cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assembly of the human T cell receptor-CD3 complex takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves intermediary complexes between the CD3-gamma.delta.epsilon core and single T cell receptor alpha or beta chains.

Functionally mature human T lymphocytes express a cell-surface receptor for antigen (T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3) composed of at least six polypeptides (TCR-alpha and -beta; T3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta). Immature thymocytes and variants of T cell lines lacking one of the TCR.CD3 polypeptide chains fail to express surface receptor and accumulate the other chains intracellularly. Here we show that the assembly of the TCR.CD3 complex within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) began with a core of CD3-gamma, -delta, and -epsilon to which TCR-alpha and -beta bound. A recently described intracellular protein, CD3-omega, participated in the assembly since it was found to be associated with the free TCR-alpha or -beta chains or with the CD3 chains. CD3-omega dissociated as TCR.CD3 complexes were formed in the ER. Association of non-disulfide-linked TCR-alpha and -beta chains with CD3 was detected before that of disulfide-bridged TCR-alpha/beta heterodimers. These data suggest that during assembly, the association of TCR-alpha and -beta chains with the CD3 complex precedes the formation of a TCR-alpha/beta dimer. The existence of intermediates consisting of CD3-gamma, -delta, and -epsilon chains and a single TCR-alpha or -beta chain was also confirmed by using a series of variant T cell lines lacking the TCR-beta or -alpha chain, respectively. Once the single TCR-alpha and -beta chains were associated with CD3, disulfide linkages were formed, and a 70-kDa form of the TCR was detected within the ER. This intracellular precursor of the TCR.CD3 complex was subsequently processed into the mature 90-kDa TCR as the TCR.CD3 complex passed through the Golgi apparatus. Assembly of the TCR.CD3 complex is a rather rapid process, whereas export from the ER occurs at a slow rate. After 1 h, 75% of the receptor complex remained within the ER.
Body composition changes in young women with high resistance weight training.

Abstract We evaluated the effects of high resistance weight training on the body composition of 17 college women. Anthropometric dimensions were assessed by duplicate pre- and posttraining measures of total body potassium (whole body 40K scintillation), 7 skinfold thicknesses, 8 muscular girths, and 4 skeletal diameters. The subjects underwent a comprehensive weight training program for 40 min/session, 3 days/wk, for 9 wk. Significant increases in total body potassium, lean body mass, flexed biceps and forearm girths, and shoulder width resulted from the weight training. Relative fat and chest depth were significantly decreased by the weight training program while skinfold thicknesses and body weight were unaffected. Over the 9-wk training period, a sedentary control group (N = 10) showed no significant changes in any of the parameters measured. The concurrence of our results with those of a recent California study substantiates the contention that high resistance weight training can enhance feminine body...
Avoiding predicate whiplash: social choice theory and linguistic vagueness

Vagueness effects predictably occur in predicates that aggregate judgments along a number of different criteria. With these types of aggregations, small changes along one of the criteria can lead to big changes in the outcome of the aggregation procedure. Vagueness results from avoiding this ‘whiplash’ effect.
Covering by Maximal Tori

In Exercise 4 of Chapter VII one showed that if T is a maximal torus in a matrix group G , then for any x ∈ G , xTx -1 is also a maximal torus. What we prove In this chapter is that if T is our standard maximal torus in one of our connected matrix groups G , then (†) $$G = \mathop \cup \limits_{X \in G} {\text{ }}xT{x^{ - 1}}$$ showing that every element of G lies in at least one maximal torus. To say that \(G = \mathop \cup \limits_{X \in G} {\text{ }}xT{x^{ - 1}}\) is to say that given y ∈ G there exists x∈G such that $$y \in xT{x^{ - 1}}$$ .
Preferential Rearrangements of the VγI Subgroup of the γ‐Chain of the T‐Cell Antigen Receptor to Jγ2Cγ2 Gene Segments in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Transcripts from Normal Donors

To investigate whether there are preferential VJC gene rearrangements of the gamma-chain of the human T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), we amplified and sequenced gamma-chain TCR transcripts from peripheral blood lymphocytes from adult normal donors. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 5' primers specific for either the V gamma I or the V gamma II subgroups of the gamma-chain of the TCR. The amplified cDNAs were then cloned and sequenced. The majority (approximately 83%) of the cDNAs employing V-I subgroup gene segments rearranged to J gamma 2 (J gamma 2.1 or J gamma 2.3) C gamma 2 gene segments. This was in contrast to the predominant rearrangement of the V gamma II subgroup (V gamma 9) to J gamma 1.2C gamma 1. The remaining 13% of the cDNAs employing V gamma I subgroup gene segments rearranged to J gamma 1.1C gamma 1 or J gamma 1.3C gamma 1. There was significant N diversity as well as imprecise joining at the VJ junction. gamma delta TCR utilizing the C gamma 1 gene segment are disulfide-linked, whereas those utilizing the C gamma 2 gene segment are non-disulfide-linked. These results demonstrate that peripheral blood gamma-chain transcripts exhibit preferential rearrangements of V gamma I subgroup gene segments to J gamma 2(2.1,2.3)C gamma 2 gene segments. By contrast, V gamma II subgroup (V gamma 9) transcripts exhibit rearrangements to J gamma 1.2C gamma 1.
Marketing externalities and market development

