cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning

The link between the built environment and human behavior has long been of interest to the field of urban planning, but direct assessments of the links between the built environment and physical activity as it influences personal health are still rare in the field. Yet the concepts, theories, and methods used by urban planners provide a foundation for an emerging body of research on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity. Recent research efforts in urban planning have focused on the idea that land use and design policies can be used to increase transit use as well as walking and bicycling. The development of appropriate measures for the built environment and for travel behavior is an essential element of this research. The link between the built environment and travel behavior is then made using theoretical frameworks borrowed from economics, and in particular, the concept of travel as a derived demand. The available evidence lends itself to the argument that a combination of urban design, land use patterns, and transportation systems that promotes walking and bicycling will help create active, healthier, and more livable communities. To provide more conclusive evidence, however, researchers must address the following issues: An alternative to the derived-demand framework must be developed for walking, measures of the built environment must be refined, and more-complete data on walking must be developed. In addition, detailed data on the built environment must be spatially matched to detailed data on travel behavior.
ISCHEMIC INJURY TO NEWBORN RABBIT ILEUM: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTFISE (SOD)

Free oxygen radicals(superoxide anion, O2−) cause tissue damage in reperfusion injury of the intestine. The protective effect of a specific scavenger of O2− SOD, on weanling rabbit ileum during ischemia and reperfusion was evaluated. Twenty-three anesthetized weanling rabbits underwent laparotomy. The ileum was divided into 4 loops, each 8-10cm in length. Ischemia was induced in 2 loops by clamping the artery to the loop for 5mins; undamped loops served as controls. Eleven rabbits were pretreated with parenteral human SOD(5-10mg/kg, SC) at 0 and 16hrs. and surgery begun at 20hrs. Twelve received intraluminal SOD(10mg/kg) in 2 loops, and no SOD in 2 control loops. Animals were sacrificed 4 hrs. post surgery. Loops were fixed in formalin and examined histologically for the degree of mucosal necrosis by a pediatric pathologist who was blind to the conditions of the experiment. All rabbits given SC SOD had detectable serum levels of hSOD at 20 & 24 hrs. (.9-6.Omcg/ml). Reperfused ileal loops are protected from mucosal necrosis by both parenteral and intraluminal SOD. This may be an important etiology and therapeutic modality in NEC.
The ballet automaton: A formal model for human motion

In this paper we present a discrete event model whose marked language, i.e., sequences of movements, make up canonical warm-up routines in classical ballet. Through composition operations that trim physically infeasible transitions and ensure that the rules of classical ballet are adhered to, a richer model is obtained that supports the generation of free-flowing dance sequences in the style of classical ballet. This type of construction not only allows us to produce a rich set of stylized human motions, but it also allows for variations in the “personalities” of these motions through the potential use of different composition specifications.
Autonomous stair-hopping with Scout robots

Search and rescue operations in large disaster sites require quick gathering of relevant information. Both the knowledge of the location of victims and the environmental/structural conditions must be available to safely and efficiently guide rescue personnel. A major hurdle for robots in such scenarios is stairs. A system for autonomous surmounting of stairs is proposed in which a Scout robot jumps from step to step. The robot's height is only about a quarter step in size. Control of the Scout is accomplished using visual servoing. An external observer such as another robot is brought into the control loop to provide the Scout with an estimation of its pose with respect to the stairs. This cooperation is necessary as the Scout must refrain from ill-fated motions that may lead it back down to where it started its ascend. Initial experimental results are presented along with a discussion of the issues involved.
Effect in vitro of anti‐immunoglobulin sera on proliferative responses of lymphoid cells to antigen+

Experiments were designed to determine the effects, if any, of anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) sera on T cell-dependent proliferative responses in vitro. Using rabbit lymphoid cells there was no inhibition of the proliferative response, but instead, an additive effect of anti-Ig and either antigen or phytohemagglutinin added together, suggesting stimulation of two different cell populations. Pretreatment of mouse lymphoid cells with anti-Ig and complement caused a detectable inhibition of the proliferative response, which was probably due to the removal of B cells. Pretreatment with anti-Θ and complement resulted in a much stronger inhibition.
Theoretical Practice: the Bohm-Pines Quartet

Quite rightly, philosophers of physics examine the theories of physics, theories like Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, the Special and General Theories of Relativity, and Statistical Mechanics. Far fewer, however, examine how these theories are put to use; that is to say, little attention is paid to the practices of theoretical physicists. In the early 1950s David Bohm and David Pines published a sequence of four papers, collectively entitled, ‘A Collective Description of Electron Interaction.’ This essay uses that quartet as a case study in theoretical practice. In Part One of the essay, each of the Bohm-Pines papers is summarized, and within each summary an overview is given, framing a more detailed account. In Part Two theoretical practice is broken into six elements: (a) the use of models, (b) the use of theory, (c) modes of description and narrative, (d) the use of approximations, (e) experiment and theory, (f) the varied steps employed in a deduction. The last element is the largest, drawing...
Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications

