cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entropy-production-driven oscillators in simple nonequilibrium networks

The development of tractable nonequilibrium simulation methods represents a bottleneck for efforts to describe the functional dynamics that occur within living cells. We here employ a nonequilibrium approach called the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ ensemble to characterize the dissipative dynamics of a simple Markovian network driven by an external potential. In the highly dissipative regime brought about by the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ bias, we observe a dynamical structure characteristic of cellular architectures: The entropy production drives a damped oscillator over state populations in the network. We illustrate the properties of such oscillations in weakly and strongly driven regimes, and we discuss how control structures associated with the ``dynamical phase transition'' in the system can be related to switches and oscillators in cellular dynamics.
Laser Doping and Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Thin Films

Fast-pulse laser crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films on non-crystalline substrates provides a low-temperature process for generating polycrystalline silicon. This process can be augmented by including laser doping to reduce the number of process steps in the fabrication of thin-film polysilicon devices. We have studied the simultaneous laser crystallization and laser doping process, starting with amorphous silicon on fused silica substrates and using the gas immersion technique for the doping. n-type and p-type doping employed PF5 and BF3 gases, respectively. Films were characterized both structurally and electrically. The grain size increases with increasing laser energy density as the film becomes fully melted and reaches a peak value, similar to laser crystallization without doping. The dopant concentration increases with the number of laser shots and, with 100 shots, achieves a high dose with a low sheet resistance below 1000 ohms/square, appropriate for devices. The dopant profile extends to a depth comparable to the melt depth, beyond which it falls off to the background level. Therefore, the doping depth and concentration can be controlled with the laser parameters.
Reactive Metal Bonding of Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Thermal Interface Applications

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays can offer an attractive combination of high thermal conductance and mechanical compliance for thermal interface applications. These arrays require a reliable, thermally conductive bonding technique to enable integration into devices. This paper examines the use of a reactive metal bonding layer to attach and transfer CNT arrays to metal-coated substrates, and the thermal performance is compared with CNT arrays bonded with indium solder. Infrared microscopy is used to simultaneously measure the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the CNT array and the thermal boundary resistance of both the bonded and growth CNT interfaces over a range of applied compressive stresses. A coarse-grained molecular simulation is used to model the effects of compressive pressure on the CNT array thermal conductivity. Reactive metal bonding reduces the thermal boundary resistance to as low as 27 mm 2 · K · W -1 , which is more than an order of magnitude less than the nonbonded contact.
Erythroid burst-promoting activity of purified recombinant human GM-CSF and interleukin-3: studies with anti―GM-CSF and anti―IL-3 sera and studies in serum-free cultures

We studied the erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukin-3 (IL-3) with two experimental approaches. First we studied the effects of polyclonal antisera prepared against human GM-CSF and gibbon IL-3 on colony formation from 1,000 bone marrow null cells/dish in serum-containing culture. Both GM-CSF and IL-3 independently enhanced erythroid burst formation; however, IL-3 showed more BPA activity than GM-CSF. These data are in agreement with an emerging view that the primary targets of IL-3 are primitive progenitors and that the targets of GM-CSF are intermediate progenitors, including erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). The proliferation of one population of BFU- E was independent of GM-CSF or IL-3. To characterize this population of BFU-E further, we developed a serum-free culture assay for the purified progenitors by incorporating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to the serum-free medium. The development of erythroid bursts was supported by IL-3, IGF-1, and erythropoietin (Ep) in a serum-free culture system and to a lesser extent by the combination of GM-CSF, IGF- 1, and Ep. Although the burst-promoting ability of GM-CSF and IL-3 was again demonstrated in this system, unlike serum-containing culture Ep alone did not support burst formation. These results indicate that when fetal calf serum (FCS) is present, the culture system contains BPA that is not GM-CSF or IL-3.
Tracheostomy Tube Malfunction

Tracheostomy tube (TT) malfunction is the source of airway compromise in patients requiring these airway devices. TT malfunction may create an airway emergency, and the timely replacement of TTs is a challenging procedure in the most experienced hands.
Design of SINS based on DSP measurement

A design of minitype SINS using commercial MEMS sensors is proposed.The system uses external 16 AD high-speed sampling chip to collect sensor data,selects two pieces of TMS320F28335DSP core as data pretreatment unit and navigation calculating unit,meanwhile respectively introduces UKF algorithm and wavelet adaptive threshold noise reduction method to initial alignment and gyro noise reduction in order to improve the system performance.This prototype system has the advantages such as miniaturization,low power consumption,low cost,navigation function complete,stable performance and so on.Test data shows that navigation precision of this system achieve the high rate and commercial navigation system standards.
Spectral nature of CO 2 adsorption onto meteorites

