cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A special biphase modulator

A special biphase (0/spl deg/, 135/spl deg/) modulator has been developed in the L-band. It is composed of a circulator and a switching phase shifter, and a driver allows easy interfacing with ECL/TTL drivers. The measurement results are given.
On the Judgment Proof Problem

A party who causes harm to others and is found legally liable but cannot fully pay is said to be judgment proof. When the party who causes the harm is judgment proof, the incentives provided by the negligence and strict liability rules diverge. The payment probabilities implied by the two rules also differ. If the cost of care is non-monetary, as in Shavell's analysis, then the different probabilities generated by the two rules and the injurer's risk aversion combine to show that greater care is optimal under the negligence rule than the strict liability rule. If, however, the cost of care is monetary then the difference in probabilities generated by the two rules suffices to show greater care under the strict liability rule than under the negligence rule. The latter case holds for either a risk averse injurer or a corporate injurer.
Post-traumatic symptoms in abused children

A variety of symptoms have been described as sequelae of physical and sexual abuse in childhood. This review suggests that some of these symptoms can be understood as developmentally mediated manifestations of post-traumatic disorders. Like traumatized combat or concentration camp survivors, severely abused children develop anxiety, compulsive repetitions, sleep disturbances and depression, ego constriction, and disturbed expressions of anger. The example of incest trauma illustrates how developmental transformations of childhood post-traumatic symptoms can produce the varying patterns of presenting psychopathology seen in adult survivors.
Tubulin Superfamily: Giving Birth to Triplets

Two new studies show that e tubulin is required for centriole/basal body duplication in both Chlamydomonas and Paramecium, adding to the list of new tubulin family members specifically involved in forming the centriole triplet microtubules. The function of these triplets, and the precise role of e tubulin in triplet formation, remains unclear.
NATURAL SELECTION ON THE PEPTIDE-BINDING REGIONS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX MOLECULES

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of vertebrates is a multigene family whose products encode cell surface glycoproteins that function to present peptides to T cells (Klein 1986). There are two major subfamilies, class I and class II, the members of which differ both structurally and functionally. Class I molecules have a nearly universal pattern of expression and present peptides to cytotoxic T cells, while class II molecules are expressed on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. In mammals, the class I and class II loci are linked together in a single gene complex, which also includes some genes that have neither an evolutionary nor a functional relationship to the MHC genes, and others which, although not evolutionarily related to the MHC genes, encode molecules that play roles in peptide presentation. Both class I and class II molecules are heterodimers with four extracellular domains, but they achieve analogous structures in different ways. The class [ heterodimer includes an ct chain consisting of three extracellular domains (cq, a~, and ct3), a transmembrane portion, and a cytoplasmic domain. The o~3 domain associates noncovalently with ~2-microglobulin ([32m). ~32m is encoded outside the MHC gene complex but shows evidence of an evolutionary relationship with the t~3 domain, which like it is a C ltype domain belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (Williams and Barclay 1988). The class II heterodimer consists of an o~ chain and a ~3 chain, each of which includes two extracellular domains (~1 and c~2 and 131 and ~3% respectively), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail; both chains are encoded by genes within the MHC gene complex. Like the membrane-proximal domains of the
Abusive supervision and work-family conflict: The path through emotional labor and burnout

Abstract Building on the theoretical foundations of conservation of resources theory, this research provides insights into the relationship of abusive supervision with work–family conflict (work-to-family and family-to-work). Further, it is the first attempt to incorporate the emotional labor to burnout link as the mediating process between abuse and conflict. Using a sample of 328 individuals working fulltime we examined both the direct relationship of abuse with conflict as well as the indirect relationship through surface acting (emotional labor) and burnout. Our results suggest that abusive supervision influences conflict and the relationship is partially mediated through the surface acting to burnout path.
19-nor-1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 (Paricalcitol) inhibits the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), (1,25(OH)(2)D(3); calcitriol), the hormonal form of vitamin D, exerts growth-inhibitory, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo but its clinical use is limited by its calcemic effects. Previous studies have shown that the antiproliferative effects of the less calcemic calcitriol analog 19-nor-1,25-(OH)(2)D(2) (paricalcitol) on prostate tumor cell lines are indistinguishable from those of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). We therefore investigated the anti-proliferative effects of paricalcitol on the growth of pancreatic tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and paricalcitol inhibited the growth of BxPC-3, Hs700T and AsPC-1 lines in a dose-dependent manner. This antiproliferative activity correlated with upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 (Waf1/CIP1) and p27(Kip1). A fourth pancreatic cell line, Hs766T was unresponsive to both paricalcitol and calcitriol. Hs766T cells also failed to upregulate p21/Waf-1/Cip1 or p27/KiP in response to treatments with these agents. Paricalcitol, given three times per week inhibited the growth of AsPC-1 pancreatic tumor cell xenografts in nude mice at a dose that did not cause hypercalcaemia. Tumor inhibition was accompanied by in vivo upregulation of p21 and p27 expression. Given the few therapeutic options for patients with pancreatic cancer, further exploration of paricalcitol, an FDA-approved medication, is warranted.
Tandem mass spectrometry of ribonuclease A and B: N-linked glycosylation site analysis of whole protein ions.

