cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deflated GMRES for systems with multiple shifts and multiple right-hand sides☆

Abstract We consider solution of multiply shifted systems of nonsymmetric linear equations, possibly also with multiple right-hand sides. First, for a single right-hand side, the matrix is shifted by several multiples of the identity. Such problems arise in a number of applications, including lattice quantum chromodynamics where the matrices are complex and non-Hermitian. Some Krylov iterative methods such as GMRES and BiCGStab have been used to solve multiply shifted systems for about the cost of solving just one system. Restarted GMRES can be improved by deflating eigenvalues for matrices that have a few small eigenvalues. We show that a particular deflated method, GMRES-DR, can be applied to multiply shifted systems. In quantum chromodynamics, it is common to have multiple right-hand sides with multiple shifts for each right-hand side. We develop a method that efficiently solves the multiple right-hand sides by using a deflated version of GMRES and yet keeps costs for all of the multiply shifted systems close to those for one shift. An example is given showing this can be extremely effective with a quantum chromodynamics matrix.
Electronic structure and reaction mechanism as guides to the design of hybrid inorganic–organic polymers

Abstract Systematic approaches to the design of organofunctional cyclophosphazene monomers and their conversion to organic backbone polymers with cyclophosphazene substituents are described. A variety of methods including DFT calculations, photoelectron spectroscopy and copolymerization reactivity ratios show that the π electrons in an olefin attached to a cyclophosphazene undergo σ polarization towards the phosphazene. This effect may be mediated by electron donors on the olefin or, more effectively, by an insulating function between the olefin and the inorganic ring. Two optimized monomers, P3N3Cl5OR (R C6H4CH CH2, (CH2)4OC (O)CMe CH2), have been prepared and their homo- and copolymerization behavior explored. Mixed phosphazene substituent systems have also been developed. Per substituted monomers, P3N3(OR)6, have been developed and converted to cross linked, hyperbranched and cyclomatrix materials via multi arm polymerization.
Integration of Finite Element and Multibody Dynamics Models Using Gluing Algorithm

This paper provides a method of the coupling multibody dynamics (MBD) and finite element (FE) codes to solve flexible multibody dynamics problems across a distributed simulation platform. The aim is to minimize the information exchange across the different platforms yet still obtain results of engineering accuracy. Many approaches for solving flexible multibody systems consisting of elastic and rigid components have focused on how the equations of motion for the flexible components can be formulated and combined with other component equations. We present a Partitioned Iteration Method (PIM), which can decouple the elastic deformation and rigid body motion of the flexible body by employing a CG-following floating reference frame. In the PIM, the global motion of a flexible body is expressed as a summation of the linearized elastic deformation measured in the CG-following reference frame and the motion of the reference frame and be solved in separated finite element and multibody dynamics solvers. The PIM is combined with the gluing algorithm and is used to solve multiple flexible bodies in a distributed simulation environment. It enables the use of independent simulation servers, where each server can run commercially available or research-based MBD and/or FE solvers. Examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the new method and to show how to decouple and integrate a general flexible multi-body dynamics system.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Multi-wavelength observations of novae in outburst

This review serves as the introduction to the observational studies of novae and I will mention a number of results that will be emphasized by other reviewers. Therefore, I will try to provide the physical framework for multi-wavelength observations as applied to studies of novae. I divide the outburst into phases based on the physical effects that are occurring at that time. The first phase is the rise to bolometric maximum and occurs on a convective time scale. The second phase is the rise to visual maximum and occurs on the time scale for the envelope to expand to {approximately}10{sup 12}cm. The third phase is the time when the nova is emitting at constant bolometric luminosity, but declining optical magnitude, and it lasts until most of the accreted material has been either exhausted or eroded from the surface of the white dwarf. The fourth and final phase is the return is the return to quiescence (turn-off phase) and it occurs at the time that nuclear burning is ending. I will discuss each of these phases in turn and end with a discussion. 36 refs.
Binding Kinetics of Antigen by Immobilized Antibody or of Antibody by Immobilized Antigen: Influence of Lateral Interactions and Variable Rate Coefficients

Kinetic rate expressions are developed for the binding kinetics of antigen by immobilized antibody or of antibody by immobilized antigen. The influence of lateral interactions leads to variable rate coefficients for adsorption, and these provide a more realistic picture of the events occurring on the surface. Emphasis is placed on the similarities and dissimilarities present in the kinetic rate expressions. A general trend in the rate expressions is observed on going from dual-step binding to dual-step binding with lateral interactions. This provides physical insights into the reactions occurring at the surface and helps in their control and stability at the surface.
Successes, Challenges and Lessons Learned: Community-engaged research with South Carolina's Gullah population.

