cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward Predictable Biological Control of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Infesting Greenhouse Cut Chrysanthemums

Implementation of augmentative biological control is often hindered by the inability to obtain accurate information on natural enemy release rates that will ultimately yield a salable crop within economic constraints. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a computer model that attempts to predict augmentative releases of the parasitoid Diglyphus begini (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to use for biological control against the serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) infesting greenhouse-grown cut chrysanthemums. The model attempts to determine the appropriate release rate necessary to reduce leafminer densities below 1 larvae per 1,000 chrysanthemum leaves within 40 d after planting, after which time aesthetically important foliage forms on chrysanthemums. In the construction of this deterministic model, three simplifying assumptions have been made: (1) there is no insect movement between the greenhouse and outside, (2) greenhouse temperatures are a constant 27°C, and (3) the greenhouse represents a homogeneous environment. Model simulations indicated that successful biological control was unlikely when parasitoid releases are initiated later than 14 d after planting regardless of the release rate. The simulations also demonstrated that D. begini release rates are not linearly related to L. trifolii densities, and that a parasitoid release strategy is not simply the determination of a proper wasp/leafminer ratio. Validation studies of the model's predictions provided mixed results. Following the release rates generated by the model, L. trifolii larval densities were not significantly greater than I per 1,000 leaves 40 d after planting. However, the model did not always track the succession and magnitude of leafminer population fluctuations with statistical accuracy. Two factors probably contributed to these errors in prediction: (1) the assumptions inherent to the model were not met during the validation trials, and (2) the leafminer subroutine of the model could not accurately predict L. trifolii densities in the absence of D. begini . In spite of these errors, leafminer damage to the harvested foliage was significantly lower in the treatments receiving D. begini releases than in the control treatments. In addition, when the model was tested in a commercial cut chrysanthemum greenhouse, L. trifolii was successfully controlled by releases of D. begini , resulting in the production and harvest of a salable cut chrysanthemum crop without the use of any pesticides. Finally, postvalidation reconstruction of the model, to include temperature-dependent variation in life history parameters, increased the predictive power of the model.
Functional, organizational, and biochemical analysis of actin in hyphal tip cells of Allomyces macrogynus

The actin cytoskeleton in hyphal tip cells of Allomyces macrogynus was detected using an actin monoclonal antibody and analyzed with microscopic and protein electrophoresis techniques. Indirect imm...
SIGGRAPH 2004

SIGGRAPH 2004Conference: August 8-12, 2004Exhibition: August 10-12, 2004Los Angeles Convention CenterLos Angeles, CA, USA
Breeding of rice near isogenic lines of TGMS and CMS and their comparison of combining ability

By using thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS)lines Pei′ai 64S and 6311S as recurrent parent to cross a maintainer-line Xinxiehuang B,two near-isogenic cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines Pei′ai 64A and 6311A were developed by backcrossing and test-crossing to kick out of Rf(restoring fertility)-genes and TGMS-genes in this study.And then,incomplete diallel crosses of 4 near-isogenic lines×6 restorer lines were conducted to study the difference of the combining ability between TGMS-lines and near-isogenic CMS-lines.The results were as follows.In 7 agronomic characters(plant height,days to heading,length of flag-leaf,length of panicle,length of enclosed panicle,spickelets per panicle and sterility),TGMS-lines were similar to their near-isogenic CMS-lines but were distinct from their near-isogenic CMS-lines in three characters of pollen,stigma length and outcrossing rate.In yield and the other agronomic characters,the combining ability of Pei′ai 64S and its′near-isogenic CMS-line Pei′ai 64A was remarkably different from that of 6311S and its′near-isogenic CMS-line 6311A but the combining ability of the two TGMS-lines was similar to that of their near isogenic CMS-lines,suggesting that TGMS-lines and their near-isogenic CMS-lines in the same genetic background had the same combining ability.
Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Granules and Boiling Prescriptions of Xiaoerpingchuan

Objective To compare the anti-inflammatory effects of different dosage forms of Xiaoerpingchuan. Methods Animal models such as mice ear-swelling induced by Dimethylbenzene, rat hindpaw edema elicited by Carrageenan, rat granuloma provoked by cotton-ball and animals were prepared for observing the anti-inflammatory effects of granules and boiling prescriptions of Xiaoerpingchuan. Results Granules prescription inhibited inflammation in all the models, boiling prescription inhibited the inflammatory action only in the model of rat hindpaw edema. Conclusion Both granules and boiling prescriptions of Xiaoerpingchuan had anti-inflammatory effects, and the former was better than the lattern in some experiments.
WASTE MANAGEMENT – REVERSE LOGISTICS THAILAND PREPARING FOR ASEAN

