cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organization and morphology of masticatory neurons in the rat: a retrograde HRP study.

The somatic representations of the trigeminal (V) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves in the rat brainstem were examined by using retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport from peripheral nerves. HRP applied to either the mandibular division of V, or the V motor root, revealed the V motor nucleus (Mot V), a largely ellipsoid collection of multipolar motoneurons extending rostrally from the level of the facial genu to the rostral border of the principal sensory V nucleus. The distributions of major and minor axes of Mot V cell bodies were unimodal, ranging from 12 to 60 μm and 7 to 30 μm, respectively, while their somal diameters (D ) and areas were somewhat bimodally distributed. A smaller collection of cell bodies was also labelled along the medial trajectory of the V motor root in the ventrolateral pons. These cells were, as a rule, smaller than those in Mot V. A V motoneu-ron subnucleus innervating the anterior digastric and mylohyoid muscles (two main jaw openers) was also identified by HRP application to the mylo-hyoid nerve. This subnucleus extended the entire length of Mot V; at caudal levels it occupied the ventromedial margin; midway it almost disappeared, reappearing rostrally where the labelled cells were diffuse. Most labelled my-lohyoid axons coursed dorsomedially and rostrally toward the floor of the fourth ventricle before turning laterally as a V genu to exit the pons with the V motor root. To delineate the somatotopic organization of the V mesencephalic nu-cleus (Mes V), HRP was applied to the whole V mandibular ganglion, the V motor root, the lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid, and auriculotemporal nerves, individually or collectively, or the infraorbital nerve. In whole man-dibular cases, labelled Mes V cells extended from the level of caudal Mot V to the level of the rostral superior colliculus. Mes V had a widened caudal base and a tapered rostral end that occupied the lateral margin of the central gray. Mes V cells were unipolar with unimodal distributions of major and minor axes which ranged from 12 to 42 μm and 5 to 25 μm, respectively. Labelled cells were visible at all levels of Mes V, but primarily caudally, following inferior alveolar nerve applications. Infraorbital nerve applications also labelled Mes V cells, though only caudally. Applications of HRP to the mylohyoid or auriculotemporal nerves labelled few, if any, Mes V cells. None at all were observed following lingual nerve HRP applications. Retrogradely labelled cells were also observed in the supratrigeminal nucleus following either whole mandibular or inferior alveolar applications and in the dorsolat-eral parvicellular reticular formation in whole mandibular cases. XII moto-neurons innervating tongue extensor muscles were labelled following HRP application to the ascending ramus of XII. These cells formed a subnucleus largely in the ventromedial central gray of the medulla. The distributions of major and minor axes of these cells were unimodal and ranged from 17 to 45 μm and 9 to 29 μm, respectively.
Interactive characters for cultural training of small military units

CHAOS, the Combat Hunter Action and Observation Simulation, is an immersive simulation training environment which gives small military units the experience of interacting with local Afghan villagers during a patrol. It is a physical build-out of a housing compound in a mock Afghan village, with several lifesize reactive and interactive animated Pashto-speaking virtual characters. The exercise requires an infantry squad to locate and interview a character named Omar, communicating through a live human interpreter and attending to proper protocol regarding Omar’s family.
Radiation-hard optical link for SLHC

Abstract We study the feasibility of fabricating an optical link for the SLHC ATLAS silicon tracker based on the current pixel optical link architecture. The electrical signals between the current pixel modules and the optical modules are transmitted via micro-twisted cables. The optical signals between the optical modules and the data acquisition system are transmitted via radiation-hard/low-bandwidth SIMM fibres fusion spliced to radiation-tolerant/medium-bandwidth GRIN fibres. The link has several nice features. We have measured the bandwidths of the micro-twisted-pair cables to be ∼1 Gb/s and the fusion spliced fibre ribbon to be ∼2 Gb/s. We have irradiated PIN and VCSEL arrays with 24 GeV protons and find the arrays can operate up to the SLHC dosage. We have also demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating a novel opto-pack for housing VCSEL and PIN arrays with BeO as the substrate.
Tracking fluvial response to climate change in the Pacific Northwest: a combined provenance approach using Ar and Nd isotopic systems on fine-grained sediments