Engaging communities is highly recommended in the conduct of health research among vulnerable populations. The strength of community-engaged research is well documented and is recognised as a useful approach for eliminating health disparities and improving health equity. In this article, five interdisciplinary teams from the Medical University of South Carolina present their involvement with community-engaged research with a unique population of Gullah African Americans residing in rural South Carolina. Their work has been integrated with the nine established principles of community-engaged research: establishing clear goals, becoming knowledgeable about the community, establishing relationships, developing community self-determination, partnering with the community, maintaining respect, mobilising community assets, releasing control, and maintaining community collaboration. In partnership with a Citizen Advisory Committee, developed at the inception of the first community-engaged research project, the academic researchers have been able to build on relationships and trust with this population to sustain partnerships and to meet major research objectives over a 20-year period. Challenges observed include structural inequality, organisational and cultural issues, and lack of resources for building sustainable research infrastructure. Lessons learned during this process include the necessity for clearly articulated and shared goals, knowledge about the community culture, and embedding the cultural context within research approaches. Keywords: Engaged health research, vulnerable populations, longterm collaboration, South Carolina 'Gullah' communities
Formation of 2-alkenes as secondary products during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Abstract The H 2 /D 2 switching experiments showed that there is an inverse isotope effect during iron catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactions. The rate of hydrocarbon production ( r ) increased when syngas CO/H 2 was switched to CO/D 2 with the ratio of r H / r D being 0.55–0.58. The inverse isotope effect in every propagation step was calculated to be 0.88, which is a reasonable value for an inverse isotope effect at 270 °C that originates from the C–H (D) bond hybridization change from sp 2 to sp 3 . These results are similar to cobalt catalyzed FT reactions that were explained by the modified alkylidene mechanism by which 1-alkenes and n-alkanes are the primary products of the FT reaction and the others are products of secondary. The detailed analysis of products produced during iron catalyzed FT reactions with CO/H 2 or CO/D 2 as the syngas feeds showed that while the ratios of [1-alkenes] H /[1-alkenes] D are less than 1, the ratios of [2-alkenes] H /[2-alkenes] D are more than 1; this indicates that 2-alkenes are produced through a pathway that is different from 1-alkenes. These results also suggest that there is a normal isotope effect during the formation of 2-alkenes through the corresponding 1-alkenes, which will result in the ratio of [1-alkenes] H /[1-alkenes] D being less than 1. The formation of 2-alkenes is explained by the alkylidene mechanism.
A Novel Statistical Approach for Image and Video Retrieval and Its Adaption for Active Learning

The ever expanding multimedia content (such as images and videos), especially on the web, necessitates effective text query-based search (or retrieval) systems. Popular approaches for addressing this issue, use the query-likelihood model which fails to capture the user's information needs. In this work therefore, we explore a new ranking approach in the context of image and video retrieval from text queries. Our approach assumes two separate underlying distributions for query and the document respectively. We then, determine the extent of similarity between these two statistical distributions for the task of ranking. Furthermore we extend our approach, using Active Learning techniques, to address the question of obtaining a good performance without requiring a fully labeled training dataset. This is done by taking Sample Uncertainty, Density and Diversity into account. Our experiments on the popular TRECVID corpus and the open, relatively small-sized USC SmartBody corpus show that we are almost at-par or sometimes better than multiple state-of-the-art baselines.
Structure and bonding at metal-ceramic interfaces: Ag/CdO(001)

Electronic-structure total-energy investigations of the metal-ceramic interface system Ag/CdO(001) show that the preferred adsorption site for Ag is above the O site of the clean CdO(001) surface. The calculated equilibrium interlayer separation between the Ag overlayer and the CdO interface layer is 4.32 a.u. and the binding energy is 0.63 eV/atom. The charge transfer between Ag and the CdO substrate is small (0.02 electrons/atom) and the range of the interface effect on the CdO(001) surface is limited to the interface layer. The interfacial hybridization between the Ag and the O atoms makes a significant contribution to the binding of the Ag/CdO(001) interface.
Multilingual component programming in racket

In the world of Racket, software systems consist of inter-operating components in different programming languages. A component's implementation language may provide the full functionality of Racket, or it may support a small domain-specific notation. Naturally, Racketeers construct languages as Racket components and compose them to create new languages. This talk will present the ideas behind Racket: language-specific components, the composition of components, and, most importantly, the rich support for building languages.
A Scriptable, Statistical Oracle for a Metadata Extraction System

An oracle is described for dynamic validation of an application (metadata extraction from scanned documents) where a moderate failure rate is acceptable provided that instances of failures during operation can be identified. The oracle combines a variety of deterministic tests and statistical tests based upon characteristics of the document collection on which the system operates. Because this system must adapt to a variety of document collections with different characteristics, a scripting language is developed that binds combinations of tests to the metadata fields expected in a given document collection. The suitability of the oracle is demonstrated by an experiment measuring its ability to mimic human judgments as to which of several alternate outputs for the same document would be preferred.
Experimental evidence for agent-patient categories in child language.

