cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plant Impacts on Competition Between Tidal Marsh Microbes

Wetlands can store a lot of carbon in soils, but wetland microbial respiration also releases a great deal of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and methane (CH~4~). These gases combined are responsible for ~80% of the radiative climate forcing. Understanding the controls on microbial respiration and the importance of different metabolic pathways has important climate change implications. Plants affect microbial respiration in wetlands by impacting the available soil carbon pool and the redoximorphic conditions of the soil environment. These plant impacts in turn affect microbial competition. In this study we were particularly interested in determining the role of soil carbon quality versus environmental factors in influencing the relative contributions of denitrification, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis to overall microbial respiration in a freshwater tidal wetland (Jug Bay) and a brackish marsh (Jack Bay) on the Chesapeake Bay, USA. We collected soils from each site, homogenized them, and buried samples at their original location or at the opposite location. A year and a half later samples were collected (October, 2008) and analyzed for the amount of respiration contributed by different metabolic pathways. Overall microbial respiration rates were higher in the soil with the higher carbon content (Jack Bay average soil organic matter = 54%; Jug Bay = 18%). However, when normalized to soil carbon content, respiration rates were actually higher for the soil with lower carbon content at both locations (Jack Bay soils total carbon respired = 4.4 umols per g soil C per day; Jug Bay soils = 7.4 umols per g soil C per day). These results suggest that carbon quality, more than quantity or environmental factors such as sulfate availability, drives microbial respiration rates. We conclude that plant carbon inputs to soils have a lasting legacy on microbial competition in wetlands.
Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative, Precursor B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Blinatumomab is a CD19/CD3 bispescific antibody designed to redirect T cells toward malignant B cells and induce their lysis. It recently gained accelerated approval by the FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RR-ALL). In the phase II trial that served as the basis for approval, blinatumomab demonstrated significant single-agent activity and induced remission [complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete recovery of peripheral blood counts (CRh)] in 43% of 189 adult patients with RR-ALL; the majority of responders (82%) also attained negative minimal residual disease (MRD(-)) status that did not generally translate into long-term remissions in most cases. Additional studies show that blinatumomab can induce high response rates associated with lasting remissions in patients in first remission treated for MRD positivity, suggesting a role for blinatumomab in the upfront, MRD-positive setting. Blinatumomab infusion follows a predictable immunopharmacologic profile, including early cytokine release that can be associated with a clinical syndrome, T-cell expansion, and B-cell depletion. Neurologic toxicities represent a unique toxicity that shares similarities with adverse effects of other T-cell engaging therapies. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal disease setting and timing for blinatumomab therapy. Additional insights into the pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention of neurologic toxicities as well as a better understanding of the clinical consequences and biologic pathways that are associated with drug resistance are needed.
Synthesis of the Rosette-Inducing Factor RIF-1 and Analogs

Studies on the origin of animal multicellularity have increasingly focused on one of the closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. Single cells of S. rosetta can develop into multicellular rosette-shaped colonies through a process of incomplete cytokinesis. Unexpectedly, the initiation of rosette development requires bacterially produced small molecules. Previously, our laboratories reported the planar structure and femtomolar rosette-inducing activity of one rosette-inducing small molecule, dubbed rosette-inducing factor 1 (RIF-1), produced by the Gram-negative Bacteroidetes bacterium Algoriphagus machipongonensis. RIF-1 belongs to the small and poorly explored class of sulfonolipids. Here, we report a modular total synthesis of RIF-1 stereoisomers and structural analogs. Rosette-induction assays using synthetic RIF-1 stereoisomers and naturally occurring analogs defined the absolute stereochemistry of RIF-1 and revealed a remarkably restrictive set of structural requirements for inducing rosette development.
Opportunistic channel allocation decision making in cognitive radio communications

The global spread of wireless devices with mobile Internet access and the increasing demand of multimedia-based applications are fueling the need for wireless broadband networks. IEEE 802.16 and 802.20 are standards for a broadband wireless access with promising cognitive radio features to support mobile Internet access. However, because of the fast changing radio environment and the demand for dynamic spectrum allocation mechanisms, these standards must continuously readjust different radio parameters. The cognitive radio makes decisions based on its built-in inference engine, which also in time can adapt itself to different situations through the process of learning from experience. In this paper we present an automated opportunistic decision making and learning process for cognitive radio based on uncertainty reasoning algorithms. This novel approach is well suited in fast changing wireless environments with vague, incomplete, and heterogeneous information. Theory and simulations prove that decision making and learning of the cognitive radio based on the proposed approach cope with the changes in the radio environment. In this work we use fuzzy logic for the learning and decision making of the cognitive radio. Simulation also show that our approach provides accurate and precise decisions on allocating spectrum to mobile Internet users even in fast varying radio conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reexamining the Cold Conveyor Belt

