cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Cardiac MRI Stress Testing “Make a Better Mouse Trap … ”

Near the turn of the 20th century, Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “If a man can make a better mouse trap than his neighbor, the world will make a beaten path to his door.” In the 1900s, we have seen particularly illuminating examples of this prediction: from the model T Ford, which in one decade eliminated the horse-and-buggy era, to the introduction of the heart-lung machine by John Gibbon, Jr, in 1953, which indelibly changed medicine, and, more recently, Andreas Gruentzig’s intrepid introduction of intracoronary angioplasty, revolutionizing the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). We are now on the brink of another revolution, reaffirming Emerson’s adage. Cardiac imaging has seen little to parallel its rapid advancement. In a short time, we have moved from x-ray methods for imaging coronary artery calcification in the 1950s by simple fluoroscopy, to the selective coronary arteriogram of Mason Sones in 1958, to the translation of postwar military ultrasound technology by Inge Edler and physicist C. Hellmuth Hertz into basic echocardiographic principles. In the early 1970s, a discovery was made that was little noticed in the medical profession, a formidable technology that would rise up to challenge the existing paradigms. From the adaptation of Lauterbur’s work in 1973, investigators1 would set the stage for another challenger in the field of cardiac imaging: cardiovascular nuclear MRI. The improvements in resolution and contrast along with the ability for respiratory and cardiac gating generated diagnostic images of the highest quality, generating a wave of enthusiasm for this relatively new technology. Imaging techniques have become the workhorse of cardiologists for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. Two pathophysiological strategies have been coupled with imaging techniques for noninvasive detection of CAD. Generally, observations are made before, during, or after either exercise stress or dipyridamole/adenosine …
A Weak-signal GPS Architecture for Lunar Navigation and Communication Systems

As envisioned by a broad series of trade studies, the lunar elements of the NASA Exploration Initiative will require a significant increase in navigation and communication capacity. Exploration combines robotic and human mission elements that should ideally support each other in terms of advancing the ability to discover, operate, and support a sustained human presence in the lunar environment. While a small set of individual sorties may be able to incur the inefficiencies of developing mission-specific navigation and communication capability, or relying on current systems, realizing the fundamental goal a sustained human presence will greatly strain current systems. In conjunction with a small spacecraft-based lunar navigation and communication system solution jointly among JHU/APL, NASA/GSFC, NASA/GRC and JPL, JHU/APL analyzed the incorporation of a Global Positioning System component to an infrastructure of spacecraft designed to provide communication and navigation service to lunar assets. This research is described, included the technology basis for reception of GPS in the lunar environment, the impact on the space, ground, and user segments of a lunar navigation and communication infrastructure, and the benefits and costs of such an architectural implementation. Specific technologies include leveraging JHU/APL weak-signal GPS processing and the use of disciplined ultra-stable oscillators.
Vibrational Dynamics of Condensed-Phase Molecules Studied by Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared pump/probe measurements of T1 relaxation and oritentational relaxation of ions in hydrogen bonding solvents are discussed in terms of solvent induced enharmonic coupling.
Observations on the effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on the pulmonary vascular resistance in mitral stenosis

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) on the pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac output was studied in six patients with mitral stenosis. 2. 2. The administration of TEAC produced a significant lowering of mean pulmonary artery pressure in five of six cases. This was due to a decrease in cardiac output in two cases and to a decline in pulmonary vascular resistance in three. 3. 3. These results suggest that at least in some cases of mitral stenosis a portion of the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance is mediated through the autonomic nervous system. 4. 4. Two of these patients were also studied after mitral valvulotomy. The mean pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary vascular resistance were found to be lowered in both patients after surgery (to a value lower than that obtained with TEAC before surgery). The pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance fell even further in both patients after TEAC. 5. 5. Further study will be necessary to assess the value of TEAC in predicting preoperatively in patients with mitral stenosis what portion of the increased vascular resistance is reversible.
Risk Factors for Immediate Postoperative Complications and Mortality Following Spine Surgery: A Study of 3475 Patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Background: This investigation sought to identify risk factors for immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality among a large series of patients undergoing spine surgery who were prospectively entered into a national registry. Methods: The database of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried to identify all patients undergoing spine surgery in the years 2005 to 2008. Demographic data, comorbidities, medical history, body-mass index, and the type of procedure performed were obtained for all patients. Postoperative complications and mortality within thirty days after the spinal procedure were also documented. The chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of individual risk factors on mortality, as well as the probability of the development of complications. Results: From 2005 to 2008, 3475 patients undergoing spine surgery were registered in the database. The average age of patients was 55.5 years (range, sixteen to ninety years), and 54% of the cohort were men. Ten patients (0.3%) died after surgery, and there were 407 complications in 263 patients (7.6%). Increased patient age and contaminated or infected wounds were identified as independent predictors of mortality. Increased patient age, cardiac disease, preoperative neurologic abnormalities, prior wound infection, corticosteroid use, history of sepsis, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of >2, and prolonged operative times were independent predictors for the development of one or more complications. Conclusions: Patient age, female sex, longer procedural times, and several types of medical comorbidities influenced the risk of postoperative complications or mortality. This information enhances estimates of morbidity and mortality following spine surgery and may improve patient selection for spine surgery as well as preoperative discussions related to the risks of spine surgery. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A density matrix analysis of slater's hyper-hartree-fock method