Abstract Previous studies have identified carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on the surfaces of jovian and Galilean satellites in regions of non-ice material that are too warm for CO 2 ice to exist. CO 2 ice would quickly sublimate if not retained by a less-volatile material. To ascertain what non-ice species may be responsible for stabilizing this CO 2 , we performed CO 2 gas adsorption experiments on thirteen powdered CM, CI, and CV carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Reflectance spectra of the ν 3 feature associated with adsorbed CO 2 near 4.27 µm were recorded. Results show that many meteorites adsorbed some amount of CO 2 , as evidenced by an absorption feature that was stable over several hours at ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and high vacuum, (1.0 × 10 −8 and 1.0 × 10 −7 Torr, respectively). Ivuna, the only CI chondrite studied, adsorbed significantly more CO 2 than the others. We found that CO 2 abundance did not vary with ‘water’ abundance, organics, or carbonates as inferred from the area of the 3-µm band, the 3.2–3.4 µm C–H feature, and the ∼3.8-µm band respectively, but did correlate with hydrous/anhydrous phyllosilicate ratios. Furthermore, we did not observe CO 2 ice because the position of the CO 2 feature was generally shifted 3–10 nm from that of the 4.27 µm absorption characteristic of ice. The strongest compositional relationship observed was a possible affinity of CO 2 for total FeO abundance and complex clay minerals, which make up the bulk of the CI chondrite matrix. This finding implies that the most primitive refractory materials in the Solar System may also act as reservoirs of CO 2 , and possibly other volatiles, delivering them to parts of the Solar System where their ices would not be stable.
Noninvasive detection of cardiac allograft rejection by prospective telemetric monitoring

A method for cardiac allograft surveillance that is less invasive than endomyocardial biopsy is needed. A fall in the unipolar peak-to-peak amplitude recorded from cardiac allografts has been shown to detect rejection when retrospectively compared with endomyocardial biopsy. This study was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of prospective telemetric unipolar peak-to-peak amplitude surveillance in detecting rejection of heterotopic canine cardiac allografts occurring through triple drug immunosuppression. Native heart and graft amplitudes were telemetrically acquired on a daily basis. A fall in normalized unipolar peak-to-peak graft amplitude to less than 85% was used as an indication for biopsy. A quantitative rejection score was calculated for each endomyocardial biopsy (rejection score greater than 0.66 = histologic rejection). Rejection was documented in all animals. Thirty-six biopsies were performed (10 control biopsies and 26 amplitude-directed biopsies); 25 of the 36 demonstrated rejection. Sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 91%, respectively. A linear correlation between unipolar peak-to-peak amplitude and rejection severity was seen (R = 0.87, p less than 0.001). The first true positive amplitude was associated with mild-to-moderate rejection (rejection score = 1.63 +/- 0.45). Unipolar peak-to-peak amplitude recorded from native hearts remained stable during allograft rejection. It is concluded that prospective, telemetric cardiac allograft surveillance can accurately detect rejection occurring through ongoing immunosuppression.
Elvino Whetten Pueblo and Its Relationship to Terraces and Nearby Small Structures, Chihuahua, Mexico

ABSTRACTSince the late nineteenth century, archaeologists have been aware of extensive terracing in the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico; yet correlations between the hydraulic systems and associated cultural manifestations in the highlands have not been established. Excavation of the Elvino Whetten Pueblo and several small outbuildings, as well as examination of the adjacent terrace system, attempted, first, to resolve the problem of cultural affiliations of the various structures and, second, to determine the purpose of the terrace complex.Architectural, ceramic, and other artifactual data indicate that Whetten Pueblo is a highland variant of the Casas Grandes culture and was occupied during the Buena Fe phase (ca. a.d. 1200). Two nearby, small buildings, possibly field houses, were also associated with the terrace system, which probably had been constructed for horticultural rather than water and erosion control purposes. Because no artifact or datable material was assoc...
Facilitating open access: Developing support for author control of copyright

Par quelle logique et par quels mecanismes doivent etre geres les droits d'auteur pour vraiment soutenir la philosophie partagee par les acteurs de la communication scientifique, a savoir l'avancement de la creation, la diffusion et la preservation des connaissances ? Le role des bibliothecaires s'inscrit dans le cadre de la retention des droits d'auteur pour la faculte. L'edition en acces libre et l'auto-archivage institutionnel sont deux strategies qui apportent une reponse. Le contrat de publication est actuellement l'outil au coeur de la gestion des droits d'auteur pour la production scientifique. Mais il est egalement necessaire de mettre en place une infrastructure generale pour le droit d'auteur.
Opioid Therapy for Long-Term Pain Control in Non-terminal Patients

