cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural aspects of the reaction of Ni with Si{111} surfaces

Abstract LEED (low-energy electron diffraction) intensity studies confirm the formation of epitaxial NiSi2 on Si {111} with two different rotational orientations (A- and B-type) depending on the initial amount of Ni. The existence of a well-crystallized Si {111}√3 × √3−30°-Ni structure at a surface coverage of 1 3 − 2 3 monolayer is established. The LEED intensities from this structure are found to change after different preparations. These variations can be explained by the existence of at least two equivalent adsorption sites for Ni in each √3 unit mesh, and the coexistence of two rotational domains of the √3 structure at 60° from one another.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF MALIGNANT TUMOURS

Abstract Porphyrins are powerful photodynamic agents which sensitise cells so that they are damaged when exposed to light. Malignant tumours take up and retain haematoporphyrin to a greater extent than does normal tissue. This study is a test of the idea that haematoporphyrin can serve as a selective photosensitising agent to destroy tumour cells by exposure to visible light. The administration of haematoporphyrin followed by light therapy proved lethal to glioma cells in culture and produced massive destruction of porphyrin-containing gliomas transplanted subcutaneously in rats. Treatment with light or haematoporphyrin individually was without effect. Photodynamic therapy offers a new approach to the treatment of brain tumours and other neoplasms resistant to existing forms of therapy.
Cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy of the jet-cooled aluminum dimer

The 2 3Π−X 3Π electronic band system of the aluminum dimer has been measured with the CRLAS technique. While several vibronic bands were examined under high resolution, no rotational features could be discerned. Band contours imply a rapid (τ < 10 ps) predissociation in the upper state, explaining why this band system was not observed in previous R2PI and LIF studies. The upper electronic state was determined to have a vibrational frequency of 210 ± 4 cm−1.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF PARALLEL QUEUES WITH BATCH SERVICE

We consider the problem of dynamic allocation of a single server with batch processing capability to a set of parallel queues. Jobs from different classes cannot be processed together in the same batch. The arrival processes are mutually independent Poisson flows with equal rates. Batches have independent and identically distributed exponentially distributed service times, independent of the batch size and the arrival processes. It is shown that for the case of infinite buffers, allocating the server to the longest queue, stochastically maximizes the aggregate throughput of the system. For the case of equal-size finite buffers the same policy stochastically minimizes the loss of jobs due to buffer overflows. Finally, for the case of unequal-size buffers, a threshold-type policy is identified through an extensive simulation study and shown to consistently outperform other conventional policies. The good performance of the proposed threshold policy is confirmed in the heavy-traffic regime using a fluid model.
A genome-wide inducible phenotypic screen identifies antisense RNA constructs silencing Escherichia coli essential genes

Regulated antisense RNA (asRNA) expression has been employed successfully in Gram-positive bacteria for genome-wide essential gene identification and drug target determination. However, there have been no published reports describing the application of asRNA gene silencing for comprehensive analyses of essential genes in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we report the first genome-wide identification of asRNA constructs for essential genes in Escherichia coli. We screened 250 000 library transformants for conditional growth inhibitory recombinant clones from two shotgun genomic libraries of E. coli using a paired-termini expression vector (pHN678). After sequencing plasmid inserts of 675 confirmed inducer sensitive cell clones, we identified 152 separate asRNA constructs of which 134 inserts came from essential genes, while 18 originated from nonessential genes (but share operons with essential genes). Among the 79 individual essential genes silenced by these asRNA constructs, 61 genes (77%) engage in processes related to protein synthesis. The cell-based assays of an asRNA clone targeting fusA (encoding elongation factor G) showed that the induced cells were sensitized 12-fold to fusidic acid, a known specific inhibitor. Our results demonstrate the utility of the paired-termini expression vector and feasibility of large-scale gene silencing in E. coli using regulated asRNA expression.
c-Myb and Members of the c-Ets Family of Transcription Factors Act as Molecular Switches to Mediate Opposite Steroid Regulation of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor 1A Promoter

Steroid auto-regulation of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) 1A promoter in lymphoblast cells resides largely in two DNA elements (footprints 11 and 12). We show here that c-Myb and c-Ets family members (Ets-1/2, PU.1, and Spi-B) control hGR 1A promoter regulation in T- and B-lymphoblast cells. Two T-lymphoblast lines, CEM-C7 and Jurkat, contain high levels of c-Myb and low levels of PU.1, whereas the opposite is true in IM-9 B-lymphoblasts. In Jurkat cells, overexpression of c-Ets-1, c-Ets-2, or PU.1 effectively represses dexamethasone-mediated up-regulation of an hGR 1A promoter-luciferase reporter gene, as do dominant negative c-Myb (c-Myb DNA-binding domain) or Ets proteins (Ets-2 DNA-binding domain). Overexpression of c-Myb in IM-9 cells confers hormone-dependent up-regulation to the hGR 1A promoter reporter gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that hormone treatment causes the recruitment of hGR and c-Myb to the hGR 1A promoter in CEM-C7 cells, whereas hGR and PU.1 are recruited to this promoter in IM-9 cells. These observations suggest that the specific transcription factor that binds to footprint 12, when hGR binds to the adjacent footprint 11, determines the direction of hGR 1A promoter auto-regulation. This leads to a "molecular switch" model for auto-regulation of the hGR 1A promoter.
R-matrix calculations for electron-impact excitation of C(+), N(2+), and O(3+) including fine structure

