cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The decomposition of a triply-charged metastable positive ion of biphenyl

The transition, [C12H10]+3[C11H7]+2 + [CH3]+, has been detected both in the ion kinetic energy spectrum and in the mass spectrum of biphenyl. The width of a resulting ‘metastable peak’ has been measured by setting the magnetic field to accept [C11H7]+2 ions and scanning the high voltage at fixed electric sector voltage. The kinetic energy released in the decomposition, calculated from the peak width, amounted to 4.5 eV. With the assumption that this energy release is due entirely to charge separation, the charge distribution in [C12H10]+3 is discussed. The derivation of the equations used to calculate the energy released is given in the Appendix.
A CROSS-LINKED CONTROL SYSTEM. I. PROPERTIES OF A TRIPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT NICOTINIC ACID MONONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS.

Abstract A procedure for the partial purification (60-fold) of nicotinic acid mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase (nicotinic acid mononucleotide: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase) from Bacillus subtilis is described. Enzyme activity is shown to be dependent upon the presence of a nucleoside triphosphate, or tripolyphosphate. The evidence presented strongly suggests that the triphosphate is an activator of the enzyme-substrate complex, since adenosine 5'-diphosphate is produced during the reaction when adenosine 5'-triphosphate serves as the nucleoside triphosphate. In addition, the enzyme appears to possess an independent site which binds the triphosphate. The triphosphate may function by lowering the energy of activation of the enzyme-substrate complex and thereby increasing the rate of the reaction.
Rigid body dynamics, constraints, and inverses

Rigid body dynamics are traditionally formulated by Lagrangian or Newton-Euler methods. A particular state space form using Euler angles and angular velocities expressed in the body coordinate system is employed here to address constrained rigid body dynamics. We study gliding and rolling, and we develop inverse systems for estimation of internal and contact forces of constraint. A primitive approximation of biped locomotion serves as a motivation for this work. A class of constraints is formulated in this state space. Rolling and gliding are common in contact sports, in interaction of humans and robots with their environment where one surface makes contact with another surface, and at skeletal joints in living systems. This formulation of constraints is important for control purposes. The estimation of applied and constraint forces and torques at the joints of natural and robotic systems is a challenge. Direct and indirect measurement methods involving a combination of kinematic data and computation are discussed. The basic methodology is developed for one single rigid body for simplicity, brevity, and precision. Computer simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approaches presented. The methodology can be applied to a multilink model of bipedal systems where natural and/or artificial connectors and actuators are modeled. Estimation of the forces is accomplished by the inverse of the nonlinear plant designed by using a robust high gain feedback system. The inverse is shown to be stable, and bounds on the tracking error are developed. Lyapunov stability methods are used to establish global stability of the inverse system.
Temperature acclimation alters cardiac performance in the lobster Homarus americanus.

The American lobster is a poikilotherm that inhabits a marine environment where temperature varies over a 25°C range and depends on the winds, the tides and the seasons. To determine how cardiac performance depends on the water temperature to which the lobsters are acclimated we measured lobster heart rates in vivo. The upper limit for cardiac function in lobsters acclimated to 20°C is approximately 29°C, 5°C warmer than that measured in lobsters acclimated to 4°C. Warm acclimation also slows the lobster heart rate within the temperature range from 4 to 12°C. Both effects are apparent after relatively short periods of warm acclimation (3–14 days). However, warm acclimation impairs cardiac function at cold temperatures: following several hours exposure to frigid (<5°C) temperatures heart rates become slow and arrhythmic in warm acclimated, but not cold acclimated, lobsters. Thus, acclimation temperature determines the thermal limits for cardiac function at both extremes of the 25°C temperature range lobsters inhabit in the wild. These observations suggest that regulation of cardiac thermal tolerance by the prevailing environmental temperature protects against the possibility of cardiac failure due to thermal stress.
Solubility and Fractionation of Different Metals in Fly Ash of Powder River Basin Coal

Coal is one of the major sources of fuel for electricity production and will continue to be used for many more decades. Thus, it is important to study the effects of disposal of coal burning byproducts including fly ash into the environment. In this study, the solubility of cations and anions from the fly ash in water is discussed. Also, the fractionation of different metals from fly ash in water is studied to understand which fraction of the metals would likely be mobilized. The results from these studies suggested that the metals in the fly ash are bound mostly to carbonate, organic, and residual fractions. Also, when water solubility data are modeled with a geochemical model (Visual MINTEQ), the saturation index predictions suggested that brucite (Mg(OH)2) and calcite (CaCO3) could potentially precipitate and mineralize the atmospheric CO2. Such mineralization process could potentially reduce the leaching of toxic metals from fly ash. Results from this study will be helpful in understanding the fate of different metals from fly ash land disposal environments.
Characteristics of spacecraft charging in low Earth orbit

