cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mouse Endostatin Inhibits the Formation of Lung and Liver Metastases

Angiogenesis is required for tumor formation. Several studies have demonstrated that tumor angiogenesis is regulated by a balance between proangiogenesis and antiangiogenesis factors and that this balance varies in different organ environments. To investigate whether expression of an angiogenesis inhibitor by cancer cells could alter this balance and prevent tumor formation in different organ environments, we engineered stable transfectants from RenCa mouse renal carcinoma cells and SW620 human colon carcinoma cells to constitutively secrete a mouse endostatin protein with c-myc and polyhistidine (His) tags. Production and secretion of the endostatin-c-myc-His fusion protein by endostatin-transfected cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. The endostatin transfectants and control transfectants, stably transfected with a control plasmid, had similar in vitro growth rates compared with their parental cell lines. Conditioned medium from endostatin-transfected cells inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation by 36-51% compared with conditioned medium from control cells. After inoculation into mice, flank tumors from endostatin-transfected cells were 73-91% smaller than flank tumors from control cells after 3 weeks. Inoculation of a cell mixture containing 25% endostatin-transfected cells and 75% control cells resulted in inhibition of flank tumor formation as effective as after inoculation of 100% endostatin-transfected cells. Formation of lung metastases by RenCa endostatin-transfected cells and formation of liver metastases by SW620 endostatin-transfected cells were dramatically inhibited compared with formation of metastases by control cells. These findings demonstrate that endostatin can inhibit tumor formation in different organ environments and that gene delivery of endostatin into even a minority of tumor cells may be an effective strategy to prevent progression of micrometastases to macroscopic disease.
For Synapses, It's Depression Not Death

Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength is an activity-dependent process in neurons that may be important for learning and memory. Li et al. (2010) now reveal a new apoptosis-independent role for mitochondrial-activated caspases in LTD suggesting that neurons have co-opted the canonical cell death pathway to perform a specialized function at synapses.
Inositol Tetrakisphosphate as a Frequency Regulator in Calcium Oscillations in HeLa Cells

Cellular signaling mediated by inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) results in oscillatory intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release. Because the amplitude of the Ca2+ spikes is relatively invariant, the extent of the agonist-mediated effects must reside in their ability to regulate the oscillating frequency. Using electroporation techniques, we show that Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, and Ins(1,3,4,6)P4 cause a rapid intracellular Ca2+ release in resting HeLa cells and a transient increase in the frequency of ongoing Ca2+oscillations stimulated by histamine. Two poorly metabolizable analogs of Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(2,4,5)P3, and 2,3-dideoxy-Ins(1,4,5)P3, gave a single Ca2+spike and failed to alter the frequency of ongoing oscillations. Complete inhibition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase (IP3K) by either adriamycin or its specific antibody blocked Ca2+oscillations. Partial inhibition of IP3K causes a significant reduction in frequency. Taken together, our results indicate that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is the frequency regulator in vivo, and IP3K, which phosphorylates Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, plays a major regulatory role in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations.
Proto-planetary disks with CARMA: sub-arsecond observations at millimeter wavelengths

Using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) we observed several proto-planetary disks in the dust continuum emission at 1.3 and 2.8 mm (Isella et al. 2009a, 2009b). The observations have angular resolution between 0.15 and 0.7 arcsecond, corresponding to spatial scales spanning from about the orbit of Saturn up to about the orbital radius of Pluto. The observed disks are characterized by a variety of radial profiles for the dust density. We observe inner disk clearing as well as smooth density profiles, suggesting that disks may form, or evolve, in different ways. Despite that, we find that the characteristic disk radius is correlated with the stellar age increasing from 20 AU to 100 AU over about 5 Myr. Interpreting our results in terms of the temporal evolution of a viscous α-disk, we estimate that (i) at the beginning of the disk evolution about 60% of the circumstellar material was located inside radii of 25-40 AU, (ii) that disks formed with masses from 0.05 to 0.4 solar masses and (iii) that the viscous timescale at the disk initial radius is about 0.1-0.3 Myr. Viscous disk models tightly link the surface density Σ(R) with the radial profile of the disk viscosity ν(R)∝ Rγ. We find values of γ ranging from -0.8 to 0.8, suggesting that the viscosity dependence on the orbital radius can be very different in the observed disks. We demonstrate that the similarity solution for the surface density for γ < 0 can explain the properties of some “transitional” disks without requiring discontinuities in the disk surface density. In the case of LkCa 15, a smooth distribution of material from few stellar radii to about 240 AU can produce both the observed SED and the spatially resolved continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths. For two sources, RY Tau and DG Tau, we observed the dust emission with a resolution as high as 0.15 arcsecond, which corresponds to a spatial scale of 20 AU at the distance of the two stars. The achieved angular resolution is a factor 2 higher than any existing observation of circumstellar disks at the same wavelengths and enable us to investigate the disk structure with unprecedent details. In particular, we present a first attempt to derive the radial profile of the slope of the dust opacity β. We find mean values of β of 0.5 and 0.7 for DG Tau and RY Tau respectively and we exclude that β may vary by more than ±0.4 between 20-70 AU. This implies that the circumstellar dust has a maximum grain size between 10 μm and few centimeters.
SUMO wrestling with Drp1 at mitochondria

