cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectricity in tungsten bronze crystals

The range of piezoelectric properties available in tungsten bronze crystals reviewed includes both longitudinal and shear mode responses. Specific crystal compositions investigated include Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 (SBN), Ba2-xSrxK1-yNayNb5O15 (BSKNN), K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN), (Ba, Sr)6Ti2Nb8O30 (BSTN), Sr2-x-CaxNaNb5O15 (SCNN), Sr2KNb5O15 (SKN) and Pb1-xBaxNb2O6 (PBN). SBN, SCNN and SKN exhibit large piezoelectric d33 coefficients, while BSKNN, PBN:60 and KLN have large d15 shear coefficients. In La3+ -modified SBN:60, d33 can exceed 1000 pC/N, although its relaxor character increases with increasing La3+ content. The role of dopants in the 12-, 9- and 6-fold coordinated crystallographic sites is described with respect to the relaxor character of SBN crystals. The high piezoelectric and dielectric constants in these single crystals suggest their use in high frequency ultrasonic tomography. Both piezoelectric and electrostrictive options would appear to be available in the bronzes and the very high perfection of the availa...
A Reevaluation of the Surface Potential of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Using ESR Techniques

The basis for the measurement of the surface potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane using electron paramagnetic probes is discussed. The effects of probe permeability in the mitochondrial membrane and the consequences of potential-driven uptake of probe are considered. The problem of probe reduction and destruction is discussed and corrective procedures for this phenomenon are presented. Data are presented on the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane to cationic, amphiphilic spin probes designated Catn. The uptake of these probes is compared to that of a freely permeable phosphonium ion probe. Using this data the repartitioning of the Catn probes upon energization of mitochondria with ATP is explained in terms of changes in surface potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Lipoid theory of narcosis and partition coefficients

Because of the great importance of partition coefficients of narcotics between water and organic solvents in connection with the new theory of narcosis, it would not be inappropriate to comment on the theory of partitioning of a compound between two solvents that are immiscible with one another, and on the methods that can be used to measure partition coefficients (cf also Nernst (1898) Theoretische Chemie, 2nd edn, pp. 454–6; and (1889) Zeitschr. physik. Chem., 4, 150, and (1890) 6, 16). It is assumed that the solvents are essentially insoluble in one another, as is actually the case, for example, for olive oil and water, xylene and water, and petroleum ether and water.
Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion

Virtually all nutrients from the diet are absorbed into blood across the highly polarized epithelial cell layer forming the small and large intestinal mucosa. Anatomical, histological, and functional specializations along the gastrointestinal tract are responsible for the effective and regulated nutrient transport via both passive and active mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of intestinal absorption of key nutrients such as sodium, anions (chloride, sulfate, oxalate), carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, lipids, lipid- and water-soluble vitamins, as well as the major minerals and micronutrients. This outline, including the molecular identity, specificity, and coordinated activities of key transport proteins and genes involved, serves as the background for the following chapters focused on the pathophysiology of acquired and congenital intestinal malabsorption, as well as clinical tools to test and treat malabsorptive symptoms.
Advancing Diversity in Academic Nursing

As the world around us evolves and as society becomes increasingly diverse, the demographics of the health professions workforce, including nursing, have been slow to change. Even with influential public relations campaigns sponsored by Johnson & Johnson (2015), pivotal policy reports such as the Institute of Medicine the Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report (Institute of Medicine, 2010), and programs such as the New Careers in Nursing Program funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/New Careers in Nursing (2015), much work remains if the nursing workforce is to match the demographics of the U.S. population. Therefore, this article will examine the role that accreditation agencies and innovative programs, such as pipeline programs and academic–service scholarship programs, could play in promoting diversity in the future nursing workforce.
A Qualitative Study of Phase III Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment Decision-Making: Perspectives from Adolescents, Young Adults, Caregivers, and Providers.

Purpose: The mortality reduction rate for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer has not demonstrated the same rate of improvement as for children, due partly to insufficient phase III cancer clinical trial enrollment. This study describes three key components of phase III cancer clinical trial enrollment—family decision-making patterns, factors that influence AYAs' involvement, and attitudes (perceived barriers and benefits) toward trial participation—and evaluated a measure of attitudes. Methods: Participants were AYAs (15–23 years old at study) diagnosed with cancer and offered a phase III cancer clinical trial within the past 3–21 months, their primary caregivers, and their healthcare providers. Interviews assessed: (a) phase III clinical trial decision-making experiences and (b) relevance of the Pediatric Research Participation Questionnaire (PRPQ) in the assessment of AYAs' attitudes toward enrollment on phase III cancer clinical trials. Results: Thirteen AYAs, 16 caregivers, and 11 providers were interviewed. Four decision-making patterns were identified, with AYA abdicates to caregiver and caregiver-based and AYA-endorsed the most commonly described, but with variation across respondents. Distress and reduced health-related quality of life limited AYAs' involvement in the enrollment decision, while developmental and emotional maturity facilitated involvement. Perceived barriers and benefits to enrollment were reported, and the PRPQ was deemed relevant with minor modifications. Conclusions: Findings suggest that AYAs may not be fully involved in phase III cancer clinical trial enrollment decision-making, and caregivers and providers are challenged to overcome factors that limit their involvement. The PRPQ shows promise as a tool for systematically evaluating clinical trial attitudes.
A Study of Certain Metabolic Intermediates in the Normal and Ddt-Poisoned House Fly Adult