With the Advent of ASEAN municipal solid waste (MSW) is estimated to increase 2-4% per year benchmarking waste management practices becomes of interest for the partner countries. This study surveyed logistics professionals from various parts ofThailandto obtain their feedback regarding waste management practices in their specific geographic location in terms of collection, transportation and disposal of the household and commercial waste.Refuse is collected in containers of various shapes and sizes ranging from baskets to metal and plastic garbage tons and dumpsters. The garbage truck size and type varies throughout Thailand but is more or less consistent within a municipality, rear loading with a crew of four including driver appears to be the standard, with sorting of garbage taking place at the truck at time of collection.
Pelvic Lipomatosis: 35-Year Experience

From 1950 through 1985, 18 patients 26 to 65 years old (mean age 44.5 years) presented with pelvic lipomatosis. Followup ranged from 6 months to 17 years, with a mean of 7.5 years. Of these 18 patients 16 (89 per cent) are alive, 1 (6 per cent) died of uremia and 1 (6 per cent) was lost to followup after 6 months. During this period 7 patients (39 per cent) required operative procedures for urinary obstruction. Although pelvic lipomatosis is a benign proliferation of fat in the true pelvis that is known to lead to urinary tract, fecal and even vena caval obstruction, it also may remain dormant and cause no significant symptoms for many years.
GroupBased BCUExit Method

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Group-Based Verification Scheme Linear and Nonlinear Relationships Group-Based BCU-Exit Point Method Numerical Studies Concluding Remarks
First principles and experimental studies of empty Si46 as anode materials for Li-ion batteries

The objective of this investigation was to utilize the first-principles molecular dynamics computational approach to investigate the lithiation characteristics of empty silicon clathrates (Si46) for applications as potential anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The energy of formation, volume expansion, and theoretical capacity were computed for empty silicon clathrates as a function of Li. The theoretical results were compared against experimental data of long-term cyclic tests performed on half-cells using electrodes fabricated from Si46 prepared using a Hofmann-type elimination–oxidation reaction. The comparison revealed that the theoretically predicted capacity (of 791.6 mAh/g) agreed with experimental data (809 mAh/g) that occurred after insertion of 48 Li atoms. The calculations showed that overlithiation beyond 66 Li atoms can cause large volume expansion with a volume strain as high as 120%, which may correlate to experimental observations of decreasing capacities from the maximum at 1030 mAh/g to 553 mA h/g during long-term cycling tests. The finding suggests that overlithiation beyond 66 Li atoms may have caused damage to the cage structure and led to lower reversible capacities.
Autotraducción y movimiento: ¿rumbo al sur, deseando el norte?

Desde que la maldicion divina termino con la torre de Babel, los seres humanos hemos estado condenados al destierro por el planeta y a la confusion linguistica – al menos asi lo afirma el Genesis. Una exegesis libre del mito biblico relaciona un tipo de movimiento (el fisico) con otro tipo de movimiento (el linguistico): la translacion por el globo trae consigo la necesidad de traduccion, esto es, de translacion entrelenguas. Las paginas que siguen tratan de mostrar como translacion fisica y translacion linguistica se entrelazan en un texto literario de estatus peculiar: la autotraduccion.
Total lumbar facetectomy without fusion: short and long term follow-up in a single surgeon series.

AbstractBackground: Total lumbar facetectomy may be advantageous for exposure or to completely free a constricted nerve root.Objective: We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon series without fusion for short and long term outcomes regarding radicular pain relief, subsequent relevant surgeries, and any identifiable instability.Methods: All operations in which a single, total lumbar facetectomy was performed were reviewed. A total of 222 patients were identified with a minimal follow-up of 3 months; 187 (84.2%) were available for long term follow-up ≥1 year by continued accessible health care records, correspondence, or mailed questionnaire.Results: Short term success (3-month follow-up) for radicular pain relief in 222 patients found the following results: 176 patients (79.3%) had no pain or minimal pain, and 16 patients (7.2%) were improved, and thus resulting in 192 (86.5%) with no pain, or improved radicular pain. 30 patients (13.5%) were postoperative failures at 3 months. Long term follow-up ≥1 y...
Attribute-Level Satisfaction, Overall Customer Satisfaction, and Performance Outcomes in Business-to-Business Firms

Scholars have used the attribute-based model of overall satisfaction extensively in consumer markets. Yet, business-to-business (B2B) firms also strive to improve overall satisfaction and financial performance by improving satisfaction on key attributes. We develop an attribute-based model to link attribute-level satisfaction to overall customer satisfaction and its downstream outcomes, specifically loyalty intentions and financial performance in B2B firms. The key contributions of this research are to identify and validate four key strategic attributes used in B2B markets (i.e., quality, pricing, safety, corporate social responsibility), and to empirically test the attribute-based model of satisfaction. While extant research has primarily focused on negative asymmetry (i.e., losses loom larger than gains) in how the attributes are associated with overall satisfaction, our results also demonstrate complete symmetry and positive asymmetry. Moreover, our results offer insights into the role of safety and corporate social responsibility, two key attributes in B2B settings. Finally, we show that overall customer satisfaction not only affects behavioral intentions (repurchase intention, recommend intention, and positive word-of-mouth), but also affects short- and long-term financial outcomes (sales revenue, gross margin, Tobin’s q), which has implications for resource allocation across key attributes.
Democracy in Latin America: “Minimalist” in Concept and in Achievement

