cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolated paraaortic lymph node recurrence after definitive irradiation for cervical carcinoma

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of isolated paraaortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence after definitive radiotherapy, and analyze the prognostic factors and effect of salvage treatment. Methods and Materials: Of a total 876 patients who received pelvic radiotherapy after the diagnosis of primary cervical carcinoma, 26 were found to have isolated PALN recurrence as the first recurrent site, and these patients enrolled in this study. Only those with primary-site carcinoma controlled and who were free of other distant metastases were eligible. Nineteen of the 26 patients accepted salvage therapy. Fourteen patients accepted concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), 1 accepted radiation to the paraaortic region, and 4 accepted chemotherapy alone. Clinical parameters evaluated included tumor markers (SCC and CEA) and image studies. Results: Seven of the 26 patients were alive and disease-free. All 7 survivors had salvage treatment with radiation to the paraaortic region and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. None of the patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation alone enjoyed long-term, disease-free survival. The 5-year survival rate for isolated PALN recurrence of the 14 patients who accepted salvage concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) was 51.2%. The presence of a clinical symptom at the time of PALN recurrence was analyzed. Seven of the 12 asymptomatic patients and none of the 14 symptomatic patients survived without disease after salvage treatment. The SCC levels at recurrence showed a statistically significant relationship to disease-free survival. Conclusions: An SCC level of ≤ 4 ng/ml and a lack of symptoms at the time of recurrence were good prognostic factors in isolated PALN recurrence after primary radiation therapy. In addition to concurrent CCRT, periodical surveillance with tumor markers and imaging studies allowed early detection and salvage of those patients.
Neuropsychiatric Effects of Prescription Drug Abuse

Prescription drugs have become a major category of abused substances, and there is evidence that the prevalence of prescription drug abuse may soon overtake that of illicit drugs. Study of prescription drugs has been hampered by vague terminology, since prescription drugs are only separated from other drugs of abuse by social and legal constructs. Reviewed herein is published literature on the abuse of four major categories of abused prescription drugs: sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, anabolic steroids, and anticholinergics. The review emphasizes evidence regarding the effects of these drugs on neural systems. Other abused prescription drugs that fall outside of the major categories are also briefly addressed.
Extent and Benefits of Multi-Country Progeny Testing of Young Dairy Sires

One of the current trends within the artificial insemination industry is to progeny test young dairy bulls in multiple countries. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of multi-country progeny testing and to measure the corresponding gains in reliability of international breeding value estimates. Data of Holstein bulls that were born between July 1, 1992, and December 31, 1994, and progeny tested in countries that participate in the International Bull Evaluation Service were used in the present study, because these were the youngest bulls that had completed multi-country progeny testing before the study. Based on August 1999 international sire evaluation data, a total of 562 bulls from 10 countries were multi-country sampled for production traits during this 2.5-yr period, and 233 bulls from seven countries were multi-country sampled for type traits. The United States, Canada, the Netherlands, France, and Germany were most active in multi-country progeny testing, and Germany, New Zealand, Australia, France, and the Netherlands were the most common countries of foreign sampling. Mean reliabilities of international breeding values were calculated within each country. Means for milk yield were 0.89 for single-country sampled bulls with local progeny (i.e., progeny in the home country), 0.71 for single-country sampled bulls with no local progeny, 0.90 for multi-country sampled bulls with local progeny, and 0.78 for multi-country sampled bulls with no local progeny. Mean reliabilities for teat placement for these groups of bulls were 0.80, 0.71, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively, and means for rear udder width were 0.79, 0.60, 0.85, and 0.68, respectively. Gains in reliability in the country of foreign sampling were greatest when foreign progeny were located in countries that had low genetic correlations with the home country.
Health Care Reform: Ethical Foundations, Policy, and Law

