cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoration of neuromuscular specificity following ventral rhizotomy in the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana

The specificity of hindlimb reinnervation following transection of lumbar ventral roots was investigated in adult and larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Five to 6 weeks following ventral rhizotomy, the retrogradely transported marker horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to circumscribed regions of the hindlimb. The location of labeled motoneuron somata within the lumbar lateral motor column was compared with that obtained in unoperated tadpoles. Reinnervation of the hindlimb was largely specific in tadpoles operated during the first third of larval life. However, localization was largely lost in older tadpoles and adult frogs. Repeated applications of 3H-thymidine combined with retrograde labeling with HRP failed to provide evidence that newly born motoneurons contribute to reinnervation of the hindlimb. Hindlimb reinnervation thus appears to result from regeneration of transected motor axons. In contrast to the lack of neuromuscular specificity seen in older animals after transection of ventral roots, moteneuron axons disconnected from their targets by crush injury regenerate to the appropriate limb regions.
Hybrid designs generating maximum-length sequences

Two hybrid schemes for the design of maximum-length sequence generators (MLSGs) are presented. Compared to an n-stage maximum-length LFSR (for generating 2/sup n/-1 nonzero distinct states) that uses m exclusive-or (XOR) gates, this hybrid MLSG will use exactly (m+1)/2 XOR gates if its characteristic polynomial meets certain requirements. For applications such as exhaustive testing, this hybrid MLSG is then reconfigured to include the all-zero state. It is shown that the reconfiguration is very simple and the hardware overhead is low. >
Rank Ordering Engineering Designs: Pairwise Comparison Charts and Borda Counts

Designers routinely rank alternatives in a variety of settings using a staple of comparison, the pairwise comparison. In recent years questions have been raised about the use of such comparisons as a means of calculating and aggregating meaningful preference or choice data. Results on voting have been used to argue that the positional procedure known as the Borda count is the best pairwise voting procedure, or at least the only one that is not subject to a number of demonstrable problems. We show here that pairwise comparison charts (PCC) provide results that are identical to those obtained by the Borda count, and that the PCC is thus not subject to the arguments used against non-Borda count methods. Arrow's impossibility theorem has also been invoked to cast doubt upon any pairwise procedure, including the Borda count. We discuss the relevance of the Arrow property that is lost in the Borda count, the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA). While the theoretical consequences of IIA are devastating, it is not clear that the same is true of its practical consequences. Examples are presented to illustrate some primary objections to pairwise methods.
Distributed advance reservation of real-time connections

The ability to reserve real-time connections in advance is essential in all distributed multiparty applications(i.e., applications involving multiple human beings) usinga network that controls admissions to provide good quality of service. This paper discusses the requirements of theclients of an advance reservation service, and a distributeddesign for such a service. The design is described withinthe context of the Tenet Real-Time Protocol Suite 2, a suitebeing developed for multiparty communication, which willoffer advance reservation capabilities to its clients, based onthe principles and the mechanisms proposed in the paper.Simulation results providing useful data about the performance and some of the properties of these mechanisms arealso presented. We conclude that the one described here is aviable approach to constructing an advance reservation service within the context of the Tenet Suites as well as thatof other solutions to the multiparty real-time communicationproblem.
Re-examining IT Enabled Change with a New Model of the Information Field: The Tiger Creek Case

This paper demonstrates the application of a new model of the information field (I-model) (Zhang & Benjamin 2006) to deconstructing case studies in the information field so that they can be easily analyzed, understood and compared. The expense tracking system at Tiger Creek case (Zuboff & Bronsema 1984) is selected owing to it beings historically important in illustrating various issues brought by informated change (Zuboff 1989), and changes in the traditional command and control process (Benjamin & Levinson 1993). Our re-examination of the case using the I-model highlights the dynamics and complex issues resulted when access to information modifies the power relationships in organizations that seem ever present in IT implementations. It also sheds new insight on research in IT-enabled change. We conclude that the I-model can provide a framework for analyzing other cases in the information field
"Learning to Fasten the Seat of My Union Suit without Looking Around": The Synchrony of Literacy Development.

In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee, 1960), Scout likens learning to read to learning to "fasten the seat of my union suit without looking around." In both cases, new movements are acquired slowly and deliberately until, with practice, the movements become automatic. Particular qualities emerge with proficiency; both the planning and execution happen easily, and usually without conscious reflection. This article is about the development of reading fluency and
Assessing psychological contracts: Issues, alternatives and measures.

