cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutset enumeration of network systems with link and node failures

Abstract Network reliability analysis has received considerable attention and is thus widely studied to predict and prevent any network failure. However, most of such works presume perfectly reliable nodes. Although a few studies have considered both link and node failures, none of these methods has utilized the minimal paths or cuts, which are considered as fundamental approaches in the network reliability evaluation. An efficient method for deducing the minimal cutsets of a system subject to both link and node failures from the minimal cutsets of the system, which assumes perfect node reliability, is presented. The proposed method does not require re-enumeration of minimal cutsets for the additional consideration of the node failures. For a simple extension of such a method, the proposed approach can be embedded in any exact or approximate algorithm to account for link failures as well as node failures. As a result, the application of this method would be more realistic and valuable in practice for the reliability evaluation of networks with unreliable nodes.
Magnetic Suspension with Minimum Coupling Effects for Wind Tunnel Models

In a multidegree-of-freedom suspension system coupling effects are undesirable because they make the calibration difficult and they can cause deterioration of the dynamic stability of the system. This paper presents an analysis of the coupling problem leading to the design of a particular system configuration. First, the support of spherical models by means of a three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension system is analyzed in terms of the forces acting on a magnetized point. It is shown that coupling effects due to displacements are eliminated only if the magnetization, the resultant force to be balanced and the axis of the field providing the balancing force, are aligned with each other. In the case of axisymmetrical models this condition can always be met, except for small disturbances, in a vertical wind tunnel leading through the coil which balances the resultant of the drag and the weight. The same coil provides the magnetization of the model. Orthogonality of the force axis system is achieved by using a pair of coils, operating in push-pull, for each of the force axes perpendicular to the axis of the wind tunnel. This arrangement eliminates first-order coupling effects between the force axes. It is shown that long axisymmetrical bodies can also be supported by the same system. This is made possible by decoupling the angular and the translational degrees of freedom. Restoring moments are produced by the field of the magnetizing coil.
Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide of Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) strain 2336 and identification of several lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene homologues.

Abstract The structure of the core oligosaccharide from a pneumonic Histophilus somni ( Haemophilus somnus ) strain 2336 was elucidated. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) was subjected to a variety of degradative procedures. The structures of the purified products were established by monosaccharide and methylation analyses, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The following structure for the core oligosaccharide was determined on the basis of the combined data from these experiments: The structural elucidation was intriguing as it suggested several differences in the LOS structures between strain 2336 and the related strain 738. Strain 738 originated following passaging of strain 2336 through a calf. The differences between the two structures are a different linkage between Gal II and GlcNAc (1→4 here; 1→3 in 738), the absence of phosphocholine (PCho) from 2336 and the presence of two phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) residues and Gal III (at the 2-position) of Hep II in 2336. Although pulse-field gel electrophoresis data following digest with only one restriction enzyme showed identical profiles suggesting that strains 738 and 2336 are the same strain, the structural data does suggest that, if strain 738 is indeed a phase variant of strain 2336, considerable variation occurred on calf passaging and could therefore be an intriguing example of how broadly this bacterium can adapt itself in the host.
Abstract 5578: SOCS2 (suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 2) is a prognostic indicator of progression-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

HNSCC is a common, deadly, and disfiguring disease. While combinations of radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy are highly effective in HNSCC, there is significant morbidity associated with the disease and recurrence is common. There is great interest in identifying molecular events and pathways which drive HNSCC progression in order that targeted therapies may be developed. The loss of the tumor suppressor function such as p53 and NOTCH1, as well as activation of the STAT3 and STAT5 pathways, has been implicated in HNSCC progression. We have identified interactions between STAT3, STAT5, and the novel tumor suppressor SOCS2 to be important in HNSCC. To extend these findings to humans, we performed experiments to identify prognostic markers in HNSCC and to investigate the expression of STAT3, STAT5, and SOCS2 in HNSCC tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays from resected tumor specimens of 123 stage I-IVB oral cavity SCC patients (treated with surgery +/- adjuvant radiation therapy) with annotated clinical outcome information from a median follow up of 76 months collected at the UT/MD Anderson Cancer Center. The array was screened with antibodies against STAT5, STAT3, and SOCS2, and scored in a blinded fashion by a pathologist. SOCS2 expression (present vs. absent) correlated significantly with recurrence-free survival in both the univariate (hazard ratio 0.24, p=0.0003; Cox proportional hazards model) and multivariate (hazard ratio 0.24, p=0.0004) analyses. Notably all patients who lacked SOCS2 tumor expression recurred within 45 months. There was a trend towards a correlation of SOCS2 expression with overall survival (HR 0.50, p=0.11) and disease-specific survival (HR 0.52, p=0.28). SOCS2 expression did not significantly correlate with tumor stage and extracapsular extension emphasizing that its absence is an independent marker of poor prognosis. Our prior published work demonstrates that STAT5 drives SOCS2 expression. The expression of SOCS2 in these patient samples positively correlated with total and phosphoSTAT5 (r=0.29 and 0.21 respectively; p This work was supported The University of Texas SPORE in Head and Neck Cancer (P50 CA097007), The Cancer Center Support Grant, and the ASCO Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award (WW). Citation Format: Courtney Nicholas, Maria I. Nunez, Nusrat Harun, J. Jack Lee, Jeffrey Myers, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Banibrata Sen, Adel K. El-Naggar, Stephen Y. Lai, Faye M. Johnson, William N. William. SOCS2 (suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 2) is a prognostic indicator of progression-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5578. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5578
Water Structure at Air/Acetonitrile Aqueous Solution Interfaces

