cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The reflection of low energy phonons at the free surface of liquid4He. I. Theory

The scattering of a low energy phonon at the free surface of liquid4He at finite temperature is discussed in relation to the reflection measurements in the accompanying paper (II). If not specularly reflected, the phonon may be inelastically scattered, with the emission or absorption of a single ripplon, or it may be absorbed with the emission of two ripplons. The inelastic scattering produces deviations from ideal specular reflection that depend logarithmically on the angular sensitivity of the measurement. For the experiment described in II, the predicted deviations due to scattering and absorption are roughly equal and too small (∼5×10−4) to be measured. In addition, there should be a small broadening (less than 1 ° in angle) of the reflected image of the phonon source due to phonon decay in the bulk liquid. This was calculated from the curvature of the phonon spectrum measured by Rugar and Foster. Phonon decay also determines the distribution of the incident phonon beam with respect to energy. From the known decay rate, the average incident phonon energy in our experiment is calculated to be ∼0.5 K. We also discuss the attenuation of surface second sound due to the inelastic scattering and absorption of thermal phonons at the surface. We find that two ripplon absorption is the dominant effect. Below ∼0.7 K, the attenuation due to phonons is probably just small enough for pure ripplon surface sound to exist in a narrow range of low frequencies. To show this, we have recalculated the ripplon lifetime using the 3-ripplon interaction as recently revised by Rocheet al. The results for the ripplon lifetime are displayed in a simple scaling format.
Geomicrobiology of manganese(II) oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microbes have an integral role in the biogeochemical cycling of manganese, iron, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and several nutrients and trace metals. There is great interest in mechanistically understanding these cycles and defining the importance of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria in modern and ancient geochemical environments. Linking Mn(II) oxidation to cellular function, although still enigmatic, continues to drive efforts to characterize manganese biomineralization. Recently, complexed-Mn(III) has been shown to be a transient intermediate in Mn(II) oxidation to Mn(IV), suggesting that the reaction might involve a unique multicopper oxidase system capable of a two-electron oxidation of the substrate. In biogenic and abiotic synthesis experiments, the application of synchrotron-based X-ray scattering and spectroscopic techniques has significantly increased our understanding of the oxidation state and relatively amorphous structure (i.e. δ–MnO 2 -like) of biogenic oxides, providing a new blueprint for the structural signature of biogenic Mn oxides.
Small Cell Lung Cancer Doubling Time and its Effect on Clinical Presentation: A Concise Review:

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of many types rapidly growing malignant diseases, such as Burkitt's lymphoma and testicular germ cell cancers. At present, there is no reliable way to screen for SCLC, and imaging modalities tend to be delayed in detecting this type of cancer. The clinical presentation of acutely and rapidly growing SCLC can mimic those of pulmonary inflammatory or infectious disorders, and in some instances, this delays appropriate management and negatively affects patient outcome.
Civilian target detection using hierarchical fusion

Automatic target recognition (ATR) is the process of aided or unaided target detection and recognition using data from different sensors. Fusion techniques are used to improve ATR since this reduces system dependence on a single sensor and increases noise tolerance. In this work, ATR is performed on civilian targets which are considered more difficult to classify than military targets. The dataset is provided by the Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and is collected using the sensor fusion testbed (SFTB) developed by Northrop Grumman Mission Systems. Stationary color and infrared cameras capture images of seven different vehicles at different orientations and distances. Targets include two sedans, two SUVs, two light trucks and a heavy truck. Fusion is performed at the event level and sensor level using temporal and behavior-knowledge-space (BKS) fusion respectively. It is shown that fusion provides better and robust classification compared to classification of individual frames without fusion. The classification experiment shows, on an average, mean classification rates of 65.0%, 70.1% and 77.7% for individual frame classification, temporal fusion and BKS fusion respectively. It is demonstrated that the classification accuracy increases as the level of fusion goes higher. By combining targets into cars, SUVs and light trucks and thereby reducing the number of classes to three, higher mean classification rates of 75.4%, 90.0% and 94.8% were obtained
Re-evaluating the role of natural killer cells in innate resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1.

Interferon-γ acts to multiply the potency with which innate interferons (α/β) suppress herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. Recent evidence suggests that this interaction is functionally relevant in host defense against HSV-1. However, it is not clear which WBCs of the innate immune system, if any, limit HSV-1 spread in an IFN-γ dependent manner. The current study was initiated to determine if natural killer (NK) cells provide innate resistance to HSV-1 infection, and if so to determine if this resistance is IFN-γ-dependent. Lymphocyte-deficient scid or rag2-/- mice were used to test four predictions of the central hypothesis, and thus determine if innate resistance to HSV-1 is dependent on 1. NK cell cytotoxicity, 2. NK cells, 3. WBCs, or 4. the IFN-activated transcription factor, Stat 1. Loss of NK cell cytotoxic function or depletion of NK cells had no effect on the progression of HSV-1 infection in scid mice. In contrast, viral spread and pathogenesis developed much more rapidly in scid mice depleted of WBCs. Likewise, loss of Stat 1 function profoundly impaired the innate resistance of rag2-/- mice to HSV-1. Lymphocyte-deficient mice possess a very tangible innate resistance to HSV-1 infection, but this resistance is not dependent upon NK cells.
Gene duplication and the origins of morphological complexity in pancrustacean eyes, a genomic approach

