cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protocol Jamming

This paper explores the feasibility of using a protocol (adaptive or randomized) to govern the process of selecting a data rate for a two-rate communication system, subject to jamming. Two quantities, average efficiency for independent jamming and worst case efficiency for intelligent jamming, are defined as performance measures of an adaptive protocol. A particular fatal property, called zero looping, of an adaptive protocol is discussed. One simple method for eliminating zero loops of adaptive protocols is given. Under a certain jamming strategy constraints, the average throughput of a randomized protocol as well as the average efficiency of an adaptive protocol are computed and compared.
Behavior modification of geriatric grief: a transactional perspective.

A behavior modification program for treating grief in a geriatric patient is presented. The program was carried out in a community mental health netting, and was discussed in light of transactional analysis. The successful application of behavioral assessment and treatment techniques to transactional analysis was demonstrated.
Transparent Conducting Oxide Sculptured Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Optical losses in thin film solar cells arise due to reflections at the top interfaces where dielectric discontinuities may be significant, e.g., between the glass and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) contact and between the TCO and semiconductor structure. Advanced optical engineering approaches are needed to minimize such losses. One approach is to incorporate multilayered or graded-index TCO films designed to act as broad-band anti-reflectors. Thus, it is important to be able to modulate the near-infrared/visible index of refraction of the TCO over a relatively wide range (e.g., 1.3 < n < 2.0) without increasing its extinction coefficient k or significantly degrading its electrical conductance. Here we report an investigation of SnO2 and ZnO sculptured thin films (STFs) under development for this purpose Sculptured thin films are deposited under low surface mobility conditions using stepwise or continuous variations in the polar and/or azimuthal angles of the deposition flux impinging on the surface. Deposition at a glancing polar angle leads to columnar growth, optical anisotropy, and low ordinary indices of refraction, whereas normal incidence deposition under the same conditions leads to dense isotropic films and high indices. In this study, we explore the dependence of the optical properties of SnO2 and ZnO, including index and birefringence spectra, on the polar deposition angle. Optical modeling reported here assesses the ability of the STF concept to provide tailored TCOs for advanced optical engineering of CdTe solar cell structures.
ADVANCES ON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF AUXIN IN RICE

Rice growth and development are regulated by several plant hormones collaboratively.Of which,auxin is the earliest recognized and most extensively studied.With advances in molecular techniques,great insight has been gained into the mechanism of growth hormone at the cell ular and gene levels,including auxin metabolism,transport,signal perception and transduction.Auxin signaling is integrated and acted with other plant hormones at several levels during rice growth and development.In the paper,the action mechanism of auxiu were clarified,and it is important to explore the growth and development of the plants.
Epidemiological Characteristics of 1427 Cases of Other Types of Infectious Diarrhea

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of 1 427 cases of other types of infectious diarrhea,provide the scientific basis for making prevention and control measures.[Methods]The epidemiological analysis was conducted in epidemic data and survey reports of 1 427 cases of infectious diarrhea in Futian district of Shenzhen city.[Results]The incidence of other types of infectious diarrhea was 99.42/lakh,and most of patients were from Futian street and Shatou street which was dominated by floating population.The peak season was from October to December.The male patients were more than female patients,and the ratio of male-to-female was 1.49.1 123 patients were children aged 0～4 years old,which accounted for 78.70% of total cases.83.96% of patients were scattered children and kindergarten children.The rotavirus was detected in 81.85% of cases.[Conclusion]The incidence of other types of infectious diarrhea in Futian district of Shenzhen city was high,and most of patients were children(especially scattered children).The peak season was autumn to winter,and rotavirus was the major pathogen.It is important to carry out the effective measures to control.
Extended State-Space Partitioning Based Operating Reserve Risk Assessment for Power Grid Connected With Wind Farms

Due to the random fluctuation of wind power it is necessary to reasonably arrange the capacity of operating reserve,thus after the connection of large-scale wind farms with power grid the risk assessment of operating reserve becomes the first question to be solved for reasonable arrangement of operating reserve of power grid.An extended state-space partitioning(ESSP) based method to assess operating reserve of power grid connected with large-scale wind farm is proposed.The proposed method can be used to cope with multi-state model of wind turbine generator,meanwhile considering random outage of wind turbine generator its own and uncertainty of wind speed prediction the total state space is divided into to regions and the system states of the two subspaces can be chosen by State enumeration method(SEM) and Monte Carlo simulation respectively,pursuantly the risk assessment can be implemented rapidly and accurately.The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by Calculation and analysis of a certain regional power grid in China.
Abstract B051: Control of regulatory T (Treg) cell function by protein kinase C-eta (PKCη): A novel target for cancer immunotherapy