Recently, an approach for the “top down” sequence analysis of whole protein ions has been developed, employing electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation, and ion/ion proton-transfer reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. This approach has now been extended to an analysis of the [M + 12H]12+ to [M + 5H]5+ ions of ribonuclease A and its N-linked glycosylated analogue, ribonuclease B, to determine the influence of the posttranslational modification on protein fragmentation. In agreement with previous studies on the fragmentation of a range of protein ions, facile gas-phase fragmentation was observed to occur along the protein backbone at the C-terminal of aspartic acid residues, and at the N-terminal of proline, depending on the precursor ion charge state. Interestingly, no evidence was found for gas-phase deglycosylation of the N-linked sugar in ribonuclease B, presumably due to effective competition from the facile amide bond cleavage channels that “protect” the N-linked glycos...
Start and goal speeds as functions of runway length

More pronounced effects of runway length were found in the goal box than in the start box, an 8 ft runway producing slower speeds than a 2 ft runway or a 4 ft runway.
Renal Na-K ATPase relationship to total functional renal mass.

THE events taking place in the remaining kidney after unilateral nephrectomy have been investigated several times. RNA synthesis, as measured by the uptake of H3-cytidine, is increased within 1 h (ref. 1); protein synthesis is increased by 3 h (ref. 1); DNA synthesis increases by 24–48 h (refs. 2–5); an increase in mitotic activity has been variously reported to occur first at 24–48 h (refs. 5 and 6); and an increase in kidney weight is detectable 30–36 h after nephrectomy5. It is well established that this compensatory renal enlargement consists of both cellular hypertrophy and cellular hyperplasia1, although the number of nephron units apparently remains constant7.
Contamination Of Grazing Incidence EUV Mirrors-An Assessment

Contamination assessment for space optical systems requires an understanding of the sensitivity of component performance, e.g. mirror reflectance, to materials deposited on the mirror surface. In a previous study, the sensitivity of typical normal incidence mirror coatings to surface deposits of generic hydrocarbons was reported. Recent activity in the development of grazing incidence telescopes for extreme ultraviolet space astronomy has stimulated the need for a similar assessment in the spectral region extending from approximately 100 A to 1000 A. The model used for analysis treats the contamination layer as a continuous thin film deposited on the mirror surface. The mirror surfaces selected for this study are opaque vacuum deposited gold and the uncoated and polished Zerodur. Scatter caused by film irregularities or particulates are not included in this assessment. Parametric evaluations at 100, 500, and 1000 A determine the sensitivity of mirror reflectance to a range of optical constants selected for the generic contaminants. This sensitivity analysis combined with the limited amount of optical data in the EUV for hydrocarbons, is used to select representative optical constants for the three wavelength regions. Reflectance versus contamination layer thickness curves are then calculated and used to determine critical thickness limits based on allowable reflectance change. Initial observations indicate that thickness limits will be highly dependent on the real part of the complex index of refraction of the contaminant film being less than 1.0. Preliminary laboratory measurements of samples contaminated with some commonly encountered hydrocarbons confirm trends indicated in the analytical studies.
Impacts of Rapid Urban Growth on Farmland Conversion: Application of New Regional Land Use Policy Models and Geographical Information Systems1

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) computer mapping programs and new land use policy models are shown to be useful in understanding the dynamics of rural land conversion to urban uses. The California Central Valley Alternative Futures Model was constructed to evaluate patterns of growth that are forecasted to triple the population of the California Central Valley by 2040. The GIS sub-divided the Valley into over 750,000 land units, and a logit analysis evaluated factors leading to actual patterns of recent growth. Undeveloped land units were assigned a probability of future development, and expected population increases were allocated to those land units with the highest probability of future growth under two growth scenarios: low density and compact growth. The model shows that low density growth would convert over 1,035,000 acres of farmland to urban uses, including over 600,000 acres of prime or statewide important quality land. Compact growth would convert only 474,000 acres total, of which only 266,000 would be on prime soils. This paper shows how new land use models and GIS programs enable rural sociologists to better understand how rural communities and their spatial environment interact—in particular, how these tools enable researchers to explore the forces and consequences of rural and exurban growth.
Solvent effects in the fluorination of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-132b) to 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-133a)

