cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversal to cisplatin sensitivity in recurrent human ovarian cancer cells by NCX-4016, a nitro derivative of aspirin.

Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignancy that is commonly treated by cytoreductive surgery followed by cisplatin treatment. However, the cisplatin treatment, although successful initially, is not effective in the treatment of the recurrent disease that invariably surfaces within a few months of the initial treatment. The refractory behavior is attributed to the increased levels of cellular thiols apparently caused by the cisplatin treatment. This observation prompted us to choose a cytotoxic drug whose activity is potentiated by cellular thiols with enhanced specificity toward the thiol-rich cisplatin-resistant cells. We used NCX-4016 [2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl ester], a derivative of aspirin containing a nitro group that releases nitric oxide in a sustained fashion for several hours in cells and in vivo, and we studied its cytotoxic efficacy against human ovarian cancer cells (HOCCs). Cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant (CR) HOCCs were treated with 100 μM NCX-4016 for 6 h, and/or 0.5 μg/ml cisplatin for 1 h and assayed for clonogenecity. NCX-4016 significantly reduced the surviving fractions of cisplatin-sensitive (63 ± 6%) and CR (70 ± 10%) HOCCs. NCX-4016 also caused a 50% reduction in the levels of cellular glutathione in CR HOCCs. Treatment of cells with NCX-4016 followed by cisplatin showed a significantly greater extent of toxicity when compared with treatment of cells with NCX-4016 or cisplatin alone. In conclusion, this study showed that NCX-4016 is a potential inhibitor of the proliferation of CR HOCCs and thus might specifically kill cisplatin-refractory cancer cells in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XXIX. Dorothea Dix and the History of Psychology:

Dorothea Lynde Dix was a 19th century reformer who worked for over 40 years, from 1841 until her death in 1887, to improve the living conditions and the therapeutic climate for the mentally ill. A ...
Values, Culture, and the Effective School.

Offered here is a brief analysis of the elements of institutional cultures, and how those cultures shape the behavior of people in the institutions. The writer's aim is to provide administrators with strategies whereby they can recreate the culture of an effec tive school in their own school.
DIFFERENTIATION OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN HEPATOCYTES : II. Glucose-6-Phosphatase in Rough Microsomes.

Electron microscope cytochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase in the developing hepatocytes of fetal and newborn rats indicates that the enzyme appears simultaneously in all the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a cell, although asynchronously within the hepatocyte population as a whole. To confirm that the pattern of cytochemical deposits reflects the actual distribution of enzyme sites, a method to subfractionate rough endoplasmic reticulum was developed. The procedure is based on the retention of the cytochemical reaction product (precipitated lead phosphate) within freshly prepared rough microsomes reacted in vitro with glucose-6-phosphate and lead ions. Lead phosphate increases the density of the microsomes which have glucose-6-phosphatase activity and thereby makes possible their separation from microsomes lacking the enzyme; separation is obtained by isopycnic centrifugation on a two-step density gradient. The procedure was applied to rough microsomes isolated from rats at several stages during hepatocyte differentiation and the results obtained agree with those given by cytochemical studies in situ. Before birth, when only some of the cells react positively for glucose-6-phosphatase, only a commensurate proportion of the rough microsome fraction can be rendered dense by the enzyme reaction. At the time of birth and in the adult, when all cells react positively, practically all microsomes acquire deposit and become dense after reaction. Thus, the results of the microsome subfractionation confirm the cytochemical findings; the enzyme is evenly distributed throughout all the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell and there is no regional differentiation within the rough endoplasmic reticulum with respect to glucose-6-phosphatase. These findings suggest that new components are inserted molecule-by-molecule into a pre-existing structural framework. The membranes are thus mosaics of old and new molecules and do not contain large regions of entirely "new" membrane in which all of the components are newly synthesized or newly assembled.
Differential Nuclease Sensitivity Profiling of Chromatin Reveals Biochemical Footprints Coupled to Gene Expression and Functional DNA Elements in Maize

The eukaryotic genome is organized into nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin. The positions of nucleosomes on DNA regulate protein-DNA interactions and in turn influence DNA-templated events. Despite the increasing number of genome-wide maps of nucleosome position, how global changes in gene expression relate to changes in nucleosome position is poorly understood. We show that in nucleosome occupancy mapping experiments in maize (Zea mays), particular genomic regions are highly susceptible to variation introduced by differences in the extent to which chromatin is digested with micrococcal nuclease (MNase). We exploited this digestion-linked variation to identify protein footprints that are hypersensitive to MNase digestion, an approach we term differential nuclease sensitivity profiling (DNS-chip). Hypersensitive footprints were enriched at the 5′ and 3′ ends of genes, associated with gene expression levels, and significantly overlapped with conserved noncoding sequences and the binding sites of the transcription factor KNOTTED1. We also found that the tissue-specific regulation of gene expression was linked to tissue-specific hypersensitive footprints. These results reveal biochemical features of nucleosome organization that correlate with gene expression levels and colocalize with functional DNA elements. This approach to chromatin profiling should be broadly applicable to other species and should shed light on the relationships among chromatin organization, protein-DNA interactions, and genome regulation.
Acetylsalicylzuur: geen preventief panacee

