cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract NT-104: SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION OF MORTALIN-TARGETING AND P53 REACTIVATOR DRUGS FOR OVARIAN CANCER

PURPOSE: TP53 gene missense mutations represent the most common genetic defect in fallopian tube (FT) lesions and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and cause of drug resistance. We hypothesized that drugs with complementary p53 protein-targeted mechanisms (SHetA2 drug release of p53 from mortalin binding, PRIMA-1MET drug reactivation of p53 transcription activity) synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells without harming normal cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: SHetA2-mediated cytoplasmic to nuclear/mitochondrial p53 translocation was studied in wildtype and mutant p53 ovarian cancer cell lines using Western blot analysis of subcellular-enriched fractions and fluorescent microscopic imaging of immunocytochemistry. Human FT epithelial cells (hFTSECs) were used as healthy controls. The p53 reactivator drugs PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1MET were combined with SHetA2 to study drug interactions and mechanisms using Western blot, rtPCR, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP assays. RESULTS: SHetA2 induced p53 nuclear and mitochondrial accumulation in ovarian cancer cell lines, but not in hFTSECs. Both mortalin and p53 expression altered SHetA2 cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Modest effects of PRIMA-1MET on cell lines inversely correlated with SLC7A11 expression, a known biomarker of PRIMA-1MET sensitivity. SHetA2 induced SLC7A11 in the presence of wildtype or missense mutant p53, but inhibited SLC7A11 in the absence of p53. SHetA2 and PRIMA-1MET were synergistic-to-strongly synergistic in ovarian cancer cells with mutant p53, synergistic with wildtype p53, additive with null p53 and antagonistic in hFTSECs. Elevated apoptosis, p53 transcription activity and ROS in combination with reduced ATP were associated with this mutant p53-dependent synergy. CONCLUSION: Altogether, our findings identified the SHetA2 and PRIMA-1MET combination as a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HGSOCs with missense mutant p53. GRANT SUPPORT: Supported by the US National Cancer Institute grant R01 CA196200 and Foundation for Women9s Cancer- Ovarinnovate: Ovarcome Research Excellence Award. Citation Format: Satish Kumar Ramraj, Doris M. Benbrook. SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION OF MORTALIN-TARGETING AND P53 REACTIVATOR DRUGS FOR OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr NT-104.
Mobile ion partitioning in ion exchange membranes immersed in saline solutions

Abstract Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are extensively used in separation and energy storage systems. Prior studies have suggested that rigorous thermodynamic modeling is essential to describe mobile ion partitioning in IEMs, especially weakly charged ionic membranes, immersed in aqueous salt solutions. Based on a recently developed polyelectrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model, this work presents a thermodynamic analysis for the mobile ion partitioning between external salt solutions with ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 molal and membranes of poly (ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) copolymerized with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). We show that mobile ion partitioning in the uncharged membranes and the weakly charged membranes immersed in saline solutions is controlled by the long-range “point-to-point” electrostatic interactions and the short-range van der Waals interactions in the membrane phase. For the strongly charged membrane samples, the long-range “point-to-line” electrostatic interactions also play a role, the mobile ion mean ionic activity coefficients are close to unity, and the ion sorption data may be qualitatively interpreted with either the ideal Donnan equilibrium model or Manning's limiting law.
Classical statistical mechanics of the sine-Gordon and φ 4 chain. II. Dynamic properties

We present and discuss the classical statistical mechanics of the dynamic properties associated with a discretized sine-Gordon and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ system by using the molecular-dynamics technique. To calibrate the interpretation, various approximate expressions for the dynamic form factors of interest are derived on the basis of an interacting phonon gas and an ideal kink gas. On this basis, kink, phonon, and second-sound excitation branches are identified. The occurrence of the kink excitation branch turns out to be restricted to small wave numbers and frequencies and to low temperatures. Evidence for breather features, distinct from anharmonic contributions, is also given.
College student symptoms as assessed by a student health survey.

We sought to identify the general health of college students. A total of 4402 university freshmen and sophomores were recruited to report their general health through an online questionnaire. Respo...
Learning New Skills in Innovation, Leadership, and Discovery During a 9-Month Scholarly Concentration: Results from the First Cohort at a New Medical School.

