cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of hepatic gene expression and serum cytokine profiles in single and double-hit burn and sepsis animal models.

We simulate the pathophysiology of severe burn trauma and burn-induced sepsis, using rat models of experimental burn injury and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) either individually (singe-hit model) or in combination (double-hit model). The experimental burn injury simulates a systemic but sterile pro-inflammatory response, while the CLP simulates the effect of polymicrobial sepsis. Given the liver׳s central role in mediating the host immune response and onset of hypermetabolism after burn injury, elucidating the alterations in hepatic gene expression in response to injury can lead to a better understanding of the regulation of the inflammatory response, whereas circulating cytokine protein expression, reflects key systemic inflammatory mediators. In this article, we present both the hepatic gene expression and circulating cytokine/chemokine protein expression data for the above-mentioned experimental model to gain insights into the temporal dynamics of the inflammatory and hypermetabolic response following burn and septic injury. This data article supports results discussed in research articles (Yang et al., 2012 [1,4]; Mattick et al. 2012, 2013 [2,3]; Nguyen et al., 2014 [5]; Orman et al., 2011, 2012 [6–8]).
An efficient control strategy for dosage regimens

In medical drug therapy, efficient dosage strategies are needed to maintain target drug concentrations. The relationship between the concentration of a drug and the dosages is often described by compartment models in which the parameters are unknown, although prior knowledge may be available and can be updated after blood samples are taken during the therapy. Currently MAP (maximum a posteriori) Bayesian is the most often used control strategy in this setting. We show by simulation in a one-compartment context that the performance of the MAP Bayesian strategy depends on the assumptions in prior distribution of the parameters as well as the cost function. We propose an alternative control strategy, VU, that outperforms and is more robust than the MAP Bayesian strategy in a variety of problem settings.
Whistler studies of the plasmasphere shape and dynamics

Abstract Whistler studies of the plasmapause/plasmasphere are traced from their beginnings during the IGY through the early 1960's, when extensive data from Antarctica became available. Highlights of this period include discovery of the ‘knee’ in the equatorial electron density profile, initial comparisons with results from the Lunik probes, identification of magnetic storm effects, and discovery of the duskside bulge, or region of larger plasmasphere radius, as well as smaller-scale ( Δφ ≈ 20°) variations in radius with longitude. In the mid-1960's, whistlers provided the first evidence of cross-L plasma drift patterns in the outer plasmasphere. From a present day perspective, the plasmasphere is seen as a region penetrated, perhaps most efficiently in the dusk sector, by the unsteady component of high latitude electric fields. In the pre-dawn sector, post substorm outward drifts may be an aftereffect of the shielding of the plasmasphere against the steadier components of the substorm electric fields. The available indirect whistler evidence of plasmasphere erosion during large disturbances suggests that erosion occurs primarily in the dusk-premidnight sector.
Cricetine-Like Rodents from the Sespe Eocene of California

The Sespe deposits of southern California have yielded several cricetine-like rodent specimens. Rodent types other than those related to Paramys and its allies are rarely found in the Eocene of the North American continent. Hence, these specimens are not only of interest from the standpoint of adding new types to the Eocene fauna, but also in that they may eventually aid in the solution of the difficult and complex problem of rodent differentiation.
Consequences of using the 1972 Stanford-Binet intelligence scale norms

Comparison of Stanford-Binet IQ scores obtained with the 1972 and 1960 norms of 228 children indicated that use of the 1972 norms resulted in substantially lower scores except at the lowest levels of functioning. The hypothesis that the 1972 norms reflected accelerated performance at the preschool level and that intelligence scores based on these norms and obtained by evaluating a child during the preschool years might not be an accurate reflection of functioning at a later age was also supported. For a subsample of children whose functioning over time remained constant or increased, use of the 1960 norms during initial evaluation resulted in a more accurate reflection of subsequent scores than did use of the 1972 norms. The implications of these results were discussed in relation to the necessity of using both sets of norms with preschoolers and to reevaluating the decision to retain the old MAs in deriving the 1972 intelligence scores.
The distribution of land in rural China

The article contains data on landholdings from a nationwide sample survey of 10,258 rural households in China in 1988. Analysis of the data reveals that the distribution of land in physical units is relatively equal by international standards and that the distribution of land value is exceptionally equal. Moreover, the distribution of landed wealth compensates for inequalities in the distribution of other rural assets and as a consequence the distribution of total wealth is remarkably equal. However, land is not an important determinant of income. The landless are not necessarily poor nor are the large landholders necessarily rich.
Teaching the Truth about Lies to Psychology Students: The Speed Lying Task.

