cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal thermal heterogeneity in rivers and refugia for coldwater species: effects of scale and climate change

Climate-change driven increases in water temperature pose challenges for aquatic organisms. Predictions of impacts typically do not account for fine-grained spatiotemporal thermal patterns in rivers. Patches of cooler water could serve as refuges for anadromous species like salmon that migrate during summer. We used high-resolution remotely sensed water temperature data to characterize summer thermal heterogeneity patterns for 11,308 km of 2nd- to 7th-order rivers throughout the Pacific Northwest and northern California (USA). We evaluated (1) water temperature patterns at different spatial resolutions, (2) the frequency, size, and spacing of cool thermal patches suitable for Pacific salmon (i.e., contiguous stretches ≥0.25 km, ≤15°C and ≥2°C cooler than adjacent water), and (3) potential influences of climate change on availability of cool patches. Thermal heterogeneity was nonlinearly related to the spatial resolution of water temperature data, and heterogeneity at fine resolution ( 2.7 and 5.7 and <49.4 km. Thermal heterogeneity varied among rivers, some of which had long uninterrupted stretches of warm water ≥20°C, and others had many smaller cool patches. Our models predicted little change in future thermal heterogeneity among rivers, but within-river patterns sometimes changed markedly compared to contemporary patterns. These results can inform long-term monitoring programs as well as near-term climate-adaptation strategies.
Hepatitis C virus. A review.

Abstract Hepatitis C virus has been shown to be responsible for most cases of posttransfusion hepatitis, as well as for sporadic non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus has also been implicated in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune hepatitis, and fulminant viral hepatitis. Although the role of the parenteral transmission of hepatitis C virus is well established, its route of transmission in cases of sporadic infection remains unclear. Sexual transmission is suspected but not confirmed. Recent work regarding treatment has shown interferon alfa to be effective, but the discontinuation of therapy is associated with a 50% relapse rate.
State Taxation of Active Duty Servicemembers' Personal Income

The author review the states' tax treatment of active-duty services' income; she considers whether it is fair to give servicemembers special treatment. Although special tax treatment might not satisfy the principles of sound tax policy, states are likely to continue to offer it, she says.
Error estimates for interpolation by generalized splines

Interpolation with linear combinations of translates of a conditionally positive definite function h are considered. Such interpolants are solutions to a constrained variational problem involving the data and a quadratic form determined by h . In the case where the data is the restriction of an appropriate function f to a subset X in ℝ n , pointwise estimates, which are valid in a neighborhood of X , are given on the difference between f and its interpolant.
Behavior and exocrine glands in the myrmecophilous beetle Lomechusoides strumosus (Fabricius, 1775) (formerly called Lomechusa strumosa) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

To become integrated into an ant society, myrmecophilous parasites must overcome both the defenses and the communication system of their hosts. Some aleocharine staphylinid beetles employ chemical and tactile strategies to invade colonies, where they later consume ant brood and participate in parasitic trophallaxis with host ants. By producing compounds that both appease their hosts and stimulate adoption, the beetles are able to live in and deposit their own eggs in the well defended ant nest. In the current paper, previous findings on the myrmecophilous behavior and morphological features of the staphylinid beetle Lomechusoides (formerly Lomechusa) strumosus are reviewed and re-evaluated. Hitherto unpublished results concerning the beetles' ability to participate in the social food flow of their host ants are reported. Furthermore, we present an analysis and documentation of the behavioral interactions between beetles and host ants during the adoption process, and we report new histological and scanning electron microscopic analyses of the exocrine glands and morphological adaptations that underlie the myrmecophilous behavior of L. strumosus. The main features of L. strumosus are compared with those of the staphilinid myrmecophile Lomechusa (formerly Atemeles) pubicollis. The paper concludes with a description of the life trajectory of L. strumosus and presents a brief history and discussion of the hypotheses concerning the evolution of myrmecophily in L. strumosus and other highly adapted myrmecophilous parasites.
Updates on managing advanced breast cancer with palbociclib combination therapy.

Background:The objective of this study was to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of palbociclib, a first-in-class cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, for the management of advanced br...
Use of Ventricular Assist Device Acoustical Signatures to Detect Device Thrombosis

