cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“To Make Something of Myself”: Interactional Histories in the Context of Remedial Institutional Practices and Immigration Policies

This chapter explores the journey of Jaime, who self-identified as a skilled bilingual communicator, and his experiences navigating tracking practices and immigration policies. His increasingly tracked high school experiences that relabeled him an “English learner”—and increasingly limited opportunities to engage in meaningful classroom-based literacy events—built toward the turning point of his enrollment in community college. There, he encountered improved literacy instruction and demonstrated development of literacy expertise, but in the context of further academic tracking and less well-defined institutional and immigration-related legal pathways, issues that contributed to his decision to leave community college. An overview of Jaime’s language and literacy experiences during this study is provided, followed by LIHA analyses of literacy events demonstrating these trends before and after his turning point.
Prevalence of past-year mental disorders and its correlates among Chinese international students in US higher education.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of past-year mental disorders and its correlates among Chinese international students in US higher education. Participants: A total of 222 Chin...
Resilience on the Ground: The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Ethnography of Santa Sylvia

The geological and environmental context of Santa Sylvia and the area of Pucon-Villarrica is presented in this chapter. I then discuss the excavations carried out by the late Americo Gordon, which focused on the Spanish elements. I then present my excavations and results, beginning with a magnetic resistivity survey in 2006 and intensive excavations in 2009–2010 that revealed two pre-Hispanic occupations and one post-Hispanic occupation. The site chronology and cultural materials are briefly presented and related to investigations carried out elsewhere in the Araucania. Included is a brief discussion of fort constructions in the Spanish era, and the possibility of identifying Santa Sylvia in the historical literature.
WINNER PLAYS COMPETITION MODELS

Suppose there are n players in an ongoing competition, with player i having value vi, and suppose that a game between i and j is won by i with probability vi/(vi + vj). Consider the winner plays competition where in each stage two players play a game, and the winner keeps playing in the next game. We consider two models for choosing its opponent, analyze both models as Markov chains, and determine their stationary probabilities as well as other quantities of interest.
Need for Cognition, Transportability, and Engagement with Interactive Narratives.

Objective: Games for heath can take the form of interactive narratives, or stories in which readers have the option to make decisions about the direction of the plot. Individual differences may affect the extent to which individuals become engaged in such narratives. Materials and Methods: In two studies, we randomly assigned participants to read either a traditional linear narrative or an interactive version of the same narrative. We examined the influence of need for cognition (NFC) and transportability (the extent to which individuals tend to become immersed in narratives) on transportation, character identification, and perceived realism. Results: Transportability led to higher perceptions of realism in the interactive narrative in Study 1, but this effect was not replicated in Study 2. In Study 1, higher NFC led to greater identification in the interactive narrative; in Study 2, higher NFC led to greater transportation into the interactive narrative. Conclusion: Greater willingness to exert mental effort may lead to greater immersion in interactive narratives.
From spikes to intercellular waves: tuning intercellular Ca2+ signaling dynamics modulates organ size control

Information flow within and between cells depends in part on calcium (Ca2+) signaling dynamics. However, the biophysical mechanisms that govern emergent patterns of Ca2+ signaling dynamics at the organ level remain elusive. Recent experimental studies in developing Drosophila wing imaginal discs demonstrate the emergence of four distinct patterns of Ca2+ activity: Ca2+ spikes, intercellular Ca2+ transients, tissue-level Ca2+ waves, and a global "fluttering" state. Here, we used a combination of computational modeling and experimental approaches to identify two different populations of cells within tissues that are connected by gap junctional proteins. We term these two subpopulations "initiator cells" defined by elevated levels of Phospholipase C (PLC) activity and "standby cells," which exhibit baseline activity. We found that the strength of hormonal stimulation and extent of gap junctional communication jointly determine the predominate class of Ca2+ signaling activity. Further, single-cell Ca2+ spikes are stimulated by insulin, while intercellular Ca2+ waves depend on Gαq activity. Our computational model successfully recapitulates how the dynamics of Ca2+ transients varies during organ growth. Phenotypic analysis of perturbations to Gαq and insulin signaling support an integrated model of cytoplasmic Ca2+ as a dynamic reporter of overall tissue growth. Further, we show that perturbations to Ca2+ signaling tune the final size of organs. This work provides a platform to further study how organ size regulation emerges from the crosstalk between biochemical growth signals and heterogeneous cell signaling states.
Breaking The Stack: Understanding Videogame Animation through Tool-Assisted Speedruns:

This article examines the ways videogames become animated by looking at gaming practices that subvert traditional notions of play: specifically tool-assisted speedruns (TAS). A TAS is a playthrough...
The Abrupt Transition to Distance Social Work Teaching: Lessons Learned in the Age of COVID-19

Evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on higher education, specifically on social work education, is gradually emerging. While the empirical literature points to the effectiveness of delivering course content virtually, research on the impact of the abrupt, forced transition from in-person to distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. This quantitative study presents findings from a survey of social work instructors about their experiences during the abrupt transition from in-person to distance teaching in the first few weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings reveal that the sudden transition to distance teaching was perceived as stressful, required technological and emotional support, and workload adaptations from their institutions. The participants also reported that their worklife balance and attitudes toward distance teaching were positively affected by the change. Findings from this study also suggest the need for comprehensive institutional support to improve distance teaching methods, to prepare social work students to face the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to demonstrate that social work instructors see the benefits of online teaching and may be interested in continuing with it in the future.
Element-Specific Magnetic Microscopy with Circularly Polarized X-rays

Circularly polarized soft x-rays have been used with an imaging photoelectron microscope to record images of magnetic domains at a spatial resolution of 1 micrometer. The magnetic contrast, which can be remarkably large, arises from the fact that the x-ray absorption cross section at inner-shell absorption edges of aligned magnetic atoms depends on the relative orientation of the photon spin and the local magnetization direction. The technique is element-specific, and, because of the long mean free paths of the x-rays and secondary electrons, it can record images of buried magnetic layers.
Glycolytic Control Mechanisms III. EFFECTS OF IODOACETAMIDE AND FLUOROACETATE ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE PERFUSED RAT HEART

Abstract Control properties of the glycolytic system in the perfused rat heart have been investigated with the aid of metabolic inhibitors. Iodoacetamide was used to study the deviations from equilibrium of reactions prior to the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase step. Fructose-1,6-di-P and triose phosphate levels in hearts perfused with glucose and insulin increased 3-fold after 15 min of exposure to iodoacetamide, but thereafter accumulated at a 50-fold greater rate. After 30 min, the mass action ratio of the phosphofructokinase reaction increased 350-fold, but remained two orders of magnitude displaced from the calculated equilibrium constant. As glycolytic flux decreased, the ratio of glucose-6-P to fructose-6-P decreased from 4.9 in control hearts to 3.9 in iodoacetamide-poisoned hearts, and the ratio of dihydroxyacetone-P to glyceraldehyde-3-P increased from 5.5 to 8.5, compared with equilibrium constants of 3.3 and 25 for phosphoglucose isomerase and triose-P isomerase. Fluoroacetate, added to rats in vivo or to perfused hearts in vitro, was used to investigate the effect of elevated tissue citrate levels on phosphofructokinase activity. Intraperitoneal injection of fluoroacetate to rats increased cardiac citrate 60-fold to 33 µmoles per g, dry wt, after 30 min. Phosphofructokinase activity was depressed in hearts from fluoroacetate-poisoned rats perfused with glucose and insulin, as evidenced by a rise of hexose monophosphates and a fall of fructose-1,6-di-P. Addition of fluoroacetate (0.2 to 1 mm) to the perfusion medium of hearts from normal rats, however, produced an activation of phosphofructokinase, despite a 17-fold rise of citrate. Creatine phosphate levels fell rapidly in these hearts, and increases of inorganic phosphate, ADP, and AMP overcame the inhibitory effect of citrate at the phosphofructokinase site. The high citrate levels induced by fluoroacetate prevented full activation of glycolysis during anoxia, and heart contractions ceased rapidly. These experiments provide evidence that, although citrate is an effective modulator of phosphofructokinase activity in the intact heart, its inhibitory effect is antagonized by inorganic phosphate. Pyruvate had a beneficial effect on cardiac contractility in the presence of fluoroacetate under aerobic conditions. Changes in the intermediates of the citric acid cycle indicated that this effect was caused by enhanced production of oxalacetate and malate, thereby allowing citrate to accumulate so that it could compete effectively with fluorocitrate at the aconitase site. It is suggested that the species and organ difference noted in the effects of fluoroacetate are due to an interplay between citrate inhibition of phosphofructokinase, which curtails the supply of dicarboxylic acids to the Krebs cycle, and inhibition of the cycle itself by the relative concentrations of citrate and fluorocitrate at the aconitase site.
Higher Education Faculty versus High School Teacher: Does Pedagogical Preparation Make a Difference?.

Higher education faculty are not held to the same standard of pedagogical preparation as primary and secondary teachers. This perspectives essay points out the difference in pedagogical preparations between higher education faculty and high school teachers. The essay highlights research indicating the importance of pedagogical training, offers suggestions on how to improve higher education teaching practices, and lists valuable teaching and assessment resources. Lastly, the essay encourages higher education faculty to seek pedagogical training and expend the necessary effort to become more effective instructors.
Crop models capture the impacts of climate variability on corn yield

We investigate the ability of three different crop models of varying complexity for capturing El Nino–Southern Oscillation-based climate variability impacts on the U.S. Corn Belt (1981–2010). Results indicate that crop models, irrespective of their complexity, are able to capture the impacts of climate variability on yield. Multiple-model ensemble analysis provides best results. There was no significant difference between using on-site and gridded meteorological data sets to drive the models. These results highlight the ability of using simpler crop models and gridded regional data sets for crop-climate assessments.
Prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease: Studies on the reliability of hexosaminidase levels in amniotic fluid☆

