cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxyfluorfen tolerance and weed control in young papaya1

Abstract Six field experiments were conducted to determine the tolerance of young papaya to oxyfluorfen weed control in young papaya. Papaya trees tolerated oxyfluorfen at rates of up to 4.5 kg/ha if the trees were at least 120 cm tall when oxyfluorfen was first applied; applications to shorter papaya trees often caused injury or death. Papaya trees recovered from oxyfluorfen injury if the initial injury was not too severe. Papaya trees recovered even if oxyfluorfen was reapplied approximately every 4 months, and no yield or trunk growth reduction occurred in four experiments where these parameters were measured. Oxyfluorfen at 1–1 kg/ha provided control of most weeds in papaya. Oxyfluorfen did not provide complete control of the weed Bidens pilosa L. (Compositae), and oryzalin‐oxyfluorfen combinations provided better control of B. pilosa than either herbicide by itself.
A 128×128b high-speed wide-and match-line content addressable memory in 32nm CMOS

A 128-entry × 128b content addressable memory (CAM) design enables 145ps search operation in 1.0V, 32nm high-k metal-gate CMOS technology. A high-speed 16b wide dynamic AND match-line, combined with a fully static search-line and swapped XOR CAM cell simulations show a 49% reduction of search energy at iso-search delay of 145ps over an optimized high-performance conventional NOR-type CAM design, enabling 1.07fJ/bit/search operation. Scaling the supply voltage of the proposed CAM enables 0.3fJ/bit/search with 1.07ns search delay at 0.5V.
Can Crowds Build parallel corpora for Machine Translation Systems

Corpus based approaches to machine translation (MT) rely on the availability of parallel corpora. In this paper we explore the effectiveness of Mechanical Turk for creating parallel corpora. We explore the task of sentence translation, both into and out of a language. We also perform preliminary experiments for the task of phrase translation, where ambiguous phrases are provided to the turker for translation in isolation and in the context of the sentence it originated from.
Social Context Effects on Story Recall in Older and Younger Women Does the Listener Make a Difference

The story-recall performance of older and younger women was examined within an oral story-retelling context with two listener conditions. Forty-eight older women (M age = 67.81 years; SD = 2.62) and 47 younger women (M age = 20.47 years; SD = 1.53) were asked to learn one of two stories with the goal to retell the story from memory either to an experimenter or to a young child. Did the listener make a difference in story recall? Yes. Although age-group differences in propositional recall favoring the younger women occurred when an experimenter was the listener, there were no age-group differences when a child was the listener. In addition, when a child was listening, both older and younger tellers adapted their narratives by producing more elaborations and repetitions, as well as by simplifying the more complex of the two stories. Across stories, however, the older tellers adjusted the complexity of their retellings to the age of their listeners more than did the younger tellers. Results highlight the importance of considering the social context of remembering in memory-aging research.
Epidemiological characteristics of lacunar infarcts in a population.

This study evaluated the characteristics and natural history of patients with lacunar (small, deep) cerebral infarcts in a defined population for comparison of these characteristics to those in patients with nonlacunar infarcts.This is a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1960 to 1984, that used the medical record-linkage system to identify and characterize patients with cerebral infarction.The age- and sex-adjusted average annual incidence rate of lacunar cerebral infarction was 13.4/100,000 persons, accounting for 12% of all first cerebral infarcts. Temporal trends in incidence rates, stroke recurrence rates, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and causes of death (given survival for 30 days) for cases of lacunar infarction were not significantly different from those for cases of nonlacunar infarction. Hypertension was found in 81% of patients who had a lacunar infarct and in 70% of patients who had a nonlacunar infarct (p = 0.05). A potential cardiac source of embolism was found in 12% o...
Adsorption of Fluoxetine HCl by Activated Charcoal

We studied the adsorption of fluoxetine HCl (Prozac) by Norit USP XXIII activated charcoal in vitro, in simulated gastric fluid (USP; pH 1.2), and in simulated intestinal fluid (USP; pH 7.5). The data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir Qm values (maximal adsorption capacities) for pH 1.2 and 7.5 were 0.258 and 0.330 g drug/g charcoal, respectively. These excellent capacities suggest that oral charcoal therapy would be effective for fluoxetine overdose.
A novel mutant allele of the chromatin-bound fission yeast checkpoint protein Rad17 separates the DNA structure checkpoints.