The expression for the total energy, as given in Slater's hyper-Hartree-Fock procedure is analyzed, and the most obvious choice of a 2-particle density matrix consistent with this energy expression is presented. This choice is the only possible one, if there are no numerical relations among the two-electron integrals. It is shown that this 2-matrix is, in general, neither non-negative nor antisymmetric, and therefore cannot be derived from any antisymmetric full density matrix. This potential lack of representability is indeed realized, for the spin-polarized HHF calculations reported by Slater, Mann, Wilson, and Wood on the atoms Co, Ni, and Cu, where it is found that the 2-matrix has a negative occupation number for a permutationally symmetric natural geminal. A viewpoint is presented whereby the HHF method may still be justified, in spite of these deficiencies. Alternatives to the HHF method are presented which do not have these deficiences. These methods are valid for some, but not all, of the purposes for which the HHF method was developed.
Analytical Solutions for Single- and Two-Phase Models of Packed-Bed Thermal Storage Systems

The response of such models to a step change in inlet air temperature is analyzed, assuming that the semi-infinite rock-bed storage system is initially at a uniform temperature.
Multiuser Diversity with Imperfect Channel Quality Feedback in MIMO Broadcast Networks

In this paper, we analyze the impact of imperfect channel quality feedback on the scheduling algorithms that exploit multi-user diversity. We consider a time-slotted MIMO broadcast network where the transmitter uses its multiple antennas for spatial multiplexing to communicate simultaneously to a subset of the receivers in each slot. The transmitter sends training symbols at the beginning of a slot so that each receiver can estimate the data rate it could potentially receive from each transmit antenna. For this purpose, we develop a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) of SINR. The receivers report the rate information, which is noisy due to estimation errors, to the transmitter to assist its scheduling decisions. Through numerical examples, we discuss some general issues regarding exploitation of multi-user diversity with imperfect channel state information. For example, the scheduler introduces a bias for positive SINR estimation errors, which is important to take into account when the receivers declare a potential data rate in each slot.
Counseling Single-Parent Multiracial Families:

Single-parent families represent a growing segment of the family households in the United States today and while some literature has addressed racial differences, information focusing on single par...
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

The phylogenetic distribution of Gliocladium within the Hypocreales was investigated by parsimony analysis of partial sequences from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA). Two principal monophyletic groups were resolved that included species with anamorphs classified in Gliocladium. The first clade includes elements of the genera Hypocrea (H. gelatinosa, H. lutea) plus Trichoderma, Hypocrea pallida, Hypomyces and Sphaerostilbella, which are each shown to be monophyletic but whose sister group relationships are unresolved with the present data set. Gliocladium anamorphs in this clade include Gliocladium penicillioides, the type species of Gliocladium and anamorph of Sphaerostilbella aureonitens, and Trichoderma virens (= G. virens) which is a member of the clade containing Hypocrea and Trichoderma. A second clade, consisting of species with pallid perithecia, is grouped around Nectria ochroleuca, whose anamorph is Gliocladium roseum. Other species in this clade having Gliocladium-like anamorphs are Nectriopsis sporangiicola and Roumegueriella rufula. The species of Nectria represented in this study are polyphyletic and resolved as four separate groups: (1) N. cinnabarina the type species, (2) three species with Fusarium anamorphs including N. albosuccinea, N. haematococca and Gibberella fujikoroi, (3) N. purtonii a species whose anamorph is classified in Fusarium sect. Eupionnotes, and (4) N. ochroleuca, which is representative of species with pallid perithecia. The results indicate that Gliocladium is polyphyletic and that G. penicillioides, G. roseum, and Trichoderma virens (= G. virens), are generically distinct.
Elliptically polarized high harmonic emission from molecules driven by linearly polarized light

We perform an accurate polarimetry measurement of high harmonic emission from aligned molecules. Surprisingly, we find that harmonic emission from N 2 molecules can be strongly elliptically polarized even when driven by linearly polarized laser fields.
Detection and explanation of anomalous activities: representing activities as bags of event n-grams