Dell Medical School (DMS) has weaved health systems science (HSS) throughout its curriculum. During the third year, students complete a master’s degree program or an immersive distinction in research or design during a 9-month Innovation, Leadership, and Discovery (ILD) block. Faculty assessments revealed all students met expectations, but dual-degree students were rated higher than distinction students in leading future innovative teams competencies. Student self-assessments revealed statistically significant improvements in HSS competencies during the block with little difference by ILD choice (dual degree or distinction). We will continue to examine the long-term impact of these experiences and skills in career trajectories.
Intraoperative use and validation of a novel negative pressure, face-mounted antechamber to minimize aerosolization of particles during endoscopic skull base surgery

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deficiencies in the adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) forhealth care workers. Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS) is thought to be among the highest risk aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) for surgeons and operating room personnel. Objective: To validate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of a novel surgical device. Methods: A low-cost, modifiable, and easily producible negative pressure, face-mounted antechamber was developedutilizing 3D printing and silicone molding. Efficacy was evaluated using an optical particle sizer (OPS) to quantify aerosolsgenerated during both cadaver and intraoperative human use with high-speed drilling. Results: Particle counts in the cadaver showed that drilling led to a 2.49-fold increase in particles ≤5 μm ( p = 0.001), andthat the chamber was effective at reducing particles to levels not significantly different than baseline. In humans, drillingled to a 37-fold increase in in particles ≤5 μm ( p < 0.001), and the chamber was effective at reducing particles to a level notsignificantly different than baseline. Use of the antechamber in 6 complex cases did not interfere with the ability to performsurgery. Patients did not report any facial discomfort after surgery related to antechamber use. Conclusions: The use of a negative pressure facial antechamber can effectively reduce aerosolization from endoscopicdrilling without disturbing the flow of the operation. The antechamber, in conjunction with appropriate PPE, will be usefulduring the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during flu season and any future viral outbreaks.
Circadian Rhythm, Clock Genes, and Hypertension: Recent Advances in Hypertension.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecular circadian clock is crucial in blood pressure (BP) control. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock, which resides in the suprachiasma...
Business process modeling and ORM

Business process modeling is currently receiving a great deal of attention from both the business and the technical communities. Many processes modeling approaches have been proposed, but these frequently lack the rigor needed to create or maintain associations between process models and operational systems in a systematic (and possibly automated) fashion. This paper examines some of the relationships between business process modeling and Object Role Modeling (ORM) as a step towards understanding where ORM can (and, just as importantly, cannot) be used in business modeling.
Japanese families living temporarily in four areas of North America : traditionalism and adaptation

Traditional Japanese culture is affected by the increasing numbers of Japanese sojourners in North America. Additionally, a permanent sojourner community is developing which contains elements of traditional Japanese culture as well as North American influences. The present ethnographic study investigated Japanese families living temporarily in North America and their relationships with each other and with North Americans. Methodology included interviews, observations, and participant observations in places of business, homes, schools, and social settings. Attitudes and behaviors were identified and classified, indicating patterns in behaviors as well as relationships between interdependent behaviors. The primary sample included 22 businessmen, 27 women, and 43 children. Group interviews were held with additional people. The men in the sample work in Japanese, American, or Canadian offices; the women center their lives around their homes but also go beyond the home, and the children attend public and private North American schools supplemented, in most cases, by Japanese Saturday school, or full-time Japanese school. Ease of adaptation among adults is related partly to prior experience abroad. Among women, those with education or training to prepa re them for a career adapt most easily. Among children, adaptation is easiest for younger children and for those who attend school with a few other Japanese students, but not many. In general, junior high students are more apt to experience social problems. They and very traditional women are the loneliest sojourners. Japanese community life is affected by interactions among sojourners themselves and between sojourners and surrounding North American communities. A range of adaptation appears among sojourners, from maintenance of traditionalism to acculturation. Marginality has a different meaning for these high-status sojourners than it does for other migrant and immigrant groups because, rather than being excluded by the majority society, many choose to participate mainly in Japanese institutions. Those who become bicultural may express a preference for living in North America where they are freer to behave in both Japanese and American or Canadian ways than they are in Japan. The question of how North American society is affected by the presence of a high-status foreign non-immigrant population is discussed briefly.
HOW TECHNICALLY SAVVY IS YOUR LEGAL COUNSEL

Recently, a research project was conducted to evaluate how mid-sized manufacturing companies handle e-mail retention. Since the risks associated with e-mail retention are related to compliance and litigation issues, the study examined recommendations from legal counsel regarding electronic mail retention. Analysis of data from this recent survey conducted to evaluate recommendations for electronic mail retention policies suggests corporate counsels may not be providing their clients with recommendations that are consistent with advice given by experts in electronic discovery. The survey responses indicate that attorneys may be relying on technical managers to provide electronic mail retention methods, without incorporating input from legal experts with regard to issues such as an audit trail for e-mail, or a formal electronic records retention software system.
On the practicality of motion based keystroke inference attack

