cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 1.6mm 3 Wirelessly Powered Reconfigurable FDD Radio with On-Chip Antennas Achieving 4.7 pJ/b TX and 1 pJ/b RX Energy Efficiencies for Medical Implants

This paper presents an integrated wirelessly powered radio with two on-chip antennas and a total volume of 2.4×2.2×0.3 mm3 achieving ×7 smaller footprint than state-of-the-art wirelessly powered transceivers. The system is fabricated in TSMC 180nm process and is designed to operate under stringent power budgets of medical implants. Power and downlink data are carried to the system via an AKS-modulated RF link with an energy efficiency of 1 pJ/b. This design can operate under various power budgets and utilizes a power management technique to adjust the effective data rate and power consumption. TX block is based on a power oscillator structure and utilizes an on-chip dipole antenna at the load. Reconfigurable TX block can transmit uplink data with OOK and UWB modulation schemes and supports a maximum data rate of 150 Mbps achieving an energy efficiency of 4.65 pJ/b at a 15cm distance. In UWB modes, the TX block operates continuously for data rates of up to 40 Mbps.
Effects of Supplemental Silage on Forage Intake and Utilization by Steers Grazing Wheat Pasture or Bermudagrass

Seven trials were conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts of silage (corn, wheat or sorghum) on forage intake, gastrointestinal tract fill, fecal output and ruminal flow and degradation of forage by cattle grazing wheat pasture or bermudagrass. In each of 3 yr, 24 steers grazed a common wheat or bermudagrass pasture and were randomly allocated to four treatments (0, .35, .70 or 1.05 kg silage DM.100 kg body weight-1.d-1). Intake and ruminal flow of forage were measured by feeding a single pulse dose of Yb-labeled forage followed by collection of fecal samples for 4 to 5 d and fitting Yb concentrations to a one-compartment, age-dependent model. Ruminal digestion kinetics of wheat forage were estimated in situ using eight ruminally cannulated steers fed 0 or .55 kg sorghum silage DM.100 kg body weight-1.d-1. Supplemental silage decreased wheat forage (P less than .10) and bermudagrass (P less than .01) intake linearly. However, total forage intake of bermudagrass plus silage increased linearly (P less than .05). Each kilogram of added silage DM decreased DM intake of wheat forage by .66 +/- .25 and of bermudagrass by .63 +/- .17 kg. Flow and turnover of wheat forage or bermudagrass were not altered (P greater than .15) by supplemental silage. Silage consumption increased extent of ruminal degradation of wheat forage DM (P less than .05; 63.1 vs 52.5%), indicating a positive associative effect of silage on wheat forage utilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychometric properties of a brief self-reported health-related quality of life measure (HRQoL-IDD) for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Author(s): Pett, Marjorie A; Guo, Jia-Wen; Cardell, Beth; Johnson, Erin P; Guerra, Nichole; Clark, Lauren | Abstract: BackgroundTo encourage self-determination and address health disparities among persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, clinicians and researchers rely on self-reported measures like health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a theory-driven self-reported HRQoL measure for adults requiring mild to moderate support related to intellectual and developmental disabilities.Method224 volunteers completed 42 quality of life items developed with extensive input from persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, family members/caregivers, and providers. The 5-point Likert scale format with visual images of fluid-filled cups represented the range of responses.ResultsExploratory and Unrestricted Factor Analyses yielded 16 HRQoL items with 4 subscales: Functional Well-Being, Emotional Well-Being, Social Well-Being, and Healthy Decision-making. The HRQoL-IDD explained 62.8% of variance, had satisfactory internal consistency (0.73-0.83), stability of reponses, and reading level (2nd grade, ages 7-8).ConclusionsThe HRQoL-IDD is a promising measure of self-reported HRQoL for use in community-based settings for persons requiring mild to moderate support related to intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Hardiness and attitudes toward professional healthcare services: Implications for healthcare service utilization among Black American adults.

This study (N = 780) examines the indirect effects of hardiness—health locus of control (HLOC), health competence (HC), health value (HV)—on past-year healthcare provider visit via attitudes toward...
Comparison of cell stabilizing blood collection tubes for circulating plasma tumor DNA