To teach the importance of deception in everyday social life, an in-class activity called the Speed Lying Task was given in an introductory social psychology class. In class, two major research findings were replicated: Individuals detected deception at levels no better than expected by chance and lie detection confidence was unrelated to lie detection accuracy. Using a pretest–posttest design, the activity led to significant increases in deception knowledge, and the activity was seen as helpful, engaging, and interesting to the students. This study supports using students as both research subjects and research consumers in the classroom to teach classical concepts in social psychology.
Numerical model for radio-frequency ablation of the endocardium and its experimental validation

A theoretical model for the study of the radiofrequency (RF) ablation technique is presented. The model relies on a finite-element time-domain calculation of the temperature distribution in a block of tissue, resulting from the flow of RF ( >
Comparison of Various Urine Collection Intervals for Caffeine and Dextromethorphan Phenotyping in Children

Caffeine and dextromethorphan have been used successfully both alone and in combination to assess phenotype and enzyme activity in children of various ages. Previous pediatric phenotyping studies with these agents have used varying durations of urine collection. However, the minimum duration required for accurate phenotypic assessment with these compounds in children remains unknown. We calculated the cumulative metabolite recoveries and molar ratios in urine collected from children for 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after caffeine and dextromethorphan administration to determine when respective urinary molar ratios stabilize and thus likely accurately reflect enzyme activity. Subjects (n = 24, ages 3-8 years) were given 4 oz of Coca-Cola(R) ( approximately 11.5 mg caffeine) and a single oral dose of dextromethorphan (0.5 mg/kg). Urine was collected at discrete intervals (0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 h) during an 8-hour period, and the cumulative metabolite recoveries and urinary molar ratios were calculated. CYP2D6 genotyping was also performed in 21 of 24 subjects. In CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, the extent of recovery for relevant metabolites was equivalent by 4 hours and represented 45% to 60% of the total amount recovered in the 8-hour period. The 2-hour CYP1A2 ratio was significantly different from those of longer collection intervals. Metabolite ratios for all other enzymes (i.e., NAT-2, XO, and CYP2D6) were independent of the duration of urine collection. These data suggest that a 4-hour urine collection is adequate for the concurrent assessment of hepatic CYP1A2, NAT-2, XO, and CYP2D6 activity in children ages 3 to 8 years who are CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, using standard caffeine and dextromethorphan phenotyping methods. Longer collection periods may be required, however, in younger children or CYP2D6 poor metabolizers.
Seismic multiplet response triggered by melt at Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica

[1] Meltwater input often triggers a seismic response from glaciers and ice sheets. It is difficult, however, to measure melt production on glaciers directly, while subglacial water storage is not directly observable. Therefore, we document temporal changes in seismicity from a dry-based polar glacier (Taylor Glacier, Antarctica) during a melt season using a synthesis of seismic observation and melt modeling. We record icequakes using a dense six-receiver network of three-component geophones and compare this with melt input generated from a calibrated surface energy balance model. In the absence of modeled surface melt, we find that seismicity is well-described by a diurnal signal composed of microseismic events in lake and glacial ice. During melt events, the diurnal signal is suppressed and seismicity is instead characterized by large glacial icequakes. We perform network-based correlation and clustering analyses of seismic record sections and determine that 18% of melt-season icequakes are repetitive (multiplets). The epicentral locations for these multiplets suggest that they are triggered by meltwater produced near a brine seep known as Blood Falls. Our observations of the correspondingp-wave first motions are consistent with volumetric source mechanisms. We suggest that surface melt enables a persistent pathway through this cold ice to an englacial fracture system that is responsible for brine release episodes from the Blood Falls seep. The scalar moments for these events suggest that the volumetric increase at the source region can be explained by melt input.
Does Problem Behavior Just Happen? Does It Matter?

This article questions whether it is useful to think of problem behavior as caused, and whether causal information about problem behavior is a necessary prerequisite to changing it. Psychoanalytic, behavioral, systemic, and solution-focused approaches to the issue are discussed briefly. Taking the perspective that the cause or causes of a particular client’ s problem behavior cannot be known, it is argued that attempts to discover them may be unnecessary, misguided, or even counterproductive. It may not even be necessary to know what the problem behavior is in order to change it.
Use of permitted drugs in Italian professional soccer players

Objectives: To assess the frequency and quantity of usage of permitted drugs by Italian professional soccer players. Methods: A cohort of 1041 professional soccer players from the two Italian major leagues was assembled during the season 2003–4; 743 of the 785 (94.6%) subjects available on the day of the interview answered an epidemiological questionnaire, which included questions on the type and frequency of use of several permitted drugs. Results: 92.6% of players reported having used oral anti-inflammatory products in the previous year, and most of them were current users (86.1%). 36% of the players, mostly current users, reported the use of analgesics. 82.8% of the players reported current use of supplements, and 28% reported using vitamins. Conclusions: The regular use of several permitted drugs is very high among professional soccer players. The description of players’ behaviour is the first step towards regular monitoring of the players’ need for, and use of, vitamins, supplements and other permitted drugs.
Authigenic Euhedral Megaquartz Crystals in a Quaternary Dolomite