Abstract Traditional provenance techniques (Nd isotopes and clay mineralogy) are combined with recently developed bulk sediment 40Ar–39Ar radiometric methods to determine how the terrestrial sources of sediment to the Oregon continental margin have changed over the last 25,000 years. Both Pacific Northwest river-borne detritus, and sediment from piston coring site EW9504-17PC (2671 m water depth) offshore southern Oregon have been analyzed. Nd isotopic analyses of river silts show a range of 10 units in eNd. North of the core site, the Columbia River has eNd=–7.6, while the Coos River has a value of eNd=−10.8. Rivers proximal to the core site have more radiogenic values from north to south, of eNd=−5.0 (Umpqua River), eNd=−1.3 (Rogue River), eNd=−0.6 (Klamath River) and eNd=−3.0 (Eel River). Measured eNd in core sediments show subtle downcore changes, between eNd=−0.9 and −2.5. The bulk sediment 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages show more notable downcore variation between 25 and 14 ka, ranging from 113.5 to 124.0 Ma, but are still within the range of bulk ages previously measured on river mouth sediments. The Nd isotopic analyses are combined with bulk sediment 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages into a ternary mixing model to quantitatively assess the sources of terrigenous material. Mixtures are best described by three sources proximal to the core site (the Umpqua, Rogue+Klamath and Eel Rivers) from ∼14 ka to Present. Sediment deposited in the interval from 22 to 25 ka is not adequately described by the present-day rivers and requires an additional source. This additional source is best explained by an enhanced contribution from the interior Cascade volcanic arc, probably due to glaciation in the Cascade Range and the presence of pluvial Lake Modoc in the Upper Klamath Basin at this time. From 22 to 14 ka, the influence of Cascade Range sediment at the core site was overprinted by contemporaneous glaciation and sediment production in the Klamath Mountains, and possibly addition of sediment from the Eel River region as well. Thus, differential erosion appears to play a primary role in the provenance changes seen at the core site, and is more significant than sediment transport changes due to ocean circulation during this time period. Overall, the combined Ar–Nd isotopic technique provides insight into the coupling of land surface processes and ocean circulation related to climate change and will be a useful provenance tool in a variety of geologic/climatic settings.
Preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation among patients 80 years or older: the views of patients and their physicians.

Objective To describe the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preferences of hospitalized patients aged 80 and older. To examine physicians’ perceptions of their patients’ preferences and agreement between patients’ and physicians’ preferences, estimation of prognosis, and assessment of quality of life. Design Prospective cohort study Setting Four academic hospitals. Participants Patients 80 years or older hospitalized between January 1993 and November 1994. Measurements Detailed clinical data were collected by chart review and interview. Patients and physicians were interviewed to determine their preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Agreement between patients and physicians was assessed using the kappa statistic, which measures agreement beyond chance. Results Of the 1266 patients studied, their median age was 85 years, and 61% were female. The majority (55%) of the 1010 patients with CPR preference information available desired CPR. Compared with patients, fewer physicians wanted CPR (36%) if they were in their patients’ condition. Agreement between patients’ preferences and physicians’ perceptions of these preferences was low (absolute agreement 63%, kappa = 0.21). Agreement was better between physicians’ perceptions of patients’ preferences and physicians’ desire for themselves if they were in their patients’ condition (66%, kappa = 0.36). Agreement between patients’ and physicians’ estimates of survival was only slight (46%, kappa = 0.10). The majority of the disagreement occurred when the physician's prognostic estimate was worse than the patient's. Conclusions The majority of hospitalized patients 80 years and older wanted CPR. When asked to imagine themselves in the same clinical situation as their patients, physicians were much less likely to want CPR and viewed CPR as undesirable for most patients. Physicians’ estimates of patients’ prognoses were less optimistic than patients’ estimates, raising the possibility that physicians’ knowledge of older patients’ poor outcomes from CPR explains their lack of enthusiasm about CPR for most patients 80 years and older.
Rapid Identification and Discrimination of Brucella Isolates by Use of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis

Definitive identification of Brucella species remains a challenge due to the high degree of genetic homology shared within the genus. We report the development of a molecular technique which utilizes real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis to reliably type members of this genus. Using a panel of seven primer sets, we tested 153 Brucella spp. isolates with >99% accuracy compared to traditional techniques. This assay provides a useful diagnostic tool that can rapidly type Brucella isolates and has the potential to detect novel species. This approach may also prove helpful for clinical, epidemiological and veterinary investigations.
Diffraction Images in the Polarizing Microscope

In the polarizing microscope set for extinction, only that image whose polarization has been altered is available to form an image. The lenses themselves introduce such an alternation by rotation of the plane of polarization of rays having oblique incidence. This paper shows that the diffraction image of a pinhole has the form sin2θ·J3(r)/r, where θ and r are polar coordinates in the image plane. The image has four bright zones separated by a dark cross and the central pattern becomes a four-leaf clover form. The diffraction image of a point source through a plate of uniaxial crystal cut perpendicular to its optic axis (z-cut) is also a four-leaf clover when the polarizers are crossed. When the polarizers are parallel, the diffraction image becomes similar to that of an astigmatic system.
The Enhanced Hypercalcemic Response to 20-Epi-1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Results from a Selective and Prolonged Induction of Intestinal Calcium-Regulating Genes

