cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LEUKOCYTE-DERIVED MYELOPEROXIDASE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL NITRIC OXIDE AND NITRITE OXIDASE: FUNCTIONS BEYOND HOST DEFENSE

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) have independently emerged as key mediators of both host defense and oxidative tissue injury in animals. As NO production and peroxidase activities are in many cases temporally and spatially colocalized during inflammatory events, it has been proposed that these two distinct biochemical pathways converge and operate in a cooperative manner to produce reactive nitrogen intermediates capable of modifying biological molecules and alter the the physiological responses of NO. Through the use of chemical, enzymatic, cellular and physiological models it has become clear that both NO and nitrite (NO2-), a major end-product of NO metabolism, are direct physiological substrates of heme peroxidases. First, NO2- reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced from the catalytic action of myeloperoxidase to form the intermediate species nitryl chloride (NO2C1) which is capable of nitrating, chlorinating and oxidizing phenolic substrates such as the amino acid tyrosine. Second, NO2- is directly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-activated peroxidases (ie. myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase) to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The concerted formation of tyrosyl radicals (Tyr) and NO2 by MPO using H2O2, tyrosine and NO2- as substrates yields the modified amino acid 3-nitrotyrosine, a pathway that has led us to propose a novel function of peroxidases as “nitrotyrosine synthetases.” Activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils, PMN) are capable of converting physiological concentrations of NO2- into NO2C1 and NO2 through myeloperoxidase-dependent pathways. These species can subsequently impact deleteriously on host cells underscoring the relevance of these reactions in inflammatory processes. Moreover, nitration of critical tyrosine residues through these reactions can compromise the function of enzymes thus leading to cellular dysfunction and tissue injury. Additionally, MPO utilizes NO as a physiolgoical substrate (an 4NO oxidase), which can can modulate “NO signaling during inflammation. Collectively, these observations provide a unifying concept of cooperativity between the peroxidase and “NO pathways, and reveal a physiological mechanism underlying nitrotyrosine formation and the apparent loss of NO bioactivity/bioavailability observed in diseased and inflamed tissues.
CRAMS An automatic chemical reaction analysis and modeling system

2. Overall Design of the CRAMS System 2.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.2. I n p u t to the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.3. I m p l e m e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.4. I l lus t ra t ion of New Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
InspectorGadget: Inferring Network Protocol Configuration for Web Services.

Over the last decade, in an attempt to improve the end-user experience, the community has proposed a multitude of changes to the configuration parameters of the networking protocol stack of modern web servers. These changes range from improving security (e.g., TLS 1.2) to improving performance (e.g., HTTP/2). While the performance implications of several of these configuration parameters have been studied in isolation. To date, there is no holistic and general tool to infer, analyze, and under-stand the actual configuration parameters employed by popular web services. Moreover, it is unclear how these parameters are tuned to account for differences in network conditions, devices characteristics, or web page complexity. Although little is known, the configuration of these parameters impact attempts to model and understand performance expectations across the internet. To this end, we present InspectorGadget, a framework for characterizing and fingerprinting the configuration parameters of a server's network stack. InspectorGadget leverages some domain-specific heuristics for reverse engineering configuration parameters and options (protocol versions). To demonstrate the efficacy of InspectorGadget, we implemented a prototype of InspectorGadget and used this prototype to survey the configuration parameters for the top 10K online content providers across different regions and end-user devices.
The Quest for Accountability: The Resolution 1373 Process at the United Nations Security Council

This chapter focuses on a critical examination of the process unleashed by the adoption of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1373 on the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The 1373 process has raised questions about the authority and legitimacy of the UNSC and the extent to which it is bound by human rights norms and standards. Drawing on theoretical insights from international relations and international law and employing content analysis and process tracing, this study assesses member states’ country reports submitted under the 1373 process and explores the factors that have constrained the “humanization” of the UNSC’s counterterrorist discourse. While some progress has been achieved since the initial stages of the “global campaign against terrorism,” serious accountability challenges persist, and the chapter concludes by identifying some of these challenges and offers suggestions on how to address them.
A Qualitative Analysis of Requests for Financial Help via GoFundMe by Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

AbstractResearch suggests that a lack of financial resources contributes to victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) both remaining in and returning to abusive intimate relationships. Requesting ...
Detection of people from time-of-flight depth images using a cell-tracking methodology.