Abstract Despite the popularity of the conveyor-belt model for portraying the airflow through midlatitude cyclones, questions arise as to the path of the cold conveyor belt, the lower-tropospheric airflow poleward of and underneath the warm front. Some studies, beginning with Carlson's analysis of the eastern U.S. cyclone of 5 December 1977, depict the cold conveyor belt moving westward, reaching the northwest quadrant of the storm, turning abruptly anticyclonically, rising to jet level, and departing the cyclone downstream (hereafter, the anticyclonic path). Other studies depict the cold conveyor belt reaching the northwest quadrant, turning cyclonically around the low center, and remaining in the lower troposphere (the cyclonic path). To clarify the path of the cold conveyor belt, the present study reexamines Carlson's analysis of the cold conveyor belt using an observational and mesoscale numerical modeling study of the 5 December 1977 cyclone. This reexamination raises several previously unappreciated...
BdcA, a protein important for escherichia coli biofilm dispersal, is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase that binds specifically to NADPH

The Escherichia coli protein BdcA (previously referred to as YjgI) plays a key role in the dispersal of cells from bacterial biofilms, and its constitutive activation provides an attractive therapeutic target for dismantling these communities. In order to investigate the function of BdcA at a molecular level, we integrated structural and functional studies. Our 2.05 A structure of BdcA shows that it is a member of the NAD(P)(H)-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Structural comparisons with other members of the SDR family suggested that BdcA binds NADP(H). This was demonstrated experimentally using thermal denaturation studies, which showed that BcdA binds specifically to NADPH. Subsequent ITC experiments further confirmed this result and reported a Kd of 25.9 µM. Thus, BdcA represents the newest member of the limited number of oxidoreductases shown to be involved in quorum sensing and biofilm dispersal.
MACROECONOMETRICS: THE SCIENCE OF HUBRIS

Abstract Macroeconometric models are built on astonishingly precarious grounds and yet are used by policy makers to project precision and certainty. Econometricians use lagged dependent variables, “add factors,” and other techniques to make their models more accurate—at the expense of the integrity of the models. The reason for the unscientific nature of macroeconometric models is that, unlike the objects of controlled experimentation, real-world events are often unique and non-repeatable. Models that use repeatable events are poorly suited to accurate prediction or historical explanation.
Graphs and Networks

In this chapter we study mathematical systems known as networks. One special problem of this type, the transportation problem, was studied in some detail in Chapter II. Here we shall be interested in more general networks.
Change in an Evolution Course

J am writing this column in August as I look forward to the fall semester when I'm going to teach a course called Scientific Inquiry. It is part of the University's "new" core curriculum, now going into its third year, which means that I've already taught this course four times. It still feels new to me, especially this semester because I'm making a number of changes. The major one is in the focus of the course. Scientific Inquiry was developed by a committee, which obviously makes it suspect, but in this case I think the committee did a pretty good job. Needless to say, I was a member of the group. So I'm hardly impartial, but even I was surprised at how well we did. The other members were from the departments of chemistry, physics, biology, and environmental studies.
Systemic and cell-specific mechanisms of vasculopathy induced by human immunodeficiency virus and highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher rates of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation that can damage the vascular system compared with the general population. This can be attributed both to HIV itself and to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) they receive. This review outlines the mechanisms by which HIV and HIV medications can cause vascular complications and identifies strategic areas of research to treat these dysfunctions. Review HIV and HAART affect the vascular system through several mechanisms that target systemic or metabolic systems and specific cells. HIV causes dyslipidemia and chronic immune activation, which can contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition, HIV damages macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets, and this damage also plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. HAART, particularly protease inhibitors, interferes with cholesterol metabolism and can affect macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. The metabolic changes and cell damage induced by HIV and HAART put HIV patients at increased risk for atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and serious cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Conclusions HIV patients have increased risk of developing potentially life-threatening cardiovascular pathology, which cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone. More research is needed into therapies to target this HIV-specific vasculopathy.
Abstract CN12-03: Epigenetic targets of sulforaphane and epigallocatechin gallate in cancer prevention