Evidence provided by contrastive word order for agent and patient semantic categories in young children's spontaneous speech is confounded. Agents (effectors of the action) tend to be animate; patients (entities acted upon) tend to be inanimate. In an experiment designed to circumvent this confounding and to test young children's linguistic sensitivity to the role an entity plays in the action, nine children (2; 4·0–2; 11·5) described actions involving animate and inanimate entities playing both agent and patient roles. Four linguistic measures were observed. On every measure agents were treated differently from patients. For the most part, these agent–patient differences persisted when animate and inanimate entities were examined separately. These results provide evidence for the child's intention to talk about the role an entity plays, independent of its animateness, and also suggest that the child uses role-defined linguistic categories like AGENT and PATIENT to communicate these relational intentions.
Mating constraint languages for assembly sequence planning

The authors analyze the most commonly used form of constraint languages for assembly planning: mating constraint languages. These constraints are typically composed of relations asserting that a certain pair of parts must be mated before some other pair of parts may be mated. However there are many significant differences between the forms of these constraints used by different authors. It is proven that some of these forms, such as those based on less-than relations and those based on less-than-or-equal-to relations, are equivalent. A variety of theorems that address which kinds of mating constraint languages are able to represent which kinds of sets of plans are included. >
Encoding and complex figure recall

This study investigated the effects of type of encoding strategy (organized and disorganized) and of active versus passive encoding on memory for interrelated spatial material. Delayed recall performance for a complex, nonrepresentational two dimensional figure was measured in 120 normal young adults assigned to one of three groups that varied as to the approach used during the initial construction of the figure. Those applying self-generated strategies performed best. In addition, recall performances were significantly better for those applying a prescribed, organized strategy as compared with performances of those applying a prescribed, disorganized strategy. These effects were not attributable to differences on measures of IQ or spatial information processing. The findings indicated that, independent of memory ability, both the degree of organization and of active strategizing at encoding are determinants of recall ability for complex spatial information and suggest that these factors have implications for memory processes more generally. (JINS, 2001, 7, 728–733.)
Fusion power plants-goals and technological challenges

Fusion is one of a few future power sources with the potential to be both economically acceptable and have attractive safety and environmental characteristics. In addition fusion fuel is inexhaustible, readily available, and affordable. Fusion can be an important option in the energy mix for the future because of environmental, supply, and political difficulties associated with fossil fuels and present-day nuclear power. An overview of the technological requirements for fusion power plants is given and their economic, safety, and environmental features are explored. Conceptual design studies predict that fusion power plants will be capital intensive and will be used as central electric power station. The cost of electricity from these power stations is estimated be comparable to other sources of energy. In addition, by using "low-activation" materials and care in design, fusion safety and environmental advantages (with respect to consequences of accidents, waste-disposal, and air pollution, etc.) can be realized. These advantages of fusion will not, however, be achieved automatically and a significant science and technology development program will be required for their realization.
Calcium regulates human CYP11B2 transcription

The CYP11B2 gene encodes aldosterone synthase, a cytochrome P450 (P450aldo) expressed in high levels in the adrenal zona glomerulosa. While the primary physiologic regulators of aldosterone production are circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) and potassium (K+) the action of these agents on CYP11B2 gene transcription have not been examined. Because these factors increase intracellular calcium we have hypothesized that calcium signaling pathways are one mechanism controlling CYP11B2 transcription. Previously we demonstrated that increases in intracellular calcium increase P450aldo mRNA. Herein, we analyzed the role of calcium in the expression of the human CYP11B2 gene using transient transfection of a luciferase reporter construct containing 2017 bp of human CYP11B2 5'flanking DNA in mouse Y-1 and human H295R adrenocortical cell lines. When transfected into Y-1 cells, reporter gene expression was increased following treatment with ACTH or forskolin, but not with Ang II, the L-type calcium channel agonist BAYK8644, or ionomycin. In H295R cells, however, reporter gene expression was increased following treatment with Ang II, K+, BAYK8644 ionomycin or dibutyryl cAMP (Bu2cAMP). Activation of protein kinase C with TPA did not alter reporter gene expression in either cell line. These data demonstrate that both calcium and cAMP signaling pathways regulate human CYP11B2 gene expression. In addition, the H295R adrenal cell line appears to be an appropriate model to study regulation of CYP11B2 by calcium.
Efficient Market-Clearing Prices in Markets with Nonconvexities

