with only low-capital intensity processing. Additional results gleaned in achieving this voltage include: a robust, reliable, residue-free GaAs passivation process, discovering processing conditions compatible with the passivation for forming heterojunctions, and learning about the importance of lateral conduction in non-traditional heterostructure devices.
Maltohexaose-indocyanine green (MH-ICG) for near infrared imaging of endocarditis

Infectious endocarditis is a life-threatening disease, and diagnostics are urgently needed to accurately diagnose this disease especially in the case of prosthetic valve endocarditis. We show here that maltohexaose conjugated to indocyanine green (MH-ICG) can detect Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in a rat model of infective endocarditis. The affinity of MH-ICG to S. aureus was determined and had a Km and Vmax of 5.4 μM and 3.0 X 10-6 μmol/minutes/108 CFU, respectively. MH-ICG had no detectable toxicity to mammalian cells at concentrations as high as 100 μM. The in vivo efficiency of MH-ICG in rats was evaluated using a right heart endocarditis model, and the accumulation of MH-ICG in the bacterial vegetations was 2.5 ± 0.2 times higher than that in the control left ventricular wall. The biological half-life of MH-ICG in healthy rats was 14.0 ± 1.3 minutes, and approximately 50% of injected MH-ICG was excreted into the feces after 24 hours. These data demonstrate that MH-ICG was internalized by bacteria with high specificity and that MH-ICG specifically accumulated in bacterial vegetations in a rat model of endocarditis. These results demonstrate the potential efficacy of this agent in the detection of infective endocarditis.
Elevated pCO2 reinforces preference among intertidal algae in both a specialist and generalist herbivore.

Abstract Ocean acidification (OA) can induce changes in marine organisms and species interactions. We examined OA effects on intertidal macroalgal growth, palatability, and consumption by a specialist crab (Pugettia producta) and a generalist snail (Tegula funebralis) herbivore. Moderate increases in pCO2 increased algal growth in most species, but effects of pCO2 on C:N and phenolic content varied by species. Elevated pCO2 had no effect on algal acceptability to herbivores, but did affect their preference ranks. Under elevated pCO2, electivity for a preferred kelp (Egregia menziesii) and preference rankings among algal species strengthened for both P. producta and T. funebralis, attributable to resilience of E. menziesii in elevated pCO2 and to changes in palatability among less-preferred species. Preferred algae may therefore grow more under moderate pCO2 increases in the future, but their appeal to herbivores may be strengthened by associated shifts in nutritional quality and defensive compounds in other species.
SARS-CoV-2 Myocarditis: Insights Into Incidence, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Implications.

In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), myocardial injury occurs frequently in severe or critically ill hospitalized patients, yet myocarditis is much less common. In this context, revisiting the definition of myocarditis is appropriate with a specific focus on diagnostic and management considerations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pathologic cardiac specimens from patients with COVID-19 suggest a mixed inflammatory response involving lymphocytes and macrophages, and importantly, cellular injury occurs predominantly at the level of pericytes and endothelial cells, less often involving direct myocyte necrosis. In COVID-19, the diagnosis of myocarditis has understandably been based predominantly on clinical criteria, and the number of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis who would meet diagnostic histological criteria is unclear. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance are important diagnostic tools, although the prognostic implications of abnormalities are still being defined. Importantly, SARS-CoV2 myocarditis should be diagnosed within an appropriate clinical context and should not be based on isolated imaging findings. Therapies in COVID-19 have focused on the major clinical manifestation of pneumonia, but the promotion of viral clearance early in the disease could prevent the development of myocarditis, and further study of immunosuppressive therapies once myocarditis has developed are indicated. A strict and uniform approach is needed to diagnose myocarditis due to SARS-CoV-2 to better understand the natural history of this disease and to facilitate evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. A methodological approach will also better inform the incidence of COVID-19 associated myocarditis and potential long-term health effects.
Characterization of Darboux transformations for quantum systems with quadratically energy-dependent potentials