Interest in cancer epigenetics has arisen from the fact that epigenetic processes affect many aspects of tumor formation and progression. The reversibility of epigenetic changes that may arise in early tumorigenesis is an important aspect of their potential in approaches for cancer prevention. Many of the components of the human diet have bioactive effects that lead to reversal of epigenetic aberrations in cancer. We have found that both (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea and sulforaphane (SFN) from cruciferous vegetables are able to down-regulate telomerase in breast cancer cells. This occurs through epigenetic modifications of the promoter region of hTERT, the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Since telomerase promotes tumor formation and is active in about 90% of cancers, this epigenetic inhibition of its catalytic subunit gene may have considerable potential in breast cancer prevention. Our studies also indicate that these bioactive dietary compounds are able to convert estrogen-receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells to ER-positive breast cancer cells and to prevent the formation of highly lethal ER-negative breast cancer. This occurs through epigenetic modifications of the ERalpha gene in response to EGCG and SFN. These findings have significance in that ER-positive cells are amenable to breast cancer prevention or therapy with compounds such as tamoxifen while ER-negative cells confer few preventive or treatment options for patients. Moreover, our studies have also indicated that EGCG and SFN have additive or synergistic epigenetic effects on cancer prevention and that the oral administration of green tea polyphenols and SFN-rich broccoli sprouts inhibits the formation of breast cancer in mice. These results are important because the combination of these dietary products may have potential in lowering their efficacious consumption and increase their utility for breast cancer prevention in humans. Citation Format: Trygve Tollefsbol, Yuanyuan Li. Epigenetic targets of sulforaphane and epigallocatechin gallate in cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr CN12-03.
Identification of novel peptoid agonists of fibroblast growth factor receptors using microarray-based screening

Drug development targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) represents an emerging theme in the field of medicinal chemistry. Considering the fact that most of the currently identified FGFR agonists are long chain peptides with limited stability, the discovery of novel non-peptide FGFR ligands is still highly demanded. A linear one-bead-one-compound peptoid (oligomers of N-substituted glycine units) library with a theoretical diversity of 106 was designed and synthesized. Microarray-based screening led to the identification of four hit sequences 1–4 as FGFR1α ligands, which were further confirmed using both solution-phase and solid-phase binding assays. Western blot results indicated that peptoids 2–4 activated FGFR signaling pathways, resulting in increased levels of p-Akt and p-ERK in different cell lines. Our work discovered novel peptoid ligands as FGFR agonists, shedding new light on FGFR-based drug discovery.
Patch types and geographical features impact canker disease incidence of short-rotation poplar plantations at a mesoscale landscape:case Qingfeng county, China

Landscape pathology provides novel approaches and theoretical support for regional control of forest disease from a landscape perspective on the spread rate of pathogens,occurrence and severity of disease.We reported for the first time in China the occurrence characteristics of the disease syndromes of short-rotation poplar plantations at mesoscale landscape in Qingfeng county,Henan province.The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of patch types and geographical features on plantation disease incidence(DI) and individual tree disease severity index(DSI) based on principles and methodology of landscape pathology.Within a 100 km2 area,DI was significantly different in patches which were classified according to planting modes and stand varieties: DI was significantly lower in agro-forest patches than in other three patch types.Carefully tended approaches,such as appropriate pruning,fertilizing,watering and weeding,significantly reduced both DI and DSI.Poplar plantation located around and nearer to villages exhibited significantly higher disease incidence mainly due to human activities and herbivores.A logistic regression model were set up successfully(Wald = 71.248,p0.001) considering varieties,age,tree’s height,tree number density,canopy cover,stand types,patch types,management status,and stand geographical locations.The overall correctness of prediction was 68.2%,in which the correctness for predicting diseased tree was 79.8%.
Nephrocolic Fistula Complicating Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy

AbstractThe nonoperative management of a nephrocolic fistula that resulted from percutaneous nephros-tolithotomy is reported. Adequate urinary drainage, removal of the nephrostomy tube, use of an elemental diet and antibiotic coverage are advocated. (J. Urol., 140: 1007–1008, 1988)
Biogeochemical Controls of Uranium Bioavailability from the Dissolved Phase in Natural Freshwaters

To gain insights into the risks associated with uranium (U) mining and processing, we investigated the biogeochemical controls of U bioavailability in the model freshwater species Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda). Bioavailability of dissolved U(VI) was characterized in controlled laboratory experiments over a range of water hardness, pH, and in the presence of complexing ligands in the form of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM). Results show that dissolved U is bioavailable under all the geochemical conditions tested. Uranium uptake rates follow first order kinetics over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Uranium uptake rates in L. stagnalis ultimately demonstrate saturation uptake kinetics when exposure concentrations exceed 100 nM, suggesting uptake via a finite number of carriers or ion channels. The lack of a relationship between U uptake rate constants and Ca uptake rates suggest that U does not exclusively use Ca membrane transporters. In general, U bioavailability decreases w...
A SWAT model validation of nested-scale contemporaneous stream flow, suspended sediment and nutrients from a multiple-land-use watershed of the central USA.

