cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A framework for the automated analysis of subcellular patterns in human protein atlas images.

The systematic study of subcellular location patterns is required to fully characterize the human proteome, as subcellular location provides critical context necessary for understanding a protein’s function. The analysis of tens of thousands of expressed proteins for the many cell types and cellular conditions under which they may be found creates a need for automated subcellular pattern analysis. We therefore describe the application of automated methods, previously developed and validated by our laboratory on fluorescence micrographs of cultured cell lines, to analyze subcellular patterns in tissue images from the Human Protein Atlas. The Atlas currently contains images of over 3000 protein patterns in various human tissues obtained using immunohistochemistry. We chose a 16 protein subset from the Atlas that reflects the major classes of subcellular location. We then separated DNA and protein staining in the images, extracted various features from each image, and trained a support vector machine classif...
Coloring in the tree of life

Metagenome sequencing presents an exciting new tool for assessing microbial diversity in complex, natural communities that cannot be cultured in the laboratory. Using metagenomics as a starting point, Bryant et al. (2007) have discovered a new thermophilic phototroph from a poorly characterized bacterial phylum with no previously known photosynthetic members, extending the range of photosynthesis into a new branch on the tree of life. This new organism, Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum, encompasses a melange of traits distinct from known phototrophs.
Issues in the Design of Adaptive Middleware Load Balancing

Load balancing middleware is used extensively to improve scalability and overall system throughput in distributed systems. Many load balancing middleware services are simplistic, however, since they are geared only for specic use-cases and environments. These limitations make it hard to use the same load balancing service for anything other than the distributed application it was designed for originally. This lack of generality forces continuous re-development of application-specic load balancing services. Not only does re-development increase deployment costs of distributed applications, but it also increases the potential of producing non-optimal load balancing implementations since proven load balancing service optimizations cannot be reused directly.This paper presents a set of load balancing service features that address many existing middleware load balancing service inadequacies, such as lack of server-side transparency, centralized load balancing, sole support for stateless replication, fixed load monitoring granularities, lack of fault tolerant load balancing, non-extensible load balancing algorithms, and simplistic replica management. All the capabilities described in this paper are currently under development for the next generation of middleware-based load balancing service distributed with our CORBA-compliant ORB (TAO).
Quinidine, “pure quinidine,” and hydroquinidine

Abstract 1. 1. Quinidine is composed of about 20 per cent hydroquinidine and 80 per cent “pure quinidine.” 2. 2. “Pure quinidine” is a marked cardiovascular depressant. It is much more toxic than quinidine in doses equivalent to sublethal doses of quinidine. 3. 3. The mortality rate which resulted from giving quinidine in sulethal doses was 18.2 per cent. 4. 4. The mortality rate as a result of giving “pure quinidine” in sublethal doses was 46.1 per cent. 5. 5. No mortality resulted from using equivalent sublethal and larger doses of hydroquinidine. 6. 6. Hydroquinidine is a very slight cardiovascular depressant. 7. 7. The hydroquinidine fraction of quinidine appears to counteract to a great degree the cardiovascular depressant action of the “pure quinidine” fraction.
Personality in culture: A neo-Allportian view

Abstract Culture and personality researchers have long grappled with two inter-related issues: (a) Are cultural constructs merely cultural stereotypes and (b) Where are individual differences and individuality in culture and personality research? Based on Allport (1961) , I present a model that delineates how individual differences can emerge even under strong cultural influences. I then review recent studies that simultaneously demonstrate within-cultural heterogeneity/individuality and between-culture differences.
Changes in Stream Primary Producer Communities Resulting from Large-Scale Catastrophic Amphibian Declines: Can Small-Scale Experiments Predict Effects of Tadpole Loss?