Abstract Measurement of hexosaminidase A activity in amniotic fluid was found to be a reliable diagnostic test in the prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease. Including normal control specimens, analysis of 39 amniotic fluid samples have correctly predicted the condition of the fetus or, in pregnancies not yet come to term, have been in agreement with results from cultured cell extracts. In each case where both fluid and cultured cell extracts were analyzed, the results were in agreement. Analyses were performed by means of Cellogel, starch gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or heat inactivation.
Learning Representation and Control in Markov Decision Processes

Learning Representation and Control in Markov Decision Processes describes methods for automatically compressing Markov decision processes (MDPs) by learning a low-dimensional linear approximation defined by an orthogonal set of basis functions. A unique feature of the text is the use of Laplacian operators, whose matrix representations have non-positive off-diagonal elements and zero row sums. The generalized inverses of Laplacian operators, in particular the Drazin inverse, are shown to be useful in the exact and approximate solution of MDPs. The author goes on to describe a broad framework for solving MDPs, generically referred to as representation policy iteration (RPI), where both the basis function representations for approximation of value functions as well as the optimal policy within their linear span are simultaneously learned. Basis functions are constructed by diagonalizing a Laplacian operator or by dilating the reward function or an initial set of bases by powers of the operator. The idea of decomposing an operator by finding its invariant subspaces is shown to be an important principle in constructing low-dimensional representations of MDPs. Theoretical properties of these approaches are discussed, and they are also compared experimentally on a variety of discrete and continuous MDPs. Finally, challenges for further research are briefly outlined. Learning Representation and Control in Markov Decision Processes is a timely exposition of a topic with broad interest within machine learning and beyond.
What Shapes Sexual Life

Clinicians need to be careful about unwarranted certainty concerning sexual life. Sexual characteristics are shaped by the interactions of individual psychology, biology, interpersonal relationship, the sexual equilibrium, and culture.
A High-Power Packaged Four-Element $X$ -Band Phased-Array Transmitter in ${\hbox{0.13-}}\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS for Radar and Communication Systems

This paper presents a four-element X-band phased-array transmitter in 0.13-μm CMOS. The design is based on the all-RF architecture and contains a 5-bit phase shifter (lowest bit is used as a trim bit), 4-bit gain control (to reduce the rms gain error), and power amplifiers capable of delivering a PSAT of 13.5 dBm per channel at 8.5-10.5 GHz. The chip can be used in the linear mode for communication systems and in the saturated mode for frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar systems, and therefore, extensive analysis is done on the phase shifter distortion versus input power. Spectral regrowth and error vector magnitude measurements indicate that the chip can support at least 20-MSym/s quadrature phase-shift keying and binary phase-shift keying modulation at an output power of +5 dBm per channel. Packaging techniques based on chip-on-board and quad flat no-lead (QFN) modules have been implemented with the four-channel chip, and both show a nearest neighbor coupling of -30 dB at 8-10 GHz, limited by bond-wire coupling. The chip dimensions are 2.9×3.0 mm2 and it consumes 870 mW from 2- and 3-V power supplies.
Diffraction Properties Of Holograms Recorded In DMP-128

Unslanted diffraction gratings were recorded in a new phase hologram recording material, DMP-128, under development at Polaroid Corporation. The diffraction efficiency of the resulting gratings was measured as a function of reconstruction angle and compared to results calculated from an "eigenmode" analysis. Good agreement between experiment and theory was observed. Exceptionally large (0.08) changes in the refractive index were produced by moderate (15mj/cm 2 ) exposures of DMP-128, with no evidence of saturation of the index change.
The Myth of the “Fully Qualified” Bright Young Teacher:

The high frequency of beginning teachers’ being young females is traced in a brief review of the history of teacher education. The argument is made that the high turnover of beginning teachers, particularly in schools serving diverse students in poverty, is too costly to the schools and too harmful to the students to be continued. Teacher recruitment practices in the schools and candidate selection into teacher preparing institutions that maintain this situation are identified. The stages of adult development according to three theoretic formulations are presented. The nature of young adulthood in these theories is contrasted with the developmental needs of young adults hired as beginning teachers. The process by which school students shape and control the behavior and practice of young teachers is analyzed. Suggestions for altering the quitter/failure rate of young beginning teachers are offered.
The Path of Power: Impurity, Kingship, and Sacrifice in Assamese Tantra