20-Epi-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3) is a vitamin D analog that exhibits unique biologic properties. The mechanism(s) responsible for these activities remains unclear. Here we explore the ability of 20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3 to induce calcemic responses in mice in vivo and identify a potential mechanism. Surprisingly, the levels of calcemia induced at 24 h after single injections of equivalent doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 or 20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3 were similar, suggesting that both compounds were equal in both potency and efficacy. This similarity was also observed at genes involved in calcium homeostasis including, S100g (calbindin D9K), Trpv6, Cldn2 (claudin 2), Trpv5, and Tnfsf11 (Rankl) as well as Cyp24a1. Despite this, the activities of the two compounds at 48 h were strikingly different. Thus, whereas the activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 declined at this time point, the response to 20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3 was increased. This unique profile was not due to an exaggerated induction of calcium regulating genes in the intestine, kidney, or bone but to a sustained action on these genes in the intestine. This conclusion was supported by studies using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, which revealed a prolonged presence of vitamin D receptor and RNA polymerase II at the Trpv6 and Cyp24a1 promoters and a sustained increase in histone 4 acetylation in these gene regions as well. We conclude that 20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3 displays superagonist properties largely as a result of its duration of action in the intestine. This action is likely due to a decrease in the rate of intestinal-specific degradation of the ligand rather than to an increase in the functional stability of the vitamin D receptor.
Distinct regulatory pathways control neurofilament expression and neurotransmitter synthesis in immortalized serotonergic neurons

Following infection of dissociated embryonic day 13 rat medullary raphe cells with a retrovirus encoding the temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T-antigen (T-ag), a neuronal cell line, RN46A, was cloned by serial dilution. At 33 degrees C, RN46A cells express nuclear T-ag immunoreactivity and divide with a doubling time of 9 hr. Undifferentiated RN46A cells express low levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and low (NF-L)-and medium (NF-M)- but not high (NF-H)-molecular-weight neurofilament proteins. Under differentiation conditions, RN46A cells cease dividing, take on a neuronal morphology, and express enhanced levels of NSE and all three NF proteins. Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels increases neurofilament protein expression, whereas activators of various other intracellular second messenger systems have no effect. Differentiated RN46A cells express low-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (p75NGFR) and are immunoreactive using an antibody that recognizes the carboxy-terminal 13 amino acids of all three trk proteins (pan-trk). Both immunoreactivities could be potentiated by treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NGF, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, fragment 4-10 (ACTH4-10). Differentiated RN46A cells express low levels of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) immunoreactivity, which could be enhanced by treatment with ACTH4-10, BDNF, or NGF. Low levels of serotonin immunoreactivity are detected in differentiated RN46A cells, and this was potentiated by differentiating RN46A cells with BDNF for 8 d and 40 mM KCl for days 4-8. HPLC analysis confirmed these immunohistochemical data. RN46A cells should prove useful to elucidate intracellular mechanisms that control neurofilament assembly and 5-HT expression in differentiating raphe neurons.
Relevance assignment and fusion of multiple learning methods applied to remote sensing image analysis

With the advances in remote sensing, various machine learning techniques could be applied to study variable relationships. Although prediction models obtained using machine learning techniques has proven to be suitable for predictions, they do not explicitly provide means for determining input-output variable relevance. We investigated the issue of relevance assignment for multiple machine learning models applied to remote sensing variables in the context of terrestrial hydrology. The relevance is defined as the influence of an input variable with respect to predicting the output result. We introduce a methodology for assigning relevance using various machine learning methods. The learning methods we use include regression tree, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbor. We derive the relevance computation scheme for each learning method and propose a method for fusing relevance assignment results from multiple learning techniques by averaging and voting mechanism. All methods are evaluated in terms of relevance accuracy estimation with synthetic and measured data.
Growth of InAs quantum dots on GaAsSb for the realization of a quantum dot solar cell

The InAs/GaAsSb quantum dot/barrier material system has been identified as a candidate for implementing the quantum dot (QD) solar cell for an Sb content of ∼ 12%. We present results from the growth of this system on GaAs substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The results show that the growth of GaAsSb requires special care in order to ensure the highest quality interface and also to maintain the Sb composition. When InAs QDs are grown on the GaAsSb, the role of strain in determining the properties of the QDs is seen to be profound. Results from PL studies show that the sizes of the QDs are controlled by the GaAsSb layer thickness and hence the residual strain at the GaAsSb surface. In addition a change from type I to type II transitions can be affected by this method. The implications of these results plus the influence of the substrate choice, and so the strain, on the system properties will be discussed in terms of a QD solar cell design with a strain balanced design enabling a much larger active region and hence higher absorption.
Best practices for the effective implementation of telerounding