EMBO J 32 11: 1514–1528; March222013; 10.1038/emboj.2013.65 Mitochondria undergo dynamic fission and fusion events, and disruptions in this balance can lead to cellular dysfunction or death. New work by Henley and colleagues identifies a key role for the SUMO protease SENP3 and its target Drp1, a key mediator of mitochondrial fission, in ischaemia.
Performance of Nano-DMA Operated with Different Gases for Sheath and Aerosol Carrier Flows

Two new experimental procedures are proposed to evaluate the performance of DMAs operated with different gases for sheath and polydisperse-aerosol-carrier flows. The first procedure evaluates the potential flow mixing in DMAs. An organic compound vapor of heavy molecular weight is doped, and then its concentration in the DMA aerosol-carrier streams is detected by gas chromatography. DMAs that strongly separate the doped vapor from the carrier are qualified as the separation tools to extract particles of desired sizes from an organic-vapor-rich gas flow. The separation is of importance for the particle composition characterization using existing chemical analytic instruments. The second procedure investigates the sizing accuracy of DMAs operated under the conditions of interest. A tandem DMA (TDMA) setup was applied to achieve the test objective. The first DMA was operated with different gases for sheath and polydisperse-aerosol-carrier flows. The same gas used for the first DMA sheath flow was used for bo...
Basic and Clinical Aspects of Non-neuronal Acetylcholine : Expression of Non-neuronal Acetylcholine in Lung Cancer Provides a New Target for Cancer Therapy

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and new treatment strategies are clearly needed. The recent discovery that lung and other cancers synthesize and secrete acetylcholine (ACh) which acts as an autocrine growth factor suggests that this cholinergic autocrine loop may present new therapeutic targets. In normal bronchial epithelium, small airway epithelium and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells synthesize Ach; and in squamous cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma, the respective lung cancers that derive from those cell types similarly synthesize ACh. ACh secreted by those cancers stimulates growth of the tumors by binding to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors expressed on lung cancers. Thus antagonists to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors can inhibit lung cancer growth. The muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtype utilized for cell proliferation is the M3subtype and consistent with this M3mAChR antagonists inhibit growth of SCLC and squamous cell carcinomas. This is significant as M3mAChR antagonists have low toxicity and are in wide clinical use. As multiple other cancer types besides lung carcinomas express both M3mAChR and acetylcholine, other cancer types besides lung carcinoma may respond to M3mAChR antagonists.
Tax evasion and labor markets

Abstract Concern with revenue losses, inequities, and inefficiency that may result from tax evasion has produced a number of formal analyses of taxpayer dishonesty. Most of this work has concentrated on the behavior of individual evaders and has ignored the interaction between evasion and labor market equilibrium. To remedy this, our analysis uses a model with two labor markets — which differ in the potential for evasion — to examine how changes in various tax parameters affect evasion and labor market equilibrium. We also simulate the effect of switching from a proportional to a progressive tax system in order to evaluate the well-known claim that progressivity encourages evasion.
Incomplete beliefs and nonmarket valuation

We explore implications of the failure of the individual to behave in accordance with the predictions of the utility maximization paradigm for the application of consumer sovereignty principles to the valuation of environmental goods. A subjective probability framework is used to develop an index of the completeness and the coherence of the individual's risk-neutral beliefs and valuations. These beliefs and valuations are shown to be institution-dependent, and thus endogenous to the choices the individual makes about the medium in which to express herself. A variety of propositions about the influence of incomplete beliefs on value expressions is derived.
Feshbach projection calculations of compound state resonances in atom-diatom scattering

The Feshbach projection operator formalism has been employed to calculate the energies of compound slate resonances in some collinear atom—diatom systems. Comparison with available close-coupled scattering calculations for the same systems shows the energies to lie within about ± Γ of the resonance centers. Beyond the preliminary results reported, the determination of the width Γp and energy shift Δp of each resonance is proposed using a method which makes the determination of all the parameters computationally self-contained. Extension to 2- and 3-dimensional systems is also suggested.
Recent applications of biostereometrics in research and education

