cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matter Oscillations: Neutrino Transformation in the Sun and Regeneration in the Earth

Calculations of neutrino regeneration phenomena in the Earth as well as transformation in the Sun are presented with relevant predictions for several existing and planned neutrino detection experiments. The validity of computational approximations in the solar case is appropriately investigated. Sensitivity of the calculated results to the solar model is noted. Transformation and regeneration phenomena are calculated to result from transmission through the Earth of neutrinos with E(MeV)/..delta..m/sup 2/(eV/sup 2/) in the vicinity of 10/sup 6/ to 10/sup 7/. As a result, large time-of-night and seasonal variations are predicted for various solar-neutrino experiments in this parameter range. Analogous effects are predicted for terrestrial cosmic-ray and accelerator experiments.
Unraveling the structure of 13 Be

Using a simple model for low-lying positive-parity resonances in 13Be as 10Be x (sd)3 and 12Be1p x (sd), I find that the lowest 5/2+ state is predominantly (sd)3. I give predictions for several additional states. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Physics Comments Fortune, H. T. (2013). Unraveling the structure of 13Be. Physical Review C, 87(1), 014305. doi: 10.1103/ PhysRevC.87.014305 ©2013 American Physical Society This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/physics_papers/294 PHYSICAL REVIEW C 87, 014305 (2013) Unraveling the structure of 13Be
Residue Substitutions Near the Redox Center of Bacillus subtilis Spx Affect RNA Polymerase Interaction, Redox Control, and Spx-DNA Contact at a Conserved cis-Acting Element

Spx, a member of the ArsC protein family, is a regulatory factor that interacts with RNA polymerase (RNAP). It is highly conserved in Gram-positive bacteria and controls transcription on a genome-wide scale in response to oxidative stress. The structural requirements for RNAP interaction and promoter DNA recognition by Spx were examined through mutational analysis. Residues near the CxxC redox disulfide center of Spx functioned in RNAP α subunit interaction and in promoter DNA binding. R60E and C10A mutants were shown previously to confer defects in transcriptional activation, but both were able to interact with RNAP. R92, which is conserved in ArsC-family proteins, is likely involved in redox control of Spx, as the C10A mutation, which blocks disulfide formation, was epistatic to the R92A mutation. The R91A mutation reduced transcriptional activation and repression, suggesting a defect in RNAP interaction, which was confirmed by interaction assays using an epitope-tagged mutant protein. Protein-DNA cross-linking detected contact between RNAP-bound Spx and the AGCA element at −44 that is conserved in Spx-controlled genes. This interaction caused repositioning of the RNAP σA subunit from a −35-like element upstream of the trxB (thioredoxin reductase) promoter to positions −36 and −11 of the core promoter. The study shows that RNAP-bound Spx contacts a conserved upstream promoter sequence element when bound to RNAP.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Bladder Cancer Risk in Relation to Active Cigarette Smoking and Household Exposure to Secondhand Cigarette Smoke

Active cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer. Secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke may also contribute to bladder carcinogenesis. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the influence of both active smoking and household exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) on subsequent bladder cancer risk. The study population included persons from two cohorts established from private censuses conducted in Washington County, Maryland, in 1963 (n ¼ 45,749; 93 cases) and 1975 (n ¼ 48,172; 172 cases). Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risk of bladder cancer associated with active and passive smoke exposure in the two cohorts (referent category: never smokers who did not live with any smokers). Current smokers had an elevated risk of bladder cancer in both the 1963 cohort (relative risk (RR) ¼ 2.7, 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.6, 4.7) and the 1975 cohort (RR ¼ 2.6, 95% CL: 1.7, 3.9) after adjustment for age, education, and marital status. Among nonsmoking women, current household SHS exposure was associated with bladder cancer risk in the 1963 cohort (RR ¼ 2.3, 95% CL: 1.0, 5.4) but not in the 1975 cohort (RR ¼ 0.9, 95% CL: 0.4, 2.3). This study further solidifies the evidence that active smoking is causally associated with bladder cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine whether passive smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer. bladder neoplasms; risk factors; smoking; tobacco smoke pollution
Trans-middle temporal gyrus selective amygdalohippocampectomy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in adults: Seizure response rates, complications, and neuropsychological outcomes

Abstract Objective Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (AHC) has evolved to encompass a variety of techniques to resect the mesial temporal lobe. To date, there have been few large-scale evaluations of trans-middle temporal gyrus selective AHC. The authors examine a large series of patients who have undergone the trans-middle temporal gyrus AHC and assess its clinical and neuropsychological impact. Methods A series of 76 adult patients underwent selective AHC via the trans-middle temporal gyrus approach over a 10-year period, 19 of whom underwent pre- and postoperative neuropsychological evaluations. Results Favorable seizure response rates were achieved (92% Engel class I or II), with very low surgical morbidity and no mortality. Postoperative neuropsychological assessment revealed a decline in verbal memory for the left AHC group. No postoperative memory decline was identified for the right AHC group, but rather some improvements were noted within this group. Conclusions The trans-middle temporal gyrus selective AHC is a safe and effective choice for management of medically refractory epilepsy in adults.
Stabilization in the supremum norm of wave PDE/nonlinear ODE cascades

