cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effects of completion techniques and formation heterogeneity on CO 2 sequestration in shallow and deep saline aquifers

This work studied the effect of completion techniques and reservoir heterogeneity on CO2 storage and injectivity in saline aquifers using a compositional reservoir simulator, CMG-GEM. Two reservoir models were built based on the published data to represent a deep saline aquifer and a shallow aquifer. The effect of various completion conditions on CO2 storage was then discussed, including partial perforation of the reservoir net pay (partial completion), well geometry, orientation, location, and length. The heterogeneity effect was addressed by considering three parameters: mean permeability, the vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, and permeability variation. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using iSIGHT software (design of experiments) to determine the dominant factors affecting CO2 storage capacity and injectivity. Simulation results show that the most favorable option is the perforation of all layers with horizontal wells 250–300 m long set in the upper layers. Mean permeability has the most effect on CO2 storage capacity and injectivity; k v/k h affects CO2 injectivity storage capacity more than permeability variation, V k. More CO2 can be stored in the heterogeneous reservoirs with low mean permeability; however, high injectivity can be achieved in the uniform reservoirs with high mean permeability.
Quantitative Transient Absorption Measurements of Polaron Yield and Absorption Coefficient in Neat Conjugated Polymers

Transient absorption methods are crucial for probing photogenerated polaron dynamics in conjugated polymers but are usually limited to qualitative studies because the polaron absorption coefficient...
Simulation of sodium octanoate micelles in aqueous solution

Abstract Molecular dynamics calculations have been used to probe the structure of a small sodium octanoate micelle in aqueous solution. The simulation system consisted of 15 octanoate ions, 15 sodium ions and 718 water molecules in a periodically replicated box. Electrostatic interactions were treated with a Ewald method. Two simulations were performed with slightly different models for the water, namely: SPC and SPC/E. Over the course of the roughly 400 ps trajectories, the micelle remained intact with the hydrocarbon chains on the inside and the carboxylate groups on the outer perimeter. The counterion distribution has been examined and compared for the two models. The micelle displayed significant fluctions in shape and had an average radius of about 9 A. Relatively little water penetrates beyond the head-group region. The average chain conformation in the micelle interior has been compared with that of an isolated monomer in solution.
On the E-optimality of Blocked Main Effects Plans When n ≡ 2 (mod 4)

In this paper we consider experimental situations in which m 2-level factors are to be studied using a main effects plan where n runs are partitioned into b block of size k. For the case n≡2 (mod 4), we derive some new methods of constructing E-optimal designs.
Two-center three-electron bonds involving selenium

Abstract We report the first known experimental gas-phase study of two-center three-electron bonding involving selenium. Ions studied include: [(CH3)2Se∴Se(CH3)2]+, [(CH3)2Se∴Se(CH3)2]+ and [(CH3)2Se∴ICH3]+. We investigated these ions using metastable and collision-induced dissociation MS/MS methods. The metastable spectra of [(CH3)2Se∴Se(CH3)2]+, [(CH3)2Se∴S(CH3)2]+ and [(CH3)2Se∴ICH3]+ show direct cleavage of the Se∴Se, Se∴S and Se∴I bonds. In addition, the metastable spectrum of [(CH3)2Se∴ICH3]+ shows fragmentation via a rearrangement path with ejection of the iodine atom. These metastable and collision-induced dissociation spectra are all consistent with Se∴Se, Se∴S and Se∴I hypervalent interactions. Spectra of [(CH3)2Se∴(CH3)2]+ were also compared with spectra of [CH3SeSeCH3] +, these comparisons also very strongly support the two-center three-electron Se∴Se interaction in [(CH3)2Se∴Se(CH3)2]+. Experimental equilibrium studies of ( CH 3 ) 2 Se + + Se ( CH 3 ) 2 ⇌[( CH 3 ) 2 Se ∴ Se ( CH 3 ) 2 ] + resulted in ΔH°rxn=−95±3 kJ/mol and ΔS°rxn=−76±6 J/mol K. Since in this reaction, ΔH°rxn=−ΔH°bond, the experiment yields a bond enthalpy of 95 kJ/mol at 511 K. We believe that these are the first gas-phase experiments on 2c-3e bonding involving selenium and thus, this may be the first experimental determination of a Se∴Se bond enthalpy.
Immune stimulating photoactive hybrid nanoparticles for metastatic breast cancer