The new R-matrix package for comprehensive close-coupling calculations for electron scattering with the first three ions in the boron isoelectronic sequence, the astrophysically significant C(+), N(2+), and O(3+), is presented. The collision strengths are calculated in the LS coupling approximation, as well as in pair-coupling scheme, for the transitions among the fine-structure sublevels. Calculations are carried out at a large number of energies in order to study the detailed effects of autoionizing resonances.
Shaker speeds for aerobic soil slurry incubations

Abstract Rates of soil microbial activity are frequently assayed using shaken slurries of soil. Soil slurries are typically shaken at speeds of 120 to 200 revolutions min‐1 in an effort to maintain uniform concentrations of oxygen (O2) and other substrates. Few studies have examined whether or not the shaking speeds were sufficient to achieve adequate aeration and mixing. In this study, concentrations of O2 and rates of nitrification and denitrification were measured in soil slurries (100 mL solution + 10 g soil) contained in 250‐mL Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were shaken at speeds ranging from 112 to 200 rev. min‐1 (corresponding to relative centrifugal forces of 0.14 to 0.45 x gravity). While concentrations of O2 in the bulk solution remained high throughout the incubations, significant rates of denitrification occurred at shaking speeds ≤ 155 rev. min‐1. Nitrification rates generally increased with shaking speeds up to 180 rev. min‐1. Nitrification rates at 180 and 200 rev. min‐1 were not significant...
Profit tax and tariff under international oligopoly

Abstract A simple model of international duopoly is developed to examine the effects of tariff and corporate profit tax. It is shown that in an export-cum-on-site-production regime, a tariff continues to be an effective instrument for shifting net profit away from foreign to domestic firms. A corporate profit tax, on the other hand, could lower the domestic output and employment and decrease the net earnings of both domestic and foreign firms. Thus when the host government's ability to raise tariff is limited, it should seriously consider a corporate tax cut policy to achieve the dual purpose of creating more jobs and increasing corporate earning at home.
Theoretical Analysis of the Electronic Structure and Bonding Stability of the TCNE Dimer Dianion (TCNE)22

The (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) dimer dianion formed by connecting two TCNE(-) anions via a four-center, two-electron pi-orbital bond is studied using ab initio theoretical methods and a model designed to simulate the stabilization due to surrounding counterions. (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) is examined as an isolated species and in a solvation environment representative of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The intrinsic strength of this novel bond and the influences of internal Coulomb repulsions, of solvent stabilization and screening, and of counterion stabilization are all considered. The geometry, electronic and thermodynamic stabilities, electronic absorption spectra, and electron detachment energies of this novel dianion are examined to help understand recent experimental findings. Our findings lead us to conclude that the (TCNE)(2)(2)(-) dianion's observation in solid materials is likely a result of its stabilization by surrounding countercations. Moreover, our results suggest the dianion is geometrically metastable in THF solution, with a barrier to dissociation into two TCNE(-) anions that can be quickly surmounted at room temperature but not at 77 K. This finding is consistent with what is observed in laboratory studies of low- and room-temperature solutions of salts containing this dianion. Finally, we assign two peaks observed (at 77 K in methyl-THF glass) in the UV-vis region to (1) electronic transitions involving the four-center orbitals and (2) detachment of an electron from the four-center pi-bonding orbital to generate (TCNE)(2)(-) + e(-).
Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip

On-chip optical buffers based on waveguide delay lines might have significant implications for the development of optical interconnects in computer systems. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) submicrometre photonic wire waveguides are used, because they can provide strong light confinement at the diffraction limit, allowing dramatic scaling of device size. Here we report on-chip optical delay lines based on such waveguides that consist of up to 100 microring resonators cascaded in either coupled-resonator or all-pass filter (APF) configurations. On-chip group delays exceeding 500 ps are demonstrated in a device with a footprint below 0.09 mm2. The trade-offs between resonantly enhanced group delay, device size, insertion loss and operational bandwidth are analysed for various delay-line designs. A large fractional group delay exceeding 10 bits is achieved for bit rates as high as 20 Gbps. Measurements of system-level metrics as bit error rates for different bit rates demonstrate error-free operation up to 5 Gbps.
Cell surface properties of normal, differentiating, and neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells

Acinar, centroacinar, and endocrine cells of the adult rat pancreas each exhibit distinctive cell-surface glycoconjugate patterns as detected by binding of a battery of lectin-ferritin conjugates. Acquisition of these unique glycoconjugate patterns appears to be developmentally regulated, as studies on embryonic rat pancreases at days 15, 17, and 19 of gestation indicate. Further, the three cell types appear to arise from a common stem cell(s) with surface glycoconjugate properties similar to those of the adult centroacinar cell. STudies on the cell-surface properties of a rat acinar cell tumor indicate that the neoplastic acinar cells are likely to be arrested at a developmental stage equivalent to acinar cells of the day 19 embryonic pancreas and are characterized by absence of detectable basal lamina. We hypothesize that pancreatic cancers may arise from the equivalent of the undifferentiated embryonic stem cell(s) and that the morphologic features of the tumor depend on the extent of cell differentiation, including expression of cell-surface glycoproteins and extracellular matrix, prior to neoplastic proliferation.
HIV resistance and the effectiveness of combination antiretroviral treatment

The emergence of resistance driven by the selective pressure of antimicrobial therapy has challenged generations of clinicians and scientists. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, antiretroviral (ARV) resistance has played a significant part in the management of HIV-infected persons. Recent discoveries regarding the impact of ARV resistance on clinical outcomes can have far-reaching implications in the treatment strategies employed in several diverse clinical settings.
Towards robust compressed-domain video watermarking for H.264

As H.264 digital video becomes more prevalent, the industry needs copyright protection and authentication methods that are appropriate for this standard. The goal of this paper is to propose a robust watermarking algorithm for H.264. To achieve this goal, we employ a human visual model adapted for a 4x4 DCT block to obtain a larger payload and a greater robustness while minimizing visual distortion. We use a key-dependent algorithm to select a subset of the coefficients with visual watermarking capacity for watermark embedding to obtain robustness to malicious attacks. Furthermore, we spread the watermark over frequencies and within blocks to avoid error pooling. The error pooling effect, introduced by Watson, has not been considered in previous perceptual watermarking algorithms. Our simulation results show that we can increase the payload and robustness without a noticeable change in perceptual quality by reducing this effect. We embed the watermark in the residuals to avoid decompressing the video, and to reduce the complexity of the watermarking algorithm. However, we extract the watermark from the decoded video sequence to make the algorithm robust to intraprediction mode changes. Our simulation results shows that we obtain robustness to filtering, 50% cropping, and requantization attacks.
Imaging vascular implants with optical coherence tomography

Vascular stents and grafts have many proven and promising clinical applications, but also a large number of complications. A focus of current research is the development of biocompatible implants. Evaluation of these devices generally requires a large number of animals due to the need for explanation and histological evaluation of the implant at several time intervals. It would be desirable to use instead a high resolution, in situ assessment method. An in vitro study was performed to determine if OCT could image cell proliferation and thrombus formation on vascular stents and grafts. First, images were taken of explanted stents. The implants were locate din peripheral vessels of a porcine model of atherosclerosis. The images clearly show the vessel response to initial damage, the materials of the implant, extent of intimal cell hyper proliferation, and small platelet aggregates. Next, a tissue engineered graft, which had been sodded with smooth muscle cells and incubated in a bioreactor, was evaluated. Cross-section images showed the pores of the polymer material and the layer of smooth muscle cells beginning to invade the graft material. For comparison, in vitro 20 MHz IVUS images of the same grafts were obtained. A catheter was designed for intravascular imaging. The 2.3 mm diameter catheter contains a fiber with GRIN lens and right angle prism, a monorail guidewire, and a novel positioning wire that can be protruded to push the catheter against the vessel wall, potentially eliminating the need for saline flush. Preliminary in vitro results with this catheter are encouraging.
Nocturnal acid breakthrough in children with reflux esophagitis taking proton pump inhibitors.

Objectives We aimed to determine if nocturnal acid breakthrough occurs in children receiving proton pump inhibitors for reflux esophagitis, and to compare the healing of esophagitis in children with nocturnal acid breakthrough receiving proton pump inhibitors +/- ranitidine. Methods This is a prospective, double-blind study. Endoscopic and histologic esophagitis were scored 0-4 and 0-3, respectively. Patients were treated with a proton pump inhibitor twice daily and esophagogastric pH monitoring was performed at week 3. Patients with nocturnal acid breakthrough were randomized. One group received ranitidine and the other received placebo at bedtime in addition to proton pump inhibitor therapy. Endoscopy was performed on all patients (with pH monitoring on patients with nocturnal acid breakthrough) during the 17th week of therapy. Results We enrolled 18 patients, ages 1 to 13 years (mean = 10.3 years). Mean baseline endoscopic and histologic scores were 3.1 +/- 1.4 and 1.8 +/- 0.7, respectively. Mean dose of proton pump inhibitor was 1.3 mg/kg +/- 0.6. Nocturnal acid breakthrough was documented in 16/18 (89%) patients. Seven patients received ranitidine and 9 received placebo. The reflux index improved: mean of 14.3 at baseline, 2.0 at week 3 (P = 0.0001), and 5.1 at week 17 (P = 0.09). Nocturnal acid breakthrough persisted in 9/12 (75%) patients, 3 of whom received ranitidine at bedtime. Esophagitis improved in all patients following therapy: mean endoscopy and histology scores were 1.6 +/- 1.8 (P = 0.0020) and 0.8 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.0013), respectively. Symptoms significantly improved from a mean score of 2.0 at baseline to 0.4 at week 17 (P = 0.0001). Conclusions Nocturnal acid breakthrough is common in pediatric patients treated with proton pump inhibitors. Reflux index remains normal in spite of nocturnal acid breakthrough. Symptoms and esophagitis continued to improve during therapy in spite of nocturnal acid breakthrough. There appears to be no additional benefit to supplementation with ranitidine at bedtime.
Selective cell association of catecholamine neurons in brain aggregates in vitro