This paper describes a method of detection and tracking of people using depth images captured by a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera, such as those obtained with a Microsoft Kinect V2. Key advantages of this approach are that the identity of people is not disclosed, and the system can operate in low-light conditions. The automated approach developed here is inspired by cell-tracking methods as implemented in the well-known biomedical imaging software called CellProfiler. Our approach involves significant preprocessing of the depth images by a combination of adaptive center weighted median filtering and iterative inpainting. The next step is detection of each person’s head using depth local minima information. The classification of each person is typically possible using evidence of shoulder depth information assisted by Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) based matched filtering. After some additional processing and blob analysis, further quantification and monitoring of people is done using a multi-object tracking system based on Kalman filtering. The main applications are in the general area of collection of statistical information in smart building entrances/exits for security and commercial use.
EARLY ACCOUNTING IN NORTHERN ITALY: THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRINTING PRESS IN THE EXPANSION OF DOUBLE-ENTRY FROM GENOA, FLORENCE AND VENICE

This paper offers an explanation of why double-entry bookkeeping developed in the city-states of Northern Italy in the years 1200–1350, and then how it then spread from there to the rest of Europe. Increased economic activity initiated soon after the start of the Crusades, but then growing into an explosion of Italian trade by 1350, provided Genoa, Florence, and Venice with enormous trading opportunities. This expansion of trade created, in turn, the need for a much improved accounting technique. The spread of double entry was greatly abetted by the advent of cheap business arithmetics and grammars made possible by the invention of the moveable type printing. Venice was especially advanced in her printing industry during the years after 1500. Thus, it was that the double entry system was created in Northern Italy between 1200–1350 primarily due to the development of the regional economy, and from there spread to the rest of Europe helped immeasurably by access to cheaply printed books.
Behavior of Fr\'echet mean and Central Limit Theorems on spheres

We compute higher derivatives of the Frechet function on spheres with an absolutely continuous and rotationally symmetric probability distribution. Consequences include (i)~a practical condition to test if the mode of the symmetric distribution is a local Frechet mean; (ii)~a Central Limit Theorem on spheres with practical assumptions and an explicit limiting distribution; and (iii)~an answer to the question of whether the smeary effect can occur on spheres with absolutely continuous and rotationally symmetric distributions: with the method presented here, it can in dimension at least~$4$.
Young Adult Human Papillomavirus and Influenza Vaccine Coverage: A Comparison Across College Enrollment Status

To determine human papillomavirus and influenza vaccine coverage among young adults in the US and assess differences in vaccine uptake by college enrollment status, we conducted an online survey of young adults aged 18–26 (n = 417) using Survey Monkey, with recruitment occurring through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. We collected data on self-reported preventive health behaviors, including vaccine receipt, current college enrollment status, and other demographics. Overall, 49% of participants reported receiving at least one dose of human papillomavirus vaccine and 57% reported receiving at least one influenza vaccine over the past three years. Vaccine coverage estimates did not differ between college-enrolled and non-enrolled respondents. Low vaccine coverage rates demonstrate the need to improve vaccine strategies for young adults. The strongest predictor of vaccine receipt was having received a provider recommendation. There does not appear to be healthcare utilization differences related to ability to access care through student health or community-based settings. Additional research is needed to develop interventions to improve vaccination coverage among young adults, both currently enrolled and not enrolled in college.
The Effect of Cutting Edge Geometry, Nose Radius and Feed on Surface Integrity in Finish Turning of Ti-6Al4V

Abstract While the respective effects of nose radius, feed and cutting edge geometry on surface integrity have each been studied at depth, coupling between these effects is not yet sufficiently understood. Recent studies have clearly established that cutting edge micro-geometries may not only have positive effects on tool-life, but can also be used to tailor surface integrity characteristics, such as surface roughness and near-surface severe plastic deformation. To further a more fundamental understanding of the effects of cutting edge micro-geometries on surface integrity, experimental turning data was generated for a varied range of cutting tool geometries and feeds. Scanning laser interferometry was used in conjunction with a recently developed profile-analysis algorithm to analyze, characterize, and verify the geometry of complex cutting edge micro-geometries. Near surface nanostructure, and surface roughness of the produced surfaces were characterized and correlated to the varied tool geometries. An interaction between two geometry characteristics, predicted kinematic roughness and hone size, was discovered. Scanning laser interferometry analysis of the surfaces revealed that large hones provided either an increase or decrease in roughness, depending on predicted kinematic roughness.
Present status of the functional advanced micro-, nano-printings – a mini review

Abstract Additive printing technology and expertise have experienced noteworthy development driven by their ability to revolutionize academic and industrial manufacturing and research. They also have particular practical uses in the areas of micro and nanofabrication. Micro- and nano-printings have found a tremendous number of applications in material synthesis/patterning, electronics, medicine and biotechnology. In this mini review, we examine the important additive micro and nano printing techniques, including contact and noncontact, and roll to roll (R2R) printing methods as well as recently emerging techniques such as micro- or nano-pen printings, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) and aerosol jet printing (APJ). We also discuss the materials that are printable by these technologies, the applications of micro- and nano-printings, key features, advantages and challenges.
Surrogates and Artificial Intelligence: Why AI Trumps Family.