Recent researches have shown that motion sensors may be used as a side channel to infer keystrokes on the touchscreen of smartphones. However, the practicality of this attack is unclear. For example, does this attack work on different devices, screen dimensions, keyboard layouts, or keyboard types? Does this attack depend on specific users or is it user independent? To answer these questions, we conducted a user study where 21 participants typed a total of 47,814 keystrokes on four different mobile devices in six settings. Our results show that this attack remains effective even though the accuracy is affected by user habits, device dimension, screen orientation, and keyboard layout. On a number-only keyboard, after the attacker tries 81 4-digit PINs, the probability that she has guessed the correct PIN is 65%, which improves the accuracy rate of random guessing by 81 times. Our study also indicates that inference based on the gyroscope is more accurate than that based on the accelerometer. We evaluated two classification techniques in our prototype and found that they are similarly effective.
Imaging Properties of Light Scattered by the Sea

We describe a semiphenomenological model of single scattering of light in seawater by particles and turbulence, plus a semianalytic Monte Carlo program for treating the multiple scattering. Ample experimental data were available for wide-angle scattering, but experimental data were not available for scattering at the small angles (10−3 rad) most relevant for imaging, hence calculations were performed for a variety of parameter values. The results of the Monte Carlo computations were interpretable as simple scaling rules for angular dispersion as a function of range and medium parameters.
The Business of Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is extremely complex and expensive, requiring significant personnel, pharmaceutical, supportive, and patient/family resources. As indications for transplantation multiplied and transplant-related mortality declined, HSCT utilization expanded with a dramatic increase in the number of both autologous and allogeneic procedures performed over the past decade.
Coupling atmospheric mercury isotope ratios and meteorology to identify sources of mercury impacting a coastal urban‐industrial region near Pensacola, Florida, USA

Identifying the anthropogenic and natural sources of mercury (Hg) emissions contributing to atmospheric mercury on local, regional, and global scales continues to be a grand challenge. The relative importance of various direct anthropogenic emissions of mercury, in addition to natural geologic sources and reemission of previously released and deposited mercury, differs regionally and temporally. In this study, we used local-scale, mesoscale, and synoptic-scale meteorological analysis to couple the isotopic composition of ambient atmospheric mercury with potential sources of mercury contributing to a coastal urban-industrial setting near a coal-fired power plant in Pensacola, Florida, USA. We were able to broadly discern four influences on the isotopic composition of ambient atmospheric mercury impacting this coastal urban-industrial region: (1) local to regional urban-industrial anthropogenic emissions (mean δ202Hg = 0.44 ± 0.05‰, 1SD, n = 3), (2) marine-influenced sources derived from the Gulf of Mexico (mean δ202Hg = 0.77 ± 0.15‰, 1SD, n = 4), (3) continental sources associated with north-northwesterly flows from within the planetary boundary layer (mean δ202Hg = 0.65 ± 0.04‰, 1SD, n = 3), and (4) continental sources associated with north-northeasterly flows at higher altitudes (i.e., 2000 m above ground level; mean δ202Hg = 1.10 ± 0.21‰, 1SD, n = 8). Overall, these data, in conjunction with previous studies, suggest that the background global atmospheric mercury pool is characterized by moderately positive δ202Hg values; that urban-industrial emissions drive the isotopic composition of ambient atmospheric mercury toward lower δ202Hg values; and that air-surface exchange dynamics across vegetation and soils of terrestrial ecosystems drive the isotopic composition of ambient atmospheric mercury toward higher positive δ202Hg values. The data further suggest that mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of both even-mass- and odd-mass-number isotopes, likely generated by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere or during reemission from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, can be obscured by mixing with anthropogenic emissions having different MIF signatures.
Bilirubin: Striking Gold in Diabetic Vasculopathy?

Vascular complications are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality and a major contributor to health care costs in patients with diabetes (1). While the etiology of vascular disease is multifactorial, endothelial dysfunction characterized by a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation is a seminal feature in diabetes-associated vascular disease. Given the dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide, there is an urgent need for new therapies that targets this cellular defect in diabetes. Although long considered a toxic waste product of heme metabolism, the yellow pigment bilirubin is now recognized as an important vasoprotective molecule. Bilirubin is formed by the action of inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or constitutively expressed HO-2, which degrades heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron (Fig. 1). Biliverdin is rapidly reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVR). Bilirubin is further processed in the liver, where it is conjugated with glucuronic acid by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase A1A (UGT1A1) to a water-soluble form for elimination. While early work identified the potent antioxidant properties of bilirubin, more recent studies found that bilirubin elicits anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in endothelial cells and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in murine hypercholesterolemic blood vessels (2–5). Clinical studies also support a protective role, as serum bilirubin concentrations show an inverse relationship with risk for a constellation of cardiovascular disorders (6). Interestingly, serum bilirubin levels are lower …
High activity of choline acetyltransferase induced in neuroblastoma x glia hybrid cells.