How is interfacial water organized beneath an acetonitrile monolayer at the air/acetonitrile aqueous solution interface? The method of vibrational sum frequency generation was used to address these issues. It was found that the different water structures expressed at different vibrational spectral regions, i.e. the “ice-like”, the “liquid-like”, and the non-hydrogen bonded “free” OD, responded differently as the acetonitrile bulk concentration was increased. At the bulk acetonitrile concentration that was sufficient to form an acetonitrile monolayer and at higher bulk concentrations, it was observed that there are no longer vibrational resonances that correspond to the oriented collective water vibrations, i.e. the “ice-like” and “liquid-like” structures of water as observed at the air/water interface. The story was different in the free OD vibrational region where a red-shifted resonance was found at acetonitrile concentrations sufficient to form an acetonitrile monolayer. Speculations on the origin of t...
Lifetime history of Sexual abuse, clinical presentation, and outcome in a clinical trial for adolescent depression

To investigate the impact of sexual abuse on clinical presentation and treatment outcome in depressed adolescents.
Biosynthesis of D- and L-glycero-L-galacto-octulose from pentoses and hexoses

D-glycero-L-galacto-Octulose and L-glycero-L-galacto-octulose accumulated when leaves of Kenland red clover (Trifolium pratense) were allowed to imbibe solution of D-gulose or D-xylose and L-mannose or L-arabinose, respectively. The octuloses were isolated and identified by paper chromatography and by oxidative degradations to the corresponding lower sugars. Assignments of the D and L configuration were made on the basis of optical rotation. It is suggested that formation of the octuloses from the hexoses and pentoses is mediated through transketolase and aldolase or transaldolase catalysis, respectively.
Exact solutions for the quantum nonlinear trimer

Exact analytical solutions of the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation for three-site systems are presented by generalizing methods employed previously for the quantum nonlinear dimer. The transition from localized to delocalized states is markedly different from that in the dimer.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis in Airport Pavement Design

ABSTRACT This paper discusses work being performed at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Technology R&D Branch in the development of a three-dimensional finite element-based airport pavement design procedure for rigid airport pavements. The structure of the pavement design procedure and the function of the finite element structural model within it are described. A major focus of current FAA research and development efforts is on reducing run time. A simplified, single-slab mesh runs on a personal computer and returns a maximum edge stress in a fraction of the time required by the full nine-slab mesh. Results are presented for the simplified mesh for various aircraft types and slab sizes and compared to the larger mesh. Two types of foundation models are considered to represent a subgrade of infinite depth. A subgrade model consisting of discrete springs at nodal points approximates the distributed spring (Winkler) foundation with subgrade modulus k used in Westergaard analysis. An alternati...
CD11/CD18 panel report for swine CD workshop

Abstract Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PNK-I (W #037), H20A (W #077), MUC76A (W #078), MUC93A (W #079) and MHM23 (W #136) of CD11/18 panels reacted with 80–96% of porcine PBMC and PMN. Epitope mapping studies by competitive binding of mAb by flow cytometric analysis based on PNK-I as CD18 epitope defining antibody resulted H20A and MHM23 mAbs bind to the same shared epitope as PNK-I, but MUC76A and MUC93A mAbs were distinct from PNK-I. Thus, PNK-I, H20A and MHM23 were designated as CD18a mAbs.
Adrenal Development in Mice Requires GATA4 and GATA6 Transcription Factors

