cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E2, M1 Multipole mixing ratios in nuclei with A ≤ 57

Abstract Experimental values of E2, M1 multipole mixing ratios of gamma rays in nuclei with A ≤ 57 are surveyed. The survey is based on angular distribution and correlation data from the literature which are analyzed with special attention to a consistent choice of the phase relationship between the E2, and M1 multipole matrix elements. The survey includes data available in the literature up to December 1977.
Glomerular localization of intravenous Alcian blue

The anatomical and histological picture following intravenous injections of several concentrations of aqueous solutions of Alcian Blue has been described. Alcian Blue granules can be found in all cases within the reticulo-endothelial cells of the body in lungs, spleen, liver and bone marrow and in the kidney. The greatest concentration of the dye is found within the renal glomeruli. It is in such concentration as to enable one to see individual glomeruli with the 10 × magnification of the dissecting microscope. On high power (950 ×) the dye can be seen as granules within the endothelial cells and podocytes of the glomerulus, as well as in the cells of the glomerular stalk. No Alcian Blue has been identified within the macula densa. Certain difficulties due to the solubility of the dye in sections are mentioned. Present means of meeting them are covered. Also discussed are follow-up studies being undertaken and possible implications of the procedure.
Using Music Videos to Enhance Empathy in Counselors-in-Training.

Counselor empathy is recognized as a fundamental aspect of the counseling process. In addition, a counselor's ability to empathize with clients is associated with positive counseling outcomes. Counselor educators utilize various strategies when teaching empathy to counselors-in-training. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of music videos as a tool to enhance empathy among counselors-in-training. More specifically, this manuscript will (a) review strategies used for empathy development in counselors-in-training, (b) present support for using expressive techniques in empathy training, and (c) describe the use of music videos in empathy training, including the application of a music video that is appropriate for counselors-in-training.
INTERACTING JETS IN A FLUIDISED BED

Abstract This work extends the Pitot-tube probe technique to the study of jetting phenomena in a three-dimensional, high-temperature gas-solid fluidized bed. For an isolated jet, the jet height was defined as the intersection of two momentum flux profiles, one along the jet axis and the other in the emulsion phase. A study of two adjacent jets confirmed that the measured jet heights were close to the visual jet heights observed through a window in the bed. In two adjacent jets, the jets behave like two isolated jets at low nozzle velocities. As the nozzle velocity increases, the jet heights reach a maximum height in the transition zone. The jets begin to interact after the transition zone, and the jet height becomes a constant. Similar results are obtained for two kinds of perforated-plate distributors. The maximum jet height for multiple, interacting jets is a function only of distributor geometry and is well predicted by a simple geometric model.
Sensors and control of a space-based six-axis vibration isolation system

A study of several critical aspects of six-axis hexapods used for space-based vibration isolation is conducted. These issues include the choice of sensor and subsequent control architecture, the predictability and limitations of the experimental system dynamics and therefore the ultimate robustness of the design, and the achievement of performance and robustness requirements for future space-based interferometers. The cross-axis dynamics, which is a limiting factor in achievable performance, is shown to be dependent on the internal wiring of the struts. A two-sensor control architecture is shown to be the only sensor suite to meet the performance and robustness requirements of future interferometers. Many of the insights in this paper are derived from experimental evidence of a full, six-axis hexapod system.
Modeling and Reduction of Shocks on Electronic Components Within a Projectile

Electronic components within a projectile are subjected to severe loads over an extremely short duration during the launch process. Failure of these components during launch can result in negative effects on the mission of the projectile. While experimental data can be helpful in understanding failure of electronic components within a projectile, collecting such data are usually difficult. There are also limitations on the reliability of sensors under these circumstances. Finite element modeling (FEM) can offer a means to better understand the behavior of these components. It can also be used to develop better shock mitigation features into the projectile design. This research has two objectives. The first objective is to develop an FEM that one describes the interaction of a typical projectile with the gun barrel during launch. The projectile includes a payload of a one-pound mass representing a typical electronic package supported by a plate. The second objective of this work is to investigate the use of composite plates to support electronic payload as a means to reduce the transmitted shocks during the projectile launch event. The proposed plate has carbon fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix. A parametric study of the effects of varying the thickness of the supporting plate and the fiber volume fraction on the accelerations and stresses is included. Results of the study are used to reach general recommendations regarding reducing failure of electronic components within a projectile.
Permian corals of Timor (Rugosa and Tabulate): history of collection and study

The modern history of collection and study of corals in the Permian strata of Timor began in 1911,with a German expedition (J.Wanner, leader) and a Dutch expedition (H. Molengraaff, leader) to collect Permian and Triassic fossils in the colony of Netherlands Timor, and with a survey by the Swiss geologist F. Weber the same year in Portuguese Timor, the eastern portion of the island. Later expeditions led by Jonker (1916) and Brouwer (1937), both of the Netherlands, greatly increased already huge collections of fossils and additionally, understanding of the island's geology. Monographic studies of these coral collections by Gerth (1921), Koker (1924), Schindewolf (1942), Hehenwarter (1951) and Schouppe & Stacul (1955, 1959) have much enhanced the systematic value of these fossil corals, both Rugosa and Tabulata. Locality information and maps containing collecting localities are somewhat scattered (Wanner 1931, Burck 1923, Marez Oyens 1940, Van Bemmelen 1949), but are summarized here. A list of all valid sp...
Legislative Politics in Connecticut.