The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation of tele-medicine systems has. Telerounding is one specific subset of telemedicine where a team of physicians will gather in a specific location and use a telepresence robot to perform their day to day rounding procedures. This type of telemedicine is fairly new, and thus is lacking a solid research base to guide the implementation and usage of such a system. This paper is an initial attempt at a comprehensive list of best practices for such a system and is based off of current telemedicine literature as well as the experience of the authors.
Tsunami: AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion Impedes Access to Justice

This essay explores the policy implications of the Supreme Court’s recent 5-4 decision in AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion. Concepcion held that lower courts’ use of California’s Discover Bank rule to hold unconscionable a class action waiver contained in an arbitration clause was preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act. Following the decision, commentators observed that the impact of the decision would depend on how narrowly or broadly the holding would be interpreted by lower courts. After examining post-Concepcion lower court decisions focused on the validity of arbitral class action waivers this essay finds that that most courts are interpreting Concepcion broadly, thereby dooming most unconscionability attacks on arbitral class action waivers. The essay then explores the policy implications of this trend. It suggests that if not legislatively or administratively limited Concepcion will substantially harm consumers, employees, and perhaps others by permitting companies to use arbitration clauses to exempt themselves from class actions, thereby giving them free rein to engage in fraud, torts, discrimination, and other harmful acts.
Robust asymptotic stability of 2-D shift-variant discrete state-space systems

The results described in this paper provide conditions for the asymptotic stability of 2-D shift-variant uncertain systems expressed using the Roesser state-space description. A necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of 1-D systems involves checking all products of extreme matrices. The same test is shown to apply to 2-D systems, although the corresponding stability condition is sufficient, but not necessary.
Separation of acetic acid from the aqueous fraction of fast pyrolysis bio-oils using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes

Abstract The feasibility of removing small organic acids from the aqueous fraction of fast pyrolysis bio-oils using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was studied. Experiments were conducted with commercially available polymeric NF and RO membranes and aqueous solutions of increasing complexity, i.e., single solute solutions of acetic acid and glucose, binary solute solutions containing both acetic acid and glucose, and a model aqueous fraction of bio-oil (AFBO) containing acetic acid, formic acid, hydroxyacetone, furfural, guaiacol, catechol and glucose. Feed concentrations close to those in real AFBO were chosen. These concentrations, ranging as high as 34 wt%, were generally at least an order of magnitude higher than previously studied in the literature for related membrane separations. Retention factors above 90% for glucose and below 0% for acetic acid were observed at feed pressures near 40 bar for single and binary solutions, so that their separation in the model AFBO was expected to be feasible. However, all of the membranes were irreversibly damaged when experiments were conducted with the model AFBO due to the presence of guaiacol in the feed solution. Experiments with model AFBO excluding guaiacol were also conducted. NF membranes showed retention factors of glucose greater than 80% and of acetic acid less than −15% when operated at transmembrane pressures near 60 bar.
Bistability explains threshold phenomena in protein aggregation both in vitro and in vivo.

Neurodegenerative disease can originate from the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, such as Amyloid-β, SOD1, or Huntingtin. Fortunately, all cells possess protein quality control machinery that sequesters misfolded proteins, either refolding or degrading them, before they can self-associate into proteotoxic oligomers and aggregates. This activity is largely performed by the stress response chaperones (i.e., Hsp70). However, the expression level of molecular chaperones varies widely among cell types. To understand the potential consequence of this variation, we studied the process of protein aggregation in the presence of molecular chaperones using mathematical modeling. We demonstrate that protein aggregation, in the presence of molecular chaperones, is a bistable process. Bistability in protein aggregation offers an explanation for threshold transitions to high aggregate concentration, which are observed both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we show that slight variations in chaperone concentration, due to natural fluctuations, have important consequences in a bistable system for the onset of protein aggregation. Therefore, our results offer a possible theoretical explanation for neuronal vulnerability observed in vivo and the onset of neurodegenerative phenotypes in neurons lacking an effective heat-shock response.
Phenome-driven disease genetics prediction toward drug discovery.