De onderzoekers wilden vooral de waarde van acetylsalicylzuur evalueren voor patienten met risicofactoren, maar (nog) zonder manifeste atherotromboti-sche HVZ (primaire preventie). Een waardevolle exercitie, want de richtlijnen hiervoor zijn bij gebrek aan sluitend bewijs niet een-duidig. Zo krijgt vrijwel elke patient met diabetes in de Verenigde Staten acetylsalicylzuur, ongeacht de aanwezigheid van manifeste HVZ, terwijl diezelfde patient in Europa het volgens de CVRM-richtlijnen zonder acetylsalicylzuur moet stellen.
A broadcasting model for the music industry

In 2000, sales in the global music industry amounted to approximately $US 37 billion (International Federation of the Phonograph Industry 2001a). These figures are for sales of physical music formats, such as compact discs (CDs), cassettes, and vinyl. Despite the large scale of the music industry, there are indications that physical music sales are in the maturity stage of the product life cycle, and may even be declining for some music formats. For example, Diebold, a leading German management and technology consultancy company, observes that global music sales fell from $41.5 billion in 1995 to $38.5 billion in 1999
Radiative cooling in the vicinity of inversions and the tropopause

The distribution of radiative cooling in the vicinity of a temperature inversion in the middle troposphere is calculated for several distributions of humidity. When mixing ratios are high throughout the inversion radiative cooling acts to erode the inversion (minimum cooling at the base, maximum cooling at the top). When mixing ratio decreases rapidly upward from the inversion base most of the inversion is a region of reduced cooling, while maximum cooling amounting to several degrees per day occurs in the vicinity of the inversion base. The region immediately below the inversion base is subject to strong radiative destabilization. Verification of the theoretical cooling rates is sought in ten radiometer-sonde ascents at Tucson, Arizona. The radiometer-sonde is only marginally applicable to determining the radiative cooling distribution in the vicinity of the inversions, and random radiometer-sonde errors and consequences of slant ascent are examined in detail. The radiometer-sonde measurements, when averaged, verify that radiative cooling is so distributed as to tend to maintain the inversion, showing maximum cooling of the order of 2°C day−1 at and below the base and minimum cooling of the order of 1°C day−1 in the upper part of the inversion. No verification was found for the theoretical destabilization of the layer below the inversion base, although errors and scatter of measurements obscure the true distribution. All ten radiometer-sonde ascents also penetrated the tropopause, and warming or minimum cooling was found at or very near the tropopause in every ascent. Hence the tropopause must be maintained by processes other than radiation.
Conductance and its universal fluctuations in the directed network model at the crossover to the quasi-one-dimensional regime

The directed network model describing chiral edge states on the surface of a cylindrical 3D quantum Hall system is known to map to a one-dimensional quantum ferromagnetic spin chain. Using the spin wave expansion for this chain, we determine the universal functions for the crossovers between the 2D chiral metallic and 1D metallic regimes in the mean and variance of the conductance along the cylinder, to first nontrivial order.
The prognostic significance of pre- and post-treatment CA-125 in grade 1 serous ovarian carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Abstract Objectives The study objective was to determine the prognostic significance of serum CA-125 levels in patients with grade 1 serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) enrolled in a Phase III study. Methods An ancillary analysis of a phase III study of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel versus triplet or sequential doublet regimens. Grade 1 SOC was used as a surrogate for low-grade serous carcinoma. Results Among 3686 enrolled patients, 184 (5%) had grade 1 disease and CA-125 levels available. For those with grade 1 SOC, the median patient age was 56.5; 87.3% had Stage III disease. Median follow-up was 102months and there was no difference in pre-chemotherapy CA-125 by treatment arm ( P =0.91). Median pretreatment CA-125 for those with grade 1 SOC was lower (119.1) than for patients with grade 2–3 SOC (246.7; P P ≤0.024). Normalization of CA-125 levels before the second cycle was negatively associated with death, with a HR of 0.45 ( P =0.025). Conclusions Pretreatment CA-125 level was significantly lower in women with grade 1 SOC compared to those with high-grade SOC. While pretreatment CA-125 was not associated with survival, serial CA-125 measurements during chemotherapy treatment were prognostic, with normalization before the second chemotherapy cycle associated with a decreased risk of death.
Regulation of the voltage-insensitive step of HERG activation by extracellular pH.