Among economic sectors, health care has led the shift toward government domination for decades. The shift is propelled by the idea that there is a right to health care, a concept that was first articulated by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in his address to Congress in 1944, in which he spoke of a new set of basic rights, including “the right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health.”1 The debate over whether such a right exists has been ongoing for decades, some claiming it does exist,2,3 others that it does not.4,5 Although a right to health care has never been explicitly recognized in US law, the closest approach is in the new health care reform law with its amendments, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA).6 Various ethical arguments have been made for and against establishment of a legal right to health care in recent years—the current debate about the law rests on those ethical foundations. To clarify competing ethical theories, I will describe 2 distinct ideologies, by which I mean systems of more or less coherent ideas, which bound the ends of a spectrum of approaches to health care reform. The ACA and most other reform proposals are admixtures of elements from the spectrum’s boundary anchors that I refer to as “central planning,” which relies on regulatory controls, and “free market,” which favors minimal government involvement in the health care system. Opposing ideas drive these 2 positions: that health care is an entitlement that must be provided by society and that obtaining health care is the responsibility of individuals. I will start by describing an approach to the ethical thought that underlies free market systems, then do the same for central planning. I will go on to argue that central planning is fatally flawed and that free markets will deliver substantial benefits for individuals and for society. Then I will describe the implications of these ethical considerations for the development of public policy, and will end by briefly describing health care system reforms that are well grounded ethically and are likely to actually achieve the goals of increased access and cost control, namely, systemic reforms using market mechanisms.
Characterization of nickel complexes on oxide supports by secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract The nickel complexes Ni[P(OR) 3 ] 4 , where R = Me or Et, Ni(PR 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , where R = Et, n -Bu, or Ph, and ( η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Ni(PPh 3 )Cl supported on silica and alumina have been detected using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). When solutions of these complexes are deposited directly onto the oxide material, a method commonly used in catalyst preparation, these complexes can be identified by NiL n + ions, where L is the phosphine ligand, in the corresponding SIMS analysis. On the other hand, the SIMS of materials emanating from the reactions between solutions of these complexes and suspensions of the oxides produced only ions characteristic of the phosphine ligands. These results can be explained in terms of a stronger complex-support interaction relative to that obtained by the incipient wetness impregnation method. Supporting ( η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ni on silica, however, produced only Ni + in the SIMS analysis, a result which may reflect, in this case, the presence of oxide supported nickel.
Initiation and Formation of Porous GaAs

The present work deals with localized dissolution processes (pit and pore initiation and growth) of p- and n-type (100) GaAs. Pit and pore growth can be electrochemically initiated on both conduction types in chloride-containing solutions and leads after extended periods of time to the formation of a porous GaAs structure. In the case of p-type material, localized dissolution is only observed if a passivating film is present on the surface, otherwise, e.g., in acidic solutions, the material suffers from a uniform attack (electropolishing) which is independent of the anion present. In contrast, localized dissolution (pitting corrosion) and pore formation on n-type material can be triggered independent of the presence of an oxide film. This is explained in terms of the different current limiting factor for the differently doped materials (oxide film in the case of the p- and a space charge layer fin the case of the n-GaAs). The porous structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Auger electron spectroscopy, and consists mainly of GaAs. From scratch experiments it is clear that the pit initiation process is strongly influenced by surface defects. For n-type material, atomic force microscopy investigations show that light induced roughening ofmore » the order of several hundred nanometers occurs under nonpassivating conditions. This nanometer-scale roughening however does not affect the pitting process.« less
931-110 Effects of NPC 15669 on Myocardial Stunning and Infarction Size

Leukocytes have been implicated in myocardial infarction (MI) development and progression. We tested the efficacy of the novel leukocyte recruitment inhibitor NPC 15669 (Scios Nova, Inc.) on myocardial stunning (MS) and preconditioned MI. NPC is a member of the leumedins, and is an inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium via blockage of integrin binding. We also show, that NPC 15669 have strong antiplatelet effects. In an open chested swine model, NPC 15669 (10 mg NPC/kg loading dose followed by constant infusion at 6 mg/kg -1 /h -l )was administered in 6 animals. Myocardial thickening (MT) was determined by epicardial ultrasound. The left anterior descending artery was occluded for 8 min. followed by 90 min. of reperfusion, during which myocardial MT was recorded at regular intervals. We have found that treatment with NPC 15669 increases myocardial contractility and significantly decreases MS time compared to six controls (26.7 ± 4.0 min vs. 50.0 ± 4.3 min, p = 0.0026). This report also demonstrates the beneficial effects of NPC 15669 on myocardial tissue survival after a period of ischemia. In NPC 15669 treated animals 23.4 ± 6.7% of at risk tissue became necrotic compared to 53.0 ± 6.6% in controls, p = 0.0102. Our data suggests that NPC 15669 significantly reduces myocardial injury in both the stunning and infarction mod els. The precise mechanism of these effects is unknown, but may be related to the inhibition of platelet function and/or leukocyte recruitment.
Polymer-Induced Wetting Transitions in Liquid Films

Using the single chain mean field (SCMF) theory we investigate the effect of soluble polymer chains on the surface tension between a solid surface and liquid films. We find that end-grafted chains (brush) strongly reduce the surface tension between a liquid and an incompatible solid. This reduction is insensitive to the type and strength of monomer−solid interactions. Free chains reduce the surface tension between the liquid and the solid only if the monomer−solid interaction is attractive. Combining free and densely end-grafted chains is found to inhibit wetting, due to an inherent incompatibility between the grafted polymer brush and the free chain solution. Combining free and moderately end-grafted chains is found to enhance wetting if the monomer−surface interactions are attractive. These predictions are in good agreement with the experiments of Yerushalmi-Rozen et al.
Observations on the lipid constituents of white potatoes