Background Pump thrombosis (PT), the most common cause of failure in ventricular assist devices (VADs), can be mitigated with earlier diagnosis before triggering any clinical events or requiring VAD replacement. Hypothesis Acoustical signatures of VADs can provide substantial information regarding PT. Methods We included 10 patients (6 axial, 4 centrifugal VADs) presenting with pump power elevations and recurrent abnormal hemolysis markers consistent with suspected PT. VAD sounds were recorded multiple times using a digital stethoscope (EKO Core) at baseline or before developing thrombosis (normal baseline), during thrombosis episodes and after treatment with heparin or tissue plasminogen activator (Fig. (a)). The 2 types of pumps were analyzed separately (42 recordings from axial and 30 recordings from centrifugal) using 3 steps: (1) Extracting features (time-frequency, acoustic and nonlinearity features) from each recording; (2) Feature importance ranking using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to evaluate which features were most relevant for distinguishing among different states; (3) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and 2D visualization (Fig. (b)). Results We found that separation among the different states is achieved using the combination of XGBoost feature importance ranking and PCA (Fig. (c)). The suggested pipeline of analysis can overcome the problems emerging from inter-subject variability. In both pumps, sounds recorded from VADs with PT had different signatures than baseline sounds. Better separation was observed for axial pumps relative to centrifugal pumps, which may be due to the difference in operating speeds (average 9400 vs 2600 rpms, respectively). We observed a slight overlap between the post treatment and baseline episodes, suggesting the possible presence of residual PT that is not identified by hemolysis biomarkers and/or pump powers. Conclusion Applying machine learning algorithms on pump acoustical signals provides substantial information regarding thrombosis states, and potentially allows for sensitive detection of PT assisting hemolysis biomarkers and pump powers.
Community Design Circles: Co-designing Justice and Wellbeing in Family-Community-Research Partnerships

Researchers and practitioners of family engagement have long called for a move beyond conventional deficit-based family-school partnerships. In response, a burgeoning movement in the field has sought to identify and enact new forms of collaboration with nondominant families and communities, in terms of both change-making and the process of research itself. In this article, we bridge the fields of family engagement and design-based research to conceptualize and illustrate a solidarity-driven process of partnership we undertook with families and communities of color, educators, and other researchers towards community-defined wellbeing and education justice. We offer community design circles as a methodological evolution aimed at reclaiming the central agentic role of families and communities of color in transforming educational research and practice. We illustrate three co-design dimensions with vignettes from a national-level participatory design research project called the Family Leadership Design Collaborative: 1) building from and with families’ and communities’ definitions of wellbeing and justice; 2) disrupting normative, asymmetrical dynamics; and 3) building capacity for social dreaming and changemaking.
Prognostic Value of IPSS-R Score, Cytogenetic Aberrations, and Cytopenias on Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Myelodysplastic Syndrome in GATA2 Deficiency

Abstract Sporadic or familial germline mutations in GATA2 frequently result in a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by recurrent life-threatening infections, cytopenias, and progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only definitive therapy for GATA2 deficiency. However, the highly variable disease penetrance in different families, and in mutation positive individuals within a single family, make the timing of HSCT challenging. We assessed the utility of scoring patient characteristics according to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) to predict survival after HSCT in a cohort of 51 patients with GATA2 deficiency who had progressed to MDS. Higher IPSS-R scores significantly correlated with reduced overall survival after transplant. In evaluating the components of the IPSS-R score for patients with GATA2 deficiency, cytopenias, including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, were important variables in placing these patients in higher risk IPSS-R categories. Since GATA2 deficiency patients have very low peripheral blood monocyte, B cell, and NK cell counts, we evaluated these cytopenias in conjunction with IPSS-R scoring. These cytopenias also had prognostic value for outcome after HSCT in patients with GATA2 deficiency. Cytogenetics, another component of the IPSS-R score, also placed patients with GATA2 deficiency into higher risk categories. In particular, patients harboring monosomy 7 had poorer survival outcomes than patients with normal cytogenetics or trisomy 8. Of note, all five patients with GATA2 deficiency and trisomy 1q successfully underwent HSCT. Clonal cytogenetic progression with the development of additional cytogenetic aberrations was a harbinger of myeloid progression and led to HSCT. In a cohort of four patients who underwent HSCT following progression to AML/CMML, there was only one survivor. Thus, HSCT is recommended in patients with GATA2 deficiency and intermediate or high-risk IPSS-R scores before the development of AML or CMML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Quantum Sensing in CMOS under Ambient Conditions: On-Chip Detection of Electronic Spin States in Diamond

We demonstrate the first on-chip NV ODMR for quantum sensing, which combines the compactness of CMOS integrated circuit technologies with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. © 2019 The Author(s)
Neuronal cell biology

Abstract Neurons have three major compartments: the cell body, the axon, and the dendrite. The latter two are unique with respect to other body areas. The axon has a transport mechanism called rapid axonal transport that carries newly synthesized membranes along microtubules to the presynaptic ending. These vesicles are bound to motor molecules called kinesins that use ATP to propel the membranes along the microtubules. The microtubules are connected to each other by tau molecules, which are only present in axons. Other proteins are transported down the axon by slow transport, which is 50 times slower than rapid transport. Dendrites’ microtubules are polarized + to − and − to + with respect to the cell body. In other cells the microtubules are connected to an organelle near the cell nucleus called the centrosome and polarized in a − to − direction as they radiate toward the plasma membrane. They also contain a microtubule connecting protein, MAP2, that is only found in dendrites. Protein synthesis occurs at the terminals of both axons and dendrites. mRNAs for many proteins are carried to the nerve terminals and are stored as RNA-protein particles. When a developing neuron puts out processes, one becomes an axon, the others, dendrites.
Peer review and training: Pathways to quality and value in second language writing