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG, Kv11.1, KCNH2) voltage-gated K+ channels dominate cardiac action potential repolarization. In addition, HERG channels play a role in neuronal and smooth cell...
The Optimal Timing of Salvage Radiotherapy following Radical Prostatectomy: A Meta-Analysis

Materials/Methods: A meta-analysis of all indexed peer-reviewed published SRT studies from 1996 to 2010 was performed to identify the pathologic factors (Gleason grade, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, margin status), the clinical factor (PSA level prior to SRT) and the treatment factors (RT dose, concurrent use of androgen deprivation) associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) after SRT. RFS was uniformly defined as a PSA>0.2 ng/mL following SRT. Only studies reporting Kaplan-Meier RFS at a minimum of 3 years were included. Radio-biological interpretation of biochemical tumor control is used to provide the framework for the observed relationships.
Age Influences Likelihood of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment, but not Outcome

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PanCA) is predominantly diagnosed in elderly patients; nevertheless, a significant number of young patients are affected. We hypothesized more aggressive treatment of young PanCA patients would result in better overall survival (OS). Methods: A retrospective review of our institutional cancer database identified subjects for inclusion. Age 50 years was selected to stratify patients into age groups. Results: Of 309 PanCA patients, 54 (17%) were ≤ 50 years old. Exocrine cancer was the most common histology (90%). Patients ≤ 50 years old were more likely to have endocrine cancer (22% vs. 7%, P = 0.001). There was no difference in stage or curative intent surgery between age groups. Despite patients ≤ 50 years old receiving more chemotherapy (61% vs. 41%, P = 0.007) and radiotherapy (28% vs. 15%, P = 0.03), there was no difference in OS (24.1 months vs. 14.1 months, P = 0.08). When only exocrine cancers were considered, there was no difference between young and old patients regarding stage, grade, location or surgery. Exocrine cancer patients ≤ 50 years old received more chemotherapy (67% vs. 42%, P = 0.003) and radiation therapy (36% vs. 17%, P = 0.004), but there was no difference in OS. Conclusions: A substantial number of PanCA patients are ≤ 50 years old. Patients ≤ 50 years old received more treatment but did not have improved OS. Significant improvements in PanCA survival await development of new treatment strategies. World J Oncol. 2014;5(1):7-13 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14740/ wjon789w
Mixed Layer Spectra from Aircraft Measurements.

Abstract Vertical velocity and temperature spectra from the 1978 Phoenix convective boundary layer aircraft flights are discussed. Both the vertical velocity spectra and the temperature spectra are normalized using procedures which are based on mixed layer similarity. The method of Kaimal et al. is used to normalize the vertical velocity spectra while an adaptation of the method of Corrsin (1951) is used to normalize the temperature spectra. The normalized vertical velocity spectra for heights ranging from 0.2zi to 0.8zi collapse onto a single curve as found by Kaimal et al. The normalized temperature spectra collapse onto a family of curves which vary with height. The maximum amplitude of the vertical velocity spectra occurs at a wavelength of 1.5zi, as found by Kaimal et al. and others. The maximum amplitude of the temperature spectra increase and shift to longer wavelengths with height. The wavelengths of the spectral peaks for w and temperature are the same in the middle of the convective boundary lay...
Características del turismo entre los pueblos indígenas

El turismo es una actividad humana relativamente reciente en su forma masiva que plantea nuevos sentidos y significados a los espacios, territorios y lugares naturales y culturales. Al respecto, surgen los espacios turisticos en los territorios indigenas, que son redescubiertos. De esta manera, el turismo se presenta como una actividad que puede resolver algunos problemas de desarrollo entre los pueblos indigenas, al integrarlos a la dinamica mercantil. Sin embargo, implica riesgos de aculturacion y transculturacion para los pueblos locales mismos, sin ignorar los posibles riesgos de impactos fisicos y ambientales. Aqui sobresale la importancia del control o regulacion local sobre el proceso del desarrollo de las actividades turisticas inducidas externamente.
Hypertext and Hypermedia

In both the paper and electronic information worlds, there are two ways of finding information: searching and browsing. In searching, information is sought by finding terms in an index that point to locations where material about that term may be. In books, for example, searching is done by looking up topics in the index in the back. Searching in electronic resources is carried out using an information retrieval (IR) system. Browsing, however, is done by delving into the text itself, navigating to areas that are presumed to hold the content that is sought. In books, browsing is usually started by consulting the table of contents, but the reader may also follow references within the text to other portions of the book. Electronic browsing in early computer systems was difficult if not possible but has been made easier recently with the advent of hypertext.
Preparation of random phase plates for laser beam smoothing

Phase plates are required for removing aberrations from laser beams caused by inhomogeneities in the optical components of the laser. The first type of plate that we prepared consisted of a bi-level optical component that caused spatial smoothing of the beam by breaking it up into a fine scale spatial structure. This was made by etching a pattern directly into the substrate using HF/NH{sub 4}F. Components up to 80 cm in diameter were prepared but these are only 85% efficient because of beam losses in secondary maxima. Multilevel designs are more efficient and we have prepared 5 inch diameter samples with 16 levels. These require four separate etch steps but have efficiencies greater than 90%.
Situationism and Deliberative Democracy