The composition of potato lipid was ascertained and the presence of linoleic, linolenic and oleic acids was revealed in large amounts which signified that the lipid had a highly unsaturated structure. Further evidence to support this indication was the determination of the iodine number of the fatty acids to be 158-160. Also, in an accelerated stability test conducted on potato lipid, olive oil and Swift’s Triple X Vream at 148°F (64.5°C), the curve for the potato fat was almost superimposed upon the curve for olive oil which is regarded as an unstable oil. Therefore, in view of these findings, it is proposed that the “off” flavor developed in dehydrated potatoes on prolonged storage results in part from the oxidative rancidity of the lipid material.
Some agonistic actions of the morphone antagonist levallorphan on behavior and brain monoamines in the rat.

The effects of levallorphan, a narcotic-antagonist analgesic, were studied on locomotor activity, operant behavior (continuous avoidance schedule), and brain monoamine content in the rat. Levallorphan produced an increase in locomotor activity and in the rate of avoidance responding. Brain norepinephrine was significantly decreased 1 h after 256 mg/kg of levallorphan. Brain dopamine (DA) levels were lowered by 64 and 256 mg/kg of levallorphan. There was no effect on brain serotonin levels. The stimulant effects of levallorphan on operant behavior were blocked by simultaneous administration of naloxone. A clear antagonism of the effects of levallorphan on locomotor activity by naloxone could be demonstrated for low doses of levallorphan but not for doses above 16 mg/kg. Naloxone also failed to prevent the depletion of brain catecholamines produced by levallorphan. Naloxone alone had no consistent effect on either of the behaviors under observation or on brain monoamine content. These findings indicate that levallorphan is a stimulant of behavior in the rat, and that the stimulant action is mediated by at least two mechanisms: one which is blocked by naloxone, and one which is not. Furthermore, it is suggested that the rat should be considered as a possible animal model in which to study the agonistic properties of certain narcotic-antagonist analgesics on behavior.
Parasitism of Gonatobotryum Fuscum on Species of Ceratocystis

(1960). Parasitism of Gonatobotryum Fuscum on Species of Ceratocystis. Mycologia: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 584-598.
Some Physiological Determinants to Autonomic Responsivity to Sound

A pulse train of 80 dB (sensation level) served as auditory stimulus to evoke changes in the autonomic functions of heart rate, finger pulse volume, and respiration. Physiograph records from each o...
Investigation of early cancerous changes in bladder tissue by autofluorescence

Intrinsic fluorescence (autofluorescence) and reflective spectroscopy were used to study precancerous conditions and cancer in vivo in mucosal tissue of urinary bladder. Fluorescence was induced using 370 nm and 400 nm excitation, but 400 nm gave better separation of the groups. Biopsies were taken and frozen sections imaged on a fluorescence microscope with a CCD camera. The in vivo cystoscopy study had 19 patients and the cystectomy study had 35. Peak emission was 460 nm and it decreased with increased severity of disease with a 1.6 decrease from benign mucosal tissue to CIS and 3.2 decrease to invasive cancer. Invasive cancer grouped statistically differently from benign mucosal tissue using 460 nm emission while invasive cancer and CIS grouped statistically differently from benign mucosal tissue using normalized emission at 635 nm. Dysplasia did not group statistically differently from benign mucosal tissue. The fluorophores seem to be collagen and porphyrins. In microscopic images, the predominant fluorophore seems to be collagen fluorescing in blue strands while a secondary fluorophore seems to be inflammatory cells with yellowish-green round spots.
The Synergy Program: Reframing Critical Reading and Writing for At-Risk Students

In this description of a learning community for "at-risk" and basic writing students at the University of Wyoming, I outline the reasons our students resist academic writing prior to their entry into college—reasons largely unrelated to typical perceptions of at-risk students as "lazy" or intellectually less capable. For students who come from family or community cultures that are far removed from academic discourses and hierarchies, accepting a new form of writing—and therefore thinking—is akin to widening a rift between them and their home cultures. Because of this tension, faculty in the Synergy Program approach basic writing not as a deficiency in writing structure or mechanics, but as a deeply held attitude of uninvestment in the writing process. In an attempt to help students overcome this attitude of uninvestment, particularly toward writing projects involving research and clear thesis structures, Synergy faculty in the Composition and Critical Thinking courses collaborated in melding two courses that give students room to develop not only writing, but also reading and critical thinking literacies in a context that does not presuppose their investment in the process. The Synergy Program includes three courses in the fall and one course in the spring. In addition, students attend a one-day, six-hour summer orientation during which they gain an in-depth introduction to the program and form initial connections with faculty and peers. This article presents a learning community model for encouraging academic literacies that foregrounds students' anxieties about acculturation into academic modes of thinking and inspires owner- ship of course projects through ethnographic research and a capstone web portfolio.
Towards Safe Cities: A Mobile and Social Networking Approach

