cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A48: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) controls tumor progression of established HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases in mice

Brain metastases represent a major problem in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer due to the poor efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies in the brain microenvironment. The antibody drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has shown efficacy in trastuzumab-resistant systemic breast cancer. We tested the hypothesis that T-DM1 could overcome trastuzumab resistance in murine models of brain metastases. Methods: We optimized established animal models of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. We treated mice bearing BT474 (intracranial and intracarotid injections) or MDA-MB-361 (intracranial injection) tumors in the CNS with trastuzumab or T-DM1 at equivalent or equipotent doses. Using intravital imaging, molecular techniques and histological analysis we determined tumor growth, mouse survival, cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation, tumor drug distribution, and HER2 signaling. Results: Treatment with T-DM1 delayed tumor growth in comparison to trastuzumab and control IgG and improved survival. These findings were consistent between HER2-driven and PI3K-driven breast tumors. In BT474 tumors, median survival was 112 days for T-DM1 and 28 days for trastuzumab (p Conclusions: T-DM1 can overcome resistance to trastuzumab therapy in HER2-driven or PI3K-driven breast cancer brain lesions due to the cytotoxicity of the DM1 component. The results of our studies indicate that T-DM1 is effective in the brain microenvironment and will directly inform clinical trials in patients with HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases. Citation Format: Gino B. Ferraro, Vasileios Askoxylakis, David P. Kodack, Mark Badeaux, Dai Fukumura, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Rakesh K. Jain. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) controls tumor progression of established HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A48.
Multi-scale and multi-domain simulation of electrical power system

An integrated simulation solution in ANSYS Sim-plorer is presented for multi-scale and multi-domain simulation of electrical power systems. An accurate device-level power semiconductor modeling tool is introduced and verified. Reduced order model (ROM) techniques are then demonstrated to import detailed models from multiple ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) tools, so they can be interconnected and integrated to system level simulation.
Shaped pupil coronagraphy for WFIRST: high-contrast broadband testbed demonstration

The Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) is one of the two operating modes of the WFIRST (Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope) coronagraph instrument. The SPC provides starlight suppression in a pair of wedge-shaped regions over an 18 percent bandpass, and is well suited for spectroscopy of known exoplanets. To demonstrate this starlight suppression in the presence of expected on-orbit input wavefront disturbances, we have recently built a dynamic testbed at JPL (Jet Propulsion Lab.) analogous to the WFIRST fight instrument architecture, with both Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and SPC architectures and a Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control (LOWFS/C) subsystem to apply, sense, and correct dynamic wavefront disturbances. We present our best up-to-date results of the static SPC mode demonstration from the testbed, along with model comparisons and performance under realistic dynamical conditions. HLC results will be reported separately.
Development of antimicrobial chitosan based nanofiber dressings for wound healing applications

Objective(s): Chitosan based composite fine fibers were successfully produced via a centrifugal spinning technology. This study evaluates the ability of the composites to function as scaffolds for cell growth while maintaining an antibacterial activity. Materials and methods: Two sets of chitosan fiber composites were prepared, one filled with anti-microbial silver nanoparticles and another one with cinnamaldeyhde. Chitosan powder was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane followed by addition of the fillers. The fiber output was optimized by configuring the polymer weight concentration (7, 8, and 9 w/w% chitosan) and applied angular velocity (6000-9000 RPM) within the spinning process. Results: Scanning electron microscopy revealed fiber diameters ranging from 800-1500 nm. Cinnamaldehyde and silver nanoparticles helped to improve and control the anti-bacterial activity. Through a verified cell counting method and disk diffusion method, it was proven that the chitosan based composite fibers possess an enhanced anti-bacterial/microbial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Both composite systems showed anti-bacterial activity, inhibition zones fluctuating between 5 to 10 mm were observed depending on the size of the fiber matand no bacteria was found within the mats. The developed fiber scaffolds were found to be noncytotoxic serving as effective three-dimensional substrates for cell adhesion and viability. Conclusion: These results provide potential to use these scaffolds in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.
Chapter 26 – Chemokines

Publisher Summary Chemokines have multiple roles in the organization of the immune system under basal conditions and during infection, and are also involved in angiogenesis. A crucial role of chemokines is the recruitment of different types of leukocytes from the blood to the sites of inflammation. Most of the known chemokines belong to two major families defined by the position of four conserved cysteine residues. The largest family is the CC chemokine family (28 in number), which possesses two adjacent cysteines in the vicinity of the N-terminus of the mature peptide. The CXC family (16 members) has two cysteine residues in this same region, but with an interposed amino acid. Chemokines are thought to bind to presenting molecules on the luminal surface of the venular endothelium, such as glycosaminoglycans, where the chemokines engage their receptors on the leukocyte surface. A combination of clinical observations, in vitro cell biology and in vivo animal modeling has delineated potentially important mechanisms underlying lung inflammation in COPD and asthma. These extensive studies support the hypothesis that chemokines have a fundamental role in regulating leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory disease. The chemokine receptors represent novel targets for treatment and therapeutic compounds have been described with efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Brief Report: A Survey of Autism Research Priorities Across a Diverse Community of Stakeholders.