To what extent should normative accounts of the democratic process depend on qualities and characteristics of the ‘ideal citizen’? Are citizens actually capable of living up to the ideal? Diana Mutz argues that there is an inherent tension between the deliberative ideal of creating more reflective citizens and the participatory ideal of creating more engaged and actively-involved citizens. This paper shows how Mutz's work reveals the extent to which deliberative ideals are dependent on an empirically-inadequate moral psychology about how humans function under different social-political contexts and conditions. Deliberativists share blame for this, since they often gloss over or ignore matters of empirical adequacy when it comes to describing the motivational capacities and ethical sensibilities of the ideal deliberative citizen. As a corrective, the paper aims to establish the general relevance of ‘situationist’ theories of behavior, and in particular John Doris’s situationist critique of robust-trait virtue theory, for thinking about what deliberative theories of democracy can expect from individual citizens. My general argument is that while we have good reasons to expect that most citizens will fall well short of even a modest ideal of civic virtue, this is not in itself a problem for deliberative democracy. Rather, I argue that Mutz's conclusions should make deliberative democrats reconsider exactly how much their normative ideals depend on the qualities of citizens.
Posttraumatic stress in the aftermath of mass shootings

Recent mass shooting incidents in the USA include the 2007 shooting at Virginia Tech and the 2012 shootings at the Aurora, Colorado movie theatre and Sandy Hook elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. Although these events generated much national attention, surprisingly, little research has evaluated mental health impacts of mass shootings, and no efforts to our knowledge have been made to synthesize the empirical findings. In this chapter, we review the extant literature on posttraumatic stress in the aftermath mass shootings. We identified 35 peer-reviewed articles, comprised of 19 independent samples in the aftermath of 14 mass shooting incidents. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in these studies ranged from 3 to 91 %. Several factors could underlie this wide variation, including differences in the assessment measures, criteria used to define cases, timing of assessment, and sample characteristics. Risk factors for more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms have been identified, including demographic and pre-incident characteristics (e.g., female gender, pre-incident psychological symptoms), event exposure (e.g., greater proximity to the attack, acquaintance with the deceased), and fewer psychosocial resources (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties, lower social support). Further research that draws on pre-incident and longitudinal data will yield important insights into the processes that exacerbate or sustain posttraumatic stress over time and provide important information for crisis preparedness and post-incident mental health interventions.
Boundary Layer Profile Behind Gaseous Detonation as it Affects Reflected Shock Wave Bifurcation

The present study explores the flow field created by reflecting detonations using heat transfer and pressure measurements near the location of detonation reflection. Schlieren imaging techniques are used to examine the possibility of shock wave-boundary layer interaction. These measurements are compared to laminar boundary layer theory and a one- dimensional model of detonation reflection. Experiments were carried out in a 7.6 m long detonation tube with a rectangular test section using mixtures of stoichiometric hydrogen- oxygen with argon dilution of 0, 50, 67, and 83% at an initial pressure of 10, 25, and 40 kPa. Optical observations show that minimal interaction of the reflected shock wave results when propagating into the boundary layer created by the incident wave. The heat transfer rate is qualitatively consistent with the time dependent laminar boundary layer predictions, however the magnitude is consistently larger and substantial (factor of three) peak-to-peak fluctuations are observed. The pressure measurements show good agreement between predicted ideal incident and reflected wave speeds. The pressure amplitudes are under-predicted for no argon dilution cases particularly at 40 kPa, but in reasonable agreement for lower pressures and higher dilutions.
Mortality in patients with bilateral femoral fractures.

Objectives: To determine and compare the mortality rates of patients with bilateral versus unilateral femoral fractures and to determine the contribution of the femoral fracture to, and identify risk factors for, such mortality. Study Design: Retrospective analysis using trauma registry data on consecutive blunt trauma patients with unilateral (800 patients, group I) or bilateral (eighty-five patients, group II) femoral fractures. Methods: Univariate data analysis was performed to compare the groups' ages, Injury Severity Scores, Glasgow Coma Scale values, mortality, and the presence of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables statistically associated with mortality. Results: Group II patients had a significantly higher Injury Severity Score (30.2 versus 24.5, p < 0.001), lower Glasgow Coma Scale value(12.3 versus 13.1,p = 0.05 ),higher mortality rate (25.9 VS 11.7%, p < 0.001), and higher incidence of ARDS (15.7 versus 7.27%, p = 0.014) than group I patients. Group II patients also had significantly more closed head injuries, open skull fractures, intraabdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention, and pelvic fractures; the rates of thoracic injury were similar. Regression analysis of variables evident on admission revealed a significant correlation between bilateral femoral fractures and death; however, other factors (shock, closed head injury, and thoracic injury) had much stronger correlations with mortality. Conclusions: Patients with bilateral femoral fractures have a significantly higher risk of death, ARDS, and associated injuries than patients with unilateral femoral fractures. This increase in mortality is more closely related to associated injuries and physiologic parameters than to the presence of bilateral femoral fractures. The presence of bilateral femoral fractures should alert the clinician to the likelihood of associated injuries, a higher Injury Severity Score, and the potential for a more serious prognosis.
Demonstrations of bio-inspired perching landing gear for UAVs

