cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of pH and Repellent Tactic Stimuli on Protein Methylation Levels in Escherichia coli

Intracellular pH (pHint) and extracellular pH (pHext) of Escherichia coli were measured at 12-s time resolution by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance: a sudden neutral-to-acid shift in pHext (e.g., from 7.0 to 5.6) caused a transient failure of homeostasis, with pHint decreasing by about 0.4 unit in ca. 30 s and then returning to its original value (ca. 7.5) over a period of several minutes. Membrane proton conductance was estimated to be 20 pmol s−1 cm−2 pH unit−1. Addition of the membrane-permeant weak acid benzoate at constant pHext also caused a lowering of pHint; at high concentrations it generated an inverted transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH). The buffering capacity of the cells was estimated by such experiments to be ca. 50 mM per pH unit. Effects of pH-related stimuli on the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) were examined: the steady-state methylation of MCP I was found to decrease when pHint was lowered by weak acid addition or when pHext was lowered. The extent of demethylation in the latter case was too great to be explained by imperfect steady-state homeostasis; a small but reproducible undershoot in methylation level correlated with the observed short-term homeostatic failure. MCP II underwent smaller and more complex changes than MCP I, in response to pH-related stimuli. The methylation level of MCP I could not, by any condition tested, be driven below a limit of ca. 15% of the control level (unstimulated cells at pHext 7.0). The weak-acid concentration needed to reach that limit was dependent on pHext, as would be expected on the basis of ΔpH-driven concentrative effects. The potency ranking of weak acids was the same with respect to lowering pHint, demethylating MCP I, and causing repellent behavioral responses. The data are consistent with a model whereby MCP I and hence tactic behavior are sensitive to both pHint and pHext. Evidence is presented that pHint may also have a direct (non-MCP-related) effect on motor function. Comparison of methyl-3H- and 35S-labeled MCP I revealed that in both unstimulated and repellent-stimulated cells the major species did not carry methyl label, yet it had an electrophoretic mobility that indicated that it was more positively charged than the unmethylated form observed in methyltransferase mutants, and it was susceptible to base hydrolysis. This suggests that a substantial fraction of MCP I molecules is methylated or otherwise modified but neither exchanges methyl label nor undergoes reverse modification by repellent stimuli.
Climate extremes and climate change: The Russian heat wave and other climate extremes of 2010

[1] A global perspective is developed on a number of high impact climate extremes in 2010 through diagnostic studies of the anomalies, diabatic heating, and global energy and water cycles that demonstrate relationships among variables and across events. Natural variability, especially ENSO, and global warming from human influences together resulted in very high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in several places that played a vital role in subsequent developments. Record high SSTs in the Northern Indian Ocean in May 2010, the Gulf of Mexico in August 2010, the Caribbean in September 2010, and north of Australia in December 2010 provided a source of unusually abundant atmospheric moisture for nearby monsoon rains and flooding in Pakistan, Colombia, and Queensland. The resulting anomalous diabatic heating in the northern Indian and tropical Atlantic Oceans altered the atmospheric circulation by forcing quasi-stationary Rossby waves and altering monsoons. The anomalous monsoonal circulations had direct links to higher latitudes: from Southeast Asia to southern Russia, and from Colombia to Brazil. Strong convection in the tropical Atlantic in northern summer 2010 was associated with a Rossby wave train that extended into Europe creating anomalous cyclonic conditions over the Mediterranean area while normal anticyclonic conditions shifted downstream where they likely interacted with an anomalously strong monsoon circulation, helping to support the persistent atmospheric anticyclonic regime over Russia. This set the stage for the “blocking” anticyclone and associated Russian heat wave and wild fires. Attribution is limited by shortcomings in models in replicating monsoons, teleconnections and blocking.
Examining tumor control and toxicity after stereotactic body radiotherapy in locally recurrent previously irradiated head and neck cancers: Implications of treatment duration and tumor volume

Background. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been studied in locally recurrent previously-irradiated head and neck cancers; however, the optimum fractionation and patient selection con- tinues to be defined. Methods. Patients (n 5 132) with locally recurrent head and neck cancer salvaged via SBRT 6 cetuximab (median, 44 Gy/5 fractions) from November 2004 to May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease outcomes and toxicity were analyzed by predictive factors including treatment duration and tumor volume. Results. At a median 6-month follow-up (range, 0-55 months), treatment duration 25 cc remained a significant predictor of inferior survival and tumor control, and was associated with significantly more acute toxicity (p 5 .017) but no difference in late toxicity. Conclusion. SBRT 6 cetuximab achieves promising tumor control and survival with low rates of acute/late toxicity even for recurrences >25 cc. Prolongations in treatment time may decrease late toxicity at the expense of disease control. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1349-1355, 2014
The Effects of Race, Sex, and Expected Returns on the Choice of College Major