In a recent result we solved the problem of stabilization of the cascade of a wave PDE with a general nonlinear ODE in the H2 × H1 norm of the wave PDE state. In this article we present stability results in the lower C1 × C0 norm for general nonlinear ODEs. In our stability analysis we use arguments based on both Lyapunov functionals and explicit solutions. We specialize our general design for wave PDE-ODE cascades to the case of a wave PDE whose uncontrolled end does not drive an ODE but is instead governed by a nonlinear Robin boundary condition (a “nonlinear spring”). This is the first global stabilization result for wave equations that incorporate non-collocated destabilizing nonlinearities of superlinear growth.
Is Pharmacogenomics Ready for Prime Time

Although there is a large body of data available on clinical and translational pharmacogenomics, the clinical use is still very limited. This editorial will address why the clinical application of pharmacogenomics is not widely adopted and how to promote the use of pharmacogenomic knowledge in clinical practice. Pharmacogenomics has the potential of changing the pipeline model of drug discovery, clinical development, and mass customization marketing. Although there are established techniques for molecular genotyping and phenotyping in major research institutes, the facilities for genetic testing and measurement of drug and its metabolite concentrations are not always accessible in the diagnostic laboratory. What’s more, mutational screening using the current state-of-the-art technology is still laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the lack of adequate education provided to physicians in clinical practice as well as medical students and trainee physicians and it is yet to be incorporated into the curriculum of medical courses worldwide.
Credit risk modeling with affine processes

This article combines an orientation to credit risk modeling with an introduction to affine Markov processes, which are particularly useful for financial modeling. We emphasize corporate credit risk and the pricing of credit derivatives. Applications of affine processes that are mentioned include survival analysis, dynamic term-structure models, and option pricing with stochastic volatility and jumps. The default-risk applications include default correlation, particularly in first-to-default settings. The reader is assumed to have some background in financial modeling and stochastic calculus.
Pathologic gambling and bankruptcy.

Abstract Background Although prior studies have examined rates of bankruptcy in pathologic gambling (PG), there are only limited data regarding the clinical correlates of those with PG who declare bankruptcy because of gambling. Method Five hundred seventeen consecutive subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , PG (54.7% females; mean age 47.6 years) were grouped into 2 categories: those who had (n = 93; 18.0%) and had not (n = 424; 82.0%) declared bankruptcy secondary to gambling. Groups were compared on clinical characteristics, gambling severity (using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling, Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale; Clinical Global Impression—severity scale, and time and money spent gambling), and psychiatric comorbidity. Results Gamblers who had declared bankruptcy were more likely to be single ( P = .004); have an earlier age of problem gambling onset ( P = .032); and have more financial ( P P = .006), marital ( P P P P = .005) and were more likely to be daily users of nicotine ( P = .022). Money spent gambling did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that bankruptcy in PG may be associated with specific clinical differences. Treatment strategies may want to assess bankruptcy status to develop more effective treatments that take account of these clinical differences.
Endothelial cell mechanics are altered in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and collagen vascular disease associated PAH (APAH) are associated with a significant elevation of inflammasome activation and release of IL-1β and IL-6 in patient plasma [1]. We hypothesized that these biochemical changes will affect intercellular force distribution in the constituent endothelial cells. To test this hypothesis, we applied to cultured Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HLMVEC), serum derived from IPAH and APAH patients, and measured subsequent changes in HLMVEC intercellular forces [2]. In comparison to time-matched controls (n=4), HLMVEC monolayers exposed to patient serum (IPAH, n=7, APAH, n=8) were significantly more contractile (average contractile moment per monolayer; control cells = 153.5 + 13.5 pNm, IPAH cells = 222.3 + 9.6 pNm, and APAH cells = 223.8 + 22.8 pNm) and exhibited greater number of intercellular stress hot-spots. Accordingly, we suggest that inflammasome mediated enhancements in endothelial intercellular forces may play an important role in decreased vascular compliance observed in PAH. References: 1Shaik, R.S., Kolliputi, N., Waxman, A.B., Activation of Inflammasome in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010(May);181:A4865. 2Tambe, D.T., Hardin, C., Angelini, T.E., Rajendran, K.,Serra-Picamal, X., Zama, M.,Butler, J.P., Weitz, D.A., Fredberg, J.J.,Trepat, X., Collective Cell Guidance by Cooperative Intercellular Forces. Nature Precedings, 2011. doi:10.1038/npre.2010.5405.1.2010.
Cholera in Nineteenth-Century Europe: A Tool for Social and Economic Analysis

