cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Principles of Individual Exchange

In the previous chapters we have introduced the building blocks for the description and analysis of Edgeworthian barter processes through the medium of trade coalitions. For that purpose we introduced the primitive notions of an economic agent, an economic commodity, and a primitive (trade) coalition. In Definition 2.3.1 we completed our initial setup by introducing the notion of a coalitionally structured exchange system. Such a system is not yet a complete description of an exchange economy since an exchange mechanism is not yet incorporated completely into the description. In this chapter we investigate the simplest possible exchange system, namely that with a finite population of sovereign economic agents. Thus, we look at a system in which a finite number of economic agents are participating and assume that the collection of primitive coalitions is simply the collection of all sovereignly operating individual economic agents.
Personality preference influences medical student use of specific computer-aided instruction (CAI)

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality preference, which can be related to learning style, influences individual utilization of CAI applications developed specifically for the undergraduate medical curriculum. Personality preferences of students were obtained using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. CAI utilization for individual students was collected from entry logs for two different web-based applications (a discussion forum and a tutorial) used in the basic science course on human anatomy. Individual login data were sorted by personality preference and the data statistically analyzed by 2-way mixed ANOVA and correlation. There was a wide discrepancy in the level and pattern of student use of both CAI. Although individual use of both CAI was positively correlated irrespective of MBTI preference, students with a "Sensing" preference tended to use both CAI applications more than the "iNtuitives". Differences in the level of use of these CAI applications (i.e., higher use of discussion forum vs. a tutorial) were also found for the "Perceiving/Judging" dimension. We conclude that personality/learning preferences of individual students influence their use of CAI in the medical curriculum.
Conductivity improvement of isotropically conductive adhesives

To further increase the conductivity of isotropically conductive adhesives, short-chain dicarboxylic acids, such as malonic acid (acid M), adipic acid (acid A) and terephthalic acid (acid T), were introduced in a typical ICA formulation. By partially removing or replacing the surfactant stearic acid in silver (Ag) flakes, such dicarboxylic acids have potential to increase the conductivity of ECAs. With the addition of malonic acid and adipic acid, which only have short single-bond chain hydrocarbon between the dicarboxylic groups, the conductivity of the typical conductive adhesives were improved significantly. Terephthalic acid, however, deteriorates the conductivity due to the rigid aromatic structure in the molecule. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermomechanical study indicated the improved electrical properties with malonic and adipic acids were achieved without negatively affecting the mechanical and physical properties of ECAs.
Linewidth analysis of spin labels in liquids. II. Experimental.

This work demonstrates that homogeneous linewidths can be extracted from continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and that they quantitatively agree with the predictions of existing relaxation theory. We suggest that relaxation theory can be used to predict experimental lineshapes provided that the simulations properly include sources of broadening. We have found that the rotational correlation times for spin labels in different percentages of glycerol/water mixtures are best modeled by a power law treatment for the viscosity, similar to that for translational diffusion. The translational diffusion coefficients themselves also have a power law dependence on the viscosity for glycerol/water mixtures. The linewidths were linearly dependent upon both the oxygen and the spin label concentration. The hyperfine splittings of all nuclei were observed to decrease linearly with increasing spin label concentration, completely at odds with existing theory which predicts a quadratic dependence upon concentration. The linear dependence was independent of hyperfine splitting until the magnitude of the hyperfine splitting was less than the homogeneous linewidth.
An Approach to Unified Methodology of Combinational Switching Circuits

A methodology based on the theory of Boolean equations has been developed which permits a unified approach to the analysis and synthesis of combinational logic circuits. The type of circuits covered by the approach includes both the classical loopless combinational networks as well as those that contain closed feedback loops and thus have internally a sequential character. To that end, a general multiple-output circuit represented by a Mealy-type machine is studied using characteristic equations (functions) that describe its internal structure. It is shown how behavioral properties of the circuit are reflected through the sosutions of these equations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a multiple-output incompletely specified switching function is reaeized if a ≤ relation is satisfied between the corresponding charchteristic functions. This leads to a new unified outlook on functional decomposition as used in modular synthesis procedures. Although the building modules are allowed to be sequential circuits, it is shown under which conditions the feedback loops are redundant with respect to the realization of a given output characteristic function, and thus the existence conditions of nondegenerate combinational circuits with loops are stated.
Higher Homotopy Hopf Algebras Found: A Ten Year Retrospective

At the 1996 conference honoring Jim Stasheff in the year of his 60th birthday, I initiated the search for A ∞ -bialgebras in a talk entitled “In Search of Higher Homotopy Hopf Algebras.” The idea in that talk was to think of a DG bialgebra as some (unknown) higher homotopy structure with trivial higher order structure and apply a graded version of Gerstenhaber and Schack’s bialgebra deformation theory. Indeed, deformation cohomology, which detects some (but not all) A ∞ -bialgebra structure, motivated the definition given by S. Saneblidze and myself in 2004.
Timing margin examination using laser probing technique