[1] It has been found that the DMSP spacecraft at 840 km can charge to very large negative voltages (up to −2000 V) when encountering intense precipitating electron events (auroral arcs). We present an 11-year study of over 1600 charging events, defined as when the spacecraft charged to levels exceeding 100 V negative during an auroral crossing. The occurrence frequency of events was highly correlated with the 11-year solar cycle with the largest number of events occurring during solar minimum. This was due to the requirement that the background thermal plasma density be low, at most 104 cm−3. During solar maximum, the plasma density is typically well above that level due to the solar EUV ionizing radiation, and although the occurrence frequency of auroral arcs is considerably greater than at solar minimum, the occurrence of high-level charging is minimal. As a result of this study, we produced a model spectrum for precipitating electrons that can be used as a specification for the low-altitude auroral charging environment. There are implications from this study on a number of LEO satellite programs, including the International Space Station, which does enter the auroral zone, particularly during geomagnetic activity when the auroral boundary can penetrate to very low latitudes. The plasma density in the ISS orbit is usually well above the minimum required density for charging. However, in the wake of the ISS, the plasma density can be 2 orders of magnitude or more lower than the background density and thus conditions are ripe for charging.
Naturally Occurring Acute Coliform Mastitis in Holstein Cattle

Physical examination and clinicopathologic findings from 44 adult Holstein cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis were studied. The cattle were grouped for comparison by stage of lactation and survival. Cattle within the first 4 weeks of lactation maintained higher median mature neutrophil counts (1,200 versus 300/microL) in peripheral blood than cattle later in lactation. Nonsurviving cows had higher median creatinine concentration (2.5 versus 1.6 mg/dL) and anion gap (25 versus 20 mEq/L), and lower serum protein (7.1 versus 7.6 gm/dL) and total CO2 (19.8 versus 25 mEq/L) concentrations than surviving cows (P .05). The high prevalence of bacteremia seen in cows with coliform mastitis has not been reported previously, and may have been due to the duration of disease, severity of signs, or culture technique. These findings suggest that systemic antibiotic therapy may be beneficial in some severe cases of coliform mastitis.
Dynamics of Transversal Hot Zones in a Shallow Packed Bed Reactor during Oxidation of Mixtures of C3H6 and CO

The evolution and motions of transversal hot zones on the top of a shallow packed bed reactor, in which the atmospheric oxidation of either propylene or its mixture with CO took place, were studied using infrared thermography. The hot regions were separated by a sharp temperature front from the adjacent colder region (ΔT ∼ 50 °C). The period of the oscillations of mixtures of propylene and carbon monoxide was about 20 times shorter than those of CO and about 2 times shorter than those of propylene. This indicates that the frequency of the hot zone motions is affected mainly by the kinetics of the catalytic reaction and the strength of adsorption of the organic reactants and not by the properties of the bed and/or the flow through it. The mixture of the two reactants led to the formation of a moving hot spot over a much wider range than that of either reaction, and under operating conditions for which neither one of the two reactions led to formation of hot regions. The experiments seem to confirm the prediction by Viswanathan and Luss (Viswanathan, G. A.; Luss, D. AIChE. J. 2006, 52, 705-717), that transversal hot zones are likely to form in a shallow packed bed reactor for reactions whose rates may exhibit oscillatory behavior.
The effectiveness of low-vision rehabilitation in 2 cohorts derived from the veterans affairs Low-Vision Intervention Trial.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of low-vision rehabilitation in 2 cohorts derived from the Veterans Affairs Low-Vision Intervention Trial. Methods In a prospective study, we observed 44 participants randomly assigned to outpatient low-vision rehabilitation who did not receive additional treatment after the trial ended at 4-month follow-up and 56 participants randomly assigned to the waiting-list control group and thereafter to standard therapy. The outcome measures included visual ability domains (reading, mobility, visual information processing, and visual motor skills) and overall visual ability estimated from difficulty ratings using the 48-item Veterans Affairs Low-Vision Visual Functioning Questionnaire. Mean visual ability scores for the treatment and control groups were compared at baseline, 4 months, and 1 year. A mixed-effects model was used to test treatment effects between groups over time. Differences in visual ability mean scores from baseline to 1 year were compared between the 2 groups. Within-group changes in visual ability were compared from baseline to 1 year, from baseline to 4 months, and from 4 months to 1 year. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences in mean visual ability scores between groups. From baseline to 4 months, the treatment effects for all visual ability domains and overall visual ability increased to a maximum in the treatment group (P Conclusions Visual ability improved significantly in both groups from baseline to 1 year. The Low-Vision Intervention Trial treatment effect is robust and well maintained for patients with macular diseases.
Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis in horseshoe kidney

Abstract A case is reported of renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney. The incidence, etiologic considerations, and operative approach are presented.
Small Sample Whole-Genome Amplification