Global declines of amphibian populations are well documented, yet effects of these declines on freshwater ecosystem structure and function are poorly understood. Here we examine responses of algal primary producers to tadpole extirpation over differing spatial and temporal scales. We experimentally excluded tadpoles from artificial substrata within localized areas (0.25 m2) of two streams. One stream had an intact community of frogs (frog stream), and the other had recently experienced a catastrophic decline (frogless stream), leaving virtually no tadpoles. In the frog stream, there were significantly greater levels of chlorophyll a (+111%, P = 0.009), ash-free dry mass (AFDM) (+163%, P = 0.02), inorganic sediments (+114%, P = 0.001), and higher mean algal cell biovolume in tadpole exclusion treatments than in the tadpole access treatments. Correspondingly, overall AFDM-specific net primary production (NPP) increased by 38% (P = 0.001) and chlorophyll a-specific NPP increased by 29% (P = 0.001) in tadpole access treatments compared to tadpole exclusion treatments. Areal-specific NPP did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in chlorophyll a, AFDM, inorganic sediments, algal cell biovolume, or biomass-specific NPP between treatments in the frogless stream. Fifteen months after our experiments, a massive amphibian decline associated with a fungal pathogen occurred in the frog stream, resulting in the extirpation of over 90% of tadpoles. This extirpation was followed by significant increases in levels of chlorophyll a (269%, P = 0.001), AFDM (+220%, P < 0.001), and inorganic sediments (+140%, P = 0.001). Reach-scale NPP increased from −1587 to −810 mg DO m−2 d−1. Additionally, algal community composition shifted from a dominance of small adnate diatoms (pre-decline) to a dominance of large upright algal species (post-decline). Our experimental results, combined with algal monitoring at the reach scale, indicate that over the course of our study catastrophic amphibian losses have significant effects on stream ecosystem structure and function. Ecosystem-level impacts of tadpole extirpations were more dramatic than results from our small-scale, short-term experiments, which predicted the direction of change in response variables but underestimated the magnitude. However, the long-term stream ecosystem responses remain unknown.
Clay Mineral Diagenesis in the Rappahannock Estuary: An Explanation

Mineralogical changes observed in bottom sediments along the Rappahannock salinity gradient include: (1) decrease in kaolinite, (2) decrease in dioctahedral vermiculite, (3) increase in illite, (4) appearance of thermally stable chlorite, and (5) appearance of clay-sized feldspar. All of these changes are real. They correlate with increase in bottom water salinity from 0 to 20%, increase in bottom sediment pH from 5.5 to 7.8, change in grain size distribution, and change in adsorbed ion populations. In the critical area the bottom sediments lose clay by selective sorting and become more silty. The adsorbed ions are Ca and Al in fresh water, Ca and Na with minor K at low salinities, and Na and Ca with major fractions of exchangeable K and Mg at high salinites. Studies of the suspended sediments over a period of years reveal that illite, vermiculite, kaolinite, and clay-sized feldspar are the normal constituents in the load of the fresh water stream. No mineralogical segregation, by differential flocculation for example, occurs during transport of this suspension along the salinity gradient. The increase in illite and feldspar content of the bottom sediments is due to normal processes of sediment deposition. The high kaolinite and dioctahedral vermiculite contents of fresh water bottom samples is due to two possible causes. (1) Samples are obtained from drowned, Pleistocene-weathered, terrace materials that possess this basic mineralogy. (2) Bedload sediment with kaolinite-dioctahedral vermiculite mineralogy is deposited in the fresh water region. Thermally stable chlorite is generated in the saline environment, probably from vermiculite. Simple ion exchange is insufficient to generate the chlorite. It forms by diagenesis.
Naming page elements in end-user web automation

The names of commands and objects are vital to the usability of a programming system. We are developing a web automation system in which users need to identify web page elements, such as hyperlinks and form fields, in pages written by other designers. Using a survey of 40 users asking them to provide names for page elements, we found that users' names varied widely. However, when names were restricted to using only visible words from the web page. we were able to develop name resolution techniques that automatically find the desired page element given the user's name for it, striking a balance between usability and the precision required by the programming system.
Two-dimensional electrophoretic/chromatographic separations combined with electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry for high throughput proteome analysis

A two-dimensional separation strategy combined with electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR) is being developed for high throughput proteomic analyses. Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled online with a robotic fraction collector is used to separate and collect microliter fractions of soluble Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) proteins eluting from the capillary into a microtiter plate. Following tryptic digestion of each fraction, the resultant peptides are separated using capillary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by online ESI-FTICR. Protein identification is based upon the use of the experimentally measured peptide masses as accurate mass tags, augmented by conventional MS/MS methods as necessary, to identify proteins predicted from the yeast genome sequence. This new separation strategy is being evaluated using proteins extracted from yeast grown in natural isotopic abundance and 15N-enriched media. Two isotopically distinct versions of each peptide are thus observed in the ESI-FTICR spectra. The mass differences between the two versions are used to determine the number of nitrogen atoms in the peptide, and provide an additional constraint that aids protein identification. More importantly, the use of this stable-isotope labeling strategy enables the generation of “comparative displays” of the precise relative protein abundances. This two-dimensional separation strategy combined with ESI-FTICR analysis is expected to be highly amenable to automation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 383–390, 2000
Constructive recognition of classical groups in their natural representation

Let S ⊂ GL(V) be a given set of generators for a group G, where V is a finite-dimensional vector space over a finite field F. We present an algorithm which recognises, constructively, when G is Sp(V), SU(V) Ωe(V) . Our algorithm handles all of those classical groups uniformly and runs in time which is polynomial in the input length, assuming a discrete logarithm oracle for F.
Poisoning by SOx of some base metal oxide auto exhaust catalysts