Background: Duplication and divergence of genes and genetic networks is hypothesized to be a major driver of the evolution of complexity and novel features. Here, we examine the history of genes and genetic networks in the context of eye evolution by using new approaches to understand patterns of gene duplication during the evolution of metazoan genomes. We hypothesize that 1) genes involved in eye development and phototransduction have duplicated and are retained at higher rates in animal clades that possess more distinct types of optical design; and 2) genes with functional relationships were duplicated and lost together, thereby preserving genetic networks. To test these hypotheses, we examine the rates and patterns of gene duplication and loss evident in 19 metazoan genomes, including that of Daphnia pulex - the first completely sequenced crustacean genome. This is of particular interest because the pancrustaceans (hexapods+crustaceans) have more optical designs than any other major clade of animals, allowing us to test specifically whether the high amount of disparity in pancrustacean eyes is correlated with a higher rate of duplication and retention of vision genes. Results: Using protein predictions from 19 metazoan whole-genome projects, we found all members of 23 gene families known to be involved in eye development or phototransduction and deduced their phylogenetic relationships. This allowed us to estimate the number and timing of gene duplication and loss events in these gene families during animal evolution. When comparing duplication/retention rates of these genes, we found that the rate was significantly higher in pancrustaceans than in either vertebrates or non-pancrustacean protostomes. Comparing patterns of co-duplication across Metazoa showed that while these eye-genes co-duplicate at a significantly higher rate than those within a randomly shuffled matrix, many genes with known functional relationships in model organisms did not co-duplicate more often than expected by chance. Conclusions: Overall, and when accounting for factors such as differential rates of whole-genome duplication in different groups, our results are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that genes involved in eye development and phototransduction duplicate at a higher rate in Pancrustacea, the group with the greatest variety of optical designs. The result that these genes have a significantly high number of co-duplications and co-losses could be influenced by shared functions or other unstudied factors such as synteny. Since we did not observe coduplication/co-loss of genes for all known functional modules (e.g. specific regulatory networks), the interactions among suites of known co-functioning genes (modules) may be plastic at the temporal scale of analysis performed here. Other factors in addition to gene duplication - such as cis-regulation, heterotopy, and co-option - are also likely to be strong factors in the diversification of eye types.
A model of defect-induced pairing in mixing layers

Experiment have shown that the well-known vortex pairing process may take place first in defect regions where the fundamental structure is weakest. A model is introduced here to describe this defect-induced pairing process. The model is constructed in such a way that, in a certain parameter range, a stable fundamental mode and a stable subharmonic mode may coexist. The numerical simulation demonstrates that, when initial conditions consist of a dominant fundamental with one or more defects, the subharmonic component is preferentially generated in the cores of these defects. Moreover, the results also indicate that pairing may first commence wherever the fundamental mode is weakest provided the white-noise level of the subharmonic is high enough. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Shape spectrum based view grouping and matching of 3D free-form objects

We address the problem of constructing view aspects of 3D free-form objects for efficient matching during recognition. We introduce a novel view representation based on "shape spectrum" features, and propose a general and powerful technique for organizing multiple views of objects of complex shape and geometry into compact and homogeneous clusters. Our view grouping technique obviates the need for surface segmentation and edge detection. Experiments on 6,400 synthetically generated views of 20 free-form objects and 100 real range images of 10 sculpted objects demonstrate the good performance of our shape spectrum based model view selection technique.
Synthesis of Azeotropic Batch Distillation Separation Systems

The sequencing of batch distillation systems, in particular batch distillation columns, can be complicated by the existence of azeotropes in the mixture. These azeotropes can form batch distillation regions where, depending on the initial feed to the batch column, the types of feasible products and separations are limited. It is very important that these distillation regions are known while attempting to synthesize sequences of batch columns so infeasible designs can be eliminated early on in the design phase. The distillation regions also give information regarding the feasible products that can be obtained when the mixture is separated by using a variety of batch column configurations. The authors will show how a tool for finding the batch distillation regions of a particular mixture can be used in the synthesis of batch distillation column sequences. These sequences are determined by the initial feed composition to the separation network. The network of all possible sequences will be generated by using state-task networks when batch rectifying, stripping, middle vessel, and extractive middle vessel columns are allowed. The authors do not determine which sequence is the best, as the best sequence will depend on the particular application to which one is applying the algorithms. Theymore » show an example problem for illustration of this technique.« less
Piecemeal Microautophagy of Nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nucleus-vacuole (NV) junctions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are formed through specific interactions between Vac8p on the vacuole membrane and Nvj1p in the nuclear envelope. Herein, we report that N...
An approximate annealing search algorithm to global optimization and its connection to stochastic approximation

