cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parameter Estimation Method and Updating of Regional Prediction Equations for Ungaged Sites for the Desert Region of California

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is currently updating at-site flood frequency estimates for USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the desert region of California. The at-site flood-frequency analysis is complicated by short record lengths (less than 20 years is common) and numerous zero flows/low outliers at many sites. Estimates of the three parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skew) required for fitting the log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution are likely to be highly unreliable based on the limited and heavily censored at-site data. In a generalization of the recommendations in Bulletin 17B, a regional analysis was used to develop regional estimates of all three parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skew) of the LP3 distribution. A regional skew value of zero from a previously published report was used with a new estimated mean squared error (MSE) of 0.20. A weighted least squares (WLS) regression method was used to develop both a regional standard deviation and a mean model based on annual peak-discharge data for 33 USGS stations throughout California’s desert region. At-site standard deviation and mean values were determined by using an expected moments algorithm (EMA) method for fitting the LP3 distribution to the logarithms of annual peak-discharge data. Additionally, a multiple Grubbs-Beck (MGB) test, a generalization of the test recommended in Bulletin 17B, was used for detecting multiple potentially influential low outliers in a flood series. The WLS regression found that no basin characteristics could explain the variability of standard deviation. Consequently, a constant regional standard deviation model was selected, resulting in a log-space value of 0.91 with a MSE of 0.03 log units. Yet drainage area was found to be statistically significant at explaining the siteto-site variability in mean. The linear WLS regional mean model based on drainage area had a pseudo2 R of 51 percent and a MSE of 0.32 log units. The regional parameter estimates were then used to develop a set of equations for estimating flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities for ungaged basins. The final equations are functions of drainage area. Average standard errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 214.2 to 856.2 percent. INTRODUCTION Bulletin 17B (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982) recommends using the log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution to develop floodfrequency estimates. The basic LP3 equation for calculating at-site flood frequency 2356 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012: Crossing Boundaries © ASCE 2012
DISPOSAL OF EXCESS BREWER'S YEAST BY RECYCLING TO THE BREWHOUSE

Waste streams high in B.O.D. are produced by the brewing process itself. These wastes are wholesome but unwanted materials that were once part of or were in intimate contact with the brewing milieu. They are not inherently foreign to the process or the product, and disposal could be accomplished by recycling to the process. We have studied the effect on brewing processes and beer flavour of recycling waste yeast slurry to the mash mixer. Beer flavour is essentially unaffected by recycling, and of the brewhouse processes only lautering is slowed at higher recycle rates. Extract (up to 1% of the total) and soluble nitrogen can be recovered from the recycled yeast, but is strongly influenced by temperature during yeast storage and mashing. Worts made with recycled yeast tend to ferment more rapidly than normal worts and tend to have a lower end gravity.
Combined 6,7Li NMR and Molecular Dynamics Study of Li Diffusion in Li2TiO3

Understanding lithium diffusion properties in electrode materials is important for designing rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with improved performance. In this work, the lithium dynamics in laye...
Comparison of organ location, morphology, and rib coverage of a midsized male in the supine and seated positions.

The location and morphology of abdominal organs due to postural changes have implications in the prediction of trauma via computational models. The purpose of this study is to use data from a multimodality image set to devise a method for examining changes in organ location, morphology, and rib coverage from the supine to seated postures. Medical images of a male volunteer ( kg, 175 cm) in three modalities (Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Upright MRI) were used. Through image segmentation and registration, an analysis between organs in each posture was conducted. For the organs analyzed (liver, spleen, and kidneys), location was found to vary between postures. Increases in rib coverage from the supine to seated posture were observed for the liver, with a 9.6% increase in a lateral projection and a 4.6% increase in a frontal projection. Rib coverage area was found to increase 11.7% for the spleen. Morphological changes in the organs were also observed. The liver expanded 7.8% cranially and compressed 3.4% and 5.2% in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the spleen and kidneys. These findings indicate that the posture of the subject has implications in computational human body model development.
Organizing versus Mobilizing: Poor People's Movements after 25 Years

Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail . By Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977. 381 pages.
Smoking cessation behaviors among persons with psychiatric diagnoses: results from a population-level state survey.