The increasing accuracy of algorithms to predict values and preferences raises the possibility that artificial intelligence technology will be able to serve as a surrogate decision-maker for incapacitated patients. Following Camillo Lamanna and Lauren Byrne, we call this technology the autonomy algorithm (AA). Such an algorithm would mine medical research, health records, and social media data to predict patient treatment preferences. The possibility of developing the AA raises the ethical question of whether the AA or a relative ought to serve as surrogate decision-maker in cases where the patient has not issued a medical power of attorney. We argue that in such cases, and against the standard practice of vesting familial surrogates with decision making authority, the AA should have sole decision-making authority. This is because the AA will likely be better at predicting what treatment option the patient would have chosen. It would also be better at avoiding bias and, therefore, choosing in a more patient-centered manner. Furthermore, we argue that these considerations override any moral weight of the patient’s special relationship with their relatives.
Childhood Malnutrition: Time for Action

Childhood malnutrition of every form, including undernutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight), micronutrient deficiencies, as well as overweight and obesity, consists a triple burden of disease, especially for low- and middle-income countries, and is one of the leading causes of poor health and a major impediment to personal development and achievement of full human potential worldwide [1]. Globally in 2019, 149 million children under the age of 5 years were stunted, almost 50 million wasted, 340 million suffered from micronutrient
Mechanisms and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV.

Purpose of review To highlight mechanisms of elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH), discuss therapeutic strategies, and opportunities for primary prevention. Recent findings HIV-associated ASCVD risk is likely multifactorial and due to HIV-specific factors and traditional risk factors even in the setting of treated and suppressed HIV disease. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation and immune activation are key drivers of atherogenesis, therapies designed to lower inflammation including colchicine and low-dose methotrexate have not improved secondary cardiovascular endpoints among PLWH. Statins continue to be the mainstay of management of hyperlipidemia in HIV, but the impact of newer lipid therapies including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors on ASCVD risk among PLWH is under investigation. Aside from the factors mentioned above, healthcare disparities are particularly prominent among PLWH and thus likely contribute to increased ASCVD risk. Summary Our understanding of mechanisms of elevated ASCVD risk in HIV continues to evolve, and the optimal treatment for CVD in HIV aside from targeting traditional risk factors remains unknown. Future studies including novel therapies to lower inflammation, control of risk factors, and implementation science are needed to ascertain optimal ways to treat and prevent ASCVD among PLWH.
Examining the Additive Effect of HIV-Related Stress and General Life Stress on Depression and Anxiety-Related Functional Impairment Among HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men

General life stress and HIV-related stress have been independently associated with negative mental health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH), including anxiety and depression. HIV-positive sexual minority men (SMM) may experience both forms of stress, resulting in concurrent effects that independently exacerbate functional impairment related to anxiety and depression. This study examined general life stress, HIV-related stress, and functional impairment due to depression and anxiety in a sample of 87 HIV-positive SMM. Data were collected in late 2015 and early 2016. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), HIV/AIDS Stress Scale (HASS), Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale, and Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale were used. Each variable was positively correlated with each other in bivariate analyses, but in multivariable models, PSS (β = .53, p < .001) and HASS (β = .27, p < .05) scores were both positively and independently associated with anxiety-related functional impairment. PSS was positively associated with depression-related functional impairment (β = .64, p < .001), but HASS did not maintain a significant independent association with this outcome (β = .00, p = .99). These findings support an association between combined stress and negative mental health outcomes among HIV-positive SMM. Our findings support the idea for researchers and clinicians to be mindful of additional sources of stress and associations with mental health when developing interventions to promote better physical and mental health for this population.
OCT Angiography-based Evaluation of the Choriocapillaris in Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can lead to rapid, irreversible vision loss in untreated eyes. While the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD remains incompletely understood, the choriocapillaris has been hypothesized as the initial site of injury. Due to limitations of dye-based angiography, in vivo imaging of the choriocapillaris has been a longstanding challenge. However, the clinical introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has enabled researchers and clinicians to noninvasively image the choriocapillaris vasculature, allowing the evaluation of the choriocapillaris in eyes with a variety of pathologies. In this perspective, we review important OCTA-based findings regarding choriocapillaris impairment in neovascular AMD and discuss limitations and future directions of OCTA technologies in the context of this disease.
A Search for Balance in the Whirlwind of Law School: Spirituality from Law Teachers