Population density and natural and man-made disasters make public safety a concern of growing importance. In this paper we aim to enable the vision of smart and safe cities by exploiting mobile and social networking technologies to securely and privately extract, model and embed real-time public safety information into quotidian user experiences. We first propose novel approaches to define location- and user-based safety metrics. We evaluate the ability of existing forecasting techniques to predict future safety values. We introduce iSafe, a privacy-preserving algorithm for computing safety snapshots of co-located mobile devices as well as geosocial network users. We present implementation details of iSafe as both an Android application and a browser plugin that visualizes safety levels of visited locations and browsed geosocial venues. We evaluate iSafe using crime and census data from the Miami-Dade (FL) county as well as data we collected from Yelp, a popular geosocial network.
New prospects for drug development: the hedgehog pathway revealed. Focus on hematologic malignancies

The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a critical regulator of vertebrate embryonic development and is involved in the function of processes such as stem cell maintenance and differentiation, tissue polarity and cell proliferation. Given how critical these functions are, it is not surprising that mutations in Hh pathway components are often implicated in the tumorigenesis of a variety of human cancers. Promotion of tumor growth has recently been shown by activated Hh signaling in the tumor itself, as well as by pathway activation within surrounding cells comprising the tumor microenvironment. Targeted disruption of various Hh pathway proteins has been successfully employed as an anticancer strategy with several synthetic Hh antagonists now available. Here, the molecular basis of Hh signaling, the therapeutic rationales for targeting this pathway and the current status of Hh pathway inhibitors in the clinic are reviewed.
Response to P.K. et al.: Bacterial laccases still have a case

In their letter, P.K. et al. [1] have provided some comments on our recent review (“Expression of industrially relevant laccases: prokaryotic style”) [2]. We appreciate their interest in our work but disagree with some of the interpretations they have made, and wish to clarify our thoughts on several points.
Redefinition: coping with normal results from predictive gene testing for neurodegenerative disorders.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the psychosocial impact and coping processes of normal (negative) results from predictive testing for an inherited neurodegenerative disease. Ten adults with normal results of predictive testing for the Huntington disease (HD) or the Pallido-Ponto-Nigral Degeneration (PPND) gene mutation participated in semi-structured interviews 1 month after receiving results, and seven of these participants were interviewed 6 months later. The major theme of Redefinition was derived using Knafl and Webster's analysis method (1988). People who received normal gene results experienced loss of former beliefs about themselves and developed new self definitions, relationships with family, and roles in society. This coping process evolved from a personal focus at 1 month to a broader future perspective at 6 months after testing. Identifying components of the redefinition process may be an important consideration in planning interventions to promote coping with normal gene results in persons within at-risk families.
The Representation of Fictional Information

Much of the information we encounter every day appears in settings that are clearly marked as fictional (e.g., novels, television, movies). Our studies explore the extent to which information acquired through these fictional worlds is incorporated into real-world knowledge. We used short stories to introduce fictional facts. The first experiment demonstrated that fictional information penetrates into judgments about beliefs, suggesting incorporation. The second experiment demonstrated, nonetheless, that representations of fictional information retain features of compartmentalization. We suggest, accordingly, that readers create hybrid representations of fictional information.
Analysis of residual stress in cubic boron nitride thin films using micromachined cantilever beams

Abstract We have investigated the residual stress of cubic boron nitride (cBN) thin films using a cantilever-beam deflection method. The residual stresses were determined by measuring the deflection of cantilever beams micromachined from (100)-oriented silicon, and the hardness and elastic modulus of sp 2 -bonded BN (sp 2 -BN) were determined from nanoindentation experiments. Residual stresses were compressive, and varied from approximately 0.15 GPa to 1.2 GPa for sp 2 -BN films and from 0.5 to 5.5 GPa for cBN-containing films; the lower stresses are below a threshold stress level for cBN formation previously suggested by McKenzie et al. A correlation between the relative cBN content and the compressive film stress was also established: larger residual stresses occurred in the films containing a greater percentage of the cubic phase. We find that both sp 2 -BN and predominantly cBN films have approximately the same elastic strain. Thus, assuming that the strain is independent of composition, we develop a quantitative model that well describes the observed correlation of compressive film stress with cBN content. Within the model, the film stress increases with increasing cBN content simply because the elastic modulus of cBN is substantially larger than that of sp 2 -BN. The relevance of this analysis to the mechanism of cBN formation is discussed.
Modeling FinFETs using non-equilibrium green's function formalism: Influence of interface-roughness on device characteristics