The adrenal glands consist of an outer cortex and an inner medulla, and their primary purposes include hormone synthesis and secretion. The adrenal cortex produces a complex array of steroid hormones, whereas the medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. In the mouse, GATA binding protein (GATA) 4 and GATA6 transcription factors are coexpressed in several embryonic tissues, including the adrenal cortex. To explore the roles of GATA4 and GATA6 in mouse adrenal development, we conditionally deleted these genes in adrenocortical cells using the Sf1Cre strain of animals. We report here that mice with Sf1Cre-mediated double deletion of Gata4 and Gata6 genes lack identifiable adrenal glands, steroidogenic factor 1-positive cortical cells and steroidogenic gene expression in the adrenal location. The inactivation of the Gata6 gene alone (Sf1Cre;Gata6(flox/flox)) drastically reduced the adrenal size and corticosterone production in the adult animals. Adrenocortical aplasia is expected to result in the demise of the animal within 2 weeks after birth unless glucocorticoids are provided. In accordance, Sf1Cre;Gata4(flox/flox)Gata6(flox/flox) females depend on steroid supplementation to survive after weaning. Surprisingly, Sf1Cre;Gata4(flox/flox)Gata6(flox/flox) males appear to live normal lifespans as vital steroidogenic synthesis shifts to their testes. Our results reveal a requirement for GATA factors in adrenal development and provide a novel tool to characterize the transcriptional network controlling adrenocortical cell fates.
CCL5, CCR1 and CCR5 in murine glioblastoma: immune cell infiltration and survival rates are not dependent on individual expression of either CCR1 or CCR5

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. Microglia/macrophages are found within human GBM where they likely promote tumor progression. We report that CCL5, CCR1, and CCR5 are expressed in glioblastoma. Individual deletion of CCR1 or CCR5 had little to no effect on survival of tumor bearing mice, or numbers of glioblastoma-infiltrated microglia/macrophages or lymphocytes. CCL5 promoted in vitro migration of wild type, CCR1- or CCR5-deficient microglia/macrophages that was blocked by the dual CCR1/CCR5 antagonist, Met-CCL5. These data suggest that CCL5 functions within the glioblastoma microenvironment through CCR1 and CCR5 in a redundant manner.
Model for a robust neural integrator

Integrator circuits in the brain show persistent firing that reflects the sum of previous excitatory and inhibitory inputs from external sources. Integrator circuits have been implicated in parametric working memory, decision making and motor control. Previous work has shown that stable integrator function can be achieved by an excitatory recurrent neural circuit, provided synaptic strengths are tuned with extreme precision (better than 1% accuracy). Here we show that integrator circuits can function without fine tuning if the neuronal units have bistable properties. Two specific mechanisms of bistability are analyzed, one based on local recurrent excitation, and the other on the voltage-dependence of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) channel. Neither circuit requires fine tuning to perform robust integration, and the latter actually exploits the variability of neuronal conductances.
Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products

The present report describes the biological effects associated with the feeding of three selenium-rich natural products in rats: high-selenium garlic, high-selenium onion and Brazil nut. The first two are experimental crops cultivated with selenium fertilization. Brazil nut is probably the only unadulterated high-selenium food that is available commercially. Tissue selenium profiles, liver glutathione concentrations and mammary cancer inhibition (in the dimethylbenz[a] anthracene model) were the endpoints of investigation. Parallel designs were set up to compare the three high-selenium products with selenite and selenomethionine. Previous studies have shown that treatment with seleno-methionine resulted in significantly greater tissue selenium accumulation, particularly in skeletal muscle, than treatment with selenite. In contrast, selenite, but not selenomethionine, induced a modest increase in liver glutathione concentrations. The objective was to determine whether the high-selenium natural products elicited responses that were similar to that of selenite or selenomethionine. Our experiments suggested that the high-selenium garlic and onion might have some unique attributes. First, their ingestion did not lead to an exaggerated accumulation of tissue selenium, a concern that was shared by both selenomethionine and Brazil nut. Second, unlike selenite, they did not cause any perturbation in glutathione homeostasis. Third, they expressed good anticancer activity that was equal to, if not better than, that of selenite. The chemical form(s) of selenium present in the high-selenium Allium vegetables will be discussed in relation to the manifestation of the above characteristics.
Spin-Magnon relaxation in terbium-doped YIG

Abstract The relaxation time of Tb3+ ions imbedded in YIG is investigated. In regions where there is a near-crossing of the two lowest levels the spin-magnon process is dominant and τ ≈ 10-10sec (0°K). The experiments of Solov'ev and Gurevich are in agreement with the calculation.
An approach to optimization of shape memory alloy hybrid composite plates subjected to low-velocity impact

