cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polyfluoroalkyl sulfites: Preparation and properties

Abstract The first polyfluoroalkyl sulfite esters have been prepared and characterized. These materials show considerably greater resistance to thermal decomposition, hydrolysis, and oxidation than non-fluorinated alkyl sulfites.
Comparison of the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum acetylsalicylate and acetylsalicylic acid in man.

The gastrointestinal absorption rate and biological availability of aluminum acetylsalicylate have been studied in human subjects by the urinary excretion method. Acetylsalicylic acid absorption from orally administered aluminum acetylsalicylate was found to be less rapid than from aspirin, probably due to the very slow dissolution of the aluminum salt in gastrointestinal fluids. In the form used in this study, aluminum acetylsalicylate was incompletely absorbed after oral administration. Dosage forms containing this drug must be carefully evaluated with respect to absorption rate and biological availability.
Infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy in low-pressure flames

Summary form only given. We have recently employed Infrared Cavity Ringdown Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (IRCRLAS) as a diagnostic tool for combustion chemistry studies. A tunable, single-mode OPO laser system (STI Mirage 3000) is utilized to obtain high-resolution rovibrational spectra of reactive species in low-pressure flames (10-100 torr). The high sensitivity and generality of the ringdown method for combustion studies is demonstrated in a variety of hydrogen and hydrocarbon flames. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to obtain spatially resolved (1-D) spectra of reactants, radicals, and products within a relatively narrow spectral region.
Blessed assurance: The role of religion and spirituality in Alzheimer's disease caregiving and other significant life events

Abstract Increasing attention in the scientific literature is being given to the relationships among religion, spirituality, and overall well-being. Moreover, research has repeatedly identified religion and spirituality as significant coping resources throughout the life course. For this study, a group of 20 Catholic and Protestant older adults were interviewed; half were caregivers of a spouse with Alzheimer's disease and half were noncaregivers. The informants were asked about their views on religion, spirituality, and how they integrated their faith into their lives. Qualitative analysis identified several themes reinforcing previous work that has shown religion and spirituality are important dimensions to the human experience. All of the informants had integrated religious and spiritual beliefs and practices into their lives to help make sense out of stressful situations. The findings underscore the need for further scientific inquiry that examines how religion and spirituality promote healthy adaptation to significant life events.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Geminate Recombination in Liquids

transfer rate, Coulomb interactions between the ions generated by the forward transfer, and donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor excluded volumes. The forward transfer data, in both the solid and liquid solutions, are in very good agreement with calculations. Virtually identical forward transfer parameters are obtained from the solid and liquid samples. The back-transfer parameters obtained from the measurements on solid solution are able to reproduce the liquid solution’s back-transfer data, but only when the high-frequency dielectric constant is used. The use of this value for the dielectric constant is discussed. I. Introduction Photoinduced electron transfer from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule is responsible for an important class of chemical reactions. Following the photoinduced transfer of an electron from a neutral donor to a neutral acceptor, the highly reactive radical ions that are created can go on to do useful chemistry.I-’ In this paper, an experimental study is presented on the influence of molecular diffusion on photoinduced electron transfer and geminate recombination. Steady-state fluorescence yield and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were used to determine the population of the donor’s excited state, and pumpprobe experiments were used to measure the population of ion pairs produced as a result of electron transfer. Since electron transfer quenches the fluorescence from the excited state, fluorescence provides a direct observable for the yield and time dependence of the forward electron-transfer process. The pumpprobe observable is proportional to the population that is not in the ground state of the system. The pumpprobe measurement examines the two higher energy states of the donor-acceptor system: the excited state and the reactive state (the ion pair produced by forward electron transfer). The time-dependent reactive state population is determined by combining the results of the pump-probe and time-resolved fluorescence experiments. Photoinduced electron transfer between randomly distributed donors and acceptors embedded in solid solution has been studied theoreti~ally’*~-~ and experimentally.l-* Recently, diffusioninfluenced electron transfer has also been treated theoretically4.’+12 and e~perimentally.’~.~~ diffusion has a complex effect on the state populations for the forward and back transfer processes. The experiments presented here examine the time evolution of the state populations. The results are compared to a recently developed theory.
Abstract 3422: Prevalence Of Vertebral Artery Origin Stenosis In Outpatients Referred For Extracranial Duplex