Abstract Trichloroethylene has been found to act as a rate enhancing co-factor in the liquid phase, tantalum (V) halide catalyzed, fluorine-for-chlorine exchange reaction of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-132b) to 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluorethane (R-133a). Several trifluoromethyl substituted benzenes have also been found to be rate-enhancing solvents.
Self-sustained oscillations and vortex shedding in backward-facing step flows: Simulation and linear instability analysis

Linear instability analysis was performed to investigate the origin of the self-sustained oscillations, at St=O(0.1), which have been widely reported in backward-facing step flows. Parametric studies, based on local stability analysis of a family of time-average velocity profiles modeling those observed in recirculating flows, show that the frequency of the absolute mode is determined primarily by the shear layer thickness, and the growth rate of the absolute mode is controlled by the amount of backflow. Given the known streamwise variation of the local velocity profile in the actual flow, this implies that the oscillations are likely to be generated at the middle of the recirculation zone, where the backflow is sufficiently strong, and shear layer thickness is comparable to the step height. The corresponding frequency is determined to be St=O(0.1), because the shear layer thickness is bounded by the step height. To verify this hypothesis, mean velocity profiles obtained from a two-dimensional numerical s...
Direct detection of atom vaporization by laser resonance ionization as a probe of gas-surface chemisorption mechanisms

Abstract A new method for monitoring the development of chemisorption processes on metallic surfaces (either single crystals or polycrystalline), is demonstrated. The method involves direct detection of metal vaporization by laser resonance ionization. It has a remarkably high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting vapor densities (of the order of a few atoms cm−3) enabling vaporization measurements even at relatively low temperatures (about room temperature). This method is demonstrated for the case of room-temperature chemisorption of oxygen on polycrystalline magnesium. A random initial chemisorption stage followed by an island growth stage is seen to dominate the chemisorption process.
The Influence of Sea-Surface Temperature on Surface Wind in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and Interannual Variability

Abstract The climate of the eastern Pacific exhibits a pronounced equatorial asymmetry. Boundary layer air originating in the Southern Hemisphere trades crosses the equator and flows into the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), whose southern limit is nearly always located at least 4° to the north of the equator. The sea-surface temperature (SST) distribution is characterized by a prominent “cold tongue” centered ∼ 1°S, a strong frontal zone centered ∼ 2°N, and a warm eastward current centered near 5°N. The surface wind field exhibits a pronounced horizontal divergence as the air flows northward across the oceanic frontal zone. These features vary in strength in response to the annual cycle and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The northward cross-equatorial surface winds, the cold tongue and the frontal zone all tend to be strongest during the cold season (July through November). During the cold season of the coldest years, when the cold tongue is most prominent, the cross-equatorial flow t...
Conduct Problems, Substance Use and Social Anxiety: A Developmental Study of Recovery and Adaptation:

To evaluate the individual developmental significance of disruptive behavior during adolescence, a 16-year-old boy in day treatment for substance abuse was examined. Over the course of 12 weeks, th...
Regulation of aspartate aminotransferase messenger ribonucleic acid level by testosterone.

Abstract The effect of testosterone on precursor mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (pmAAT) mRNA was studied in rat ventral prostate and primary cell cultures of mini-pig prostate. Testosterone induced a 2–3-fold increase in pmAAT mRNA level in both rat ventral prostate and mini-pig prostate cultures. The pmAAT mRNA induction occurred 30 min after testosterone treatment and was maximal by 1.5 h. Prostatic mAAT activity was also induced by testosterone with a 1–2 h lag period. The time-course of induction of pmAAT mRNA, pmAAT activity and mAAT activity was consistent with stimulation of mRNA synthesis followed by increased synthesis and import of pmAAT into mitochondria. The effect of testosterone on pmAAT mRNA was specific because the increase in pmAAT mRNA was at least 2-fold greater than the increase in poly (A + ) RNA. These results suggest that testosterone stimulated mAAT activity by induction of pmAAT mRNA. This continues to support our proposal that a major physiological effect of testosterone is increased pmAAT mRNA steady-state levels which result in increased pmAAT synthesis and increased mAAT activity. These changes ultimately result in increased citrate production by prostate epithelial cells.
The Bermuda anomaly

The peculiar interest in the local magnetic disturbance in Bermuda arises from the geological conditions with which it is connected. The island is a submerged mountain of volcanic origin covered with a coral limestone cap which, at the only point where a boring has been made, extends 250 feet below sea-level. The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism made a magnetic survey of the island in 1907 and repeated a part of the work in the summer of 1922, carrying out at the same time some special investigations relating to local disturbances. In this later work extensive tests were made which failed to discover any magnetic properties in the limestone either in fragments or in large masses. The magnetic distribution, however, indicates that, besides the general disturbance affecting widely separated areas, there are others of local character that have their origin much nearer the surface. The compass-variometer, an instrument designed and constructed by the Department for the detection of small differences of horizontal intensity, was used to study a few limited areas in detail. In one such there were found differences of as much as 700 gammas (0.00700 C.G.S.) within less than 200 feet horizontal distance. There was no evidence of an artificial source for this disturbance. The soil at various points on the island was examined and found to be magnetic, though the distribution of these local disturbances could not be directly related to the depth or to other apparent properties of the soil. There are, therefore, a major or primary source of disturbance lying deep in the lower structure of the submerged mountain, and other minor or secondary sources lying in or near the surface, probably in the soil.
A note on optimal procurement contracts