To further dissect the genetic differences between the checkpoint pathway following S-phase cdc arrest versus DNA damage, a genetic screen was performed for checkpoint mutants that were unable to arrest mitosis following cell-cycle arrest with a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase delta mutant, cdc20-M10. One such checkpoint mutant, rad17-d14, was found to display the cut phenotype following S-phase arrest by cdc20-M10, but not by the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, reminiscent of the chk1 mutant. Unlike chk1 , rad17-d14 was not sensitive to UV irradiation. Interestingly, the ionising radiation sensitivity of rad17-d14 was only at higher doses, and cells were found to be defective in properly arresting cell division following irradiation in S phase, but not G(2) phase. Biochemical analysis attributes the checkpoint defects of rad17-d14 to the failure to phosphorylate the checkpoint effector Chk1p. To investigate if Rad17p monitors the genome for abnormal DNA structures specifically during DNA synthesis, chromatin association of Rad17p was analysed. Rad17p was found to be chromatin associated throughout the cell cycle, not just during S phase. This interaction occurred irrespective of the arrest with cdc20-M10 and, surprisingly, was also independent of the other checkpoint Rad proteins, and the cell-cycle effectors Chk1p and Cds1p.
Reacquisition following extinction in appetitive conditioning

In four experiments utilizing an appetitive conditioning preparation, reacquisition of conditioned responding was found to occur both rapidly and slowly following extinction. In Experiment 1, acquisition of responding to a tone that had been conditioned and extinguished occurred more rapidly than acquisition in either a group that received equivalent exposure to the food unconditioned stimulus or a “rest” control group that received only exposure to the apparatus in the first two phases. However, reacquisition was impaired relative to acquisition in a “learning-experienced” group that had previously received conditioning and extinction with a different stimulus. Experiments 2 and 3 produced similar results, but also found that high responding during reacquisition was confined to trials that followed reinforced, rather than nonreinforced, trials. Experiment 4, in which very few initial conditioning trials were used, produced reacquisition that was slow compared with both learning-experienced and rest controls. The results are consistent with a role for sequential learning: Reacquisition is rapid when animals have learned that reinforced trials signal other reinforced trials.
Prediction of Red Light Running Based on Statistics of Discrete Point Sensors

A probabilistic model is proposed to predict red light running (RLR) for collision avoidance systems at arterial signalized intersections. This RLR predictor consists of an arrival time estimator and a statistical predictor of vehicle stop-and-go maneuvers with two discrete point sensors (capable of measuring speed). In addition, unlike most prediction models, which are designed to minimize mean errors, this model identifies two types of error: the false alarm and the missed report. The capability of distinguishing these two types of error is crucial to the effectiveness of RLR-related collision avoidance systems. Therefore, the Neyman-Pearson criterion is employed: it keeps the false-alarm rate lower than a given threshold while at the same time minimizing the probability of missing error. To quantify the trade-off between these two types of error in the system design, a system operating characteristics (SOC) function is defined. The system parameters are determined by using an offline supervised parameter-setting procedure in which training data are collected from a field intersection in the San Francisco Bay Area in California with Autoscope video cameras. Effectiveness of the proposed model and its prediction algorithm are demonstrated by the collected field data. The theoretical system performance predicted by the SOC curve is matched with the evaluated performance by means of data collected from field intersections. For example, at a preset false-alarm rate of 3%, the correct prediction rate of RLR for three approaches of the field intersection ranges from 63% to 80%.
Islands in Europe: development of an island tourism multi‐dimensional model (ITMDM)

This paper introduces an island tourism multi-dimensional model. Its aim is to develop an approach for integrating quantitative models and qualitative techniques into a coherent and useful methodology. The island tourism multi-dimensional model is divided into several modules as presented in the paper. They include geographic information system applications, economic impact assessment, forecasting modeling, accessibility modeling, seasonality modeling and alternative modeling. Forecasting models, economic impact assessments and geographic information systems can be used to project forecasts and demonstrate sustainable and economic development issues. The paper demonstrates that the outcomes of the accessibility and seasonality modules can be used to generate strategic plans of marketing segments, service engagement and community involvement. It suggests that by using alternative modeling the output of quantitative analyses and the input of private, voluntary and public sectors at community, business and governmental levels can be integrated with each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Interorganizational Control with IT

The role of interorganizational information technologies (IT) in the external control of organizations is examined. At the beginning of the case study, an insurance firm is mired in government regulation and hostile relations with independent repair shops. Interorganizational IT was used to gain control over the activities and direction of the repair shops, easing tensions and streamlining the market. The design of the system allowed the insurance company to appear socially conscientious, shifting away from a reputation as a cost center. The reason why these changes were able to come about is explained by the shifting dependencies along the value chain brought about by strategic deployment of the new IT.
Environmental Risk Factors and Child Nutritional Status and Survival in a Context of Climate Variability and Change