Abstract Background Persons with psychiatric illnesses are disproportionally affected by tobacco use, smoking at rates at least twice that of other adults. Intentions to quit are known to be high in this population, but population-level cessation behaviors and attitudes by mental health (MH) diagnosis are not well known. Methods A population-level survey was conducted in 2008 to examine state-level tobacco attitudes and behaviors in Colorado. Respondents were eligible for the study if they had non-missing values for smoking status (n = 14,118). Weighted descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted of smoking prevalence, cessation behaviors, and attitudes toward cessation by MH status and specific diagnosis. Results Among respondents with MH diagnoses, smoking was twice as prevalent as among respondents without an MH diagnosis, adjusted for demographic characteristics (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6–3.1). Compared to smokers without an MH diagnosis, those with MH diagnoses were more likely to attempt quitting (58.7% vs. 44.4%, p Conclusions This population-level analysis found that smokers with mental illness are more likely than those without mental illness to attempt quitting and to use cessation treatment at similar rates, but those with anxiety are less likely to achieve short-term abstinence. Additional approaches are needed for smokers with mental illness in order to reach and sustain long-term abstinence from smoking.
Optical Phase Unwrapping with Laser-Diode Phase Shifting Interferometry

A Michelson type multi-wavelength phase shifting interferometer illuminated by laser diodes is used to obtain quantitative phase images. The 2π ambiguities in phase images are removed by using 3-wavelength optical phase unwrapping.
Repeated measurement of nasal lavage fluid chemokines in school-age children with asthma

Background Inflammatory processes at the mucosal surface may play a role in maintenance of asthma pathophysiology. Cross-sectional studies in asthmatic patients suggest that chemokines such as interleukin 8 (IL-8) are overproduced by respiratory epithelium. Objective To test the hypothesis that chemokine levels are persistently elevated in the respiratory secretions of asthmatic children at a stable baseline. Methods We measured nasal lavage fluid (NLF) levels of chemokines and other mediators at 3- to 4-month intervals in a longitudinal study of asthmatic children, with nonasthmatic siblings as controls. Results In a linear mixed-model analysis, both family and day of visit had significant effects on nasal mediators. Thus, data for 12 asthmatic-nonasthmatic sibling pairs who had 3 or more same-day visits were analyzed separately. For sibling pairs, median eosinophil cationic protein levels derived from serial measurements in NLF were elevated in asthmatic patients compared with nonasthmatic patients, with a near-significant tendency for elevation of total protein and eotaxin levels as well. However, no significant differences were found for IL-8 or several other chemokines. Ratios of IL-13 or IL-5 to interferon-γ released by house dust mite antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tested on a single occasion, were significantly increased for asthmatic patients. Conclusions Substantial temporal and family-related variability exists in nasal inflammation in asthmatic children. Although higher levels of eosinophil cationic protein are usually present in NLF of patients with stable asthma compared with patients without asthma, chemokines other than eotaxin are not consistently increased. Eosinophil activation at the mucosal surface is a more consistent predictor of asthmatic symptoms than nonspecific elevation of epithelium-derived inflammatory chemokine levels.
Topical minoxidil in extensive alopecia areata, including 3-year follow-up.

Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of topical minoxidil is the fact that this drug can promote hair growth in two unrelated conditions: alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia. The two conditio
A history of AIDS: Looking back to see ahead

Since breaking onto the scene 26 years ago, HIV has proven an indefatigable foe. Over 60 million people have been infected with this retrovirus, and 25 million have already died of AIDS. HIV infection is hitting the hardest in the developing world 1. Tragically, 1600 babies continue to acquire HIV every day from their infected mothers. Over 12 million children have also been orphaned by AIDS, and this number will likely double by 2010. With these sobering statistics as a backdrop, this feature traces the history of the devastating HIV/AIDS pandemic and offers a view for what the future may hold.
Non-Monotonic Reasoning with Quantified Boolean Constraints

In this paper, we define and investigate the complexity of several nonmonotonic logics with quantified Boolean formulas as constraints. We give quantified constraint versions of the constraint programming formalism of Marek, Nerode, and Remmel [15] and of the natural extension of their theory to default logic. We also introduce a new formalism which adds constraints to circumscription. We show that standard complexity results for each of these formalisms generalize in the quantified constraint case. Gogic, Kautz, Papadimitriou, and Selman [8] have introduced a new method for measuring the strengths of reasoning formalisms based on succinctness of model representation. We show a natural hierarchy based on this measure exists between our versions of logic programming, circumscription, and default logic. Finally, we discuss some results about the relative succinctness of our reasoning formalisms versus any formalism for which model checking can be done somewhere in the polynomial time hierarchy.
Assessment of alteration processes on circumstellar and interstellar grains in Queen Alexandra Range 97416