Abstract In many transactional relationships, new information and varying circumstances make it desirable to change contract terms well after investments in specific assets have created a situation of bilateral monopoly. Decisions about specification changes are made on the basis of asymmetric information between the buyer and the seller about costs and valuations. The analysis herein indicates how ex post public information might be employed to achieve a fully efficient method for determining specification changes and their reimbursement.
Sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YTP1 gene encoding a deduced novel type-III integral membrane protein with domains of sequence similarity to mitochondrial electron-transport enzymes.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence is reported for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YTP1 (yeast putative transmembrane (TM) protein) gene, encoding a novel deduced protein of 459 amino acids (aa) in length (51643 Da). The Ytpl protein appears by computer analysis (hydropathy plots in conjunction with the combined predictions of several Internet on-line programs that deduce protein structure from primary sequence data) to be a type-III integral TM protein containing 10 or 11 TM-spanning domains. Blocks of aa sequence similarity, predominantly to mitochondrial electron transport proteins, are consistent with the notion that Ytpl is an integral TM protein and may reflect some aspect of its functional role. The C terminus of Ytpl is both hydrophilic and highly negatively charged, with 11 of the last 33 aa corresponding to Glu or Asp. Although Northern blot analysis indicates that this gene is expressed, a disruption of YTP1 shows that it is not essential. YTP1 is located between SIN4 (TSF3) and KEX2 (SRB1) at position 205 (kb) on the chromosome XIV physical map
Time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of visible and near infrared dyes in picosecond dynamics

Near-infrared (NIR) dyes absorb and emit light within the range from 700 to 900 nm have several benefits in biological studies for one- and/or two-photon excitation for deeper penetration of tissues. These molecules undergo vibrational and rotational motion in the relaxation of the excited electronic states, Due to the less than ideal anisotropy behavior of NIR dyes stemming from the fluorophores elongated structures and short fluorescence lifetime in picosecond range, no significant efforts have been made to recognize the theory of these dyes in time-resolved polarization dynamics. In this study, the depolarization of the fluorescence due to emission from rotational deactivation in solution will be measured with the excitation of a linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse and a streak camera. The theory, experiment and application of the ultrafast fluorescence polarization dynamics and anisotropy are illustrated with examples of two of the most important medical based dyes. One is NIR dye, namely Indocyanine Green (ICG) and is compared with Fluorescein which is in visible range with much longer lifetime. A set of first-order linear differential equations was developed to model fluorescence polarization dynamics of NIR dye in picosecond range. Using this model, the important parameters of ultrafast polarization spectroscopy were identified: risetime, initial time, fluorescence lifetime, and rotation times.
Metabolic clearance rate and production rate of calcitriol in uremia.

Metabolic clearance rate and production rate of calcitriol in uremia. We have previously demonstrated that while both normal humans and dogs tightly control serum calcitriol levels after 25(OH)D administration, anephric humans and 5/6 nephrectomized dogs significantly increase circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D when supraphysiological concentrations of 25(OH)D are reached in serum. Plasma 1,25(OH) 2 D level is determined not only by its rate of production but also by its rate of degradation. To further characterize the mechanisms involved in the responses to 25(OH)D therapy in normal circumstances and in chronic uremia, we measured metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of 1,25(OH) 2 D in normal dogs and in dogs with moderate and severe renal failure, at normal and supraphysiological serum concentrations of 25(OH)D. Basal MCR in uremic dogs, either with moderate or with severe renal failure, did not differ significantly from normals (6.7 ± 0.7, 6.8 ± 0.4 and 6.8 ± 0.3 ml/min, respectively). Oral 25(OH)D administration for two weeks did not affect MCR either in normal animals or in both groups of uremic dogs. 25(OH)D treatment did not affect production rates in normal dogs and in animals with moderate renal failure (with normal basal values of 1,25(OH) 2 D), but significantly increased 1,25(OH) 2 D production from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.25 ± 0.04 µg/day (P 2 D which regulates the synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D in response to 25(OH)D administration in normal and uremic animals
IS THE AGE 60 RULE RELEVANT