A laser probing procedure has been developed to examine the timing margin of signal paths in complex CMOS devices. In the procedure, injected current at one of the logic gate's transistor drains increases the propagation delay of the logic gate. This occurs because increased current at the transistor drain decreases the rate of charge transfer between the logic gate and its output load. By use of an indirect measurement scheme, a curve depicting laser-induced propagation delay as a function of illumination is experimentally generated. This curve is then analyzed to determine whether or not the examined signal path has critical timing. >
A countermeasure to improve outage performance of interference-limited microwave radio links

A hybrid radio architecture is proposed. A performance model is presented. The associated outage performance is evaluated for a hybrid radio route which consists of a number of digital point-to-point microwave radio channels with a parallel atmospheric optical link protecting all of them against frequency-selective fading and RF interference. The numerical results show an acceptable performance can be achieved.
Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in acutely burned children with profound respiratory failure.

Abstract Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a rapidly acting selective pulmonary vasodilator that partially reverses the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: After human studies approval, we studied 11 burned children with severe ARDS in a trial of inhaled NO therapy, assessing its effect on intrapulmonary shunt as measured by the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PFR). There were 12 episodes of administration; 1 child was treated twice. Results: The children had an average age of 8.3 ± 4.8 years (mean ± SEM, range 11 months to 14 years) and average burn size of 64% ± 22%. At the time of enrollment, the PFR averaged 95 ± 50 and Murray lung score 3.1 ± 0.5. Inhaled NO was begun an average of 6.3 ± 5.5 days after injury and was administered for an average of 7.8 ± 7.2 days at an average dose of 6.7 ± 2.4 parts per million. PFR improved an average of 162% ± 214%. Eight of the 11 children (73%) survived. The 3 nonsurvivors had similar admission PFR values (100 ± 75 versus 93 ± 44, P = .089) but a significantly less favorable initial response to inhaled NO, with a percentage of improvement in PFR at 1 hour after enrollment of 7.3% ± 6.4% versus 213% ± 226% (P = .026). There were no complications related to NO administration. Conclusions: Inhaled NO can be safely administered to treat ARDS in children with acute burns and appears to improve their ventilatory management. An immediate improvement in PFR with inhaled NO may correlate with survival. (Surgery 1999;126:856-62.)
Practical considerations for high spatial and temporal resolution dynamic transmission electron microscopy.

Although recent years have seen significant advances in the spatial resolution possible in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the temporal resolution of most microscopes is limited to video rate at best. This lack of temporal resolution means that our understanding of dynamic processes in materials is extremely limited. High temporal resolution in the TEM can be achieved, however, by replacing the normal thermionic or field emission source with a photoemission source. In this case the temporal resolution is limited only by the ability to create a short pulse of photoexcited electrons in the source, and this can be as short as a few femtoseconds. The operation of the photo-emission source and the control of the subsequent pulse of electrons (containing as many as 5×107 electrons) create significant challenges for a standard microscope column that is designed to operate with a single electron in the column at any one time. In this paper, the generation and control of electron pulses in the TEM to obtain a temporal resolution <10−6 s will be described and the effect of the pulse duration and current density on the spatial resolution of the instrument will be examined. The potential of these levels of temporal and spatial resolution for the study of dynamic materials processes will also be discussed.
Fine structural correlates of vascular permeability of chromaffin cell transplants in CNS pain modulatory regions

Adrenal medullary tissue, bovine chromaffin cells, and PC12 cells were transplanted into the pain modulatory regions of the rat midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) or dorsal spinal cord. Fine structural studies of vascular permeability of these grafts revealed that in all three cases, the capillary endothelium of the graft vasculature was attenuated and fenestrated, unlike that of the surrounding host CNS tissue. The intravascular injection of the protein marker, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), enters the grafted tissue parenchyma and is found in the extracellular space of the surrounding host CNS. In contrast, control gelfoam transplants, which become vascularized, do not contain vessels with fenestrated endothelium and do not leak HRP. Since cell suspension implants do not contain endothelial cells, the vasculature of the grafts must be derived from the host. However, as their morphological characteristics are similar to those of the in situ adrenal medulla, it appears that the tissue environment of the graft influences the permeability properties of the vascular bed. The increased permeability to HRP is apparently permanent and most likely is due to the passage through endothelial cell fenestrae.
The Gas Chromatography of Selenium as the Trimethylsilyl Derivative

Abstract Selenium can be chromatographed after the formation of the trimethylsilyl derivative. The TMSi derivative was formed from the ammonium salt of selenic acid by ion exchange on a cation exchange column. The eluted species was identified by mass spectrometry as SeO2(TMSi)2
A periodic-review model with serially-correlated, inventory-level-dependent demand

Abstract It has been established that the demand rates of many consumer products are serially correlated and are dependent on the amount of inventory displayed to the customer. A periodic-review model is developed that considers both of these effects. An adaptive, base-stock policy based on the critical fractile is presented, and a solution methodology is developed. The effect of this demand pattern on the safety stock requirement is investigated.
Impermeant potential-sensitive oxonol dyes: III. The dependence of the absorption signal on membrane potential.

