cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE REAGAN URBAN POLICY: EFFICIENT NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PUBLIC SECTOR MINIMIZATON

The Reagan urban policy is premised on a definition of efficient national economic growth which mandates public sector minimization. Such a policy is hostile to local economic revitalizalion and to attaching “social strings” to ensure that program benefits reach disadvantaged residents. Hence, such local economic development programs as EDA and UDA G have been attacked by the Reagan Administration. The CDBG program has been revised to allow states and localities further discretion to divert program funds from community development to economic development activities. Even the administration's enterprise zone plan does not attempt to contradict market forces in determining investment decisions. Rather, relief is given to business on business' terms with little assurance that the benefits of development will go to zone residents; and, eligibility is so broad as to allow zone designation in pockets of distress in otherwise economically healthy jurisdictions of the nation.
The infrared spectrum of CH3SiH3 and CH3SiD3

Abstract The low-resolution infrared spectra of methyl silane and methyl trideuterosilane are reported for the 450–10,000 cm−1 region. All the fundamental frequencies are assigned to normal modes, and tentative assignments are given to many of the overtone and combination bands. The analyses of two parallel- and four perpendicular-type bands of methyl silane and of one parallel- and one perpendicular-type band of methyl trideuterosilane are reported for the 2000–5000 cm−1 region. The combination difference-sum method of analysis is employed. In the case of the parallel bands, the rotational constants A′, B″, B′, and DJ are reported. In the case of the perpendicular bands, values are reported for A′, B′, ζi, and DK. The ground-state rotational constants A″ and B″ are obtainable from previous microwave studies.
Generating CD8 T Cell Heterogeneity: Attack of the Clones

Pathogen-induced inflammation modulates CD8 T cell effector and memory differentiation. In this issue of Immunity, Plumlee et al. (2013) demonstrate that clonally distinct CD8 T cells have the ability to generate numerous types of effector cell fates based on extrinsic pathogen-induced environmental cues.
On the Structure of Planar Defects in ALN

Aluminum nitride has a great potential as a semiconductor substrate material. However, the defects which occur in this material are very detrimental to the material properties. ‘Domelike’ or ‘D’ defects, consisting of a flat basal fault joined to a curved planar fault, are examined by TEM. They are shown to be inversion domains, using a newly developed technique for polarity determination in the TEM. Structural models are proposed for the defects which incorporate a layer of alumina one unit cell thick into the basal fault of the defect.
Quota enforcement for high-performance distributed storage systems

Storage systems manage quotas to ensure that no one user can use more than their share of storage, and that each user gets the storage they need. This is difficult for large, distributed systems, especially those used for high- performance computing applications, because resource allocation occurs on many nodes concurrently. While quota management is an important problem, no robust scalable solutions have been proposed to date. We present a solution that has less than 0.2% performance overhead while the system is below saturation, compared with not enforcing quota at all. It provides byte-level accuracy at all times, in the absence of failures and cheating. If nodes fail or cheat, we recover within a bounded period. In our scheme quota is enforced asynchronously by intelligent storage servers: storage clients contact a shared management service to obtain vouchers, which the clients can spend like cash at participating storage servers to allocate storage space. Like a digital cash system, the system periodically reconciles voucher usage to ensure that clients do not cheat by spending the same voucher at multiple storage servers. We report on a simulation study that validates this approach and evaluates its performance.
Secure reputation monitoring system—a novel connected dominating set-based framework for WSNs

Reputation and Trust-based Monitoring Systems (RTMSs) have provided a ubiquitous framework for secure Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) computing. However, neighborhood monitoring, though useful, consumes substantial amounts of sensor resources. Therefore, employing sensors for neighborhood monitoring, which is secondary to their intended duties, depletes valuable and scarce resources. This eventually leads to shortened network lifetime, which is counter-productive in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel, Connected Dominating Set (CDS)-based reputation monitoring system. Our model is the first attempt to employ a CDS-based monitoring backbone to securely aggregate the reputation of sensors without subjecting them to energy depletion or reputation pollution attacks encountered in existing reputation monitoring systems. Secure and certificateless node mobility and robustness to node replication and ID spoofing attacks are two vital by-products of our model. We confirm the performance of our model via simulation studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mutha Rubboard controller

The Mutha Rubboard is a musical controller based on the rubboard, washboard or frottoir metaphor commonly used in the Zydeco music genre of South Louisiana. It is not only a metamorphosis of a traditional instrument, but a modern bridge of exploration into a rich musical heritage. It uses capacitive and piezo sensing technology to output MIDI and raw audio data.This new controller reads the key placement in two parallel planes by using radio capacitive sensing circuitry expanding greatly on the standard corrugated metal playing surface. The percussive output normally associated with the rubboard is captured through piezo contact sensors mounted directly on the keys (the playing implements). Additionally, mode functionality is controlled by discrete switching on the keys.This new instrument is meant to be easily played by both experienced players and those new to the rubboard. It lends itself to an expressive freedom by placing the control surface on the chest and allowing the hands to move uninhibited about it or by playing it in the usual way, preserving its musical heritage.
The fantasy of access: Neoliberal ordering of a public beach