This article addresses the state-of-the-art of assessment methodologies in the study of psychological contracts. Three types of assessment have been employed in research using a psychological contracts framework. Content measures focus upon the terms of the psychological contract individuals are party to. Feature measures assess the attributes of the psychological contract itself including explicit/implicit and static/dynamic, and at present are a relatively undeveloped form of assessment contract. Evaluation measures are the comparative judgements individuals make in the context of their psychological contract, including the degree to which it has been fulfilled or violated. Implications for future research are described, along with the advantages of both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of rapid thermal annealing on the electrical characteristics of InP MOS structures with a double oxide layer

The electrical properties of double oxide layer InP MOS structures are analyzed. The first oxide layer (next to InP) is anodized and the second oxide layer is RF magnetron sputtered SiO2. The quality of as-deposited oxide structures is not good. However, it is improved after rapid thermal annealing. The resistivity and breakdown electric field increase. The current conduction process and InP surface potential change after annealing. The oxide fixed charge density also decreases after annealing. Sputter created defects and partial removal of defects after annealing and changes in their distribution are used to explain the observations.
Environmental and ecological determinants of West Nile virus occurrence in horses in North Dakota, 2002

West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak in North Dakota in 2002 included over 569 horse cases, clustered mainly in the eastern and northeastern parts of the state. The pattern of occurrence observed suggested existence of specific environmental and ecological factors that increased the risk for infection and illness in those locations. We developed a predictive model with factors that explained the pattern of WNV occurrence observed. Results indicated that surface elevation, temperature, precipitation, reported WNV-positive birds, reported WNV-positive humans, and reported WNV-positive mosquitoes were important predictors of occurrence in horses. However, case distance from water bodies was not significant in the model. Future predictive models of WNV occurrence in horses should take into account these factors in order to improve accuracy and reliability. Research into other potential determinants such as horse management factors are required to determine more differential risk factors associated with WNV occurrence in horses.
Measuring linear and quadratic contributions to neuronal response.

We present a method to dissociate the sign-dependent (linear or odd-order) response from the sign-independent (quadratic or even-order) response of a neuron to sequences of random orthonormal stimulus elements. The method is based on a modification of the classical linear–nonlinear model of neural response. The analysis produces estimates of the stimulus features to which th en euron responds in a sign-dependent manner, the stimulus features to which th en euron responds in a sign-independent manner and the relative weight of th es ign-independent response. We propose that this method could be used to characterize simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex. Ah i ghly idealized model of neuronal response to a stimulus is the linear–nonlinear model. In this model, spiking probability is a linear function of the stimulus, composed with a sigmoidal nonlinearity to ensure nonnegative probabilities. The linear–nonlinear neuron behaves essentially like a linear system. It has virtually opposite responses to stimuli with opposite signs. Its response to a sum of stimuli can be largely predicted by its response to each stimulus individually. Clearly most neurons, even in primary sensory regions, are not well represented by a linear–nonlinear model. In the primary visual cortex, for example, only simple cells respond similarly to a linear–nonlinear model. Complex cell response is more fundamentally nonlinear and cannot be captured by a linear–nonlinear model. One feature of complex cells is their indifference to the contrast sign of the visual stimulus. Fo re xample, an idealized complex cell responds similarly to a black or a white bar on a grey background. We extend the linear–nonlinear framework to capture this sign-independent response. We allow the neuron’s response to be a linear function not only of the stimulus values
Divergent evolution of arrested development in the dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans and the infective stage of Heterodera glycines.

Background: The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines is the most important parasite in soybean production worldwide. A comprehensive analysis of large-scale gene expression changes throughout the development of plant-parasitic nematodes has been lacking to date. Results: We report an extensive genomic analysis of H. glycines, beginning with the generation of 20,100 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). In-depth analysis of these ESTs plus approximately 1,900 previously published sequences predicted 6,860 unique H. glycines genes and allowed a classification by function using InterProScan. Expression profiling of all 6,860 genes throughout the H. glycines life cycle was undertaken using the Affymetrix Soybean Genome Array GeneChip. Our data sets and results represent a comprehensive resource for molecular studies of H. glycines. Demonstrating the power of this resource, we were able to address whether arrested development in the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva and the H. glycines infective second-stage juvenile (J2) exhibits shared gene expression profiles. We determined that the gene expression profiles associated with the C. elegans dauer pathway are not uniformly conserved in H. glycines and that the expression profiles of genes for metabolic enzymes of C. elegans dauer larvae and H. glycines infective J2 are dissimilar. Conclusion: Our results indicate that hallmark gene expression patterns and metabolism features are not shared in the developmentally arrested life stages of C. elegans and H. glycines, suggesting that developmental arrest in these two nematode species has undergone more divergent evolution than previously thought and pointing to the need for detailed genomic analyses of individual parasite species.
Validity of Concepts for Selected Nursing Diagnoses