We have measured potential-dependent changes in the absorption of light by oxidized cholesterol bilayer lipid membranes in the presence of impermeant oxonol dyes. The magnitude of the absorption signal increased linearly with the size of potential steps over a range of 500 mV. The signal also increased when the offset voltage of the pulse train was increased from −150 to +150 mV. The data are consistent with the “on-off” mechanism proposed by E. B. George et al. (J. Membrane Biol.103:245–253, 1988) in which the probe undergoes potential-dependent movement between a binding site in the membrane and an aqueous region just off the surface of the membrane. An equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data indicates that the negatively charged oxonol chromophore senses only 5–10% of the total membrane potential difference across the membrane when it is driven into a nonpolar binding site on the membrane.
The physics and structure-property relationships of scintillator materials: effect of thermal history and chemistry on the light output of scintillating glasses

Abstract The scintillation light output of a series of silicate glasses has been determined for a fixed electron energy deposition. The glasses are cerium-doped lithium-aluminosilicates. Scintillation light output measurements were made as a function of lithium and alumina concentration and of annealing history. In this system, the cerium outer electron cloud serves as a sensitive probe of the local glass structure. From these measurements, a sensitivity matrix relating the light output to the structure is developed and presented. A conceptual model for the behavior of the light output is also presented.
Prospective Study of the Natural History of Gastrinoma in Patients with MEN1: Definition of an Aggressive and a Nonaggressive Form

The natural history of pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) in patients with MEN1 is largely unknown. Recent studies in patients with sporadic PETs show that in a subset, tumor growth is aggressive. To determine whether PETs in patients with MEN1 show similar growth behavior, we report results from a long-term prospective study of 57 patients with MEN1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. All patients had tumor imaging studies yearly, and the mean follow-up was 8 yr. Only patients with PETs 2.5 cm or larger underwent abdominal surgical exploration. Hepatic metastases occurred in 23%, and in 14% tumors demonstrated aggressive growth. Three tumor-related deaths occurred, each due to liver metastases, and in each, aggressive tumor growth was present. Overall, 4% of the study group, 23% with liver metastases and 38% with aggressive disease, died. Aggressive growth was associated with higher gastrins and larger tumors. Patients with liver metastases with aggressive growth differed from those with liver metastases without aggressive growth in age at MEN1 onset or diagnosis and primary tumor size. Survival was decreased (P = 0.0012) in patients with aggressive tumor growth compared with those with liver metastases without aggressive growth or with no liver metastases without aggressive growth. Based on these results a number of factors were identified that may be clinically useful in determining in which patients aggressive tumor growth may occur. These results demonstrate in a significant subset of patients with MEN1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, aggressive tumor growth occurs and can lead to decreased survival. The identification of prognostic factors that identify this group will be important clinically in allowing more aggressive treatment options to be instituted earlier.
An Unusual Journey for Patient Safety: The Partnership between a Level I Community Hospital and a Level III Birthing Center

on-unit analysis of communication behaviors and designed an intervention for daily interdisciplinary rounds. The environment of care group identified labor and delivery room readiness as a problem, collected data, and worked with support departments to construct a reliable system for equipment and supplies. The professional growth and development group assessed staff needs and designed an education, mentoring, and accountability program using expertise and resources from within the staff. The work of the documentation group and outcomes group is ongoing. The documentation group is evaluating elements of nursing documentation that influence perinatal outcomes, including those in the new electronic medical record. The outcomes group is identifying evaluation methods for perinatal outcomes, patient and staff satisfaction, regulatory compliance, and financial indicators.
Nelarabine: efficacy in the treatment of clinical malignancies.