Economists have, in the past generation, become deeply concerned with the problem of economic growth. Of late years, as traditional economic models have demonstrated inadequacies, economists have become increasingly interested in the social and cultural inputs necessary for growth in economic productivity. Human, value-related factors, particularly education, role definition, and the place of science and technology, have taken a place beside the more traditional categories of the economist and economic historian. But these human factors, important though all admit them to be, are, especially in historical contexts, not usually amenable to quantitative methods of datagathering. It is difficult, on the one hand, to evaluate and sample such elusive factors, and on the other hand to define their precise role in social change.
A MIMO feedback control simulator of a diaphragm-type chlorine/caustic electrolyzer

A MIMO feedback control simulator was developed for a diaphragm-type chlorine/caustic electrolyzer. This is a very sluggish nonlinear process with two controlled outputs and two manipulated inputs being considered. The design methodology is presented. Also presented are a set of workable controller settings resulting from the design. Some simulation results employing these settings are presented and discussed. >
Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are related to stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: An intravascular ultrasound study

Objectives We sought to determine the predictors of stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation. Background A number of cases of stent thrombosis have been reported after commercial release of the SES in the “real world,” such that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning. Methods Fifteen patients who developed stent thrombosis after successful SES implantation were analyzed and compared with 45 matched control patients who had no evidence of stent thrombosis. Results Minimum stent cross-sectional area (MSA) (4.3 ± 1.6 mm2vs. 6.2 ± 1.9 mm2, p Conclusions Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are associated with stent thrombosis after successful SES implantation.
Adult Niemann-Pick disease masquerading as sea blue histiocyte syndrome: report of a case confirmed by lipid analysis and enzyme assays.

We present the clinical, pathologic, and metabolic findings of an adult woman with debilitating coronary artery disease and hepatosplenomegaly who was discovered to have multiorgan infiltration by sea blue histiocytes. A diagnosis of sea blue histiocyte (SBH) syndrome was made and no further workup performed. The patient suffered from progressive heart failure and sepsis following coronary artery bypass surgery and died 9 months after presentation. Tissues examined at autopsy showed pronounced infiltrates of both granular sea blue histiocytes and foamy, vacuolated histiocytes, which were morphologically compatible with Niemann-Pick cells. Ultra-structural examination of these cells revealed lamellar myelin-like figures as described in Niemann-Pick (N-P) disease. Fibroblast enzyme assay studies and liver lipid analyses performed after the patient's death revealed pronounced sphingomyelinase deficiency and a lipid profile diagnostic of N-P disease, type B. This case adds further support to the claim that some cases of apparent SBH syndrome actually represent a type of N-P disease.
Depressed mood and major depressive disorder in two ethnic groups

This study examines the relation of depressive mood, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, with major depression, assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Data are from 1244 Mexican American and 1149 non-Hispanic white randomly-selected community residents. Major depression is strongly related to depressed mood, irrespective of the persistence or content of mood, with some components of depressed mood (negative affect and somatic disturbance) more strongly associated with major depression than other components (lack of positive affect and interpersonal problems). Low socioeconomic status and social isolation contribute to depressed mood independent of major depression. Low education is associated with persistent depressed mood. Mexican Americans report more overall depressive mood than non-Hispanic whites, but there is no ethnic difference in major depression or in the mood symptoms most strongly related to major depression. Mexican Americans report more persistent symptoms than non-Hispanic whites in every content category. Ethnic differences in education appear to account for ethnic differences in all components of depressed mood except lack of positive affect, which may be attributable to language differences.
Sex-specific differences in immunological costs of multiple mating in Gryllus vocalis field crickets

Although mating can be costly, most individuals must choose not whether to mate but how many times to mate. This study examined the immunological costs of additional matings once an individual has already mated. Gryllus vocalis field crickets were assigned to mate 5 or 10 times and their immunocompetence probed by measuring their ability to withstand a bacterial challenge by Serratia marcescens, assaying lysozyme-like enzyme activity and phenoloxidase activity, and measuring their success in encapsulating a monofilament implant. Although number of matings generally did not affect the strength of immune responses, females had superior immunity to males in most assays. Females that mated 10 times did, however, have lower lysozyme-like enzyme levels than females that mated 5 times, suggesting that mating can compromise at least one component of female standing immunity. When individuals were allowed to mate ad libitum and their lysozyme-like enzyme activity, phenoloxidase activity, and encapsulation responses measured, there was not a relationship between female mating frequency and lysozyme-like enzyme activity. This result suggests that females may avoid immunological costs of mating by differentially moderating their mating frequency. Key words: encapsulation, Gryllus vocalis, insect immunity, life-history trade-offs, lysozyme, phenoloxidase, polyandry, Serratia marcescens. [Behav Ecol]
Endoscopic Techniques for Small Bowel Imaging