Although there is a voluminous literature on the organization and procedure of state legislatures, material on their politics is relatively sparse. The classic work of A. Lawrence Lowell, now more than a half-century old, still appears to be the chief reliance of scholars in the field.' Lowell's thesis was that parties were relatively insignificant in state legislatures; virtually the whole of the subsequent literature agrees with this.2 In the case of the Connecticut legislature, it would seem that parties, far from being relatively insignificant, play a dominating role.3
Submicrosecond speed optical coherence tomography system design and analysis using acousto-optics

We introduce a novel high speed no moving parts optical coherence tomography (OCT) system that acquires sample data at less than a microsecond/data point sampling rate. The basic principle of the proposed OCT system relies on using an acousto-optic deflector (AOD). This OCT system has the attractive features of an acousto-optic scanning heterodyne interferometer coupled with an acousto-optic variable optical delay line (ODL) operating in a reflective mode. Fundamentally, OCT systems use a broadband light source for high axial resolution inside the sample or living tissue under examination. Inherently, acousto-optic (AO) devices are Bragg-mode wavelength sensitive elements. In this paper, we identify that Bragg cell generated two beams naturally have an unbalanced and orthogonal spectrum with respect to each other. This mismatch in spectrums in turn violates the ideal auto-correlation condition for a high signal-to-noise ratio broadband interferometric sensor such as OCT. We solve this fundamental limitation of Bragg cell use for OCT by deploying a new interferometric architecture where the two interfering beams have the same power spectral profile over the bandwidth of the broadband source. With the proposed acousto-optic based system, high (e.g., MHz) intermediate frequency can be generated for low 1/f noise heterodyne detection. System issues such as resolution, number of axial scans, and delay-path selection time are addressed. Experiments described demonstrate our high speed acousto-optically tuned OCT system where optical delay lines can be selected at sub-microsecond speeds.
Theory of oscillatory oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum

It is shown that the finite rate of decay for temperature fluctuations of the catalytic surface in the Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction: 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2 over Pt can give rise to a self-sustained oscillatory regime. The waveforms and periods are in good qualitative agreement with experiments by Dauchot and Van Cakenberghe.
A high-order, fully coupled, upwind, compact discontinuous Galerkin method for modeling of viscous fingering in compressible porous media

Abstract We present a new approach for high-fidelity compressible porous media simulations. Our method is based on a fully coupled, upwind, high-order discontinuous Galerkin formulation of the equations of miscible displacement transport. A key feature of the proposed method is the high level of flexibility to compute complex subsurface geometries, maintaining full order of accuracy. The present formulation solves pressure and transport equations in a fully coupled fashion and, as a result, can capture the strong interaction between pressure and concentrations of injected components in highly compressible media. The proposed method also shows very low sensitivity to mesh orientation, in contrast with classical finite volume approximations used in porous media flow simulations. The robustness and accuracy of the method are demonstrated in a number of challenging compressible and incompressible multiphase flow problems. Numerical simulations also reveal interesting phenomena associated with high pore compressibility, such as the reduction of the growth rate of viscous fingers and the alteration of flow patterns near impermeable obstacles. Additional computations performed with an anisotropic permeability tensor reveal that, somewhat against intuition, viscous fingers have a preferential growth along the direction of low permeability.
Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties

We investigate second-harmonic generation, low-threshold multistability, all-optical switching, and inherently nonlocal effects due to the free-electron gas pressure in an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial slab made of cylindrical, plasmonic nanoshells illuminated by TM-polarized light. Damping compensation in the ENZ frequency region, achieved by using gain medium inside the nanoshells' dielectric cores, enhances the nonlinear properties. Reflection is inhibited, and the electric field component normal to the slab interface is enhanced near the effective pseudo-Brewster angle, where the effective $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ condition triggers a nonresonant, impedance-matching phenomenon. We show that the slab displays a strong effective, spatial nonlocality associated with leaky modes that are mediated by the compensation of damping. The presence of these leaky modes then induces further spectral and angular conditions, where the local fields are enhanced, thus opening new windows of opportunity for the enhancement of nonlinear optical processes.
A density-integral approach to estimating stem biomass