This study examined the impact of teaching students to provide and incorporate peers’ feedback on their partners’ second language (L2) writing. Sixty‐five participants enrolled in Spanish composition classes were assigned to one of three conditions: trained peer review (n = 21), untrained peer review (n =21), and a non‐peer‐review comparison group (n = 23). Each group produced narrative and expository texts that were analyzed and scored by three raters to determine the extent to which students’ text quality improved from one version to the next as well as throughout the semester, and what type of feedback L2 learners incorporated into their revisions. Results showed that participation in systematic training involving discussion and interaction with their peers allowed L2 learners to provide significantly more comments that contributed to substantial gains in final text versions. By receiving feedback from a trained L2 peer and incorporating a higher number of peers’ comments into their text revisions, L2 learners were able to effectively use feedback that led to better text quality.
R1ρ sensitivity to pH and other compounds at clinically accessible spin‐lock fields in the presence of proteins

Numerous human diseases involve abnormal metabolism, and proton exchange is an effective source of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast for assessing metabolism. One MRI technique that capitalizes on proton exchange is R1 relaxation in the rotating frame (R1ρ ). Here, we investigated the sensitivity of R1ρ to various proton-exchange mechanisms at spin-lock pulses within Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety guidelines for radiofrequency-induced heating. We systematically varied pH known to change the rate of proton exchange as well as the glucose and lysine concentrations, thus changing the number of amide, hydroxyl and amine exchangeable sites in a series of egg-white albumin phantoms. The resulting effects on quantitative relaxation time measurements of R1ρ , R1 and R2 were observed at 3 T. Using spin-lock amplitudes available for human imaging (less than 23.5 μT) at near physiologic temperatures, we found R1ρ was more sensitive to physiologic changes in pH than to changes in glucose and lysine concentrations. In addition, R1ρ was more sensitive to pH changes than R1 and R2 . Models of proton exchange fitted to the relaxation measurements suggest that amide groups were the primary source of pH sensitivity. Together, these experiments suggest an optimal spin-lock amplitude for measuring pH changes while not exceeding FDA-subject heating limitations.
Benzamidine ML336 inhibits plus and minus strand RNA synthesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus without affecting host RNA production.