In the US, the 1980s and 1990s were a period of renewed interest in the use of opioids, particularly for the palliation of patients with malignancy or terminal illness, but also for the treatment of chronic, non-terminal pain. However, as the number of prescription opioid overdose deaths rose, the medical profession was compelled to take a more systematic look at the risks and benefits of long-term opioid use. Three consecutive systematic reviews—by the American Pain Society in 2009, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2014, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016—brought to light the mounting evidence for adverse outcomes associated with long-term opioid use, as well as the paucity of evidence for long-term benefit.
No Ordinary Life: Complex Narratives of Trauma and Resilience in Under-Resourced Communities

ABSTRACTThis investigation examines the occurrence and impact of chronic adversity for young adults who grew up amidst poverty and community violence. Young adults in such contexts, particularly those who have been involved with the courts, are not commonly conceptualized through the developmental lens of complex trauma but rather described by maladaptive behaviors and risk to society. This grounded theory analysis explored how participants perceive and make meaning of their experiences. Interview data revealed consistent narratives of childhood neglect and psychological maltreatment, chronic loss, intergenerational trauma exposure, and the resulting survival-based adaptation. We identified 3 primary themes across the participant narratives: (a) lack of need fulfillment; paradoxical experience of self, others, and the world; and persistent sense of purpose and meaning. Findings illuminated the complexity of ongoing struggle, adaptation, and resilience in adult survivors. The need for an increased focus in...
Organization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins by Lipid Membranes

On the early Earth, the first protocells were likely composed of biopolymers (e.g. RNA and proteins) encapsulated within a fatty acid membrane. A fundamental biophysical question is how the building blocks of RNA, namely the four nucleobases and ribose, were selected from a heterogeneous environment. We have found that nucleobases bind more strongly to fatty acid membranes than many similar bases. Furthermore, that binding may explain how the building blocks were concentrated, and how fatty acid membranes may have been stabilized in the salty environments of Earth's early oceans (Black et al. PNAS 2013). Fast forwarding a few billion years, in modern cell membranes, biopolymers and lipids may work in concert to create membrane regions enriched in particular protein and lipid types. This talk will briefly summarize research projects inspired by questions inspired by both ancient and modern cells.
Effectiveness of Lipid-Lowering Statin Therapy in Patients With and Without Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, and has been linked to an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and effects of statin therapy on lipid levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without psoriasis. This post-hoc analysis assessed patients from one primary cardiovascular prevention statin trial (Collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study [CARDS]) and two secondary cardiovascular prevention statin trials (Treating to New Targets [TNT] and Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL]). Baseline characteristics, lipid changes from baseline, and cardiovascular event rates were analyzed. TNT and IDEAL data were pooled. Baseline characteristics and lipid profiles differed minimally in patients with and without psoriasis. In CARDS and TNT/IDEAL, similar apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions occurred with statin therapy in patients with or without psoriasis. High-dose atorvastatin significantly reduced cardiovascular events vs. standard/low-dose statins in patients without psoriasis in TNT/IDEAL; similar numeric differences in event rates were observed in patients with psoriasis. In this post-hoc analysis, statins improved lipid levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without psoriasis, supporting statin use in patients with psoriasis. Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00327418, registered 16 May, 2006; NCT00327691, registered 16 May, 2006; NCT00159835, registered 8 September, 2005.
AKT modulates the autophagy-lysosome pathway via TFEB

The serine and threonine kinase AKT (also known as protein kinase B, PKB) integrates inputs from growth factors and metabolic effectors to control key multifunctional signaling hubs via direct phos...
Door to Needle Time over Telestroke-A Comprehensive Stroke Center Experience.

Abstract Background: The implementation of telestroke programs has allowed patients living in rural areas suffering from acute ischemic stroke to receive expert acute stroke consultation and intrav...
Systems engineering challenges and MBSE opportunities for automotive system design

Many industries are facing rapid growth in the complexity of the systems they develop. In the automotive domain, vehicles are essentially becoming high performance computing platforms, comprised of dozens of electronic control systems (ECUs) that process over 100 million of lines of software code. In addition, Tens of thousands of vehicle product variants must be managed. One of the primary ways problems associated with increased system complexity can be mitigated so that products are delivered on time, on budget, and with minimal quality issues, is for engineering organizations to utilize the most effective systems engineering methodologies. Model based systems engineering (MBSE), implemented using languages like SysML, is one such methodology that has gained a foothold over the past 10–15 years and continues to be refined and improved today. This paper provides an overview of the general challenges systems engineering faces today including those associated with the automotive industry. Approaches based on MBSE are considered to address these challenges. Next, an enterprise-wide model-based engineering (MBE) strategy proposed by the aerospace and defense industry that could also be effectively utilized by automotive OEMs is discussed. Finally, a set of specific automotive applications of MBSE is described.
Metabolite Profiling of Candidatus Liberibacter Infection in Hamlin Sweet Oranges