This paper examines whether race and sex play significant roles in the choice of college major for entering freshmen. Of particular interest is whether women and minority students are more or less likely, holding other things constant, to choose to major in science, engineering, or math (SEM). Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study: 1988-94 (NELS:88), results indicate that, even controlling for individual, family, and school characteristics, females are less likely, and Asians and Blacks are more likely, to choose SEM majors. However, including expected returns in the estimation eliminates the significance of being female and Asian (but not Black) on SEM major choice.
Saving Culture Through Language: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study of Ojibwe Language Immersion Educator Experience

With the near extinction of many tribal languages at the present, language immersion education offers considerable promise for the restoration of Ojibwe culture and identity. Through a series of structured interviews and longitudinal text-based dialogue with the researcher, eight educators from three school-based programs described the lived practice of working with culture in language immersion education. The study principally revealed how the lived experience of Ojibwe language immersion educators is important, challenging, and rewarding. The dynamic synergy of culture, language, and content that happens in Ojibwe language immersion requires competent and creative educators who are knowledgeable about language, cultural traditions, and teaching practice. The study concludes by noting how the lived experience of immersion school practitioners as cultural workers is marked not only by excellence in practice and professionalism, but by dedication, responsibility, and hope for the future of the culture, language and tribal nation itself.
Why psychiatry is a branch of medicine

Preface Introduction 1. The medical model 2. Research implications of the medical model 3. Diagnosis 4. Biology and psychiatry 5. Psychotherapy 6. Philosophical issues 7. Education, training, and research 8. Summing up References
Antioxidant Rescue of Selenomethionine-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that can be found at toxic concentrations in surface waters contaminated by runoff from agriculture and coal mining. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to aqueous Se in the form of selenate, selenite, and l-selenomethionine (SeMet) in an attempt to determine if oxidative stress plays a role in selenium embryo toxicity. Selenate and selenite exposure did not induce embryo deformities (lordosis and craniofacial malformation). l-selenomethionine, however, induced significantly higher deformity rates at 100 µg/L compared with controls. SeMet exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (gclc) and reached an 11.7-fold increase at 100 µg/L. SeMet exposure also reduced concentrations of TGSH, RGSH, and the TGSH:GSSG ratio. Pretreatment with 100 µM N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced deformities in the zebrafish embryos secondarily treated with 400 µg/L SeMet from approximately 50–10 % as well as rescued all three of the significant glutathione level differences seen with SeMet alone. Selenite exposure induced a 6.6-fold increase in expression of the glutathione-S-transferase pi class 2 (gstp2) gene, which is involved in xenobiotic transformation and possibly oxidative stress. These results suggest that aqueous exposure to SeMet can induce significant embryonic teratogenesis in zebrafish that are at least partially attributed to oxidative stress.
Mortality and behavior in Heterodera glycines juveniles following exposure to isothiocyanate compounds.

For this report, we examined the toxic effects of three plant-derived isothiocyanate compounds on second-stage juveniles (J 2) ofHeterodera glycines. We found significant differences among compounds in the concentration required to affect nema- todes, according to mortality and behavioral measurements. The concentrations required to affect behavior were significantly lower than those required for mortality. Both mortality and behavioral measurements were used to investigate whether nema- todes in a quiescent state display decreased sensitivity to isothiocyanates compared with actively moving nematodes. Mortality measurements revealed that quiescent nematodes were significantly less sensitive to isothiocyanates than active nematodes. All behavioral measurements following exposure to benzyl- and phenyl isothiocyanate showed significant differences in sensitivity between quiescent and active nematodes. However, significant differences between quiescent and active nematodes were observed in only one of the five behavioral measurements following exposure to allyl isothiocyanate. These results expand the list of plant- derived compounds toxic to H. glycines and illustrate the impact of behavioral quiescence on nematode sensitivity to exogenous
Use of the Multiple Cavity Laser Holographic System for EBW Analysis

A four-pulse multiple cavity laser" (MCL) system was developed for use in recording time sequential holograms of fast events. It was used to record four double exposed holograms of an exploding bridge wire (EBW) on a single 10E75 plate with between 2 and 5 i s framing time. The holograms were written and processed to an optical density of 2.0. The complex change in index of refraction of the plasma created is visible in the fringe structure of the reconstructed image. The shock front was measured to propagate at an average speed of between 0.13 and 0.14 cm/us. Main advantages of the MCL holographic system are: (1) loy cost, (2) greater energy/time interval, and (3) electronic c, ,ntrol of the time interval between frames.
LGBTQ Responsive School Counseling

Comprehensive, developmental school counseling is associated with positive outcomes. Despite this, research has indicated that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) students may still remain invisible and underserved in schools. The authors propose LGBTQ Responsive School Counseling for school counselors to address this potential gap. Examples of LGBTQ responsive school counseling curriculum, student planning, counseling, and systems support activities are provided. Implications for training, practice, and research are also discussed.
Ventilatory Response to Carbon Dioxide in Humans