The authors use survey data from Bangladesh to present empirical evidence on externalities at household level sales decisions resulting from increasing returns to marketing. The increasing returns that arise from thick market effects and fixed costs imply that a trader is able to offer higher prices to producers if the marketed surplus is higher in villages. The semi-parametric estimates identify highly nonlinear own and cross commodity externality effects in the sale of farm households. The vegetable markets in villages with low marketable surplus seem to be trapped in segmented local market equilibrium. The analysis points to the coordination failure in farm sale decisions as a plausible explanation for the lack of development of rural markets even after market liberalization policies are implemented.
Speech enhancement based on temporal processing

Finite impulse response (FIR) Wiener-like filters are applied to time trajectories of the cubic-root compressed short-term power spectrum of noisy speech recorded over cellular telephone communications. Informal listenings indicate that the technique brings a noticeable improvement to the quality of processed noisy speech while not causing any significant degradation to clean speech. Alternative filter structures are being investigated as well as other potential applications in cellular channel compensation and narrowband to wideband speech mapping.
The dynamics of death in melanoma

Background Melanoma has been recently characterized as an over-diagnosed tumor, and some have suggested that the ‘epidemic’ in melanoma is spurious. Nevertheless, a fraction of melanoma patients continue to die of this tumor. For any tumor, the hazard function provides information about the timing and intensity of fatalities, and to examine the details of fatality in melanoma, herein the hazard functions for melanoma are derived and examined. Methods Data for this study came from the SEER data base, from AJCC data and from previously published studies of melanoma, and the hazard function was derived using the sum of two gamma functions and a nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm. Results The derived hazard functions for melanoma peak at 1–3 years, a result that implies a form of rapidly evolving and fatal melanoma that is not consistently identified by routine prognostic factors. Yet in recent years the hazard function for all melanomas has declined suggesting that much of the epidemic in melanoma is due to non-fatal tumors. Conclusion Analyses of the hazard functions in a large number of melanoma patients has uncovered details about the dynamics of death that otherwise are not apparent.
Effects of Climate Variations and Soil Conservation on Sedimentation of a West-Central Oklahoma Reservoir

The effectiveness of soil conservation practices at reducing watershed sediment yield and effect on reservoir sedimentation is generally difficult to quantify. Here, a sedimentation survey of the Fort Cobb Reservoir in west-central Oklahoma and sediment load measurements on contributing tributaries provide an opportunity to address this question. During the second half of the twentieth century, extensive soil conservation practices were implemented on the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed. Sediment and flow observations were made on major tributaries in 1943–1950 (preconservation time period) and again in 2004–2008 (postconservation time period). These data were used to compare watershed sediment yield and reservoir sedimentation during pre- and postconservation periods. Suspended sediment-discharge rating curves were developed for each of the two time periods and used to estimate average annual watershed sediment yield. Initial sediment yield estimates for pre- and postconservation conditions were 254,900 Mg...
Development of a Die Shoulder Force Transducer for Sheet Metal Forming Research

A force transducer has been developed for measuring the tension in a strip of sheet metal as it passes over a die shoulder. This transducer is primarily a research tool. The die shoulder portion of the transducer can be selectively fixed or permitted to roll by contact with the moving strip. Applications of this force transducer are to measure pull force, drawbead restraining force, calculate the average coefficient of friction over the die shoulder, and quantify bending effects. Described in this paper is the development of the force transducer. It is a design based on four webs with strain gages as the transduction elements. It has been built, calibrated, and shown to accurately measure sheet tension in a strip test apparatus before and after the portion simulating the die shoulder. Friction and bending effects are studied from the sheet tensions.
Socialization of Religious Beliefs

Abstract The authors applied Goodnow's 1992 two-step model of intergeneration agreement to parental socialization of religious beliefs. Young adults (18–25 years) completed questionnaires on their religious beliefs and their perceptions of their parents' beliefs, their parents' child-rearing goals and behaviors, and their relationships with their parents. Parents of the young adults answered questions about their own religious beliefs and their child-rearing goals and practices. The relationship between parents' beliefs and young adults' beliefs was mediated by young adults' perceptions of their parents' beliefs. Accuracy of young adults' perceptions of parents' beliefs was related to the degree to which parents' wanted their children to adopt their faith, modeled engagement in religious activities, and used multiple approaches to encourage the development of their children's faith. Young adults' beliefs were a function of parents' beliefs, accuracy of their perceptions of parents' beliefs, and desire to share parents' beliefs.
Self-assembled single-digit micro-display on plastic