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is considered the most serious citrus disease in the world. CLas infection has been shown to greatly affect metabolite profiles in citrus fruits. However, because of uneven distribution of CLas throughout the tree and a minimum bacterial titer requirement for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection, the infected trees may test false negative. To prevent this, metabolites of healthy Hamlin oranges (CLas−) obtained from the citrus undercover protection systems (CUPS) were investigated. Comparison of the metabolite profile of juice obtained from CLas– and CLas+ (asymptomatic and symptomatic) trees revealed significant differences in both volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. However, no consistent pattern could be observed in alcohols, esters, sesquiterpenes, sugars, flavanones, and limonoids as compared to previous studies. These results suggest that CLas may affect metabolite profiles of citrus...
Improved Correlation of Urinary Cytology Specimens Using The Paris System in Biopsy-Proven Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas

Background Urine cytology specimens are essential for screening and monitoring high-grade urothelial carcinomas. However, inconsistent reporting and equivocal diagnostic categories have remained a challenge. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was developed to provide clear cytomorphologic criteria for urine cytology specimens. Significant correlation between the surgical biopsy diagnosis (SD) and TPS diagnosis (PD) has been established in lower urothelial tract carcinomas, but to the authors' knowledge limited information is available regarding upper urinary tract carcinomas. Methods A total of 56 cytology specimens from 35 patients within 90 days of an SD of upper urinary tract carcinoma were included. Cytology was re-reviewed and assigned a PD. The original diagnosis (OD) and PD were compared with the corresponding SD to determine which correlated best. Results The PD corresponded to the SD in 35 of 56 cases (63%), which was greater than that for the OD and SD, which were concordant in 19 of 56 cases (34%). Both the OD and PD were concordant in 18 of 56 cases (32%), and neither corresponded in 20 of 56 cases (36%). A total of 27 of 33 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma/carcinoma in situ on SD (82%) were identified using the PD whereas only 15 cases (45%) were identified with the OD. The number of "atypical" diagnoses in the OD was reduced from 16 of 56 cases (29%) to 7 of 56 cases (13%) using the PD. Of the 14 of 56 "negative" OD (25%), only 4 remained after implementation of the PD. A diagnosis of low-grade urothelial neoplasm was established in 6 of 20 cases (30%) with the PD compared with 3 of 20 cases with the OD (15%). Conclusions The authors found that reclassification with TPS improved correlation with the SD compared with previous methodologies. Specifically, TPS increased the number of high-grade urothelial carcinoma diagnoses and decreased the number of equivocal or "atypical" diagnoses. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Subnormal Suboperators and the Subdiscrete Topology

A suboperator is a bounded linear transformation from a subspace of a Hilbert space into the whole space. The main purpose of this work is to raise some questions about the extension properties of suboperators (e.g., which are sub-positive?), and, in particular, to pose the problem of characterizing subnormal suboperators. The subdiscrete topology of operators on a Hilbert space is the topology of discrete convergence (pointwise ultimate equality). The problem of finding a simple proof of Bishop’s theorem (the set of subnormal operators is strongly closed) is reduced to the problem of finding a direct proof of the following assertion: if every finite restriction of an operator T is nearly subnormal, then every finite restriction of T is subnormal.
The Use of Acoustic Signal Attenuation in the Examination of Residual Strains: Part B — The Use of Experimentally Derived Acoustic Strain Correlations in the Evaluation of Residual Strains and Stresses

In a previous conference we presented a comparison of several different acoustic techniques to estimate residual stresses in complex situations.1 Of the several methods, the use of the attenuation of broad band pulses appeared to be better than the usual method of inferring strain from changes in the propagation velocity. The measurement of strain through changes in the velocity is effected through the equations $$\Delta V/V{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}f({\varepsilon _{ij}})$$ (1) $$\Delta t/t = \Delta d/d - \Delta V/V$$ (2) where eij = strain tensor, t = time for the wave to traverse the specimen, d = specimen thickness, V = wave velocity.
XG blood group puzzle solved: what’s next?

