cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Qualitative analysis and synthesis of a class of neural networks

The dynamic properties of a class of neural networks (which includes the Hopfield model as a special case) are investigated by studying the qualitative behavior of equilibrium points. The results fall into one of two categories: results pertaining to analysis (e.g., stability properties of an equilibrium, asymptotic behavior of solutions, etc.) and results pertaining to synthesis (e.g. the design of a neural network with prespecified equilibrium points which are asymptotically stable). Most (but not all) of the results presented are global, and their applicability is demonstrated by an example. >
Free Cyanide Sorption on Freshwater Sediment and Model Components

The sorption of free cyanide (HCN) on mineral components of sediment, activated carbon, and a freshwater sediment was studied via batch experiments in synthetic freshwater at pH 6.4–7.6. It was found that free cyanide did not sorb to any significant extent on sediment mineral components, but did sorb strongly to activated carbon and moderately to a freshwater sediment. Results of experiments with 100 and 150 μ g/L free cyanide spike amounts resulted in no observed sorption to kaolin clay, Ottawa sand, or alumina in the synthetic freshwater. Extensive removal of free cyanide from the aqueous phase was observed in the partitioning experiments with the powdered activated carbon. Results with whole sediment indicated up to 46% removal of free cyanide from the aqueous phase in experiments with 20 and 50 μ g/L free cyanide. The organic-carbon-normalized distribution coefficient Koc (= Cs/Cwfoc) for free cyanide sorption on the activated carbon (foc = 1.0), 4.2 L/gs, was similar to the Koc value for free cyanide...
Demographic variation in incidence of adult glioma by subtype, United States, 1992-2007

Background We hypothesized that race/ethnic group, sex, age, and/or calendar period variation in adult glioma incidence differs between the two broad subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM) and non-GBM. Primary GBM, which constitute 90-95% of GBM, differ from non-GBM with respect to a number of molecular characteristics, providing a molecular rationale for these two broad glioma subtypes.
Tripropylene Glycol Diacrylate but Not Ethyl Acrylate Induces Skin Tumors in a Twenty-Week Short-Term Tumorigenesis Study in Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) Mice

The toxicity of the esters of acrylic acid are poorly understood even though significant human exposure occurs. To conduct rapid comparative short-term bioassays, we used the Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) transgenic mouse model to determine the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) alone and in a reference formulated ultraviolet radiation curable lacquer (Lacquer A), which is used in the ultraviolet radiation curable surface coatings. For comparison, ethyl acrylate (EA) was used as a reference acrylate. Insertion of the zeta-globin promoted v-Ha-ras transgene into the FVB mouse genome (Tg.AC) introduced a defined genetic lesion, which is critical but insufficient by itself to induce benign or malignant tumors in the skin unless activated. Activation and expression of the transgenic ras oncoprotein in this mouse line induces a dose-related increase in papillomas (skin reporter phenotype) within weeks. Based on dose-related increases in skin hyperplasia following dermal exposure to EA, TPGDA, or Lacquer A (applied equimolar for TPGDA concentration), the dosing regimen was selected. Starting at 12 wk of age, the agents were administered topically (200 microliters of acetone vehicle) 3 times/wk for 20 wk to the shaved dorsal skin of female Tg.AC mice (n = 10/group). TPGDA and reference Lacquer A (equimolar for TPGDA) at 5 or 10 mumoles/mouse but not EA (60, 300, or 600 mumoles/mouse) or TPGDA or Lacquer A at 1 mumole/mouse induced a dose-related increase in papillomas between 6 and 12 wk of treatment that reached a maximum number of papillomas per mouse between 19 and 20 wk of treatment. These results indicate that TPGDA is significantly more potent than EA for inducing the skin reporter phenotype and may be predicted to be carcinogenic in long-term cancer bioassays at the site of contact.
The Politics of Privilege: Old Regime and Revolution in Lille

This study analyzes the political and fiscal origins of the French Revolution by looking at the relationship between the royal government and privileged, corporate bodies at local level. Utilizing a neo-Tocquevillian approach, it argues that the monarchy undermined its own attempts at reform by extending central authority, while at the same time it continued to rely upon corporate structures and monopolies to finance the state. The unresolvable, institutional conflicts had the effect of politicising members of the privileged elite and eventually led many of them to embrace a rhetoric of citizenship, accountability, and civic equality that had far-reaching and unanticipated consequences. When Lille's bourgeoisie consolidated a municipal revolution in 1789, they followed a programme that was politically liberal, but economically conservative. Arranged as a series of case-studies, the book illuminates the structure of political power in the Flemish provincial estates, the growth of royal taxation, the problem of municipal credit, the role of venal officeholders, and the relationship of the revolutionary bourgeoisie to monopolies of the guilds.
II. Post-Tetanic Potentiation and Depression of Generator Potential in a Single Non-Myelinated Nerve Ending