We construct three classes of higher-order Darboux transformations for Schrodinger equations with quadratically energy-dependent potentials by means of generalized Wronskian determinants. Particular even-order cases reduce to the Darboux transformation for conventional (energy-independent) potentials. Our construction is based on an adaptation of the results for coupled Korteweg–de Vries equations [N. V. Ustinov and S. B. Leble, J. Math. Phys. 34, 1421 (1993)].
Interfacing DNA hydrogels with ceramics for biofunctional architectural materials

Abstract The development of architectural components with the capabilities of biological systems could lead to the realization of biofunctional, dynamic, interactive, and self-sustaining “living” architecture. One route to interfacing biological systems with architectural materials is functionalization with biomolecules. In particular, functionalization of surfaces with DNA incorporates both informational and active properties such as the ability to produce proteins. However, direct conjugation to surfaces can degrade biomolecule activity, reduce reaction kinetics, and limit available binding sites. Integration of DNA into a hydrogel matrix that is conjugated to the surface can overcome these limitations. Here, DNA encoding genetic information is converted into a hydrogel matrix, termed Meta P-gel. The unique mechanical properties of Meta P-gel allow it to adsorb to patterned ceramic surfaces in a spatially controlled manner. Simultaneously, Meta P-gel retains the biological ability to produce proteins, achieving spatial control over protein synthesis for potential applications in living architecture. Finally, Meta P-gel-based functionalization is applied to create stable protein gradients in situ, further exemplifying its applicability beyond architecture. These experiments are a first step toward continuous and stable protein expression from spatially controlled DNA hydrogels that would enable applications in biotechnological fields such as biosensor development and screening, and more broadly, in architectural fields such as fabrication of bioactive and bio-responsive ceramics for building facade design.
An overbooking scheduling model for outpatient appointments in a multi-provider clinic

Abstract In general, most outpatient clinics are staffed by more than one provider in order to satisfy high patient demand and distribute the overall workload. Although several overbooking scheduling models have been proposed in the literature for single-provider settings, it would be difficult to extend and apply them directly to a multi-provider setting. This research proposes an overbooking scheduling model for multiple-provider clinics to optimize the number of overbooked patients and maximize the expected profit. In addition, the proposed model incorporates various probabilities of patient no-shows to simulate actual outpatient clinic characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the proposed multi-provider overbooking model outperforms dissociated single-provider overbooking models in terms of increasing the expected profit by 19–24%, and the number of scheduled patients by 4.5–9%. The results also indicate that the expected profits will be maximized by redistributing overflowing patients based on providers’ workloads when varying the clinic schedule capacity, number of providers, and patient no-show probability.
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN NERVOUS TISSUE: WHERE AND WHY

In tissues that do physical work, such as heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney, rates of energy metabolism under physiological conditions vary more or less in proportion to the amount of work being done by the tissue. To demonstrate such a relationship in brain has been difficult because, first of all, the exact nature of the physical work done by brain tissue is not obvious, and, secondly, the brain mediates a variety of functions, each of which is localized in discrete regions specific for the function and not in the tissue as a whole. It is only recently that it has become possible to measure the rates of energy metabolism in such discrete structural and functional components of the nervous system in conscious, behaving animals and man and to relate these rates to the levels of functional activity within them.
Pudendal sexual reflexes: Electrophysiologic investigations

Abstract Electrophysiologic testing of neural pathways involved in sexual function have not previously been performed. This study is a description of the normal transit time and electrophysiology of impulses in the pudendal reflex pathways concerned with ejaculation.
Change of Structure Group in Fibre Bundles

In this chapter we consider the relation between principal H-bundles and principal G-bundles, where H is a closed subgroup of G. We do this for general principal bundles and then describe the relation, using the classifying spaces and the local coordinate description. This is a generalization of the process in Chap. 5, Sec. 7.
Diffusion in Sociological Analysis

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by N. Alter, volume 6, pp. 3681–3684, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Tunnel oxide and ETOX/sup TM/ flash scaling limitation