ABSTRACT Autochthonous, doubly terminated, euhedral megaquartz crystals, as well as overgrowths on detrital quartz grains, are present throughout a gypsum- and anhydrite-bearing Pleistocene sabkha dolomite accumulation from the Arabian Gulf. The siliceous precipitates, whose source was probably recycled biogenic silica, formed within meters of the sediment surface. These Quaternary precipitates provide the first modern analog for euhedral megaquartz crystals, a relatively common constituent in ancient evaporite-bearing tidal-flat carbonate strata. In the Quaternary dolomites studied, megaquartz is present as individual crystals and clusters of crystals, as well as overgrowths on detrital quartz grains. Individual crystals commonly attain lengths of 1 mm, and many show shallow dolomite mold impressions on their crystal facies and/or partly, or completely, engulf dolomite rhombohedra. The common occurrence of dolomite molds within the quartz crystals indicates that precipitation of the quartz took place either concurrently with, or more likely, after dolomitization of the host carbonates. Additionally, the oft-cited association of authigenic megaquartz and evaporite minerals, plus the existence of void spaces into which the quartz precipitated, imply a causal relationship between dissolution of the evaporites and/or dolomites and precipitation of the megaquartz. Thus, these findings demonstrate that authigenic megaquartz crystals as well as overgrowths on detrital quartz can originate under near-surface temperatures and pressures, and very early in the diagenetic history of evaporite-associated carbonate strata.
CD4+ T-lymphocyte alterations in trauma patients

We read with great interest the article by Heffernan and colleagues reporting an association between persistent lymphopaenia and increasing mortality in trauma patients [1]. We would like to provide some additional data obtained in a similar cohort of patients. In parallel with a study recently published in Critical Care in which mHLA-DR expression was assessed [2], we evaluated the CD4+ lymphocyte count and the percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in trauma patients. Sixty-five patients were included (mean ± standard deviation): age 41 ± 18 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 45 ± 16, and Injury Severity Score 38 ± 10. Of these patients, 21 developed sepsis (mainly pneumonia - median delay 4 days) and two died of septic shock. Importantly, 3 days after trauma the patients presented with significant CD4+ lymphocyte alterations: a significantly decreased CD4+ T-cell count and an increased regulatory T-cell percentage (versus control values, P <0.0001; Table ​Table1).1). Interestingly, we observed a trend toward lower CD4+ T-cell values in patients presenting with secondary infections versus non-infected individuals (343 cells/μl vs. 454 cells/μl, respectively). Table 1 Trauma patients' immunological characteristics Our results reinforce the observations made by Heffernan and colleagues [1]. We confirm here that trauma patients exhibit CD4+ T-cell loss with a relative increase in regulatory T-cell values - both parameters associated with unfavourable outcomes after septic shock [3]. Collectively, these data suggest that, in addition to monocyte anergy [2], lymphocyte alterations should be taken into account in the monitoring of trauma patients. Lymphocyte subset counts and phenotyping deserve to be investigated in large cohorts of trauma patients to minutely delineate association with specific clinical outcomes.
Submodularity and adaptation

Summary form only given. Convexity is a property of real-valued functions that enable their efficient optimization. Convex optimization moreover is a problem onto which an amazing variety of practical problems can be cast. Having strong analogs to convexity, submodularity is a property of functions on discrete sets that allows their optimization to be done in only polynomial time. Submodularity generalizes the common notion of diminishing returns. Like convexity, a large variety of discrete optimization problems can be cast in terms of submodular optimization. The first part of this talk will survey recent work taking place in our lab on the application of submodularity to machine learning, which includes discriminative structure learning and word clustering for language models. The second part of the talk will discuss recent work on a technique that for many years has been widely successful in speech recognition, namely adaptation. We will view adaptation in a setting where the training and testing time distributions are not assumed identical (unlike typical Bayes risk theory). We will derive generalization error and sample complexity bounds for adaptation which are specified in terms of a natural divergence between the train/test distributions. These bounds, moreover, lead to practical and effective adaptation strategies for both generative models (e.g., GMMs, HMMs) and discriminative models (e.g., MLPs, SVMs). Joint work with Mukund Narasimhan and Xiao Li.
Fabrication of nanoindented electrodes for glucose detection.

Background: The objective of this article was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a novel type of glucose biosensors based on the use of atomic force microscopy to create nanoindented electrodes (NIDEs) for the selective detection of glucose. Methods: Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation techniques were extended to covalently immobilized glucose oxidase on NIDEs via composite hydrogel membranes composed of interpenetrating networks of inherently conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) tetramethacrylate grown within ultraviolet cross-linked hydroxyethylmethacrylatebased hydrogels to produce an in vitro amperometric NIDE biosensor for the long-term monitoring of glucose. Results: The calibration curve for glucose was linear from 0.25 to 20 mM. Results showed that the NIDE glucose biosensor has a much higher detection sensitivity of 0.32 μA/mM and rapid response times (<5 seconds). There was no interference from the competing interferent (fructose) present; the only interference was from species that react with H2O2 (ascorbic acid). The linear equation was Bresponse (μA) = 0.323 [glucose] (mM) + 0.634 (μA); n = 24, r 2 = 0.994. Conclusion:
Spatial gradient measurement through length scale estimation for the tracking of a gaseous source