Much of the population in the developing world resides in rural areas, is dependent on local agriculture for survival, and thus directly subject to increasingly volatile and variable climatic patterns. Poverty limits options for adaptation to unpredictable weather and resultant food insecurity; these concerns are particularly salient in an era of climate change, which threatens to roll back years of development gains. Examining the association between the growing environment and child survival and nutrition is important in this context. Using NASA's satellite remote sensing data with Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from four West African countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea and Benin), we assess the association between a climate-related environmental variable (vegetation index - NDVI) and child survival and nutrition. NDVI had a positive association with child survival and nutrition in countries with a wide distribution of NDVI values. NDVI was more likely to be positively associated with wasting rather than stunting. We find that environmental factors can be important for child survival and nutrition outcomes in specific contexts. Additional research is needed to further explore the ways NDVI can be used to inform our understanding of the environment's impact on child survival and nutrition.
The pH of Feeding Tube Aspirates From Critically Ill Infants

BACKGROUND The extent to which gastric acid inhibitors and feedings affect gastric pH in infants is unclear. OBJECTIVES To compare pH values of gastric aspirates from infants according to use or no use of gastric acid inhibitors and feedings. METHODS Colorimetric pH tests were used to measure the pH of aspirates from feeding tubes in 54 critically ill infants; 29 of the gastric aspirates were from infants who did not receive acid inhibitors or feedings, 13 were from infants who received acid inhibitors but no feedings, 3 were from infants who received feedings but no acid inhibitors, and 5 were from infants who received both acid inhibitors and feedings. The remaining 4 feeding tubes were in nongastric sites. RESULTS Individual pH readings of 5.5 or less were found in 97% of the gastric aspirates from infants with no recent feedings or acid inhibitors, 77% of the gastric aspirates from infants who received acid inhibitors, and 67% of the gastric aspirates from infants with recent feedings. Among 2 esophageal aspirates and 2 duodenal aspirates, 1 of each type had a pH less than 5.5. A pH cut point of 5.5 or less did not rule out esophageal or duodenal placement. CONCLUSIONS The pH of gastric aspirates from critically ill infants is often 5.5 or less, regardless of the use of acid inhibitors, feedings, or both. Most likely a cut point of 5.5 or less would rule out respiratory placement because tracheal pH is typically 6.0 or higher.
Increased Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Following an Epidemic of Coxsackievirus B5

In order to address the hypothesis that coxsackievirus B5 is a cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the incidence of IDDM was examined following an epidemic of coxsackievirus B5 in Jefferson County, Alabama. Incidence estimates were obtained from a registry of IDDM which was maintained in the county since 1979. A total of 266 cases were diagnosed (69 black and 197 white individuals less than 20 years of age) between 1979 and 1988. Significant increases in incidence were observed in both races, corresponding temporally to the epidemic of coxsackievirus B5 which occurred in 1983. The overall incidence in the year beginning July 1983, the month of the first isolation of coxsackievirus B5, was 18.4/100,000 person-years, an excess of 6.7/100,000 person-years over the average annual incidence for the previous 4 years. The increase was greatest in females and among all children aged 10-14 years. This study provides support for the role of coxsackievirus B5 in the multifactorial etiology of IDDM, and suggests a possible basis for the increased incidence of IDDM reported around the world in the early 1980s.
Where do they turn? Social support systems of suicidal high school adolescents

Adolescents reporting suicidal behavior were found to be significantly different from those who were not nonsuicidal in their responses to variables related to parents' marital status, school performance and attendance, someone to talk to, and church attendance. Adolescents overwhelmingly identified their parents' demonstrations of affection as a very important way to "make a difference" to decrease suicidal behaviors. Health professionals need to note that approximately 1 in 3 girls and 1 in 4 boys reporting self-hurt behaviors may attempt suicide.
Preliminary Report of Inflammatory Markers, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents of Different Ethnicities.

Abstract Background: Higher fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1C levels are seen more often in African American (AA) and Hispanic (H) youth, even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), pointing to other factors that might be promoting abnormal glucose tolerance, such as inflammatory mediators. Our study compared markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents of different ethnicities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study of healthy Caucasian (C), H, and AA adolescents. Fasting urine for F2-isoprostanes and plasma for adiponectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (s-VCAM 1), interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor-α were collected and analyzed. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the effect of the biomarkers on HOMA-IR. Results: Seventy adolescents were enrolled (26 C, 20 A, and 24 H); 32 were male (46%) and 27 (39%) were obese. Exploratory analysis showe...
Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Applications to Land and Natural Resource Management