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which defining characteristics found in selected patients cluster to form a nursing diagnostic response/label or define a concept, and to determine the construct validity of the defining characteristics for Self-Care Deficit Impaired Mobility, and Pain. The sample included 309 medical-surgical patients who were found to have the diagnostic responses of interest. he signs and symptoms of the 309 patients were submitted to cluster analysis. Scores on the clusters were examined for their ability to differentiate between two known groups of patients: those identified by clinical nurse specialists (CNS) as having, or not having, selected diagnostic responses/labels. The cluster score Self-Care Deficit differentiated between patients with and without the CNS-diagnostic response of Self-Care Deficit and Pain. Patients with CNS-diagnosis of Self-Care Deficit and Impaired Mobility scored high in the Impaired Mobility Cluster score. Limitations of the study, ...
Our Creative Role as Teachers of the Language Arts

Author's Summary— A discussion of the language arts as they should be presented in American schools, in their relationship to America's road to culture.)
Laparoscopic management of intentional and unintentional cystotomy.

AbstractPurpose: We assessed the laparoscopic closure of intentional or unintentional bladder lacerations during operative laparoscopy.Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of operative reports revealed 19 women who required bladder repair. The defect was repaired laparoscopically in 1 layer using interrupted absorbable polyglycolic suture (17 patients) or polydioxanone suture (2) and followed by 7 to 14 days of transurethral drainage.Results: Complications were limited to 1 vesicovaginal fistula that required reoperation. After 6 to 48 months of followup all patients were well with a good outcome.Conclusions: In select cases the bladder can be repaired safely and effectively during operative laparoscopy by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon.
Parallel expression in the APL2 language

This paper reports on an investigation of parallel expression and execution in the current APL2 language. The study covers a historical, theoretical, and empirical viewpoint. The parallel nature of APL is traced from its foundations in the Iverson notation to current problems in executing APL on parallel hardware. The paper discusses features of the APL language and its current implementations that limit taking advantage of parallel expressions. A survey of related topics from the work on APL compilers is also included. Each APL2 language construct is examined for potential parallel expression. The operations are grouped based on the possible parallelism exhibited by each operation, and the possible implementation of each group is discussed. Three APL2 applications are explored to determine the actual parallelism expressed in “real” APL2 code. These applications are chosen from distinct areas: graphics, database systems, and user interactive systems. The actual data passed as arguments to every operation are dynamically examined, and the information is collected for analysis. The data are summarized and results of the study are discussed.
Memorial politics: challenging the dominant party's narrative in Namibia

Greater international attention to human rights, particularly genocide, has offered activists opportunities to draw on transnational networks and norms. Many examples have been documented of the varying successes of domestic movement organisations employing international support. Much less attention has been paid to cases lacking significant organisations, but small groups and even individuals can draw attention to their demands if they effectively engage transnational interest. Genocide offers a particularly potent means of generating attention. Namibia is engaged in domestic debates over crimes committed by German forces over a century ago. In a country with no large opposition party and no significant social movement mobilisation, a number of relatively small groups of activists are indirectly challenging the power of the dominant party by correcting its one-sided narrative of the country's anti-colonial heroes. German efforts to respond to crimes committed in the past offer further opportunities for activists to draw attention to heroes and histories beyond those celebrated by the dominant party.
Comparison of broiler performance and carcass yields when fed diets containing transgenic maize grains from event DP-O9814O-6 (Optimum GAT), near-isogenic control maize grain, or commercial reference maize grains

A genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) line that contains the Optimum GAT trait (event DP-O9814O-6; 98140) was produced by integration of the gat4621 and zm-hra genes. The expressed GAT4621 and ZM-HRA proteins confer tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate and acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional performance of 98140 maize grain to nontransgenic maize grain in a 42-d feeding trial in broiler chickens. Diets were prepared using grain from untreated 98140 plants and from plants treated with an in-field application of herbicides (98140 + Spray). For comparison, additional diets were produced with maize grain obtained from the nontransgenic near-isogenic control (control) and nontransgenic commercial reference Pioneer brand hybrids 33J56, 33P66, and 33R77. Diets were fed to Ross x Cobb broilers (n = 120/group, 50% male and 50% female) in 3 phases: starter, grower, and finisher containing 58.5, 64, and 71.5% maize grain, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in mortality, growth performance variables, or carcass and organ yields between broilers consuming diets produced with maize grains from unsprayed or sprayed 98140 and those consuming diets produced with near-isogenic control maize grain. Additionally, all performance and carcass variables from control, 98140, and 98140 + Spray test maize treatment groups were within tolerance intervals constructed using data from reference maize groups. Based on these results, it was concluded that 98140 maize grain (unsprayed or sprayed with a herbicide mixture) was nutritionally equivalent to nontransgenic control maize with comparable genetic background.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques for Cancers of the Small Intestine