Results are presented which demonstrate the feasibility and performance of two concepts of biologically-inspired landing-gear systems that enable bird-sized, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) to land, perch, and take-off from branchlike structures and/or ledges. The first concept follows the anatomy of birds that can grasp ahold of a branch and perch as tendons in their legs are tensioned. This design involves a gravity-activated, cable-driven, underactuated, graspingfoot mechanism. As the UAV lands, its weight collapses a four-bar linkage pulling a cable which curls two opposing, multi-segmented feet to grasp the landing target. Each foot is a single, compliant mechanism fabricated by simultaneouly 3D-printing a flexible thermo-plastic and a stiffer ABS plastic. The design is optimized to grasp structures over a range of shapes and sizes. Quasi-static and flight tests of this landing gear affixed to RC rotorcraft (24 cm to 550 cm in diameter) demonstrate that the aircraft can land, perch, and take-off from a tree branch, rectangular wood board, PVC pipe, metal hand rail, chair armrest, and in addition, a stone wall ledge. Stability tests show that perching is maintained under base and wind disturbances. The second design concept, inspired by roosting bats, is a two-material, 3D-printed hooking mechanism that enables the UAV to stably suspend itself from a wire or small-diameter branch. The design balances structural stiffness for support and flexibility for the perching process. A flight-test demonstrates the attaching and dis-engaging of a small, RC quadcopter from a suspended line.
Conclusion: Exiting the Funhouse — Challenging Society’s Lessons One Stage at a Time

To say that modern-day society has a love-hate relationship with feminism would be a ridiculous understatement. We simply don’t know what to do about the controversial ‘F word’, and this is apparent in the cultural products aimed at girls and women at every juncture in their lives. The mixed messages — about feminism, gender, sexuality — are everywhere. The contradictory lessons are in toy boxes, on bookshelves, in blog posts, on film screens, in songs, on television, in commercials, on Twitter, in magazines, on stage. They’re in the cultural conversations surrounding Miley Cyrus, Jennifer Aniston, Kate Middleton, Jennifer Lopez, Amy Schumer, Tina Fey, Caitlyn Jenner, Hillary Clinton, and so many others. They’re in critiques of Gossip Girl, The Bachelorette, Sex and the City, What to Expect When You’re Expecting, Menopause the Musical, and more. They’re in scholarly discussions about Elsa, Anna, Katniss, Bella, Stacy’s Mom, Stiffler’s Mom — in analyses of all mothers and daughters and sisters (fictional and real).
Anisotropic Ion Transport in a Poly(ethylene oxide)–LiClO4 Solid State Electrolyte Templated by Graphene Oxide

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have attracted intensive attention due to their potential applications in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Tailoring crystallization is crucial to the design of high performance poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–based SPEs. In this paper, we demonstrate that PEO crystal orientation in a PEO–lithium electrolyte results in anisotropic ionic conductivity along and through the crystalline lamellae. This conductivity anisotropy can be further enhanced by incorporating two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, which retard PEO crystallization, template the crystal orientation, and guide the ion transport, leading to highly anisotropic and conductive nanocomposite polymer electrolytes.
Community Geography: Addressing Barriers in Public Participation GIS

Early advocates of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) envisioned a future in which members of the public (broadly) and members of marginalized communities (specifically) would utilize geographic information and spatial technologies to affect positive change within their communities. Yet in spite of the emergence and success of PPGIS, open source geospatial tools, and the geoweb, access barriers recognized by proponents of PPGIS in the mid-1990s persist. As a result, PPGIS facilitators continue to be instrumental in addressing access barriers to geospatial technologies among resource poor organizations and marginalized groups. ‘Community geography’, is a growing area of academic geography that leverages university community partnerships to facilitate access to spatial technology, data, and analysis. Experiences from community geography programmes at three universities (Chicago State University, Syracuse University, and Columbus State University) demonstrate the benefits and challen...
The Institutional Dynamics of the Contemporary Thai Sangha — A New Research Agenda

Studies of the Thai sangha as an institution have fallen out of academic fashion in recent decades, despite the fact that during this same time Thai public life has been characterized by widespread organizational ferment and innovation. Accordingly, a renewed and reoriented analysis of the organizational milieux underpinning everyday monastic life is overdue. Nine themes worth examining in research on the monastic order as a public institution are proposed. The empirical and analytic benefits of a revitalized research agenda along these lines are then discussed, as well as the demographic, geographic and social factors that should be taken into consideration when pursuing such research.
Building trust and diversity in patient-centered oncology clinical trials: An integrated model.