Advances in small bowel enteroscopy have led to an increase in the endoscopic evaluation and management of small bowel disorders. The entire small bowel can now be visualized in a noninvasive manner by capsule endoscopy, while therapeutic management can be performed with deep enteroscopy techniques, including balloon-assisted and spiral enteroscopy. Each of these enteroscopy tools has its unique advantages and disadvantages, which need to be taken into consideration during selection of the appropriate tool. Capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy are often used as complementary tests in the evaluation of small bowel disorders.
DopLink: using the doppler effect for multi-device interaction

Mobile and embedded electronics are pervasive in today's environment. As such, it is necessary to have a natural and intuitive way for users to indicate the intent to connect to these devices from a distance. We present DopLink, an ultrasonic-based device selection approach. It utilizes the already embedded audio hardware in smart devices to determine if a particular device is being pointed at by another device (i.e., the user waves their mobile phone at a target in a pointing motion). We evaluate the accuracy of DopLink in a controlled user study, showing that, within 3 meters, it has an average accuracy of 95% for device selection and 97% for finding relative device position. Finally, we show three applications of DopLink: rapid device pairing, home automation, and multi-display synchronization.
Tests of microstructure reconstruction by forward modeling of high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy data

Verification tests of the forward modeling technique for near-field high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy are conducted using two simulated microstructures containing uniformly distributed orientations. Comparison between the simulated and reconstructed microstructures is examined with consideration to both crystallographic orientation and spatial geometric accuracy. To probe the dependence of results on experimental parameters, simulated data sets use two different detector configurations and different simulated experimental protocols; in each case, the parameters mimic the experimental geometry used at Advanced Photon Source beamline 1-ID. Results indicate that element orientations are distinguishable to less than 0.1°, while spatial geometric accuracy is limited by the detector resolution.
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.

Patients with insulin resistance often manifest increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) along with increased visceral adipose tissue. This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensit...
Blood‐spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury: Relation to revascularization and wound healing

Spinal cord injury produces prominent disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier. We have defined the blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown to the protein luciferase (61 kDa) in the acutely injured murine spinal cord and during revascularization. We show that newly formed and regenerating blood vessels that have abnormal permeability exhibit differential expression of the glucose-1 transporter (Glut-1), and that its expression is dependent on astrocytes. There was overt extravasation of luciferase within the first hour after injury, a period that coincided with marked tissue disruption within the epicenter of the lesion. Although there was a significant reduction in the number of blood vessels relative to controls by 24 hr after injury, abnormal barrier permeability remained significantly elevated. A second peak of abnormal barrier permeability at 3-7 days postinjury coincided with prominent revascularization of the epicenter. The barrier to luciferase was restored by 21 days postinjury and vascularity was similar to that of controls. During wound-healing process, the cord was reorganized into distinct domains. Between 14 and 21 days postinjury, each domain consisted primarily of nonneuronal cells, including macrophages. Astrocytes were limited characteristically to the perimeter of each domain. Only blood vessels affiliated closely with astrocytes in the perimeter expressed Glut-1, whereas blood vessels within each domain of the repairing cord did not express it. Together, these data demonstrate that both injured and regenerating vessels exhibit abnormal permeability and suggest that Glut-1 expression during revascularization is dependent on the presence of astrocytes.
Robust detection of stylized text events in digital video

Automatic content-based video indexing is an important research problem. One approach is to extract text appearing in video as an indication of a scene's semantic content. Most work so far has focused only on detecting the spatial extent of text instances in individual video frames. But text occurring in video usually persists for several seconds. This constitutes a text event that should be entered only once in the video index. Therefore it is necessary to determine the temporal extent of text events by combining the results of text detection on individual frames, over time. This is a nontrivial problem because a text event may move, rotate, grow, shrink, or otherwise change throughout its lifetime. Such text effects are common in television programs and commercials to attract viewer attention, but have so far been ignored in the literature. We present a method for detecting and tracking moving, changing caption text events in MPEG-1 compressed video.
Survey of Today's Use of Power Rectifiers in Industry

This paper has given a thumbnail sketch of today's use of various types of power rectifiers in industry. The picture is broad because it involves so many kinds of rectifiers and types of rectifier equipment, as well as varieties of application. It will be seen that the rectifying devices used for industrial rectifier units (mercury-arc rectifier tubes and semi-conductors) are similar to many of the devices used in electronics and communication, if not in size, at least in principle of operation. Thus the industrial engineer, the user of power rectifier equipment, and the radio engineer, today have a common interest in the science of electronics and electronic circuits. Electronics has provided the vital tool for the development of radio and telecommunication. It has provided for industry a tool which is often superior in performance, simpler in operation, and generally more attractive than other alternative ways of doing the-same job. The greatest strides forward will probably be made in the field of semi-conductors. Germanium may be expected to largely replace mechanical rectifiers and compete seriously with mercury-arc rectifiers up to voltages of about 500 direct current. Silicon metallic rectifiers will very likely prove to supplement but not replace germanium as a useful commercial product.
Transarterial embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: A durable treatment for venous side hemorrhage?