We present a novel representation and method for detecting and explaining anomalous activities in a video stream. Drawing from natural language processing, we introduce a representation of activities as bags of event n-grams, where we analyze the global structural information of activities using their local event statistics. We demonstrate how maximal cliques in an undirected edge-weighted graph of activities, can be used in an unsupervised manner, to discover regular sub-classes of an activity class. Based on these discovered sub-classes, we formulate a definition of anomalous activities and present a way to detect them. Finally, we characterize each discovered sub-class in terms of its "most representative member" and present an information-theoretic method to explain the detected anomalies in a human-interpretable form.
Radial propagation of muscle action potential along the tubular system examined by potential-sensitive dyes

Isolated single (Xenopus) muscle fibers were stained with a non-permeant potential-probing dye, merocyanine rhodanine (WW375) or merocyanine oxazolone (NK2367). When the fiber was massively stimulated, an absorption change (wave a), which seemed to reflect the action potential, occurred. Simultaneous recording of optical changes and intracellular action potentials revealed that the time-course of wave a was slower than the action potential: the peak of wave a was attained at 1 ms, and the peak of action potential was reached at 0.5 ms after the stimulation. This difference suggests that wave a represents the potential changes of the whole tubular membrane and the surface membrane, whereas the action potential represents a surface potential change. This idea was substantiated by recording absorption signals preferentially from the surface membrane by recording the absorption changes at the edge of the fiber. Wave a obtained by this method was as quick as the intracellular action potential. The value of radial conduction velocity of action potential along the T system, calculated by comparing the action potential with wave a, was 6.4 cm/s at 24.5 degrees C, in fair agreement with Gonzalez-Serratos (1971. J. Physiol. [Lond.]. 212:777-799). The shape of wave a suggests the existence of an access delay (a conduction delay at the orifice of the T system) of 130 microseconds.
Mutagenesis and mapping of the gene for a sporulation-specific penicillin-binding protein in Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 5* is produced by Bacillus subtilis only during sporulation and is believed to be required for synthesis of the peptidoglycan-like cortex layer of the spore. The structural gene (dacB) for PBP 5* was insertionally mutagenized by integration of a plasmid bearing an internal fragment of the gene, and the phenotype of the null mutant was characterized. The mutant had no apparent vegetative growth or germination defect, but it produced extremely heat-sensitive spores. This property is consistent with a defect in the amount or assembly of the cortex and supports the hypothesis that PBP 5* is required for synthesis of this structure. Analysis of the progeny after spontaneous excision of the integrated plasmid led to the conclusion that expression of the dacB gene was required only in the mother cell compartment during sporulation, which is also consistent with a role for PBP 5* in cortex synthesis and with its location in the outer forespore membrane. Genetic mapping located dacB midway between aroC (206 degrees) and lys (210 degrees) on the B. subtilis chromosome. This is a region where there are no other known spo, ger, or PBP genes. In related studies, we found that a null mutant of dacA, the structural gene for vegetative PBP 5, produced normal heat-resistant spores, which suggests that this PBP is not essential for cortex synthesis. In addition, a candidate for another sporulation-specific PBP was revealed on gels at approximately the same position as PBP 5*. The two PBPs could be distinguished by immunoassays.
Ratio of Electric and Magnetic Proton Form Factors at Q2=1.13(GeV/c)2 Via Recoil Polarimetry

The method of recoil polarimetry was used to extract the ratio of proton electromagnetic form factors, μpGpE/GpM =0.878 ± δ stat=0.064± δ sys=0.011 at Q2=1.13 (GeV/c)2.
A new freshwater Tardigrada Dactylobiotus kansae sp. n. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Murrayidae) from Kansas, U.S.A

Abstract A new eutardigrade, Dactylobiotus kansae, new species, is described from a freshwater algal sample from Kansas, U.S.A. The new species differs from other species of this genus by having a smooth cuticle, shorter stylet support insertion point distance, and smooth eggs deposited in the exuvium.
Opportunistic Routing with Congestion Diversity in Wireless Multi-hop Networks

This paper considers the problem of routing packets across a multi-hop network consisting of multiple sources of traffic and wireless links with stochastic reliability while ensuring bounded expected delay. Each packet transmission can be overheard by a random subset of receiver nodes among which the next relay is selected opportunistically. The main challenge in the design of minimum-delay routing policies is balancing the trade-off between routing the packets along the shortest paths to the destination and distributing traffic across the network. Opportunistic variants of shortest path routing may, under heavy traffic scenarios, result in severe congestion and unbounded delay. While the opportunistic variants of backpressure, which ensure a bounded expected delay, are known to exhibit poor delay performance at low to medium traffic conditions. Combining important aspects of shortest path routing with those of backpressure routing, this paper provides an opportunistic routing policy with congestion diversity (ORCD). ORCD uses a measure of draining time to opportunistically identify and route packets along the paths with an expected low overall congestion. Previously, ORCD was proved to ensure a bounded expected delay for all networks and under any admissible traffic (without any knowledge of traffic statistics). This paper proposes practical implementations and discusses criticality of various aspects of the algorithm. Furthermore, the expected delay encountered by the packets in the network under ORCD is compared against known existing routing policies via simulations where substantial improvements are observed.
A New Mutation (t-int) Interacts With the Mutations of the Mouse T/t Complex That Affect the Tail

