cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional Software Engineering Data and Feature Selection

Software metrics collected during project development play a critical role in software quality assurance. A software practitioner is very keen on learning which software metrics to focus on for software quality prediction. While a concise set of software metrics is often desired, a typical project collects a very large number of metrics. Minimal attention has been devoted to finding the minimum set of software metrics that have the same predictive capability as a larger set of metrics – we strive to answer that question in this paper. We present a comprehensive comparison between seven commonly-used filter-based feature ranking techniques (FRT) and our proposed hybrid feature selection (HFS) technique. Our case study consists of a very highdimensional (42 software attributes) software measurement data set obtained from a large telecommunications system. The empirical analysis indicates that HFS performs better than FRT; however, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov feature ranking technique demonstrates competitive performance. For the telecommunications system, it is found that only 10% of the software attributes are sufficient for effective software quality prediction.
Online public access catalogues: characteristics of the literature

The paper reports on the characteristics of the OPAC literature as reflected by the two editions of A Classified Bibliography on Online Public Access Catalogues [2.3] which covered 769 and 1226 unique references respectively. Data was collected on the number of authors and of author productivity, language of publication, format and year of publication, and the countries of origin of the references, as well as on Journal productivity. Whenever possible the data was compared with that of other similar studies of library and information science literature. There is a 24% of multiple authorship as opposed to 70.3% of single authors. English (93.9%) is the predominant language and 72.8% of all publications originated in the USA. The most popular form of publication is Journals (58.3%). The names of the most prolific authors and of Journal titles are also given.
Subwavelength Optical Elements and Nanoimprint Technology for Optical System on Chip

In this paper an optical system is integrated on a chip and fabricated monolithically. The two new platform technologies besides guided-wave integrated optics are discussed. Subwavelength optical elements (SOEs), a new class of optical devices well suited for wafer level integration, and nanoimprint technology an enabling nanopatterning method. To fabricate SOEs and harvest their potentials, a ultra-high-resolution large-area nanopatterning with high-throughput and low-cost is essential. Among all available nanopatterning methods, nanoimprint lithography (NIL), demonstrated appears to be one of the most promising technology for SOE fabrication.
Emerging research communities and the World Wide Web: analysis of a Web-based resource for the field of museum learning

Abstract In this paper we contrast the possibilities of the World Wide Web to transform communities of educational researchers with actual patterns of use of The Museum Learning Collaborative Web site. We highlight patterns of user interaction that have emerged and discuss the problems and opportunities of creating shared research resources in emerging fields such as museum learning research. Our findings have direct implications for three stakeholders: program funders, ourselves as project researchers, and the larger museum research community.
A Model for the Interaction between 2-Day Waves and Moist Kelvin Waves*

The eastward-propagating tropical low-frequency disturbances, such as the moist Kelvin waves or the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO), are often observed to experience convective enhancement when meeting with the westward-propagating 2-day waves. A scale interaction (SI) model is built to understand the nature of the interaction between the 2-day waves and moist Kelvin waves or MJO. In this model, the convective complex of moist Kelvin waves modulates the strength and location of the 2-day waves, which feed back through the upscale eddy transfer. An ageostrophic model describing the 2-day waves is first solved, and the resultant westward-propagating, backward-tilted disturbances are consistent with the observed 2-day waves. An explicit representation of eddy momentum transfer (EMT), eddy heating transfer (EHT), and eddy moisture transfer (EQT) arising from the 2-day waves is then formulated. The SI model shows that the 2-day waves in front of moist Kelvin waves produce an EMT accelerating the low-frequency easterly in the lower troposphere, an EHT cooling down the middle troposphere, and an EQT moistening the middle troposphere. These three transfer terms have comparable magnitude. Although the negative EHT tends to damp the moist Kelvin waves, both the EMT and EQT provide instability sources for the moist Kelvin waves. The 2-day waves also slow down the moist Kelvin waves, mainly through the advective effects of the EMT. So the unstable moist Kelvin waves may exhibit convective enhancement when meeting with the 2-day waves. The theoretical results presented here point to the need to further observe the multiscale structures within the moist Kelvin waves and the MJO.
Influence of Elastic Deformation on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Atomic Force Microscopy Probe Resolution