Abstract Insight into the presolar and interstellar grain inventory of the CO3 chondrite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 97416 is gained through correlated secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Only one presolar silicate grain [ O 17 / O 16 = ( 9.96 ± 0.75 ) × 10 − 4 ; O 18 / O 16 = ( 19.49 ± 0.96 ) × 10 − 4 ] that may have formed in a low-mass Red Giant or Asymptotic Giant Branch star occurs in the coarse-grained matrix of QUE 97416. No other presolar grains were identified. Although presolar grains are rare in QUE 97416, numerous ( 898 ± 259 ppm ) 15 N-rich domains ( δ N 15 ∼ + 1447 ‰ to + 3069 ‰ ) occur in the thin section. Based on TEM of an extracted section, two 15 N-rich domains are amorphous, C-bearing, and texturally uniform, and they are embedded in a ferromagnesian silicate matrix with varied grain sizes. The individual 15 N-rich organic regions with high δ N 15 ( + 2942 ± 107 ‰ and + 2341 ± 140 ‰ ) exhibit diverse carbon functional groups, such as aromatic, vinyl-keto, amidyl, and carboxylic functionality, while the nitrogen XANES reveals traces of nitrile functionality. QUE 97416 appears to have escaped aqueous alteration based on the absence of hydrated minerals but is thermally altered, which could have resulted in the destruction of presolar grains. However, this process at >400 °C metamorphic temperatures was inefficient in destroying the carriers of N isotope anomalies, which may indicate the resistant nature of the organic carriers and/or the limited extent of thermal metamorphism on the QUE 97416 parent body.
URINARY EXCRETION OF LUMIRUBIN DURING PHOTOTHERAPY

Lumirubin (LR) is a stable photoproduct of bilirubin (BR), formed by an essentially irreversible intramolecular cyclization reaction. Unlike other BR photoisomers, LR is detected in both urine and bile in infants under phototherapy (PT). Clinical studies have suggested that the production and excretion of LR may contribute to the reduction of serum BR levels produced by PT. We therefore sought to determine the urinary LR excretion. We measured urinary LR clearance (clr) rate in 9 preterm infants under PT studied at a mean age of 4 days (range 1-6). Mean birthweight was 1.8 kg (range .7-2.9); mean gestational age (GA) was 32 wks (range 25-37). Urine and a serum sample obtained during the 24 hour collection period were analyzed for BR photoproducts by HPLC. Creatinine (Cr) clr was measured on the sample. Mean LR clr was .16±.19 ml/min (mean±S.D.) which is equivalent to 8±4% of Cr clr (2.6±3.2 ml/min). LR clr increased with GA in parallel with Cr clr. The amount of LR excreted per 24 hours was 1.4±1.5 mg (range .9-4). Daily BR production far exceeds the amount of LR excreted in the urine of preterm infants, so this cannot account for the efficacy of PT. However, were the clearance rate of LR to be increased to that of Cr through pharmacologic means (i.e. by blocking tubular reabsorption), urinary clearance of LR could become quantitatively important. As the urinary excretion of LR does not account for the decrease in serum BR with PT, the bile is presumably the major site of excretion of BR photoproducts.
Multimedia links and metadata channels for distributed shared browsing and authoring

We present methods and systems for authoring by linking---generating multimedia documents by creating richly typed links between component media assets. As an example we describe our Sticky Video functionality in the MEERCAT system for linking photo and video media. We do so within the framework of a hierarchy of possible link-based authoring systems from manual to programmatic link creation and document authoring. We discuss mechanisms for accurately situating links between rich media components and flexibly typing those links to allow both better human information browsing and searching and automatic authoring. We describe issues in realtime distributed authoring and the use of metadata channels. In particular we present the concept of authoring by meeting, the automatic creation of multimedia documents from business meetings.
Amino acid signaling to TOR activation: Vam6 functioning as a Gtr1 GEF.

In this issue of Molecular Cell , Binda et al. identify Vam6/Vps39 as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gtr1, a Rag family GTPase, to promote TORC1 activation in response to amino acids.
Faces of the Future: School Counselors as Cultural Mediators

Twenty years ago, futurists examined the changing role of the school counselor and forecasted what the 21st-century school counselor would need to know. This article forecasts the future of school counseling in the next 20 years by focusing on expected diversity of K-12 students. Speculation on student enrollment based on projected trends and extrapolated data is used to describe the professional knowledge, awareness, and skills school counselors will need to touch the lives of the students of the future.
Evaluation of Solder Bonds in a Silicon Flip Chip Device

Recently we adapted two nondestructive testing techniques for the evaluation of electrical connections between a silicon device wafer and an inverted silicon interconnect chip. We used a focused acoustic microscope to check the mechanical quality of the connections, and a photothermal probe to measure their electrical conductivity. With the combination of these two techniques, we can differentiate between good bonds, partial disbonds, and complete open circuits. We can also determine the type of disbond.
Novel therapies for peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Purpose of review To review new agents under investigation for the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Recent findings New agents being evaluated in these patients include histone deacetylase inhibitors (e.g. romidepsin, vorinostat, and balinostat), purine analogs and agents that interfere with the purine metabolic pathway (e.g. forodesine), immunomodulatory agents, proapoptotic small molecules (e.g. oblimersen, obatoclax, and gossypol), antifols (e.g. pralatrexate), proteasome inhibitors (e.g. bortezomib), monoclonal antibodies against T-cell antigens (e.g. CD30 and CD52), and immunotoxins (e.g. denileukin diftitox). Summary The development of rational combinations of such agents in clinical trials will be required to improve the outcome of these patients.
Offering social support via the Internet: a case study of an online support group for social workers