Material release, deliberate or accidental, into the atmosphere can pose a significant hazard. Knowledge of the location of the source can be used to contain the damage by stopping the threat from additional material release. However, in order to minimize the effects of the material already released, an accurate estimate of the released plume must be available. This work uses such a model based approach to predict the state of the contaminant within a spatial domain. A mobile agent provides sensor measurements in order to efficiently reconstruct the process state. Sensor guidance is based on Lyapunov methods which drives the sensor to areas of higher state estimation error. As part of this guidance, the spatial gradient of the estimation error is used, which must be computed from sensor measurements. In flows with turbulence and eddies, care must be taken when determining the local gradient though the appropriate length scale. This will minimize the effects of the stochastic components of the flow on the measurements. With a model based estimate of the plume, the appropriate length scale can be predicted from sensor measurements. This work investigates the use of a measured spatial gradient based on an estimated length scale at the sensor location and compares the results with ideal spatial gradient data.
Indirect Evidence and the Poverty of the Stimulus: The Case of Anaphoric One

It is widely held that children's linguistic input underdetermines the correct grammar, and that language learning must therefore be guided by innate linguistic constraints. Here, we show that a Bayesian model can learn a standard poverty-of-stimulus example, anaphoric one, from realistic input by relying on indirect evidence, without a linguistic constraint assumed to be necessary. Our demonstration does, however, assume other linguistic knowledge; thus, we reduce the problem of learning anaphoric one to that of learning this other knowledge. We discuss whether this other knowledge may itself be acquired without linguistic constraints.
Applications of single tapered glass capillaries : submicrometer x-ray imaging and Laue diffraction

A submicrometer-diameter x-ray beam from a tapered glass capillary is used to image micrometer-wide metal stripes on a lithography sample consisting of a 1000-A-thick gold pattern on a silicon wafer substrate. An image of the gold pattern with submicrometer resolution is easily observed by measuring the transmission of x-rays through the sample as it is scanned in two dimensions. The size of the x-ray beam leaving the tip of the capillary was determined to be 0.10±0.01 μm by fitting a function to data obtained from transmission and fluorescence measurements as the edge of a gold stripe was scanned across the end of the capillary. Using the same capillary, Laue diffraction was observed from a 500-μm-thick silicon wafer in a 10-s exposure corresponding to an illuminated volume of 3.9 μm 3 . The x-ray intensity (flux/area) of the beam leaving the pipette was shown to be 960 times higher than the intensity entering the pipette, at 6 keV. As the ability to fabricate tapered capillaries improves, many new experiments with submicrometer x-ray beams including Laue diffraction from significantly smaller volumes should be possible.
Comparison of tissue heating between manual and hands-free ultrasound techniques

The objective of this single-factor repeated-measures design was to examine the effectiveness of tissue heating with a hands-free ultrasound (US) technique compared to a hand-held US transducer using the Rich-Mar AutoSound unit. US is a therapeutic modality often used to provide deep tissue heating. Recently, a "hands-free" US unit was introduced by Rich-Mar Incorporated. This unit allows the clinician to choose the mode of US delivery, using either a handheld (manual) transducer or a hands-free device that pulses the US beam through the transducer. However, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has deemed delivery of US via a hands-free unit to be investigational. Forty volunteers over 18 years of age participated. Treatment was provided at a 3-MHz US frequency. Muscle temperature was measured with 26-gauge, 4-cm Physiotemp thermistors placed in the triceps surae muscle. The depth of thermistor placement was at 1 - and 2-cm deep. One calf was treated with a manual transducer (5-cm(2) US head at three times the effective radiating area [ERA]), and one calf was treated with the hands-free transducer (14-cm(2) [ERA]). Both methods used a 1.5 W/cm(2) intensity for 10 minutes. The manual technique used an overlapping circular method at 4 cm/sec, and the hands-free method used a sequential pulsing at 4 cm/sec. Tissue temperatures were recorded at baseline and every 30 seconds. The hands-free technique resulted in a tissue temperature increase from 33.68 to 38.7 degrees C and an increase from 33.45 to 40.1 degrees C using the manual technique at 1-cm depth. The tissue temperature increase at the 2-cm depth was from 34.95 to 35.44 degrees C for the hands-free device and 34.44 to 38.42 degrees C for the manual device. Thus, there was a significant difference between the hands-free and the manual mode of US delivery for the 3-MHz frequency (5.02 degrees C vs. 6.65 degrees C at 1 cm and 1.49 degrees C vs. 3.98 degrees C at 2 cm). In this study, the "hands-free" device did not result in the same level of tissue heating as the manual technique. The hands-free device has the advantage of not needing a clinician present to deliver the modality but a therapeutic level of heating was not achieved at the 2-cm tissue depth. Thus, the efficacy of the "hands-free" treatment is in question.
Peripheral Neuropathy: A True Risk Factor for Falls