Testing ventilatory responses to CO2 is fraught with difficulties in interpretation and, at present, it can hardly be considered suitable for routine evaluation of patients with pulmonary disease. In spite of the seventy years' work since Haldane's introduction of the CO2 response curve, much remains to be learned about the various components of the regulatory system, and for testing chemosensitivity to CO2 in patients with pulmonary disease, methods more direct than measuring pulmonary ventilation are needed for evaluation of the output of the regulatory system.
What benefit can be derived from treating normocholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease

Controversy still remains regarding the possible clinical or arteriographic benefit of intensive lipid-altering therapy in patients who have coronary artery disease and apparently normal lipid levels. Resolution of this controversy appears to depend on an improved understanding of the role of variables other than total or low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. A comparison of the "normolipidemic" subgroup of The Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study patients and The Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project patients indicates that low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated levels of apolipoprotein B appear to increase considerably the likelihood of benefit from intensive lipid-altering therapy. Other risk-related variables such as systolic blood pressure and lipoprotein(a) further contribute to the prediction of risk and possibly to the potential for treatment benefit.
Discovering H-Bonding Rules in Crystals with Inductive Logic Programming

In the domain of crystal engineering, various schemes have been proposed for the classification of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) patterns observed in 3D crystal structures. In this study, the aim is to complement these schemes with rules that predict H-bonding in crystals from 2D structural information only. Modern computational power and the advances in inductive logic programming (ILP) can now provide computational chemistry with the opportunity for extracting structure-specific rules from large databases that can be incorporated into expert systems. ILP technology is here applied to H-bonding in crystals to develop a self-extracting expert system utilizing data in the Cambridge Structural Database of small molecule crystal structures. A clear increase in performance was observed when the ILP system DMax was allowed to refer to the local structural environment of the possible H-bond donor/acceptor pairs. This ability distinguishes ILP from more traditional approaches that build rules on the basis of global molecular properties.
Damn the Recession, Full Speed Ahead

ABSTRACT Academic libraries have undergone an evolutionary change as emerging technologies have impacted operations and services during the past two decades. For much of this period, increasing budgets have enabled libraries to keep pace with needed change. For the past two years, many academic libraries have lost significant funding due to the economic recession. This article argues that it is not a time for retrenchment and timidity but for expansion and boldness for academic libraries. The library that thrives, even in the midst of a recession, will be the one which seizes the opportunity to redesign itself for the future.
BURNSIDE AND KUROSH PROBLEMS

For any integer d≥2 and over any field , we construct a residually finite nonnilpotent nil algebra over generated by d elements such that any d-1 elements generate a nilpotent subalgebra. This leads to analogous results for nonassociative algebras and groups. In our proof we do not use the well-known Golod-Safarevis lemma.
Strategies for Streamlining Emergency Stroke Care

There has been a tremendous evolution in the stroke systems of care in the USA. Public awareness, prehospital care, and in-hospital protocols have never been so effectively connected. However, given the critical role of time to effective reperfusion in the setting of acute ischemic stroke, it is vital and timely to implement strategies to further streamline emergency stroke care. This article reviews the most current standards and guidelines related to the flow of stroke care in the prehospital and emergency settings.
Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene with New Alkoxyamines from 4-Nitrophenyl 2-Methylpropionat-2-yl Radicals

The N-phenylalkoxyamine N-(1-methyl-(1-(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl)ethoxy)-N-(1-methyl-(1-(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl)ethyl)benzenamine (1) was prepared by the addition of 4-nitrophenyl 2-methylpropionat-2-yl radicals across the double bond of nitrosobenzene and evaluated as an initiator for nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). N-Phenylalkoxyamines have not been extensively studied in NMP, though they have shown promise in controlling methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization to moderate conversions. It is thought that delocalization of the nitroxide radical through the N-phenyl substituent may minimize cross-disproportionation of the nitroxide with the chain end that has made NMP of MMA difficult. Here, we show that alkoxyamine 1 is capable of controlling the NMP of MMA to 50% conversion while maintaining narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.12−1.30). Additionally, chain extension from the resulting PMMA macroinitiators with MMA or styrene allows the formation of diblock copolymers. The correspo...
Improving the accuracy of computer-aided radiographic weld inspection by feature selection

Abstract This paper presents new results of our continuous effort to develop a computer-aided radiographic weld inspection system. The focus of this study is on improving accuracy by feature selection. To this end, we propose two versions of ant colony optimization (ACO)-based algorithms for feature selection and show their effectiveness to improve the accuracy in detecting weld flaws and the accuracy in classifying weld flaw types. The performances of ACO-based methods are compared with that of no feature selection and that of sequential forward floating selection, which is a known good feature selection method. Four different classifiers, including nearest mean, k -nearest neighbor, fuzzy k -nearest neighbor, and center-based nearest neighbor, are employed to carry out the tasks of weld flaw identification and weld flaw type classification.
Rehabilitation Agency Leadership Style Impact on Subordinates' Job Satisfaction

One hundred five rehabilitation employees were surveyed on the effect of leadership style on subordinates' perceptions of their work environment and on their job satisfaction. Findings suggest that...
Comparison of responses to rat and human adrenomedullin in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat.