Abstract An alternative to ratio models for predicting bole dry weight of wood, given diameter at breast height, total tree height and limits of utilization, is presented. A generalized density-integral model is developed on the basis of some simple calculus of mass theory. To demonstrate the application and efficacy of this new integral approach, specific equations are developed for slash pine in the West Gulf Coast of the United States. These integrated equations, when compared with weight-ratio equations, gave more precise estimates of sectional bole weight.
Specific heat of CeRhIn5: Pressure-driven evolution of the ground state from antiferromagnetism to superconductivity

Measurements of the specific heat of antiferromagnetic CeRhIn{sub 5}, to 21 kbar, and for 21 kbar to 70 kOe, show a discontinuous change from an antiferromagnetic ground state below 15 kbar to a superconducting ground state above, and suggest that it is accompanied by a weak thermodynamic first-order transition. Bulk superconductivity appears, apparently with d-wave electron pairing, at the critical pressure, 15 kbar; with further increase in pressure a residual temperature-proportional term in the specific heat disappears.
Effect of laser bandwidth on intense-field Raman scattering

We consider the effect of finite bandwidth of a strong pump field on the stimulated Raman scattering and the stimulated fluorescence due to a weak probe beam. When a decorrelation approximation is valid, it is possible to express the resulting scattering in terms of simple convolution integrals with the strong-field intensity spectrum.
Sorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Fabric

A commercial carbon fabric intended for aerospace applications was characterized as an activated carbon, since it had sufficient surface area and pore volume to warrant such consideration. Evaluation was achieved by means of nitrogen sorption (BET method), mercury porosimetry, sorption of CCl4 vapor, density in water and helium, and sorption of Meth ylene Blue from aqueous solution. The carbon textile appeared to be most suitable for gas and vapor sorption, but a signifi cant capacity for liquid phase sorption was also demonstrated.
DYNAMIC HALF FOURIER ACQUISITION, SINGLE SHOT TURBO SPIN-ECHO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR EVALUATING THE FEMALE PELVIS

Purpose: We assessed the merit of dynamic half Fourier acquisition, single shot turbo spin-echo sequence T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating pelvic organ prolapse and all other female pelvic pathology by prospectively correlating clinical with imaging findings.Materials and Methods: From September 1997 to April 1998, 100 consecutive women 23 to 88 years old with (65) and without (35) pelvic organ prolapse underwent half Fourier acquisition, single shot turbo spin-echo sequence dynamic pelvic T2-weighted MRI at our institution using a 1.5 Tesla magnet with phased array coils. Mid sagittal and parasagittal views with the patient supine, relaxed and straining were obtained using no pre-examination preparation or instrumentation. We evaluated the anterior vaginal wall, bladder, urethra, posterior vaginal wall, rectum, pelvic floor musculature, perineum, uterus, vaginal cuff, ovaries, ureters and intraperitoneal organs for all pathological conditions, including pelvic prolapse. Patients...
Gustation Genetics: Sweet Gustducin!

Two recent studies, the second of which is reported herein, provide evidence that genetic variation in the sweet receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and the second messenger, gustducin (GNAT3), affect the ability of people to correctly sort ascending concentrations of sucrose. These findings raise questions about how variation in the TAS1R3 and GNAT3 gene shape the human sweet tooth and its unwelcome consequences, diabetes and obesity.
Pedi-pack transfusion in a newborn intensive care unit

Two hundred and ninety-one transfusions using 221 pediatric frozen red blood cell packs (Pedi-Packs) were given to 141 newborn babies and infants in the newborn intensive care unit. In 18 patients, 47 transfusions were studied for transfusion and clinical characteristics. Two possible hemolytic episodes are described in detail and remain unexplained. Blood loss for laboratory tests was found to average 3.1 ml/kg per day spent in the newborn intensive care unit. The rise in hematocrit was found to be excellent. Overall, the transfusion of thawed pediatric red blood cell packs was found to be convenient, safe and effective. Because of pretesting possibilities with the use of this source of red blood cells, one of the problems associated with a walking donor program is eliminated.
Evidence for Population Differentiation in the Bog Buckmoth of New York State

Abstract Hemileuca maia (Bog Buckmoth; Saturniidae) is a rare, ecologically unique variant of the Hemileuca maia complex known only from ten wetlands in the Great Lakes region of North America. The Bog Buckmoth's status as a threatened taxon meriting conservation has been subject to a debate largely centered on its degree of evolutionary isolation and species status. We studied the genetic variation of two New York Bog Buckmoth populations using amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLP). Bayesian clustering analysis identified two genetically distinct population clusters, with membership that did not coincide consistently with the two sampled populations. There appears to be either historical or contemporary gene flow between Bog Buckmoth populations, with the results suggesting either dispersal between the two sampled populations or contributions from a third unsampled population. Genetic diversity levels were similar. These findings argue for the utility of population-level analyses of Bog Buckmoth...
Online Presentations of Research on Adult Literacy: government websites as learning spaces

This article presents a review of seven national governments' online collections of adult literacy-related research. This study explored the type of learning associated with official web spaces by asking the following research questions: (1) What kind of research do these governments present on their websites? (2) How is the presentation organized? (3) What opportunities for learning do these spaces provide? Clear differences emerged in the type of research presented and in how it was organized. Sites varied in the way they presented opportunities to learn, which was suggestive of underlying differences in how the research base was being conceptualized.
Differential expression of PHLDA1 (TDAG51) in basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma.