We utilize a fully quantum mechanical transport simulator based on the Contact Block Reduction (CBR) method to investigate the influence of interface roughness in nanoscale FinFET devices. In this work we treat interface roughness by creating a random deviation at ideal Si/SiO2 interface in real space, and then solving quantum transport problem fully self-consistently with the gates for the resulting device potential. We study the influence of interface roughness on device capacitance, drain current, and gate leakage for different regime of operation. Our simulation results show that gate leakage is significantly affected by surface roughness, even though the average oxide thickness remains approximately the same. On the other hand, the on-current is comparatively less sensitive to the interface roughness for FinFET devices with narrow fin width. Furthermore, we find that interface roughness significantly affects both the intrinsic switching speed and, especially, the cut-off frequency of FinFET with narrow fin thickness.
WHAT DRIVES MOBILE COMMERCE? AN ANTECEDENT MODEL OF MOBILE COMMERCE ADOPTION

Mobile commerce - the consumer’s engagement in online transactions with sellers using mobile devices - differs from traditional or electronic commerce due to the potential for location-specific real-time transactions and the unique attributes of mobile devices. This paper aims to understand what drives consumers to engage in mobile transactions by viewing m-commerce adoption as a process consisting of three distinct, yet inter-related behaviors: (a) ‘getting information’ (b) ‘giving information,’ and (c) ‘purchasing’ products and services using mobile devices. First, these three behaviors are integrated, using the theory of implementation intentions. Second, following the theory of planned behavior, each behavioral intention is predicted through its attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy and controllability). Third, a set of beliefs for each of the three m-commerce behaviors is identified, resulting in a comprehensive model of the drivers of m-commerce adoption. Finally, an empirical study with consumers in the United States tests and validates the proposed m-commerce adoption model. Implications for the adoption of m-commerce are proposed.
Plasma-Assisted Laser Deposition of Superconducting Thin Films — A Basic Study

An experimental study of the process of plasma-assisted laser deposition was described. It was found that atomic beams of Y,Ba,Cu, and O were inportant for the in-situ growth of superconducting films. These atomic beams could be modelled very well by a supersonic expansion mechanism. The atomic kinetic energies and their spatial dependence were measured and correlated to the thin film properties.
Girls' Experiences With Violence: An Analysis of Violence Against and by At-risk Girls

A growing body of work has emerged that examines crime and delinquency as gendered events. Given the prevalence of violence in the lives of women and girls, scholars have used various theoretical perspectives, including feminist pathways and “doing gender,” to investigate the victimization–offending overlap. The authors contribute to this literature through an analysis of juvenile court records using a sample of at-risk girls. The authors identify the context of girls’ experiences as victims of violence, perpetrators of violence, and both victims and perpetrators of violence. The authors conclude with epistemological thoughts regarding transdisciplinary research on girls’ experiences with violence.
Spiritual Assessment and Native Americans: Establishing the Social Validity of a Complementary Set of Assessment Tools

Although social work practitioners are increasingly likely to administer spiritual assessments with Native American clients, few qualitative assessment instruments have been validated with this population. This mixed-method study validates a complementary set of spiritual assessment instruments. Drawing on the social validity literature, a sample of experts in Native culture (N = 50) evaluated the instruments' cultural consistency, strengths, limitations, and areas needing improvement. Regarding the degree of congruence with Native American culture, verbally based spiritual histories ranked highest and diagrammatically oriented spiritual genograms ranked lowest, although all instruments demonstrated at least moderate levels of consistency with Native culture.The results also suggest that practitioners' level of spiritual competence plays a crucial role in ensuring the instruments are operationalized in a culturally appropriate manner.
Untangling a Global–Local Nexus: Sorting Out Residential Sorting in Shanghai

The local 'touchdown' of globalization gives rise to many complex global^local nexuses, and understanding their nature, structure, and consequences presents a major analytical challenge for globalization research. This paper attempts to untangle one global^local nexus by examining the 'sorting' of people into residential or neighborhood spaces in globalizing Shanghai as a function of individual demographic and socioeconomic attributes and by examining personal global connectivity as a key relational variable. We begin with an overview of how local residential differentiation in general and particularly in Shanghai has evolved through the current phase of accelerated global- ization and through the city's booming decade of the 1990s. Then, using survey data from the Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2001, we present a statistical account and analysis of the increasingly varied and layered residential spaces of Shanghai into which people are 'sorted' by both internal local and extralocal factors. The analysis shows that, net of a number of demographic and socioeconomic variables, personal global connections have an effect on people living in different neighborhood areas, especially in more expensive and exclusive housing estates. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings for how the individual-level impact of global connectivity could reinforce local spatiosocial stratification in rapidly globalizing cities like Shanghai.
EVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM IN MIDDLE EASTERN EDUCATION: A NEW PERSPECTIVE