Recent research applications of biostereometrics embrace more powerful faster and more cost/effective technologies for sensing recording analyzing and displaying spatial and spatio-temporal information about biological form and function. As well as providing more systematic basic biological data these developments have led to more efficient precise and effective surgical procedures and computer-aided sculpting of body parts. Recent educational applications include the production of interactive 3D atlases artificial reality simulations and knowledge bases with statistically-based information about individual organs and tissues.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
AIDS Educator Effectiveness as a Function of Sexual Orientation and HIV Status1

This study investigated the effectiveness of an AIDS educator as a function of his HIV status and sexual orientation. A 2 × 2 factorial design was employed where 136 heterosexual undergraduates viewed I of 4 videotapes of an AIDS educator who introduced himself as either HIV positive or negative and either heterosexual or homosexual. The videos were identical except for the introduction. Results revealed that all videos increased knowledge about AIDS. However, students' perceptions of risk increased only when they believed the educator was HIV positive and heterosexual. Intentions to get tested for HIV increased when they perceived the educator as HIV positive but declined when they thought she was HIV negative. Results suggest the sexual orientation and HIV status of educators can impact their effectiveness.
Pitfalls of coronary angiography in aortic dissection—A case report

A pitfall of coronary angiography is described in a patient with acute type A aortic dissection. Initially, the coronary arteries could not be engaged because of the guidewire crossing into the false lumen from the true lumen via the distal dissection flap.
The Role of Self-Deception in Perceptions of Past, Present, and Future Happiness

Previous research suggests that self-deception is maximized when (a) there is a lack of concrete information, and (b) the motivation to self-deceive is high. In applying this model to past, present, and future judgments about the self, the future is unique because of its uncertainty, whereas the past is unique because of its lesser relevance to current motivations. We therefore predict that people will be the most self-deceptive when thinking about their future, a prediction supported in four studies ( Ns = 96, 125, 40, and 298) using various measures of self-deception and subjective well-- being. Studies 1 and 2 provide basic evidence for future self-- enhancement, whereas Studies 3 and 4 demonstrate that concrete information about the future reduces this bias. More generally, the findings highlight the special status of future well-being judgments as well as the flexible link between self-deception and self-evaluation.
A simple heavy-ion beam monitor

Abstract A simple heavy ion beam monitor is described for measuring beam intensity from accelerators to an accuracy of better than 1%. The principle of secondary electron emission is employed. The beam monitor consists of two thin nickel foils (0.6 μm) separated by few mm. A positive voltage is applied to the downstream foil and current is collected from the upstream foil. This beam monitor is operated at a pressure of less than 10−6 torr. The beam monitor is calibrated using a Faraday cup. Beam intensity of heavy ions like oxygen and 4He have been successfully measured to an accuracy of better than 1%.
Competition and Ceramics on the East African Coast: Long-Term Perspectives on Nineteenth-Century History at the Swahili Port Town of Mikindani, Tanzania

The Swahili communities of the East African coast have often been characterized as middlemen, defined by their ability to navigate–often quite literally–the economic networks linking the African Interior and the Indian Ocean rim. Yet diversity has increasingly been recognized between Swahili communities. In this paper I add to the awareness and explication of Swahili diversity through comparative analysis of the archaeology of the southern Tanzanian town of Mikindani. In particular, I work to extend our knowledge of political and economic competition in East Africa backwards from the better documented nineteenth century. For Mikindani, its inhabitants’ changing abilities to access certain kinds of ceramics trace the competitive structures of this part of the coast and provide evidence for their success or failure in navigating a complex economic landscape. Resume: Les communautes swahili de la cote de l’Afrique de l’Est ont souvent ete considerees comme des intermediaires capables de naviguer–litteralement–sur les reseaux economiques entre l’interieur des terres et les franges de l’Ocean indien.
Is chest X-ray necessary after central venous catheter insertion?

According to the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines [1], post-insertion chest X-ray (CXR) is not necessary if the location of the tip has been verified during the procedure and if pleura-pulmonary damage has been ruled out by other methods. The aim of this study is to assess feasibility and safety of an echo-ECG-guided method of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion and to evaluate whether post-insertion CXR can be avoided.
Ethylene glycol intoxication: Evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria

Ethylene glycol and glycolate kinetics were studied in two cases of ethylene glycol intoxication with maximal ethylene glycol/glycolate concentrations of 40.9/26.8 and 56.4/22.4 mmol/liter, respectively. Both patients survived, but with prolonged renal failure, upon treatment with bicarbonate, ethanol, and hemodialysis. Glycolic acid was the major cause of the metabolic acidosis in both cases; lactate levels were only slightly elevated. Kinetic calculations showed that both ethylene glycol and glycolate were distributed in total body water with plasma half-lives of 8.4 and 7.0 hours, respectively. The half-life of ethylene glycol was increased more than 10-fold by ethanol treatment alone. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystalluria was dominant in both cases, but in one was preceded by a short period with mainly dihydrate excretion; crystalluria was not present upon admission. Repetitive urine microscopy in search of needle- or envelope-shaped crystals should be performed when ethylene glycol intoxication is suspected.
Use of thioacetamide for the quantitative determination of tellurite in bacteriological media.