Infamous throughout both Indian and western literature as a land of black magic, violent ritual, and tribal superstition, the region of Assam in north-east India has long been imagined to be the heartland of the secret and licentious practice of Tantra. Yet, despite their infamous reputation, the Tantric traditions of Assam have seldom been explored in any serious way by modern scholarship but have instead typically been dismissed as a thin veneer of a Brahminical Hinduism over a substratum of indigenous tribal religion. This article suggest a fresh approach to the study of Assamese Tantra by looking at the deep relations among Tantric ritual, political power, and kingship in ancient Assam. Using insights from Michel Foucault and Georges Bataille, this article argues that much of Assamese Tantra centers around the unleashing and harnessing of power (Śakti) in all its forms - social, political, and spiritual alike. Above all, Tantric ritual involves a systematic transgression of the normal laws of purity in order to release the dangerous power that lies bound up with impurity and violence. As such, Tantra was naturally very attractive to many of Assam's kings, enmeshed as they were within the dangerous, often impure world of statecraft, military struggle, and the inevitable violence of political power.
Ecdysone metabolism by soluble enzymes from three species of diptera and its inhibition by the insect growth regulator TH-6040

Abstract Homogenates of larvae, pupae, and adults of house flies ( Musca domestica L.), flesh flies ( Sarcophaga bullata Parker), and blow flies ( Phormia regina (Meigen)) have been examined for enzymes which convert α- and β-ecdysone to apolar products. Most of the activity was found in the soluble fraction from house flies and flesh flies but none of the blow fly fractions was active. Two enzymes seem to be involved in the ecdysone metabolism, one requiring NADPH and the other functioning without this cofactor. The product of the latter enzyme is thought to be the 3-dehydro-ecdysone. This product is further converted to the 3α-hydroxy isomer of ecdysone by the NADPH-requiring enzyme. On feeding the insect growth regulator TH-6040 (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea) to larvae at dietary levels ranging from 0.3 to 10 ppm, the activity of the enzyme producing the 3-dehydro product is reduced by 20 to 82%. It is suggested that the growth regulator exerts its effect on pupal-adult ecdysis through its inhibition of ecdysone metabolism.
Left heart bypass during descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair does not reduce the incidence of paraplegia

Abstract Background The preferred technique for spinal cord protection during surgical repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAAs) remains controversial. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to determine if the use of left heart bypass (LHB) reduced the incidence of paraplegia in patients who underwent DTAA repair. Methods Over a 15-year period 387 consecutive patients underwent surgical repair of DTAAs using either the "clamp-and-sew" technique (341 patients, 88.1%) or distal aortic perfusion via a LHB circuit (46 patients, 11.9%). Data regarding patient characteristics, operative variables, and outcomes were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. The impact of LHB on the frequency of paraplegia was determined using univariate and propensity score analyses. Results There were 17 operative deaths (4.4%) including 11 patients (2.8%) who died within 30 days. Paraplegia occurred in 10 patients (2.6%). On univariate analysis increasing age ( p = 0.03), increasing aortic clamp time ( p p = 0.01), and acute dissection ( p = 0.03) were associated with increased incidence of paraplegia. Patients who received LHB had a similar incidence of paraplegia (2/46, 4%) compared with those treated without LHB (8/341, 2.3%; p = 0.3). Both matching and stratification propensity score analyses confirmed that LHB was not associated with reduced risk of paraplegia. Conclusions On retrospective analysis the use of LHB during DTAA repair did not reduce the incidence of spinal cord injury. The "clamp-and-sew" technique remains an appropriate approach to DTAA repair.
An integrated gene and SSLP BAC map framework of mouse chromosome 11.

Physical maps are important resources both in sequencing and in functional analyses of large genomes. Global contig-building approaches are regarded to be more efficient relative to the cumulative outcome of scattered and more localized physical mapping studies accompanying positional cloning. This work is part of an effort to assemble a complete physical map of mouse chromosome 11 in which selection of clones containing specific genetic markers from genomic libraries is the first step in the process. Using a previously developed strategy, we identified 361 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing 88 gene markers. Since the linkage positions of markers chosen for these studies are known, the BAC framework obtained is anchored to the genetic map and represents about 13% of the length of the entire chromosome. Together with similar assignments of BACs generated previously using D11Mit markers (Cai et al., 1988, Genomics, 54: 387-397), 36-40% of the chromosome 11 is now assembled into contigs, and these contigs correlate through 51 clones carrying both gene and simple sequence length polymorphism markers.
Response of the Perifused Anterior Pituitaries of Rats to Synthetic Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone: A Comparison with Hypothalamic Extract and Demonstration of a Role for Potassium in the Release of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Anterior pituitaries (AP) of adult male rats were perifused in vitro with medium 199 and exposed to hypothalamic extract (HE) or to synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone (SGnRH). These stimuli were infused either as 10 min pulses at hourly intervals or continuously over a 5-h period. The levels of LH and FSH in 10 min collections of effluent were measured by radioimmunoassay. Except for a somewhat slower return to baseline with SGnRH, the AP's pattern of response to pulsatile stimulation by the two agents was similar. The releasing potency of 10 ng of SGnRH was comparable to that of one hypothalamic equivalent (1 HEq). The response to pulses of varying concentrations of HE was linear over a range of 0.06 HEq to 8 HEq/ml. The linear range for SGnRH was from 0.6 to 20 ng/ml. The amounts of LH and FSH released by pulses of 20, 40 and 80 ng/ml SGnRH were comparable, indicating a plateauing of the response. When 2, 4, or 8 HEq/ml were added to the 80 ng/ml pulses of SGnRH, additional increments in the LH a...
Gyromagnetic ratios of excited states in 123, 125Te☆