Abstract Hybrids were made between rat glioma X mouse neuroblastoma cell lines and were examined for the specific activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. The specific activities of choline acetyltransferase of the hybrids were as high as those in normal brain, whereas neither parent line showed appreciable activities. The electrical excitability of the neuroblastoma cells was retained in the hybrids.
A Short Synthesis of 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-deoxythymidine

Abstract Reaction of sodium metal in HMPA-THF with 2,3′-anhydrothymidine la, results in an elimination to give the 2′,3′-unsaturated nucleoside 3a, This process was utilized in a synthesis of the antiviral drug D4T from thymidine.
A protocol for enumeration of aquatic viruses by epifluorescence microscopy using Anodisc™ 13 membranes

Background Epifluorescence microscopy is a common method used to enumerate virus-like particles (VLP) from environmental samples and relies on the use of filter membranes with pore sizes < 0.02 μm; the most commonly used protocols employ 25 mm Anodisc™ membranes with a built-in support ring. Other filters with small pore sizes exist, including the 13 mm Anodisc™ membranes without a support ring. However, the use of these membranes for viral enumeration has not been previously reported.
Fetal terbutaline exposure causes selective postnatal increases in cerebellar α-adrenergic receptor binding

Abstract β-Adrenergic agonists used in therapy of premature labor and asthma cross the placenta and can affect development of the fetal nervous system. In the current study, pregnant rats were given 10 mg/kg of terbutaline on gestational days 17, 18 and 19 and adrenergic receptor binding capabilities examined in brain regions of the offspring. Despite the absence of body or brain growth impairment, selective increases were seen postnatally in cerebellar α1- and α2-receptor subtypes, whereas the same receptor populations were decreased by small amounts in cerebral cortex and midbrain + brainstem. β-Adrenergic receptors showed little or no change in any region. The regional and subtype selectivity are compatible with primary deficits in the development of noradrenergic projections to the cerebellum identified in previous studies and provide further evidence that therapeutic use of β-adrenergic agonists may produce neurobehavioral teratology.
NMDA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders

The number and subunit composition of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are not static, but change in a cell- and synapse-specific manner during development and in response to neuronal activity and sensory experience. Neuronal activity drives not only NMDAR synaptic targeting and incorporation, but also receptor retrieval, differential sorting into the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and lateral diffusion between synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. An emerging concept is that activity-dependent, bidirectional regulation of NMDAR trafficking provides a dynamic and potentially powerful mechanism for the regulation of synaptic efficacy and remodelling, which, if dysregulated, can contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders such as cocaine addiction, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
FORTRAN subroutine for an EEG feedback digital filter

A method of constructing digital filters is outlined and illustrated in an application for research uses of EEG feedback. The method is based on least squares estimation with geometric weighting. Old data in the time series are discounted according to age, as new data arrive. Recurrence relations are used, allowing the computations to be performed in real time. A FORTRAN digital filter is formulated that simultaneously estimates (1) the spectral power in a band centered at a target frequency, (2) the total spectral power, and (3) the dominant frequency.
The geometry of avoiding beam intersections and blocking tray collisions

The intersection of a therapy x‐ray beam with steel rails beneath or along the side of the patient support couch should be avoided. Collisions of the blocking tray mount with any portion of the couch are also prohibited. Equations are derived to determine the range of gantry angles which must be avoided for specified patient setups. These equations were incorporated into a brief computer program. The forbidden angular ranges for a representative set of field widths and isocenter positions are graphically presented for quick clinical reference.
An efficient multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution estimator: Application to IVA

Due to its simple parametric form, multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution (MGGD) has been widely used for modeling vector-valued signals. Therefore, efficient estimation of its parameters is of significant interest for a number of applications. Independent vector analysis (IVA) is a generalization of independent component analysis (ICA) that makes full use of the statistical dependence across multiple datasets to achieve source separation, and can take both second and higher-order statistics into account. MGGD provides an effective model for IVA as well as for modeling the latent multivariate variables-sources-and the performance of the IVA algorithm highly depends on the estimation of the source parameters. In this paper, we propose an efficient estimation technique based on the Fisher scoring (FS) and demonstrate its successful application to IVA. We quantify the performance of MGGD parameter estimation using FS and further verify the effectiveness of the new IVA algorithm using simulations.
Three-Dimensional Shock Structures for Transonic/Supersonic Compressor Rotors

This paper reviews experience at evaluating three-dimensional shock structures for transonic/supersonic compressor rotors, including experimental results obtained by holography, laser velocimetry, and highfrequency pressure transducers. Typical shock wave angles are oblique to the relative flow with angles in the range 60-65 deg range for maximum deflection, rather than the 40-50 deg range predicted by conventional cascade analyses. Results are partially explained by obliquity of the shocks in between-blade-streamsurfaces. Procedures for generating analytical flow patterns consistent with experiment, including supersonic/subsonic transition through oblique shocks, are demonstrated.
Identification of candidate loci at 6p21 and 21q22 in a genome-wide association study of cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus.