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have made dramatic technical advances in the past decade. Their use domestically is currently tightly constrained by existing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. Within the next few years, the FAA is expected to provide a regulatory framework that allows for a greatly expanded role for UASs in domestic airspace for a wide variety of applications. One of those will be remote sensing for land and natural resource monitoring. While there has recently been a large body of published research on UAS applications to environmental monitoring, in practice, very little has been operationalized by private or public entities to date. In July 2014, Argonne National Laboratory hosted a workshop dedicated to environmental monitoring UAS applications with attendance by representatives from 11 federal agencies as well as academics. The workshop reviewed the UAS state-of-the-art within the federal arena and barriers to broader UAS use. While a number of agencies, the including National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration, the United States Geological Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Bureau of Land Management have conducted proof-of-concept UAS demonstrations, typically using surplus Department of Defense equipment, the promise of UAS systems at the moment remains untapped for a variety of reasons. The consensus was, however, that UAS systems will play an increasingly important role in cost-effectively supporting timely natural-resource and land-management monitoring needs.Environmental Practice 17: 170–177 (2015)
Evaluation and Management of Nondisplaced Scaphoid Waist Fractures in the Athlete

Scaphoid waist fractures are one of the most common carpal injuries in athletes, and their management can be challenging for orthopaedists. Athletes are best served by individual treatment plans based on their position, demands of their sport, and skill level. The anatomy of the scaphoid makes these injuries susceptible to malunions or nonunions and can lead to significant morbidity and lost playing time. Physical examination and imaging studies are paramount to timely and accurate diagnosis and can help guide treatment decisions. Depending on the athletes׳ required skill set, they may be able to return to sport participation with a playing cast or benefit from early surgical fixation to hasten their return to play. The nonoperative and operative management options and rehabilitation are further outlined to help guide orthopaedists in the most appropriate treatment for athletes that result in good outcomes and minimize the time required to return to athletic participation.
Basic Statistical Methods. N. M. Downie and R. W. Heath, New York; Harper, 1959. pp. xii, 289. $4.50.

(1959). Basic Statistical Methods. N. M. Downie and R. W. Heath, New York; Harper, 1959. pp. xii, 289. $4.50. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 54, No. 288, pp. 816-817.
Forehead and Eyebrow Anatomy and Its Continuity with the Eyelid

There are distinct differences between the appearance and topography of the male and female eyebrow. In both genders, the medial club head of the brow begins in a line perpendicular to the medial canthus and nasal ala. The elevator of the forehead and eyebrow is the frontalis muscle which originates from the galea above and interdigitates with the orbital orbicularis and corrugator muscles below before inserting onto the skin above the brow. The purpose of this short description of forehead/eyebrow anatomy is to simplify the understanding of this area of the face.
Analysis on Acute Gastroenteritis of Residents in Zhabei District of Shanghai

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis and trend in seeking medical care.METHODS Interview surveys were conducted in the community over 12 month periods between 2010 and 2011.Each survey asked about acute gastroenteritis in the four weeks.RESULTS Questionnaires were completed for 3 600 respondents.At least one episode of annual acute gastroenteritis was reported by 7.97%(man versus woman sexual ratio was 1.01:1) and the incidence was higher between June and October.It is also reported that there was a large amount of respondents,who were under retirement,got acute gastroenteritis.About 40.00% respondents,who got acute gastroenteritis,was attributed to Aquatic products intake.Less respondents sought medical care after they got acute gastroenteritis.CONCLUSION Improving relevant surveillance and investigation shows great importance in understanding the prevalence.
Voltage endurance testing of H.V. stator insulation

The degree of dependence on voltage endurance tests as an important property of high voltage insulation quality has recently increased, due to its wide-spread use by Manufacturers and Utilities.
Design procedure for multi-phase external rotor permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machines

This paper presents the optimal design procedure to develop multi-phase external rotor permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machines (EPMa-SynRMs). With its higher torque density and higher power density compared to the internal rotor PMa-SynRM, external rotor PMa-SynRM is best suitable in applications to electric bikes and aircrafts. Enormous amount of research has been done in optimizing internal rotor PM machines. However, an efficient optimization technique to develop a five-phase EPMa-SynRM is not presented in the literature. The optimization of the EPMa-SynRMs is important to provide better performance characteristics and controllability in terms of lower back-EMF harmonics and cogging torque for critical applications. In this study, a detailed analysis on developing magnetic equivalent circuit for the multi-phase EPMa-SynRM is presented. Differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm is utilized to develop the optimal models for five-phase EPMa-SynRM. The effects of rotational forces on the rotor in both internal and external rotor PMa-SynRMs are analytically studied. A thermal model for the proposed EPMa-SynRM structure is presented. Initial simulation results for stress and thermal heat flow for the proposed designs are presented. Furthermore, electromagnetic finite element simulation results such as back-EMF, flux linkage, cogging torque, and their harmonics are presented for the developed five-phase EPMa-SynRM model. The best design which has lower back-EMF harmonics and cogging torque is chosen to fabricate and conduct experimental tests.
Framing, Foreign Policy, and Just Wars

