cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of a normal, human-concentration, phytoestrogen diet on rat uterine growth

The estrogenic action of the prototype natural phytoestrogen coumestrol was examined in rats in in vitro and in vivo tests. To establish the binding specificity of coumestrol and its relation to biological activities, saturation analyses and uterine weight assays were performed. These assays indicated that coumestrol competitively inhibited binding to the estrogen receptor and induced increases in uterine weight in keeping with its estrogen receptor affinity constant. Most importantly, coumestrol was uterotrophic when incorporated in a semipurified diet at natural dietary concentrations. Significant increases occurred in both uterine wet weight and dry weight, indicating that coumestrol produces true uterine growth. Effects appeared to be cumulative, raising questions of time-related interactions with other estrogen-sensitive mechanisms and clearance of isoflavonoids. Coumestrol induced uterine growth over a 90-hour period at dietary concentrations of 0.01 to 0.1%. Lower doses not active over this period were active when provided over a longer period of time: a 0.005% concentration was not active over a 90-hour period, but was active when provided over a 180-hour period. Coumestrol-induced uterine growth was accompanied by the induction of cytosolic progestin receptors and increases in nuclear estrogen binding. Scatchard analyses verified that these changes were due to changes in receptor number. These studies show that the naturally occurring phytoestrogens have dramatic estrogenic effects at natural dietary levels. These actions may be expressed via traditional receptor-mediated actions and therefore may have the same implications for development, health, and disease as do the steroidal estrogens produced by the body. Because rats have no sex hormone-binding globulin, further studies must be conducted in humans. However, these findings suggest that the natural dietary phytoestrogen coumestrol is a potent estrogen that must be considered in calculating the total estrogenic load to which humans are exposed during normal life.
Effects of physical training and thyroxine on rodent cardiac functional and biochemical properties

The effects of 8 weeks of interval running and of 14 days of thyroxine treatment were studied on selected cardiac functional and biochemical parameters of contraction in both female guinea pigs and rats. Relative to their respective sendentary-control groups, both trained groups demonstrated typical exercise adaptations of resting bradycardia and of increases in skeletal muscle oxidative enzymes and relative heart mass (P less than 0.05). Myosin ATPase, Ca2+ regulated myofibril ATPase, and + dP/dt max were at least two-fold higher in rats compared to guinea pigs (P less than 0.001). Physical training did not augment any of these parameters in either species under the experimental conditions studied. However, biochemical and functional indices of intrinsic cardiac contractility in guinea pigs were increased by injections of thyroxine; whereas, the same treatment regimen was without effect on the rats. These findings suggest that chronic running does not alter the intrinsic cardiac contractility state in either species. Also, exercise doesn't change the thyroid state of the guinea pig to a level sufficient to affect cardiac function.
Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes of a pyridine-based pincer ligand

Abstract The pincer ligands 2,6-H3C5N(CH2NR2)2, LR, have been studied in their reaction towards CuCl2 and CuCl. For CuCl2, the case R=Et gives square-pyramidal (η3-LEt)CuCl2 with an apical CuCl distance 0.27 A longer than the equatorial one. For R=iPr, the chloride-loss product (η3-LiPr)CuCl+ is established as its CuCl4 2− salt. The mer geometry of the ligand in these two compounds is intolerable for Cu(I), and a ligand-redistribution product from CuCl is (η2-LMe)2Cu+, together with linear CuCl2 −. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of monomeric (LMe)Cu(I)Lq with L=MeCN, C2H4 or Cl− show a distinct tendency for one or both NMe2 arms to dissociate from Cu(I), while the Cu(II) analogs adopt planar geometry.
Control of response timing occurs during the simple reaction time interval but on-line for choice reaction time