Background/aims:Trust is the cornerstone of clinical trial recruitment and retention. Efforts to decrease barriers and increase clinical trial participation among diverse populations have yielded m...
Effect of silicon poisoning on catalytic dry reforming of simulated biogas

Abstract Catalytic reforming of biogas and subsequent fuel synthesis is one means of upgrading. However, biogas, especially landfill gases, are often contaminated with siloxanes. The poisoning effect of decomposed siloxanes on dry reforming was studied over a high temperature catalyst comprised of 1.3 wt% Ni-1.0 wt% Mg on a ceria zirconia oxide support and a low temperature catalyst composed of 0.16 wt% Pt-1.3 wt% Ni-1.0 wt% Mg on the same support. The effects of siloxane decomposition were simulated by coating the catalyst particles with silica, which is the decomposition product of siloxanes. The catalysts were poisoned using three different simulated poisoning amounts, which were equivalent accumulation of 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months assuming typical siloxane concentrations in landfill gas and reforming space velocities and no removal prior to reforming. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) studies showed that the peak reduction temperature increased significantly (248 °C–304 °C) even at the smallest poisoning amount for the low temperature catalyst and continued to increase with increased silica amounts. A similar trend was observed in the TPR of the high temperature catalyst where the reduction temperature increased from 382 °C–407 °C at the lowest poisoning amount and continued to increase with higher poisoning amounts. XRD data showed the presence of silica in the poisoned catalysts that were lacking in the unpoisoned catalysts. Furthermore, FT-IR studies showed the presence of both amorphous and crystalline silica peaks in the poisoned catalysts that were not visible in the fresh catalyst. Dry reforming experiments showed that poisoning has adversely affected the catalysts by increasing the temperature in which both 10% (X 10 ) and 50% (X 50 ) conversion of both CH 4 as well as CO 2 occurs. Methane X 10 increased from 454 °C for the fresh catalyst to 518 °C for 1 week poisoning and reached 587 °C for 6 months of poisoning for the low temperature catalyst. Similarly, the high temperature catalyst had an increase in methane X 10 from 762 °C for the fresh catalyst to 810 °C at 1 week poisoning reaching 842 °C at 1 month poisoning and never reaching X 10 for 6 months of poisoning indicating severe deactivation of the catalyst. Overall, the results of this study indicate substantial Si species removal is required for catalytic conversion of biogas.
Energy-sensitive cryogenic detectors for high-mass biomolecule mass spectrometry.

Energy-sensitive calorimetric detectors that operate at low temperatures (“cryogenic detectors”) have recently been applied for the first time as ion detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to conventional, ionization-based detectors, which rely on secondary electron formation or the charge created in a semiconductor, cryogenic detectors measure low-energy solid state excitations created by a particle impact. This energy sensitivity of cryogenic detectors results in several potential advantages for TOF–MS. Cryogenic detectors are expected to have near 100% efficiency even for very large, slow-moving molecules, in contrast to microchannel plates whose efficiency drops considerably at large mass. Thus, cryogenic detectors could contribute to extending the mass range accessible by TOF–MS and help improving detection limits. In addition, the energy resolution provided by cryogenic detectors can be used for charge discrimination and studies of ion fragmentation, ion-detector interaction, and internal energies of large molecular ions. Cryogenic detectors could therefore prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TOF–MS. Here, we give a general introduction to the cryogenic detector types most applicable to TOF–MS including those types already used in several TOF–MS experiments. We review and compare the results of these experiments, discuss practical aspects of operating cryogenic detectors in TOF–MS systems, and describe potential near future improvements of cryogenic detectors for applications in mass spectrometry. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 18: 155–186, 1999
Thermally oxidized 2D TaS 2 as a high-κ gate dielectric for MoS 2 field-effect transistors

We report a new approach to integrating high-κ dielectrics in both bottom- and top-gated MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) through thermal oxidation and mechanical assembly of layered two-dimensional (2D) TaS2. Combined x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements confirm that multilayer TaS2 flakes can be uniformly transformed to Ta2O5 with a high dielectric constant of ~15.5 via thermal oxidation, while preserving the geometry and ultra-smooth surfaces of 2D TMDs. Top-gated MoS2 FETs fabricated using the thermally oxidized Ta2O5 as gate dielectric demonstrate a high current on/off ratio approaching 106, a subthreshold swing (SS) down to 61 mV/dec, and a field-effect mobility exceeding 60 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, indicating high dielectric quality and low interface trap density.
Effects of the Integration of Dynamic Weight Shifting Training Into Treadmill Training on Walking Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine whether applying an assistance force to the pelvis and legs during treadmill training can improve walking function in children with cerebral palsy.DesignTwenty-three children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to the robotic or treadmill only gr
TRIM37, a novel E3 ligase for PEX5-mediated peroxisomal matrix protein import