A new recessive mutation affecting tail length is described. It is unlinked to the T/t-complex on chromosome 17 and yet it shows cumulative phenotypic effects with several t-complex mutations: T, TCu, tct and Fuki. It does not interact with five different nonchromosome 17 mutations that affect tail length. Thus, t-int is a tail modifier with surprisingly specific interactions.
Transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with ejector-expansion device

An ejector expansion transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle is proposed to improve the COP of the basic transcritical CO2 cycle by reducing the expansion process losses. A constant pressure mixing model for the ejector was established to perform the thermodynamic analysis of the ejector expansion transcritical CO2 cycle. The effect of the entrainment ratio and the pressure drop in the receiving section of the ejector on the relative performance of the ejector expansion transcritical CO2 cycle was investigated for typical air conditioning operation conditions. The effect of different operating conditions on the relative performance of the ejector expansion transcritical CO2 cycle was also investigated using assumed values for the entrainment ratio and pressure drop in the receiving section of the ejector. It was found that the COP of the ejector expansion transcritical CO2 cycle can be improved by more than 16% over the basic transcritical CO2 cycle for typical air conditioning operation conditions.
Empirical Correction to the Likelihood Ratio Statistic for Structural Equation Modeling with Many Variables

Survey data typically contain many variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is commonly used in analyzing such data. The most widely used statistic for evaluating the adequacy of a SEM model is T ML, a slight modification to the likelihood ratio statistic. Under normality assumption, T ML approximately follows a chi-square distribution when the number of observations (N) is large and the number of items or variables (p) is small. However, in practice, p can be rather large while N is always limited due to not having enough participants. Even with a relatively large N, empirical results show that T ML rejects the correct model too often when p is not too small. Various corrections to T ML have been proposed, but they are mostly heuristic. Following the principle of the Bartlett correction, this paper proposes an empirical approach to correct T ML so that the mean of the resulting statistic approximately equals the degrees of freedom of the nominal chi-square distribution. Results show that empirically corrected statistics follow the nominal chi-square distribution much more closely than previously proposed corrections to T ML, and they control type I errors reasonably well whenever N≥max(50,2p). The formulations of the empirically corrected statistics are further used to predict type I errors of T ML as reported in the literature, and they perform well.
Quantitative Role of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Gene during the Productive Stage of the Viral Life Cycle

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small circular DNA viruses that cause warts. Infection with high-risk anogenital HPVs, such as HPV type 16 (HPV16), is associated with human cancers, specifically cervical cancer. The life cycle of HPVs is intimately tied to the differentiation status of the host epithelium and has two distinct stages: the nonproductive stage and the productive stage. In the nonproductive stage, which arises in the poorly differentiated basal epithelial compartment of a wart, the virus maintains itself as a low-copy-number nuclear plasmid. In the productive stage, which arises as the host cell undergoes terminal differentiation, viral DNA is amplified; the capsid genes, L1 and L2, are expressed; and progeny virions are produced. This stage of the viral life cycle relies on the ability of the virus to reprogram the differentiated cells to support DNA synthesis. Papillomaviruses encode multiple oncoproteins, E5, E6, and E7. In the present study, we analyze the role of one of these viral oncogenes, E5, in the viral life cycle. To assess the role of E5 in the HPV16 life cycle, we introduced wild-type (WT) or E5 mutant HPV16 genomes into NIKS, a keratinocyte cell line that supports the papillomavirus life cycle. By culturing these cells under conditions that allow them to remain undifferentiated, a state similar to that of basal epithelial cells, we determined that E5 does not play an essential role in the nonproductive stage of the HPV16 life cycle. To determine if E5 plays a role in the productive stage of the viral life cycle, we cultured keratinocyte populations in organotypic raft cultures, which promote the differentiation and stratification of epithelial cells. We found that cells harboring E5 mutant genomes displayed a quantitative reduction in the percentage of suprabasal cells undergoing DNA synthesis, compared to cells containing WT HPV16 DNA. This reduction in DNA synthesis, however, did not prevent amplification of viral DNA in the differentiated cellular compartment. Likewise, late viral gene expression and the perturbation of normal keratinocyte differentiation were retained in cells harboring E5 mutant genomes. These data demonstrate that E5 plays a subtle role during the productive stage of the HPV16 life cycle.
Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization: speed and effectiveness