Abstract Many base metal oxide catalysts used for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidation in automobile exhaust gas are poisoned by sulfur oxides. A study was made of SO x interaction with several catalysts (copper chromite, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, and commercial copper chromite containing copper oxide) to determine its effect on catalytic activity. Various techniques were used in concert and included infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning ealorimetry as a measure of catalytic activity, and chemical analysis. The catalytic activity was determined as a function of the amount of SO 2 adsorption at various temperatures, and the specific surface sites were identified. The results indicated that there are at least two different adsorption sites for SO 2 on copper chromite; the SO 2 adsorbs preferentially on the site most important for CO oxidation; the sites necessary for hydrocarbon oxidation being less affected. No sulfate ions form on stoichiometric copper chromite, in contrast to the other catalysts studied. The extent of regeneration of poisoned catalysts depends on the catalyst composition, and several regeneration methods are discussed.
Unbonded Contact of a Square Plate on an Elastic Half-Space or a Winkler Foundation

The unbonded frictionless receding contact problem of a thin plate placed under centrally symmetric vertical loading while resting on an elastic half-space or a Winkler foundation is solved in this paper. The problem is transformed into the solution of two-coupled integral-series equations over an unknown contact region. The problem is nonlinear by virtue of unilateral contact and therefore needs to be solved iteratively. Special attention is given to the edge and corner contact pressure singularities for the plate on the elastic half-space. Comparison is made with other relevant numerical results available.
Experimental study of stability in a layer of a model alloy with a liquid miscibility gap

The stability of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a transparent model alloy was investigated with holographic interferometry. The dispersed minority phase is the heavier component. The majority component is lighter. A vertical temperature difference was applied to the liquid layer keeping the hot temperature always above phase separation. The upper cold side temperature was kept above or below the phase separation temperature. Fluid separation occurs when the cold temperature drops below consolute temperature. When the liquid is kept at higher than consolute temperature, it is noticed that the stability of the layer is increased when the average temperature approaches the consolute temperature.
Interpenetrating networks based on gelatin methacrylamide and PEG formed using concurrent thiol click chemistries for hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds

The integration of biological extracellular matrix (ECM) components and synthetic materials is a promising pathway to fabricate the next generation of hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds that more accurately emulate the microscale heterogeneity of natural ECM. We report the development of a bio/synthetic interpenetrating network (BioSINx), containing gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) polymerized within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) framework to form a mechanically robust network capable of supporting both internal cell encapsulation and surface cell adherence. The covalently crosslinked PEG network was formed by thiol-yne coupling, while the bioactive GelMA was integrated using a concurrent thiol-ene coupling reaction. The physical properties (i.e. swelling, modulus) of BioSINx were compared to both PEG networks with physically-incorporated gelatin (BioSINP) and homogenous hydrogels. BioSINx displayed superior physical properties and significantly lower gelatin dissolution. These benefits led to enhanced cytocompatibility for both cell adhesion and encapsulation; furthermore, the increased physical strength provided for the generation of a micro-engineered tissue scaffold. Endothelial cells showed extensive cytoplasmic spreading and the formation of cellular adhesion sites when cultured onto BioSINx; moreover, both encapsulated and adherent cells showed sustained viability and proliferation.
MO-E-332-05: The Effect of Copper Beam Filtration On the Transmission of Scattered X-Rays Through a Typical Lead Barrier

Purpose: Standard use of copper beam filtration in modern cardiac catheterization and angiography systems can substantially change the x‐ray beam quality and ultimately have an impact on scattered x‐ray transmission through shielded barriers. A study was performed to investigate these effects. Method and Materials: Scatter was measured using broad‐beam geometry at 50 and 100 cm from the center of an 8″‐thick Lucite phantom with an 1800 cc ionization chamber. A Siemens Axiom Artis system was employed using 60, 81, 102 and 125 kVp with filtrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9mm of copper. The ionization chamber was wrapped in 1/16″‐thick lead to determine the transmission of scattered x‐rays through a typical shielded barrier. Results: Transmission at 125 kVp varied from 1.7×10−3 to 3.0×10−3 for beams with 0 to 0.9 mm of Cu, respectively. Similarly, transmission varied at 102 kVp from 1.2×10−3 to 2.2×10−3 and at 81 kVp from 7.1×10−4 to 9×10−4. Transmission at 60 kVp was about 7×10−4 for beams with 0 to 0.3 mm of Cu. Transmissions without Cu filtration at 125 and 102 kVp were measured to be about half the theoretical value reported by Simpkin and Dixon, which could result from variations in lead thickness. At 60 and 81 kVp transmissions without Cu filtration are more than an order of magnitude higher than that reported at 70 kVp by Simpkin and Dixon. Conclusion: Additional copper filtration can increase the barrier transmission up to a factor of two over unfiltered beams. However, it is unlikely that this amount of increase in transmission will significantly modify a shielding calculation. Further investigation is needed to determine the changes in typical workloads and scattered air kerma at different angles for these systems to understand the combined effect of these changes on barrier shielding calculations.
Fatigue of single- and double-rivet self-piercing riveted lap joints