A therapeutic technology that combines the phototoxic and immune-stimulating ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the widespread effectiveness of the immune system can be very promising to treat metastatic breast cancer. We speculated that the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of existing multi-component therapies could provide clues to aid the discovery of new combinations of an immunostimulant with a photosensitizer (PS) using a nanoparticle (NP) delivery platform. Therapeutic challenges when administering therapeutic combinations include the choice of dosages to reduce side effects, the definitive delivery of the correct drug ratio, and exposure to the targets of interest. These factors are very difficult to achieve when drugs are individually administered. By combining controlled release polymer-based NP drug delivery approaches, we were able to differentially deliver zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) based PS to metastatic breast cancer cells along with CpG-ODN, a single-stranded DNA that is a known immunostimulant to manage the distant tumors in a temporally regulated manner. We encapsulated ZnPc which is a long-wavelength absorbing PS within a polymeric NP core made up of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG). After coating the outside of the polymeric core with gold NPs (AuNPs), we further modified the AuNP surface with CpG-ODN. In vitro cytotoxicity using 4T1 metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells shows significant photocytotoxicity of the hybrid NPs containing both ZnPc and CpG-ODN after irradiation with a 660 nm LASER light and this activity was remarkably better than either treatment alone. Treatment of mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells with the PDT-killed 4T1 cell lysate shows that the combination of PDT with a synergistic immunostimulant in a single NP system results in significant immune response, which can be used for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
Stem cells: Big roles for small RNAs.

Embryonic stem cells can create copies of themselves, but can also mature into almost any type of cell in the body. Tiny gene regulators called microRNAs are now shown to have a role in directing these properties.
Multiaxial analysis of dental composite materials.

Dental composites are subjected to extreme chemical and mechanical conditions in the oral environment, contributing to the degradation and ultimate failure of the material in vivo. The objective of this study is to validate an alternative method of mechanically loading dental composite materials. Confined compression testing more closely represents the complex loading that dental restorations experience in the oral cavity. Dental composites, a nanofilled and a hybrid microfilled, were prepared as cylindrical specimens, light-cured in ring molds of 6061 aluminum, with the ends polished to ensure parallel surfaces. The samples were subjected to confined compression loading to 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% axial strain. Upon loading, the ring constrains radial expansion of the specimen, generating confinement stresses. A strain gage placed on the outer wall of the aluminum confining ring records hoop strain. Assuming plane stress conditions, the confining stress (σc) can be calculated at the sample/ring interface. Following mechanical loading, tomographic data was generated using a high-resolution microtomography system developed at beamline 2-BM of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Extraction of the crack and void surfaces present in the material bulk is numerically represented as crack edge/volume (CE/V), and calculated as a fraction of total specimen volume. Initial results indicate that as the strain level increases the CE/V increases. Analysis of the composite specimens under different mechanical loads suggests that microtomography is a useful tool for three-dimensional evaluation of dental composite fracture surfaces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Anotar números desde pre-escolar hasta segundo grado: el impacto del uso de dos sistemas de representación en la presentación

ResumenEn este estudio exploramos las diferencias en el tipo de producciones de numerales que hacen los ninos como consecuencia de dos modos distintos de presentar numeros: presentacion oral y con fichas de valores. Entrevistamos individualmente a veintidos ninos (cinco de pre-escolar, ocho de primer grado y nueve de segundo grado) a quienes se asigno al azar a una de las dos condiciones: presentacion oral o presentacion con fichas de valores, ambas seguidas de la produccion de numerales por parte de los ninos. Encontramos diferencias en el tipo de representacion que facilita el logro de la convencionalidad en las producciones numericas de los ninos y que se asocian a diferentes respuestas no convencionales. Asimismo, encontramos que esas asociaciones diferenciales cambian a lo largo de los distintos grados de escolaridad. Mientras que en los ninos de pre-escolar la presentacion oral parece facilitar las respuestas convencionales, en los de segundo grado este tipo de respuestas se producen tanto con prese...
Estradiol replacement facilitates the acquisition of seizures kindled from the anterior neocortex in female rats.

Abstract Estradiol replacement facilitates kindling from a limbic region, the amygdala. This study determined if estradiol also interacts with kindling from a non-limbic region, the anterior neocortex. Ovariectomized female rats with estradiol replacement required 24 ± 1.6 trials to kindle and accumulated 434 ± 28 sec of afterdischarge (AD), significantly less than the 38 ± 2.2 trials and 840 ± 93 sec in rats without estradiol. Estradiol replacement did not significantly alter the long series of focal cortical seizures preceding generalized seizures in spite of the early appearance of AD in the contralateral amygdala. Estradiol significantly advanced the onset of generalized seizures compared to rats without estradiol (19 ± 0.6 versus 24 ± 1.9 trials). Following secondary seizure generalization, estradiol rats rapidly completed late kindled seizure acquisition. In contrast, late kindling in rats without estradiol was slower as reflected by a 3-fold greater number of AD trials and AD seconds to complete kindling compared to rats with estradiol. One factor in the slower late kindling of rats without estradiol was the instability of generalized seizures which frequently regressed to focal or partial responses. The results provide further experimental evidence for a role for estradiol in catamenial epilepsy and suggest that the process of secondarily generalization of seizures is especially sensitive to estradiol.
Levy type analysis of cross-ply plates based on higher-order theory