Repetitive activity at the non-myelinated ending of Pacinian corpuscles leaves the following after-effects: (1) With certain parameters of repetitive mechanical stimulation of the ending a depression in generator potential is produced. The effect is fully reversible and has low energy requirements. The effect is a transient decrease in responsiveness of the receptor membrane which is unrelated to changes in resting membrane potential. It appears to reflect an inactivation process of the receptor membrane. Within certain limits, the depression increases as a function of strength, frequency, and train duration of repetitive stimuli. (2) With other, more critical parameters of repetitive stimulation a hyperpolarization of the ending and of the first intracorpuscular Ranvier node may be produced. This leads to respectively post-tetanic potentiation of generator potential and increase in nodal firing threshold. The balance of these after-effects determines the threshold for the production of nerve impulses by adequate (mechanical) stimulation of the sense organ. The after-effects of activity at the node can be elicited by dromic (mechanical) stimulation of the ending, as well as by antidromic (electric) stimulation of the axon; the after-effects at the ending can only be produced by dromic and not by antidromic stimulation.
Anti-Gamma Interferon Antibodies Enhance the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors

Vaccination for eliciting antigen-specific memory CD8(+) T cells may be facilitated by manipulating the pleiotropic effects of gamma interferon (IFN-γ). We assessed strategies for modulating the contribution of IFN-γ during the development of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations. We first showed that recombinant IFN-γ suppressed antigen expression in vitro from a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector in a dose-dependent manner and that addition of an anti-IFN-γ antibody (Ab) eliminated this suppression. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we found that HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific CTL responses were higher in IFN-γ-knockout (GKO) mice than in wild-type mice following immunization with rAd. Since these observations suggested that IFN-γ might suppress rAd-induced CTL development, we assessed the ability of anti-IFN-γ Ab administration to augment rAd-elicited CTL in vivo. In fact, blockage of IFN-γ activity by monoclonal Ab administration was associated with elevated levels of interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain-positive (IL-7Rα(+)) Env-specific CTL populations postboost. These observations illustrate the utility of an anti-IFN-γ Ab for potentiating rAd immunizations to effect quantitative and qualitative changes in the effector and memory CTL populations.
Adiposity induces lethal cytokine storm after systemic administration of stimulatory immunotherapy regimens in aged mice

Aging is a contributing factor in cancer occurrence. We recently demonstrated that systemic immunotherapy (IT) administration in aged, but not young, mice resulted in induction of rapid and lethal cytokine storm. We found that aging was accompanied by increases in visceral fat similar to that seen in young obese (ob/ob or diet-induced obese [DIO]) mice. Yet, the effects of aging and obesity on inflammatory responses to immunotherapeutics are not well defined. We determine the effects of adiposity on systemic IT tolerance in aged compared with young obese mice. Both young ob/ob- and DIO-generated proinflammatory cytokine levels and organ pathologies are comparable to those in aged ad libitum mice after IT, culminating in lethality. Young obese mice exhibited greater ratios of M1/M2 macrophages within the peritoneal and visceral adipose tissues and higher percentages of TNF(+) macrophages in response to αCD40/IL-2 as compared with young lean mice. Macrophage depletion or TNF blockade in conjunction with αCD40/IL-2 prevented cytokine storms in young obese mice and protected from lethality. Calorie-restricted aged mice contain less visceral fat and displayed reduced cytokine levels, protection from organ pathology, and protection from lethality upon αCD40/IL-2 administration. Our data demonstrate that adiposity is a critical factor in the age-associated pathological responses to systemic anti-cancer IT.
Developing a Data Driven System for Computational Neuroscience

A data driven system implies the need to integrate data acquisition and signal processing into the same system that will interact with this information. This can be done with general purpose processors (PCs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or more recently with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In a computational neuroscience system that will interact with neural data recorded in real-time, classifying action potentials, commonly referred to as spike sorting, is an important step in this process. A comparison was made between using a PC, DSPs, and FPGAs to train a spike sorting system using Gaussian Mixture Models. The results show that FPGAs can significantly outperformed PCs or DSPs by embedding algorithms directly in hardware.
Partiality and Adjointness in Modal Logic