The rarity of small intestinal malignancies and the advanced nature at presentation have traditionally limited the use of laparoscopic operations in dealing with cancers of the small intestine. However, in the recent past, with advanced experience and improved technology, laparoscopic surgery for these disorders is gaining popularity in mainstream practice. This chapter provides an insight into the disease processes, diagnosis, and treatment of small intestinal neoplasms, while giving a step-by-step description on performing these complex procedures using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
The Use of Plasma Creatinine Concentration for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

The formula GFR = kL/Pcr can be used to estimate GFR in infants, children, and adolescents who have grossly normal body habitus and are in steady-state condition. GFR is expressed in ml/min per 1. 73m 2 BSA, L represents body length in cm, Per represents plasma creatinine concentration in mg per dl and k is a constant of proportionality that reflects the relationship between urinary creatinine excretion and units of body size. The value of k varies as a function of age and sex being 0.33 in preterm infants, 0.45 in full-term infants, 0.55 in children and adolescent girls, and 0.70 in adolescent boys. The advantages of rapid determination, reasonable accuracy, and the avoidance of urine collection justify the use of this formula in pediatric patients.
Nifty assignments

The Nifty Assignments special session is about promoting and sharing the ideas and ready-to-use materials of successful assignments. Each presenter will introduce their assignment, give a quick demo, and describe its niche in the curriculum and its strengths and weaknesses. The presentations (and the descriptions below) merely introduce the assignment. A key part of Nifty Assignments is the mundane but vital role of distributing the materials - handouts, data files, starter code, rubrics, autograders - that make each assignment ready to adopt. Each assignment presented has complete materials freely available on the Nifty Assignments home page nifty.stanford.edu. If you have an assignment that works well and would be of interest to the CSE community, please consider applying to present at Nifty Assignments.
In what circumstances will a neonatologist decide a patient is not a resuscitation candidate

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions of practising neonatologists regarding the ethical permissibility of unilateral Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) decisions in the neonatal intensive care unit. Study design An anonymous survey regarding the permissibility of unilateral DNAR orders for three clinical vignettes was sent to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Perinatal Medicine. Results There were 490 out of a possible 3000 respondents (16%). A majority (76%) responded that a unilateral DNAR decision would be permissible in cases for which survival was felt to be impossible. A minority (25%) responded ‘yes’ when asked if a unilateral DNAR order would be permissible based solely on neurological prognosis. Conclusions A majority of neonatologists believed unilateral DNAR decisions are ethically permissible if survival is felt to be impossible, but not permissible based solely on poor neurological prognosis. This has significant implications for clinical care.
Maximum Feasible Participation? A Pittsburgh Encounter

■ This paper describes an attempt by Pittsburgh's Community Action Program agency to put the idea of citizen power into operation through confederating the city's eight neighborhood citizens' councils and providing them with professional leadership. An encounter between this new confederation and the Pittsburgh Board of Public education over two programs provides many lessons regarding the constraints to and dilemmas of citizen participation under the sponsorship of a community action agency. What came out of the experience was that although the citizens' group did exert some influence on the board's decisions, it was primarily on nonbasic issues on which the two groups' interests did not clash. ■
Cleavage of N-H bonds by active oxygen on Ag(110): I. Ammonia

Ammonia adsorbs without dissociation on clean Ag(110) with a binding energy of 11 kcal/mol. Coadsorption of ammonia and atomic oxygen at 105 K produces adsorbed hydroxyl groups and NHx species. Coadsorption of ammonia and molecular oxygen leads to the stabilization of molecular oxygen, as is shown by the increase in the desorption peak temperature of dioxygen from 180 to 210 K. The reaction of ammonia with both forms of adsorbed oxygen produces the same products at the same temperatures. Water desorbs in a series of peaks at 310, 340, and 400 K resulting from hydroxyl recombination and hydrogen transfer from NHx species to adsorbed oxygen atoms. NO and N2 desorb together at 530 K. Oxygen recombination at 590 K only occurs following small ammonia doses such that excess oxygen persists on the surface. No hydrogen was seen to desorb under any reaction conditions. Vibrational spectroscopy shows that NH groups persist on the surface at temperatures well into the water desorption peak at 310 K and possibly to significantly higher temperatures, indicative of the difficulty of N-H bond cleavage by metallic silver.
Hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers.