The Annealing Adaptive Search (AAS) algorithm searches the feasible region of an optimization problem by generating candidate solutions from a sequence of Boltzmann distributions. However, the difficulty of sampling from a Boltzmann distribution at each iteration of the algorithm limits its applications to practical problems. To address this difficulty, we propose an approximation of AAS, called Model-based Annealing Random Search (MARS), that samples solutions from a sequence of surrogate distributions that iteratively approximate the target Boltzmann distributions. We present the global convergence properties of MARS by exploiting its connection to the stochastic approximation method and report on numerical results.
Towards a flexible global sensing infrastructure

Wireless sensor networks can potentially become larger, more prevalent, and interconnected via the Internet, forming a global sensing infrastructure that serves many users. In order to realize this and maximize its utility, it is necessary to develop a software architecture that enables new components to be integrated, multiple applications to share the same sensing substrate, and the integration of sensor and IP networks. We propose one such architecture that encodes applications as malleable, platform-independent, high-level mobile scripts. Multiple users are supported by allowing these scripts to execute concurrently, while flexibility is achieved by having them invoke platform-specific services. Services provide reusable functional capabilities that may vary across platforms and environmental conditions. They are platform-specific and may be discovered and redeployed on-demand at runtime. Service provision allows applications to exploit whatever computational capabilities are available, and new services to be added in response to changing application needs, resource availability, or environmental conditions. Our approach allows applications to function in diverse settings by employing dynamic rebinding of mobile scripts to different services as they execute over extended intervals across different types of networks.
Pharmacology of carbenicillin indanyl sodium in renal insufficiency.

One gram of indanyl carbenicillin was administered orally to 20 volunteers with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Concentrations of carbenicillin in serum and urine of volunteers with mild renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance of 3384 ml/min) were similar to those of normal subjects. Concentrations in serum of those with more pronounced renal impairment were approximately twice normal. There was no measurable carbenicillin recovered from the urine of patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance of less than 14 ml/min). Volunteers with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 17-22 ml/ min) had delayed excretion of carbenicillin with lower urinary concentrations. It was concluded that patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency would excrete sufficient carbenicillin, following an oral 1-gram dose, to treat satisfactorily urinary-tract infections due to carbenicillin-sensitive organisms. However, it is doubtful that, even with multiple doses, adequate concentrations can be obtained in the urine of patients with marked renal insufficiency.
A SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF ACCRETION DIAGNOSTICS FOR NEAR SOLAR MASS STARS IN IC 348

High-resolution optical and moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra were obtained for 40 near solar mass (~2.0-0.5 M⊙) members of the 2-3 Myr old cluster IC 348 in order to examine established accretion diagnostics and the coupling between inner disk gas and hot, micron-sized dust grains inferred from thermal and mid-infrared excesses. The stellar sample was drawn from the cluster census of Luhman in 2003 with membership being confirmed by radial velocity analysis and the presence of strong Li I λ6708 absorption. Of the stars included in this survey, 12 were classified by Lada in 2006 as hosting primordial, optically thick circumstellar disks, 5 as weak or transition disk systems, and 23 as non-excess stars using the measured slope of the stellar spectral energy distribution (SED) through the four Infrared Array Camera channels (3.6-8.0 μm) of Spitzer Space Telescope. Using the velocity width of Hα as an accretion indicator, we find that 11 primordial disk candidates are suspected accretors, suggesting a strong correlation between gaseous inner disks and optically thick dust emission. Of the five weak or transition disk systems observed, two (L21 and L67) exhibit spectroscopic features indicative of accretion. The presence of gas within the inner disk of these systems, which are free of infrared excess emission shortward of ~4.5 μm, may place constraints upon the physical mechanism responsible for inner disk clearing. Mass accretion rates (M) were determined for all suspected accretors using continuum excess measurements near λ6500 and established relationships between He I λ5876, Hα, Ca II λ8542, Paβ, and Brγ line fluxes and accretion luminosity. M values were found to range from log M to –7.2 M⊙ yr^–1, with a median value of –8.1 M⊙ yr^–1. Magnetospheric accretion models of Hα, Paβ, and Brγ emission by Muzerolle et al. and Kurosawa et al. are found to be in relative agreement with observed fluxes and derived M estimates. He I λ10830 with its metastable lower level is confirmed to be a critical indicator of magnetospheric accretion, although deep subcontinuum absorption profiles often associated with its emission are not fully understood. No statistically significant correlation is found between M and the slope of the SED from 3.6 to 8.0 μm or from 8.0 to 24.0 μm; however, the small number of suspected accretors examined does not allow broader conclusions to be drawn.
Unipolar radiofrequency treatment to improve the appearance of cellulite