Abstract Responses to rat (r) adrenomedullin (ADM) and human (h) ADM were compared in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat under conditions of controlled blood flow. Intra-arterial injections of rADM and hADM in doses of 0.03–1 nmol caused dose-related decreases in hindlimb perfusion pressure. In terms of relative vasodilator activity, rADM was similar to hADM. The time course of the vasodilator response and the recovery half times ( T 1/2 ) for the vasodilator response to rADM and hADM were not significantly different. Decreases in hindlimb perfusion pressure in response to rADM and hADM were not altered by the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, rCGRP(8–37), at the same time, vasodilator responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were significantly reduced. The T 1/2 of the vasodilator response to rADM and hADM were significantly greater after administration of the cAMP-selective, type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram. These data demonstrate that decreases in hindlimb perfusion pressure in response to rADM and hADM are similar and that vasodilator responses to rADM are not dependent on the activation of CGRP receptors in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat. These data further suggest that decreases in hindlimb perfusion pressure in response to rADM are mediated by smooth muscle increases in cAMP levels.
High temperature nanoindentation of a Re-bearing single crystal Ni-base superalloy

Nanoindentation studies of single crystal Ni-base superalloy CMSX-4 oriented in the 〈0 0 1〉 and 〈1 1 0〉 directions were conducted over a range of temperatures from 303 to 673 K. The creep compliance at peak load was measured at each of the test temperatures and incorporated into the contact mechanics analyses to calculate the elastic modulus of CMSX-4 as a function of temperature. The measured variations in hardness and modulus as a function of temperature determined via nanoindentation are consistent with previously reported values.
Relative biological effectiveness of a high energy modulated proton beam using a spontaneous murine tumor In vivo

Abstract The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for proton beams produced by 160 MeV Harvard University synchrocyclotron was studied in C3Hf/Sed mouse fibrosarcoma (FSa-II). Reference radiation was Cobalt-60 γ-ray. Cell survival was determined by 2 types of lung colony assays. Type A assays involved irradiation of solid tumors followed by immediate preparation of single cell suspension and the intravenous injection of the suspension. In type B assays, intravenous injection of single cell suspension, prepared from non-treated tumors, was followed by mouse thorax irradiation. The type B assay was used to determine survival of aerobic cells while the type A assay was used to analyze the survival of acutely hypoxic cells. Tumors were irradiated with 1 to 10 doses in the center of spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) or in an incident plateau area. Survival curves were analyzed by alpha-beta (linear quadratic) model and RBE was determined at various survival levels. The RBE in SOBP was found to be independent of fraction size although 2 % of the proton beam was reported to be a result of high linear energy transfer (LET) events of greater than 100 KeV/μ. The RBEs at survival levels of 0.5, 0.1, and 0.01 were 1.16 ± 0.12, 1.16 ± 0.06 and 1.17 ± 0.05 respectively. The RBE in the incident plateau was not significantly different from that in SOBP.
CRYOGENIC CHILLDOWN MODEL FOR STRATIFIED FLOW INSIDE A PIPE

A pseudo-steady model has been developed to predict the chilldown history of the pipe wall temperature in horizontal transport pipelines for cryogenic fluids. A new film boiling heat transfer model is developed by incorporating the stratified flow structure for cryogenic chilldown. A modified nucleate boiling heat transfer correlation for the cryogenic chilldown process inside a horizontal pipe is proposed. The efficacy of the correlations is assessed by comparing the model predictions with measured values of wall temperature in several azimuthal positions in a well controlled experiment by Chung et al. (2004). The computed pipe wall temperature histories match well with the measured results. The present model captures important features of thermal interaction between the pipe wall and the cryogenic fluid, provides a simple and robust platform for predicting the pipe wall chilldown history in a long horizontal pipe at relatively low computational cost, and builds a foundation to incorporate the two-phase hydrodynamic interaction in the chilldown process.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Giant mitochondria in the seromucous secretory cells of the accessory submandibular gland of the long-haired fruit bat, Stenonycteris lanosus.