We present the design and construction of a micro-display consisting of independently microfabricated light emitting diodes (LEDs) and silicon transistors on unconventional substrates such as flexible plastics. The fabrication process takes advantage of self-assembly to form the display. Silicon microcomponents and AlGaAs red LEDs were microfabricated and released to form a powder-like collection of parts. A plastic template containing binding sites was independently microfabricated. Each binding site on the template consisted of a well with a shape complementary to that of the released component. Self-assembly process was conducted in a fluidic medium to allow the microcomponents to assemble in proper receptor sites on the flexible template. We showed self-assembly of both LEDs and driving circuitry for display on plastic template. We got more than 90% yield for physically positioning the parts on template, with electrical connection yield of 62%.
Ambient aerosols in remote and polluted atmospheres

Abstract Recent research on ambient aerosol composition has been stimulated by the realization that fine particulate matter from air pollution sources can be transported many thousands of kilometers through the troposphere and, if it enters the stratosphere, may remain several years before ultimate removal. PIXE analyses can be used to advantage in investigating the natural state of the atmosphere far from pollution sources and the extent of its modification by anthropogenic releases of aerosols. By means of aerosol samples collected in time sequence and in discrete particle size fractions, and multi-element analysis by PIXE, large data sets can be obtained which permit interpretation by statistical and other approaches. Several representative studies are reviewed.
Upregulation of interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human macrophage cultures by lipopolysaccharide, muramyl tripeptide, and interleukin-1

The tryptophan decyclizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) treated with human recombinant interferon-beta (IFN-beta) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Treated cells exhibited dose-dependent increases in IDO when assayed 48 hr after treatment. Cells exposed to IFN-gamma were observed to exhibit consistently higher peak levels of IDO when compared with cells incubated in the presence of IFN-beta. When IFN-beta-treated cells were incubated in the presence of specified amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide (MTP), peak IDO activity increased such that enzyme activity was comparable to maximal activity observed with IFN-gamma-treated cells. LPS and MTP also upregulated IFN-gamma-mediated IDO activity when suboptimal amounts of IFN-gamma were used. When macrophages were costimulated with various concentrations of human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), along with either maximum-stimulating amounts of IFN-beta or suboptimal amounts of IFN-gamma, IDO activity was upregulated in a manner similar to results obtained using the microbial products as stimuli. While neither IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta was detected in culture supernatants from macrophages treated with either LPS or MTP (alone or in combination with IFN), IL-1 alpha was detected in cell lysates of macrophages treated with these upregulators. Although neutralizing antibody to IL-1 alpha abolished the upregulatory effect of exogenous IL-1 alpha, it had no effect on upregulation by LPS or MTP. This suggests that although LPS and MTP may induce production of cell-associated IL-1 alpha, upregulation of IDO activity by these agents is independent of IL-1 alpha production and may be mediated through distinct pathways.
Dermal Graft Repair of Peyronie’s Disease Complicated by Epidermoid Cyst

A 46-year-old male presented with a history of progressive unilateral penile girth expansion. The area was soft and painless, and the degree of enlargement was unrelated to penile erections. Surgical history was significant for a dermal graft procedure performed elsewhere 2 years previously for erectile curvature due to Peyronie’s disease. The operative note described use of a dermal graft without detailing its harvest and preparation. Physical examination demonstrated a 5 6 cm. lateral penile mass that was soft and nontender (fig. 1, A). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined mass with high intensity signal on T2-weighted imaging and no contrast enhancement (fig. 2). On penile exploration a keratin filled mass with intermingled hair was found (fig. 1, B). Subsequently the keratin was removed and an epidermal layer was identified at the base of the lesion. The epidermis was sharply removed from the underlying dermis. Artificial erection confirmed that the graft was still intact, and the degloved penile skin was then approximated to the mucosal skirt. Two months later the patient had an excellent cosmetic result and denied any change in erectile function.
The Robert Wood Johnson foundation mental health services development program

With annual national health spending already at $400 billion and alarming numbers of chronically mentally ill individuals critically needing multiple services, how does one philanthropic foundation find a way to help?
Rental Price Adjustment and Investment in the Office Market

This study presents estimates of the rental price adjustment mechanism and investment response in the office construction market using data from fourteen cities over the period 1979–1983. Market rents are seen to adjust in response to local as well as national economic conditions. Investment, as measured by building permits, responds strongly to rent in a two-stage regression model, as well as to the long-term growth rate of office employment. Tests for a cobweb-type overreaction by investors do not reveal any cyclical characteristics of the market, indicating that the effects of random demand shocks are not felt beyond the normal construction period.
Optical processing in neural networks