Background: Previous studies suggest that radiofrequency (RF) energy may be effective as a treatment for cellulite. Objective: This bilateral paired blinded comparative study assesses the efficacy and safety of a unipolar RF device for improving the appearance of cellulite using a new quantitative cellulite grading system. Methods: In this randomized, blinded, split-design study, 10 individuals (aged 32–57 years) with a clinically observable excess of subcutaneous fat and cellulite (minimum grade 2 out of 4) on the thighs received up to six unilateral treatments (number of treatments at the investigator’s discretion) at 2-week intervals with unipolar RF. The untreated side of the thigh served as an internal control. Treated thighs were randomly assigned by alternate allocation. Results were evaluated using study participant questionnaires and by two blinded evaluators (JSD, KAA) using photographs and the author’s (MAA) cellulite grading scale at each treatment visit and at 1month and 3-month follow-up visits after the final treatment. A novel quantitative four-point cellulite grading system is presented and applied, which separately grades dimple density, dimple distribution, dimple depth, diameter and contour. Results: All participants responded to treatment (mean of 4.22 and range of three to six treatments). The blinded evaluations of photographs using the cellulite grading scale demonstrated the following mean grading scores for the treated leg versus the control leg: dimple density of 2.73 vs 3.18 (11.25% mean improvement), dimple distribution 2.89 vs 3.32 (10.75% mean improvement), dimple depth 1.47 vs 1.54 (2.5% mean improvement), and mean score of 2.36 (SEM 0.45) vs 2.68 (SEM 0.57) (8.00i2.84% mean improvement). The treatment was painless and side effects included minimal to moderate erythema which resolved within 1 to 3 hours. No crusting, scarring or dyspigmentation was observed. Conclusions: This randomized, blinded, split-design, controlled study employing a quantitative four-point grading scale demonstrated that this unipolar RF device is safe for the treatment of cellulite. Clinically visible and quantified improvement which did not achieve statistical significance but showed a trend toward improvement was observed in all patients following a mean of four treatments at 2-week intervals.
Polaronic and Bipolaronic Enhancement of Second Hyperpolarizabilities in Dithienyl Polyenes from Ab Initio Quantum Methods

Spangler and He [1,2] have shown that dithienyl polyenes form extremely stable bipolaronic dications when oxidatively doped in solution. Previous theoretical studies applied empirical methods to predict bipolaronic enhancement of hyperpolarizabilities for simple polyenes [3,4]. Here, we employ density functional theory to optimize the gas-phase molecular conformations of neutral, cationic, and dicationic forms of a series of dithienyl polyenes, where the number of ethene units, N, is varied from 1-5. Ab initio Hartree-Fock, generalized valence bond, configuration interaction, and Moller-Plesset calculations demonstrate that the dications are farily well described with a closed shell and therefore have little biradicaloid character. Second hyperpolarizabilities, γ, are subsequently calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock theory and a finite field methodology. As expected, γ increases with the number of ethene units for a given molecular charge. The cations also show the largest increase in γ with N. For a given value of N, the cations display the largest γ values. However, if we treat the dication as a triplet, which might be present in solution, then it displays the largest γ.
On the Development of Localized Arc Filament Plasma Actuators for High-Speed Flow Control 1

Recently developed Localized Arc Filament Plasma Actuators (LAFPAs) have shown authority in high-speed, high Reynolds number flow control for mixing enhancement and noise mitigation. Previously, these actuators were powered by a high voltage pulsed DC plasma generator with low energy coupling efficiency of a few percent. In the present work, a new custom-designed 8-channel pulsed RF plasma generator has been developed to power multiple plasma actuators operated over a wide range of forcing frequencies (up to 50 kHz) and duty cycles (1-50%), and at high energy coupling efficiency (up to 80-85%). This reduces input electrical power requirements by approximately an order of magnitude, down to 12 W per actuator operating at 10% duty cycle. The new pulsed RF plasma generator is scalable to a system with a large number of channels. Performance of pulsed RF plasma actuators used for flow control was studied in a Mach 0.9 circular jet with a Reynolds number of about 623,000 and compared with that of pulsed DC actuators. Eight actuators were distributed uniformly on the perimeter of a 2.54 cm diameter circular nozzle extension. Both types of actuators coupled approximately the same amount of power to the flow, but with drastically different electrical inputs to the power supplies. Particle image velocimetry measurements showed that jet centerline Mach number decay produced by DC and RF actuators operating at the same forcing frequencies and duty cycles is very similar. At a forcing Strouhal number near 0.3, close to the jet column instability frequency, well-organized periodic structures, with similar patterns and dimensions, were generated in the jets forced by both DC and RF actuators. Far-field acoustic measurements demonstrated similar trends in the Overall Sound Pressure Level (OASPL) change produced by both types of actuators, resulting in OASPL reduction up to 1.2-1.5 dB in both cases. We conclude that pulsed RF actuators demonstrate flow control authority similar to pulsed DC actuators, with a significantly reduced power budget.
On Accuracy of Switch-Level Modeling of Bridging Faults in Complex Gates

Bridging faults have been shown to be a major failure mode in VLSI devices. This study examines nMOS and CMOS complex gates in detail for bridging faults. Analysis is carried out using both switch and circuit level models for comparison. It is shown that in most cases, the switch level analysis predicts the correct behavior. A set of conditions are presented, under which the switch level analysis may fail to predict the correct behavior. These conditions can be used for accurate switch level test generation and simulation.
Context-Sensitive Solutions Versus Practical Solutions: What Are the Differences?