Although the existence and indispensable role of certain metabolic intermediates in animal tissues has become well established, very few of these investigations have been carried out using insect tissue. For example, insects were omitted from the classic invertebrate studies of Eggleton and Eggleton (1928), Meyerhof and Lohman (1928a, b), Meyerhof (1928), and Needham et al. (1932). Interest in the wing muscles of flying insects, unparalleled in the animal kingdom for their high rate of contraction and relaxation, led Baldwin and Needham (1933) to study the phosphorous distribution in the thoracic muscles of adult Calliphora and Lucilia flies. Before this work was finished, a paper by Schμtze (1932) appeared in which he reported having examined insect muscles of Locusta, Dytiscus, Hydrophilus, Lucanus, Apis and Aeschna and found arginine phosphate to be present, relying however, only on the evidence of the rate of hydrolysis. He also analyzed for lactic acid. Heller (1936) studied the phosphorous compounds in the larva and adult of the sphingid hawkmoth, Deilephila euphorbiae (Linn.).
Cooperation and sharing behavior among culturally deprived preschool children

Culturally deprived Negro and white kindergarten children (N = 12) were paired in like-sex dyads to investigate cooperative and sharing behavior. The development of cooperative behavior was demonstrated in a game situation in which the children received a marble for cooperative responses. Selfish behavior was analyzed using two different definitions which resulted in varying per cents of selfish behavior. A discussion of the disparities ensued.
Separate yet connected: Developmental networks as forums for individual growth

Individual growth is critical in today’s organizations, wherein employees must cope with uncertainty and adapt quickly to rapid changes. However, processes of individual growth in organizations remain under-theorized and therefore poorly understood. In this article, we develop a model that sheds light on one key mechanism for growth: proteges’ interactions with their developmental networks. Our theory reveals that involvement in multiple, simultaneous developmental relationships potentially catalyzes a complex growth process involving elements of both separation from and connection to others. The proposed model contributes to the literatures on adult development and mentoring, and suggests several directions for future empirical research.
Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection

A type B dissection involves the aorta distal to the subclavian artery, and accounts for 25-40% of aortic dissections. Approximately 75% of these are uncomplicated with no malperfusion or ischemia. Multiple consensus statements recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the treatment of choice for acute complicated type B aortic dissections, while uncomplicated type B dissections are traditionally treated with medical management alone, including strict blood pressure control, as open repairs have a prohibitively high morbidity of up to 31%. However, with medical treatment alone, the morbidity, including aneurysm degeneration of the affected segment, is 30%, and mortality is 10% over 5 years. For both chronic and acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissections, emerging evidence supports the use of both best medical therapy and TEVAR. This paper reviews the current diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated type B aortic dissections.
Application of ARIMA model in forecasting the incidence of mumps

Objective To explore the application of ARIMA model in the prediction of the incidence of mumps and verify the feasibility and applicability of the model. Methods Incidence data of mumps in Nanjing from January 2004 to December 2012 were fitted with ARIMA model using SPSS 18. 0statistical software. The incidence rate from January to December 2013 was verified by the established model,and then,monthly incidence rates in 2014 were predicted and evaluated. Results A total of 14 871 mump cases were reported from 2004 to 2013,with average annual incidence rate of 21. 78 /100 000. Each year the monthly incidence rates were fluctuated around 1. 85 /100 000. ARIMA( 1,0,0)( 2,1,0)12model was set up as the optimal one. The model residual sequence was white noise. The parameters of the model were statistically significant except the constant term. MAPE was 29. 63% and R2,0. 76. Monthly incidence rates from January to December 2013 fitting with the model were all within the 95% confidence interval,consistent with the change trend of the actual incidence,which verified the availability of the model.Predicted by the model,the annual incidence rate of mumps in 2014 was 1. 48 /100 000 and the peak months of incidence were April( incidence rate: 2. 33 /100 000),May( 2. 72 /100 000),and June( 2. 52 /100 000). Conclusion ARIMA model can be used to fit mumps incidence trends in time series,and for dynamic analysis and short term prediction of the incidence of mumps.
Effect of penehyelidine hydrochloride as preoperative medication in extra corporeal circulation on cognitive dysfunction