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been occasionally reported to bleed from their venous side. This may particularly be the case when venous ectasias or aneurysms develop in the setting of steno-occlusive venopathy. Venous side hemorrhage should be suspected when the hematoma is centered on the venous pouch or when a venous pseudoaneurysm is identified on angiography. For AVMs with an identifiable point of rupture, early treatment is recommended in an attempt to secure the weak spot and minimize the risk of rerupture. When possible, microsurgical resection is the definitive and preferred treatment. In contrast, because of its latency period, stereotactic radiosurgery does not confer immediate protection in such cases. Endovascular transarterial embolization may offer immediate cure to only a minority of small AVMs, but remains a very useful temporizing strategy for arterial rupture sites such as proximal or intranidal aneurysms, allowing to defer definitive AVM treatment by either microsurgery or radiosurgery to a later stage. However, when the rupture site is venous in location and the AVM cannot be readily cured by either microsurgery because of its location in eloquent brain or embolization because of its large size, protecting patients from early rerupture may become problematic. We propose that, by reducing flow through the AVM, transarterial embolization may lead to secondary thrombosis of venous pseudoaneurysms and confer durable occlusion of these weak spots, pending definitive AVM cure. Therefore, transarterial embolization should be routinely attempted in such difficult-to-manage cases. An illustrative clinical case is presented in support of this hypothesis.
Sprouting side chain conformations in X-PLOR simulations of peptides

A scheme for sprouting peptide side chains using X-PLOR is introduced using an example from the collagen system to show how reasonable starting structures for minimization studies may be created. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Bis(dithiolene) Anions [M(mnt)2]n- (M = Fe − Zn; n = 1, 2): Changes in Electronic Structure with Variation of Metal Center and with Oxidation

A detailed understanding of the electronic structures of transition metal bis(dithiolene) centers is important in the context of their interesting redox, magnetic, and optical properties. The electronic structures of the series [M(mnt)2]n- (M = Fe − Zn; mnt = 1,2-S2C2(CN)2; n = 1, 2) were examined by a combination of photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, providing insights into changes in electronic structure with variation of the metal center and with oxidation. Significant changes were observed for the dianions [M(mnt)2]2- due to stabilization of the metal 3d levels from Fe to Zn and the transition from square-planar to tetrahedral coordination about the metal center (Fe−Ni, D2h → Cu D2 → Zn, D2d). Changes with oxidation from [M(mnt)2]2- to [M(mnt)2]1- were largely dependent on the nature of the redox-active orbital in the couple [M(mnt)2]2-/1-. In particular, the first detachment feature for [Fe(mnt)2]2- originated from a metal-based orbital (FeII → FeII...
Daytime alertness in relation to mood, performance, and nocturnal sleep in chronic insomniacs and noncomplaining sleepers.

Abstract Nocturnal sleep was recorded prior to daytime testing that included the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, profile of mood states, card sorting, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale in 138 volunteers with the complaint of chronic insomnia and 89 noncomplaining sleepers ("normals"). In both groups daytime sleep tendency had no significant linear correlation either with any Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scale or with tension/anxiety and other moods assessed in the morning. In normals, speed of card sorting but not subjective sleepiness tended to correlate with sleep tendency. Given that physiological sleepiness is the most predictable consequence of sleep deprivation in normals, it is particularly interesting that 14% of the insomniac group are chronic insomniacs with no measurable daytime sleep tendency. Despite this lack of sleep tendency during the day, their nocturnal sleep was just as poor as insomniacs with greater daytime sleep tendency. The lack of daytime sleepiness seen in this subgroup may reflect a basic pathophysiological aspect of their insomnia.
Gardona Applied to Woolen Fabric as a Mothproofer During Dry cleaning

Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) applied in drycleaning solvents to woolen cloth satisfactorily protected the cloth against feeding damage by larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.), at deposits as low as 0.08% by weight. Chemical analyses of the treated cloths showed that: (1) calculated and actual deposits of Gardona were similar, indicating that selective sorption of Gardona did not occur, (2) Gardona residues on the cloth samples were not affected by either steam pressing or oven drying, and (3) no residue buildup occurred on the cloths when they were re-treated 3 times during the drycleaning process.
Guideline for Operational Nuclear Usability and Knowledge Elicitation (GONUKE)

