cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug resistance analysis of 337 smear-positive tuberculosis patients

Objective To analyze the drug resistance of the initial treatment and retreatment pulmonary TB patients registered in Handan,provide the reference for clinical and control of tuberculosis. Methods Culture positive and identify strain for the sputums of 337 smear-positive tuberculosis patients registered in Handan during 2013,test the resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis for anti-isoniazid( H),rifampicin( R),streptomycin( S) and ethambutol( E) with proportion methods,and analyze the drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results The total resistance rate was 30. 56%,the MDR rate was 14. 84% in 337 smear-positive tuberculosis patients infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The total resistance rate and the MDR rate in retreatment group was higher than that in initial treatment group( P 0. 01). The drug resistance frequency of 4 kinds of anti-tuberculosis was respectively H( 42. 73%), S( 35. 31%), R( 28. 49%),E( 21. 66%) in descending order. The resistance rate for 4 kinds of anti-TB drugs was lower in initial treatment group than that in retreatment group( P 0. 01). Conclusions The incidence rate of resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients in Handan was high,effective measures need to be taken for detection and prevention of drug-resistant TB.
Ictal water-seeking in nondominant temporal lobe seizures

A 40-year-old woman with complex partial seizures and right hippocampal atrophy (figure, A and B) had persistent seizures after epilepsy surgery. One of her seizures is shown in the video on the Neurology ® Web site at [Neurology.org][1]. She pushes the event button during the aura (rising epigastric sensation), rubs her mouth, reaches for water, and holds onto it through the seizure. Acknowledgment: The authors acknowledge the help of Ms. Sheila Jackson in obtaining the video and the EEG from the system. [1]: http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002662
The regulation of osteogenic differentiation by BMP2 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and the crosstalk between them

The osteogenic differentiation process in mesenchymal stem cells and other lineages that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts,is regulated by several signal transduction pathways and the dynamic regulatory networks consisted of them. In this process,more and more attention has been paid to the role of BMP2 signaling pathway and canonical Wnt signaling pathway.Previous studies have shown that BMP2 and canonical Wnt signaling pathway can regulate the osteogenic differentiation process in target cells,during which the expression level and functional activity of key molecules in one signaling pathway are regulated by the other. Moreover,they also exhibit cooperative or antagonize interaction on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation biomarkers.This paper briefly summarizes the role of BMP2 and canonical Wnt signaling pathway in regulating osteogenic differentiation and the crosstalk between the two signaling pathways in this process.
A Free Routing Schedule Suitable for PLC Communication on Cable Ring

In the city distribution network,distribution automation has very high requirement for communication.The use of PLC communication technology can effectively meet the needs of data transmission,and significantly save communication infrastructure costs.Through the study on the PLC link of cable ring,PLC free routing schedule can make use of the characteristics of 10 kV cable ring structure to achieve the PLC automatic route switch and to effectively improve the reliability of PLC communication for distribution network,while co-operating with the distribution automation platform and the PLC communications management system.The field tests on the 10 kV distribution network prove that the PLC free routing schedule is able to provide a stable communication support for distribution automation.
Small intestine transplantation: a nursing perspective.

Intestinal transplantation has become a viable treatment modality for the patient with short gut syndrome (SGS). Before transplant, most of these patients have undergone multiple surgical procedures which successively remove all or parts of the small intestine. Their survival depends upon the use of parenteral nutrition and the high risk of liver failure associated with it. Encouraging results at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center demonstrate that the quality of life for many patients with SGS is significantly improved with intestinal transplantation. Benefits include discontinuance of intravenous nutrition and enjoyment of an unrestricted oral diet. Indication for transplantation, preoperative and postoperative assessment, nursing considerations, and the operative procedure are thoroughly detailed.
HIV-1 burden as a marker of disease progression and clinical response to therapy in AIDS

This article reviews the pathogenetic significance of changes in virus infection of HIV-1. Virus burden and disease progression are discussed, as well as responses to therapy and implications for clinical trial design and clinical management.
A Bayesian Model for Integrating Multiple Sources of Lifetime Information

We present a Bayesian model for assessing the reliability of multicomponent systems. Novel features of this model are the natural manner in which lifetime data collected at either the component, subsystem, or system level are integrated with prior information at any level. The model allows pooling of information between similar components, the incorporation of expert opinion, and straightforward handling of censored data. The methodology is illustrated with two examples.
Practising Martial Arts Versus Studying Martial Arts