Hybrid neural network hardware and several algorithms that use optical processing at various stages for image processing and pattern recognition are described. The implementations of the algorithms in associative processors, optimization neural networks, symbolic correlator neural networks, production system neural networks, and adaptive neural networks are discussed. Some of the optical processing concepts used in the networks are presented. >
Angular distribution of C60 AND C70 scattered from SiO2, SiC, and Si(100)

Abstract The angular scattering distribution of thermal modulated beams of C60 and c70 from native silicon oxide and SiC formed from the decomposition-reaction of fullerenes with cleaned Si(100) has been measured by a rotating ionizer-electron multiplier combination. On the native oxide the angular distribution was cosine at low temperature (550 K).As the temperature increased, however, a small component of direct-inelastic scattering was detected. The direct-inelastic component increased with temperature up to 850 K. From the distributions, the trapping coefficient as a function of temperature was deduced. Scattering of both c60 and C70 from SiC/Si(100) were cosine independent of surface temperature. For the case of C60, this is due to either the increase in the attractive interaction between C60 and the C70 covered surface or the increased roughness of the SiC/Si(100) surface. For the case of C70, the cosine angular distribution could not be ascribed to the increased attractive interaction.
The Family and Juvenile Delinquency

This paper examines the effect of various “family variables” on the etiology of juvenile delinquency. These self-report data are unique in that they are from reports by parents of their child's beh...
Development and evaluation of a photochemical chamber to examine the toxicity of coal-fired power plant emissions

When investigating the toxicity of individual particle sources, it is important to consider the contribution of both primary and secondary particles. In this article, we present the design of a new photochemical chamber that can be used to form secondary sulfuric acid particles from diluted coal-fired power plant emissions. The chamber is a relatively small, well-mixed flow reactor that can fit in a mobile reaction laboratory. It produces high concentrations of hydroxyl radical (OH) from the photolysis of ozone (O3) in the presence of water vapor. Two chambers were built and tested. A pilot chamber was tested in the laboratory, using mixtures of NO and SO2 in air, at concentrations that are approximately 100 times lower than those in power plant stack emissions. This chamber was able to oxidize about 20% of the SO2, thereby producing 1350 microg m(-3) of H2SO4 particles. Further tests showed that increasing O3 concentrations and residence time increased the H2SO4 production. A field chamber was built subsequently and used in a toxicological study. Diluted coal-fired power plant emissions were introduced in the chamber. Over 19 days of exposure, the chamber, on average, converted 17% of the supplied SO2 emissions and produced an average of 350 microg m(-3) of H2SO4 particles. Particle losses were determined for the pilot chamber, using artificial particles whose size ranged from 50 to 1000 nm. The determined losses ranged from 21 to 42%, with no trend between the amount of particle loss and particle size. Losses for the field chamber, estimated using model calculations, were found to be similar to those of the pilot chamber.
Persistent occupit posterior position: Predictors and outcomes

YVONNE CHENG, BRIAN SHAFFER, AARON B. CAUGHEY, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, California OBJECTIVE: To examine predictors of persistent occiput posterior position at delivery and its associated obstetric outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of 28,884 term, cephalic, singleton births. Persistent occiput posterior (OP) position at delivery was compared to occiput anterior (OA) position. Potential confounders including maternal age, weight, ethnicity, parity, gestational age, anesthesia, induction and length of labor were controlled for using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: In the study population, the overall frequency of persistent OP position was 8.6%, 10.8% in nulliparas and 6.1% in multiparas (P ! .001). When compared to Caucasians, a higher rate of OP was observed in AfricanAmericans (OR= 1.44, P ! .001), while no other ethnic differences were noted. Other positive predictors of OP included increased maternal age, gestational age, and birthweight, as well as nulliparity, artificial rupture of the membranes (AROM), and epidural anesthesia (P ! .001 for all predictors). OP is associated with higher rates of operative deliveries and other peripartum complications (Table). CONCLUSION: Positive predictors of persistent OP position include AfricanAmerican ethnicity, nulliparity, increasing maternal age, gestational age, birthweight, epidural and AROM. Persistent OP is associated with higher rates of perinatal complications. This information can be used to counsel patients in labor regarding these risks.
Life expectancy after total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract A total of 3,807 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) between the years 1970 to 1995 were evaluated for mortality. Patient age groups were designated in 10-year intervals as follows: age 80. The life expectancy estimate of the patients with THA was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and that of the normal population was obtained from standard life-tables. Statistical significance was evaluated using 95% confidence limits. A significant difference in life expectancy was found in patient age groups >60 (61–70, 71–80, >80) demonstrating significantly higher survival rates among THA patients when compared with the normal population.
Controlling high-throughput manufacturing at the nano-scale

