Potensi Hasil Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Ubi Jalar di Dataran Tinggi

Abstract Sweet potato germplasm that have been collected from Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and other areas are needed to be characterized and evaluated to determine their identity, their conservation management strategies and their potential for utilization. One of the important parameters is the yield potential. Objective of the evaluation of sweet potato germplasms were to clusterize accessions based on the potential productivity at harvest time 8, 9, and 10 months after planting. A total of 533 germplasm accessions of sweet potato were planted 10 plants/accessions, with a spacing of 25 cm t 100 cm and planted one clone/plant. Dose of fertilizers used were 60 kg NO3, 35 kg P2O5, and 75 kg K2O/ha, which 1/3 dose of N, P, and K were given at the time of planting, 2/3 dose of N and K applied at one month after planting. Clustering method used 75% similarity. The results of this evaluation showed that 134 accessions on 8 month after planting were divided into four clusters, each cluster consisted of 130, 2, 1, and 1 accessions. Five accessions of cluster 2 and 3 had yield potency of tuber as much as 2433−3767 g/plant. At 9 month after planting, clustering of 179 accessions also produced 4 clusters, each cluster consisted of 36, 9, 2, and 132 accecions. Fourty eight accessions of cluster 2 and 3 had yield potency of tuber as much as 1468−2333 g/plant. At 10 months after planting, clustering of 50 accessions produced 6 clusters. Thirty five accession of cluster 3 and 5 had yield potency as much as 1211−1416 g/plant. The results of this evaluation also showed 37 accession had not rooted yet at 12 months after planting. Abstrak Plasma nutfah ubi jalar yang telah dikoleksi dari Sulawesi, NTT, Bali, NTB, dan daerah lainnya perlu dikarakterisasi dan dievaluasi untuk menentukan identitas, pengelolaan konservasi, dan hasil pemanfaatannya. Salah satu parameter yang perlu diketahui ialah potensi hasil. Tujuan evaluasi plasma nutfah ubi jalar ini adalah mengelompokkan aksesi-aksesi berdasarkan potensi hasil pada umur panen 8, 9, dan 10 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Sebanyak 533 aksesi plasma nutfah ubi jalar, masingmasing ditanam 10 tanaman/aksesi, dengan jarak tanam 25 cm t 100 cm dan ditanam satu bibit/tanaman. Dosis pemupukan yang digunakan ialah 60 kg NO3, 35 kg P2O5 dan 75 kg K2O per ha, 1/3 dosis N dan K dan seluruh dosis P diberikan pada saat tanam, 2/3 dosis N dan K diaplikasikan pada saat tanaman berumur satu bulan. Pengelompokan menggunakan tingkat kemiripan 75%. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan pengelompokan 134 aksesi berdasarkan produktivitas pada umur panen 8 BST menghasilkan 4 kelompok, yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 130, 2, 1, dan 1 aksesi. Lima aksesi dari kelompok 2 dan 3 mempunyai potensi hasil 2.433n3.767 g/tanaman. Pada umur panen 9 BST, pengelompokan 179 aksesi juga menghasilkan 4 kelompok, yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 36, 9, 2, dan 132. Dari kelompok 2 dan 3 diketahui 48 aksesi mempunyai potensi hasil 1.468n2.333 g/tanaman. Pada umur panen 10 BST, pengelompokan 50 aksesi menghasilkan 6 kelompok. Dari kelompok 3 dan lima diketahui 35 aksesi mempunyai potensi hasil 1.211n1.416 g/tanaman. Hasil evaluasi juga menunjukkan 37 aksesi belum berumbi pada 12 BST.