Underwater wireless communications can enable many scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military applications. Wireless signal transmission is also crucial to remotely control instruments in ocean observatories and to enable coordination of swarms of autonomous underwater vehicles and robots, which will play the role of mobile nodes in future ocean observation networks by virtue of their flexibility and reconfigurability. To make underwater applications viable, efficient communication protocols among underwater devices, which are based on acoustic wireless technology for distances over one hundred meters, must be enabled because of the high attenuation and scattering that affect radio and optical waves, respectively. The unique characteristics of an underwater acoustic channel - such as very limited and distance-dependent bandwidth, high propagation delays, and time-varying multipath and fading - require new, efficient and reliable communication protocols to network multiple devices, either static or mobile, potentially over multiple hops. In this article, we provide an overview of recent medium access control, routing, transport, and cross-layer networking protocols.
The PDF projection theorem and the class-specific method

We present the theoretical foundation for optimal classification using class-specific features and provide examples of its use. A new probability density function (PDF) projection theorem makes it possible to project probability density functions from a low-dimensional feature space back to the raw data space. An M-ary classifier is constructed by estimating the PDFs of class-specific features, then transforming each PDF back to the raw data space where they can be fairly compared. Although statistical sufficiency is not a requirement, the classifier thus constructed becomes equivalent to the optimal Bayes classifier if the features meet sufficiency requirements individually for each class. This classifier is completely modular and avoids the dimensionality curse associated with large complex problems. By recursive application of the projection theorem, it is possible to analyze complex signal processing chains. We apply the method to feature sets, including linear functions of independent random variables, cepstrum, and Mel cepstrum. In addition, we demonstrate how it is possible to automate the feature and model selection process by direct comparison of log-likelihood values on the common raw data domain.
Children With Hyperactivity and Their Organizational Abilities

Abstract Disorganization characterizes children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and appears to contribute to their failure to complete school and homework tasks. However, the empirical data in this area are virtually nonexistent. A practical measure was needed as an initial step in this direction. Thus, an organizational scale was developed and field tested. Specific deficits in the organization of events and objects were found for youth with hyperactivity relative to comparisons. The results are of heuristic value in the assessment and treatment of youth with hyperactivity.
The Role of Candidate Traits in Campaigns

We examine how candidates shape citizens’ impressions of their personal traits during U.S. Senate campaigns. We look at the personality traits emphasized by candidates in their controlled communications and in news coverage of their campaigns. We couple information about campaign messages with a unique survey dataset allowing us to examine voters’ understanding and evaluations of the candidates’ personalities. We find that messages from the news media influence people’s willingness to rate the candidates on trait dimensions. In addition, negative trait messages emanating from challengers and the press shape citizens’ impressions of incumbents. In contrast, voters’ evaluations of challengers are unmoved by campaign messages, irrespective of the source or tone of the communications. Finally, we find citizens rely heavily on traits when evaluating competing candidates in U.S. Senate campaigns, even controlling for voters’ party, ideological, and issue preferences.
Bond Graph Model of a Squirrel Cage Induction Motor With Direct Physical Correspondence

An existing bond graph of a squirrel cage induction motor was modified to make the bond graph physically more representative. The intent was to form a one-to-one correspondence between motor components and bond graph elements. Components explicitly represented include the stator coils, the squirrel cage rotor bars, and the magnetic flux routing section. The final bond graph spans electrical, magnetic, and mechanical energy domains, and contains common motor faults. From this bond graph, state equations were extracted and simulations performed. Simulated were the response of healthy motors, and motors with shorted stator coils and broken rotor bars.
Development of a Monobore, High-Flow, ROV Operable Connector for Gas Lift and other Applications

The Monobore, High-flow, ROV Operable Connector is a male and female connector and seal system designed for use subsea in small bore gas and fluid piping applications. This system’s principle attribute over traditional methods is its ability to be installed in “free fly” fashion, by a typical work class Remotely Operated Vehicle, similar to hydraulic flying leads in production control system applications. Latching of the type of connector is similar to conventional hydraulic junction plate technology. The tooling required for this operation is also similar to the make-up of hydraulic junction plates utilizing an API 17D class 4 torque tool, flying lead orientation device, and any other easily attachable and detachable stability aides or weights.
Additional lichen records and mineralogical data from metal-contaminated sites in Maine