Abstract Brain tissues (aggregates) were reconstructed in vitro from dissociated single cell suspensions derived from 12- to 18-day embryonic mouse midbrain containing the substantia nigra. The application of the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence method to these cell systems allows the visualization and identification of this specific population of developing catecholamine (CA) neurons during their reassmebly, differentiation and histogenetic patterning in vitro. CA neurons are unselectively distributed in the initial dissociated cell suspension and in the reaggregating tissue up to 24 h. By 48 h the CA neurons have selectively associated into small clusters which further coalesce into a thick and elongated band along one margin of the aggregate by 96 h. This structure is similar in organization to the morphology exhibited by substantia nigra neurons in situ during their migratory phase in normal development. In addition, the differentiated neurons observed in the later aggregates appear to produce normal processes. Catecholamine analyses show a significant increase in dopamine and noradrenaline levels during the process of differentiation and histogenetic organization in vitro.
The mean value theorem and analytic functions of a complex variable

The mean value theorem for real-valued differentiable functions defined on an interval is one of the most fundamental results in Analysis. When it comes to complex-valued functions the theorem fails even if the function is differentiable throughout the complex plane. we illustrate this by means of examples and also present three results of a positive nature.
A simplified approach for predicting temperatures in fire exposed steel members

Abstract For evaluating fire resistance of steel structural members, temperatures in the cross section of the member are required. In this paper, a simplified approach for evaluating cross sectional temperature in contour protected steel members exposed to fire is presented. The approach is derived utilizing simplifying assumptions to the general heat transfer equation for standard fire and is then extended for application under design fire scenarios. The proposed approach is applicable for both protected and unprotected steel sections. The validity of the approach is established by comparing predicted temperatures with those obtained from finite element analysis generated via ANSYS. In addition, predictions from the proposed method are also compared with the temperatures predicted by “best-fit” method. The comparisons to test data, finite element results and best-fit method indicate that the proposed simplified method gives good predictions of fire induced thermal gradient and temperature history in steel sections under any fire exposure. The simplicity of the proposed method makes it attractive for use in design situations.
Visualization of three-dimensional CFD solutions

The implementation is described of the FLOWVIS flow visualization package on a graphics supercomputer that provides real-time interactive investigation of three-dimensional CFD solutions on structured and unstructured meshes. The data structures are briefly described and the methods of visualizing flow fields are examined, including surface plots, particle paths, and planar displays in the flow field. Preliminary results using the package and work in progress are discussed.
Correlations for convective heat transfer in vertical annular gas layers with constant heat flux on the inner wall

Resultats de mercure du transfert de chaleur par convection dans l'air et l'helium dans des espaces annulaires verticaux a flux thermique constant sur la paroi interne et temperature constante sur la paroi externe. Etablissement de correlations pour le nombre de Nusselt
Strain Energies of Silicon Rings and Clusters

Strain energies of silicon ring and cluster compounds can be calculated as energy changes of homodesmotic reactions that convert cyclic structures into acyclic molecules. The energy changes of these reactions can be calculated by taking differences between ab initio energies of products and reactants. Since homodesmotic reactions conserve bond types and preserve atomic valence environments, one can anticipate cancellation of much of basis set and electron correlation errors in individual molecular energies when energy differences are taken. This study involved ab initio geometry-optimized calculations at both the RHF and MP2 levels using the 6-31G** basis set. Calculated strain energies of the cyclosilanes (SiH2)n can be compared with experimental estimates and with the well established strain energies of the cycloalkanes (CH2)n. Strain energies of the polyhedral silanes (SiH)2n can be compared with those of the isostructural hydrocarbons. Except for tetrahedral (SiH)4 and (CH)4, which have large and comp...
Study of planarization of cobalt silicide lines and silicon surfaces by scanning force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Fine lines of 1.5‐μm‐wide and 80‐nm‐thick Co were patterned by a lithographic technique and deposited by electron gun onto (100) Si surfaces. Reacting the Co and Si to form CoSi2 lines was carried out at 600 °C in He atmosphere. The composite surface consisting of alternating silicides and Si as seen by scanning electron microscopy showed qualitatively that the silicide lines have sunk completely into the Si and the entire surface appears planar. Quantitative changes in vertical direction before and after the formation of the silicide lines have been measured by atomic force microscopy.
Essentially Contested Concepts and the Teaching of Political Science