Abstract Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an alphavirus that is endemic to the Americas. VEEV outbreaks occur periodically and cause encephalitis in both humans and equids. There are currently no therapeutics or vaccines for treatment of VEEV in humans. Our group has previously reported on the development of a benzamidine VEEV inhibitor, ML336, which shows potent antiviral activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of infection. In cell culture experiments, ML336 inhibits viral RNA synthesis when added 2–4 h post-infection, and mutations conferring resistance occur within the viral nonstructural proteins (nsP2 and nsP4). We hypothesized that ML336 targets an activity of the viral replicase complex and inhibits viral RNA synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we employed various biochemical and cellular assays. Using structural analogues of ML336, we demonstrate that the cellular antiviral activity of these compounds correlates with their inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. For instance, the IC50 of ML336 for VEEV RNA synthesis inhibition was determined as 1.1 nM, indicating potent anti-RNA synthesis activity in the low nanomolar range. While ML336 efficiently inhibited VEEV RNA synthesis, a much weaker effect was observed against the Old World alphavirus Chikungunya virus (IC50 > 4 μM), agreeing with previous data from a cell based assay. Using a tritium incorporation assay, we demonstrated that there was no significant inhibition of cellular transcription. With a combination of fluorography, strand-specific qRT-PCR, and tritium incorporation, we demonstrated that ML336 inhibits the synthesis of the positive sense genomic, negative sense template, and subgenomic RNAs of VEEV. Based on these results, we propose that the mechanism of action for this class of antiviral compounds is inhibition of viral RNA synthesis through interaction with the viral replicase complex.
Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract Background Financial incentives for smoking cessation and use of evidence-based therapy may increase quitting rates and reduce health and economic disparities. Methods We randomized a low-income population of 182 hospitalized patients (mean age 58 years, 45% with high school education or less) to enhanced usual care, which included hospital-directed cessation care and Quitline referral or enhanced usual care plus financial incentives. All patients received enhanced usual care, while participants randomized to the financial incentives group were also eligible to receive up to $550 for participation in Quitline counseling ($50), participation in a community-based cessation program ($50), use of pharmacotherapy ($50), and biochemically confirmed smoking cessation at 2 months ($150) and 6 months ($250). Primary outcome was biochemically confirmed smoking cessation at 6 months after hospital discharge. Results Total mean payment was $84 (standard deviation [SD] = $133) in the incentive group. The 6-month rate of biochemically confirmed smoking cessation was 19.6% in the incentive group and 8.9% in the enhanced usual care group (odds ratio [OR] 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84 to 7.83, P = 0.10). Participants in the incentive group had higher rates of nicotine replacement therapy use (57.3% vs 31.3%, P = 0.002). Financial incentives did not improve subjective social status but did increase financial stress. Conclusions Rates of bioconfirmed smoking cessation were higher among hospitalized patients randomized to financial incentives compared to usual care alone, but the difference was not significant. Considering the frequency of low payouts and the importance of assistance for successful quitting, future studies should explore the effectiveness of financial incentives sufficiently large to overcome barriers to evidence-based therapy.
Equitable and Timely Care of Febrile Neonates: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES In pediatric emergency departments (EDs), racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to receive needed and timely care; however, clinical protocols have the potential to mitigate disparities. Neonatal fever management is protocolized in many EDs, but the timeliness to antibiotic administration is likely variable. We investigated the timeliness of antibiotic administration for febrile neonates and whether timeliness was associated with patients' race/ethnicity. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of febrile neonates evaluated in one pediatric ED that uses an evidence-based guideline for the management of neonatal fever between March 2010 and December 2015. Primary outcome was time from ED arrival to antibiotic administration. Analysis of variance tests compared mean time with antibiotic administration across race/ethnicity. Multivariable linear regression investigated racial/ethnic differences in time to antibiotic administration after adjusting for patient demographics, timing of visit, the number of physicians involved, and ED census. RESULTS We evaluated 317 febrile neonates. Of the 269 patients with racial/ethnic data (84.9%), 54% were white non-Hispanic, 13% were black non-Hispanic, and 23% were Hispanic. The mean time to antibiotic administration was 204 minutes (range = 51-601 minutes). There was no significant association between patient race/ethnicity and time to first antibiotic administration. Emergency department census was significantly associated with timeliness. CONCLUSIONS There was a 10-hour range in the time to antibiotic administration for febrile neonates; however, variability in timeliness did not differ by race or ethnicity. This study demonstrates the need to further examine the role of protocols in mitigating disparities as well as factors that influence timeliness in antibiotic administration to febrile neonates.
Review: Çemberlitaş Hamamı in Istanbul: The Biographical Memoir of a Turkish Bath, by Nina Macaraig

Nina Macaraig Cemberlitas Hamami in Istanbul: The Biographical Memoir of a Turkish Bath Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019, 392 pp., 4 tables, 41 color and 51 b/w illus. $91 (cloth), ISBN 9781474434102 Cemberlitas Hamami in Istanbul traces the history of an Ottoman public bath (hamam) across nearly five centuries, beginning with its construction in 1583 and continuing into the present. In this innovative and wide-ranging work, Nina Macaraig addresses not only this specific building still in operation today but also topics as diverse as public bath construction from the Roman period onward, the function and use of public baths in the Ottoman Empire, and social life in Istanbul over the centuries. The last of these topics is treated throughout the book in chronological fashion, from the social functions of urban charitable foundations in the early modern period to eighteenth-century social unrest, nineteenth-century modernization efforts, twentieth-century urban renewal, and, finally, twenty-first-century concerns such as heritage preservation, digital platforms, and tourist mind-sets. Throughout, Macaraig writes in an accessible, engaging manner, and her erudition on all topics related to the bath is impressive. Cemberlitas Hamami is located on the Divan Yolu, the main thoroughfare between Hagia Sophia and the covered bazaar in Istanbul, and shares the name of its neighborhood: Cemberlitas (the Column with Rings), the Turkish name given to the Column of Constantine located there. The hamam was built as part of a large charitable foundation sponsored by Nurbanu Sultan, the mother of the Ottoman sultan Murad III (r. 1574–95) and wife of Selim II (r. 1566–74). The bath's main purpose was to generate revenue to maintain the mosque complex in Uskudar, now known as the Atik Valide Camii (Old Queen Mother's Mosque), which was the heart of the queen mother's foundation. Cemberlitas Hamami still functions today, unlike the three other hamams elsewhere in the city that were once part of the endowment but have since been reduced to storage facilities or industrial workshops. Macaraig's …
Data-driven Bayesian network model for early kick detection in industrial drilling process

Abstract Kick, or hydrocarbon influx, is one of the significant challenges during the drilling operation. A kick happens when the formation pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure of mud weight. Detection of a kick at an early stage spares more time to take necessary actions to prevent its growth and mitigate the potential well blowout. There are varieties of methods applied for early kick detection. The conventional method entails monitoring surface parameters which leads to delay in the detection. Some recent works show the ability to employ monitoring of downhole parameters to realize early kick detection. Data-driven Bayesian Network (BN) has shown to solve problems in complex systems where the knowledge about the system is not adequate to apply a model-based method. Data-driven BN creates a model based on historical data, which is usually available, unlike expensive, and often insufficient, expert knowledge. Using the data obtained in a laboratory-scale experiment, this paper presents the application of data-driven BN model in using downhole parameters to early kick detection.
Parcels: memories of Salvadoran migration: by Mike Anastario, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 2019, 212 pp., US$27.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8135-9522-1