The fatigue behaviour of single- and double-rivet aluminum alloy 5754-0 self-piercing riveted (SPR) lap joints has been investigated experimentally and analytically. With the single rivet, the experimental program involves a set of 27 cyclic tension tests on joints with 1-, 2- or 3-mm-thick sheet coupons. In most cases (85%), fatigue cracks are found to initiate in the gross section on the faying surface of the upper sheet. With two rivets (installed in two rows), the experimental program consists of nine cyclic tension tests, three for each of the three combinations of riveting orientation possible, on SPR joints consisting of2 -mm-thick sheet specimens. The fatigue life of double-rivet joints is found to be strongly dependent on the orientation combination of the rivets. Monotonic tests with the double-rivet joints also reveal an influence of orientation combination. In addition to experiments, values of local stress and rivet-sheet microslip in the single-rivet joints have been evaluated through three-dimensional elastic finite-element analysis. The analyses are used to interpret experimental observations of fatigue crack initiation location, life and fretting damage severity.
Theoretical study of thermodynamics relevant to tetramethylsilane pyrolysis

Abstract Thermal decomposition of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in the presence of H2 (carrier gas) is thermodynamically studied with or without consideration of condensed species. For gas-phase equilibrium (no condensed species are allowed to form), the effects of temperature, total pressure, and ratio between TMS and H2 pressures on the evolution of major gas-phase species are investigated. For solid-phase equilibrium (condensed species are allowed to form), the solid-phase composition is predicted thermodynamically. In particular, the gas-phase equilibrium results are compared with the previous work by Veintemillas-Verdaguer et al. [1]. The present study shows different equilibrium compositions compared to the previous results. Finally, an expanded species set that includes organosilicon species is employed and the effects of organosilicon species on the equilibrium compositions are investigated.
Electronic theses and dissertations: a review of this valuable resource for nurse scholars worldwide.

Overview: A worldwide repository of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) could provide worldwide access to the most up-to-date research generated by masters and doctoral students. Until that international repository is established, it is possible to access some of these valuable knowledge resources. Background: ETDs provide a technologically advanced medium with endless multimedia capabilities that far exceed the print and bound copies of theses and dissertations housed traditionally in individual university libraries. Current use: A growing trend exists for universities worldwide to require graduate students to submit theses or dissertations as electronic documents. However, nurse scholars underutilize ETDs, as evidenced by perusing bibliographic citation lists in many of the research journals. Sources: ETDs can be searched for and retrieved through several digital resources such as the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (http://www.ndltd.org), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (http://www.umi.com), the Australasian Digital Theses Program (http://adt.caul.edu.au/) and through individual university web sites and online catalogues. Benefits: An international repository of ETDs benefits the community of nurse scholars in many ways. The ability to access recent graduate students' research electronically from anywhere in the world is advantageous. For scholars residing in developing countries, access to these ETDs may prove to be even more valuable. Limitations: In some cases, ETDs are not available for worldwide access and can only be accessed through the university library from which the student graduated. Public access to university library ETD collections is not always permitted. Conclusions: Nurse scholars from both developing and developed countries could benefit from ETDs.
An adaptation of the filter paper disk technique for the differential estimation of DNA and RNA of rat liver

Abstract A method is described for the differential estimation of DNA and RNA from rat liver on filter paper disks. To differentiate between DNA and RNA, samples are subjected to alkaline hydrolysis in microtitration plates prior to absorption on the disks. This procedure eliminates the loss of DNA which is observed if the disks are subjected to RNA hydrolysis after the sample has been absorbed on disks. The procedure is directly comparable to standard methods for the measurement of nucleic acids.
An evaluation of three-body interatomic forces and formulation of a general model

Several deficiencies are demonstrated in previous formulations of three-body interatomic forces, and revised and extended formulations are presented for the case of the NaCl lattice. A commonly used formulation of non-central forces and a formulation of the effect of ellipsoidal atom deformation are incorrect. Atom deformation should in general introduce two degrees of freedom in the NaCl lattice, but the only previous correct formulation of deformation effects, the commonly used “breathing shell model,” includes only one degree of freedom. The “shell model” of polarizable atoms has been correctly formulated, but applications seem to have been arbitrarily restricted to the case where short-range forces act only on shells, and not on cores. Because of these errors and incompletenesses, it is concluded that no three-body forces have been convincingly established or characterized, although the necessity of their inclusion in models is clear.
CroFab™ total anti-venom activity measured by SE-HPLC, and anti-PLA2 activity assayed in vitro at physiological pH