Statements made in a recent outcry against a creationist in the Israeli Ministry of Education starkly illuminated Western misconceptions about Iranian science education. These misconceptions are perpetuated not only among the general public but also within the international scientific community, where investigations of "Islamic creationism" often incorporate misleading assumptions regarding Islamic religious attitudes toward science as well as the nature of secularism in non-Western states. In turn, these assumptions have led to superficial analyses that overly rely on state religiosity to explain the treatment of evolution in national science education. Therefore, a new framework accounting for local political and social circumstances is crucial and urgently needed to effectively analyze science education in the Middle East.
Superconducting Undulators With Variable Polarization and Enhanced Spectral Range

A concept utilizing superconducting magnets for variable polarization insertion devices is presented. The iron-free design enables full variable linear and elliptical polarization over a broad spectral range. With appropriate electrical switching the same device can access higher energies through period-halving, while continuing to provide variable-linear polarization; furthermore, separate switching will allow for period-doubling with full linear and elliptical polarization control. The performance, both in terms of field/spectral performance and in terms of polarization control, is compared to existing permanent magnet EPU devices. Engineering issues associated with the fabrication and implementation of the device are discussed
Respiratory cycle timing and fast inspiratory discharge rhythms in the adult decerebrate rat.

In supracollicular decerebrate paralyzed adult rats, neural respiration was monitored by bilateral phrenic recordings. In the study of respiratory cycle timing, the effects of vagal afferent input ...
eIF4G and CBP80 Share a Common Origin and Similar Domain Organization: Implications for the Structure and Function of eIF4G†

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) plays a critical role in protein expression, and is at the center of a complex regulatory network. Together with the cap-binding protein eIF4E, it recruits the small ribosomal subunit to the 5'-end of mRNA and promotes the assembly of a functional translation initiation complex, which scans along the mRNA to the translation start codon. Human eIF4G contains three consecutive HEAT domains, as well as long unstructured regions involved in multiple protein-protein interactions. Despite the accumulating data about the structure and function of eIF4G, the mechanisms of coordination and regulation of its interactions with other factors have remained largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that eIF4G and the large subunit of the nuclear cap-binding complex, CBP80, share a common origin and domain structure. We propose that the organization of the individual domains in eIF4G and CBP80 could also be conserved. The structure of CBP80, in complex with the nuclear cap-binding protein CBP20, is used to build a model for the mutual orientation of the domains in eIF4G and their interactions with other factors. The organization of the CBP80-CBP20 complex suggests how the activity of eIF4G in translation initiation could be regulated through a dynamic network of overlapping intra- and intermolecular interactions centered around the eIF4G HEAT domains.
A scalable solution for adaptive problem sequencing and its evaluation

We propose an associative mechanism for adaptive generation of problems in intelligent tutors. Our evaluations of the tutors that use associative adaptation for problem sequencing show that 1) associative adaptation targets concepts less well understood by students; and 2) associative adaptation helps students learn with fewer practice problems. Apart from being domain-independent, the advantages of associative adaptation compared to other adaptive techniques are that it is easier to build and is scalable.
Fine-scale spatial response of CdZnTe radiation detectors

Several studies have suggested that the uniformity of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors play an important role in their performance when operated as gamma-ray spectrometers. However, the detailed gamma response of simple planar detectors as a function of position over the device area is largely unknown. To address this issue we have built a system capable of measuring the detector response with a resolution of /spl sim/250 /spl mu/m. The system consists of a highly collimated (/spl sim/200 /spl mu/m) photon source (<150 keV) scanned over the detector using a computer controlled, two-axis translation stage. Fifteen samples configured as planar detectors were examined with the new apparatus. The material grade of the detectors examined varied from "counter" to "select discriminator". Two classes of spatial response variation were observed and are presented here. Infrared (IR) transmission images were also acquired for each sample and correlation between features in the pulse height spectrum and crystalline defects were observed.
Information and communication technology use, work intensification and employee strain and distress

Recent scholarship on work suggests that information and communication technology (ICT) use may be significantly altering job conditions in ways that are indicative of work intensification, which, ...
The Use of Clomiphene Citrate in Natural Cycle IVF

Natural cycle IVF (ncIVF) is a fertility treatment based on the natural menstrual cycle of patients. Compared with conventional IVF (cIVF), it is inexpensive and more convenient for patients, but in reality, it is more difficult to learn and to apply in an established cIVF clinic environment. The challenge for everyone, who is interested in learning ncIVF, is to master the techniques to control the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. This chapter aims to give an overview over LH control through Clomiphene citrate.
Early extubation attempts reduce length of stay in extremely preterm infants even if re-intubation is necessary.