Objective To investigate the effects of pnehyclidine hydrochloride on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) in the patients undergoing valve replacement during cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods A total of 40 patients aged 15-55 years with cardiac function 2-3,received heart valve replacement form January 2009 to September 2009 were selected according to the mini-mental status(mini-mental state,MMS) detection.The patients were randomly divided into two groups(n= 20).The patients in penehyclidine group(P group),and the control group(group C) received pnehyclidine hydrochloride 0.015 mg/kg,normal saline 1 mL intramuscular injection respectively at 30 min before induction.The blood samples were taken from internal jugular vein and arterial radialis after trachea cannula immediately,5 min after CPB,during cooling stability stage,5 min after the end of CPB,and 5 min,6,12,24,48 h after the end of operation,and remarked from T1 to T9 respectively.Then,the blood gas analysis and plasma S100β protein concentration were determined.Results(1)In two groups the special demographic,physical examination results and the baseline(M0) results,and CPB time,aortic cross-clamping time had no statistically significant difference(P0.05);(2) The comparison of SjvO2,CERO2:the level of SjvO2 decreased,CERO2 increased at T2 in each group,and changed significant at T4.The SjvO2 in P group was higher as well as CERO2 was lower than each time point(P0.05).And the two indexes got close between T1 and T8;while it was significantly lower than T1 at T9 in C group(P0.05).(3)The comparison of S100β protein concentration:the protein concentration increased at T2 in each group,reached the peak at T4 in P group,while at T5 in C group.(4)The incidence of POCD in P group was significantly lower than that in group C(P0.05).Conclusion The pnehyclidine hydrochloride has better effect in maintenance cerebral oxygen balance in the patients with heart valve replacement surgery,decreases serum S100β protein content,and alleviates brain tissue injury,also reduces the incidence of POCD.
Application of Boronizing Process

The application of boronizing process in the latest ten years at home was reviewed.The researches indicate that some notable achievements and considerable economic benefits in this aspect were gained.The application of boronizing process would be widely extended when the shortcoming of boronizing,such as too high boronizing temperature and brittleness of boronized layer,was solved.
Rapid Creation and Publication of Digital Musical Instruments.

We describe research enabling the rapid creation of digital musical instruments and their publication to the Internet. This research comprises both high-level abstractions for making continuous mappings between audio, interactive, and graphical elements, as well as a centralized database for storing and accessing instruments. Published instruments run in most devices capable of running a modern web browser. Notation of instrument design is optimized for readability and expressivity.
In vitro incorporation of C14 glycine and S35 sulfate into protein by human colon mucosa.

Summary1. The incorporation of car-boxyl C14 labeled glycine into the protein of human colon mucosa has been studied in vitro. The incorporation was inhibited by nitrogen and cyanide. There was no consistent effect from omitting calcium and/or magnesium from the buffer. Penicillin depressed the incorporation: aureomycin produced no consistent results. Homogenized tissue failed to incorporate even though viable bacteria were present. 2. A mucoprotein was isolated from colon mucosa and both carboxyl C14 glycine and inorganic S35 sulfate were found to be incorporated into protein and mucoprotein. 3. Solution and reprecipitation of total crude protein removed the S35 label, but not the C14 label.
Colonized Curriculum: Racializing Discourses of Africa and Africans in Dutch Primary School History Textbooks

Although U.S. scholars have long documented the stereotypical appearance of Africa in textbooks, scant research does so in the Netherlands. The Dutch, internationally recognized for generous aid, c...
Open Brow Lift Surgery for Facial Rejuvenation.

Brow lifting is a gratifying operation; creation of a youthful eye/brow complex can by quite dramatic. Repositioning of the brows can aid in the appearance of other structures of the upper face, such as the forehead rhytids, glabellar muscles, crow’s feet, and upper eye lids. Although there are several acceptable methods of brow elevation, a pretrichial brow lift is a predictable, stable, and simple operation to satisfy the cosmetic needs of patients.
Constraints on Variation from Genotype through Phenotype to Fitness