One problem in the development and refinement of anti-venoms is ascertaining both overall anti-venom reactivity and which key toxins are neutralized. Here we show by SE-HPLC that the in vitro reaction of CroFab anti-venin with Crotalus atrox venom asymptotically nears completion (>95%) by 11 min at 4 degrees C by following the change in area under chromatographic peaks. The peaks for reactants decrease and the formation of high molecular weight complexes increases with time. To assay the large number of samples a new microplate format phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) assay at an initial pH of 7.5 was developed using phosphotidyl choline as the substrate. The change in absorbance is due to the pH change caused by release of fatty acids, and is linear with dilution of enzyme. This choice of substrate limits detection to PLA(2) and nonspecific esterase (if any) activities. The neutralization mixtures show a dose dependent (CroFab anti-venin) inactivation of C. atrox PLA(2) activity approaching a maximum of 85% neutralization. This approach of revealing antibody binding to venom components coupled with enzyme activity measurements is effective and may lead to greater in vitro assessment of antivenin activity in product development, and less routine use of mouse lethality assays.
The effects of weight status on treatment outcomes in a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and chronically poor metabolic control

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine if being overweight attenuated the effect of multisystemic therapy (MST), an intensive, home-based psychotherapy, on metabolic outcomes among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and chronically poor metabolic control. As overweight is a marker of insulin resistance, it was hypothesized that weight status would limit the impact of behavioral changes in traditional aspects of adherence to the type 1 diabetes regimen on metabolic control. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 127 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 8% for the past year. Participants were randomly assigned to MST plus standard care (SC) or SC alone. Data were collected at baseline and 7 months post-test (i.e., treatment termination). Overweight was defined as body mass index > 85%. Results: Forty-one percent of the sample was overweight. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that adolescents in the MST group had a significant increase in frequency of blood glucose testing (BGT) [F(1,113) = 15.43, p = 0.0001] and a trend to significant improvement in HbA1c [F(1,123) = 2.99, p = 0.086] irrespective of weight. However, HbA1c decreased 0.91% (p = 0.002) for normal weight adolescents in the MST group compared with 0.20% (p = 0.570) for overweight adolescents in the MST group. Discussion: Despite improvements in adherence to BGT, overweight adolescents receiving an intensive behavioral intervention did not have a significant improvement in metabolic control compared with their normal weight peers. Overweight, an accepted marker of insulin resistance and a major public health issue, warrants increased consideration in intervention trials to improve the metabolic control of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Role of supply voltage and load capacitors in the experimental operation of small-signal MOSFET amplifiers

Abstract Experimental investigation has been performed of the role of supply voltage and load capacitors in small-signal MOSFET amplifier circuit. Particular emphasis has been given to addressing basic issues involving MOSFET amplifiers, rather than modifying the design, and hence standard amplifiers have been considered as the topic of study. The study uncovers that while keeping all other circuit parameters constant, the dc bias voltage ( V DD ) plays an important role in creating large voltage gain as it sets the condition for the transistor to be in the saturation mode. This is the region of operation of the transistor where linear amplification is achieved. The influence of load capacitor C L has been studied by connecting the output of MOS amplifier to a load. The input impedance of the load circuit is the combination of a capacitance in parallel with a resistance. It is found that the load capacitance is important for determining the frequency range for a constant amplifier gain. In general, the lower the load capacitance, the wider is the midband frequency range. At the high frequency end of the spectrum, the gain drops under the influence of C L , which is consistent with the PSpice simulation results for small-signal amplifiers. At low frequency end of the spectrum, the midband gain decreases because coupling capacitors and bypass capacitors do not act as perfect short circuits.
Rupture Process During Drop Coalescence

During the coalescence of a drop with a planar interface, a hole is generated in a microscopic film that separates the drop from the interface. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the time dependent behavior of the radius of the hole generated during coalescence. The study consisted of placing drops of various sizes and physical properties on a planar interface. The coalescence process was recorded from underneath the interface with the aid of a high speed digital camera and a prism. The experiment captured two separate processes, film rupture and the closing of the hole. During the film rupture, the hole radius demonstrated a power law time dependence. Dimensional analysis showed the percentage of time the hole used to reach its maximum radius was approximately constant for all drops. Moreover, all dimensionless drop rupture radii and times fit onto a single master curve and were independent of their physical properties during the opening. However during the closing of the hole, the dimensionless time and radii did not fit a master curve analogous to the hole rupture. The closing of the hole is an entirely different event from the opening and is governed by different parameters.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Oaths, Credibility and the Legal Process in Early Modern England: Part One