Abstract A method using thioacetamide as a convenient source of hydrogen sulfide has been developed for the quantitative determination of tellurite in bacteriological culture medium. The coefficient of variation for this method was 1.7%; the percentage error was 3.0.
The Influence of Counterfactual Thinking and Regret on Ethical Decision Making

The authors explore the influence of counterfactual thoughts in triggering the emotions of regret and disappointment in ethical decision making. Counterfactual thinking involves examining possible outcomes to events and is often explored in what-if scenarios. Findings support that subjects were able to transfer regret (but not disappointment) associated with an actor's unethical behavior in one scenario to another actor's decision to make an unethical choice in a second, different scenario, with the manipulation impacting subjects’ ethical judgment and their behavioral intention (expressed tendency to act ethically). In addition, ethical judgment was found to mediate the influence of the anticipated negative emotion of regret on subjects’ intention to perform the unethical behavior of the actor portrayed in the scenario. These findings are used to offer suggestions to educators to influence student ethical decisions as well as to offer potential avenues for future research.
Consider This, Skeptics of Recovered Memory

Some self-proclaimed skeptics of recovered memory claim that traumatic childhood events simply cannot be forgotten at the time only to be remembered later in life. This claim has been made repeatedly by the Advisory Board members of a prominent advocacy group for parents accused of sexual abuse, the so-called False Memory Syndrome Foundation. The research project described in this article identifies and documents the growing number of cases that have been ignored or distorted by such skeptics. To date, this project has documented 35 cases in which recovered memories of traumatic childhood events were corroborated by clear and convincing evidence. This article concludes with some observations about the politics of the false memory movement, particularly the tendency to conceal or omit evidence of corroboration. Several instances of this vanishing facts syndrome are documented and analyzed.
Antispasmodics. I. Phenyl Esters of Beta-Dialkylaminopropionic Acids

Several p-aminophenyl esters of beta-dialkylaminopropionic acids [H2N-C6H4.OOCCH2CH2N(R)2.2HCl] have been prepared and found to possess moderate antispasmodic activity against both histamine- and acetylcholine-induced smooth muscle spasms.
THE WEIL-ÉTALE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF A NUMBER FIELD I

Lichtenbaum has conjectured (Ann of Math. (2) 170(2) (2009), 657-683) the existence of a Grothendieck topology for an arithmetic scheme X such that the Euler characteristic of the cohomology groups of the constant sheaf Z with compact support at infinity gives, up to sign, the leading term of the zeta function ζX(s) at s = 0. In this paper we consider the category of sheaves XL on this conjectural site for X = Spec(ΟF) the spectrum of a number ring. We show that XL has, under natural topological assumptions, a well-defined fundamental group whose abelianization is isomorphic, as a topological group, to the Arakelov-Picard group of F . This leads us to give a list of topological properties that should be satisfied by XL. These properties can be seen as a global version of the axioms for the Weil group. Finally, we show that any topos satisfying these properties gives rise to complexes of etale sheaves computing the expected Lichtenbaum cohomology.
Removing paraffin-based wax coatings from old corrugated containers using supercritical carbon dioxide

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) extractions of paraffin-based wax coatings from saturated and curtain-coated old corrugated containers (OCC) are reported. Extractions were performed in a 500-mL reactor (300 bar, 100°C, 50 g CO 2 /min and 1 h). Wax removal efficiencies of 98 and 70% for saturated and curtain-coated OCC, respectively, were obtained. Under similar conditions, extractions in the presence of water resulted in an extraction efficiency of 99% for saturated OCC. Decreasing the operating pressure to 200 bar decreased the extraction efficiency to approximately 50%. Gas chromatography (GC) of the wax coatings on OCC, before and after extraction with SC-CO 2 , showed a slight shift in the molecular weight distribution of the paraffin wax (after SC-CO 2 extraction) toward higher molecular weights for both saturating wax and curtain-coating wax. There was no evidence of chemical degradation or modification of the paraffin wax coatings by SC-CO 2 The packing density, packing arrangement, and dimensions of the curtain-coated OCC in the extraction apparatus affected the extraction efficiency. Loose packing compared to tight packing, 1 X 1 cm squares versus 1 X 20 cm strips, had higher extraction efficiencies; a random packing arrangement was better than packing with the fluting material in the direction of SC-CO 2 flow.
Scanning electron microscope studies of membrane deposits from whey ultrafiltration