Abstract Objectives Circulating plasma DNA is being increasingly used for biomedical and clinical research as a substrate for genetic testing. However, cell lysis can occur hours after venipuncture when using standard tubes for blood collection, leading to an increase in contaminating cellular DNA that may hinder analysis of circulating plasma DNA. Cell stabilization agents can prevent cellular lysis for several days, reducing the need for immediate plasma preparation after venipuncture, thereby facilitating the ease of blood collection and sample preparation for clinical research. However, the majority of cell stabilizing reagents have not been formally tested for their ability to preserve circulating plasma tumor DNA. Design & methods In this study, we compared the properties of two cell stabilizing reagents, the cell-free DNA BCT tube and the PAXgene tube, by collecting blood samples from metastatic breast cancer patients and measuring genome equivalents of plasma DNA by droplet digital PCR. We compared wild type PIK3CA genome equivalents and also assayed for two PIK3CA hotspot mutations, E545K and H1047R. Results Our results demonstrate that blood stored for 7 days in BCT tubes did not show evidence of cell lysis, whereas PAXgene tubes showed an order of magnitude increase in genome equivalents, indicative of considerable cellular lysis. Conclusions We conclude that BCT tubes can prevent lysis and cellular release of genomic DNA of blood samples from cancer patients when stored at room temperature, and could therefore be of benefit for blood specimen collections in clinical trials.
Developing a Program in Sociological Practice: Program Structure, Curriculum Design, and Professional Culture

A sociological practice program has much to offer an undergraduate sociology department that wishes to make itself more relevant to its students, university, and larger community. Reasons are explored for why a department might choose to transform its program from a more traditional liberals arts focus to that of sociological practice. A discussion of the programmatic content of a practice program, including structure, curriculum design, and professional culture, is detailed. The experience of Our Lady of the Lake University in developing its accredited undergraduate sociological practice program is offered as an example of program development.
The Prevention of Methotrexate Toxicity by Thymidine Infusions in Humans

Continuous i.v. thymidine (TdR) was given to 12 patients with metastatic cancer in an attempt to prevent methotrexate (MTX) toxicity. MTX was infused in 27 courses with progressive dose increase from 80 mg/sq m for 24 hr to 6 g/sq m for 72 hr. TdR at 8 g/sq m/day was infused concurrently and continued 24 to 48 hr beyond MTX infusion. The median pretreatment serum TdR level was 0.19 micron. With TdR infusion, the median level was 1.5 micronM. Serum TdR fell with a half-time of 8 to 10 min after a pulse dose or cessation of infusion. Spinal fluid TdR equaled serum TdR levels after 2 hr of infusion. Less than 2% of administered TdR appeared in urine. MTX serum levels were proportional to dose infused, ranging from 80 to 100 micronM with 2 g/sq m/day. The half-time for MTX clearance from serum was 4 to 8 hr. Spinal fluid MTX reached equilibrium at 3 to 12% of serum levels by 4 hr. Bone marrow dysfunction during MTX infusion was prevented by TdR as determined by labeling indices and cytofluorographic analyses. Toxicity was not seen in patients with normal MTX clearance using 48-hr infusions of MTX where TdR was continued for an additional 48 hr after the MTX infusion had ended. However, 3 of 6 courses of MTX at 6 g/sq m over 72 hr led to toxicity. Toxicity was reversible in 2 patients, 1 of whom was retreated with a similar dose duration of MTX without toxicity when TdR was continued beyond the end of the MTX infusion for 48 hr instead of the usual 24 hr. The 3rd patient with toxicity died of progressive disease and thrombocytopenia 19 days after treatment. No TdR-related toxicity or unusual MTX toxicity was detected. Antitumor effects were noted in 4 patients. TdR offers significant protection against MTX toxicity and deserves further clinical study.
Isolation and characterization of a Treponema pallidum major 60-kilodalton protein resembling the groEL protein of Escherichia coli.

Abstract A native structure containing the major 60-kilodalton common antigen polypeptide (designated TpN60) was isolated from Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols strain) through a combination of differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient sedimentation. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that this structure is a high-molecular-weight homo-oligomer of TpN60. Antisera to TpN60 reacted with the groEL polypeptide of Escherichia coli, as determined by immunoperoxidase staining of two-dimensional electroblots. Electron microscopy of the isolated complex revealed a ringlike structure with a diameter of approximately 16 nm which was very similar in appearance to the groEL protein. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of TpN60 with the deduced sequences of the E. coli groEL protein, related chaperonin proteins from mycobacteria and Coxiella burnetti, the hsp60 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the wheat ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase-subunit-binding protein (alpha subunit), and the human P1 mitochondrial protein indicated sequence identity at 8 of 22 to 10 of 22 residues (36 to 45% identity). We conclude that the oligomer of TpN60 is homologous to the groEL protein and related chaperonins found in a wide variety of procaryotes and eucaryotes and thus may represent a heat shock protein involved in protein folding and assembly.
Fast correspondence search algorithm for stereo vision range sensors

Perception of the environment in 3D has always been an important sensory input for machine vision applications. Stereo vision range sensors have been used for several decades to obtain 3D information of the scene. Still, the major issue involved in the stereo analysis of images is the correspondence problem. In this paper we consider the correspondence problem only for point clouds. The algorithm proposed is intended to solve the problem of the correlation of two point clouds. The clouds may have any rotation and translation to one another. Also a different amount of points within the two clouds are not a problem for the proposed algorithm. To solve the problem the graph theory is used. Simulations results are presented and at the end of the paper the application for a stereo vision 3D camera are demonstrated.
The Evolution of the U.S. International Trade Intermediary in the 1980s: A Dynamic Model