Geochemistry and mineralogy of rocks play important roles in the occurrence of individual lichen species and assembly of lichen communities. Whereas lichens of metal-enriched settings have been a focus of study for many decades, only a few such lichen inventories exist for North America. We reexamined the lichen biota of Pine Hill, a serpentine outcrop on Little Deer Isle, Maine and Callahan Mine, a copper- and zinc-enriched Superfund site in Brooksville, Maine by conducting additional field surveys and reexamining unidentified taxa from previous collections. To better characterize the substrates upon which the lichens were found, we conducted elemental analyses via x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on rock samples collected at Pine Hill and recorded pH, electrical conductivity, and elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on soil samples from Callahan Mine. The re-investigation of lichens of the two metal-enriched sites resulted in the addition of 20 taxa to Pine Hill and 10 taxa to Callahan Mine. These include Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes, Placynthiella hyporhoda, Pyrenocarpon thelostomum, and Vezdaea acicularis, all recorded for the first time from New England. In addition, we report the first documented records since the late 19th to early 20th century for New England of Porocyphus coccodes, Sarcosagium campestre, and Steinia geophana, and the first such record for Maine for Coccocarpia palmicola. Stereocaulon condensatum and S. subcoralloides, both considered as rare in New England, were also collected from Callahan Mine.
Fast thermometry for superconducting RF cavity testing

Fast readout of strategically placed low heat capacity thermometry can provide valuable information of Superconducting RF (SRF) cavity performance. Such a system has proven very effective for the development and testing of new cavity designs. Recently, several resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) were installed in key regions of interest on a new 9 cell 3.9 GHz SRF cavity with integrated HOM design at FNAL. A data acquisition system was developed to read out these sensors with enough time and temperature resolution to measure temperature changes on the cavity due to heat generated from multipacting or quenching within power pulses. The design and performance of the fast thermometry system will be discussed along with results from tests of the 9 cell 3.9 GHz SRF cavity.
Ocean current and wave effects on wind stress drag coefficient over the global ocean

[1] The effects of ocean surface currents and dominant waves on the wind stress drag coefficient (CD) are examined over the global ocean. Major findings are as follows: (1) the combination of both ocean wave and current speeds can result in reductions in daily CD (>10%), but the notable impact of the latter is only evident in the tropical Pacific Ocean; (2) the presence of waves generally makes winds weaker and CD lower almost everywhere over the global ocean; (3) strong ocean currents near the western boundaries (Kuroshio and Gulf Stream) do not substantially influence CD since the winds and currents are not always aligned; and (4) the change in speed used in bulk flux parameterization also causes large changes in fluxes. Globally, the combined outcome of ocean currents and waves is to reduce CD by about (2%), but spatial variations (0% to 14%) do exist. Citation: Kara, A. B., E. J. Metzger, and M. A. Bourassa (2007), Ocean current and wave effects on wind stress drag coefficient over the global ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01604, doi:10.1029/2006GL027849.
Cerebrofacial Venous Anomalies, Sinus Pericranii, Ocular Abnormalities and Developmental Delay

The clinical implications of venous cerebrovascular maldevelopment remain poorly understood. We report on the association of cerebrofacial venous anomalies (including sinus pericranii), ocular abnormalities and mild developmental delay in two children. In addition, one child had a seizure disorder. Complex cerebrofacial slow-flow vascular anomalies may herald an underlying developmental aberration affecting the cerebrofacial and orbital regions
Genome Sequencing and Informatics: New Tools for Biochemical Discoveries

During the past 3 years, we have experienced a major revolution in the biological sciences resulting from a tremendous flux of information generated by genome-sequencing efforts. Our understanding of microorganisms, the metabolic processes they catalyze, the genetic apparatuses encoding cellular
Ultrastructural analysis of the acrosome reaction in a population of single guinea pig sperm.