In 1960 the Federal Aviation Administration in the United states put in place the age 60 rule that required airline pilots to retire upon reaching the age of 60 years. This rule has been challenged on numerous occasions, but the FAA has not changed the rule. A logit model is used to analyse accidents and incidents for 1989. Such factors as piolt training and experience, aircraft characteristics and whether are considered in analysing the impact of pilot age (to age 65) on accidents. Age is not found to be a statistically significant factor for pilots in three licence classes. This study provides indirect evidence that the age 60 rule may be unwarranted.
Three-dimensional structure of kynureninase from Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Kynureninase [E.C. 3.7.1.3] is a pyridoxal-5‘-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of l-kynurenine to anthranilic acid and l-alanine. Sequence alignment with other PLP-dependent enzymes indicated that kynureninase is in subgroup IVa of the aminotransferases, along with nifS, CsdB, and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, which suggests that kynureninase has an aminotransferase fold. Crystals of Pseudomonas fluorescens kynureninase were obtained, and the structure was solved by molecular replacement using the CsdB coordinates combined with multiple isomorphous heavy atom replacement. The coordinates were deposited in the PDB (ID code 1QZ9). The structure, refined to an R factor of 15.5% to 1.85 A resolution, is dimeric and has the aminotransferase fold. The structure also confirms the prediction from sequence alignment that Lys-227 is the PLP-binding residue in P. fluorescens kynureninase. The conserved Asp-201, expected for an aminotransferase fold, is located near the PLP ...
Vitrectomy in Uveitis Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chronic recurrent iridocyclitis in three eyes of two patients with ankylosing spondylitis was associated with posterior spillover of inflammatory cells into the vitreous cavity. Continued inflammation resulted in significant vitreous opacification in all three eyes. After pars plana vitrectomy (two eyes) and cataract extraction with subtotal vitrectomy (one eye), visual acuity improved and stabilized in all three instances. Ocular inflammation was not appreciably exacerbated by surgical intervention. Vitreous opacification did not recur after vitrectomy, but visual improvement was limited because of chronic cystoid macular edema.
Doing no more harm than good

Given all the consequences of an act and the value of each of them, how can we find their value ‘on the whole’? In ‘Utilitarianisms: Simple and General’, Inquiry 13, 394–449, J. Howard Sobel offers two alternative suggestions. Here one of Sobel's suggestions is attacked and the other given new support. Where the number of consequences is finite, it is argued, their value is the sum of their basic intrinsic values: the basic intrinsic value of a state of affairs is the value it has on its own account, and not in virtue of other states of affairs it entails.
The use of dynamical constraints in the analysis of mesoscale rawinsonde data

This study seeks to generate dynamically consistent analyses of mesoscale rawinsonde data by coupling analyses of winds and geopotentials on pressure surfaces. The approach used here follows in a general way the one taken by Lewis and Bloom (1978) in their analysis of surface data; the observations are first objectively analyzed onto a regular grid in space and time, and the gridded fields are then adjusted in a least-squares sense using a set of forecast equations of horizonatal momentum as dynamical constraints. However, the scheme described in this paper has a more consistent treatment of the adjustments to the fields in time. The adjustment process is tested on objectively analyzed rawinsonde soundings from two cases from the data archives of the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL); 8 June 1966 and 22 May 1966. The principal results of this study are: (1) the initial winds and geopotentials produce unphysical residuals when they are put into the momentum constraints; (2) the adjusted fields have greatly reduced residuals, (3) the adjustments to the wind and geopotential fields have root-mean-square values of 1–2 m s -1 and 30–50 m 2 s -2 respectively, and (4) the vertical velocity fields computed from the adjusted winds are more consistent with the weather events that occurred in the two data cases. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1983.tb00211.x
P05.03. How acupuncturists and physicians view the presence of in-patient acupuncture care at Beth Israel Medical Center – a phenomenological study

Purpose To better understand the “living experience” of acupuncturists while they provide acupuncture in-patient care and interact with medical staff in a hospital-based Acupuncture Fellowship Program (AFP). Little is known about how acupuncturists and medical staff negotiate cooperation and how the limits of a hospital setting affect efficacy of acupuncture care. Despite the mounting evidence of acupuncture’s effectiveness, its integration into the in-patient setting is limited; we hope that describing challenges that acupuncture integration faces may help move this process forward.
Structure/activity relationships in the L-alanine taste receptor system of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

In order to understand the molecular determinants of amino acid taste receptor binding and activation, structure/activity studies were performed using analogs of L-alanine in a competitive ligand binding assay and a taste neurophysiological preparation. The presence of both the amine and carboxylic acid in a charged and unhindered form is a primary requisite for a ligand to both bind and activate L-alanine receptors. Although a number of carboxylic acid derivatives are moderately good stimuli, their neural activity derives from action at receptors different from L-alanine receptors. Of the molecular parameters examined, chirality and molecular volume of the side chain are the most important factors in determining the binding and stimulatory efficacy of L-amino acid taste stimuli. Electronegativity of the side chain did not correlate with receptor site binding. Heterologous ligand-induced enhancement of the binding of L-[3H]alanine by a purified taste membrane preparation is described. Neurophysiological experiments support the hypothesis that this phenomenon may be a basis of peripheral sensory interactions.
Applications of Path Compression on Balanced Trees