Abstract The paper presents an approach to the problem of optimum design of composite plates subjected to low velocity impact. The deflections and stresses are reduced by employing prestrained shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers which are in the martensitic phase when embedded within the plate. At an elevated temperature, the SMA fibers transform into the austenitic phase and tend to contract. However, due to a constraint, the contraction is either completely prevented or reduced resulting in significant tensile recovery stresses. This tension reduces deformations and stresses in the plate subjected to low-velocity impact. The solution in the paper addresses an impact of cross-ply plates with SMA fibers embedded within the layers oriented in both directions. An approach to optimization considered in the paper involves variations of the volume fractions of SMA fibers in each direction subject to a constraint on the total volume of the shape memory alloy. It is shown that an application of SMA fibers can significantly reduce deflections and stresses. A further benefit can be achieved by an optimization of a distribution of volume fractions of SMA fibers between the layers.
Periprocedural Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Coronary Angiography With Possible Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Periprocedural hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of mortality in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, periprocedural management of blood glucose is not standardized. The effects of routinely continuing long-acting glucose-lowering medications before coronary angiography with possible PCI on periprocedural glycemic control have not been investigated. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM; n = 172) were randomized to continue (Continue group; n = 86) or hold (Hold group; n = 86) their clinically prescribed long-acting glucose-lowering medications before the procedure. The primary end point was glucose level on procedural access. In a subset of patients (no DM group: n = 25; Continue group: n = 25; and Hold group: n = 25), selected measures of platelet activity that change acutely were assessed. Patients with DM randomized to the Continue group had lower blood glucose levels on procedural access compared with those randomized to the Hold group (117 [97 to 151] vs 134 [117 to 172] mg/dl, p = 0.002). There were two hypoglycemic events in the Continue group and none in the Hold group, and no adverse events in either group. Selected markers of platelet activity differed across the no DM, Continue, and Hold groups (leukocyte platelet aggregates: 8.1% [7.2 to 10.4], 8.7% [6.9 to 11.4], 10.9% [8.6 to 14.7], p = 0.007; monocyte platelet aggregates: 14.0% [10.3 to 16.3], 20.8% [16.2 to 27.0], 22.5% [15.2 to 35.4], p
Kar3 interaction with Cik1 alters motor structure and function

Kar3, a kinesin-14 motor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for mitosis and karyogamy, reportedly interacts with Cik1, a nonmotor protein, via its central, predicted coiled coil. Despite this, neither Kar3 nor Cik1 homodimers have been observed in vivo. Here we show that Kar3 is a dimer in vitro by analytical ultracentrifugation. The motor domains appear as paired particles by rotary-shadow electron microscopy (EM) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of the nonmotor region shows characteristics of helical structure, typical of coiled coils. Remarkably, the Kar3/Cik1 nonmotor region shows greater helicity by CD analysis and rotary-shadow EM reveals a stalk joined to one large or two smaller particles. The highly helical Kar3/Cik1 nonmotor region and visible stalk indicate that dimerization with Cik1 causes structural changes in Kar3. The Cik1 and Kar3 stalk regions preferentially associate with one another rather than forming homodimers. Kar3/Cik1 moves on microtubules at 2–2.4 μm min−1, 2–5-fold faster than Kar3, and destabilizes microtubules at the lagging ends. Thus, structural changes in Kar3 upon dimerization with Cik1 alter the motor velocity and likely regulate Kar3 activity in vivo.
Tryptophane Requirement of the Chick

SummaryThe l-tryptophane requirement for optimum growth of the young chick is approximately 0.5% of the diet.
Automatic brain cropping enhancement using active contours initialized by a PCNN

Active contours are a popular medical image segmentation strategy. However in practice, its accuracy is dependent on the initialization of the process. The PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Network) algorithm developed by Eckhorn to model the observed synchronization of neural assemblies in small mammals such as cats allows for segmenting regions of similar intensity but it lacks a convergence criterion. In this paper we report a novel PCNN based strategy to initialize the zero level contour for automatic brain cropping of T2 weighted MRI image volumes of Long-Evans rats. Individual 2D anatomy slices of the rat brain volume were processed by means of a PCNN and a surrogate image 'signature' was constructed for each slice. By employing a previously trained artificial neural network (ANN) an approximate PCNN iteration (binary mask) was selected. This mask was then used to initialize a region based active contour model to crop the brain region. We tested this hybrid algorithm on 30 rat brain (256*256*12) volumes and compared the results against manually cropped gold standard. The Dice and Jaccard similarity indices were used for numerical evaluation of the proposed hybrid model. The highly successful system yielded an average of 0.97 and 0.94 respectively.
Response to: On methods of determination of homogeneous nucleation rates of protein crystals

Abstract In their letter, Galkin and Vekilov suggest that our analysis [Dixit et al., Colloids Surf. A 190, 47 (2001)] of their experimental technique [Galkin and Vekilov, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 10965 (1999); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 156 (2000)] for estimating protein crystal nucleation rates contains inconsistencies. Here, we examine their criticisms and find that our analysis does not contain inconsistencies. We conclude by restating our claim in [Dixit et al., Colloids Surf. A 190, 47 (2001)] that Galkin and Vekilov underestimate protein crystal nucleation rates by several orders of magnitude because of the way their experimental data is interpreted.
RADIO DETECTION OF SN 1985L IN NGC 5033