While extant changes in the views of liberal societies toward the practice of war suggest that the utility and by extension the practice of war could or perhaps should be in jeopardy in the United States (and potentially other liberal societies), this is clearly not the case. The origins of the reason it is not, I contend, can be found in the continued prominence of the just war tradition and the discursive forum it provides for considerations of and arguments for war’s continued legitimacy. Yet beyond that sustained and even resurgent ‘conversation’ concerning the acceptable conditions for war in modern liberal societies, it is the concerted effort of foreign policy decision-makers to tap into that tradition in seeking to ‘frame’ decisions to go to war that provides the crucial animus for war’s persistence and prominence.
Containing Romance and Plotting Empire in The Tempest and Pericles

No play has excited more interest in extending the boundaries of early modern dramatic study than The Tempest. Calling it “a touchstone for critical, political and creative work throughout the modern world,” Peter Hulme and William H. Sherman observe: “While Shakespeare has been re-invented by every generation and while his plays have been re-staged all over the globe, the stakes involved in The Tempest’s travels have been unusually high” (xi). Even beyond Shakespeare studies, The Tempest has inspired artistic and critical responses from a range of cultural traditions and scholarly fields. Jonathan Goldberg finds this unboundedness within the very fabric of the play: he writes that its “lack of fixity, this multiplicity of unfixed locations, may well be … a condition of possibility for the reinscription of Shakespeare in numerous sites of colonial translation” (1).1 Scholars of early colonial literature outside of the British tradition have also identified the play as a fecund point of origin. In his important study of Early American literature and cultural geography, Ralph Bauer argues that The Tempest shows modernity to be “the product of the complex and inextricable connectedness of various places and histories, of the way in which these places acted upon each other” (2, author’s emphasis).2 For Bauer, the cultural map of early American literature must be drawn in relation to the The Tempest’s prolific boundaries.
Ligamentous knee injuries in children and adolescents

Due to an increase in sporting activities, the number of injuries of the immature knee is continuously increasing. These injuries necessitate a special approach regarding the particular anatomical situation with open growth plates. Three of the most commonly occurring injuries are rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, patella dislocation and meniscus injuries. The clinical results for conservative treatment of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in the growth phase are inferior to operative treatment. Transepiphyseal reconstruction has been shown to be a safe treatment method and provides good clinical results. Therapy of patella instability in children has shown poor results and new surgical techniques have been introduced to perform an anatomical reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament as well as to improve distal alignment. Isolated injuries to the meniscus are rare and discoid meniscus is a special phenomenon occurring in infancy. Meniscus injuries should be treated with primary sutures rather than resection. A discoid meniscus should be resected with extreme caution and anatomically reconstructed.
FUNCTIONAL ACETABULAR COMPONENT POSITION IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT PATIENTS DURING STANDING AND SITTING USING EOS IMAGING

Introduction Pelvic flexion and extension in different body positions can affect acetabular orientation after total hip arthroplasty, and this may predispose patients to dislocation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional acetabular component position in total hip replacement patients during standing and sitting. We hypothesize that patients with degenerative lumbar disease will have less pelvic extension from standing to sitting, compared to patients with a normal lumbar spine or single level spine disease. Methods A prospective cohort of 20 patients with primary unilateral THR underwent spine-to-ankle standing and sitting lateral radiographs that included the lumbar spine and pelvis using EOS imaging. Patients were an average age of 58 ± 12 years and 6 patients were female. Patients had (1) normal lumbar spines or single level degeneration, (2) multilevel degenerative disc disease or (3) scoliosis. We measured acetabular anteversion (cup relative to the horizontal), sacral slope angle (superior endplate of S1 relative to the horizontal), and lumbar lordosis angles (superior endplates of L1 and S1). We calculated the absolute difference in acetabular anteversion and the absolute difference in lumbar lordosis during standing and sitting (Figure 1). Results Nine patients had normal lumbar spines or scoliosis, and 11 patients had multilevel disc disease. The median change in cup anteversion for normal and scoliosis patients was 29° degrees (range 11° to 41°) compared to 21° degrees (range 1° to 34°) for multilevel disc disease patients (p=0.03). There was a positive correlation between the change in cup anteversion and the change in lumbar lordosis (p=0.01; Figure 2). From standing to sitting, cup anteversion always increased and lumbar lordosis always decreased. Conclusions The change in cup anteversion from standing to sitting was variable in patients with normal, degenerative, and scoliosis lumbar spines. Patients with degenerative disc disease have less pelvic extension, and thus less acetabular anteversion in the sitting position compared to normal spines. This may increase their risk of posterior dislocation.
Reforming College Sports: The Case for a Limited and Conditional Antitrust Exemption