Nelarabine is a nucleoside analog prodrug of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine. Nelarabine is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma whose disease has not responded to, or has relapsed after treatment with, at least two chemotherapy regimens. Nelarabine was granted Orphan Medical Product Status in Europe in June 2005, and accelerated approval by the US FDA in October 2005. The most common adverse events associated with nelarabine are neurotoxic in nature and have been dose-limiting.
Optimum Redundancy Using Loss Functions

A technique for synthesizing reliable systems using parallel redundancy at the subsystem level is described. The specification of a loss function allows the calculation of the average expected loss which can be used to determine the optimum amount of redundancy for a given application. This optimum is statistical and therefore applicable only when the mission is performed many times.
Ultrasound quantification of molecular marker concentration in large blood vessels

Ultrasound-based molecular imaging has been used in pre-clinical studies of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Current techniques involve the detection of molecularly bound microbubbles through some combination of nonlinear microbubble detection and lengthy waiting periods or low-pass interframe filtering techniques. Non-specific adhesion is typically measured using additional control microbubble injections. In addition to having prolonged protocols, current limitations include the inability to quantify molecular marker concentration in human tissue environments where attenuation and imaging path lengths are highly variable. Consequently, we developed a new modulated Acoustic Radiation Force-based imaging sequence, which can detect targeted adhesion without the requirement of separate control measurements. Results indicate that the metric extracted from the sequence (residual-to-saturation ratio, R resid ) was independent of acoustic pressures and attenuation levels (p > 0.5, n = 10). R resid exhibited a linear relationship with measured molecular marker concentration (R2 > 0.94). Consequently, the feasibility was demonstrated in vitro for quantification of molecular marker concentration in large vessel environments. Additionally, the feasibility of using the modulated ARF-based sequence to separate specific adhesion of adherent microbubbles was also demonstrated in a mouse model of inflammation in vivo.
Characteristics and outcomes of injury-related ED visits among older adults

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the epidemiology of injury among older adults treated in emergency departments (EDs) and to explore the effect of advanced age and nursing home residence on associated outcomes. Methods: A secondary data analysis of a nationally representative sample from the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey was conducted using available sampling weights and data from the US Census Bureau. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with injury outcomes, including hospitalization and receipt of potentially inappropriate medications. Results: Nearly 21 million injury-related ED patient visits were made by older adults during the study period. Nearly 10% of episodes were identified as adverse events, which increased hospitalization risk 3-fold. Potentially inappropriate medications were provided during nearly 12% of encounters. Conclusions: Injury reductions among elders could be achieved by reducing adverse events, whereas quality could be improved by reducing potentially inappropriate medication use in the ED.
EEG correlates of submovements

Numerous studies on motor control in humans and primates have suggested that the Central Nervous System (CNS) generates and controls continuous movement via discrete, elementary units of movement or submovements. While most studies are based on analysis of kinematic data, investigations of neural correlates have been lacking. To fill this gap we recorded and analyzed kinematic and high-density electroencephalographic (64-channel EEG) data from three right-handed normal adults during a reaching task that required online movement corrections. Each kinematic submovement was accompanied by stereotyped scalp maps. Furthermore, the peaks of event-related potentials (ERP) recorded at electrode C1 (over contralateral motor cortex) were time-locked to kinematic submovement peaks. These results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that the CNS generates and controls continuous movement via discrete submovements. Applications include design of quantitative outcome metrics for motor disorders of neurological origin such as stroke and Parkinson's disease.
Failure to expand influenza and tetanus toxoid memory T cells in vitro correlates with disease course in SIV infected rhesus macaques.

Abstract Marked decreases in influenza (flu) and tetanus toxoid (T.T.) antigen specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell memory responses were noted shortly after SIV infection in monkeys that go on to develop clinical disease within 18 months (normal progressor, NP) following SIV infection but not in monkeys that remain asymptomatic >3 years post SIV infection (long-term nonprogressor, LTNP). While PBMCs from NP and LTNP monkeys demonstrate both low and high avidity flu and T.T. specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell immune responses prior to SIV infection, the PBMCs from NP but not LTNP fail to generate high avidity T cell responses post SIV infection. This failure to generate high avidity T cell responses in vitro correlated with increased apoptotic cell death in PBMC cultures from NP animals. Since high avidity antigen specific CTLs have been shown to be most efficient in eliminating viral infections, the present finding has important implications for the evaluation of the level of immune reconstitution following various modalities of therapy in HIV-1 infected patients.
The Emancipation of the Language Learner.