The intrinsic tunnel oxide thickness limit is around 6 nm due to direct tunneling. In practical devices, the limit is 8 nm due to stress induced leakage after program and erase cycles. Nitridation reduces electron trapping but does not decrease the lower thickness limit. Operating voltages also do not scale well in flash memories. Voltages required for operation range from 10-12 V for channel hot electron stacked gate devices to up to 20 V for Fowler-Nordheim tunnel/erase devices. This places limits on transistor channel and isolation scaling. Looking ahead, cell scaling beyond 0.13 /spl mu/m will be difficult unless there is a major breakthrough. Multilevel cell storage technology provides a cost effective alternative to process scaling. Feasibility studies showed that up to 16 levels or 4 bits per cell is possible with stacked gate technology. Stacked gate flash memory cells using channel hot electron programming are best suited for high density multilevel cell technology.
Developing an Architecture to Support the Implementation and Development of Scientific computing Applications

The increasing complexity and computational demands of scientific computing applications has led to a need for robust software architectures to facilitate the conceptualization, design, implementation, deployment and maintenance of these applications. This paper attempts to shed light on how the unique characteristics of scientific computing applications, as well as computational scientists, make impositions upon the framework used to support scientific research efforts. We use our experience with NetSolve, a toolkit designed just for such interactions, as a means to present the approach of one infrastructure to support scientific computing. We further discuss how NetSolve implements the unique model of using a single system to aggregate, manage and access distributed hardware and software resources.
Increased local failure risk with prolonged radiation treatment time in head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemotherapy.

Background Prolonged radiation treatment time (RTT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with inferior tumor control in patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, the significance of prolonged RTT with concurrent chemotherapy is less clear. Methods We reviewed outcomes for 171 patients with primary HNSCC treated with curative intent RT and concurrent drug therapy from 2001 to 2009. The effects of RTT and other variables on local control and survival were analyzed. Results Patients with RTT >7 weeks had a significantly increased risk of local failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; p = .018) and death (HR, 1.9 p = .035). These results retained significance even after adjustment for tumor stage (age was not significant). Conclusion For patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT), prolonged RTT may compromise tumor control as has been established in the setting of RT alone. Symptoms of patients with HNSCC undergoing definitive chemoRT should be managed aggressively to limit treatment interruptions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1120–1125, 2014
Monosomy 7 and the myeloid malignancies

Cytogenetics has made an enormous contribution to our understanding of the patho-physiology and prognosis of childhood leukemia. In most cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) various translocations within a pre-B cell that probably occurred in utero set the stage for another event or events that
Theory of emotional awareness and brain processing of emotion

Abstract Negative affect that is not experienced or expressed may be the most pathogenic response to environmental stress. The purpose of this paper is to provide a way of understanding this phenomenon from a psychological and physiological perspective. A cognitive–developmental model of emotional awareness is presented that holds that the ability to become consciously aware of one's own feelings is a cognitive skill that goes through a developmental process similar to that which Piaget described for other cognitive functions. The developmental process consists of the transition from unconscious (implicit) to conscious (explicit) processing, with explicit emotional processing having a modulatory effect on implicit processes. A parallel hierarchical model of the neural substrates of emotional experience is presented next supported by recent neuroimaging work. It is argued that the neural substrates of implicit and explicit emotional processes are distinct. The neural substrates of implicit aspects of emotion and three distinguishable aspects of explicit emotional processing are then presented: background feelings, focal attention to feelings and reflective awareness of feelings. The conscious awareness of affective states requires participation of structures that subserve attention and mental representation that are not unique to emotion. The domain-general (i.e. not specific to emotion) function of these structures may help to explain the vast individual differences that are observed clinically in the ability that people have to monitor and report their own emotions. Some of the implications of this psychobiological model for behavioral medicine research are discussed.
Expanding site productivity research to sustain non-timber forest functions

Southern forests produce multiple products and services including timber, wildlife habitat, species bio- and genetic diversity, water quality and control, waste remediation, recreation, and carbon sequestration. All of these benefits must be produced in a sustainable manner to meet today's societal needs without compromising future needs. A forest site is productive to the extent that it provides some level of one or more of these products and services. Historically, site productivity research emphasized biomass production and did not directly address the forest's capability for producing other products and services. However, past and on-going site productivity research has greatly increased our understanding of those soil and site properties and processes that influence forest development, and those that are influenced by management. Directing forest site productivity research toward understanding how site processes control both timber and non-timber benefits on all southern forest lands can help us develop the management strategies necessary to produce multiple products and services concomitantly with timber production.
Simple groups of finite order in the nineteenth century