College sports has been undergoing rapid commercialization and reorganization. This transformation has led to sharpening inequality among schools within and between divisions, unstable and unsustai...
Abstract WP165: Silent Brain Infarction and Risk of Future Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Silent brain infarction (SBI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is relatively frequently detected but of uncertain clinical significance. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a pooled estimate from all relevant published and unpublished sources will demonstrate SBI to be an independent risk factor for future stroke. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association between MRI-defined SBI and future stroke. We searched for relevant literature in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library Database from inception to April 3, 2015. All cohort studies involving adults with MRI detection of SBI who were subsequently followed for incident clinically-defined stroke were eligible. Study data and quality assessment was recorded in duplicate with disagreements in data extraction resolved by a third reader. Results: We studied 14,764 subjects from 13 studies with a mean follow-up ranging from 25.7 to 174 months. SBI predicted the occurrence of stroke with a random effects crude relative risk of 2.94 (95% CI 2.24-3.86, P Conclusion: SBI is present in approximately 1 in 5 stroke-free older adults and is associated with 2-fold increased risk of future stroke.
Effect of animat complexity on the evolution of hierarchical control

Animal movements are realized by a combination of high-level control from the nervous system and joint-level movement provided by the musculoskeletal system. The digital muscle model (DMM) emulates the low-level musculoskeletal system and can be combined with a high-level artificial neural network (ANN) controller forming a hybrid control strategy. Previous work has shown that, compared to ANN-only controllers, hybrid ANN/DMM controllers exhibit similar performance with fewer synapses, suggesting that some computation is offloaded to the low-level DMM. An open question is how the complexity of the robot, in terms of the number of joints, affects the evolution of the ANN control structure. We explore this question by evolving both hybrid controllers and ANN-only controllers for worm-like animats of varying complexity. Specifically, the number of joints in the worms ranges from 1 to 12. Consistent with an earlier study, the results demonstrate that, in most cases, hybrid ANN/DMM controllers exhibit equal or better performance than ANN-only controllers. In addition, above a threshold for animat complexity (number of joints), the ANNs for one variant of the hybrid controllers have significantly fewer connections than the ANN-only controllers.
Additive manufactured tripolar antenna system for link improvement in high multipath environments

A 2.4 GHz single-piece additive manufactured tripolar antenna system is presented for integration with a commercially available wireless node. The antenna is 3D-printed using fused deposition modeling of ABS plastic and micro-dispensing of silver paste. Performance is evaluated in anechoic and highly reflective environments achieving a return loss greater than 15 dB at the desired frequency of operation and median and 1% link margin improvements through selection diversity of 4 dB and 11 dB, respectively.
Mining Data in Electronic Health Record Systems: Opportunities for Librarians

ABSTRACTIn the past decade, the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) and the Medical Library Association recognized an important trend of health sciences librarian involvement in electronic health records (EHR). This trend continues as librarians seek to help solve information challenges in health care settings. In 2016, two regions of the NNLM sponsored a forum focusing on the use of EHR data. Attended by 77 librarians, clinicians and bioinformaticians, the forum confirmed that there are opportunities for librarians to develop roles related to use and analysis of EHR data as evidence for patient care, patient safety and quality improvement.
Hipparchus’ Didactic Journey: Poetry, Prose, and Catalogue Form in the Commentary on Aratus and Eudoxus

Seeking to establish his didactic superiority to prior commentaries on the astronomers, Hipparchus hit upon the catalogue form as expressing his views in the most authoritative way.
Systematic Exploration of Examples as Proof: Analysis with Four Theoretical Frameworks

This chapter offers a multi-layered analysis of one specific category of students’ example-based reasoning , which has received little attention in research literature so far: systematic exploration of examples. It involves dividing a conjecture’s domain into disjoint sub-domains and testing a single example in each sub-domain. I apply four theoretical frameworks to analyze student data: The Mathematical-logical framework for the interplay between examples and proof, Proof schemes framework, Transfer-in-pieces framework, and the Theory of instructional situations . Taken together, these frameworks allow to examine the data from mathematical, cognitive and social perspectives, thus broadening and deepening the insights into students thinking about the relationship between examples and proving. Implications for teaching and learning of proof in school mathematics are discussed.
Variations in grandfathering: characteristics of involved, passive, and disengaged grandfathers