Following a proposal of Humberstone, this paper studies a semantics for modal logic based on partial “possibilities” rather than total “worlds.” There are a number of reasons, philosophical and mathematical, to find this alternative semantics attractive. Here we focus on the construction of possibility models with a finitary flavor. Our main completeness result shows that for a number of standard modal logics, we can build a canonical possibility model, wherein every logically consistent formula is satisfied, by simply taking each individual finite formula (modulo equivalence) to be a possibility, rather than each infinite maximally consistent set of formulas as in the usual canonical world models. Constructing these locally finite canonical models involves solving a problem in general modal logic of independent interest, related to the study of adjoint pairs of modal operators: for a given modal logic L, can we find for every formula φ a formula f(φ) such that for every formula ψ, φ → []ψ is provable in L if and only if f(φ) → ψ is provable in L? We answer this question for a number of standard modal logics, using model-theoretic arguments with world semantics. This second main result allows us to build for each logic a canonical possibility model out of the lattice of formulas related by provable implication in the logic.
Give a hard problem to a diverse team: exploring large action spaces

Recent work has shown that diverse teams can outperform a uniform team made of copies of the best agent. However, there are fundamental questions that were not asked before. When should we use diverse or uniform teams? How does the performance change as the action space or the teams get larger? Hence, we present a new model of diversity for teams, that is more general than previous models. We prove that the performance of a diverse team improves as the size of the action space gets larger. Concerning the size of the diverse team, we show that the performance converges exponentially fast to the optimal one as we increase the number of agents. We present synthetic experiments that allow us to gain further insights: even though a diverse team outperforms a uniform team when the size of the action space increases, the uniform team will eventually again play better than the diverse team for a large enough action space. We verify our predictions in a system of Go playing agents, where we show a diverse team that improves in performance as the board size increases, and eventually overcomes a uniform team.
Noninvasive Treatment for Brain Tumors: Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery

Over the last decade, the development of transcranial MR-image guided focused ultrasound surgery (tcMRgFUS) has, as a non-invasive methodology, initiated interesting alternatives to traditional invasive tumor surgery. The tcMRgFUS therapy delivery system integrates advanced MR image acquisition modes, e.g., precise anatomical information, local temperature maps and tissue stiffness, with complex, computer controlled large phased array ultrasound transducers to provide closed-loop therapy planning, soft tissue thermal ablation, without damaging surrounding normal tissue, treatment monitoring and assessment of the tissue coagulation. These procedures can be accomplished fully automated and first clinical trials are in progress at specialized centers. Moreover, besides treating tumors by high energy MRgFUS thermal ablation, low energy tcMRgFUS combined with microbubbles (e.g., ultrasound contrast agents) injected into the systemic circulation offers new therapeutic solutions for adjuvant tumor pharmacotherapy such as blood-brain-barrier opening and targeted drug delivery or even gene therapy. The combination of these technical advancements may generate a paradigm shift in the field of neuro-oncology by opening a novel, comprehensive and non-invasive strategy for brain tumor treatment with locally enhanced chemotherapy.
TSV-to-TSV Coupling Analysis and Optimization

In this chapter we study TSV-to-TSV coupling in 3D ICs [4]. A full-chip signal integrity (SI) analysis flow is developed based on the proposed coupling model. Analysis results show that TSVs cause significant coupling noise and timing problems despite the fact that TSV count is much smaller compared with the gate count. Two approaches are proposed to alleviate TSV-to-TSV coupling, namely TSV shielding and buffer insertion. Analysis results show that both approaches are effective in reducing the TSV-caused-coupling and improving timing.
Vascular and visceral injuries during lumbar-disc surgery.

Surgical experience in this country over the last few decades indicates that abdominal injuries caused accidentally by the perforation of the interbody joints by instruments during the removal of disc substance contribute heavily to the formidable over-all risk inherent in lumbar-disc surgery. Therefore, avoiding these accidents by all possible means is of paramount importance. Prevention can be achieved best by the application of sound surgical practice; however, it is imperative to re-emphasize that injuries to vital structures anterior to the discs have happened accidentally with incredible ease in the hands of skillful and competent surgeons. If one of these complications occurs, the surgeon should be prepared to meet it with the most effective measures possible.
Acetate-replacing factors for lactic acid bacteria; intracellular distribution in rat liver.

SummaryThe major portion of the acetate-replacing factor activity of rat liver homogenates has been demonstrated to be associated with the mitochondria.
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF SHALLOW SEAS AS A CAUSAL FACTOR IN EVOLUTION

during the latest interglacial period. It retreated to southern Russia during the ultimate glaciation. From this area it has expanded in historical times, reaching for instance Holland only at the beginning of the 19th century (Benthem Jutting, 1943, p. 207). Contrary to the opinion expressed by Moore, neo-zoologists thus can indeed prove the extreme rapidity of colonization. Reduced selection pressure consequently is operative only during a short period, during a time wholly inadequate for speciation. Theoretical conditions to be fulfilled if evolution really were "in response" to oscillations of shallow seas are as follows: (1) reduced selection pressure during transgression phases over periods long enough to initiate speciation. (2) isolation of aberrant parts of faunas considered. Neither of these two conditions has been indicated. LITERATURE CITED
The Role of Hydrodynamic Interactions in the Rate of Protein Folding