Summary Background A recent small series demonstrated perfect sensitivity and specificity utilizing immunostaining for PHLDA1, a marker of follicular stem cells, in the distinction of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and morphoeiform basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in small biopsy specimens. Objectives To assess this result more broadly. Methods We performed immunoperoxidase staining of BCCs (superficial n = 16, nodular n = 15, micronodular n = 15, infiltrative n = 17, morphoeiform n = 16, infundibulocystic n = 14) and trichoepitheliomas (conventional n = 19, desmoplastic n = 16) with PHLDA1. Results Morphoeiform BCCs typically lacked PHLDA1 staining (88% demonstrated no staining and 12% of cases had staining in < 25% of the tumour), while in contrast 74% of classical and 88% of desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas demonstrated strong PHLDA1 staining in over half of the tumour. However, micronodular BCCs demonstrated focal to diffuse positive staining in a third of the cases. Conclusions Based upon our staining results, we discuss the biological significance of PHLDA1 expression and the limits in its diagnostic utility.
Daily variation in chemical characteristics of urban ultrafine aerosols and inference of their sources.

A summer air quality monitoring campaign focusing on daily variation of ultrafine (<180 nm in diameter) particle chemical characteristics was conducted in a typical urban site in Los Angeles during June-July 2006. Ultrafine particles (UFP) were collected weekly for two 3 h periods each day, oneto capture the morning commute (06:00-09:00 PDT) (Pacific Daylight Time) and one to investigate photochemically altered particles (13:00-16:00 PDT). Samples were analyzed for ionic compounds, metals, trace elements, elemental carbon, and organic carbon. In addition, measurements of individual organic species and their variation with time of day at the urban site wereconducted. The relative abundances of alkanes, PAH, and hopanes in the morning denote a strong influence of commute traffic emissions on ultrafine particle concentrations. By contrast, afternoon concentrations of oxygenated organic acids and sulfate rose, while other species were diluted by increased mixing height or lost due to increasing temperature. These are clear indicators that secondary photochemical reactions are a major formation mechanism of ultrafine aerosols in the afternoon. The concentrations of organic species originating from vehicular emissions measured in this study compare favorably to those from freeway-adjacent measurements by using CO2concentrations to adjust for dilution, demonstrating the effectiveness ofthis tool for relating sites affected by vehicular emissions.
Gelatin-Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Network with pH-Sensitive Swelling and Enzyme-Degradable Properties for Oral Drug Delivery

AbstractThe study examined the effect of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) molecular weight and concentration in a gelatin-PEO semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) on the swelling behavior and enzyme-induced degradation in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) at 37°C. Gelatin-PEO semi-IPN with PEO of molecular weight 1,000,000 daltons (1.0 M) at 20% (w/w) concentration had a higher swelling ratio in SGF as compared to SIF. In addition, the pH-sensitive swelling behavior was influenced by the concentration of incorporated PEO of 1.0 M molecular weight in the semi-IPN. The time required for complete hydrogel degradation in pepsin-containing SGF and pancreatin-containing SIF by surface erosion was also dependent on the molecular weight and concentration of PEO. Complete degradation of control gelatin hydrogels in SIF occurred in 2 hr. In contrast, complete degradation of gelatin-PEO semi-IPN in pancreatin-containing SIF occurred in less than 1 hr. Although n...
Printable Yagi antenna with closely spaced elements

A two-element, planar Yagi antenna with closely spaced elements is reported. Multiple folding in the driver is used to boost up the low radiation resistance due to the close spacing between the driver and the director. The antenna dimensions are first optimized in wire form and then transferred into a printed version on PET film. A prototype planar monopole Yagi is built and measured at 1 GHz. The maximum realized gain of the antenna on 50-μm PET film is measured to be 9.56 dB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2106–2109, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22660
The QRS complex--a biomarker that "images" the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction.