The preparation of multiple element movements has been examined for decades, with no clear explanation offered for the disparate results observed. Results from 2 experiments are presented and, in conjunction with previous results, a theoretical interpretation is offered regarding the preparatory processes that occur before, during and after the reaction time (RT) interval for multiple element movements during both simple and choice RT paradigms. In Experiment 1, number of elements and timing complexity were manipulated in a simple RT key-press task, using a startling acoustic stimulus to probe advance preparation. Both startle and nonstartle RT increased with number of movement elements and for a movement with increased timing complexity, providing evidence that the control of response timing occurs during the RT interval. In Experiment 2, the production of key-press movements of varying number of elements was compared in a simple versus choice RT paradigm. Results indicated that simple RT was affected by the number of elements, yet choice RT was not. Additionally, choice RT trials showed significantly longer interresponse intervals compared with those observed in simple RT trials, providing evidence for online processing in choice RT. The results of both studies, together with previous findings, suggest that planning of the timing of the onsets of the elements is prepared during simple RT, whereas planning of other aspects of the sequence of elements seems to occur in the foreperiod prior to the "go" signal. Conversely, in the choice RT paradigm, timing seems to be controlled online. This explanation may bring closure on difficulties encountered in over 50 years of research examining response preparation for complex movements.
Extraction of equivalent‐circuit parameters of interconnection lines with the use of the finite‐difference time‐domain method

This Letter presents a simple technique for extracting the equivalent parameters of transmission-line interconnects based on the finite-difference–time-domain (FDTD) method. The transmission line containing the discontinuity is divided into a set of uniform segments of short-length line. Next, the parameters of each of these segments are extracted by substituting the FDTD solution into the telegrapher's equations. The accuracy of the method is comparing by the results with those derived via the method of moments (MoM). The equivalent circuit can be used in a SPICE simulator to predict the performance of interconnect with a view to enhancing the characterization and design of high-speed digital circuits. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 59–61, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10373
Prognostic factors for patients with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer receiving intraperitoneal chemotherapy after second-look assessment: results of long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND. The aim was to determine the long-term outcome for patients with FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) treated with intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy after second-look assessment. METHODS. By using data from a retrospective cohort of 433 patients who received IP therapy after second-look assessment after primary surgery and initial systemic therapy for EOC between 1984 and 1998 at our institution, all FIGO stage IIIC and IV patients were identified. Standard statistical methods were used. RESULTS. Overall, 297 patients met study criteria (246 stage IIIC; 51 stage IV). The median survival for patients with stage IV disease was 34 months compared with 42 months for patients with stage IIIC disease (P = .02). The only significant predictor of overall survival in patients with stage IV disease was the presence of gross residual disease at initiation of IP therapy (P = .027). When comparing stage IV patients with and without pleural effusions to all stage IIIC patients, there was a significant trend toward improved survival in the patients with pleural effusions only compared with other stage IV patients (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS. Prolonged overall survival was observed in patients with no gross residual disease at the time of IP chemotherapy initiation. When compared with similarly treated stage IIIC patients, stage IV patients with malignant pleural effusions appear to have a better outcome than those with other sites of metastasis. Future prospective trials should evaluate the use of IP therapy for patients with stage IV EOC by virtue of malignant pleural effusions only who responded to initial systemic therapy. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Adult Neurogenesis Is Necessary to Refine and Maintain Circuit Specificity

The circuitry of the olfactory bulb contains a precise anatomical map that links isofunctional regions within each olfactory bulb. This intrabulbar map forms perinatally and undergoes activity-dependent refinement during the first postnatal weeks. Although this map retains its plasticity throughout adulthood, its organization is remarkably stable despite the addition of millions of new neurons to this circuit. Here we show that the continuous supply of new neuroblasts from the subventricular zone is necessary for both the restoration and maintenance of this precise central circuit. Using pharmacogenetic methods to conditionally ablate adult neurogenesis in transgenic mice, we find that the influx of neuroblasts is required for recovery of intrabulbar map precision after disruption due to sensory block. We further demonstrate that eliminating adult-born interneurons in naive animals leads to an expansion of tufted cell axons that is identical to the changes caused by sensory block, thus revealing an essential role for new neurons in circuit maintenance under baseline conditions. These findings show, for the first time, that inhibiting adult neurogenesis alters the circuitry of projection neurons in brain regions that receive new interneurons and points to a critical role for adult-born neurons in stabilizing a brain circuit that exhibits high levels of plasticity.
P1C-5 Shear Strain Imaging with Shear Deformation