This essay reviews the following works: Reflections on Uneven Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O’Donnell. Edited by Daniel Brinks, Marcelo Leiras, and Scott Mainwaring. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. Pp. viii + 422. $34.95 paper. ISBN: 9781421414607 . Problems Confronting Contemporary Democracies: Essays in Honor of Alfred Stepan. Edited by Douglas Chalmers and Scott Mainwaring. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012. Pp. xii + 487. $75.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780268023720. The Resilience of the Latin American Right. Edited by Juan-Pablo Luna and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 377. $34.95 paper. ISBN: 9781421413907. Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall. By Scott Mainwaring and Anibal Perez-Linan. Pp. xiv + 353 pages. $35.99 paper. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. ISBN: 9780521152242. Democracy in Latin America: Between Hope and Despair. By Ignacio Walker. Translated by Krystin Krause, Holly Bird, and Scott Mainwaring. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 262. $38.00 paper. ISBN: 9780268019723.
Waivers, Exemptions, and Prosecutorial Discretion: An Examination of Agency Nonenforcement Practices

Agency nonenforcement is an increasingly important aspect of administrative law. Although nonenforcement is often beneficial (or, in any event, inevitable in light of resource restraints), like other forms of administrative discretion, it can be abused. Indeed, nonenforcement raises difficult questions about administrative regularity and fairness. The Administrative Conference of the United States has commissioned this Report to examine agency nonenforcement of otherwise applicable legal provisions. In particular, this Report’s purpose is to investigate waivers and exemptions, as well as the related concept of prosecutorial discretion. The analysis is intended to be both conceptual and empirical, and to be driven by a very practical goal: identifying ways to improve the nonenforcement process. Accordingly, this Report develops a taxonomy of nonenforcement, presents novel empirical data about the nonenforcement practices of a number agencies, and offers recommended best practices.
Spatial effects - site-specific regulation of actin and microtubule organization by septin GTPases.

The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons comprise a variety of networks with distinct architectures, dynamics and protein composition. A fundamental question in eukaryotic cell biology is how these networks are spatially and temporally controlled, so they are positioned in the right intracellular places at the right time. While significant progress has been made in understanding the self-assembly of actin and microtubule networks, less is known about how they are patterned and regulated in a site-specific manner. In mammalian systems, septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins that multimerize into higher-order structures, which associate with distinct subsets of actin filaments and microtubules, as well as membranes of specific curvature and lipid composition. Recent studies have shed more light on how septins interact with actin and microtubules, and raised the possibility that the cytoskeletal topology of septins is determined by their membrane specificity. Importantly, new functions have emerged for septins regarding the generation, maintenance and positioning of cytoskeletal networks with distinct organization and biochemical makeup. This Review presents new and past findings, and discusses septins as a unique regulatory module that instructs the local differentiation and positioning of distinct actin and microtubule networks.
Experiences of women in Ireland who accessed abortion by travelling abroad or by using abortion medication at home: a qualitative study

Background The Republic of Ireland has one of the world’s most restrictive abortion laws, allowing abortion only to preserve a pregnant woman’s life. We examined the impact of the law on women’s options for accessing abortion, their decision-making regarding whichpathway to follow, and their experiences with their chosen approach. Methods We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 38 women who had either travelled abroad to access abortion in a clinic or had self-managed a medical abortion at home using online telemedicine, between 2010 and 2017. We coded interview transcripts according to an iteratively developed coding guide and performed a thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results We identified four key themes: (1) self-managing a medical abortion at home using online telemedicine can be a preference over travelling abroad to access abortion services; (2) regardless of the pathway chosen, women experience a lack of pre- and post-abortion support in the Irish healthcare system; (3) feelings of desperation while searching for safe abortion care can lead to considering or attempting dangerous methods; and (4) Irish abortion law and attitudes have impacts beyond physical health considerations, engendering shame and stigma. Conclusions Despite the country’s restrictive abortion law, women in Ireland do obtain abortions, using methods that are legal and safe elsewhere. However, the law negatively impacts women’s ability to discuss their options with their healthcare professionals and to seek follow-up care, and can have serious implications for their physical and emotional health. This study’s findings provide evidence to inform public and policy discourse on Ireland’s abortion laws.
PHRM-02. DELIVERY OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS TO PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS USING CITRATE-CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Medulloblastomas and gliomas account for nearly 28% of primary tumors and about 80% of malignant tumors in children. Many of the chemo-drugs that are found effective in killing tumor cells perform well in laboratory settings but fail to cross the blood-brain barrier in humans in direct clinical applications. This problem is overcome by using carriers which could deliver the drugs across the blood-brain barrier. To increase the efficacy of drugs in targeting different tumors, different nanoparticles have been used as carriers in the recent past. Some drugs, including AZD-1775 and Gemcitabine, have been shown by researchers to be effective in multiple brain tumors but have not been adequately utilized alone and/or in combination in pediatric brain tumor patients. In our study, we have conjugated AZD-1775 and Gemcitabine to citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Cells have been treated with a drug alone, or AuNP alone and AuNP conjugated with drugs for 72 hours. Cell viability assays, cell cycle analysis and western blotting have been used to evaluate the delivery of drug to cells. Both the drugs and their AuNP-conjugates inhibited the growth of cells tested. AuNPs conjugated with the drugs showed more effective delivery of the drugs to cells than drugs alone at the same concentrations, as measured by tumor cell growth. Also, our initial in vivo study shows prolonged survival of mice bearing brain tumors treated with AuNP-conjugated AZD-1775 than those treated with AZD-1775 alone. These results confirm that AuNPs are a suitable platform to deliver chemotherapeutics to brain tumors.
Evaluating Storm Water Management Model Accuracy in Conditions of Mixed Flows