(1977). Essentially Contested Concepts and the Teaching of Political Science. Teaching Political Science: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 423-433.
On the independence of judged frequencies for items presented in successive lists

In an experiment examining retroactive interference effects in a frequency-judging task, all Ss were presented with a list of words occurring varying numbers of times according to either a massed- or distributed-practive (MP or DP) schedule. They were then asked to judge how often each word had occurred. Following this, Ss were given one of four types of second tasks a second list with different items followed by a frequency-judging task for that list (Condition New): a second list with items repeated from the first list but with different frequencies for each item, while either maintaining items as either MP or DP items (Condition Same) or switching MP items to DP, and vice versa (Condition Reverse): followed by a frequency-judging task for the second-list frequencies only: or a puzzle task for the amount of time required for second-list presentation and judgment in the other conditions (Condition None). Finally, all Ss were asked to recall List 1 frequencies, List 2 frequencies were less discriminable in Conditions Same and Reverse than in Condition New. Recall of List 1 frequencies, however, was not different for these three groups, but was poorer than in List 2 frequency judgments were not independent of List 1 frequencies.
Regulation of the spontaneous contractile activity of the portal vein by the sarcoplasmic reticulum: evidence from the phospholamban gene-ablated mouse

The rapid contraction/relaxation cycles of phasic smooth muscles necessitates intracellular calcium cycling at a more rapid rate than that of tonic smooth muscles. Recent studies suggest that sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling is an important determinant of portal vein phasic contractions. We evaluated the importance and role of phospholamban, a protein which inhibits the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium ATPase (SERCA), in regulating the contractility of the phasic mouse portal vein. PLB gene ablation significantly reduced the basal frequency of spontaneous mechanical activity and increased force development of the portal vein. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibitor of SERCA, did not significantly affect the spontaneous activity of the wild-type (WT) portal vein. CPA (1 μM) eliminated the differences in frequency and force between the PLB-KO and WT, localizing the effects to the SR. The PLB-KO portal vein had a lower resting membrane potential than WT controls. There were no significant differences between WT and KO responses to charybdotoxin (250 nM), indicating that calcium-activated potassium channels do not contribute to altered KO portal vein contractility. While contractile sensitivity to acetylcholine was not different between WT and PLB-KO portal veins, force generated in response to a given concentration of acetylcholine was significantly greater in the PLB-KO portal vein, both in the absence and presence of CPA. Our results confirm that SR activity can play a major role in modulating the frequency of the spontaneous mechanical activity of portal veins and removal of PLB inhibition of the SR calcium ATPase has significant effects on the spontaneous activity of the portal vein.
Test of fundamental symmetries in the A = 12 nuclei

It is shown in a model-independent fashion that, even without the conserved vector current test by extracting the shape factors from the observed ${e}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ energy spectra in the beta decays of $^{12}\mathrm{B}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{N}$, the validity of conservation of vector current and partial conservation of axial vector current and the absence of second-class axial currents have now been individually confirmed by the combination of the muon capture data and the results of the recent asymmetry measurements. On the other hand, it is found that the presence of appreciable meson-exchange corrections does not cause a serious discrepancy between the asymmetry data and the Cohen-Kurath nuclear model after the spin-quadrupole-moment term (from the $L=2$ component of the lepton wave functions) and all the theoretical uncertainties are also taken into account.
Inaccuracy and Testimonial Literature: The Case of Loung Ung's First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers

In his 2001 review essay of three survivor accounts of the Cambodian genocide (1975-79), Sody Lay criticizes Loung Ung’s First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers (2000) for historical and cultural inaccuracies, calling Ung’s testimonial text “a sensationalization and over-dramatization of the Killing Fields experience” (“Cambodian” 173). Lay not only accuses Ung of consciously manipulating her story for “the sake of making a buck,” but he also questions her status as a Cambodian: “Given Ung’s lack of memory and her apparent disdain for everything Khmer, it is not only ironic but misrepresentative for her book to be subtitled ‘a daughter of Cambodia remembers’” (181). The Khmer Institute Web site, which Lay co-founded and for which he serves as Executive Director, has published scathing reviews of Ung’s book with similar accusations regarding historical inaccuracies and cultural inauthenticity. One group of reviewers examines a section in First They Killed My Father in which the Ung family takes a trip in the early 1970s to Angkor Wat, pointing out that such a trip was impossible because the area was a battle zone at that time. The reviewers then note that Ung miscalculates Cambodia’s Angkorian period (from approximately the ninth to the fifteenth centuries) when she wrote that “Angkor Wat was built by powerful Khmer kings as monuments of self-glorification in the ninth century and completed three hundred years later” (Ung 67), reducing this seven-hundred-year period to half of its length. The reviewers conclude: “A true ‘daughter of Cambodia’ would not be so careless as to provide such blatantly incorrect information about these [Angkor Wat] temples, as they are an integral part of Khmer heritage and pride” (Hor, Lay, and Quinn). However, such harsh criticism does not take into account the impact on survivors such as Ung of losing family members, being separated from their homeland, and struggling with a new language and culture in an attempt to build a new home thousands of miles away from Cambodia, in a place with unfamiliar customs and rituals. Furthermore, not every Cambodian American has had identical experiences. In attempting to make sense of this controversy, we must explore how to take Lay’s charges into account while still valuing Ung’s memoir. This essay begins with a discussion of the Lay-Ung controversy in the context of the Cambodian diasporic community, paying close attention to the politics of representation and our need for multiple and diverse representations. Teri Shaffer Yamada’s work on Cambodian American autobiography informs the discussion of Ung’s First They Killed
Numerical Determination of Circulation for a Swept Propeller