Inclusion of stakeholder voices in the allocation of research funding can increase the relevance of results and improve community engagement in research. We describe the results of an online survey that gathered input from community stakeholders regarding autism research priorities. A demographically diverse sample of respondents (N = 6004; 79.1% female; 72.5% ages 30–59; 86.4% USA) completed the survey. Results indicated a preference for applied relative to basic science topics, though both basic and applied science areas were rated as important. Respondents gave their highest ratings to research focused on co-occurring conditions, health and well-being, adult transition, and lifespan issues. These results can guide decision-making by public and private funders when developing science funding priorities and engaging in science dissemination activities.
Social Problem Solving of Children With and Without Mental Retardation

Social skills and social status are important aspects of development that are likely to be influenced by an individual's ability to appropriately solve social problems. In this investigation, children (9–13 year olds) with and without mental retardation were asked to provide solutions to three types of social problems. Students were first asked to respond to open-ended questions and then were presented with three new problems in a forced-choice format. Children were also rated as liked or not liked by their same sex peers. Our findings indicated small but interesting differences between the children with and without retardation. In the open-ended benign situation (peer entry), students with mental retardation provided fewer assertive solutions and more appeal to authority solutions than their peers. In contrast, in the forced-choice hostile situation, children with mental retardation chose more assertive solutions and fewer appeal to authority than their peers. This same pattern of responses was reflected in a comparison of highly accepted children and less well-accepted children. The less accepted children chose more assertive solutions and fewer appeal to authority than their peers. It is possible that the different tendencies in the social problem solving of students with mental retardation could put them at risk for being less well accepted by their peers without mental retardation.
The Cavernous Direct Inguinal Hernia

Giant inguinal hernias present challenges to both patient and surgeon alike. Patients presenting with such advanced hernias often have advanced comorbid conditions as well, raising the risks of an already complex repair. Loss of abdominal domain often further complicates perioperative management. This chapter will detail the anatomy and pathogenesis of such giant inguinal hernias, as well as detail several operative strategies for repair.
Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Water Relations of Three Tree Species with Different Vascular Anatomy

White oak, eastern redcedar, and black walnut trees exhibited distinct patterns of water relations in response to seasonal variations in soil moisture and evaporative demand. While in all three species drought periods were associated with declining leaf water potential and leaf conductance, black walnut maintained higher predawn and solar noon leaf water potential and leaf conductance (particularly late in the growing season) than did white oak or redcedar. These differences may have been related to deeper rooting and early leaf abscission in black walnut as compared to white oak and redcedar, a situation which would likely result in water conservation and greater water supply to individual leaves. Flow resistance between soil and leaves and water potential gradients between root and crown were greater in eastern redcedar than in either an- giosperm species, a result largely attributable to high resistance presented by xylem tissue in which only tracheids participated in axial waterflow. FOREST SCI. 29:317-329.
Alkyl-Substituted Allylic Lithium Compounds: Structure and Dynamic Behavior†

Several methyl-substituted allylic lithium compounds have been prepared by CH3Li cleavage of their corresponding bis(methyl)bis(allylic)stannanes. Low-temperature 13C and proton NMR studies of 1:1 complexes of these allylic lithium compounds with TMEDA establish their structures. NMR line shape changes with temperature provide barriers to rotation. Results are listed in order as follows (allyl substituents, compound number, barrier to rotation in kcal·mol-1, and bonds undergoing rotation): 1,1-dimethyl, 26, 18, 2−3; endo-1-methyl, 27, 19, 2−3; endo-1-exo-3-dimethyl, 28, 21, 1−2 and 2−3. These observations together with the allylic 13C NMR chemical shifts indicate that in the case of unsymmetrical alkyl substitution at the termini the allyl C−C bond to the more substituted terminus is of higher bond order than that to the less substituted terminus. Unsymmetrical substitution is proposed to reduce the degree of delocalization compared to the symmetrically substituted allylic lithium compounds. A mechanism ...
No Struggle When I'm Looking:

This narrative is one in a series of art-based interviews of patients in hospice care. The project uses art images to facilitate conversations to better understand the role of spirituality in coping.
Degradation and Dehumanization