Giant mitochondria, measuring up to 6.4 μm in diameter, are present in the seromucous secretory cells of the accessory submandibular gland of the long-haired fruit bat, Stenonycteris lanosus. These mitochondria, as well as all of the smaller ones in the same cells, contain in their matrix compartment an abundance of 33 nm threads that probably consist of protein. Some mitochondria, regardless of size, contain 5 nm helical filaments within an expanded crista. Despite their altered morphology, the enlarged mitochondria in the accessory submandibular gland of S. lanosus must be able to function normally in energy metabolism, since the secretory cells in which they are found elaborate numerous secretory granules. © 1993 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Structural response of coal to drying and pentane sorption

We performed experiments that probed the response of coal toward drying and subsequent sorption and desorption of pentane. The weight loss measured after evacuating Argonne Premium coal in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature matched the handbook values for moisture. All powder coal samples shrink upon drying, and some shrinkage may be associated with better packing of the coal particles induced by shrinkage of the coal matrix upon drying. The change in porosity due to drying was calculated from the difference between the expected volume change associated with H 2 O loss and the observed volume change. For low rank coals, a slight increase (∼0.04 cm 3 /g) in porosity was found. For coals >85 wt % carbon a slight decrease (∼0.04 cm 3 /g) in porosity occurred. Pentane sorption experiments were conducted for up to 365 days using coals dried at room temperature. A significant amount of pentane could not be removed upon evacuation for 100 min at room temperature, conditions suitable for removal of this sorbate from interconnected macro-, meso-, and micropores. However, much of this pentane could be removed upon extended evacuation (6500 min). This result is consistent with a situation where pentane removal is limited by its diffusion across the glassy space of the coal matrix constrictions isolating coal pores. Therefore, this pentane is referred to as slow reversible pentane. Negligible swelling of coal accompanies pentane sorption despite its considerable presence. This indicates that pentane adsorbs on surfaces of open pore space. The quantity of slow reversible pentane was compared to the quantity of CO 2 determined from BET experiments. From this analysis, the degree of connectivity of the pore system of coal was estimated from the ratio of slow reversible pentane surface area to CO 2 BET surface area. A ratio of 1.0 indicates a completely unconnected pore network, while a ratio of 0.0 indicates a completely interconnected pore network. The range of this ratio was 0.46-0.73 for coal dried under high vacuum at room temperature. These findings indicate that interconnection among pores is incomplete for these coals. For most coals, drying at 150 °C significantly affects the quantity of slow reversible pentane, and this is associated with alteration in the connectivity of the network pore structure of coal.
Observation of Ga droplet formation on (311)A and (511)A GaAs surfaces

Using (100) GaAs substrates as a reference, we present a study of the formation of Ga droplets on (311)A and (511)A GaAs substrates in which the effect of both the substrate temperature and the amount of Ga supplied on the droplet density and height for the three different surfaces have been investigated. Droplets on (100) substrates show a round shape; however, they appear as elongated balls with tails along the [Formula: see text] direction of the (311)A substrate and the [Formula: see text] direction of the (511)A substrate. It has been found that the Ga droplets on (511)A surfaces have lower densities and higher heights than those on (100) substrates. In contrast, Ga droplets on (311)A surfaces have lower heights and much higher densities compared to those for both (100) and (511)A. We observed that the decrease in the droplet density with increasing growth temperature for both (311)A and (511)A is more than twice that for the (100)GaAs surface due to the larger drop in the nucleation rate. Based on these observations, we offer a physical explanation based on the thermodynamics and the anisotropy of the high-index surfaces.
Inhibition of accumulative transport by a protein from cobra venom

Abstract A heat-stable, phospholipase A-free protein from cobra venom ( Naja naja ) inhibits amino acid and 3- O -methyl- d -glucose transport by small intestine and the uptake of para-aminohippurate and amino acids by kidney cortex slices. Although accumulation of these substances is thought to be linked to cation concentration or movement, Na + efflux from human erythrocytes or the inhibition of this process by ouabain is unaffected by this protein. The possibility of an effect on the Na + pump of other tissues is not, however, ruled out.
Pilot study on the sensitivity and specificity of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis

The validity, reproducibility, and specificity of patch-testing in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) have repeatedly been addressed. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been used for real-time evaluation of the histopathologic features of ACD. This pilot study was designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RCM in diagnosing ACD in reference to patch-testing. Sixteen participants were patch tested with allergens and control substances. Clinical scoring, digital photography, and RCM evaluation were performed at 72 hours, and RCM images were subjected to blinded evaluation. RCM evaluation parameters included stratum corneum (SC) disruption, parakeratosis, stratum spinosum (SS) and stratum granulosum (SG) spongiosis, and exocytosis. Overall, there was high specificity for all RCM features, ranging from 95.8% to 100%. Sensitivity ranged from 51.9% to 96.3%. Significant parameters with high sensitivity and specificity included spongiosis and exocytosis at the level of SS. Logistic regression analysis was performed on significant variables; P values were determined by χ 2 analysis. RCM is a promising noninvasive technology for the evaluation of ACD. SC changes are not helpful in the diagnosis of ACD, although the presence of SG spongiosis and SS spongiosis shows high sensitivity in diagnosing ACD. Larger sensitivity and specificity studies are needed and the identification of ACD has to be based on a defined diagnostic algorithm. A limitation of this study is the small sample size; larger sensitivity and specificity studies are needed to confirm these findings. In addition, individual allergens have to be subjected to further evaluations in order to demonstrate the applicability of our findings for other contact allergens. In that regard, RCM may be considered as an adjunctive tool, rather than a substitute, to clinical evaluation.
Choosing the Optimum Lot Size for a Reordering Policy with Instantaneous Emergency Deliveries