Abstract Neoliberal governance has led to the progressive privatization and ordering of urban public spaces, restricting their use as domains of political expression and visible identity formation. While the processes of privatization have taken a variety of forms, the end result either produces new privately-owned spaces or restricts access and behavior in extant public space. A programmatic, bourgeois-public space emerges where a fantasy of open-access occludes the experience of exclusion. This fantasy of inclusive public space is upheld by dualistically countering its faux-democratic state management against private ownership. Though scholars have theorized the neoliberal production of public spaces elsewhere, this paradigm has rarely been applied to the large and proximate public beaches and coastlines that bound US lands. This paper seeks to complicate our understanding of the process of privatization by countering legal and experiential exclusions that govern access to beaches in Connecticut. A study of the Eastern Point beaches in Groton, Connecticut is used to analyze the impacts of a Connecticut Supreme Court case that struck down residents-only restricted beaches. Supported by empirical data from beachgoers at the small public and private beaches, the mechanics of exclusion are shown to hinge upon race class and locality. Though Connecticut beaches are now more legally inclusive, results from this research indicate that the ruling has had negligible effects upon the practice of social exclusion from the beach. Using anarchist theories of spatial practice, I suggest that a democratic public space can only be achieved through occupation and embodied resistance to neoliberal ordering.
An Innate Disposition for a Healthier Gut: GLP-1R Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Lymphocytes.

The GLP-1 system affects multiple physiological processes, ranging from potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to gut motility, satiety, and even hepatic glucose production (1–3), through distinct mechanisms at separate locations. While there is some debate about whether GLP-1 mediates these actions through the circulation as a hormone (4–6), GLP-1 signaling via its receptor (GLP-1R) on target tissues has been extensively studied and shown to support therapeutic application. As a result, GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 that delay GLP-1 inactivation are now widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, more recently, obesity (7–10). Thus, there is a substantial and incontrovertible body of evidence supporting a role for GLP-1 in metabolic control. Notable among recent studies is a new direction—interaction between GLP-1 and pathways of inflammation. For example, the enteroendocrine L cells, which are thought to be the primary source of GLP-1, increase their secretion in response to interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide, as well as in other settings of systemic inflammation (11–13). At the level of GLP-1 action, satiety effects in the central nervous system seem to be mediated, at least in part, by cytokines (14). A role of GLP-1 in inflammation appears to have some clinical relevance as plasma concentrations are elevated in critically ill patients (12,15). Despite the compelling nature of these findings, the cellular and molecular connections between L cells, GLP-1R, and the immune system are not well understood. Thus, the article by Yusta et al. (16) in this issue of Diabetes is both timely and important as it traces at least one pathway connecting GLP-1 and immune function. Here, the authors show that GLP-1Rs regulate intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (IELs), a novel finding with broad implications that seems likely to advance the understanding in …
Equivalents—A New Concept for the Prediction and Interpretation of Thermal Convection

The conditions for which free convection and forced convection in the thin laminar boundary layer regime produce the same Nusselt number are indentified and generalized. Such conditions are herein designated as equivalents, and the relationship between the two conditions is designated as an equivalence. The concept of equivalence provides a new structure for the assembly of information on heat transfer and mass transfer, and therefore, a new resource for teachers as well as for practitioners of transport and process design. It is the commonality of the equivalence for different conditions and geometries that renders it uniquely useful in these regards.
Measuring and improving quality and performance in an evolving health-care sector

How can the challenges of quality measurement, assurance, and improvement be met at the national, state, and community levels? Can we sustain high levels of quality of care in an evolving health sector that wants to control costs and needs to extend access to millions of people? Can we find new ways to measure clinical practice performance and improve quality that will work more effectively in both the private and public sectors? All these questions demand answers in the context of contemporary circumstances.
Recent Advances in Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Schizophrenia

Neuroimaging has shown much promise as potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated that schizophrenia is associated with widespread alteration in the brain’s gray matter and white matter structure, and disruption in the brain’s connectivities and activities. More recent advances in neuroimaging data collection and analysis methods have allowed for the examination of these disruptions in a coordinated, global fashion. Analyses of large-scale networks using multivariate and multimodal approaches are providing evidence that schizophrenia is a disorder of neural and cognitive integration with subtle, multifocal abnormalities involving local changes of global brain network architecture. Notwithstanding current advances, critical questions remain unsettled regarding the utility of neuroimaging for individualized diagnosis and monitoring, clarifying disease mechanism with treatment and comorbidity, and characterizing psychosis spectra in general.
Use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments

Background Although most US states prohibit cigarette smoking in public places and worksites, fewer jurisdictions regulate indoor use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Given the dramatic increase in e-cigarette use and concern about its impact on non-users, there is a need to examine the use of e-cigarettes in smoke-free environments and related attitudes and perceptions. Methods Recruited from a nationally representative adult panel (GfK9s KnowledgePanel), 952 current users of e-cigarettes completed a cross-sectional online survey in 2014. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine the factors associated with ever using e-cigarettes in smoke-free environments. Results Overall, 59.5% of e-cigarette users had vaped where cigarette smoking was not allowed. Young adults (18–29 years) were most likely to do so, 74.2%. The places of first-time use most often mentioned were service venues (bar, restaurant, lounge and club), 30.7%, followed by worksites, 23.5%. Daily e-cigarette users were more likely to have vaped in smoke-free environments than non-daily users (OR=2.08, p=0.012). Only 2.5% of those who used e-cigarettes in smoke-free environments reported negative reactions from other people. Most e-cigarette users did not think e-cigarettes are harmful to themselves or to by-standers, and thus should not be banned where smoking is; those who had used e-cigarettes where smoking is banned were even more likely to hold these views. Conclusions E-cigarette use in smoke-free environments was common, suggesting that most e-cigarette users do not consider smoke-free laws to apply to e-cigarettes. Explicit laws should be considered if jurisdictions want to prohibit e-cigarette use in public places.
Book review: Chōsen Sūgakushi: Shūshigakutekina tenkai to sono shūen

Hideki Kawahara is a professional historian, and this book is an outcome of his painstaking work on the history of mathematics in Choseon (朝鮮, 1392–1910). Before this book was published, the only b...
Haunting Legacies: Forging Afro-Dominican Women’s Identity in Loida Maritza Pérez’s Geographies of Home

This chapter proposes the existence of a gender-specific migratory experience for the female characters in Perez’s novel. She reveals the alternative forms of self-empowerment that her Dominican-American female characters employ to heal and manage the effects of violation, abuse, and the daily forms of humiliation and struggle endured as Afro-Latina immigrants in New York City. Perez renders the marked body, divergent sexuality, and a multishifting perspective on reality as manifestations of her female characters’ challenges with navigating the American landscape and negotiating ties to their homeland. Furthermore, this chapter examines Perez’s formulation of a distinctly Afro-Dominican women’s identity, which counters the official narrative of Dominican national identity.
Abstract P241: Uric Acid-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction is Attenuated by HO-1 Upregulation: Potential Role of Antioxidant Therapy to Target Obesity

Increased uric acid levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To examine the mechanisms by which this occurs we hypothesized that an increase in Heme Oxygenase-1, a potent anti-oxidant gene will decrease uric acid levels and adipocyte dysfunction via suppression of ROS and xanthine oxidase levels. We examined the effect of uric acid, on adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), HO-1 inducer and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), HO activity inhibitor. Uric acid increased adipogenesis by increasing NADPH oxidase expression and elevation in the adipogenesis markers C/EBPα, PPARγ, Mest while decreasing small lipid droplets and the expression of Wnt10b. Importantly, we treated MSCs with fructose, a fuel source that increase uric acid levels. Our results showed that fructose increased XO expression as compared to the control and concomitant treatment with CoPP significantly decreased XO expression and also decreased uric acid levels. These beneficial effects of CoPP were reversed by SnMP; supporting a role for HO activity in mediating these effects. These novel findings demonstrate that increased levels of HO-1 appear crucial in modulating the phenotype of adipocytes exposed to uric acid and in down regulating XO and NADPH oxidase levels. Furthermore, this study offers new insight into potential therapies by which targeting the production and/or downstream signaling of uric acid can curtail adipogenesis.
Development of Gifted Motivation: Longitudinal Research and Applications

Gifted motivation was proposed by Gottfried & Gottfried (2004) as an area of giftedness in and of itself distinct from intellectual giftedness. Gifted motivation applies to those individuals who are superior in their strivings and determination pertaining to an endeavor. The foundation for theorizing about and providing empirical validation for this construct is based on the authors’ longitudinal study of giftedness in the realm of academic intrinsic motivation. Academic intrinsic motivation is defined as enjoyment of school learning characterized by an orientation toward mastery, curiosity, persistence, task-endogeny, and the learning of challenging, difficult, and novel tasks. The present chapter will present theory and contemporary findings regarding gifted motivation, and how this relate to concurrent and long-term outcomes from childhood through early adulthood. Implications for identification of gifted motivation, program selection, and program development and evaluation will be advanced.
Determining Equivalent Dipoles Using a Hybrid Source-Reconstruction Method for Characterizing Emissions from Integrated Circuits