A procedure for the numerical analysis of swept and unswept propellers is presented. Two FORTRAN codes have been written to calculate spanwise distributed quantities (such as circulation ) as well as overall performance coefe cients (suchaspropellerefe ciency ).Thespacing ofthepropellerblades may besymmetrical orasymmetrical. Thee uid isassumed to beincompressible,inviscid,and irrotational.However, certain viscosity and compressibility effects are included to enhance accuracy. The propeller blades are represented by bound vortex lines and the wake by trailing vortex lines. In accordance with these assumptions, Biot ‐Savart’ s law is used to determine the induced velocities by integration from the wake vortex sheet. In the modeling of the wake, wake contraction is neglected. The trailing vortex lines are allowed to align themselves in the direction of total (freestream plus induced ) velocity at the blades. However, after the shedding, their direction is assumed to stay constant. The codes are run for a straight propeller for which experimental data exist in the literature, and results are compared. Furthermore a case for a swept propeller and a propeller with asymmetrically spaced blades are investigated.
Congenital Tracheal Stenosis with Unilateral Pulmonary Agenesis

Cogenital tracheal stenosis with unilateral pulmonary agenesis is a rate and frequent fetal combination. In an 8-year period, 5 infants (ages 2 to 6 months) with these anomalies were treated. The presenting signs and symptoms consisted of wheezing, stridor, and tachypnea and included frank respiratory failure requiring emergency therapy in several patients. The operative repair consisted of segmental resection and anastomosis in one patient, and rib-cartilage tracheoplasty in the other four. Two infants died, one of cerebral hypoxia, and the other of aortotracheal fistula. Long-term follow-up in the three survivors is satisfactory.
Chemical resistance testing of geomembrane liners

Abstract There are many accepted methods to ascertain the integrity of a Geomembrane Liner (GM) by subjecting it to a battery of physical, mechanical and chemical testing. This work used a new test system that combined physical testing with chemical exposure. Three permeants were chosen to represent a range of aggressiveness towards HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene); a number of test conditions were evaluated. Cyclic loading, in particular, showed promise as test mechanism. A parameter, the ‘delta modulus’, was devised that was shown descriptive of the degree of chemical attack. The testing system utilized was able to resolve differences in degree of chemical attack in a relatively short time. GMs were found to be influenced by cyclic loading, with elastic properties nearly disappearing after less than six cycles. Strain enhanced chemical activity.
Binary Principal Component Analysis

Efficient and compact representation of images is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely used for image representation and has been successfully applied to many computer vision algorithms. In this paper, we propose a method that uses Haar-like binary box functions to span a subspace which approximates the PCA subspace. The proposed method can perform vector dot product very efficiently using integral image. We also show that B-PCA base vectors are nearly orthogonal to each other. As a result, in the non-orthogonal vector decomposition process, the expensive pseudo-inverse projection operator can be approximated by the direct dot product without causing significant distance distortion. Experiments on real image datasets show that B-PCA has comparable performance to PCA in image reconstruction and recognition tasks with significant speed improvement.
(2S,5S,8S,11S)-1-Acetyl-1,4-diaza-3-keto-5-carboxy-10-thia-tricyclo-[2.8.04,8]-tridecane, 1 synthesis of prolyl-proline-derived, peptide-functionalized templates for α-helix formation

A convergent synthesis is reported for the title compound 1 (X = OH) from L-4-hydroxyproline and (2S,5S)-trans-1-benzyl-2,5-dicarbomethoxypyrrolidine. The peptides αTemp-(L-Ala)n -OMe (n = 1,2,3,4) and αTemp-L-Ala-L-Phe-L-Lys(e-BOC)-L-Lys(e-Boc)-NHMe (αTemp-≡ 1) are synthesized for conformational studies.
Alterations in hypothalamic serotonergic-catecholaminergic relationships in aging C57BL/6J female mice.