The synthesis of a library containing 12 conical dendrons that self-assemble into hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers is reported. The design principles for this library were accessed by development of a method that allows the identification of hollow spheres, followed by structural and retrostructural analysis of their Pm3n cubic lattice. The first hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer was made by replacing the tapered dendron, from the previously reported tapered dendritic dipeptide that self-assembled into helical pores, with its constitutional isomeric conical dendron. This strategy generated a conical dendritic dipeptide that self-assembled into a hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer that self-organizes in a Pm3n cubic lattice. Other examples of hollow spheres were assembled from conical dendrons without a dipeptide at their apex. These are conical dendrons originated from tapered dendrons containing additional benzyl ether groups at their apex. The inner part of the hollow sphere a...
Immunoelectrophoresis of egg and plasma proteins during development of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus.

Differentiation of plasma proteins in avian embryology has been analysed by electrophoresis (Brandt, Clegg & Andrews, 1951; Schechtman, 1952; Heim & Schechtman, 1954; Weller & Schechtman, 1962). Information has been obtained on affinities between plasma and egg proteins by electrophoretic studies (Wise, Ketterer & Hansen, 1964) and by immunochemical studies (Kaminski & Durieux, 1956; Williams, 1962 a ; Stratil, 1967; Zaccheo & Grossi, 1967). There is a certain orderliness in the appearance of proteins. Embryo specific proteins, distinct from adult proteins, occur in the developing chicken. These are considered unique on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and by virtue of their transitory nature. Examples include some alpha globulins and gamma globulin found initially by 5–12 days (Kaminski & Durieux, 1956; Weller & Schechtman, 1962), and pre-albumin, present by 8–11 days of incubation (Heim & Schechtman, 1954; Kaminski & Durieux, 1956; Weller & Schechtman, 1962; Wise et al. 1964).
Urinary neurotrophic peptides in postmenopausal women with and without overactive bladder

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the expression of urinary nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), substance P (SP), and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) in women with and without overactive bladder (OAB). We sought to determine factors associated with higher expression of these neuropeptides. Methods Participants with OAB and age-matched controls were enrolled. Symptom severity was assessed with validated questionnaires. Urinary neurotrophin levels, symptom scores, and clinical data were compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis determined independent factors associated with urinary neurotrophin levels. Results Sixty-seven women (38 OAB, 29 controls) were included. Women with OAB and controls were similar in age, race, body mass index, parity, and smoking status. Women with OAB were more likely to report a history of pelvic pain and pelvic surgery. Neurotrophic factor levels normalized to urinary creatinine did not differ between the groups. Increasing age was associated with greater urinary levels of BDNF and NGF (β = 0.23, 95%CI 0.11–0.34 and 0.75, 95%CI 0.17–1.33, respectively, P < 0.02). Higher urinary NGF was associated with increasing BMI (β = 0.81, 95%CI 0.05–1.57, P = 0.04) while pain was associated with elevated urinary SP (β = 0.21, 95%CI 0.09–0.33, P = 0.001). Conclusions Our data does not support a relationship between urinary neurotrophin levels and OAB in age-matched postmenopausal women. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of urinary neurotrophins in the diagnosis and management of OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tech Mirages, the Worship of Innovation, the Open Office and Creative Destruction: The End of Value

Claims that an open office plan is the most efficient and can promote the greatest amount of innovation and creativity over all other designs of workspaces have become common place. An examination of the basis of this claim finds little objective or empirical evidence to support it. Most innovations and inventions over the past 2000 years have been reported by single individuals working alone. The modern laboratory is often seen as the evolution of the medieval artist/alchemist’s workshop as is the modern factory. The link here is spurious as the modernity of the workplace replaces the innovator’s presence with the supervisor or overseer. It is the new Panopticon.
Pitfalls in the surgical pathologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract While the surgical pathology examination of the thyroid gland for papillary carcinoma may seem, on its surface, to be relatively straightforward, in reality it is fraught with diagnostic traps. Avoidance of these pitfalls is necessary for guiding the surgeon and endocrinologist to the appropriate treatment and follow up. This review will detail a selected group of some of the more commonly encountered challenges in making the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma from a busy head and neck pathology consultation practice.
EFFECTS OF EWE BREED AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON EFFICIENCY OF LAMB PRODUCTION. II, LAMB GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