In this paper we investigate the generation of shear strain elastograms induced using a lateral shear deformation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the shear strain elastograms obtained under shear deformation exhibit significant differences between bounded and unbounded inclusion phantoms, when compared to shear strain images induced upon an axial compression. A theoretical model that estimates the decorrelation between preand post-deformation radiofrequency signals as a function of the shear deformation quantified by the lateral shear angle is also developed. Signal-to-noise ratios of shear strain elastograms obtained at different shear angles are investigated theoretically and verified using ultrasound simulations on a uniformly elastic phantom. Our results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratios of shear strain images increases to reach a maximum and then decreases with increasing shear angle. Shear strain elastograms obtained experimentally using single inclusion tissue-mimicking phantoms with both bound and unbound inclusions (mimicking cancerous masses and benign fibroadenomas respectively) demonstrate the characteristic differences in the depiction of these inclusions on the shear strain elastograms
Cortactin Binding to F-actin Revealed by Electron Microscopy and 3D Reconstruction

Cortactin and WASP activate Arp2/3-mediated actin filament nucleation and branching. However, different mechanisms underlie activation by the two proteins, which rely on distinct actin-binding modules and modes of binding to actin filaments. It is generally thought that cortactin binds to "mother" actin filaments, while WASP donates actin monomers to Arp2/3-generated "daughter" filament branches. Interestingly, cortactin also binds WASP in addition to F-actin and the Arp2/3 complex. However, the structural basis for the role of cortactin in filament branching remains unknown, making interpretation difficult. Here, electron microscopy and 3D reconstruction were carried out on F-actin decorated with the actin-binding repeating domain of cortactin, revealing conspicuous density on F-actin attributable to cortactin that is located on a consensus-binding site on subdomain-1 of actin subunits. Strikingly, the binding of cortactin widens the gap between the two long-pitch filament strands. Although other proteins have been found to alter the structure of the filament, the cortactin-induced conformational change appears unique. The results are consistent with a mechanism whereby alterations of the F-actin structure may facilitate recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex to the "mother" filament in the cortex of cells. In addition, cortactin may act as a structural adapter protein, stabilizing nascent filament branches while mediating the simultaneous recruitment of Arp2/3 and WASP.
Intron Size, Abundance, and Distribution within Untranslated Regions of Genes

Most research concerning the evolution of introns has largely considered introns within coding sequences (CDSs), without regard for introns located within untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes. Here, we directly determined intron size, abundance, and distribution in UTRs of genes using full-length cDNA libraries and complete genome sequences for four species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, human, and mouse. Overall intron occupancy (introns/exon kbp) is lower in 5' UTRs than CDSs, but intron density (intron occupancy in regions containing introns) tends to be higher in 5' UTRs than in CDSs. Introns in 5' UTRs are roughly twice as large as introns in CDSs, and there is a sharp drop in intron size at the 5' UTR-CDS boundary. We propose a mechanistic explanation for the existence of selection for larger intron size in 5' UTRs, and outline several implications of this hypothesis. We found introns to be randomly distributed within 5' UTRs, so long as a minimum required exon size was assumed. Introns in 3' UTRs were much less abundant than in 5' UTRs. Though this was expected for human and mouse that have intron-dependent nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathways that discourage the presence of introns within the 3' UTR, it was also true for A. thaliana and D. melanogaster, which may lack intron-dependent NMD. Our findings have several implications for theories of intron evolution and genome evolution in general.
Saturn's Luminosity and Magnetism

The Pioneer 11 results for Saturn's large heat output, small magnetic field, and near-axisymmetry of the field may all be explained by an interior model in which the helium is undergoing phase separation and is nonuniformly distributed. Substantial depletion of helium from the atmosphere is predicted.
Membranes of mammary gland--XVIII. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and 5-thio-D-glucose decrease lactose content, inhibit secretory maturation and depress protein synthesis and secretion in lactating rat mammary gland.