Stormwater systems, while designed to operate in free surface flow conditions, can undergo transition to pressurized flows during rapid filling conditions wher…
Preventing Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension

Strategies to delay progression of established renal disease have primarily been directed at examining the class of antihypertensive therapy and/or the level of blood pressure control. In diabetic renal disease many trials have noted a protective role of ACE inhibitor-based therapy over non-ACE inhibitor-based therapy. This paper reviews recent clinical trials evaluating hypertension-related kidney disease including the interim results of the African-American Study of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension (AASK) Study, to date the largest prospective study of African-American patients with kidney disease due to hypertension. This trial reports a renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor-based therapy over calcium-channel antagonist- based therapy. The renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor-based therapy may, in part, be due to their antiproteinuric effect independent of blood pressure lowering.
Controlled Flowering of Herbaceous Perennial Plants

We have determined the juvenility, cold (vernalization), photoperiod, and cultural requirements necessary to flower many herbaceous perennials on specific dates and at specified sizes. We identified the long-day (LD) requirement by conducting critical photoperiod experiments in which critical photoperiod is defined as the photoperiod that elicits a complete, rapid, uniform flowering response in a population. The LD requirement for all herbaceous perennials tested can be met by either a continual photoperiod of 16 hours or more, or by four hours of light as an interruption in the middle of the night. Nightinterruption lighting for two hours is adequate for rapid, uniform flowering in some species. Incandescent, cool-white fluorescent, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium lamps effectively promote an LD response; differences among the irradiance levels required for flower induction are horticulturally insignificant. To maintain vegetative growth on quantitative and qualitative LD species, photoperiods should be 10 hours or fewer.
Light spectral and thermal properties govern biomass allocation in tomato through morphological and physiological changes

Abstract We investigated the effects of light spectral and thermal properties on biomass allocation among vegetative and reproductive structures in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Merlice’) plants during growth and development and to determine its underlying mechanisms. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under a DLI of 3.4 mol m2 day−1 with/without supplemental lighting and a 16-h photoperiod, provided at equal photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD of 230 μmol m‒2 s‒1 either from overhead high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps or intracanopy light-emitting diode (LED) arrays: red light alone (R100; 100% of photosynthetically active radiation (%PAR)), red plus low far-red (R100+FR21), red plus high far-red (R100+FR41), and red plus blue (R61+B39). Supplemental lighting substantially increased total biomass and fruit yield, but to a greater extent by LED lighting regardless of spectrum. However, spectral contribution to leaf morphological traits and biomass allocation pattern varied greatly among the light treatments. HPS-supplemented plants had higher leaf temperature, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and transpiration rate (E) in the upper foliar canopy (161 to 240 cm from the base of the shoot) and contained higher water content in all tissues, particularly in roots by 2-fold, compared to LED-supplemented plants. They also had thinner, smaller leaves and allocated a higher fraction of total biomass to vegetative tissues, demonstrating their allocation strategies for effective transpiration and heat dissipation. Meanwhile, LED-supplemented plants allocated biomass preferentially to reproductive structures at the expense of vegetative tissues. Inclusion of higher FR or B with R light decreased leaf biomass fraction relative to total biomass but increased leaf dry mass and leaf thickness. Particularly, supplemental FR light significantly lowered the water content of leaves and fruits compared to B light. Long-term exposure of tomato plants to low R:FR was associated with reductions in leaf area, chlorophyll content, and vegetative shoot biomass fraction, increases in leaf thickness and fruit biomass, and acceleration of flowering and fruiting. Light-induced biomass allocation changed between vegetative and reproductive structures during plant growth and development. FR light had the most pronounced effect in this regard by significantly shifting dry-mass accumulation to fruits, via more efficient photosynthetic mechanisms and conserved water use. We conclude that light spectral and thermal properties affect biomass allocation among plant parts during tomato growth and development, and such responses involve morphological and physiological changes in tomato plants, ultimately affecting crop performance and yield.
What Are Important Ethical Implications of Using Facial Recognition Technology in Health Care