The results of integral precession measurements are reported for 32+ and 52+ excited states in 123,125Te. The measurements were made using the ion implantation perturbed angular correlation technique by recoiling the excited nuclei into polarized iron. The measured mean lifetimes and g-factors are: 123Te (440 keV, 32+) τ = 39±4 ps, g = 0.34 ± 0.06; (505 keV, 52+) τ = 26±3 ps, g = 0.04±0.025; and 125Te(443 keV, 32+) ρ = 27±3.3 ps, g = 0.39±0.06; (464 keV, 52+) g = 0.12±0.04. The results are compared with theoretical predictions.
Deaths of a discipline

How might one imagine the death of Comparative Literature? Face calm, resembling its own death mask, silent after a long life and natural passing? Thrusting a dagger into its own breast as it falls on a beloved it believes already dead? Will it, having gotten off the boat and gone native, rasp into darkness, "The horror! The horror!"? Do we see a shadow climb stairs, walk the length of a corridor, open a door and enter a room, where it encounters Comparative Literature, who looks briefly into the camera, wide-eyed, exclaiming "You!"-just before the shots? Or do the shots come like four blows on the door of misfortune, ringing out on some foreign beach? If there is something absurd about such scenes (which could be multiplied endlessly), it is because they recall the resolutely disembodied ways in which we ordinarily discuss the lives and deaths of disciplines-their demise attributed to internal methodological exhaustion or to the corrosive effects of broader cultural forces, like television or deans. In what follows I would like to take seriously the "death" of Comparative Literature, not by literalizing it, but by considering how it might be figured. The high theory that defined the generation of Comparative Literature putatively dead or dying today was in many ways a sustained critique of organic metaphors, whether used to describe the unity of works, the history of peoples, or, above all, the origins and operations of languages. The often morbid rhetoric of this theory, a rhetoric of violence and bodily fragmentation, defacement, and disfiguration, of tombs and crypts, is symptomatic of this assault on Nature, the Human, and any expression of their harmonious unity. If that Comparative Literature in some sense called for an end to the anthropocentric pathos of one kind of death, its own passing has churned up ghosts and specters in its wake. That is, the figures of life and death have been not so much abandoned as displaced: mobilized, ironized, perhaps cut and pasted. It is fair to say that Spivak's work rarely, if ever, acquires a gothic pallor. So why "death" of a discipline? The title's provocation is neither a lament nor a call to arms, but the naming of a structure. That is, "death" here signals not Comparative Literature's factual termination, its ceasing to be, but the possibility of the impossibility of being-there that has always-yes, always already-structured its existence. As my formulation indicates, I propose reading this "death" in Heideggerian terms, according to which death is an absolute certainty and yet any experience of it is impossible. For Heidegger, death proper is always one's own death. It therefore
Automated tag reading system for material tracking

An automated product tag reading system based on CCD cameras and computer image processing has been developed by West Virginia University, and demonstrated at the Weirton Steel Corporation. The system was developed to read painted steel identification tags which are fastened to the ends of steel slabs. The prototype was mounted on a slab hauler and tested in a steel mill environment. It demonstrated the ability to survey a wide-angle image of a scene, locate the target tags in the image, pan and zoom on each one in turn, and read the contents of the tag -- both bar code and alphanumeric code. The system could communicate via radio modem to a stationary computer which could be interfaced to the plant's inventory management database. We are aware of no other system which can both point and read a bar code scanner. The pointing function is important, in that it allows operation in bright sunlight or at long distances: two conditions where humans encounter difficulties in aiming. Our system can read 50-mil bar codes at distances of 30 feet without the use of retro reflective targets. This paper provides an overview of the technical approach used, and the results of stem testing.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Autism and ADHD: Overlapping and Discriminating Symptoms.