Publisher Summary Constraints on variation take place on multiple levels. At the source of variation, the intrinsic rates, biases, and genetic requirements of mutational mechanisms limit the range of possible genetic modifications. Moving up, the map from genes to traits is not perfect. Because of the influence of the environment, phenotypic variation can arise without genotypic variation; because of buffering within and among genes, genotypic variation can exist without corresponding phenotypic variation. This latter phenomenon—genetic robustness—significantly constrains the production of phenotypic novelty. Integrating across all three levels, natural selection itself can limit variation. A mutation may simply be deleterious and therefore be eliminated rapidly by natural selection. Moreover, if a gene is involved in the production of multiple phenotypes, then a mutation may produce innocuous or beneficial variation in the trait of interest while damaging another trait. Natural selection may eliminate the mutation by virtue of the pleiotropic deleterious effects and thereby constrain the variation possible in the trait of interest. This chapter explores these three levels of constraints on variation and refers to them as mechanistic, epistatic, and viability constraints. It considers the large bodies of theoretical and experimental research on these topics and generates further intuition using a realistic genotype–phenotype model that has recently provided profound insights into the nature of phenotypic variation.
Summary of New Los Alamos National Laboratory Groundwater Data Loaded in July 2012

This report provides information concerning groundwater monitoring data obtained by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under its interim monitoring plan and contains results for chemical constituents that meet seven screening criteria laid out in the Compliance Order on Consent. Tables are included in the report to organize the findings from the samples. The report covers groundwater samples taken from wells or springs that provide surveillance of the groundwater zones indicated in the table.
Identification of jet noise source using causality method based on large-eddy simulation of a round jet flow:

An acoustic analogy analysis based on a decomposition of the source term in Lighthill’s equation is discussed in light of a large-eddy simulation of a subsonic turbulent jet exhausting from a baseline round nozzle at Mach number M = 0.9 with Reynolds number Re = 105. The decomposed sub-terms show the nonlinear reciprocal interactions of density, velocity, vorticity, and dilatation fields. To understand the aerodynamic sound generation mechanism, intrinsic links between turbulent flow and emitted acoustic signals are made and applied to the large-eddy simulation data. Cross-correlation functions are used for the links between the far-field sound signals and the sub-terms as well as major flow variables in the jet flow domain. The spatial distributions of cross-correlations are examined to identify the sound source distribution throughout the domain and observe the mutual interactions and cancellations between the decomposed sub-terms. The contributions of sub-terms are also studied in frequency domain.
Benchmarking the expected stack manufacturing cost of next generation, intermediate-temperature protonic ceramic fuel cells with solid oxide fuel cell technology

Abstract Recent progress in the performance of intermediate temperature (500–600 °C) protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) has demonstrated both fuel flexibility and increasing power density that approach commercial application requirements. These developments may eventually position the technology as a viable alternative to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The PCFCs investigated in this work are based on a BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ (BZY20) thin electrolyte supported by BZY20/Ni porous anodes, and a triple conducting cathode material comprised of BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ (BCFZY0.1). These cells are prepared using a low-cost solid-state reactive sintering (SSRS) process, and are capable of power densities of 0.156 W cm −2 at 500 °C operating directly from methane fuel. We develop a manufacturing cost model to estimate the N th generation production costs of PCFC stack technology using high volume manufacturing processes and compare them to the state-of-the-art in SOFC technology. The low-cost cell manufacturing enabled by the SSRS technique compensates for the lower PCFC power density and the trade-off between operating temperature and efficiency enables the use of lower-cost stainless steel materials. PCFC stack production cost estimates are found to be as much as 27–37% lower at 550 °C than SOFCs operating at 800 °C.
Adsorption on Carbon Nanotubes: Experimental Results

Over the past ten years, interest in the study of gas adsorption on carbon has experienced resurgence and growth 1. ; 2. ; 3. . This revival of interest, in no small measure, followed as a result of the publication of two studies in the late 1990s on hydrogen adsorption on new forms of carbon. These were the Rodriguez's group work on graphite nanofibers (GNFs) [4] and the work on carbon nanotubes by Heben's group [5] . These two studies held the promise of providing new approaches to gas storage. Even though neither of them is now considered valid by most researchers in this field, their impact in stimulating further work in gas adsorption on novel carbon materials cannot be underestimated.
Recent progress in understanding HIV reservoirs.

Purpose of review Reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells persist long-term despite highly effective antiretroviral suppression therapy and represent the main barrier against a cure for HIV-1. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the complexity and diversity of viral reservoir cells. Recent findings Latently infected memory CD4 T cells are the predominant cell compartment responsible for viral persistence, but some studies suggest that myeloid cells, and possibly hematopoietic progenitors, can also serve as long-term viral reservoirs. Specific phenotypic markers, including T-cell activation and exhaustion molecules, may denote CD4 T cells enriched for replication-competent proviruses. Clonal proliferation of infected CD4 T cells in vivo represents an important mechanism responsible for the remarkable long-term stability of the viral reservoir. Multiple new assays, including near full-genome proviral sequencing and simplified versions of viral outgrowth assays, are being developed to analyze and quantify persisting reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells. Summary Recent technological advances allow to profile the molecular structure and composition of viral reservoir cells in great detail. Continuous progress in understanding phenotypic and functional properties of viral reservoir cells provides clues for novel clinical interventions to destabilize viral persistence during antiretroviral therapy.
Cognitive Ability, Personality, and Pathways to Retirement: An Exploratory Study