An efficient emission model for radiation problems in integrated circuits (ICs) is required at the early phase of industrial design. Traditional source-reconstruction methods rely exclusively on near-field scanning and lack the flexibility needed to handle varying IC work conditions. The proposed hybrid model can build a physical connection to the IC's inherent electric properties; therefore, after simple parameter adjustments, it can be applied to any mode of operation. The complete model consists of two sets of equivalent dipoles; one is converted directly from the current/voltage information distributed along the IC package, while the other initially is solved from linear equations that describe the relationship between the dipoles and scanned fields. Then, they are multiplied by a scaling factor to adapt to varying IC work conditions. The emission behavior of an 8-bit commercial microcontroller was reasonably simulated in full-wave solver under various working conditions. The proposed hybrid equivalent source model correctly predicted the simulated reference fields at each operation mode. The feasibility and flexibility of the proposed modeling method have been well validated.
Opportunities to Reduce CT Radiation Exposure, Experience Over 5 Years at the NIH Clinical Center.

Our current study was undertaken in order to compare CT exposures during various dose-reduction initiatives at the National Institutes of Health Clinical center, to show trends in exposure reduction over a 5-y period, and to provide benchmarks that other facilities may use. Using an in-house extraction tool (Radiation Exposure Extraction Engine), we derived CT exposure data from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) headers over 5 y. We present parameters used and compare most common exams between 2010 and 2015. During a period of exposure-reduction initiatives, data of 79 396 exams from nine CT scanners on 87 scan protocols were analyzed. Adult chest exposures were reduced 53% and chest, abdomen and pelvis exams were reduced 43% (p < 0.001). Only extremity exams did not show significantly reduced exposure. Collecting data over several years allowed us to confirm and compare several initiatives. We demonstrated significant exposure reductions during continued reduction efforts on common exams. Our results may provide benchmarks for similar centers.
Multi-scale higher order singular value decomposition (MS-HoSVD) for resting-state FMRI compression and analysis

Advances in information technology are making it possible to collect increasingly massive amounts of multidimensional, multi-modal neuroimaging data such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Current fMRI datasets involve multiple variables including multiple subjects, as well as both temporal and spatial data. These high dimensional datasets pose a challenge to the signal processing community to develop data reduction methods that can exploit their rich structure and extract meaningful summarizations. In this paper, we propose a tensor-based framework for data reduction and low-dimensional structure learning with a particular focus on reducing high dimensional fMRI data sets into physiologically meaningful network components. We develop a multiscale tensor factorization method for higher order data inspired by hybrid linear modeling and subspace clustering techniques. In particular, we develop a multi-scale HoSVD approach where a given tensor is first permuted and then partitioned into several sub-tensors each of which can be represented more efficiently. This multi-scale framework is applied to resting state fMRI data to identify the default mode network from compressed data.
Impact on Negative Mood and Craving of a Classroom Policy Prohibiting Mobile Technology Use

This pilot study examined the impact of a classroom policy prohibiting mobile technology (MT; e.g., smartphones) use on negative mood and craving. We also examined personality, problematic use, and negative mood as predictors of craving. Participants were college students in courses in which (1) MT use for any reason was prohibited (experimental) or (2) MT use for academic purposes was permitted (control). At the end of a 50-min class period, participants completed measures of craving (i.e., how much they wanted to use MT for non-academic purposes), negative mood, negative urgency (i.e., impulsivity related to strong emotions), and problematic use. Results showed that 15.6% of participants reported “moderate” and 9.4% reported “quite a bit” to “extreme” levels of craving. Although fewer experimental (6.1%) than control (29.5%) participants acknowledged MT use during the class period, Pearsonχ2 (83) = 8.04, p = .005, most participants in both groups reported having abstained from MT use (experimental 79.6%; control 63.6%). Thus, it is not surprising that the two groups did not differ in terms of craving (experimental: M = 2.1; control: M = 1.8). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that higher negative urgency (β = 0.393, p = .003), more problems from use (β = 0.361, p = .003), and more negative mood (β = 0.324, p = .005) were associated with stronger craving. Future research should examine whether high negative urgency and more negative mood are associated with a greater likelihood of MT use in risky circumstances due to their impact on craving.
Dynamic programming for POMDPs using a factored state representation