A reordering policy, to maintain the level of stock in an inventory, is given which allows for two types of orders: regular orders which are filled in strict rotation with the time to fill an order exponentially distributed, or an emergency order which, it is supposed, is filled instantaneously (or effectively so). The optimum lot size of an order is that which minimizes the average operating cost per unit time over an infinite time span. The solution is given for the case in which the items in storage are subject to Poisson demand and the costs of maintaining the stock level are linear functions of the lot size of an order.
Evaluation of a wind power parameterization using tower observations

[1] The spatial and temporal components of a published wind power parameterization method are evaluated using observed winds (9 m to 90 m) from 7 years of data collected at four towers in the Kennedy Space Center/Cape Canaveral Air Force Station network. The temporal component is governed by two parameterization inputs which represent the amplitude and mean of an assumed sinusoidal diurnal variation of the ratio of the 80 m to 10 m winds, respectively. Comparison with tower observations shows that the estimates of the mean ratio are robust but biased high, indicating that the temporal variation of the observations can be approximated by, but is not, a pure sinusoid. The observed and parameterized amplitude are poorly correlated as the amplitude estimate is sensitive to small phase shifts in the diurnal variation of the ratio of the wind speeds. The observed annual wind power for the site is consistent with what is known about the wind energy potential in Florida, while wind power estimates based on the temporal extrapolation are more than twice that observed. The erroneous wind power estimate is shown to be related to an assumption that negative amplitude estimates are indicative of a diurnal phase shift in the ratio of the 80 m to 10 m winds. When the assumed phase shift is removed from the data and the observed inputs are applied, the parameterized 80 m wind power estimates were comparable to those observed. The spatial component of the parameterization depends on a least squares fit of four different wind extrapolation methods to 0000 and 1200 UTC wind profiles. Comparison of the observed 80 m winds with those obtained via the least squares method indicates that the 0000 UTC 80 m wind and power estimates exceed (by as much as 1 m s−1 and 200 W m−2, respectively) the observed 80 m winds and power for all months. When compared against the 0000 UTC regression, the 1200 UTC 80 m wind and power estimates are closer to the observed power for all months. The power law often yields the lowest residual (on the order of 15–20% of the time) but is also largely responsible for high power estimates. The positive power bias (i.e., estimated greater than observed) is a result of the combination of two factors, namely, (1) the 0000/1200 UTC profiles and 10 m winds are, in general, not representative of the daily averaged values, with the 0000 and 1200 UTC 10 m winds less than their daily average, and (2) the differences between the observed 80 m and 10 m 0000 and 1200 UTC winds are greater than the difference between the daily averaged 80 m and 10 m mean winds. These results illustrate the potentially problematic nature of combining the lowest residual producing (extrapolation) method, obtained from a fit to the 0000 or 1200 UTC wind profiles, and the daily-averaged 10 m wind to produce a daily-averaged 80 m wind estimate.
Pneumatological Feminist/Womanist Theologies: The Importance of Discernment

Abstract The pneumatological point of departure in the spiritually-gifted community of faith holds promise for a feminist/womanist theology that respects the changing diversity of voices in the body of Christ. This point of departure will reach for discernment, which will lead us to the second article of the Creed. In the process of exploring this discernment, my response addresses related issues, such as gender, the appeal to experience, and the Trinity.
The effects of intraserial and interserial repetition on recall

Experiment I reported here indicates that the Ranschburg effect, an inhibitory effect on the recall of repeated elements, depends upon the occurrence of intra- and interserial repetition. This result was taken to point to the contribution of proactive interference to this effect, an implication generally supported by the results of experiment II. While experiment I seems to define a necessary condition for the Ranschburg effect, experiment II suggests why it is that concurrent intra- and interserial repetition has its inhibitory effect. The encoding and memory mechanisms previously offered to account for the Ranschburg effect are not necessarily contradicted by these results, however; the mechanisms may come into play because of proactive effects on memory.
Regulated nucleo/cytoplasmic exchange of HOG1 MAPK requires the importin beta homologs NMD5 and XPO1.