Abstract Children with ADHD and autism have some similar features, complicating a differential diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to determine the degree to which core ADHD and autistic symptoms overlap in and discriminate between children 2–16 years of age with autism and ADHD. Our study demonstrated that 847 children with autism were easily distinguished from 158 children with ADHD. All children with autism had 15 or more of the 30 Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms (mean 22), and none of the children with ADHD did (mean 4). Three of the symptoms were present only in children with autism. Almost all 30 symptoms were found in over half of the children with autism, whereas none were present in the majority of children with ADHD-Inattentive type (ADHD-I) or in children with ADHD-Combined type (ADHD-C) without comorbid oppositional-defiant disorder. In contrast, ADHD symptoms were common in autism. Children with low and high functioning autism and ADHD-C did not differ on maternal ratings of attention deficit, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. For children with normal intelligence, nonsignificant differences were found between children with autism, ADHD-C, and ADHD-I on neuropsychological tests including measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, and graphomotor skills.
Dynamical calculation of bound-state supermultiplets in N = 8 supergravity

Abstract We have studied the existence of bound states in N = 8 supergravity using S-matrix methods. We find evidence for several supermultiplets.
Resource competition and plant traits: a response to Craine et al. 2005

Summary 1Resource competition theory incorporates the mechanisms that underlie consumer–resource interactions and the trade-offs that constrain these mechanisms. Contrary to assertions by Craine, the concept of R* as the measure of resource reduction and the predictor of resource competition has not changed since it was proposed more than two decades ago. 2Resource reduction, as summarized in R*, is readily observed. Soil concentrations of nitrate and water are decreased by plant uptake, and are lowered to different levels by different species. Tests have shown R* theory to correctly predict competitive outcomes for a variety of organisms and ecosystems. 3Consumer-resource mechanisms are a building block for theories that incorporate other trade-offs faced by plants, such as those between competitive ability and dispersal. 4Numerous plant traits interactively determine R* in a manner predictable from trait-based resource competition theory. The same traits shown by comparative research to be associated with plant dominance in low-nutrient habitats give lower R* values, greater predicted competitive ability and greater predicted abundances in nutrient-limited habitats. 5Plant ecology needs closer links between analytical theory, observations and experiments. Simple verbal theories can generate novel ideas but the logical implications of such scenarios are best explored using the rigorous logic of mathematics. Predictions of theory can then be tested via experiments and comparative studies.
An Index of the Passages in the Biblical Manuscripts From the Judean Desert (Part 2: Isaiah-Chronicles)

The first part of this index appeared in the inaugural issue of this journal, and a discussion of its purpose, limitations, and complexities can be found there.' Briefly, its purpose is to offer a complete list of the passages from the traditional Hebrew Bible that are preserved in the biblical manuscripts from Qumran and the other sites in the Judean Desert. It does not, however, include biblical passages quoted in non-biblical manuscripts. Any reader noting details that are erroneous or in need of refinement is requested to notify the author, in the interests of more precise indexes in future DJD volumes and more reliable information in official lists. Prior to presenting the index for Isaiah-Chronicles, we should list several corrections and refinements for the previously published Part 1 of this index.
Behavioral effects of dopamine receptor inactivation during the adolescent period: age-dependent changes in dorsal striatal D2(High) receptors.

Rationale Dopamine (DA) receptor inactivation produces opposing behavioral effects across ontogeny. For example, inactivating DA receptors in the dorsal striatum attenuates DA agonist-induced behaviors of adult rats, while potentiating the locomotor activity of preweanling rats.
Baseline characteristics of the randomised cohort from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study.

Objective. The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study is a 16-centre randomised clinical trial in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, designed to evaluate the long-term effects (up to 11.5 years) of intensive weight loss intervention on the time to incidence of major cardiovascular events.Research design and methods. Eligibility requirements are diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (determined by self-report and verification) in individuals aged 45-74 years and body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 (> 27 kg/m2 if currently taking insulin). The intensive lifestyle intervention is designed to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. The study is designed to provide 90% probability of detecting an 18% difference in major cardiovascular disease event rates in patients randomised to the intensive lifestyle intervention compared to the control group receiving standard diabetes support and education.Results. The 5, 145 participants who wer...
Detonation induced two-dimensional flows

Abstract Plane wave initiated detonation waves proceeding perpendicular to a confined or unconfined surface exhibit very little wave curvature and a complicated flow pattern behind the wave. Numerical studies of this process have been performed using two-dimensional Lagrangian code, 2DL, to solve the reactive hydrodynamics.
Effect of drug efflux blockers on vital staining of cellular DNA with Hoechst 33342.

The present study shows that staining of certain live cells, e.g., adriamycin-resistant P388 cells, by Hoechst 33342 is difficult because of the presence of a rapid efflux pump, which reduces intracellular dye concentration. Coincubation of these refractory cells in the presence of efflux blockers such as phenothiazines (trifluoperazine) or Ca++ channel blockers (verapamil) enhances dye retention and thus leads to generation of normal DNA distribution histograms. Laser flow cytometric data is confirmed by fluorometric assays, which show that P388/R cells retain one-third the amount of Hoechst 33342, and coincubation with efflux blockers increases Hoechst retention to values similar to those of drug-sensitive P388 cells. DNA histograms of mouse splenocytes incubated with Hoechst 33342 alone have a bimodal distribution possibly because of the presence of subpopulations that do not retain the fluorochrome owing to rapid efflux. Coincubation with an efflux blocker results in the generation of unimodal DNA histograms from these cells. These preliminary studies suggest that reduced retention of Hoechst 33342 in certain cell types (because of rapid efflux) can be blocked by efflux blockers, thus leading to generation of typical DNA distribution histograms.
Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive functioning in pediatric multiple sclerosis: report from the US Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Network.