Observations of SN 1985L in NGC 5033 with the Very Large Array radio telescope have resulted in two detections of radio emission at 6 cm wavelength about 8 and 16 months after optical discovery. Combined with a number of upper limits and a study of possible models, these indicate that SN 1985L was probably a fairly normal Type II-L radio supernova, somewhat intermediate in radio properties between the well-studied radio supernovae SN 1979C and SN 1980K. A possible late-time optical detection, discussed in an accompanying paper by Fesen (1998), continues the observed correlation between radio and late-time optical emission.
Controlling spontaneous emission in bioreplica photonic crystals

Sophisticated methods have been created by nature to produce structure-based colors as a way to address the need of a wide variety of organisms. This pallet of available structures presents a unique opportunity for the investigation of new photonic crystal designs. Low-temperature sol-gel biotemplating methods were used to transform a single biotemplate into a variety of inorganic oxide structures. The density of optical states was calculated for a diamond-based natural photonic crystal, as well as several structures templated from it. Calculations were experimentally probed by spontaneous emission studies using time correlated single photon counting measurements.
Modeling of electrooptic polymer electrical characteristics in a three-layer optical waveguide modulator

The electrical characteristics of electrooptic polymer waveguide modulators are often described by the bulk reactance of the individual layers. However, the resistance and capacitance between the layers can significantly alter the electrical performance of a waveguide modulator. These interface characteristics are related to the boundary charge density and are strongly affected by the adhesion of the layers in the waveguide stack. An electrical reactance model has been derived to investigate this phenomenon at low frequencies. The model shows the waveguide stack frequency response has no limiting effects below the microwave range and that a true dc response requires a stable voltage for over 1000 h. Thus, reactance of the layers is the key characteristic of optimizing the voltage across the core layer, even at very low frequencies (>10/sup -6/ Hz). The results of the model are compared with experimental data for two polymer systems and show quite good correlation.
Epitaxial growth of cubic SiC by hot filament CVD

Abstract Heteroepitaxial films of cubic silicon carbide with twinning have been grown on (111) and (100) Si at 1050°C using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and a carbonization process. The carbonization process played an important role in formation of the crystalline structure of the grown films. The optimum condition of carbonization on the surface of (100) Si was different from that of (111) Si. The growth rate of the deposited films increased as the substrate temperature was decreased. With both acetylene and propane as a carbon source, epitaxial SiC films were grown at 1050°C on (111) Si.
Mutational Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARF1

Wild type and eight point mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARF1 were expressed in yeast and bacteria to determine the roles of specific residues in in vivo and in vitro activities. Mutations at either Gly2 or Asp26 resulted in recessive loss of function. It was concluded that N-myristoylation is required for Arf action in cells but not for either nucleotide exchange or cofactor activities in vitro. Asp26 (homologous to Gly12 of p21ras) was essential for the binding of the activating nucleotide, guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate. This is in marked contrast to results obtained after mutagenesis of the homologous residue in p21ras or Gsα, and suggests a fundamental difference in the guanine nucleotide binding site of Arf with respect to these other GTP-binding proteins. Two dominant alleles were also identified, one activating dominant ([Q71L]Arf1) and the other ([N126I]) a negative dominant. A conditional allele, [W66R]Arf1, was characterized and shown to have ≈300-fold lower specific activity in an in vitro Arf assay. Two high-copy suppressors of this conditional phenotype were cloned and sequenced. One of these suppressors, SFS4, was found to be identical to PBS2/HOG4, recently shown to encode a microtubule-associated protein kinase kinase in yeast.
Controlling urban form: the development of Boston's Back Bay

Abstract Planned for and controlled by Boston's elite in the mid-nineteenth century, Boston's Back Bay still retains a sense of its former grandeur as an upper-class enclave. The historical geography of the area reveals the overtly symbolic nature of both its overall plan and architectural design. A critical reading of the planning and design process suggests that in its final form, the Back Bay represents both the success of Boston's elite class as a manipulator of the urban land market, and the eventual failure of that class to maintain control over the city.
Fault detection approach for systems involving soft sensors