Modulating regulatory T (Treg) cell functions to specifically promote anti-tumor immune responses is a desirable strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Blockade of checkpoint molecules, CTLA-4 and PD-1, has proven clinical efficacy in advanced metastatic melanoma and other malignancies. We recently found that protein kinase C-eta (PKCη), a member of the PKC enzyme family, physically associated with CTLA-4, an inhibitory receptor highly expressed on Treg cells, which is important for Treg cell-mediated suppression. PKCη is recruited to the Treg cell immunological synapse, and mediates contact-dependent suppression by Treg cells. PKCη-deficient (Prkch-/-) Treg cells are defective in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity against B16 melanoma but retain the ability to control the development of autoimmune colitis. Here, we extended our findings regarding the importance of the CTLA-4-PKCη complex in contact-dependent Treg cell suppressive activity to an additional tumor model, i.e., the slow growing prostate adenocarcinoma TRAMP-C1, indicating that the novel CTLA-4-PKCη signaling pathway may be relevant to a broad spectrum of solid cancers. We further found that in the tumor microenvironment, the loss of PKCη in Treg cells substantially promoted the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells without affecting the Treg cell numbers. As a result, there was a significant increase in the intratumoral CD8+ to Treg cell ratio, a parameter considered to be predictive of a better clinical outcome. Thus, our data reveal that the novel CTLA-4-PKCη signaling pathway, which we identified, is critical for suppressing anti-tumor immunity and, hence, implicate this pathway as an attractive cancer immunotherapy target for a broad spectrum of clinically debilitating malignancies. Citation Format: Christophe Pedros, Kok-Fai Kong, Amnon Altman. Control of regulatory T (Treg) cell function by protein kinase C-eta (PKCη): A novel target for cancer immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B051.
Primary Neoplasms in Vesical Diverticula: Report of 10 Cases

AbstractOf 10 patients with primary neoplasms in vesical diverticula 2 died within 2 years of diagnosis and 8 survived more than 2 years (6 free of disease). These results are contrasted to the relatively poor survival of patients reported in other series. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are stressed.
Gun Violence, Mental Illness, And Laws That Prohibit Gun Possession: Evidence From Two Florida Counties

Gun violence kills about ninety people every day in the United States, a toll measured in wasted and ruined lives and with an annual economic price tag exceeding $200 billion. Some policy makers suggest that reforming mental health care systems and improving point-of-purchase background checks to keep guns from mentally disturbed people will address the problem. Epidemiological research shows that serious mental illness contributes little to the risk of interpersonal violence but is a strong factor in suicide, which accounts for most firearm fatalities. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of gun restrictions focused on mental illness remains poorly understood. This article examines gun-related suicide and violent crime in people with serious mental illnesses, and whether legal restrictions on firearm sales to people with a history of mental health adjudication are effective in preventing gun violence. Among the study population in two large Florida counties, we found that 62 percent of violent gun crime arrests ...
Recreational marijuana use is not associated with worse outcomes after renal transplantation.

As marijuana (MJ) legalization is increasing, kidney transplant programs must develop listing criteria for marijuana users. However, no data exist on the effect of MJ on kidney allograft outcomes, and there is no consensus on whether MJ use should be a contraindication to transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed 1225 kidney recipients from 2008 to 2013. Marijuana use was defined by positive urine toxicology screen and/or self-reported recent use. The primary outcome was death at 1 year or graft failure (defined as GFR<20 mL/min/1.73 m2). The secondary outcome was graft function at 1 year. Using logistic regression analyses, we compared these outcomes between MJ users and non-users. Marijuana use was not associated with worse primary outcomes by unadjusted (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.45–2.57, P=.87) or adjusted (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.28–2.28, P=.67) analysis. Ninety-two percent of grafts functioned at 1 year. Among these, the mean creatinine (1.52, 95% CI 1.39–1.69 vs 1.46, 95% CI 1.42–1.49; P=.38) and MDRD GFR (50.7, 95% CI 45.6–56.5 vs 49.5, 95% CI 48.3–50.7; P=.65) were similar between groups. Isolated recreational MJ use is not associated with poorer patient or kidney allograft outcomes at 1 year. Therefore, recreational MJ use should not necessarily be considered a contraindication to kidney transplantation.
Pedagogy of the immigrant: A journey towards inclusive classrooms