Hydrodynamic interactions (HI) affect the diffusivity of protein dynamics. However, a computationally quantitative assessment of its role in protein folding has been an under explored research field. A lack of HI in molecular dynamics simulations fails to capture the experimentally measured translational and rotational diffusion coefficients when HI is no longer negligible, such as inside a crowded cell. In our study, we incorporated hydrodynamic interactions into the equations of motion from the Brownian dynamics by computing the diffusion correlation matrices between each residue. We used a, structure-based model to investigate the folding of two well studied proteins: chymo-trypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) and the Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain of alpha-spectrin.For both proteins, we observed that HI increases the folding rate varying from 50% to 5% depending on the free energy barrier height. Furthermore, we measured the diffusion throughout the stages of folding to relate HI effect to the structural differences of these two proteins. Lastly, we compared our simulation results with the folding rates predicted by the Free Energy Landscape Theory. Our theoretical calculations will allow us better develop a computational framework for protein folding in crowded cells.
The Challenges of Promoting Instructional Improvement: Teaching Behaviors and Teaching Cultures at Liberal Arts Institutions in the Associated Colleges of the South

One goal of faculty development is to improve instructional practice (McKee, Johnson, Ritchie, & Tew, 2013; Ouellett 2010; Sorcinelli, Austin, Eddy, & Beach, 2006). This goal accords with the design of the Associated Colleges of the South Teaching and Learning Workshop, a faculty development workshop begun in 1992 for 16 residential, liberal arts institutions that comprise the ACS consortium. We surveyed ACS faculty members and observed that they are most likely to engage independently rather than collaboratively to improve their instructional practice, despite stated desires for collaborative opportunities for such work. We recommend that faculty development programs and institutions promote ways for faculty members to engage in collective examinations of instructional improvement that are mindful of specific institutional expectations and cultures, and that they invite discussion around the barriers and facilitators to collaborative work.
Special Track on Artificial Intelligence in Games and Multimedia

One consistent and growing area of concentration of artificial intelligence is in the area of games – serious games and simulations, educational games, and traditional game AI.
Effects of simulated facility-design changes on outpatient pharmacy efficiency

The potential effects of using the Baker drug counter or the Systamodule pharmacy fixture, or both, on the efficiency of the current outpatient pharmacy system at the National Institutes of Health were evaluated by computer simulation. It was hypothesized that the use of these two devices would reduce (1) the prescription-filling time (RxFT) and (2) the distance traveled (DT) by pharmacists in filling individual prescriptions. The sample used was 20% of two weeks' prescriptions, randomly selected. All theoretical estimations of RxFT were done by a computer program; DT was calculated based on measurements from the architect's schematic drawings. The effect of the application of the Baker drug counter alone, the Systamodule pharmacy fixture alone, and the Baker drug counter in combination with the Systamodule pharmacy fixture was to reduce the prescription-filling time by 0.123, 0.159, and 0.280 minutes per prescription, respectively. The average DT per prescription, 102 feet, was identical in the current NIH pharmacy and with use of the Baker counter. It was reduced by 86.3% (to 14 feet) with use of the Systamodule feature, both alone and in combination with the Baker counter. The use of the Baker drug counter and the Systamodule together promises improved efficiency of the prescription dispensing operation.
“Nature is Not Abnormal; Only Lifelessness is Abnormal”: Paradigms of the In-valid in Reflections in a Golden Eye

Graham-Bertolini argues that Reflections in a Golden Eye situates murder as a metaphor for the “killing” of Captain Penderton’s restrictive masculine ideal, to suggest that he may in the future be free of heteronormative constraints. Graham-Bertolini argues that McCullers deliberately undermines conceptions of “normality” in the main characters of Reflections in a Golden Eye by demonstrating how performances of “the normal” lead them to tragedy, and she reveals how the atypical attributes of these characters ultimately allow them to challenge the discriminatory social order instead.
Tool use, problem-solving, and the display of stereotypic behaviors in the brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Abstract Recent studies suggest that bears have relatively high cognitive capabilities. However, cognitive processes and problem-solving abilities remain relatively unexplored in bear species. We studied the capacity for 8 captive brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) to move and use inanimate objects to obtain a food reward. We recorded their behaviors during the problem-solving process using a behavioral ethogram. Three items, a large log, a small log, and a box, were placed in an outdoor enclosure. As the bears progressed through 3 stages of trials, they would need to manipulate the objects and displace them into the proper location and orientation to climb atop to reach a suspended food reward. Completion of the third and final stage was deemed to be evidence of tool use. Six of the 8 bears were capable of tool use. Most bears (>90% of trials) were successful in completing the final stage in
Convenient route to tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes via metal-catalysed P–C coupling polymerisation of aryl dihalides and diphenylphosphine