Abstract 1. 1. Oral administration of either 2-deoxy- d -glucose or 5-thio- d -glucose to lactating rats decreased mammary tissue lactose content to half of control levels within 3 hr. 2. 2. While secretory vesicles in control rats were large and fully swollen in apical regions of epithelial cells, those in epithelial cells of glucose-analog treated rats were less fully developed. 3. 3. Mammary tissue from analog treated rats synthesized protein at lower rates than that from control animals. 4. 4. When included in the incubation medium deoxyglucose and thioglucose blocked release of protein. 5. 5. The effects of these glucose analogs on lactose synthesis, secretory vesicle development and protein synthesis and release appeared to be related to their ability to inhibit glucose transport.
Thermodynamic constraints on the formation conditions of winonaites and silicate-bearing IAB irons

Abstract Silicate inclusions in IAB irons and related winonaite meteorites have textures, mineralogies and mineral chemistries that indicate a complex formation history of heating, followed by brecciation and metamorphism. Using olivine-orthopyroxene-chromite assemblages in five IAB iron silicate inclusions (Caddo County, Campo del Cielo, Copiapo, Lueders, and Udei Station) and one winonaite (Winona), we calculated closure temperatures and oxygen fugacities for these meteorites. Calculated olivine-chromite Fe-Mg exchange temperatures are compared to two-pyroxene temperatures. Olivine-chromite closure temperatures range from ∼590°C to ∼700°C, while two-pyroxene temperatures range from ∼900°C to ∼1200°C. Oxygen fugacities of these meteorites, determined for the first time in this study, range from 2.3 to 3.2 log units below the Fe-FeO buffer and define a line between the Fe-FeO and Cr-Cr 2 O 3 buffers. Highly variable temperatures were experienced by these rocks on the hand sample, and sometimes even the thin section, scale consistent with the idea that the winonaite-IAB iron parent body experienced collisional fragmentation and reassembly after peak temperatures were reached. Although modest reduction likely occurred during cooling, the oxygen fugacities and mineral compositions recorded at peak metamorphic temperatures suggest that the chondritic precursor for this parent body was initially more reduced than ordinary chondrites.
From Dandruff to Deep-Sea Vents: Malassezia-like Fungi Are Ecologically Hyper-diverse

As the dominant component of the mycobiota on human skin [1] —both healthy and diseased [2] —the genus Malassezia has received a fair amount of attention. Since the middle of the 19th century, researchers have linked these fungi with skin maladies such as dandruff and eczema [3], but their difficulty to culture axenically long hampered studies of their systematics and diversity [4]. Malassezia is the sole genus within the fungal order Malasseziales, contained within the proposed subphylum Malasseziomycetes (anonymous reviewer; personal communication). Although Malassezia is sister to the so-called “smut” plant pathogens, they are markedly divergent in ecological terms. A hallmark of Malassezia species is their incomplete fatty acids synthesis metabolic pathway, and reliance, instead, on a suite of extracellular lipases, phospholipases, and acid sphingomyelinases [5]. In fact, only a single species, M. pachydermatis, is able to survive in axenic culture lacking lipid amendment [6]. Until recently, it was assumed that Malassezia evolved into a specialized and narrow niche associated with the skin of mammalian hosts. However, culture-independent studies of fungi from environmental samples show that Malassezia are exceedingly widespread and ecologically diverse [3]. Recent studies in little-characterized marine environments point to extensive diversification of Malassezia-like organisms, providing exciting opportunities to explore the ecology, evolution and diversity of this enigmatic group.
Epitaxy of Ni on Si(111) by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition

Epitaxial growth of Ni (111) on Si (111) has previously been obtained at room temperature by 25-keV-Ni ion beam assisted deposition, where both ion and vapor fluxes were incident at 45° to the specimen normal. This work explores the effect of a wider range of deposition conditions on epitaxial film quality. Nominally 300-nm-thick films were deposited at room temperature on Si (111) and other substrates. The substrates were sputter cleaned by the Ni ion beam immediately prior to deposition. Ion energies of 25 to 175 keV, relative ion to vapor fluxes R from 0 to 0.1, and vapor deposition rates of 0.05 to 0.5 nm/s were examined. Bragg-Brentano symmetric x-ray diffraction evaluated film quality while Ni (220) grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction rocking curves verified film epitaxy. Film quality changed gradually over these deposition parameters, with an optimum at 25 keV and an R of about 0.01. At higher energies and R values sputtering and radiation damage destroyed the film epitaxy.
Turk and Jew in Berlin: the first Turkish migration to Germany and the Shoah