The general trend in language education over the years has been to ascribe to language learners increasing power and responsibility for their own learning. While this is commendable, the autonomy of learners is still constrained by views of language that see learners as being mere “hosts” of another’s language. Such views restrict learners to roles as language learners who make errors not language users who innovate. This article argues for a more enlightened view of language and of learners, one inspired by a complexity theory perspective. It also proposes that such a perspective is respectful of learner agency.
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS AGENT IN HORSES

Human blood collected from two patients from Westchester County, New York with human granulocytic ehrlichia (HGE) infection was inoculated into two ponies. Inoculated ponies developed clinical signs similar to a previous report (Madigan et al., 1995). Histopathological changes involved follicular hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues. HGE DNA was detected by PCR in muscle, fascia, peritoneum, and adrenal gland after the ponies produced a high level of antibodies to HGE. We suggest that HGE may reside in poorly vascularized connective tissues, where the antibodies may have some difficulties to penetrate, resulting in persistent infection. Since HGE and E. equi cause very similar diseases in both humans and horses, they may be the same organism with minor genetic differences.
Recent Experiences of the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) GN and C Technical Discipline Team (TDT)

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC), initially formed in 2003, is an independently funded NASA Program whose dedicated team of technical experts provides objective engineering and safety assessments of critical, high risk projects. The GN&C Technical Discipline Team (TDT) is one of fifteen such discipline-focused teams within the NESC organization. The TDT membership is composed of GN&C specialists from across NASA and its partner organizations in other government agencies, industry, national laboratories, and universities. This paper will briefly define the vision, mission, and purpose of the NESC organization. The role of the GN&C TDT will then be described in detail along with an overview of how this team operates and engages in its objective engineering and safety assessments of critical NASA projects. This paper will then describe selected recent experiences, over the period 2007 to present, of the GN&C TDT in which they directly performed or supported a wide variety of NESC assessments and consultations.
A randomized study of the effect of anonymity, quasi-anonymity, and Certificates of Confidentiality on postpartum women's disclosure of sensitive information

Abstract Background Under-reporting of substance use and other sensitive information is a substantial threat to internal study validity, particularly during the perinatal period. Anonymous approaches are associated with greater disclosure but are incompatible with longitudinal follow-up. Alternative approaches include use of a U.S. Federal Certificate of Confidentiality (CoC) and quasi-anonymous methods, in which there is no link between name and data. However, the relative effect of these procedures on disclosure is unknown. This randomized study was designed to evaluate the effects of consent condition (anonymous, quasi-anonymous, CoC, and traditional confidentiality) on disclosure of sensitive information among postpartum women. Methods Participants were 200 postpartum, primarily African-American women who were randomly assigned to one of the four consent conditions and completed a brief computer-delivered assessment of alcohol and drug use, sexual risk, intimate partner violence, and emotional distress. Results Participants in the anonymous and quasi-anonymous conditions disclosed significantly more sensitive information than those in the traditional consent condition. In contrast, no advantage in overall disclosure was observed for the CoC condition. This result was largely consistent across specific content areas with the exception of emotional distress, disclosure of which was unrelated to consent condition. Conclusions Although use of a CoC has limited impact on disclosure, the quasi-anonymous method may increase disclosure to a similar extent as full anonymity. Quasi-anonymous approaches should be considered when under-reporting is likely, a context in which the disadvantages of this approach must be balanced against its advantages.
Incorporation of Fukushima Lessons Learned Into Small Modular Light Water Reactor Functional Requirements

This paper describes the EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) project to enable the incorporation of Fukushima Lessons Learned into new Advanced Light Water Reactor (ALWR) nuclear plant designs and projects. This includes large scale plants and Small Modular Reactors (SMR).EPRI, working with the bulk of the US nuclear industry, compiled the Utility Requirements Document (URD) for new passive and evolutionary ALWRs. The ∼3,400 pages of functional design and project requirements in the URD became one of the bases documents for the current AP1000, ESBWR and EPR designs. The URD was and is a declaration of requirements of Owners/Operators for any new nuclear plant they might purchase. The 2013 revision 12 of the URD incorporated specific design and project requirements that are directly linked to industry summary conclusions and recommendations concerning the Fukushima event. During 2013 and 2014, EPRI, with assistance from the Department of Energy (DOE), is developing the URD requirements for selected SMRs.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Presenilin-Dependent Receptor Processing Is Required for Axon Guidance

SUMMARY The Alzheimer’s disease-linked gene presenilin is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloidbprecursor protein, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration that is characterized by loss of neuronal connections, but the role of Presenilin in establishing neuronal connections is less clear. Through a forward genetic screen in mice for recessive genes affecting motor neurons, we identified the Columbus allele, which disrupts motor axon projections from the spinal cord. We mapped this mutation to the Presenilin-1 gene. Motor neurons and commissural interneurons in Columbus mutants lacking Presenilin-1 acquire an inappropriate attraction to Netrin produced by the floor plate because of anaccumulationof DCC receptor fragments within the membrane that are insensitive to Slit/Robo silencing. Our findings reveal that Presenilin-dependent DCC receptor processing coordinates the interplay between Netrin/DCC and Slit/Robo signaling. Thus, Presenilin is a key neural circuit builder that gates the spatiotemporal pattern of guidance signaling, thereby ensuring neural projections occur with high fidelity.
Normative early head growth in very-low-birth-weight infants