Interest in nano-scale manufacturing research and development is growing. The reason is to accelerate the translation of discoveries and inventions of nanoscience and nanotechnology into products that would benefit industry, economy and society. Ongoing research in nanomanufacturing is focused primarily on developing novel nanofabrication techniques for a variety of applications—materials, energy, electronics, photonics, biomedical, etc. Our goal is to foster the development of high-throughput methods of fabricating nano-enabled products. Large-area parallel processing and highspeed continuous processing are high-throughput means for mass production. An example of large-area processing is step-and-repeat nanoimprinting, by which nanostructures are reproduced again and again over a large area, such as a 12 in wafer. Roll-to-roll processing is an example of continuous processing, by which it is possible to print and imprint multi-level nanostructures and nanodevices on a moving flexible substrate. The big pay-off is high-volume production and low unit cost. However, the anticipated cost benefits can only be realized if the increased production rate is accompanied by high yields of high quality products. To ensure product quality, we need to design and construct manufacturing systems such that the processes can be closely monitored and controlled. One approach is to bring cyber-physical systems (CPS) concepts to nanomanufacturing. CPS involves the control of a physical system such as manufacturing through modeling, computation, communication and control. Such a closely coupled system will involve in-situ metrology and closed-loop control of the physical processes guided by physics-based models and driven by appropriate instrumentation, sensing and actuation. This paper will discuss these ideas in the context of controlling high-throughput manufacturing at the nano-scale.
Advertising in dermatology journals: journals' and journal editors' policies, practices, and attitudes.

Background Problems in some advertisements in medical journals, including dermatology journals, have been identified in various studies. Examples have included poorly supported claims, failure to balance claims of efficacy with potential adverse effects of a drug, and slogans that recommend prescribing a drug for groups of patients different from those assessed in a referenced study. Objective We sought to assess dermatology journals' and dermatology journal editors' policies, practices, and attitudes toward prescription-medicine advertising in dermatology journals. Methods We searched dermatology journals' paper copies and World Wide Web sites for statements of advertising policy and sent surveys to dermatology journal editors. Results Of 22 journals, 8 (36.4%) had an advertising policy published in a paper copy or a World Wide Web site. Of 17 editors (70.8%) from 17 journals (77.3%) who responded to the survey, 3 reported having an advertising policy; these policies were also identified in searches of paper copies or World Wide Web sites. Two editors whose journals each had a published policy reported not having one. In all, 7 editors (41.2%) reported that they or other physician members of the editorial board reviewed advertisements before publication in the previous year. A total of 8 editors (47.1%) agreed somewhat or strongly that advertisements in medical journals, including dermatology journals, generally present information that is accurate, and 12 (70.6%) agreed somewhat or strongly with the same statement regarding advertisements appearing in their own journal. In all, 12 editors (70.6%) agreed somewhat or strongly that advertisements should be reviewed for accuracy by the editorial staff before publication, and 3 (17.6%) agreed somewhat or strongly that advertisements should be reviewed for accuracy before publication in a peer-review process similar to that used for submitted manuscripts. Limitations This study did not assess processes by which editors or other members of editorial or publishing staffs review advertisements before publication. Conclusions Policies, practices, and attitudes toward advertising vary among dermatology journals and dermatology journal editors. Journals, especially those without a policy, should consider establishing policies to separate and, therefore, minimize conflicts of interest between editorial and business aspects of publication.
Sex differences in barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents.

Abstract Objective: To examine sex differences in barriers to contraceptive use by using a national sample of 4539 participants from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Study design: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health used a stusdy design in which data from Wave 1 were collected between 1994 and 1995. Participants older than 15 years or sexually active were queried regarding various real or potential barriers to contraceptive use. Results: Boys were significantly more likely than girls to believe that using birth control interferes with pleasure during intercourse, is difficult to obtain, is morally wrong, is expensive, is bothersome, involves too much planning, and makes people think they are seeking sex. Significant differences were observed between boys and girls on a summative barrier scale. Conclusions: Male adolescents held stronger views regarding barriers to contraceptive use. More effective and relevant programming can take place at the school and community levels to address these potential barriers on the basis of sex differences. (J Pediatr 2001;139:689–93)
A developmental perspective on psychotherapy process, psychotherapists' expertise, and “Meaning-Making Conflict” within therapeutic relationships: Part II