AbstractThere is often a perceived conflict between practising martial arts and the academic study of martial arts. Those who practise it do not need to know the history of martial arts, and those who study it do not need the physical practice to inform their research. This paper argues that practitioners will improve their practice by study, in particular, they will gain a demystified sense of the origins of martial arts. The construction of traditional martial arts is the result of the East Asian reaction to Western imperialism and modernity. Moreover, this category developed in direct response to the introduction of modern sports into Asia. Critical to this modern creation was the development of styles of martial arts, where before there were scattered and disparate schools. Styles suggested greater national unity and cultural coherence than schools, thus aiding the building of modern nation states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Bcr-Abl Represses IRF8 Gene Transcription in a Stat5-Dependent Manner

Abstract 3497 The interferon consensus sequence binding protein is a member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors (referred to as Icsbp or Irf8). The first described functions for Icsbp involved regulation of phagocyte and B-cell effector genes, including genes encoding components of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase, Toll-like receptors and interleukin receptors. However, subsequent studies in murine models and human disease indicated that Icsbp also functions as a myeloid leukemia suppressor. For example, decreased Icsbp expression is found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in association with uncontrolled disease, drug resistance and progression to blast crisis (BC). Decreased Icsbp expression is also found in the bone marrow of subjects with some subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Consistent with this clinical correlative data, IRF8 −/− mice exhibit a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is similar to CML and progresses to BC over time. However, the mechanism for decreased Icsbp expression in leukemia is not known, although preliminary studies indicate that DNA-methylation of the IRF8 locus is not altered. Therefore, in these studies, we investigate the effects of Bcr-abl on IRF8 transcription. This is clinically relevant, because previous studies in our laboratory identified a set of Icsbp-target-genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of CML. We find that Bcr-abl decreases expression of Icsbp mRNA and protein in a kinase dependent manner. Since it is unlikely that Bcr-abl directly binds to the promoter to regulate gene transcription, we hypothesized that Bcr-abl regulates IRF8 through an intermediary transcription factor. In this study, we determine that Stat5 negatively regulates IRF8 transcription through a proximal promoter cis-element. We also find that Stat5 repression activity is necessary for Bcr-abl dependent regulation of IRF8 . Bcr-abl is known to phosphorylate and activate Stat5 in CML. In our studies, we find that Stat5 protein (but not mRNA) is also increased in Bcr-abl+ cells. Stat5 is a known substrate for calpain; a serine protease. We previously demonstrated that Icsbp regulates calpain protease activity through repression of the gene encoding Gas2; an endogenous calpain inhibitor. Consistent with this, our current studies demonstrate that Stat5 protein stability is increased in Bcr-abl+ cells in an Icsbp/Gas2/calpain-dependent manner. These results identify novel mechanisms by which Bcr-abl-kinase activity controls a positive feedback loop that leads to decreased Icsbp expression and stabilization of Stat5 protein. These studies suggest that targeting Gas2/calpain might be a novel therapeutic approach to CML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Teaching pathways in the academy: A narrative study of engineering faculty at institutions with varying teaching and research activity

Graduate school is most commonly viewed as the entryway and the main site for socialization in the academic career of a faculty member. While faculty positions can vary widely by institution type, most graduate students are prepared for future academic positions during time spent at doctoral universities with very high research activity. However, the experiences of engineering faculty beginning their careers at institutions with varying teaching and research activity, i.e. institutions other than doctoral universities with very high research activity, remain understudied. The research project described in this work-in-progress paper details the plans to accomplish the following research objective: to document and describe the narrative accounts of the academic pathways and the teaching conceptions and methods of engineering assistant professors at institutions with varying teaching and research activity. This paper details the motivation, relevant literature, and methodological approach to a narrative research study that will specifically address two overarching research questions: 1) how do faculty experience the transition from graduate school and other previous educational and/or work experiences to their current faculty position?, and 2) how do faculty describe their current teaching conceptions and methods? In this paper, I summarize key decisions made while crafting my research proposal, including rationale for choosing narrative analysis and various validity considerations. I conclude with a discussion about potential implications of my work, including the creation of “inanimate more competent others” to assist graduate students making decisions about their academic pathways.
The French Prosecutor as Judge. The Carpenter’s Mistake?

In France as elsewhere, prosecutors and their offices are seldom seen as agents of democracy. A distinct theoretical framework is itself missing to conceptualize the prosecutorial function in democratic states committed to the rule of law. What makes prosecutors democratically legitimate? Can they be made accountable to the public? Combining democratic theory with original qualitative empirical data, my hypothesis is that in the French context, prosecutors’ professional status and identity as judges determines to a great extent whether and how they can be considered democratic figures. The French judicial function is defined more broadly than in the United States, encompassing two types of “magistrats”: prosecutors and judges. Technically, prosecutors are judges, having attended the same national school for the judiciary, enjoying the same civil servant status, and being able to transfer back and forth throughout their career between judgeships and prosecutorial posts. As members of the judiciary, they share in a number of characteristics of the French bench but they enjoy far less autonomy than judges because of the pervasive role of the executive in their transfers and promotions as well as governmental interventions in prosecutorial decisions. The chapter suggests that despite these differences, prosecutors’ professional identity as judges may protect their independence.
Applying Collaborative Learning and Quality Improvement to Public Health: Lessons from the Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network (CoIIN) to Reduce Infant Mortality