Abstract There is an ongoing need to validate the accuracy of predictive model simulated pollutant yields, particularly from multiple-land-use (i.e. forested, agricultural, and urban) watersheds. However, there are seldom sufficient observed data sets available that supply requisite spatial and temporal resolution and coupled multi-parameter constituents for rigorous model performance assessment. Four years of hydroclimate and water quality data were used to validate SWAT model estimates of monthly stream flow, suspended sediment, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and total inorganic nitrogen from 5 nested-scale gauging sites located in a multiple-land-use watershed of the central USA. The uncalibrated SWAT model satisfactorily simulated monthly stream flow with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ranging from 0.50 near the headwaters, to 0.75 near the watershed outlet. However, the uncalibrated model did not accurately simulate monthly sediment, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and total inorganic nitrogen with NSE values
Microdevices for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Two designs of microdevices for microanalysis by mass spectrometry have been developed. In both cases the electrospray is used for sample ionization and transfer of the analytes from the microdevice into the mass spectrometer. The first design incorporates a capillary electrophoresis separation channel and a micromachined pneumatic nebulizer for generation of a stable sample flow and electrospray. The second design is aimed at a high throughput infusion analysis in a format compatible with a standard microtiter well plate technology. The samples, deposited into the wells, can be analyzed in rapid sequence by consecutive application of the electrospray voltage and pressure in the respective channel. During operation, the microdevice is positioned on a motorized translation stage. This assures that each consecutive sample can be analyzed immediately after collection of sufficient amount of data from the previous sample.
Common Cosmetic Concerns and Approaches

Individuals with skin of color represent a growing group of patients who are seeking cosmetic treatments. This chapter explores the most common cosmetic concerns in darker racial and ethnic groups. Treatment strategies tailored toward skin of color will also be reviewed in this chapter as this population is often at higher risk of side effects from cosmetic procedures.
The Benchmarking Effort for Networking Children’s Hospitals (BENCHmark)

Article-at-a-Glance Background In 1992, 12 large children's hospitals established the Benchmarking Effort for Networking Children's Hospitals (BENCHmark). The goal was for the BENCHmark effort to supplement the hospitals' continuous quality improvement (CQI) programs and to speed adoption of best practices from peer institutions. For three years, the hospitals have been comparing data on cost, quality, and speed indicators. Also, "best practice" groups have met to share information on how processes can be improved. Results The BENCHmark hospitals have experienced significant process improvement in areas such as emergency department waiting time and admitting process time. Example The BENCHmark hospitals selected admitting as one of the first best practice groups to meet. Interdisciplinary staff from all BENCHmark hospitals met three times over the course of a year to define their indicator and share information on best practices. St Louis Children's Hospital, as a result, instituted a pre-arrival team and cross-trained staff, with the result being a reduction of admitting processing time from 58 minutes to 19 minutes. Same-day surgery patients now bypass the admitting department and go directly to the surgical floor. Patient and surgeon satisfaction has increased greatly. Conclusions Hospitals that are planning to benchmark are encouraged to reach consensus on project goals and to focus on indicators that provide a clear business advantage. Physician involvement is key to improving performance and physicians will only be engaged if the hospitals against whom they are benchmarked are considered peers. Being willing to share initial data openly seems to be a key factor in determining successful integration of the BENCHmark process into hospital CQI efforts. The BENCHmark project has been so successful that a second group of 12 comparable pediatric institutions, known as the Network II, has been established.
Development and Factor Structure of the Helping Professional Wellness Discrepancy Scale

ABSTRACTThe authors present the development of the Helping Professional Wellness Discrepancy Scale (HPWDS). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the HPWDS; (b) review statistical analyses procedures used to develop the HPWDS; and (c) offer implications for counselors, other helping professionals, and future research.
Electricity theft concerns within advanced energy technologies

Developments in ambient energy and radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting have the potential to provide in situ power for sensor systems; however, they also have the potential to illicitly collect generated energy. Additionally, new methods of electricity theft have appeared with the introduction of smart grid components. This paper provides an understanding of electricity theft as it relates to advanced energy applications, e.g. energy harvesting and the smart grid. A discussion is also provided of the interdisciplinary, ethical and education issues of electricity theft as it relates to these domains.
Impact of toll-like receptor 4 stimulation on human neonatal neutrophil spontaneous migration, transcriptomics, and cytokine production.