In this paper I critically examine the conflation of Turk with Muslim, explore the Turkish experience of Nazism, and examine Turkey's relation to the darkest era of German history. Whereas many assume that Turks in Germany cannot share in the Jewish past, and that for them the genocide of the Jews is merely a borrowed memory, I show how intertwined the history of Turkey and Germany, Turkish and German anti-Semitism, and Turks and Jews are. Bringing together the histories of individual Turkish citizens who were Jewish or Donme (descendants of Jews) in Nazi Berlin with the history of Jews in Turkey, I argue the categories “Turkish” and “Jewish” were converging identities in the Third Reich. Untangling them was a matter of life and death. I compare the fates of three neighbors in Berlin: Isaak Behar, a Turkish Jew stripped of his citizenship by his own government and condemned to Auschwitz; Fazli Taylan, a Turkish citizen and Donme, whom the Turkish government exerted great efforts to save; and Eric Auerbach, a German Jew granted refuge in Turkey. I ask what is at stake for Germany and Turkey in remembering the narrative of the very few German Jews saved by Turkey, but in forgetting the fates of the far more numerous Turkish Jews in Nazi-era Berlin. I conclude with a discussion of the political effects today of occluding Turkish Jewishness by failing to remember the relationship between the first Turkish migration to Germany and the Shoah.
Perceptions about managerial advancement in the people's republic of China

Cultural differences are evident in the managerial advancement strategies of People's Republic of China managers. Using the findings of prior research for comparison, PRC managers were found to be similar to Hong Kong mangers in not valuing highly the strategies preferred by US managers that emphasize individual achievement. Yet PRC managers differ from the Hong Kong managers in terms of the extent to which information control/networking strategies meet ethical approval. The findings here support the implications of prior studies: awareness of cultural differences is necessary in order to understand managerial behavior and achieve success in international business transactions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PERSONALITY VARIABLES RELATED TO SELF-REINFORCEMENT.

(1964). Personality Variables Related to Self-Reinforcement. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 169-175.
Codling Moth: Mating of Irradiated and Unirradiated Laboratory-reared and Native Moths in the Field

Unirradiated, laboratory-reared males of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) mated 29.6% less than native males in field tests. Laboratory-reared males irradiated with 30 krad of gamma irradiation mated 62.6% less than native males.
The post-incision steps of the DNA base excision repair pathway in Escherichia coli: Studies with a closed circular DNA substrate containing a single U:G base pair

The DNA base excision repair pathway is responsible for removal of oxidative and endogenous DNA base damage in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This pathway involves formation of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site in the DNA, which is further processed to restore the integrity of the DNA. In Escherichia coli it has been suggested that the major mode of repair involves replacement of a single nucleotide at the AP site, based on repair synthesis studies using oligonucleotide substrates containing a unique uracil base. The mechanism of the post-incision steps of the bacterial base excision repair pathway was examined using a DNA plasmid substrate containing a single U:G base pair. Repair synthesis carried out by repair-proficient ung, recJ and xon E.coli cell extracts was analyzed by restriction endonuclease cleavage of the DNA containing the uracil lesion. It was found that replacement of the uracil base was always accompanied by replacement of several nucleotides ( approximately 15) 3' of the uracil and this process was absolutely dependent on initial removal of the uracil base by the action of uracil-DNA glycosylase. In contrast to findings with oligonucleotide substrates, replacement of just a single nucleotide at the lesion site was not detected. These results suggest that repair patch length may be substrate dependent and a re-evaluation of the post-incision steps of base excision repair is suggested.
Blacks' Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Television