In recent years, the concept of the context-sensitive solution (CSSs) has been promoted by both AASHTO and FHWA as a best practice for project development. A CSS provides a systematic and comprehensive approach to project development from inception and planning through operations and maintenance. Recently, the economic constraints facing several state departments of transportation have created a new emphasis on financial issues as they relate to project development. Practical design and practical solutions are a process emphasizing design solutions that aim to achieve the maximum rate of return for the individual project and to maximize system returns. As a result, the concepts of practical design and practical solutions have seemingly clashed with CSS. In contrast, these concepts address and emphasize the systemwide optimization that was not addressed by CSS. Moreover, they improve CSS applications and principles by further refining them, and potentially they could add the need to consider systemwide imp...
Design and characterization of a photo-acoustic lens to generate tightly-focused and high frequency ultrasound

Ultrasound microscopy uses high frequency (>40 MHz) ultrasound to produce high resolution images. For high resolution microscopy, broadband ultrasound generation and detection is necessary. Because high frequency ultrasound experiences significant absorption loss that results in weaker signals, it is desirable to focus the energy for microscopy applications, which also results in higher lateral resolution. In this work, thermo-elastically generated ultrasound was brought into a tight focus by shining a ns laser pulse onto a thin metal film-coated concave surface. For ultrasound detection, we use polymer microring resonators which have high frequency and wide band response. We experimentally obtained spatial and temporal characteristics of focused ultrasound by optical generation and detection. The 3-dB spot width of the focused ultrasound is ~50 μm. By frequency filtering over 40~100 MHz, 21 μm width is obtained. The temporal profile is close to the time-derivative of laser pulse waveform. Frequency domain analysis for the signal shows that high frequency loss mechanism of our system is dominated by angular directivity of the microring detector. The issues to improve high frequency response are discussed.
Administration of Silica Sensitizes Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness of Murine Macrophages but Inhibits T and B Cell Priming by Inhibition of Antigen Presenting Function

Macrophages play a key role in natural host defense against infection by a variety of pathogens. In addition, macrophages initiate the development of acquired immunity via antigen processing and presentation. The role of macrophages in resistance to pathogens, the development of autoimmune diseases and the induction of acquired immunity has been studied by treatment of rodents with reagents which are cytotoxic. We have studied the effects of one such reagent, silica, on the function of spleen macrophages and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Intraperitoneal administration of silica caused the accumulation of spleen macrophages and neutrophils, reduction in the number of B cells and had a modest effect on T cell abundance. The percentage of CD11b+ PEC was not affected by silica treatment but total PEC recovery was diminished 5–8 fold. Silica treatment did not cause release of TNF-alpha or IL-1-beta but, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro after silica treatment, PEC or spleen macrophages p...
Real-time problem determination in distributed systems using active probing

We describe algorithms and an architecture for a real-time problem determination system that uses online selection of most-informative measurements - the approach called herein active probing. Probes are end-to-end test transactions which gather information about system components. Active probing allows probes to be selected and sent on-demand, in response to one's belief about the state of the system. At each step the most informative next probe is computed and sent. As probe results are received, belief about the system state is updated using probabilistic inference. This process continues until the problem is diagnosed. We demonstrate through both analysis and simulation that the active probing scheme greatly reduces both the number of probes and the time needed for localizing the problem when compared with non-active probing schemes.
A 4.25GHz-4.75GHz calibration-free fractional-N ring PLL using hybrid phase/current-mode phase interpolator with 13.2dB phase noise improvement

A calibration-free ring oscillator based fractional-N clock multiplier using hybrid phase/current-mode phase interpolator is presented. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS process, the prototype generates fractional frequencies from 4.25GHz-to-4.75GHz with in-band noise floor of -104dBc/Hz and 1.5ps integrated jitter. The clock multiplier achieves power efficiency of 2.4mW/GHz and FoM of -225.8dB.
Critical Care Echocardiography: Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Right heart failure is a common problem encountered in the intensive care unit. Echocardiography provides a means of rapidly assessing right heart function at the bedside. In this chapter, important basic parameters in the measurement of right heart structure and function with echocardiography are described. The use of echocardiography to evaluate right ventricular volume and pressure overload states as well as in the setting of pulmonary embolism is discussed. Advanced competencies in critical care echocardiography of the right heart, including echo-derived pulmonary vascular resistance and transesophageal echocardiography, are also reviewed. An understanding of the pathophysiology of right heart failure can allow thoughtful clinical correlation with the findings on critical care echocardiography, aiding in appropriate clinical decision making and triage in the care of intensive care unit patients with right heart failure.
Mario Vargas LLosa: intersticios de la historia