Lamb growth, survival and carcass characteristics were compared for progeny of either 1/2-Suffolk, 1/2-Rambouillet (Western) ewes or 1/2-Suffolk, 1/4-Rambouillet, 1/4-Finnsheep (1/4-Finn) ewes produced over 3 yr in three different management systems. System 1 lambs were born in late fall and fed to slaughter on a concentrate diet. System 2 lambs were born in January and February and grazed pure stands of alfalfa or ladino clover after weaning. System 3 lambs were born in March and April and remained with their dams on native bluegrass-white clover pasture throughout the grazing season. Lambs were slaughtered as males reached 55 kg and as females reached 50 kg. One-half of the males in System 1 were left intact; all males in Systems 2 and 3 were castrated. Lamb survival did not differ among systems. Lambs from yearling 1/4-Finn ewes had higher survival rates than lambs from yearling Western ewes, but at older ewe ages, progeny of the ewe groups did not differ in survival. Lambs in System 1 grew fastest (mean lifetime gains of 310 +/- 4 g/d) and were youngest at slaughter (156 +/- 3 d), and lambs in System 3 were oldest at slaughter (234 +/- 2 d). System 2 lambs differed considerably among years in growth rate and slaughter age (mean slaughter ages of 191, 230 and 193 d across years), primarily in response to differences in rainfall. Lifetime gains and slaughter ages of lambs did not differ between ewe breeds. Ram lambs grew 15% faster than wethers and were leaner. Differences among systems in carcass traits were small. System 1 lambs tended to be fattest and System 2 lambs leanest. Progeny of 1/4-Finn ewes had higher subjective scores for carcass fatness (e.g., feathering, flank fatness) and conformation but did not differ from progeny of Western ewes in objective measures of fatness (e.g., backfat, yield grade).
Developing a secure grid computing environment shell engine: containers and services

We describe the design and features of our Grid Computing Environments Shell system, or GCEShell. We view computing Grids as providing essentially a globally scalable distributed operating system that exposes low level programming APIs. From these system-level commands we may build a higher level library of more user-friendly shell commands, which are in turn be programmed through scripts. The GCEShell consists of a shell engine that serves as a container environment for managing GCEShell commands, which are client implementations for remote Web Service/Open Grid Service Architecture services that resemble common UNIX shell operations.
Strategies of redemption at the Vietnam veterans’ memorial

The Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial in Washington, D.C. creates a unique opportunity for the critic to investigate the cycle of guilt and redemption set in motion by the Vietnam War. The Memorial serves as a call to eloquence, prompting many visitors to leave messages. The form of the message is determined by the individual's choice of redemptive ritual. The interplay of authors’ goals and strategies is reflected in messages which pursue redemption through either scapegoating or mortification.
The impact of supervised homework sessions and SAT-Math scores on academic performance in an advanced undergraduate course

Ancillary learning opportunities outside the classroom take different forms such as peer-led team learning (PLTL) and supplemental instruction (SI). To gain the benefits of ancillary sessions with less overhead than PLTL and SI, we facilitated optional weekly supervised homework sessions for AAE 35200, an aerospace structural mechanics course for third year engineering students at Purdue University. In these sessions, a graduate teaching assistant used the assigned homework problems to demonstrate key concepts on structural mechanics. In order to understand the attributes of the participants, a survey was administered. Also, session attendance was recorded and compared against the exam and homework results. Based on the collected data during the Fall 2015 and Spring 2016 semesters, we have reached the following conclusions: a) attending the supervised homework sessions does not significantly affect the exam score, whereas the opposite is true for the homework scores and b) SAT-Math scores do not seem to have a strong influence on both the exam and homework scores.
The Human Microbiome

The human microbiome is the collection of microorganisms living in association with the human body. Culture-dependent techniques for isolating and characterizing microbes are highly biased and only capture a small fraction of the total diversity of these complex microbial communities. Culture-independent techniques, including 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and whole-metagenomic shotgun sequencing, have illuminated the microbiome’s vast diversity, functional relevance, and potential to cause disease. Here, we discuss the different approaches for studying the microbiome, highlight key findings of the microbiome in health and disease at different body sites (gastrointestinal tract, skin, oral cavity, urogenital tract, and lung), and identify future challenges and exciting opportunities for microbiome research.
Interplay of creativity and giftedness in science, edited by Melissa K. Demetrikopoulos and John L. Pecore