Abstract The effects of aging and estradiol on the three major hypothalamic monoaminergic systems were measured in female C57BL/6J mice. Both aging and estradiol treatment induced small (10–15%) changes in the levels and ratios of the monoamines and their catabolites. In addition, the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major serotonergic catabolite, were strongly correlated with the levels of the two major dopaminergic catabolites, 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. Aging affected the relattionship between 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the dopaminergic catabolites such that the slope of the regression lines of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid on the dopaminergic compounds was increased in order mice. The age-related alteration in the correlations between the serotonergic and dopaminergic compounds may be due to an effect of aging on the acid export system.
Targeting therapeutic effects: subcellular location matters. Focus on "Pharmacological AMP-kinase activators have compartment-specific effects on cell physiology".

it is now generally acknowledged that the subcellular location of signaling molecules generates specialized signal transduction compartments. Yet, this was not always an accepted concept. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote, truth passes through three stages: ridicule, violent
ENTHALPY OF DILUTION OF AQUEOUS SYSTEMS CONTAINING S-TRIOXANE AND SOME AMIDES. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF SACCHARIDES WITH AMIDES IN AQUEOUS MEDIA

Enthalpies of dilution of aqueous systems of trioxane+formamide and trioxane+dimethylformamide have been determined at 25°C. The data have been treated in terms of the Savage-Wood additivity principle, and a first estimate of the pairwise group interaction enthalpy for-O-/CONH is presented. Systems of saccharides and amides are not amenable to the Savage-Wood treatment used in recent works. However, when treated in conjunction with all available data to yield a different set of group interaction parameters, saccharides behave more predictably. Implications of this state of affairs are considered.
A DSS Approach to Managing the Risks of Online Trading

The proliferation of the Internet has led to the rapid growth of online brokerage. As the Internet now allows individual investors access to information previously only available to institutional investors, individual investors are profiting in the financial markets through online trading schemes. Rock bottom fees charged by the online brokers and the changing risk attitude of the Internet literate generation prompt the practitioners to question the validity of the traditional valuation models and statistics-based portfolio formulation strategies. These tactics also induce more dramatic changes in the financial markets. Online trading, however, does involve a high degree of risk and can cause a profitable portfolio to sour in a matter of minutes. This paper addresses the major challenges of trading stocks on the Internet, and recommends a decision support system for online traders to minimize the potential risks.
A technique for rapid transfemoral catheterization of the coronary sinus with multielectrode catheters.

To minimize procedural and fluoroscopic times and avoid the risks of vascular injury and pneumothorax, some investigators have advocated elimination of routine placement of a coronary sinus (CS) catheter during electrophysiological procedures. We hypothesized that expedient and reproducible CS catheterization could be performed with minimal patient risk by utilizing a femoral vein approach. Fifty consecutive patients referred for radiofrequency ablative procedures underwent attempted CS catheterization using a 6-French steerable, quadripolar catheter via a femoral vein. Procedures were performed utilizing single-plane fluoroscopy without contrast angiographic aid by operators experienced in the technique. Successful catheterization was defined by the attainment, in 5 minutes. The median fluoroscopic time required was 1.2 minutes (range 0.3-12.7). No clinical variable was predictive of catheterization failure or time to successful catheterization. No complications were observed as a result of this technique. This prospective evaluation demonstrates that catheterization of the CS via a femoral vein approach is highly successful, expedient, and safe. The ability to selectively pace the left atrium may eliminate the requirement for a right atrial catheter.
Mechanistic Details of Glutathione Biosynthesis Revealed by Crystal Structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Glutamate Cysteine Ligase

Glutathione is a thiol-disulfide exchange peptide critical for buffering oxidative or chemical stress, and an essential cofactor in several biosynthesis and detoxification pathways. The rate-limiting step in its de novo biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase, a broadly expressed enzyme for which limited structural information is available in higher eukaryotic species. Structural data are critical to the understanding of clinical glutathione deficiency, as well as rational design of enzyme modulators that could impact human disease progression. Here, we have determined the structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamate cysteine ligase (ScGCL) in the presence of glutamate and MgCl2 (2.1 A; R = 18.2%, Rfree = 21.9%), and in complex with glutamate, MgCl2, and ADP (2.7 A; R = 19.0%, Rfree = 24.2%). Inspection of these structures reveals an unusual binding pocket for the α-carboxylate of the glutamate substrate and an ATP-independent Mg2+ coordination site, clarifying the Mg2+ dependence of the enzymatic reaction. The ScGCL structures were further used to generate a credible homology model of the catalytic subunit of human glutamate cysteine ligase (hGCLC). Examination of the hGCLC model suggests that post-translational modifications of cysteine residues may be involved in the regulation of enzymatic activity, and elucidates the molecular basis of glutathione deficiency associated with patient hGCLC mutations.
The solubility of argon, methane, and ethane in an oil/water microemulsion at 25°C

The solubilities of argon, methane, and ethane have been determined at elevated pressures in a series of (O/W) microemulsions composed of n-octane, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium bromide, n-butanol, and water. The solubilities are found to be insensitive to the amount of butanol present but increase linearly with added n-octane. For each gas, the incremental increase in solubility with added n-octane is found to be essentially the same as the bulk solubility of that gas in n-octane.
Protein Losses and Tobramycin Absorption in Peritonitis Treated by Hourly Peritoneal Dialysis