Most studies that have examined attitudes and behavior of blacks toward mass media have emphasized the differences between their attitudes and behaviors and those of whites. These studies implicitly assumed a relatively homogeneous black perspective. In contrast, this study explores differences among black adults in their attitudes and behavior toward television and the social processes accounting for these differences. A recursive structural equation model was employed to interpret patterns of direct and indirect effects among a set of variables representing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, general and race-related attitudes, television exposure, preference, and evaluation. Results indicate that variation in attitudes and behaviors toward television (especially those related to perceived bias and perceived bad points of black-oriented situation comedies) is systematically related to differences among black adults in their exposure to the medium, subjective orientations, and demographic and ...
Developing an environmental education program case study: Motorola

Introducing new methods and design principles throughout large corporations is often difficult and can be time consuming. It is particularly challenging to incorporate new concepts or ideas into corporate culture. Motorola's corporate management however decided to do just that by using an educational vehicle to introduce environmental issues into the company. Motorola approached the Department of Engineering Professional Development (EPD) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the Spring of 1992 with an intriguing proposal: to develop two new environmental courses, in a very short time frame, for their employees. Thus, two special courses, to highlight environmental concerns, were developed jointly by the University and Motorola. This unique training approach was used by Motorola in 1993 to affect corporate culture. This paper describes the educational challenges of course design and course content. >
Internet multicast over asynchronous transfer mode

This paper discusses the issues surrounding deployment of Internet protocol (IF) multicasting (IPmc) capabilities in an asynchronous Transfer mode (ATM) environment. It describes the approach for supporting IPmc over ATM defined in a working draft specification under development in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), explains the MITRE Corporation's contribution to this approach, and suggests potential extensions to this working draft specification that may be useful for supporting military applications.
Frege on the Individuation of Thoughts

Les caracterisations apparemment conflictuelles que propose Frege des pensees comme etant a la fois vericonditionnelles et ordonnees a la cognition, peuvent etre vues comme deux manifestations d'une unique conception unificatrice. Mais ni la conception unificatrice ni chacune des caracterisations divergentes ne conduisent a un veritable critere d'identite pour les pensees. Car aucune des voies qu'elles suggerent pour distinguer les pensees les unes des autres ou pour les reidentifier ne peut etre adoptee sans l'aide d'une facon prealable d'individuer les pensees
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA Mutation Carriers: Role of Serial Sectioning in the Detection of Occult Malignancy

Purpose Women who carry deleterious mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have up to a 54% lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. After childbearing, women at high risk increasingly choose bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Two recent studies of BRCA mutation carriers reported occult malignancy in 2.5% of women undergoing RRSO. This study aimed to increase this detection rate using a protocol. Methods In 1996, the University of California San Francisco Gynecologic Oncology Program instituted a surgical-pathologic RRSO protocol that was composed of complete removal and serial sectioning of both ovaries and fallopian tubes, peritoneal and omental biopsies, and collection of peritoneal washings for cytology. We report the pathologic findings in 67 BRCA mutation carriers according to the degree of adherence to this protocol. Results Of the 67 procedures, the protocol was followed completely or partially in 41 (61%). Seven occult malignancies were discovered, four in the fallopian tube and ...
Hydromagnetic Theory of Solar Sectors: Slow Hydromagnetic Waves

Magnetic sectors on the sun are a feature, when the solar dipole field is subtracted, reminiscent of grapefruit sections in terms of the boundaries described by the magnetic field polarity change. One possible suggestion for the origin of these sectors is that they are hydromagnetic waves controlled by the rotation, toroidal magnetic field, and stratification within the convection zone of the sun. The merits of this suggestion are evaluated with respect to the observations and a specific theoretical model.
"Large magnets: Where we are, and where we must go"

There is a great deal of interest in magnet technology. There are major projects in construction and serious planes for significant scale-ups; it is therefore of particular value to examine the process of scale-up. For example, some of the future magnets considered by the MHD and Fusion Communities seem very large relative to the present level of accomplishment. Topics discussed include large magnets for high energy physics, energy storage magnets, the Mirror fusion program as well as the tokamak program. Recommendations for a realistic test program are considered. 56 refs.
JEWS OR NOT? RECONSTRUCTING THE “OTHER” IN REV 2:9 AND 3:9