A P-C bond-forming reaction has been applied to the convenient preparation of tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes (TPELs) from aryl dihalides and diphenylphosphine. A TPEL having a thermal decomposition temperature of 460 °C that is also stable to heating at 65 °C in 6 M NaOH(aq) for at least 24 h has been prepared by this method.
Determining the optimal place and time for procedural education

In an apprenticeship model, for a trainee who is developing their skills, situating them in the workplace has distinct advantages. Starting from legitimate peripheral participation, the developing clinician is moulded by social interaction and collaboration while they learn from the spectrum of patients that make up a given clinical population.1 The goal is lasting behavioural and cognitive changes in the trainee as they take up the mantle of ‘expert clinician’. However, to take on legitimate roles in the clinical workplace, a trainee requires direct just-in-time support, or ‘scaffolding’, in the form of supervision. Their preceptors provide enough support to ensure that safe and successful patient management can be accomplished. This is analogous to training wheels for someone learning to ride a bicycle—a scaffolding mechanism that enables a relative novice to perform the activity from start to finish when they otherwise would not have been able to.2 A novice such as a medical student requires considerable support and so leans considerably on the training wheels. As the learner progressively develops as a practitioner, they will require less and less scaffolding.3 The training wheels are used less …
Two Alternative Criteria for a Split-Merge MCMC on Dirichlet Process Mixture Models.

The free energy and the generalization error are two major model selection criteria. However, in general, they are not equivalent. In previous studies, for the split-merge algorithm on conjugate Dirichlet process mixture models, the complete free energy was mainly used. In this work, we propose, the new criterion, the complete leave one out cross validation which is based on the approximation of the generalization error. In numerical experiments, our proposal outperforms the previous methods with the test set perplexity. Finally, we discuss the appropriate usage of these two criteria taking into account the experimental results.
Growth and Success—Looking Forward to 2018 and Beyond

Time flies and I am excited to write this Editorial to share with you a few important highlights of the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS). We have enjoyed another very successful year for the journal in many aspects. • The latest impact factor of TNNLS is 6.108 according to the Journal Citation Reports. This marks a historical high impact factor for our journal and places TNNLS as the number three scholarly publication in Computer Science (Hardware & Architecture) , number three in Computer Science (Theory & Methods) , and number 15 in all Electrical and Electronic Engineering journals. • The number of submissions in the past year reached the 1400 mark, another historical high in terms of manuscript submissions. This is another strong indicator of a healthy and continuous growth of the journal and the community. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all our editorial board members and reviewers for all their dedicated hard work and service to the journal to ensure a timely and comprehensive review of each and every submission to keep the highest quality of the journal. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all our editorial board members and reviewers for all their dedicated hard work and service to the journal to ensure a timely and comprehensive review of each and every submission to keep the highest quality of the journal. I would also like to thank all our authors who choose TNNLS as the home to submit their best research results to share the new science and knowledge in neural networks and related learning systems with the community. Last but not the least, I would also like to thank the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society leadership for the tremendous support and guidance to the journal to ensure its continuous growth and success! With all these, I deeply appreciate and acknowledge everyone for all the hard work and support for our community!
The Other Social Gospelers: The Working-Class Religious Left, 1877–1920

This chapter distinguishes between the minister-led Social Gospel movement of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries and the “religious left,” a decentralized, diverse, anticapitalist Christian movement that emerged at the same time. The religious left is analyzed through three phases: a vibrant period of non-denominational, producerist Christianities; an era of rivalry, and temporary truce, between denominational churches and the labor movement; and an era of distancing between the Protestant religious establishment and the labor movement. Through these three consecutive phases, the religious left competed with and even temporarily allied with the minister-led Social Gospel movement. The religious left outlasted both the Great War and the Red Scare, albeit in less visible form.
Peak effect due to competing vortex ground states in superconductors with large inclusions