Abstract As nuclear power plants undertake main control room modernization, a challenge is the lack of a clearly defined human factors process to follow. To fill in guidance gaps and create a step-by-step process for control room modernization, we have developed the Guideline for Operational Nuclear Usability and Knowledge Elicitation (GONUKE). This approach builds on best practices in the software industry, which prescribe an iterative user-centered approach featuring multiple cycles of design and evaluation. Nuclear regulatory guidance for control room design emphasizes summative evaluation—which occurs after the design is complete. In the GONUKE approach, evaluation is also performed at the formative stage of design—early in the design cycle using mockups and prototypes for evaluation. The evaluation may involve expert review (e.g., software heuristic evaluation at the formative stage and design verification against human factors standards like NUREG-0700 at the summative stage). The evaluation may also involve user testing (e.g., usability testing at the formative stage and integrated system validation at the summative stage). An additional, often overlooked component of evaluation is knowledge elicitation, which captures operator insights into the system. In this paper we outline these evaluation types across design phases that support the overall modernization process. The objective is to provide industry-suitable guidance for steps to be taken in support of the design and evaluation of a new human-machine interface (HMI) in the control room.
Unsteady laminar separation on low-Reynolds-number airfoils

The detailed unsteady separation structure of a lowReynolds-number Eppler 387 airfoil was numerically studied using a time accurate artificial compressibility code. Periodic vortex shedding from the separation was observed in all cases studied. The boundary layer developed into a structure which was reminiscent of a free shear flow, where vortex roll-up and pairing were the dominant features. Although the small-scale turbulence was not modelled in this study, the time-averaged results of global parameter (C, , Cd) and local parameter (C> compared well with the experimental data of McGhee, Walker & Millard [1988]. The time-averaged results exhibited many features of a transitional bubble. namely the nearly stagnant recirculating fluid downstream of the separation point and an abrupt increase of the surface pressure in the reattachment region. This suggests that the unsteady large-scale structure controls the separation on low-Reynolds-number airfoils and small-scale turbulence only plays a secondary role. NOMENCLATURE AOA Angleofattack C Chord length C, Lift coefficient ' d Drag coefficient Ressure coefficient f Shedding frequency R Reattachment point Re Chord Reynolds number S Separation point Sr Strouhal number t time T Dimensionless time (t UJC) U Velocity 6 Momentum thickness Subscripts 00 Freestream conditions =P Conditions at separation C P Research Assistant Assistant Professor, Member AIAA J Copyright 1993 by the American Institute of Aa~nautics 1 and Astronautics, hc. All rights reserved.
Lygus Bug Damage to Table Beet Seed Plants

The possible effect of lygus bug infestations on quantity and quality of developing table beet seeds was investigated by artificially infesting caged portions of plants in the field, each portion being approximately one-third of one plant. The caged parts of bolting plants were exposed to constant numbers of male lygus bugs, Lygus hesperus Knight, with levels of infestation continuously maintained lit 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 bugs per cage for periods of 40 and 42 days. Yield data from two experiments show that average amounts of seed per unit of plant exposed to lygus bugs ranged from 15% to 25% below the yields recovered from control plants. The differences in yields between the portions of infested plants and the controls or between the several levels of infestation were not significant. However, when the yield data from the second of two experiments were corrected for inequalities between caged portions of plants, and computed on a per plant basis, differences between the checks and the several groups of exposed plants appear to be significant. The converted data show that equivalents of 7.5 to 50.7 bugs per plant (or 2 to 16 bugs per cage) reduced seed yield 33% to 44%. The highest level of infestation, 16 bugs per cage, also perceptibly increased the yield of seeds classified as small seeds. Exposure to lygus bugs caused a decrease in the weight of individual seeds of two size categories, those graded as large seeds and as small seeds. The reduction in weight of seeds appeared to be economically important at levels of 8 to 16 bugs per cage (22.8 to 50.7 bugs per plant). The numbers of germinating beet seeds and viable germs per seed were substantially reduced by exposure to lygus bugs in two experiments, decreasing as the number of bugs were increased, and were significantly lower for both the large and small seeds. The decrease in percentage of beet seed viability approached 60% at 8 or 16 bugs per cage. A minimum germination of 85% is needed to produce an adequate number of plants in the field.
Early childhood teachers’ beliefs about readiness for teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics:

The purpose of this study was to examine beliefs of early childhood teachers about their readiness for teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, with a focus on testing for heterogeneity of such beliefs and differential effects of teacher-related factors. The results from latent class analysis of survey data revealed two latent classes of teachers, not known a priori, with significant differences in levels of teachers’ beliefs about readiness to teach science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The teachers’ teaching experience and their awareness of the importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and potential challenges in teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics played a differential role in the classification of teachers into latent classes. In addition, the analysis of two open-ended survey questions revealed several themes in the early childhood teachers’ opinions about early childhood science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ed...
A Cloning-K-means Algorithm Based on Artificial Immune System