Summary Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the fouling deposits from cottage cheese whey on ultrafiltration membranes. Several types of deposits were observed: micro-organisms, granules, thin strands, coarse fibres and sheets of varying thickness. Surface deposits of sheet forming materials appear to be the principal cause of membrane flux decline. The progressive build-up of deposits was demonstrated directly on ultrafiltration membranes and by simulation of fouling on membranes having uniform pores discernible by SEM. SEM was found to be a simple and effective tool for study of membrane fouling.
On a nonseparable convex maximization problem with continuous knapsack constraints

We develop a polynomial-time algorithm for a class of nonseparable convex maximization problems with continuous knapsack constraints based on an analysis of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and the special problem structure. This problem class has applicability in areas such as production and logistics planning and financial engineering.
Grouper: creation of marker sets for multiplexed genotyping

Motivation: Efficient high-throughput genotyping experiments require the multiplexing of polymorphic markers, i.e. the use of multiple markers with non-overlapping allele size ranges in a single lane of a genotyping gel. The arrangement of such markers into sets can be facilitated by the availability of appropriate computer software. Results: This article describes a program, Grouper, that automates the generation of marker sets for multiplexed genotyping experiments. Availability: The software described in this article is available free of charge from the EBI software archive at
EFFECTS OF WATER LOADING ON THE FLUORESCEIN/ANTI-FLUORESCEIN ANTIBODY SYSTEM IN AEROSOL-OT REVERSE MICELLES FORMED IN N-HEPTANE

We report on the behavior of monoclonal 4-4-20 mouse anti-fluorescein antibodies sequestered within aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles formed in liquid n -heptane as a function of water loading ( R ). Our data suggest that the fluorescein binding site structure is unaffected by R. However, we note that there is a region, at intermediate R values, where the fluorescein apparently binds even more strongly to the monoclonal anti-fluorescein antibodies compared to the native antibody in solution. These results are qualitatively explained in terms of the Ruckenstein-Karpe model, which is based on charge disproportionation and redistribution within the reverse micelle. The results demonstrate that R, within an AOT reverse micelle, influences the apparent anti-fluorescein affinity.
The size of the bacteriophage T4 head in solution with comments about the dimension of virus particles as visualized by electron microscopy

Abstract We report X-ray diffraction results permitting calculation of the radius of the bacteriophage T4 head in solution. Isometric headed mutant particles, consisting of the two hemispherical caps of wild-type T4, were found to be spheres of radius 425 A. Giant headed particles, an amplification of the extra capsomeres which give the T4 head its prolate shape, were found to be cylinders of radius 427 A. We use these and other small-angle X-ray diffraction results in a quantitative discussion of the distortion artefacts caused by a number of electron microscope specimen preparation techniques.
We are all lurkers: consuming behaviors among authors and readers in an enterprise file-sharing service

Most knowledge repositories focus on the role of knowledge-creators. In this paper, by contrast, we examined the work of Lurkers in an enterprise file-sharing service, and we compared their lurking behaviors to the lurking behaviors of users who uploaded files (Uploaders), and users who contributed metadata about files (Contributors). For comparability, we restricted our analyses to the consuming behaviors that are common to the three roles (Uploaders, Contributors, and Lurkers). Independent principal components analysis showed highly similar seven-factor solutions of lurking activities across all three roles, although the relative emphases of those factors varied across roles. Uploaders tended to view and download more groups of files, showed less emphasis on searching for files, and tended to work directly with the file-sharing application, unmediated by external applications. Contributors showed the opposite pattern: more emphasis on searching and responding to recommendations from other users, often via a form of remote access. Lurkers' lurking behaviors were less intense, and showed little difference in emphases among the lurker factors. We use these results, and the published research literature, to motivate a research agenda for lurkers in social media.
Origins of JCHIMP

With this, the first issue of the Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives ( www.jchimp.org ), volume 1, the efforts of many individuals are no longer a concept but a reality. The journal’s origins can be traced back to 2007 at the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine (APDIM) semi-annual meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Prior to that meeting, the Department of Medicine at Union Memorial Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland had conducted a very successful research survey of internal medicine program directors in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. Using this regional success as a model, a national network was organized in Minneapolis. (Published: 9 May 2011) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2011, 1 : 6328 - DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v1i1.6328
Oxygen-ion conductivity in BagIn6O17

Tetragonal (I4/mmm) BagIn6O17 is an oxygen-deficient intergrowth of BaO rocksalt (001) planes and oxygen-deficient 3 BaInO2.5 perovskite-type layers with a = b= 4.201(6) A and c = 30.48(4) A. An oxygen concentration cell and a.c.-impedance data over the temperature range 200 < T < 950°C give a predominantly oxide-ion conductivity with an activation energy of 1.06 eV, which is comparable to that found in commercial stabilized zirconias.
How to use your time efficiently when writing