A hitherto unavailable Levy type analytical solution to the problem of deformation of a finite-dimensional general cross-ply thick rectangular plate, modeled using a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT), is presented. A solution methodology, based on a boundary-discontinuous generalized double Fourier series approach is used to solve a system of five highly coupled linear partial differential equations, generated by the HSDT-based laminated plate analysis, with the SS2-type simply supported boundary condition prescribed on two opposite edges, while the remaining two edges are subjected to the SS3-type constraint. The numerical accuracy of the solution is ascertained by studying the convergence characteristics of deflections and moments of a cross-ply plate and also by comparison with the available first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and classical lamination theory (CLT)-based analytical solutions. Hitherto unavailable important numerical results presented include sensitivity of the predicted response quantities of interest to lamination, lamina material property, and thickness effects, as well as their interactions.
Activation of the L1 late H2B histone gene in blastula-stage sea urchin embryos by an Antennapedia-class homeoprotein

The L1 late H2B histone gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is transcriptionally activated in late blastula stage embryos by a mechanism that depends on an enhancer element located 3' of the gene (Zhao et al., 1990). A protein factor, designated H2B abp 1, binds this element at a site that resembles the consensus recognition sequence of Antennapedia-class homeodomain proteins. We demonstrate here that Antennapedia (Antp) and Hbox4 proteins, members of the Antennapedia class of homeoproteins from Drosophila and sea urchin respectively, bind the L1 H2B abp 1 site, and that the Drosophila Antp protein acts through this site to trans-activate the L1 H2B gene, in vivo. In addition, RNA gel blot analysis demonstrated that Hbox4 transcripts accumulate in developing embryos with a time course that closely resembles that of H2B adp 1 DNA binding activity and the activity and the transcription rate of the L1 late H2B gene. Finally, we show that antibody prepared against the sea urchin Hbox4 protein, a member of the Abd-B subclass of the Antennapedia class, specifically inhibits binding of the H2B abp 1 factor to the L1 H2B enhancer, suggesting that H2B abp 1 is encoded by Hbox4 or a closely related gene.
Munchausen Syndrome/Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Munchausen syndrome (MS) is characterized by patients' chronic and relentless pursuit of medical treatment for combinations of symptoms of consciously self-inflicted injury and falsely reported symptomatology. MS patients are adults, as are perpetrators of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). MSBP is an unusual form of child abuse in which a parent, usually the mother, brings a child for medical attention with symptoms falsified or directly induced by the mother. Most reports of MSBP have been of a few cases appearing in medical and pediatric literature. Motivation in both disorders is unclear, and diagnosis and treatment present difficult problems that require more research.
Normative feedback for parents of college students: piloting a parent based intervention to correct misperceptions of students' alcohol use and other parents' approval of drinking.

Abstract Objective Multi-component parent-based interventions (PBIs) provide a promising avenue for targeting alcohol use and related consequences in college students. Parents of college-aged children can have a significant influence on their children's alcohol use decisions. However, parents tend to underestimate their own child's alcohol use and overestimate other similar parents' approval of student drinking. These misperceptions could have important implications for parents' own attitudes and alcohol-related communication with their student. Targeting these misperceptions through normative feedback could help promote greater and more in-depth alcohol-related communication. The present study examines the potential efficacy of web-based alcohol-related normative feedback for parents of college students. Method A sample of 144 parents of college students received web-based normative feedback about students' alcohol use and approval, as well as other same-college parents' alcohol approval. Parents completed measures of perceived student alcohol use, student alcohol approval, other-parent alcohol approval, and intentions to discuss alcohol use both pre- and post-normative feedback. Results Post-feedback, parents reported stronger intentions to talk to their student about alcohol, were less confident in their knowledge of their students' alcohol use, and believed that their student drank in greater quantity and more frequently than pre-feedback. Parents also perceived other parents to be less approving of alcohol use after viewing normative feedback. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary support for the use of web-based normative feedback for parents of college students. Given these promising results, further research developing and testing this approach merits attention.
Susceptibility of lobund-wistar × Copenhagen hybrid rats to autochthonous prostate carcinogenesis