Neonates rely on their innate immune system, and neutrophils in particular, to recognize and combat life-threatening bacterial infections. Pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist, improves survival to polymicrobial sepsis in neonatal mice by enhancing neutrophil recruitment. To understand the response of human neonatal neutrophils to TLR4 stimulation, ex vivo spontaneous neutrophil migration, neutrophil transcriptomics, and cytokine production in the presence and absence of LPS were measured directly from whole blood of adults, term neonates, and preterm neonates. Spontaneous neutrophil migration was measured on novel microfluidic devices with time-lapse imaging for 10 h. Genome-wide neutrophil transcriptomics and plasma cytokine concentrations were also determined. Preterm neonates had significantly fewer spontaneously migrating neutrophils at baseline, and both term and preterm neonates had decreased neutrophil velocity, compared to adults. In the presence of LPS stimulation, the number of spontaneously migrating neutrophils was reduced in preterm neonates compared to term neonates and adults. Neutrophil velocity was not significantly different among groups with LPS stimulation. Preterm neonates upregulated expression of genes associated with the recruitment and response of neutrophils following LPS stimulation, but failed to upregulate the expression of genes associated with antimicrobial and antiviral responses. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, and TNF-α increased in response to LPS stimulation in all groups, but IL-10 was increased only in term and preterm neonates. In conclusion, age-specific changes in spontaneous neutrophil migration counts are not affected by LPS despite changes in gene expression and cytokine production.
Mechanisms for emission of4He in the reactions of 334 MeV40Ar with238U

Emission of4He in the reaction 334 MeV40Ar+238U has been studied by triple coincidence measurements that allow the separate identification of fusion fission and sequential fission. For the4He evaporative spectra from fusion fission the composite system is shown to be the predominant contributor; whereas, for sequential fission the dominant emission is from the fragments. This result demonstrates a correlation between evaporative emission probability and lifetime expectancy of the composite system. To account for the observed4He spectra two other mechanisms are necessary in addition to nuclear evaporation. At forward angles, the4He spectra from both fusion fission and sequential fission exhibit higher intensities and larger energies than those expected from purely evaporative processes. This forward-peaked component must be related to a very rapid or pre-thermalization stage of the reaction. At backward angles yet another component is observed for fusion fission. As it is sensitive to the fragment masses but does not carry the kinematic shift characteristic of their full acceleration, this component must originate near to the time of scission. The average4He energy for this component is approximately 17 MeV (c.m.), and its intensity is correlated with a plane perpendicular to the fission fragment separation axis. These signatures are similar to those for long range alpha particle emission in low energy fission. Alpha particles evaporated from the composite nuclei in fusion-fission reactions are shown to be preferentially associated with fission events which result in the more symmetric masses. This result is consistent with the notion that mass asymmetric fission is a faster process than symmetric fission. Such a correlation between mass asymmetry and lifetime is an essential part of the “fast fission” or “quasifission” idea, which has attracted much current attention.
Assessment of executive functioning using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was one of the first attempts to measure executive function via self- and informant reports of everyday functioning in the real-world environment and was the first published measure of these self-regulatory capabilities in children and adolescents (Gioia, Isquith, Guy & Kenworthy, 2000a). The impetus for the BRIEF arose among the authors in 1994 while trying to reconcile the often discrepant parent and teacher reports of children’s everyday functioning at home and in school with their performance on putative performance measures (i.e., “tests”) of executive function. At that time, there were few such performance measures of executive function developed for children and adolescents, no rating scales or structured observational methods for evaluating executive functions, and very few published articles on executive function in children (Bernstein & Waber, 2007).
Toward a 21st Century Power Education: A Bright Future Awaits Students in Utah

Power engineering programs have been revived in many universities around the world. Now, with the renewed interest and help from the industry, power engineering programs are being rebuilt with very strong interdisciplinary curricula sparked by industry needs. It takes resources, vision, and a community to make a university, a college of engineering, and a power program-and a power engineer.
Evolutionary Design of an Open-Loop Turn Circle Intercept Controller

We examine the use of an evolutionary algorithm to design an open-loop controller for a turn-constrained intercept problem. In this problem, two agents, an Attacker and a Target, move about an obstacle-free, two-dimensional plane with constant speeds and bounded turn rates. The Target is restricted to only moving along a circle of constant radius. The Attacker's goal is to capture the Target by moving into an advantageous position behind the Target on the same turn circle in minimum time. The Attacker's controller is represented by a parameterized control vector. An evolutionary algorithm is then used to simultaneously tune integer and continuous parameters.
“Convoluted Journeys”: Integrating Nonprofit Organizations and University Science

University scientists are frequently challenged to embrace stakeholder engagement in a way that departs from traditional contract-oriented relationships; this is occurring within water management a...
The meaning of interdependence.