A Cloning-K-means Algorithm for cluster analysis is given.The Colonel Selection algorithm based on artificial immune system has strong global search capability and converges to the global optimal solution.In this paper,the K-means operator is added to the Colonel Selection Algorithm and it's used for the individual of the whole group after the individual has been cloned and mutated.From the description of the generation of initial group,the cloning operation,the Mutation operation,the Alternative operation and the K-means operation,an intergraded Cloning-K-means Algorithm is presented.The experiment demonstrates that the problem of the K-means algorithm has been solved and the Cloning-K-means Algorithm is superior to the pure K-means algorithm.
BIG data in Management Accounting

Big data is the new technology wave that has to do with enormous amount of unstructured data triggered by the internet-enabled environment. Management accountants have for long learned to integrate structured, quantitative data. Executive leadership focused on data-driven decision making could facilitate introduction of big data with ease because the appetite to use data is already inherent in the mindset.
Automation in operations management through positive train control: are the deadlines reasonable?

Positive train control (PTC) technology refers to a system of functional requirements for the monitoring and control of train movements to provide increased safety. Once implemented, PTC serves as a set of redundant controls that help ensure safety of its operations and would be systematically activated in the event of operator failure. In response to concerns regarding the safety of commuters, pedestrians, railway workers, and the general public, legislation was passed in 2008 requiring the implementation of PTC technologies for all Class 1 railways across the USA by a deadline of December 31, 2015. The following paper provides background on the topic of train safety, an overview of PTC technologies, as well as the applicable regulation and governance of implementation efforts. This report also discusses the operations management aspects of the design, implementation and ongoing operation of PTC technologies, as well as an update on the current status of implementation activities.
Abstract 684: Targeting an unconventional kinase-invasion axis in breast cancer metastasis

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor survival, metastatic recurrence, increased mortality, and has few viable therapeutic options. Given the high mortality associated with metastasis of this disease, discovery of therapeutics targeting the metastasis axis is imperative. Kinases have been demonstrated to have an essential role in regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in the initiation of cancer metastasis. Elucidating specific signaling pathways that promote EMT has the potential to provide novel targeting strategies in the treatment of TNBC. Here we demonstrate a partially non-selective polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor, GSK346294, is capable of EMT reversal in phenotypically mesenchymal TNBC cell lines, as evidenced by enhanced E-cadherin expression and loss of cellular migration potential. Structurally analogous but highly specific PLK inhibitors did not exhibit similar EMT changes, which led us to investigate off-target kinases inhibited by GSK346294. Follow-up kinase profiling studies revealed members of the NEver-in-mitosis-related Kinase family (NEK5 and NEK9) as additional kinases inhibited by GSK346294, leading us to investigate their individual roles in the progression of EMT. NEK5 overexpression in a non-invasive breast cancer cell line increased both migration and invasion in trans-well assays. Additionally, enhanced NEK5 expression altered the TNBC gene expression profile, enhancing expression of genes associated with growth factor signaling (MET, EGFR) and the mesenchymal gene signature (SLUG, VIM). To date, no studies exist which delineate the regulatory roles of NEK5 and NEK9 in EMT or cellular invasion/motility. Further investigation into the function of NEK5 and/or NEK9 in the metastatic progression may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of TNBC, the implication of which could impact the treatment and management of neoplastic disease and metastasis beyond breast cancer. Citation Format: Margarite D. Matossian, Steven Elliott, Van T. Hoang, Hope E. Burks, Theresa B. Phamudy, Doug Chrisey, William J. Zuercher, David H. Drewry, Carrow Wells, Bridgette Collins-Burow, Matthew E. Burow. Targeting an unconventional kinase-invasion axis in breast cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 684.
Crystallinity, Surface Morphology, and Photoelectrochemical Effects in Conical InP and InN Nanowires Grown on Silicon.