Those who plan the annual meetings of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) decided on a workshop entitled “A Search for Balance in the Whirlwind of Law School” for 2006. They invited three of us to lead a session on “Spirituality.” Other sessions included: the “Affective,” “Connection to Purpose,” “Contemplative Practices,” “Religion in Law School,” “Student Services/Counseling,” and “Teaching Methods and Grading.” “Spirituality” was the most mysterious. Even after an enjoyable ninety minutes with Professors Calvin Pang, Reginald Robinson, and the other interesting law professors who joined us, I knew only slightly what it was about. I do, after half a century in them, know about “whirlwinds” in law school. The only-slightly-hackneyed metaphor says that law students, like Dorothy in the cyclone, are in a house that is being carried to Oz (in her case, from Kansas). Dorothy’s house landed with a thud on top of a wicked witch. Dorothy stepped outside; the movie turned from black-and-white to technicolor, and Dorothy met the good witch, who led her, along with the scarecrow, the lion, and the tin man, down (or up) the Yellow Brick Road. Within the whirlwind we had at the AALS annual meeting in Washington, D.C., in January 2006 (originally scheduled for New Orleans), our sub-theme of Spirituality (capital “S”) seems to describe the good witch’s efforts to put Dorothy in touch with Dorothy’s spirit after she landed in Oz, so that she could get by better when she returned to Kansas. When I imagine Dorothy as a law student, the purpose of Spirituality is to make her happier in Oz and, when she gets back to Kansas, to help her be a good lawyer in all senses of the word—or at least a lawyer who does not make things worse.
Allostery through the computational microscope: cAMP activation of a canonical signalling domain

Allostery, communication between distant parts of a protein, is a key element of enzyme catalysis. Here the authors combine existing experimental data with molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state models to provide insight into the mechanism of ligand-induced allostery within the cyclicnucleotide-binding domain of protein kinase A.
Comets and the Photochemistry of the Paleoatmosphere

Ozone (O3) is a key atmospheric gas in considerations of the photochemistry/chemistry of the paleoatmosphere, chemical evolution, and the origin and evolution of life. The photochemistry/chemistry of atmospheric O3 in the paleoatmosphere is investigated using a one-dimensional photochemical model that includes the chemistry of the oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and chlorine gases. The role of cometary influx of H2O on the photochemistry of the paleoatmosphere is also examined. Recently, it has been suggested that our planet received a significant portion of the volatiles presently in the atmospheric/oceanic/biospheric system from cometary volatile influx. Several consequences of a cometary H2O influx on the photochemistry and structure of the paleoatmosphere are presented.
PBTI/NBTI monitoring ring oscillator circuits with on-chip Vt characterization and high frequency AC stress capability

We propose a new ring oscillator (RO) structure to monitor NBTI and PBTI effects separately. In addition, the unique circuit topology makes it possible to directly correlate the RO frequency degradation to transistor threshold voltage (Vt) degradation without relying on compact modeling with device parameters extracted from transistor-level measurements. It also enables high-speed (> GHz) AC BTI stress experiment with accompanying on-chip AC stress circuitry. The validity of the circuit concept is confirmed by measurements from a test chip in a high-k/metal gate SOI CMOS technology.
Addressing the Issue of Psychiatric Disability in Social Work Interns: The Need for a Problem-Solving Framework

Abstract This article examines the issues that arise when field instructors encounter social work interns with psychiatric problems. The authors discuss how legal decisions and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provide the organizing framework for developing appropriate policies for addressing these situations. Findings from a survey that asked 61 field instructors about their experiences with such students and their knowledge of ADA guidelines provide additional information for policy development. Based on the survey and the legal guidelines, the authors present a problem-solving framework and recommendations to guide academic programs toward an approach that protects the rights of all parties involved.
The Macroeconomic Outlook and Liability Management Strategies

The current macroeconomic outlook presents a duality: On the one hand, Federal Reserve forecasters believe that short-term rates will remain excessively low (0-25 basis points) for a prolonged time period, possibly extending into 2015. On the other hand, the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve has nearly tripled ($850 billion versus approximately $3 trillion) since the onset of the great contraction of 2008-2009, suggesting skyrocketing future inflation accompanied by skyrocketing interest rates. The main reasons behind this very low interest rate environment are twofold: first, the unemployment rate is significantly higher than its steady state level (approximately 8% versus 5%), and second inflation is not significantly higher than its policy level of about 2%-2.5% p.a. The Federal Reserve follows some version of the frequently-cited Taylor rule, or framework, which suggests that the Fed Funds rate equals the long-run real rate (about 2%) plus the steady-state inflation rate (approximately 2% to 2.5%) and a weighted average of the GDP gap and the inflation gap. Though there are many interpretations of the Taylor rule, most economists would agree that the current environment implies a very low or even a negative Fed Funds rate that will remain as such until the unemployment rate reaches its full-employment level. Under normal circumstances such an increase in base (or high-powered) money would have resulted in significant levels of inflation. Currently, however, because the money multiplier has declined significantly due to the contraction, M1 and M2 have not grown as fast as high-powered money. And, heretofore inflation has not materialized. Nonetheless, global economic history suggests that inflation may hit suddenly and violently. And, this is the current macroeconomic duality: very low interest rates projecting into the distant future offset by high-levels of inflation risk. This duality intuitively suggests that an optimal funding strategy should consist of short term borrowings (to exploit the low short-term rates) coupled with long-term borrowings (to hedge against rising inflation and interest rates). In this paper, I empirically demonstrate that a barbell funding strategy is indeed on the efficient frontier, and most efficient frontier strategies consist of the barbell with episodic inclusions of the 5-Year, particularly under increased liquidity or funding risk eventualities. Once we delineate the efficient frontier, the CFO can choose the optimal fixed versus floating mix based on his pain tolerance for declines in Earnings per Share (EPS) given likely moves in short term rates.
Élizabeth Lefort: Canada's Artist in Wool/ L'artiste canadienne de la laine