SUMMARY Human service professionals have begun to explore the Internet's potential as a therapeutic medium for individuals, families and groups, but we still know very little about the ways that Internet-mediated communication affects interventions. This paper uses examples from a recent study of a short-term, listserv-based support group that helps social workers cope with job stress to discuss issues related to the use of online support groups.
RUMINATIVE RESPONSE STYLES AND DELAY OF SEEKING DIAGNOSIS FOR BREAST CANCER SYMPTOMS

Abstract Women with a ruminative style—a tendency to focus repetitively on the meaning, causes, and consequences of their distress—were hypothesized to delay seeking a diagnosis from a healthcare professional for a potentially dangerous breast symptom relative to women without a ruminative style. In Study 1, 147 female “ruminators” and “non–ruminators” read a vignette in which they imagined they had just discovered a change in their breast, completed measures of affect, and reported their intentions to seek care for this breast symptom. Ruminators were significantly less likely to intend to call the doctor immediately after finding an imaginary breast lump than were non–ruminators. In Study 2, 70 women breast cancer survivors recalled the dates related to their symptom finding and their affective responses to symptom finding. Ruminators delayed the presentation of their breast cancer symptoms to a healthcare professional 39 days longer than did non–ruminators. Furthermore, in both studies, the effects of ...
Ecological Interface for Assessing Cardiac Disease

Using the ecological interface design approach, a graphical user interface was developed to show how different factors (e.g., LDL, HDL, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure) contribute to cardiac health. The display is based on an epidemiological model derived from the Framingham study and additional treatment guidelines in the medical literature. This interactive display allows physicians and patients to see how different factors contribute to overall cardiac health and to see the impact of interventions on reducing risk. The display also graphically associates the state of the patient with treatment categories to help physicians to select the best treatment method based on empirical models. It also has the potential to enrich the dialogue between physician and patient through interactive 'experiments' that illustrate the potential benefits of various treatment options.
Medial and intimal calcification in chronic kidney disease: stressing the contributions.

Cardiovascular calcification is a prominent feature of chronic inflammatory disorders that associate with significant morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a multifactorial disorder. CKD often results from hypertension and diabetes, and patients with CKD are among the highest-risk groups for cardiovascular events. Notably, CKD accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Our group and others have demonstrated that CKD causes excessive vascular inflammation and calcification. 1 CKD is characterized
Do learning disability services need epilepsy specialist nurses

Epilepsy is known to cause higher rates of morbidity and mortality than in the general population. It is estimated that one third of people with a learning disability also have epilepsy, and that their epilepsy is generally more difficult to control. Given these two statements and with the trend to place the majority of people with learning disabilities in small community homes rather than large medical institutions, it follows that there is a need for up-to-date information and education for individuals and carers in a variety of settings to ensure best care and quality of life is achieved. Is there a need for specialist epilepsy nurses to work in this field?
A New Algorithm for Tree Modification in the Primal Transportation Problem

Primal methods for the transportation problem of linear programming require substantial bookkeeping to deal with constant updating of a tree describing the shipments in the current feasible solution. This paper suggests a new means of bookkeeping which is useful for long narrow problems. The method builds on previous work by the same author which reduces the number of records to be updated. The new methods reduce the number of items which have to be maintained for a replication of the tree and simplify some steps in updating the remaining items.
Methodology for analyzing the compromise of a deployed tactical network

As the Department of Defense transitions to a ubiquitous computing environment, our military operations become increasingly vulnerable to compromise via cyber attacks at echelons as low as the Brigade Combat Team (BCT). There is a need to design a system to facilitate the analysis of a nation state's ability to compromise the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of a deployed tactical network. Research demonstrated that, on these networks, compromises due to security protocols violated by humans are much more common than compromises due to technological vulnerabilities. Therefore, this analysis focuses on developing a simulation modeling approach to analyze the effectiveness of security protocols “within the fortress” and to track the damage done by various forms of cyber attacks that have successfully breached the network perimeter. Our network model uses agent-based simulation in order to model the flow of information at the packet level with dictated behavior specific to the agents modeled: individual network packets, computer systems, routers, servers, and files. The advantage to using an agent-based, rather than a discrete-event, simulation model in this situation is that agent-based models focus on the relationship between entities from the bottom-up, such as at the network packet level, rather than the entire system from the top-down. The developed simulation model allows us to simulate various network attacks, observe their interaction with network security protocols, assess the resulting damage in terms of the network's availability, and quantify the damage in terms of sensitive information lost.
Numerical and experimental study of the heat transfer process in friction stir welding