SUMMARYThis article attempts to broaden our understanding of the early modern English legal evidentiary environment by examining oath-taking both in and out of the legal environment. Part One critically examines George Fisher's argument about the centrality of oath-taking and the late arrival of credibility concerns in the common law courts. It attempts to show how legal concerns with prosecution and witness credibility interacted with oath-taking by witnesses, jurors and grand-jurors. It suggests that the frequent expression of credibility concerns at the time undermines Fisher's view that oath-takers were almost uniformly believed to be truth-tellers. Part Two, which will appear in the summer issue of Law & Humanities in 2013, extends the argument by examining witness credibility in non legal environments and the role of the rhetorical tradition in shaping credibility criteria. It will examine how witness testimony given under oath interacted with the testimony of character witnesses, expert witnesses a...
Corporations and Regions: Capturing Multiple Vicinity Spaces in European Regions

While researching intersections of regional cultures and corporations the question arises which spaces are relevant for corporations? Instead of researching regions as fixed and bordered administrative or political entities, regions need to be deconstructed as varying and overlapping spaces. After a discussion of space in theory, three European regions are researched in this paper. Thinking in different space-layers is not only an academic exercise, but also has relevance for regional policy at different policy levels. It is of interest to understand companies' transaction spaces and the spaces perceived as relevant, to capture spaces for which companies are willing to take responsibility and to understand identity spaces. The sums of these spaces build the territory, which in contrast to the region as an administrative entity; comprises the social, cultural and historical spheres. In order to understand and govern territories, however, “Multispace-Governance” research in vertical structure is needed.
Variants of Zr3Co and their superconducting critical temperatures

The effect of ternary substitutions in Zr/sub 3/Co was studied. Phase stability and T/sub c/ were studied in Zr/sub 3/Co/sub 1-x/Ni/sub x/, Zr/sub 3/Co/sub 1-x/ Cu/sub x/ and related alloy systems.
An empirical evaluation (and specification) of the all-du-paths testing criterion

The all-du-paths structural testing criterion is one of the most discriminating of the data-flow testing criteria. Unfortunately, in the worst case, the criterion requires an intractable number of test cases. In a case study of an industrial software system, we find that the worst-case scenario is rare. Eighty percent of the subroutines require ten or fewer test cases. Only one subroutine out of 143 requires an intractable number of tests. However, the number of required test cases becomes tractable when using the all-uses criterion. This paper includes a formal specification of both the all-du-paths criterion and the software tools used to estimate a minimal number of test cases necessary to meet the criterion.
Socioscience and Ethics in Science Classrooms: Teacher Perspectives and Strategies.

This study explored teacher perspectives on the use of socioscientific issues (SSI) and on dealing with ethics in the context of science instruction. Twenty-two middle and high school science teachers from three US states participated in semi-structured interviews, and researchers employed inductive analyses to explore emergent patterns relative to the following two questions. (1) How do science teachers conceptualize the place of ethics in science and science education? (2) How do science teachers handle topics with ethical implications and expression of their own values in their classrooms? Profiles were developed to capture the views and reported practices, relative to the place of ethics in science and science classrooms, of participants. Profile A comprising teachers who embraced the notion of infusing science curricula with SSI and cited examples of using controversial topics in their classes. Profile B participants supported SSI curricula in theory but reported significant constraints which prohibited them from actualizing these goals. Profile C described teachers who were non-committal with respect to focusing instruction on SSI and ethics. Profile D was based on the position that science and science education should be value-free. Profile E transcended the question of ethics in science education; these teachers felt very strongly that all education should contribute to their students' ethical development. Participants also expressed a wide range of perspectives regarding the expression of their own values in the classroom. Implications of this research for science education are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 353–376, 2006
Do Adjusted Subscores Lack Validity? Don't Blame the Messenger

There are several techniques that increase the precision of subscores by borrowing information from other parts of the test. These techniques have been criticized on validity grounds in several of the recent publications. In this note, the authors question the argument used in these publications and suggest both inherent limits to the validity argument and empirical issues worth examining.
Recent progress in heme synthesis and metabolism