We have previously reported that 4−6 nm diameter single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) probes used for tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) can exhibit lateral resolution that is significantly better than the probe diameter when prone nanotubes are imaged on a flat SiO_2 surface. To further investigate this phenomenon, accurate models for use in atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were constructed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and AFM data. Probe−sample interaction potentials were generated by utilization of force fields derived from ab initio quantum mechanics calculations and material bulk and surface properties, and the resulting force curves were integrated numerically with the AFM cantilever equation of motion. The simulations demonstrate that, under the AFM imaging conditions employed, elastic deformations of both the probe and sample nanotubes result in a decrease of the apparent width of the sample. This behavior provides an explanation for the unexpected resolution improvement and illustrates some of the subtleties involved when imaging is performed with SWNT probes in place of conventional silicon probes. However, the generality of this phenomenon for other AFM imaging applications employing SWNT probes remains to be explored.
Environmental problems and ethical jurisdiction: the case concerning Texaco in Ecuador

Determining the ethical standards to apply to environmental issues presents a difficult dilemma for many managers. The many stakeholders to whom managers must answer tend to view environmental issues quite differently. Multinational corporations often encounter attitudes toward environmental protection in other countries that are quite different from those found in their domestic market. Corporate policy makers must address the national differences in values when determining ethically acceptable behavior. Using the case of Texaco and its alleged contamination of Ecuador’s Amazon jungle as an example, this paper applies the framework of Integrative Social Contract Theory to address issues of ethical jurisdiction and environmental protection.
A rapid look-up table method for reconstructing MR images from arbitrary K-space trajectories

Look-up tables (LUTs) are a common method for increasing the speed of many algorithms. Their use can be extended to the reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled k-space data using either a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm or a convolution-based gridding algorithm. A table for the DFT would be precalculated arrays of weights describing how each data point affects all of image space. A table for a convolution-based gridding operation would be a precalculated table of weights describing how each data point affects a small k-space neighborhood. These LUT methods were implemented in C++ on a modest personal computer system; they allowed a radial k-space acquisition sequence, consisting of 180 view's of 256 points each, to be gridded in 36.2 ms, or, in approximately 800 ns/point. By comparison, a similar implementation of the gridding operation, without LUTs, required 45 times longer (1639.2 ms) to grid the same data. This was possible even while using a 4/spl times/4 Kaiser-Bessel convolution kernel, which is larger than typically used. These table-based computations will allow real time reconstruction in the future and can currently be run concurrently with the acquisition allowing for completely real-time gridding.
Saproxylic Hemiptera Habitat Associations

Understanding the habitat requirements of organisms associated with dead wood is important in order to conserve them in managed forests. Unfortunately, many of the less diverse saproxylic taxa, including Hemiptera, remain largely unstudied. An effort to rear insects from dead wood taken from two forest types (an upland pine-dominated and a bottomland mixed hardwood), three tree species (Liquidambar styraciflua [Sweetgum], Pinus taeda [Loblolly Pine], and Quercus nigra [Water Oak]), and two wood postures (standing snags and fallen logs) in South Carolina produced 435 Hemiptera belonging to eight families and 14 species. The most common (>25 individuals) species were Lyctocoris stalii, Systelloderes inusitatus, Lasiochilus fusculus, Mezira granulata, Calisius contubernalis (a new state record), and Catonia sp. Lyctocoris stalii and Systelloderes inusitatus were almost exclusively captured in the upland and bottomland forest, respectively. Systelloderes inusitatus and Mezira granulata were recovered only from logs. Catonia sp. only emerged from P. taeda logs. Among the less common species, all but two of the 21 specimens of Peritropis saldaeformis were collected from snags. Similarly, all four specimens of Calliodis temnostethoides collected emerged from the crowns of snags. These findings strongly indicate that saproxylic Hemiptera are unevenly distributed among forests, tree species, and wood postures in the southeastern United States. A wide variety of dead wood is clearly necessary to maintain this fauna.
Synthetic aperture ladar simulations with phase screens and Fourier propagation

The ability to simulate the effect of turbulence on the phases and amplitudes of laser beams will aid the development of a practical synthetic aperture ladar (SAL). Simulations can obtain results in areas of interest that are resistant to theoretical investigation. Modeling turbulence with phase screens and using Fourier propagation can achieve the requisite simulation accuracy in reasonable computation time. Where possible, simulation results are compared to theoretical expectations. Tutorial information on generating random phase screens in a computationally efficient and conceptually simple way from a Kolmogorov (or any other) turbulence power spectrum is provided.
U.S. Security Interests in Ocean Law

Abstract This paper discusses the need for reassessing U.S. security interests in the developing laws and practices concerning the use of ocean space. The nature of these security interests is identified and their importance is weighed in terms of U.S. foreign policy interests and the requirements for maintaining those interests. A projection is made of the international political context within which the U.S. must act over the next decade. Estimates are made of the effects of different ocean regimes on U.S. strategic nuclear interests and other security interests. Conclusions are offered concerning, from the standpoint of U.S. security interests, the desirability and feasibility of resolving various ocean jurisdictional issues by means of the projected law of the sea treaty.
Aquatic tail size carries over to the terrestrial phase without impairing locomotion in adult Eastern Red-spotted Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens)