Applications of facial recognition technology (FRT) in health care settings have been developed to identify and monitor patients as well as to diagnose genetic, medical, and behavioral conditions. The use of FRT in health care suggests the importance of informed consent, data input and analysis quality, effective communication about incidental findings, and potential influence on patient-clinician relationships. Privacy and data protection are thought to present challenges for the use of FRT for health applications.
A Note on Jing and Li’s Type $$\varvec{B}$$ B Quasisymmetric Schur Functions

In 2015, Jing and Li defined type B quasisymmetric Schur functions and conjectured that these functions have a positive, integral and unitriangular expansion into peak functions. We prove this conjecture, and refine their combinatorial model to give explicit expansions in monomial, fundamental and peak bases. We also show that these functions are not quasisymmetric Schur, Young quasisymmetric Schur or dual immaculate positive, and do not have a positive multiplication rule.
Lighting Effects on Older Adults’ Visual and Nonvisual Performance: A Systematic Review

Lighting plays an important role in daily life: It helps people perform daily activities independently and safely, and also benefits their health. This study assesses the research evidence of light...
Molecular Orientation Dynamics in Gels and Critical Mixtures

We have used pulses from a passively mode-locked dye laser (~1 psec, 5 kW) to study the reorientation of dye molecules dissolved in gelatine gels of concentrations from 2% to 10% gelatine. We have also used the Kerr effect to measure orientational dynamics of nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) near the consolute critical point with n-hexane (C6H17). These measurements determine the local viscosity and interstitial pore size in the gel and the effect of critical fluctuations on molecular reorientation in binary critical mixtures.
Unique Reconstruction of Coded Sequences from Multiset Substring Spectra

The problem of reconstructing strings from their substring spectra has a long history and in its most simple incarnation asks for determining under which conditions the spectrum uniquely determines the string. We study the problem of coded string reconstruction from multiset substring spectra, where the strings are restricted to lie in some codebook. In particular, we consider binary codebooks that allow for unique string reconstruction and propose a new method, termed repeat replacement, to create the codebook. Our contributions include algorithmic solutions for repeat replacement and constructive redundancy bounds for the underlying coding schemes. The study is motivated by applications in DNA-based data storage systems that use high throughput readout sequencers.
Three-button gateway smart home interface (TrueSmartface) for elderly: Design, development and deployment

Abstract With the growing age, the older adults experience gradual health, physical as well cognitive, declining. Oftentimes, the degree of developed health concerns is severe enough for the inevitable need of most likely a permanent caregiver or resource-rich but overly expensive assisted or nursing facility. The increasingly technical richness of the science advancements helps elevate at least most aspects of human life and the existence of smart home is one such outcome that has attained popularity, maturity and acceptability over the short period of time, especially in the communities of seniors, where it promises them an independent daily living. The smart home is an intelligent, technical, and automated cyber-physical infrastructure, which consists of a number of appliances and devices embedded or attached in physical environment. Some of them will be contextually-triggered, however, there is also a potential need for an efficient interface (graphical or non-graphical) to operate some. The design of such graphical interfaces is not so rudimentary, rather ought to be a comprehensive human-centered design that imposes very minimal physical and cognitive stress on a senior inhabitant. In this research work, we design and develop one such graphical interface (apt for desktop, laptop and mobile devices), which is based on some newly devised hypotheses, validated through literature and informal surveys. At every stage of the design, a three-button constraint is precisely persevered and the interface is successfully deployed into the Smart Home Lab at Iowa State University.
Monolithic 3-D Integration

The demands of future applications in computing (from self-driving cars to bioinformatics) overwhelm the projected capabilities of current electronic systems. The need to process unprecedented amounts of loosely structured data is driving the push for ultradense and fine-grained integration of traditionally off-chip components (e.g., sensors, memories) with energy-efficient computation units—all within a single chip. Monolithic 3-D integration is a leading approach for building such future systems, as it naturally enables ultradense connectivity between various heterogeneous technologies inside a single chip. This article discusses exciting recent progress toward realizing monolithic 3-D systems and elucidates key benefits that these new systems offer. Monolithic 3-D integration promises to enable the next wave of gains in performance (both energy and speed) for coming generations of applications as well as provides the means for developing rich additional functionalities such as sensing-immersed-in-computation that lie beyond the scope of traditional computing today.
Mount Etna and the 1971 eruption - Oxygen and sulphur fugacities of magmatic gases directly measured in active vents of Mount Etna