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Daniel Doucet Year: 2010 Pages: 192 Publisher: Cape Breton University Press ISBN: 978-1897009369 (soft cover). Prices: CDN $24.95(soft cover).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasB1 mutants produce an elastase, substituted at active-site His-223, that is defective in activity, processing, and secretion.

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes elastase in a multistep process which begins with the synthesis of a preproelastase (53.6 kDa) encoded by lasB, is followed by processing to proelastase (51 kDa), and concludes with the rapid accumulation of mature elastase (33 kDa) in the extracellular environment. In this study, mutants of P. aeruginosa were constructed by gene replacement which expressed lasB1, an allele altered in vitro at an active-site His-223-encoding codon. The lasB1 allele was exchanged for chromosomal lasB sequences in two strain backgrounds, FRD2 and PAO1, through a selectable-cassette strategy which placed a downstream Tn501 marker next to lasB1 and provided the selection for homologous recombination with the chromosome. Two lasB1 mutants, FRD720 and PDO220, were characterized, and their culture supernatants contained greatly reduced proteolytic (9-fold) and elastolytic (14- to 20-fold) activities compared with their respective parental lasB+ strains. This was primarily due to the effect of His-223 substitution on substrate binding by elastase and thus its proteolytic activity. However, the concentration of supernatant elastase antigen was also reduced (five- to sevenfold) in the mutant strains compared with the parental strains. An immunoblot analysis of cell extracts showed a large accumulation of 51-kDa proelastase within lasB1 mutant cells which was not seen in wild-type cell extracts. A time course study showed that production of extracellular elastase was inefficient in the lasB1 mutants compared with that of parental strains. This showed that expression of an enzymatically defective elastase inhibits proper processing of proelastase and provides further evidence for autoproteolytic processing of proelastase in P. aeruginosa. Unlike the parental strains, culture supernatants of the lasB1 mutants contained two prominent elastase species that were 33 and 36 kDa in size. Extracellular 51-kDa proelastase was barely detectable, even though it accumulated to high concentrations within the lasB1 mutant cells. These data suggest that production of an enzymatically defective elastase affects proper secretion because autoproteolytic processing of proelastase is necessary for efficient localization to the extracellular milieu. The appearance of reduced amounts of extracellular elastase and their sizes of 33 and 36 kDa suggest that lasB1-encoded elastase was processed by alternate, less-efficient processing mechanisms. Thus, proelastase must be processed by removal of nearly all of the 18-kDa propeptide before elastase is a protein competent for extracellular secretion.
The Effect of Source Analysis on Translation Confidence

Translations produced by an MT system can automatically be assigned a number that reflects the MT system's confidence in their quality. We describe the design of such a confidence index, with focus on the contribution of source analysis, which plays a crucial role in many MT systems, including ours. Various problematic areas of source analysis are identified, and their impact on the overall confidence index is given. We will describe two methods of training the confidence index, one by hand-tuning of the heuristics, the other by linear regression analysis.
Misty (m) affects growth traits.

The misty (m) coat color mutation is commonly maintained in linkage disequilibrium with the obesity mutation diabetes (Leprdb ) to serve as a marker forLeprdb genotype. Comparisons amongLeprdb geno...
Complicating methodological transparency

A historical indicator of the quality, validity, and rigor of qualitative research has been the documentation and disclosure of the behind-the-scenes work of the researcher. In this paper, we use what we call methodological data as a tool to complicate the possibility and desirability of such transparency. Specifically, we draw on our disparate attempts to address calls for transparency about methodological processes in our respective dissertation studies in order to examine how novice researchers can explore transparency as a situated, ongoing, and philosophically informed series of decisions about how, when, and if to be transparent about our work. This work contributes to conversations about how qualitative researchers in education can understand, discuss, and teach qualitative inquiry while continuing to push the boundaries of the field.
Using the Phenogen website for 'in silico' analysis of morphine-induced analgesia: identifying candidate genes.