Many species have evolved phenotypic flexibility to adjust to seasonal changes in their environment, including seasonal breeding phenotypes that increase reproductive success. If there are limits to this flexibility, such that traits carry over across seasons, there may be costs incurred as a result of trade-offs in optimal performance. Male and female Eastern Red-spotted Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque, 1820)) increase tail size for the aquatic breeding season, and reduce their tail size as they return to the terrestrial environment after reproducing. We tested whether large aquatic tails (which should increase swim performance) carry over to become larger tails in the terrestrial phase (relative to body size), and whether this incurs a cost of decreased walking speed on land. We found a strong correlation between tail size in both phases, suggesting that this trait does carry-over between seasons and environments. Tail size was positively related to locomotor speed in the aquati...
A Comparison of the Photophysical Properties of Thiolate-Capped CdS Quantum Dots with Thiolate-Capped CdS Molecular Clusters

In the last several years, great advances have been made in the ability to synthesize semiconductor quantum dots with very narrow size distributions. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of thiolate-capped CdS quantum dots having reasonably narrow size distributions and make optical property comparisons to the crystallographically defined CdS molecular clusters having essentially “zero” size distribution. These clusters contain a “Cd 10 S 4 ” core and thiolate/halide capping ligands. The luminescence of the molecular clusters, like the nanoparticles, is greatly influenced by the nature of the capping ligands. Additionally, the luminescence of the molecular clusters can be quite similar to that observed for their larger quantum dot counterparts.
Hacia un catálogo de los dramas de Dionisio Solís (1774-1834)

La figura de Dionisio Solis yace en el misterio o el olvido, y hoy sabemos muy poco de uno de los dramaturgos mas activos e importantes de la epoca que viene denominandose como ‘entre siglos’: esa epoca de revolucion, invasion y represion entre el atardecer de la Ilustracion y el amanecer del romanticismo. Jose Simon Diaz, en su magistral Bibliografia de la literatura hispanica lo cita tan solo una vez como refundidor de una comedia menor de Calderon, La senora y la criada.1 Los historiadores de la literatura le dedican (caso de que se molesten en mencionarlo) algunas palabras como refundidor de obras del Siglo de Oro o como traductor de unas cuantas comedias francesas. La oscuridad en que yace Solis se debe a su propia personalidad, reacia a veces a estrenar sus obras originales, combinada con la censura fernandina y, por ultimo, al cambio del gusto publico que se opera, con notables consecuencias, entre 1820 y 1830.2 Sin embargo, un estudio detenido de la obra de Solis revelara un literato cuyas contrib...
Why do friendships matter for survival

Presently, the exact mechanisms by which friendship and social relationships affect health are poorly defined. Perhaps one day the physiological pathway between positive social experiences and health will be able to be defined. The idea that social relationships affect health and longevity has enjoyed considerable popularity ever since the seminal paper by Berkman and colleagues showed a protective effect of social networks on survival.1 Numerous studies have reported that being connected to people seems to confer various forms of health benefit. The paper by Giles and colleagues in this issue of the journal follows this line of research,2 showing that social relationships remain an important health resource into very old age. The paper further illustrates that this health benefit may be restricted to social relationships that tend to be more discretionary, such as those with friends and relatives other than children. Similar findings have been reported for other important health outcomes in older age, both by this group of investigators3 and others.4,5 Yet as appealing the idea is that social relationships, and friendships in particular, are good for our health, as elusive remains our understanding of why or how this is so. The list of answers to this question is potentially long and complex. The usual suspects have been covered previously, and are nicely summarised in the paper by Giles et al .2 There is little doubt that declining health affects the ability …
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells That Mediate Overexpression of the Chemokine IFN-γ-Inducible Protein of 10 kDa In Vitro and In Vivo

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis factor, has recently been found to have potent proinflammatory properties in vivo. However, the mechanism by which it mediates inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, we have evaluated the function of VEGF on the induced expression and function of the T cell chemoattractant chemokine IFN-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10). In vitro, we find that VEGF augments the effect of IFN-γ on the induction of IP-10 mRNA and protein expression in endothelial cells. Moreover, we show that VEGF and IFN-γ regulate the activation of the IP-10 promoter, and that the kinases PI3K, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, and Akt act as intermediary signaling molecules for cytokine-inducible IP-10 transcriptional activation in endothelial cells. To examine whether VEGF is functional for IP-10 expression in vivo, Chinese hamster ovary cells that were designed to secrete VEGF were injected s.c. into the skin of nude mice and were found to mediate a time-dependent increase in IP-10 mRNA. This response was reduced in animals treated systemically with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. When the Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing VEGF plasmid were injected s.c. into C57BL/6 wild-type or CXCR3−/− mice, they elicited an inflammatory reaction in wild-type but not in CXCR3−/− mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that VEGF-induced augmentation of IP-10 expression is a major mechanism underlying its proinflammatory function.
Back-up lights.