Background:Approximately one-third of those with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) experience cognitive impairment. Less is known concerning their change in cognitive functioning over time.Objective:Changes in cognitive function over time were measured in the largest pediatric cohort to date through the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers.Methods:A total of 67 individuals with pediatric MS (n=62) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n=5), ranging from 8–17 years of age (mean age±standard deviation (SD)=14.37±2.02) completed initial and follow-up neuropsychological testing after an average of 1.64±0.63 years apart. The nine tests administered measure general intellect, attention and working memory, verbal memory, visuomotor integration, language, and executive functioning.Results:Rate of impairment (having one-third or more scores in the impaired range) was 37% at baseline and 33% at follow-up. Tests commonly impaired were measures of visuomotor integration, speeded processing, and attention. Most te...
Laser anemometer for large high velocity particles.

The advantages of laser Doppler velocimeters operating in the dual-scatter (two-beam) mode are ease of alignment and use, high SNR, freedom from vibration, and ease of data interpretation. Several disadvantages of the dual scatter mode become apparent, however, if this method is applied to the velocity measurement of large (approx. 100-..mu..m diam) particles. To retain the advantages of high SNR and ease of interpretation for all observation angles, the fringe spacing produced by the crossed beams must be larger than the particle diameter. Since the fringe spacing S is given by S = lambda/sin theta, where lambda is the laser wavelength and theta is convergence angle, very small convergence angles are required (theta < 0.25/sup 0/). However, as the convergence angle becomes small, the number of fringes in the probe volume decreases, and the individual fringes become broad and diffuse. The probe spot diameter must be made large enough to contain at least two fringes; this results in a reduction in fringe intensity and sometimes in fringe quality. The multiple-beam scatter mode described overcomes some of these problems. The basic idea is to take advantage of the increased sharpness and intensity of the interference fringes in the central Fraunhofer diffractionmore » zone produced by multiple slits (multiple-beam mode) as compared to the interference fringes produced by the two-beam mode. This apparatus has been successfully applied to the problem of measuring particle velocities of up to 1.52 km/sec produced by a gun designed for particle impact tests. (auth)« less
Relationship between behavioral and motor responses of mature and old mice and cerebellar beta-adrenergic receptor density

Aging alters motor performance. Changes in adrenergic systems also occur and may be involved in altered motor function. Since beta-adrenergic input is prominently involved in cerebellar control, the current study investigated the relationship between cerebellar beta-adrenergic status and motor function in old (27 month) and mature (10 month) C57BL mice. Plank balance, photocell box activity and novelty-induced locomotion were all greater in mature compared to old mice (P less than 0.01) as was beta-adrenergic receptor density. Beta-adrenergic receptor density, but not receptor affinity for antagonist, was highly correlated to these measures of motor function when results from both groups of animals were analyzed: Plank balance (R = 0.80, P less than 0.01); locomotion in an open field (R = 0.60, P less than 0.01) and in a photocell box (R = 0.59, P less than 0.02). Aging alters cerebellar motor function and part of this dysfunction is correlated with beta-adrenergic receptor density.
Match Quality Estimation For Feature-Based Scene Matching

Scene matching is a valuable and easily implemented procedure for navigation update determination. However, for scene matchers a measure of match confidence is required to judge either match acceptability or reference suitability. No confidence measure has previously been available for feature based matchers. An analytical technique is presented that utilizes feature statistics and measurements of the match surface or predicted match surface to estimate match quality as a confidence measure. The technique has been used both for a priori reference selection and for a posteriori measurement of match confidence. Feature statistics have been obtained by combining analysis with empirical results. This reliability prediction technique has been validated over a large number of test matches. Approximation techniques exist which reduce the required computations to a trivial amount.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A study of the thermal transformations of phenol resin in the presence of refractory oxides using EPR-spectroscopy

Les resines phenoplastes sont utilisees comme liants pour des refractaires oxyde-carbone employes en metallurgie. On etudie l'effet de la surface de l'oxyde refractaire (MgO,Al 2 O 3 ) sur les transformations thermiques du liant phenolique a l'aide de la spectrometrie RPE
A study of the trypsinolysis of pea 11 S globulin