The identification of genes that contribute to polygenic (complex) behavioral phenotypes is a key goal of current genetic research. One approach to this goal is to combine gene expression information with genetic information, i.e., to map chromosomal regions that regulate gene expression levels. This approach has been termed “genetical genomics”, and, when used in conjunction with the identification of genomic regions (QTLs) that regulate the complex physiological trait under investigation, provides a strong basis for candidate gene discovery. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the genetical genomic/phenotypic approach to identify candidate genes for sensitivity to the analgesic effect of morphine in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Our analysis was performed “in silico”, using an online interactive resource called PhenoGen (http://phenogen.ucdenver.edu). We describe in detail the use of this resource, which identified a set of candidate genes, some of whose products regulate the cellular localization and activity of the mu opiate receptor. The results demonstrate how PhenoGen can be used to identify a novel set of genes that can be further investigated for their potential role in pain, morphine analgesia and/or morphine tolerance.
Phytate Phosphorus Hydrolysis in Broilers in Response to Dietary Phytase, Calcium, and Phosphorus Concentrations

Three 5-d bioassays were conducted to investigate the microbial phytase effect on apparent phytate phosphorus (PP) hydrolysis by 21-d-old broilers using corn-soybean meal basal diets. In Experiment 1, broilers fed corn-soy basal diet [0.7% Ca, 0.4% total P (TP), and 0.12% nonphytate P (NPP)] with 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 5,000 FTU of phytase/kg diet produced PP hydrolysis (%) of 43.12, 68.12, 74.7, 85.02, 85.25 92.77, 96.91, and 99.45, respectively. In Experiment 2, broilers fed corn-soy basal (0.5% Ca and 0.17% PP) without added phytase and 0.08, 0.13, 0.18, 0.23, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, and 0.45% NPP had PP hydrolysis (%) of 8.5, 27.6, 26.4, 28.9, 26.3, 17.1, 21.0, and 27.7, respectively. Broilers fed the same 0.5% Ca basal and NPP concentrations with 1,000 FTU of phytase/kg of diet increased (P < 0.05) PP hydrolysis (%) to 80.9, 75.9, 73.5, 72.2, 68.4, 71.6, 58.3, and 62.5, respectively. Experiment 3 was conducted in the same way as Experiment 2 but Ca was maintained at 0.9% for all diets. Phytate P hydrolysis (%) without addition of phytase in 0.08, 0.13, 0.18, 0.23, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, and 0.45% NPP-fed groups was 49.2, 19.6, 16.0, 8.0, 9.4, 2.1, 4.0, and 4.2, respectively. The addition of phytase increased (P < 0.05) PP hydrolysis (%) to 85.3, 76.1, 70.0, 76.1, 62.6, 68.6, 67.4, and 63.7, respectively. In conclusion, these studies indicated near-complete hydrolysis (99.45%) of PP at greater dietary phytase (5,000 FTU/kg) supplementation, but maximum TP retention was obtained with only 1,000 FTU of added phytase. Maximum PP hydrolysis occurred for broilers fed diets with 1,000 FTU added phytase when the diets contained the lowest concentration (0.08%) of dietary NPP with either 0.5 or 0.9% dietary Ca concentrations. These data also suggest that broilers fed 0.9% dietary Ca have a greater P physiological threshold before a loss in retention compared with broilers fed lower (0.5%) dietary Ca concentrations with no dietary phytase supplementation.
Spatial attentional bias in normal people: Object or viewer-centered

When bisecting radial lines, normal subjects often have a distal bias. To help in explaining this systematic bias, it has been proposed that normal people have an attentional bias to the top of the lines (object centered hypothesis) or toward stimuli falling in the lower portion of the retina (retinotopic hypotheses) or to distal peripersonal space (body centered hypotheses). The primary aim of this study is to test these hypotheses by having normal subjects bisect radial lines, placed in a clockwise distribution in the transverse plane, below eye level. Our results demonstrate that the perception of the midpoint progressively changes as a function of the body centered orientation of the lines, with subjects demonstrating a progressively greater distal bias as they approached the midsagittal plane or radial condition. These findings provide support for the postulate that distal bias on radial lines bisections is body centered.
A Rapid Radioimmunoassay for Measuring Nanogram Levels of Antigens1

. A technique is described which allows quantitation of antigens in the nanogram range using a simple radioimmuno-inhibition assay. All the reactants can be prepared in large batches in one day and are stable for months. The test is highly reproducible over periods of months and correlates closely with the thousand-fold less sensitive Mancini technique.
COMPUTER MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF A ROAD SIMULATOR

This paper describes the development of a computer model of a road simulator, and the use of this model to perform frequency response based controller tuning of the road simulator's hydraulic actuators. In order for a road simulator to effectively serve as a substitute for road tests, it must be able to accurately reproduce a desired road profile. When the system controller was first tuned using conventional tuning rules, the simulator was unable to meet the desired performance objectives. The computer model was developed so that a more fundamental control analysis could be performed on the system and its components. Ultimately, the model was used to develop a better procedure for determining the appropriate controller gains required to achieve the desired performance goals.
Childhood conduct problems, stages of Alzheimer's disease, and physical aggression against caregivers.