Cauda epididymal guinea pig spermatozoa are arranged in rouleaux, with the sperm heads stacked one on top of the other; the plasma membranes over the apical segment of the acrosomes of adjacent sperm are linked and form non-fusigenic “junctional” zones. A complex structural and temporal sequence of membrane fusions occurs during the acrosome reaction of guinea pig sperm in rouleaux. In this study, we have devised a procedure for dispersing the rouleaux and isolating a population of single, motile guinea pig sperm, and have investigated the ultrastructural features of the acrosome reaction in single sperm to determine if the pattern of membrane fusions is different from sperm in rouleaux. The rouleaux were dispersed using trypsin, and damaged cells were removed by passing the sperm suspension through a glass bead column; a population of 70–90% motile, acrosome-intact, single sperm was obtained. Sperm were then induced to undergo lysolecithin-mediated, “synchronous” acrosome reactions, and processed for transmission electron microscopy. The acrosome reaction involved a complex sequence of membrane fusions between the plasma membrane (PM) and outer acrosomal membrane (OAM). On the convex surface of the apical segment, sheets of hybrid membrane and parallel arrays of hybrid membrane tubules formed; filaments were associated with the luminal surface of the residual OAM in these regions. Hybrid membrane vesicles were produced on the concave surface of the apical segment, but fusion was delayed relative to the convex surface. In the principal segment, branching arrays of hybrid membrane tubules formed and later vesiculated. Hence, in single guinea pig sperm, the sequence of membrane fusions is similar to sperm in rouleaux except that fusion occurs in regions of the apical segment which form the non-fusigenic PM “junctional” zones in rouleaux. The results suggest that, regardless of whether the acrosome reaction in vivo occurs before or after rouleaux dispersion, it will involve a complex sequence of membrane fusions which is determined by the structural properties of the OAM and PM.
Identification of file infecting viruses through detection of self-reference replication

This paper presents an approach to detecting known and unknown file infecting viruses based on their attempt to replicate. The approach does not require any prior knowledge about previously discovered viruses. Detection is accomplished at runtime by monitoring currently executing processes attempting to replicate. Replication is the fundamental characteristic of a virus and is consistently present in all viruses making this approach applicable to viruses belonging to many classes and executing under several conditions. An implementation prototype of our detection approach called SRRAT is created and tested on the Microsoft Windows operating systems focusing on the tracking of user mode Win32 API system calls and Kernel mode system services.
A Quality-Control Routine for Hourly Wind Observations

Abstract The quality of hourly wind speed and direction observations from 41 northeastern U.S. first-order weather stations is evaluated with regard to the recognition of individual observations that are either obviously in error or of suspect quality. An automated quality-control routine is developed to screen these individual hourly wind reports obtained from the National Climatic Data Center TD-3280 dataset. Using this routine, observations are assessed based on their internal consistency (i.e., 1-min average winds must not exceed the daily peak gust), temporal variability, and spatial consistency. The evaluation of over 12.5 million hourly observations indicated that the quality of these hourly data is quite good. Fewer than 0.1% of the values, occurring on 2.1% of the days, fail the quality-control checks.
Pheromonal Control of the Bovine Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle of several species of rodents is influenced by priming pheromones from both males and females (Bronson, 1979; Vandenbergh, 1973; 1980). A chemical cue contained in the urine of male housemice accelerates the onset of puberty in juvenile females (Vandenbergh, et al., 1976) and influences the rythmicity of the ovarian cycle of the adult female (Whitten, 1956). In rats, synchronization of estrus occurs as a result of airborne chemical cues produced by other females (McClintock, 1978; 1981).
Tissue Engineering Applications in Endocrinology

Successful engineering of a new endocrine pancreas to treat diabetes mellitus represents a major challenge in endocrinology. One strategy is to isolate or generate insulin-secreting cells in vitro and transplant them in sufficient numbers to normalize glucose tolerance in a diabetic host [31]. Transplantation of embryonic organ primordia to replace the function of diseased organs followed by growth and differentiation in vivo (organogenesis) offers theoretical advantages relative to transplantation of either pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, or of fully differentiated (adult) organs (whole pancreas or islets) [15].
Educating African American Women Through Job Clubs

This chapter focuses on the use of job clubs as an informal learning method of career education for African American women.
Design of 3-DOF Testbed for Micro-Satellite Autonomous Operations

This paper discusses the design and analysis of a 3 -DOF testbed for hardware-in-the-loop analysis of the attitude motio n of micro-satellites. The testbed attitude control system (ACS) consists of four sing le gimbaled control momentum gyros (SGCMG) in a pyramid configuration. The first half of the paper discusses the hardware selection and configuration, while the sec ond half of the paper discusses the selection of control laws and steering logics to be implemented on the testbed. Through Matlab/Simulink simulations, the chosen control law/steering logic are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of future work and studies to be performed on the micro-satellite test bed.
Sentences, Names and Semantic Values

Par analogie avec l'argument de P. Sullivan denoncant la reduction fregeenne des phrases aux termes signuliers, l'A. demontre l'incoherence de ce qu'il appelle le fregeanisme tiede, selon lequel chaque phrase designe un objet semantique, mais n'est pas elle-meme un terme singulier. Si Frege assigne a l'objet la signification d'une phrase, il est donc coherent de confondre les categories de nom et de phrase
Comparison of r-Adaptation Techniques for 2-D CFD Applications