This paper addresses the existence of market clearing prices and the economic interpretation of strong duality for integer programs in the economic analysis of markets with nonconvexities (indivisibilities). Electric power markets in which nonconvexities arise from the operating characteristics of generators motivate our analysis; however, the results presented here are general and can be applied to other markets in which nonconvexities are important. We show that the optimal solution to a linear program that solves the mixed integer program has dual variables that: (1) have the traditional economic interpretation as prices; (2) explicitly price integral activities; and (3) clear the market in the presence of nonconvexities. We then show how this methodology can be used to interpret the solutions to nonconvex problems such as the problem discussed by Scarf [Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(4) (1994) 111].
Demography of a natural population of Daphnia retrocurva in a lake with low food quality

The hypothesis was tested that Daphnia exhibit low population recruitment in a lake with phosphorus (P)-deficient food, where Daphnia populations failed to increase in response to greatly lowered minnow density. Egg ratio analysis was performed on Daphnia retrocurva from L110 of the Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario, in 1994. L110 has high food abundance (seston carbon (C) - 100 uM C), but the seston is P deficient (C:P atomic - 600). Chrysophytes dominated the algal community. The fish community in this lake was manipulated in 1993 and 1994 by the addition of northern pike, Esox lucius. Zooplanktivorous minnows were greatly reduced after the piscivore addition, but the expected increase in abundance of the Daphnia to this altered predation regime was not observed. If food quality constrains the response of the Daphnia to changed predation, there should be low recruit- ment in the relatively sparse Daphnia population in this lake. Birth rates estimated by standard egg ratio analysis were <0.1 day1 for most of the sample period. In comparison to annual averages from the literature, recruitment in LI 10 was moderately, but not dramatically, low. Daphnia exhibited pronounced 'normal' vertical migration (up at night, down during the day) all year, and a strongly declining size at first reproduction through the season. Population density and birth rates seemed to show much less short-term change than previously observed in other lakes. Although the demo- graphic predictions for food quality constraints seemed clear, in situ demography unfortunately neither supported nor strongly rejected the overall hypothesis of food quality limitation in this lake with very high C:P ratios. Possibly, direct demographic effects of low food quality will be difficult to observe in nature.
A study of digital ink in lecture presentation

Digital inking systems are becoming increasingly popular across a variety of domains. In particular, many systems now allow instructors to write on digital surfaces in the classroom. Yet, our understanding of how people actually use writing in these systems is limited. In this paper, we report on classroom use of writing in one such system, in which the instructor annotates projected slides using a Tablet PC. Through a detailed analysis of lecture archives, we identify key use patterns. In particular, we categorize a major use of ink as analogous to physical gestures and present a framework for analyzing this ink; we explore the relationship between the ephemeral meaning of many annotations and their persistent representation; and we observe that instructors make conservative use of the system's features. Finally, we discuss implications of our study to the design of future digital inking systems.
Overactive bladder in the vulnerable elderly

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem that may occur in individuals of all ages. It has a considerable impact on patient quality of life, and although moderately effective management strategies do exist, this condition often remains undiagnosed and untreated. OAB needs to be viewed as a symptom complex. Its presentation and management are complicated in the vulnerable elderly by the presence of baseline frailty and multiple coexisting chronic conditions. Furthermore, and beyond a simple understanding of symptomatology, providers must address patient goals and motivations as well as the expectations of caretakers. These multiple levels of perception, function, expectations, and treatment efficacy/risks must be tailored to the individual patient. While the vulnerable elderly patient may often have evidence of urinary tract dysfunction, OAB and urge urinary incontinence in this population must be understood as a multifactorial geriatric syndrome and viewed in the context of medical and functional baseline and precipitating risk factors. Expectations and goals must be tailored to the resources of vulnerable elderly patients and their caregivers, and care must be coordinated with other medical care providers. The management of OAB in the vulnerable elderly often poses significant management challenges. Nonetheless, with a thoughtful approach and an aim towards future research specifically for this population, significant reductions in morbidity and mortality long with enhancement in health-related quality of life are possible.
Historic volcanology document reprinted