Objective To assess the prevalence of physical aggression against caregivers by Alzheimer's patients. Method One hundred and ninety-eight individuals with dementia, primarily Alzheimer's disease (AD) were evaluated with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, the Mini Mental Status Examination, two measures of Activities of Daily Living, portions of the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure physical aggression against partner, questions about conduct problems during childhood/adolescence of the patients, and chart records of delusion and paranoia. Results 25% of the patients engaged in physical aggression against their caregivers in the past year, and 33% of the patients engaged in some act of physical aggression against any individual in the past two weeks. Physical aggression against a caregiver was more likely in the middle (34%) than the early stage of AD (4%). Physical aggression against a partner and agitation were more likely if the patient had a history of symptoms of conduct disorder. Delusions and paranoia were both associated with general physical aggression and general verbal aggression but not physical aggression against a caretaker. Conclusions 25% of Alzheimer's disease and Multi-Infarct dementia patients engaged in acts of physical aggression against their caregivers. The rate of aggression seen in this clinical sample was much higher than the rate of physical aggression in a community sample of the elderly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal conductivity, electron transport, and magnetic properties of single-crystal Ca 3 Co 2 O 6

A recent neutron-diffraction study on the magnetic insulator ${\text{Ca}}_{3}{\text{Co}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{6}$ shows that spins in the $c$-axis chains of alternating Co1 octahedral and Co2 trigonal-prismatic face-sharing ${\text{CoO}}_{6/2}$ sites are ordered below ${T}_{N}$ with a long-wavelength modulation instead of a simple ferromagnetic chain as thought previously. Frustrated antiferromagnetic interchain interactions compete with ferromagnetic intrachain coupling to invalidate an Ising model despite a strong spin-orbit coupling $\ensuremath{\lambda}\mathbf{L}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{S}$ on the Co2 ions. We have carried out thermal conductivity, electron transport, and magnetic measurements on single-crystal ${\text{Ca}}_{3}{\text{Co}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{6}$ in order to characterize this complicated magnetic system. An anisotropic thermal-conductivity component superimposed at high temperatures on an isotropic phonon component is consistent with an exchange-interaction-mediated heat transfer. This observation is incompatible with an Ising model. The ferromagnetic intrachain interactions are argued to reflect a one-dimensional itinerant-electron band that is split by the $c$-axis translational symmetry and the on-site intra-atomic Hund exchange interaction with a localized $S=3/2$ spin on the Co2 ions.
Control of inhomogeneous ensembles in the presence of a random periodic drift

This paper motivates control of systems with random yet periodic drift. Numerous physical systems conform to such a model, perhaps the best known is solid state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments in which periodic sample rotation is used to average random affects. We present a control design method that allows for robust selective excitation in the presence of such random, periodic drift.
Comparing hyperthermal molecular and atomic ion sputtering of adsorbates: Xe+ versus SF5+ on NH3/CO/Ni(111)

Abstract Polyatomic ion-induced desorption of adsorbates is an important effect in secondary ion mass spectrometry, surface-induced dissociation and both ion beam and plasma processing of materials. We compared the adsorbate desorption cross-sections for a model ion-adsorbate system, NH 3 /CO/Ni(111) exposed to the isobaric atomic and polyatomic ions, Xe + and SF 5 + , with kinetic energies of 10–1000 eV. The depletion of the adsorbate layer and the formation of new surface chemical species were monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two to three times higher desorption cross-sections for both NH 3 and CO were observed for SF 5 + ion bombardment compared with Xe + at the same incident energy. TRIDYN Monte Carlo simulations generally gave good agreement with the experimental results. TRIDYN implicated the larger reflected ion contributions for S and F compared with Xe as the source of the enhanced desorption yields by the polyatomic ion. Substrate damage was also found to be lower for SF 5 + than Xe + due to the former's lower energy per atom and lighter constituent atom masses.
Review Article: Eradication Programs for the Arthropod Parasites of Livestock