This paper explores the utility of two prominent psychological variables - cognitive ability and personality - as predictors, while also substantially expanding the detail with which retirement pathways can be characterized.
Testing Significance Testing

The practice of Significance Testing (ST) remains widespread in psychological science despite continual criticism of its flaws and abuses. Using simulation experiments, we address four concerns about ST and for two of these we compare ST’s performance with prominent alternatives. We find the following: First, the p values delivered by ST predict the posterior probability of the tested hypothesis well under many research conditions. Second, low p values support inductive inferences because they are most likely to occur when the tested hypothesis is false. Third, p values track likelihood ratios without raising the uncertainties of relative inference. Fourth, p values predict the replicability of research findings better than confidence intervals do. Given these results, we conclude that p values may be used judiciously as a heuristic tool for inductive inference. Yet, p values cannot bear the full burden of inference. We encourage researchers to be flexible in their selection and use of statistical methods.
Died of a Theory

It was the 1970s and I was completing my doctoral studies at the City University of New York. Being without private funds, like many other poverty stricken graduate students, I took a job to meet my expenses. In my case, this entailed driving a taxi. The garage that employed me was located in Brooklyn, but as we cabbies understood, the majority of the work lay on the other side of the East River. The first thing we did each morning therefore was to cross the Manhattan Bridge. Once beyond this span, we would cruise up and down the island, transporting passengers on short, lucrative hauls along well-worn tracks. To recross the river was an act of folly that placed one in an area with fewer fares and where one was in jeopardy of getting lost.
Entinostat in combination with nivolumab for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

TPS4151Background: The use of antibody therapy targeting immune checkpoints has become a major focus of cancer immunotherapy, with the most compelling activity seen in the minority of patients with...
In-Group Love Versus Out-Group Hate: Which Is More Important to Partisans and When?

Recent evidence indicates that partisans discriminate against those from the opposing party. However, it is still unclear whether partisan out-group prejudice reveals a desire for out-group harm or in-group help. We investigate the conditions under which these tendencies arise. Using one observational survey and three survey experiments, we show that when given the chance to either harm the out-group or help the in-group, people tend to choose the latter. Yet while the tendency to help the in-group appears to be primary, we also show that under situations of symbolic threat to partisan identity, respondents shift gears and opt for harming the out-group as a strategy to defend the status of their political group identity. These results add to our understanding of how partisan identity and polarization works in non-elites.
The demographic consequences of mutualism: ants increase host-plant fruit production but not population growth

The impact of mutualists on a partner's demography depends on how they affect the partner's multiple vital rates and how those vital rates, in turn, affect population growth. However, mutualism studies rarely measure effects on multiple vital rates or integrate them to assess the ultimate impact on population growth. We used vital rate data, population models and simulations of long-term population dynamics to quantify the demographic impact of a guild of ant species on the plant Ferocactus wislizeni. The ants feed at the plant's extrafloral nectaries and attack herbivores attempting to consume reproductive organs. Ant-guarded plants produced significantly more fruit, but ants had no significant effect on individual growth or survival. After integrating ant effects across these vital rates, we found that projected population growth was not significantly different between unguarded and ant-guarded plants because population growth was only weakly influenced by differences in fruit production (though strongly influenced by differences in individual growth and survival). However, simulations showed that ants could positively affect long-term plant population dynamics through services provided during rare but important events (herbivore outbreaks that reduce survival or years of high seedling recruitment associated with abundant precipitation). Thus, in this seemingly clear example of mutualism, the interaction may actually yield no clear benefit to plant population growth, or if it does, may only do so through the actions of the ants during rare events. These insights demonstrate the value of taking a demographic approach to studying the consequences of mutualism.
What's Wrong With This Picture?: The Impact of Freeways on Urban Neighborhoods

The freeway overpass has become one of the most familiar experiences and scene (Figure 1) on the modern landscape. Limited-access freeways, hastened by President Eisenhower's signing of the Federal...
Mediated Superficiality and Misogyny Through Cool on Tinder

Signaled in its reputation as a “hookup app” or “sex app,” the mobile dating app Tinder has been accused of having ignited “hookup culture” associated with superficiality and sexual innuendo. Howev...
Coordination Control of Synchronous Condenser and Reactive Power Compensation Equipment in UHVDC Converter Station

In order to promote the transmission capacity and to increase the reliability of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission, a new generation synchronous condenser was developed and installed in both the sending-end and receiving-end converter stations. The synchronous condenser has excellent dynamic characteristics of fast response and overload capacity, which can provide dynamic reactive power reserve to support the system voltage and reduce the possibility of DC commutation failure when there is a system fault. To make further use of the synchronous condenser during normal operation, a study was carried out to coordinate the condenser with other reactive compensation equipment in the converter station, which not only can make smooth switchover of the filter or the capacitor by utilizing the reactive power reserve of the synchronous condenser, but can also reduce the number of operations of the on-load tap changer (OLTC), thus extending its service life.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improving Penile Calciphylaxis.