BACKGROUND Several studies have recently linked peripheral nerve dysfunction in the elderly with postural instability and falls. Many causes of peripheral neuropathy (PN) have the potential for associated comorbidities, which could themselves be the true cause of these falls. This study tested the hypothesis that PN is not a cause of falls but just a marker for a comorbidity (e.g., central nervous system dysfunction) that is the true cause of falls in this elderly population. METHODS Twenty subjects with an electromyographically documented axonal peripheral neuropathy affecting the lower extremities were identified (PN group) and matched by age and sex with 20 subjects with normal lower extremity electrodiagnostic studies (C group). A focused history and physical examination designed to identify factors other than PN which might cause falls was performed, and a history of falls or postural instability over the previous year was obtained. RESULTS PN was found to be significantly associated with the self-report of falls (11/20, 55% vs 2/20, 10%; odds ratio 17.0, 95% CI = 2.5, > 100) and postural instability (7/9, 77% vs 0/0, 0%; odds ratio 13.0, 95% CI = 1.5, > 100) over the previous year. There was no significant difference between the two groups in total number of other risk factors known to be associated with falls, (23 PN group vs 18 C group). The PN group did take a significantly greater number of medications known to be associated with falls (10 PN group vs 1 C group, p < .01), but the usage pattern among fallers and nonfallers within the PN group suggests that medications were not the primary cause of the falls. The PN subjects who fell demonstrated significantly worse vibratory sense at the ankle and finger (p < .05), and significantly decreased unipedal stance time (3.1 sec vs 9.1 sec, p < .05) than the PN subjects who did not fall. CONCLUSIONS No associated factors or comorbidities explained the high rate of falls in elderly persons with PN, suggesting that PN is a true risk factor for falls in the elderly. Relatively greater impairment in vibratory sense and ability to maintain unipedal stance may identify those within the PN group who are at a higher risk for falls.
Genomic Regions Associated with Dermal Hyperpigmentation, Polydactyly and Other Morphological Traits in the Silkie Chicken

The Silkie chicken has been a model of melanoctye precursor and neural crest cell migration and proliferation in the developing embryo due to its extensive hyperpigmentation of dermal and connective tissues. Although previous studies have focused on the distribution and structure of the Silkie's pigment or the general mechanisms by which this phenotype presents itself, the causal genetic variants have not been identified. Classical breeding experiments have determined this trait to be controlled by 2 interacting genes, the sex-linked inhibitor of dermal melanin (Id) and autosomal fibromelanosis (Fm) genes. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-trait association analysis was used to detect genomic regions showing significant association with these pigmentation genes in 2 chicken mapping populations designed to segregate independently for Id and Fm. The SNP showing the highest association with Id was located at 72.3 Mb on chromosome Z and 10.3-13.1 Mb on chromosome 20 showed the highest association with Fm. Prior to this study, the linkage group to which Fm belonged was unknown. Although the primary focus of this study was to identify loci contributing to dermal pigmentation in the Silkie chicken, loci associated with various other morphological traits segregating in these populations were also detected. A single SNP in a highly conserved cis-regulatory region of Sonic Hedgehog was significantly associated with polydactyly (Po). Genomic regions in association with silkie feathering or hookless (h), feathered legs (Pti), vulture hock (V), rose comb (R), and duplex comb (D) were also identified.
Localized Coupling between Surface and Bottom-Intensified Flow over Topography

Substantial bottom topography in a basin with planetary vorticity gradients strongly affects the vertical structure of the linear topographic and planetary Rossby waves that spin up the ocean circulation. There is no barotropic mode with large amplitude topography and stratification. It is shown that the lowest frequency two-layer quasigeostrophic waves that exist with stratification, planetary vorticity gradients, and large-amplitude bottom topography are more strongly concentrated in the vertical than Burger number 1 scaling would indicate (for most orientations of the wavevector) except where the bottom slope is nearly meridional. This concentration increases with decreasing frequency. Ray tracing in an ocean basin suggests that the two layers are linearly coupled in regions with parallel or antiparallel topographic and planetary vorticity gradients, but elsewhere small amplitude motion in the two layers is largely independent. Continuity within isopycnal layers implies that most of the circulation remains within isopycnal layers, even in the regions of linear coupling. The strength of surface(bottom)-intensified flow driven by coupling to bottom(surface)-intensified flow is approximately twice as strong as the surface(bottom) projection of the bottom(surface)-intensified flow. Primitive equation simulations concur with the quasigeostrophic results and indicate that the localized linear coupling between surface- and bottom-intensified flow pertains to a continuous stratification.
Load Independence of Early Diastolic Filling Parameters in the Anesthetized Canine Model