The QRS complex—a biomarker that “images” the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction David G. Strauss, BA, Ronald H. Selvester, MD⁎ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Memorial Hospital Research Center, Long Beach, CA, USA Received 2 June 2008
Development of the Catecholamine Innervation of the Supraoptic Nucleus in the Brattleboro Rat

The ontogenetic development of the noradrenergic innervation of the supraoptic nucleus was studied in the Brattleboro rat at late postcoital and early postnatal ages. This genetic mutant offers a useful model for analysis of neuronal development because of the absence of a specific peptide component of identifiable target neurons and has been used presently to eliminate the possibility that such substances are essential for the establishment of normal connectivity during postnatal development. In this model, catecholamine varicosities were seen in juxtaposition to vasopressin-deficient perikarya during the initial phases of postnatal development, but these varicosities gradually decreased in number suggesting the possibility that the target neuron peptide, or some functional aspect of the neuron, may be necessary for the normal maintenance of this neuronal interaction.
Diagnosis and management of opacified silicone intraocular lenses in patients with asteroid hyalosis

We analyzed 3 calcified silicone IOLs from 2 patients with a history of asteroid hyalosis. In both cases, posterior capsule opacification had been diagnosed and a laser capsulotomy performed before referral. Subsequently, both IOLs were exchanged with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs that were placed in the sulcus. The IOL exchange was challenging due to the open capsule. Light microscopy demonstrated that the white deposits on the explanted IOLs formed an almost confluent crust in some areas, interspersed with clear areas on the posterior optic surfaces. The findings in our cases and in other reported cases may affect the choice of IOL in the presence of asteroid hyalosis. Also, ophthalmologists may consider deferring laser posterior capsulotomy treatment in a calcified silicone IOL to facilitate an IOL exchange procedure. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Therapy of cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which is 2–3 times more common than systemic lupus erythematosus, is an entity frequently encountered by dermatologists. While most patients will respond well to standard therapies, including photoprotection, topical steroids and antimalarials, a minority of patients have refractory disease that is challenging to treat. There is a paucity of data in the literature to aid the clinician in determining which therapies to employ in treating these difficult patients. This review will discuss the available therapies, the data supporting their use and the authors’ own experience, in order to help guide the practitioner and to highlight the need for more clinical research in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Measure-adaptive state-space construction

Measure-adaptive state-space construction is the process of exploiting symmetry in high-level model and performance measure specifications to automatically construct reduced state-space Markov models that support the evaluation of the performance measure. This paper describes a new reward variable specification technique, which, combined with recently developed state-space construction techniques, will allow us to build tools capable of measure-adaptive state-space construction. That is, these tools will automatically adapt the size of the state space to constraints derived from the system model and the user-specified reward variables. The work described in this paper extends previous work in two directions. First, standard reward variable definitions are extended to allow symmetry in the reward variable to be identified and exploited. Then, symmetric reward variables are further extended to include the set of path-based reward variables described in earlier work. In addition to the theory, several examples are introduced to demonstrate these new techniques.
Nitrogen saturation and soil N availability in a high-elevation spruce and fir forest

A field study was conducted during the summer of 1995 to gain abetter understanding of the causes of nitrate (NO3-N)leaching and ongoing changes in soil nitrogen (N) availabilityin high-elevation (1524–2000 m) spruce (Picea rubens) andfir (Abies fraseri) forests of the Great Smoky MountainsNational Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, U.S.A. Indicatorsof soil N availability (total soil N concentrations,extractable NH4-N, extractable NO3-N, and C/N ratios)were measured in Oa and A horizons at 33 study plots. Dynamicmeasures included potential net soil N mineralization determinedin 12-week aerobic laboratory incubations at 22 °C.Potential net nitrification in the A horizon was correlated (r =+0.83, P < 0.001) with total soil N concentrations. Mostmeasures of soil N availability did not exhibit significanttrends with elevation, but there were topographic differences.Potential net soil N mineralization and net nitrification in theA horizon were higher in coves than on ridges. Relative amountsof particulate and organomineral soil organic matter influencedpotential net N mineralization and nitrification in the Ahorizon. Calculations indicate that soil N availability andNO3-N leaching in high-elevation spruce and fir forests ofthe Great Smoky Mountains National Park will increase inresponse to regional warming.
First trimester surgical abortion practices: a survey of National Abortion Federation members.

Abstract Background The objective of this analysis was to assess the second-trimester surgical abortion practices of National Abortion Federation (NAF) members in North America and Australia. Study Design In 2002, questionnaires were mailed to 364 active member clinics of NAF for completion by their clinic administrators and individual providers. Results Two hundred eighty-nine (79%) clinics responded. Most NAF clinics (72%) offer second-trimester abortion services. The majority of second-trimester providers are obstetrician/gynecologists (63%), male (62%) and at least 50 years old (63%). We describe second-trimester surgical abortion practices in terms of patient eligibility, cervical ripening, ultrasound use, anesthesia and postoperative care. Conclusions Surgical techniques and postoperative practices for second-trimester abortions are similar among these respondents, suggesting that NAF's efforts to promulgate best practices using evidence-based guidelines are succeeding. The aging of skilled practitioners raises concerns about the future availability of second-trimester abortion.
Climatic selection on body colour in the land snail Theba pisana (Pulmonata: Helicidae)

Eighty-one samples of the land snail Theba pisana were collected from 34 localities throughout its natural Mediterranean, western European and north African coastal distribution and from introduced populations in Western Australia and California. The colour intensity (a score of relative darkness) of the mantle collar, which is visible while the snail is retracted into its shell, was scored by matching to a colour atlas. Despite much within-population variation, among-population variation was significantly related to mean daily maximum temperature of the hottest month, as recorded at nearby meteorological stations. Climatic selection favouring pale colour in hot places is probably responsible for the association.
Some treatment planning considerations for 103Pd and 125I permanent interstitial implants.