Motivation: Discerning genetic contributions to diseases not only enhances our understanding of disease mechanisms, but also leads to translational opportunities for drug discovery. Recent computational approaches incorporate disease phenotypic similarities to improve the prediction power of disease gene discovery. However, most current studies used only one data source of human disease phenotype. We present an innovative and generic strategy for combining multiple different data sources of human disease phenotype and predicting disease-associated genes from integrated phenotypic and genomic data. Results: To demonstrate our approach, we explored a new phenotype database from biomedical ontologies and constructed Disease Manifestation Network (DMN). We combined DMN with mimMiner, which was a widely used phenotype database in disease gene prediction studies. Our approach achieved significantly improved performance over a baseline method, which used only one phenotype data source. In the leave-one-out cross-validation and de novo gene prediction analysis, our approach achieved the area under the curves of 90.7% and 90.3%, which are significantly higher than 84.2% (P < e−4) and 81.3% (P < e−12) for the baseline approach. We further demonstrated that our predicted genes have the translational potential in drug discovery. We used Crohn’s disease as an example and ranked the candidate drugs based on the rank of drug targets. Our gene prediction approach prioritized druggable genes that are likely to be associated with Crohn’s disease pathogenesis, and our rank of candidate drugs successfully prioritized the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for Crohn’s disease. We also found literature evidence to support a number of drugs among the top 200 candidates. In summary, we demonstrated that a novel strategy combining unique disease phenotype data with system approaches can lead to rapid drug discovery. Availability and implementation: nlp.case.edu/public/data/DMN Contact: ude.esac@xxr
Crystal structure of glycosylasparaginase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum

The crystal structure of recombinant glycosylasparaginase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum has been determined at 2.32 angstroms resolution. This enzyme is a glycoamidase that cleaves the link between the asparagine and the N-acetylglucosamine of N-linked oligosaccharides and plays a major role in the degradation of glycoproteins. The three-dimensional structure of the bacterial enzyme is very similar to that of the human enzyme, although it lacks the four disulfide bridges found in the human enzyme. The main difference is the absence of a small random coil domain at the end of the alpha-chain that forms part of the substrate binding cleft and that has a role in the stabilization of the tetramer of the human enzyme. The bacterial glycosylasparaginase is observed as an (alphabeta)2-tetramer in the crystal, despite being a dimer in solution. The study of the structure of the bacterial enzyme allows further evaluation of the effects of disease-causing mutations in the human enzyme and confirms the suitability of the bacterial enzyme as a model for functional analysis.
Ecological response to and management of increased flooding caused by climate change

River channels and their flood plains are among the most naturally dynamic ecosystems on earth, in large part due to periodic flooding. The components of a river's natural flood regime (magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of peak flows) interact to maintain great habitat heterogeneity and to promote high species diversity and ecosystem productivity. Flood regimes vary within and among rivers, depending on catchment size, geology and regional hydroclimatology. Geographic variation in contemporary flood regimes results in river-to-river variation in ecosystem structure, and therefore in potential river ecosystem response to increased future flooding. The greater the deviation in flood regime from contemporary or recent historical conditions, the greater the expected ecological alteration. Ecological response will also depend on how extensively humans have altered natural river dynamics through land-use practices. Examples of human-caused changes in flood regime (e.g. urbanization, agricultural practices) provide analogues to explore the ecological implications of region-specific climate change. In many settings where humans have severely modified rivers (e.g. through leveeing), more frequent larger floods will work to re-establish connections with severed flood-plain and riparian wetlands in human-dominated river valleys. Developing and implementing non-structural flood-management policies based on ecological principles can benefit river ecosystems, as well as human society.
The Need for Nurse Training to Promote Improved Patient-Provider Communication for Patients With Complex Communication Needs

Abstract Hospitalized patients across the age continuum often present with complex communication needs (CCN) due to motor, sensory, cognitive, and linguistic barriers they may experience during the...
Productivity of U.S. LIS and ischool faculty

Abstract This examination is the latest in a series of analyses of scholarly productivity by individuals and library and information science programs and ischools (limited to those with master's programs accredited by the American Library Association). Productivity is defined as numbers of publications authored and numbers of citations received in the years 2008 through 2013. The most productive individuals according to each measure are presented. Data are also collected for institutions (by adding the publications and the citations for all of the program's full-time tenured or tenure-track faculty). The institutional data are aggregated and the most productive programs are ranked. A principal result is that both individuals and programs are responsible for many more publications and citations than in the past.
“Intercellular bridges” in a case of well differentiated squamous carcinoma

Intercellular bridges may aide in definitive identification of malignant cell origin, especially in squamous cell carcinoma. They are difficult to identify in routine cytologic specimens and are especially rare in smear preparations. Herein, we present images of intercellular bridges from a case of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a cytologic specimen obtained from FNA of a paraesophageal lymph node.
Civil Aviation to 1970