In Part II we look at the boundaries of torture and the ethical issues they bring to light. This chapter focuses on the helplessness of the victims subjected to degradation and dehumanization. As we see, torture is not just about inflicting pain; it is also about asserting power. Treating others in demeaning ways is an effective vehicle for accomplishing that goal.
Detrusor underactivity in women: A current understanding

Aims To examine the current understanding and management of detrusor underactivity (DUA) and underactive bladder (UAB) in women. Methods A review of the current literature was performed with a specific focus on new management strategies and treatment options for women with DUA and UAB. Results DUA has become an area of increased interest in recent years. Affecting up to 45% of older women undergoing urodynamic evaluation for non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms, DUA is common. There are a variety of possible etiologies including neurogenic or myogenic dysfunction. As there is currently no cure for DUA and no way to restore the ability of the detrusor muscle to contract, management of DUA in women is mostly focused on effective bladder drainage by urinary catheterization. Clean intermittent catheterization is the gold standard for bladder drainage however for a variety of reasons, women with DUA often are managed with indwelling urethral catheter or suprapubic tube. Medications, sacral neuromodulation, and the inFlow urinary prosthesis are also treatment alternatives or additions to catheterization. Novel therapies using stem cells and gene therapy are also under investigation for the treatment of DUA and UAB. Conclusions DUA is likely more prevalent than recognized and undertreated in women. It is vital that further research in treatment options beyond catheterization be developed for these patients to offer patients a variety of treatment options.
Making American white men great again: Tom Brady, Donald Trump, and the allure of white male omnipotence in post-obama america

In this chapter, I critically examine cultural representations—advertisements, journalistic accounts, social media, documentaries, and even film and television cameos—of New England Patriots’ quarterback, Tom Brady to show how they articulate with many similar racial, gender, and class ideas and affects that organize the Trump campaign and presidency. More specifically, I illuminate how Brady’s white masculinity is often coded as unapologetic about his socio-economic privileges, omnipotent in his manliness, and as a master of his body and athletic craft. In short, Brady embodies a living fantasy of white male omnipotence that serves symbolically as an imagined solution to white male anxiety for those who feel that the United States is in the midst of a culture war against white men and traditional American culture and values. In each of these ways, cultural (and self-) representations of Brady’s white masculinity showcase the new preferred representational logics used to render white masculinity visible within this latest wave of backlash politics that extends from the Trump White House through popular culture to the online spaces that brought the alt-right life. At stake in this politics is the renewal of white male prerogative as the taken-for-granted governing logic of American civic life.
Incidental dedifferentiated mediastinal liposarcoma on F-18-fluciclovine PET/CT.

Abstract Fat-containing mediastinal masses, particularly mediastinal liposarcomas, are rare neoplasms that can grow to large sizes before becoming symptomatic and may be incidentally found on radiology examinations. In this case report, a 67-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer status post prostatectomy presented for an F-18-fluciclovine PET/CT for a rising, clinically detectable PSA and indeterminate pelvic lymph nodes seen on multiparametric MRI of the prostate. No local tumor recurrence or metastatic disease from prostate cancer was identified, but the PET/CT demonstrated a mixed soft tissue and fat density prevascular (anterior) mediastinal mass with low-level radiotracer uptake. Following surgical consultation and resection, the final pathology revealed a dedifferentiated mediastinal liposarcoma. The case presented describes the appearance of an uncommon fat-containing mediastinal mass and describes several other fat-containing mediastinal masses that are important for radiologists to recognize in order to formulate accurate differential diagnoses and ensure appropriate further management for patients. Additionally, this case demonstrates that the radiotracer F-18-fluciclovine is not specific for prostate cancer, and its uptake can be seen with other entities such as in this case of sarcomatous malignancy.
Upper Limb Motion Simulation Algorithm for Prosthesis Prescription and Training