In the past two years, migration has been on the front page of newspapers around the world. In the United States alone, the most current data shows that there are close to one million immigrant students. These students face challenges such as high mobility and anonymity. Moreover, immigrant students have specific needs that must be understood, identified, and addressed by educators working with and learning from immigrant students and their families. In this article, I reflect about my experiences as an immigrant teacher, teacher of immigrant students, and faculty working in Teacher Education Programs. Through this reflection, I suggest teaching credential/initial teacher education programs must require future educators to analyse how mobility and anonymity, among other factors, impact immigrant students’ learning practices. I conclude by providing recommendations and guidance when developing fully inclusive programs in both PreK-12/compulsory education school sites as well as in institutions of higher education.
Experimental Evaluation of Seamless Redundancy Applied to Industrial Wi-Fi Networks

Seamless redundancy can be profitably exploited to improve predictability of wireless networks in general and, in particular, IEEE 802.11. According to this approach, packets are transmitted by senders on two (or more) channels at the same time and duplicate copies are discarded by receivers. As long as the behavior of physical channels is uncorrelated, communication quality improves noticeably, in terms of both transmission latencies and percentage of dropped frames. In this paper, communication over redundant links has been analyzed by means of a thorough experimental campaign, based on measurements carried out on real devices. Results confirm that, under typical operating conditions, the assumption of independence among channels in properly designed systems is verified reasonably well. Indeed, in our experiments, measured link quality indices did not differ more than $10\%$ from what we expected from theory. This grants for redundant solutions tangible advantages over conventional Wi-Fi networks.
Role of Piezo Channels in Joint Health and Injury

Cartilage is an intrinsically mechanically sensitive tissue composed of chondrocytes as the only cell type. Chondrocyte mechanotransduction is not well understood, but recently we identified critical components of the mechanotransduction machinery demonstrating how mechanical stimulation of these cells can be converted into cellular calcium signals. Physiologic mechanical cues induce anabolic responses of (post-mitotic) chondrocytes via transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 ion channels, whereas injurious mechanical stress is transduced by Piezo1 jointly with Piezo2 ion channels. This chapter sheds light on the latter discovery and provides a rationale for follow-up questions, such as the nature of interaction between Piezo1 and Piezo2, and their tethering to the cytoskeleton. These recent insights can be leveraged toward translational medical progress to benefit diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, representing a large and growing unmet medical need in the United States and large parts of the world.
Year-Long Vertical Velocity Statistics Derived from Doppler Lidar Data for the Continental Convective Boundary Layer

AbstractOne year of coherent Doppler lidar data collected at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in Oklahoma was analyzed to provide profiles of vertical velocity variance, skewness, and kurtosis for cases of cloud-free convective boundary layers. The variance was normalized by the Deardorff convective velocity scale, which was successful when the boundary layer depth was stationary but failed in situations in which the layer was changing rapidly. In this study, the data are sorted according to time of day, season, wind direction, surface shear stress, degree of instability, and wind shear across the boundary layer top. The normalized variance was found to have its peak value near a normalized height of 0.25. The magnitude of the variance changes with season, shear stress, degree of instability, and wind shear across the boundary layer top. The skewness was largest in the top half of the boundary layer (with the exception of wintertime conditions). The skewness was also ...
Chapter 20 – Molecular Basis of Liver Disease

Liver diseases are a cause of global morbidity and mortality. While the predominance of specific liver diseases varies with geographical location, the diversity of hepatic diseases affecting the underdeveloped, developing, and developed countries is high, with diseases ranging from infectious diseases of the liver to neoplasia and obesity-related illnesses. This chapter will discuss progress made toward an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of various aspects of liver pathophysiology, including the processes of hepatic development, metabolic zonation, and liver regeneration. Equally relevant to this review is recent progress toward elucidation of basic mechanisms that lead from hepatic injury and inflammation to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Furthermore, there has been a notable improvement in our understanding of cellular and molecular aberrations in liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and both benign and malignant tumors of the liver, in the hope of improving diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. In this chapter, we concisely discuss fundamental concepts in hepatic pathobiology, with emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms, summarizing the biological and translational significance of such concepts.
Thermal imaging of corneal transplant rejection.

Corneal transplant rejection is one of the most frequent complications, with a reported incidence of 16–30%. In our current research, we investigated the use of infrared thermography to detect ocular surface temperature. We also looked at a case of corneal transplant rejection and this case had an elevated ocular surface temperature when compared to the contralateral eye and other eyes without corneal transplant rejection. Twenty-three eyes of twelve patients would serve as control to one eye with clinically evident corneal transplant graft rejection. A Flir T400 320 × 240 pixel, digital thermal camera was used to take a digital photograph and an infrared photograph of each eye. The images were analyzed with the Flir web viewer. We present here a case of corneal transplant rejection documented with both slit lamp photos as well as infrared and corneal surface photos. The studied patient’s unaffected eye, and the control group’s trends did indeed bring the expected results and proved thermal imagery in this particular field a viable examination method. We feel that ocular thermography is a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool and that it may be useful to monitor routine corneal transplant patients. Further research into the temperature changes of corneal transplant patients is needed and may allow for earlier intervention for graft rejection.
New Circumstellar Sources of PO and PN: The Increasing Role of Phosphorus Chemistry in Oxygen-rich Stars