Most proteins destined for the peroxisomal matrix depend on the peroxisomal targeting signals (PTSs), which require the PTS receptor PEX5, whose deficiency causes fatal human peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs). TRIM37 gene mutations cause muscle-liver-brain-eye (mulibrey) nanism. We found that TRIM37 localizes in peroxisomal membranes and ubiquitylates PEX5 at K464 by interacting with its C-terminal 51 amino acids (CT51), which is required for PTS protein import. PEX5 mutations (K464A or ΔCT51), or TRIM37 depletion or mutation, reduce PEX5 abundance by promoting its proteasomal degradation, thereby impairing its functions in cargo binding and PTS protein import in human cells. TRIM37 or PEX5 depletion induces apoptosis and enhances sensitivity to oxidative stress, underscoring the cellular requirement for functional peroxisomes. Therefore, TRIM37-mediated ubiquitylation stabilizes PEX5 and promotes peroxisomal matrix protein import, suggesting that mulibrey nanism is a new PBD.
Molecular Markers in Date Palm

Molecular markers are an increasingly important resource for all crops. DNA markers, especially those based on simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms, are playing an increasingly important role in plant variety identification, germplasm resource collection and breeding activities. The major types of DNA markers are described and the resources available to the date palm community are identified. In general, the molecular marker resources for date palm are somewhat limited. However, most of the available DNA marker types have been used on some material, mostly to cluster date palm varieties into related groups. The most profound effect on the development of the DNA marker resources for date palm is the newly available shotgun sequence. Mining this sequence database and the steady lowering of the costs of high throughput sequencing will increase rapidly the molecular marker resources and their application to date palm over the next few years.
Erratum to current state of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

In the April 2017 issue of Translational Lung Cancer Research ( TLCR ), the review article “Current state of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer” was published with some errors. Borghaei et al. is labeled as CheckMate 17 instead of CheckMate 057 and conversely, Brahmer et al. is labeled as CheckMate 057 instead of CheckMate 017. Also in Tables 2 and 3 , these two trials have been labeled in reverse.
Timing-Abstract Circuit Design in Transaction-Level Verilog

Given the complexity of modern integrated circuits, design reuse is essential, but current hardware description languages do not adequately address reuse challenges for many classes of design. Processor cores, as an example, are shaped by cycle-level interactions, and leveraging such designs into environments with different timing constraints requires retiming, repipelining, and microarchitectural changes. Making these changes at the register-transfer level requires significant rewriting. Abstraction is needed, but the abstractions of SystemC and OpenCL are more appropriate for loosely-coupled microarchitectural interactions. A timing-abstract modeling approach is presented that separates the concerns of behavior and timing. Timing-abstract behavior is specified within the context of pipelines, and logic within pipelines is assigned to pipeline stages as a matter of implementation detail. Sequential elements are generated by tools from the pipelined specification. Logic can be retimed easily, without the risk of introducing functional bugs, so design and verification effort can be focused on the behavioral changes required to retarget a design to a context with different timing constraints. As a secondary benefit, significantly less source code is required to specify register-transfer-level detail.
THE LINEAR THETA PINCH AS A 14-NEUTRON SOURCE

ABSTRACT A linear theta pinch is considered as the neutron source in a Fusion Engineering Research Facility (FERF). The device is optimized parametrically for maximum 14-MeV neutron flux through a test sample located between the discharge tube and the compression coil wall. A flux of ~ 1014n/cm2/s can be achieved through a test-sample volume of 6.5 liters in a device 1.7 m long with a 150-kG magnetic field, 2:1 mirrors (300 kG) at the ends, a discharge frequency of 1.9 kHz, and a rotating-machinery power supply.
Developing a Unique Android App-driven Nifty Middle-School Educational Module on Mobile Security for Driving Basic Information Security Awareness and Generating Interests in Cybersecurity: (Abstract Only)

With the growing demand for cybersecurity workforce, as we look to prepare our youth in cybersecurity, a lack of basic awareness about mobile device security and limited practical knowledge in securing mobile devices may expose our young generation to data hacks and cyber-attacks. The current IEEE/ACM CS2013 curricular recommendations and the latest CSEC2017 cybersecurity curriculum guidelines clearly point to a need for inclusion of mobile security related topics within the present CS knowledge areas. However, even though there are limited mobile security-based curriculum development initiatives at the K-12 level, none of them focus on the theme of mobile app related permissions, vulnerabilities and exploits. Therefore, in order to address this gap in mobile security based K-12 experiential learning, we have designed and developed a unique Android app-driven information security-based learning module for educating middle-school (fifth to ninth grade) learners about relevant cybersecurity topics, like good password practices, ethics, Android app permissions, vulnerabilities, exploit-based hacking, using an Android device. This poster will describe our creative mobile security theme-driven middle-school educational module, including our original unique Android app, which has been successfully used to conduct several hands-on workshop sessions for middle-school students as part of our Google IgniteCS outreach program and the NSA GenCyber camp program. Our poster will also present the survey data collected from middle-school participants in an effort to evaluate mobile security-based experiential learning model as a potential cybersecurity educational interface for engaging K-12 students.
Analyses of plant chromatin and in vivo protein-DNA interactions

It is increasingly apparent that gene function is influenced by a variety of constituents, only a few of which are effectively mimicked by in vitro analyses with linear, cloned pieces of genes. A diverse compliment of proteinacious interactions affect the structure and subsequent function of genes in the cell. The association between this compliment of proteins and the eukaryotic genome is referred to as chromatin.
Bare Metal Stent Use in Type B Aortic Dissection May Offer Positive Remodeling for the Distal Aorta.

