cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutation of the TRPM3 cation channel underlies progressive cataract development and lens calcification associated with pro‐fibrotic and immune cell responses

Transient-receptor-potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 3 (TRPM3) serves as a polymodal calcium sensor in diverse mammalian cell-types. Mutation of the human TRPM3 gene (TRPM3) has been linked with inherited forms of early-onset cataract with or without other eye abnormalities. Here, we have characterized the ocular phenotypes of germline "knock-in" mice that harbor a human cataract-associated isoleucine-to-methionine mutation (p.I65M) in TRPM3 (Trpm3-mutant) compared with germline "knock-out" mice that functionally lack TRPM3 (Trpm3-null). Despite strong expression of Trpm3 in lens epithelial cells, neither heterozygous (Trpm3+/- ) nor homozygous (Trpm3-/- ) Trpm3-null mice developed cataract; however, the latter exhibited a mild impairment of lens growth. In contrast, homozygous Trpm3-M/M mutants developed severe, progressive, anterior pyramid-like cataract with microphthalmia, whereas heterozygous Trpm3-I/M and hemizygous Trpm3-M/- mutants developed anterior pyramidal cataract with delayed onset and progression-consistent with a semi-dominant lens phenotype. Histochemical staining revealed abnormal accumulation of calcium phosphate-like deposits and collagen fibrils in Trpm3-mutant lenses and immunoblotting detected increased αII-spectrin cleavage products consistent with calpain hyper-activation. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy of Trpm3-M/M mutant lenses revealed fiber cell membrane degeneration that was accompanied by accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive (α-SMA+ve) myofibroblast-like cells and macrosialin positive (CD68+ve) macrophage-like cells. Collectively, our mouse model data support an ocular disease association for TRPM3 in humans and suggest that (1) Trpm3 deficiency impaired lens growth but not lens transparency and (2) Trpm3 dysfunction resulted in progressive lens degeneration and calcification coupled with pro-fibrotic (α-SMA+ve) and immune (CD68+ve) cell responses.
Disparities in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases

Health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology are prevalent among socially disadvantaged and marginalized populations based on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and geographic region. These groups are more likely to experience greater disease severity, morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, and poor mental health outcomes, which are in part due to persistent structural and institutional barriers, including decreased access to quality health care. Most of the research on health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology focuses on juvenile idiopathic arthritis and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; there are significant gaps in the literature assessing disparities associated with other pediatric rheumatic diseases. Understanding the underlying causes of health care disparities will ultimately inform the development and implementation of innovative policies and interventions on a federal, local, and individual level.
Corrosion and fatigue of surgical implants

Implants for the treatment of femoral fractures, mechanisms leading to the failure or degradation of such structures, and current perspectives on surgical implants are discussed. Under the first heading, general usage, materials and procedures, environmental conditions, and laboratory analyses of implants after service are considered. Corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, pitting corrosion, fatigue, and corrosion fatigue are the principal degradation mechanisms described. The need for improvement in the reliability of implants is emphasized.
Majolica escudillas of the 15th and 16th centuries: A typological analysis of 55 examples from Qsar es-Seghir

This paper examines in detail 55 complete or near complete, unpainted carinated majolica bowls (Columbia Plain) from Qsar es-Seghir (Alcacer Ceguer), a Portuguese garrison in northern Morocco occupied from 1458 to 1550. Base type, rim diameter, glaze type, and presence of handles are found to vary significantly through time. The collection is interesting from a comparative point of view with similar or identical bowls found in 16th century Hispanic sites in the New World.
Variation in ovipositor morphology among laniatorean harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones)

There are relatively few published illustrations of ovipositors for harvestmen belonging to the suborder Laniatores. As a result, the ovipositor of these harvestmen has largely been ignored as a source of informative characters. We used scanning electron microscopy to examine the ovipositor of eight species representing several major lineages (Gonyleptoidea, Phalangodoidea, Samooidea, and Zalmoxoidea). We observed interspecific variation with respect to the number of external lobes on the distal tip, the surface texture of the distal tip, and the morphology of the peripheral setae. The ovipositors of Bishopella (Phalangodoidea) and Stygnomma (Samooidea) were similar in appearance and differed with respect to the number and position of peripheral setae. We observed significant interspecific variation among the gonyleptoidean species, especially with respect to the peripheral setae. The ovipositors of Zalmoxoidea harvestmen had smooth, spatulate peripheral setae but differed with respect to the surface texture of the distal tip. The unusual morphology of these setae has not been observed previously and may represent a new synapomorphy for the family. Characters based upon ovipositor morphology have the potential to illuminate phylogenetic relationships within and between families and genera in these harvestmen.
Cellular oscillators and biological timing: the role of proteins and Ca2+.