Infant mortality remains a significant public health problem in the U.S. The Collaborative Improvement & Innovation Network (CoIIN) model is an innovative approach, using the science of quality improvement and collaborative learning, which was applied across 13 Southern states in Public Health Regions IV and VI to reduce infant mortality and improve birth outcomes. We provide an in-depth discussion of the history, development, implementation, and adaptation of the model based on the experience of the original CoIIN organizers and participants. In addition to the political genesis and functional components of the initiative, 8 key lessons related to staffing, planning, and implementing future CoIINs are described in detail. This paper reports the findings from a process evaluation of the model. Data on the states’ progress toward reducing infant mortality and improving birth outcomes were collected through a survey in the final months of a 24-month implementation period, as well as through ongoing team communications. The peer-to-peer exchange and platform for collaborative learning, as well as the sharing of data across the states, were major strengths and form the foundation for future CoIIN efforts. A lasting legacy of the initiative is the unique application and sharing of provisional “real time” data to inform “real time” decision-making. The CoIIN model of collaborative learning, QI, and innovation offers a promising approach to strengthening partnerships within and across states, bolstering data systems to inform and track progress more rapidly, and ultimately accelerating improvement toward healthier communities, States, and the Nation as a whole.
IODNE: An integrated optimization method for identifying the deregulated subnetwork for precision medicine in cancer

Subnetwork analysis can explore complex patterns of entire molecular pathways for the purpose of drug target identification. In this article, the gene expression profiles of a cohort of patients with breast cancer are integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using, simultaneously, both edge scoring and node scoring. A novel optimization algorithm, integrated optimization method to identify deregulated subnetwork (IODNE), is developed to search for the optimal dysregulated subnetwork of the merged gene and protein network. IODNE is applied to select subnetworks for Luminal-A breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. A large fraction of cancer-related genes and the well-known clinical targets, ER1/PR and HER2, are found by IODNE. This validates the utility of IODNE. When applying IODNE to the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype data, we identified subnetworks that contain genes such as ERBB2, HRAS, PGR, CAD, POLE, and SLC2A1.
Property Crime in Disaster

Property Crime in Disaster. Disaster sociologists have long claimed that looting in disasters is a rarity. In this chapter, we investigate this claim by examining burglary after a number of disasters. In our examination, we utilize methodological techniques that are more typical of criminology. We find that in contrast to disaster sociologists’ claims, burglary rates increase after disaster in certain circumstances, including when the affected area has poor socioeconomic conditions prior to the disaster’s impact and when formal and informal guardianship are absent in the aftermath. We contend that social disorganization, routine activity, and general strain theories are useful in understanding disaster burglary, and we provide prescriptions for prevention that are rooted in these theories.
The Latino Integrative Medical Group Visit as a Model for Pain Reduction in Underserved Spanish Speakers.

Abstract Objectives: Chronic pain is a common problem in the United States, one for which there is a dearth of effective treatments. Nonpharmacological options are a promising alternative, especially for Spanish-speaking Latinos. This pilot study would like to assess the feasibility of an adapted Integrative Medical Group Visit (IMGV) curriculum for a Spanish-speaking Latino chronic pain population. Design and Intervention: We translated and adapted the curriculum of the IMGV for a Spanish-speaking Latino chronic pain population. We then tested the feasibility of using this model with two pilot groups (N = 19) using a pre–postdesign. Subjects: This intervention was targeted for underserved Spanish-speaking Latino patients with chronic pain. Settings/Location: This study took place at a safety net academic teaching hospital, the Boston Medical Center, and at a community health center located in a majority Latino neighborhood, the East Boston Neighborhood Health Clinic. Outcome measures: We used the validat...
Abstract 20108: A Newly Identified Interaction Between Desmoplakin and COP9 Signalsome Subunit 6 Reveals a New Mechanism Underlying Sudden Death

Arrrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic based cardiomyopathy, characterized by ventricular dysfunction, fibrofatty replacement of the ventricle and ventricular arrhythm...
Peripheral and orofacial pain sensation is unaffected by the loss of p39.