This paper examines the effectiveness of several 2-D r-adaptation schemes in reducing discretization error in numerical solutions. The adaptation schemes used include an adaptive Poisson grid generator, a variational grid generator, a center of mass based scheme, and a scheme based on deforming maps. These schemes are applied to Mach 1.2 flow around a 12◦ downward turn and Mach 0.2 flow over a Karman-Trefftz airfoil. Discretization error is computed using known exact solutions for each case. Discretization error reductions of up to six times are achieved on adapted grids relative to the discretization error present on a uniform grid of the same size.
Dual mTORC1/2 Inhibition as a Novel Strategy for the Resensitization and Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

There is considerable interest in the clinical development of inhibitors of mTOR complexes mTORC1 and 2. Because mTORC1 and its downstream mRNA translation effectors may protect against genotoxic DNA damage, we investigated the inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC1/2 in the ability to reverse platinum resistance in tissue culture and in animal tumor models of serous ovarian cancer. Cell survival, tumor growth, PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway signaling, DNA damage and repair response (DDR) gene expression, and translational control were all investigated. We show that platinum-resistant OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells are resensitized to low levels of carboplatin in culture by mTOR inhibition, demonstrating reduced survival after treatment with either mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus or mTORC1/2 inhibitor PP242. Platinum resistance is shown to be associated with activating phosphorylation of AKT and CHK1, inactivating phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, the negative regulator of eIF4E, which promotes increased cap-dependent mRNA translation and increased levels of CHK1 and BRCA1 proteins. Animals with platinum-resistant OVCAR-3 tumors treated with carboplatin plus mTORC1/2 inhibition had significantly longer median survival and strikingly reduced metastasis compared with animals treated with carboplatin plus everolimus, which inhibits only mTORC1. Reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and increased survival by mTORC1/2 inhibition with carboplatin treatment was associated with reduced AKT-activating phosphorylation and increased 4E-BP1 hypophosphorylation (activation). We conclude that mTORC1/2 inhibition is superior to mTORC1 inhibition in reversing platinum resistance in tumors and strongly impairs AKT activation, DNA repair responses, and translation, promoting improved survival in the background of platinum resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1557-67. ©2016 AACR.
Regulation of the rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

It is apparent that pituitary gonadotropin release changes quantitatively during various endocrine states, such as those found during ovarian cyclicity, lactation, aging, and ovariectomy. In the present work, we have used a radioligand prepared from a nondegradable, superagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to determine the number and binding affinity of GnRH receptors during these endocrine states. While receptor affinity was unaltered (range 1.6-2.7 x 1O10 M-1), marked differences were observed in the receptor number throughout the estrous cycle [maximal in late diestrus II and proestrus immediately preceding the luteinizing hormone (LH) spike]. Lactating animals and old animals also had diminished concentrations (number per milligram of protein) of GnRH receptors as compared with young precycling females. Ovariectomy increased the number of receptors, and injections of estradiol benzoate to ovariectomized animals reversed this increase within 3 hr. Throughout the study, elevated receptor numbers were generally associated with elevated LH levels, although this alone did not appear to be sufficient for increased LH secretion. The present results suggest that regulation of the GnRH receptor may be one mechanism through which gonadotrope sensitivity is regulated.
Using a Team Approach to Address Avoidable Emergency Department Utilization and Re-hospitalizations as Symptoms of Complexity Through Quality Improvement Methodology

Patients with comorbid medical needs and challenging psychosocial concerns often experience barriers navigating the healthcare system, and may utilize the ED inappropriately or be re-hospitalized within 30 days of discharge. Two concurrent QI projects began by using EMR data to create registries of (a) patients with high ED utilization and (b) patients in need of post-hospitalization follow-up. Both population-based and person-centered interventions, created in partnership with patients, were implemented to better manage the complex nature of the healthcare issues and to stimulate team learning. The interventions included embedding a patient-centered Urgent Plan of Care template into the RN triage system to identify patient concerns beyond symptoms, and creating a new team-based model of hospital follow-up to help discharged patients transition to home, identifying and addressing complex healthcare and social needs. These resulted in significant reductions in ED utilization, increased patient activation and team cohesiveness, and a better understanding of the complexity of the discharged patients’ needs.
Microsome-Based Assay for Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Transport in Mammalian Cells