To evaluate radionuclide diastolic filling indices during acute pharmacologic changes in ventricular loading, 11 atrially paced dogs underwent simultaneous micromanometer left atrial and left ventricular pressure measurements. During phenylephrine infusion, systolic blood pressure increased from 110 +/- 16 (s.d.) to 147 +/- 19 mmHg (p < 0.01), causing the atrioventricular gradient to increase from 5 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 5 mmHg (p < 0.03) with no change in the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (Tau). Absolute peak filling rate increased from 40 +/- 21 to 59 +/- 44 kcts/sec (p < 0.05), but there was no change in first-half filling fraction. During dobutamine infusion, Tau shortened from 43 +/- 13 msec to 33 +/- 5 msec (p < 0.01) and first-half filling fraction increased from 39% +/- 19% to 56% +/- 18% (p < 0.05), with no change in atrioventricular gradient or absolute peak filling rate. Absolute changes from baseline for the first-half filling fraction were inversely proportional to absolute changes in Tau (r = -0.76, p < 0.05). We conclude that the left ventricular absolute peak filling rate is a load dependent index of diastolic function. In contrast, the radionuclide first-half filling fraction is independent of loading conditions, but is sensitive to substantial alterations in the rate of left ventricular isovolumic myocardial relaxation.
Rod-shape porous carbon derived from aniline modified lignin for symmetric supercapacitors

Abstract Rod-shape porous carbon was prepared from aniline modified lignin via KOH activation and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The specific surface area, pore size and shape could be modulated by the carbonization temperature, which significantly affected the electrochemical performance. Unique rod-shape carbon with massive pores and a high BET surface area of 2265 m2 g−1 were obtained at 700 °C in contrast to irregular morphology created at other carbonization temperatures. In 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte, a specific capacitance of 336 F g−1, small resistance of 0.9 Ω and stable charge/discharge at current density of 1 A g−1 after 1, 000 cycles were achieved using rod-shape porous carbon as electrodes in an electrical double layer capacitor.
When Reporting Others Backfires

I want to focus on one area of linguistic theory for a moment that slurs’ consideration forces us to rethink, and that is the semantics and pragmatics of indirect reports. Reporting slurring utterances of others is risky business. Ordinarily, when a speaker reports another’s utterance indirectly the report is of that utterance and the reported material is attributed to the original speaker. However, in the case of slurring utterances this is not always so. Oftentimes, the offense of slurs occurring in indirect reports manages to get attributed to the reporter rather than the reportee.
Heliogyro Attitude Control Moment Authority via Blade Pitch Maneuvers

Heliogyros generate attitude control moments by pitching their sail membrane blades collectively or cyclically, similar to a helicopter. Past work has focused on simple blade pitch profiles with the heliogyro normal to the sun; however, most solar sail missions will require sun angles of at least 35°. Furthermore, combination pitch profiles (e.g. cyclic plus collective) are needed for attitude control during all mission segments. The control moments for such situations vary in an unintuitive, nonlinear fashion. This paper explores heliogyro control moment authority with varying sun angle and combinations of pitch profiles, providing critical insight for future development of heliogyro attitude control schemes. Three strategies for generating control moments using various profile combinations are investigated for three-axis attitude control. These strategies indicate that the heliogyro can generate control moments while edge-on to the sun, allowing for recovery from any orientation. A control algorithm is presented that determines the required blade pitch profile combination to generate the desired attitude control torques. This algorithm could be employed for closed-loop control in attitude dynamics simulations.
Actinomycosis resembling liver tumor with multiple metastasis

A 56-year-old woman, without any underlying diseases, was admitted due to progressive general weakness and poor appetite for 2 months followed by fever for 3 days. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a sigmoid colon tumor with liver and lymph node metastasis, bilateral obstructive hydronephrosis, and liver tumor rupture (Figure 1A, B). The patient underwent a laparoscopic partial hepatectomy and excisional biopsy of the pelvic tumor. Results from the frozen pathological analyses disclosed sulfur
In game we trust? Coplay and generalized trust in and beyond a Chinese MMOG world

ABSTRACTAlthough an emerging literature has demonstrated social and civic potentials of massively multiplayer online games, few studies have assessed their implications for generalized trust. Drawing on a large sample of Chevaliers’ Romance III (CR3) players, this research examines how gamers’ motivational, behavioral, and relational factors are related to generalized trust in China. Adopting a coplaying-centered approach, results show that generalized trust is enabled and constrained by teammate preference, coplay patterns, and motivations. Competence preference in teammates, having more weak-tie confidants as coplayers, and competition motivation are positively, while homophily preference in teammates, having more strong-tie confidants as coplayers, and socializing motivation are negatively associated with generalized trust. This research highlights the importance of contextualizing gaming implications in specific social and institutional contexts.
Theoretical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Peptides

Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) has become a very promising technique for the study of proteins at interfaces, and it has been applied to important systems such as anti-microbial peptides, ion channel proteins, and human islet amyloid polypeptide. Moreover, so-called “chiral” SFG techniques, which rely on polarization combinations that generate strong signals primarily for chiral molecules, have proven to be particularly discriminatory of protein secondary structure. In this work, we present a theoretical strategy for calculating protein amide I SFG spectra by combining line-shape theory with molecular dynamics simulations. We then apply this method to three model peptides, demonstrating the existence of a significant chiral SFG signal for peptides with chiral centers, and providing a framework for interpreting the results on the basis of the dependence of the SFG signal on the peptide orientation. We also examine the importance of dynamical and coupling effects. Finally, we suggest a simple me...
The Molecular Etiology of Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (PEO) Associated with Mitochondrial Myopathy (IN7-1.006)

Objective: To elucidate the molecular etiology of Progressive External Ophathalmoplegia (PEO) associated with mitochondrial myopathy and to determine the prevalence of different gene defects. Background PEO with mitochondrial myopathy can be caused by autosomal dominant mutations in POLG1, ANT1, and TWINKLE. Two autosomal recessive POLG1 mutations can also result in autosomal recessive PEO (arPEO). Recently, mutations in POLG2 and RRM2B have also been reported to be associated with PEO. These genes are involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication (POLG1&2, TWINKLE) and the maintenance of deoxynucleotide pools for mtDNA synthesis (ANT1, RRM2B). Thus, defects in thees genes generally result in the loss of mtDNA integrity. Design/Methods: The coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of POLG1, ANT1, and TWINKLE were sequenced in 187 patients (> 10 yr) suspected of PEO. RRM2B gene was sequence analyzed in 25 patients negative for mutations in the above three genes. Southern blot and/or PCR were used to detect mtDNA deletions in muscle specimens of 5 patients who carried 2 POLG1 mutations. Results: In this cohort, 21 patients (11.2%) had a definite molecular diagnosis of PEO and mitochondrial myopathy. These include 12 patients with arPEO casused by 2 mutant alleles in POLG1 and 9 patients with adPEO caused by a heterozygous mutation in POLG1 (1), ANT1 (1), or TWINKLE (7). In addition, 5 patients were heterozygous for a POLG1 mutation usually found in compound heterozygosity with another mutation. No mutation was detected in the RRM2B gene. In all the 5 patients with muscle specimen available for analysis, multiple mtDNA deletions were detected (100%). Conclusions: Our data suggest that POLG1 (ar) and TWINKLE (ad) represent the most frequent molecular defects in PEO patients associated with mitochondrial myopathy. Multiple mtDNA deletion in the muscle is a cardinal feature for these patients, indicating that compromised mtDNA integrity plays an important role in the etiology of PEO. Disclosure: Dr. Tang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Milone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose.
Clinical and necropsy findings in hemoglobin C disease.

A patient with homozygous hemoglobin C disease was observed during a five month period of time. Estimates of the rates of red cell synthesis were made prior to and during the administration of compound E. The post mortem findings and results of paper electrophoresis of myoglobin are presented.
High-throughput autofluorescence flow cytometry of breast cancer metabolism (Conference Presentation)

Tumor heterogeneity poses challenges for devising optimal treatment regimens for cancer patients. In particular, subpopulations of cells can escape treatment and cause relapse. There is a need for methods to characterize tumor heterogeneity of treatment response. Cell metabolism is altered in cancer (Warburg effect), and cells use the autofluorescent cofactor NADH in numerous metabolic reactions. Previous studies have shown that microscopy measurements of NADH autofluorescence are sensitive to treatment response in breast cancer, and these techniques typically assess hundreds of cells per group. An alternative approach is flow cytometry, which measures fluorescence on a single-cell level and is attractive for characterizing tumor heterogeneity because it achieves high-throughput analysis and cell sorting in millions of cells per group. Current applications for flow cytometry rely on staining with fluorophores. This study characterizes flow cytometry measurements of NADH autofluorescence in breast cancer cells. Preliminary results indicate flow cytometry of NADH is sensitive to cyanide perturbation, which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, in nonmalignant MCF10A cells. Additionally, flow cytometry is sensitive to higher NADH intensity for HER2-positive SKBr3 cells compared with triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. These results agree with previous microscopy studies. Finally, a mixture of SKBr3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were sorted into each cell type using NADH intensity. Sorted cells were cultured, and microscopy validation showed the expected morphology for each cell type. Ultimately, flow cytometry could be applied to characterize tumor heterogeneity based on treatment response and sort cell subpopulations based on metabolic profile. These achievements could enable individualized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
Policy Dilemma of Primary and Secondary School Physical Education in the United States

Based on literature review and quantitative research,this paper analyzes the policy dilemma of primary and secondary school physical education in the United States,namely,the lack of unification and binding for school physical education policies under the federalism,the marginalized status of school physical education in education policies,the weak supervision systems of school physical education policy implementation,the lack of enough resource guarantee for the practices of school physical education policies,and the lack of practice bases for assistant policies of school physical education development.
HiSPoD: a program for high-speed polychromatic X-ray diffraction experiments and data analysis on polycrystalline samples