AbstractA mathematical model to describe the detailed three-dimensional transient heat transfer process in friction stir welding (FSW) is presented. This work is both theoretical and experimental. An explicit central differential scheme is used in solving the control equations, the heat transfer phenomena during the tool penetrating, the welding and the tool-removing periods that are studied dynamically. The heat input from the tool shoulder is modelled as a frictional heat and the heat from the tool pin is modelled as a uniform volumetric heat generated by the plastic deformation near the pin. The temperature variation during the welding is also measured to validate the calculated results. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Inhalation of 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid by normal and sulfur dioxide‐exposed rats

Abstract: Exposure to 125 I-labeled 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid resulted in deposition of the material in the lungs of rats. The initial uptake was 20.85% followed by removal at an exponential rate. The residency half-life in the lungs was 17.7 min. Exposure of animals to sulfur dioxide for 4 consecutive days, 4 hr/day, prior to inhalation of the labeled compound did not provide statistically significant differences in the parameters studied.
Photonic Circuits for Generating Modal, Spectral, and Polarization Entanglement

We consider the design of photonic circuits that make use of Ti:LiNbO3 diffused channel waveguides to generate photons with various combinations of modal, spectral, and polarization entanglement. Down-converted photon pairs are generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a two-mode waveguide (TMW). We study a class of photonic circuits comprising: 1) a nonlinear periodically poled TMW structure; 2) a set of single-mode waveguide (SMW)- and TMW-based couplers arranged in such a way that they suitably separate the three photons comprising the SPDC process; and, for some applications, 3) a holographic Bragg grating that acts as a dichroic reflector. The first circuit produces two frequency-degenerate down-converted photons, each with even spatial parity, in two separate SMWs. Changing the parameters of the elements allows this same circuit to produce two nondegenerate down-converted photons that are entangled in frequency or simultaneously entangled in frequency and polarization. The second photonic circuit is designed to produce modal entanglement by distinguishing the photons on the basis of their frequencies. A modified version of this circuit can be used to generate photons that are doubly entangled in mode number and polarization. The third photonic circuit is designed to manage dispersion by converting modal, spectral, and polarization entanglement into path entanglement.
Induced particle precipitation

Preliminary results were recently reported from the Navy's Stimulated Emission of Energetic Particles (SEEP) satellite regarding detection of stimulated magnetospheric electron precipitation from ground based Navy VLF transmitters (Eos, January 18, 1983). The results, first released at the AGU Fall Meeting, were obtained on passes during mid-August 1982, using coded transmitter pulses with a duty cycle of 3 s ‘on,’ 2 s ‘off.’ We note here that a similar experiment was conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) using low-cost, recoverable rocket payloads from Wallops Island, Virginia, during late June and early July 1982. These flights also used the Navy VLF transmitter (NSS) at Annapolis, Maryland, with the same coding as that used for the later SEEP experiment. Participants in the NASA experiment included scientists from Goddard Space Flight Center, Denver University, and Cornell University. The results of this experiment, also reported at the AGU Fall Meeting, show evidence for pulsed electron precipitation patterns with the same period as the transmitted VLF pulses. These results were accomplished by sensing the bremsstrahlung X rays produced when the electrons reenter the atmosphere. A zenith-viewing, wide angle X ray detector was stabilized with a slow descent aboard a parachutehung payload; this permitted a statistical build-up of the X ray signals over thirty 5-s cycles, a benefit not afforded by a fast moving satellite. Cross correlation analyses of the X ray data with the transmitted signal clearly demonstrated the existence of this effect at a detectable level under nighttime conditions. The SEEP results, which measured the precipitating electrons in situ, are consistent with these earlier NASA findings.
An online daily diary study of alcohol use using Amazon's Mechanical Turk.

Introduction and Aims. In recent years, unprecedented levels of Internet access and the widespread growth of emergent communication technologies have resulted in significantly greater population access for substance use researchers. Despite the research potential of such technologies,the use of the Internet to recruit individuals for participation in event-level research has been limited.The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief account of the methods and results from an online daily diary study of alcohol use. Design and Methods. Participants were recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Eligible participants completed a brief screener assessing demographics and health behaviours,with a subset of individuals subsequently recruited to participate i na2w eekdaily diary study of alcohol use. Results.Multilevel models of the daily alcohol data derived from the Mechanical Turk sample (n = 369) replicated several findings commonly reported in daily diary studies of alcohol use. Discussion and Conclusions. Results demonstrate that online participant recruitment and survey administration can be a fruitful method for conducting daily diary alcohol research. [Boynton MH, Richman LS. An online daily diary study of alcohol use using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014]
The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Performance of REITs