An experiment intended to evaluate the clinical application of contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) to chest computer tomography (CT) images is reported. A machine especially designed to compute CLAHE in a few seconds is discussed. It is shown that CLAHE can be computed in 4 s after 5-s loading time using the specially designed parallel engine made from a few thousand dollars worth of off-the-shelf components. The processing appears to be useful for a wide range of medical images, but the limitations of observer calibration make it impossible to demonstrate such usefulness by agreement experiments. >
Data compression for improving SPM behavior

Scratch-pad memories (SPMs) enable fast access to time-critical data. While prior research studied both static and dynamic SPM management strategies, not being able to keep all hot data (i.e., data with high reuse) in the SPM remains the biggest problem. This paper proposes data compression to increase the number of data blocks that can be kept in the SPM. Our experiments with several embedded applications show that our compression-based SPM management heuristic is very effective and outperforms prior static and dynamic SPM management approaches. We also present an ILP formulation of the problem, and show that the proposed heuristic generates competitive results with those obtained through ILP, while spending much less time in compilation.
Minimal four-family supergravity model.

We investigate minimal four-family MSSM supergravity theories containing an additional general ({ital t}{prime},{ital b}{prime},{tau}{prime},{nu}{prime}) of heavy fermions along with their superpartners. We constrain the models by demanding gauge coupling constant unification at high energy scales, perturbative values for all Yukawa couplings for energy scales up to the grand-unification scale, radiative electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking via renormalization group evolution down from the grand-unification scale, a neutral LSP, and consistency with constraints from direct searches for new particles and precision electroweak data. The perturbative constraints imply a rather light fourth-family quark and lepton spectrum, and tan {beta}{approx_lt}3. The lightest {ital CP}-even Higgs boson mass receives fourth-family loop corrections that can result in as much as a 30% increase over the corresponding three-family mass value. Significant fourth-family Yukawa coupling contributions to the evolution of scalar masses lead to unexpected mass hierarchies among the sparticles. The {tilde {tau}} {sub 1}{sup {prime}} is generally the lightest slepton and the lightest squark is the {tilde {ital b}} {sub 1}{sup {prime}}. A significant lower bound is placed on the gluino mass by the simple requirement that the {tilde {tau}} {sub 1}{sup {prime}} not be the LSP. Sleptons of the first two families are much more massive comparedmore » to the LSP and other neutralinos and charginos than in the three-family models; in particular, all sleptons belonging to the first three families could easily lie beyond the reach of a {radical}{ital s} =500 GeV {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} collider. Consistency tests of the RG equations via mass sum rules and relations are explored. Relations between slepton masses and gaugino masses are shown to be very sensitive to the presence of a fourth generation. The most important near-future experimental probes of the four-family models are reviewed.« less
Relationship of the Life Experiences Survey to Internal/External Control, Social Desirability, and Work-Related Satisfaction

The Life Experiences Survey was investigated for possible contamination with internal-external control, social desirability, and affect toward work-related facets of life, and independence of three of its possible subscales. There appears to be relatively little contamination of the scale, although there is some problem with the independence of some of the subscales.
Age-Dependent Resistance to Lethal Alphavirus Encephalitis in Mice: Analysis of Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System and Identification of a Novel Interferon-Inducible Protective Gene, Mouse ISG12

Several different mammalian neurotropic viruses produce an age-dependent encephalitis characterized by more severe disease in younger hosts. To elucidate potential factors that contribute to age-dependent resistance to lethal viral encephalitis, we compared central nervous system (CNS) gene expression in neonatal and weanling mice that were either mock infected or infected intracerebrally with a recombinant strain, dsTE12Q, of the prototype alphavirus Sindbis virus. In 1-day-old mice, infection with dsTE12Q resulted in rapidly fatal disease associated with high CNS viral titers and extensive CNS apoptosis, whereas in 4-week-old mice, dsTE12Q infection resulted in asymptomatic infection with lower CNS virus titers and undetectable CNS apoptosis. GeneChip expression comparisons of mock-infected neonatal and weanling mouse brains revealed developmental regulation of the mRNA expression of numerous genes, including some apoptosis regulatory genes, such as the proapoptotic molecules caspase-3 and TRAF4, which are downregulated during development, and the neuroprotective chemokine, fractalkine, which is upregulated during postnatal development. In parallel with increased neurovirulence and increased viral replication, Sindbis virus infection in 1-day-old mice resulted in both a greater number of host inflammatory genes with altered expression and greater changes in levels of host inflammatory gene expression than infection in 4-week-old mice. Only one inflammatory response gene, an expressed sequence tag similar to human ISG12, increased by a greater magnitude in infected 4-week-old mouse brains than in infected 1-day-old mouse brains. Furthermore, we found that enforced neuronal ISG12 expression results in a significant delay in Sindbis virus-induced death in neonatal mice. Together, our data identify genes that are developmentally regulated in the CNS and genes that are differentially regulated in the brains of different aged mice in response to Sindbis virus infection.
Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor is synergistic with JAK2 inhibitor and overcomes resistance to JAK2-TKI in human myeloproliferative neoplasm cells