Calciphylaxis is a rare and poorly understood disease that almost exclusively occurs in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is characterized by the calcification of medium and small dermal arterioles with resultant gangrenous necrosis. Patients develop exquisitely painful skin ulceration and necrosis, typically in the lower extremities. Treatments are severely limited, and mortality is high, as few treatment options provide a survival benefit. Improvement in a few calciphylaxis cases affecting the extremities or abdomen have been reported using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), however, very few have had a favorable response when it affected penile tissue. We present a case of a patient with ESRD on hemodialysis and subtotal parathyroidectomy who had biopsy-proven penile calciphylaxis with refractory pain who ultimately underwent successful HBOT.
Population reduction by hunting helps control human–wildlife conflicts for a species that is a conservation success story

Among the world’s large Carnivores, American black bears (Ursus americanus) are the foremost conservation success story. Populations have been expanding across North America because the species is adaptable and tolerant of living near people, and because management agencies in the U.S. and Canada controlled hunting and other human-sources of mortality. As a result, human–black bear conflicts (damage to property, general nuisance, threat to human safety) have dramatically increased in some areas, making it urgently important to develop and deploy a variety of mitigation tools. Previous studies claimed that legal hunting did not directly reduce conflicts, but they did not evaluate whether hunting controlled conflicts via management of population size. Here, we compared temporal patterns of phoned-in complaints about black bears (total ~63,500) in Minnesota, USA, over 4 decades to corresponding bear population estimates: both doubled during the first decade. We also quantified natural bear foods, and found that large year-to-year fluctuations affected numbers of complaints; however, since this variation is due largely to weather, this factor cannot be managed. Complaints fell sharply when the management agency (1) shifted more responsibility for preventing and mitigating conflicts to the public; and (2) increased hunting pressure to reduce the bear population. This population reduction was more extreme than intended, however, and after hunting pressure was curtailed, population regrowth was slower than anticipated; consequently both population size and complaints remained at relatively low levels statewide for 2 decades (although with local hotspots). These long-term data indicated that conflicts can be kept in tolerable bounds by managing population size through hunting; but due to the bluntness of this instrument and deficiencies and uncertainties in monitoring and manipulating populations, it is wiser to maintain a population at a level where conflicts are socially-acceptable than try to reduce it once it is well beyond that point.
Clustering in a newly forming social network by subjective perceptions of loneliness.

To determine whether first-year college students cluster in networks based on subjective perceptions of loneliness. Participants: 492 first-year Notre Dame students completed surveys across two sem...
Looking Forward by Looking Backward: Brandeis’ Concurrence in Whitney v. California and the Future of Communication Law Scholarship

In the decade following World War I, the Supreme Court of the United States decided a number of influential cases involving outspoken speakers, whose ideas were often less than popular. Against thi...
Mental Health Issues in Geriatrics

The recent induction of the baby boomer generation into the geriatric population will greatly expand the number of geriatrics with psychiatric conditions. Psychiatric workers are ill prepared to manage this demand for mental health services, with only 0.9 geriatric psychiatrists per 10,000 Americans over the age of 75 [1]. Primary care providers, advanced practice providers, and others will need to bridge the gap in mental health resources for our increasingly senescent population.
A New Kind of Psychotherapy for Ethical Subjectivity

I move from Freud’s skepticism in Chapter 5 to now explore Sandor Ferenczi’s emphasis on affective relations. Ferenczi developed his psychoanalytic insights by combining emergent elements of Object Relations and Intersubjective approaches, and I use Ferenczi’s work to pivot the chapter toward an ethic that lies beyond horizons of self-mastery. I undo the moral binary between self-mastering reason and embodied vulnerability before proposing an intersubjective self where one is always vulnerable to aggression in oneself and from another.
Impact of a focused review course in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery on test performance