~ " ~ have all the data pulled together. Now I it's just a matter of finding time to get everything down on paper_ I have a pretty good idea where I want to go with it. The report probably won' t be longer than ten pages once I get it together . . . . But where am 1 going to get the time to do it?" This question has been asked time and time again. Every manager has experienced the frustration of trying to write a complex report or proposal in a limited amount of time. The boss always seems to want it right now! But meetings, conferences, and continual interruptions force the manager to take work home to get it done. At home, of course, the guilt wells up when the children need more time, the house needs cleaning, or the dripping faucet needs repair. All of these forces cause stress. In turn, the stress makes it even more difficult to complete the task. The outcome is, often, a poorly written report. An effective strategy for managing time in your management writing, however, can alleviate this problem. The following list of guidelines can help save time in your writing.
Rheology and structure of worm-like micelles

Although worm-like micelles have been studied for over 20 years, the diversity of macroscopic behavior and the potential analogy to polyelectrolytes has driven continued study. During the last year, development and application of more realistic scattering models has yielded a deeper understanding of micelle structure. Comprehensive studies on systematic systems are being reported that combine structural and macroscopic data. These studies provide the fundamental understanding necessary to quantify the coupling between micelle structure and rheology. Finally, with increased understanding of these systems, there is a growth in the number of novel applications of worm-like micelles.
Self-Tuning High-Voltage High-Frequency Switching Power Amplifier for Atmospheric-Based Plasma Sterilization

In this paper, the implementation of a power supply for the generation of plasma, with the purpose of sterilizing a surface, is presented. A power supply based on a Class-E switching amplifier is proposed. This switch-mode amplifier is capable of producing a high-voltage and high-frequency output for plasma generation. In addition, a feedback mechanism is used to handle load variation. This is achieved through the characterization of the load at high voltages while generating plasma. Portability of the system is the primary goal of this paper. Thus, the implementation of a miniaturized circuit capable of achieving high efficiency and low power consumption at the same time is critical. The design and implementation of the complete battery-powered system, as well as the simulation and measurement results are discussed.
The deterrent effect of the death penalty in Canada.

Simple correlational analysis of data from Canada from 1926 to 1958 showed that the number of executions and the number per capita population were positively correlated with the homicide rate, wher...
On the nature of goal marking and delimitation : Evidence from Japanese

This paper investigates two ways goals of motion events can be expressed in so-called ‘verb-framed’ languages (Talmy 2000), focusing on the Japanese postpositions -made and -ni. It is typically assumed that these postpositions are both goal-markers, but differ in the exact goal semantics they encode, giving rise to non-overlapping distributions. Based on a range of distributional differences, I argue instead that they are more radically distinct than this: -made marks the endpoint of event participants (including but not limited to paths of motion), while -ni is a dative case that marks the goal argument of motion verbs. This suggests that it is possible for two functionally distinct participant markers to converge and give the appearance of being alternate ways of realizing the ‘same’ participant. Furthermore, adpositions such as -made, an inherently non-motion-encoding resource, represent an understudied strategy for marking goals across languages, something that has ramifications for how motion typologies are constructed.
Five-year field comparison of naturally regenerated Pinus taeda L. to genetically improved container stock, with and without release

A field study compared genetically improved, container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutover pine site in southern Arkansas, USA. Pines on 50% of all plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 61 cm radius of each tree stem. Woody competition was controlled by hand cutting for 5 consecutive years and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicides (sulfometuron methyl and glyphosate) for 4 consecutive years. Competition control increased 5-year survival by 21–23% for natural and planted seedlings, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two regeneration techniques. Five years after field establishment, planted pines averaged 85% more volume than naturally established pines. Nevertheless, greater volume gains (551–688%) were achieved within regeneration techniques, as a result of competition control, than were achieved between the two regeneration techniques.
Analysis and optimization of a class of nonlinear detection filters

It is well know that the matched filter is the optimal linear detection filter but, this allows for the possible existence of a nonlinear detection filter with better performance. This paper considers the class of nonlinear detection filters that are composed of a linear filter followed by an arbitrary point process. The result is general enough to include detection paradigm in which the signal model is not additive. The ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of a general point process is analyzed. This analysis reveals that nonreversibility and not nonlinearity of the point process is responsible for the improvement of the ROC curve. That is, an reversible point process, either linear or nonlinear, leaves the ROC curve unchanged. However, a nonreversible point process will alter the ROC curve. This result is used to define a canonical ROC curve which is then utilized to derive the optimal point process. Several simple forms of the point process are considered first then the general optimal point process is derived. The technique is illustrated with several examples. Results for the special case of unimodal signal densities receive particular attention.
Pilot study of optical coherence tomography measurement of retinal blood flow in retinal and optic nerve diseases.