Abstract Cdk5 is a key neuronal kinase necessary for proper brain development, which has recently been implicated in modulating nociception. Conditional deletion of Cdk5 in pain-sensing neurons attenuates pain responses to heat in both the periphery and orofacial regions. Cdk5 activity is regulated by binding to the activators p35 and p39, both of which possess a cyclin box. Our previous examination of the nociceptive role of the well-characterized Cdk5 activator p35 using mice that either lack or overexpress this regulatory subunit demonstrated that Cdk5/p35 activity affects mechanical, chemical, and thermal nociception. In contrast, the nociceptive role of Cdk5’s other less-studied activator p39 is unknown. Here, we report that the knockout of p39 in mice did not affect orofacial and peripheral nociception. The lack of any algesic response to nociceptive stimuli in the p39 knockout mice contrasts with the hypoalgesic effects that result from the deletion of p35. Our data demonstrate different and nonoverlapping roles of Cdk5 activators in the regulation of orofacial as well as peripheral nociception with a crucial role for Cdk5/p35 in pain signaling.
Quality Changes in Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Caviar (ikura) Affected by Thermal Pasteurization, Storage Time, and Packaging Material

ABSTRACTChanges in quality parameters including pH, water activity, texture, and lipid oxidation were studied in pasteurized chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) ikura samples packaged using two films w...
Marken- und Unternehmenswert im B-to-B-Bereich – Existenz und Ansatzpunkte zur Optimierung

Marken sind immaterielle Vermogenswerte und zahlen als solche zu den Werttreibern des 21. Jahrhunderts. Insofern verwundert es, dass Marken im B‐to‐B‐Bereich bislang ein Schattendasein fuhren. Jungere Studien zeigen, dass die Funktionen, die Marken generell erfullen sollen – Informationseffizienz, Risikoreduktion und Nutzenstiftung – auch fur B‐to‐B‐Markte gelten. Das aktive Management von Marken aber steckt in den Kinderschuhen. Ineffizienzen der Ressourcen‐Allokation und suboptimale Entscheidungen im Hinblick auf die Wertschopfung und den Unternehmenswert konnen die Folge sein. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es aufzuzeigen, wie das aktive Management und die Steuerung von Marken im B‐to‐B‐Bereich in die Gesamtsteuerung des Unternehmens integriert werden und so zum nachhaltigen Unternehmenserfolg beitragen konnen.
Estimation of Organ and Tissue Donor Pool from Multiple Cause of Death Statistics

There is considerable uncertainty as to the size of the potential pool of donors for transplantation of organs and tissues, and the need to review the size of the pool is predicated on three factors: (1) the current shortage of kidney donors, (2) the growth in number of other transplants being performed in the United States, and (3) the low proportion of potential donors actually harvested.
MRA of the Pulmonary Circulation

In the appropriate patient population, all relevant disease entities of the pulmonary vasculature can be evaluated using 3D CE-MRA, sometimes more comprehensively than with any other single modality. The addition of time-resolved MRA is appropriate for assessing high-flow vascular lesions, shunts and congenital heart anomalies. Parallel imaging and multi-element coil technology can further improve the performance of 3D CE-MRA in order to achieve higher temporal and spatial resolution and the role of 3-T imaging remains to be fully defined.
The Basic Counting Units

This chapter discusses the counting unit that must be used in any attempt to quantify the abundances of taxa within a given faunal. There are many measures that can be derived from a set of identified specimens. They can be transformed into minimum numbers of individuals, they can be weighed, they can be used to estimate the size of the death population, they can be transformed into animal weights, and so on. However, all of these measures start with the identified specimen. For many years, the number of identified specimens (NISP) per taxon was used as the standard measure of taxonomic abundance within archaeological faunas. Bones from a given fauna were identified, numbers of identified specimens per taxon determined, and the NISP values themselves used to examine changing taxonomic frequencies through time and across space. Excavated by Dorothea Garrod during the late 1920s and early 1930s, these sites provided human bones and artifacts from late Pleistocene deposits that continue to play a major role in the interpretation of human biological and cultural history. The sites also provided large collections of vertebrate faunal remains.
Rejuvenation of aged neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) by exposure to a young systemic environment

Age-related loss of muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is a significant problem that has serious implications for quality of life in the elderly. Although the precise mechanism of ...
Early experience with the Intrepid system for transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Severe mitral regurgitation is common and results in a poor prognosis in patients with either symptoms or severe ventricular dilatation. While mitral regurgitation has traditionally necessitated surgical repair or replacement, new transcatheter methods, such as the IntrepidTM transcatheter mitral valve replacement, has recently emerged. The Intrepid system is a circular, self-expanding, tri-leaflet bovine pericardial prosthesis housed within a nitinol frame. In early feasibility studies, the Intrepid prosthesis has been found to be effective for relief of mitral regurgitation and associated with functional improvement in the majority of survivors.
Mindfulness as a Construct in Urban Dwelling Minority Fifth Graders: Psychometric Properties of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)

The operationalization and conceptualization of mindfulness into Westernized societies have shown certain challenges. Additional attention is needed to demonstrate the ways in which mindfulness is ...
Cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, and body fat, but not dietary inflammatory index, are related to C-reactive protein in cancer survivors:

Background:The control of chronic inflammation has emerged as a target for improving the health of cancer survivors (CS).Aim:To examine differences in fitness and dietary characteristics of CS when...
Benefits of Yoga on IL-6: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga for Depression.