We devise a method for computing functions defined on paths in trees. The method is based on tree manipulation techniques first used for efficiently representing equivalence relations. It has an almost-linear running time. We apply the method to give O(m $\alpha$(m,n)) algorithms for two problems. A. Verifying a minimum spanning tree in an undirected graph (best previous bound: O(m log log n) ). B. Finding dominators in a directed graph (best previous bound: O(n log n + m) ). Here n is the number of vertices and m the number of edges in the problem graph, and $\alpha$(m,n) is a very slowly growing function which is related to a functional inverse of Ackermann''s function. The method is also useful for solving, in O(m $\alpha$(m,n)) time, certain kinds of pathfinding problems on reducible graphs. Such problems occur in global flow analysis of computer programs and in other contexts. A companion paper will discuss this application.
Systematic study of steric and spatial contributions to molecular recognition by non-covalent imprinted polymers

Although molecular imprinting is a widely accepted method for producing template specific polymers, the general rules for prediction and control of the binding and catalytic properties of these materials are still not fully understood. One reason for this is the problematic structural analysis of the active sites in the polymers, which are not amenable to X-ray crystallography or microscopic techniques due to their amorphous and heterogeneous nature. Therefore, molecular probes have been the most informative agents for the analysis of the structure of active sites. This paper focuses on the steric and geometrical aspects of shape recognition in non-covalent imprinted polymers, with particular effort to minimize other factors contributing to molecular recognition by the polymers. Chiral amine compounds with systematic changes in spatial, distal and conformational components of sterically controlled molecular recognition were investigated for use as non-covalent imprinted polymers. Chromatographic studies revealed that steric and spatial interactions influence the selectivity properties of imprinted polymers in a predictable fashion.
Queer resistance, gender performance, and ‘coming out’ of the panel borders in Greg Rucka and J.H. Williams III's Batwoman: Elegy

Greg Rucka and J.H. Williams III's Batwoman: Elegy recasts the introductory artistic depiction of Kate Kane (Batwoman) from the limited series 52, resisting the codification of this lesbian character from the former series' heteronormative visual designs by actively queering her character. This paper, drawing from Thierry Groensteen and gender theorists, analyzes how Williams utilizes an ostentatious visual design so that he and Rucka can retrace the censored scenario of Kate's sexual identity. In its experimental deployment of page borders and other artistic elements, Batwoman: Elegy offers a queering of the traditional comics form and radically challenges earlier incarnations of the character's heteronormativity. It is argued that this text and the recent Batwoman #0 allow Kate to fluidly operate against gender norms, and the text's use of the military's Don't Ask Don't Tell policy allows it to both situate Kate's political resistance and to interrogate the abuses caused by this restrictive policy.
The activated calcium sulfate-water vapor sorption therm

The sorption isotherms are reported for the β-soluble anhydrite form of calcium sulfate (Drierite) exposed to moist air at one atmosphere total pressure and 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200°F. A concentration-temperature coordinate has been identified which when plotted against the amount sorbed caused all isotherms to collapse into a single sorption therm. The latter has been fit by a three-term expression based on a combination of sorption theories. A graphical comparison is made between a curve calculated from the analytical expression and actual experimental datum points. Curve fitting was done by machine and involved minimizing the square of the deviations. Maximum deviations up to 4% are experienced in the high range. In the low range these tend to increase but so do the experimental errors.
Is rational-emotive therapy a truly unified interactive approach?: A reply to Ellis

Abstract Ellis (1984) has noted that a unified-interactive approach (Schwartz, 1982) to clinical problems is not a new idea, but one that is contained in RET, and that he is therefore incorrectly classified as a cognitive primacy theorist. While these claims are partially correct, the present response holds that: (a) the unified-interactive approach is not a new idea, but an articulation of trends in psychology, adding a special emphasis which distinguishes it from RET; (b) while Ellis (1979a) in principle acknowledges an interactive position, the majority of his tenets (1979c) justifies viewing him as a cognitive primacy theorist; (c) RET would be a truly unified-interactive theory only if, following Eschenroeder (1982), it placed the interaction hypothesis at the core of the theory; (d) a unified-interactive approach would facilitate constructive dialogue between researchers studying the various components of the interaction by addressing them within a singular perspective, with the expectation that “primacy” will vary depending on the specific nature of the psychological event being studied.
Long-term outcome after angioplasty for symptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis in poor surgical candidates