NSF [AST1515568, AST-1140030]; NSF University Radio Observatories (URO) program [AST-1140030]; NASA [NNX15AD94G]
Julio Cortázar: La Pasión De Ser Y Del Ser

Todo escritor asume una determinada actitud frente al mundo que lo rodea, sea desde la perspectiva historica, sea desde el angulo antropologico, politico o artistico. Cuando este mundo-realidad es sentido o percibido como deficiente, decadente o desprovisto de sentido, el artista es conmocionado en su interioridad y muchas veces se rebela o lanza una denuncia. Julio Cortazar es un escritor que estuvo implicado en este tipo de situacion. Es asi que se transforma en un hombre rebelde que usa su literatura como una «ametralladora» se siente comprometido con una ideologia y por eso tiene un arma en su escritura. Podriamos aproximarlo al «homme revolte» de Albert Camus, con el que posee muchas coincidencias, sobre todo porque «ha vivido el infierno argentino y europeo de los anos 40 y desde entonces no deja de rebelarse». La novela cumbre de Cortazar: Rayuelo, aparece, incluso, como la rebelion misma, pues en ella quedo inyectada la capacidad de reaccion e inconformismo del autor. Pero esta actitud no se agota en el sentido de la rebelion, ya que simultaneamente esta relacionada con una «busqueda del centro».
A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Examination of ACTH-Induced ‘Rounding up’ in Triton X-100 Cytoskeleton Residues of Cultured Adrenal Cells

Several investigators have used cultured Y-l mouse adrenal tumor cells as a model to study the action of the pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in controlling glucocorticoid synthesis (Kowal, 1970; Mrotek and Hall, 1975, 1977, 1978).
Levitation Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors

Figure 1 shows a permanent magnet (PM) stably levitated over a high-temperature superconductor (HTS). Images such as this have become a well known symbol for HTS technology. Its popularity perhaps derives from the ease with which the demonstration can be performed — requiring a simple Styrofoam cup that holds liquid nitrogen, a common PM, and an HTS that can be fabricated in most ceramic kilns. At the same time, the image elicits a sense of awe and mystery, invoked by an object stably suspended by some invisible mechanism.
Intelligentsia, intellectuals, and the social functions of intelligence

What else is there left to say about the intelligentsia? One hundred ten years ago, during the short stretch between the first Russian revolution and World War I, Sasha Cherny wrote this verse abou...
The time-varying effect of monetary policy in China

A sound understanding of monetary transmission mechanism is valuable because it helps the central bank to determine the proper course of monetary policy to balance growth and inflation. As China’s ...
Physical Education Experiences of Alaskan Youths with Visual Impairments: A Qualitative Inquiry:

Introduction:Examining the experiences of students with visual impairments about physical education can lead to a better understanding of how they perceive lessons, activities, and interactions wit...
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: Review of Pertinent Peripheral Nerves.