Many challenges arise when trying to amplify and analyze human samples collected in the field due to limitations in sample quantity, and contamination of the starting material. Tests such as DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial typing require a certain sample size and are carried out in large volume reactions; in cases where insufficient sample is present whole genome amplification (WGA) can be used. WGA allows very small quantities of DNA to be amplified in a way that enables subsequent DNA-based tests to be performed. A limiting step to WGA is sample preparation. To minimize the necessary sample size, we have developed two modifications of WGA: the first allows for an increase in amplified product from small, nanoscale, purified samples with the use of carrier DNA while the second is a single-step method for cleaning and amplifying samples all in one column. Conventional DNA cleanup involves binding the DNA to silica, washing away impurities, and then releasing the DNA for subsequent testing. We have eliminated losses associated with incomplete sample release, thereby decreasing the required amount of starting template for DNA testing. Both techniques address the limitations of sample size by providing ample copies of genomic samples. Carrier DNA, included in our WGA reactions, can be used when amplifying samples with the standard purification method, or can be used in conjunction with our single-step DNA purification technique to potentially further decrease the amount of starting sample necessary for future forensic DNA-based assays.
Laser Ignition of DAAF, DHT and DAATO3.5

CO2 laser ignition experimental results are reported for the high-nitrogen materials 3,6-dihydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DHT), 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and mixed N-oxides of 3,3′-azo-bis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) (DAATO3.5, where the “3.5” indicates the average oxide content) at a maximum irradiance level of approximately 140 W/cm2. Diagnostics include a photodiode, indium antimonide (InSb) IR detector, high speed (HS) video and a CO2 photodetector. “First light” is measured for DAATO3.5 and DAAF, however, due to the low visible light emission of the gas phase, thermal runaway, as measured by the InSb, is used as the ignition criterion for DHT. Ignition in the gas phase is captured by the high speed camera. It is observed that an increase in laser irradiance results in an increase in ignition and flame stand-off distance for DAATO3.5. The high-nitrogen material laser ignition results are compared to the common nitramine explosive, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Laser ignition delays for the different high-nitrogen materials are also compared in the context of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data. It is determined that DSC onset temperature, while a rough indicator of ignition delay trends, is not the equivalent of a direct measure of ignition temperature.
The coexistence of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in the DDT1 cloned cell line.

The hamster ductus deferens cloned tumor cell line (DDT1) has been shown to contain both androgen and glucocorticoid binding activity. The androgen receptor binding site concentration is 1.07 × 10−13 mol of testosterone/mg protein, and testosterone (T) binds with a Kd of 4.3× 10−10M. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is also bound to the receptor with a Kd of 2.99 × 10−10M and the binding site concentration is 1.33 × 10−13 mol/mg protein. The order of steroid binding affinity is DHT > T > Estradiol > Progesterone. Cortisol, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide do not inhibit the androgen binding in vivo or in vitro. In a cell free system antiandrogens inhibit the binding of DHT. The DDT1 cells have a separate receptor for cortisol which binds at saturation 3.44 × 10−13 mol cortisol/mg protein and has a Kd of 4.54 × 10−9M. These studies provide evidence that these endocrine target cells contain specific high affinity receptors for more than one type of steroid. The glucocorticoid receptor may be important fo...
Interactive effects of chronic deer browsing and canopy gap disturbance on forest successional dynamics

The interaction of browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and canopy gap disturbances may affect long-term tree composition and lead to significant changes in forest structure. We used an individual-based forest gap model (ZELIG) to better understand the aggregate and interactive impacts of these processes on the long-term (200 years) successional dynamics of a mesic deciduous forest. We parameterized ZELIG to: (1) simulate successional dynamics within a temperate deciduous secondary forest typical of eastern North America; (2) simulate browsing impacts by white-tailed deer; and (3) simulate gap-scale disturbance of variable size and frequency. Our estimates of browsing impacts by species were derived from a 20-year, four-hectare deer exclusion study. Model calibration matched observed tree species composition, density by size class, and total basal area (39.92 m2 ha−1 vs. 37.13 m2 ha−1). Simulated deer browsing had little impact on total basal area over two centuries. However, deer browsi...
An application of dichotomous and polytomous Rasch models for scoring energy insecurity

Abstract Household food security in the United States has been extensively researched and a number of indexes have been generated. However, household energy security has been largely ignored even though low-income households spend almost equal income shares on food and energy. This paper uses Rasch models and household responses to energy security questions in the 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey to generate an energy insecurity index that is consistent with those found in the food insecurity literature. The analysis yields several important findings for the generation of policy relevant household energy insecurity indexes. Questions that indicate reduction of basic expenditures, such as food, clothing, and shelter, are easiest for households to affirm implying low exposure to energy insecurity. Conversely, questions that concern households leaving the residence due to extreme temperatures consistently imply high exposure to energy insecurity. Households that score in the top decile of the energy insecurity index are more likely to be headed by single-females, be younger, and have a Black household head. Rasch models also identify flaws within survey. Particularly, the scope of the questions is quite broad and a refinement of the survey questions to focus on specific attributes of energy insecurity would likely improve future energy security indexes.
Phase-cohering holography for fiber tapped-delay lines