There has been increasing attention to promoting interdependence in organizations recently, from self-managing front line teams, to cross-functional task forces, to process complete departments, and so on. The hope for these structures is that getting people to operate interdependently for collective outcomes will improve the quality, timeliness, and/or originality of those outcomes. The data are still out about how well interdependence can produce such outcomes. It is by no means a simple and straightforward task to create interdependence where there has been none before, as many organizations implementing total quality management (TQM) have discovered (Hackman & Wageman, 1995). Indeed, if managers draw from long experience to create well-designed individual work, they may well be better off than those organizations that attempt to create teams but end up with poorly structured interdependent work.
Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation: a novel mutation in the DARS2 gene.

Leucoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a very rare autosomal recessive, slowly progressive neurological disorder characterised by distinctive clinical findings including cerebellar, pyramidal and dorsal column dysfunction. This is caused by a mutation in the DARS2 gene, which encodes mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. MRI shows distinctive abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and specific brain stem and spinal cord tracts. Here, we present a case of LBSL, with a novel c.1192-2A>G mutation.
Iodine: Fast Dynamic Taint Tracking Using Rollback-free Optimistic Hybrid Analysis

Dynamic information-flow tracking (DIFT) is useful for enforcing security policies, but rarely used in practice, as it can slow down a program by an order of magnitude. Static program analyses can be used to prove safe execution states and elide unnecessary DIFT monitors, but the performance improvement from these analyses is limited by their need to maintain soundness. In this paper, we present a novel optimistic hybrid analysis (OHA) to significantly reduce DIFT overhead while still guaranteeing sound results. It consists of a predicated whole-program static taint analysis, which assumes likely invariants gathered from profiles to dramatically improve precision. The optimized DIFT is sound for executions in which those invariants hold true, and recovers to a conservative DIFT for executions in which those invariants are false. We show how to overcome the main problem with using OHA to optimize live executions, which is the possibility of unbounded rollbacks. We eliminate the need for any rollback during recovery by tailoring our predicated static analysis to eliminate only safe elisions of noop monitors. Our tool, Iodine, reduces the overhead of DIFT for enforcing security policies to 9%, which is 4.4x lower than that with traditional hybrid analysis, while still being able to be run on live systems.
HPV vaccine, Twitter, and gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.

This study aimed to quantify human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Twitter messaging addressing gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GB+MSM) and describes messaging by vaccine sentiment (attitudes towards vaccine) and characteristics (topic of messaging). Between August 2014 and July 2015, we collected 193 379 HPV-related tweets and classified them by vaccine sentiment and characteristics. We analysed a subsample of tweets containing the terms 'gay', 'bisexual' and 'MSM' (N = 2306), and analysed distributions of sentiment and characteristics using chi-square. HPV-related tweets containing GB+MSM terms occupied 1% of our sample. The subsample had a largely positive vaccine sentiment. However, a proportion of 'gay' and 'bisexual' tweets did not mention the vaccine, and a proportion of 'gay' and 'MSM' tweets had a negative sentiment. Topics varied by GB+MSM term-HPV risk messaging was prevalent in 'bisexual' (25%) tweets, and HPV transmission through sex/promiscuity messaging was prevalent in 'gay' (18%) tweets. Prevention/protection messaging was prevalent only in 'MSM' tweets (49%). Although HPV vaccine sentiment was positive in GB+MSM messaging, we identified deficits in the volume of GB+MSM messaging, a lack of focus on vaccination, and a proportion of negative tweets. While HPV vaccine promotion has historically focused on heterosexual HPV transmission, there are opportunities to shape vaccine uptake in GB+MSM through public health agenda setting using social media messaging that increases knowledge and minimizes HPV vaccine stigma. Social media-based HPV vaccine promotion should also address the identities of those at risk to bolster vaccine uptake and reduce the risk of HPV-attributable cancers.
Impact of Abdominal Obesity on Proximal and Distal Aorta Wall Thickness in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study.

Objective Abdominal obesity and wall thickness of the central arteries have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite the higher burden of overweight and cardiovascular disease among African Americans, limited data are available on the association of abdominal obesity with aortic wall thickness in African Americans. We assessed the cross-sectional and the longitudinal associations of abdominal obesity with aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) in a cohort of African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study. Methods Data on aIMT and repeated measures of waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio from 1,572 participants, as well as on abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and aIMT from 1,223 participants, were analyzed. aIMT was measured at proximal ascending aorta (PA-aIMT), proximal descending aorta (PD-aIMT), and distal aorta (bifurcation) using cardiac magnetic resonance. SAT and VAT were measured using computerized tomography. Results WC and WHtR were longitudinally associated with PA-aIMT and PD-aIMT; SAT and VAT were associated with PA-aIMT only. Only WC was associated with distal aIMT. Conclusions Abdominal obesity measures are associated with increased proximal aIMT in adult African Americans. Only WC is associated with wall thickness in all three segments of the aorta.
Crime in a Psychological Context: From Career Criminals to Criminal Careers