OBJECTIVE Prolonged mechanical ventilation in the extremely premature infant is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Clinically, the decision to extubate the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant can be difficult. There is continued debate regarding whether it is better for an ELBW infant to remain on the ventilator or to extubate to nasal constant positive airway pressure (nCPAP). It has also been argued that repeated intubations may be detrimental to ELBW infants. We tested the hypothesis that earlier extubation attempts would decrease length of hospital stay and BPD. STUDY DESIGN A database maintained on infants born at <27 completed weeks gestation admitted to our all referral NICU for a 36 month period was queried (n = 224). RESULTS Day of life (DOL) of the first extubation attempt was inversely correlated with birth weight (p < 0.001) and gestational age (p < 0.01). The DOL of the 1st extubation attempt correlated with the need for re-intubation (p < 0.001), but not with mortality (p = 0.27). In survivors, earlier DOL of 1st extubation attempt was associated with shorter LOS (p < 0.001). Earlier DOL of the 1st extubation attempt was associated with less need for supplemental oxygen (p < 0.001) at 36 weeks CGA, while re-intubation was not (p = 0.50). CONCLUSION In our cohort of extremely premature infants, the earlier the first extubation attempt the sooner the patient was discharged home and the less likely to develop BPD. Our study suggests that extubation should not be delayed in extremely premature infants due to fears of need for re-intubation.
Accurately Citing Software and Algorithms Used in Publications

Properly citing academic publications that describe software libraries and algorithms isthe way that open source scientific library users ''pay'' to use thefree software. With large multifaceted libraries and applications thatuse several such libraries, even the conscientious user ends up citingpublications in error or missing relevant publications. Some opensource developers list appropriate citations on their website or intheir documentation. Based on a recent addition to the PETSc numericalsoftware libraries, we suggest an alternative model where the libraryitself generates the bibtex items based on {\bf exactly} whatalgorithms and portions of the code are used in the application.
Natural Antibodies Prevent in Vivo Transmission of Porcine Islet-Derived Endogenous Retrovirus to Human Cells:

The discovery of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) has raised concerns regarding the safety of porcine xenotransplantation. However, transmission of PERV had not been observed in humans exposed to porcine tissue. We examined whether PERV derived from porcine pancreatic islet cells could infect human cells in vivo and the role of natural antibodies in inhibiting PERV infection. In vivo infective potential of PERV was studied in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leucocytes. Porcine islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule. PERV infection was determined by analyzing PERV gene expression in graft infiltrating lymphocytes (GIL) harvested 21 days posttransplantation. Mice were administered normal human serum prior to and 2 days posttransplantation to study their role in protection of human cells against PERV infection. PERV genes were expressed in all porcine tissues examined, including purified porcine islets. PERV expression was detected in GILs from three of five human-SCID mice. Administration of human serum blocked PERV infection in GILs in five of five human-SCID mice. These results indicate that PERV from porcine islets can infect human cells in vivo. Normal human serum blocks transmission of retrovirus in vivo, suggesting that natural xenoreactive antibodies can prevent PERV infection.
Mediators of the relationship between acculturative stress and internalization symptoms for immigrant origin youth.

The present study examines the generational differences in the relation between acculturative stress and internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) with a sample of 304 urban residing first- and second-generation immigrant adolescents. In addition, the role of perceptions of social support—a critical element to healthy immigrant adolescent adaptation—is explored as a mediator of this relation. Results indicate that first-generation adolescents report more acculturative stress and internalizing symptoms than do second generation. Employing a moderated mediation framework (Preacher, Rucker, & Hayes, 2007), we find that perceptions of both emotional and academic social support mediate the relation between acculturative stress and internalizing symptoms for the first generation but not for the second. Our findings serve to expand the discourse of the “immigrant paradox” (Garcia Coll & Marks, 2011).
Probing the Evaporation Dynamics of Mixed SOA/Squalane Particles Using Size-Resolved Composition and Single-Particle Measurements.