The development of noninvasive methods such as magnetic resonance angiography1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)2 to measure cerebral hemodynamics has greatly enhanced the study of neurologic diseases and functional neuroanatomy. Such methods would also be very helpful in the eye because the leading causes of blindness in the industrialized world—diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and glaucoma—are all related to abnormal retinal3,4 or optic nerve blood flow.5 Unfortunately, MRI resolution is too coarse for quantitative imaging of retinal blood vessels, which have a very fine caliber. Although several techniques are being used for retinal blood flow evaluation, they all have serious limitations. Ultrasound color Doppler imaging has sufficient resolution to measure only the larger retrobulbar vessels.6 It can measure blood velocity but not vessel diameter; therefore, volumetric blood flow cannot be determined. Several types of laser Doppler techniques are able to measure flow in individual retinal vessels7–9 or capillary beds.10 Although it is possible to measure total retinal blood flow by adding measurements from individual vessels, this requires many measurements over a long session.8 These specialized instruments are generally available only in major research centers because they are expensive. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies are widely used to visualize retinal and choroidal circulations. However, they do not provide quantitative measurements of blood flow and require the intravenous injection of dyes that have potential side effects.11 Optical coherence tomography (OCT)12 is commonly used in the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases.13–16 It has the requisite resolution to image retinal blood vessels.17 Because it is a coherent detection technique, OCT can detect the Doppler frequency shift of back-scattered light, which provides information on blood flow velocity.18,19 With the development of high-speed Fourier-domain OCT,20–22 it has become possible to capture the pulsatile dynamics of blood flow.23,24 Using Doppler Fourier-domain OCT, we developed a double circular scanning pattern (Fig. 1) that measures flow in all the blood vessels around the optic nerve head four to six times per second.25 Total retinal blood flow could be calculated with the data sampled within 2 seconds. We have demonstrated that flow measurements in normal subjects26 and in a patients with diabetic retinopathy27 can be reproducibly obtained. In this study, we used this new technique in a systematic investigation of blood flow abnormalities in retinal and optic nerve diseases. Figure 1. (a) Fundus photograph showing the double circular pattern of the OCT beam scanning retinal blood vessels emerging from the optic disc. (b) The relative position of a blood vessel in the two OCT cross-sections is used to calculate the Doppler angle θ ...
The Use of Hypnotic Elements and Audio Recordings with the Fantasy Relaxation Technique

The Fantasy Relaxation Technique, developed by Hugh Gunnison in 1976, is a simple method of gaining control over panic and anxiety. Two new components have been added to the original technique and they seem to enhance students' self-control during tests.
Elicited Imitation of Selected Features of Two American English Dialects in Head Start Children

Three measures were used to check the bidialectal imitative facility of 100 black, white, and Spanish-speaking Head Start children. In general, blacks and Spanish-speaking subjects performed more a...
A critique of qualitative simulation from a consolidation viewpoint

To understand commonsense reasoning, it is necessary to discover what kinds of problems a commonsense reasoner should be able to solve, what the reasoner needs to have in order to solve those problems, and the relationships among the various kinds of problem-solving abilities. Four methods for performing qualitative reasoning about the behaviour of physical situations are examined. Three of the methods perform qualitative simulation, which determines the behavior of a situation by a qualitative version of simulation methods. The other method is called consolidation, which derives the behavior of a situation by composing the behavior of the situation's components. The work shows that qualitative simulation and consolidation work on different problems of qualitative reasoning, and that their differences and similarities lead to several implications about their role in qualitative reasoning. >
Particulate concentrations in Lake St. Clair as recorded by a shipborne multispectral optical monitoring system

Abstract Methodology is developed to convert the upwelling multispectral radiance observed by a ship-mounted dual radiometer reflectance system into the subsurface volume reflectance normalized to a standard solar zenith angle and a standard downwelling light field. This normalized multispectral subsurface volume reflectance is then utilized to evaluate the capacity of effectively conducting, from a moving research vessel, a continuous monitor of the total seston and suspended sediment concentrations in the generally turbid, shallow waters of Lake St. Clair. Good agreement is obtained between remotely predicted and directly sampled concentrations of both seston and suspended sediments.
Breast Reconstruction: A Review and Rationale for Patient Selection

Summary:The importance of good patient selection is becoming increasingly appreciated as a predictor of good outcomes following mastectomy and reconstruction. There are many variables that should be considered when making these decisions. Patient variables include breast characteristics, age, body h
Synergistic effects of citric acid and polyethyleneimine to remove copper from aqueous solutions