Abstract The trypsinolysis of hexameric pea 11 S storage globulin (legumin) in high and low ionic strength conditions has been studied in relation to changes observed in subunit composition and quaternary/tertiary structure. Gel filtration, N-terminal analysis and SDS-PAGE revealed details on the probable method of enzyme attack. In high ionic strength a stable intermediate was formed, termed legumin-T. However, in low ionic strength, trypsinolysis proceeded further, completely degrading the tertiary/quaternary structure, with fragmentation to peptides. The site of initial enzyme attack was shown to be at the C-termini of the acidic polypeptides, eventually reducing their molecular mass to 33 000. The resulting hexameric legumin-T complex was shown by circular dichroism studies to possess a similar secondary structure of that of native legumin. The significance of 11 S globulin proteolysis to structure-function relationships in food systems and its relevance to nutritional value are discussed, together with the application of limited proteolysis for probing structural features of 11 S globulins and proteins in general.
Pointwise bounds for the electron density and estimates of an expectation value for one-electron systems

Abstract Pointwise bounds for wavefunctions of a class of Schrodinger operators for one-electron systems are used to obtain pointwise bounds for the electron density, as well as estimates for the expectation value ( r −1 ).
New phishes in the pond: a wake-up call for China in the context of management of computer crime

This paper provides an insight into the management of computer crime in the context of China. Given that China, like other countries, face the increasing problem of computer crime, it is prudent that the Chinese government understand that managing computer crime cannot be dealt with technical controls alone, such as firewalls. In presenting this argument, this paper reflects how China should learn lessons from other countries and focus on addressing both the technical and social issues when managing such illicit acts.
The population genetics of sex determination in honey bees: random mating in closed populations

The genetic load associated with the method of sex determination in honey bees has been a great deterrent to selective breeding programmes, primarily because of a lack of understanding of the population genetics of the system. In this paper we examine the distribution of diploid brood viabilities in closed, random mating populations, as a function both of the system of sex determination and of multiple mating in queens. Analytically we show that for a given number of sex alleles, an increase in the numbers of matings of queens, reduces the variance in brood viability, but does not affect the mean. The results of a computer simulation demonstrate that the equilibrium number of sex alleles is approached very slowly from above, so that small populations that start with large numbers of sex alleles will maintain high brood viability for a long time. The practical significance of this is discussed.
Phosphorescence and Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance of Polynucleotide Complexes of Tryptophan- and 5-Methyltryptophan-Containing Peptide Stereoisomers

Phosphorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements of tryptophan (W) and 5-methyltryptophan (MeW) triplet states are reported in stereoisomeric peptide complexes with polynucleotides. The peptide diastereomers KWK, K(MeW)K, KGWK, and KGWGK in which the W or MeW are either d or l and the lysine (K) is l have been prepared and their complexes with poly(deoxythymidylic) acid (poly dT), poly(inosinic) acid (poly I), and poly(uridylic) acid (poly U) have been studied. Complex formation with polynucleotide results in a phosphorescence redshift and reduction of the zero field splitting D value of W or MeW that varies with polynucleotide, the length and sequence of the peptide, and with the diastereomer. In addition, the kinetic parameters of the triplet state show considerable variation between complexes. These results are discussed in terms of the stereochemistry of peptide bonding to the single stranded polynucleotide and differing types of aromatic amino acid−base interaction: inte...
Blood glucose and corticosterone changes accompanying altered lipid metabolism induced by exposure to acceleration stress.

Acceleration stress-induced changes in fat metabolism, level of circulating glucose and corticosterone level in rats
Local Labor Market Characteristics and the Occupational Concentration of Different Sociodemographic Groups1

This paper analyzes the extent to which employment opportunities for different sociodemographic groups are concentrated in a limited number of occupations within their local labor market areas. Data from the STF-4 file of the 1980 Census of Population and Housing are used to measure the occupational concentration of these groups in 318 labor market areas (LMAs) in the United States. Regression analysis demonstrates the significance of local labor market characteristics for the occupational concentration of women and men and of whites and blacks. Gender differences in occupational concentration are strongly related to the differential effects of the industrial composition of the local labor market. Racial differences in occupational concentration are affected by the fact that working in larger, more densely populated LMAs is more significant for blacks than for whites.
Hydrothermal Argillation of Volcanic Pipes in Limestone in Mexico

Previously reported deposits of kaolin of hydrothermal origin in Mexico have been described from igneous parent rocks dominantly extrusive in occurrence. Recently observed evidence from other localities confirms an intrusive mode of occurrence, however, for hydrothermally kaolinized agglomerate and tuff within limestone host rock. Three such occurrences have been recognized near Jasso-Calera, north of Mexico City, and near Coacoyula, Guerrero, and Sombrerete, Zacatecas.
THE ULTRAHIGH-PEAK-POWER LASER: PRESENT AND FUTURE

to 1020-W/cm2 range. With some refinements and with superior energy storage materials, even higher peak power in the petawatt range should be possible from tabletop systems. In this paper we show the ultimate achievable power and intensity, as well as their applications in science and technology. Their applications cover a wide variety of fields, such as precision surgery, micromachining, coherent and incoherent X-ray generation, thermonuclear ignition, particle acceleration, and nonlinear quantum electrodynamics.