We propose, analyze, and demonstrate the use of a holographic method for cohering the output of a fiber tapped-delay-line (FTDL). We perform a theoretical examination of the phase-cohering process and show experimental results for an RF spectrum analyzer based on a phase-cohered FTDL that shows 50 MHz resolution and bandwidths in excess of 2 GHz. Phase-cohering holography can operate on thousands of fibers in parallel, enabling both fiber tapped-delay-lines and the coherent fiber remoting of optically-modulated RF signals from antenna arrays.
A Novel Skin Image Detection Method Based on GMM and GAs

This paper proposes a new skin image detection method. First, skin pixel histogram in RGB color space is analyzed. Then Gaussian Mixture Model is used to constructed distribution of skin pixels. Second, a Gaussian parameter combination and selection procedure is implemented with Genetic Algorithms, and the optimal Gaussian Mixture Model can be obtained. Experimental results on public database show that our proposed method outperforms the traditional method with ROC test.
d-Penicillamine-induced neuromuscular disease in guinea pigs

Abstract We found that chronic d -penicillamine administration in guinea pigs may induce a variety of electrophysiologic, histologic, and serologic changes that are reminiscent of features of both experimental allergic myositis and experimental allergic myasthenia gravis. These include (i) electromyographic decrement following repetitive stimulation that is reversible with edrophonium, and augmentation of twitch tension with edrophonium; (ii) nonspecific inflammatory and necrotic changes in muscle; and (iii) significant elevation of acetylcholine receptor antibody. The guinea-pig model raises several questions that must be answered before it can be regarded as a reliable model of d -penicillamine-induced neuromuscular disease in humans.
Mapping Synapses by Conjugate Light-Electron Array Tomography

Synapses of the mammalian CNS are diverse in size, structure, molecular composition, and function. Synapses in their myriad variations are fundamental to neural circuit development, homeostasis, plasticity, and memory storage. Unfortunately, quantitative analysis and mapping of the brain's heterogeneous synapse populations has been limited by the lack of adequate single-synapse measurement methods. Electron microscopy (EM) is the definitive means to recognize and measure individual synaptic contacts, but EM has only limited abilities to measure the molecular composition of synapses. This report describes conjugate array tomography (AT), a volumetric imaging method that integrates immunofluorescence and EM imaging modalities in voxel-conjugate fashion. We illustrate the use of conjugate AT to advance the proteometric measurement of EM-validated single-synapse analysis in a study of mouse cortex.
Extracardiac factors contributing to hypotension during coronary occlusion

Abstract 1. 1. The sudden occlusion of a major coronary artery in the dog or cat has been shown to produce a reflex decrease in sympathetic activity to the vascular bed of the hindlimb in the dog and to the heart in the cat. The peripheral vasodilatation occurred without the activation of the cholinergic vasodilator nerves. 2. 2. The data suggest that the receptors involved in this reflex are located in the ventricle. They may be ventricular stretch receptors responding to the abnormal stimulus of systolic expansion of the infarcted portion of myocardium and compensatory dilatation of the remainder of the heart, or they may be specific “ischemia receptors.” 3. 3. The afferent pathway for this reflex is the vagus nerves. The control mechanism is not dependent on the participation of cortical or hypothalamic centers since the reflex is present in decerebrate animals. 4. 4. The possible participation of this reflex in the hypotension that accompanies clinical myocardial infarction is discussed, and the hypothesis is advanced that the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction may involve not only a decrease in functional cardiac muscle mass but also a failure of certain neurocirculatory compensatory mechanisms.
Internal Conflict Management and Decision Making: A Qualitative Study of a Multitiered Grassroots Advocacy Organization

This study explores decision making and strategies for managing conflict with and among titled volunteers of affiliates in a nonprofit organization. This investigation describes priming, conflict climbing, problem parking, and insulation and addresses experiences with mediation. Through a systems theory approach, it describes the importance of detoxification and proposes capacity building as a revised goal inside of systems theory. This study also provides an example of how one organization's history and culture shapes the power politics at play and subsequent conflict management dynamics.
Optimal Inapproximability for Scheduling Problems via Structural Hardness for Hypergraph Vertex Cover