Purpose: We determined the activity of hsp90 inhibitor, and/or Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), against JAK2-V617F–expressing cultured mouse (Ba/F3-JAK2-V617F) and human (HEL92.1.7 and UKE-1) or primary human CD34 + myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) cells. Experimental Design: Following exposure to the hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 and/or JAK2-TKI TG101209, the levels of JAK2-V617F, its downstream signaling proteins, as well as apoptosis were determined. Results: Treatment with AUY922 induced proteasomal degradation and depletion of JAK2-V617F as well as attenuated the signaling proteins downstream of JAK2-V617F, that is, phospho (p)-STAT5, p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2. AUY922 treatment also induced apoptosis of HEL92.1.7, UKE-1, and Ba/F3-hJAK2-V617F cells. Combined treatment with AUY922 and TG101209 caused greater depletion of the signaling proteins than either agent alone and synergistically induced apoptosis of HEL92.1.7 and UKE-1 cells. Cotreatment with AUY922 and TG101209 also induced significantly more apoptosis of human CD34 + MPN than normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. As compared with the sensitive controls, JAK2-TKI–resistant HEL/TGR and UKE-1/TGR cells exhibited significantly higher IC 50 values for JAK2-TKI ( P Conclusions: Findings presented here show that cotreatment with hsp90 inhibitor and JAK2-TKI exerts synergistic activity against cultured and primary MPN cells. In addition, treatment with hsp90 inhibitor may overcome resistance to JAK2-TKI in human MPN cells. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7347–58. ©2011 AACR .
Normal Morse Data of Two Morse Functions

In this chapter we analyze the normal Morse data at a critical point p∈Z of a function f1: Z → ℝ under the assumption that there exists a second function f2: Z → ℝ such that the map (f1,f2): Z → ℝ2 has a nondegenerate critical point at p (see below).
Hydromorphone vs fentanyl for epidural analgesia and anesthesia

Abstract Background Epidural analgesia/anesthesia is used during surgery because it dramatically relieves pain and attenuates the stress response. Because limited data exist regarding the relative merits of hydromorphone (HM) and fentanyl (FENT), the objective was to determine which was more safe and effective. Methods Prospective case-matched, observational study evaluated elective surgery patients: 30 HM and 60 FENT. Variables were measured perioperatively. Results Of the 90 patients, mean age was 52 years; simplified acute physiology score was 26 ± 10; and American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.4 HM vs 2.7 FENT, P = .03. HM patients were more apt to be excessively sedated (16% HM vs 1% FENT, P = .007) and have poor mental unresponsiveness (6% HM vs 0% FENT, P = .04). The incidence of hypotension was not different, 76% HM vs 80% FENT, not significant. Conclusions In a closely case-matched population, FENT caused less excessive sedation and unresponsiveness. FENT patients had better intraoperative urine output and tended to have less repeated episodes of hypotension.
Receiving and Rendering: Notes on the Edited Shakespeare Page

This essay argues for a greater variety of approaches to editing Shakespeare, including editors who may creatively and productively refashion or distort the text, not just clarify it. Following an aggressive, seemingly spurious emendation to a speech in As You Like It by eighteenth-century editor William Warburton (here called a “dead crux”), the author explores how the dynamics of a Shakespeare scene inflect and infect the voice of the editor, in a way all but unimaginable within the predominant, professional tone of present-day Shakespeare editing. Working from the speculative writing of Lawrence Lipking, and the editorial provocations of James Joyce, as well as Shakespeare himself, other possibilities for the relationship of text, editor, edition, and reader are considered; this in the context of a reading, based on Warburton’s emendation, of the Shakespeare scene in question.
Autologous CD34+ cell transplantation for patients with advanced lymphoma: effects of overnight storage on peripheral blood progenitor cell enrichment and engraftment.

In order to demonstrate the feasibility of mobilization, enrichment and engraftment of autologous peripheral blood CD34+ cells in patients with relapsed lymphoma, 59 peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collections from 21 patients were enriched for CD34+ cells using CEPRATE SC (CellPro, Bothell, WA, USA) immunoaffinity column. Following high-dose chemotherapy, a mean of 17 x 10(8) (range, 3-34) nucleated cells/kg containing 8.7 x 10(6) (0.3-26) CD34+ cells/kg were re-infused. Blood cell recovery in these patients was compared to engraftment capacity of unenriched PBPCs in a cohort of lymphoma patients treated with an identical high-dose chemotherapy regimen. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was rapid in both groups including five patients who received 2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were re-infused. The overnight storage procedure should be further evaluated for its effects on the CD34+ immunoaffinity enrichment procedure, megakaryocyte progenitors and platelet engraftment. We conclude that CD34+ cells enriched from peripheral blood result in rapid engraftment after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with advanced lymphoma that is comparable to that of patients receiving unenriched PBPCs.
High Throughput Vibrational Cytometry Based on Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy

We demonstrate a feasibility of a high-throughput (>1,000 cells/s) vibrational cytometry using nonlinear Raman microspectroscopy.
Relationship between pituitary growth hormone content and age in rats.