International trade intermediaries, such as export management companies, have long existed in the United States. Many studies and reports have provided “snapshots” of their activities and roles over time. Their evolution, however, has hardly been researched—mainly for lack of an appropriate dynamic model. This paper integrates various conceptual frameworks and theories to develop a useful mode of the evolution of the U.S. international trade intermediary in the 1980s.
Amino acid sequence studies on artiodactyl fibrinopeptides: II. Vicuna, elk, muntjak, pronghorn antelope, and water buffalo

Abstract Amino acid sequence studies have been conducted on the fibrinopeptides A and B of five additional artiodactyls, bringing to eighteen the number of specimens in this order which have been characterized. In addition, the nature of the blocked aminoterminal group in several previously reported fibrinopeptides in this group has been determined. Sufficient data are now at hand to conclude that the step-by-step changes in amino acid sequences of fibrinopeptides are generally consistent with classical taxonomic schemes, and harmonious, for the most part, with published genetic codes. One general reason for suspected discrepancies in these areas in earlier studies is that, on several occasions, the same amino acid replacements have occurred independently along different branches of the evolutionary tree.
A five stage chopper stabilized instrumentation amplifier using feedforward compensation

A programmable gain chopper stabilized instrumentation amplifier is presented. It uses a fifth order amplifier architecture with simulated open loop gain of 200 dB. It is the first reported silicon implementation of an amplifier using multipath feedforward compensation. The instrumentation amplifier achieves noise density of 7 nV/sqrt(Hz) and THD of -110 dB with 14 mW from a single 5 V supply. It is implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS and has an active area of 4 mm/sup 2/.
Examining Determinants of Efficacy Judgments as Factors in Health Promotion Message Design

Self-efficacy is a predictor of behavioral performance across a range of health domains, and research suggests that media messages can effectively boost efficacy; however, much is unknown regarding determinants of self-efficacy, and the message features with the greatest potential to alter efficacy perceptions. The authors of this article examined skill and motivation as determinants of efficacy and tested their effectiveness as message variables. Study 1 identified health behaviors that young adults felt unable to perform, as well as behavior barriers and facilitators. Study 2 isolated one behavior, exercise, and tested messages targeting either skill or motivation as a determinant of self-efficacy to exercise. Matched messages engendered greater general self-efficacy than unmatched messages, though no differences emerged on self-efficacy magnitude and strength measures. Follow-up data indicated that participants low in motivation exercised more than those low in skill regardless of message condition. Im...
MEMS-IDT-based accelerometers and gyroscopes

The integration of MEMS, IDTs (Interdigital Transducers) and required microelectronics and conformal antenna to realize a programmable accelerometers and gyroscopes suitable for inertial navigation is presented in this paper. This unique combination of technologies results in novel conformal sensors that can be remotely sensed by a RF system with the advantage of no power requirements at the sensor site. The sensors presented are simple in construction and easy to manufacture with existing silicon micromachining and stereo lithography techniques. Programmable sensors can be achieved with splitfinger interdigital transducers (IDTs) as reflecting structures. If IDTs are short-circuited or capacitively loaded, the wave propagates without any reflection whereas in an open circuit configuration, the IDTs reflect the incoming SAW signal. The programmable accelerometers and gyroscopes can thus be achieved by using an external circuitry on a semiconductor chip using hybrid technology.
Hip arthroscopy: Indications and technique

Hip arthroscopy has gained increasing popularity over the last two decades. Improvements in techniques and technology have aided in the expansion of the indications for hip arthroscopy. Common indications include loose bodies, labral tears, chondral lesions, synovial disease, septic arthritis, early degenerative arthritis, and ligamentum teres ruptures. However complications such as nerve injuries, pressure sores, instrument breakage, fluid extravasation, and iatrogenic intraarticular injuries do occur.
Evidence derived from HNO2 mutagenesis that only one of the two DNA strands injected by phage T4 transmits hereditary information to the progeny.

Abstract The size distribution of mutant clones in the progeny of T4D phages treated extracellularly with nitrous acid in order to induce mutations is investigated. The results of several single-burst experiments and plaque-picking experiments are presented. In each case a control using untreated phages was done in order to correct the data for spontaneous mutations, background mutations, and any other mutation source not related to the nitrous acid used as our mutagen. By a procedure described by Barricelli (1965) the mutant clone size distribution is used as a means to discriminate between the following two hypothetic alternatives: (1) the simplex hypothesis , holding that only one of the two DNA strands injected by a T4 phage into its host transmits hereditary information to the progeny; (b) the duplex hypothesis , holding that both injected DNA strands transmit their hereditary information to the progeny. The result is in good agreement with the simplex hypothesis and drastically different from the duplex hypothesis expectation. Furthermore, a set of predictions derived for the hypothetic case that the simplex hypothesis is correct for 80% of the phages and the duplex hypothesis for the remaining 20% of the phages do not fit the data as well as the plain simplex hypothesis predictions. The implications for the heteroduplex interpretation of T4 heterozygotes and the question whether the use of mutagenic agents or radiation may inhibit the transmission of hereditary information by one of the injected DNA strands, are discussed.
Detecting 'wrong blood in tube' errors: Evaluation of a Bayesian network approach