Background and Purpose— The optimal treatment of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who are poor surgical candidates is uncertain. The purposes of this study were to report the long-term outcome after angioplasty in a series of these patients and to compare these data with historical control data from the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Methods— We identified 42 consecutive patients with >70% carotid stenosis and ipsilateral ischemic symptoms within 120 days of treatment with angioplasty. All were considered poor surgical candidates by experienced surgeons. Baseline epidemiological stroke risk factors were obtained from review of medical records. Follow-up was from clinic records and by telephone. Results— Baseline epidemiological stroke risk factors were similar to those of medically treated NASCET patients. Angioplasty patients tended to have higher degrees of stenosis (45% with >90% stenosis versus 24% in NASCET) and more frequent contralateral stenosis or occl...
A survey of information authentication

The general principles that underlie all authentication schemes are reviewed and illustrated using the examples of an early telegraphy cable code, a US military authentication protocol, and authentication of electronic funds transfers in the US Federal Reserve System. Authentication threats from inside the system (i.e. untrustworthy sender or receiver) are described. The classification of authentication schemes as computationally secure, provably secure, or unconditionally secure is explained, and theoretical results are presented showing that a large number of encoding rules must be available in any unconditionally secure authentication code. Current authentication practices are examined. >
Fuzzy spatial relationship refinements based on minimum bounding rectangle variations

Abstract Many spatial data modeling strategies rely upon approximate representations of spatial objects both for computational efficiency issued as well as the simplification of logical modeling strategies. The most widely used approximation is the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). While the use of MBRs in spatial data modeling is extensive due to their efficiency for storage and relationship calculation, their use as a solitary means of identifying, for example, topological relationships between objects is problematic due to the inconsistency of mappings between relationships of MBRs and corresponding relationships of the objects they represent. In this paper we examine several extensions to the MBR model that reduce the discrepancies between binary spatial relationships of the MBRs and those of the contained objects. For each scheme, we consider the implications to the determination of fuzzy spatial relationships and the impact on computational issues.
ZIDOVUDINE PHARMACOKINETICS IN PREMATURE INFANTS EXPOSED TO HIV.|[bull]| 994

Zidovudine (ZDV) administration to HIV infected mothers during pregnancy and to newborn infants during the first 6 weeks of life significantly reduces vertical HIV transmission. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ZDV in term newborn infants show reduced elimination due to immature renal and glucuronidation clearances (Boucher et al J Pediatr 1993;122:137). Since these pathways are likely to be even less developed in premature infants, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of ZDV in 7 premature infants. The infants were born at 28 to 33 weeks gestational age (GA) (mean 30.6 weeks) and weighed 710 to 1980 gms(mean 1229 gms). All infants received ZDV intravenously in doses ranging from 1.5 mg/kg q 12 hrs to 2 mg/kg q 6 hrs. None of the infants had evidence of hepatic or renal dysfunction. Two to five samples (mean 3.7 samples) were obtained in each individual at 1-10 days of life (mean 3.4 days). Bayesean estimates of ZDV PK parameters were generated using a one compartment model and NONMEM (posthoc method). Individual PK parameters were used to simulate steady-state ZDV trough concentrations on 1.5 mg/kg q 12 hrs. The mean PK parameters are compared to those observed in term infants:Table Observed peak ZDV levels exceeded 4 uM in the 6 infants receivng ZDV q 12 hrs. ZDV clearance in the 3 infants 30 weeks GA or less (2.7 ml/min/kg) was similar to that seen in the infants greater than 30 weeks GA (2.9 ml/min/kg). Two infants had PK evaluations repeated at 15 days of life and in both ZDV clearance increased with age, but remained less than half the clearance reported in term infants. Conclusions:(1) ZDV clearance is significantly impaired in premature infants resulting in a prolonged half-life and elevated levels from the standard dosage. (2) Reducing the initial ZDV dose in premature infants to 1.5 mg/kg q 12 hrs will maintain ZDV levels > 1 uM and achieve an AUC similar to that observed in term infants on ZDV 2 mg/kg q 6 hrs.
Life-cycle cost assessment and energy performance evaluation of NZEB enhancement for LEED-rated educational facilities

Life-cycle costing (LCC) is increasingly important when making decisions about sustainable buildings such as LEED-certified buildings. For educational buildings, the LCC can be used to identify the cost-optimal solution out of different alternatives such as renewable energy strategies to improve energy efficiency. The application of photovoltaic (PV) panels and the ability to accurately predict power delivery over the course of time play a key role in the life cycle of such sustainable building facilities. Two cost drivers in the performance of this type of renewable energy systems involve the efficiency with which sunlight is converted into power and how this relationship changes over time. An accurate quantification of power decline over time, also known as degradation rate, is essential to all the project stakeholders. In this study, an investment framework is used to compare scenarios for improving the performance of educational buildings, maximize energy savings, and meet the NZEB (net zero energy bu...
The prevalence and impact of managed care for persons with rheumatoid arthritis in 1994 and 1999