Publisher Summary In the control of growth and reproduction, biological timing mechanisms as well as peptidergic neurons and endocrine cells play important roles, and the timing of sleep and waking in mammals depends on a circadian oscillator in each of the bilateral suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. This chapter describes what is presently known about three oscillators, two of which are ultradian (Ca 2+ oscillations and the cell division cycle). Circadian cycles of activity are commonplace in multicellular animals and unicellular eukaryotes as are circadian cycles of photosynthesis, petal movements, and streaming in plant cells, for example, time of day measurement is in bird navigation. In poikilotherms, biological clocks would be useless as timing devices, if they respond passively, as biochemical machines, to environmental temperature changes. Cyclin appears to be the master oscillator. Investigations into the biochemical basis of the circadian oscillation are in their infancy. However, much more needs to be learned about the genes and proteins that are expressed during a circadian cycle before common patterns among different phyla will reveal what has been conserved in the course of evolution.
Fundamental limits of energy dissipation in spintronic interconnects using optical spin pumping

In this paper, fundamental limits of injection of spin-polarized electrons in a non-magnetic material via optical pumping is investigated. Unlike electrical spin injection which can be used for injecting spins into either metallic or semiconducting non-magnets, optical spin pumping is restricted to non-magnets that have a bandgap (e.g. GaAs). Physical models of energy dissipation for both optical and electrical spin-injection schemes are derived. A comparison of their energy dissipation provides useful insights into their relative merits and limits, while also providing guidelines for selecting a specific fabric and topology for spin-based nanoarchitectures.
Stork: package management for distributed VM environments

In virtual machine environments each application is often run in its own virtual machine (VM), isolating it from other applications running on the same physical machine. Contention for memory, disk space, and network bandwidth among virtual machines, coupled with an inability to share due to the isolation virtual machines provide, leads to heavy resource utilization. Additionally, VMs increase management overhead as each is essentially a separate system. Stork is a package management tool for virtual machine environments that is designed to alleviate these problems. Stork securely and efficiently downloads packages to physical machines and shares packages between VMs. Disk space and memory requirements are reduced because shared files, such as libraries and binaries, require only one persistent copy per physical machine. Experiments show that Stork reduces the disk space required to install additional copies of a package by over an order of magnitude, and memory by about 50%. Stork downloads each package once per physical machine no matter how many VMs install it. The transfer protocols used during download improve elapsed time by 7X and reduce repository traffic by an order of magnitude. Stork users can manage groups of VMs with the ease of managing a single machine - even groups that consist of machines distributed around the world. Stork is a real service that has run on PlanetLab for over four years and has managed thousands of VMs.
Interaction of progesterone with all or isolated portions of the amphibian (Rana pipiens) oocyte surface: Physical and biological characteristics☆

Progesterone induces the resumption of meiotic maturation of fully grown oocytes of Rana pipiens both in vivo and in vitro. The nature of the interaction of progesterone with the oocyte was investigated using a technique which allowed the application of steroid to a portion of the oocyte surface. Uptake of [3H]progesterone from the incubation media with time and with varying concentrations of steroid was approximately proportional to the surface area exposed. After 1.5 or 24 hr of continuous exposure of a portion of the oocyte surface to [3H]progesterone, greater than 90% of the radioactivity was associated with the hemisphere exposed. Restriction of the portion of oocyte surface exposed reduced the biological potency of progesterone in the induction of maturation as assessed by germinal vesicle breakdown. Decrease in hormone effectiveness was not due to direct physical effects of the technique. Removal of the surface restriction resulted in an increase in biological activity of the steroid; this change in steroid potency was correlated with an increase in steroid distribution over the cell. Oocytes continuously exposed over a restricted part of their surface to high levels of progesterone (10 μg/ml) matured to a limited extent. After 24 hr of incubation, 55% of the oocytes exposed to 10 μg/ml of progesterone over the animal pole matured as compared to 0% of those oocytes exposed over the vegetal pole. Using [3H]progesterone, no difference was detected in the amount of steroid taken up or retained by the two polar regions. These investigations suggest that the amount of progesterone required to induce maturation is related to its distribution over the oocyte and that the animal and vegetal hemispheres differ in their ability to respond to progesterone.
Prevalence of circulating antibodies directed toward ovaries among women with premature ovarian failure.

: The presence of circulating antibodies to the ovary in serum samples from women with premature ovarian failure suggests that an autoimmune mechanism is a factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder in some women. Sera from 110 women with elevated serum levels of gonadotropins, low serum levels of estrogens, normal karyotypes, and amenorrhea before the age of 35 years were investigated for the presence of antibodies to the ovary. Of the total sera from these 110 patients with premature ovarian failure, 30 (27%) had results that were positive for the presence of circulating antibodies to ovary.
Clinical experience with L-asparaginase.