John of Patmos describes his opponents in both Smyrna and Philadelphia as “those who say that they are Jews but are not, but are a synagogue of Satan” (Rev 2:9; 3:9). But when the historian of early Christianity tries to give some historical dimension to these opponents, there unravels one of the signature conundrums of ancient labelling: are the opponents Jews? Non-Jews? Which interpretation is simplest, according to the criterion of Ockham's Razor? And what could these terms have meant for John? Most critically, what terms can we ourselves use to designate these parties without resorting to anachronistic definitions of “Jew” or “Christian”?
Factors Limiting the Utility of Homeopronematus anconai (Acari: Tydeidae) in Integrated Pest Management in San Joaquin Valley Vineyards

A survey showed that the tydeid mite Homeopronematus (Pronematus) anconai (Baker) occurs in all grape-growing areas of the San Joaquin Valley of California. High temperatures and the pesticides used in vineyards were examined as factors that might explain why H. anconai populations are low in commercial vineyards during the summer. Cyclic high temperatures and long days were not detrimental to egg hatch, development, or reproduction of H. anconai , but sulfur and three acaricides are toxic and may limit vineyard populations. Most insecticides commonly used in California vineyards were also found to be toxic. Suggestions for selective pesticide use are made in the context of the role of H. anconai as an alternate prey of Metaseiulus (Typhlodromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt), an effective predator of the Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor.
PHYLOGENYOF THE VLE-14 CHLAMYOMONAS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) GROUP: A STUDY OF 18S rRNA GENE SEQUENCES1

Comparative specificity of sporangial wall autolysins (i.e. vegetative lytic enzymes [VLE]) derived from sporulating cultures has been used to group Chlamydomonas taxa into 15 different VLE types. The VLE-14 group, including isolates of C. geitleri, C. noctigama, C. monoica, C. pinicola, C. terricoia, and C. hindakii, is one of the largest of these VLE groups. Genetic studies have shown that a number of the VLE-14 taxa are interfertile, albeit with little or reduced viability of progeny. A reevaluation of the VLE-14 group suggested that all members should be regarded as distinct isolates of C. noctigama. The present investigation tests the phylogenetic implications of the VLE evidence and examines the validity of the taxonomic reevaluation in a phylogenetic context by analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Results from analyses of the sequence data are consistent with an interpretation of the VLE evidence as indicative of monophyletic taxa. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data are also consistent with the taxonomic reevaluation and reidentification of the group. However, at least some of the VLE-14 isolates studied in this investigation fit criteria for distinct biologic or phylogenetic species. It is concluded that the VLE-14 taxa represent a very closely allied group that includes some isolates that are in the early stages of speciation ly reproductive isolation.
The psychological impact of disaster on rescue personnel

Seventy-nine rescue, fire, and medical personnel and police officers who treated victims of an apartment building explosion completed a questionnaire describing their emotional and coping responses to the disaster. Eighty percent had at least one symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eight of 21 PTSD symptoms were present in at least 10% of respondents. The most frequently reported symptom, intrusive thoughts about the disaster, occurred in 74% of those working with or searching for victims at the disaster site. On-the-scene rescue workers had significantly more (P less than .02) PTSD symptoms than did inhospital staff. Fifty-two percent of the respondents reported that family members and coworkers were supportive or very supportive in meeting their emotional needs following the disaster; 36% noted that support networks were not helpful. The coping behaviors most frequently used were to remind oneself that things could be worse (57%) and to try to keep a realistic perspective on the situation (53%). Eleven percent reported seeking emotional support from others or looking to others for direction. Emergency workers responding to a contained, small-scale disaster are likely to experience mild stress responses. Planning for the emotional aspects of these events is needed.
The changing role of pesticides in pest management

Significant changes have occurred in the role of pesticides in pest management programmes since the publication of Carson’s book Silent Spring in 1962. This discourse addresses the multitude of factors which contributed to these changes including such factors as policy and legislation, the public’s perception of associated risks, population pressures, the availability of practical integrated pest management programmes, and perhaps most importantly, the constraints to IPM in Third World countries. While reliable statistics are difficult to obtain, the changing patterns in pesticide use in the tropical regions are also discussed. Finally, the future of pesticide use in developing countries is projected, as is the necessity of their use and expected impacts.
A slide test for the diagnosis of syphilis.