News of asylum seekers and migrant caravans have served as major topics of discussion in today’s society as large numbers of Central Americans have made the journey toward the United States in sear...
Hyperhemolysis Syndrome Following Red Cell Exchange in a Newly Diagnosed Sickle Cell Disease Patient With Spinal Cord Infarction

Hyperhemolysis syndrome (HS) is a rare red blood cell (RBC) transfusion reaction that shares similarities with other hemolytic transfusion reactions. Because of this, it is important to recognize key presenting clinical and laboratory features in order to guide therapy. In this case report, a patient with a sickling hemoglobinopathy who developed HS is presented. The atypical nature of this case resides in the clinical presentation of paraplegia secondary to spinal cord infarction, increasingly complex blood group serological findings, and multiple RBC exchanges prior to the HS reaction. Once the patient was diagnosed with probable HS, approximately 4 weeks into her clinical course, RBC transfusion (including exchange transfusion) was withheld. Instead, corticosteroids and erythropoietin were initiated without complication. The patient remained stable with this treatment modality until her care was transferred to a hospital with a comprehensive sickle cell center. This case highlights the need to withhold transfusion in HS patients, barring exceptional circumstances, and the efficacy of initiating immunomodulatory and erythropoiesis stimulating therapies. J Med Cases. 2020;11(9):263-266 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3541
Chemically aromatic novel additive material for short circuit current density improvement in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells

Different additive materials have been extensively investigated in hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) to enhance the crystal growth, minimize defects and to improve the device stability. However, most of the additive engineering attempts are basically dedicated to the improvement of open circuit voltage (Voc) in PSC. There are very few investigations where PSC’s short circuit current density (Jsc) is significantly improved along with the Voc. In this work, a novel organic additive material called Phenylhydrazinium iodide (PHI) has been employed to enhance the Jsc hence the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CH3NH3PbI3 PSC. Surprisingly, after PHI treatment Jsc jumps from around 20 to 23 mA/cm2 which corresponds to ~15% increase of short circuit current density resulting overall 21% improvement in PCE. PHI treatment in wide-bandgap perovskite will help to mitigate the problem of shorter Jsc in compared to low-bandgap perovskite materials in multi-junctional tandem solar cell.
Sustainable Production of the Biofuel n-Butanol by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1

Abstract Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) release in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion has inspired scientists to study CO2 to fuel conversion. Oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria have been used to produce biofuels using CO2. However, oxygen generation during oxygenic photosynthesis affects biofuel production efficiency. To produce n-butanol (biofuel) from CO2, here we introduced an n-butanol biosynthesis pathway into an anoxygenic (non-oxygen evolving) photoautotroph, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1). Using different carbon, nitrogen, and electron sources, we achieved n-butanol production in wild-type TIE-1 and mutants lacking electron-consuming (nitrogen-fixing) or acetyl-CoA-consuming (polyhydroxybutyrate and glycogen synthesis) pathways. The mutant lacking the nitrogen-fixing pathway produced highest n-butanol. Coupled with novel hybrid bioelectrochemical platforms, this mutant produced n-butanol using CO2, solar panel-generated electricity, and light, with high electrical energy conversion efficiency. Overall, this approach showcases TIE-1 as an attractive microbial chassis for carbon-neutral n-butanol bioproduction using sustainable, renewable, and abundant resources.
Retrieval of UV-Visible aerosol absorption using AERONET andOMI-MODIS synergy: Spatial and temporal variability across majoraerosol environments

Abstract. Measuring spectral aerosol absorption remains a challenging task in aerosol studies, especially in the UV region, where the ground and airborne measurements are sparse. In this research, we introduce an algorithm that synergizes ground measurements with satellite observations for the derivation of spectral single scattering albedo (SSA, ωo) of aerosols in the UV to visible range (340–670 nm). The approach consists in explaining satellite measured near-UV radiances (340, 354 and 388 nm) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and visible radiances (466 and 646 nm) by MODerate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), in terms of ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements of total column extinction aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ), and retrieved total column wavelength dependent SSA using radiative transfer calculations. Required information on aerosol particle size distribution is taken from an AERONET-based climatology specifically developed for this project. This inversion procedure is applied over 110 AERONET sites distributed worldwide, for which continuous, long-term AERONET measurements are available. Using the derived data set we present seasonal and regional climatology of ωo(λ) for carbonaceous, dust and urban/industrial aerosol types. The UV-Visible spectral dependence of ωo obtained for the three major aerosol types from the synergy algorithm is found to be consistent with the in situ measurements reported in the literature. A comparison to standard AERONET SSA product at 646 nm shows absolute differences within 0.03 (0.05) for 40 % (59 %) of the compared observations. The derived aerosol ωo(λ) data set provides a valuable addition to the existing aerosol absorption record from AERONET by extending the absorption retrieval capability to the near-UV region. The combined UV-Visible data set, in addition to improving our understanding of spectral aerosol absorption properties, also offers wavelength-dependent dynamic aerosol absorption models for use in the satellite-based aerosol retrieval algorithms.
Single-pixel hyperspectral macroscopic autofluorescence lifetime imaging and unmixing with deep learning