Objective Cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus, comprising atrioventricular conduction defects and cardiomyopathy, occur in fetuses exposed to anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, and carry substantial mortality. There is strong evidence of a genetic contribution to the risk. This study was undertaken to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for associations with cardiac neonatal lupus. Methods Children of European ancestry with cardiac neonatal lupus (n = 116) were genotyped using the Illumina 370K SNP platform and merged with 3,351 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for association with cardiac neonatal lupus were determined. Results The 17 most significant associations with cardiac neonatal lupus were found in the HLA region. The region near the MICB gene showed the strongest variant (rs3099844; Pdom = 4.52 × 10−10, OR 3.34 [95% CI 2.29–4.89]), followed by a missense variant within C6orf10 (rs7775397; Pdom = 1.35 × 10−9, OR 3.30), which lies between NOTCH4 and BTNL2, and several SNPs near the tumor necrosis factor α gene, including rs2857595 (Padd = 1.96 × 10−9, OR 2.37), rs2230365 (Padd = 1.00 × 10−3, OR 0.46), and rs3128982 (Padd = 6.40 × 10−6, OR 1.86). Outside the HLA region, an association was detected at 21q22, upstream of the transcription regulator ets-related isoform 1 (rs743446; P = 5.45 × 10−6, OR 2.40). HLA notwithstanding, no individual locus previously implicated in autoimmune diseases achieved genome-wide significance. Conclusion These results suggest that variation near genes related to inflammatory and apoptotic responses may promote cardiac injury initiated by passively acquired autoantibodies.
Effect of the Learning Curve on the Capital Budgeting Process

Repetition of human activity tends to cause a certain amount of learning to occur. This learning curve (LC) effect has been widely discussed in the business literature and appears to be applicable in many diverse settings (for example, see Belkaoui (1983), Imhoff (1978), and Yelle (1979)). Many years ago companies in the aircraft industry discovered that certain repetitive processes could be described mathematically and that such models could be used to estimate the amount of time necessary to complete a task as it is repeated. It was determined that the more complex the activity, the greater the potential to achieve decreases in the time necessary to complete each succeeding unit of production.
Reduced field-of-view diffusion imaging of the human spinal cord: comparison with conventional single-shot echo-planar imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DWI of the spinal cord is challenging because of its small size and artifacts associated with the most commonly used clinical imaging method, SS-EPI. We evaluated the performance of rFOV spinal cord DWI and compared it with the routine fFOV SS-EPI in a clinical population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six clinical patients underwent 1.5T MR imaging examination that included rFOV SS-EPI DWI of the cervical spinal cord as well as 2 comparison diffusion sequences: fFOV SS-EPI DWI normalized for either image readout time (low-resolution fFOV) or spatial resolution (high-resolution fFOV). ADC maps were created and compared between the methods by using single-factor analysis of variance. Two neuroradiologists blinded to sequence type rated the 3 DWI methods, based on susceptibility artifacts, perceived spatial resolution, signal intensity–to-noise ratio, anatomic detail, and clinical utility. RESULTS: ADC values for the rFOV and both fFOV sequences were not statistically different (rFOV: 1.01 ± 0.18 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s; low-resolution fFOV: 1.12 ± 0.22 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s; high-resolution fFOV: 1.10 ± 0.21 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s; F = 2.747, P > .05). The neuroradiologist reviewers rated the rFOV diffusion images superior in terms of all assessed measures ( P CONCLUSIONS: rFOV DWI of the spinal cord overcomes many of the problems associated with conventional fFOV SS-EPI and is feasible in a clinical population. From a clinical standpoint, images were deemed superior to those created by using standard fFOV methods.
THREE-STATE MODEL FOR TWO-ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

Much of electron transfer based catalysis relies upon multielectron rather than single-electron transfer processes. If the multielectron events proceed through stable one-electron intermediates, conventional theory describes the events. However, when an unstable one-electron intermediate plays a role, when a stable intermediate lives for a brief period of time, or when concerted multielectron events occur, the electronic coupling and free energy dependence of the rate is distinct from that arising in one-electron theories. We describe several new features that can arise in multielectron processes, predict their experimental signature, and show how these ideas can be applied to specific experimental systems.
Isolation and characterization of human fetal brain-derived microglia in in vitro culture.