The history of simple groups starts with the work of Evariste Galois (1811-1832). Throughout the eighteenth century and on into the nineteenth century the all-consuming passion among algebraists was the determination of which polynomial equations could be solved by radicals. A polynomial equation of degree n, xn + alx"~1 + ... +an_lx + an = 0, where the coefficients af belong to a field F, is said to be solvable by radicals (or algebraically solvable) when it is possible to express the roots of the equation in terms of the coefficients using a finite number of algebraic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to powers and extraction of roots. Galois approached the problem of characterizing such equations by considering, as Lagrange had done before him, the notion of permutations of the roots of an equation. This in turn led to the concept of a group. Prior to Galois, Lagrange had worked with what is in effect the symmetric group in his studies of functions unchanged under all permutations of their variables, and GAUSS used essentially the cyclic group in the numbertheoretic setting of congruences. Galois, however, dealt not with special cases but recognized, without giving an explicit definition, a permutation group as a set of permutations having the closure property. Certain points should be clarified here. Galois was the first to use the term group in a technical sense, but he also used the word in its non-mathematical sense to refer to an arbitrary collection of objects. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the mathematical from the colloquial meaning. Also meriting discussion is Galois' use of the terms "permutation" and "substitution". Whereas the contemporary definition of permutation is that of a one-to-one mapping of a set of objects onto itself, the word is also used more informally to denote the actual arrangement of the objects. Galois used the
Astronomers fight to save the night sky from light pollution

While some astronomers are peering into far reaches of the universe, most people on the Earth can no longer even see the Milky Way. A veil of sky glow caused by light pollution from billions of light bulbs has shrouded the stars that served as beacons for our ancestors. Some people worry that the great natural heritage of the night skies is being lost. “What is more fundamental than seeingwhere we are in the universe, understandingthat we are a small part of the bigger structureof what's out there?” asks Don Davis, directorof the Planetary Sciences Institute in Tucson, Arizona. “Is there anything as liberating to the imagination?”
Advantages of Co-Location for Effective Human to Human Communication of Information Provided by an Unmanned Vehicle:

Much of the research on unmanned-vehicles (UVs) focuses on technology or interface design. This study investigated how to best support effective communication between the UV operator and the Soldie...
Work and "mass personal" communication as means of navigating nutrition and exercise concerns in an online cancer community

Background: Health and psychosocial outcomes for young adults affected by cancer have improved only minimally in decades, partially due to a lack of relevant support and information. Given significant unmet needs involving nutrition and exercise, it is important to understand how this audience handles information about food and fitness in managing their cancer experiences. Objective: Using the theory of illness trajectories as a framework, we explored how four lines of work associated with living with a chronic illness such as cancer (illness, everyday life, biographical, and the recently explicated construct of communication work) impacts and is impacted by nutrition and exercise concerns. Methods: Following a search to extract all nutrition- and exercise-related content from the prior 3 years (January 2008 to February 2011), a sample of more than 1000 posts from an online support community for young adults affected by cancer were qualitatively analyzed employing iterative, constant comparison techniques. Sensitized by illness trajectory research and related concepts, 3 coders worked over 4 months to examine the English-language, de-identified text files of content. Results: An analysis of discussion board threads in an online community for young adults dealing with cancer shows that nutrition and exercise needs affect the young adults’ illness trajectories, including their management of illness, everyday life, biographical, and communication work. Furthermore, this paper helps validate development of the “communication work” variable, explores the “mass personal” interplay of mediated and interpersonal communication channels, and expands illness trajectory work to a younger demographic than investigated in prior research. Conclusions: Applying the valuable concepts of illness, everyday life, biographical, and communication work provides a more nuanced understanding of how young adults affected by cancer handle exercise and nutrition needs. This knowledge can help provide support and interventional guidance for the well-documented psychosocial challenges particular to this demographic as they manage the adversities inherent in a young adult cancer diagnosis. The research also helps explain how these young adults meet communication needs in a “mass personal” way that employs multiple communication channels to meet goals and thus might be more effectively reached in a digital world. [J Med Internet Res 2013;15(5):e102]