Publisher Summary The trafficking of proteins along the first stage of the secretory pathway is mediated by small vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently fuse with the cis-Golgi compartment. To follow vesicle formation, a differential centrifugation procedure is employed to separate the more rapidly sedimenting ER and Golgi membranes from the slowly sedimenting vesicles. Consumption is analyzed using a two-stage assay in which vesicles isolated by differential centrifugation during stage 1 are subsequently added to stage 2 (fusion) reactions containing acceptor Golgi membranes. Use a pipette to transfer the cells to 50-ml plastic tubes and then repeat the scraping procedure to ensure that all the cells are collected. Centrifuge at 720xg for 3 min and remove the supernatant by aspiration. Resuspend each cell pellet in 0.9 ml of homogenization buffer supplemented with PIC and homogenize by three complete passes through a 1-ml ball-bearing homogenizer. Remove the supernatants by aspiration, wash the pellets with 2 ml of transport buffer, and combine the membranes into two 1.5-ml microfuge tubes.
Bio-TDS: bioscience query tool discovery system

Bioinformatics and computational biology play a critical role in bioscience and biomedical research. As researchers design their experimental projects, one major challenge is to find the most relevant bioinformatics toolkits that will lead to new knowledge discovery from their data. The Bio-TDS (Bioscience Query Tool Discovery Systems, http://biotds.org/) has been developed to assist researchers in retrieving the most applicable analytic tools by allowing them to formulate their questions as free text. The Bio-TDS is a flexible retrieval system that affords users from multiple bioscience domains (e.g. genomic, proteomic, bio-imaging) the ability to query over 12 000 analytic tool descriptions integrated from well-established, community repositories. One of the primary components of the Bio-TDS is the ontology and natural language processing workflow for annotation, curation, query processing, and evaluation. The Bio-TDS's scientific impact was evaluated using sample questions posed by researchers retrieved from Biostars, a site focusing on BIOLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS: The Bio-TDS was compared to five similar bioscience analytic tool retrieval systems with the Bio-TDS outperforming the others in terms of relevance and completeness. The Bio-TDS offers researchers the capacity to associate their bioscience question with the most relevant computational toolsets required for the data analysis in their knowledge discovery process.
Sequential Detection for a Target in Compound-Gaussian Clutter

Sequential detection allows the analysis of an incoming data flow and the detection of changes in the distribution of these measurements. In this paper, we develop the sequential detection algorithm for a target under compound-Gaussian clutter. Both the target and clutter parameters are assumed unknown. We first derive estimates for these parameters, then discuss the sequential detection algorithm for two cases: target parameter is known and unknown. We consider detections for both the target appearance and disappearance. We examine the relationship between several performance measurements for the sequential detector, including the false-alarm rate and the average detection delay. In the numerical example part, we first illustrate the performance of our algorithms. Then we present an example of the optimal polarimetry design in the sequential detection.
Monitoring bacterial indicators of water quality in a tidally influenced delta: A Sisyphean pursuit.

Abstract The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (Delta) is the confluence of two major watersheds draining the Western Sierra Nevada mountains into the Central Valley of California, ultimately terminating into San Francisco Bay. We sampled 88 sites once a month for two years (2006–2008) over 87 separate sampling events for a total of 1740 samples. Water samples were analyzed for fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci and fecal coliforms), and 53 other physiochemical, land use, and environmental characteristics. The purpose of the study was to create a baseline of microbial water quality in the Delta and to identify various factors (climatic, land use, tidal, etc.) that were associated with elevated concentrations of indicator bacteria. Fecal indicator bacteria generally had weak to modest relationships to environmental conditions; the strength and direction of which varied for each microbial indicator, drainage region, and across seasons. Measured and unmeasured, site-specific effects accounted for large portions of variance in model predictions (ρ = 0.086 to 0.255), indicating that spatial autocorrelation was a major component of water quality outcomes. The effects of tidal cycling and lack of connectivity between waterways and surrounding landscapes likely contributed to the lack of association between local land uses and microbial outcomes, though weak associations may also be indicative of mismatched spatiotemporal scales. The complex nature of this system necessitates continued monitoring and regular updates to statistical models designed to predict microbial water quality.
Layered activation of epicardial scar in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: possible substrate for confined epicardial circuits.

Background— Ventricular tachycardia ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is more successful when including epicardial ablation. Scarring may cause independent, layered epicardial activation and promote epicardially confined ventricular tachycardia circuits. We aimed to characterize transmural right ventricular activation in ARVD patients and to compare this with reference patients without structural heart disease. Methods and Results— Eighteen ARVD patients underwent detailed endocardial and epicardial sinus rhythm electroanatomic mapping. Bipolar activation was annotated at the sharpest intrinsic deflection including late potentials and compared with 6 patients with normal hearts. Total scar area was larger on the epicardium (97±78 cm2) than the endocardium (57±44 cm2; P =0.04), with significantly more isolated potentials. Total epicardial activation time was longer than endocardial (172±54 versus 99±27 ms; P <0.01), and both were longer than in reference patients. Earliest endocardial site was the right ventricular anteroseptum in 17 of 18 ARVD patients versus 5 of 6 controls ( P =0.446), and latest endocardial site was in the outflow tract in 13 of 18 ARVD patients versus 4 of 6 controls and tricuspid annulus in 5 of 18 ARVD patients versus 2 of 6 controls ( P =1.00). In reference patients, epicardial activation directly opposite endocardial sites occurred in 5.2±1.9 ms, suggesting direct transmural activation. In contrast, ARVD patients had major activation delay to the epicardium with laminar central scar activation from the scar border, not by direct transmural spread from the endocardium. Conclusions— Transmural right ventricular activation is modified by ARVD scarring with a delayed epicardial activation sequence suggestive of independent rather than direct transmural activation. This may predispose ventricular tachycardia circuits contained entirely within the epicardium in ARVD and explains observations on the need for direct epicardial ablation to eliminate ventricular tachycardia.
Aromatase inhibitors, arthralgias, and exercise in breast cancer survivors.