You and I look quite different, and neither of us looks much like a tree. Some of this difference is due to environment, but most of it is due to our "heredity"—I look more like my parents than like yours, and the attempt to understand the mechanisms of heredity is one of the great endeavors of our species. As healers of the sick, we recognize hereditary diseases and have tried to understand how such diseases might be inherited. Classically, we approach this question influenced by Gregor Mendel, first by defining an inheritance pattern—Is this disease "passed" as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked trait? Such information can be helpful for genetic counseling, eg, for predicting the occurrence of the disease in future progeny. For some decades now, we have tried to illuminate the mechanisms underlying hereditary diseases by shining on them the bright beams of biochemical analysis, by working
On Generalized Networks of Queues with Positive and Negative Arrivals

Consider a generalized queueing network model that is subject to two types of arrivals. The first type represents the regular customers; the second type represents signals. A signal induces a regular customer already present at a node to leave. Gelenbe [5] showed that such a network possesses a product form solution when each node consists of a single exponential server. In this paper we study a number of issues concerning this class of networks. First, we explain why such networks have a product form solution. Second, we generalize existing results to include different service disciplines, state-dependent service rates, multiple job classes, and batch servicing. Finally, we establish the relationship between these networks and networks of quasi-reversible queues. We show that the product form solution of the generalized networks is a consequence of a property of the individual nodes viewed in isolation. This property is similar to the quasi-reversibility property of the nodes of a Jackson network: if the arrivals of the regular customers and of the signals at a node in isolation are independent Poisson, the departure processes of the regular customers and the signals are also independent Poisson, and the current state of the system is independent of the past departure processes.
Avoiding Timeslot Boundary Synchronization for Multihop Message Broadcast in Vehicular Networks

The Timeslot Boundary Synchronization Problem occurs when timeslot boundaries become aligned leading to an increase in the probability of message collisions. This alignment, which can occur in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using the 802.11p protocols, adversely affects the performance of multi-hop message broadcasts. This paper describes the causes of this phenomenon and describes link and network layer design guidelines to address the problem. An integrated simulation system, which combines widely used wireless network and microscopic vehicle simulators, was used to simulate multi-hop emergency message broadcast in dense traffic situations. The simulation results show that addressing the Timeslot Boundary Synchronization Problem can reduce the total latency of multi-hop messages by 20.3% to 26.6%.
Antenna arrays with partially tapered amplitudes

A new technique is presented for linear array design based on a form of limited amplitude tapering. It is shown that desirable pattern characteristics can be achieved using an amplitude distribution that is uniform over all but a few of the outermost pairs of array elements, resulting in a partially uniform array. This method applies equally well to broadside and endfire arrays, and can be used to place pattern nulls in one or more specified directions or to eliminate virtually all radiation over one or more sectors of space. When compared with Dolph-Chebyshev arrays corresponding to the same sidelobe levels, partially uniform arrays provide a simpler excitation scheme in general and, in some cases, higher directive gain and a lower maximum-to-minimum excitation ratio. Both theoretical and experimental examples are given.
Work-of-indentation as a means to characterize indenter geometry and load–displacement response of a material

Normalized indentation works, referred to as the total and elastic energy constants, have been shown to be effective in the representation and analysis of experimental load‐displacement data. However, their physical meaning, influencing factors, variation range and relationships with other nanomechanical quantities are not precisely known. In this study, the load‐displacement data obtained as a result of simulations of elastic and elasto-plastic indentations are extensively analysed to enhance our understanding concerning these two energy-based parameters. It has been shown that while the total energy constant describes the state of an indenter tip and the type of contact regime, the elastic energy constant characterizes the response of a material to indentation. In addition, their applications in the evaluation of key nanomechanical quantities such as the indenter tip radius, the nominal hardness and the contact depth are also discussed. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
The Modeling of World Oil Production Using Sigmoidal Functions—Update 2010