Abstract This paper develops a new approach for fault detection which involves soft sensors for process monitoring. Unlike existing approaches, which compare current measurements, or linear combinations thereof, to values of these measurements representing normal operations, the methodology presented here deals directly with the state estimates that need to be monitored. The advantage of such an approach is that the effect of abnormal process conditions on the state variables can be directly observed and that it is possible to include nonlinear relationships between measurements and states. At the same time, this type of approach has the drawback that the variances of the unmeasured states are not equal to the variances of the actual process variables due to the use of a soft sensor. However, for many popular soft sensor techniques, such as Kalman filters and related approaches, it is possible to compute variances of the predicted states that correspond to normal operating conditions. This paper presents a general framework for using soft sensors for process monitoring, i.e., soft sensor design and computation of the statistics that represent normal operating conditions, and illustrates this framework in three specific applications. It should be pointed out that the contribution of this work does not lie with the soft sensor design or the computation of the statistics itself as either part has individually already been addressed in the existing literature. However, the authors are not aware of any studies where both tasks are combined for process monitoring, which forms the contribution of this work.
Colubrid Snake Lycodon zawi (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Lawachara National Park in Bangladesh

Lycodon zawi is reported from Bangladesh for the first time, after its first discovery in 2001 from western Myanmar and northeast India. With a range extension of ~200 km, this is the first country record of the species from Lawachara National Park in northeastern Bangladesh. Description of live specimen, scalation patters, and natural history notes are presented.
Application specific image compression for virtual conferencing

Image compression has been an important research topic for many years. There are many kinds of compression techniques, but most of these do not fully take advantage of the characteristics of a target application. An example is virtual conferencing, one of the most popular applications in multimedia, which demands a huge network bandwidth. The paper presents an application-specific image compression technique focusing on virtual conferencing. The paper proposes a compression technique that compresses the image background and foreground (the face part) with different compression qualities. Compared to standard JPEG compression, our algorithms may reduce half of the image file size with a reasonably clear quality of background. This paper discusses how to divide an image into a background part and a foreground part automatically, and how to design and compare several different algorithms for compressing these two parts with different quality.
Effect of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage on neuropsychological profiles and vocational outcome following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury

Objective: Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (tSAH) frequently occurs in moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is related to worse outcome at time of discharge from the acute hospitalization. The current study compared neuropsychological impairment and vocational outcome at 1-year post-injury in patients with and without tSAH.Design: Acute injury, neuroradiological, neuropsychological and vocational data were collected for 100 patients admitted for neurorehabilitation following TBI.Results: Patients with tSAH had significantly worse vocational outcome than patients without tSAH. On neuropsychological measures, patients with tSAH generally performed worse than patients without tSAH across most neurocognitive domains. However, differences in neuropsychological test performance between patients with and without tSAH reached statistical significance on measures of visuospatial processing, verbal reasoning and mood only.Conclusion: The presence of tSAH appears to be associated with worse vocatio...
Optimality with hydropower system

This paper studies an electricity producer's long-term optimality in the case of a multireservoir hydropower system. The model solves the optimal production process and trading strategy of electricity and weather derivatives by maximizing the utility from production and terminal water reservoir level. The optimal trading strategy hedges the rainfall and electricity price uncertainties.
Current–voltage characteristics and increase in the quantum efficiency of three-terminal gate and avalanche-based silicon LEDs

In this paper, the emission of visible light by a monolithically integrated silicon p–n junction under reverse-bias is discussed. The modulation of light intensity is achieved using an insulated-gate terminal on the surface of the p–n junction. By varying the gate voltage, the breakdown voltage of the p–n junction will be adjustable so that the reverse current Isub flowing through the p–n junction at a fixed reverse-bias voltage is changed. It is observed that the light, which is emitted from the defects located at the p–n junction, depends closely on the reverse current Isub. In regard to the phenomenon of electroluminescence, the relationship between the optical emission power and the reverse current Isub is linear. On the other hand, it is observed that both the quantum efficiency and the power conversion efficiency are able to have obvious enhancement, although the reverse-bias of the p–n junction is reduced and the corresponding reverse-current is much lower. Moreover, the successful fabrication on monolithic silicon light source on the bulk silicon by means of standard silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process technology is presented.
Digenean metacercariae of fishes from the lagoon flats of Palmyra Atoll, Eastern Indo-Pacific