A simulation algorithm to predict expected upper limb movements of prosthesis users performing activities of daily living (ADL) was developed. It is quite challenging to determine the right type and fit of a prosthesis and provide appropriate training to properly utilize it. The amputee care team typically uses prior experiences to provide prescription and training customized for each individual. It is also very difficult to anticipate expected and undesired compensatory motions due to reduced degrees of freedom of a prosthesis user. We have developed a tool to predict and visualize the expected upper limb movements resulting from using a prescribed prosthesis and its suitability to the needs of the amputee. It is expected to help clinicians make decisions such as the type of the prosthesis, and whether to include a wrist joint, based on the impact it will have on the rest of the joints. The main focus of this work is to use robotics-based methods to simulate human use of prostheses and identify the expected posture of the limited joints on the upper limbs. Unlike other works, this paper does not discuss the control of the prosthesis but the posture of the body. A weighted least-norm inverse kinematics algorithm was used to develop a robotics-based model of the upper limbs and torso. Motion capture data from the subjects were used to determine the weighting matrix the algorithm required. Results show that this approach provides human-like simulation of joint motions and matches the motion capture data. The algorithm uses the individual’s anthropometrics and level of amputation to create a personalized kinematic model of the upper body and the joint motions during ADLs. A graphic user interface (GUI) was created to allow the clinician to input the relevant data resulting in arm movements of the prospective prosthesis user. A custom-made visualization software was developed to display an animation performing the simulated motion. It should be stressed that this work does not adjust and replay motion capture recordings, but solves the inverse kinematics of the human body.
One-year patient survival correlates with surgeon volume after elective open abdominal aortic surgery.

Abstract Objective Volume-outcome relationships in surgery have been well established. Studies have shown that high-volume surgeons provide improved outcomes in performing open abdominal aneurysm repairs. The hypothesis of this study was that high-volume surgeons provide superior short-term and midterm outcomes of elective open aortic operations compared with low-volume surgeons. Methods We evaluated patients undergoing elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, aortofemoral bypass, and aortomesenteric bypass by board-certified vascular surgeons using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database from 2002 to 2014. The Contal and O'Quigley technique was used to estimate a cut point objectively and provided an estimate of significance. A division using average yearly volumes (averaged during 3 years) of seven or more cases and fewer than seven cases per year returned the highest Q statistic, and this grouping was used to classify high-volume and low-volume provider groups. Rates of complications during index hospitalization, length of stay, 30-day survival, 90-day survival, 1-year survival, and cause of death were analyzed using mixed effect models. Results In 118 hospitals during the 13-year period, 266 board-certified vascular surgeons performed 244 aortomesenteric bypasses, 4202 aortofemoral bypasses, and 6126 abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs. High-volume surgeons' rates of complications during index hospitalization, 30-day survival, 90-day survival, and 1-year survival were superior to those of low-volume surgeons. The Contal and O'Quigley technique returned an estimate of seven operations per year for optimal survival during 1 year. This cutoff is associated with an adjusted 1-year hazard ratio of 0.687 (P = .003), a 2.69% difference in 1-year all-cause survival (P = .003), and a 1.76-day reduction in the mean length of stay at index hospitalization (P Conclusions These data demonstrate that high-volume surgeons performing elective open aortic operations provide reduced complications and improved short-term and midterm survival compared with low-volume surgeons. Clinical and postoperative variables that are associated with increased cardiovascular cause-specific mortality are also identified. These data provide further evidence that elective open abdominal vascular surgery should be centralized to high-volume surgeons.
Self-reported memory problems in adult-onset cancer survivors in the United States with or without: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

e24062Background: Cancer and chronic diseases (CD) are independent predictors of cognitive dysfunction, especially memory problems that can impact patients’ psychosocial functioning and quality of ...
Multigrid with Nonstandard Coarsening.

We consider the numerical solution of Poisson's equation on structured grids using geometric multigrid with nonstandard coarse grids and coarse level operators. We are motivated by the problem of developing high-order accurate numerical solvers for elliptic boundary value problems on complex geometry using overset grids. Overset grids are typically dominated by large Cartesian background grids and thus fast solvers for Cartesian grids are highly desired. For flexibility in grid generation we would like to consider coarsening factors other than two, and lower-order accurate coarse-level approximations. We show that second-order accurate coarse-level approximations are very effective for fourth- or sixth-order accurate fine-level finite difference discretizations. We study the use of different Galerkin and non-Galerkin coarse-level operators. We use red-black smoothers with a relaxation parameter $\omega$. Using local Fourier analysis we choose $\omega$ and the coarse-level operators to optimize the overall multigrid convergence rate. Motivated by the use of red-black smoothers in one dimension that can result in a direct solver for the standard second-order accurate discretization to Poisson's equation, we show that this direct-solver property can be extended to two dimensions using a rotated grid that results from red-black coarsening. We evaluate the use of red-black coarsening in more general settings. We also study grid coarsening by a general factor and show that good convergence rates are retained for a range of coarsening factors near two. We ask the question of which coarsening factor leads to the most efficient algorithm.
Topological Vector Spaces

A topological vector space X over \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\) is a vector space, which is also a topological space, in which the vector space operations are continuous.
Investigating the impact of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization on youth and young adult trust and help-seeking in pathways to care