Grandfather involvement is comprised of three constructs, namely, contact frequency, intergenerational commitment, and participation in activities, and refers to grandfathers’ efforts to develop an...
Mood Stabilizers, Anticonvulsants, and Anti-agitants

This chapter addresses the use of mood stabilizers, including various anticonvulsants, for both FDA-approved and off-label uses in treating psychiatric disorders. Additionally, this chapter provides a focused overview of the management of adults with aggressive behaviors related to major psychiatric disorders, with an emphasis on conditions most likely to be encountered by neurologists. There are no FDA-approved pharmacological treatments of aggression, regardless of diagnosis or the origin of the behaviors. The treatments used to target aggression (beyond primary treatment of psychiatric disorders) are therefore off-label interventions and should be carefully considered after reviewing the available evidence. This chapter presents some of the relevant evidence supporting off-label pharmacological treatments targeting aggression related to specific diagnoses. Other sources provide more detailed overviews of the assessment and management of aggression.
Synthesis and Characterization of PbS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals

We demonstrate a synthetic method to add a ZnS shell, with controlled thickness, to PbS nanocrystals using Zn oleate and thioacetamide as Zn and S precursors. The ZnS shell reaction is self-limiting and deposits approximately a monolayer of ZnS per shell reaction without causing the PbS nanocrystals to Ostwald ripen. The reaction is self-limiting because the sulfur precursor, thioacetamide, is less reactive toward the PbS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystal surface as compared to the Zn oleate precursor present in the reaction solution. To increase the ZnS shell thickness beyond a monolayer, subsequent ZnS shell reactions are modified by adding the thioacetamide 10 minutes before the Zn oleate. This gives the thioacetamide time to react at the PbS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystal surface before the Zn oleate is added. High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) shows most ZnS shells lack crystalline order. However, select core/shell nanocrystals have epitaxial crystalline (zinc-b...
Filtering Image Spam with Near-Duplicate Detection.

A new trend in email spam is the emergence of image spam. Although current anti-spam technologies are quite successful in filtering text-based spam emails, the new image spams are substantially more difficult to detect, as they employ a variety of image creation and randomization algorithms. Spam image creation algorithms are designed to defeat well-known vision algorithms such as optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms whereas randomization techniques ensure the uniqueness of each image. We observe that image spam is often sent in batches that consist of visually similar images that differ only due to the application of randomization algorithms. Based on this observation, we propose an image spam detection system that uses near-duplicate detection to detect spam images. We rely on traditional anti-spam methods to detect a subset of spam images and then use multiple image spam filters to detect all the spam images that “look” like the spam caught by traditional methods. We have implemented a prototype system to achieve high detection rate while having a less than 0.001% false positive rate.
Pied-Piping and Preposition Stranding

Second language researchers have utilized pied-piping (PiP) and preposition stranding (PS) in current research because of generally accepted linguistic markedness values attributed to this alternation. We will now examine these markedness values and review the claims on which they are based; that is, following the discussion in Chapter 1, we will examine the typological, syntactic, and subset criteria underlying these markedness claims and show the problems inherent in determining markedness values, particularly for PiP and PS. Finally, studies of piping and stranding in L2 acquisition will be examined—studies which seek to test a markedness hypothesis.
Community Power Structure

The study of political behavior in cities has revolved around two issues: Who holds power within the community? And how much autonomy do urban policy makers have within national and global systems to make meaningful decisions? The use of the term ‘community’ is somewhat misleading, since the jurisdictional level discussed was usually that of the city. The ‘community power structure debate’ defined the theoretical terrain of urban politics throughout the 1960s and much of the 1970s. The two poles of this debate were elite theory and pluralist theory. In elitist thought powerful members of the business elite manipulated elected officials, while for pluralists urban politics consisted of the activities of multiple elites, with elected officials acting as ultimate arbiters. (At its extreme this theory produced a model of the city as ungovernable or ‘hyperpluralist’). The community power structure debate was displaced by political-economic analysis. On one side Paul Peterson presented a conservative view, arguing that market factors limited urban political autonomy and capacity. Consequently urban policy makers could only benefit the entire public by fostering economic development and would cause the relative disadvantage of their cities if they sought redistribution. On the left, analysts considered that the power of capital caused city governments to pursue policies that benefited the owners of capital at the expense of the poor. More generally they analyzed urban political behavior within the context of the global restructuring of capital, which made city governments helpless to prevent deindustrialization and spatial reordering. Within both these views community power and ensuing local political behavior had little ability to affect urban outcomes. Regime theory has become the prevailing standpoint in the study of community power. It represents a fusion of pluralist and left political economy approaches. Regime theory assumes that urban regimes make a difference in outcomes (‘politics matters’), and it presents various models of community power that vary temporally and from city to city. While business-dominated regimes are most prevalent, other possibilities allow political outcomes that are more favorable to redistribution. The development of theories of community power has been strongly shaped by actual events and ascendant ideologies rather than simply reflecting the dialectic of ideas.
Saturable mode conversion of parametric amplification in a multimode optical fiber