Heme serves as the prosthetic group of various hemoproteins that carry out many essential functions for cells. For example, the transport of oxygen is carried out by hemoglobin and myoglobin; electron transport depends on the function of various mitochondrial cytochromes; oxidative metabolism in a number of xenobiotic substances and endogenous steroid hormones, vitamins and fatty acids are catalyzed by the activity of the microsomal cytochrome P450. In addition, heme is involved in the translation of proteins, and is required in certain aspects of cell development and differentiation. Inherited and acquired enzymatic defects in heme biosynthesis result in clinical conditions termed the porphyrias. Patients with porphyria express various difficulties in these functions as neurological disturbances, abnormal drug metabolism, and/or skin photosensitivity. Recent advances in this field have shed much light on the genetic, enzymological and clinical aspects of heme synthesis, catabolism and inherited defects of these enzymes.
The Bioactivity of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix in Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage matrix is a promising material for cartilage regeneration given the evidence supporting its chondroinductive character. The "raw materials" of cartilage matrix can serve as building blocks and signals for tissue regeneration. These matrices can be created by chemical or physical processing: physical methods disrupt cellular membranes and nuclei but may not fully remove all cell components and DNA, whereas chemical methods combined with physical methods are effective in fully decellularizing such materials. It is important to delineate between the sources of the cartilage matrix, that is, derived from matrix in vitro or from native tissue, and then to further characterize the cartilage matrix based on the processing method, decellularization or devitalization. With these distinctions, four types of cartilage matrices exist: decellularized native cartilage (DCC), devitalized native cartilage (DVC), decellularized cell-derived matrix (DCCM), and devitalized cell-derived matrix (DVCM). One currently marketed cartilage matrix device is decellularized, although trends in patents suggest additional decellularized products may be available in the future. To identify the most relevant source and processing for cartilage matrix, testing needs to include targeting the desired application, optimizing delivery of the material, identify relevant FDA regulations, assess availability of materials, and immunogenic properties of the product.
Exploring the conventionalization of organic dairy: trends and counter-trends in upstate New York.

Stakeholders in traditional dairy-producing states in the upper Midwest and Northeast hope that the boom in the organic milk market will offer family-scale dairy farms a means to escape the cost-price squeeze of the conventional food system. However, recent trends in organic dairy raise questions about whether organic dairy is conventionalizing, which is to say it is coming to resemble the conventional sector as shown in disparities of power in the value chain that pressure all participants to adopt more industrial practices. This paper reports the results of an exploratory qualitative study of whether and how the organic milk value chain in upstate New York is conventionalizing. Findings lend some support to the conventionalization hypothesis in that organic milk from the beginning has been produced, processed, and marketed as a commodity, and the federal regulations governing organic dairy have facilitated the replication of this commodity-based system. However, there is also evidence that some producers are responding to these pressures not by intensifying, but by going deeper into the alternative organic model, forging more direct and local relationships along the value chain and embracing principles of the organic movement.
Modeling in Materials Processing

1. Introduction 2. Governing equations 3. Scaling and model simplification 4. Heat conduction and materials processing 5. Isothermal Newtonian fluid flow 6. Non-Newtonian fluid flow 7. Heat transfer with fluid flow 8. Mass transfer and solidification microstructures Appendix A. Mathematical background Appendix B. Balance and kinematic equations.
Survival of Primary Condylar-Constrained Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Minimum of 7 Years

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to retrospectively analyze clinical and radiographic outcomes in primary constrained condylar knee arthroplasty at a minimum follow-up of 7 years. Given the concern for early aseptic loosening in constrained implants, we focused on this outcome. Our cohort consists of 127 constrained condylar knees. The mean age of patients in the study was 68.3 years, with a mean follow-up of 110.7 months. The diagnosis was primary osteoarthritis in 92%. There were four periprosthetic distal femur fractures, with a rate of revision of 0.8%. No implants were revised for aseptic loosening. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis with removal of any component as the end point revealed that the 10-year rate of survival of the primary CCK was 97.6% (95% CI, 94%–100%).
Physical Properties of Saltstone: Physical Properties of Saltstone: A Savannah River Plant Waste Form

A cement-based waste form, “saltstone,” has been designed for disposal of Savannah River Plant low-level radioactive salt waste. Laboratory and field tests indicate that this stabilization process greatly reduces the mobility of all of the waste constituents in the surface and near-surface environment. Bulk properties of this material have been tailored with respect to salt leach rate, permeability, and compressive strength. Microstructure and mineralogy were characterized by SEM and x-ray diffraction analyses. Compressive strength was found to increase as the water to cement ratio decreased. Porosity and mean pore size increased with increasing water to cement ratios. Bulk diffusivities of the various ions dissolved in the pore solutions were also found to increase as water to cement ratios increased.
Viruslike particles in Drosophila: constant appearance in imaginal discs in vitro.