AbstractThe present research sought to examine whether hatha yoga, implemented as an adjunctive intervention for major depression, influences markers of inflammation. A subset of 84 participants wh...
Study of electro-mechanical interaction in micro gas turbine engine generator system for more electric applications

There have been umpteen efforts in the past to convert an automotive turbocharger, consisting of a compressor and a turbine mounted on the same shaft, into a miniaturized gas turbine engine or micro gas turbine engine (mGTE). This paper presents the development of turbocharger based mGTE and its integration with an electrical power pack. This mGTE is used for validating the concept of electro-mechanical interaction of these systems leading to electric power generation. The selection and sizing of the turbocharger center housing rotating assembly for the engine is carried out considering a wide range of industrial/consumer applications. All static parts including combustor have been designed and developed in view of the potential applications. The fuel-air mixture when burnt in the combustor expands across the turbine and exits through the exhaust nozzle to produce thrust. The energy in the exhaust gas is utilized for running the power turbine which in-turn is connected to an alternating current (AC) generator to produce electric power. A generator control unit that built in the alternator was used for voltage regulation. A control architecture has been designed to moderate the mGTE exhaust gas bypass valve in case of over-speeding of the alternator. Also, a resistor based variable load bank was designed to demonstrate generator performance. The system can be made to run on multiple fuels (for example, bio-gas, diesel or kerosene) with small changes to the combustion chamber. Few potential applications of the mGTE integrated power generator include decentralized power generation (microgrid), combined heating and cooling and laboratory platform for universities. The technology and system architecture developed for mGTE can be leveraged for applications such as Urban Air Mobility (UAM) electric propulsion.
Evaluating Novel PET-CT Functional Parameters TLG and TMTV in Differentiating Low-grade Versus Grade 3A Follicular Lymphoma.

Abstract Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) grading, low-grade 1-2 (LG) versus grade 3A (3A), informs management. However, accurate grading is challenging owing to disease heterogeneity and inter-reader variability. The [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) parameter maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) has utility in differentiating LG from 3A FL, but the utility of novel parameters total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) is unknown. Patients and Methods Retrospective review of diagnostic pre-treatment PET-CTs of patients aged > 18 years with FL grades 1-3A from 2009-2017 was performed. PET-CT parameters SUVmax, TLG, and TMTV values were generated using manual (MW) and semi-automated workflows (SW). Poisson regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare PET-CT parameters between LG and 3A. Results A total of 49 patients with FL were identified: 38 LG and 11 3A. PET-CT parameters were significantly higher in 3A as compared with LG in both workflows. The cutoff values, sensitivities, and specificities were as follows: SUVmax: 10.4, 64%, and 74% in MW and 11.9, 73%, and 76% in SW; TLG: 543, 82%, and 74% in MW and 371, 73%, and 74% in SW; and TMTV: 141, 73%, and 76% in MW and 93, 64%, and 76% in SW. SUVmax had identical cutoff, sensitivity, and specificity across all 3 SWs, whereas TLG and TMTV had considerable variance across all 3 SWs. Conclusions TLG and TMTV are comparable to SUVmax in differentiating LG versus 3A FL. Cutoffs, sensitivities, and specificities varied in MW versus SW. Novel PET-CT parameters serve as reproducible adjuncts but not replacements for biopsy in differentiating grades of FL.
Novel Rotary Transformer Topology With Improved Power Transfer Capability for High-Speed Applications

This article proposes a new rotary transformer topology enabling reduction of leakage inductances and significant improvement of power transfer capability compared to traditional topologies thanks to its interleaved windings and resonant compensation circuits. The proposed rotary transformer features a nonferrite rotating part made of lightweight strong nonconductive and nonmagnetic composite material and a large air gap, allowing safe operation at high rotational speeds. Hence, this novel rotary transformer can enable the adoption of wound rotor synchronous machines for electric or hybrid vehicle traction. The performance of the proposed new topology was evaluated and compared to the conventional one. Significant performance improvement was confirmed. A 10-kW proof of concept prototypes was built, and the test has validated the power transfer capability with 95.9% efficiency.
Scaling Identities: Nationalism and Territory

Guntram H. Herb and David H. Kaplan, eds., Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2017. 302 pp., maps, photos, diagrams, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $48.00 paper (ISBN 978-1-4422-6476-2...
Mock Arbitration as Experiential Legal Education for Construction Management Students