Few studies have focused on the experience of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization among youth, especially the impact of these experiences on engagement with mental health services post-discharge. In this study, we contribute to a deeper understanding of youth experiences of involuntary hospitalization (IH) and its subsequent impacts on trust, help-seeking, and engagement with clinicians. The study utilized a grounded theory approach, conducting in-depth interviews with 40 youth and young adults (ages 16–27) who had experienced at least one prior involuntary hospitalization. Three quarters of the youth reported negative impacts of IH on trust, including unwillingness to disclose suicidal feelings or intentions. Selective non-disclosure of suicidal feelings was reported even in instances in which the participant continued to meet with providers following discharge. Factors identified as contributing to distrust included perceptions of inpatient treatment as more punitive than therapeutic, staff as more judgmental than empathetic, and hospitalization overall failing to meet therapeutic needs. Conversely, participants reporting more mixed experiences of hospitalization and simultaneously strong indirect benefits, including greater family support, diminished family judgement members and greater access to care. Findings draw attention to the ways in which coercive experiences may impact youth pathways to and through care. Additional research is needed to understand the impact of these experiences across larger samples, and their influence on downstream outcomes including engagement and long-term wellbeing. Finally, these data may inform the development and testing of inpatient and post-discharge interventions designed to mitigate potential harm.
Model-based learning of underwater acoustic communication performance for marine robots

Abstract Accurate prediction of acoustic communication performance is an important capability for marine robots. In this paper, we propose a model-based learning methodology for the prediction of underwater acoustic communication performance. The learning algorithm consists of two steps: (i) estimation of the covariance matrix by evaluating candidate functions with estimated parameters using detrended measurements;and (ii) prediction of communication performance. Covariance estimation is addressed with a multi-stage iterative training method that produces unbiased and robust results with nested models. The efficiency of the framework is validated with simulations and experimental data from field trials. The field trials involved a manned surface vehicle and an autonomous underwater vehicle.
Abstract 234: Risk of sepsis among patients with prostate cancer: A network-based modeling approach

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men, and sepsis is a leading cause of death in PCa, yet their association has not been quantified. This study aims to quantify the association between sepsis severity (identified as sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and prostate complications among PCa subgroups. Methods: We used the SEER-Medicare data to identify patients diagnosed with PCa in 2010 -2015. PCa patients were classified as: localized or regional (L/R) stage and distant (D) stage and further stratified as survivors and non-survivors. Patients with no history of PCa composed the control group. Our network-based modeling approach used sepsis and prostate complications (identified using ICD codes) as network nodes. The association between complication pairs, represented as edges, were weighted by the probability of complication pairs occurring concurrently. The network densities for each subgroup were computed at different thresholds based on the weights of the edges. Results: We identified 27,166 patients with PCa and 22,223 as controls. Increase in threshold was associated with highest decline in network density among controls followed by L/R survivors (Table). Additionally, prostate and sepsis complications co-occur more frequently among stage D than stage L/R patients. Also, stage D patients experience prostate complications with more severe sepsis conditions (severe sepsis and septic shock) than other subpopulations. The variances and medians of edges9 weights among all subgroups were statistically different (p Conclusions: This is the first population-based study using network-based modeling to quantify the association between varying degrees of sepsis severity and prostate complications among PCa subgroups. The differentiating complication pairs identified among subgroups can be used as features in machine-learning algorithms to predict the severity of patient outcomes and to improve patient prognosis. Citation Format: Ali Jazayeri, Niusha Jafari, Christopher C. Yang, Nikita Nikita, Grace Lu Yao. Risk of sepsis among patients with prostate cancer: A network-based modeling approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 234.
Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Closure via the Transhepatic Approach in a Patient With Situs Ambiguus and a Left-Sided Inferior Vena Cava.

Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common type of ASD. Symptoms including dyspnea on exertion usually manifest in the third and fourth decade of life. The transcatheter closure is the ...
Racial and ethnic differences in perception of provider cultural competence among patients with depression and anxiety symptoms: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional analysis.