Part I—A Dialectical-Constructivist View of Human Development, Psychotherapy, and the Dynamics of Meaning-Making Conflict Within Therapeutic Relationships-reviewed a dialectical-constructivist model of human development and articulated, in the language of that model, how psychotherapy, in general, works. It described and illustrated three generic processes which contribute to the frequent successes of an extremely diverse range of psychotherapy theories and practices. This view of psychotherapy focused on both the client's meaning-making processes and the therapist's meaning-making processes, and how they contribute together to effective psychotherapy. Part I also offered a way of understanding what is going on when therapeutic progress is blocked by conflict between the client's and the therapist's meaning-making processes. Part II—Dialectical, Thinking and Psychotherapeutic Expertise: Implications for Training Psychotherapists and Protecting Clients from ‘Theoretical Abuse’—explores those experiences in which the therapist's exercise of this or her own meaning-making structures, and maintenance of the integrity of his or her theories, has a limiting or destructive impact on the value of therapy to the client. It considers the concept of “theoretical abuse” by psychotherapists as a way of characterizing the most destructive of these experiences. This serves as a rhetorical device for introducing comparisons between these phenomena and the phenomena of sexual abuse by psychotherapists, in terms of dynamics, prevalence, and appropriate strategies for prevention. Part II uses work on the development of dialectical thinking in adulthood to conceptualize how different understandings of the nature of psychotherapists' theories and expertise increase or decrease the likelihood and severity of ‘theoretical abuse’. Finally, it derives implications for training psychologists and other psychotherapy professionals.
Eigen-MINACE filters for detection and clutter rejection

A new way of designing distortion-invariant filters for object detection is described. These filters are linear combinations of eigen-images of preprocessed training data. The joint preprocessing and eigen-image formulation leads to filters with good generalization, clutter rejection and object localization. Test results using these filters for synthetic aperture radar object detection are given. We show that with a systematic procedure to select filter parameters, a 100% detection rate with no false alarms can be obtained.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fracture spacing in layered rocks: a new explanation based on the stress transition

Opening-mode fractures (joints and veins) in layered sedimentary rocks often are periodically distributed with spacings linearly related to the thickness of the fractured layer. To better understand this linear relation, we have investigated the stress distribution between two adjacent opening-mode fractures as a function of the fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio using a three-layer elastic model with a fractured central layer. The results show that when the fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio changes from greater than to less than a critical value (approximately 1.0) the normal stress acting perpendicular to the fractures changes from tensile to compressive. This stress state transition precludes further infilling of fractures unless there are existing flaws and/or the fractures are driven by an internal fluid pressure or other mechanisms. Hence, for fractures driven by tectonic extension, the critical fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio defines a lower limit, which also defines the condition of fracture saturation. The critical value of the fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio is independent of the average strain of the fractured layer, and it increases with increasing ratio of Young's modulus of the fractured layer to that of the neighboring layers. The critical value increases with increasing Poisson's ratio of the fractured layer, and with increasing overburden stress (depth), but it decreases with increasing Poisson's ratio of the neighboring layers. For representative variation of the elastic constants of the fractured layer and the neighboring layers, and overburden stress, the critical fracture spacing to layer thickness ratio varies between 0.8 and 1.2. This range encompasses the often cited spacing to layer thickness ratios in the literature for well-developed fractures sets.
Conversions of phenylalkynylcyclopentanols to α-iodoenones

Abstract N-Iodosuccinimide and catalytic amounts of Koser's reagent react with phenylalkynyleyclopentanols to afford α-iodoenones. No ring expansions occur.
TRACING THE WARM-HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM AT LOW REDSHIFT: X-RAY FOREST OBSERVATIONS TOWARD H1821+643

We present a high-resolution (λ/Δλ ≈ 500) X-ray spectrum of the bright quasar H1821+643 (z = 0.297), obtained in a 470 ks observation with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We search for X-ray absorption by highly ionized metal species, O VII and O VIII in particular, at the redshifts of the six intervening O VI absorption systems known from UV studies. We detect features with 2 σ significance at the predicted O VII and O VIII wavelengths of one O VI system, at the O VII wavelength of a second, and at the Ne IX wavelength of a third. We find two additional features of comparable strength (one O VII and one O VIII) within 1000 km s-1 of the O VI redshifts. The 1 σ constraints on the relative abundances of different species imply significant variations from system to system in f(O ), the fraction of oxygen in the O VI state. The constraints in the two detected O VI systems imply gas overdensities lower than the values δ 100 expected in virialized systems, suggesting that the absorption arises in lower density, filamentary structures. At the 2 σ level, however, the physical constraints are weak, although all of the systems must have temperature T < 106 K to be consistent with upper limits on O VII. If we treat our 2 σ detections of known O VI systems as real, but assume minimal O VII and O VIII in the other systems, we estimate [f(O ) + f(O ) + f(O )]/f(O ) = 32 ± 9 for the average ratio of all highly ionized oxygen species to O VI. Combined with estimates of the total column density of O VI absorption per unit redshift, this ratio implies that the total baryon fraction associated with detected O VI absorbers is Ωb(O ) ~ 0.03 h, a substantial fraction of the baryon density predicted by big bang nucleosynthesis and larger than that associated with stars or with gas detected in 21 cm or X-ray emission. Because of the limited signal-to-noise ratio of the detections, these results must be treated with caution. Nonetheless, the combination of the O VI data with these X-ray forest measurements provides the most direct evidence to date for the pervasive, moderate-density, shock-heated intergalactic medium predicted by leading cosmological scenarios. The high inferred incidence of relatively strong O VII and O VIII absorption implies that some regions of the intergalactic medium are enriched to a level substantially above [O/H] = -1.
Fabrication of Gradient Hydrogels Using a Microfluidics/Photopolymerization Process