Solid-electrolyte sensors were used to measure the oxygen and sulphur fugacities of magmatic gases in vents located at an elevation of about 3170 m on the northeast flank of the NE crater of Mt Etna in July 1970. The temperature of the gas ranged from 773 to 1057 °C. The least-squares fit of 13 measured lgfo2 values yielded the relation: lg/o2 (atm) = 2.175- 15110/T (K), which gives values of 0.9 to 2.2 lgfo2 units higher than those obtained in the Makaopuhi lava lake, Hawaii, within the temperature range measured, the difference increasing with decreasing temperature. Laboratory study of a water-quenched sample of the Etna lava and calculations of gas equilibria indicate that the difference is due partly to the intrinsically higher f 02 of the Etna magma and partly to the mixing of air with the Etna gases. The measured j^2 value was 10-2 4 atm at 860 °C.
Fundamental Principles of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Protein Adsorption to Material Surfaces.

Protein adsorption is important for essentially any process that involves the contact of a protein-containing solution and a material surface, with the resulting formation of the adsorbed layer of protein determined by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the system involved. This paper presents an overview of the fundamentals of these processes. First, the hierarchical structure of proteins and the types of bonding that stabilize a protein’s native-state structure are presented. This section is then followed by a section presenting the thermodynamic driving forces that influence the way that proteins adsorb and conformationally change for three characteristically different types of surface chemistries: nonpolar (hydrophobic) surfaces, neutral hydrophilic surfaces, and charged surfaces. The final section of this paper addresses how kinetics and thermodynamics combine together to influence protein adsorption behavior, followed by concluding remarks.
A decision-support tool to prioritize candidate landscapes for lesser prairie-chicken conservation

Development of systematic methods for conservation planning has improved effectiveness and efficiency of implementing such plans. The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a grouse species of conservation concern native to the southwestern Great Plains of the United States. Recent lesser prairie-chicken conservation planning has involved identifying ecologically important areas but has not incorporated economic data into prioritization of areas to target for conservation management. We used the program Marxan to develop a decision-support tool for managers in Kansas to prioritize tracts for improving lesser prairie-chicken habitat quality and increasing habitat availability. We developed three different conservation scenarios and evaluated the tradeoffs among multiple planning objectives in these scenarios. We incorporated population targets from an existing conservation plan and agricultural economic data to help select land with maximum ecological value and minimum economic productivity to prioritize for lesser prairie-chicken conservation. We compared potential conservation plans and incorporated a post hoc connectivity model to test potential for individuals to travel among habitat patches in these plans during dispersal events. We found that different conservation scenarios led to different solutions, though differences varied by ecoregion. Potential solutions for all scenarios contained habitat patches not currently included in existing conservation plans and had high connectivity potential. These results provide context for spatial prioritization of lesser prairie-chicken habitat management in Kansas. Application of this approach to species of conservation interest could help managers incorporate socioeconomic factors into planning methods and identify important tracts for conservation currently overlooked by existing planning methods.
Platelet Disorders in the Adolescent Female

Platelet disorders in the adolescent female are comprised of congenital and acquired platelet disorders associated with a decrease in platelet number and/or abnormality in platelet function. Bleeding symptoms in patients with platelet disorders most commonly involve skin and mucous membrane bleeding. In females with platelet disorders, heavy menstrual bleeding is the most common bleeding symptom. In adolescents presenting for evaluation, a complete history of bleeding symptoms including menstrual history, history of excessive bleeding with dental and surgical procedures, family history of bleeding symptoms and diagnosed bleeding disorders, and medication history should be obtained. Bleeding assessment and screening tools may be useful. Available laboratory testing for platelet disorders in addition to platelet count includes light and electron microscopy, platelet aggregometry and secretion assays, flow cytometric analysis, and point-of-care tests. Molecular diagnostic testing can provide confirmatory testing. Management varies depending on the severity of the bleeding symptoms and may include antifibrinolytic agents, recombinant VIIa, DDAVP, and platelet transfusions. Hormonal agents may be required for management of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescent females with platelet disorders. Thrombopoietin mimetics are useful in raising the platelet count in acute and chronic ITP and in congenital MYH9-related platelet disorders. Identification and management of iron deficiency anemia is important in adolescent females with platelet disorders.
Dorsal Striatum Dynamically Incorporates Velocity Adjustments during Locomotion.