Contingent planning - constructing a plan in which action selection is contingent, on imperfect information received during plan execution - can be formalized as the problem of solving a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Traditional dynamic programming algorithms for POMDPs use a flat state representation that enumerates all possible stales and state transitions. By contrast, AI planning algorithms use a factored state representation that supports state abstraction and allows problems with large state spaces to be represented and solved more efficiently. Boutilier and Poole (1996) have recently described how a factored state representation can be exploited by a dynamic programming algorithm for POMDPs. We extend their framework, describe an implementation of it, test its performance, and assess how much this approach improves the computational efficiency of dynamic programming for POMDPs.
Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth system model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America

Abstract. Reactive nitrogen (N) emissions have increased over the last 150 years as a result of greater fossil fuel combustion and food production. The resulting increase in N deposition can alter the function of ecosystems, but characterizing its ecological impacts remains challenging, in part because of uncertainties in model-based estimates of N dry deposition. Here, we use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric chemistry–climate model (AM3) coupled with the GFDL land model (LM3) to estimate dry deposition velocities. We leverage the tiled structure of LM3 to represent the impact of physical, hydrological, and ecological heterogeneities on the surface removal of chemical tracers. We show that this framework can be used to estimate N deposition at more ecologically relevant scales (e.g., natural vegetation, water bodies) than from the coarse-resolution global model AM3. Focusing on North America, we show that the faster removal of N over forested ecosystems relative to cropland and pasture implies that coarse-resolution estimates of N deposition from global models systematically underestimate N deposition to natural vegetation by 10 % to 30 % in the central and eastern US. Neglecting the sub-grid scale heterogeneity of dry deposition velocities also results in an underestimate (overestimate) of the amount of reduced (oxidized) nitrogen deposited to water bodies. Overall, changes in land cover associated with human activities are found to slow down the removal of N from the atmosphere, causing a reduction in the dry oxidized, dry reduced, and total (wet + dry) N deposition over the contiguous US of 8 %, 26 %, and 6 %, respectively. We also find that the reduction in the overall rate of removal of N associated with land-use change tends to increase N deposition on the remaining natural vegetation and facilitate N export to Canada. We show that sub-grid scale differences in the surface removal of oxidized and reduced nitrogen imply that projected near-term (2010–2050) changes in oxidized ( −47 %) and reduced ( +40 %) US N emissions will cause opposite changes in N deposition to water bodies (increase) and natural vegetation (decrease) in the eastern US, with potential implications for acidification and ecosystems.
Promoting adolescent health: insights from developmental and communication neuroscience

Adolescence is a period of remarkable psychosocial and neural development. Many life-long health habits are established during adolescence, making it a window of opportunity for health promotion. One way to promote adolescent health is through mass and social media campaigns. Although some health media campaigns that target adolescents are effective in changing health-relevant cognitions and behaviors, there is considerable room for improving these outcomes. Recent advancements combining neuroimaging tools and health persuasion have suggested key neural mechanisms underlying behavior change and retransmission of health-relevant ideas and norms in adults. This line of work highlights the integral role of the brain's value system in health persuasion and its importance for improving campaign design and effectiveness. Less is known about how these insights could be leveraged to inform adolescent health persuasion. In this article, we review what is known and unknown about the development of the brain's value system and its connections with cognitive control and social cognition systems across adolescence. Combining these insights, we propose that neuroimaging tools offer unique possibilities that could improve adolescent media health campaigns and promote adolescent well-being.
CRISPR-Mediated Programmable 3D Genome Positioning and Nuclear Organization

Programmable control of spatial genome organization is a powerful approach for studying how nuclear structure affects gene regulation and cellular function. Here, we develop a versatile CRISPR-genome organization (CRISPR-GO) system that can efficiently control the spatial positioning of genomic loci relative to specific nuclear compartments, including the nuclear periphery, Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. CRISPR-GO is chemically inducible and reversible, enabling interrogation of real-time dynamics of chromatin interactions with nuclear compartments in living cells. Inducible repositioning of genomic loci to the nuclear periphery allows for dissection of mitosis-dependent and -independent relocalization events and also for interrogation of the relationship between gene position and gene expression. CRISPR-GO mediates rapid de novo formation of Cajal bodies at desired chromatin loci and causes significant repression of endogenous gene expression over long distances (30–600 kb). The CRISPR-GO system offers a programmable platform to investigate large-scale spatial genome organization and function.
The Radical Nature of “Return” in Zechariah

Scholarship has tended to emphasize a positivistic view of Zechariah—namely, that the text, constructivist in nature, reflects what the prophet viewed as the eventual outcome of his community. In contrast, using Melanie Klein's theory on the “death instinct,” this article is an experimental reading of Zech 1–8 meant to expose questions about Zechariah as a paranoid text produced under fears of social irrelevance, or “death.” The article therefore argues that the concept of return must be reinterpreted accordingly.
Toward responsible AI for the next billion users