In this issue of Blood , Moller et al reveal evidence that they have found the genetic variation underlying the last unresolved blood group system, XG. Equipped with an informatics-based study design, the team identified a GATA1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 3709 bp upstream from the erythroid transcription start site of the XG coding region. Their further molecular genetics and red blood cell (RBC) biology studies provide strong evidence for the relationship between their GATA1 SNP and the Xg(a+) and Xg(a−) phenotypes. 1
The color of punishment: African Americans, skin tone, and the criminal justice system

Public debate and scholarly research has largely concentrated on the vast array of disparities between blacks and whites in their treatment by and experiences with the criminal justice system. Neve...
Landscapes of Power: British Enclosure and the Palestinian Geography

This article explores one of the most fundamental relationships in human geography, the interplay of power and space, in reinterpreting the landscape of enclosure in Palestine today by comparing it to the landscape of the British enclosures in the 18th century. The question addressed in this article is, How does the exercise of power assume attributes on the land? In this argument, enclosing and remaking landscapes is a historically enduring practice of power consisting of two basic elements: a legal element that redefines rights of property by reorganizing systems of ownership, use, access, and socio-economic relations on the land and architectural elements that complement legalities of property and reshape the landscape itself. British landowners and Israeli Zionists are parallel actor groups, using law and the architectural environment as instruments to weaken the anchors holding less powerful groups to land, substituting themselves as the land's rightful owners and stewards, and remaking life on the l...
Surfactant-Stripped Pheophytin Micelles for Multimodal Tumor Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy.

Porphyrin-based nanomaterials can inherently integrate multiple contrast imaging functionalities with phototherapeutic capabilities. We dispersed pheophytin (Pheo) into Pluronic F127 and carried ou...
Correction for Szul et al., "Carbon Fate and Flux in Prochlorococcus under Nitrogen Limitation".

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Temporal Dynamics of DNA Methylation Patterns in Response to Rearing Juvenile Steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Hatchery versus Simulated Stream Environment

Genetic selection is often implicated as the underlying cause of heritable phenotypic differences between hatchery and wild populations of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that also differ in lifetime fitness. Developmental plasticity, which can also affect fitness, may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Our previous study identified significant differences in DNA methylation between adult hatchery- and natural-origin steelhead from the same population that could not be distinguished by DNA sequence variation. In the current study, we tested whether hatchery-rearing conditions can influence patterns of DNA methylation in steelhead with known genetic backgrounds, and assessed the stability of these changes over time. Eyed-embryos from 22 families of Methow River steelhead were split across traditional hatchery tanks or a simulated stream-rearing environment for 8 months, followed by a second year in a common hatchery tank environment. Family assignments were made using a genetic parentage analysis to account for relatedness among individuals. DNA methylation patterns were examined in the liver, a relatively homogeneous organ that regulates metabolic processes and somatic growth, of juveniles at two time points: after eight months of rearing in either a tank or stream environment and after a subsequent year of rearing in a common tank environment. Further, we analyzed DNA methylation in the sperm of mature 2-year-old males from the earlier described treatments to assess the potential of environmentally-induced changes to be passed to offspring. Hepatic DNA methylation changes in response to hatchery versus stream-rearing in yearling fish were substantial, but few persisted after a second year in the tank environment. However, the early rearing environment appeared to affect how fish responded to developmental and environmental signals during the second year since novel DNA methylation differences were identified in the livers of hatchery versus stream-reared fish after a year of common tank rearing. Furthermore, we found profound differences in DNA methylation due to age, irrespective of rearing treatment. This could be due to smoltification associated changes in liver physiology after the second year of rearing. Although few rearing-treatment effects were observed in the sperm methylome, strong family effects were observed. These data suggest limited potential for intergenerational changes, but highlight the importance of understanding the effects of kinship among studied individuals in order to properly analyze and interpret DNA methylation data in natural populations. Our work is the first to study family effects and temporal dynamics of DNA methylation patterns in response to hatchery-rearing.
Facile, one-pot, in aqua synthesis of catalytically competent gold nanoparticles using pyrogallol[4]arene as the sole reagent

We report a simple, single-pot, room temperature synthetic route to prepare colloidally-stable pyrogallol[4]arene-capped gold nanoparticles. The number of carbon atoms in the pyrogallol[4]arene pendent alkyl chain and the addition of base (e.g., NaOH) are both found to significantly impact the resulting colloid size, stability, and catalytic activity for nitroarene reduction.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Law Schools: Deconstructing Meaning In Popular Culture Images of Legal Education

Films, television, and novels often send us very specific messages about law schools and legal education that tend to replicate and reinforce both general notions about the ways in which we educate our lawyers, and in turn sustain our legal system. Most movies, tv shows, and novels mention the Ivy League law schools because they represent the first step toward guaranteed achievement in a legal career. Such mentions serve as proxies for several things, including that the character who attended the school is intelligent, ambitious, and possibly from a privileged background. Even viewers who know little about law schools are familiar with U.S. News Rankings and what those rankings mean. Viewers understand that Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Stanford lead the list. They know that these schools are the most selective and prestigious. If popular culture characters attend, graduate from, or teach at these schools, then they are likely to be smart, or wealthy, or ambitious.
Efficient Golgi Forward Trafficking Requires GOLPH3-Driven, PI4P-Dependent Membrane Curvature.