The administration of L-asparaginase has resulted in reports of beneficial effects in patients with acute leukemia [1–5]. The initial clinical and laboratory studies indicated that L-asparaginase selectively inhibits cancer cells dependent on the nonessential amino acid L-asparagine and offered the promise that L-asparaginase would not be harmful to normal cells. However, later clinical reports dispelled hope for a broad spectrum antitumor effect and also revealed unexpected forms of toxicity [1–7]. Evaluation of the several clinical studies indicates that while the antitumor responses are unique and reproduceable in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children, toxicities are often not consistent in one report compared to another. These differences might be attributable to problems in preparing large quantities of a bacterial protein, and the inclusion of contaminants like endotoxin. In addition it is now possible to obtain L-asparaginase from other species [8] as well as in crystalline form [9] although no major studies have been reported with these preparations. Thus one can only evaluate the relative merits and toxicities of specific preparations, because no comparative clinical trials of the various materials are available.
Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters

16 . The surfactant was a symmetric triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) with a relative molecular mass of 5,800 containing 30% by weight of ethylene glycol monomer (Aldrich). Emulsification was done with a homogenizer. The emulsion was fractionated as described by Bibette 12 . The preparation of the ceramic precursor solution is described with the titania synthesis as an example, because it requires the most reactive alkoxide which is the most difficult to handle. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (97%) was treated with an equimolar amount of the chelating agent 2,4-pentanedione to reduce its reactivity towards water 21 . It was then mixed rapidly by stirring with a mixture of water and formamide, such that the resulting H2O/Ti molar ratio was 3.5 and the Ti concentration was 2.0 M. The resulting clear yellow solution contains a considerable amount of isopropanol produced by the hydrolysis reaction. Because alcohol will destabilize the emulsion, it was removed by double extraction with a fivefold excess of hexanes. The resulting yellow liquid was often turbid. The sol was heated briefly to ,90 8C producing a clear yellow, slightly viscous sol, which did not form a precipitate for several weeks. Zirconia sols were prepared in an analogous fashion, starting with zirconium tetra-n- butoxide (70% in n-butanol). Silica sols were prepared by vigorously mixing silicon tetramethoxide with a mixture of water and formamide acidified to pH 2 with HCl. The surfactant was dissolved to 2 wt% in the sol. For nonuniform pore materials the oil was emulsified directly into it. For uniform pores the separately prepared monodisperse emulsion was centrifuged and the cream dispersed in the sol. The droplet volume fraction was then set by centrifugation and removal of the clear yellow fluid at the bottom. Then 30% ammonia was added so that the molar ratio NH3=Ti < 1. The increase in pH induces gelation in about 3 h. Gels were aged at 50 8C for 24 h in closed 2-ml polyethylene vials, then allowed to exchange pore fluids with excess ethanol for 24 h. The gels were then dried at room temperature and calcined in air in a furnace.
Peanut Breeding and Genetic Resources

Peanut is widely used as an oilseed crop around the world and as a direct source of human food in the United States. Several species of peanut have been cultivated for their edible seeds, but only Arachis hypogaea L. has been domesticated and widely distributed. Production in the United States is completely mechanized, but in many other regions the seeds are planted and harvested by hand. In the United States, approximately 70 percent of the peanuts are runners (small-seeded types of var. hypogaea), 20 percent are virginias (large-seeded types of var. hypogaea), 10 percent are spanish (var. vulgaris), and less than 1 percent are valencia (var. fastigiata) market types (Knauft and Gorbet 1989). Peruvian and aequatoriana types are produced in only a few countries in Central and South America
Barriers and biases: ethical considerations for providing emergency contraception to adolescents in the emergency department.

When adolescents seek emergency contraception in the emergency room, social judgment on the part of clinicians can hamper treatment.
Internet banking and performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical study demonstrating the impact of internet banking, specifically the traffic rank and reach of the web site, on bank performance.Design/methodology/approach – The current study measures the impact of web site rank, percent of total internet users, and number of external links, using data from Alexa.com on bank performance, measured by deposits per branch, net income, return on assets, noninterest income to earning assets, and noninterest expense to earning assets, using data reported from the FDIC.Findings – Results show some support for the importance of web site traffic rank and reach. Specifically, the percent of total internet users and the number of external links were related to both domestic deposits and total global deposits per branch. Moreover, traffic rank and reach were related to net income and noninterest income to earning assets.Research limitations/implications – One limitation of this study is that it did not examine web site ...
Internal stresses in pre-stressed micron-scale aluminum core-shell particles and their improved reactivity