We propose a Single-Pixel Macroscopic Autofluorescence Imaging platform with supercontinuum excitation (440-690nm) and 16 parallel wavelength detection (475-1000nm) through a spectrophotometer coupled Single Photon Counting PMT. Recorded decays of FAD, POPOP and PPIX commercial auto-fluorophores serve to simulate training samples for UNMIX-ME, a deep learning algorithm that disentangles spectral overlaps. In silico mixed samples are reconstructed as a proof of concept and mixed in vitro samples prepared, measured and reconstructed to unmixed intensity and lifetime images. The results highlight the utility of the platform to macroscopically quantify autofluorescence lifetime in vitro and its future potential for in vivo autofluorescence imaging.
Novel compound heterozygous frameshift variants in WDR81 associated with congenital hydrocephalus 3 with brain anomalies: First Chinese prenatal case confirms WDR81 involvement.

BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus-3 with brain anomalies (HYC3, MIM 617967) is a rare form of congenital hydrocephalus characterized by severe hydrocephalus and cerebellar abnormalities, the onset of the disease occurs in utero even resulting in fetal death. A very limited spectrum of WDR81 pathogenic variants had been reported in three unrelated families with HYC3. This study aims at presenting novel compound heterozygous frameshift variants in WDR81 in a Chinese fetus. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies including sever hydrocephalus, cleft lip and palate, hydrops fetalis, hepatomegaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the origin of the variants subsequently. Variants classification was based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. RESULTS Two novel heterozygous variants c.146_147insG (p.Thr52fs) and c.673delC (p.Leu225fs) in WDR81 were identified. Sanger sequencing revealed that the c.146_147insG mutation was maternal origin and the c.673delC mutation was paternal origin. Both variants were pathogenic according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines. CONCLUSION The present study expands the mutation spectrum of WDR81 and help further define the genotype-phenotype correlations of HYC3. WDR81-related HYC3 were highly clinical heterogeneity. We suggested that fetal hydrocephalus with extracerebral manifestations may be suggestive of WDR81 deficiency and WES is effective for achieving a conclusive diagnosis for disorder.
Capital, Liquidity and Prudential Regulation (Presentation Slides)

This presentation addresses the following issues: How does bank capital affect bank liquidity creation? How does bank capital affect bank performance during crises/bad times and normal times? What are implications for bank regulation?
Otolaryngology resident clinic participation and attending electronic health record efficiency—A user activity logs study

Objectives In an era of increasing electronic health record (EHR) use monitoring and optimization, this study aims to quantify resident contributions and measure the effect of otolaryngology resident coverage in clinic on attending otolaryngologist EHR usage. Methods In one academic otolaryngology department, monthly attending provider efficiency profile metrics, data collected by the EHR vendor (Epic Systems Corporation) between January and June 2019 were accessed. Using weekly resident schedules, resident coverage of attending outpatient clinics was categorized by junior (post-graduate year [PGY] 1-3) and senior levels (PGY-4 through fellows) and correlated with attending EHR metrics using linear mixed effect models.Results: Thirteen attending otolaryngologists on average spent 58.8 minutes per day interacting with the EHR. In modeling, one day of trainee clinic coverage was associated with a 22 minutes reduction (95% CI [-37, -6]) in total daily attending EHR time and a 12 minutes reduction (95% CI [-21, -3]) in per day note time (P < .05). When stratifying by trainee level, senior coverage was associated with significantly reduced total daily time in EHR, per day time in clinical review, notes, and orders, as well as per appointment time in notes and clinical review (P < .05). Junior coverage was only associated with reduced per day note time (P < .05). Conclusions Increasing resident clinic coverage was inversely related to attending time spent in the EHR and writing notes. Resident contributions to EHR workflows and hospital system productivity should continue to be studied and considered in EHR use measurement studies. Level of Evidence Level 4.
1933–1938: The New Deal and the Great Depression