Decades of progress have established that basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are essential for organizing locomotor processes. In this circuit, the striatum serves as the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia ([Alexander and Crutcher, 1990][1]), which are involved in action selection, initiation
Single Photon Avalanche Diode based Vision Sensor with On-Chip Memristive Spiking Neuromorphic Processing

In this paper, we present a novel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based vision sensor with on-chip memristive spiking neuromorphic processing. For this prototype design, a 5 × 5 SPAD based pixel array with asynchronous address event representation (AER) readout has been implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The proposed system also consists of a memristive spiking neuromorphic system to process the events in a more area and power efficient bio-inspired way. The sensor exhibits array-level dynamic range of 152 dB with power consumption of 2.1 mW. The complete event based vision sensing system is tested using a small scale shape recognition task. Results show great potential for the proposed memristive spiking neuromorphic SPAD based vision sensing system for robotic vision used in health, autonomous vehicles, and security applications.
On the Solution of ℓ0-Constrained Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation Problems

The sparse inverse covariance matrix is used to model conditional dependencies between variables in a graphical model to fit a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Estimating the matrix from data ar...
Differentiation of peptide isomers by excited-state photodissociation and ion–molecule interactions

Solvochromatic effects are most frequently associated with solution-phase phenomena. However, in the gas phase, the absence of solvent leads to intramolecular solvation that can be driven by strong forces including hydrogen bonds and ion-dipole interactions. Here we examine whether isomerization of a single residue in a peptide results in structural changes sufficient to shift the absorption of light by an appended chromophore. By carrying out the experiments inside a mass spectrometer, we can easily monitor photodissociation yield as a readout for chromophore excitation. A series of peptides of different lengths, charge states, and position and identity of the isomerized residue were examined by excitation with both 266 and 213 nm light. The results reveal that differences in intramolecular solvation do lead to solvochromatic shifts in many cases. In addition, the primary product following photoexcitation is a radical. Ion-molecule reactions with this radical and adventitious oxygen were monitored and also found to vary as a function of isomeric state. In this case, differences in intramolecular solvation alter the availability of the reactive radical. Overall, the results reveal that small changes in a single amino acid can influence the overall structural ensemble sufficient to alter the efficiency of multiple gas-phase reactions.
Maternal age is associated with embryo splitting after single embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study

To determine whether maternal age has an impact on monozygotic twinning (MZT) rates in women undergoing single embryo transfer (SET). This is a retrospective cohort study analyzed for the incidence of MZT of all clinical pregnancies after a single embryo transfer was carried out between 2014 and 2018. The effect of different assisted reproductive technology (ART) parameters on the incidence of MZT was evaluated. There were a total of 8459 cycles resulting in pregnancy during the study period. Of these pregnancies, 8236 were singletons and 223 were MZT. The preterm birth rate, miscarriage rate, and cesarean section rate were higher in MZT. Birth weight and gestational age at delivery were lower and smaller. In the univariate analysis, the risk of MZT was decreased with frozen embryo transfer (ET). A nonlinear relationship was observed between maternal age and MZT. A negative relationship between maternal age and MZT was observed in the patients’ age ≥ 36 years. Advanced maternal age was associated with a lower rate of MZT. A threshold female age of 36 years existed for lower MZT.
Leveraging the UDL Framework to Plan Grade-Aligned Mathematics in Inclusive Settings:

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework that can be applied when planning inclusive mathematics to benefit all students in a classroom, including students with extensive support needs. T...
Neo-Malthusianism and Coercive Population Control in China and India

In the 1960s and 1970s, neo‐​Malthusian panic about overpopulation overtook eugenics as the primary motivation behind coercive policies aimed at limiting childbearing. Neo‐​Malthusian ideas spread among senior technocrats and government leaders in some developing countries, resulting in human rights abuses that Western development professionals encouraged and that Western aid often funded. Those abuses peaked in the form of China’s one‐​child policy (1979–2015) and India’s forced sterilizations during its “Emergency” (1975–77), a period in India when civil liberties were suspended and the prime minister ruled by decree. The one‐​child policy saw over 300 million Chinese women fitted with intrauterine devices modified to be irremovable without surgery, over 100 million sterilizations, and over 300 million abortions. Many of these procedures were coerced. In a similar vein, India’s Emergency saw 11 million sterilizations, many of them forced. China and, to a far lesser extent, India still have troubling policies. After softening its one‐​child policy to a two‐​child policy, China continues to brutally enforce family size limits and to require birth permits from prospective parents and parents seeking to expand their families. Coercion continues to define an unknown share of the country’s 9 million annual abortions. In India, political representation is apportioned in a way that punishes states with high birth rates. Half the people in India live in states with policies that penalize, to varying degrees, families with more than two children to discourage large families. Fortunately, recent policy changes are reversing heavy financial penalties imposed earlier on high‐​fertility states. Neo‐​Malthusian policies aimed at limiting family size have increased female infanticide and sex‐​selective abortion in China and India, skewing the world’s sex ratio at birth to 107 boys per 100 girls. (The natural ratio is 105 boys per 100 girls.) Neo‐​Malthusianism remains the chief cause of family size restrictions. Countering overpopulation hysteria continues to be important.
Determinants and Economic Consequences of Cash Flow Restatements