Dilatation of aluminum (Al) core for micron-scale particles covered by alumina (Al2O3) shell was measured utilizing x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation for untreated particles and particles after annealing at 573 K and fast quenching at 0.46 K/s. Such a treatment led to the increase in flame rate for Al + CuO composite by 32% and is consistent with theoretical predictions based on the melt-dispersion mechanism of reaction for Al particles. Experimental results confirmed theoretical estimates and proved that the improvement of Al reactivity is due to internal stresses. This opens new ways of controlling particle reactivity through creating and monitoring internal stresses.
Coxofemoral Amputation in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) With Tibiofibular Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma

Abstract An 8-year-old male neutered miniature Rex rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) was evaluated for progressive left rear limb lameness. A smooth, hard mass was palpated over the proximolateral aspect of the left tibia. Initial radiographic evaluation of the area surrounding the mass revealed a proliferative bony lesion lateral to the tibia without evidence of pulmonary metastases. Cytology of the lesion was consistent with osseous proliferation. Follow up radiographs of the mass after the initial presentation, provided evidence of the mass increasing in size so a second cytologic evaluation was requested. The diagnostic interpretation of the second cytologic submission collected from the mass was osteosarcoma. A coxofemoral amputation was performed on the left rear limb of the rabbit, after which the patient recovered uneventfully from the procedure. Histopathologic evaluation of the mass confirmed osteoblastic osteosarcoma. There was no evidence of metastasis in radiographic images performed at 4 and slightly more than 6 months after the amputation procedure. The rabbit died 190 days after the amputation and several days after recovery from a gastrotomy for gastric bloat. A necropsy was not performed.
Selling the Splat Pack: The DVD Revolution and the American Horror Film

Were brutal American horror movies like the Saw and Hostel films a reaction to the trauma of 9/11? Were they a reflection of 'War on Terror'-era America? Or was something else responsible for the rise of these violent and gory films during the first decade of the twenty-first century? Selling the Splat Pack unravels the history of how the emergence of the DVD market changed cultural and industrial attitudes about horror movies and film ratings. These changes made way for increasingly violent horror films, like those produced by the 'Splat Pack', a group of filmmakers who were heralded in the press as subversive outsiders. Taking a different tack, Mark Bernard proposes that the films of the Splat Pack were products of, rather than reactions against, film industry policy. This book includes an overview of the history of the American horror film from an industry studies perspective, an analysis of how the DVD market influenced the production of American horror films, and an examination of films from Splat Pack members such as Eli Roth, Rob Zombie, James Wan, and Alexandre Aja. By re-examining the history of the American horror film from a business perspective and exploring how DVD influenced the production of American horror films in the early twenty-first century, this thought-provoking book provides students and scholars in Film Studies with an alternative perspective on the Splat Pack."
Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State, from Christian Militias to al Qaeda – By Mark Juergensmeyer

This book, a revision of a 1993 work, offers a comprehensive, systematic, and insightful analysis, enriched by interviews with leaders of many of the religious movements prominent today. This revie...
The Early Influence of the Bergen School on Synoptic Meteorology in the United States

Tor Bergeron’s influence on world meteorology in general and on the United States meteorology in particular can hardly be overestimated. His influence permeates many branches of the science including air mass and frontal analyses, dynamic climatology, general circulation, precipitation patterns and cloud physics. No student of synoptic meteorology can be considered well-rounded unless he is familiar with much of Bergeron’s classical work.
Resource use by the petrochemical industry

Abstract A systems analysis of the petrochemical industry as it has developed since 1940 indicates that efficient use of natural resources has been good business practice in the manufacture of synthetics. Thus, efficient resource use in a plausible development criterion for projecting the industry's response to various economic and technological scenarios.
From Oil Platforms to High-Tech Cleanrooms: Reliability Applications in Facility Design

This paper summarizes our experience in reliability based facility design from the first deep-water mini Tension Leg Platform (TLP) to the largest High-Tech cleanroom in the world. It discusses two different reliability based design approaches: 1) a traditional approach based on the cause-effect theory, which is developed by small specimens, controlled conditions, and sample data; and 2) an alternative approach based on not only the cause-effect theory, but also the correlation theory developed by real structures, real conditions, and large if not all field measurement data.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Complex responses to light of the nudibranch Hermissenda crassicornis (Gastropoda: opisthobranchia)