On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.) has reprinted an historic, hard-to-find reference on volcanic activity in Hawaii and around the world that was published at the observatory from 1925 to 1955. The Volcano Letter contains the definitive reports of many Hawaiian eruptions, such as activity in Halemaumau at Kilauea from the late 1920s to 1934 and the Mauna Loa eruptions of 1935 and the 1940s; accounts of the development of volcano-monitoring techniques at HVO; scholarly reports on historic activity at volcanos in Hawaii and around the world; and reports of seismicity in Hawaii and elsewhere.
Application of passive samplers (pisces) to locating a source of PCBs on the Black River, New York

Dissolved hydrophobic chemicals can be concentrated with a passive, in situ concentration-extraction sampler (PISCES), an inexpensive and easy-to-use device made from plumbing parts and polyethylene film. PISCES is intended to mimic the direct uptake of chemicals from water by fish without the complications of metabolism and the uncertainty of location of exposure. This report examines the practical application of PISCES to a problem in identifying the source of PCBs to the Black River (NY). PISCES were deployed on three occasions at stations throughout the length of the river. Solvent recovered from the PISCES was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Relative homolog abundances and absolute amount of recovered PCBs pointed to a particular river reach as a possible source. A fourth set of samples taken in the city of Carthage (NY) defined a plausible source. Conventional sampling methods would not have been effective in this situation.
Architecture and regulation of the Ca2+ delivery system in muscle cells

The junctional domain of sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) is specialized for receiving signals from the plasmalemma–transverse tubules and for releasing Ca2+ during muscle activation. The junctional fa...
Do Discretionary Accruals Help Distinguish between Internal Control Weaknesses and Fraud

This paper extends the investigation of the effectiveness of discretionary accruals in detecting fraud and evaluating internal control weaknesses. Our sample is divided into four subsamples: healthy firms, firms that experienced internal control weaknesses, firms that committed financial reporting fraud, and firms that committed fraud by violating stock options reporting rules. We develop a logistic regression model with discretionary accruals variables and other financial variables, to identify the characteristics of firms that have internal control weaknesses and the two different types of financial statement fraud. The model is 79.1% accurate in distinguishing firms with internal control weaknesses from firms with financial reporting fraud; 71.6% accurate in distinguishing firms with internal control weaknesses from firms with options reporting; and 87.5% accurate in distinguishing firms with financial reporting fraud from firms with options reporting fraud. These models are helpful to the auditor for assessing the risk of various types of fraud.
Implementing Decision Trees and Forests on a GPU

We describe a method for implementing the evaluation and training of decision trees and forests entirely on a GPU, and show how this method can be used in the context of object recognition.
The Use of Microcomputer Software In The Audit Environment: The Implication For Accounting Education

The use of microcomputer software in auditing is becoming increasingly popular. This study reports the results of a survey on the utilization of microcomputer software in the audit environment. The survey results suggest that it is advisable to auditing students to become familiar with Lotus 1-2-3, Dbase, and Word Perfect or Multimate.
Trump Cards II: Significance of the Donald's Rise, His Audacious Two-Layered Campaign, and His Achilles Heels

Donald Trump’s campaign for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 is without precedent in U.S. political history. Beginning with announcement of his candidacy in June 2015 the billionaire businessman’s generic attacks on the veniality and incompetence of politicians and federal leaders, and assertions about building a wall on the Mexican border filled the news media. By July his poll ratings moved ahead of a large and well-credentialed field of candidates. In November a series of events and statements about Muslims and Syrian refugees aroused outrage among newspaper editors and influential political columnists. But the continued rise of Trump’s poll ratings confounded earlier predictions that his campaign would falter. His support among Republican voters was confirmed by an overwhelming victory in the New Hampshire primary in early February 2016. Analysis of Trump’s books, political history, and campaign detail leads to several conclusions. 1) Trump drew on principles described in his earlier books and TV experience to develop strategies to counter the image of his earlier support for Democratic politicians, including Hillary Clinton. 2) He projected extreme positions as a deliberate tactic to gain media coverage while conveying a tough conservative image. 3) I agree with New York Magazine writer Frank Rich that Trump “made a monkey of pundits and pollsters”. His campaign also unmasked the superficiality and conflicting behavior of leading news media whose editors and writers disparaged or condemned Trump while articles on him filled their pages, helping implement strategies that took him to the top. 4) His lack of ideological persuasions has helped him identify and speak bluntly about issues normally glossed over. If Trump becomes the Republican nominee questions include whether he has strategies to offset the negative image created by his rude behavior in the primary campaign, and, if successful, whether his ego would allow him to effectively employ his skills and energy to solve the nation’s problems.
Evaluation and Management of Bacterial and Fungal Infections Occurring in Patients with a Hematological Malignancy: A 2011 Update