Objectives To estimate the proportion of persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in managed care and fee-for-service settings in 1994 and 1999, to ascertain whether there are differences in utilization between persons in the 2 systems of care in the 2 years, and to determine whether 1994 managed care status or change between 1994 and 1999 in managed care status affects outcomes. Methods The present study uses data from the University of California, San Francisco RA Panel Study, in which 310 patients with RA from a random sample of Northern California rheumatologists were interviewed annually between 1994 and 1999 using a structured survey instrument. We use linear and logistic regression to compare the health care utilization and outcomes of persons in managed care and fee-for-service after adjusting for differences in demographic and health characteristics. Results The proportion of respondents in managed care increased from 60% to 79% between 1994 and 1999, including an increase from 37% to 68% among persons eligible for Medicare and an increase from 74% to 92% among persons ineligible for Medicare. With the exception of physical therapy visits in 1999, patients with RA in managed care did not report significantly different utilization of any service for RA than those in fee-for-service in either 1994 and 1999, including hospital admissions and joint replacement surgery. Managed care status in 1994, and change in managed care status between 1994 and 1999, were not associated with significantly different outcomes in 1999. Conclusion Despite the growth in the proportion of patients with RA in managed care, those in managed care did not differ from those in fee-for-service settings in utilization or outcomes.
A Study of the Running Accuracy of Re-Circulating, Linear Bearings

The demand for faster operation, higher quality output and increased efficiency in automation and machine control systems has led to increased demands on guidance systems. Innovation of re-circulating, linear bearing guide technology has launched that option as the preferred choice for most precision linear motion stages. As the use of re-circulating linear guides increases, many vendors have entered the market, producing nearly identical products. All vendors promote similar load capabilities, running speeds and accuracies. A machine designer has difficulty in selecting a specific brand. An extensive study was conducted to evaluate the running accuracy of several commercially available, re-circulating bearings and configurations. This paper will describe the results of the study and explain the reasons for various inaccuracies. These results will help understand the subtle details of the different styles.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Change of Writing Style with Time

This study investigates the writing stylechange of two Turkish authors, Cetin Altanand Yasar Kemal, in their old and newworks using respectively their newspapercolumns and novels. The style markers are thefrequencies of word lengths in both text andvocabulary, and the rate of usage of mostfrequent words. For both authors, t-tests andlogistic regressions show that the length ofthe words in new works is significantly longerthan that of the old. The principal componentanalyses graphically illustrate the separationbetween old and new texts. The works arecorrectly categorized as old or new with 75 to100% accuracy and 92% average accuracy usingdiscriminant analysis-based cross validation. The results imply higher time gap may havepositive impact in separation andcategorization. For Altan a regressionanalysis demonstrates a decrease in averageword length as the age of his column increases. One interesting observation is that for oneword each author has similar preference changesover time.
Vibrio hand infections: A case report and review of the literature

A case of Vibrio vulnificus infection of the hand is presented. The role of Vibrio species as primary pathogens in infections associated with exposure to a marine environment is discussed.
MICRO-DYNAMIC ASSOCIATED WITH TWO-STATE NONLINEAR MARKOV PROCESSES: WITH AN APPLICATION TO FREE RECALL

We examine the relationship between time-discrete nonlinear Markov processes defined in terms of nonlinear Markov chains and corresponding micro-dynamic models describing many-body systems composed of a finite number of units interacting with each other via a mean field. To this end, we consider a two-state model and examine appropriately defined measures for attractor strength and noise amplitude using variational calculus. We focus on a two-state model and demonstrate an application to free recall data from 8 participants.
A twist on the heisenberg principle: Or, how crime affects its measurement

Evidence suggests that surveys of victimization are affected by large and systematic sources of bias which reduce the validity of comparisons over time and among geographical areas. This paper argues that the bias is especially severe because errors of measurement are correlated with the level of ‘true’ victimization. Evidence relevant to four hypothesized sources of bias is considered. First, it is hypothesized that lifestyle characteristics which are associated with victimization are also associated with respondent inaccessibility, resulting in the exclusion of victims from surveys. Second, coverage and response rates are lower in high crime areas, in part due to mutual avoidance by interviewers and respondents. Third, the social context influences rates of reporting and the classification of incidents of victimization. Finally, the bias introduced by variations in survey procedures is more severe when concepts are ambiguous and ill-defined. The hypotheses and evidence pertinent to them suggest that the measurement of trends and differences in victimization may be subject to large and fluctuating sources of error. Possible research strategies for investigating the sources of bias are suggested.