The behavior of individual nudibranchs (Hermissenda) in a light gradient was measured by the use of mucous trails and direct time-sampled observations. The trails permitted a detailed quantitative characterization of locomotion in terms of circular distributions, time spent in different zones of light intensity, and temporal change in the spatial relations with respect to the center of illumination. Differences in these measures indicated that positive or negative movements are related to diurnal factors, and provided evidence for the operation of an optimal level of illumination. During the day Hermissenda approached illuminated areas and responded with increased speeds to the absence of light. During the night Hermissenda withdrew from the illuminated areas and responded with increased speeds to the presence of light. These opposite patterns may represent internal regulatory adjustments to external energy changes and as such offer an opportunity for a detailed cellular analysis of Jennings' (1906) original principle of the optimum.
Optimization and performance of restoration schemes for wide-area teletraffic networks

In the event of a major network outage such as a fiber cable cut, a network can experience significant deterioration of network performance. To address such a situation, a network can be equipped with restoration capacity. We present here a mathematical model and design algorithm for determination of transmission network restoration capacity. We then present models for two restoration options-connection-based restoration and load directed restoration (for restoration of bundle of circuits)-and consider their impact on a wide-area dynmic call routing teletraffic network when the restoration capacity is limited (tight). Our network simulation of failure and restoration of a dynamic call routing teletraffic network shows that the load directed approach generally performs better than the connection based approach.
HLA-DRW4 IN 91% OF JEWISH PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS PATIENTS

HLA-DRW4 was found in all 11 female and 10 out of 12 male Jewish patients with pemphigus vulgaris, a frequency of 91% in all, which was significantly higher than the 25% frequency among normal Jewish controls. The relative risk was 31.5. The BW38-DRW4 haplotype occurred in 12 out of 22 patients (55%) but in only 2% of White non-Jews and 11% of normal Jewish people.
Acute Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon Tears in a Non-dislocated Knee

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common and may occur in isolation or with other internal derangements of the joint. Tears of the patellar tendon (PT) occur less frequently and are rarely associated with intra-articular pathology. Acute combined tears of both the ACL and PT are known complications of high-energy traumatic knee dislocations. We present a case of an acute concomitant ACL and PT tears in a low-energy non-dislocated knee. To our knowledge, this injury has only been described in a limited number of case reports in the orthopedic literature. We present the imaging findings of this combined injury and discuss the importance of magnetic resonance (MR) in diagnosis.
Application of the Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation in Porous Media

According to the classical advection-dispersion equation (ADE), the variance of travel distance increases linearly with the time elapsed after the release of a solute tracer. However, several field studies showed nonlinear relationships exist between the variance of travel distance for solute tracers and time. Therefore, the transport at the field scale often shows non-Gaussion property. To describe the non-Gaussian transport process, a fractional advection-dispersion equation (FADE) is a possibility. Fractional ADE has been applied to the transport process of non-reactive solutes in a laboratory sandbox as well as that for the Cape Cod field site. In this paper, we discuss several issues regarding the application of FADE. Because of the complexity of the FADE, its application often needs justification. We propose an F-test to judge whether a FADE is necessary. For the Cape Cod experiment, the FADE of order 1.82 is necessary according to our F-test results. In addition, we present a method to estimate the dispersion coefficient and fractional order simultaneously. The obtained parameters from joint estimation will recover the variance-time relationship. Finally, we pointed out that the dispersivity-time or dispersivity-mean travel distance relationship is needed to estimate the fractional order a. Use of dispersivity-distance relationship for estimating the fractional order is theoretically unjustified and may result in unreasonable a values.
Long-term potentiation in the avian hippocampus does not require activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.

Evoked potentials recorded from slices of pigeon hippocampus were reversibly attenuated by 2 mM kynurenic acid. High frequency stimulation (3 × 200 Hz for 1 sec, with 1 sec intervals) evoked a persistent increase in the evoked potential, lasting in a nondecremental form for at least 2 hr. This increase in the magnitude of the potential was not blocked by antagonists of the NMDA receptor (APV and MK-801). These data suggest that the synaptic facilitation observed in the pigeon hippocampus, which appears to be a form of long-term potentiation, does not depend on the activation of NMDA receptors. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Antecedent Exercise on Academic Engagement and Stereotypy During Instruction

Antecedent physical exercise has emerged as a potentially promising treatment for reducing challenging behavior and increasing academic behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise conducted prior to instructional sessions (antecedent physical exercise) on academic engagement and stereotypy during instructional sessions for two children diagnosed with ASD. Functional analysis results suggested stereotypy was maintained by automatic reinforcement for both participants. A multielement design was employed to evaluate academic engagement and stereotypy during instructional sessions following randomly sequenced conditions involving either (a) no antecedent exercise, (b) brief durations of antecedent exercise, or (c) antecedent exercise that continued until the participant engaged in a systematically determined behavioral indicator of satiation. Both participants demonstrated higher levels of academic engagement and reduced levels of stereotypy during the instructional sessions which followed antecedent physical exercise that continued until behavioral indicators of satiation occurred. This study replicates previous research suggesting that individuals with ASD may benefit from physical exercise prior to academic instruction and further suggests that the duration of antecedent exercise may be optimally individualized based on behavioral indicators of satiation.
Disentangling the effects of correctional education Are current policies misguided? An event history analysis