Abstract Introduction Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a condition that is still poorly understood. Etiologies reported for PGAD are vascular, neurological, pharmacological, and psychological. Determining the neurophysiological etiology of PGAD began with developing an understanding of the underlying biomechanics of the pudendal nerve and the female sexual response. Aim To summarize the anatomy, physiology, etiologies, diagnostics, and treatments of the pertinent peripheral nerves involved in the pathology of PGAD. Methods We performed a PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals with no predefined time period for inclusion. Terms included “humans”[All Fields] AND “persistent”[All Fields] AND/OR (“genitalia”[All Fields] OR “genital”[All Fields]) AND/OR “arousal”[All Fields] AND/OR (“disease”[All Fields] OR “disorder”[All Fields]) AND/OR “nerve”[All Fields]. The main outcomes of the papers were reviewed. Main Outcome Measure The main outcome measures were the anatomy and physiology, etiologies, history and physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and current evidence for the treatment of PGAD related to the peripheral nervous system. Results Most of the literature for PGAD originates from case studies. The diagnosis of PGAD itself is still a debated topic of discussion. More recent data published indicate that this disease affects males, as well. Conclusion Nerve entrapment may be a source of continuous arousal. Associated PGAD symptoms would depend on the segment of the nerve involved. Unwelcomed or unwanted arousal has been observed as the most common detrimental symptom. Pelvic 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging is recommended in all patients with suspected nerve entrapment. Lumbosacral 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging is recommended if a Tarlov cyst or a herniated intervertebral disc is suspected. If the peripheral nerve is the source of the pathology, surgical intervention may be curative. A multidisciplinary team approach consisting of a medical provider, pelvic floor physical therapist, and sex therapist has demonstrated benefits. There are currently no Food and Drug Administration–approved evidenced-based treatments for PGAD. Klifto KM, Dellon AL. Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: Review of Pertinent Peripheral Nerves. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:265–273.
Factors affecting injury severity in vehicle-pedestrian crashes: A day-of-week analysis using random parameter ordered response models and Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract The high number of vehicle–pedestrian crashes in the United State has gained increased attention among transportation safety analysts in recent years. Being directly exposed to the collision force makes pedestrians more prone to becoming severely injured when in crash than other road users. Considering the fact that pedestrian-involved crashes is a serious public health problem, the current study’s aim is to investigate the contributing factors associated with injury severity of pedestrian crashes by time-of-week. Separate injury severity models for weekday and weekend crashes were developed, and the overall stability of the model estimates was examined through likelihood ratio tests. For this purpose, random parameter ordered-response models were employed to specify the ordinal nature of injury severity levels and capture the potential unobserved heterogeneity. In addition, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to explore the nonlinear relationship between explanatory variables and severity outcomes. Comparison of the prediction performance demonstrated that optimized ANN provides superior results compared to conventional statistical approaches. A variable impact analysis was then conducted on the optimized ANN to investigate the effects of the explanatory variables on injury severity. The results revealed the factors that are significantly associated with pedestrian fatalities. These findings further provide insights for a better understanding of pedestrian injury severity in weekday vs. weekend crashes through the impact analysis of various explanatory variables.
Advising reinforcement learning toward scaling agents in continuous control environments with sparse rewards

Abstract This paper adapts the success of the teacher–student framework for reinforcement learning to a continuous control environment with sparse rewards. Furthermore, the proposed advising framework is designed for the scaling agents problem, wherein the student policy is trained to control multiple agents while the teacher policy is well trained for a single agent. Existing research on teacher–student frameworks have been focused on discrete control domain. Moreover, they rely on similar target and source environments and as such they do not allow for scaling the agents. On the other hand, in this work the agents face a scaling agents problem where the value functions of the source and target task converge at different rates. Existing concepts from the teacher–student framework are adapted to meet new challenges including early advising, importance of advising, and mistake correction, but a modified heuristic was used to decide on when to teach. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using the case study of pushing, and picking and placing objects with a dual arm manipulation system. The teacher policy was trained using a simulated scenario consisting of a single arm. The student policy was trained to handle the dual arm manipulation system in simulation under the advice of the teacher agent. The trained student policy was then validated using two Quanser Mico arms for experimental demonstration. The effects of varying parameters on the student performance in the advising framework was also analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the proposed advising framework expedited the training process and achieved the desired scaling within a limited advising budget.
The Temporal Structure of Patience

Abstract This paper presents Anthony Steinbock's broad theory of moral emotions and specifically the distinction he draws between the temporal orientation and the temporal meaning of emotions. The latter distinction is used in order to provide phenomenological descriptions of, and distinctions between, patience and impatience. The paper takes leading clues from Steinbock’s work in an effort to “do” phenomenology in a way that clarifies these specific natural attitude intentionalities.
On Wegner’s inequality for axis-parallel rectangles

Abstract According to an old conjecture of Wegner, the piercing number of a set of axis-parallel rectangles in the plane is at most twice the independence number (or matching number) minus 1, that is, τ ( F ) ≤ 2 ν ( F ) − 1 . On the other hand, the current best upper bound, due to Corea et al. (2015), is a O log log ν ( F ) 2 factor away from the current best lower bound. From the other direction, lower bound constructions with τ ( F ) ≥ 2 ν ( F ) − 4 are known. Here we exhibit families of rectangles with τ = 7 and ν = 4 and thereby show that Wegner’s inequality, if true, cannot be improved for ν = 4 . The analogous result for ν = 3 , due to Wegner, dates back to 1968. A key element in our proof is establishing a connection with the Maximum Empty Box problem: Given a set P of n points inside an axis-parallel box U in R d , find a maximum-volume axis-parallel box that is contained in U but contains no points of P in its interior. Whereas our construction can be extended to any larger independence number ( ν = 5 , 6 , … ), its analysis remains open.
Neuroergonomics Metrics to evaluate Exoskeleton based Gait Rehabilitation