Abstract The depletion of the world oil resource based upon the logistic function has been updated and fitted to the recent history of oil production. The analysis uses data through the year 2009 and further introduces the asymmetric Gompertz function in order to account for additional oil resources. Results of these calculations depict a range of production rates under different resource limits. The characteristic curvature coefficients and the peak years of production are fitted to United States Geological Survey estimates of ultimately recoverable resource (URR) limits between 2.5 and 4.5 terabarrels (TB). The logistic fittings yield peak productions from 30.4 to 38.6 gigabarrels per year (GB/yr) for URRs from 2.5 to 3.0 TB in years 2008 through 2016. The lower probability of occurrence URRs (from 4.0 to 4.5 TB) inclusive of forms of oils yet to be introduced yield peak productions from 30.9 to 33.5 GB/yr during the years 2018 through 2023. The Gompertz function is used as the model for the lower proba...
A Comparison of Heritability Estimates of US Negro and White High School Students

As you all know, there is a growing concern with the Negro problem in America. I will look at one small aspect of that problem today: the possible hereditary difference in ability between Negro and White. Fig. 1 is just one of many examples that could be chosen. It shows the extent of such differences in ability for different years, for male and female separately, between Negro and White students admitted to the University of Georgia, as reported by Hills (cf. Stanley and Porter, 1967). Ability was measured by the verbal score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test — a test widely used by college admission officers in the USA for selection of students. Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the fertility of Negroes and Whites, indicating that less able Negroes have the highest fertility, while more able ones have lower fertility (Bogue, 1969). Should the combined effect of these two factors (i.e., lower IQ,'s and greater fertility of low IQ, Negroes) lead us to worry about a gradual decline of the national level of intelligence in the USA? I believe not, and I will present some evidence which supports the thesis that the observed lower intelligence in US Negroes is due to an interaction between innate potential and unfavorable environmental conditions. If, as I believe, social conditions for the Negro are improving and if their greater fertility will level off as social conditions improve, we will not need to be concerned about a national decline in ability.
Recent Developments in the Use of Pheromones to Monitor Plodia Interpunctella and Ephestia Cautella

Stored commodities are particularly susceptible to insect infestation, in part, because food is rarely limited in storage facilities, and temperature and climatic conditions tend to be ideal for insect development. Furthermore, the handling involved in milling, processing, and transporting greatly increases the possibility of introducing insect pests into the commodity. These factors plus the very stringent requirements for absence of insects in processed commodities make sensitive insect monitoring tools necessary. Numerous entomologists have suggested that traps baited with sex pheromones may be ideally suited to this use.
Inflammatory and vascular markers and olfactory impairment in older adults

Background: the incidence of olfactory impairment increases sharply in the eighth and ninth decades of life but the aetiology of age-related olfactory decline is not well understood. Inflammation and atherosclerosis are associated with many age-related conditions and atherosclerosis has been associated with olfactory decline in middle-aged adults. Objective: to determine if inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis are associated with the development of olfactory impairment in older adults. Design: longitudinal, population-based study. Setting/participants: a total of 1,611 participants, aged 53–97 years in the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study without olfactory impairment at the 1998–2000 examination and with follow-up at a subsequent examination 5 and/or 10 years later. Methods: the San Diego Odor Identification Test was used to measure olfaction. High sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were measured in serum and carotid ultrasound images were obtained for the measurement of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque assessment. Medical history, behavioural and lifestyle information were obtained by interview. Results: inflammatory markers, IMT and plaque were not associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment in adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Among those <60 years, the mean IMT [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69–11.21, tertile 3 versus tertile 1] and the number of sites with plaque (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.17–2.08, per site) were associated with an increased risk of developing an olfactory impairment at follow-up. Conclusion: subclinical atherosclerosis at a younger age may be a risk factor for the development of olfactory impairment.
Acute Lung Injury in the ICU: Focus on Prevention

Acute lung Injury (ALI) is a syndrome characterized by the development of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in response to a variety of predisposing acute illnesses and insults. Among patients admitted to hospital with predisposing conditions, those requiring intensive care likely have a particularly high risk of developing ALI [1]. The reported incidence of ALI occurring after admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), however, varies widely depending on the setting, study population, and study design [2]–[6]. A common confounding problem is distinguishing those who already have ALI at the time of ICU admission from those who develop it later. In studies of general ICU patients that have attempted to make this distinction, reported rates of ALI after ICU admission are between 5 and 20 % [2], [3].
Abstract WP217: Hemodynamics of the Internal Jugular Vein in Healthy Subjects Using Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography

Objective: To study the hemodynamics of cerebral venous system by evaluation of the internal jugular veins (IJV) using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA) in healthy subjects. Methods: 263 healthy subjects (129 females; 134 males; mean age 50 ± 16 years) with no history of cerebrovascular disease were evaluated in supine position with QMRA at 3T. Flow rates of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) were quantified prospectively with 2D phase contrast MR imaging. IJV flow rates were retrospectively measured from previously acquired 2 D phase contrast imaging of the neck between the C5 and C6 level. Total internal jugular venous flow (TIJVF=LIJV + RIJV) was compared to total cerebral flow (TCBF=ICAs + VAs). Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of age, mean blood pressure (MBP), and other variables on TIJVF. Results: LIJV flow rates (229 ± 141 ml/min) was significantly less than RIJV (362 ± 165 ml/min) (P Conclusions: IJVs are the principle outflow pathway of intracranial blood. Reference values for flows in IJVs and TIJVF may help in the evaluation of conditions characterized by venous outflow obstruction (e.g. venous sinus thrombosis or pseudotumor) or excessive venous output (e.g. arterio-venous fistulae or malformations), as well as investigation of conditions hypothesized to be associated cerebral venous insufficiency, such as multiple sclerosis.
Development of a pharmacy student research program at a large academic medical center.

Purpose A program to promote research by pharmacy students created through the collaboration of an academic medical center and a college of pharmacy is described. Summary In 2009, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy and Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) expanded their existing partnership by establishing a program to increase opportunities for pharmacy students to conduct clinical–translational research. All professional year 1, 2, or 3 students at the college, as well as professional year 4 students on rotation at NMH, can participate in the program. Central to the program’s infrastructure is the mentorship of student leads by faculty- and hospital-based pharmacists. The mentors oversee the student research projects and guide development of poster presentations; student leads mentor junior students and assist with orientation and training activities. Publication of research findings in the peer-reviewed literature is a key program goal. In the first four years after program implementation, participation in a summer research program grew nearly 10-fold (mainly among incoming professional year 2 or 3 students, and student poster presentations at national pharmacy meetings increased nearly 20-fold; the number of published research articles involving student authors increased from zero in 2009 to three in 2012 and two in 2013. Conclusion A collaborative program between an academic medical center and a college of pharmacy has enabled pharmacy students to conduct research at the medical center and has been associated with increases in the numbers of poster presentations and publications involving students.
Inverted P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves in lead I in a 64-year-old woman

The combination of inverted Ps, QRSs, and Ts in lead I (Figure 1) suggests two possibilities: arm-lead reversal and situs inversus with mirror-image dextrocardia. The standard precordial leads usually settle the issue; they are normal in arm-lead reversal and show diminishing QRS voltage from V1 to V6, usually with dominant S waves, in situs inversus. This electrocardiogram (ECG), however, fits neither description. The precordial leads show a reverse of the usual progression. Lead V1 resembles the usual lead V6, V2 resembles the usual V5, and so forth, with V6 resembling the usual V1. Thus, the precordial leads also have been reversed. Figure 1. ECG in a 64-year-old woman. When the arm leads are reversed, lead I is an inversion of the true lead I; lead II is the true lead III; lead III is the true lead II; aVR is the true aVL; aVL is the true aVR; and aVF is unchanged. With these caveats and the reversed sequence of V1 to V6 in mind, this ECG is normal. An ECG recorded 12 days later (Figure 2) indeed is normal and resembles all of the ECGs recorded in this patient before the one shown in Figure 1. Figure 2. ECG in the same woman 12 days later. The bane of the electrocardiographer is the misinformation provided by artifacts, lead misplacement, and labeling the ECG with the wrong name (1). Most lead misplacement is not intentional. When it is intentional, such as recording the chest leads on the right side looking for evidence of right ventricular infarction in a patient with an acute inferior infarct, this should be stated clearly on the tracing.
New Properties of the Old Present Value Operator

Advances in computing technology have greatly enhanced methods for numerical calculations of present value and related measures such as duration and convexity. Nevertheless, closed form solutions continue to play an important role both in the classroom and in the real world. For example, it is well known that if r is the rate of discount and if C1 denotes the value in period 1 for a cash flow that grows at constant percentage rate, g, then the present value of the future cash flow can be represented as C1 / (r – g). Yet how many students or practitioners, and dare we ask how many finance professors, are aware that the duration of a perpetual cash flow that grows at a uniform geometric rate can be represented as (1 r) / (r –g) ? For that matter, how widely is it known that a simple closed form solution exists for the present value of a cash flow that exhibits cyclical variation over time or a cash flow that grows by a constant dollar amount each period rather than by a constant percentage amount? The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that these results, and countless others, can be derived from one simple but previously under developed property of the traditional present value operator.
Porphobilinogen and delta-amino levulinic acid in acute porphyria.