Normative head growth curves were developed from serial weekly measurementsof head circumference in 50 infants with birth weights
Sirolimus induced granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis

Abstract Objectives Report a case of sirolimus induced granulomatous pneumonitis. Background Sirolimus is used in clinical transplantation as an immunosuppressive agent. Pulmonary toxicity does occur, but only a few cases of sirolimus associated granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis have been reported. Methods Case report and literature review. Results This 53-year-old woman with ESRD from polycystic kidney disease status post deceased donor kidney transplantation presented with fever, progressive dyspnea, and hypoxia for two weeks. She had been switched to sirolimus two months before admission. A CT scan of the chest revealed bilateral ill-defined patchy ground glass opacities. Extensive investigations were negative for infection. Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy showed granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis. Her symptoms and infiltrates resolved after sirolimus discontinuation and corticosteroid treatment. Conclusions Drugs induced pneumonitis should always be considered in transplant patients after infectious or other etiologies have been excluded. Sirolimus can cause granulomatous infiltrates in the lung possibly secondary to T-cell mediated hypersensitivity.
Recent Advances In Electromagnetic Synthesis And Analysis Of Dual-Shaped Reflector Antennas

Dual-shaped reflectors have been used for many years. Thus, these reflectors have been used as high gain antennas on Voyagers 1 and 2. The objectives of the geometrical optics (GO) dual shaped synthesis are considered. Concerning the synthesis of dual shaped reflectors, it has been shown for circular symmetric reflectors that an exact GO solution can be found to the problem of transforming, by two reflections, any feed pattern into any aperture distribution. This problem involves solving two simultaneous nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The same approach for offset geometry leads to two simultaneous nonlinear partial differential equations. It is shown that these equations could also be integrated numerically, except that in general these equations are not total and therefore, in general, they do not have a 'smooth' solution. It is further shown that the offset partial differentials often very nearly form a total differential in many cases of practical importance.
Determinants of transstenotic gradients observed during angioplasty: An experimental model

Pressure gradient measurement across a stenosis is used during angioplasty to aid catheter positioning and estimate dilatation efficacy. The angioplasty catheter itself, however, further reduces lumen size, and therefore augments the transstenotic gradient. To more precisely define the catheter influence on gradient, we derived a theoretical expression relating the measured gradient with the angioplasty catheter in situ to the "true" gradient; that is, the gradient in the absence of the angioplasty catheter. We then tested this theoretical construct in a canine femoral artery angioplasty model. Fifty-four measurements were performed using 23 separate, 3-mm-long, 40 to 70% stenoses. As predicted by the theoretic model, "true" gradient is compounded by the angioplasty catheter principally as a function of the angioplasty catheter diameter (Dc) and the stenosis diameter (Ds). The best-fit curve of data points relating "true" and compounded gradients to various Dc and Ds combinations can be expressed as: Measured gradient = K X true gradient, where K = 0.25 (e)4.47 (Dc divided by Ds) and e = 2.718. Thus, the transstenotic gradient measured at angioplasty overestimates "true" resting gradient in a predictable manner, which is dependent on the ratio of Dc to Ds.
An analysis of stress wave propagation in slender bars using a discrete particle approach

Abstract In this paper, a discrete particle approach is developed for the quantitative analysis of stress wave propagation in metal bars. Though linear forces are emphasized, nonlinear forces are also considered. Cylindrical, tapered, homogeneous, and nonhomogeneous bars are studied. Computer results show most favourable agreement with available theoretical and experimental results.
Upgrade of the CMS Hadron Outer Calorimeter with SIPMs

Abstract The CMS Hadron Outer Calorimeter (HO) is undergoing an upgrade to replace the existing hybrid photodetectors (HPDs) with silicon photo-multipliers (SIPMs). The chosen device is the Hamamatsu 3 × 3 mm 2 50 μm pitch MPPC. The system has been developed to be a “drop-in” replacement of the HPDs. A complete control system of bias voltage generation, leakage current monitoring, temperature monitoring, and temperature control using solid state Peltier coolers has been developed and tested. 108 channels of the system have been installed into CMS and operated for more than 2 years. The complete system of about 2200 channels is in production and will be installed in the next LHC long shut-down scheduled for 2013.
Genistein stimulates jejunal chloride secretion via sex-dependent, estrogen receptor or adenylate cyclase mechanisms.