An analysis of the formation and evaporation of mixed-particles containing squalane (a surrogate for hydrophobic primary organic aerosol, POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is presented. In these experiments, one material (D62-squalane or SOA from α-pinene + O3) was prepared first to serve as surface area for condensation of the other, forming the mixed-particles. The mixed-particles were then subjected to a heating-ramp from 22 to 44 °C. We were able to determine that (1) almost all of the SOA mass is comprised of material less volatile than D62-squalane; (2) AMS collection efficiency in these mixed-particle systems can be parametrized as a function of the relative mass fraction of the components; and (3) the vast majority of D62-squalane is able to evaporate from the mixed particles, and does so on the same time scale regardless of the order of preparation. We also performed two-population mixing experiments to directly test whether D62-squalane and SOA from α-pinene + O3 form a single solution or...
Surface tension measurement from the indentation of clamped thin films

We developed an indentation technique to measure the surface tension of relatively stiff solids. In the proposed method, a suspended thin solid film is indented by a rigid sphere and its deflection is measured by optical interferometry. The film deflection is jointly resisted by surface tension, elasticity and residual stress. Using a version of nonlinear von Karman plate theory that includes surface tension, we are able to separate the contribution of elasticity to the total tension in the film. Surface tension is determined by extrapolating the sum of surface tension and residual stress to zero film thickness. We measured the surface tension of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using this technique and obtained a value of 19.5 ± 3.6 mN m−1, consistent with the surface energy of PDMS reported in the literature.
Safety Outcomes Using a Proximal Protection Device in Carotid Stenting of Long Carotid Stenoses

Background: Embolic protection devices can prevent atherosclerotic emboli during carotid stenting. Newer proximal protection devices reverse flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA), leading to reduction in perioperative microemboli. The risk of stroke is high for carotid stenting of ICA lesions with a length >10 mm and/or angiographic string sign. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the safety outcomes of proximal embolic protection device usage in this high-risk group. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent carotid stenting procedures with proximal embolic protection devices at a tertiary care center. High-risk features for adverse events with carotid stenting were identified. Peri- and postprocedural outcomes were recorded. We further compared outcomes in patients with a carotid stenosis length >10 mm to those with shorter stenosis. Results: From January 2011 to December 2014, we included 27 patients; 96.3% were symptomatic and 3.7% were asymptomatic. There was a stent placement technical success rate of 100%. No major stroke or coronary events were recorded. One minor stroke event developed in one patient. A carotid lesion length >10 mm and/or angiographic string sign was noted in 21/27 patients, with an average lesion length of 14.4 mm. One patient (4.8%) in this group developed a minor stroke event. Neither a coronary nor a major stroke event was recorded in this group. There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the long lesion and the control group. Conclusion: In our patient cohort, it was found that a proximal embolic protection device is safe for patients with carotid stenosis, including those with a carotid lesion length >10 mm and/or angiographic string sign.
The dietitian and patterns of managerial leadership

Through the years, administrative dietitians have been in step in putting into practice developments in managerial theory.
Technology and Judicial Ethics

This paper was written for judges to assist them in understanding: their obligations concerning Facebook and other social networking sites, including "friending" lawyers; the confidentiality of email, texts, and other e-communications; the use of the Internet by lawyers to research jurors or potential jurors; the use of the Internet by judges to research the facts and law; and how to admonish jurors not to use the Internet to research the case before them or to discuss it prior to deliberations.
Post-extraction algal residue in beef steer finishing diets: II. Beef flavor, fatty acid composition, and tenderness

Abstract Microalgae cultivation for biofuel will yield a high volume of post-extraction algal residue (PEAR), which could be a viable source of nutrients for ruminants so long as inclusion does not have negative effects on beef quality and flavor. Eighteen Angus × Hereford steers (BW = 549 ± 38.8 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments applied for the last 35 days prior to harvest: PEAR hand-mixed into the diet at 1.0 kg organic matter (OM)/day (PEAR), or 1.0 kg OM/day glucose infused ruminally (GR), or abomasally (GA). In Part II of a two-part study, beef subprimals from each carcass from GR and PEAR steers were collected for evaluation by a consumer panel and for fatty acid analysis. Strip steaks were collected from each carcass from GA, GR, and PEAR treatments for analysis by an expert trained sensory panel and additional strip steaks were collected from each carcass from GR and PEAR treatments for tenderness evaluation. Data from the consumer panel and fatty acid analysis were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement (diet: GR or PEAR; primal: chuck or round). Data from the trained sensory panel and tenderness evaluations were analyzed as a one-way treatment arrangement. No significant differences for overall (all attributes), overall flavor, beef flavor, or juiciness liking were observed in ground beef from PEAR or GR fed steers (P ≥ 0.17), but various differences in fatty acid composition of ground beef did occur (P ≤ 0.03). No off-flavors were detected by the trained sensory panel (P > 0.05) and tenderness of strip steaks was not affected (P = 0.25). Inclusion of PEAR in finishing rations did not negatively impact consumer likability of ground beef products, impact flavor or tenderness of steaks, but did result in changes in fatty acid composition of ground beef.