Correctional policies, such as the elimination of Pell Grants to prisoners, often limit inmate educational opportunities. Thus, examination of the possible negative consequences of such actions see...
Lessons Learned from Routine Intraoperative Ureteral Margin Frozen Sections during Radical Cystectomy

Abstract Introduction We examined the practice patterns of intraoperative ureteral frozen section during radical cystectomy and the impact of ureteral margin positivity on operative characteristics and oncologic outcomes. Methods The records of patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution from 2004 to 2011 were identified. Intraoperative ureteral frozen section characteristics were examined, including number, laterality, positivity, conversion to negative and final permanent section status. Logistic regression analysis was performed for predictors of operative time, change in urinary diversion, and biopsy confirmed upper tract recurrence and metastasis. Results A total of 590 intraoperative ureteral frozen sections were sent for analysis from 241 patients (mean age 69 years). The sections were positive in 12.9% of cases and conversion to negative was accomplished in 82%. Multiple sections were associated with longer operating time (561 vs 511 minutes, p=0.011). Sensitivity for the sections was 100% and specificity was 93.6%. Taking multiple ureteral resections did not alter the planned urinary diversion in any patient or increase perioperative complication rates. At a mean followup of 22±19.8 months, 7 patients (3%) experienced upper tract recurrence. Intraoperative ureteral frozen section conversion to negative was associated with improved overall survival but not with upper tract recurrence. Conclusions Our practice of taking intraoperative ureteral frozen sections provided excellent sensitivity and specificity, and the prolonged operative time did not translate into increased perioperative complications. Conversion of positive to negative was associated with improved overall survival, independent of patient comorbidities and post-operative complications. No association was seen with upper tract recurrence but this was likely due to our high conversion rate to negative margins (82%), negative permanent section ureteral margin status in 97% of cases and the long followup time needed to demonstrate an association.
The effect of water radiolysis on the stress corrosion behavior of UNS S31600 stainless steel at 50 and 90°C

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of UNS S31600 austenitic stainless steel has been studied in deaerated 0.5 mM (millimole/liter) potassium sulfate at 50 and 90°C. Radiolysis code simulations at 1024 eV/1/s dose rate resulted in values of 0.2 ppm H2, 1 ppm O2 and 1 – 1.2 ppm H2O2 in pure water. At 50°C, a 0.8 V noble shift in open circuit potential (Eoc) of UNS S31600 was observed in solutions modeling this radiolysis water chemistry. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) results at 50°C suggest that solution annealed (SA) and lightly sensitized (Sen.) UNS S31600 are not susceptible to SCC at Eoc with argon or hydrogen deaeration. With fixed potential at 0.34 volts versus standard hydrogen electrode (V SHE), in the active—passive transition, or 0.46 V SHE, from radiolysis water chemistry modeling, data do not indicate SCC susceptibility for Sen. UNS S31600. At 90°C, Sen. UNS S31600 was not susceptible to SCC at Eoc with argon dearation, or in the active—passive transition at 0.54 V SHE.
RECALL AND RECOGNITION AS MEASURES OF IMMEDIATE MEMORY

did show chat proverbs, disconnected words, and nonsense syllables were Inore easily recognized chan recalled. The main purpose of che presenc study is co compare, with both measures of recognition and recall, the immediate memory of digits, consonants, and high( H A S ) and low-association value nonsense syllables ( L A S ) . /Method.-Ss were 21 men and 27 women undergraduates tested individually within a 50-min. testing period. The stimulus materials were the digits from I to 9 , nine consonants (C, F, H, J, K, M, P, R, X ) , and nlne HAS ( B A W , FOS, HAN, JUR, KIP, LOY, NEV, PUD, RAF; association values 2 50%) and nine LAS (BOJ, DAX, FEP, LEB, NEM, RUV, TAZ, YED, ZUK; association values 5 27%) chosen from a recent revision of Hull's list (Trapp & Kausler, 1959) . Each S was tested on a single class of material at a time; order of presentation of materials followed a balanced Latin Square design. Immediate memory of the four classes of material was measured first by recall. then by recognition for half the Ss. This procedure was reversed for the remaining Ss. The measure of recall required S to reproduce in writing on his answer sheer the items he had heard and could remember. The measure of recognition required S to listen to a series of items, then a second series of items, and then to check on his answer sheet whether rhe second series were the same as the first. The second series was always composed of the same items as the first, but on one-half of the trials, rhe order of the items in the pair of series was different. The series of digits and consonants were from 4 to 1 0 elements in length; tPle series of syllables were from 3 to 9 elements in length. Two trials were given at each length of series, and the series were presented in order of increasing length. Testing on a particular dass of material was terminated when S missed both items at a particular length of series (e.g., when S failed to recall the t ~ o separate series of, say, six digits, or when S failed to recognize whether the two separate pairs of six digits were the same or different). Ss were familiarized with the consonants and syllables by allowing them to read separate lists of the appropriate, alphabeticallyarranged items for about 30 sec. before the tests of immediate memory were made. Ss were instructed to listen carefully to the materials, which were presented at a l/sec. rate via a tape recorder, and to not write the answer until signalled to do so. On all series of items of a particular length, the interval of time between the presentation of a stimulus and the signal to respond was the same for both recall and recognition. Intertrial intervals were as brief as possible, and before each trial, S was given a "ready" signal. Memory spans were computed for each S for each dass of material and each method of measurement by the procedure outlined by Woodworth and Schlosberg ( 1954) . Resu/l~ and discussion.-Latin square analyses of variance (Edwards, 1960, pp. 265-26s) were computed separately for each response measure on the memory span data. Results supporced earlier findings. Immediate memory
Decay of pair correlations in three-dimensional crystals