As educators, it is our mission to prepare youth to become capable, scientifically literate citizens in an ever-changing, technologically advanced world (Katehi, Pearson, & Feder, 2009; Kelly, 2010...
An evaluation of increasing sample size based on conditional power

We evaluate properties of sample size re-estimation (SSR) designs similar to the promising zone design considered by Mehta and Pocock (2011). We evaluate these designs under the assumption of a true effect size of 1.1 down to 0.4 of the protocol-specified effect size by six measures: 1. The probability of a sample size increase, 2. The mean proportional increase in sample size given an increase; 3 and 4. The mean true conditional power with and without a sample size increase; 5 and 6. The expected increase in sample size and power due to the SSR procedure. These measures show the probability of a sample size increase and the cost/benefit for given true effect sizes, particularly when the SSR may either be pursuing a small effect size of little clinical importance or be unnecessary when the true effect size is close to the protocol-specified effect size. The results show the clear superiority of conducting the SSR late in the study and the inefficiency of a mid-study SSR. The results indicate that waiting until late in the study for the SSR yields a smaller, better targeted set of studies with a greater increase in overall power than a mid-study SSR.
PKC-dependent regulation of Kv7.5 channels by the bronchoconstrictor histamine in human airway smooth muscle cells.

Kv7 potassium channels have recently been found to be expressed and functionally important for relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Previous research suggests that native Kv7 currents are inhibited ...
Location of the Substrate Binding Site of the Cytochrome bo3 Ubiquinol Oxidase from Escherichia coli.

Cytochrome bo3 is a respiratory proton-pumping oxygen reductase that is a member of the heme-copper superfamily that utilizes ubiquinol-8 (Q8H2) as a substrate. The current consensus model has Q8H2 oxidized at a low affinity site (QL), passing electrons to a tightly bound quinone cofactor at a high affinity site (QH site) that stabilizes the one-electron reduced ubisemiquinone, facilitating the transfer of electrons to the redox active metal centers where O2 is reduced to water. The current work shows that the Q8 bound to the QH site is more dynamic than previously thought. In addition, mutations of residues at the QH site that do not abolish activity have been re-examined and shown to have properties expected of mutations at the substrate binding site (QL): an increase in the KM of the substrate ubiquinol-1 (up to 4-fold) and an increase in the apparent Ki of the inhibitor HQNO (up to 8-fold). The data suggest that there is only one binding site for ubiquinol in cyt bo3 and that site corresponds to the Q...
Development of Useful Quadrature Software, with Particular Emphasis on Microcomputers

The purpose of this paper is to address several issues which are associated with the development of software for quadrature. The emphasis here is on the delivery of service to users rather than on the development of new mathematics, methods or algorithms. Of these latter items, the need (intellectual and practical) has been amply demonstrated at this meeting. But one of my tasks is to help users solve problems and their needs are often very different from those of us who create the programs that they use. Another task, less pleasant, is to organize, catalog, and generally manage the software which scientists ultimately access. Both tasks merge in practice, questions and ideas emerge from each and should be fed back into the community of “producers”. Three main ideas will stand out: (1) the need for standardization (2) the need for better documentation and (3) the need for programs which capitalize on new computing technology.
Temperament and problem solving in a population of adolescent guide dogs

It is often assumed that measures of temperament within individuals are more correlated to one another than to measures of problem solving. However, the exact relationship between temperament and problem-solving tasks remains unclear because large-scale studies have typically focused on each independently. To explore this relationship, we tested 119 prospective adolescent guide dogs on a battery of 11 temperament and problem-solving tasks. We then summarized the data using both confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory principal components analysis. Results of confirmatory analysis revealed that a priori separation of tests as measuring either temperament or problem solving led to weak results, poor model fit, some construct validity, and no predictive validity. In contrast, results of exploratory analysis were best summarized by principal components that mixed temperament and problem-solving traits. These components had both construct and predictive validity (i.e., association with success in the guide dog training program). We conclude that there is complex interplay between tasks of “temperament” and “problem solving” and that the study of both together will be more informative than approaches that consider either in isolation.
Lumican, a Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan, and Its Biological Function in Tumor Progression