Introduction: Extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis of the vertebral artery occurs characteristically at the vertebral artery origin (VAo) and is an important cause of posterior circulation stroke. The proximal segment of the vertebral artery is technically difficult to insonate. Only a few studies have reported on the prevalence of VAo disease in patients with stroke and little is known about its prevalence in non-hospitalized populations. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of VAo stenosis in subjects referred for outpatient extracranial ultrasonography. Methods: All studies performed in an outpatient neurosonology laboratory, affiliated with an academic medical center were retrospectively reviewed for VAo stenosis. The proximal vertebral segments were insonated following a standard protocol. VAo stenosis was diagnosed if the peak systolic velocity (PSV) > 114cm/sec, according to previously validated criteria. We also considered the VAo to be occluded if no flow signal could be found in any of its pre-and intraforaminal segments. Studies were also analyzed for internal carotid artery origin (ICAo) stenosis >50% to allow comparison between prevalence of carotid and VAo stenosis. Results: A total of 2490 subjects were available for analysis. The right and left VAo could not be insonated in18% and 25% of patients. Right-sided VAo stenosis or occlusion was present in 52/1955 (2.7%) and 74/1955 (3.9%) respectively; left-sided VAo stenosis or occlusion was present in 45/1793 (2.5%) and 64/1973 (3.6%) respectively. Overall, in those with at least one VAo insonated, 204/ 2119 (8.2%) patients had VAo stenosis or occlusion. In 29/ 2119 (1.4%), bilateral VAo stenosis or occlusion was found. Mean flow velocities were significantly lower in patients without stenosis (right 54.2±18.9 vs.149.0±57.8cm/s; left 53.5±17.5 vs.143.9±31.4cm/s). The prevalence of having either right or left ICAo stenosis or occlusion was 453/ 2401 (18.9%) and bilateral ICAo stenosis or occlusion was 112/ 2401 (4.7%). In univariate analysis, but not multivariate analysis, hypertension and diabetes were risk factors for VAo stenosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of VAo stenosis and occlusion was 8.2% in a diverse population of patients presenting to an ambulatory ultrasound laboratory. We found the prevalence of ICAo stenosis to be higher than VAo stenosis in the same population. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the prevalence of proximal vertebral artery disease in non-hospitalized patients.
Critical Enculturation: Using Problems to Teach Law

Problem Based Learning (PBL), also known as the ‘problem method,’ has caught the attention of teachers in most disciplines. As a curriculum choice to place students in active roles as problem solvers, PBL methods enculturate students by inviting them to adopt the roles they seek to inherit. This article argues that what is notable about teaching law through problems is not merely that it prioritizes professional competency, but also that problem-based teaching requires students to participate in their professional development in a special way: PBL is aimed at neutralizing perceived deficiencies in legal education by transforming the students’ thought processes - ‘thinking like a lawyer’ - and by providing opportunities to incorporate critical, conscientious and effective professionalism into the curriculum. To illustrate the PBL approach, this article applies PBL methods to the design of problems for a land use law course.
Creating Interdisciplinarity: Grounded Definitions from the College and University Faculty

Definitions of interdisciplinarity often focus on the integration of disciplinary concepts or perspectives. Few definitions, however, are grounded in the work of faculty who conduct interdisciplinary scholarship. To better understand the practice of interdisciplinarity in research and teaching, and its implications for academics' professional lives, I interviewed college and university faculty affiliated with a variety of liberal arts and sciences disciplines in four U.S. institutions of varying size and mission. The study explored how interviewees practiced interdisciplinarity; how institutional, departmental, and disciplinary locations affected their scholarly identities, professional associations, and work lives; and the kinds of rewards they reaped from interdisciplinary work. In this article, I analyze a subset of the interviews, examining explicit and implied definitions of interdisciplinarity and their relationship to faculty members' understandings of disciplinarity and scholarly work. The analysis reveals that definitions of interdisciplinarity that emphasize integration exclude some forms of interdisciplinary work. I therefore suggest an alternative, more inclusive conceptualization that strives to encompass a range of interdisciplinary practices. Further study of interdisciplinary research and teaching might confirm that all interdisciplinary scholarship can be categorized according to the typology described here - or it might provide evidence of additional forms of interdisciplinarity.
Adverse Notes on Systems Theory

On systems theory, my position is plain to the point of triteness: the subject is a sham. Where the work is solid, as in systems engineering, subjects are designated as parts of systems theory for largely ceremonial reasons. What remains is the shadowy stuff of general systems theory, cybernetics, the theory of self organizing systems, autopoietic theories, urban, industrial and world dynamics—the eminences of systems theory as it is generally conceived. Left out, on this conventional account, are the various applied systems theories: program budgeting, management-by-objectives, information systems, zero-based budgeting, cost-benefit analysis. There is humor here and much need for attentive contempt, but no intellectual content, so I shall stick to the grand issues of theory.
Seasonal Model of the Interaction Between Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Weed Host, Carduus thoermeri (Campanulatae: Asteraceae)