Objective: In an effort to address the problem of laboratory errors, we develop and evaluate a method to detect mismatched specimens from nationally collected blood laboratory data in two experiments. Methods: In Experiments 1 and 2 using blood labs from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and values derived from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) respectively, a proportion of glucose and HbA1c specimens were randomly mismatched. A Bayesian network that encoded probabilistic relationships among analytes was used to predict mismatches. In Experiment 1 the performance of the network was compared against existing error detection software. In Experiment 2 the network was compared against 11 human experts recruited from the American Academy of Clinical Chemists. Results were compared via area under the receiver-operator characteristic curves (AUCs) and with agreement statistics. Results: In Experiment 1 the network was most predictive of mismatches that produced clinically significant discrepancies between true and mismatched scores ((AUC of 0.87 (+/-0.04) for HbA1c and 0.83 (+/-0.02) for glucose), performed well in identifying errors among those self-reporting diabetes (N=329) (AUC=0.79 (+/-0.02)) and performed significantly better than the established approach it was tested against (in all cases p<.0.05). In Experiment 2 it performed better (and in no case worse) than 7 of the 11 human experts. Average percent agreement was 0.79 and Kappa (@k) was 0.59, between experts and the Bayesian network. Conclusions: Bayesian network can accurately identify mismatched specimens. The algorithm is best at identifying mismatches that result in a clinically significant magnitude of error.
Oxygen-17 NMR, Electronic, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Peroxo Complexes: Correlation with Reactivity.

The 17O NMR chemical shifts of several previously characterized mono- and diperoxo complexes of vanadium(V), molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), and titanium(IV) were measured. Compilation of NMR, electronic, and vibrational spectroscopic data and metric parameters for these and other complexes permits us to draw correlations among 17O peroxo chemical shift, the electronic charge transfer band, the O−O vibrational frequency, and the length of the oxygen−oxygen bond. Monoperoxo complexes exhibit 17O chemical shifts of 500−660 ppm, while those of diperoxo complexes fall in the range 350−460 ppm. The correlation of chemical shift with the inverse ligand-to-metal charge transfer energy from electronic spectra is consistent with a formalism developed by Ramsey, despite the variations in the metals, the number of peroxo ligands, and the nature of the remaining ligands in the coordination sphere. Vibrational frequency and length of the oxygen−oxygen bond also correlate with the inverse ligand-to-metal charge transfer ...
A new method to determine star formation histories of nearby galaxies

Abstract A new method for the study of the star formation histories of nearby galaxies with resolved stars is presented here. Rather than adopting traditional methods of creating synthetic color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) with various star formation histories, the approach taken is to create a set of CMDs which can be combined linearly to reproduce almost any star formation history, and use a numerical fit to solve the problem. In addition, a quantitative fit parameter for determining the similarity of an observed and a theoretical CMD is presented, along with a number of tests of this parameter. Finally, a rigorous test of the method is given.
Genomewide association study for susceptibility genes contributing to familial Parkinson disease.

Five genes have been identified that contribute to Mendelian forms of Parkinson disease (PD); however, mutations have been found in fewer than 5% of patients, suggesting that additional genes contribute to disease risk. Unlike previous studies that focused primarily on sporadic PD, we have performed the first genomewide association study (GWAS) in familial PD. Genotyping was performed with the Illumina HumanCNV370Duo array in 857 familial PD cases and 867 controls. A logistic model was employed to test for association under additive and recessive modes of inheritance after adjusting for gender and age. No result met genomewide significance based on a conservative Bonferroni correction. The strongest association result was with SNPs in the GAK/DGKQ region on chromosome 4 (additive model: p = 3.4 × 10−6; OR = 1.69). Consistent evidence of association was also observed to the chromosomal regions containing SNCA (additive model: p = 5.5 × 10−5; OR = 1.35) and MAPT (recessive model: p = 2.0 × 10−5; OR = 0.56). Both of these genes have been implicated previously in PD susceptibility; however, neither was identified in previous GWAS studies of PD. Meta-analysis was performed using data from a previous case–control GWAS, and yielded improved p values for several regions, including GAK/DGKQ (additive model: p = 2.5 × 10−7) and the MAPT region (recessive model: p = 9.8 × 10−6; additive model: p = 4.8 × 10−5). These data suggest the identification of new susceptibility alleles for PD in the GAK/DGKQ region, and also provide further support for the role of SNCA and MAPT in PD susceptibility.
Transformation of Hexachloroethane in a Sulfidic Natural Water