AbstractConstruction management (CM) students preparing for a career in the US construction industry require knowledge of legal concepts and construction contract law. The American Council for Cons...
Aiming AI at a moving target: health (or disease)

Justified by spectacular achievements facilitated through applied deep learning methodology (based on neural networks), the “Everything is possible” view dominates this new hour in the “boom and bust” curve of AI performance. The optimistic view collides head on with the “It is not possible”—ascertainments often originating in a skewed understanding of both AI and medicine. The meaning of the conflicting views can be assessed only by addressing the nature of medicine. Specifically: Which part of medicine, if any, can and should be entrusted to AI—now or at some moment in the future? AI or not, medicine should incorporate the anticipation perspective in providing care.
Multivariable Nonadaptive Controller Design

Although proportional-integral-derivative control remains one of the most common control schemes used in industry, its tuning still remains inadequately understood in many applications. This task becomes much more challenging when applied to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. This article presents the design of a discrete-time robust multivariable (nonadaptive) tracking controller that comes with a simple structure, requires very limited information on the plant model, and is relatively easy to tune. In addition to being easy to tune and implement, an objective of this controller is to deal with a class of large-scale systems with complex dynamics. We analytically demonstrate the robustness and convergence of the closed-loop system for a class of MIMO linear time-varying systems. The overall superiority of the proposed controller is experimentally validated on a Barrett robot arm in a laboratory environment. The article also provides a stochastic framework of the general setting of the controller. Within this framework, two minimum mean square error optimal solutions of the controller are provided; one is designed for the case where the number of inputs is not greater than the number of outputs, and the other is for the antithesis.
Analyzing the effect of weekend and July admission on patient outcomes following non-pyogenic intracranial venous thrombosis

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of weekend admission and July admission on the short-term outcome of patients following a non-pyogenic cerebral venous thrombosis. Methods Data from the National Inpatient Sample were gathered from the years 2013–2016. Patients who had a non-pyogenic cerebral venous thrombosis were identified. Admissions on the weekend were compared to those on the weekdays, as well as July admissions compared to other months. Outcome measures included inpatient mortality, length of stay, APR-DRG severity and mortality risk scores, non-routine discharges, complications, and total charges. Results We identified 1116 patients who were admitted with a non-pyogenic cerebral venous thrombosis between 2013 and 2016. Of those, 243 (21.8%) were admitted on a weekend day (Saturday/Sunday), and 873 (78.2%) were admitted on a weekday. Of the 963 patients admitted to a teaching hospital, 81 (8.4%) were admitted in July and 882 (91.6%) were admitted in other months. When analyzing the weekend effect, there were significant differences observed in patient mortality (7.4% vs 3.9%, P = 0.022, OR = 1.967), adjusted log length of stay (0.874 ± 0.567 vs 0.795 ± 0.494, P = 0.033), and the rate of sepsis (6.6% vs 3.4%, P = 0.029, OR = 1.978). The means of all other measures of outcome were elevated when comparing the weekend vs weekday. When analyzing the July effect, there were no significant differences observed for any outcome measures. Conclusions Patients admitted on the weekend with a nonpyogenic intracranial venous thrombosis have significantly worse outcomes compared to those admitted on a weekday. There were no significant differences found between patients admitted in the month of July compared to other months.
A method for predictive modeling of tumor regression for lung adaptive radiotherapy

Purpose The purpose of this work is to create a decision support methodology to predict when patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment for locally advanced lung cancer would potentially benefit from adaptive radiotherapy. The proposed methodology seeks to eliminate the manual subjective review by developing an automated statistical learning model to predict when tumor regression would trigger implementation of adaptive radiotherapy based on quantified anatomic changes observed in individual patients on-treatment cone beam computed tomographies (CTs). This proposed process seeks to improve the efficacy and efficiency of both the existing manual and automated adaptive review processes for locally advanced stage III lung cancer. Methods A predictive algorithm was developed as a decision support tool to determine the potential utility of mid-treatment adaptive radiotherapy based on anatomic changes observed on 1158 daily CBCT images across 43 patients. The anatomic changes on each axial slice within specified regions-of-interest were quantified into a single value utilizing imaging similarity criteria comparing the daily CBCT to the initial simulation CT. The range of the quantified metrics for each fraction across all axial slices are reduced to specified quantiles, which are used as the predictive input to train a logistic regression algorithm. A "ground-truth" of the need for adaptive radiotherapy based on tumor regression was evaluated systematically on each of the daily CBCTs and used as the classifier in the logistic regression algorithm. Accuracy of the predictive model was assessed utilizing both a tenfold cross validation and an independent validation dataset, with the sensitivity, specificity, and fractional accuracy compared to the ground-truth. Results The sensitivity and specificity for the individual daily fractions ranged from 87.9%-94.3% and 91.9%-98.6% for a probability threshold of 0.2-0.5, respectively. The corresponding average treatment fraction difference between the model predictions and assessed ART "ground-truth" ranged from -2.25 to -0.07 fractions, with the model predictions consistently predicting the potential need for ART earlier in the treatment course. By initially utilizing a lower probability threshold, the higher sensitivity minimizes the chance of false negative by alerting the clinician to review a higher number of questionable cases. Conclusions The proposed methodology accurately predicted the first fraction at which individual patients may benefit from ART based on quantified anatomic changes observed in the on-treatment volumetric imaging. The generalizability of the proposed method has potential to expand to additional modes of adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer patients with observed underlying anatomic changes.
Characterization of dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming a forage-based diet