Background/Aims: Daily subcutaneous injections with the phytoestrogen genistein, 600 mg/ kg genistein/day (600G) significantly increased intestinal chloride (Cl - ) secretion (I sc , µA/cm 2 ) in C57BL/6J female and male murine jejunum after 1-2-weeks treatment. Methods and Results: In 600G females, basolateral application of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL-12330A (10 µM) significantly reduced basal and total I sc in the presence of forskolin (27 and 40% respectively, P alt; 0.05), with no effect in 600G males, suggesting that 600G-mediated increases in I sc in females are due to an adenylate cyclase-dependent mechanism. Concomitant injections with the non-selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI-182780 (25 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant inhibition of basal I sc in males (38%, P alt; 0.05), but was without effect in females (further reinforcing an ER-independent mechanism of action). The ERα-selective antagonist (MPP, 25 mg/kg/day) similarly significantly inhibited the basal I sc (37%, P alt; 0.05) in males, whereas the ERβ-selective antagonist (PHTPP, 25 mg/kg/day) was without effect, suggesting that 600G-mediated increases in I sc in male mice are due to an ERα-dependent mechanism. Jejunum ERα/actin expression was significantly increased by 600G in males. Compared to intact mice, orchiectomy has differing effects on 600G-mediated basal Isc; castration (CAST) abolished the 600G-mediated increases in I sc , and ovariectomy (OVX) had no effect on the 600G-stimulated increases in I sc . Daily estradiol injections (10-20 mg/kg body weight estradiol (10E2 or 20E2) had no effect in intact females, whereas 10E2 significantly increased basal I sc in OVX females. Conclusion: These data suggest that daily estradiol and genistein injections have differential sex-dependent mechanisms of action on murine intestinal Cl - secretion.
Polymer/inorganic nanocomposites with tailored hierarchical structure as advanced dielectric materials

Most advances and commercial successes of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites rely only on the dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. Such approaches leave untapped opportunities where performance can be improved by controlling the larger length-scale structures. Here, we review selected examples where the hierarchical structure (from millimeter to nanometer) is tailored to control the transport properties of the materials, giving rise to marked property enhancements, relevant to dielectric materials for power capacitors. These examples address composite structures that are self-assembled, both at the nm and the micron scales, and, thus, can be produced using standard industrial practices. Specifically, polyethylene (PE) blends or poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) copolymers are reinforced with nanofillers; these composites are designed with high filler orientation, which yielded marked improvements in electric-field breakdown strength and, consequently, large improvements in their recoverable energy densities.
The Formation and Distribution of Ice within Forsythia Flower Buds

Differential thermal analysis detected two freezing events when dormant forsythia (Forsythia viridissima Lindl.) flower buds were cooled. The first occurred just below 0°C, and was coincident with the freezing of adjacent woody tissues. The second exotherm appeared as a spike between −10 and −25°C and was correlated with the lethal low temperature. Although this pattern of freezing was similar to that observed in other woody species, differences were noted. Both direct observations of frozen buds and examination of buds freeze-fixed at −5°C demonstrated that ice formed within the developing flowers at temperatures above the second exotherm and lethal temperature. Ice crystals had formed within the peduncle and in the lower portions of the developing flower. Ice also formed within the scales. In forsythia buds, the developing floral organ did not freeze as a unit as noted in other species. Instead the low temperature exotherm appeared to correspond to the lethal freezing of supercooled water within the anthers and portions of the pistil.
Gene expression patterns of the coral Acropora millepora in response to contact with macroalgae

Contact with macroalgae often causes coral mortality, but the roles of abrasion versus shading versus allelopathy in these interactions are rarely clear, and effects on gene expression are unknown. Identification of gene expression changes within corals in response to contact with macroalgae can provide insight into the mode of action of allelochemicals, as well as reveal transcriptional strategies of the coral that mitigate damage from this competitive interaction, enabling the coral to survive. Gene expression responses of the coral Acropora millepora after long-term (20 days) direct contact with macroalgae (Chlorodesmis fastigiata, Dictyota bartayresiana, Galaxaura filamentosa, and Turbinaria conoides) and short-term (1 and 24 h) exposure to C. fastigiata thalli and their hydrophobic extract were assessed. After 20 days of exposure, T. conoides thalli elicited no significant change in visual bleaching or zooxanthellae PSII quantum yield within A. millepora nubbins, but stimulated the greatest alteration in gene expression of all treatments. Chlorodesmis fastigiata, D. bartayresiana, and G. filamentosa caused significant visual bleaching of coral nubbins and reduced the PSII quantum yield of associated zooxanthellae after 20 days, but elicited fewer changes in gene expression relative to T. conoides at day 20. To evaluate initial molecular processes leading to reduction of zooxanthella PSII quantum yield, visual bleaching, and coral death, short-term exposures to C. fastigiata thalli and hydrophobic extracts were conducted; these interactions revealed protein degradation and significant changes in catalytic and metabolic activity within 24 h of contact. These molecular responses are consistent with the hypothesis that allelopathic interactions lead to alteration of signal transduction and an imbalance between reactive oxidant species production and antioxidant capabilities within the coral holobiont. This oxidative imbalance results in rapid protein degradation and eventually to apoptosis and/or necrosis when compensatory transcriptional action by the coral holobiont insufficiently mitigates damage by the allelochemicals of C. fastigiata.
The adverse impacts of local historic designation: The case of small apartment buildings in Philadelphia