The effects of peritonitis on dialysate protein losses of IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin, and complement were investigated. Thirteen patients who developed peritonitis while undergoing peritoneal dialysis were compared with seven noninfected dialysis patients. Dialysate protein losses increased during peritonitis, but IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin, and complement losses did not. The ratio of the amount of these proteins to the total amount of protein, measured by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was unaltered by peritonitis, suggesting that albumin is the predominant protein lost during peritonitis. The infected patients absorbed 55% of the administered dose of tobramycin, at 17 mL/min, and the noninfected 44%, at 13 mL/min.
Real-time, in situ, continuous monitoring of CO in a pulverized-coal-fired power plant with a 2.3 μm laser absorption sensor

A real-time, in situ CO sensor using 2.3 μm DFB diode laser absorption, with calibration-free wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy, was demonstrated for continuous monitoring in the boiler exhaust of a pulverized-coal-fired power plant up to temperatures of 700 K. The sensor was similar to a design demonstrated earlier in laboratory conditions, now refined to accommodate the harsh conditions of utility boilers. Measurements were performed across a 3 m path in the particulate-laden economizer exhaust of the coal-fired boiler. A 0.6 ppm detection limit with 1 s averaging was estimated from the results of a continuous 7-h-long measurement with varied excess air levels. The measured CO concentration exhibited expected inverse trends with the excess O2 concentration, which was varied between 1 and 3 %. Measured CO concentrations ranged between 6 and 200 ppm; evaluation of the data suggested a dynamic range from 6 to 10,000 ppm based on a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of ten and maximum absorbance of one. This field demonstration of a 2.3 μm laser absorption sensor for CO showed great potential for real-time combustion exhaust monitoring and control of practical combustion systems.
Eddy Currents in Disks: Driving and Damping Forces and Torques

When two a-c fluxes, in quadrature, pass through a disk, driving forces and torques are produced. Theory is developed herein, and formulas and procedures are presented whereby the force or torque can be solved for, even when the fluxes are irregular as to area and distribution. As an example, the driving torque of a watthour meter is solved for. A chart for greatly facilitating the work is described. When a constant flux (or fluxes) passes through a rotating disk, a damping or braking torque is produced. With the aid of what may be a new concept, theory, formulas, and procedures are presented whereby the torque may be found, even though the flux (or fluxes) has an irregular area. To illustrate, the damping torque of a watthour meter is computed. The method can deal also with fluxes of non-uniform density. A chart is described which greatly reduces the work. When a disk with constant flux through it is moved translationally, damping forces occur. Curves covering a wide range are presented, by which those designing the damping for accelerometers and other instruments may design easily in direct fashion rather than by trial-and-error. For their benefit, this part of the paper is written so that it is complete in itself. For both driving and damping torques, reciprocity laws are proved; when needed, these laws greatly reduce the time required for a solution.
Assessment of drug abuser treatment needs in Rhode Island.

BACKGROUND. Rhode Island's Division of Substance Abuse asked us to assess the State's drug treatment needs and make recommendations regarding its treatment system for the next three years. METHODS. We used a statewide telephone drug use survey of 5,176 households supplemented by drug-related hospital discharges, Division of Drug Control statistics, and interviews with providers, state officials, and out-of-state experts. Drug abuse was measured with items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Abusers were asked if they were receiving or wanted to receive treatment. RESULTS. Survey responses, used to estimate the unmet need for drug treatment, indicated a need to triple drug treatment services. Regression models using survey data indicated that the treatment network was overly centralized in the Providence area. Interviews with state officials, clinicians, and out-of-state experts provided material for recommendations on reimbursement policy, treatment mix, quality assurance, and cost containment. CONCLUSIONS. The RI Department of Health's certificate-of-need program adopted our overall recommendation for tripling the drug treatment system as its guideline in evaluating proposals for new treatment facilities. With State funding of a new adolescent center and expansion of outpatient slots in the private sector, this recommendation has now been fully implemented.
Structured Post-IQ Domain Governs Selectivity of Myosin X for Fascin-Actin Bundles *□

Without guidance cues, cytoskeletal motors would traffic components to the wrong destination with disastrous consequences for the cell. Recently, we identified a motor protein, myosin X, that identifies bundled actin filaments for transport. These bundles direct myosin X to a unique destination, the tips of cellular filopodia. Because the structural and kinetic features that drive bundle selection are unknown, we employed a domain-swapping approach with the nonselective myosin V to identify the selectivity module of myosin X. We found a surprising role of the myosin X tail region (post-IQ) in supporting long runs on bundles. Moreover, the myosin X head is adapted for initiating processive runs on bundles. We found that the tail is structured and biases the orientation of the two myosin X heads because a targeted insertion that introduces flexibility in the tail abolishes selectivity. Together, these results suggest how myosin motors may manage to read cellular addresses.