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for communities marginalized by economics, social status, infrastructure, or policies. It will discuss design methods, theoretical and conceptual contributions, and methodological engagements for underserved communities. --- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
Planetary encounter analysis on the B-plane: a comprehensive formulation

The B-plane is a fundamental tool to analyze planetary encounters of small bodies and spacecraft flybys. In this paper, we review the B-plane formulation with a full derivation of its coordinates and their partial derivatives, which allow the mapping of orbital uncertainties onto the B-plane. We find that this mapping can be sensitive to variations in the inbound asymptote, especially for low-velocity encounters, and to non-Keplerian dynamics for distant encounters. Under linearity assumptions, we show how to derive close approach boundaries and impact probabilities from the orbital uncertainty mapped onto the B-plane.
Home Fine Dust Monitoring Systems Using XBee

Home air environments are affected by several pollutant sources. Among them, fine dust is the most dangerous pollutant, which can cause serious health problems. In general, residents in East-Asian countries trust fine dust information on weather forecast portals. However, the quality at air inside homes is very different from forecasted, as indoor air conditions cannot be observed easily. Although fine dust values can be observed in an air purifier, these readings can hardly be trusted, because one air purifier in a living room cannot determine the fine dust density values of other rooms or places. Therefore, this paper presents a home fine-dust monitoring system based on selected places applicable in any environments. By using the FRIBEE white Arduino board (built-in XBee shield Arduino board) and fine dust sensors, a star network topology is developed and each fine dust density value is determined by the fine dust sensors. Utilizing XBee and the Bluetooth network, the author examined fine dust density values on an Arduino serial monitor and Android applications in real time. To obtain a moderate result, two places in a home were selected to observe the fine dust density values. Moreover, indoor fine dust density values were compared with fine dust density values of weather forecast portals. The proposed systems can be used as a low-cost tool for home (or other indoor environments) fine dust monitoring.
Enteroviruses Resculpt the Autophagic Landscape to Support Virus Replication and Cell Exit

Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a medically important respiratory plus-strand RNA virus of children which has been linked to acute flaccid myelitis. We have determined that EV-D68 induces autophagic signaling and membrane formation. Autophagy, a homeostatic degradative process that breaks down protein aggregates and damaged organelles, promotes replication of multiple plus-strand viruses. Induction of autophagic signals promotes EV-D68 replication, but the virus inhibits the downstream degradative steps of autophagy in multiple ways. EV-D68 proteases cleave a major autophagic cargo adaptor and the autophagic SNARE Snap29, which reportedly regulates fusion between autophagosome to amphisome/autolysosome. Although the virus inhibits autophagic degradation, Snap29 promotes virus replication early in infection. An orphan SNARE, Snap47, is shown to have a previously unknown role in autophagy, and Snap47 promotes the replication of EV-D68. Our study illuminates a new mechanism for subversion of autophagic flux, and redirection of the autophagic membranes to benefit EV-D68 replication.
Early Vocal Development in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Objective: To determine whether entry into the canonical stage, canonical babbling ratios (CBR) and the level of volubility (vocal measures) are delayed in infants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), we completed human coding of their vocalizations at 12 months and compared the results to typically developing infants with no clinical features (TD/NCF). Methods: We randomly selected videos from 40 infants with TSC from the TACERN database. All 78 videos were coded in real-time in AACT (Action Analysis, Coding and Training). Results: Entry into the canonical stage was delayed in the great majority of the infants with TSC. The CBR for the TD/NCF infants was significantly higher than for the infants with TSC (TD/NCF mean = .346, SE = .19; TSC mean = .117, SE = .023). Volubility level in infants with TSC was less than half that of TD/NCF infants (TD/NCF mean = 9.82, SE = 5.78; TSC mean = 3.99, SE = 2.16). CBR and volubility were also lower in TSC infants than in TD/NCF infants recorded all-day at home. Conclusions: Entry into the canonical stage was delayed, while canonical babbling ratios and volubility were low in infants with TSC. Assessing prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome using these vocal measures in combination with non-vocal measures will be the focus of planned studies in this high-risk population.
Perioperative Hematologic Management

SUMMARY Although the blood supply is certainly safer now than it ever has been, improvements are likely to continue. Eliminating the need for transfusions may someday be a reality. Recombinant human erythropoietin has been successfully used in a patient who refused transfusion and whose hemoglobin decreased to 4.6.19 It is conceivable that synthetic blood will be available in the near future. Certainly, it behooves the clinician to keep current with this rapidly evolving area pertinent to our specialty.
Engineered Semi-Flexible Composite Mixture Design and Its Implementation Method at Railroad Bridge Approach:

Considerable variation in the vertical displacement can cause railway tracks’ transition problems at the bridge approach. The vertical displacement gaps can result in amplification of the dynamic f...
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Strategies to Improve Quality of Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy: Expert Review

The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Practice Update was to review the available evidence and provide best practice advice regarding strategies to improve the quality of screening and surveillance colonoscopy. This review is framed around 15 best practice advice statements regarding colonoscopy quality that were agreed upon by the authors, based on a review of the available evidence and published guidelines. This is not a formal systematic review and thus no formal rating of the quality of evidence or strength of recommendation has been carried out.
Deep learning-augmented radioluminescence imaging for radiotherapy dose verification.