A high-speed X-ray diffraction technique was recently developed at the 32-ID-B beamline of the Advanced Photon Source for studying highly dynamic, yet non-repeatable and irreversible, materials processes. In experiments, the microstructure evolution in a single material event is probed by recording a series of diffraction patterns with extremely short exposure time and high frame rate. Owing to the limited flux in a short pulse and the polychromatic nature of the incident X-rays, analysis of the diffraction data is challenging. Here, HiSPoD, a stand-alone Matlab-based software for analyzing the polychromatic X-ray diffraction data from polycrystalline samples, is described. With HiSPoD, researchers are able to perform diffraction peak indexing, extraction of one-dimensional intensity profiles by integrating a two-dimensional diffraction pattern, and, more importantly, quantitative numerical simulations to obtain precise sample structure information.
Three dimensional graphene transistor for ultra-sensitive pH sensing directly in biological media.

In this work, pH sensing directly in biological media using three dimensional liquid gated graphene transistors is presented. The sensor is made of suspended network of graphene coated all around with thin layer of hafnium oxide (HfO2), showing high sensitivity and sensing beyond the Debye-screening limit. The performance of the pH sensor is validated by measuring the pH of isotonic buffered, Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) solution, and of blood serum derived from Sprague-Dawley rat. The pH sensor shows high sensitivity of 71 ± 7 mV/pH even in high ionic strength media with molarities as high as 289 ± 1 mM. High sensitivity of this device is owing to suspension of three dimensional graphene in electrolyte which provides all around liquid gating of graphene, leading to higher electrostatic coupling efficiency of electrolyte to the channel and higher gating control of transistor channel by ions in the electrolyte. Coating graphene with hafnium oxide film (HfO2) provides binding sites for hydrogen ions, which results in higher sensitivity and sensing beyond the Debye-screening limit. The 3D graphene transistor offers the possibility of real-time pH measurement in biological media without the need for desaltation or sample preparation.
The Fatal Race: The Rise of the Bureaucratic Bourgeoisie

Voicing a populist, frequently socialist rhetoric,1 at independence nationalist political leaders assumed state power in new nations still defined by colonial capitalist laws and institutions. A fatal race ensued: would the leaders transform the institutions to favor the poor and disinherited? Or would the institutions transform the leadership (cf. Nzongola-Ntalaja, 1987)?
Virtual microscopy improves sharing of deceased donor kidneys.

Abstract Background Donor kidney biopsies used for offer evaluation may lengthen cold ischemia time. Our organ procurement organization began processing wedge biopsies and having them read using virtual microscopy (VM), as opposed to its prior routine of processing/reading at local hospitals. We hypothesized that VM would decrease time to biopsy results and kidney acceptance. Methods All donor kidneys biopsied over 1 year were compared with those biopsied during the previous year ( n = 43, 40). Results Time to biopsy result was shortened using VM (5:04 vs 6:30, P = .04), and especially for those cases with cross-clamp between 5 pm and 5 am (4:49 vs 8:12, P P P Conclusions Use of VM decreased time to biopsy result, with the most prominent effects seen during the overnight hours, resulting in shortened time to local acceptance of organs.
Broken Bones: The Radiologic Atlas of Fractures and Dislocations

Broken Bones contains 434 individual cases and 1,101 radiologic images illustrating the typical and less typical appearances of fractures and dislocations throughout the body. The first chapter describes fractures and dislocations of the fingers, starting with fractures of the phalangeal tufts and progressing through the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges and the DIP and PIP joints. Subsequent chapters cover the metacarpals, the carpal bones, the radius and ulna, the elbow and upper arm, and the shoulder and thoracic cage. The cervical spine and the thoracic and lumbosacral spine are covered in separate chapters, followed by the pelvis, the femur, the knee and lower leg, the ankle, the tarsal bones, and the metatarsals and toes. The final three chapters cover the face, fractures and dislocations in children, and fractures and dislocations caused by bullets and nonmilitary blasts.
Evaluation of long-term performance of sediment microbial fuel cells and the role of natural resources

Abstract Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are expected to be used as a renewable power source for remote environmental monitoring; therefore, evaluation of their long-term power performance is critical for their usability. In this paper, we present novel data needed to understand the long-term performance of SMFCs. We used 3-D Microemulsion (3DMe)™ doped anodes, which slowly release lactate and its fermented products. During our tests, anode-limited SMFCs with and without 3DMe-doped anodes were operated for more than 18 months with a load simulating a sensor operation. We found that doping an anode with an electron donor reduced startup time and increased maximum power (55 ± 2 μW compared to 46 ± 2 μW) in the control systems. We found that the long-term steady power performance is approximately 33% of the maximum power (∼18 μW). Finally, our small-sized SMFCs generated higher power densities than those in the literature (28 mW/m2 versus 4 mW/m2). Using electron donor doped anodes can be practical when a short startup time and initial high power are needed. However, if long-term power is critical, the addition of an electron donor does not provide a practical advantage. In addition, in long-term operation enrichment of the anode surface with electrochemically active bacteria does not provide any advantage.