In December 1938, US president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) contemplated recent setbacks that challenged the viability of his program of economic recovery, popularly called the “New Deal.” Various achievements and defeats in the first three years of his administration energized his supporters and galvanized a diverse opposition of conservatives, populists, and extremists—who believed FDR had gone too far or not far enough. Critics accused him of overreach of powers beyond his constitutional authority, of inconsistency, of inciting class warfare, and of creating conditions that actually retarded recovery. Would the record of the New Deal sustain the level of popular support that he won in the election of 1936? Had his policies and programs promoted economic recovery? What lessons should he learn from his defeats? What changes should he make in his programs and politics as he entered the election year? Should he double down on his progressive agenda or change course? Excerpt UVA-F-1951 Jun. 30, 2020 1933–1938: The New Deal and the Great Depression In late 1938, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) contemplated recent political setbacks that appeared to doom his political program, popularly called the “New Deal.” A program of unprecedented breadth and impact, the New Deal stood out as the most aggressive civic reaction to an economic crisis in history. And it proved to be among the most polarizing. Various achievements and defeats in the first five years of FDR's administration energized his supporters and galvanized a diverse opposition of conservatives, populists, socialists, communists, isolationists, and extremists—all of whom believed FDR had gone too far or not far enough. Critics accused him of overreach of powers beyond his constitutional authority, of inconsistency, of class warfare, and of creating conditions that actually retarded recovery. Nevertheless, voters had returned FDR to a second term in office with a thumping majority of 60.8% in 1936 (see Exhibit1). On the basis of that momentum, FDR had sought to sustain his reform policies of “bold, persistent experimentation,” only to confront rising resistance and political humiliation in the midterm elections of 1938. By year-end, FDR saw that the New Deal had lost its momentum and that rising international tensions would command more of the nation's attention and resources. In his draft State of the Union Address for January 4, 1939, he planned to “advise the congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas” and to relegate “our nation's program of social and economic reform [to]…a part of defense”—thus marking a major shift in priorities and policies. . . .
Perfusion Decellularization of Discarded Human Kidneys: A Valuable Platform for Organ Regeneration.

In this issue of Transplantation Andrea Peloso and colleagues report on the successful application of perfusion decellularization in discarded human kidneys to generate scaffolds for organ regeneration. (1) The authors provide important insight into mechanical integrity and morphological features of the native vascular tree and examine matrix bound growth factors after perfusion decellularization of human kidneys. Both of these are fundamental scaffold properties that enable cell engraftment, tissue formation, and perfusion during culture and after transplantation.
Nitrite test strips for detection of nitrate reduction by mycobacteria.

A reagent-impregnated paper strip for the detection of nitrite production by mycobacteria is described. As a screening test for the classification of mycobacteria, the nitrite test strip technic is as sensitive as the standard broth method. Long shelf-life, semiquantitative results, and simplicity of performance enhance its value as a clinical laboratory procedure.
Internal tidal energy fluxes in the South China Sea from density and velocity measurements by gliders

[1] Internal tidal energy fluxes were obtained from June 2011 to August 2011 using underwater gliders in the South China Sea. Spray gliders profiled every ∼2 h to 500 m, which is deep enough given the shallow thermocline to compute mode-1 fluxes from vertical mode fits to tidal displacements and currents. Westward, mode-1 diurnal and semidiurnal fluxes exceeded 40 and 30 kW m−1. To our knowledge, these flux observations are the first from both velocity and density measurements by gliders. Fluxes compare well with a mooring near a generation site in southern Luzon Strait and a regional model. Furthermore, the zonal-depth structure of the internal tide is obtained by binning measurements, which cover four spring-neap cycles and over 100 km along 20°39′N. Westward phase propagation is found for currents and displacements, while roughly constant phase is found along beams. Both these features of the phase suggest a narrow-banded internal tide. Semidiurnal energy density is largest along a raypath which coincides with generation sites on both the eastern and western ridges in Luzon Strait. Diurnal energy density is surface-intensified consistent with relatively shallower diurnal raypaths emanating from the eastern ridge.
Proline-directed protein kinase (p34cdc2/p58cyclin A) phosphorylates bovine neurofilaments.

: Proline-directed protein kinase (PDPK), a complex of p34cdc2 and p58cyclin A, phosphorylates bovine neurofilaments (NFs) in vitro. Incubation of intact filaments with PDPK led to strong labeling of the heavy (NF-H) and middle (NF-M) molecular weight NF proteins and weaker labeling of the low molecular weight protein (NF-L). All three proteins were phosphorylated in solution, with the best substrate being NF-H. Proteins that had been dephosphorylated by enzymatic treatment were better substrates than native proteins—as many as 6 mol of phosphate were incorporated per mole of NF-H. Partial proteolytic cleavage experiments combined with two-dimensional peptide mapping indicated that NF-H and NF-M were phosphorylated predominantly in the tail domains, with some phosphate also appearing in the heads. Soluble NF-L is phosphorylated on the head domain peptide L-3, whereas NF-L within intact filaments is phosphorylated only on the tail domain peptide L-1. Phosphorylation does not lead to filament disassembly. A possible role for PDPK in NF phosphorylation in vivo is discussed.
Badge it! A collaborative learning outcomes based approach to integrating information literacy badges within disciplinary curriculum