This work studies the inapproximability of two well-known scheduling problems: Concurrent Open Shop and the Assembly Line problem. For both these problems, Bansal and Khot [1] obtained tight (2 - e)-factor inapproximability, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC). In this paper, we prove optimal (2 - e)-factor NP-hardness of approximation for both these problems unconditionally, i.e., without assuming UGC. Our results for the scheduling problems follow from a structural hardness for Minimum Vertex Cover on hypergraphs - an unconditional but weaker analog of a similar result of Bansal and Khot [1] which, however, is based on UGC. Formally, we prove that for any e > 0, and positive integers q, T > 1, the following is NP-hard: Given a qT-uniform hypergraph G(V, E), decide between the following cases, YES Case: There is a partition of V into V1, ⋯, Vq, X with |V1| = ⋯ = |Vq| ≥ (1 - e/q) |V| such that the vertices of any hyperedge e can be partitioned into T blocks of q vertices each so that at least T - 1 of the blocks each contain at most one vertex from Vj, for any j ∈ [q]. Since T > 1, this implies that for any j ∈ [q], Vj ∪ X is a vertex cover of size at most (1/q + e) |V|. NO Case: Every vertex cover in G has size at least (1 - e)|V |. The above hardness result suffices to prove optimal inapproximability for the scheduling problems mentioned above, via black-box hardness reductions. Using this result, we also prove a super constant hardness factor for Two Stage Stochastic Vehicle Routing, for which a similar inapproximability was shown by Gortz, Nagarajan, and Saket [2] assuming the UGC, and based on the result of [1].
The anatomy of the sphincter of Oddi

Abstract A three-dimensional reconstruction of the intrinsic musculature surrounding the end of the common bile duct in man, generally referred to as the sphincter of Oddi, is presented. Here is visualized grossly for the first time the structure of the muscles in this important region in the adult human. A separate circular sheath of muscle is seen which by contraction can cause the clinical picture known as biliary dyssynergia. The model substantiates in the main and visualizes in three dimensions the findings reported by Hendrickson, Nuboer, Schwegler and Boyden, and Kreilkamp and Boyden.
RATIO RESPONDING AS A FUNCTION OF CONCURRENT AVOIDANCE SCHEDULES, YOKED SHOCKS, AND RATIO VALUE

Fixed-ratio food-reinforced responding in rats was studied alone and with concurrent shock avoidance or with concurrent response-independent shocks matched to those that occurred in the avoidance condition. Under each condition, fixed-ratio size was increased over successive daily sessions. Fixed-ratio response rate generally passed through a maximum as a function of fixed-ratio size. Decreased fixed-ratio responding at values beyond the maximum occurred when (1) the time to complete a fixed ratio approximated the response-shock interval of the avoidance schedule, (2) the shock rate increased, and/or (3) the ratio requirements were so high that ratio strain occurred. Avoidance rates decreased slightly as fixed-ratio size increased.
Protective immunity against tuberculosis induced by vaccination with major extracellular proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Abstract Tuberculosis, caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the world's leading cause of death in humans from a single infectious agent. A safe and effective vaccine against this scourge is urgently needed. This study demonstrates that immunization with the 30-kDa major secretory protein, alone or in combination with other abundant extracellular proteins of M. tuberculosis, induces strong cell-mediated immune responses and substantial protective immunity against aerosol challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis bacilli in the highly susceptible guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Protection is manifested by decreased clinical illness including decreased weight loss, reduced mortality, and decreased growth of M. tuberculosis in the lungs and spleens of immunized animals compared with sham-immunized controls. This study demonstrates that purified major extracellular proteins of M. tuberculosis are candidate components of a subunit vaccine against tuberculosis and provides compelling support for the concept that extracellular proteins of intracellular pathogens are key immunoprotective molecules.
Numerical Simulation of Single, Double, and Multiple Row Film Cooling Effectiveness and Heat Transfer

A numerical procedure previously developed to simulate heat transfer with full-coverage film cooling has been successfully applied to film cooling geometries that incorporate single, double, and multiple rows of cooling holes. The procedure is based on the STAN5 boundary layer program with models added to simulate film coolant injection and turbulence augmentation. Experimental data for comparison have been extracted mostly from the open literature, and the data represent a wide variety of film cooling geometries. Both spanwise-averaged film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer data are considered. Linear superposition theory for film cooling is tested by comparing superposition predicted effectiveness with the experimental values.Copyright © 1984 by ASME
Occult malignant astrocytoma of pons with extracranial metastasis to bone prior to craniotomy

A 23-year-old man presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure. CAT scan, cisternogram, and angiogram on admission were reported to be normal. Lumbar puncture revealed elevated pressure and protein of 500 mg-%. CSF cytology revealed malignant tumor cells. A brain biopsy and decompression were carried out to reveal diffuse subarachnoid invasion by malignant tumor cells. Immunohistochemical studies using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein serum revealed tumor cells to be positive for GFA protein. A lumbosacral CAT scan 9 days after surgery revealed numerous sclerotic densities involving bony pelvis, sacrum, T-12 vertebra and left femoral head. No definite primary site of tumor was found antemortem in the brain or any other organ. Autopsy demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid spread of malignant tumor in brain and spinal cord. Malignant astrocytoma was found in the midline pons projecting into the 4th ventricle. The histology of the neoplasm was identical in all sites including bone. No other tumor was found at autopsy. The vascular invasion by the tumor cells in the pons and distant bony metastasis in this case suggest hematogenous spread. A review of the lumbar X-ray taken 6 weeks prior to admission and the presence of well-established bony lesions within 10 days of craniotomy suggest that this is a rare case of extraneural metastasis of glioma occurring prior to surgery. The midline location of clinically occult pontine glioma and the presence of bony metastasis created difficulty in the diagnosis but immunohistochemical studies proved to be crucial in establishing correct diagnosis antemortem.
Religiosity and alcohol behavior: An exploration of reference group theory