TPS669 Background: A substantial number of breast cancer survivors who are taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs) complain of side effects including arthralgias. Given the efficacy of AIs, it is essenti...
Abstract 151: Patient Decision Support in Implanted Defibrillator Care: A Human Rights-Based Assessment Model

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is a mainstream component of cardiovascular disease care in the US. This is particularly true in light of support for SDM from the IOM, the ACA, the FDA 1-3...
Bargaining for Women’s Rights: Activism in an Aspiring Muslim Democracy: Kang, Alice J. 2015. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 256 pp., $27.00 (paperback). ISBN: 978-0816692187

Alice Kang’s slender volume—165 pages excluding the appendix and notes—engages debates on women’s rights policymaking in “Muslim” majority societies by focusing on one case study: that of Niger. Wh...
Irreconcilable Regulations: Why the Sun Has Set on the Cuban Adjustment Act in Florida

VI. HISTORICAL JUSTIFICATIONS AND MODERN APPLICATIONS OF THE CAA 1032 A. Historical Justification of the CAA 1032 1. Cold War Objectives 1032 2. Reducing Red Tape 1033 B. Modern Applications of the CAA 1033 1. The National Security Loophole 1033 2. Decline of Political Refugees 1035 3. Immediacy of Immigrant Integration 1036 4. Current State of U.S.-Cuban Relations 1036
Blinatumomab-induced lineage switch of B-ALL with t(4:11)(q21;q23) KMT2A/AFF1 into an aggressive AML: pre- and post-switch phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular analysis

Blinatumomab-induced lineage switch of B-ALL with t(4:11)(q21;q23) KMT2A/AFF1 into an aggressive AML: pre- and post-switch phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular analysis
Does lymph node status influence adjuvant therapy decision-making in women 70 years of age or older with clinically node negative hormone receptor positive breast cancer?

Abstract Background Women ≥70 years old with clinically (c) lymph node (LN) negative (−), hormone receptor (HR) positive (+) breast cancer are recommended not to be routinely staged with a sentinel LN biopsy. We sought to determine how this affects adjuvant decision-making. Methods Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association of LN evaluation with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in cLN-, HR + breast cancer patients in the National Cancer Database. Results Between 2004 and 2013, there were 193,728 patients aged 70–90 with cLN-, HR + breast cancer; 15.0% were LN+. LN + patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy (28.3% vs. 5.5%, p Conclusion 15% of patients aged 70–90 will be LN+. These patients more frequently receive systemic and radiation therapy. LN status may affect treatment in these patients.
Family history of zoster and risk of developing herpes zoster

Abstract Background Studies have investigated a possible association between family history of HZ and the occurrence of HZ. However, the results were inconclusive and susceptible to bias. We evaluated this association in an elderly population. Methods The matched case-control study conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California in 2012-2015 included 656 incident HZ patients ≥60 whose skin lesion tested positive for varicella zoster virus by polymerase chain reaction. Half of the HZ patients were vaccinated with zoster vaccine as achieved by stratified sampling. The controls were randomly selected and 1:1 matched to the cases on sex, age (±1year), and zoster vaccination (±3 months of the case's vaccination date). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Having any blood relative with a history of HZ was associated with a slightly increased risk of HZ (adjusted OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.79). The adjusted OR associated with having one and two categories of first-degree blood relatives with a history of HZ was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.97–1.73) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.17–5.44), respectively. Conclusions Our results suggested a weak association between the development of HZ and a positive family history of HZ among the elderly population.
Symptomatic unilateral vocal fold paralysis following cardiothoracic surgery.