A computer model was developed to simulate the flowering phenology of musk thistle, Carduus thoermeri Weinmann, and the seasonal population dynamics of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich. Time-varying distributed delays in series were used to model the populations. The model output was validated by comparison with field data. The results suggest that the population dynamics of R. conicus and musk thistle were adequately described by the model. The model could not be rejected using a nonparametric regression technique, though a low number of degrees of freedom limited the test. The amount of synchrony that the model showed between the development of plant and insect was highly sensitive to temperature. Our simulation results suggest that site specific variations in temperature can have profound effects on the temporal synchrony of parasite and host. Thus, future evaluations of parasite effectiveness should include the development of phonological models driven by data collected at or near the introduction site. Phenology models, which are quantitative, scientifically based hypotheses, should be considered as part of the evaluation of host/parasite interactions.
Limitations concerning the Use in Children of the Relationship between Plasma Creatinine and Body Height to Derive Glomerular Filtration Rate

The value of the formula, (Formula: see text) was assessed over a two-year period in 314 children aged 1 month to 17 years by comparing simultaneously determined 51Cr EDTA slope clearance and plasma creatinine measurements, and in 225 children aged 1 month to 16 years comparing with duplicate short-term creatinine clearance determinations. The relationship with 51Cr EDTA slope clearance is best in patients over the age of 3 years with clearance rates below 60 ml. min-1/1.73m2 but even so is subject to doubt over a wide range. The relationship with creatinine clearance shows less scatter at higher levels of clearance but the same doubt exists when it is used as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate.
Production of Hyaluronic Acid in Tissue Culture by Fibroblasts Growing from Intestinal, Stomach, Liver and Kidney Explants.

Summary1. Tissue cultures of chick embryo liver, stomach, intestine and kidney, in which both epithelium and fibroblasts were growing for over 3 months produced hyaluronic acid, as shown by a positive mucin clot test and by the prevention of mucin clot formation by hyaluronidase. These findings are consistent with the demonstration of the spreading reaction in some of these organs and indicate that they belong to the group of hyaluronate-active spreading reactions. 2. In primary cultures production of hyaluronic acid may take place for very long periods of time, usually as long as the cultures do not deteriorate, while replica cultures, for instance strain L, sooner or later lose the ability to produce hyaluronic acid, despite their excellent appearance and good growth. 3. Although it has not yet been possible to separate factors promoting mucopolysaccharide production from factors promoting growth, it has been observed that cultures kept at room temperatures with considerably reduced growth, may sometime...
The utility of variability in probability learning

An experiment is reported which investigates the validity of Siegel’ s concept of the utility of variability. Human Ss predicted which of two types of stimuli would occur on each of 240 trials. Half of the 40 Ss had 2 responses (1 for each type of stimulus) while the other half had 10 (5 for each type). Within each of these groups, half the Ss saw 2 stimuli (1 of each type) and the other half saw 10 stimuli (5 of each type). Several predictions were made on the basis of Siegel’s theory, but none were confirmed.
MECHANISM OF GROWTH HORMONE-INDUCED POSTPRANDIAL CARBOHYDRATE INTOLERANCE IN HUMANS

Growth hormone excess can cause postprandial carbohydrate intolerance. To determine the contribution of splanchnic and extrasplanchnic tissues to this process, subjects were fed an isotopically labeled mixed meal after either a 12-h infusion of saline or growth hormone (4 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 [corrected]). Growth hormone infusion resulted in higher glucose and insulin concentrations both before and after meal ingestion. Despite growth hormone-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, postprandial hepatic glucose release and carbon dioxide incorporation into glucose (a qualitative estimate of gluconeogenesis) were similar to those present during saline, suggesting altered hepatic regulation. This was confirmed when glucose was infused in the absence of growth hormone to achieve glucose (and insulin) concentrations comparable to those present during growth hormone infusion. Although growth hormone excess did not alter splanchnic uptake of ingested glucose, it resulted in a fivefold increase in postprandial hepatic glucose release (578 +/- 31 vs. 117 +/- 10 mg.kg-16 h-1, P less than 0.01), less suppression of carbon dioxide incorporation into glucose (-13 +/- 9 vs. -53 +/- 12 mg.kg-1. 6-h-1, P less than 0.01), and lower glucose uptake (1,130 +/- 59 vs. 1,850 +/- 150 mg.kg-1.6 h-1, P less than 0.01). The decrease in postprandial glucose uptake did not appear to be mediated by a change in substrate uptake since postprandial plasma concentrations and forearm balance of lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies did not differ in the presence and absence of growth hormone excess.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis and Research of Grounding Modes of Optical Fiber Ground Composite Wire

Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the power loss caused by the grounding method of the OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire), which is directly grounded at every tower, is researched.The experimental research and analysis prove that this grounding method increases the possibility of suffering from lightning stroke and breaking. Aiming at the problems brought by the OPGW directly grounding at every tower, a new grounding method,in which OPGW was grounded through arc-guiding gap, was discussed and presented. And the needs for the arc-guiding gap and its influence on the line operation were investigated and analyzed. The results prove that using arc-guiding gap instead of directly grounding at every tower effectively solves the problems of OPGW circulating current loss and its liability of suffering from lightning stroke and breaking.
The Practice and Understanding ofthe Educational Location of Beijing Urban Institute

The founding and development of Beijing Urban Institute (original Haidian Day University) benefits by scientific location., For the realization of scientific location it is necessary to solve such questions as school-running purpose;education evaluation;resource disposition;market operation;cultivating model; teaching force construction; training base, etc. It is necessary to well handle the relation between persisting in location and development, enhancement. In advanced vocational education, for some special lines it is necessary to develop four-year undergraduate course education starting from senior middle school graduate,as well as from senior vocational middle school graduate.
Varieties of Participatory Security: Assessing Community Participation in Policing in Latin America

Summary The language of community and societal participation in the context of crime prevention has become ubiquitous throughout Latin America, as governments increasingly turn to police–community partnerships as a means of addressing the seemingly intractable problems of rising crime and insecurity. But to what extent has such “participatory security” had any influence on the capacity of the state to provide security? I argue that in order to understand whether and how these participatory instruments shape what police actually do, we must look to variation in institutional design and how community participation operates in practice. I develop a typology of participatory security that considers how different institutional features may differentially affect police and other state agencies by alternatively serving as channels for the flow of information and oversight mechanisms or simply as a tool for improving the police's image. Drawing on evidence from participatory security institutions in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, I illustrate the impact of institutional design on police and state capacity to provide security. I conclude by considering the unintended consequences of institutional design, including the degree of police resistance that different institutional models will generate. This opposition, may, in turn, affect the durability of the participatory institution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic application of a multiple-channel immunoblot apparatus.

The arm of this chapter is to provide a thorough yet terse treatment of Western blotting with multiple-channel immunodetection. Principles and practical aspects of transverse electrophoresrs will be presented, and the advantages and practice of multiple-channel antibody-based detection schemes with a diagnostic emphasis will be discussed. The reader is also referred to Chapter 21 .
Comparative Chronemics and International Communication: American and Iranian Perspectives on Time

(1983). Comparative Chronemics and International Communication: American and Iranian Perspectives on Time. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 7, Communication Yearbook 7, pp. 35-48.
Methionine and lysine uptake by cattle small intestine in vitro.

Incubations of bovine intestinal mucosa were characterized for location of maximal uptake of amino acid, steady-state accumulation time of the amino acids, methionine and lysine. Photomicrographs validated that cattle intestinal mucosa was isolated by the technique described. Methionine and lysine uptake was expressed as micromoles of amino acid per milliliter of cell water. The most active site of methionine and lysine uptake was the mid-ileum, while the proximal jejunum was the least active site. Both methionine and lysine uptake showed high correlation relative to intestinal region. Methionine uptake was shown to be saturated with concentrations greater than 1 mM. Lysine transport appeared to be approaching saturation at concentrations between .5 mM to 1 mM, revealing that cattle intestinal mucosa has a lower transport capacity for lysine than methionine. These results indicate the usefulness of a technique through which substrate uptake (amino acid, carbohydrate, etc.) can be characterized in cattle small intestine.
Addressing Next Generation Packaging and IoT with Glass Solutions

Abstract New requirements are emerging in electronics packaging. The ever-growing need for solutions for mobile communications and sensors that address the Internet of Things (IoT) brings about interesting new challenges. RF applications strive to move to higher frequency bands, fan-out technology is being leveraged as an effective way to address interconnect demands, and there is a continuous search for more cost-effective solutions for difficult packaging challenges. Glass provides numerous opportunities to address these needs. As an insulator, glass has low electrical loss, particularly at high frequencies. The relatively high stiffness and ability to adjust coefficient of thermal expansion helps optimize warp in glass core substrates, and manage bonded stacks leveraging TGV and carrier applications. Glass forming processes allow to form in a panel format as well as wafer format at thicknesses as low as 100 μm, giving opportunities to optimize or eliminate current polishing type manufacturing methods a...
Abstract 5282: A 3q amplification gene signature associated with triple negative breast cancer lung-specific metastasis