A traves de una lectura detallada de las estrategias narrativas en La tia Julia y el escribidor, Historia de Mayta, Lituma en los Andes y El sueno del celta, en este articulo se dirimen cuestiones acerca de la construccion de la verdad en las novelas y el discurso historico, asignando un papel preponderante a temas de genero
Geography in Election Forensics

We begin to investigate how geography affects the ability to draw inferences - based on reported vote counts - about election frauds or about other election features such as voters' strategies. Can we localize places where anomalies occur? It can be important to take into account geographic features such as local jurisdictional boundaries, but beyond that is proximity in physical space important? Should physically neighboring precincts be analyzed as having similar probabilities of frauds or of voters acting strategically, say, independent of whatever other covariates may be used in some model? We begin to study these concerns using data from several countries (Germany, Mexico, Russia).
A Hierarchical Equilibrium Theory of Systemic War

This study puts forward a theoretical framework which is suggested to explain the onset of systemic war and its absence during long periods of systemic continuity. The basis of this framework is an international structure, called the hierarchical equilibrium, which consists of: (a) two or more alliances (or other loose hierarchies such as loosely knit empires) of varying size and composition but clearly including a great power and a number of small powers within each; and (b) a relatively large number of small powers not formally associated with any of the great powers. A set of stochastic equilibrium equations is associated with the theory and was tested for the period 1816–1964 using Correlates of War dispute data. The equations were obeyed in the 19th century and post-World War II period, but not in the intervals approaching both World Wars, thus suggesting the ability of the framework to distinguish between essentially peaceful periods and those which are prone to the onset of systemic war.
Adaptive Learning in Time-Variant Processes With Application to Wind Power Systems

This study develops new adaptive learning methods for a dynamic system where the dependency among variables changes over time. In general, many statistical methods focus on characterizing a system or process with historical data and predicting future observations based on a developed time-invariant model. However, for a nonstationary process with time-varying input-to-output relationship, a single baseline curve may not accurately characterize the system’s dynamic behavior. This study develops kernel-based nonparametric regression models that allow the baseline curve to evolve over time. Applying the proposed approach to a real wind power system, we investigate the nonstationary nature of wind effect on the turbine response. The results show that the proposed methods can dynamically update the time-varying dependency pattern and can track changes in the operational wind power system.
Ethical Issues When Graduate Students Act as Mentors

The field of ethics in psychology has devoted a great deal of attention to the ethical issues that arise when students and faculty develop mentor–mentee relationships. However, little attention has been given to examining the role of graduate students acting as mentors. Graduate students often supervise and evaluate undergraduates as a part of research and teaching responsibilities, and may act as mentors to more junior graduate students. This article discusses the unique qualities and ethical considerations of graduate students in mentoring relationships. Finally, this article concludes with recommendations on ethical mentorship inspired by the American Psychological Association (2010) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct.
AFP-Producing Adenocarcinoma of the Lung with Extrathoracic Lymphnode Metastasis; a case report

A 42-year-old man with primary lung cancer had preoperative serum levels of 8.1 ng/ml of CEA and 242 ng/ml of AFP, respectively. Right upper lobectomy was performed with resection of the chest wall and mediastinal lymphnode dissection. During resection of the second rib which had been infiltrated, an extrathoracic lymphnode metastasis was found. There were no hilar or mediastinal lymphnode metastases. The lung tumor which had infiltrated the chest wall had metastasized directly to the lymphnode outside the thoracic cavity. The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, p-T3NOM 1-stage IV. Both AFP and CEA were demonstrated in the tumor cells by the Avidin-blotin complex method. The serum AFP level increased again, and a right axillary lymphnode was found to be enlarged. It was removed, and the serum AFP level returned to normal. In this case, AFP reflected the treatment process more precisely than did CEA. The patient is alive and well eight months after surgery with no relapse or known metastasis.
Derrida, the death penalty, and the theologico-political:

With The Death Penalty, Volume 1, Jacques Derrida begins his own philosophical discourse on the death penalty, across 22 sessions of his ‘‘Death Penalty Seminars.’’ For Derrida, ‘‘discourse . . . in its philosophical systematicity’’ means thinking as ‘‘deconstruction . . . of everything with which it [the death penalty] is in solidarity— beginning with a certain concept of sovereignty—of its entire scaffolding (and likewise, of the discourse on what is called ‘the animal’).’’ As always with Derrida, we recall that ‘‘to deconstruct’’ is not to destroy; it is to trace the complexities within which a focused theme, topic or event is inscribed, and so unravel that complexity, allowing new, often unexpected, insights to emerge. This deconstruction of everything in solidarity with the death penalty will entail a critique of the theological, or better, in Derrida’s language, of the ‘‘theologicopolitical apparatus’’ in which the death penalty is inscribed. In short, one cannot condemn the death penalty philosophically without challenging the ways theology helps underwrite it. Before I say how this works for Derrida, let us make sure we grasp the momentousness of the text we have before us. Theology Today 2015, Vol. 72(1) 100–108 ! The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0040573614563884 ttj.sagepub.com
Symptom Analysis and Fault Diagnosis of An Unsteady Vibration Caused by the Accumulated Oil Carbide Near the Bearing

A serious unstable vibration occurred in a gas turbineduring normal operation.It influences the safe and reliable operation of the unit.By the detailed test and analysis of the vibration signal,we found that the oil carbide accumulation near the bearing under the high temperature environment is the main cause of theabnormal vibration.Vibration fault is solved successfully after removement of the oil carbide.
The hidden competitive weapon supporting innovation in health care.

It is trite to say health care is experiencing an era of unprecedented change. However, with the preoccupation with reimbursement and economic reform, it is easy to focus on this single dimension and lose sight of the pervasiveness of the need for continuous change throughout the entire health care organization. Health care organizations that will emerge as leaders within the industry will have incorporated not only radical changes to deal with new patterns of reimbursement, but also simultaneous changes in core medical services--changes that not only incorporate new technology, but also push down costs. They will also have to cope with radical changes in information and quality systems. Physical facilities will look less like citadels, and new flexible architectures will emerge. Coping with transportation logistics and remote site service provision will be part of the new industry. Patients will become full partners in ?health,? requiring very different approaches to patient education and involvement in prevention, not simply treatment. Indeed, without belaboring the almost endless list, it is impossible to think of a single dimension of health care that will be untouched.
Management of vascular injuries

Although major vascular injuries can be encountered in any civilian setting, the highest incidence is in urban areas where violence is endemic. Penetrating wounds caused by knives and bullets are usually seen, but accidental stab wounds caused by shards of glass or metal also occur. The damage produced by knives or bullets travelling at a low velocity is mainly confined to the wound tract, but high-velocity bullets are associated with blast injury. As the blast cavity collapses, a suction effect is generated which can draw skin, dirt and bits of clothing into the wound. Secondary missiles (bullet fragments or bone splinters) can produce further damage. Such destructive effects may not be suspected from inspection of the skin where, in some cases, rather small wounds are present1,2.
Phase I trial of continuous infusion recombinant interleukin-2 and intermittent recombinant interferon-alpha 2a: clinical effects

A phase I trial of high-dose continuous infusion rIL-2 over 5 days and i.m. recombinant human interferon-alpha (rHuIFN-alpha 2a) three times weekly in 23 patients with advanced malignancy has been completed. Cohorts of patients were treated at three different dose levels: rIL-2 3.0 x 10(6) u/m2 plus rHuIFN-alpha 2a either 5.0 or 10.0 x 10(6) u/m2, and rIL-2 4.5 x 10(6) u/m2 plus rHuIFN-alpha 2a 5.0 x 10(6) u/m2 over 4 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity consisted of pulmonary and neurologic side effects, and the maximal tolerated dose was 3.0 x 10(6) u/m2 on days 1-5 or rIL-2, and 10.0 x 10(6) u/m2 three times weekly of rHuIFN-alpha 2a. Four partial responses (renal carcinoma, three; endometrial carcinoma, one) were seen. In conclusion, toxicity of this schedule of rIL-2 and rHuIFN-alpha 2a was significant, but manageable. Further investigation is needed to define the antitumor activity of this combination.
Language, transference, and the developmental context in child analysis.

(2002). Language, Transference, and the Developmental Context in Child Analysis. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 355-373.
Immunization with a zoophilic strain of Schistosoma japonicum: A re-evaluation of the Formosan strain of S. japonicum in rhesus monkeys*