Abstract Human brain microglia may play a central role in immunopathogenesis of CNS diseases including HIV infection, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In order to investigate the possible relationship between microglia and the mononuclear phagocyte system, human brain microglia were isolated from 14–18-week-old fetal brains, and maintained in in vitro culture. Enriched fetal brain microglia were stained for different monocyte/macrophage and glial cell markers. Fresh dissociated brain cells lacked macrophage surface markers. Isolated microglial cells stained positive for complement receptor C3bi, Class II [human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR)] antigen and with the lectin Ricinus communis . Microglia also share several functional properties with monocyte/macrophages, which include generation of superoxide anion and histochemically demonstrable intracellular acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Primary human dissociated brain cultures were maintained in culture for at least 28 weeks. Although microglia were not observed above the astrocyte cell layer after 5 weeks in culture, micoglia-like cells appear below the astrocyte layer after 12 weeks in culture. These cells stained positive for non-specific esterase and displayed oxidative burst activity upon activation with phorbol myristate acetate. Thus, we have successfully isolated an enriched population of microglia from human fetal brain and have demonstrated that these cells possess markers and properties which are characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes.
Whence the energy term of the rate constant

Insights into the causes of energy barriers to reactions are obtained from our E* model for hydrogen abstractions. Results of the model are in good agreement with all eight experimentally studied symmetrical reactions of the type X−H + •X → X• + H−X. The E* energy is broken down into three components: energy needed to overcome triplet repulsion between the terminal Xs, energy needed to bring the H−X bonds to their transition state distances, and energy gain by the resonance stabilization of delocalization of the odd electron over three atoms. The strength of the X−H bond is a minor factor. The conclusion that triplet repulsion is a major factor is supported by the London equation and by results of recent high level theoretical calculations. The E* model requires inputs of bond dissociation energies, bond lengths, and infrared stretching frequencies of X−H and X−X. Some reported failures of E* are shown to have been caused by use of input values subsequently found to be incorrect.
A quantile approach to the demographic, residential, and socioeconomic effects on 19th-century African-American body mass index values

Little research exists on the body mass index values of late 19th- and early 20th-century African-Americans. Using a new BMI data set and robust statistics, this paper demonstrates that darker complexioned black BMIs were greater than for mulattos, and a mulatto BMI advantage did not exist. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, black BMIs decreased across the BMI distribution, indicating that the 20th-century increase in black BMIs did not have its origin in the 19th century. During industrialization, black BMIs were lower in Kentucky, Missouri, and urban Philadelphia. Late 19th- and early 20th-century black BMIs were related to occupations, and farmers had heavier BMIs than workers in other occupations.
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE BY AMMONIA ON PILLARED CLAY CATALYSTS: POSSIBLE MECHANISM AND PROMOTERS

The delaminated Fe203-pillared clay shows high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH2. Temperature program desorption (TPD) studies show that large amounts of NO., are adsorbed on the pillared clay catalyst at the SCR reaction temperatures (i.e. near 400°C). This result indicates that a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type mechanism (for reaction between chemisorbed NO, and NH, on the surface to form N2) is operative for the pillared clay catalyst, which is in contrast to the SCR reaction on the commercial vanadia-based catalysts. The SCR activities for the delaminated Fe203-pillared clay catalyst are higher than that of a commercial-type V2O5 + WO3/TiO2 catalyst under SO2 + H20 free conditions, but became lower in the presence of SO2 +l H20. However, when promoted by doping 1–3% Cr203, the pillared clay catalyst exhibits higher SCR activities than the commercial-type catalyst in the presence of S02 + H2O at all practical SCR reaction temperatures
A surface fitting method for three dimensional scattered data

A method is presented that may be used to empirically establish the type of relationship that is present between a response variable and its influencing factors, by fitting a mathematical model to three dimensional scattered data. The generated response surface is composed of continuous triangular planes that are fitted to the corresponding data in the least squares sense. The method may be easily implemented. It requires some fairly large number of scattered data, two initial boundary conditions and a desired accuracy for the band-wise partitioning of the data. The proposed surface fitting technique has been successfully applied to solar radiation modelling for a number of different data combinations.
OLDER WOMEN, THE STUDENT ROLE AND MENTAL HEALTH

Abstract Returning women students over 50, although growing in number, have been largely ignored as a unique group by both educational gerontologists and scholars interested in non‐traditional women students. Matched groups (N = 106) of student (outwardly oriented) and non‐student (home oriented) women (mean age = 55.67, s.d. = 5.25) were compared on measures of subjective age and attitudes toward age, perceived happiness and satisfaction, perceived physical health, number and severity of depressive symptoms, self‐esteem and autonomy. The student group was found to report better health, fewer and less severe depressive symptoms and higher autonomy. Psychological transitions facing mid‐life women are discussed. Possibilities of educational participation as preventive of mid‐life depression for women are discussed. Future longitudinal, cohort‐sequential research should focus on mid‐life and older women students as a unique group.
Functional outcomes in patients with right hemisphere brain damage