Purpose We developed a novel dose verification method using a camera-based radioluminescence imaging system (CRIS) combined with a deep learning-based signal processing technique. Methods The CRIS consists of a cylindrical chamber coated with scintillator material on the inner surface of the cylinder, coupled with a hemispherical mirror and a digital camera at the two ends. After training, the deep learning model is used for image-to-dose conversion to provide absolute dose prediction at multiple depths of a specific water phantom from a single CRIS image under the assumption of a good consistency between the TPS setting and actual beam energy. The model was trained using a set of captured radioluminescence images and the corresponding dose maps from the clinical treatment planning system (TPS) for the sake of acceptable data collection. To overcome the latent error and inconsistency that exists between the TPS calculation and the corresponding measurement, the model was trained in an unsupervised manner. Validation experiments were performed on five square fields (ranging from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2 ), and three clinical IMRT cases. The results were compared to the TPS calculations in terms of gamma index at 1.5 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm depths. Results The mean 2% / 2mm gamma pass rates were 100% for square fields and 97.2% (range from 95.5% to 99.5%) for the IMRT fields. Further validations were performed by comparing the CRIS results with measurements on various regular fields. The results show a mean gamma pass rate of 91% (1% / 1mm) for cross-profiles and a mean percentage deviation of 1.15% for percentage depth doses (PDDs). Conclusions The system is capable of converting the irradiated radioluminescence image to corresponding water-based dose maps at multiple depths with a spatial resolution comparable to the TPS calculations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Recent warming reverses forty-year decline in catastrophic lake drainage and hastens gradual lake drainage across northern Alaska

Abstract Lakes represent as much as ∼25% of the total land surface area in lowland permafrost regions. Though decreasing lake area has become a widespread phenomenon in permafrost regions, our ability to forecast future patterns of lake drainage spanning gradients of space and time remain limited. Here, we modeled the drivers of gradual (steady declining lake area) and catastrophic (temporally abrupt decrease in lake area) lake drainage using 45 years of Landsat observations (i.e. 1975–2019) across 32 690 lakes spanning climate and environmental gradients across northern Alaska. We mapped lake area using supervised support vector machine classifiers and object based image analyses using five-year Landsat image composites spanning 388 968 km2. Drivers of lake drainage were determined with boosted regression tree models, using both static (e.g. lake morphology, proximity to drainage gradient) and dynamic predictor variables (e.g. temperature, precipitation, wildfire). Over the past 45 years, gradual drainage decreased lake area between 10% and 16%, but rates varied over time as the 1990s recorded the highest rates of gradual lake area losses associated with warm periods. Interestingly, the number of catastrophically drained lakes progressively decreased at a rate of ∼37% decade−1from 1975–1979 (102–273 lakes draining year−1) to 2010–2014 (3–8 lakes draining year−1). However this 40 year negative trend was reversed during the most recent time-period (2015–2019), with observations of catastrophic drainage among the highest on record (i.e. 100–250 lakes draining year−1), the majority of which occurred in northwestern Alaska. Gradual drainage processes were driven by lake morphology, summer air and lake temperature, snow cover, active layer depth, and the thermokarst lake settlement index (R2adj= 0.42, CV = 0.35,pR2adj= 0.75, CV = 0.67,p
Validation of the Principal’s Computer Technology Survey

The purpose of this study was to provide a more in-depth analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the Principal's Computer Technology Survey (PCTS). The PCTS developmental process yielded a 40-item survey with groups of items comprising five subscales (i.e., curriculum integration, perceptions, acquired expertise, needs assessment, and professional development). Principals' responses to items within the five subscales was measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). An expert panel reviewed the instrument plus exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. This analysis resulted in a restructured instrument with seven subscales instead of the five hypothesized subscales and four fewer items. Measurement invariance of the instrument was found for gender and race. Cronbach's alpha for the 36 items was .94 and subscale Cronbach's alpha ranged from .78 to .90.
Stimulus-response PBD: demonstrating “when” as well as “what”