Superconductors can support large dissipation-free electrical currents only if vortex lines are effectively immobilized by material defects. Macroscopic critical currents depend on elemental interactions of vortices with individual pinning centers. Pinning mechanisms are nontrivial for large-size defects such as self-assembled nanoparticles. We investigate the problem of a vortex system interacting with an isolated defect using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations. In particular, we study the instability-limited depinning process and extract the dependence of the pin-breaking force on inclusion size and anisotropy for an isolated vortex line. In the case of a vortex lattice interacting with a large isolated defect, we find a series of first-order phase transitions at well-defined magnetic fields, when the number of vortex lines occupying the inclusion changes. The pin-breaking force has sharp local minima at those fields. As a consequence, in the case of isolated identical large-size defects, the field dependence of the critical current is composed of a series of peaks located in between the occupation-number transition points.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials by Inert-Gas Condensation Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the synthesis of nanostructured materials by inert-gas condensation (IGC) methods. Nanostructured materials are single-phase or multiphase polycrystalline solids with a typical average grain size of a few nanometers, typically less than 100 nm. Such materials exhibit properties that are substantially different from and are often superior to those of conventional coarse-grained materials, due to their unique microstructure. Because the grain sizes are so small, a significant volume fraction of the atoms resides in grain boundaries. IGC is a simple method involving evaporation of material from a source in a flowing gas, followed by condensation into nanoparticles in the cooler parts of the system. Synthesis of nanostructured materials by IGC yields ultrafine-grained materials with narrow grain size distributions, clean grain boundaries, and excellent resistance to grain growth owing to the high degree of physical and chemical control over various parameters, which results in narrow particle/grain size distribution. The chapter focuses on the critical dependence of the size of the nanomaterial on the different process parameters.
Infrastructure for Complex Clinical Decision Support: Rule Engines

Rule-based software systems are a useful technology for addressing problems calling for a high degree of agility in terms of being able to respond to frequently changing external circumstances. They are an offshoot of 1960s “expert system” research – at one time, they were popular for implementing software that performed diagnoses, whether of human disease or automobile problems.
6 – The Effect of Icing Events on the Death and Regeneration of North American Trees

Although ice events also occur in the boreal forest and west of the prairies, little is written about the effect of freezing precipitation on forests in North America. The term “freezing precipitation” refers to both freezing rain with drop diameters of about 1 mm, and freezing drizzle with drop diameters of about 0.1 mm. The primary objective of this chapter is to introduce a biomechanical interpretation of branch breakage as a function of ice thickness, wind speed, and branch length. The chapter covers recent studies of ice events that adopt a more analytical approach to freezing precipitation events and forest damage. While research interests and methods vary widely, studies have centered on species-specific responses and have often been presented as an ordinal scale comparison of species' susceptibility to damage. This more recent literature leaves the impression that everything from accumulated ice thickness, wind velocity, topography, tree size (bole diameter and major branch diameter and length), and species' intrinsic resistance to injury exemplifies attributes such as branching architecture and wood density, and has led to little agreement on species-specific or size-specific susceptibility. The chapter concludes that a process-oriented approach could not merely provide useful data sets but unambiguously specify what should be measured in future investigations.
Building Response Capacity: The Need for Universally Available Language Services

In this chapter, we discuss how the size and composition of the foreign-born Latino population and its dispersion throughout the United States create difficulties in the navigation of complex mental health and health care systems, yielding unfortunate consequences for individuals, their families, and communities. Given the challenges posed by the increasing number of people needing linguistically accessible services and the lack of a bilingual workforce, we use the idea of “building response capacity” as the central theme for this chapter. We argue that such a capacity must be multifaceted and grounded on demographic trends, sound social policy, and the institutional, cultural, and social context of health care delivery.
157) Humans with Inducible Symptoms of Low Back Pain Show Intervertebral Disc Changes in the Lumbar Spine during Prolonged Standing

LBP symptoms can be induced in back-healthy individuals in prolonged standing and are relieved upon exiting standing [1]. These individuals who develop LBP (pain developers -PDs) are 3 times more likely to develop a clinical episode of LBP within two years than their non-pain developer (NPD) counterparts [2]. Yet the specific anatomical changes that provoke these LBP symptoms remain unknown. We hypothesized that PDs have distinct adaptations in each intervertebral disc (IVD) level compared to NPDs. We investigated the changes in spinal alignment (Cobb angle) and local IVD structure over time in PDs. Forty human subjects (age 18-30, BMI
By its Fruits: The Spiritual Senses in Bonaventure’s ‘Tree of Life’

Following recent interdisciplinary interest in the ‘spiritual senses’ and ‘spiritual sensation,’ this essay examines the Tree of Life, Bonaventure’s meditations on the life of Christ, through the i...
Inferior Corneal Haze and Inflammatory Endotheliopathy Related to Pars Planitis.