MAP kinase signaling modules serve to transduce extracellular signals to the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, but little is known about how signals cross the nuclear envelope. Exposure of yeast cells to increases in extracellular osmolarity activates the HOG1 MAP kinase cascade, which is composed of three tiers of protein kinases, namely the SSK2, SSK22 and STE11 MAPKKKs, the PBS2 MAPKK, and the HOG1 MAPK. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of these kinases, we found that HOG1, PBS2 and STE11 localize to the cytoplasm of unstressed cells. Following osmotic stress, HOG1, but neither PBS2 nor STE11, translocates into the nucleus. HOG1 translocation occurs very rapidly, is transient, and correlates with the phosphorylation and activation of the MAP kinase by its MAPKK. HOG1 phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for nuclear translocation, because a catalytically inactive kinase when phosphorylated is translocated to the nucleus as efficiently as the wild‐type. Nuclear import of the MAPK under stress conditions requires the activity of the small GTP binding protein Ran–GSP1, but not the NLS‐binding importin α/β heterodimer. Rather, HOG1 import requires the activity of a gene, NMD5 , that encodes a novel importin β homolog. Similarly, export of dephosphorylated HOG1 from the nucleus requires the activity of the NES receptor XPO1/CRM1. Our findings define the requirements for the regulated nuclear transport of a stress‐activated MAP kinase.
The magnetic behavior of trivalent americium compounds

Abstract Tripositive amercium should exhibit only second-order temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP) at low temperatures. There are few magnetic measurements on Am 3+ compounds, and the reported values of the TIP term vary widely. We report the magnetic susceptibility of Cs 2 NaAmCl 6 and Am 2 O 3 , in which we have minimized chemical impurities and radiation damage from the α decay of 243 Am.
Compact ultra-wideband single-ring bandpass filter with sideband and harmonic suppression

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) single-ring bandpass filter of 8GHz bandwidth with suppressed sideband and harmonics achieved by forced boundary condition and step impedance filter is proposed in this paper. EM simulator IE3D is applied in the device design and both measurement and simulated results are shown in good agreement. The group delay variation in the pass-band is measured less than 0.3ns.
Pion charge radius and the pion form factor

The pion charge-form factor data for positive and negative values of k/sup 2/, the P-wave ..pi..-..pi.. phase-shift data, and the pion charge-radius data are analyzed using form factors previously developed by us and other authors. The peaked behavior near threshold for the P-wave ..pi..-..pi.. phase shift suggested by Levin and Okubo is found not to be necessary for large charge-radius values, but larger slopes (ddelta/sub 11//dk/sup 2/) at threshold do seem to be the important factor. We conclude that a more precise measurement of the pion charge radius is necessary to separate the different theoretical models. We also find that the form-factor data near (timelike) k/sup 2/ approx. - 1.51 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ are sufficiently imprecise that nothing definitive can be said about the existence of the rho' resonance. If such a resonance exists and if the pion has no hard core, the data are either consistent with a rho' resonance of width GAMMA/sub rho prime/ approx. 2 MeV or consistent with a rho' resonance of large width if at least one additional rho' resonance, rho'', exists.
Studies of the recovery of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts from an evacuolation treatment

Mesophyll protoplasts ofNicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi were subjected to centrifugation through a Percoll gradient. This resulted in the removal of the central vacuole from each protoplast, and improved mechanical and osmotic stability. Electron microscope studies showed that the remaining cell contents, including small vacuoles, were of normal morphology. Fixation of protoplasts at various times during subsequent culture showed that the central vacuole was restored after about 12 hours. Cell-wall formation was well advanced after 24 hours of culture. These results are discussed in terms of the potential use of evacuolate protoplasts and the mechanisms of vacuole formation.
Current applications and future prospects of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the management of breast cancer

Staging of disease is routine in the evaluation of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Assessment of palpable and/or nonpalpable locoregional lymph nodes is an important component of the initial staging. Ultrasound (US) is the favored imaging modality for the initial investigation of lymph nodes and results in a significant increase in the specificity of the overall evaluation when used in conjunction with fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This review provides a concise summary, based on published literature, of the current applications and future prospects of FNA biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the initial staging and subsequent surgical management of patients with breast cancer. Patients undergo either sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy or complete axillary lymph node dissection, based on whether the axillary lymph node status is determined to be negative or positive in the initial staging process. The status of lymph nodes in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and internal mammary regions provides more accurate staging information and also impacts subsequent surgical management. The identification and evaluation of intramammary lymph nodes can add value in the overall assessment of patients with breast cancer. The feasibility of noninvasive imaging modalities for SLN mapping in animal models has indicated a good potential for FNA biopsy in the subsequent investigation of SLNs identified noninvasively in humans. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Serum binding of diltiazem in humans.

Diltiazem binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis in the serum of five healthy male subjects, aged 22 to 34 years, at seven serum diltiazem concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 2.06 micrograms/ml. The percentage of unbound diltiazem ranged from 19.6 +/- 3.1 to 22.6 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- S.D.) and was independent of serum diltiazem concentration. Serum diltiazem binding was also examined in the presence of six drugs that might be used concurrently with diltiazem in patients being treated for cardiac disease. The percentage of unbound diltiazem was not influenced by digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, phenylbutazone, propranolol, salicylic acid, or warfarin at therapeutic concentrations of these drugs over the therapeutic range of diltiazem.
Incised River Meanders: Evolution in Simulated Bedrock

A flume 60 feet (18.28 meters) long was employed to study the controls of lateral and vertical incision of a sinuous stream in simulated bedrock. When 100 percent of the available sediment load was entrained the flow incised vertically at bends. When less than 100 percent of the load was entrained the flow downcut laterally outward at bends. The effects of helicoidal currents and shear stress localization explain the loci of erosion and deposition.
Assessing the health of women. Moving from welfare to work.