SummaryPituitary growth hormone content of female rats from several age groups was assayed in the tibia test; and it was found that the amount of growth hormone, expressed in either μg/mg pituitary or in micrograms growth hormone/g rat, does not follow an ascending or descending course but fluctuates within a relatively small range as the rat ages from 10 to 630 days of age.
Studying airway smooth muscle in vivo with PS-OCT(Conference Presentation)

Present understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma has been severely limited by the lack of an imaging modality capable of assessing airway conditions of asthma patients in vivo. Of particular interest is the role that airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays in the development of asthma and asthma related symptoms. We have developed novel techniques that we applied to Polarization Sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) in order to assess ASM, and validated our results with a substantial number of histological matches. In this work we employ our system in the study of ASM distributions in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic airways with data obtained in vivo from human volunteers. By isolating the ASM and performing volumetric analysis we obtain a variety of informative metrics such as ASM thickness and band width, and compare these quantities between subject types. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the degree of birefringence of the ASM can be associated with contractility, allowing us to estimate pressure exerted by ASM during contraction. We apply this technique to in vivo datasets from human volunteers as well.
Systemic Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer: The Value Proposition.

Neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy followed by definitive local treatment should be the treatment of choice for otherwise healthy and robust patients with T2b–T4 invasive bladder cancer.
Estimation Models of Summer Maize Leaf Pigment Content Based on Canopy Reflectance Spectra

Through analyzed the relationships among the leaves pigment contents of summer maize and the canopy reflectance of single waveband and ratio vegetation index(RVI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),orthogonal vegetation indices(MTVI2,MCARI2,SAVI,MSAVI) and chlorophyll absorption ratio index(CARI),the models for estimating the content of chlorophyll a(Chla),chlorophyll b(Chlb),chlorophyll a+b(Chl a+b) and carotenoid(Car) were established.The results showed that NDVI had the best correlation with the leaves pigment contents of summer maize,RVI,RVI and CARI ranks second.Established by stepwise regression analysis,the estimation model determination coefficient R2 of Chla,Chlb,Chl a+b and Car in summer maize leaf were 0.790 8,0.832 4,0.808 8 and 0.761 7.It was suggested that reliable monitoring of the summer maize leaves contents of Chla,Chlb,Chl a+b and Car could be feasible through using canopy NDVI.
The lipoxygenase inhibitor phenidone protects against proteinuria and stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The present study examined whether the dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor phenidone would protect stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) from stroke and hypertensive renal disease. Vehicle-treated SHRSP (N = 6), fed stroke-prone rodent diet and 1% saline, exhibited severe systolic blood pressure elevation (261 +/- 10 mm Hg, mean +/- SEM), marked proteinuria (90 +/- 12 mg/day), and stroke, with an average age at death of 14 +/- 1 weeks. In a second group of six saline-loaded SHRSP, treatment with phenidone (60 mg/kg/day) was started at 8.4 weeks of age. Despite establishment of severe hypertension in this group (274 +/- 10 mm Hg), proteinuria remained at basal levels (28 +/- 13 mg/day), and signs of stroke were absent (P less than .01 v vehicle) through at least 16 weeks of age. Phenidone treatment also prevented the declines in body weight and food intake observed in vehicle-treated SHRSP, and maintained urine volume and saline intake. Serum 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) generation was significantly inhibited greater than 50% in incubates of whole blood from phenidone-treated SHRSP. We have previously shown that agents which interfere with the renin-angiotensin system afford protection from renal and cerebrovascular injury in saline-loaded SHRSP; cyclooxygenase inhibition alone will hasten the onset of these pathologic changes. Whether phenidone, which has been reported to attenuate angiotensin II-mediated effects, affords vascular protection by interference with a lipoxygenase-mediated action of angiotensin II remains to be elucidated.
Investigating the Complex Chemistry of Functional Energy Storage Systems: The Need for an Integrative, Multiscale (Molecular to Mesoscale) Perspective