A method of fabricating photo-cross-linked hydrogels with gradients of immobilized molecules and crosslinking densities is introduced. Two macromer/initiator solutions are injected into a unique poly(dimethylsiloxane) channel system that produces a prepolymer gradient that is subsequently polymerized into a water-swollen hydrogel with ultraviolet light exposure. The gradient is controlled by the injection flow rate (optimized to 0.3 microL/min per inlet to produce a linear gradient). The technique is investigated both through fabrication of adhesive ligand gradients that modulate spatial distribution of attached endothelial cells and gradients of cross-linking densities that led to unique hydrogel architectures and spatially dependent swelling.
Structural relaxation and embrittlement of Cu59Zr41 and Fe80B20 glasses

Abstract The effect of physical aging at 0.92 Tc, on phase separation, crystallization, distributed shear relaxations, hardness, and strain to fracture was investigated in Cu59Zr41 and Fe80B20 glasses. In Cu59Zr41 glass, aging resulted in phase separation prior to crystallization, rather than the expected polymorphous crystallization. In Fe80B20 in the as-quenched alloys a prominent second-order Curie transition was found at 613 K, which was removed by aging. Apart from a nearly four-fold acceleration of the aging process in Fe80B20 over the Cu59Zr41 alloy, their mechanical responses to the aging were very similar in alterations of the internal friction spectrum, evolution of hardness, and strain to fracture.
Topic Avoidance, Everyday Talk, and Stress in Romantic Military and Non-Military Couples

Relationships are increasingly impacted by military involvement, necessitating a deeper understanding of communication within these couples. This study examined perceptions of everyday talk, topic avoidance, and stress of participants romantically involved with (a) a military partner (n = 118) or (b) a non-military partner (n = 94). Couple types avoided similar topics, but non-military partners avoided these topics more frequently than military partners. Both couple types engaged in everyday talk, but military partners found this communicative exchange to be more important. Non-military partners experienced greater stress than military partners, and communication was predictive of the stress experienced. The results of this study highlight similarities and differences in romantic couples and reveal areas in which relationship education can address these communicative nuances of military couples.
Development of the Isolation Peep in laboratory-bred squirrel monkeys

The development of Isolation Peeps (IP's) was studied in seven laboratory-reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) over the age range of one day to two years. IP's were identified by specified criteria from the wide range of vocalizations recorded and analysed by descriptive and statistical methods. Despite the presence of substantial maturational changes in IP's, the data reveal individuality or vocal signature at all ages tested. Furthermore, the animals had developed by the end of the study unique and stable IP's comparable to those recorded previously from wild-caught adults.
Comparative studies with the Zilber (Carr) strain of Rous sarcoma virus (Z-RSV)

Chikungunya virus-induced chick embryo interferon was found to interfere with Z-RSVin vitro, causing a marked reduction in the number of foci of transformed cells as compared with proper controls. In some cases chick embryo interferon led to a significant inhibition of the replication of Z-RSV, while in other cases it had little effect.
Phorbol Ester Abrogates Up-regulation of DNA Polymerase β by DNA-alkylating Agents in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Abstract Mammalian DNA polymerase β (β-pol), a DNA repair polymerase, is known to be constitutively expressed in cultured cells, but treatment of cells with the DNA-alkylating agents MNNG or methyl methanesulfonate has been shown to up-regulate β-pol mRNA level. To further characterize this response, we prepared a panel of monoclonal antibodies and used one of them to quantify β-pol in whole cell extracts by immunoblotting. We found that treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with either DNA-alkylating agent up-regulated the β-pol protein level 5-10-fold. This induction appeared to be secondary to DNA alkylation, as induction was not observed with a genetically altered cell line overexpressing the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase. We also found that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment of wild type Chinese hamster ovary cells increased expression of β-pol protein (10-fold). Any interrelationship between this TPA response and the DNA-alkylation response was studied by treatment with combinations of MNNG and TPA. The β-pol up-regulation observed with MNNG treatment was abrogated by TPA, and conversely the up-regulation observed with TPA treatment was abrogated by MNNG.
Activation by ATP of a P2U‘nucleotide’ receptor in an exocrine cell