SummaryQuantitative studies on urine of an acute porphyria patient reveal a daily output of about 100 mg porphobilinogen and about 40 mg of δ-amino levulinate. This high rate of production suggests the possibility that the normal liver may convert these compounds to heme and thus may produce approximately 100-140 mg of heme per day. This heme might be then, the source of the early labelled stercobilin observed by London and by Gray.
Using patient-provided information to refine sexually transmitted infection screening criteria among women presenting in the emergency department.

AbstractEmergency department patients are at increased risk for infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea, but routine screening of asymptomatic patients is problematic. Limiting screening to patients answering the affirmative to 2 questions would reduce the number of tests administered by 51.9%, incre
Abstract LB-101: A novel role of semaphorin4a (sema4a) in genotoxin-induced DNA damage response in human lung fibroblasts

Dysregulation of DNA repair signaling after genotoxin exposure contributes to genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a genotoxin of occupational and environmental concern. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors (i.e., sodium orthovanadate (SOV)) activate key survival pathways. We reported that SOV enhances clonogenic survival after Cr(VI) exposure by overriding Cr-induced growth arrest in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). PTP inhibition with SOV increased expression of DNA damage/repair genes as determined by microarray analysis. Kinetic analysis of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by comet assay showed equal DSB formation 15 min after Cr(VI) exposure in the absence and presence of SOV. However, PTP inhibition significantly decreased DSBs 0.5-24 hr after Cr(VI) treatment. Aim of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanism(s) by which PTP inhibition affects DNA damage response during genotoxic stress. Gene expression was examined by DNA Damage Signaling Pathway PCR Array after 1 μM Cr(VI) treatment for 24 hr in the absence or presence of SOV. The PTP inhibitor reversed Cr-mediated changes in expression of several unique genes. Interestingly, the sema4a gene, known to be involved in T cell activation and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, was strongly induced by co-treatment of SOV and Cr(VI). Gene expression correlated with increased sema4a protein expression after co-treatment of SOV and Cr(VI). A potential role of sema4a in Cr-induced DNA DSB formation/repair in the absence or presence of SOV was assessed after sema4a siRNA transfection. Silencing of sema4a did not alter the effect of SOV on Cr-induced DSBs. However, sema4a silencing completely blocked Cr-induced DSBs 4 hr after exposure. These results suggest a novel role of sema4a in DNA DSB formation/repair in normal HLFs. Taken together, these data shed light on the emerging role of semaphorins as mediators of cell survival as well as potential therapeutic targets in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-101.
Solitary primary CNS lymphoma: long term survival following total resection

Primary non-Hodgkin's CNS lymphoma is rare, constituting 0.3-1.5% of all intracranial neoplasms in patients without AIDS. In the past 10 years the incidence has tripled in this population. The role of surgery is commonly limited to obtaining adequate tissue for diagnosis. This has precluded the evaluation of total surgical resection for a surgically accessible solitary lesion. We have encountered a 36-year-old healthy white male with primary CNS lymphoma who is HIV-negative and who has survived over five years disease free after total surgical resection of his lymphoma.
Comparison of the effects of water immersion and saline infusion on central haemodynamics in man.

1. The effects of acute intravenous infusion of 2 litres of saline/120 min on pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc), diffusing capacity per unit of alveolar volume (DL/VA), functional residual capacity (FRC), and pulmonary tissue plus capillary blood volume (VTPC) were compared with the changes induced by water immersion to the neck for 4 h. Serial measurements were made at 30 min intervals in five normal subjects, utilizing a non-invasive rebreathing method with a gas mixture containing 0·5% acetylene, 0·3% C180, 10% He, 21% O 2 and 68·2% N 2 . 2. Infusion of saline produced a rise in Qc which was similar to that induced by immersion. This increment in Qc persisted for the 3 h of observation after stopping the infusion, in contrast to the prompt decrease in Qc to pre-study values after cessation of immersion. 3. DL/VA was unaffected by saline administration in contrast to the marked and prompt increment induced by immersion. 4. Pulmonary tissue plus capillary blood volume was unchanged during both saline administration and immersion, suggesting that neither gradual saline administration nor immersion induces major extravasation of fluid into the pulmonary interstitial space. 5. The present data indicate that the ‘volume stimulus’ of immersion is similar to that of saline-induced extracellular fluid volume expansion in normal seated subjects. Immersion may be a preferred investigative approach for assessing the effects of volume expansion in subjects in whom rapid reversibility of the ‘volume stimulus’ is desirable.
Inhibition of Schiff-Reagent Staining in Chromosomes of Ovigerous Tissues of Anoetids; Whole Mites and Sections