To quantify mental effort and track neurophysiological changes due to powered-robotic-exoskeleton based gait training objectively, we investigated the feasibility of using functional connectivity and neural efficiency metrics obtained from functional near infrared spectroscopy to monitor neurophysiological changes during powered robotic exoskeleton-based gait training in two stroke and two spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Increased functional connectivity between different brain regions were associated with improved gait performance in stroke patients but indicated increased mental workload with no gait changes in SCI patients. Neural efficiency provided cost of maintaining motor performance in all four patients. Both metrics show potential in tracking mental effort and gait training progress and may serve as valuable inputs to rehab exoskeleton brain computer interfaces and contribute to the development of personalized rehabilitation programs.
Structure of tetra( n -butyl)ammonium tetraiodo-μ,-μ′-diiododiplatinate(II), [( n -C 4 H 9 ) 4 N] 2 [Pt 2 I 6 ]

The crystal structure of [(n-C4H9)4N]2[Pt2I6] has been determined from X-ray data measured by counter methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/c (C 2 -5 , No. 14) with unit cell constantsa=14.457(4),b=14.036(4),c=23.696(5) A,β=101.02(3)°, andD c =2.30 g cm−3 forZ=4. Full-matrix least-squares refinement led to a finalR value of 0.049 for 1786 independent observed reflections. The [Pt2I6]2− anion is planar to within 0.07 A and exhibits an average Pt-I bridging bond length of 2.559(4) A and average Pt-I terminal distance of 2.571(7) A. Of the two independent [(n-C4H9)4N]+ cations, one approaches a ¯42m-D 2d conformation, the other an approximate ¯4-S4 conformation.
LIVINGSTONE AND THE LAW: AFRICA’S GREATEST EXPLORER AND THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE

Few historical events have had such tragic, widespread, and lingering consequences as the exportation of slaves from Africa. While the abolition of western Africa’s transatlantic slave trade is well documented, the events and legal framework that led to the abolition of the slave trade in East Africa remain practically untold. There, an unlikely hero championed abolition: Missionary and explorer Dr. David Livingstone. His method: an ambitious publicity stunt to dramatically change international law.This article will illustrate how explorer David Livingstone’s advocacy profoundly affected the legal landscape to restrict the slave trade in East Africa, and eventually dealt the deathblow abolishing it forever. Further, this article will illustrate how a lack of enforcement of the law and a policy of incremental restrictions on the slave trade, in lieu of outright abolition, was destructive to East and Central Africa, intensifying the slave trade with ramifications that can still be felt today. Finally, it will demonstrate, by modern analog, how strict enforcement of the rule of law is necessary in the developing world today.
Dynamic DC Motor Excitation Controller

This paper presents the development of a unique dynamic excitation controller for a DC motor having shunt and series field windings. The main purpose of this study is to increase overall power efficiency of an DC motor across a range of speeds and torques by switching between various field excitation configurations. Controller employs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) to allow software control of the excitation method used to produce mechanical motion in the motor. Three excitation methods are used: series, separately excited, and cumulatively compounded. Connecting the motor to the voltage source through the IGBT circuit allows software to control which of the three excitation methods should be used based on the speed and torque of the motor at any given time. This switching is shown in this paper to increase the power efficiency by using a decision-making model.
Supervenience and Physicalism

According to physicalism regarding mentality, mental phenomena obtain solely in virtue of physical phenomena. How can this view be true if mental properties are not physical? One highly notorious method for explaining how physicalism might be true in the absence of psychophysical property identity is to characterize physicalism in terms of supervenience. The notion of supervenience does offer hope for understanding how it can be that a class of properties, A, is distinct from a class of properties, B, even though A-properties are a function of nothing other than B-properties. Yet, after countless attempts to formulate a supervenience-based definition of physicalism, it is widely thought that characterizing physicalism in terms of supervenience fails to capture all that physicalism demands. In this chapter, I explain what I consider the major threat to a supervenience-based definition of physicalism. The concern I raise is actually not an objection to appealing to the notion of supervenience, but rather a question of the very coherence of non-reductive physicalism. As shown here, rather than revealing how a non-reductionist can remain faithful to physicalism, the notion of supervenience only serves to make the prima facie tension between physicalism and non-reductionism even more perspicuous. As described in Section 2.4, it is a mystery why the type of supervenience required by physicalism should be thought to obtain if mental properties are not physical.
Möbius: An Extensible Tool for Performance and Dependability Modeling

Mobius is a system-level performance and dependability modeling tool. Mobius makes validation of large dependability models possible by supporting many different model solution methods as well as model specification in multiple modeling formalisms.
Sharing Words of Silence: Panikkar after Gadamer