Although many studies on the taxonomy of digenean trematodes of marine fishes have been completed in the Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP) marine ecoregion, only a few have considered metacercarial stages. Here, the results are presented of a taxonomic survey of the digenean metacercariae of fishes from Palmyra Atoll, a remote and relatively pristine US National Wildlife Refuge located 1680 km SSW of Hawaii. Up to 425 individual fish were collected, comprising 42 fish species, from the sand flats bordering the lagoon of the atoll. Quantitative parasitological examinations of each fish were performed. Morphological descriptions of the encountered digenean metacercariae are provided, together with their prevalence, mean intensities, host and tissue-use. Up to 33,964 individuals were recovered representing 19 digenean metacercaria species from eight families. The species composition of digeneans in lagoon fishes at Palmyra Atoll is a subset of what has previously been reported for the EIP. Further, the large diversity and abundance of metacercariae reported in this study highlight the utility of including this group in future ecological research in the EIP marine ecoregion.
Abstract 1985: ZNF783, a novel zinc finger protein has tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC In the last decade hypermethylation of promoter regions has been accepted to be a prominent feature of human tumorigenesis by silencing tumor suppressor genes and other genes involved in cellular pathways. To study more in depth the involvement of aberrant methylation in prostate cancer tumorigenesis, we used a genome wide methylation array from Illumina (Infunium) to identify novel hypermethylated genes that might contribute to prostate cancer progression. ZNF783 is one such candidate gene. ZNF783 is Zinc-finger transcription factor that maps to human chromosome 7q33, a region implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. We have observed significant hypermethylation of ZNF783 promoter CpG island in prostate cancer cell lines and prostate tumors when compared to match normal prostate tissue samples from radical prostatectomy patients. The treatment of prostate cancer cell lines with pharmacological demethylating agents restored ZNF783 gene expression indicating a role for epigenetic DNA methylation in regulating ZNF783 expression in prostate cancer. The ZNF family of proteins has been identified to play essential roles in gene expression/regulation including inhibition of cell cycle proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The current study demonstrates a potential tumor suppressor role for ZNF783 in prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Rana Tbaishat, Songping Wang, Bernard Kwabi-Addo. ZNF783, a novel zinc finger protein has tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1985. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1985
A Framework for Developing Women Leaders Applications to Executive Coaching

Informed by extant literature, we develop a framework of women’s leadership development that integrates the key factors affecting women’s leadership development (challenging organizational contexts, work–life integration and career/life-stage concerns) and the characteristics of women’s leadership presence. We define leadership presence as a combination of a woman’s unique voice, style of engagement, and positive contributions—composed of her self-confidence, self-efficacy, influence, and authenticity. We apply the framework to three composite executive coaching scenarios developed from our collective executive coaching experiences. The applications illustrate how a coach’s guiding questions, focused on appropriate combinations of key factors and leadership presence developmental needs, can effectively facilitate women’s leadership development. Practical implications for executive coaching practice as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Experimental results of high-frequency direction finding with modern methods

The authors present experimental results concerning the application of modern parametric direction-finding (DF) methods to high-frequency (HF) signals. HF is challenging since the long wavelength typically implies a small electrical aperture (for reasonably sized arrays), which reduces the resolution of conventional techniques. On the other hand, the complex signal and noise environment is difficult to characterize, which can be challenging to model-based parametric techniques. In these experiments, field data was collected from a uniformly spaced linear HF array and analyzed with four DF methods: the conventional beamformer, Capon's method, Schmidt's multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, and the deterministic-signals maximum-likelihood (ML) method. The field data consists of several long-range, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) intercepts of international broadcasts with frequencies between 15 and 25 MHz, as well as several noise-only intercepts. The field data is validated, examined for indications of multipath propagation, and tested against the discrete wavefront model assumed by modern DF methods. The DF methods are then exercised in a variety of ways. Overall, the authors find that improved direction finding is possible at useful SNRs by using modern methods such as MUSIC and ML to model multiple modes. However, it is important that the correct number of modes can be identified, and automatic mode enumeration methods such as the minimum description length (MDL) test do not perform well at HF due to temporal nonstationarity and departure from the discrete-wavefront model. >
Assessing biophysical controls on Gulf of Mexico hypoxia through probabilistic modeling

A mechanistic model was developed to predict midsummer bottom-water dissolved oxygen (BWDO) concentration and hypoxic area on the Louisiana shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA (1985-2011). Because of its parsimonious formulation, the model possesses many of the benefits of simpler, more empirical models, in that it is computationally efficient and can rigorously account for uncertainty through Bayesian inference. At the same time, the model incorporates important biophysical processes such that its parameterization can be informed by field-measured biological and physical rates. The model is used to explore how freshwater flow, nutrient load, benthic oxygen demand, and wind velocity affect hypoxia on the western and eastern sections of the shelf, delineated by the Atchafalaya River outfall. The model explains over 70% of the variability in BWDO on both shelf sections, and outperforms linear regression models developed from the same input variables. Model results suggest that physical factors (i.e., wind and flow) control a larger portion of the year-to-year variability in hypoxia than previously thought, especially on the western shelf, though seasonal nutrient loads remain an important driver of hypoxia, as well. Unlike several previous Gulf hypoxia modeling studies, results do not indicate a temporal shift in the system's propensity for hypoxia formation (i.e., no regime change). Results do indicate that benthic oxygen demand is a substantial BWDO sink, and a better understanding of the long-term dynamics of this sink is required to better predict how the size of the hypoxic zone will respond to proposed reductions in nutrient loading.
Recovery of digitized signals using Slepian functions