1. Understanding Crime: The Prime Context Predator Crime In Context The Organization of this Book Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 2. Latent Structure: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Dimensional Context The Self Mutilator What is Latent Structure? The Taxometric Method Identifying the Number of Dimensions Behavioral Dimensions of a Criminal Lifestyle Cognitive Dimensions of a Criminal Lifestyle Why Should We Care About Latent Structure? Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 3. Classification: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Diagnostic Context Mr. Consistency Diagnostic Functions Essentials of Categorical Diagnosis Essentials of Dimensional Diagnosis Constructing a Dimensional Diagnosis for the Criminal Lifestyle Analyzing Trends and Identifying Patterns Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 4. Assessment: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Appraisal Context Tuesday's Child Clinical Forensic Psychology Construct Assessment Risk Assessment Broad-Band Clinical Forensic Assessment Instruments Narrow-Band Clinical Forensic Assessment Instruments Clinical Forensic Evaluation of Grace Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 5. Development or Propensity: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Etiological Context Born Under a Bad Sign Development versus Propensity in Explaining Crime A Lifestyle Theory of Crime Jerry Revisited: A Developmental Analysis Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 6: Phenomenology: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Subjective Context Married to the Mob Phenomenology Responses to the Ten Questions Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 7. Intervention: The Criminal Lifestyle in a Programmatic Context The Boxer Programmed Intervention Unassisted Change The "Nothing Works" Controversy Finding a Philosophy Implementing the Program Evaluating the Outcome Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 8. Prevention: The Criminal Lifestyle in a High Risk Youth Context Dennis the Menace Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention The Lifestyle Approach to Secondary Prevention Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 9. Mental Illness and Malingering: The Criminal Lifestyle in an Application Context Tattoo Mental Illness Malingering Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts 10. Future Contexts and Distance Horizons The Second Story Man Understanding Crime: The Prime Context Future Dimensional Contexts Future Diagnostic Contexts Future Appraisal Contexts Future Etiological Contexts Future Subjective Contexts Future Programmatic Contexts Future Preventive Contexts Future Application Contexts Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts
Linkages between crude oil and emerging Asian stock markets: New evidence from the Chinese stock market crash

Abstract This study examines returns and volatility spillover between crude oil and emerging Asian stock markets during the Chinese stock market crash of 2015. The empirical findings reveal a positive causal effect from crude oil price changes to the majority stock markets. Volatility is transmitted from oil to the Indian and Korean stock markets. The weights of oil assets in oil-stock portfolios decrease during the Chinese market crash compared to the full sample and the US financial crisis. Lastly, less oil assets are required to minimize portfolio risk in the Chinese crisis than in the full sample or US crisis.
Employing Enhanced Recovery Goals in Bariatric Surgery (ENERGY): a national quality improvement project using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program

Abstract Background To date, there have been no large-scale enhanced recovery projects in bariatric surgery in the United States. Objective The aim of this project was to implement an enhanced recovery protocol for selected Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program centers and determine its impact on length of stay, bleeding, readmissions, and reoperation rates. Setting University and private practice programs, United States. Methods Participating sites were identified based on historical extended length of stay (ELOS, ≥4 d). A 6-month run-up period was used to allow implementation of the protocol. Primary bariatric procedures were included in the analysis, which compared ELOS from historic data (2016) with outcomes during the Employing Enhanced Recovery Goals in Bariatric Surgery (ENERGY) project. Relationships between adherence to the 26 process measures and ELOS were analyzed. Specific adverse 30-day outcomes were monitored. Results Thirty-six centers participated in the project. The final analytic sample consisted of 18,048 cases total over a 24-month period, including 8946 from the 2016 calendar year and 9102 from the ENERGY period. The overall rates of ELOS for pre- and postintervention were 8.1% and 4.5%, respectively, without increasing readmission rates, reoperation rates, or overall morbidity. Bleeding rates increased from .8% preintervention to 1.1% during ENERGY (adjusted P = .06). There was a significant association between increased adherence score and decreased odds of ELOS (P Conclusion Implementation of a large-scale enhanced recovery project is feasible and results in decreased ELOS without increasing overall adverse events or readmissions. Increased adherence to the protocol was closely associated with decreased ELOS. The ENERGY protocol or similar enhanced recovery pathways should be implemented on a larger scale to further improve the care and outcomes of bariatric surgery patients.
A Practical Guide for Transitioning from Classical Immunosuppressants to Dupilumab in Atopic Dermatitis.