To describe the finding of inferior corneal haze secondary to presumed inflammatory endothelio-10 pathy in a series of patients with pars planitis. Single-center retrospective observational consecu...
Multiscale 3D X-ray imaging

A technique known as ptychographic X-ray laminography can image integrated circuits over large volumes and with a resolution of around 10 nm.
How Fractures Are Described: By the Relationship of One Fracture Fragment to Another

One of the key radiologic descriptors of fracture fragments involves appropriately describing the relationship between one fracture fragment to another. The fracture relationship is described by the relationship of the distal fracture fragment to the proximal fracture fragment. The four main descriptors for the relationship of the fracture fragments are displacement, shortening, angulation, and rotation. The questions in this chapter will guide the reader to understanding the appropriate use of verbiage for describing the relationship of fracture fragments to one another.
A colorectal cancer screening initiative to assist the healthcare for the homeless program within the Harris Health Safety-net Health Care System.

65Background: The homeless population presents unique challenges for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) screening and follow-up, due to difficulty completing at home procedures such as stool-based screening a...
Asymmetric Killing: Risk Avoidance, Just War, and the Warrior Ethos: by Neil Renic, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 256 pp., $85 (hardback), $ 80.75 (ebook), ISBN: 978-0-1988-5146-2

Neil Renic, in Asymmetric Killing: Risk Avoidance, Just War, and the Warrior Ethos, argues that technological advancements in war epitomized by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also referred to as “...
Inflammation and Circulating Natriuretic Peptide Levels

Background: NPs (natriuretic peptides) are cardiac-derived hormones that promote natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Preclinical evidence suggests that nonhemodynamic triggers for NP release e...
Outpatient Parotidectomy: A Retrospective Series.

Objectives:Recent literature suggests that outpatient head and neck surgery is safe and may decrease costs. This study assesses whether outpatient parotidectomy differs in complication type and rat...
Evaluation of NR4A3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparison with DOG1 IHC for FNA diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma.

Background Acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) is diagnostically challenging on fine-needle aspiration because it can mimic several other neoplasms or even normal acinar tissue. Immunopositivity for DOG1, especially circumferential membranous staining, can support the diagnosis of AcCC but is not entirely specific, and it is prone to technical and interpretive challenges on small specimens. NR4A3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3) translocation and nuclear NR4A3 overexpression were recently described in the majority of AcCCs. Here, the authors evaluate the performance of NR4A3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and NR4A3 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on cell block preparations and compare them with DOG1 IHC in distinguishing AcCC from other entities in the differential diagnosis. Methods The authors identified 34 cytology cell blocks with lesional cells, including 11 specimens of AcCC (2 of which derived from 1 patient and showed high-grade transformation) as well as 2 secretory carcinomas, 7 salivary duct carcinomas, 4 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 3 oncocytomas, 3 renal cell carcinomas, and 6 specimens containing nonneoplastic salivary gland tissue. NR4A3 IHC, DOG1 IHC, and NR4A3 FISH were attempted for all cases. Results NR4A3 IHC had 81.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity for AcCC, whereas NR4A3 FISH had 36.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity, although 4 cases (3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 1 salivary gland tissue sample) could not be analyzed because of low cellularity. Notably, no normal acinar tissue specimens showed NR4A3 positivity by IHC or FISH. In addition, DOG1 IHC had 72.7% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Conclusions NR4A3 IHC is highly specific for the diagnosis of AcCC and is more sensitive than DOG1 IHC and NR4A3 FISH. In addition, NR4A3 IHC performance is not improved by the inclusion of DOG1 IHC. Finally, NR4A3 positivity resolves the perennial problem of distinguishing AcCC from normal acinar tissue.
P38 Regulates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure and Neuronal Firing via Kv4.2 Phosphorylation

The subthreshold, transient A-type K+ current is a vital regulator of the excitability of neurons throughout the brain. In mammalian hippocampal pyramidal neurons, this current is carried primarily by ion channels comprising Kv4.2 α-subunits. These channels occupy the somatodendritic domains of these principle excitatory neurons and thus regulate membrane voltage relevant to the input-output efficacy of these cells. Owing to their robust control of membrane excitability and ubiquitous expression in the hippocampus, their dysfunction can alter network stability in a manner that manifests in recurrent seizures. Indeed, growing evidence implicates these channels in intractable epilepsies of the temporal lobe, which underscores the importance of determining the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation and contribution to pathologies. Here, we describe the role of p38 kinase phosphorylation of a C-terminal motif in Kv4.2 in modulating hippocampal neuronal excitability and behavioral seizure strength. Using a combination of biochemical, single-cell electrophysiology, and in vivo seizure techniques, we show that kainic acid-induced seizure induces p38-mediated phosphorylation of Thr607 in Kv4.2 in a time-dependent manner. The pharmacological and genetic disruption of this process reduces neuronal excitability and dampens seizure intensity, illuminating a cellular cascade that may be targeted for therapeutic intervention to mitigate seizure intensity and progression.
Tramadol and Opioid Prescription Rates in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Before and After the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Opioid Guideline

Objectives. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the impact of the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain (GPOCP) on tra...
The Emerging STEM Paths and Science Identities of Hispanic/Latinx College Students: Examining the Impact of Multiple Undergraduate Research Experiences.