The long-range behavior of spatial correlations in three-dimensional crystals is analyzed in the context of a Landau model. A scaling argument is used to show that the two-particle density distribution ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{2}({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{1},{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{2})$ decays to its asymptotic value ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1}({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{1}){\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1}({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{2})$ as $\frac{1}{{r}_{12}}$ when the distance ${r}_{12}$ between the positions ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{1}$ and ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{2}$ in the crystal becomes large. An elastic analogy is developed whereby this asymptotic behavior may also be interpreted in terms of displacement fields induced by the action of point forces. The slow $\frac{1}{{r}_{12}}$ decay of the density correlations is seen to be entirely consistent with expressions for the elastic moduli and the thermal diffuse scattering intensity.
Frequency Effects on the Fatigue of Glass Reinforced Plastics

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the effects of cyclic frequency on the tensile fatigue characteristics of glass fiber (non-woven) reinforced plastics. A 3-M material w...
Extensive facial hematoma following third molar removal

Third-molar extractions are among the most common surgical procedures performed by oral/maxillofacial surgeons. Post-operative complications, although uncommon are often managed by emergency physicians. We present a case of an elderly woman presenting to the emergency department with extensive facial hematoma with extension into the maxillary sinus. The patient required admission and was evaluated by the oral surgery and otolaryngology services before discharge home in stable condition. This case presents an overview of the emergency department diagnosis and management of hemorrhage following exodontia. A 90-year-old woman with a non-contributory past medical history on no anti-coagulation presented to the ED with a chief complaint of severe and progressive facial pain and swelling following a third molar dental extraction for suspected abscess performed several hours prior (Figs. 1 and 2). Upon physical examination, her vitals were unremarkable, and the airway was patent. The right side of the face was visibly swollen. The surgical wound of the third molar had been closed with absorbable sutures and was mildly bleeding. No purulent material was noted. The buccal mucosa was massively swollen and appeared as a large hematoma. After manual packing of the right side of the mouth
Optical absorption in crossed electric and magnetic fields

Abstract In the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields, the optical absorption edge is shifted toward longer wavelengths. The deviation from its value in zero electric field is proportional to the sum of the effective masses in the two bands and also to the square of the electron drift velocity in the crossed fields. From the behavior of the absorption edge with d.c. electric field, the effective masses of the electrons in the conduction and valence bands can be determined. The period of the quantum oscillations in the optical absorption is also shifted by the same amount as the absorption edge from its value in zero electric field. The transition probability between different Landau levels in the two bands is found to be an oscillatory function of electric field. In very strong electric fields, the absorption increases with electric field.
Identification and assessment of factors contributing to variability of the jaw jerk

Abstract Unlike limb monosynaptic reflexes, the jaw jerk reflex (JJR) is extremely variable. We studied 35 healthy adults to determine the relative contributions of extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlying this variability. Each subject sat in a dental chair with his head and chin securely stabilized. Chin taps, delivered by a solenoid-driven plunger, were quantified with a piezo-transducer. The reflex response was recorded from surface electrodes over the right masseter muscle. A nasal thermistor signalled phases of respiration. Five of the 35 subjects had no reflex when relaxed, but during 15° neck extension or voluntary contraction of the platysma muscle, a JJR appeared. The amplitude of the reflex varied considerably from trial to trial in all but one subject. A small component of this variability was due to minute changes in tap force despite head and chin stabilization and stimulus uniformity. Mean amplitudes of the reflex tended to increase with increases in tap force, but variability was large indicating intrinsic fluctuations in motoneuron excitability. Voluntary contraction of the platysma muscle and 15° neck extension reliably enhanced the reflex. The JJR showed negligible respiratory modulation during quiet breathing. The reflex's variability in and among subjects precludes the use of the JJR as an index of masseteric motoneuron excitability. Our findings suggest that branchial motoneurons innervating the masticatory muscles receive far more diverse and fluctuating inputs than do somatic motoneurons innervating limb muscles.
Wave-structure interaction: simulation driven by quantitative imaging