This study examines the relationship between religiosity and alcohol use and perceived misuse. Unlike most past research, we focus on adults rather than adolescents and distinguish among specific Protestant denominations. We also use a more appropriate statistical technique and place the findings in a theoretical context. The analysis shows that religiosity is clearly related to alcohol use, mainly because people's religion serves as a reference group influencing their behavior. The analysis also shows that religiosity is not related to perceived misuse of alcohol, mainly because societal norms are congruent with religious norms and, hence, appear to overwhelm any effect of religion.
Infected permanent cardiac pacemaker. Management without removal.

Abstract Infected permanent cardiac pacemakers need not be removed. Local debridement and irrigation with antibiotic solutions have successfully eradicated the infection in 5 patients.
The application of reliability constrained stochastic capacity planning models to the service sector

Abstract Emphasis on quality management has recently permeated not only the manufacturing sector, but the service sector as well. Consequently, quality service and consumer satisfaction have become realities for many monopolistic service oriented industries facing competition. In order to effectively implement timely service within these industries (i) capacity plans must be developed which provide adequate staffing during both peakload and offpeak hours, as well as optimal (ii) prices and (iii) reliability of service. This paper builds on the results of Boronico (1992) in illustrating how reliability constrained marginal cost, within which optimal price is embodied, and minimum cost capacity plans may be determined for a service provider facing stochastic demand. Excess demand is not lost, but is deferred: a characteristic that typifies the operation of many delivery systems, such as postal services. Results indicate that marginal costs are convex with respect to reliability of service, while changes in the demand distribution's variability may impact optimal capacity by either increasing or decreasing required capacity.
Observations of scent-marking and discriminating self from others by a domestic dog (Canis familiaris): tales of displaced yellow snow.

Abstract Little is known about what stimuli trigger urinating or scent-marking in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris, or their wild relatives. While it is often suggested that the urine of other animals influences urinating and scent-marking patterns in canids, this has not been verified experimentally. To investigate the role of urine in eliciting urinating and marking, in this pilot study I moved urine-saturated snow (‘yellow snow’) from place-to-place during five winters to compare the responses of an adult male domestic dog, Jethro, to his own and others' urine. Jethro spent less time sniffing his own urine than that of other males or females, and that while his interest in his own urine waned with time it remained relatively constant for other individuals' urine. Jethro infrequently urinated over or sniffed and then immediately urinated over (scent-marked) his own urine. He marked over the urine of other males more frequently than he marked over females' urine. The method used here can be extended to other species for which experimental data are lacking. Though based on one dog, these novel data may further our knowledge of the role of scent-marking in territorial behavior and of sex differences in territory acquisition and maintenance.
Deformation of the Caribbean region: One plate or two?

New deep-penetrating high-resolution multichannel seismic reflection data collected in the eastern Caribbean during R/V Ewing cruise EW9501 imaged both the crustal structure and overlying stratigraphic successions. On the basis of this new multichannel seismic data, we define the geologic development of the Beata Ridge and Venezuelan basin. The Caribbean crust was formed by seafloor spreading in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous time. Prior to the Senonian, widespread and rapid eruption of basaltic flows began in concert with extensional deformation of the Caribbean crust. Thick volcanic wedges characterized by divergent reflectors are observed along the boundary that separates rough from smooth oceanic crust, are coincident with an abrupt shallowing of the Moho, and appear to be bounded by a large, northwest-dipping fault system. The locus of major extensional deformation migrated through time from the Venezuelan basin to the western flank of the Beata Ridge. Extensional unloading of the Beata Ridge footwall caused uplift and rotation of the ridge. Sediment thicknesses and stratal geometry observed across the Venezuelan basin and Beata Ridge suggest that the majority of the deformation in this region occurred during and soon after the emplacement of the volcanics. Minor fault reactivation in the Neogene along the eastern flank of the Beata Ridge is associated with an accommodation zone (i.e., tear fault) that records a change in the deformation style from bending and subduction of the Caribbean plate along the Muertos Trough south of Puerto Rico to compressional deformation and obduction of the Caribbean plate south of Hispaniola. We propose that this difference in deformational style is, in part, a consequence of the thicker crust on the Beata Ridge, which is more resistant to subduction.
Source Effects on Attenuation in Lined Ducts. Part II: Statistical Properties