In addition to professional and psychosocial benefits, having the opportunity to spend multiple summers in research at institutions away from home helped to strengthen Hispanic/Latinx students’ com...
Challenges experienced and resources identified by young to midlife couples 1-3 years post-cancer diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore what young to midlife couples viewed as their strengths as a couple and the greatest challenges in their experience with cancer 1-3 years post-diagnosis. METHODS We used qualitative content analysis to extract common themes from open-ended questions from 42 cancer survivors and their partners (aged 27-58). Patterns of themes by age and gender of the survivor were also explored. RESULTS Couples described both positive and negative impacts of the cancer experience: (1) strengthened the relationship, bringing couples closer together; (2) brought emotional strain to many areas of life, especially for partners; (3) created positive changes in lifestyle and new priorities for the couple; (4) created strain in the couple's relationship and intimacy; and (5) altered the role of family in supporting the couple. Couples also described four key strengths in dealing with the cancer experience: (1) drawing strength from shared love and mutuality; (2) communicating openly, even about the difficult stuff; (3) working together as a team to support each other; and (4) drawing strength from shared values and goals. Couples reported unmet needs related to the emotional and relational strain of the cancer experience, managing longer term survivor symptoms, fertility and physical intimacy, and lack of support or attention to the partner who often assumed the role of care partner. CONCLUSIONS Themes are discussed in light of current dyadic concepts and importance of couple-based interventions.
GALACTIC DYNAMICS IN THE SIEGEL HALF-PLANE

The dynamics of rotating galaxies is modeled by a Hamiltonian Lax system for which the phase space is a homogeneous G-manifold with the Lie group G equal to either the noncompact real symplectic group Sp(n, R) or a maximal parabolic subgroup GCM(n). The dimensions n = 1, 2, 3 correspond respectively to breathing mode oscillations, planar rotations, and three-dimensional collective motion. The homogeneous GCM(3)-manifolds correspond to the Riemann ellipsoids. The homogeneous G-manifold Sp(n, R)/U(n), where U(n) is the maximal compact subgroup, is a classical complex domain diffeomorphic to the Siegel upper half-plane S n . Equilibrium galactic radii are determined for S 1 systems.
The effect of spatial interdependencies on prioritization and payments for environmental services

Abstract Empirical studies and on-the-ground policies assessing optimal selection of projects in the context of payments for environmental services programs rarely consider spatial proximity of one project to other projects. This occurs despite evidence from theoretical and ecological studies that benefits are often spatially interdependent. This paper develops a flexible construct of “spatial synergy benefits” using the principles of Newtonian gravity similar to efforts in other application areas. This approach is novel to the literature on environmental preservation and, as a systematic method, can account for a wide variety of spatial interdependencies. The empirical setting for the application is farm and forest preservation in Delaware, with a quadratic knapsack algorithm used to select the optimal set of parcels. Application results show that the specific level of the spatial synergy benefit measure does not significantly alter the number of parcels and acreage preserved, but that the composition of the optimal set changes as agglomeration preferences increase. These changes in the optimal targeted set indicate a potential bias in past research on PES selection. Policy makers informed by methods that do not explicitly account for spatial agglomeration preferences often make incorrect investment choices from a cost-effectiveness perspective.
Learning about Ethical Leadership through the Giving Voice to Values Curriculum.

This chapter explores the Giving Voice to Values curriculum, one innovative approach to integrating ethics into leadership development. The chapter describes how Giving Voice to Values is being used in educational settings across the globe.
WE'RE GOING TO DISNEY WORLD: CONSUMER CREDIT AND THE CONSUMPTION OF SOCIAL EXPERIENCE

Consumer credit is an important facet of everyday social life. Public interest in material items, services, and Social experience is facilitated by the instantaneous availability of the various commodities. Social experience is a unique product available through credit cards. Cultural wants and desires are marketed and made accessible to consumers through extended consumer credit lines. Disneyworld, and its Disneyland forerunner, are Prototypical models for escapist entertainment made financially available to average consumers through credit Cards. This paper offers an analysis of consumer credit and how credit cards facilitate tourism and the Consumption of cultural experience. Theoretical analysis of tourism, and the influence of culture, accompanies a discussion of how consumer credit (in the form of credit cards) enhances the marketing of Disneyworld as a renowned cultural experience.
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce Th17 polarization by decreasing responsiveness to interleukin-6 (382.3)

CD4+ effector T cell subsets (e.g., Th1, Th17) are implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. We have demonstrated t...