Background : In this era of accountability in health care, the need to document treatment-related changes in health status is critical. However, few studies report outcomes in people with right cerebral hemisphere damage (RHD). Aims : The objective of this study was to document, in a single population of patients with RHD, selected functional outcomes at the termination of inpatient treatment. Of particular interest were cognitive performance and its influence on motor and overall recovery. Methods & Procedures : Functional outcomes were retrospectively examined in 101 RHD patients, at discharge from an in-patient rehabilitation programme. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM; Center for Functional Assessment Research, 1993) was the measurement tool. The five outcomes examined were: final functional status, amount of gain, efficiency of gain, length of stay (LOS), and discharge placement. FIM scores, produced on an ordinal rating scale, were statistically transformed by the Rasch method (Rasch, 1960) ...
Electricity in the international geophysical year

The electrical highlights of the International Geophysical Year to begin on July 1, 1957, are reviewed. Included under this topic are electrical studies of the ionosphere, current rings far beyond the atmosphere, cosmic rays, the aurora, whistlers, sunspots, and electromagnetic phenomena. Information to be gathered will be so massive that a generation or more will be necessary to reduce and interpret it all.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 211

Abstract The evaluator presents in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass number A = 211.
Rutin Suppresses Palmitic Acids-Triggered Inflammation in Macrophages and Blocks High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver in Mice

Purpose To elucidate the mechanism of rutin in blocking macrophage-mediated inflammation and high fat diet-induced obesity and fatty liver.
Disentangling the temporal relationship between parental depressive symptoms and early child behavior problems: a transactional framework.

Despite the considerable amount of research demonstrating the relationship between parental depressive symptoms and child behavior problems, few studies have examined the direction of the relationship between these variables. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine transactional effects between parental depressive symptoms and child behavior problems. Participants were 209 parent–child dyads drawn from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed at least 2 of 4 annual questionnaire assessments between the child's age of 4 and 7 years. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the autoregressive paths from one year to the next year within each construct, as well as cross-lagged paths from one year to the next year between constructs. Findings indicated that parental depressive symptoms at each year predicted child behavior problems at the subsequent year and vice versa. No support was found for differential gender effects. These findings highlight the reciprocal relationship b...
Levinas in the Hood: Portable Social Justice

In his philosophy, Levinas demonstrated that it is precisely our obligation to the Other that liberates the subject from his or her own self-belonging, or operative intentionality. As a clinician working with African American adolescents in foster care, I have found that ethics is not only the first philosophy, but that seeing the face of the Other becomes a daily imperative for survival and not a philosophical abstraction. Race, ethnicity, social class, education, age, and language are just some of the ways that the assessor or therapist often differs from their clients and their families, leading to profound cultural mistrust and situations in which, as Levinas (1961/1969) would say, one is reduced into totality. The focus of this chapter is on what happens when totality breaks into pieces within the cross-cultural context and the glean of exteriority, or of transcendence, happens in the face of the Other. What happens when the world undoes itself in an instant and we are not who we think we are? What happens when the face emerges as a primordial signifier? These questions are explored through the case of a 17-year-old African American girl who was referred for a psychological evaluation. The relationship between the assessor and the client is highlighted to demonstrate the movement from totality toward infinity within the cross-cultural context.
KEY TO TWO WORLDS: ROBERT FLUDD'S WEATHER-GLASS

title RIASSUNTO /title Tra i supposti inventori del termoscopio vi anche Robert Fludd (1574-1637). improbabile tuttavia che Fludd meriti questo onore perch vi sono descrizioni dello strumento anteriori alla sua. L'uso che ne fece comunque di notevole interesse. Egli lo descrive non solo come strumento per misurare la temperatura relativa (ricorrendo a scale variamente graduate), ma anche e ?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?ci per lui molto pi importante come guida per i segreti pi profondi del macrocosmo e del microcosmo. Lo riferisce agli arcangeli che controllano i venti, all'azione dello spirito vitale, a fenomeni metereologici, agli umori e alle passioni e a ?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?particolari malattie. In breve, lo strumento da poco inventato non al servizio di uno scienziato, ma piuttosto nelle mani di uno dei pi grandi rappresentanti dell'ermetismo del secolo XVII, che cerc di usarlo a convalida delle proprie teorie di ispirazione mistica.
Iron-substituted Beta molecular sieve: Synthesis and characterization