Dear Editor,Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis characterized by intense pruritus and rash. Its etiology is complex and influenced by an interplay of genetics, env...
Soziale Grundlagen des Verhaltens

Allein kommt der Mensch auf die Welt, und allein verlast er sie wieder. Trotzdem sagt man, das der Mensch das sozialste aller sozialen Lebewesen ist. Er entsteht durch den sozialen Akt heterosexuellen Verkehrs; seine Geburt, an der viele Menschen teilnehmen, verandert das Leben einiger von ihnen vollig; sein Tod, mag er durch einen anderen Menschen verursacht oder mit medizinischer und psychologischer Hilfe verzogert worden sein, ubt oft eine tiefgehende emotionale Wirkung auf die aus, die ihn brauchten. Zwischen den Ereignissen von Geburt und Tod erfullt der Mensch sein Leben mit Beziehungen zu anderen Menschen.
Inclusion of Positive Self-reporting by Mothers of Substance Exposed Neonates Increases the Predictability of NAS Severity Over Toxicology Alone

The rise in opioid use among pregnant women has resulted in an increase in the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Despite the focus on opioid use, prenatal polysubstance exposure is often associated with NAS diagnosis and severity. Drug toxicology screens such as urine drug screens and umbilical cord toxicology are dependent upon the substance, timing, frequency, and dose to detect substances present and can underestimate the neonatal exposure. The aim of this study was to identify the predictability of the consequences of prenatal polysubstance exposure versus opioid only exposure based on toxicology and toxicology plus self-report. Neonates > 35 weeks gestation with prenatal opioid exposure were included in this retrospective data analysis. NAS was identified using maternal urine drug screen (UDS) toxicology, self-reported exposure during pregnancy, and neonatal toxicology. Analysis was conducted using Stata 15.1 utilizing McNemar’s test, chi-square for categorical outcomes, and Wilcoxon test for numerical outcomes. A statistically significant difference in length of stay and length of treatment with poly-exposed neonates was observed when maternal self-report was considered with toxicology, but not with toxicology alone. This trend was observed for cumulative hospital length of stay as well as length and dose of treatment. The findings in this report demonstrate that self-report is important for identifying substance of exposure. Three substances in particular that often require a change in treatment paradigm went undetected by toxicology were Gabapentin (20.9% of the population), Heroin (20.5% of the population), and Benzodiazepines (8.5% of the population). A healthy rapport with patients is often critical to effective clinical practice. Women with substance use disorder anticipate negative reactions from healthcare providers. Empathetic interview techniques to facilitate accurate disclosure may be more important to the treatment of the exposed neonate.
Harnessing a behavioral economic framework for supporting providers in improving early childhood care

High-quality early care and education is increasingly viewed as a path toward narrowing socioeconomic gaps in children’s school readiness and development. Features of early childhood education envi...
Framing the Discussion

This chapter analyzes college classroom discussion of a critical text on the U.S.-Dakota War orchestrated by a seasoned Holocaust scholar teaching during the 2012 sesquicentennial in the region where the fighting once took place in southern Minnesota. Analysis concerns the instructor’s setting of discursive frames for discussion and how those frames determined a certain script that surprisingly omitted direct talk of genocide against the Dakota people. Part of this dynamic involved setting a frame of “balance” around a traditional white source on the war and a contrasting frame of “imbalance” around the critical text under discussion. The chapter contextualizes this teaching as both response to and reinforcement of a regional white public pedagogy that routinely directs citizen-scholars away from critical-social-justice education on Minnesota’s war of 1862 toward “neutral” stances that remove moral judgment from public discourse, ultimately to the favor of historic white interests.
Quantitative Assessment for Commutation Security Based on Extinction Angle Trajectory

In order to reduce the risk of commutation failure (CF) in the AC/DC hybrid power system, the quantitative analysis on CF is required for on-line assessment and optimal control. This paper presents an accurate and reliable method to quantify the commutation security based on the trajectory due to the complexity of the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) model. Firstly, the characteristics of the extinction angle trajectory are analyzed under both commutation success and failure conditions. The commutation security margin index (CSMI) is then proposed for the HVDC systems. Moreover, a search strategy for parameter limits is put forward based on the sensitivity analysis of CSMI to accelerate the search speed with a guaranteed accuracy level. A modified IEEE 39-bus power system and an actual large-scale power system with 46 generators and 821 buses are utilized to verify the validity and robustness of the proposed index and strategy.
Final report and long-term outcomes: Phase I trial of a HER2 intracellular plasmid-based vaccine in HER2+ advanced stage breast cancer.

2619Background: Vaccination with the intracellular domain (ICD) of HER2 in pre-clinical models is both immunogenic and protective against the development of mammary tumors. This study (NCT00436254)...