Summary Vesicle budding for Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking is a key step in secretion. Proteins that induce curvature of the Golgi membrane are predicted to be required, by analogy to vesicle budding from other membranes. Here, we demonstrate that GOLPH3, upon binding to the phosphoinositide PI4P, induces curvature of synthetic membranes in vitro and the Golgi in cells. Moreover, efficient Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking critically depends on the ability of GOLPH3 to curve the Golgi membrane. Interestingly, uncoupling of GOLPH3 from its binding partner MYO18A results in extensive curvature of Golgi membranes, producing dramatic tubulation of the Golgi, but does not support forward trafficking. Thus, forward trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane requires the ability of GOLPH3 both to induce Golgi membrane curvature and to recruit MYO18A. These data provide fundamental insight into the mechanism of Golgi trafficking and into the function of the unique Golgi secretory oncoproteins GOLPH3 and MYO18A.
The inside-out technique for tunneled dialysis catheter placement with central venous occlusion

Abstract The "inside-out" technique eliminates the need for subclavian or femoral catheter placement by placing a supraclavicular catheter via a percutaneous femoral vein access. Few reports of its use in vascular surgery exist. The purpose of this article is to describe our version of the technique and report results. Between 2016 and 2017, the inside-out technique was performed on eight patients. All patients had more than four prior access sites and bilateral internal jugular vein occlusion. The technical success rates were 100% with no periprocedural complications and success in achieving dialysis access. One patient required catheter replacement within 48 hours, one catheter was used as a bridge to Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (Hemosphere, a Cryolife Inc Company, Eden Prairie, Minn) graft placement, and one patient died of sepsis unrelated to their catheter. Our data show the inside-out technique to be safe and effective, removes the need for subclavian or femoral catheter placement, and should be a component of treatment algorithms for complex dialysis patients, which is consistent with National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommendations.
Superficial Chemical Peels

Facial rejuvenation through chemical peeling is a frequently requested skin rejuvenation treatment. Chemical peels are classified as superficial, medium, or deep and their effect depends upon the depth of penetration and degree of injury to the skin. Superficial chemical peels are popular treatments commonly used to address rough skin texture, fine lines, melasma, and photodamage. Superficial chemical peels penetrate to the epidermis and dermal–epidermal junction and provide temporary improvement to skin texture and hyperpigmentation. These chemical peeling agents carry less risk of complications than the medium and deep chemical peeling agents.
A Case of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated with High-Titer of MPO-ANCA Demonstrating Cytoplasmic Staining Pattern

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening complication of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) that requires urgent recognition and treatment. A presumptive diagnosis is often rendered without histopathology if concordant positivity of ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and ELISA assays, i.e., P-ANCA+/myeloperoxidase (MPO) Ab+ or C-ANCA+/proteinase-3 (PR3) Ab+, is documented in the context of pulmonary-renal syndrome or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In this respect, the discordance between IIF and ELISA assays poses a diagnostic challenge in the absence of convincing histopathology and involves the risks of delaying the implementation of timely immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we report a 74-year-old woman who developed DAH and was found to have a high titer of MPO-ANCA exhibiting cytoplasmic staining on IIF, i.e., MPO-C-ANCA. The literature suggests that the availability of distinct epitopes on the MPO molecule dictates the perinuclear versus cytoplasmic staining pattern, which potentially explains the discordance between ELISA and IIF assays. Her DAH was controlled in association with seven sessions of plasmapheresis, methylprednisolone 1 gram daily for 3 days followed by 1 mg/kg/day, and rituximab. This case exemplifies the importance of consideration of pretest probability of suspected diagnosis that would realize a plausible interpretation of seemingly inconsistent serological profile and its effective incorporation into the diagnostic reasoning.
Congenital bladder exstrophy with uterine didelphys and prolapse of both uterine horns: a case report

Congenital pelvic anomalies include disorders of both the urinary and reproductive tracts. These disorders often coexist due to the overlapping embryological development of both systems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for characterization of the reproductive tract and can play an important role in the preoperative evaluation of patients with known bladder exstrophy. Accurate delineation of reproductive tract anomalies is critical as it can influence the surgical approach and can have implications for fertility. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old female with uterine didelphys and congenital bladder exstrophy, which is an uncommon association. Our case is unique as the MR appearance of bladder exstrophy with concurrent uterine didelphys has not been reported. Additionally, this represents the first reported example of congenital herniation of both horns of the didelphys uterus through the mons pubis in the setting of bladder exstrophy.
Age differences in ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during socioemotional content processing