Two species of cattle fever ticks, Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus , were eradicated from the southern United States in a cooperative state-federal program that began in 1907 and was successfully completed in 1960. These vectors were eliminated from an area of approximately 700,000 sq. miles (1,813,000 km2), primarily by dipping cattle and other livestock in an arsenical solution on a schedule shorter than the time required for completion of the parasitic phase of the life cycle of the female ticks, that is, once every 14–18 days. Bovine babesiosis disappeared from the U.S. after the tick vectors were eradicated, and the resultant savings to the livestock industry are estimated to exceed U.S. 1 billion per year. Similar eradication programs in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Soutli America, and Australia have not been successful. During 1960–1972, three species of African ticks were eliminated from the United States before they could become firmly established, but an infestation of Amblyomma variegatum was discovered in Puerto Rico in 1974 and has not yet been eradicated. Psoroptic scabies of sheep was eradicated from a few European countries, Australia and New Zealand before 1900, Canada in 1927, and the United States in 1970. For other acarine parasites the goal for the most part has been control, not eradication. Screwworms were eradicated from Florida and adjoining southeastern states in 1959 by the release of large numbers of sexually sterilized male flies. A similar program that was launched in the Southwest in 1962 is not complete but now that Mexico has joined the effort, eradication from both countries appears nearer realization. Cattle grubs, Hypoderma spp., have so far defied all attempts at eradication, even though very high levels of control, >99%, have been achieved in several countries. Efforts to eradicate other species, e.g., horn flies and stable flies, are confined to research on techniques.
Hygiene in the Prevention of Udder Infections II. Evaluation of Oil-Based Teat Dips

Oil-based teat dips containing iodine at .5 and 1% were compared in a series of studies with two water-based iodophor products of the same concentration and also with undipped controls. When the two types of products were tested at .5% under conditions of natural infection, the water-based dip was four times more effective than the oil-based dip at preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections. In three subsequent trials teats were experimentally exposed to S. aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Five times more S. aureus infections developed in a group dipped with the oil-based dip at 1% iodine with an undipped control yielded no significant difference for S. aureus infections. The 1% iodine water-based product was nine times more effective in preventing S. aureus infections than the 1% oil-based product. Differences in the incidence of S. agalactiae infections were nonsignificant within the individual trials. Though ineffective in preventing udder infections oil-based products were effective in creating a supple condition of teat skin.
Effects of heat shock on the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex in irradiated or unirradiated cells

The mechanism by which hyperthermia sensitizes mammalian cells to ionizing radiation remains to be elucidated, but an overwhelming amount of circumstantial evidence suggests that heat radiosensitization might be mediated by inhibition of double-strand break repair, particularly after exposure of irradiated cells to heat treatments in excess of about 43 degrees C. In mammalian cells, double-strand break repair usually occurs via two pathways, non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Several reports suggest a role for non-homologous end-joining in heat radiosensitization, while others implicate homologous recombination as a target. However, cell lines that are compromised in either the non-homologous end-joining or homologous recombination pathway are still capable of being radiosensitized, suggesting that heat affects both pathways. Indeed, several of the proteins involved in one or both of these pathways have been observed to undergo alterations or translocation after unirradiated or irradiated cells are exposed to heat shock. The work summarized in this review implicates proteins of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex as targets for heat radiosensitization.
Carbon-carbon dioxide reaction: Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics at intermediate pressures

Abstract The gasification of a very high purity natural graphite was studied at temperatures between 900 and 1007°C, at total gas pressures between 15 and 150 torr, and CO CO 2 ratios between 0.098 and 2.0. Reactivity, expressed as weight loss per unit time, was constant over the burn-off range between about 10–50%. Rates of gasification were seen to obey the equation derived from Langmuir-Hinshelwood theory, that is Rate = k 1 p CO 2 (1 + k 2 p CO + k 3 p CO 2 ) . If it is assumed that the inhibition of gasification by CO is caused by its lowering the steady-state concentration of oxygen complex which breaks down to product CO, individual rate constants for the oxygen transfer and gasification steps can be calculated. Values of these rate constants and the equilibrium constant for the oxygen transfer step are considered in the light of literature results and theory.
Survival of protozoa in cooling tower biocides

Protozoa from cooling towers may serve as hosts for legionellae, but such protozoa have not been examined with respect to effects of cooling tower biocides. In this study, two ciliate species,Tetrahymena sp andColpoda sp, and two amoebae species,Vannella miroides andAcanthamoeba hatchetti, were isolated from a cooling tower and tested for survival in the presence of four cooling tower biocides. The protozoa were exposed for 24 h to a thiocarbamate compound, an isothiazolone compound, quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), and tributyltin neodecanoate with quarternary ammonium compounds (TBT/QAC). After exposure, cells were examined for viability. The highest concentration of each biocide in which cells could survive was compared to the manufacturers' recommended maintenance dosage (MRMD) of the biocides.Tetrahymena andColpoda survived concentrations within the range of the MRMD of thiocarbamate and QAC.Vannella andAcanthamoeba survived concentrations within the MRMD of thiocarbamate, isothiazolone, and QAC.Colpoda cysts andAcanthamoebae cysts remained viable after exposure to concentrations much greater than the MRMD of thiocarbamate, isothiazolone, and QAC. None of the protozoa in any stage could survive the MRMD of TBT/QAC. These results show that protozoa indigenous to cooling towers may survive the recommended concentration of certain biocides, and this information may be important in devising procedures for eradicating hosts for legionellae.