Abstract Sealed sources of palladium-103 (103Pd), which decay with a half life of 17 days and emit on average 21 keV photons, are now in clinical use for permanent implants. For seed implantation of prostatic cancer, 103Pd implants are usually planned to deliver 115 Gy to full decay at an initial dose rate of 19.7 cGy/hr whereas 125I implants are usually planned to deliver 160 Gy at an initial dose rate of 7.72 cGy/hr. Because of the lower energy of photons emitted by 103Pd compared to the 125I sources (27 keV average energy), the tissue attenuation is more severe for 103Pd sources. The radial dose function drops more steeply with distance from the 103Pd sources compared to the 125I sources, raising a concern about the possibility of cold spots in the tumors implanted with 103Pd sources. To investigate this issue, a detailed analysis of the dependence of dose uniformity as a function of seed spacing for 125I and 103Pd sources in various cubic and spherical configurations was carried out. Using the measured single source dosimetry data as input, dose distributions for a variety of cubic and spherical implants were generatled on a computerized treatment planning system. This study indicates that relative dose distributions for 125I and 103Pd implants with the same geometric configuration and number of seeds are very similar inside the implanted volume for implants. Dose uniformity within a target volume implanted with 103Pd seeds is also very similar to'ithat for 125I. To expedite clinical implementation of 103Pd an atlas of dose distributions for 103Pd implants has been produced for various seed configurations, seed spacings, and target volumes. Using 125I implants as a guideline,; clinical procedures for planning of 103Pd implants have been developed. It was found that the total source strength implanted divided by the dimension of the implant can be expressed as an exponential function of implant size, resulting in a simple method for estimating the strength of seeds necessary in an implant. Also, the air kerma strength l of 103Pd seeds is about 3.3 times that of 1251 sources in an implant with the same geometric configuration and number of seeds, provided treatment doses of 115 Gy and 160 Gy are chosen for 103Pd and 125I implants, respectively.
Cure profiles, crosslink density, residual stresses, and adhesion in a model epoxy

The influence of network chemical composition and cure conditions in a model epoxy system was investigated. Addition of 1,4-butanediol to a bisphenol-F epoxy resin cured with 4-methyl-2-phenyl imidazole led to a decrease in the modulus and glass transition temperature, which resulted in lower residual stresses. Moisture uptake increased with the addition of 1,4-butanediol and is associated with an increase in the free volume of the epoxy. However, even with greater moisture uptake, the addition of 1,4-butanediol to the epoxy increased its adhesion to quartz, primarily through lower residual stress in the samples and increased energy dissipation on debonding. Differences in residual stress for different cure conditions were not measurable in these systems. However, increasing the cure time increased the adhesion of the epoxy to quartz.
A Fast and Robust Content-based Publish/Subscribe Architecture

We present cluster-based publish/subscribe, a novel architecture that is not only resilient to event broker failures but also provides load balancing and fast event dissemination service. Our proposed approach achieves fault tolerance by organizing event brokers in clusters. Multiple inter-cluster links provide continuous availability of dissemination service in presence of broker failure without requiring subscription retransmission or reconstruction of broker overlay. Furthermore, the proposed architecture provides a fast event dissemination infrastructure that significantly reduces subscription and publication dissemination traffic and load on event brokers. Our experimental results show that even in the presence of failures in broker network, event dissemination is not interrupted and dissemination speed and load are significantly improved compared to the existing approached.
PRESENTATION OF THE HARRELL L. STRIMPLE AWARD OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY TO WESLEY C. WEHR

The week before Wes Wehr received the Harrell L. Strimple Award, an article appeared in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer with the headline: “Wes Wehr: Artist, Writer, Paleobotanist.” The night before the award luncheon, the Washington State Museum, commonly called the Burke, held a party in Wes's honor. The party was attended by artists, art historians, critics, carvers, art museum curators and directors, musicians, writers, poets, anthropologists, librarians, archivists, students, a state representative, and not a few paleontologists. It is fair to say that throughout his career, Wes has been an exporter of paleontology, and we are all the better for it. Wes was born in Everett, Washington, in 1929 and was trained as a classical music composer. Quiet and curious by nature, he collected agates and the signatures of interesting people. His requests for a signature sometimes grew into …
Multidimensional infrared spectroscopies of peptides; Design and control of coherence

Design principles for multiple pulse infrared spectroscopies which draw upon the analogy with NMR are developed. Novel multicolor vibrational analogs of heteronuclear NMR and the COSY, NOESY and HMQC techniques are simulated and new resonances are predicted.
Band-gap engineering in amorphous/microcrystalline Sc x Ga 1-x N.