To investigate the roles that hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides could play as reductants in natural waters, reactions of hexachloroethane and pentachloroethane were examined in samples obtained from the anoxic hypolimnion of Lower Mystic Lake, MA. Experiments were conducted by monitoring the disappearance of pentachloroethane or hexachloroethane and appearance of reaction products; measured pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants for hexachloroethane were compared to predictions based on measured polysulfide and bisulfide concentrations and second-order rate constants. For pentachloroethane, 80% of the reaction could be attributed to abiotic dehydrohalogenation. An additional 9% resulted from abiotic reductive elimination to trichloroethylene. Reaction of hexachloroethane was predominately abiotic. At least 61% occurs via reductive elimination to tetrachloroethylene; a further 7−10% involves hydrogenolysis to pentachloroethane (indicative of a free-radical pathway). More than 20% of the observed hexach...
Transverse momentum distributions of hadrons

The study of hadron production in heavy ion collisions is essential to the search for effects beyond independent nucleon-nucleon collisions, for example the predicted phase transition to quark matter. Hadron distributions are known over a large range of transverse momenta for p-p collisions, so a careful study of the differences can be made. The transverse momentum distributions of hadrons may provide global information about p-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, such as the degree of thermalization achieved, and perhaps provide evidence for collective expansion of the highly excited central region. Comparison of the p{sub t} and transverse mass, m{sub t}, distributions of different hadronic species are crucial to extract this kind of information. Hadronic p{sub t} spectra show effects of the collision dynamics, such as hard scattering processes, and possibly rescattering of partons as well as of the formed hadrons. Such modifications have been observed in p-nucleus collisions, and can be expected to be important in nucleus-nucleus reactions. The spectral shape changes arising in this manner cause a background in efforts to extract global information from hadronic p{sub t} spectra. Lastly, there is an excess of pions observed at low p{sub t} in p-A and A-A collisions. the origin of these softmore » pions is not yet well understood. The phenomenon represents a major difference between p-p and nuclear collisions. 31 refs., 8 figs.« less
Acute cholecystitis from metastatic melanoma to the gall–bladder in a patient with a low–risk melanoma

Metastatic melanoma to the gall-bladder producing symptoms which mimic cholecystitis is an uncommon and unusual clinical presentation of metastatic disease. We present a case of a 40-year-old women who initially had a thin primary cutaneous melanoma, and later presented with acute abdominal pain which was diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. Pathological review of the gall-bladder revealed metastatic melanoma.
Low-Temperature Heat Capacities of Solid Argon and Krypton

The specific heats of high-purity argon and krypton have been measured between 0.4 and 12\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, permitting a reliable extrapolation to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The higher-temperature results are in agreement with those of Morrison et al., but for argon the extrapolation to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is not. At the lowest temperatures the heat capacities are represented by $\mathrm{C}=(\frac{12}{5}){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{4}R{(\frac{T}{{\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{0}})}^{3}$, with ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{0}=92.0$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for argon and 71.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for krypton. The apparatus and techniques are described, and the results are compared with theoretical estimates.
Supervised facial recognition based on multiresolution analysis with radon transform

A new supervised facial recognition approach based on the integration of Two Dimensional Discrete Multiwavelet Transform (2D DMWT), 2D Radon Transform (2D RT), and 3D DWT is proposed. In the feature extraction step, 2D DMWT is used to extract the useful information from the image. The extracted features are then aligned using 2D RT and localized in one single band using 3D DWT. The resulting features are fed into a Neural Network for both training and testing. The proposed algorithm is tested on different databases, namely, ORL, YALE, and subset fc of FERET. It is shown that the proposed approach can significantly improve the recognition rate and the storage requirements of the overall recognition system.
Metamorphosis of the marine gastropod Phestilla Sibogae Bergh (nudibranchia: aeolidacea). I. Light and electron microscopic analysis of larval and metamorphic stages

Abstract The structure and fate of transitory larval organs (velum, shell, operculum, retractor muscles, part of the epidermis) of Phestilla sibogae Bergh were studied before, during, and after metamorphosis with both light and electron microscopy to elucidate the morphology of these organs and the mechanisms by which they are lost. Loss of the velar lobes is the first morphological sign of metamorphosis, and involves selective dissociation and subsequent ingestion of the ciliated velar cells; the remaining aggregate of supportive cells is apparently incorporated into cephalic epidermis. Attachment of the larval body to shell and operculum is primarily at sites of retractor muscle insertions; once the velum is gone, the attachment between shell and larval body is lost and the shell is cast off as the visceral organs exit through the shell aperture. Merger of visceral and cephalopedal elements results in flattening of the postlarval body and reorientation of internal organs. Simultaneously, a rapid spreading of epipodial epidermis over the lateral, dorsal, and posterior sides of the body produces the definitive integument. The squamous cells which comprise the larval perivisceral epidermis are pushed ahead of the definitive epidermis and are seen shortly after the shell is cast as a constricted aggregate of cells on the posterior end of the body. Autolysis of the left and right retractor muscles begins during metamorphosis and no trace of them is left after 24 to 48 h. The metapodial mucous glands which hypertrophy before metamorphosis are also lost within 48 h following exit of the post larva from the shell. Metamorphosis produces a detorsion caused in part by muscular action and in part by continuing growth and development.
All-terrain vehicle injuries in children: injury patterns and prognostic implications.