1. We employed the perforated patch whole-cell technique to investigate the effects of ATP and other related nucleotides on membrane conductances in avian exocrine salt gland cells. 2. ATP (10 microM-1 mM) evoked an increase in maxi-K+ and Cl- conductances with a reversal potential of -35 mV. At lower concentrations of ATP ( or = 200 microM). 3. Both oscillatory and sustained responses were abolished by the removal of bath Ca2+. In cells preincubated in extracellular saline containing reduced Ca2+, the application of ATP resulted in a transient increase in current. 4. As increasing concentrations of ATP (and related nucleotides) evoked a graded sequence of events with little run-down we were able to establish a rank order of potency in single cells. The order of potency of ATP analogues and agonists of the various P2-receptor subtypes was UTP > ATP = 2-methylthio-ATP > ADP. Adenosine (1 microM-1 mM), AMP (1 microM-1 mM), alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (1 microM-1 mM) and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP (1 microM-1 mM) were without effect. 5. In conclusion, although unable to preclude a role for a P2Y-receptor, our results suggest that ATP binds to a P2U-receptor increasing [Ca2+]i and subsequently activating Ca(2+)-sensitive K+ and Cl- currents.
OVARIAN HISTOLOGY AFTER TREATMENT OF RATS WITH NORETHYNODREL.

SummaryNorethynodrel caused enlargement of the corpora lutea with cellular hypertrophy and depletion of sudanophilic lipid and cholesterol. These changes appeared to be mediated by the hypophysis through the accelerated secretion of prolactin. On the other hand, ovarian interstitial tissue underwent involution with depletion of sudanophilic lipid and cholesterol. These effects were probably mediated by suppressed secretion of LH by the hypophysis.
Propagator of a particle characterized by an internal symmetry

We examine the propagators associated with particles characterized by an internal symmetry. Of particular interest is the case of spontaneously broken Kac-Moody algebra.
Some properties of uniform step size quantizers (Corresp.)

Some properties of the optimal mean-square error uniform quantizer are treated. It is shown that the mean-square error (mse) is given by the input variance minus the output variance. Furthermore \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty}mse/(\Delta^{2}/12) \geq 1 , where N is the number of output levels and \Delta (a function of M ) is the step size of the uniform quantizer, with equality when the support of the random variable is contained in a finite interval. A class of probability densities is given for which the above limit is greater than one. It is shown that \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty}N^{2} \cdot mse =(b-a)^{2}/12 , where (b-a) is the measure of the smallest interval that contains the support of the input random variable.
LASER ACCELERATED HEAVY-ION PLASMA PROPULSION SYSTEM

The Ultrafast “Laser Accelerated Plasma Propulsion System” LAPPS makes use of lasers with very short pulse lengths to accelerate charged particles to relativistic speeds. Recent experimental data reveal that high intensity lasers are capable of producing collimated, charge-neutral proton beams containing more than 6 x 10 14
Test Series to Investigate Oxidizer Manifold Explosions Induced by Condensing Hydrazine–Monomethylhydrazine

A unique test series is executed to investigate the occurrence of oxidizer manifold explosions in liquid bipropellant thrusters that are induced by condensing hydrazine–monomethylhydrazine fuel vapors generated in the combustion chamber after shutdown. An unlike doublet injector and combustion chamber are connected to an evacuation system for simulation of high-altitude conditions. Chilled N2 gas flows through the oxidizer manifold, rapidly cooling the internal surfaces to simulate the evaporation of nitrogen tetroxide. The chamber is heated above the fuel saturation pressure, whereby a metered quantity of fuel vapor is introduced into the chamber. The vapor is allowed to advect into the oxidizer manifold and reach phase equilibrium at the manifold surface temperature conditions. After a select residence time, the oxidizer is introduced into the manifold, simulating an engine restart. Hypergolic reactions in the manifold are recorded as accelerometer responses. A correlation is developed, showing the rela...
Morality in criminal law and criminal procedure: Principles, doctrines, and court cases

One of the drawbacks of the current era of predominance of Positive Law over Natural law, is that the moral roots of criminal law are all too easily overlooked or even ignored. Yet one should always keep in mind that moral standards (and the related area of Natural Law) historically preceded any type of criminal legislation or judicial decisions. This Note describes some selected aspects of criminal law of the United States (both substantive and procedural), with occasional references to other countries where necessary. Particular attention is focused on criminal law court cases and on how they deal with morality. The author argues that much more attention should be paid to the fundamental relationship between moral values and criminal law.
A SAS macro for statistical power calculations in meta-analysis

Although statistical power is often considered in the design of primary research studies, it is rarely considered in meta-analysis. Background and guidelines are provided for conducting power analysis in meta-analysis, followed by the presentation of a SAS macro that calculates power using the methods described by Hedges and Pigott (2001, 2004). Several detailed examples are given, including input statements and output. Practical issues in the application of power analysis to meta-analysis are discussed. The macro and examples may be downloaded as supplemental materials for this article from brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.