Welfare recipients are less likely to seek employment because of health problems and family caregiving responsibilities. Welfare program recipients may participate in risky lifestyle behaviors such as poor nutritional intake, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking and underutilization of preventive care services. Many welfare recipients could benefit from intervention strategies that empower them to improve their health; many have health characteristics that increase their risk for chronic disabling health problems.
Dopamine increases in cat carotid body during excitation by carbon monoxide: implications for a chromophore theory of chemoreception.

Studies of dopamine (DA) release were conducted with 10 perfused/superfused cat carotid bodies using shallow recessed Nafion polymer-coated microsensors (tips ∼5 μm). Simultaneous measurements of tissue DA and neuronal discharge (ND) from the sinus nerve were made after switching from normoxic, normocapnic control perfusate (20% O2, 5% CO2, balance N2) to a normoxic, normocapnic perfusate equilibrated with a high tension (>550 Torr) of carbon monoxide (CO). When high PCO perfusate was delivered in the dark, ND increased from a baseline of 89±24 (SE) impulses/s, to a peak excitation of 374±44 impulses/s within 15–30 s. Excitation then diminished to a plateau of 281±36 impulses/s within 1–2 min. Both peak and plateau ND were significantly above baseline (P<0.05). Average tissue DA values increased above basal levels by +7.2±1.0 and +5.6±0.6 μM, respectively, during the peak and plateau ND phases (P<0.05). Bright light restored the chemosensory activity to baseline, but had no effect on DA. Both chemosensory excitation and tissue DA responses to high CO in the dark were diminished in 3 carotid bodies perfused with Ca2+-free solutions. Responses were reduced even further with Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) in the perfusate. The results suggest that the effect of high PCO on DA release and chemosensory excitation are dependent on Ca2+ in the media, but the two events are not coupled.
Mechanism of olefin metathesis over a supported molybdenum catalyst

Abstract The metathesis of mixtures of 2,8-decadiene and 2,8-decadiene-1,1,1,10,10,10-d 6 was carried out over a MoO 2 /CoO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. From the ratio of the product 2-butenes-d 0 :d 3 :d 6 , it was determined that the reaction proceeded by a chain mechanism, as described by the Chauvin scheme. During the initiation stages of the reaction propylene was formed and the reaction showed a significant isotope effect. This observation is best explained by the formation of a π-alkyl complex as a key intermediate in the initiation step.
Correlation of early quaternary events in the U.S. Gulf Coast

A reexamination of the sequences of planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments beneath the Louisiana continental shelf has been undertaken in order to modernize correlation schemes that were established 10–20 y.a. As a consequence, it can be shown that (1) a new correlation of marine micropaleontological and continental glacial events is necessary; (2) the Gulf Coast faunal events can be reliably correlated with those in the type Italian Pleistocene section and in the deep-sea cores; (3) it is becoming increasingly evident that it is invalid to correlate the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, as defined by paleontology, with a climatically defined boundary.
Papillary Fibroelastoma: Echocardiographic Characteristics for Diagnosis and Pathologic Correlation

Abstract Objectives. We sought to determine the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of papillary fibroelastoma (PFE). Background. PFE is a rarely encountered cardiac tumor about which relatively little is known. Methods. Institutional records were reviewed for the years 1980 to 1995 for patients with pathologic or echocardiographic diagnosis of PFE. Group 1 included 17 patients with the pathologic diagnosis of PFE who also underwent echocardiography. Echocardiographic features of PFE were established in group 1. Group 2 included 37 patients with only echocardiographic evidence of PFE. Results. In group 1, 7 (41.2%) of 17 patients had symptoms related to PFE. Neurologic events occurred in 5 (29.4%) of 17 patients. All patients had the tumor surgically removed. During follow-up, no new embolic events occurred. Echocardiographic characteristics of PFE included a small tumor (12.1 ± 6.5 × 9.0 ± 4.3 mm), usually pedunculated (14 [94%] of 17 patients) and mobile, with a homogeneous speckled pattern and a characteristic stippling along the edges. PFEs were most common on valvular surfaces (12 [60%] of 20 PFEs) but were not uncommon on other endocardial surfaces (8 [40%] of 20 PFEs). The tumor did not cause valvular dysfunction. In group 2, 16 (43%) of 37 patients were asymptomatic. Five patients (13.5%) had a previous neurologic event. During follow-up (mean 31 months, range 1 to 77), nine neurologic events occurred. Conclusions. PFEs are associated with embolism, can be diagnosed with echocardiography, are often an incidental clinical finding and do not cause valvular dysfunction.