Statistical models for acoustic attenuation in non-uniform ducts with mean flow are developed. With source descriptions based on random distributions of input modal powers and modal phase, numerical experimentation has revealed that statistical metrics of lining performance can be generated. These include probability density functions for transmitted acoustic power and attenuation, expected (mean) attenuation, and standard deviation from the mean. An important result is that for a broadband source represented by many acoustic modes, the transmitted power appears to be described by a Gaussian distribution. In the present investigation it is shown that based on arguments involving the duct transmission model and the Central Limit Theorem, the Gaussian distribution of transmitted power observed by numerical experiment is expected. For all cases, including tonal noise represented with relatively few modes, it is shown that statistical characteristics can be described by common probability density functions and conclusions about mean attenuation, deviation from the mean, and cumulative distributions are drawn. The statistical approach described has application for design of acoustic treatment in cases where knowledge of the details of the source is minimal or non-existent.
After inclusion, information and inference: reporting on clinical trials results after 15 years of monitoring inclusion of women.

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this report are to review the publications resulting from National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded phase 3 trials monitored by NIH for inclusion and to addre...
Intramedullary epidermoid cyst presenting with abnormal urological manifestations.

Study design: Report of an epidermoid cyst with intramedullary localization. Objective: To describe an atypical presentation of intramedullary epidermoid cyst. Summary of background data: Intramedullary epidermoid cysts are rare entities with a marked variability in the clinical presentation, essentially of neurological pertinence. Methods: Case report of a spinal epidermoid cyst in a 13-year-old girl presenting with urological symptoms: she had a 12-month history of recurrent low urinary tract infections, urinary frequency and nocturnal enuresis. A urodynamic evaluation was performed and showed the presence of involuntary bladder contractions with detrusor instability and low bladder compliance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated an intramedullary lesion of the dorsal spinal cord. Results: The mass was excised and 6 months after surgical excision, urological manifestations improved with decreased detrusor hyper-reflexia, increased bladder capacity and compliance and no later report of urinary tract infections. Conclusions: In our patient, unusual clinical manifestations of the tumor have delayed the diagnosis, but its complete removal has led to remission of symptoms. Detailed neurological examination and investigations are indicated in patients with clinical and urodynamic features, suggestive of neuropathic bladder.
Reconstructive surgery of the foot for the plastic surgeon

Plastic surgeons are often called upon to manage ulcerations of the foot in compromised patients. This article serves as an atlas of bone procedures to perform in concert with plastic repair by the plastic surgeon.
The actions of the κ1 opioid agonist U-50,488 on presynaptic nerve terminals of the chick ciliary ganglion

Abstract The actions of the κ 1 opioid receptor agonist U-50,488 ( trans -(±)-3,4-dichloro- N -methyl- N -[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyr]-benzene-acetamide methane sulfonate) on the membrane properties of presynaptic calyciform nerve terminals of the chick ciliary ganglion were examined using intracellular recordings obtained from intact ganglion preparations maintained in vitro . U-50,488 produced a concentrationdependent (30–1000 μM) hyperpolarization with an apparent increase in input resistance. This hyperpolarization resulted from inhibition of the Na + -K + inward rectifier, since it was blocked by 3 mM Cs + and was not observed when terminals were depolarized beyond resting potential where inward rectification was voltage inactivated. A depolarizing effect on membrane potential with a further rise in input resistance was commonly observed at the highest perfused U-50,488 concentration (1 mM). The depolarizing event appears to result from a decrease in membrane potassium conductance, as the reversal potential for the response was estimated to be between −70 and −90 mV and the potassium channel blocker Ba 2+ (1mM) abolished the response. The κ 1 opioid receptor agonist also blocked spontaneously occurring miniature hyperpolarizations in the terminals, which are considered to be due to a Ca 2+ -dependent K + conductance. Most of the responses to U-50,488 were abolished in the presence of the κ 1 receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine. In conclusion, the excitability of presynaptic nerve terminals in the chick ciliary ganglion can be modulated by the inhibition of at least three separate ion conductances following activation of κ 1 opioid receptor sites in the nerve terminal region.
Wroe Alderson's Marketing Theory Seminar: an experiment in higher education (1951‐1965)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the founding and history of the Marketing Theory Seminar, often called Wroe Alderson's Seminar.Design/methodology/approach – The paper offers personal reflections and historical narrative.Findings – The Marketing Theory Seminar was considered by Wroe Alderson to be the crowning achievement of his career. This paper was presented at the time of Alderson's death in 1965 to memorialize his work on the Seminar. It documents the key participants and themes of the Seminars from their inception in 1951 through 1962.Originality/value – This paper was presented at the Theory Seminar in 1965 by one of its founding organizers, Edmund McGarry, and has never been published. Copyright is held by the estate of the author. While we have been unable to contact any such persons, we have published the article with a view to bringing this important document to a wider audience. We welcome any communication from the holders of McGarry's estate.
ADAPT: An Adaptive Approach to Media Decisions