The authors examine the relationship between the “external” governance index (G-Index) developed in a 2003 study Gompers et al. and performance of REITs in 2004 and 2006. The G-Index is a sum of takeover barriers instituted by individual REITs, and antitakeover provisions in the state of a firm9s incorporation. For the sample of REITs studies, the G-Index ranges from 3 to 13, with an average of 8. When compared to firms in general, shareholder rights in REITs are stronger than unregulated firms. The analysis shows, as expected, a significantly negative impact of G-Index on REIT performance for 2004. However, the effect is diminished in 2006. The authors contend that this is due to the G-Index of REITs increasing between 2004 and 2006, creating clustering around the mean value in 2006. This would render the G-Index less important when comparing performance across firms. In view of the fact that hostile takeovers are rare among REITs, the low G-Index and the irrelevance of G-Index in more recent times suggests that external governance is ineffective for REITs. Thus, more attention should be paid to the efficacy to internal governance mechanisms.
Robust Statistical Inference for High-Dimensional Data Models with Application to Genomics

In high-dimension (K) low sample size (n) environments, often nonlinear, inequality, order or general shape constraints crop up in complex ways, and as a result, likelihood based optimal statistical inference proce- dures may not exist, at least, may not be in manageable form. While some of these inference problems can be treated in asymptotic setups, the curse of dimensionality (i.e., K >> n with often n small) calls for a different type of asymptotics (in K) with different perspectives. Roy's union-intersection principle provides some alternative approaches, generally more amenable for K >> n environments. This scenario is appraised with two important sta- tistical problems in genomic studies: a large number of (possibly dependent) genes with heterogeneity amidst a smaller sample create impasses for stan- dard robust inference. These perspectives are examined here in a nonstandard statistical analysis.
Dynamic Asset Allocation of Hedge Funds

This paper describes how macroeconomic factors are used to aid in the decision-making process of allocating capital to hedge fund managers (applicable to traditional managers as well). A comparison is made between traditional portfolio construction methods and the Dynamic Asset Allocation methodology used in this paper to determine how each portfolio would have performed during the drawdown period in the 4th quarter of 2008. Our proprietary tools use the patented technology in DynaPorte to combine both macroeconomic factors with market risk factors to determine not only what factors influence returns at a given time, but also what may be influencing a manager's behavior during varying macroeconomic periods.
Gastric mucosal polyps.

Most gastric epithelial polyps are best considered under the generic term of “mucosal polyps” because they contain the same basic histologic components whether or not atypical epithelial hyperplasia is present. A new classification of gastric mucosal polyps is proposed: (1) those without atypical hyperplasia; (2) those with atypical hyperplasia, including carcinomatous changes; and (3) a group not previously described, the antral-foveolar polyps. Polyps without atypia contain neutral epithelial mucosubstances with little acid or sulfated mucins. Increasing cytologic atypia is associated with histochemical and cytologic intestinal metaplasia, the former evidenced by the appearance of acidic and, sulfated mucins, and the latter by goblet and Paneth cells. In five of 44 patients (11%), the polyps contained histologic carcinomas, several of which invaded the stroma but did not metastasize. In addition, nine of 23 patients (39%) with gastric polyps developed cancers both in the stomach anci elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric mucosal polyps may be added to the list of harbingers of malignancy.
Influence of Methoprene, Low Temperature, and Starvation on the Incidence of Diapause in the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)

Short-day (SD) photoperiods are the primary stimuli for diapause induction in the codling moth. Larvae held through the penultimate stadium under long-day (LD), 25°C conditions are committed to pupate; however, starvation, methoprene treatment, or exposure to cooler temperatures, concurrent with transfer to SD photoperiods during the final instar, cause the population to reprogram and enter diapause. Reprogramming depends upon an extension of the last stadium, a delayed gain of the maximal larval weight, and exposure to approximately 25 SD photoperiods. Exposure to high temperature (30°C) nullifies the diapause-inducing effect of SD photoperiods. Rapid larval development does not allow exposure to enough SD photoperiods to program for diapause. Low temperatures alone do not override LD photoperiods, but some last instars treated with methoprene and transferred to 15°C entered a 6-month diapause regardless of photoperiod.
Sedentary Behavior Research Priorities—NHLBI/NIA Sedentary Behavior Workshop Summary

Over the course of 2013, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) collaborated with a multi-national group of expert scientists to convene, host and facilitate a four-part virtual webinar workshop on sedentary behavior. Participants met to evaluate and discuss the current epidemiological, clinical and other relevant literature on sedentary behavior and to identify research priorities relative to preventing cardiovascular disease and mitigating aging-related disability and functional outcomes. The workshop was predicated on findings of insufficient levels of population adherence to current physical activity recommendations (1,12) and the need to address the NHLBI and NIA research portfolio gaps in the area of sedentary behavior.
Effect of TMP variables upon structure and properties in ODS alloy HDA 8077 sheet