For the period to 1970, an increase of up to 2-1/2 times the 1960 passenger-mile traffic is expected. Increase in air freight is more uncertain and will depend primarily on the extent to which air freight costs can be reduced. By 1970, civil fixed wing aircraft probably will reach a maximum gross weight of 350,000 lb and have longer nonstop capabilities than the present (1964) civil transports. No radical increase in speed of aircraft or required runway length is anticipated. The supersonic transport is not expected to be introduced into service until after 1970. Noise will continue to be a significant problem at many airports throughout the world. In-runway lighting, arresting devices, and improved approach and landing aid for all-weather operation will be implemented at high density airports.
Complement-Dependent Cytotoxic Antitumor Antibody. II. Quantitative Determination of Cell-Bound Immunoglobulin M

A method for the quantitative determination of rabbit IgM bound to cell surfaces has been developed. This method was based on the ability of goat IgG specific for rabbit IgM heavy chains to bind 125I-labeled protein A when bound to the antigen. With the use of this technique the production of specific IgM antitumor antibodies in New Zealand White rabbits after immunization with guinea pig hepatoma cells line-1 and line-10 was followed. Differences in the production of IgM were observed between the different bleedings from rabbits immunized with line-1. No significant IgM antibody was produced following immunization of rabbits with line-10 tumor cells. This indirect method for determining IgM on the cell surfaces was objective, easy to perform, and detected complement-fixing and noncomplement-fixing antibodies. In addition, this technique could be applied to quantify other components on the cell surface for which a suitable specific antibody was available.
Abstract 2852: Hyperdense MCA Sign- Objective Criteria for Measurement

Background and Objective Hyperdense middle cerebral artery (HDMCA) sign is an early sign seen on CT head after acute ischemic stroke indicating acute arterial thrombosis. We aimed to measure HDMCA sign objectively. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 151 cases of acute ischemic stroke eligible for IV rt-PA by time criteria, admitted to Mayo Clinic from March, 2002 through June, 2011. Admission CT Head was studied to identify HDMCA sign. All patients had either 24 hour CT head or MRI head to confirm the stroke in the same vessel territory. MCA was measured in Hounsfield units and was compared to the contralateral MCA. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results Mean admission NIHSS score was 11±7. HDMCA sign was seen in 93 (62%) patients. ROC curve analysis for ipsilateral MCA Hounsfield units had an area under the curve 0.88 (p Conclusion A combination of ipsilateral HU more than equal to 50 or a ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral MCA HU more than equal to 1.23 can objectively identify HDMCA sign with good sensitivity and high specificity.
Selective Neck Dissection for Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A computerized Ovid search of MEDLINE 1966-September 2003 was performed. The term “neck dissection” was exploded and cross-referenced with articles containing the keywords “selective” or “supraomohyoid” Next, these articles were cross-referenced with articles obtained by exploding the following terms: “head and neck neoplasms” “mouth neoplasms,” “otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms,” and “pharyngeal neoplasms.” The resulting 141 articles were reviewed to determine if they met our inclusion criteria. We required: 1) a distinct population of patients with previous untreated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with N0 necks, 2) intervention with ipsilateral or bilateral supraomohyoid neck dissection (SND) compared with modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and 3) outcome measures of regional recurrence and survival. In addition, the reference lists of included articles and all review articles that were obtained were manually checked to ensure that all known relevant articles were included.
Catalogue of Texas Spiders

This catalogue lists 1,084 species of spiders (three identified to genus only) in 311 genera from 53 families currently recorded from Texas and is based on the "Bibliography of Texas Spiders" published by Bea Vogel in 1970. The online list of species can be found at http://pecanspiders.tamu.edu/spidersoftexas.htm. Many taxonomic revisions have since been published, particularly in the families Araneidae, Gnaphosidae and Leptonetidae. Many genera in other families have been revised. The Anyphaenidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Nesticidae, Sicariidae and Tetragnathidae were also revised. Several families have been added and others split up. Several genera of Corinnidae were transferred to Phrurolithidae and Trachelidae. Two genera from Miturgidae were transferred to Eutichuridae. Zoridae was synonymized under Miturgidae. A single species formerly in Amaurobiidae is now in the Family Amphinectidae. Some trapdoor spiders in the family Ctenizidae have been transferred to Euctenizidae. Gertsch and Mulaik started a list of Texas spiders in 1940. In a letter from Willis J. Gertsch dated October 20, 1982, he stated "Years ago a first listing of the Texas fauna was published by me based largely on Stanley Mulaik material, but it had to be abandoned because of other tasks." This paper is a compendium of the spiders of Texas with distribution, habitat, collecting method and other data available from revisions and collections. This includes many records and unpublished data (including data from three unpublished studies). One of these studies included 16,000 adult spiders belonging to 177 species in 29 families. All specimens in that study were measured and results are in the appendix. Hidalgo County has 340 species recorded with Brazos County at 323 and Travis County at 314 species. These reflect the amount of collecting in the area.
The Dark Side of Tort Reform: Searching for Racial Justice