BACKGROUND Transplantation of the Dunning R-3327 prostate tumor cell line is a common model of prostate cancer, though the rat strain (Copenhagen) from which the cell line was derived is resistant to spontaneous and chemically induced prostate cancer. METHODS To determine if susceptibility to chemically induced prostate carcinogenesis can be transferred from the susceptible Lobund–Wistar (LW) rat strain to the resistant Copenhagen (COP) strain, male COP rats and LW × COP hybrids were administered an intravenous dose (30 mg/kg) of methylnitrosourea (MNU) and implanted three times with silastic capsules containing testosterone propionate (25 mg each) at a 2-month interval. Serum was sampled at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age and assayed for testosterone. RESULTS Serum testosterone was significantly but transiently elevated following implantation of capsules with testosterone propionate, but then decreased by 12 months of age to a level which was significantly less (P ≤ 0.001) than in LW rats but not significantly different from COP rats. Prostate cancer did not develop in COP rats, but 36% of LW × COP hybrids developed prostate–seminal vesicle tumors which expanded into the dorsolateral lobes within 10 months of MNU administration; this compares to 90% of LW rats which develop such tumors following this same induction protocol. CONCLUSIONS COP rats lack inherent susceptibility to development of prostate cancer; susceptibility may be transferred from LW rats, or resistance from COP rats, to LW × COP hybrids and is present in the haploid state, consistent with the two-mutation event hypothesis of Knudson which holds that two mutations are required at a genetic locus for development of some cancers. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Long intracellular retention of 4′-thio-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-triphosphate as a critical factor for the anti-solid tumor activity of 4′-thio-arabinofuranosylcytosine

4′-Thio-arabinofuranosylcytosine (T-araC) is a new cytosine analog, which exhibits excellent antitumor activity against various solid tumor xenografts in mice. T-araC is a structural analog of arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC), which is known to be marginally active against solid tumors. We have continued to study the biochemical pharmacology of T-araC in solid tumor cells to further characterize the mechanism of action of this new agent and to elucidate why these compounds show a profound difference in antitumor activity against solid tumors. AraC was a slightly more potent inhibitor of cell growth than T-araC when cells were continuously exposed to the drugs. However, T-araC was markedly more cytotoxic than araC when high concentrations of the compounds were given for short periods of time. Despite the fact that T-araC is a much poorer substrate, as compared to araC, for deoxycytidine kinase (the rate-limiting step in the formation of the triphosphates), similar intracellular concentrations of T-araC-5′-triphosphate (T-araCTP) and araCTP were formed in cells at these high, pharmacologically relevant concentrations due to similar Vmax’s. The major difference in the metabolism of araC and T-araC was that the half-life of T-araCTP was tenfold longer than that of araCTP and much higher levels of T-araCTP were sustained in cells for long durations after exposure to T-araC. Inhibition of cytidine deaminase, deoxycytidylate deaminase, or DNA replication did not affect the half-life of either araCTP or T-araCTP. In addition, the rates of disappearance of the mono- and tri-phosphates of araC and T-araC in crude cell extracts were similar. These results indicated that these enzymes were not rate-limiting in the degradation of the respective triphosphates. However, the rate of phosphorylation of T-araC-5′-monophosphate (T-araCMP) in crude cell extracts was about tenfold greater than that of araCMP. The results of this work suggested that the longer intracellular retention of T-araCTP was responsible for the superior activity of T-araC against solid tumors in vivo, and that the greater activity of T-araCMP as a substrate of UMP/CMP kinase was responsible for the long intracellular half-life of T-araCTP.
Qualitative stability and solvability of difference equations

We develop sufficient conditions for qualitative stability and solvability of the real discrete time system xt+ 1 = Axi + b. These conditions are a combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria and depend on signed digraphs.
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN WOMEN WITH BINGE EATING DISORDER IN PRIMARY CARE

Background To examine the frequency and significance of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in ethnically diverse obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) seeking treatment for obesity and binge eating in primary care.
Self-diffusion of calcium in single crystal calcium oxide

Abstract The self-diffusion of calcium in single crystal CaO has been measured in the temperature range of 1000–1400°C using the vapor-deposited radioactive 45 CaO thin film and boundary conditions for diffusion from a plane source into a semi-infinite medium. Two regions of diffusion have been observed: (i) Near the crystal surface (0–20 μ) where the temperature dependence of diffusion can be expressed by the equation: D = (8·75±1·32) × 10 -8 exp − 34,600±950 RT and (ii) Deep within the crystal (approximately beyond 20 μ) where the temperature dependence can be expressed as D = (1·95±0·60) × 10 -7 exp − 34,020±1800 RT The near-the-crystal surface diffusion region is attributed to extrinsic diffusion and the diffusion region deep within the crystal (20–70 μ) results from the superposition on the extrinsic diffusion of mass transport along short-circuit paths such as dislocation pipes. The activation energy of 34 kcal g . mole obtained in this investigation appears to be the energy of cation vacancy migration. The measured activation energy is at variance with Lindner's value of 81 kcal g . mole for calcium diffusion in sintered CaO and with Redington's value of 250 kcal g . mole for self-diffusion of Ba in BaO crystals, investigated in the comparable temperature ranges. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are suggested.
The Use of Music to Improve Exercise Participation in People with Dementia: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music on exercise program participation in older adults with dementia. Participants were attendees of the adult daycare at the Lebanon Valley Brethren Home. A within subjects cross over design was used with an intervention and control condition. Participants initially assigned to the control condition performed an exercise program without music, while participants in the intervention condition performed the same exercise program with music. Age appropriate songs were specifically selected and the exercise sequence was standardized for both groups and lasted 30 min per session. After 3 weeks the conditions for the groups were switched. Participation was analyzed using videography and a tally system to document exercise program engagement. Results indicated that participation was significantly greater (p = 0.028) during the intervention (exercise with music) than during the control condition.
Signal processing for the inspection of immersed structures