As a novel oilseed crop in Florida, Brassica carinata has the capacity of producing high-quality jet biofuel, with a protein-dense meal (~40% crude protein; CP) obtained as a by-product of oil extraction. Characterization of the meal protein is limited, yet necessary for formulation of beef cattle diets; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine ruminal and postruminal digestibility of protein from B. carinata. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers (473 ± 119 kg) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, in which in situ ruminal and postruminal degradability of nutrients were evaluated. The three-step in vitro procedure was used to compare CP and amino acid (AA) degradation in B. carinata meal pellets (BCM) with that of cottonseed meal (CSM), dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). In situ bags were incubated in the rumen for 0 to 96 hr, with the undegraded supplement remaining after 16 hr subjected to serial in vitro enzymatic solutions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Ruminal rate of degradation of dry matter, organic matter, and CP was greatest (P ˂ 0.01; 10.9, 11.3, and 11.5 %/h, respectively) for SBM. Rumen degradable protein (RDP) content did not differ (P = 0.20; 47.8% and 55.1%, respectively) between CSM and DDGS, but was decreased (P ˂ 0.01) compared with SBM and BCM, which did not differ (P = 0.99; 72.3% and 71.8% RDP, respectively). Compared with DDGS, SBM had greater (P < 0.01) intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP) was greatest (P < 0.01) for CSM, with SBM and BCM having the least IADP. Total tract digestibility of CP (TTDP) was greater (P < 0.01) for SBM compared with CSM and DDGS. The contribution of RUP to intestinally absorbable AA was 7.2 and 3.1 g of lysine and methionine per kilogram of CP in BCM, respectively. The evaluation of B. carinata meal as protein supplemented for cattle consuming a forage-based diet resulted in 71.8% RDP and 97.1% TTDP, thus indicating its viability as a high-quality protein supplement for beef cattle.
Dancing pins and waving flowers: Two new demos for visualizing magnetic field lines

The usual demo to visualize magnetic field lines is to place a paper sheet over a bar magnet and sprinkle iron filings over the sheet. The filings follow the field lines to form the familiar 2D image shown in Fig. 1.
Pathological Evaluation of Pulmonary Cysts

The pathological approach to diffuse cystic lung disease (DCLD) requires recognition of a cyst, careful histological examination of the cyst wall and adjacent lung parenchyma, exclusion of cyst mimics, and correlation with clinical and radiographic information. Using this standard approach allows definitive recognition of the etiology of the cystic lesions in most cases. This chapter reviews pathological features of common and uncommon causes of DCLDs. Salient clinical and radiographical features that assist the pathologist are discussed. Finally, pathological features of the cyst mimics are explored.
Structural brain measures linked to clinical phenotypes in major depression replicate across clinical centres.

Abnormalities in brain structural measures, such as cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, are observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who also often show heterogeneous clinical features. This study seeks to identify the multivariate associations between structural phenotypes and specific clinical symptoms, a novel area of investigation. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measures were obtained using 3 T scanners for 178 unmedicated depressed patients at four academic medical centres. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were determined for the depressed patients and patients' clinical presentation was characterized by 213 item-level clinical measures, which were grouped into several large, homogeneous categories by K-means clustering. The multivariate correlations between structural and cluster-level clinical-feature measures were examined using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and confirmed with both 5-fold and leave-one-site-out cross-validation. Four broad types of clinical measures were detected based on clustering: an anxious misery composite (composed of item-level depression, anxiety, anhedonia, neuroticism and suicidality scores); positive personality traits (extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness); reported history of physical/emotional trauma; and a reported history of sexual abuse. Responses on the item-level anxious misery measures were negatively associated with cortical thickness/subcortical volumes in the limbic system and frontal lobe; reported childhood history of physical/emotional trauma and sexual abuse measures were negatively correlated with entorhinal thickness and left hippocampal volume, respectively. In contrast, the positive traits measures were positively associated with hippocampal and amygdala volumes and cortical thickness of the highly-connected precuneus and cingulate cortex. Our findings suggest that structural brain measures may reflect neurobiological mechanisms underlying MDD features.
Signatures of plutonium diversion in Molten Salt Reactor dynamics