The intimate interaction between phase-matched parametric amplification and strong nonlinear mode coupling in a multimode optical fiber results in a saturable mode conversion in the anti-Stokes component of the phase-matched four-wave mixing process. This novel saturable mode conversion can potentially be used in a variety of applications including the generation of exotic quantum states.
Some Recent Developments in Inference for Geostatistical Functional Data

We review recent developments related to inference for functions defined at spatial locations. We also consider time series of functions defined at irregularly distributed spatial points or on a grid. We focus on kriging, estimation of the functional mean and principal components, and significance testing, giving special attention to testing spatio--temporal separability in the context of functional data. We also highlight some ideas related to extreme value theory for spatially indexed functional time series.
Three-dimensional Super-resolution with Nonuniform Cutoff Frequencies

Super-resolution theory provides a theoretical foundation to numerous applications in, e.g., signal processing and communications. Many applications have multi-dimensional measurements. We investigate the three-dimensional super-resolution problem that aims to recover the locations and complex amplitudes of point sources in $[0,1]^{3}$ from the low-pass Fourier measurements. In literature, sufficient minimum separations of the point sources for exact recovery have been found for one and two dimensional cases with equal cutoff frequency for each dimension. A cutoff frequency of a dimension is the bandwidth of the low pass measurement. We report the minimum separation for the three dimensional case, where we also allow the cutoff frequencies to be different for different dimensions. We introduce a new minimum separation factor and show that, when the measurements are band-limited to the integer cuboid $[-f_{c,1},\ f_{c,1}]\times[-f_{c,2},\ f_{c,2}]\times[-f_{c,3},\ f_{c,3}]$ where $f_{c,1}, f_{c,2}$ and $f_{c,3}$ are not necessarily equal, the locations and complex amplitudes can be recovered by minimizing total variation norm if the minimum separation factor is at least 3.36.
The Healthcare Simulation Technology Specialist and Information Technology

Nearly every device in a simulation center is now reliant upon network connectivity to allow data collection, processing, transfer, or analysis. Everything from the manikin that the students interact with, to the database server that stores scenarios and grading templates, to the telephone system and video recording and debriefing software are frequently connected to some type of network connection. Understanding how these connections are made and the hardware and software required for proper operation will allow the healthcare simulation technology specialist (HSTS) to best use, troubleshoot, and design features for simulation-based education. This chapter will define common terms, describe network components and their features, as well as introduce some innovative uses of this equipment for use in healthcare simulation.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in a Hematological Malignancy Unit: Carbapenem Reduction and Decreased Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infection

BACKGROUND Antibiotic stewardship is challenging in hematological malignancy patients. METHODS We performed a quasiexperimental implementation study of 2 antimicrobial stewardship interventions in a hematological malignancy unit: monthly antibiotic cycling for febrile neutropenia that included cefepime (± metronidazole) and piperacillin-tazobactam and a clinical prediction rule to guide anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) therapy. We used interrupted time-series analysis to compare antibiotic use and logistic regression in order to adjust observed unit-level changes in resistant infections by background community rates. RESULTS A total of 2434 admissions spanning 3 years pre- and 2 years postimplementation were included. Unadjusted carbapenem and daptomycin use decreased significantly. In interrupted time-series analysis, carbapenem use decreased by -230 days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], -290 to -180; P < .001). Both VRE colonization (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81; P < .001) and infection (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9; P = .02) decreased after implementation. This shift may have had a greater effect on daptomycin prescribing (-160 DOT/1000 patient-days; 95% CI, -200 to -120; P < .001) than did the VRE clinical prediction score (-30 DOT/1000 patient-days; 95% CI, -50 to 0; P = .08). Also, 46.2% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were carbapenem-resistant preimplementation compared with 25.0% postimplementation (P = .32). Unit-level changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) incidence were explained by background community-level trends, while changes in AmpC ESBL and VRE appeared to be independent. The program was not associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS An antibiotic cycling-based strategy for febrile neutropenia effectively reduced carbapenem use, which may have resulted in decreased VRE colonization and infection and perhaps, in turn, decreased daptomycin prescribing.
Qualitative Examination of International Graduate Students’ Experiences With Campus Recreation Services:

International college students have become an important subgroup in U.S. higher education. However, their campus recreation participation rate is relatively low. Previous studies indicate significa...