In this paper, we present a non-destructive inspection method for immersed waveguide. A laser operating at 532 nm is used to excite leaky guided waves on an aluminum plate immersed in water. The plate has a few artificial defects. An array of immersion transducers is used to detect the propagating waves. A signal processing based on continuous wavelet transform is utilized to extract a few damage-sensitive features that are used in an outlier analysis and in a probabilistic-based imaging method. The experimental results show that the proposed system can be used for the inspection of underwater waveguides.
Who's Keeping the Fire? An Analysis of Who's Being Published in a Major Interior Design Periodical

This study was designed to determine who is receiving public recognition for interior design work published in a major design periodical and to speculate on the future of the profession and implications for interior design education based on an analysis of the findings. A matrix was developed to document the biographical data published for the featured designers, including gender, education, professional affiliations, location of firm, and type and location of work published. The biographies of 959 individual designers were analyzed from 1980 through 1990. The findings reveal that, despite the development of professionalism during the past 25 years, fewer individuals with degrees in interior design are being published than those educated in allied disciplines. The relationship of these findings to graduate education and research is discussed.
Electronic structure of TiCl4

A discrete variational method, based on the Slater statistical exchange approximation, widely used in atomic and solid state theory, is developed and applied to the calculation of the electronic structure of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The full molecular potential is used without recourse to “muffin tin” spherical approximations. Transition energies obtained from one electron energy eigenvalues are compared with optical data.
Theory of Spin Resonance in Dilute Magnetic Alloys

The scheme of Kadanoff and Baym is shown to be useful for the rigorous derivation of Bloch or Boltzmann equations for spin systems. The scheme is applied to a system of conduction electrons in a metal interacting via an exchange interaction $J$ with a low density of local spins. The coupled Bloch equations appropriate to conduction-electron spin resonance are derived rigorously to second order in $J$. The prominent features of the derived equations are that (i) the disturbed magnetizations are shown to relax to the instantaneous local equilibrium magnetization with the result that correct static susceptibilities are obtained, (ii) the instantaneous magnetizations are not proportional to the effective magnetic fields causing the magnetizations to precess, and (iii) the equations are consistent with conservation of the total magnetization.
An Acultural Perspective on Experimental Social Psychology

It has been argued that experimental social psychology is the study of industrialized societies. If this is the case, it appears that cross-cultural theories cannot be advanced experimentally. Contrary to this, we argue that experimental social psychology is not the study of industrialized societies or any actual society. It is because experiments do not investigate any single given society that they can help advance cross-cultural theories.
Subcutaneous silicone injection leading to multi-system organ failure

Background. Silicone is an inert liquid polymer often chosen for cosmetic procedures due to its durability and thermal stability. Following silicone injection, end organ toxicity can occur. We report two cases of multiorgan dysfunction following silicone injection. Case report. Two transsexual males presented to the emergency department with altered consciousness after receiving subcutaneous injections of silicone into the hip and buttocks. Each patient had received injections totaling between one and two liters of silicone. Soon after the injections, each reported feeling nauseated and lethargic, and then lost consciousness. On arrival, each was somnolent, with tachycardia and hypotension. Lungs were clear and there were multiple injection sites of induration noted over the hips and gluteal regions. Laboratory screening showed leukocytosis and hemoconcentration in each, with no drugs found on urine toxicology screening. Chemistries were normal. Both became hypoxic on arterial blood gas analysis. Oxygenat...
Channel Coordination in the Presence of a Dominant Retailer

The retail trade today is increasingly dominated by large, centrally managed "power retailers." In this paper, we develop a channel model in the presence of a dominant retailer to examine how a manufacturer can best coordinate such a channel.We show that such a channel can be coordinated to the benefit of the manufacturer through either quantity discounts or a menu of two-part tariffs. Both pricing mechanisms allow the manufacturer to charge different effective prices and extract different surpluses from the two different types of retailers, even though they both have the appearance of being "fair." However, quantity discounts and two-part tariffs are not equally efficient from the manufacturer's perspective as a channel coordination mechanism. Therefore, the manufacturer must judiciously select its channel coordination mechanism.Our analysis also sheds light on the role of "street money" in channel coordination. We show that such a practice can arise from a manufacturer's effort to mete out minimum incentives to engage the dominant retailer in channel coordination. From this perspective, we derive testable implications with regard to the practice of street money.
“It's destroying a whole generation”: Television and moral discourse in Belize

An anthropological approach to television must transcend the limitations of traditional media scholarship by paying closer attention to the cultural and political context of the medium in different times and places. This paper explores the ways television has affected the small Caribbean country of Belize during the last ten years. It focuses attention on the way people talk about television in public and private, on the place of television in moral discourse. It suggests that by providing an objectified “other,” foreign television may promote new forms of nationalism.
A novel class of bifunctional acylpeptide hydrolases--potential role in the antioxidant defense systems of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii.