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), devoid of expression of the estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, are among the most aggressive and deadly breast cancers, with high rates of tumor recurrence and metastatic spread. New prognostic markers are needed to identify patients who are at the highest risk for developing metastases, which might assist in tailoring treatment strategies. We previously identified 20 candidate driver genes in Chromosome 3q26-29, a critical amplified region in many human cancers including breast and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic power of this 20-gene signature in TNBC patients. 855 breast tumors combined from four breast cancer cohorts (GSE12276, GSE2603, GSE2034 and NKI295) were used to evaluate the signature for prediction of organ-specific distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). The predictive ability of the 20-gene signature was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards model and was compared against other published breast cancer gene signatures including MammaPrint (70-gene), Veridex (76-gene), PAM50, 54 lung metastasis signature genes, HIF1 hypoxia pathway (8-gene), TGF β pathway (153-gene), BACH1 pathway metastasis gene signature (25-gene) and Gene Expression Prognostic Index Using Subtypes (GENIUS). The 20-gene signature was strongly associated with worse lung-specific metastasis-free survival (HR, 2.0, 95%CI, 1.4 to 2.87, P=0.00014) in TNBC patients (n = 131), independently of intrinsic subtype or published gene signatures and less so in non-TNBC patients (n = 724, HR, 1.3, 95%CI, 1.01 to 1.69, P=0.04). In conclusion, we discovered an amplified 20-gene signature in 3q26-29 that are associated with lung metastasis in patients with TNBC, suggesting on a potential role of 3q genes in the mechanism of lung-specific metastasis and incriminating cancer driver genes in this location as potential attractive novel therapeutic targets in this disease. The work is supported by the NIH Grant R01 CA102353 to PPM. Citation Format: Jun Qian, Heidi Chen, Pierre P. Massion. A 3q amplification gene signature associated with triple negative breast cancer lung-specific metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5282
Permeability evolution of shale during spontaneous imbibition

Abstract Shales have small pore and throat sizes ranging from nano to micron scales, low porosity and limited permeability. The poor permeability and complex pore connectivity of shales pose technical challenges to (a) understanding flow and transport mechanisms in such systems and, (b) in predicting permeability changes under dynamic saturation conditions. This study presents quantitative experimental evidence of the migration of water through a generic shale core plug using micro CT imaging. In addition, in-situ measurements of gas permeability were performed during counter-current spontaneous imbibition of water in nano-darcy permeability Marcellus and Haynesville core plugs. It was seen that water blocks severely reduced the effective permeability of the core plugs, leading to losses of up to 99.5% of the initial permeability in experiments lasting 30 days. There was also evidence of clay swelling which further hindered gas flow. When results from this study were compared with similar counter-current gas permeability experiments reported in the literature, the initial (base) permeability of the rock was found to be a key factor in determining the time evolution of effective gas permeability during spontaneous imbibition. With time, a recovery of effective permeability was seen in the higher permeability rocks, while becoming progressively detrimental and irreversible in tighter rocks. These results suggest that matrix permeability of ultra-tight rocks is susceptible to water damage following hydraulic fracturing stimulation and, while shut-in/soaking time helps clearing-up fractures from resident fluid, its effect on the adjacent matrix permeability could be detrimental.
Measure by Measure (Length)

Measurement is so much a part of our life that we tend to take it for granted; yet, throughout our day, we regularly encounter measures as we check the time, weigh ourselves, buy gasoline and oil for our automobile, hear the temperature and humidity reported and a prediction of rain. At a store, our shopping cart may include a pound of butter, a gallon of milk and a bushel of apples. Just as important are all the measurements that play an integral part in all commerce, manufacturing, and the building trades.
10‐2: Invited Paper: Unified Analysis of Transient and Steady‐State Electroluminescence –Establishing an Analytical Formalism for OLED Charge Balance

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) can exhibit an efficiency roll-off under high current excitation that has been previously modeled using bimolecular quenching. The corresponding transient electroluminescence behavior has not been as effectively treated. Here, we reproduce both the steady-state and transient regimes by introducing into the analysis a dynamic polaron population. This approach permits a rigorous definition of OLED charge balance in terms of dynamics as the exciton formation efficiency.
Multiphysics model investigating performance of a micromachined floating element shear stress sensor