Background All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents are common in children. Our purpose was to identify imaging patterns associated with ATV injuries in children.
Rapid Nucleolytic Degradation of the Small Cytoplasmic Y RNAs during Apoptosis

We have investigated the fate of the RNA components of small ribonucleoprotein particles in apoptotic cells. We show that the cytoplasmic Ro ribonucleoprotein-associated Y RNAs are specifically and rapidly degraded during apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mechanism. This is the first study describing the selective degradation of a specific class of small structural RNA molecules in apoptotic cells. Cleavage and subsequent truncation of Y RNAs was observed upon exposure of cells to a variety of apoptotic stimuli and were found to be inhibited by Bcl-2, zinc, and several caspase inhibitors. These results indicate that apoptotic degradation of Y RNAs is dependent on caspase activation, which suggests that the nucleolytic activity responsible for hY RNA degradation is activated downstream of the caspase cascade. The Y RNA degradation products remain bound by the Ro60 protein and in part also by the La protein, the only two proteins known to be stably associated with intact Ro ribonucleoprotein particles. The size of the Y RNA degradation products is consistent with the protection from degradation of the most highly conserved region of the Y RNAs by the bound Ro60 and La proteins. Our results indicate that the rapid abrogation of the yet unknown function of Y RNAs might be an early step in the systemic deactivation of the dying cell.
SU‐E‐I‐114: Clinical Ultrasound Transducer Degradation Effects on the Accuracy of Spectral Doppler Velocity Measurements

Purpose:UltrasoundDopplervelocity measurements are routinely used to determine the severity of a stenosis in the carotid, renal or peripheral arteries. The objective of this study is to investigate and demonstrate the relationship between Dopplervelocity measurements and transducer degradation conditions encountered in a clinical environment. Methods: Assessing transducer performance was accomplished using the First Call aPerio Test System transducer analyzer (Sonora Medical Systems, Longmont, CO). This system was used to conduct 1,145 semi‐annual transducer assessments at 7 clinical sites from September 2007 to February 2012 as part of a comprehensive quality control program. The results were evaluated to determine the degree of transducer degradation encountered in the clinical environment. A Siemens Acuson S2000 (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) ultrasound system was employed with the 1425A LE Doppler Flow System (Gammex, Middleton, WI) to determine Dopplervelocity measurements. A transducer fixation device was fabricated to provide accurate, repeatable velocity measurements.Transducers with the most severe degradation were evaluated by comparing velocity measurements to those without defects. Using several matched transducer pairs, simulated failure modes were tested. The Dopplermeasured time‐average mean (TAMn) and time‐average maximum (TAMx) velocities were obtained and reported. Results: This investigation found that 4.5% of the transducers surveyed during this 5‐year period of time failed at least one acceptance criteria. Many (346 or 30%) had at least one defect. Typical findings include dead elements, lens delamination, wire cuts, and capacitance shorts. Only the most severe transducer defects and degradation conditions resulted in a noticeable deviation in the velocity measurements. Simulated transducer degradation testing confirmed this finding. Conclusions: The relationship between Dopplervelocity measurements and transducer degradation conditions is limited, becoming significant for only the most severe degradation conditions. Based on our experience, this level of transducer degradation is rarely encountered in the clinical environment.
Das Boot and the German Cinema of Neoliberalism1

This essay reconsiders the international blockbuster Das Boot on the thirtieth anniversary of its release, arguing that the film played a pivotal role in the shift from the Autorenkino of the 1960s and 1970s to a new, market-driven producers' cinema with transnational appeal. My analysis reads Das Boot in the context of Deleuze's film theory, suggesting that Cinema can open up productive standpoints for examining popular cinema, but also pointing to some limitations of Deleuze's work for understanding the politics of commercial film today. Emphasizing the way Das Boot co-opts aesthetic and political strategies of art cinema, I focus especially on its representation of (trans)nationalism, gender, and sexuality. A highly popular film that has rarely been analyzed by scholars, Das Boot suggests that cultural formations have played a crucial role in the process of neoliberalization in Germany.
Modelling an ongoing design process utilizing top-down and bottom-up design strategies:

The product design process plays a central role in ensuring that new products are realized with improved quality, in a short lead-time and with costs kept to a minimum. It is identified that making decisions dynamically on how the design process should proceed is not trivial. A computational environment that aids dynamic decision making on the design process would be useful in ensuring successful design of new products. A key component of analysing and making decisions on the progression of the design process is a model that captures an ongoing design process. In this paper, an approach to modelling an ongoing design process is proposed based on the use of design nodes. The approach allows an ongoing design process to be modelled that facilitates dynamic decision making on how the design process should progress and accounts for the state of the design problem. The approach allows top-down and bottom-up design strategies to be modelled.
‘It is certainly strange…’: attacks on ethnic studies and whiteness as property

In 2010, Arizona passed legislation that attacked ethnic studies in k-12 (kindergarten to 12th grade). Specifically, Mexican American/Raza Studies (MARS) was targeted by the state Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI), and, in effect, would be eliminated by the Prohibited Courses; Discipline; Schools Law (Prohibited Courses Law). This study utilizes document and content analysis to examine both a letter written by the SPI calling for the elimination of MARS, and the text of the Prohibited Courses Law. Framing the work within critical race theory, these two documents work together to normalize and make property of whiteness in Arizona’s public schools, and re-create a hegemonic status quo. In addition, this study analyzes how MARS acts as a site of counter-hegemonic activity by scrutinizing customary discourses as presented in schools and curricula.
Effects of demographic factors and mental status on wechsler memory scale performance in a geriatric clinic sample

A sample of 114 geriatric clinic patients over the age of 64 were referred by primary‐care physicians secondary to memory complaints. All patients were administered the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE). Hierarchical multiple‐regression analyses using WMS total raw score as the dependent measure and age, education, and MMSE raw scores as predictors were conducted for the entire sample as well as for high‐scoring and low‐scoring MMSE groups within the sample. Age failed to predict a significant amount of WMS total score variance in any of the groups studied. General mental status (as measured by MMSE) was a significant predictor across all the groups. Education was a statistically significant predictor in the entire sample and in the low‐scoring MMSE group. Reasons for the observed patterns are discussed as they pertain to this special patient sample.
Clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction and delayed treatment-seeking behavior in blacks and whites

This study was designed to increase our understanding of the clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI) and the response to symptoms by patients with MI in order to improve the clinical management of MI. A comparative and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 132 patients over the age of 30 who were diagnosed with an acute MI. All subjects were recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire; a semistructured interview obtained information on delay time and the context at the onset of acute clinical symptoms; and medical record review was used to collect data on clinical characteristics. The questionnaires and interview were administered at 24 to 72 hr after admission, and the medical record was reviewed during hospitalization and after discharge. Black MI patients experienced symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue significantly more often than White MI patients. The mean prehospital delay time was also significantly longer for Black MI patients (p .05). Our findings indicate that Blacks more often experience atypical symptoms of MI and prolonged delays in seeking treatment for MI. Further exploration of the factors involved in delays and the relationships between types of symptoms and delay time are needed.
Spectral analysis of electrical activity in the prepyriform cortex of the cat

Abstract Electrodes were chronically implanted into the prepyriform cortex of adult cats. Recorded spontaneous activity of this structure was subjected to statistical spectral analysis with the aid of computers. The prepyriform output was examined by power spectrum analysis which revealed that the spectra of most cats could be characterized as unimodal with a dominant frequency component around 40 cycle/sec. Spectral analysis of simultaneous tracings from different parts of the prepyriform cortex disclosed that the dominant signal was similar at all recording loci and that a single record was representative of the cortex as a whole. Several samples of prepyriform activity were taken from six cats while they performed a simple learned food response. The dominant frequency component underwent measureable changes when an animal's behavior changed.
Fibrin glue as a non-invasive outpatient treatment for post-arthroscopic knee seromas

Post-surgical seromas and cysts have been reported across many surgical subspecialties including orthopaedics. Treatments include both invasive surgical approaches and more recently reported non-invasive techniques. Non-invasive approaches currently include compressive wrapping, vasopneumatic cryotherapy, and motion exercises. Persistent lesions have been treated with talc or doxycycline sclerodesis. This case presents a patient with a post-arthroscopic seroma that was treated with fibrin glue in an outpatient setting. Fibrin glue has not been reported in the post-arthroscopy outpatient setting to address cystic lesions. This case suggests a viable non-invasive treatment option for these lesions. Level of evidence V.
Living and Learning at the Intersection: Student Homelessness and Complex Policy Environments

In urban districts, homeless and highly mobile students are an important contributor to achievement disparities—and their numbers are rising. To date there has been little inquiry into how broader education and housing policies shape the schooling experiences of homeless and highly mobile families. Using semi-structured interviews with 132 key community stakeholders (parents, school social workers, other school staff, and community/service personnel) in one urban area, this study explored how families living at the policy intersection of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act and federal rehousing policies, such as the HEARTH Act, experience the schooling process. These policies have important impacts on students; the McKinney-Vento Act provides them with a range of supports while recent federal policies such as the HEARTH Act are shifting where and how they are living. Taking a policy perspective and drawing insights from Lin’s network theory of social capital, the findings suggest that these policies both independently and concomitantly shape families’ life opportunities. Implications for schools, communities, and scholars are addressed.
Dr. William Small: Echoes of a Quiet Life