Publisher Summary A client hires a programmer to show how he wants the proposed application to behave. Using a graphics editor, scratch paper, or even a dinner napkin, the client sketches the proposed interface and then walks the programmer through its behaviors, first playing the role of the end user and showing what actions he can take, and then playing the role of the system and showing how it will respond to a particular stimulus. Many programming-by-demonstration (PBD) systems elaborate on the idea of macro recording, and they allow users to extend existing applications. Few, however, allow new interfaces to be created from scratch because they do not provide a means of demonstrating when a recorded macro should be invoked. This chapter discusses stimulus–response systems that allow both the when (stimulus/event) and the what (response macro) to be demonstrated.
A Model-Based Automated Diagnosis Algorithm

The explosive growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has made management tasks such as configuration, monitoring, diagnosis, and fault correction much more complicated. An automated management system is highly needed to alleviate those tasks of system managers. Some tools use Case-Based Reasoning or Rule-Based Reasoning to pinpoint faults. However, they have difficulties in solving problems requiring deep level knowledge. Although some Model-Based diagnostic systems have been developed, they are mainly used to tackle problems in other domains. In this paper, a goal-driven model-based automated diagnosis algorithm is proposed.
Methods for the isolation and characterization of constituents of natural products. II: Separation of homologous series of esters of pyruvic acid 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone by thin-layer chromatography

Abstract Esters of homologous series of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols with pyruvic acid 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone have been separated by thin-layer partition chromatography. The C1 through C11 primary, the C3 through C11 secondary and the C4 through the C8 tertiary alcohol derivatives are separated in the normal partition system employing polyethylene glycol as the stationary phase and hexane: benzene as the mobile phase. The C12 through C19 primary and secondary alcohol derivatives are separated by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography using mineral oil as the stationary phase and acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. Micro-Cel T-38 is used as the support in both systems. Approximately 1.0 × 10−4μmoles of an ester can be detected on the plate when exposed to diethylamine vapor.
Incorporation of Middleware and Grid Technologies to Enhance Usability in Computational Chemistry Applications

High performance computing, storage, visualization, and database infrastructures are increasing in complexity as research moves towards grid-based computing, often pushing breakthrough computational capabilities beyond the reach of scientists due to the time needed to harness the infrastructure. Hiding the underlying complexity of networked resources becomes essential if scientists are to utilize these resources in a time-effective manner. There are a myriad of solutions that have been proposed, ranging from underlying grid glue, to fully integrated problem solving environments. In this work, we discuss a workflow management system that is fully integrated with emerging grid standards but can be dynamically reconfigured. Through defined XML schema to describe both resources and application codes and interfaces, careful implementation with emerging grid standards and user-friendly interfaces, a “pluggable” event-driven model is created where grid-enabled services can be composed to form more elaborate pipelines of information processing, simulation, and visual analysis.
The roles of active site hydrogen bonding in cytochrome P-450cam as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.

The role of the active site hydrogen bond of cytochrome P-450cam has been studied utilizing a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and substrate analogues with altered hydrogen bonding capabilities. Cytochrome P-450cam normally catalyzes the regiospecific hydroxylation of the monoterpene camphor. The x-ray crystal structure of this soluble bacterial cytochrome P-450 (Poulos, T. L., Finzel, B. C., Gunsalus, I. C., Wagner, G. C., and Kraut, J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16122-16128) indicates a specific hydrogen bond between tyrosine 96 and the carbonyl moiety of the camphor substrate. The site-directed mutant in which tyrosine 96 has been changed to a phenylalanine and the substrate analogues thiocamphor and camphane have been used to probe this interaction in several aspects of catalysis. At room temperature, both the mutant enzyme with camphor and the wild type enzyme with thiocamphor bound result in 59 and 65% high-spin ferric enzyme as compared to the 95% high spin population obtained with native enzyme and camphor as substrate. The equilibrium dissociation constant is moderately increased, from 1.6 microM for the wild type protein to 3.0 and 3.3 microM for wild type-thiocamphor and mutant-camphor complexes, respectively. Camphane bound to cytochrome P-450cam exhibits a larger decrease in high spin fraction (45%) and a correspondingly larger KD (46 microM), suggesting that the carbonyl moiety of camphor plays an important steric role in addition to its interaction as a hydrogen bond acceptor. The absolute regioselectivity of the mutant enzyme, and of the wild type enzyme with thiocamphor, is lost resulting in production of several hydroxylated products in addition to the 5-exo-hydroxy isomer. Based on rates of NADH oxidation, comparison of the substrate specificity for these systems (kcat/KD) indicates a 5- and 7-fold decrease in specificity for the mutant enzyme and thiocamphor-wild type complex, respectively. The replacement of the cytochrome P-450cam active site tyrosine with phenylalanine does not affect the branching ratio of monooxygenase versus oxidase chemistry or peroxygenase activity (Atkins, W.M., and Sligar, S.G. (1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3754-3760).