Oxidative challenge is an important factor affecting the adaptive strategies of Antarctic fish, but data on antioxidant defenses in these organisms remain scarce. In this context, a key role could be played by acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH), which was recently hypothesized to participate in the degradation of oxidized and cytotoxic proteins, although its physiological function is still not fully clarified. This study represents the first report on piscine members of this enzyme family, specifically from the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii. The cDNAs corresponding to two apeh genes were isolated, and the respective proteins were functionally and structurally characterized with the aim of understanding the biological significance of these proteases in Antarctic fish. Both APEH isoforms (APEH-1Tb and APEH-2Tb) showed distinct temperature-kinetic behavior, with significant differences in the Km values. Moreover, beside the typical acylpeptide hydrolase activity, APEH-2Tb showed remarkable oxidized protein endohydrolase activity towards oxidized BSA, suggesting that this isoform could play a homeostatic role in removing oxidatively damaged proteins, sustaining the antioxidant defense systems. The 3D structures of both APEHs were predicted, and a possible relationship was found between the substrate specificity/affinity and the marked changes in the number of charged residues and hydrophobicity properties surrounding their catalytic sites. Our results demonstrated the occurrence of two APEH isoforms in T. bernacchii, belonging to different phylogenetic clusters, identified for the first time, and showing distinct molecular and temperature–kinetic behaviors. In addition, we suggest that the members of the new cluster ‘APEH-2’ could participate in reactive oxygen species detoxification as phase 3 antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the protein degradation machinery.
A Cost Model for the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding Process

A cost model is an important tool for product design and material selection. An efficient and effective cost estimation tool is necessary for early design evaluations. In this paper, a cost estimation model is presented that estimates the production cost for metal inert gas (MIG) welded joints. This model determines the cost incurred in fabricating each joint with a detailed explanation of each cost component / driver. Each cost component has been closely analyzed and the major cost components have been included in the cost model. We used this cost model to predict the cost of the forty two different joints joined using MIG welding technique. The results predicted by the MIG welding cost model have been compared to that quoted by an expert welder. Initial results show that the cost model and the expert cost estimates follow a similar general trend. Further study is needed to refine the MIG cost model.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
RACIAL STRATEGIES IN JANE EYRE

In Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre (1847), multiple discursive strategies contend with the difficulty of determining racial identity. My aim here is not to delineate a straightforward or unambiguous racial discourse in the novel but rather to clarify the usefulness of ambiguity to the narrative's racialism. If, as Ann Laura Stoler has argued, racism in the nineteenth century depended on flexible rather than fixed criteria, Bronte's novel allows for the study of such criteria and of the discursive displacements that assign them to diverse human qualities.
New wave phenomena in series Josephson junctions

The use of electromagnetic waves to obtain coherence between widely spaced Josephson tunnel junctions is explored. A pair of coupled non-linear differential equations is developed for the case of junctions used as series elements in a microstrip transmission line. We use analysis to demonstrate the existence of oscillatory traveling waves, solitary waves, and standing waves on such a transmission line. We report simulations that demonstrate these waves, and an observation of standing waves in a real series array. It appears that substantial power at frequencies above 100 GHz may be obtained from these series arrays.
Sequence learning: response structure and effector transfer.

Two experiments are reported that investigate the response structure and effector transfer of repeated movement sequences. Participants moved a lever to targets sequentially presented on the computer monitor. In Experiment 1 the learning of 10- and 16-element sequences (identical movement pattern) was contrasted. After 1 day of practice the 10-element sequence was organized into fewer subsequences and, thus, performed more rapidly than the 16-element sequence. The imposed organization appeared to be coded in a relatively abstract way, as evidenced by effector transfer that was as good as that on the retention test. In Experiment 2 the 16-element sequence was studied after more extensive practice. By the end of 4 days of practice the participants produced relatively seamless responses void of obvious transitions between subsequences, but the control of the movement was less effector independent than observed earlier in practice. The results suggest that the process of consolidating the sequence, which led ...
An elastase inhibitor from canine mandibular gland.