Patients with a hematological malignancy are a heterogeneous patient population who are afflicted with diseases that range from rapidly fatal acute leukemia to indolent lymphoma or chronic leukemia. Treatment options for these patients range from observation to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but all patients are more susceptible to infection. The problem of infection is dynamic with continued shifts in pathogenic organisms and microbial susceptibilities, new treatment regimens that further diminish immune function, and patients receiving treatment who are now older and frailer. The classic patterns of immunodeficiency for patients with a hematological malignancy include: periods of profound neutropenia, increased iatrogenic risks (i.e., central vascular catheters), and cellular immune suppression that affects HSCT recipients, patients with lymphoid malignancies, and those receiving treatment with corticosteroids or agents like alemtuzumab [1–4]. Recent advances in antimicrobial drug development, new technology, clinical trial results, and further clinical experience have enhanced the database on which to make infection prophylaxis and treatment decisions. However, the practicing clinician must remember that the majority of basic infection management principles for patients who are neutropenic remain unchanged.
Optimal matching strategy based on electric vehicle contactless charging compensation model

Compensation mode has an important influence on the efficiency and power characteristics of contactless charging system. Analyze the necessary of power compensation for the loosely coupled transformer based on electromagnetic inductive contactless charging system structure of electric vehicle. By analyzing the four kinds of compensation models, the S/S model is selected due to its high system efficiency and easy control, and the matching relationship between the system frequency and the equivalent load is put forward. In the premise of considering the system efficiency and the user experience, the efficiency-preferred operating frequency selection strategy of the electric vehicle electromagnetic inductive contactless charging system is proposed, which contributes to produce a new idea to maintain the system to work efficiently by the operating frequency adjusting. The correctness of the analysis and optimization strategy is verified by examples.
Disclosure Policy Choices of Stressed Firms in the U.K.

This study examines disclosure choices of 81 stressed U.K. firms where stress is represented by the first-time receipt of a modified audit report during 1982-1990. I analyze the general premise that managers of these stressed firms adopt disclosure policies designed to reduce manager' shareholder information differences and thereby reduce perceived undervaluation of their firms' stock prices. Empirical results are consistent with this premise. Modified-report firms made more extensive discretionary disclosures than did comparison firms and disclosure frequency and volume are strongly and positively correlated with proxies for financial stress and restructuring. I also find that managers' decisions to make preemptive disclosure of an expected modified report is positively correlated with the materiality of the news based on two different materiality measures: the auditor's assessment of the seriousness of the underlying condition and the stock price response to initial disclosure of the modified report.
Novel Data Sharing Between a Comprehensive Cancer Center and a Private Payer to Better Understand Care at the End of Life

Abstract Context Understanding end-of-life (EOL) care patterns is a prerequisite to improving the experience for cancer patients. EOL measures endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF) have been examined in older patients using Medicare claims. Objectives To evaluate EOL care for patients treated at a comprehensive cancer center, using private payer claims data. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) patients who died between July 2010 and December 2012, and were insured by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts. Primary data sources included Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts claims information and DFCI administrative data. We assessed NQF-endorsed measures of EOL care related to emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions in the last 30 days, chemotherapy in the last 14 days, hospice stay, and death in an acute care setting. Patterns of care by cancer type and service location were determined. Results Among 674 patients (mean age 58 years), event rates for NQF-endorsed EOL measures were similar to those reported using Medicare claims. Decedents with hematologic malignancies received significantly more intensive care and were less likely to have enrolled in hospice, compared to decedents with solid tumors. Thirty to 45% of EOL events occurred outside of DFCI and its affiliated hospitals. Conclusion Data sharing between a private payer and a large cancer center proved feasible and informative. High rates of hospital service use outside of our sites of care were unexpected. The findings suggest opportunities to better manage care at the end of life.
A new group of psychotomimetic agents.

SummaryA series of synthetic anticholinergic agents have been shown to possess potent psychotomimetic properties. Chemically, the agents are esters of piperidine and benzilic acid. Among the effects produced are megalomanic and paranoid delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations, and a partial loss of contact with the environment. A number of congeners of the compounds have been examined with regard to structure-activity relationships.
Relationship Between O18/O16 Ratios in Coexisting Minerals of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Part 1: Principles and Experimental Results