The effects of oxide content level and variations in thermomechanical processing upon the final structure and properties of HDA 8077 sheet have been systematically examined. It was found that creep strength and formability are substantially influenced by both oxide content and TMP schedule. Variations in creep properties obtained appear to correlate with observed microstructures.
Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure and reproductive hormones in North American men

Background Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant chemicals that are persistent organic pollutants. Animal experiments and some human studies indicate that PBDEs may adversely affect male reproductive function.
Phenyl Isothiocyanate Performance on Purple Nutsedge under Virtually Impermeable Film Mulch

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a troublesome weed in vegetable crops in the southern United States. Methyl bromide is widely used for effective purple nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. With the impending ban on methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) concentration and exposure period on purple nutsedge tuber viability and to compare the retention of phenyl ITC in soil under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulches. Additionally, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phenyl ITC under VIF mulch against purple nutsedge. A phenyl ITC concentration of 676 ppm in soil for 3 days in a sealed environment reduced purple nutsedge tuber viability by 97% compared with a nontreated control. Phenyl ITC retention was higher in soil covered with VIF mulch than with LDPE mulch. The predicted half-life of phenyl ITC under LDPE and VIF mulch was 6.1 and 8.9 days, respectively. In field experiments, phenyl ITC at 1500 kg ha under VIF mulch suppressed purple nutsedge shoots and reduced viable tuber density ‡72%, but control was not as effective as methyl bromide at 390 kg ha (67% methyl bromide:33% chloropicrin). Therefore, phenyl ITC up to 1500 kg ha under a VIF mulch is not a viable alternative to methyl bromide for effective purple nutsedge control.
Research Progress in Special Components of Natto

Natto contains various kinds of numerous nutrients originating from both soybeans as well as from intact cells and metabolites of Bacillus subtilis and many of these have biological activity.This paper summarized the recent research progress in its bioactive substances to evaluate the health care effects of natto objectively.
Cinefluorographic studies of the bladder and urethra in women. II. Stress incontinence.

Abstract Cinefluorography has been adapted to the study of the bladder and urethra in women. From 500 to 2,000 frames can be made for each patient. Projection of these motion pictures provides a new technique for the study of normal and abnormal urination. Further study will be necessary before the method can be applied clinically.
Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in Shenzhen in 2006

诺如病毒是世界范围内引起急性胃肠炎的主要病原体,1990年首次证实我国也存在该病毒引起的感染[1],此后北京、长春、河北、兰州、广州、福州等地均发现存在诺如病毒感染,表明我国急性胃肠炎病例诺如病毒感染亦相当普遍.本研究对2006年深圳地区急性胃肠炎中诺如病毒进行分子生物学研究。
Boron Stress and Plant Carbon and Nitrogen Relations

Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient, but our understanding of the effects of B stress (deficiency and toxicity) remains incomplete. Here we summarize and analyze the current literature related to B stress and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) relations. We conclude that photosynthesis is an early sensitive target for B stress, with many aspects of both light and CO2-fixation reactions negatively affected, and this decreases C skeletons and energy for other functions. B stress may also decrease normal aerobic respiration and increase fermentation and the pentose phosphate pathway. Levels of nonstructural carbohydrates are altered by B stress, likely via shifts in fluxes among metabolic pathways. B stress also impacts many aspects of N relations, including changing levels of N uptake proteins, decreasing N uptake rates, and affecting levels or activities of N assimilation enzymes, which then change amino-acid composition and %N. B stress also may impact the long-distance transport of C and N between shoots and roots. The negative effects of B stress on C and N relations are likely interrelated. Because effects of B deficiency and toxicity on C and N relations are often similar (especially for C), multifaceted, and associated with both soluble and membrane components, it is likely that B-stress effects are caused by imbalances in the interaction of B with multiple molecules (especially those with cis-hydroxyl groups).
Digital Badges and Micro-credentials: Historical Overview, Motivational Aspects, Issues, and Challenges

The use of symbols in ancient times to reflect different meanings has evolved into modern day usage of digital badges and micro-credentials to indicate achievements, knowledge, skills, and competencies. This article explores the historical overview, motivational aspects, issues, and challenges of digital badges and micro-credentials to provide insight and clarity into the various uses and functions in the modern world. The historical perspective of symbols will be presented, and the historical use of both traditional and digital badges will be defined. In addition, this essay provides current research and literature that focuses on the theoretical foundations and human theories that support badging as well as empirical evidence of digital badge utilization. The discussion will explore fields where traditional badging is prevalent and digital badging has limited use such as industry, business, sports, education, entertainment, and peer group programs. Finally, this essay explores the changes due to technology infusion and the theory of disruptive innovation due to the explosion of technology within the last 50 years, current digital badging, and the future of digital badging.
A PROCEDURE FOR PROCESSING SMOKED CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS)