Ein Inhibitor der Enzyms-Elastase wird beschrieben und dessen biologische Bedeutung sowie die eventuelle therapeutische Verwendung diskutiert.
Highly effective ironporphyrin-immobilized catalytic systems for the processes of hydroxylation and epoxidation of lower alkanes and alkenes

The catalytic activity of the following samples in the hydroxylation reaction were studied: PPFe 3+ OH/AlSiCr, PPFe 3+ OH/AlSiMg, PPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 , and per-FTPhPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 . PPFe 3+ OH/AlSiMg-catalyzed methane hydroxylation yielded 46.5 wt% of methanol at a 48% methane conversion, at a maximum of 180°C. Per-FTPhPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 testing in propane hydroxylation by H 2 O 2 yielded 39.3 mol% of isopropanol. Per-FTPhPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 -catalyzed propylene oxidation by H 2 O 2 yielded 30 mol% of propylene oxide. PPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 -catalyzed propylene epoxidation yielded the following: the selectivity on the monooxygenase products is about 100%, the selectivity on propylene oxide - 59.2%, propylene conversion - 93.3%. The experimental research data revealed the fact that during the reaction of epoxidation per-FTPhPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 proved to be more stable under the influence of oxidizer and temperature than PPFe 3+ OH/Al 2 O 3 .
Usefulness of an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram for predicting cardiac death in elderly persons without heart disease.

We found an abnormal signal-averaged ECG in 7 of 51 elderly patiente (14%) (mean age 83 years) without clinical evidence of heart disease, and in 1 of 25 volunteers (4%) (mean age 31 years [range 17 to 47]) without clinical evidence of heart disease.1 The data from bur prospective study indicate that at 43-month mean follow-up, elderly patients with an abnormal signal-averaged ECG but no clinical evidence of heart disease do not have an increased incidence of sudden cardiac death, total cardiac death, or total death.
Optimal boarding method for airline passengers

Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo optimization algorithm and a computer simulation, I find the passenger ordering which minimizes the time required to board the passengers onto an airplane. The model that I employ assumes that the time that a passenger requires to load his or her luggage is the dominant contribution to the time needed to completely fill the aircraft. The optimal boarding strategy may reduce the time required to board and airplane by over a factor of four and possibly more depending upon the dimensions of the aircraft. I explore some features of the optimal boarding method and discuss practical modifications to the optimal. Finally, I mention some of the benefits that could come from implementing an improved passenger boarding scheme.
Computational models for the helix tilt angle.

The concept of hydrophobic imbalance and that of hydrophobic and hydrophilic centers are used along with side chain models in the computation of helix orientation and tilt angle in or near a membrane. Rotamer statistics are used to infer typical side chain positions and chain length for each amino acid, and the results are used in fast computation of helix orientation. Sliding windows are used to compute local tilt angles on long α-helices that defy idealized modeling and generate tilt angle profiles. Seven different procedures based on different formulas and hydrophobicity scales are used for comparison. These procedures generated very similar tilt angle profiles. These profiles provide insights into helix deformation, membrane destabilization, and similarity and differences between membrane proteins.
Genetic Relationships in Resistance to Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

Summary Data from 11 North Carolina dairy herds involving 956 animals were studied, and an estimate of heritability of resistance to mastitis of 0.27 ± 0.10 was obtained. The data also suggest that dominance deviations contribute to the total genetic variance. No demonstrable phenotypic relationship between mastitis and production was evident from the data. Use in artificial insemination of sires whose dams and sisters demonstrate resistance to mastitis presents the most promising immediate breeding approach.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adults

Purpose of reviewPatients born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the majority of which is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), have been studied by pediatric endocrinologists for decades and treated successfully since the pioneering work of Lawson Wilkins. As is the case for other previously
Management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

This brief review of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas emphasizes aspects of clinical research which have led to important improvements in the management of patients, and examines research questions with relevance for the future. In the intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas, strategies to intensify drug regimens have proved successful in raising rates of curative outcome. With the introduction of growth factors and peripheral stem cell transfusion to support nadir cytopenias it becomes possible to further develop dose-intense regimens. Identification and selection of poor prognostic subsets is key to the further application of these approaches, since the therapeutic ratio may be narrow and up to 50% of patients may be cured with less toxic regimens. In the low-grade lymphomas where a curative outcome is less certain, the application of intensive therapy has proved more controversial and results remain preliminary. Nevertheless, durable remissions appear achievable in advanced-stage CR patients utilizing low-dose consolidative irradiation or autologous transplantation. In contrast to intermediate-and high-grade lymphomas where intensive therapy is often reserved for responding poor-risk presentations, in low-grade lymphoma intensive therapy and consolidation is most successfully applied to good-risk patients.
Structure of a Bmi-1-Ring1B Polycomb Group Ubiquitin Ligase Complex

Polycomb group proteins Bmi-1 and Ring1B are core subunits of the PRC1 complex, which plays important roles in the regulation of Hox gene expression, X-chromosome inactivation, tumorigenesis, and stem cell self-renewal. The RING finger protein Ring1B is an E3 ligase that participates in the ubiquitination of lysine 119 of histone H2A, and the binding of Bmi-1 stimulates the E3 ligase activity. We have mapped the regions of Bmi-1 and Ring1B required for efficient ubiquitin transfer and determined a 2.5-A structure of the Bmi-1-Ring1B core domain complex. The structure reveals that Ring1B "hugs" Bmi-1 through extensive RING domain contacts and its N-terminal tail wraps around Bmi-1. The two regions of interaction have a synergistic effect on the E3 ligase activity. Our analyses suggest a model where the Bmi-1-Ring1B complex stabilizes the interaction between the E2 enzyme and the nucleosomal substrate to allow efficient ubiquitin transfer.
An adaptive viewing application for the web on personal digital assistants