Abstract A synthesis of crystalline ferrisilicate having zeolite BEA topology (Fe-Beta) and containing significant quantities of iron in the framework (22 Fe atoms per unit cell based on 192 T-atoms per unit cell) has been reported. The synthesis of Fe-Beta was carried out using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), 25% methanolic instead of an aqueous solution, as a source of organic template. X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrography (SEM) were used to check the structural identity and phase purity of the Fe-Beta samples. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) study showed that the amount of TEAOH ions interacting with Fe-Beta framework increases with increase in the iron content of the sample. The Fe ions in Fe-Beta were in the trivalent oxidation state which was confirmed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study. A comparison of Si/Fe ratios determined by chemical analysis and XPS method allowed us to conclude that Fe 3+ species are distributed homogeneously from the bulk to the surface of Fe-Beta crystallites. However, the O 1s XP spectra indicated the presence of small amounts of extraframework iron oxidic impurities in as-synthesized as well as calcined samples. The infrared (IR) spectra showed three types of hydroxyl groups in Fe-Beta located at 3740, 3670 and a very broad band at ∼ 3540 cm −1 . The band at 3680 cm −1 was found to be affected by pyridine adsorption and therefore was assigned to structural bridging hydroxyl groups (SiOHFe) formed by substitution of iron in the zeolite framework. The shift in the IR OH stretching frequency towards higher wave number and the desorption of NH 3 at lower temperature for Fe-Beta samples as compared to Al-Beta zeolite allowed us to conclude that the strength of Bronsted acid sites in Fe-Beta materials is lower than those Bronsted acids sites in Al-Beta zeolites.
A STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL ‘FRAMEWORK’ AND ‘PROCESS’ MODALITIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS‐LEVEL STRATEGIC DECISIONS*

Abstract : Based on structuration theory, organization framework and process are proposed as two modalities for implementing intended business-level strategies. A model is developed in which the components of these two modalities and related to the implementation of low cost and differentiation strategies. The implementation of fifty-seven strategies in integrated circuits, petroleum, and health care firms are used to test the research hypotheses. The findings suggest that strategy implementation in these firms utilized both framework and process structural elements, but that a different implementation gestalt characterized each strategy. Implications for strategy implementation and for structuration theory are discussed.
Ambient temperature imidazolium-based ionic liquids with tetrachloronickelate(II) anions

Abstract Deep blue tetrachloronickelate(II) salts of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations [Cnmim]+ with intermediate chain lengths (n = 5, 7, 8 and an n = 4/6 mixture) have been prepared from imidazolium chlorides and NiCl2. They are liquid at ambient temperatures (ca. 20 °C) and above, and display viscosities and thermal stability comparable to related [BF4]− compounds. The similarities may reflect the compensating effects of the dinegative charge of the [NiCl4]2− ion and its larger size.
Psychophysiological measures of (dis)inhibition as liability indicators for schizophrenia

Two psychophysiological measures, poor suppression of midlatency auditory-evoked responses in a paired stimulus paradigm and ocular motor abnormalities, may index genetic liability for schizophrenia. An important feature of these measures is that both patients and their nonpsychotic relatives exhibit basically the same performance. These measures may be successful endophenotypes for schizophrenia because they assess poor response inhibition associated with dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex circuitry. Data bearing on this hypothesis are reviewed, and it is posited that assessment of the auditory-evoked gamma band response and saccade measures of inhibitory abilities are the most valid behavioral measures of schizophrenia's neuropathological correlates. The extant data suggest that psychophysiological studies of schizophrenia can provide consistent and theoretically meaningful information for localizing neuropathology and for assessing the genetics of this complex disorder.
Experimental Investigations on Flatness and Subsurface Damage in Lapping of Substrate Wafers: A Literature Review

Lapping is an important material-removal process for manufacturing of substrate wafers. Objectives of lapping include removing subsurface damage in sliced wafers, thinning wafers to target thickness, and achieving desired flatness of wafer surfaces. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted on experimental investigations on lapping of substrate wafers. The review on material removal rate and surface roughness was published as a journal paper. As a follow-up, this paper reviews the literature on flatness and subsurface damage in lapping of substrate wafers. It presents reported experimental results on effects of process parameters on flatness and subsurface damage.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
EXPERIMENTS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSEUDORABIES : II. PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE AMONG MIDDLE WESTERN SWINE AND THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF RATS IN HERD-TO-HERD INFECTIONS.

Study of the pseudorabies virus-neutralizing antibody content of pooled and individual samples of swine serum have led to the conclusion that pseudorabies is a highly prevalent, unrecognized, disease in middle western hogs. It has been shown that wild brown rats develop a fatal infection following ingestion of pseudorabies virus and that their carcasses, in turn, give rise to the disease in swine to which they are fed. It is believed that rats play a role in the epidemiology of porcine pseudorabies, serving as the initial source of infection for a swine herd and also as one means by which virus can be spread from farm to farm in swine herds. The experiments presented furnish further evidence that swine may serve as the source of infection for cattle.