A firm's market changes under the impact of the firm's advertising. Feedback information on the market response allows the firm to learn about such changes and to adapt its subsequent media decisions accordingly. This paper presents an adaptive media model (ADAPT) that utilizes feedback information to revise certain parameters in a media decision model. Simulation experiments conducted with the ADAPT model demonstrate how different types of feedback information affect the media decisions and thereby the expected net profit contributions from sales. It is shown how the economic value of feedback information depends on the characteristics of the firm's market and also on the revision rules applied for updating the parameters. The value of the information may actually be negative if it is not used "intelligently".
Silicon dioxide breakdown lifetime enhancement under bipolar bias conditions

The authors point out that time to breakdown (t/sub BD/) of silicon dioxide has a pronounced frequency dependence when it is measured under bipolar bias conditions. At high frequencies, bipolar t/sub BD/, can be enhanced by two orders of magnitude over the t/sub BD/, obtained using DC or unipolar pulse bias of the same frequency and electric field. The lifetime improvement is attributed to detrapping of holes. At high frequencies, the improvement is maximum because the trapped holes are concentrated at the interface where they can easily be removed upon field reversal. At low frequencies, there is less improvement because the trapped hole distribution extends further into the oxide. Two different mechanisms are proposed to explain the frequency-dependent spreading of the trapped hole distribution away from the interface. >
Counting by DNA Self-Assembly in the Presence of Rotated Tiles

This paper deals with counting in the presence of tile rotation in DNA self-assembly using the so-called binary counter tile set. Initially, it is shown that when considering tile rotation under the assumption of no (zero) mismatch, self-assembly may result in a different counting pattern than normally expected. A relation between counting and tile rotation is established with respect to the angle of rotation as well as the location of the rotated tile. The binary counter tile set is analyzed using a graph model, which captures the rotational and transition features of the bonding process. Simulation results using Xgrow confirm the validity of the analysis.
Segmental Early Relaxation Phenomenon* Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Significance in Stress Echocardiography

Study objectives To evaluate the incidence, patient characteristics, and clinical significance of segmental early relaxation phenomenon (SERP) in stress echocardiography. Design Retrospective interpretation of digitized rest/stress echocardiographic images of 244 consecutive patients undergoing exercise or dobutamine echocardiography with subsequent patient follow-up for outcomes. Setting Tertiary care referral center. Patients Two hundred forty-four consecutive patients referred for stress echocardiography (exercise or dobutamine) for various clinical indications. Interventions None. Measurements and results SERP was diagnosed as a sudden outward motion of a portion of the left ventricle during early diastole (using frame-by-frame analysis) after peak systole prior to mitral valve opening at rest and after stress. Stress-associated SERP was observed in 71 patients (29.1%), with 25 patients having SERP in more than one segment. Five patients had resting SERP, with two persisting during stress. Ninety-six of 3,658 analyzed segments were positive for SERP. The apical septum and midseptum were most commonly involved in 49% and 18%, respectively. Only 5 of 96 patients (5.2%) had new hypokinesis and SERP in the same segment. No significant differences existed in demographic, clinical, or echocardiographic variables in patients with and without SERP. Follow-up revealed no significant differences in event rates in those with and without SERP. Conclusions This is the first stress echocardiographic study demonstrating that SERP is a distinct and relatively common stress echocardiographic phenomenon occurring in early diastole regardless of type of stress. SERP occurs predominantly in apical and midseptum in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It should not be mistaken for atypical septal motion, ischemia, or dyskinesia, and does not seem related solely to the presence of underlying coronary disease or stress-induced ischemia. No adverse long-term outcomes are seen in patients with SERP and no inducible ischemia.
Formulaic Binomials, Morphosymbolism, and Behaghel's Law: The Grammatical Status of Expressive Iconicity

This paper considers the linguistic status of West Germanic alliterative, formulaic, syntactically tight pairs. These hendiadys binomials are phonetically interwoven, phrasally autonomous units. Echoic reduplication, including hendiadys, is a common way for language to generate iconic forms. Building on recent work on sound-symbolic expressives, iconicity, and the significance of poetic features (compression, phrasal symmetry) for language, this study argues that alliterative binomials are fundamentally affective, with proverb-like sentential characteristics, deriving idiomatic force from their iconically self-signaling structural properties. Like Stabreim, phonetically reinforced and with reciprocally highlighted components, they define a cohesive utterance (saying, phrase, metrical line). In this they share phrase-level contour properties with Behaghel's Law, which shapes the linguistic structure of day-to-day poetics, particularly in fixed idioms. The inquiry examines phrasal syntax, phrase-level iconicity and expressive symbolism, and the poetics of folk-discourse genres, reflecting language's structure.*