Electric energy storage systems such as batteries can significantly impact society in a variety of ways, including facilitating the widespread deployment of portable electronic devices, enabling the use of renewable energy generation for local off grid situations and providing the basis of highly efficient power grids integrated with energy production, large stationary batteries, and the excess capacity from electric vehicles. A critical challenge for electric energy storage is understanding the basic science associated with the gap between the usable output of energy storage systems and their theoretical energy contents. The goal of overcoming this inefficiency is to achieve more useful work (w) and minimize the generation of waste heat (q). Minimization of inefficiency can be approached at the macro level, where bulk parameters are identified and manipulated, with optimization as an ultimate goal. However, such a strategy may not provide insight toward the complexities of electric energy storage, especi...
In Memoriam: Oliver Oldman

In this paper, Professor Richard Pomp commemorates Oliver Oldman. Pomp reflects on Oldman’s immense legacy and shares memories of what it was like to study under a pioneer of sophisticated state tax analysis. Oldman taught the first state and local tax course at a law school, at a time when academics viewed the subject as a mere offshoot of federal tax. Ultimately, he demonstrated state taxation to be an intellectually rich field; now more than eighty schools teach the course. Oldman was also the leading theorist of property tax. Oldman directed the world-famous International Tax Program. His deep insight into tax administration benefited developing countries as Oldman traveled all over the globe. It also brought the globe to Oldman, whose course on taxation and economic development attracted ministers of finance, commissioners of taxation, and tax administrators from the developing world. Pomp reflects on Oldman’s approach as a professor: in an era Kingsfields, Oldman stood out as respectful, genuine, and supportive. He fostered lively debate and never made class about himself. Pomp had the pleasure of traveling extensively with Oldman. Oldman’s civility shined through his consistent willingness to consume the many dubious delicacies provided by hosts. And he remained a sweet companion in the face of minimal sleep, hygiene and nutrition. Oldman was selfless; he did things not because they were fashionable but because they needed to be done. And no one of his generation had more of an influence on tax systems around the world.
Nystatin Modulates Genes in Immunity and Wingless Signaling Pathways in Cow Blood

Nystatin is an antifungal agent isolated from bacteria found in the dairy cow environment. It disrupts small platforms in the cell membrane, composed of sphingolipids and cholesterol known as lipid rafts. Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) may be embedded in these lipid rafts. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro effects of the lipid raft inhibitor Nystatin, on the expression of genes in the innate and adaptive immunity and wnt signaling pathway in cow peripheral blood. Blood collected from four adult female Holstein-Friesian cows (n=4) was treated with 100ng/mL of Nystatin in vitro. Samples treated with Phosphate Buffer Saline served as control. Total protein concentration and prostaglandin E2in plasma were determined. Total RNA was isolated from cells and was used for cDNA synthesis. The effect of Nystatin on the expression of 84 genes on the cow Wingless signaling pathway and human innate and adaptive immunity arrays were assessed in cow blood using real-time PCR. Fold change in transcript abundance was calculated using Livak’s method. Nystatin was found to modulate transcription and translation of genes involved in homeostasis and immunity in cow blood. It also increased the concentration of total plasma protein and PGE2in cow blood and may thus have had a pro-inflammatory effect. This study provides evidence for the association between lipid raft inhibition and alterations in the wingless signaling pathway in ruminant blood. Furthermore, the results presented may inform antifungal drug design and use in cows.
Linear and non-linear loss mechanisms in high-power semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers

As the intra-cavity and emitted power in optical emitters continues to rise, both linear and non-linear loss mechanisms contribute to the saturation of emitted power. This paper will discuss the physical mechanisms that constitute loss in semiconductor emitters, and offer insight into how these mechanisms can be mitigated.
DEPLETION OF NOREPINEPHRINE STORES OF THE RAT VAS DEFERENS BY RESERPINE IN VITRO

Isolated vas deferens of the rat kept in Krebs solution containing reserpine phosphate (5 μg/ml) at 37° for 3 hr lost about 35% of its endogenous norepinephrine content. Intermittent transmural stimulation (150 impulses every 30 sec of each min) of the vas deferens for 3 hr did not alter tissue norepinephrine content. However, reserpine plus stimulation for 3 hr lowered norepinephrine content of the vas deferens from a control value of 12.23 μg/g to 3.30 μg/g. These findings provide a direct proof for the idea that sympathetic nerve activity is one of the essential factors for producing depletion of norepinephrine stores by reserpine.
The Use of Acid Deposition Models in Designing Long-Range Tracer Experiments

The feasibility of conducting a tracer field experiment to quantify the scales of atmospheric transport associated with acidic deposition is being debated. One design component for a tracer sampling network is the use of existing acid deposition models for guidance on probable transport directions and scales. In order to assess the most cost-effective sampling strategy it is important that an attempt is made first to model the space-time distributions of both the pollutant and the precipitation. It is the former we address in this paper; however, the importance of an adequate knowledge of precipitation distributions cannot be overstated.