Reactive sputtering was used to grow thin films of ScxGa1-xN with scandium concentrations of 20%-70% on quartz substrates at temperatures of 300-675 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the films showed either weak or no structure, suggesting the films are amorphous or microcrystalline. Optical absorption spectra were taken of each sample and the optical band gap was determined. The band gap varied linearly with increasing Ga concentration between 2.0 and 3.5 eV. Ellipsometry was used to confirm the band gap measurements and provide optical constants in the range 250-1200 nm. ScN and GaN have different crystal structures (rocksalt and wurzite, respectively), and thus may form a heterogeneous mixture as opposed to an alloy. Since the XRD data were inconclusive, bilayers of ScN/GaN were grown and optical absorption spectra taken. A fundamental difference in the spectra between the bilayer films and alloy films was seen, suggesting the films are alloys, not herterogeneous mixtures.
Abstract LB-204: Matrix metalloproteinase-10 is required for lung cancer stem cell maintenance, tumor initiation and metastatic potential

Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (Mmp10; stromelysin 2) is a member of a large family of structurally related matrix metalloproteinases, many members of which have been implicated in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. However, emerging evidence suggests a possible role for Mmps in tumor initiation. Here we reveal an unexpected role for Mmp10 in the maintenance and tumorigenicity of mouse lung cancer stem-like cells (CSC). Mouse lung cancer cell cultures enriched in stem-like cells grow as undifferentiated tumor “oncospheres” that express elevated levels of the cancer stem cell markers Aldh1, CD133, Nanog, Notch3, Notch 4, Hey 1 and Hey 2. These cells also express elevated levels of Mmp10 mRNA and secrete elevated levels of Mmp10 protein. Functionally, these lung CSCs exhibit self-renewal, the ability to clonally expand, enhanced transforming potential in vitro, and enhanced tumorigenic properties when injected orthotopically into the lungs of syngeneic mice. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Mmp10 in these cells leads to a loss of stem cell marker gene expression and a dramatic inhibition of oncosphere growth, clonal expansion, transformed growth in vitro, and lung tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, oncospheres implanted into syngeneic non-transgenic or Mmp10 −/− mice show no significant difference in tumor initiation, growth or metastasis, demonstrating the importance of Mmp10 produced by cancer cells rather than the tumor microenvironment in lung tumor initiation and maintenance. Analysis of gene expression data from human tumors demonstrates that Mmp10 is elevated in many human tumor types including lung, head and neck, esophageal, colon, breast, melanoma, bladder, cervical, ovarian, prostate and brain. Furthermore, gene set enhancement analysis (GSEA) demonstrates that elevated Mmp10 expression correlates with tumor metastasis and with cancer stem-like genomic signatures in human lung tumors. Thus, Mmp10 is required for maintenance of a highly tumorigenic, cancer-initiating, metastatic stem-like cell population in lung cancer. Our data demonstrate for the first time that Mmp10 is a critical lung cancer stem cell gene and novel therapeutic target for lung cancer stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-204. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-204
Compensatory Strategies: Prevalence of Use and Relationship to Physical Function and Well-Being:

We examine prevalence of four compensatory strategies (assistive devices, receiving help, changing frequency, or method of performance) and their immediate and long-term relationship to well-being. A total of 319 older adults (>70 years) with functional difficulties at home provided baseline data; 285 (89%) provided 12-month data. For 17 everyday activities, the most frequently used strategy was changing method of performance ( M = 10.27 activities), followed by changing frequency ( M = 6.17), assistive devices ( M = 5.38), and receiving help ( M = 3.37; p = .001). Using each strategy type was associated with functional difficulties at baseline ( ps < .0001), whereas each strategy type except changing method predicted functional decline 12 months later ( ps < .0001). Changing frequency of performing activities was associated with depressed mood ( p < .0001) and poor mastery ( p < .0001) at both baseline and 12 months ( ps < .02). Findings suggest that strategy type may be differentially associated with functional decline and well-being although reciprocal causality and the role of other factors in these outcomes cannot be determined from this study.
Thermal Ecology of the Screwworm Larva, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The thermal environment of the screwworm larva was studied under natural and mass-rearing developmental conditions. A}rtificially infested ovine and bovine experimental hosts were used to monitor larval (myiasis wound) and rectal temperatures over the course of parasite development. Temperatures in infestations in ovine wounds increased from mean initial values of 37 to near 41°C after 2 d, then decreased slowly for 3 d to 40°C as larvae matured. Wound temperature was positively related to larval density in the wound, but larval development rates were negatively related to density. Ovine hosts, but not bovine, became febrile in response to infestation, effectively increasing mean wound temperatures approximately 1°C in large infestations. In bovines, temperatures throughout the developmental period followed patterns similar to those in ovines, but were approximately 2°C lower. Temperatures in mass-rearing conditions, with minimal exogenous temperature control, showed that larvae can maintain temperatures above ambient and within a narrow range. Under such conditions they simulate the natural host's thermal environment during all but the final 36–48 h of development, when temperatures descend rapidly to as low as 32°C. Periodic feedings at late stages may abruptly alter temperatures for short periods. Implications of the role of temperature in the evolution of the screwworm from a carrion-feeding ancestor, and as a stress factor in mass rearing, in terms of present mass-rearing techniques, are discussed.
Saltatory fetal heart rate pattern.