The continuous prolate spheroidal wave functions (Slepian functions) were found to be useful for analog signal processing several decades ago. But the digital revolution left them in the dust since they did not seem naturally adapted to discrete analysis. Yet they have many desirable, even unique, properties that originally made them fascinating and could lead to some applications in digital and analog-digital signal processing practice. The simplest such applications involve the conversion of a digital signal to an analog signal and recovery of a bandlimited signal from their values at countable many distinct points on the real line. The Shannon sampling theorem, which is based on the sinc expansions, plays the most important theoretical foundation in such approaches. In this work, by using the natural connection between the Slepian functions and sinc function, several new formulae based on integer values of Slepian functions are developed. These formulae are then used to replace the sinc function in sampling theorems for digitizing bandlimited signals. Finally, they are used to construct analysis and synthesis filter banks for sampled values of a bandlimited signal.
0.7 W X-Ku-band high-gain, high-efficiency common base power HBT

Small sized AlGaAs-GaAs HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) have achieved excellent power performance throughout the microwave frequency band. With the implementation of the multi-via-hole design, the HBT performance (gain and efficiency) is maintained as the size increases. A 0.7 W common-base (CB) power HBT with performance around 10 dB gain and 50% PAE well into the Ku band is reported. The performance is comparable to the pseudomorphic HEMT in this frequency range. The yield and uniformity are excellent. The high bias voltage (9.3 V V/sub ce/) is also desirable from a system viewpoint. >
Malcolm on Wittgenstein on Rules

In 'Wittgenstein on Language and Rules',1 Norman Malcolm argues that following a rule must be, and according to Wittgenstein is, a social practice. This social practice requires 'a human community in which there is agreement as to whether doing such-and-such is or is not following a particular rule' (p. 5). Malcolm contends, against the individualist position of Gordon Baker and P. M. S. Hacker,2 that a person's following a rule in complete separation from other human beings for his whole life is impossible. Malcolm also contends that this was Wittgenstein's own view. I shall raise some doubts about both of Malcolm's contentions, but I shall not pretend to have settled the interpretive dispute. My main concern is Malcolm's argument for the view that rule-following requires a social community. Let us begin with Malcolm's interpretive contention. He holds that Wittgenstein's remarks on solitary language users3 concern only individuals who were trained in a linguistic community. Malcolm denies that Wittgenstein ever suggested the possibility of a 'forever solitary person with a language', i.e., someone who follows linguistic rules but has not been trained to do so by the members of a linguistic community. Malcolm contends that Wittgenstein's solitary rule-followers all share a key feature of Defoe's Robinson Crusoe: they have acquired language via training in a social context. On this reading, Wittgenstein holds that all language must be socially established, but grants that Crusoe can speak a socially established language to himself. Malcolm's reading seems to be the typical understanding of Wittgenstein on solitary language users. But it faces questions from some textual evidence, even some evidence cited by Malcolm. Here is Malcolm's own translation of MS 165, pp. 116-17 (with my italics):
Systematic gain-of-function genetics in Drosophila

A modular misexpression system was used to carry out systematic gain-of-function genetic screens in Drosophila. The system is based on inducible expression of genes tagged by insertion of a P-element vector carrying a GAL4-regulated promoter oriented to transcribe flanking genomic sequences. To identify genes involved in eye and wing development, the 2300 independent lines were screened for dominant phenotypes. Among many novel genes, the screen identified known genes, including hedgehog and decapentaplegic, implicated in these processes. A genetic interaction screen for suppressors of a cell migration defect in a hypomorphic slow border cells mutant identified known genes with likely roles in tyrosine kinase signaling and control of actin cytoskeleton, among many novel genes. These studies demonstrate the ability of the modular misexpression system to identify developmentally important genes and suggest that it will be generally useful for genetic interaction screens.
Waterlike anomalies for core-softened models of fluids: Two-dimensional systems

We use molecular-dynamics simulations in two dimensions to investigate the possibility that a core-softened potential can reproduce static and dynamic anomalies found experimentally in liquid water: (i) the increase in specific volume upon cooling, (ii) the increase in isothermal compressibility upon cooling, and (iii) the increase in the diffusion coefficient with pressure. We relate these anomalies to the shape of the potential. We obtain the phase diagram of the system and identify two solid phases: a square crystal (high-density phase) and a triangular crystal (low-density phase). We also discuss the relation between the anomalies observed and the polymorphism of the solid. Finally, we compare the phase diagram of our model system with experimental data, noting especially the line of temperatures of maximum density, the line of pressures of maximum diffusion constant, and the line of temperatures of minimum isothermal compressibility.