The zoophilic Formosan strain of Schistosoma japonicum has been reported to be very effective in immunizing rhesus monkeys against the pathogenic Japanese strain. Before its potential as a human vaccine could be evaluated, more information was needed on its protective properties against other pathogenic strains, on its ability to decrease clinical disease and on the amount of pathology resulting from its use. Rhesus monkeys given five immunizing exposures to the Formosan strain had significant reductions in quantitative egg excretions and in worm fecundity after challenge with the Philippine strain. Three of 4 such monkeys had greatly reduced worm burdens. The prepatent period was extended almost a week in immunized monkeys. Evidence is offered that fecal egg counts should not be used as a definitive criterion of immune status. Unimmunized monkeys challenged with the Philippine strain experienced a leucocytosis and hyperglobulinemia (IgG) at the onset of egg excretion, neither of which occurred in immunized monkeys. Quantitative egg counts in tissue digests demonstrated that immunization did not significantly reduce the number of eggs trapped in the liver. Granulomas in the liver and intestinal tissues were comparable in immunized monkeys and their controls. Liver and spleen to body weight ratios and serum enzyme levels were not altered either by immunization or by challenge. Immunization alone induced dermal immediate hypersensitivity reactions in all monkeys and circulating specific reaginic antibody detectable by P-K testing in 6 of 8 monkeys. Challenge with the Philippine strain resulted in reaginic antibody in all instances 60 days later. Circumoval precipitins were detected not only in monkeys harboring adult worms, but also in those exposed to only the immunizing infection. A marked eosinophilia resulted from multiple exposures to the Formosan strain. All monkeys exposed only to the Formosan strain had worms at autopsy, including mature egg-laying females. These latter animals displayed liver granulomas. These results indicate the Formosan zoophilic strain of S. japonicum can immunize partially but not completely against challenge with a pathogenic strain.
The effect of combat experience on adult attachment: A stepfamily perspective

SummarySocial science researchers have long examined the impact of combat experience on individual and family outcomes, but doing so within a stepfamily context has yet to be done. Drawn from a sample of young adults living in the USA, this study examines the effect of emerging adults’ combat experience on the relationship between their childhood attachment with a biological parent in a stepfamily setting and their adult attachment style with a romantic partner.FindingsResults of multiple regression analysis indicate that a secure parent–child relationship within a stepfamily reduces the likelihood of exhibiting more characteristics of avoidant attachment style in adulthood. However, when interacted with combat experience, a secure parent-child relationship significantly increases the likelihood of exhibiting more characteristics of avoidant attachment in adulthood.ApplicationsResults from this study advance previous research findings on the effect of wartime experience on individual outcomes by examining...
A Call to Action: The Challenges of Creative Teaching and Learning.

Background/ContextIn spite of the widely acknowledged importance of creativity to society and the economy, scholars have had difficulty providing research-based recommendations for how to foster cr...
Cosine edge modes in a periodically driven quantum system

Time-periodic (Floquet) topological phases of matter exhibit bulk-edge relationships that are more complex than static topological insulators and superconductors. Finding the edge modes unique to driven systems usually requires numerics. Here we present a minimal two-band model of Floquet topological insulators and semimetals in two dimensions where all the bulk and edge properties can be obtained analytically. It is based on the extended Harper model of quantum Hall effect at flux one-half. We show that periodical driving gives rise to a series of phases characterized by a pair of integers. The model has a most striking feature: the spectrum of the edge modes is always given by a single cosine function, $\ensuremath{\omega}({k}_{y})\ensuremath{\propto}cos{k}_{y}$ where ${k}_{y}$ is the wave number along the edge, as if it is freely dispersing and completely decoupled from the bulk. The cosine mode is robust against the change in driving parameters. It also persists in the semimetallic phases with Dirac points.
Cadherin tales: Regulation of cadherin function by endocytic membrane trafficking

Cadherins are the primary adhesion molecules in adherens junctions and desmosomes and play essential roles in embryonic development. Although significant progress has been made in understanding cadherin structure and function, we lack a clear vision of how cells confer plasticity upon adhesive junctions to allow for cellular rearrangements during development, wound healing and metastasis. Endocytic membrane trafficking has emerged as a fundamental mechanism by which cells confer a dynamic state to adhesive junctions. Recent studies indicate that the juxtamembrane domain of classical cadherins contains multiple endocytic motifs, or "switches," that can be used by cellular membrane trafficking machinery to regulate adhesion. The cadherin-binding protein p120-catenin (p120) appears to be the master regulator of access to these switches, thereby controlling cadherin endocytosis and turnover. This review focuses on p120 and other cadherin-binding proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and growth factors as key modulators of cadherin membrane trafficking.
Abstract A12: Analysis of tumor immunogenicity in germline BRCA1/2 mutation associated breast and ovarian cancers

Germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA 2 can lead to increased genomic instability and mutational burden in mutation-associated breast and ovarian cancer. Given the association of tumor neoepitope load and clinical response to immune checkpoint therapy, we used whole exome sequencing (WES) to predict missense mutational burden and potential neoepitope expression in 34 breast and 71 ovarian tumors with germline BRCA1/2 mutations (combining Penn and TCGA cohorts). Analysis of WES data found that tumors from patients with BRCA1/2 mutations had significantly higher mutational burden than non-BRCA1/2 tumors (p Citation Format: Adam Kraya, Kara N. Maxwell, Brandon M. Wenz, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Daniel De Sloover, Nicole Lunceford, Amanda Barrett, Jennifer D. Morrissette, Michael Feldman, Robert H. Vonderheide, Susan M. Domcheck, Katherine L. Nathanson. Analysis of tumor immunogenicity in germline BRCA1/2 mutation associated breast and ovarian cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.