Abstract Background The Core Curriculum Review Course in Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery is a 4-day educational program consisting of 77 didactic lectures that provide a comprehensive review of the material required for surgeons preparing for the American Board of Thoracic Surgery competency written examination. The lectures are supplemented with a written syllabus and interactive audience participation system. We sought to determine whether participation in this course could improve participants' performance on a cardiothoracic subject-based test. Methods Sixty-five participants attended the 2018 course. Before beginning the course lectures, a multiple-choice pretest consisting of 77 questions was administered via mobile application to gauge the participants' baseline knowledge. A second multiple-choice posttest was made available beginning 7 weeks after the course, also by mobile application. Results Twenty-nine participants completed both the pretest and the posttest. The median pretest score was 47% (36 of 77 correct answers). The median posttest score was 61% (47 of 77 correct answers), representing an increase of 14%. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (z = -4.36; P = .00). Overall, 25 participants (86%) improved their posttest score. Conclusions The core curriculum review course was successful in improving participants' performance on the course tests, indicating that the participants' fund of knowledge was likely increased by attendance at the program. Additional strategies should be considered to address particular areas of study both for individual participants and for residents currently in training.
Bacterial endocarditis of the pulmonic valve: Association with atrial septal defect of the ostium secundum type∗

Abstract An unusual case of “right-sided bacterial endocarditis” is reported with a brief review of the literature. Fever, changing heart murmurs over the pulmonic area and scattered pulmonary infiltrates were the main clinical features. At surgery, a large secundum atrial septal defect was found in addition to a large vegetation on the right cusp of the pulmonic valve. The possibility of an acquired stenosis of the pulmonary valve secondary to proliferative bacterial endocarditis is suggested. This could explain the elevated systolic pulmonary valve gradient, in the absence of the typical congenital fusion of the pulmonary cusps.
An Example of Preclassic Mayan Writing

Archaeological discoveries at San Bartolo, Guatemala, have provided a rich trove of information about Maya culture. Painted hieroglyphs in an early temple at this site suggest that Mayan writing had developed by 200 to 300 B.C.
Predictions for the annular solar eclipse of 1984

Predictions for the path of the annular solar eclipse of 30 May 1984 are presented. Local circumstances for cities in and along the path are discussed as well as the Saros history of this eclipse. The author investigates the possibility of observing the solar corona during maximum eclipse but concludes that the prospects are remote. Finally, the appearance of the eclipse during annularity, and beading phenomena, are discussed, with the help of a lunar-limb analysis and observations made at previous eclipses of this Saros series.
Nutritional Studies of Rickettsia quintana: Nature of the Hematin Requirement

Rickettsia quintana grew in a liquid medium consisting of a brain-heart infusion base supplemented with starch and hematin. The growth requirement for hematin could not be substituted by compounds of known catalytic activity for H(2)O(2), viz., catalase, potassium pyruvate, or charcoal, or by the reducing compounds sodium sulfite and sodium thioglycollate. R. quintana was catalase-negative, but no H(2)O(2) production could be demonstrated by the catalase-aminotriazole technique. A minimum inoculum giving 10(5) cells/ml was required to initiate growth. The generation time at 33 C was 10 hr. The temperature range for growth was 28 to 37 C. Growth was enhanced when succinate or glutamate was added as energy source.
The study of nonlinear optical effects of GaN and AlGaN epitaxial films

Summary form only given. Here we report the study of nonlinear optical effects and waveguide modes of wide-bandgap and band-gap tunable semiconductor GaN and Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N epitaxial films. Low-pressure metalorganic vapor deposition (MOCVD) was used to grow epitaxial GaN and AlGaN layers on (0001) sapphire substrate. The UV absorbance spectra of a GaN film (with thickness 2.1 /spl mu/m) is shown.
A Bayesian characterization of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium

A Bayesian method for determining if there are large departures from independence between pairs of alleles at a locus, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), is presented. We endorse the view that a population will never be exactly in HWE and that there will be occasions when there is a need for an alternative to the usual hypothesis-testing setting. Bayesian methods provide such an alternative, and our approach differs from previous Bayesian treatments in using the disequilibrium and inbreeding coefficient parameterizations. These are easily interpretable but may be less mathematically tractable than other parameterizations. We examined the posterior distributions of our parameters for evidence that departures from HWE were large. For either parameterization, when a conjugate prior was used, the prior probability for small departures was itself small, i.e., the prior was weighted against small departures from independence. We could avoid this uneven weighting by using a step prior which gave equal weighting to both small and large departures from HWE. In most cases, the Bayesian methodology makes it clear that there are not enough data to draw a conclusion.
Cardiac Myocyte Terminal Differentiation