This paper examines the sales effects of local historic preservation. Using the hedonic framework our study shows that small historic apartment buildings experienced a 24% reduction in price compared to nonlocally certified properties. Our variable for federal historic districts, however, produced statistically insignificant results. The results suggest that historic control (as practiced in Philadelphia) is confiscatory. The study illustrates an outcome of public regulation that impinges on private property rights.
Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in postmenopausal women

To determine whether a putative human sex‐attractant pheromone increases specific sociosexual behaviors of postmenopausal women, we tested a chemically synthesized formula derived from research with underarm secretions from heterosexually active, fertile women that was recently tested on young women. Participants (n = 44, mean age = 57 years) were postmenopausal women who volunteered for a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study designed “to test an odorless pheromone, added to your preferred fragrance, to learn if it might increase the romance in your life.” During the experimental 6‐week period, a significantly greater proportion of participants using the pheromone formula (40.9%) than placebo (13.6%) recorded an increase over their own weekly average baseline frequency of petting, kissing, and affection (p = .02). More pheromone (68.2%) than placebo (40.9%) users experienced an increase in at least one of the four intimate sociosexual behaviors (p = .04). Sexual motivation frequency, as expressed in mast...
Characteristics of Oil-Filled Cable

This paper deals briefly with the general theory and some of the outstanding characteristics of oil-filled cable practise. Oil-filled cable has had a perfect operating record during the past four years and during this time many simplifications and economies have been introduced. Further gains in this direction are indicated. Today, this type of cable is well in line with ordinary paper-insulated cable from an economic standpoint. The limiting features of oil demand and oil supply are explained and typical methods of oil feed with expansible reservoirs described. Space does not allow the inclusion of many additional things of interest such as a description and drawings of the complete line of cable and accessories that have been developed.
Is there Really a When-Issued Premium

We use a unique set of equities in the when-issued market to provide new tests of the law of one price in financial markets. We compare the prices of when-issued and regular-way shares of publicly-traded subsidiaries and their parents around the time the subsidiaries are fully divested. In contrast to prior analyses of when-issued trading in equity markets, we find that the when-issued shares of the subsidiary trade at a discount. Some of the pricing differences stem from measurement factors such as exchange location and bid-ask clustering that bias the observed when-issued pricing differential away from zero. The remaining difference between the when-issued and regular-way prices is due to asymmetric movements in bid and ask quotes in the two markets. We also find evidence of temporary price pressures on the date of execution of the spinoff of the subsidiary firms that bear resemblance to the pricing in the when-issued market. We interpret the evidence as consistent with the law of one price in the presence of transaction costs.
An acceptance diagram analysis of the contaminant pulse removal problem with direct geometry neutron chopper spectrometers

Phased choppers are used to produce pulsed beams of monochromatic neutrons at research reactors and spallation neutron sources. Depending on the design of the instrument, it is very possible that the choppers will transmit neutrons with wavelengths other than those within the desired band of wavelengths. One or more additional choppers are typically needed to remove these contaminant pulses. We describe a method of determining the wavelength- and time-dependent transmission of a system of choppers using acceptance diagrams. The method is illustrated with calculations for the Disk Chopper Spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the proposed Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer at the Spallation Neutron Source (Oak Ridge, TN).
The Primordial Bond: Exploring Connections Between Man and Nature Through the Humanities and Sciences

Since C.P. Snow coined the ‘Two Cultures,’ we are periodically reminded that somehow we must throw bridges across the gap—or gulf?—between the sciences and humanities. Much of this literature belabors the scientific naivete of the general public; others, like this one, pay attention to the importance of the humanities as helpers of our understanding of the world. Stephen Schneider and Lynne Morton have written a readable account, somewhat erudite in passages, somewhat over simple in other places, of the different ways of looking at the physical world. Aimed at both the scientist and the humanist as well as the general public, it explores some of the scientific issues of today that are of overwhelming importance to the well being of people threatened by pollution, climate alteration, and depletion of natural resources.
The Pulmonary Microcirculation: Characterization of a Novel In Vitro Pulmonary Bilayer 1947

The Pulmonary Microcirculation: Characterization of a Novel In Vitro Pulmonary Bilayer 1947