How an obscure 18th century Scotsman brought science to the American colonies, helped to set in motion two great revolutions, and inspired his 20th century successor to think about history, science, and pedagogy in a fresh light.
Pulmonary Artery Balloon Counterpulsation for Right Ventricular Failure: II. Clinical Experience

The use of pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation (PABC) provided immediate salvage following cardiac surgical procedures in 2 patients with biventricular failure in whom inotropic drugs and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation did not provide sufficient support to allow weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Although both patients eventually died, the hemodynamic effectiveness of PABC was documented. The various clinical settings for right ventricular as well as biventricular failure are reviewed, the currently available options for treatment are summarized, and the directions for future laboratory investigation and possible clinical applications are presented.
Crosscutting techniques in program specification and analysis

We present three aspect-oriented constructs (formats, scopes, and defaults) that, in combination with a specification language based on abstract sets of objects, enable the modular application of multiple arbitrarily precise (and therefore arbitrarily unscalable) analyses to scalably verify data structure consistency properties in sizable programs. Formats use a form of field introduction to group together the declarations of all of the fields that together comprise a given data structure. Scopes and defaults enable the developer to state certain data structure consistency properties once in a single specification construct that cuts across the preconditions and postconditions of the procedures in the system. Standard approaches, in contrast, scatter and duplicate such properties across the preconditions and postconditions. We have implemented a prototype implementation, specification, analysis, and verification system based on these constructs and used this system to successfully verify a range of data structure consistency properties in several programs.Most previous research in the field of aspect-oriented programming has focused on the use of aspect-oriented concepts in design and implementation. Our experience indicates that aspect-oriented concepts can also be extremely useful for specification, analysis, and verification.
Quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei).

This study describes the vocal repertoire of the Guyanan golden rocket frog, Anomaloglossus beebei, a bromeliad specialist with biparental care. Using multivariate analyses of nine call properties, as well as the occurrence of nonlinear phenomena, three signal types were distinguished—advertisement, courtship, and aggressive calls. Although all three call types were composed of a short series of rapidly repeated pulses, advertisement calls were produced at higher amplitudes and had longer pulse durations than both courtship calls and aggressive calls. Courtship calls exhibited lower dominant frequencies than both advertisement and aggressive calls, which had similar dominant frequencies. Aggressive calls had more pulses per call, had longer intervals between calls, and occasionally contained one or two introductory pulses preceding the pulsed call. Several acoustic properties predicted aspects of the signaler’s body size and condition. Our study demonstrates the reliability of human observers to differentiate the multiple call types of A. beebei based on hearing calls and observing the social context in which they are produced under field conditions.
Numerical integration of stochastic differential equations: weak second-order mid-point scheme for application in the composition PDF method

In this paper, a weak second-order accurate mid-point scheme for the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) arising in the composition PDF method for turbulent reactive flows is proposed and tested. The results are compared with two other schemes which are commonly used in the composition PDF method. In contrast to most higher-order schemes for SDEs, the present scheme uses a mid-point, which makes it especially suitable for the implementation of the position-advance fractional step in the composition PDF method. The scheme can also be applied to the PDF method used in conjunction with large eddy simulation (LES), since the SDEs considered in this paper include explicit time dependence of the drift and diffusion coefficients. Test calculations are reported, including a 2D unsteady case, to demonstrate the weak second-order accuracy of the scheme and to compare its performance to that of two first-order schemes. A new methodology for developing higher-order scheme for SDEs (by comparing the moments of the increments of the numerical approximation with those of the exact increments) is used to develop this scheme.
Macintosh user group report

Hardware A number of attendees expressed interest in the justannounced new Macintosh computers. Several people reported on their experiences with them. There seemed to be general agreement that the Classic is underpowered for lab and faculty use, although it is popular among students because of its price. The Mac IIsi may be a popular lab computer once its hardware is better understood. The LC is seen as a replacement for some Apple II equipment in some situations and as a good solution to the color problem. The SE/30 remains a good choice for those individuals needing fast computation and transportability but who have little interest in external interfaces. Large-screen-display equipment was ofconsiderable interest. The new "top of the line" seems to be the Sony SuperData, an extremely high-quality color video projector. It takes Macintosh output and sells for around $14,000. Other projection equipment noted included the Kodak: Datashow overhead projector unit-although suitable for text and classroom use, its LCD display is far too slow for most research applications. The Proxima large-screen monochrome display was rated as good by one experienced user. It works fine with the Mac II line, but it requires an adapter card. Someone reported seeing information on a Mac II card that produced a standard video output signal that could be processed through an ordinary VCR. There was a question raised on tape-backup units. No one had any particular experience to report; MacWorld