Summary Background Racial and ethnic minorities face disparities in access to health care. Culturally competent care might lessen these disparities. Few studies have studied the patients' view of providers' cultural competence, especially in psychiatric care. We aimed to examine the associations of race, ethnicity, and mental health status with patient-reported importance of provider cultural competence. Methods Our retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study used data extracted from self-reported questionnaires of adults aged at least 18 years who participated in the US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS; 2017 cycle). We included data on all respondents who answered supplementary cultural competence questions and the Adult Functioning and Disability survey within the NHIS. We classified participants as having anxiety or depression if they reported symptoms at least once a week or more often, and responded that the last time they had symptoms the intensity was “somewhere between a little and a lot” or “a lot.” Participant answers to cultural competency survey questions (participant desire for providers to understand or share their culture, and frequency of access to providers who share their culture) were the outcome variables. Multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the outcome variables in relation to sociodemographic characteristics (including race and ethnicity), self-reported health status, and presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. Findings 3910 people had available data for analysis. Mean age was 52 years (IQR 36–64). 1422 (39·2%, sample weight adjusted) of the participants were men and 2488 (60·9%) were women. 3290 (82·7%) were White, 346 (9·1%) were Black or African American, 31 (0·8%) were American Indian or Alaskan Native, 144 (4·8%) were Asian American, and 99 (2·6%) were Mixed Race. 380 (12·5%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity and 3530 (87·5%) as non-Hispanic. Groups who were more likely to express a desire for their providers to share or understand their culture included participants who had depression symptoms (vs those without depression or anxiety symptoms, aOR 1·57 [95% CI 1·13–2·19], p=0·008) and participants who were of a racial minority group (Black vs White, aOR 2·54 [1·86–3·48], p=0·008; Asian American vs White, aOR 2·57 [1·66–3·99], p Interpretation Racial and ethnic disparities exist in how patients perceive their providers' cultural competence, and disparities are pronounced in patients with depression. Developing a culturally competent and humble approach to care is crucial for mental health providers. Funding None.
Improving Syntax-Augmented Machine Translation by Coarsening the Label Set

We present a new variant of the SyntaxAugmented Machine Translation (SAMT) formalism with a category-coarsening algorithm originally developed for tree-to-tree grammars. We induce bilingual labels into the SAMT grammar, use them for category coarsening, then project back to monolingual labeling as in standard SAMT. The result is a “collapsed” grammar with the same expressive power and format as the original, but many fewer nonterminal labels. We show that the smaller label set provides improved translation scores by 1.14 BLEU on two Chinese‐ English test sets while reducing the occurrence of sparsity and ambiguity problems common to large label sets.
The Indo-German Identification: Reconciling South Asian Origins and European Destinies, 1765-1885

In the early nineteenth century, German intellectuals such as Novalis, Schelling, and Friedrich Schlegel, convinced that Germany's cultural origins lay in ancient India, attempted to reconcile these origins with their imagined destiny as saviors of a degenerate Europe, then shifted from "Indomania" to Indophobia when the attempt foundered. The philosophers Hegel, Schopenhauer, and, later, Nietzsche provided alternate views of the role of India in world history that would be disastrously misappropriated in the twentieth century. Reconstructing Hellenistic and humanist views of the ancient Brahmins and Goths, French-Enlightenment debates over the postdiluvian origins of the arts and sciences, and the Indophilia and protonationalism of Herder, Robert Cowan focuses on turning points in the development of an "Indo-German" ideal, an ideal less focused on intellectual imperialism than many studies of the "Aryan Myth" and Orientalism would have us believe. Cowan argues that the study of this ideal continues to offer lessons about cultural difference in the "post-national" twenty-first century. Of great interest to historians, philosophers, and literary scholars, this cross-cultural study offers a new understanding of the Indo-German story by showing that attempts to establish identity necessarily involve a reconciliation of origins and destinies, of self and other, of individual and collective. Robert Cowan is Assistant Professor of English at Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York.
Creating and Supporting Interfaces

Publisher Summary In clinical computing, integration means to bring together data and functions so that users operate as though there is one application satisfying their patient information and application needs. Behind the scenes, the data originate from different physical and virtual locations, on different systems. This chapter explores the way users are provided with the integrated view they seek. Interfaces are substantially simpler if they are created on a firm organizational foundation. The cost of creating HL7 interfaces is considerable, estimated at $50,000 per interface, typically requiring a year or more from plan to production use. So the vendor promise of HL7 interfaces solving the problem of dispersion of clinical information is expensive, time-consuming, and often unfulfilled and the majority of the burden falls on the organization. Finally, the study suggests that the foundation can include a common data model among the core applications so that data such as patient names and identifiers can be incorporated into messages the same way for many interfaces. There may be a standardized master file, which is itself kept in synchrony with departmental and core applications within the organization. This master file can include data such as payors, locations, providers, and other commonly used information.
Self-serving Disclosures by Chairmen in Failing UK Companies

This paper investigates information disclosures made by chairmen in 90 UK companies shortly prior to failure. I find chairmen are more willing to blame poor performance on exogenous factors rather than managerial decisions; nearly half of chairmen fail to candidly disclose existing problems; and, prospective disclosures are more optimistic than disclosures about past performance despite significantly worse performance after chairmen's statements. These findings are consistent with chairmen opportunistically withholding bad news. In addition, I find chairmen withhold bad news more often when auditors issue clean audit opinions. I also find newly appointed chairmen are more willing than retained chairmen to disclose poor past performance, but are equally over-optimistic about future prospects.
Recursion Versus Iteration at Higher-Orders