Abstract Purpose Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is a complication associated with cardiothoracic procedures that presents clinically as dysphonia and/or dysphagia with or without aspiration. The literature lacks both data on recovery of mobility and consensus on best management. Herein, our goals are to 1) Identify cardiothoracic procedures associated with symptomatic UVFP at our institution; 2) Review timing and nature of laryngology diagnosis and management; 3) Report spontaneous recovery rate of vocal fold mobility. Materials and methods Retrospective case series at single tertiary referral center between 2002 and 2015. 141 patients were included who underwent laryngology interventions (micronized acellular dermis injection laryngoplasty and/or type 1 thyroplasty) to treat symptomatic UVFP diagnosed subsequent to cardiothoracic surgery. Results Pulmonary procedures were most often associated with UVFP (n = 50/141; 35.5%). 87.2% had left-sided paralysis (n = 123/141). Median time to diagnosis was 42 days ( x ¯ = 114 ± 348). Over time, UVFP was diagnosed progressively earlier after cardiothoracic surgery. 63.4% of patients (n = 95/141) underwent injection laryngoplasty as their initial intervention with median time from diagnosis to injection of 11 days ( x ¯ = 29.6 ± 54). 41.1% (n = 58/141) ultimately underwent type 1 thyroplasty at a median of 232.5 days ( x ¯ = 367 ± 510.2) after cardiothoracic surgery. 10.2% (n = 9/88) of those with adequate follow-up recovered full vocal fold mobility. Conclusions Many cardiothoracic procedures are associated with symptomatic UVFP, predominantly left-sided. Our data showed poor recovery of vocal fold mobility relative to other studies. Early diagnosis and potential surgical medialization is important in the care of these patients.
A Survey of Communication Sciences and Disorders Undergraduate Students' Research Experience and Interest in A Master's Thesis and PhD Degree

Despite the shortage of PhDs in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD), limited research has focused on undergraduate student research in the field and interest in completing a master's thesis or PhD. CSD undergraduate students were surveyed to determine if they are participating in known opportunities for research and if undergraduate research experience is related to interest in pursuing a master's thesis or PhD. Invitations to complete the electronic survey were dispersed to undergraduate program directors of approximately 200 Council for Academic Accreditation–accredited CSD programs. Program directors were asked to send the survey to eligible undergraduate students, from which 309 chose to participate, and 275 completed the survey in full. Results indicated that although most students were aware of research opportunities, only 25% of respondents engaged in research. Approximately half of the respondents were interested in pursuing a master's thesis and over 1/3 in a PhD. The odds of having an int...
Qatar's Hidden Women: Symbolic Annihilation and Documentary Media Practice

This article explores how documentary film practice and visual storytelling can be used to help portray Qatari women's narratives, even though many are prohibited by cultural norms from appearing i...
Roles of Oxidative Stress in the Aging Process of Drosophila melanogaster

The oxidative stress hypothesis of aging predicts that progression of the aging process could be retarded and the life spans of animals could be extended by decreases in oxidant production, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, or augmentation of repair capabilities. Some of the results from studies of Drosophila support this idea, but much of the existing evidence seems to be at odds with the most straightforward predictions of the hypothesis. In fact, the most conservative interpretation of the existing studies is that the predictions of the hypothesis need to be revised, in recognition of the physiological roles of oxidant production, the limited access of antioxidants to some sites of oxidant production, and the influence of confounding factors, such as altered rates of metabolism, in studies of life spans in poikilotherms, including Drosophila. Indeed, effects on life span alone do not provide a sufficient basis to infer the efficacy of any experimental treatment on mechanisms of aging in the poikilotherm. Consideration of such issues suggests that despite its wide appeal, further lines of investigation are necessary to verify or falsify the oxidative stress hypothesis.
Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Pulmonary Function in Normal Healthy Humans and Subjects with Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis

ABSTRACT Employing the University of Maryland human environmental chamber, 10 normal, healthy adults and 20 subjects with asthma and chronic bronchitis were exposed to 0.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 2 hours. The subjects acted as their own controls and exercised for 15 minutes on a bicycle ergometer at a light-to-moderate work load of 60–100 watts depending upon the subject's tolerance level. Seven of the 13 subjects with asthma experienced mild symptoms with the exposure, while symptoms were noted only by one of the 10 normal, healthy volunteers and one of the 7 subjects with chronic bronchitis. No significant changes in pulmonary function were observed in the subjects with asthma or those with chronic bronchitis. However, when these subjects were analyzed as a combined group, a significant decrease in quasistatic compliance was observed. For the normal, healthy subjects, decreased quasistatic compliance and increased Phase IV “Closing Volume” only were significant. These limited changes in pulmonary function did not correlate with symptoms and are believed to be relatively insignificant. It appears that a slightly longer exposure period (4–6 hours) at this concentration could result in a significant change in pulmonary function with possible correlation of symptoms.