Chromosomes of ovigerous tissue of anoetid species are difficult to stain with Feulgen reagents containing HCl and relatively high concentrations of SO2. The crystals in somatic cells underlying the cuticle, reported to be guanine, can be removed from whole mites or sections when hydrolysed in 1 N HCl at 60 C for 4 min. The hydrolysate of about 1000 anoetid mites, Histiostoma feroniarum, which had been fixed in Carnoy's (6:3:1) fluid for 2 hr, brought to water and then hydrolyzed, inhibits the test-tube reaction between a Schiff reagent and formalin. Paper chromatography of the hydrolysate indicates that it consists of at least 4 components, one of which co-chromatograms with known guanine. The ultraviolet absorption of a mixture of hydrolysate and Schilf reagent indicates that a colorless complex is formed in such a mixture. The refractory response of ovigerous chromatin to Feulgen's reagent may result from the incomplete removal of crystals or hydrolytic products from mites, as well as from the continue...
Analysis of Urine Lead Test of 127 Lead-exposed Workers

[Objective]To understand the urine level of lead-exposed workers in a storage battery factory,and provide evidence for prevention and control of lead poisoning.[Methods]According to "Measurements of Urine Lead by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry" WS/T18-1996,urine lead test was performed on 127 lead-exposed workers.[Results]Of 127 lead-exposed workers,urine lead levels of 23 exceeded the occupational exposure limit(≥0.34 μmol/L),over standard rates was 18.11%,urine lead levels of 23 exceeded the occupational exposure limit(≥0.58 μmol/L),over standard rate was 29.13%,the differences of over standard rates between different service length groups was significant(P0.05).The over standard rate was not related with gender and age(P0.05).[Conclusion]The status of lead hazard is serious in this factory,which should attract more attention from enterprise management.The effective control measures should be take to prevent and control lead poisoning.
Analysis of Public Health Emergency in Daliang City during 2006-2010

[Objective]To analyze the status of public health emergency in Dalian from 2006 to 2010,to understand the epidemiological characteristics,and provide a scientific basis for forecasting,warning and effective prevention and control it.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of public health emergencies in Dalian from 2006 to 2010.[Results]A total of 68 public health events were reported with1 392 cases and 13 death cases.Among all reported event,59 of them were infectious events,accounting for 86.76%,April to August(spring and summer) were seasons with peak incidence of public health events,58 events happened,occupying 85.29%;50 events occurred in school and preschool,accounting for 73.53%.[Conclusion]In Dalian the major public health emergency is infectious events,mostly occurred in spring and summer.School and preschool are the key places in public health emergency prevention and control.
ID: 82: DISTINCT ACTIONS OF ERα AND ERβ IN HUMAN PROSTATE STEM AND PROGENITOR CELL SELF-RENEWAL AND DIFFERENTIATION

Estrogens are implicated in prostate development and cancer, while stem cells are essential in tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that estradiol-17β (E2) treatment augments prostaspheres (PS) number and size, implicating them as direct estrogen targets. The present studies sought to elucidate specific roles for ERα and ERβ in prostate stem and progenitor cells. Prostate stem-progenitor cells were identified and isolated from normal primary prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) using long term BrdU retention in 3-D PS culture. FACS analyses (BrdU/ERα or ERβ) showed prostate stem and progenitor populations were both ERα+ and ERβ+. BrdU-retaining stem cells expressed high levels of ERβ and lower ERα as compared to non-label-retaining progenitor cells, suggesting ERβ dominance in the prostate stem cell. Estradiol increased BrdU-retaining cell numbers by enhancing stem cell self-renewal through symmetric division. While ERα siRNA blocked the E2-stimulated BrdU-retaining cells, ERβ knockdown augmented the E2-induced increase of BrdU-retaining cells. Together these findings suggest that ERα stimulates whereas ERβ suppresses stem cell self-renew. This conclusion is supported by separate studies on 2-D cultured PrEC with FACS stem-like cell side-population analysis using selective ER antagonists and siRNA. Although ERβ siRNA did not influence ERα mRNA levels, ERα siRNA doubled ERβ expression suggesting a suppressive role of ERα on ERβ action. In total, the present findings identify distinct localization patterns and roles for ERα and ERβ in human prostate stem-like and daughter progenitor cells with ERα driving self-renewal and ERβ braking division. We propose that a delicate balance between ERα and ERβ contributes to prostate stem cell niche homeostasis and that their dysregulation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis and progression.