We extend the well-known analysis of recursion-removal in first-order program schemes to a higher-order language of finitely typed and polymorphically typed functional programs, the semantics of which is based on call-by-name parameter-passing. We introduce methods for recursion-removal, i.e. for translating higher-order recursive programs into higher-order iterative programs, and determine conditions under which this translation is possible. Just as finitely typed recursive programs are naturally classified by their orders, so are finitely typed iterative programs. This syntactic classification of recursive and iterative programs corresponds to a semantic (or computational) classification: the higher the order of programs, the more functions they can compute.
Involvment of pineal indoles and polypeptides with the neuroendocrine axis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the involvement of pineal indoles and polypeptides with the neuroendocrine axis. The number of endocrine organs that the pineal gland influences is truly remarkable. Most, if not all, of the hormones derived from the anterior pituitary gland are modulated by pineal secretions. Furthermore, many of the extra-pituitary regulated endocrine glands are also under control of this multipotent epithalamic structure. Because of its profuse blood supply, several investigators predicted an endocrine role for the pineal gland at a time during which it was unpopular to do so. The question of the specific pineal substance(s) responsible for the gonad-regulating capability of the pineal obviously remains unanswered. The indoles may act on the brain where they modify monoamine or catecholamine metabolism while the polypeptides may act on the anterior pituitary in a manner similar to the action of other polypeptides, the hypothalamic releasing factors.
Prayer Has Spoiled Everything: Possession, Power and Identity in an Islamic Town of Niger

Prayer Has Spoiled Everything: Possession, Power and Identity in an Islamic Town of Niger. Adeline Masquelier. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001. 352 pp.
Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA

Summary The Powder River Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of the large amounts of groundwater extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and water chemistry at one impoundment, Skewed Reservoir, has produced the most detailed data set for any impoundment in the Basin. Data were collected from a network of 21 observation wells and three suction lysimeters. A groundwater mound formed atop bedrock within initially unsaturated, unconsolidated deposits underlying the reservoir. Heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of sediments resulted in complex groundwater flow paths and highly variable groundwater chemistry. Sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, and magnesium were the dominant ions in all areas, but substantial variability existed in relative concentrations; pH varied from less than 3 to more than 9, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from less than 5000 to greater than 100,000 mg/L. Selenium was a useful tracer of reservoir water; selenium concentrations exceeded 300 μg/L in samples obtained from 18 of the 24 sampling points. Groundwater travel time from the reservoir to a nearby alluvial aquifer (a linear distance of 177 m) was calculated at 474 days on the basis of selenium concentrations. The produced water is not the primary source of solutes in the groundwater. Naturally occurring salts and minerals within the unsaturated zone, dissolved and mobilized by infiltrating impoundment water, account for most of the solute mass in groundwater. Gypsum dissolution, cation-exchange, and pyrite oxidation appear to be important reactions. The complex geochemistry and groundwater flow paths at the study site underscore the difficulty in assessing effects of surface impoundments on water resources within the Powder River Basin.
Modeling surf zone tracer plumes: 2. Transport and dispersion

[1] Five surf zone dye tracer releases from the HB06 experiment are simulated with a tracer advection diffusion model coupled to a Boussinesq surf zone model (funwaveC). Model tracer is transported and stirred by currents and eddies and diffused with a breaking wave eddy diffusivity, set equal to the breaking wave eddy viscosity, and a small (0.01 m2 s−1) background diffusivity. Observed and modeled alongshore parallel tracer plumes, transported by the wave driven alongshore current, have qualitatively similar cross-shore structures. Although the model skill for mean tracer concentration is variable (from negative to 0.73) depending upon release, cross-shore integrated tracer moments (normalized by the cross-shore tracer integral) have consistently high skills (≈0.9). Modeled and observed bulk surf zone cross-shore diffusivity estimates are also similar, with 0.72 squared correlation and skill of 0.4. Similar to the observations, the model bulk (absolute) cross-shore diffusivity is consistent with a mixing length parameterization based on low-frequency (0.001–0.03 Hz) eddies. The model absolute cross-shore dispersion is dominated by stirring from surf zone eddies and does not depend upon the presence of the breaking wave eddy diffusivity. Given only the bathymetry and incident wave field, the coupled Boussinesq-tracer model qualitatively reproduces the observed cross-shore absolute tracer dispersion, suggesting that the model can be used to study surf zone tracer dispersion mechanisms.
Integrating motif, DNA accessibility and gene expression data to build regulatory maps in an organism