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss the collaborative learning outcomes-based approach taken by a librarian and disciplinary faculty members to improve information literacy (IL) curriculum within disciplinary courses. To this end, the team aimed to award badges to certify IL skills. Design/methodology/approach – This article considers relevant literature on competency-based curriculum, technological innovation in higher education, collaboration between library and disciplinary faculty and badges. This literature is used to frame the approach to plan a successful and sustainable project to embed IL in disciplinary curriculum using digital badges. The approach includes mapping learning outcomes and engaging in instructional design tasks – including planning for content delivery and student assessment. Findings – An approach to technological innovation for instructional projects based on the principles of pedagogical design can result in improvements to IL pedagogy and collaboration between librarians and disciplinary faculty, whether or not a technological implementation is successful. Practical implications – Librarians and disciplinary faculty can take a pedagogical and learning outcomes-based approach to embedding IL into disciplinary curricula. Further, despite administrative push for technological innovation, projects can succeed when focused on improvements to pedagogy rather than solely on the implementation of new technologies. Originality/value – Planning for and implementing badges for IL curriculum is in an incipient phase in higher education. This paper uniquely addresses a collaborative approach to be used by librarians to plan and implement embedded library instruction in disciplinary courses, with or without the use of badging technology.
Assessing the impacts of partial mass depletion in DNAPL source zones: I. Analytical modeling of source strength functions and plume response

Analytical solutions are developed for approximating the time-dependent contaminant discharge from DNAPL source zones undergoing dissolution and other decay processes. The source functions assume a power relationship between source mass and chemical discharge and can consider partial DNAPL source remediation (depletion) at any time after the initial DNAPL release. The source functions are used as a time-dependent boundary condition in an idealized chemical transport model to develop leading order approximations of the plume response to DNAPL source removal. The results suggest that partial DNAPL remediation does not tend to have a dramatic impact on the maximum extent of the plume if very low concentration values are used to define the plume boundaries. However, the solutions show that partial DNAPL removal from the source zone is likely to lead to large reductions in plume concentrations and mass, and it reduces the longevity of the plume. When the mass discharge from the source zone is linearly related to the DNAPL mass, it is shown that partial DNAPL depletion leads to linearly proportional reductions in the plume mass and concentrations.
Rickettsial Hemolysis: Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors upon Hemolysis and Adsorption

The hemolysis of sheep red blood cells by typhus rickettsiae is initiated by a temperature-sensitive adsorption process that is dependent on the energy-generating metabolism of the rickettsaie but not that of the erythrocyte. Adsorption is followed by events dependent on the metabolism of both the rickettsaie and red blood cells. At 34 C the adsorption step is complete after about 4 min, at lower temperatures the time required for adsorption is increased. At 0 C no adsorption occurred. The addition of cyanide inhibited the catabolism of glutamate by the rickettsiae and, consequently, both adsorption and the subsequent steps in hemolysis. The starvation of the rickettsiae for glutamate also prevented adsorption. Fluoride had no demonstrable effect on rickettsial metabolism nor the adsorption step but inhibited glycolysis in the erythrocytes and the hemolysis of the erythrocytes by rickettsiae.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Enhances Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Collagen Synthesis in Osteoblast-Enriched Cultures from Fetal Rat Parietal Bone

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or closely related proteins are found in bone matrix and are produced by cultured osteosarcoma cells. In serum-deprived osteoblast-enriched (ob) cultures from fetal rat bone, recombinant human PDGF (composed of a B chain homodimer) at 0.1-3 nM enhanced the rate of DNA synthesis by 2- to 8-fold within 24 h of treatment, and 0.3-3 nM PDGF increased cell number by 1.3- to 1.6-fold. Unlike results with rat kidney fibroblast cultures, the mitogenic effect of PDGF in ob cultures was not synergistic with that of insulin-like growth factor I. PDGF at 0.3-10 nM also enhanced the rates of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in ob cultures by 1.5- to 4.0-fold, and these increases were blocked when DNA synthesis was prevented. The stimulatory effects of PDGF did not appear specific to ob cultures from fetal rat bone, since similar increases were found in bone cell cultures containing fibroblasts and osteoblast precursors. PDGF binding at 4 C to ob cultures indicated a single class of receptors with a Kd of 0.16 nM and approximately 60,000 sites/cell. Polyacrylamide gel of 125I-PDGF bound and cross-linked to ob cultures revealed a single radioactive band at approximately 180,000-190,000 mol wt. The present studies, therefore, indicate that PDGF can directly increase replication and matrix protein synthesis by both differentiated and undifferentiated bone cells, and that bone- or platelet-derived PDGF may have an important anabolic role in bone remodeling or fracture repair.