Abstract A tissue culture technique for Drosophila imaginal discs is described which allows for the reproducible appearance of viruslike particles after 7 days of incubation. Previous observers have found these particles only in vivo, after varying lengths of time, and in either rapidly dividing or fully differentiated tissues. In contrast, the particles seen in vitro appear regularly at 7 days, and are found in tissues which are declining and undifferentiated. A tentative classification of the particles observed is given, based on morphological characteristics.
Generation of anti-tumor immunity using mammalian heat shock protein 70 DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract In this study, we explored the protective anti-tumor potency of mouse (self) Hsp70 or Hsp110-based DNA vaccination approach targeting a tumor-associated antigen, human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 E7 protein. Linkage of E7 to the N-terminus of the mouse Hsp70 not only elicits an E7-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response, but also protects mice against challenge with E7 expressing tumors. CD8 + T-cells are crucial in both priming and effector phases for the induction of tumor immunity, whereas CD4 + T-cells and NK cells do not appear to play a major role. Furthermore, the ATP-binding domain deletion mutant Hsp70 382–641 , when fused to E7, was immunologically effective, suggesting that the peptide-binding region, not the ATPase domain of Hsp70, is required for the vaccine activity of the E7-Hsp70 DNA. This study demonstrates that autologous Hsp70 is highly potent in enhancing antigen-specific immune responses. Functional domain mapping and orientation of the E7 and Hsp70 in the fusion gene may have clinical implications for the design and optimization of Hsp70-based DNA vaccines.
Abstract B148: The miRNA-200 family regulates cell migration and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

miRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of genes involved in such canonical signaling pathways as the TGF-β and EGF pathways, both of which are frequently altered in tumor cells. miRNA downregulation results in upregulation of its target genes and ultimately aberrant signaling of pathways involved in invasion and migration, for example. To better understand how alterations in miRNA expression could lead to metastasis, we used a lung adenocarcinoma mouse model in which a lentivirus expressing the Cre recombinase activates oncogenic K-Ras and deletes p53, giving rise to primary lung tumors (T) and metastases (M). We performed miRNA expression profiling on 30 T and M derived cell lines and identified three members of the miR-200 family - miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-429 - to be significantly downregulated in the M lines compared to their related T line. To explore the functional contribution of the miR-200s to metastasis, we designed a miRNA sponge to stably inhibit endogenous miR-200 levels in T cell lines. We found miR-200 depletion promoted wound healing and cell migration towards either serum or EGF. Transplantation of the sponge-expressing lines via tail vein led to in vivo formation of more invasive, metastatic tumors compared to controls. Previously, the miR-200 family has been shown to inhibit the TGF-β target gene and EMT mediator, Zeb1. We have identified another miR-200 target, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Substrate 8 (Eps8), which mediates actin based cell motility. In miR-200 low (M) cells, Eps8 is expressed three-fold higher than in corresponding miR-200 high (T) cells. Additionally, exogenous expression of Eps8 in T lines promotes wound healing and cell migration, relative to control cells. Thus, our findings implicate the miR-200s as a class of metastasis regulators that modulate expression of genes functionally relevant in tumor cell dissemination and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention of late stage lung adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B148.
Central Vein Thrombophlebitis Associated with a Permanent Silastic Central Catheter

The use of silastic catheters for total parenteral nutrition has greatly expanded. Their decided advantages of flexibility and minimal thrombogenicity favor their use in the long-term nutritional support. This case report details the development of central vein thrombophlebitis associated with an indwelling central silastic catheter. This uncommon hazard of central venous catheterization is not eliminated by the use of silastic catheters.
Effects of channel cytoplasmic regions on the activation mechanisms of cardiac versus skeletal muscle Na(+) channels.

Abstract Functional comparison of skeletal muscle (rSkM1) and cardiac (hH1) voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed rSkM1 half-activation ( V a ) and inactivation ( V i ) voltages 7 and 10mV more depolarized than hH1 V a and V i , respectively. Internal papain perfusion removed fast inactivation from each isoform and caused a 20-mV hyperpolarizing shift in hH1 V a , with an insignificant change in rSkM1 V a . Activation voltage of the inactivation-deficient hH1 mutant, hH1Q3, was nearly identical to wild-type hH1 V a , both before and after papain treatment, with hH1Q3 V a also shifted by nearly 20mV after internal papain perfusion. These data indicate that while papain removes both hH1 and rSkM1 inactivation, it has a second effect only on hH1 that causes a shift in activation voltage. Internal treatment with an antibody directed against the III-IV linker essentially mimicked papain treatment by removing some inactivation from each isoform and causing a 12-mV shift in hH1 V a , while rSkM1 V a remained constant. This suggests that some channel segment within, near, or interacting with the III-IV linker is involved in establishing hH1 activation voltage. Together the data show that rSkM1 and hH1 activation mechanisms are different and are the first to suggest a role for a cytoplasmic structure in the voltage-dependent activation of cardiac sodium channels.