The growth conditions of two types of indium-based III–V nanowires, InP and InN, are tailored such that instead of yielding conventional wire-type morphologies, single-crystal conical structures are formed with an enlarged diameter either near the base or near the tip. By using indium droplets as a growth catalyst, combined with an excess indium supply during growth, “ice cream cone” type structures are formed with a nanowire “cone” and an indium-based “ice cream” droplet on top for both InP and InN. Surface polycrystallinity and annihilation of the catalyst tip of the conical InP nanowires are observed when the indium supply is turned off during the growth process. This growth design technique is extended to create single-crystal InN nanowires with the same morphology. Conical InN nanowires with an enlarged base are obtained through the use of an excess combined Au–In growth catalyst. Electrochemical studies of the InP nanowires on silicon demonstrate a reduction photocurrent as a proof of photovolatic b...
Chapter 10 – Bug reconstruction: beyond libraries of bugs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses bug reconstruction. The chapter presents three additional projects that, in one way or another, shed additional light on important issues centering on the reconstruction of bugs. The chapter presents some research conducted at MIT by Marilyn Matz on the genesis of misconceptions. A rule-based representation of procedures proposed by Richard Young and Tim O'Shea in England as an alternative to procedural networks is also discussed in the chapter. Their scheme has the advantage that distortions of the correct skill diagnosed as bugs have syntactic correspondents in the representation. The chapter also discusses a very different type of diagnostic system designed at CMU by Patrick Langley and Stellan Ohlsson, who apply machine learning techniques to generating student models, and more generally cognitive models, without a preexisting library of bugs. Although theoretical, Matz's study is very relevant. To explain errors in early algebra, she specifies the notion of mislearning using a small number of operators that have the unique feature of connecting the genesis of misconceptions to past knowledge. In a diagnostic system, these operators could be crucial to an evolutionary student model whereby bugs are reconstructed from interactions between new and existing knowledge. Young and O'Shea demonstrate the diagnostic leverage provided by the clever use of production systems to decompose skills into fine­grained components. This results in a representation language with some expressive power for describing the nature of deviations diagnosed as bugs.
Noneconomic and economic benefits of continuing education for dietitians

This research evaluated the expected and actual noneconomic and economic benefits from continuing education as perceived by registered dietitian members of the Kansas Dietetic Association in 1986. A random sample of 180 dietitians was selected from the 550 members of the association; 83.9% of the sample responded to the research questionnaire. Thirteen possible noneconomic or personal benefits and six possible economic or professional benefits were rated on a scale of 1, little or no benefit, to 5, great benefit. The highest ratings on noneconomic benefits were 4.43 expected and 3.95 actual on the benefit of "becoming informed about some subject". On economic benefits, the highest ratings were 4.36 expected and 3.82 actual on "learning recent job knowledge." The overall noneconomic ratings were 2.85 expected and 2.78 actual. On economic benefits, the overall ratings were 3.46 expected and 3.07 actual. Dietitians ranked "expertise of instructors" and "instructor's ability to explain or demonstrate" as the two highest perceived strengths of the continuing education experience. Obviously, the instructor is viewed as an important factor in continuing education. Dietitians rated their degree of participation in continuing experiences in the following descending order: "contributing to the evaluation process", "sharing experiences with others," and "developing goals and ideas."
Using Video Games to Crowdsource Scientific and Intellectual Work: Book Review: 'Knowledge Games' by Karen Schrier

This review examines Karen Schrier's new book, Knowledge Games, which forwards a platform and a rhetoric for thinking about, discussing, and developing a new breed a video games. These emerging "knowledge" games promise to enculturate players into scientific and intellectual communities, using their gameplay to actually help solve real-world problems and to generate knowledge. Schrier's infectious passion and easy-to-read style make her book an excellent point for teachers, students, researchers, and designers to learn about affordances and constraints of these potentially world-changing games.
Home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) : Patients cognitive performance and skills at setup

Rationale: Patients need to acquire specific skills for the use of home NIV. No study as yet described the cognitive performance of patients at NIV setup. There is a lack of data of patients9 skills on their use of NIV. Aim: To assess the cognitive performance and patients9 skills at NIV setup and their consequences in adherence. Methods: Prospective audit conducted in Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, London from 02/2015 and 12/2015 including all patients admitted for home NIV setup and expected to be independent in its use. Assessments were: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), education level and visual analogue scales to assess patients own understanding and skills. They were performed at NIV setup and at 6 weeks follow-up. Results: 104 patients completed follow-up. Mean age was 62±15 years-old, mean BMI was 35±11kgm/ 2 . Underlying disease was obesity hypoventilation syndrome (n:37), COPD-OSA (n:28), neuromuscular/chest wall diseases (n:15), COPD (n:13), OSA (n:11). At baseline: MOCA was 22.3±0.5 and IADL was 5.7±2.2. 45 (43%) patients left school at 16 years-old. Patients9 understandings and self-perceived skills are summarised in figure 1. At follow-up, mean use of NIV was 4.5±3.4 hours/day and MOCA improved by 2 (p Conclusion: Patients admitted for NIV setup have low cognitive performance and independence level. NIV training should be adjusted to patient9s cognitive level.
Analysis of tolerance for manufacturing geometric objects from sensed data

Abstract In this work we address the problem of manufacturing machine parts from sensed data. Constructing geometric models for the objects from sense data is the intermediate step in a reverse engineering manufacturing system. Sensors are usually inaccurate, providing uncertain sense information. We construct geometric entities with uncertainty models for the objects under consideration from noisy measurements and proceed to do reasoning on the uncertain geometries, thus, adding robustness to the construction of geometries from sensed data.