Abstract A MEMS floating element shear stress sensor has been developed for flow testing applications, targeted primarily at ground and flight testing of aerospace vehicles and components. A comprehensive numerical model of this sensor is described in this paper, quantifying the behavior of the mechanical components, fluid interaction, and electrostatics in three, non-coupled, 3-D numerical simulations: 1) A finite element model of the static element. 2) A steady state, incompressible, viscous, laminar, Newtonian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, for both flat and textured versions of the floating shuttle. 3) A finite element model of the capacitive sensing combs. The distribution of aerodynamic forces over the floating element was studied to determine which features contributed most to the total applied force and sensitivity. Shear stress forces account for 74% of the sensitivity of the flat sensor, with the remainder coming primarily from pressure gradient effects. For a textured sensing element, while the total sensor sensitivity increases between 17% and 27%, only 34% of the output is due to shear forces, and the response is more nonlinear. Thus, a flat sensor with as little surface topology as possible is preferable to reduce pressure gradient sensitivity and nonlinearity, even though it may exhibit lower overall sensitivity to flow forces. In addition, the sensor is shown to not only deflect in the direction of flow due to shear forces, but also to lift away from the substrate and pitch its downstream edge away from the surface. Pitch rotation contributes as much as 37% of the output of the sensor for a textured element, but less than 1% for the flat element. For a perfectly symmetric device, differential measurement completely eliminates the contribution from lift. Overall, the model gives a more complete picture of the sensing mechanisms present in a floating element shear stress sensor, and demonstrates the aerodynamic complexities which motivate careful design and calibration of these types of sensors.
Bacterial composition of different types of soils of Georgia.

Abstract Soil is a dynamic system in which relationship among soil minerals, organic substances and living organisms constantly exists. Microflora is an integral part of complex system of soil in which bacteria are the largest group of soil microbes, both by total number and diversity. The study of bacterial composition of 18 types of soils from Western, Eastern and Southern Georgia has shown that soils are distinguished both by total number of bacteria and by frequency of occurrence for certain investigated bacterial genera (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus). Bog (7.87 Log10 CFU/g) and brown forest (7.22 Log10 CFU/g) soils of Western Georgia, black (8.80 Log10 CFU/g) and grey cinnamonic (7.91Log10 CFU/g) soils of Eastern Georgia and Chernozem (10.92 Log10 CFU/g) of Souther Georgia are the richest by total number of bacteria. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus prevailed in most of studied soils (yellow, bog, yellow podzols, mountain meadow, saline, meadow cinnamonic, cinnamonic, mountain forest meadow, mountain meadow, meadow grey cinnamonic, grey cinnamonic, chernozem, brown forest black, raw carbonate soil in Western Georgia and brown forest in soil of Southern Georgia); bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas – in alluvial and brown forest soils both of Western and Eastern Georgia, and bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus – in yellow brown forest, red and Raw carbonate soil of Eastern Georgia. All three groups of bacteria occur at the same frequency only in black soil.
A First Look at the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record of Guano Valley, Oregon, USA

Surface sites play a vital role in interpreting terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene (TP/EH) lifeways in the Great Basin. Two years of work in Oregon’s Guano Valley by crews from the Univers...
National 10-year trends and outcomes of isolated and concomitant tricuspid valve surgery.

Background The data on the trends and comparative outcomes after isolated and concomitant tricuspid valve repair/replacement (TVR) is scarce. Methods The International Classification of Diseases - 9th version was used to identify the patients who underwent TVR, using the National Inpatient Sample. Outcomes were evaluated using the analysis of variance and Chi-square test, and trends across the years were tested via Cochran-Armitage Test. Results Of 6868 patients who underwent TVR between 2005-14, 1601 (23%) were isolated. Over the 10-years period, the number of total and isolated TVR has steadily increased (P 50 years, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, end-stage renal disease, peripheral vascular disease, liver disease, and TV replacement. Conclusions Both isolated and concomitant TVR has increased over the last 10 years, however is associated with high mortality, complications, need for skilled facility placement, and longer LOS. The mortality after TV replacement was significantly higher than that after repair.
In-Hospital Survival and Neurological Recovery Among Patients Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in Post–Cardiac Arrest Period

Objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cardiac arrest (CA). Few data exist on survival and neurological outcomes measured at hospital discharge of patients with severe AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) within the first 72 hours (i.e., duration of post-CA syndrome). Methods Single-center, prospective, observation cohort of patients with in- or out-of-hospital CA who survived to intensive care unit admission and were considered for targeted temperature management between 2010 and 2016 were reviewed. After excluding preexisting RRT history, patients with new RRT requirements within the first 72 hours after CA were included. Primary outcome of survival and secondary outcome of good neurological recovery defined as cerebral performance category score of 1 to 2, were compared between patients with and without RRT. Within 24 hours of initiating RRT, illness severity, as measured by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation–II, and Charlson Comorbidity Index, was compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results Of 524 patients, 65 (12.4%) had new RRT requirements within 72 hours. Survival rates and good neurological recovery at discharge were comparable between RRT and non-RRT groups (19 of 65 [29%] vs. 162 of 459 [35%], P = 0.3, and 8 of 19 [42%] vs. 73 of 162 [45%], respectively). Sixty-three percent (12 of 19) of survivors requiring RRT did not need dialysis on discharge. Among patients requiring RRT, prognostic factors, including illness severity scores and indications for RRT, did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusions Patients with severe AKI requiring RRT during the post-CA syndrome period were not associated with any significant reduction in survival or poor neurological recovery, compared with those without RRT. Among those requiring RRT, none of the known prognostic factors predicted survival.
Enterprise Crowdsourcing Innovation in the Big 4 Consulting Firms

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the use of crowdsourcing for innovation in the Big 4 consulting firms and Wikistrat. Information about each of the five firms' is captured in a case study developed...
Preliminary Validation of the Shift Monte Carlo Code for Fixed-Source Radiation Transport Problems

Simulations of neutron and photon transport using the Shift Monte Carlo radiation transport code are compared with experimental measurements and their corresponding benchmark simulations from sever...
A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, has emerged as a promising treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, however, the effectiveness of this therapy is unclear because of the low statistical power and heterogeneity of previous trials. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to systematically characterize the effectiveness of various combinations of rTMS parameters on different cognitive domains in patients with MCI and AD. Thirteen studies comprising 293 patients with MCI or AD were included in this analysis. Random-effects analysis revealed an overall medium-to-large effect size (0.77) favoring active rTMS over sham rTMS in the improvement of cognitive functions. Subgroup analyses revealed that (1) high-frequency rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and low-frequency rTMS at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly improved memory functions; (2) high-frequency rTMS targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus significantly enhanced executive performance; and (3) the effects of 5–30 consecutive rTMS sessions could last for 4–12 weeks. Potential mechanisms of rTMS effects on cognitive functions are discussed.
Wisconsin’s Screening Algorithm for the Identification of Newborns with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has one of the highest false positive rates of any of the diseases on the Wisconsin panel. This is largely due to the first-tier immune assay cross-reactivity and physiological changes in the concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone during the first few days of life. To improve screening for CAH, Wisconsin developed a second-tier assay to quantify four different steroids (17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, androstenedione, and cortisol) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MSMS) in dried blood spots. From validation studies which included the testing of confirmed CAH patients, Wisconsin established its own reporting algorithm that incorporates steroid concentrations as well as two different ratios—the birth weight and the collection time—to identify babies at risk for CAH. Using the newly developed method and algorithm, the false positive rate for the CAH screening was reduced by 95%. Patients with both classical forms of CAH, salt-wasting and simple virilizing, were identified. This study replicates and expands upon previous work to develop a second-tier LC–MSMS steroid profiling screening assay for CAH. The validation and prospective study results provide evidence for an extensive reporting algorithm that incorporates multiple steroids, birth weight, and collection times.
Single Cell Migration Assay Using Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line

Cell migration is a fundamental cellular process that plays a crucial role in many physioglogical and pathological processes such as wound healing or cancer metastasis. Many assays have been developed to examine cell migration, such as the wound healing or scratch assay, Boyden Chamber or transwell assay, and the method we will describe here, single cell migration assay. In this assay, cells are plated sparsely on a collagen coated plate and live cell imaging is performed over a period of 2 h at 1 frame per minute. After imaging is completed, cells are tracked manually using ImageJ by tracking movement of the centroid of the cell. These data points are then exported and overall distance travelled from frame to frame is determined and divided by total time imaged to determine speed of the cell. This method provides a quick way to examine effect of cellular manipulation on cell migration before proceeding to perform more complex assays.
A quality initiative for comprehensive integration of a standardized assessment product in nursing education