This article elucidates and interpretively develops Raimon Panikkar's hermeneutics of intertraditional dialogue by way of setting it into sympathetic and critical dialogue with the predominantly intratraditional hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. It argues that Panikkar's thought enables us not only to appreciate, but also to question the limits of the fundamental roles played by language and tradition in Gadamer's hermeneutics. Panikkar's own hermeneutical reflections arise directly out of intertraditional as well as interlinguistic experience; and they ultimately direct us toward the profoundest dimension of dialogue, a dimension in which the words we share arise out of and gesture back into the depths of an originary silence.
Ruinopolis: Post-Imperial Theory and Learning from Las Vegas

This essay foregrounds a dimension of Las Vegas that other authors only touch on inpassing: its connections to empire. The authors propose a post-imperial analysis of thecity based on a reconstruction of its history and a reading of the traces of this history inthe city’s architecture and its self-presentation in American popular culture. Thisanalysis of Las Vegas as ruinopolis draws attention to the ruin sites of the city and itshinterland, reading them through the lens of empire. We work out the imperialterritoriality of Las Vegas, including the derelict space of the Las Vegas Paiute IndianColony, the ‘Pentagon Desert’around the city with its so-called ‘national sacrifice zone’,and the Strip, with Caesars Palace. We conclude with a post-imperial reading of Venturi,Scott Brown and Izenour’s canonical Learning from Las Vegas and of the ruin signs ofthe Neon Boneyard.
Impact of pancreatic stent caliber on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram pancreatitis rates in patients with confirmed sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Background Despite proven clinical benefit, there are no studies that have examined the relationship between pancreatic stent caliber and its impact on PEP [post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) pancreatitis] in high-risk patients.
Characterization of electrothermal actuation with nanometer and microradian precision

The single motion cycles of an electrothermal actuator were measured with nanometer and microradian precision, using a recently introduced particle tracking method. The actuator linked two rigid bodies that translated and rotated. Stochastic input noise decoupled and coupled the two bodies within the play of the linkage, resulting in a nondeterministic output. The linkage was characterized using a simple model of the actuation mechanism, establishing a new approach to characterizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Wager of Justice: The Betting Commission and the 1984 Campaign

Much has been said, most of it indulgently, about William Rehnquist’s enthusiasm for small-scale, friendly wagering. On more than one occasion, for example, Chief Justice John Roberts has described the place of gambling in his predecessor’s life:Although occasionally a stern figure on the bench, the Chief had a whimsical side. He was a great one for games . . . . He excelled at trivia contests and enjoyed small wagers on anything – athletic contests, presidential elections, the day of the first snowfall, and how much snow there would be.Less has been said about the operational details of the gambling enterprises Rehnquist participated in. This article provides a quick look at one of them: the Betting Commission of which he was an active member during the 1984 election season.
ICE CORES | Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Ice cores collected on dynamic ice sheets cannot be correctly interpreted without accounting for how the ice-sheet shape and flow have changed. By being the last ice sheet of the type occupying primarily a marine basin, the West Antarctic ice sheet has a highly variable behavior. For the past quarter century, researchers have sought a quantitative prediction of its future behavior, including its potential for collapse, and the corresponding effect on sea level. Observations confirm changes on timescales from the Quaternary to less than a minute. The dynamics of the ice sheet involve the complex interaction of kilometers-thick ice that is warm at its base and cold along the margins of ice streams, subglacial till reaches a level where it is composed of a combination of marine sediment and eroded sedimentary rocks, and water that moves primarily between the ice and bed, but whose direction can differ from the direction of ice motion. The pressure of the water system is often sufficient to float the ice sheet locally and small changes in the amount of water in the till can cause it to rapidly switch from very weak to very stiff.
Development and Implementation of Team-Based Panel Management Tools: Filling the Gap between Patient and Population Information Systems

Effective team-based models of care, such as the Patient-Centered Medical Home, require electronic tools to support proactive population management strategies that emphasize care coordination and quality improvement. Despite the spread of electronic health records (EHRs) and vendors marketing population health tools, clinical practices still may lack the ability to have: (1) local control over types of data collected/reports generated, (2) timely data (eg, up-to-date data, not several months old), and accordingly (3) the ability to efficiently monitor and improve patient outcomes. This article describes a quality improvement project at the hospital system level to develop and implement a flexible panel management (PM) tool to improve care of subpopulations of patients (eg, panels of patients with diabetes) by clinical teams. An in-depth case analysis approach is used to explore barriers and facilitators in building a PM registry tool for team-based management needs using standard data elements (eg, laboratory values, pharmacy records) found in EHRs. Also described are factors that may contribute to sustainability; to date the tool has been adapted to 6 disease-focused subpopulations encompassing more than 200,000 patients. Two key lessons emerged from this initiative: (1) though challenging, team-based clinical end users and information technology needed to work together consistently to refine the product, and (2) locally developed population management tools can provide efficient data tracking for frontline clinical teams and leadership. The preliminary work identified critical gaps that were successfully addressed by building local PM registry tools from EHR-derived data and offers lessons learned for others engaged in similar work. (Population Health Management 2016;19:232-239).
Welcome contributor or no price competitor? The competitive interaction of free and priced technologies