Citric acid and copper are often found in the waste streams from semiconductor manufacturing. They are likely to form complexes, which modify copper speciation. This can lead to changes in sorption mechanisms and the sorption capacity. PEI-agarose adsorbents in a packed bed column are capable of removing these anionic complexes, but the competitive binding between these organic ligands and PEI for copper is not well understood and needs to be explored. The current work focuses on investigating copper sorption by PEI-agarose adsorbent in the presence of citrate ions. Copper binding capacity and copper breakthrough curves are compared and contrasted to results without additional chelator present. The presence of citric acid at the molar ratios of 0.5, 1, and 2 to copper enhances the total copper uptake in a continuous column by 175%, 100% and 75%, respectively. This is a great advantage when wastewater streams contain either low or high amounts of citric acid ligand.
11.8 Integrated ultrasonic system for measuring body-fat composition

An accurate, low-power, and highly integrateci solution for accurate assessment of body fat is presented that addresses a growing consumer interest in economical and easy-to-use solutions for monitoring personal health and fitness. Unlike the prevalent present solution that estimates body fat percentage from an impedance measurement integrated in a weight scale and gives only a global index with accuracy compromised by a host of factors including skin moisture and metabolic activity, the reported approach uses ultrasound for an accurate measure of the actual thickness of the fat and muscle layers [1].
CAE apps for Physics of Failure reliability & durability simulations

A Physics of Failure (PoF) Reliability Assessment combines dynamic stress analysis of usage and environmental conditions with failure mechanism models to perform a durability simulation in order to identify failure susceptibilities and calculate reliability behavior over time. CAE Apps have been developed that automate PoF analysis tasks that allow non-CAE experts to perform expert level PoF evaluations. This paper introduces and provides examples of a PoF CAEs App analysis tool suite for Electrical and Electronic (EE) equipment. The functions of the Sherlock ADA™ (Automated Design Analysis) PoF CAE App, a powerful, automated durability simulation and reliability assessment CAE tool suite, will be reviewed and demonstrated. The use of this PoF CAE App enables a physics based view of product reliability that identifies optimization opportunities early in the design cycle to provide greater insight for creating highly reliable, robust products faster and at lower costs.
Re-Emerging Markets

Recent research shows that emerging markets are distinguished by high returns and low covariances with global market factors. These are striking results because of their immediate implications for the international investor. One key issue is whether these results may be attributed to recent emergence. Most of today's emerging markets are actually re-emerging markets, i.e. markets that attracted international attention earlier in the century, and for various political, economic and institutional reasons experienced discontinuities in data sources. To analyze the effects of conditioning on recent emergence, we simulate a simple, general model of global markets in which markets are priced according to their exposure to a world factor; returns are only observed if the price level exceeds a threshold at the end of the observation period. The simulations reveal a number of new effects. In particular, we find that the brevity of a market history is related to the bias in annual returns as well as to the world beta. These patterns are confirmed by long-term histories of global capital markets and by recent empirical" evidence on emerging and submerged markets. Even though these results can also be explained by alternative theories, the common message is that basing investment decisions on the past performance of emerging markets is likely to lead to disappointing results.
Abstract 1391: Inhibition of Hsp90 induces BRCA1 degradation and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cells expressing high levels of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) are resistant to ionizing radiation and alkylative chemotherapeutic agents. Ablation of BRCA1 expression in vitro and in vivo can enhance and/or restore sensitivity to these agents. BRCA1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is critical for resolving double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks. Thus, its overexpression likely confers an advantage to cancerous cells targeted by anti-neoplastic agents that induce this form of DNA damage. In vitro evidence suggests that ablating BRCA1 expression may present a novel mechanism to enhance or restore radio- and chemosensitivity in refractory cancers. Like BRCA1, high expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, though the mechanism(s) behind this phenotype are poorly characterized. Hsp90 is a cytoplasmic chaperone that is upregulated or exists in a hyperfunctional state in many human malignancies. Previous studies have demonstrated that Hsp90 regulates the assembly of several molecules involved in the homology-directed repair of dsDNA breaks, including BRCA2/FANCD1, FANCA, MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN), and RAD51. Using in vitro culture of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that inhibition of Hsp90 by the pharmacologic agent 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), which is currently in clinical evaluation, targets BRCA1 for ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of Hsp90 and the subsequent loss of BRCA1 expression are associated with decreased repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage and increased tumor cell death. Using lentiviral shRNA expression, we also demonstrate that loss of BRCA1 is epistatic to the ability of 17-AAG to sensitize cells to the effects of ionizing radiation, consistent with the central role of BRCA1 in assembling the dsDNA break repair machinery. These results suggest that inhibition of Hsp90 using an existing therapeutic agent (17-AAG) may be an effective mechanism to transiently inhibit BRCA1 expression and improve or restore radio- and/or chemosensitivity in breast and ovarian cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1391.