Lumican is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family that was originally discovered in the chick cornea and is found in many other tissues throughout the human body. The SLRP family includes decorin, lumican, biglycan, and fibromodulin and constitutes an abundant component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Lumican plays a significant role in the ECM as an organizer of collagen, although recent studies demonstrate that lumican also modulates numerous cellular functions including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The contribution of lumican to cancer progression has been noted in several cancers including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic; however, its precise biologic function is still being uncovered. In cancer, lumican appears to play a context-specific role, where high levels of lumican are associated with a poor prognosis in some cancers and a better prognosis in others. This chapter focuses on the function of lumican in cell biology and the ECM of solid tumors and is aimed at providing insights into molecular mechanisms surrounding lumican and tumor biology.
Reaction—Advection—Dispersion Equation

A problem of great importance in environmental science is to understand how chemical or biological contaminants are transported through subsurface aquifer systems. In this chapter we consider the transport of a chemical or biological tracer carried by water through a uniform, one-dimensional, saturated, porous medium, and we derive simple mathematical models based on mass balance that incorporate advection, dispersion, and adsorption. Thus, we extend the ideas in the Chapter 1, where we focused only on the diffusion process with no flow.
Fitting product placements: Affective fit and cognitive fit as determinants of consumer evaluations of placed brands

Abstract Due to increased clutter and consumers' active avoidance of traditional media, marketers have sought alternative means to effectively reach their audiences. One such technique is the use of media-based product placements in narrative. This strategy is often problematic, however, as extant research demonstrates that when consumers are aware of blatant placements, their attitudes toward the placed product may become less, rather than more, favorable. In a series of studies, we develop and test a theoretically-based Product Placement Fit model that recognizes the importance of congruency between consumers' narrative consumption goals and the manner in which products are placed. Results indicate that when product placements are congruent with both the narrative's story structure (cognitive fit) and the affective tones elicited by the narrative (affective fit), more favorable brand attitudes are produced. Further, narrative enjoyment resulting from a product placement mediates the impact of product placement fit on consumers' brand evaluations.
Abstract IA38: Viral cancers: The forgotten culprits in the African cancer problem

Infection is responsible for approximately one-fifth of cancer cases worldwide. Causes and rates of cancer vary dramatically throughout the world. While infection is often overlooked as a cancer cause in the United States and Europe, it is often the main driving force for cancer in other parts of the world. The first human cancer virus discovered, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was isolated from a Ugandan Burkitt lymphoma in 1964. Infectious cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, Kaposi9s sarcoma and gastric carcinoma represent the majority of cancer cases among men and women in some world regions, particularly in Africa. This lecture will focus on how new cancer viruses can be discovered, using Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus found in our lab as examples. The common characteristics--as well as the diverse nature--of viral cancers will be described. The extraordinary public health success of vaccines in preventing cancers of particular importance in Africa will be highlighted, and missed opportunities for low-cost, effective prevention and treatment of infectious cancers will be discussed. As with discovery of EBV, it is quite possible that the next cancer agent will be discovered in cancers unique to African countries but will have important implications to public health throughout the world. Citation Format: Patrick S. Moore. Viral cancers: The forgotten culprits in the African cancer problem [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA38.
AAPI Identity Work on Reddit: Toward Social Support and Collective Action

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are perceived as the "model minority" with a monolithic identity, in contrast to other marginalized racial groups in the United States. In reality, they are composed of different ethnicities, socio-economic backgrounds, and political ideologies. My research employs social network analysis with qualitative research methods to explore, interpret, and visualize large collections of social media data. I seek to understand how Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) construct and express their identity in online communities and my dissertation research uncovers the ways in which AAPIs negotiate collective action in the context of online identity work.
Post-Operative Refractive Correction and Contact Lens Fitting in the Aphakic Patient

Postoperative refractive correction of the aphakic infant can be accomplished using contact lens (CL) and/or glasses. The presence of monocular or binocular aphakia, the condition, or health of the...
How User Experience is Practiced: Two Case Studies from the Field

In this paper, we present two case studies describing how two organizations practiced User Experience (UX) in the summer of 2017; both were 'in-house' departments in consumer-facing companies in the Chicagoland area of Illinois. We conducted 16 interviews (involving 22 people) with leadership and practitioners, and observations (job-shadowing) with 14 of those we interviewed. Key takeaways included: (a) practitioners came from a variety of backgrounds resulting in multidisciplinary teams; (b) leadership desired UX employees that were generalists; and (c) inexpensive tools designed for UX were common for creating artifacts and facilitating communication resulting in a dynamic tool-scape. These findings have implications for instructors teaching in UX and students in UX programs; we also argue the findings will interest UX practitioners who are curious about sharing and learning from each other.