The FASB, PCAOB, SEC, and AICPA have all acknowledged that the accounting field needs to revisit the statement of cash flows (SCF). While the overall number of restatements has held steady over the past five years, the percentage of cash flow restatements (CFRs) has risen from 8.7% of all restatements in 2009 to 20.2% of all restatements in 2014. We examine the determinants of CFRs, investors’ differential beliefs about CFRs, and the information content of CFRs by focusing on abnormal trading volume and price reactions to CFRs. We then examine whether the guidance the SEC/AICPA published in early 2006 changed the information content of CFRs. Finally, since the proper classification within the SCF is a current regulatory issue, we examine whether classification shifting within the SCFs impacts the market. The market finds CFRs to be informative with some investor disagreement as shown by higher abnormal trading volume. We also find an incremental volume reaction to changes in operating cash flows after the SEC allowance period. While the market responds negatively to CFRs, we find that the market does not differentiate between whether classification shifting occurs or does not occur with the CFR. This study has implications for policymakers, auditors, and investors since it is one of the first to examine the capital market consequences of CFRs.
Front Tracking of Free Boundaries with Curvature Terms

Beginning with the one-dimensional one-phase Stefan problem we have applied the method of lines during the past twenty years to a variety of fixed and free boundary problems of increasing size and complexity. One phase reaction-diffusion systems in ℝ2 with multiple free boundaries, the two-dimensional Stefan problem with a Gibbs Thomson interface condition, and a two-dimensional Stefan problem with a globally defined free boundary condition are among these. We have now assembled a modular general purpose computer code which can be applied to general multi-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems with free boundaries. In particular, it applies to all the problems mentioned above and their analog formulations in ℝ3.
Grazing, Temporal Changes of Phytoplankton Concentrations, and the Microbial Loop in the Open Sea

With the advent of maps of chlorophyll distribution in the world ocean (Feldman et al., 1989; Lewis, this volume), parochial questions can be asked on a global basis: (1) where, (2) when, and (3) why does phytoplankton occur in the open sea, and (4) how much is found? The first and fourth questions will be addressed briefly at the outset. The paper will treat the second and third questions at length, emphasizing the annual and seasonal time scales. Grazing will be shown to be a key variable that largely has been underrated. In addition to affecting phytoplankton, grazing will be recognized as central to the supply of substrate for the microbial loop.
Spin pumping from spinwaves in thin film YIG

We report on the efficiency of spin pumping from parametrically excited propagating high-k spinwaves in a YIG(25 nm)/Pt(5 nm) bilayer. We observe clear signals, detected using the inverse spin Hall effect. The measured spin pumping efficiency and microwave thresholds needed for parametric excitation indicate that spin pumping is insensitive to the spinwave wavevector magnitude and propagation direction in the range 0≤k≲20 μm−1. This finding is consistent with the fact that for thin films, the variation of spin wave amplitude across the film thickness is only weakly dependent on the wavevector. Our results are promising for the development of spin-based devices operated by spinwaves.
Oxidation of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins by Chlorine Dioxide. Implications for Water Treatment

Amino acids, proteins, and peptides occur ubiquitously in natural waters. Although these nitrogen compounds are not directly toxic, harmful byproducts can be formed by reactions with chemical oxidants during water treatment processes. Chlorination and chloramination of water that contains amino acids and other naturally occurring organic matter indeed produces toxic substances, often referred to as disinfection byproducts. The main advantage of using ClO2 over other chlorine containing disinfectants is that the formation of harmful trihalomethanes (THMs), such as chloroform, during water treatment processes is minimized. Because ClO2 is an effective and promising alternative to other chlorine containing disinfectants, the chemistry of ClO2 interactions between amino acids, proteins, and peptides should be thoroughly understood, to ensure the safety of potable water supplies. This chapter presents an overview of the aqueous chemistry of ClO2 and its reactivity with amino acids, peptides, and proteins. The kinetics and products of the reactions are reviewed. Only a few amino acids have been reported to be reactive with ClO2, and have been found to obey first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of each reactant. The second-order rate constants vary from 10−2 to 107 M−1 s−1 with an order of reactivity: cysteine > tyrosine > tryptophan > histidine > proline. Cysteine sulfonic acid and cystine are products of the oxidation of cysteine by ClO2 in acidic and basic media, respectively. In reactions of histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine with ClO2, different products are obtained depending on the molar ratios of ClO2 and the individual amino acid. Products also vary depending on whether oxygen is present in the reaction mixture. With excess molar amounts of ClO2 relative to amino acids, low molecular weight compounds are obtained. The oxidation of bovine serum albumin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by ClO2 suggests the denaturing of proteins through attack on tryptophan and tyrosine residues. This information is especially important with respect to an understanding of the inactivation of microbes by ClO2.