Characterization of cell type specific regulatory networks and elements is a major challenge in genomics, and emerging strategies frequently employ high-throughput genome-wide assays of transcription factor (TF) to DNA binding, histone modifications or chromatin state. However, these experiments remain too difficult/expensive for many laboratories to apply comprehensively to their system of interest. Here, we explore the potential of elucidating regulatory systems in varied cell types using computational techniques that rely on only data of gene expression, low-resolution chromatin accessibility, and TF–DNA binding specificities (‘motifs’). We show that static computational motif scans overlaid with chromatin accessibility data reasonably approximate experimentally measured TF–DNA binding. We demonstrate that predicted binding profiles and expression patterns of hundreds of TFs are sufficient to identify major regulators of ~200 spatiotemporal expression domains in the Drosophila embryo. We are then able to learn reliable statistical models of enhancer activity for over 70 expression domains and apply those models to annotate domain specific enhancers genome-wide. Throughout this work, we apply our motif and accessibility based approach to comprehensively characterize the regulatory network of fruitfly embryonic development and show that the accuracy of our computational method compares favorably to approaches that rely on data from many experimental assays.
Avoiding an incision through the anterior previa at cesarean delivery

Abstract Background Information is limited regarding the preferred method of delivery when the placenta is underlying the site of the uterine incision. Cases Three patients with placenta previa illustrate the successful use of a technique that avoids incising the underlying placenta. An iatrogenic partial separation of the placenta is created to rupture the membranes and deliver the infant. Conclusion This reproducible technique is offered as an alternative to transecting the underlying placenta at cesarean delivery.
Steps To Demarcate the Effects of Chromophore Aggregation and Planarization in Poly(phenyleneethynylene)s. 1. Rotationally Interrupted Conjugation in the Excited States of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene

A series of photophysical measurements and semiempirical calculations were carried out with 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene in search of evidence on the effects of phenyl group rotation and chromophore aggregation of oligo- and poly(phenyleneethynylene)s. It is suggested that planarization gives rise to relatively modest shifts of ca. 20−30 nm, which preserve the vibronic structure of the monomer and retain a high emission quantum yield. In contrast, it is proposed that aggregation gives rise to larger shifts and loss of vibronic structure.
HPLC in nucleic acids research.

The separation capabilities of ion exchange, when coupled with the principles of reversed-phase fractionation, yields an advanced technology for the manipulation of nucleic acids.
Encapsulated Enterococcus faecalis: role of encapsulation in persistence in mouse peritoneum in absence of mouse lethality

Abstract Two nonhemolytic, mucoid, encapsulated strains of Enterococcus faecalis lacked lethality for 23 white mice when inoculated (10 9 cells/mL) intraperitoneally. Bacteremia was short lived (2 to 3 days), but peritoneal cultures remained positive for 7 days postinoculation. Although encapsulation did not result in animal lethality, encapsulation may have delayed peritoneal clearance by interference with phagocytosis.
Cost-adjusted surgical robotic performance: The plea for a cheaper robot

Abstract Despite their high cost, surgical robotic systems continue to gain prominence in the operating room. In this study, the initial performance of a diverse population of surgeons and surgical residents with no previous surgical robotics experience was characterized. The objectives of this study were (1) To compare the initial performance of different surgical robotic systems; (2) To determine the inter-robot transferability of skills acquired on a surgical robot; and (3) To determine if differences exist in the initial robotic surgery learning curve among surgeons of varying levels of surgical experience. A multi-institutional group of 38 surgeons and 28 surgeons-in-training were evaluated using three surgical skill tests: “paper cut,” “ring swap,” and “thread the needle.” Every participant was timed on each of two robots, Intuitive Surgical’s daVinci Surgical System and endoVia’s Laprotek System. The order in which the subjects were tested on each of the two robots was determined at random. Composite scores representing participant performance on each of the two robots and overall performance were calculated. The “paper cut” test took participants twice as long and the “ring swap” test took over three times as long on the Laprotek robot compared to the daVinci robot ( P P P P
Tetracyclines inhibit parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption in organ culture

Several tetracyclines (minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline), in levels approximating physiologic concentrations, were found to inhibit parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption in organ culture; the specificity of this effect was demonstrated by comparison with other (non-tetracycline) types of antibiotics. The ability of tetracyclines to inhibit bone resorption is consistent with the recent proposal by Golub et al2. that these antibiotics can inhibit mammalian collagenolytic enzymes by a mechanism unrelated to the drug's antibacterial efficacy, a property which could be therapeutically useful in diseases characterized by excessive collagen breakdown.