While few who have urged tort reform have recognized racism as one of the principal barriers to social justice, this article claims it is essential to discuss race discrimination in order to have true tort reform and to address the problems inherent in the tort doctrine. The article emphasizes the race issue impacts every aspect of a tort claim and adversely affects lawyers, clients, and the public view on justice. Pretending race has nothing to do with tort law or utilizing a colorblind approach only reinforces inequality within the system. Stories of people of color, in addition to what empirical studies of judgments and verdicts are available, shed some light on the serious problems within the tort system with regards to racial justice albeit only scratching the surface. The article concludes by suggesting some tort reform measures that could ease the pain of participants in the tort system.
Coronary arteriovenous fistula with coexisting atrial septal defect

A 36-year-old Hispanic woman was referred for an asymptomatic cardiac murmur and auscultation revealed wide and fixed second heart sound. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severely dilated right atrium and ventricle. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) confirmed left-to-right shunt through secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) (1.5 cm×2.0 cm×2.5 cm), with Qp:Qs 2:1 on Doppler studies (figure 1). In view of large ASD size and inadequate superior rim of tissue, the patient was planned for surgical …
Residual Effectiveness of Emulsion and Encapsulated Formulations of Malathion and Fenitrothion against Four Stored Grain Beetles

Emulsifiable concentrate and encapsulated formulations of malathion and fenitrothion were applied to plywood surfaces at 135, 269, 538, 807, and 1076 mg Al/m2 to determine their toxicity and persistence against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, red flour beetle T. castaneum (Herbst), and lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The insects were exposed to the treated surfaces for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo posttreatment, and 96 h readings were made 12 mo posttreatment. In general, fenitrothion was more effective than malathion in comparative tests. Also, the encapsulations were more persistent than the emulsion. T. confusum was the most tolerant to the killing action of the residues. Persistence of residues and insecticidal activity were in direct relation to dosage application.
A clinical audit on antibiotic prescribing in the Oral Surgery Department following General Anaesthetic and Intravenous sedation outpatient procedures at Guy's Dental Hospital

Results: The patient’s were 92 males and 121 female. All surgeries were bimaxillary osteotomy or single jaw surgery. All had completed active orthodontics. There was high satisfaction with patient-clinician relationship and continuity with the centralised model but concerns with access and waiting times. There was no difference between surgeons (P > 0.05). The overall score was over 90%. Conclusions: There were high levels of satisfaction with different aspects of orthognathic treatment pathway and outcome and gold standard achieved. The centralised model of care was not highlighted as a concern. The study is limited by recall bias due to the retrospective design and should be repeated prospectively.
Training Counseling Students to Develop Group Leadership Self-Efficacy and Multicultural Competence Through Service Learning

This article describes a service-learning project designed to increase student group leadership self-efficacy and multicultural competence. Students facilitated debriefing groups for campus and community members after they participated in a theater production aimed at increasing awareness of oppression, power, and privilege. Students completed pre- and posttest measures to evaluate this approach. After completing the project, there was a significant increase in students’ group leadership self-efficacy and a trend toward significance in multicultural knowledge. However, there was no change in multicultural awareness. Implications for incorporating service learning as a teaching strategy in counselor education preparing students to conduct group work are discussed.
Between a Rock and a Hard place: a Trauma-Informed Approach to Documenting the Traumatic Experiences of Tamil Refugees

Refugees and asylum seekers typically experience dislocation, persecution, and significant cultural adjustments, making them highly vulnerable populations that deserve more attention from helping professionals. As a profession grounded in human rights and committed to serving disenfranchised populations, social work is well situated to attend to the needs of refugees, asylum seekers, and other displaced populations. These populations often experience multiple forms of trauma from their own governments as well as from rebel forces. This project models a trauma-informed approach to research using an assessment tool tailored to the South Asian Tamil population. Data are presented on the traumatic experiences and related sequelae for 30 Tamils living in the USA and Canada. The majority experienced multiple traumatic events including lack of food or clean water, being displaced, lack of shelter, ill health without access to medical care, murder of a family member or someone known, being detained, and beatings. Most respondents reported dwelling on their traumatic experiences, feeling as though they were happening again, feeling hopeless, recurrent bad dreams, and having less interest in daily activities. The data presented here can inform helping professionals about the lived experiences of this population. Considerations for helping professionals working with this population are included.
Matching Supply and Demand