The existence of free technologies is prevalent in a variety of industries from software to design. This study examines the competitive interaction between free and priced technologies. I draw on the literature on economic logics to predict that, in general, technologies that are freely shared are likely to stimulate interest and provide useful market information without directly competing with priced technologies. In contrast, due to direct competition, I predict that the prevalence of priced technologies will decrease the sales of other priced technologies. I find support for these hypotheses using a sample of more than 1 million transactions in over 200 distinct markets for MobileApps for the Palm computing platform. This study highlights how free technologies can be utilized to enhance performance of commercial producers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vivo and In Vitro β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Responsiveness in Young and Elderly Asthmatics

This pilot study was undertaken to characterize age-related alterations in airway and metabolic beta 2-adrenergic receptor response using terbutaline as a probe. A single dose of terbutaline 0.007 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously to 10 young (range 20-35 yrs) and 10 elderly (range 60-73 yrs) men and women with asthma. beta-Receptor function was assessed by serial pulmonary function tests, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma potassium, glucose, insulin, and catecholamine levels, and in vitro 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production of pure T lymphocytes. The trend was for lung beta 2-receptor response (bronchodilation) and T lymphocyte cAMP production to be lower in elderly than in young asthmatics, but differences did not reach statistical significance. Elderly subjects' beta 1-adrenergic receptor responsiveness (systolic blood pressure) was also dampened. These data suggest that T lymphocyte stimulation does reflect pulmonary beta 2-receptor response. Whether elderly asthmatics require and tolerate higher dosages of parenteral terbutaline than younger asthmatics deserves further study.
Runtime monitors for tautology based SQL injection attacks

Increased usage of web applications in recent years has emphasized the need to achieve (i) confidentiality, (ii) integrity, and (iii) availability of web applications. Backend database being the main target for external attacks such as SQL Injection Attacks, there is an emerging need to handle such attacks to secure stored information. Pre-deployment testing alone does not ensure complete security and hence post-deployment monitoring of web applications during its interaction with the external world can help us to handle SQL Injection Attacks in a better way. In this paper, we present a framework which can be used to handle tautology based SQL Injection Attacks using post-deployment monitoring technique. Our framework uses two pre-deployment testing techniques i.e. basis path and data flow testing techniques to identify legal execution paths of the software. Runtime monitors are then developed and integrated to observe the behavior of the software for identified execution paths such that their violation will help to detect and prevent tautology based SQL Injection Attacks.
Institutional Reform Litigation in an Era of Governance

This article examines the effects of governance reforms on the role of the courts in institutional reform litigation. It also explores the impact on governance of judicial deference to executive control of local provider networks. The 1999 Olmstead decision and its aftermath illustrate these mutually reinforcing tendencies. State home and community-based Medicaid waiver programs support de-institutionalization but create no legally enforceable rights to services. Conversely, lower federal court cases since Olmstead have resulted in settlement agreements and only incremental expansion of waiver services. These trends stand in stark contrast to institutional reform litigation in the 1970s. Judicial deference to executive control is consistent with an emerging model of legitimacy based on political accountability to a general public interest. To conclude, an outline is presented of a new jurisprudence of community to replace the current jurisprudence of rights that subordinates the right to belong to one's c...
Asian English language learners’ identity construction in an after school literacy site

The importance of students’ identity development has increasingly been acknowledged in the fields of second language acquisition and literacy research. In the cases of two populations receiving growing attention in the research literature, English Language Learners (immigrant students learning English in school settings) and Heritage Language Learners (students attempting, informally or formally, to learn or further develop a language other than English that is spoken in the home environment), identity construction is an especially complicated process. These students move between two environments, one where the native language and culture are represented and another where a second or target language and its culture are engaged. Determining where and with whom they affiliate academically, culturally, linguistically, and socially is an ongoing process. This article describes a qualitative study of four Asian adolescent English Language Learners who participated in an after school literacy club where, through reading multicultural literature and responding to the literature and each other through face to face discussions and electronically via a Wiki site within a Read, Talk, and Wiki (RTW) format, they also engaged in a process of identity construction. The article examines how the RTW club created an important space in which this process occurred and how the students made use of this setting.