Abstract Safeguarding a Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is an underexplored research topic. The high temperature, radiation, and corrosive nature of the fuel salt make installing and using instrumentation difficult. This study introduces a new innovative way of using the reactor’s frequency response to determine if plutonium is diverted. As a low enriched uranium fueled MSR undergoes burnup, plutonium builds up in the fuel salt and increasingly contributes to fissions. As a result, the kinetic parameters, mean neutron generation time and delayed neutron fraction, evolve with depletion. These changes are large enough to be discerned as unique patterns in the MSR system frequency response. Likewise, a specific pattern is seen if there is a removal of plutonium. Given the simplicity of establishing a frequency response of an operating MSR, this method presents a breakthrough in MSR safeguards.
Physical Evidence of Airbag Performance in a High-Speed Frontal Crash

Field data (NASS) analyses showed that 0.9 % of frontal airbags deployed in motor vehicle collisions sustained at least one type of damage. Crash investigators often need to determine whether a damaged airbag inflated in a timely manner to provide occupant protection during the crash. This study provided a comparison of physical evidence from the restraint system and the seat resulted from high-speed frontal impacts with and without airbag deployment. Evidence of an airbag deployment event was collected from a real-world vehicle crash, in which the airbag was found damaged at the scene. A sled test was conducted with an 80 km/h delta-V in an exemplar vehicle to demonstrate the occupant loading evidence on vehicle components when the airbag was absent in a crash of the same severity as the real-world crash. In the test, the load limiter was activated and provided webbing spool out until bottoming out, severe abrasions and markings occurred on the seatbelt webbing and the D-ring, and the seat bottom deformed downward. These occurrences were absent in the real-world crash, suggesting that the frontal airbag was inflated in a timely manner and absorbed occupant’s kinetic energy during the high speed frontal impact.
On Le Jan-Sznitman's stochastic approach to the Navier-Stokes equations

The stochastic approach first introduced by Le Jan and Sznitman (1997), further elaborated by Bhattacharya et al (2003), for the Navier-Stokes equations naturally faces the issue of stochastic explosion which they circumvented by an artificial coin-tossing device. Inspired by the recent works of Dascaliuc et al in 2015 and 2019, we introduce a simpler and more natural method to circumvent the stochastic explosion issue. At the same time, we relax the pointwise smallness condition on the initial data (up to a normalization) in the Fourier space which has been seen as a natural assumption for Le Jan-Sznitman's construction. The new approach makes clear some symmetry properties, which are somewhat hidden in Le Jan-Sznitman's approach, of the stochastic process underlying the construction. We use these symmetry properties to give a simple proof of the global well-posedness of the Navier-Stokes equations for small initial data in scale-critical Fourier-Besov spaces. We also obtain the pointwise convergence of the Picard's iteration associated with the Fourier-transformed Navier-Stokes equations for small initial data in scale-critical Herz spaces.
Impact of emotionally-charged images and trial order on downstream cognitive processing: An ERP study.

Abstract Theories of emotion-cognition interactions suggest that emotional valence can both facilitate or limit cognitive performance. One cause for the mixed findings may be the order (random versus non-random presentation) in which emotional stimuli are presented. To investigate the impact of stimuli order on cognitive control processing, EEG data were recorded as 130 undergraduate students (M age = 22.2, SD = 5.4; 79 female) completed a modified version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in which the cue was followed by an emotionally-valenced image (positive, negative, and neutral). Specifically, the task was designed so that valenced images were presented in either a block or random order, prior to probe presentation. We examined two event-related potentials (ERPs), the N2, which reflects aspects of cognitive control, and the late positive potential (LPP), which reflects attention allocation to emotional stimuli. We assessed the impact of emotionally oriented attention (LPP) on downstream cognitive control (N2) and how this relationship might differ for a block versus random (order of emotional image) task design. Consistent with the LPP literature, we found a main effect of image valence with the negative trials showing larger LPPs than the positive and neutral trials. For N2s, we found that the negative trials were associated with smaller N2s than both the positive and neutral trials. We observed that as LPP amplitude increased, subsequent N2 amplitude was reduced, specifically for negative trials in the random design. These results suggest an emotion-related depletion of neural cognitive resources. Lastly, we found larger N2s for the block design versus the random design. Together, these results indicate the importance of paying attention to both trial order (block versus random) and within trial stimulus sequence when designing emotion induction tasks.