With the proliferation of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), people are using such small devices to access the web; however, the web is not accommodating such access. Here, for small devices' users, we present an efficient method for extracting readable documents from XML-based files, which will be used for information streams for mobile Internet access. We designed a selector for handling information streams to extract the customized information based on the user request for the small screen devices. The selector's attributes can be adapted from an XML document, and then used for translating information streams into the new file that will be displayed on the devices. Also, the selector has visual menu interfaces so that users can easily choose each attribute according to their preferences. This is developed to devise an efficient method for the small screen computers' problems. Furthermore, we prepared usability testing for the application in order to find usability problems, and then we offer further progress to improve the usability of working on devices. The prototype and implementation of this approach will be also provided in this paper.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLTEN REACTOR FUELS AND COOLANTS

A summary is presented of the available physical property data on 94 molten fluoride salt mixtures which have been evaluated for utilization as high temperature fluid fuels and reactor coolants. Th...
Daughters and mothers exercising together: effects of home- and community-based programs.

RANSDELL, L. B., A. TAYLOR, D. OAKLAND, J. SCHMIDT, L. MOYER-MILEUR, and B. SHULTZ. Daughters and Mothers Exercising Together: Effects of Home- and Community-Based Programs. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 286–296, 2003.PurposeThis pilot study compares the effectiveness of home- and com
First and Second Law Analyses of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Either Isooctane or Hydrogen: An Initial Assessment

The use of either hydrogen or isooctane for a spark-ignition engine was examined using a thermodynamic cycle simulation including the second law of thermodynamics. The engine studied was a 5.7 liter, automotive engine operating from idle to wide open throttle. The hydrogen or isooctane was assumed premixed with the air. Two features of hydrogen combustion that were included in the study were the higher flame speeds (shorter burn durations) and the wider lean flammability limits (lean equivalence ratios). Three cases were considered for the use of hydrogen: (1) standard burn duration and an equivalence ratio of 1.0, (2) a shorter burn duration and an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and (3) a shorter burn duration and variable, lean equivalence ratios. The results included thermal efficiencies, other performance metrics, second law parameters, and nitric oxide emissions. In general, for the cases with an equivalence of 1.0, the brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower for the hydrogen cases due to the higher temperatures and higher heat losses. For the variable, lean equivalence ratio cases, the thermal efficiency was higher for the hydrogen case relative to the isooctane case. Due to the higher temperatures, the hydrogen cases had over 50% higher nitric oxide emissions compared to the isooctane case at the base conditions. In addition, the second law analyses indicated that the destruction of availability during the combustion process was lower for the base hydrogen case (11.2%) relative to the isooctane case (21.1%).© 2006 ASME
Multiple mating and the evolution of social behavior in the hymenoptera

The data on the frequency of mating by queens of eusocial Hymenoptera are reviewed. It is pointed out that the issue of sperm clumping is probably irrelevant to the evolution of eusociality. The hypothesis is presented that multiple mating is an adaptation for maintaining large colonies. In ants there is a significant relation between the size of the colony and the frequency of mating. The effect of multiple mating on the spread of a gene for worker behavior is explored. If a female mates twice, the effective number of matings is less than two except in the case of identical sperm contribution by the males. Sperm bias is defined as the contribution of unequal amounts of sperm by the males that mate with a queen. Sperm bias can be produced as a sampling phenomenon, by inter-male competition for females and by sperm competition. The relation between the ergonomic efficiency of the workers at the production of reproductives and the number of matings that is consistent with the evolution of eusociality is derived. If workers are only about 10% more efficient at producing reproductives within a eusocial colony than they are solitarily, then two matings by the queen will still produce a selective advantage to eusocial behavior.
In a Different Voice: Sign Language Preservation and America's Deaf Community

Abstract Current studies in heritage language learning have explored the linguistic and social-cultural issues of identity. Most scholars, however, overlook an important heritage language group in America: the Deaf community. This work seeks to redress this oversight by examining the ways Deaf people protected theirheritage language—American Sign Language—and their cultural identity during the early twentieth century. This period was especially hostile to the Deaf community, exemplified by increasing application of oralism in schools for the Deaf. Oralism, which teaches lip reading and speech instead of Sign Language, promised to integrate Deaf people into mainstream society. Deaf resistance to oralism took on many forms, including the support of Deaf teachers in schools, as well as Deaf churches, clubs, and Deaf newspapers. Individuals and organizations also exploited new technology in an effort to codify and legitimate their language, producing numerous Sign Language films and dictionaries. While solidi...