A retrospective descriptive study reviewed 433 consecutive intrapartum fetal heart tracings. The saltatory fetal heart rate pattern was defined as fetal heart amplitude changes of greater than 25 beats per minute with an oscillatory frequency of greater than 6 per minute for a minimum duration of 1 minute. Data were analyzed for each mother-infant pair over the time of labor and birth. The saltatory pattern was demonstrated in 10 of the 433 tracings reviewed for an overall incidence of 2.3%. All 10 fetuses demonstrating the saltatory pattern were term (38 to 42 weeks' gestation). None of the 147 preterm fetuses demonstrated the saltatory pattern (P less than .02). In 6 patients the saltatory pattern was observed after parenteral ephedrine administration, in 3 patients with uterine hyperstimulation, and in 1 patient during cervical examination. When the saltatory pattern was seen with ephedrine administration, it was present only at total doses of greater than or equal to 30 mg (P less than .001). In all patients the saltatory pattern occurred during active phase or second stage of labor. Short-term and long-term variability recorded by the fetal-scalp electrode were present both before and after the episode of saltatory pattern. At birth, all 10 infants were vigorous, with Apgar scores of 8/9 or 9/9. In the absence of abnormal periodic fetal heart rate changes and with the presence of short-term and long-term variability, the saltatory fetal heart rate pattern appears benign.
Polymer nanofiber reinforced double network gel composite: Strong, tough and transparent

Abstract Double network gel is well known for its extraordinarily high toughness and stretchability. However, compared to many soft biological tissues such as articular cartilage and tendon, both strength and stiffness of double network gel are significantly lower, which greatly limits its further applications. In this article, to improve mechanical properties of double network gel, we embed a small weight percentage of aligned electrospun polymer nanofibers into double network gel matrix to make a sandwich-like double network gel composite. Mechanical tests conducted by us show that polymer nanofiber reinforced double network gel composite has much higher strength and stiffness, while maintaining its good transparency.
A simulation framework for industrial wireless networks and process control systems

Factory and process automation systems are increasingly employing information and communications technologies to facilitate data sharing and analysis in integrated control operations. Wireless connections provide flexible access to a variety of field instruments and reduce network installation and maintenance costs. This serves as an incentive for the adoption of industrial wireless networks based on standards such as the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a in factory control systems. However, process control systems vary greatly and have diverse wireless networking requirements in different applications. These requirements include deterministic transmissions in the shared wireless bandwidth, low-cost operation, long-term durability, and high reliability in the harsh radio propagation environment. It is an open question whether a generic wireless technology would meet the requirements of industrial process control. In this paper, we propose a novel simulation framework for performance evaluation of wireless networks in factory and process automation systems. We select a typical process control plant model, specifically the Tennessee Eastman Challenge (TE) Model, and define the interfaces between the process simulator and the wireless network simulator. We develop a model of the protocol stack of the WirelessHART specification in the OMNET++ simulation engine as a typical industrial wireless network. We present simulation results that validate the prospect of using WirelessHART in the TE plant, and we evaluate the impact of various wireless network configurations on the plant operation. Given its modular design, the proposed simulation framework can be easily used to evaluate the performance of other industrial wireless networks in conjunction with a variety of process control systems.
Divided-pulse amplification to the joule level

Divided-pulse amplification (DPA) has proven to be a valuable tool in scaling the peak power of diode-pumped ytterbium-doped amplifiers to beyond the single-pulse threshold for parasitic nonlinear effects. DPA enables the amplification of picosecond pulses in solid-state amplifiers with limited bandwidth beyond the single-pulse damage threshold. In this Letter, we demonstrate DPA of picosecond pulses in a flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, yielding a combined pulse energy of 167 mJ.
Optical Coherence and Anisotropy Studies of the First Events in Photosynthesis

Femtosecond optical coherence and anisotropy measurements are reported for the photosynthetic reaction center (Rb. Sph) revealing rapid electronic dephasing of both P* and B*, and novel polarization responses.