The exact mechanism of terminal differentiation in cardiac myocytes is currently unknown. Studies in the skeletal muscle system provided a model where muscle lineage termination gene directly interacts with Rb to produce and maintain the terminally differentiated state. This interaction provided the critical components for the lock in cell cycle arrest in skeletal muscle cell. Cardiac muscle appears on the surface very similar to skeletal muscle especially since they share large numbers of structural and contractile proteins. However, it is clear that cardiac muscle cells are distinct biologically at the regulatory level. First and foremost, differentiation and capacity for hyperplasia (mitosis) is not mutually exclusive, in that the heart being the first functional organ embryologically is able to grow via cell division until shortly after birth. Thereafter further growth is provided by hypertrophy. In skeletal muscle, these two processes, differentiation and ability to undergo mitosis, appear to be mutually exclusive. Second, cardiac muscles have not been shown to express any of the skeletal muscle determination basic helix loop helix factors like myoD or any proteins that are functionally similar. Third, heterokaryons of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts reveal a lack of dominance of the cardiac muscle phenotype. This is distinctly different in skeletal muscle, whose phenotype is dominant which provided a platform to identify the skeletal muscle determination gene, myoD. Although various basic helix loop helix proteins and homeobox genes have been identified in cardiac myocytes, their function remains to be elucidated. At this time no cardiac determination gene has been identified. Despite these differences, we have shown that the biology of pocket proteins Rb and P107 is similar in skeletal and cardiac myocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling of uni-axial stretching of track-etch membranes

Finite element analysis was used to predict the uni-axial deformation of poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) track-etch membranes. Model track-etch membranes were constructed in AutoCAD and imported into ABAQUS, a finite element solver commonly used for deformation modeling. Two models were constructed, one in three-dimensions and the other in two-dimensions. The results of the models were in statistical agreement, so two-dimensional modeling was preferred to reduce computation time. Major and minor axes lengths were computed and compared to experimental results of elongated membranes. The two-dimensional model using simple expressions for physical property data was successful in capturing the uni-axial deformation behavior for track-etch membranes of 0.6, 2 and 10 μm pore size.
129I and244Pu abundances in white inclusions of the Allende meteorite

Abstract Data are presented for thermal-release xenon analysis of a neutron-irradiated sample of white inclusions from the carbonaceous chondrite Allende. The best-fit high-temperature 129 Xe/ 132 Xe vs. 128 Xe/ 132 Xe isochron defines an iodine-xenon age 2.4 ± 1.3 my before that of the chondrite Bjurbole, well within the previously observed range of meteoritic iodine-xenon ages. The high-temperature data are not strictly consistent with the linear isochron model, however, and are best interpreted as defining a spread of about 4 my, corresponding either to slow cooling or to separate formation of phases before aggregation. The high-temperature data also define a good correlation between 130 Xe/ 132 Xe and 134 Xe/ 132 Xe, determining a ratio 244 Pu/ 238 U = 0.087 ± 0.011 at the time the sample began to retain xenon. This ratio is nearly six times higher than that found in the chondrite St. Severin. Comparison with the iodine chronology indicates that this result cannot be interpreted as very early gas retention, but must be ascribed to chemical fractionation between Pu and U in the formation of these inclusions. Results are also presented for a partial thermal-release xenon analysis of the neutron-irradiated carbonaceous chondrite Karoonda. Agreement of these results with those of a previous experiment is significant because Karoonda is the first case in which it has been possible to test the reproducibility of the I-Xe method by comparison of duplicate analyses.
Teaching Lean Manufacturing With Simulations and Games: A Survey and Future Directions

Problem-based learning focuses on small groups using authentic problems as a means to help participants obtain knowledge and problem-solving skills. This approach makes problem-based learning ideal for teaching lean manufacturing, which is driven by a culture of problem solving that values learning as one key output of manufacturing production. Thus, simulations that organize participants in teams for realistic manufacturing production problem solving are widespread as a way to use problem-based learning to teach lean manufacturing. But a critical assessment of existing simulations for lean manufacturing instruction has been lacking. Accordingly, a literature survey is conducted and existing simulations are classified according to their emphasis on lean tools or the overall lean system; the degree of their focus on soft skills, if any; and their area of application, whether academic or industry. Four gaps are found in existing simulation designs: lack of stress on soft skills, a mistaken focus on âlinear lean,â misunderstanding of the key role of the facilitator, and lack of realism. Future directions for study and improvement in lean simulation design are suggested.
Recombinant antibodies generated from both clonal and less abundant plasma cell immunoglobulin G sequences in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain are directed against measles virus

Increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intrathecally produced oligoclonal bands (OGBs) are characteristic of a limited number of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases and are often directed against the cause of disease. In subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), the cause of disease and the target of the oligoclonal response is measles virus (MV). The authors previously showed that clonally expanded populations of CD38+ plasma cells in SSPE brain, the likely source of OGBs, are directed against MV. In characterizing the breadth of the plasma cell reactivities, the authors found that a large proportion of the less abundant plasma cells are also directed against MV. The intrathecal response may be useful in determining the causes of other inflammatory CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Behcet's disease, and neurosarcoidosis.