A study was made to determine the most acceptable procedure to prepare smoked channel catfish Effects of storage time before brining, fish weight, brining times and formulae, smoking times and temperatures, and storage time after processing on final product quality were evaluated. Use of freshly dressed catfish yielded a smoked product indistinguishable from that prepared from frozen catfish. Catfish averaging 10.5 oz (dressed) and brined for 24 hr at 40 F in a mixture prepared by dissolving 9 lb sugar (sucrose), 9 lb sodium chloride, 0.23 oz potassium nitrate, and 0.23 oz sodium nitrite in 72 lb water were highly acceptable. A gradual increase of internal flesh temperature from 90 to 140 F over a .22-hr smoking period, followed by an increase to 180 F over 4 hr with an additional 30 min at 180 F was judged as optimal for producing smoked catfish. Sensory panel evaluations on the finished product showed that smoked catfish were equally acceptable when compared with smoked haddock and chubs.
Resilience by Teaming: Sourcing Network Design and Flow Management Protocols

Every SN agent a in \(A^{K} \cup A^{O}\) needs to receive input flow from a set of predecessors P a in order to operate and provide output to its successors. Such agents face a medium-term strategic decision, i.e., which agents to select as P a , and a short-term operational decision, i.e., which agents in P a to source from at time t. These distributed strategic decisions of agents a ∈ A shape the dynamic topology of the supply network, and give rise to its structural resilience, as well as determine, at least in part, the ability of each SN agent to cope with sourcing disruptions. This chapter presents the theoretical aspects of two sourcing protocols inspired in the Fault-tolerance by Teaming principle, FTT, of Collaborative Control Theory (Nof 2007), CCT, to select a team of predecessors P a and to adaptively manage flow from these agents. The Sourcing Team Formation/Re-configuration Protocol (STF/RP) and Sourcing Flow Control Protocol (SFCP) leverage inherent randomness in individual agents in P a to provide a more stable and resilient input to agent a.
Mis)perceptions of Inequality

We are grateful to the Foundations of Human Behavior Initiative at Harvard University for financial support.
Compound heterozygous mutations with novel missense ABCA12 mutation in harlequin ichthyosis

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the most severe form of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, presenting at birth with distinctive facial features and thick, plate-like scales over the entire body. The abnormal skin barrier predisposes the patient to multiple complications, including dehydration and sepsis. Mortality rates of babies with HI have been greatly reduced since the introduction of systemic retinoid therapy. Mutations in ABCA12 have been found to lead to HI. Most of these mutations are truncation or deletion mutations in the conserved region of the protein, leading to severe loss of ABCA12 function. We report a case of HI caused by a compound heterozygous mutation (a known single nucleotide deletion and a novel single nucleotide substitution) in the ABCA12 gene.
Feasibility analysis of grid tied PV system based on net-metering incentive for a developing country: A case study of Pakistan

This paper investigates the techno-economic viability of grid tied PV system that can be massively deployed in the residential areas of a developing country. Pakistan has been chosen as the area of study for this research. Furthermore, it takes net — metering incentive into account to propose a technologically viable and cost effective grid tied photovoltaic (PV) setup to mitigate the energy crisis prevalent over Pakistan. A detailed market research has been carried out for appropriate technology selection and optimal design of the PV system. Cost and payback analysis for the proposed system has been carried out to find the economic feasibility of the system. The results of the analysis showed that the proposed system can recover its cost with the net-metering incentive within 12 years and the consumer can benefit from the free electricity produced by the system for the remaining of its life time i.e. 13 years.
Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Du Pont HERPCHEKTM HSV Elisa, a New Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Direct Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus

A new 4h rapid enzyme — immunoassay for direct detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen (Du Pont HERPCHEKTM) was evaluated with 743 clinical samples collected at obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and ophthalmology clinics. The sensitivity and specificity of HERPCHEKTM was 98.0% and 98.4% respectively compared to virus isolation in cell culture. Confirmatory blocking ELISA tests, clinical history and follow up indicate that the true specificity of the test is 100%.
Name Norms: A Guide to Casting Your Next Experiment:

Psychologists often test hypotheses by constructing vignettes depicting people engaging in behavior and displaying characteristics designed to operationalize specific variables. People described in these vignettes are typically given names, but names have a variety of connotations that could lead to unwanted variance between conditions of an experiment and in other ways have implications for the results of a study. An up-to-date source of information to help guide the selection of names would be useful for researchers. Participants from four different regions of the United States rated a large sample of names in terms of perceived age, warmth, and competence. The full set of names is presented, along with some simple demonstration studies concretely illustrating the implications of name choice.