Abstract Background Many nursing programs utilize standardized assessment products to support student NCLEX-RN achievement. Nursing education literature offers little information about the most effective way to integrate standardized assessment products to maximize outcomes. Problem Description Inconsistent alignment and implementation of a standardized assessment product contributed to poor student engagement and low benchmark assessment outcome achievement. Method A quality improvement initiative established a comprehensive curricular integration plan to evaluate proctored assessment placement, develop a comprehensive policy to integrate products across the curriculum, increase student engagement and evaluate outcomes. Results Improvement was noted in both cohort mean scores and benchmark level achievement on all assessments, with statistically significant improvement in the majority. Decisions related to assessment placement and elimination of double testing practices were validated by improved student outcomes. Product integration significantly increased across the curriculum. Conclusions Optimization of standardized assessment product use followed a systematic approach utilizing best-practice recommendations.
Patient Perpetrated Sexual Harassment of Urologists: A Survey Based Study

AbstractIntroduction:Patient perpetrated sexual harassment has been studied with family physicians, surgical residents and dermatologists with the prevalence ranging from 27% to 77%. To our knowled...
Historical range expansion and biological changes of Sus scrofa corresponding to domestication and feralization

Globally, Sus scrofa is one of the most widely recognized species inhabiting earth alongside humans. Known by many names (wild boar, domestic swine, feral pig), S. scrofa is both an ecosystem engineer and an important agricultural species. Originating in Southeast Asia 5 million years ago, S. scrofa naturally expanded throughout Eurasia and into North Africa but now inhabits every continent, except Antarctica. The worldwide distribution of S. scrofa can be attributed largely to human-mediated transport occurring over the course of the past 500 years particularly during the European age of exploration. Biologically, the differences between wild, domestic, and feral populations can be traced to these historical events, which resulted in a marked increase in reproductive rates and growth rates among domestic populations that have generally been shown to regress when these populations become feral. Given the importance of this species ecologically and the great deal of available research describing it, this review summarizes existing literature on the global expansion and corresponding biological changes of S. scrofa within a historical and genetic context to allow for better understanding of the species.
Colluvial deposition of anthropogenic soils at the Ripley site, Ripley, New York:

The Ripley site is a Late Woodland through Historic period Iroquoian site located on a bluff overlooking the southern shore of Lake Erie in Western New York in the town of Ripley. Numerous authors ...
Multilingual Language Development

Typical language development has far too long been predicated on monolingual development. It is estimated that approximately more than half of the world's population speaks more than one language. Multilingual or multilanguage acquisition differs from monolingual development. It involves more layers that affect ultimate acquisition including second and/or multiple language acquisition factors, environmental factors, individual factors, developmental factors, and, if the child has disabilities, then disabilities are also confounding factors. In addition, the following factors influencing multilingual language acquisition will be discussed: (1) second and/or multiple language acquisition; (2) language dominance and proficiency; (3) language maintenance; (4) language model; (5) language deceleration; (6) cross-linguistic influence, that is, language transference; (7) cross-linguistic influence, that is, language interference; (8) cross-linguistic influence, that is, code switching and code mixing; (9) ultimate attainment; (10) language loss (attrition); (11) language fossilization; (12) environmental factors; (13) individual and developmental factors; (14) biological, neurological aspects of multilingualism; (15) disability factors; and (16) strategies for promoting multilingualism. This article will briefly present these overlaying components and provide suggestions for language professionals in promoting multilingualism.
Exploring the Reasons for Low Usage and Informing Strategies to Improve Use of a Nonprofit Grocery Store in Baltimore City.

Introducing new grocery stores into low-income communities has been a focus of policy efforts to improve the food environment. Yet, evidence of the impact of this strategy on diet and health outcom...
Moment Maps, Nonlinear PDE and Stability in Mirror Symmetry, I: Geodesics

In this paper, the first in a series, we study the deformed Hermitian–Yang–Mills (dHYM) equation from the variational point of view as an infinite dimensional GIT problem. The dHYM equation is mirror to the special Lagrangian equation, and our infinite dimensional GIT problem is mirror to Thomas’ GIT picture for special Lagrangians. This gives rise to infinite dimensional manifold $${\mathcal {H}}$$ closely related to Solomon’s space of positive Lagrangians. In the hypercritical phase case we prove the existence of smooth approximate geodesics, and weak geodesics with $$C^{1,\alpha }$$ regularity. This is accomplished by proving sharp with respect to scale estimates for the Lagrangian phase operator on collapsing manifolds with boundary. As an application of our techniques we give a simplified proof of Chen’s theorem on the existence of $$C^{1,\alpha }$$ geodesics in the space of Kahler metrics. In two follow up papers, these results will be used to examine algebraic obstructions to the existence of solutions to dHYM [26] and special Lagrangians in Landau–Ginzburg models [27].