We present a new approach to simulating wave-structure interaction dynamics using proper orthogonal decomposition by directly employing eigenmodes extracted from particle image velocimetry experimental data. A low-dimensional Galerkin model is constructed incorporating up to 12 modes and time-dependent boundary conditions. A penalty method is introduced to deal effectively with such boundary conditions. Our results suggest that this model represents accurately the flow dynamics, and it is asymptotically stable without the use of any ad hoc dissipation or other stabilization schemes. Our findings are documented by applying this approach to studying the vorticity dynamics of wave-cylinder interactions at Keulegan-Carpenter numbers of 9.3 and 13.9.
Convergence of mimetic finite difference discretizations of the diffusion equation

The main goal of this paper is to establish the convergence of mimetic discretizations of the first-order system that describes linear diffusion. Specifically, mimetic discretizations based on the support-operators methodology (SO) have been applied successfully in a number of application areas, including diffusion and electromagnetics. These discretizations have demonstrated excellent robustness, however, a rigorous convergence proof has been lacking. In this research, we prove convergence of the SO discretization for linear diffusion by first developing a connection of this mimetic discretization with Mixed Finite Element (MFE) methods. This connection facilitates the application of existing tools and error estimates from the finite element literature to establish convergence for the SO discretization. The convergence properties of the SO discretization are verified with numerical examples. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM, 87545. Email: berndt@lanl.gov, moulton@lanl.gov, shashkov@lanl.gov. Sponsored by the Department of Energy, under contract W-7405-ENG-36. yDept. of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, Email: lipnikov@math.uh.edu. Supported by the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute (LACSI).
The N-terminal PDZ-containing region of postsynaptic density-95 mediates association with caveolar-like lipid domains

Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) is a palmitoylated peripheral membrane PDZ protein that organizes signaling molecules at synaptic sites. Here we find the amino terminal region of PSD-95, containing the three PDZ domains is necessary and sufficient to localize PSD-95 to caveolar-like domains. In transfected COS cells, a subpopulation of PSD-95 is buoyant in sucrose gradients, and co-migrates with caveolin, a marker for caveolar domains. Sucrose gradient separation of brain extracts showed that some neuronal PSD-95 protein is present in buoyant fractions as well. Analysis of truncated forms of the PSD-95 indicated that the N-terminal PDZ-containing region localizes to caveolae, but the C-terminal region, containing the SH3 and the guanylate kinase domains does not. The mechanism by which the N-terminal region targets PSD-95 to buoyant lipid domains remains unknown. PSD-95 does not interact with caveolin and palmitoylation of PSD-95 is not required for caveolar fractionation.
Generic Fréchet differentiability of the pressure in certain lattice systems

This note has two goals. The first is to give an explicit description (Theorem 1) of the duals of certain weighted products ℛ h of a countable family of Banach spaces. These products include the usual spaces of interactions which arise in statistical mechanics. The second goal is to use this description to prove that if the factor spaces are finite dimensional and the weight functionh satisfies a certain growth condition, then the pressure is Frechet differentiable wherever it is Gateaux differentiable (hence is Frechet differentiable in a denseG δ subset).
Evaluation of Bicuspid Aortic Valves by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography

M-mode echocardiography has proved useful in the identification of congenital bicuspid aortic valves. Characteristically, marked eccentricity of the cusp echoes within the aortic lumen in diastole is observed. This results in asymmetry of the systolic images of the aortic valve so that one leaflet appears to be larger than the other. An additional frequent finding in patients with bicuspid aortic valves is the presence of multilayered echoes in diastole in the absence of fluoroscopic or pathological evidence of valvular calcification. Redundant leaflet tissue normally present in bicuspid aortic valves probably produces folds whose diastolic position may vary in different cardiac cycles giving rise to asymmetry and variability of diastolic cusp position. Asymmetric leaflet images may also be due to the unequal size of the leaflets. However, both false positive and false negative diagnoses have been made. A midline aortic valve diastolic cusp position may be obtained from a single transducer position and false positives have been obtained in conditions with abnormal position or distortion of the aortic root, such as sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.