Background Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is increasingly used in acute complicated type B aortic dissection. The objective of this study was to demonstrate evidence of aortic remodeling by using a Proximal ExTension to Induce COmplete ATtachment (PETTICOAT) system in patients with acute complicated type B aortic dissections. Methods From 2013 to 2016, 213 patients with type B aortic dissection were seen at our institution. A total of 33 of those patients underwent thoracic endografting for complicated acute type B aortic dissection. Of these patients, 12 underwent standard thoracic endovascular aortic repair (standard group), and 21 had an additional bare metal stent distal to the covered endograft (PETTICOAT group). Aortic dimensions were measured on the basis of on three-dimensional computed tomographic scans on discharge and at 6 months. Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the standard group and the PETTICOAT group. At 6 months, both the PETTICOAT and standard groups had significant change in aortic diameter, true lumen diameter, and true lumen ratio throughout the thoracoabdominal aorta demonstrating positive remodeling. The change in true lumen ratio was significantly greater at the level of the celiac artery with the PETTICOAT system when compared with the standard group. Conclusions The use of a PETTICOAT concept with an addition of a bare metal stent distal to the proximal thoracic endograft offers positive aortic remodeling in the thoracoabdominal aorta at 6 months.
Modeling the Influence of Technician Proficiency and Maintenance Strategies on Production System Performance

Maintenance tasks will be the latest automated part of a manufacturing system. Thus, the technician proficiency impacts manufacturing performance. We studied the influence of maintenance proficiency on both machine availability and manufacturing cycle times under three different maintenance strategies: run-to-failure (RTF), preventive maintenance (PM), and condition-based maintenance (CBM). To discuss scenarios in the same framework, we modeled a health-index based phase-type model and a probability model for imperfect maintenance being subject to technician proficiency. Finally, we simulated a single machine queueing model with different technician proficiency and maintenance strategies. The simulation results revealed that CBM could resist lower proficiency and keep higher availability and low manufacturing cycle times than RTF and PM.
The relation between dimensions of maltreatment, placement instability, and mental health among youth in foster care

Abstract Youth in foster care with maltreatment experiences often demonstrate higher rates of mental and behavioral health problems compared to youth in the general population as well as maltreated youth who remain at home. Previous research has demonstrated that dimensions of maltreatment (type, frequency, and severity) and placement instability are two prominent factors that account for high rates of psychopathology (e.g., depression, anxiety, and disruptive behavior disorders). The present study sought to clarify the relation between maltreatment and mental health among youth in foster care by studying both the isolated dimensions of maltreatment and cumulative maltreatment, and to determine whether the effects of maltreatment on mental health operated indirectly through placement instability. Information on youth in foster care’s (N = 496, Mage = 13.14) mental and behavioral health, maltreatment history, and placement changes were obtained from state records and primary caregivers. Using a SEM framework, the results suggest that maltreatment and placement instability each independently relate to mental and behavioral health problems. Further, none of the maltreatment types predicted greater placement instability in the current models. These findings suggest that placement stability is critical for mental health for youth in foster care, regardless of the type, severity, or frequency of their maltreatment experiences. Results also indicated that, although cumulative maltreatment predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, maltreatment frequency and severity had direct relations to externalizing symptoms only. These findings underscore the utility of comprehensive maltreatment assessment, encouraging researchers and clinicians to assess and carefully consider the relation between maltreatment dimensions and outcomes.
MarValous: machine learning based detection of emotions in the valence-arousal space in software engineering text

Emotion analysis in text has drawn recent interests in the software engineering (SE) community. Existing domain-independent techniques for automated emotion/sentiment analysis perform poorly when operated on SE text. Thus, a few SE domain-specific tools are recently developed for detecting sentimental polarities (e.g., positivity, negativity). But, for capturing individual emotional states such as excitation, stress, depression, and relaxation, there is only one recent tool named DEVA, which uses a lexicon-based approach. We have developed MarValous, the first Machine Learning based tool for improved detection of the aforementioned emotional states in software engineering text. We evaluate MarValous using a dataset containing 5,122 comments collected from JIRA and Stack Overflow. From a quantitative evaluation, MarValous is found to have substantially outperformed DEVA achieving more than 83% precision and more than 79% recall.