Self-relevance effects are often confounded by the presence of emotional content, rendering it difficult to determine how brain networks functionally connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are affected by the independent contributions of self-relevance and emotion. This difficulty is complicated by age-related changes in functional connectivity between the vmPFC and other default mode network regions, and regions typically associated with externally oriented networks. We asked groups of younger and older adults to imagine placing emotional and neutral objects in their home or a stranger’s home. An age-invariant vmPFC cluster showed increased activation for self-relevant and emotional content processing. Functional connectivity analyses revealed age × self-relevance interactions in vmPFC connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. There were also age × emotion interactions in vmPFC functional connectivity with the anterior insula, orbitofrontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Interactions occurred in regions with the greatest differences between the age groups, as revealed by conjunction analyses. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Myosin heavy chain expression relationships to power-load and velocity-load curves.

BACKGROUND Velocity- and power-based training are popular methods of determining training session loads and volumes. One factor that may influence load-velocity and load-power properties of an individual is the myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of the muscle. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between MHC composition and both load-velocity and load-power properties of muscle performance. METHODS Forty-two men with a variety of training backgrounds took part in this study (mean±SD; age=22.4±3.5 yrs, hgt=1.78±0.07 m, BW=78.7±13.3 kg). After testing leg extension one repetition maximum (1 RM), subjects performed maximal effort leg extensions at loads from 30% to 90% 1 RM. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were analyzed via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique for MHC content (IIx=13.8±12.9%, IIa=49.4±10.3%, I=36.8±11.3%). Leg extension rotational velocity and power were plotted against relative loads for all subjects. RESULTS Significant correlations (P<0.05) were observed for MHC IIa with all performance variables (i.e. slopes, intercepts, peaks and relative loads). Relationships indicated that greater %MHC IIa was associated with greater velocity intercepts, more negative load-velocity slopes, greater maximal power, and with maximal power occurring at a lower relative intensity (% 1 RM). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that muscle velocity and power characteristics appear to be partially influenced by MHC content in a manner consistent with single muscle fiber contractile properties.
Exploring Disproportionate Discipline for Latinx Students With and Without Disabilities: A National Analysis:

The Latinx population is the largest group of racially and ethnically diverse students in the United States. Although disproportionality in school discipline has been documented for Latinx students...
A genome-wide association study for shoulder impingement and rotator cuff disease.

Background The purpose of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with rotator cuff disease by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for shoulder impingement using the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and then combining the GWAS data with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tears. The loci identified by the GWAS and meta-analysis were examined for changes in expression following rotator cuff tearing using RNA sequencing. Methods A GWAS was performed using data from UKB with 3864 cases of shoulder impingement. The summary statistics from shoulder impingement and a prior study on rotator cuff tears were combined in a meta-analysis. Also, the previous association of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with shoulder impingement from a published GWAS using the UKB was tested. Rotator cuff tendon biopsies were obtained from 24 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (cases) and 9 patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for a proximal humeral fracture (controls). Total RNA was extracted and differential gene expression was measured by RNA sequencing for genes with variants associated with rotator cuff tearing. Results The shoulder impingement GWAS identified 4 new loci: LOC100506457, LSP1P3, LOC100506207, and MIS18BP1/LINC00871. Combining data with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tears in a meta-analysis resulted in the identification of an additional 7 loci: SLC39A8/UBE2D3, C5orf63, ASTN2, STK24, FRMPD4, ACOT9/SAT1, and LINC00890/ALG13. Many of the identified loci have known biologic functions or prior associations with diseases, suggesting possible biologic pathways leading to rotator cuff disease. RNA sequencing experiments show that expression of STK24 increases whereas expression of SAT1 and UBE2D3 decreases following rotator cuff tearing. Two SNPs previously reported to show an association with shoulder impingement from a prior UKB GWAS were not validated in our study. Conclusion This is the first GWAS for shoulder impingement in which new data from UKB enabled the identification of 4 loci showing a genetic association. A meta-analysis with a prior GWAS for rotator cuff tearing identified an additional 7 loci. The known biologic roles of many of the 11 loci suggest plausible biologic mechanisms underlying the etiology of rotator cuff disease. The risk alleles from each of the genetic loci can be used to assess the risk for rotator cuff disease in individual patients, enabling preventative or restorative actions via personalized medicine.
A call for training programmes in cardiovascular genomics.