A fluorine-extraction technique for determination of oxygen-isotopic abundances has been used to obtain O^(18)/O^(16) analyses of the common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. A direct comparison with an independent method of analysis, that of reduction with carbon at high temperatures, has shown that both these methods are reliable for quartz samples. Most minerals can be analyzed by the fluorine method with a precision of 0.2 per mil. Only olivine and magnetite, of the common rock-forming minerals, are difficult to react with fluorine. Consistent oxygen-isotopic relationships exist among the various igneous rock types and their constituent minerals. Mafic rocks have lower O^(18)/O^(16) ratios than do the more salic rocks. Quartz is invariably the mineral richest in O18, and magnetite is the lowest. Other coexisting minerals have intermediate O^(18)/O^(16) ratios; the usual sequence from highest ratio to lowest is K feldspar, plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, and biotite. Commonly, a spread of 4-5 per mil is found between coexisting biotite and quartz. These consistencies are observed in all the rocks studied, regardless of age or geographic location. Analyses of the minerals in the four principal rock types of the Southern California batholith (gabbro, tonalite, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite) have been obtained. For comparison, the same technique has been used on similar rock types from widely scattered localities, to test the general applicability of the results. The main rock types of the Skaergaard intrusion have been analyzed, as well as various mineral samples from ultramafic rocks, anorthosites, pegmatites, metamorphic amphibolites, and metamorphic arkosic quartzites.
Food Assistance Programs in the Reagan Administration

The twenty years before the Reagan administration assumed power saw major changes in food assistance programs in the United States. There was a rapid increase in program expenditures and participation and in federal responsibility for these programs. In addition, the food specific nature of aid, especially food stamps, was reduced, giving the program many of the characteristics of a general welfare program. As part of an overall effort to control spending, the Reagan administration attempted to reduce food assistance costs by targeting benefits to the very poor and restricting aid to those above the poverty level. Only a modified version of this scheme was accepted by Congress. The net effect was a continued rise in costs and participation during the Reagan years, but at a slower rate than would have been the case under previous rules. As part of the New Federalism program, suggestions were made to give states a greater role in food aid programs. Little came of these suggestions, however. A growing awareness of a new hungerproblem (caused in part by changes in the Food Stamp program in the late 1970s) has resulted in pressure for increased food aid. Budget considerations have limited these efforts, although there has been a major increase in commodity distributions in recent years.
Physical and Chemical Stimuli Affecting Oviposition Preference of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Water vapor, free moisture, odor, and touch stimulated oviposition by the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). Moist sites with an attractive odor were more attractive than dry sites. Combinations of stimuli were always more effective than a single factor. When squash and bean plants were offered, the spiny squash leaves were always preferred to the relatively smooth bean leaves.
Farewell to Sport: The Decline of the African American Athlete During the Age of the Collegiate Arms Race and Globalization

Perhaps no one is better positioned than Professor Edwards to provide a critical assessment of the interconnection among sport, race and American culture. The man who organized the proposed boycott of the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City and has served for years as the conscience for an institution that has not always lived up to its professed ideals of fair play and equality, Professor Edwards has provided important insights into the racial realities of American sport through his many presentations, interviews, public pronouncements, articles, and such books as Black Students (1970), The Revolt of the Black Athlete (1969), The Struggle that Must Be: An Autobiography (1980), and Sociology of Sport (1973). In this plenary address Edwards furnishes an assessment of the status of African American athletes during the new age of globalization and current economic instability inflicting intercollegiate sport. Careful to put the topic in its proper historical context, Professor Edwards makes clear that the reintegration of sport in post-World War II America was motivated more by business and politics than brotherhood and that the selective one-way nature of the process has led to a plantation system in which whites control sport while African Americans are relegated to the less powerful position of athlete. The selective and one-way rather than two-way and structural process of reintegration successfully put an end to all black sports institutions while at once funneling a disproportionate number of African American male athletes into basketball and football and their female counterparts into basketball and track and field. Coinciding with the development of a plantation system in sport has been the outmigration of the more affluent members of the African American community that has led to the deepening material deterioration and resultant desperation and hopelessness of that community. No one has been more affected by this deterioration than young African American males who have increasingly been mired in poverty, limited in their access to a quality education, overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and with little hope of career success beyond that of dreaming of becoming a rap artist or professional athlete. Unfortunately, the chances of becoming an athlete at the highest level is severely limited and becoming increasingly so, especially now with more potentially great
Vector-meson photoproduction and the classification of the pomeranchukon

It is shown that vector-meson photoproduction is not the most suitable means of distinguishing between the Freund and the CHN classification of the Pomeranchukon.
Prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy

The pathophysiology and natural history of diabetic nephropathy are described, and recent developments in its prevention and treatment are discussed. Diabetic nephropathy can occur in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics. It is characterized by arterial hypertension, proteinuria, and progressive loss of renal function. Although the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated, hyperglycemia with altered intraglomerular hemodynamics is an important contributor to the initiation and progression of the disease. Concurrent hypertension aggravates progression of the disease. Currently accepted strategies to slow the progression of diabetic renal disease have focused on antihypertensive therapy, strict glucose control, and restriction of dietary proteins. Recent publications support the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors have a unique ability, independent of their antihypertensive effect, to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Investigational agents (e.g., aminoguanidine) may prove helpful in the management of the condition. Information about the prevention of diabetic nephropathy has grown significantly in the past few years.
Management Of Nonepidermoid Cancer Of The Larynx

Nonepidermoid cancer of the larynx represents an extremely diverse group of diseases with differing prognoses and rationales of management. With the lack of specificity in symptoms and physical findings, proper and expeditious lesion characterization is therefore dependent on a high index of suspicion by the clinician and accurate consulting histopathology. These neoplasms can be grouped according to cells with secretory, connective tissue, lymphoreticular, or metastatic origins. Based upon this framework, this article discusses the unique aspects of these various diseases that can lead to their diagnosis, along with consideration of management options and prognostic variables.
Running performance in middle-school runners.

Aim. This study examined the relationship of 3-km run time to indices of aerobic and anaerobic ability in 9 male runners (13.4±0.6 years, mean±SD). Methods. Anthropometric measurements were made, and an exercise test to determine running economy at 187 m.min -1 and VO 2max were assessed on a treadmill. On a separate day, 2 55-m sprints followed by a 3-km run were performed on a 200-m indoor track. Capillary blood samples were obtained from a finger tip immediately after the run to determine blood lactate level. Fractional utilization (% VO 2max used during the 3-km run) was calculated. Correlations were used to examine the relationship between run time and the physiological measurements. Results. Mean values for VO 2 , HR and RER at maximal exercise were 61.7±4.4 ml.kg -1 .min -1 , 198.9±6.7 b.min -1 , and 1.16±0.04, respectively. The average time to run 3 km was 13.27±0.97 min (90.1±7.2% of VO 2max ). Post-run blood lactate level was 8.3±3.2 mmol.L -1 and was significantly related (r=-0.73, p=0.02) to 3-km time. Fractional utilization tended to be related (r=-0.56, p=0.12) to time. Conclusion. In this age group the ability to run at a high percentage of VO 2max and tolerate a high blood lactate appear to be important determinants of running performance in young male runners.
Unsupervised Word Clustering Using Deep Features

Digitization is crucial especially in the Indian context. OCR engines fail on Indian scripts mainly because character segmentation is non-trivial. Even word based recognition approaches suffer from the issues such as time degradations, word segmentation errors, font style/size variations. In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture based approach for unsupervised word clustering. An edge responsive untrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used as a feature extractor. Graph connected component analysis is applied on the similarity graph computed from the word features. Our approach inherently detects similar shape patterns at word level and hence, it is language agnostic. We validated our approach against multiple state of art word matching techniques. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms all of them on variety of data sets. In addition, the approach is observed to be robust to word segmentation errors, font style/size variations.
Efficacy and safety of half-dose pegfilgrastim in cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.

9110 Background: Pegfilgrastim reduces neutropenia risk in patients (pts) on cytotoxic chemotherapy. A single 6 mg dose per chemotherapy cycle commonly causes bone pain and leukocytosis. While half...
Colloidal Properties of Aqueous Poly(vinyl acetate)-Borate Dispersions with Short-Chain Glycol Ethers.

We report the influence of adding five short-chain glycol ethers (SCGEs) on the structure, stability, and viscoelastic properties of aqueous dispersions of partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) and borax. The properties of these gel-like materials have been investigated as a function of the structure of the added SCGE both below and above the critical aggregation (or micellar) concentrations using (11) B and (13) C NMR, rheology, and small-angle neutron scattering. The results indicate that the SCGE aggregation behavior is not affected by incorporation into the gel-like network. However, changes in the viscoelasticity and structural properties of the dispersions were detected that can be correlated to the nature of the solvent system. Also, the ability of these materials to clean an unvarnished acrylic paint surface coated with synthetic soil has been evaluated using colorimetery, and the surface of the dispersion after cleaning was visualized with scanning electron microscopy.
A Strategic Approach to Eliminating Sexual Orientation-Related Health Disparities.

Letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "Sexual Identity Disparities in Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in California" by Wendy B. Max, Brad Stark, Hai-Yen Sung, and Naphtali Offen which appears in a 2016 issue of the journal and addresses health disparities prevention.