Chapter 5 describes the supply and production of health insurance by different groups in the health economy. The study of matching supply and demand in order to determine the features of health insurance plans in the marketplace is the subject of this chapter. This chapter begins with an examination of equilibrium, an economic concept that refers to the matching of supply and demand, trading-off the consumer’s willingness to pay a premium for health insurance with the producer’s willingness to accept that premium. In theory, the equilibrium provision of health insurance should be optimal under specific market conditions. In health insurance, market failures may result in suboptimal health insurance, and health insurance policymakers can attempt to use subsidies, taxes, and regulation to optimize health insurance. In all health insurance markets, the result of choices by health insurance consumers and producers leads to partial health insurance. Individuals have choices about whether to accept or reject coverage. Health insurance companies have a range of choices about what types of health insurance to offer, and which markets to participate in. Employers and governments have choices about whether to offer health insurance, what type of health insurance to offer, and how much of a subsidy to provide for health insurance. Providers also have choices about whether to offer health insurance services. Finally, this chapter examines the result of the choice about health insurance on one group in particular—the uninsured. This group of individuals does not have health insurance coverage, although that definition becomes difficult to implement in terms of measuring the size of the uninsured population. There are several important explanations of uninsurance, as well as alternatives to health insurance for the uninsured. Finally, this chapter examines the consequences of uninsurance, both for the individual without health insurance and for society at large. Those consequences motivate the discussion of health insurance policy in the final section of the book.
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ

Abstract Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an endogenous peptide that is found in brain, immune, vascular endothelial and sertoli cells. It binds to and activates its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like 1 receptor (ORL1) that is now more commonly referred to as the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. NOP agonists, such as this peptide, are active on cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, immune system, vascular endothelium and testes. N/OFQ actions include, but are not limited to, modulation of: nociceptive sensitivity, anxiety, feeding, heart rate, diuresis, locomotion, learning and memory, female reproductive behavior and stress and immune responses.
Social Bookmarking Sites: A Review

Social bookmarking tools allow users to store, manage, search, organize, and share their bookmarks online and access them from anywhere. Although these tools have been around since the mid-90s, librarians have not generally embraced them as tools for building information resources. However, these are incredibly useful tools for collaboration and information sharing. Following is a brief description of some of the more popular social bookmarking sites and ways in which librarians are using them to help users navigate the Web. Features of Social Bookmarking Sites
Medical Malpractice: Analysis of Factors Driving Litigation and Insight into Reducing Risk

Medical malpractice litigation is a topic of great importance for practicing physicians. This chapter introduces the general legal principles of prosecuting a medical malpractice lawsuit against a physician. It is important for physicians to understand the legal standard by which they are judged in the court system. Equally important is the understanding of why patients choose to sue physicians and what types of patients are most likely to sue. Surgeons who practice in the field of urogynecology sometimes face different risks than their counterparts in other specialties. While medical malpractice litigation will never be eliminated, there are tactics that can be used by physicians to greatly reduce the chance of being sued.
HGFL-mediated RON signaling supports breast cancer stem cell phenotypes via activation of non-canonical β-catenin signaling

// Sasha J. Ruiz-Torres 1 , Nancy M. Benight 1 , Rebekah A. Karns 2 , Elyse E. Lower 3 , Jun-Lin Guan 1 and Susan E. Waltz 1, 4 1 Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA 2 Division of Bioinformatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA 4 Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA Correspondence to: Susan E. Waltz, email: susan.waltz@uc.edu Keywords: RON receptor tyrosine kinase, HGFL, breast cancer stem cells, β-CATENIN, breast cancer Received: March 29, 2017 Accepted: July 11, 2017 Published: July 22, 2017 ABSTRACT Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which drive tumor progression, recurrence, and metastasis, are considered a major challenge for breast cancer treatments, thus the discovery of novel pathways regulating BCSC maintenance remains essential to develop new strategies to effectively target this population and combat disease mortality. The HGFL-RON signaling is overexpressed in human breast cancers and is associated with increased breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Here, we report that overexpression of RON/MST1R and HGFL/MST1 in cell lines and primary tumors increases BCSC self-renewal, numbers, and tumorigenic potential after syngeneic transplantation. Transcriptome analyses also reveal that the HGFL-RON signaling pathway regulates additional BCSC functions and supports an immunosuppressive microenvironment to stimulate tumor formation and progression. Moreover, we show that genetic and chemical downregulation of HGFL-RON signaling disrupts BCSC phenotypes and tumor growth by suppressing the RON-mediated phosphorylation/activation of β-CATENIN/CTNNB1 and its effector NF-κB/RELA. These studies indicate that HGFL-RON signaling regulates BCSC phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to drive tumorigenesis and present HGFL/RON as novel therapeutic targets to effectively eradicate BCSCs in patients.