Genomic data are increasingly being integrated into health care. We propose an outline for structured training in cardiovascular genomics, recognizing the growing need for a cardiovascular genomics subspecialty and cardiovascular subspecialists who incorporate genomics advances to optimize the management of heritable cardiovascular diseases.
Stochastic search in discrete structural optimization simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and neural networks

A number of structural optimization problems are characterized by the presence of discrete and integer design variables, over and beyond the more traditional continuous variable problems. In some applications, the number of design variables may be quite large. Additionally, the design space in such problems may be nonconvex, and in some situations, even disjointed. The use of conventional mathematical programming methods in such problems is fraught with hazards. First, these gradient-based methods cannot be used directly in the presence of discrete variables. Their use is facilitated by creating multiple equivalent continuous variable problems (branch and bound techniques); in the presence of high-dimensionality, the number of branched problems that may have to be solved can be quite large. In some problems, the analysis can be computationally demanding, thereby further limiting the effective use of these methods. Finally, it must be borne in mind that these methods have a propensity to convergence to a relative optimum closest to the starting point, and this is a major weakness in the presence of multimodality in the design space. This chapter focusses on the application of recently emergent computational paradigms such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and neural networks in structural optimization problems with mixed variables. These methods illustrate an extremely effective exploitation of stochastic methods for search and numerical modeling.
Functional Identification of DNA Methylation Patterns of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer (LB127)

Promoter hypermethylation is a well-studied epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression. During tumorigenesis, hypermethylation of the entire CpG-rich region (CpG island) at the promoter of tumor suppressor genes can silence gene expression and lead to cell proliferation. However, analyses of clinical genomic data rarely find hypermethylation at the entire promoter. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) have been successfully used therapeutically on the basis that they reverse this hypermethylation effect but it is unclear which partial changes affect gene silencing and thus which patients can benefit from these targeted therapies. We seek to pinpoint individual CpGs that contribute to gene silencing using the promoter region of a known tumor suppressor gene, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). We generated a library of CDKN2A promoter sequences with random CpG methylation. The library is then used with a cell reporter system to separate methylation patterns that lead to gene sil...
Rivals for Influence on Counterterrorism Policymaking in the Obama Administration: White House Political Staff vs. Executive Branch Legal Advisors

The Obama administration has struggled throughout its first term to live up to its campaign promises to reverse the most objectionable of the Bush administration’s counterterrorism policies and to govern by “rule of law” principles. It is clear that most of these policies have continued, with minimal changes, and some have even expanded to include more controversial elements, e.g., targeted killings, well beyond the practices of the Bush administration. The most “signature” policy failure has been the inability to close the military prison at Guantanamo Bay. Efforts to accomplish this became entwined with two other unfulfilled campaign promises – rejection of the use of military commissions for prosecuting terrorist suspects and halting the practice of indefinite detention of uncharged suspects. Analyzing all of the reasons why the Obama administration has not rolled back these policies is a complex undertaking beyond the scope of this paper. The focus here isolates the role played by one specific explanation: the rivalry for influence between White House political advisers and policy principals, on the one hand, and executive branch legal advisers, on the other.
HLA class II polymorphism: implications for genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules, encoded within the human major histocompatibility complex, play a central role in the immune response by presenting peptide antigens to helper (T4+) lymphocytes. One striking feature is their extraordinary variability between individuals in the population. These molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells such as monocytes, B cells, and dendritic cells, are the products of the immune response genes originally discovered in the mouse and guinea pig (52). It is now apparent that allelic polymorphisms of class II genes are directly involved in regulating patterns of immune responsiveness in mammalian organisms (6, 74). This realization has provoked a major effort to define the nature and extent of class II polymorphism in the human population. Now almost completed, this endeavor has provided considerable insight into the complexity of the class II gene family and has stimulated new approaches to understanding the relationship between HLA polymorphism and autoimmune disease.
Hidden challenges on teaching web software engineering

The evolution of data communication technology has increased Internet traffic with negative effects on the user's response time. An existing mechanism to combat such effect is Web caching, in which intermediary systems are used to temporarily store information that may be retrieved by multiple users or by a same user multiple times. Software engineers, designing applications for this new environment, depend on techniques that emphasize the satisfaction of the users' requirements and the availability of computing resources on the processing site. However, software engineering classes may be overlooking some of these problems. In this paper, caching problems related to Web applications are presented. Knowing these problems exist is important in software engineering web-based applications.
Timing optimization of combinational logic

An algorithm for speeding up combinational logic with minimal area increase is presented. A static timing analyzer is used to identify the critical paths. Then a weighted min-cut algorithm is used to determine the subset of nodes to be resynthesized. This subset is selected so that the speedup is achieved with minimal area increase. Resynthesis is done by selectively collapsing the logic along the critical paths and then decomposing the collapsed nodes to minimize the critical delay. This process is iterated until either the timing requirements are satisfied or no further improvement can be made. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on many design examples with promising results. >