A simple slide test has been developed which seems to possess certain advantages over previously described serum tests. The stock antigen is stable. Inactivation of serum is unnecessary. The time required to make the test is two minutes. No special laboratory equipment or facilities are required.Antigen preparation: Fresh veal hearts are selected, and the superficial fat removed. The muscle is ground in a sausage grinder, and spread on paper and dried by an electric fan. After it is completely dried, it is powdered in a mortar and extracted with ether. Four hundred cc. of ether are used to each 100 gm. of powdered heart and allowed to act for ten minutes, shaking frequently. The ether is filtered off and 300 cc. are again added to the heart and treated in the same manner. The heart muscle is again treated with 300 cc. of ether, and again a third time, the ether in each instance being filtered and discarded. The heart muscle is now dried free from ether, and for each gram of muscle, 5 cc. of 95 per cent al...
Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR Infection in Seattle Families, 1966-1979

Incidence rates of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and information on reinfection and transmission within families were obtained by serologic study of serum samples from prospective family studies conducted 1966-1979. Specimens (n = 3671) from 343 subjects in 68 families were tested for TWAR antibody using the microimmunofluorescence assay. Acute infection was defined as a fourfold rise in antibody titer between consecutive specimens. Sixty-four episodes of infection were identified in 58 persons; 4 had 2 infections and 1 had 3. From late 1975 until early 1979, when 3 serum specimens were collected yearly, rates of infection by age groups 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and greater than or equal to 20 years were 0, 9.2, 6.2, 2.2, and 1.5/100 person-years, respectively. Reinfections, defined as infections in persons with previous antibody, constituted most acute infections among adults. Acute infections more often affected a single family member than multiple members, but 2 or 3 family members were infected during the same period 12 times.
A Mixed Integer Linear Programing Formulation for Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization

This paper proposes a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the unrestricted wind farm layout optimization problem. The formulation is achieved in part by changing the objective from power generation maximization to the maximization of the smallest penalized downstream distance between any pair of turbines, where downstream distance is defined as the distance between any pair of turbines with overlapping wake cones. The proposed formulation also linearizes other non-linear characteristics of the unrestricted layout optimization problem such as proximity constraints and wake-cone membership. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that an optimal solution to the proposed formulation is guaranteed to be globally optimal. This is in contrast to previous approaches with non-linear formulations that do not come with such guarantees.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Mediation in verbal paired-associate learning: the role of temporal factors

The results of two experiments with a paired associates three-stage mediation paradigm in which the strength of one segment of the mediation chain, length of test-list study and anticipation intervals were varied indicated that the length of the anticipation interval may be a crucial factor in determining whether mediation occurs.
Congenital Atresia of the Uterine Cervix and Vagina: Three Cases

The outcome of surgical intervention in three patients with congenital atresia of the cervix seen at our institution is reviewed. The results are compared with results in all cases reported in the literature. The embryologic mechanisms that are involved in lower Mullerian tract formation are discussed. In our opinion surgery to preserve fertility in these patients offers little chance of success at great risk and should not be attempted.
Schatzker III Tibia Plateau Fracture (with Bone Graft Substitute)

The patient is a 59-year-old female who slipped and fell on ice landing on her left lower extremity. The patient was evaluated in the emergency department, where she complained of isolated left knee pain. Her knee was moderately swollen without open wounds. The compartments of her lower extremity remained soft without evidence of compartment syndrome. Examination found her to be motor and sensory intact. Her past medical and surgical history is noncontributory.
Urinary diversion and undiversion in children.

The indications for urinary diversion have decreased in the past few years since other alternatives have developed. Long-term observation will show the non-refluxing colon conduit to be better than the ileal loop, although 15 years must pass to be certain of that.
Insulin Allergy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Objective: A case of insulin allergy to insulin aspart, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart 70/30, insulin lispro, and insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro 75/25 in a patient with type 2 dia...
Chronic Stress, Regulation of Emotion, and Functional Activity of the Brain

Stress has been conceptualized as a threat to physiological or psychological homeostasis. Reappraisal, suppression, and rumination are emotion regulation techniques utilized to alter the affective components of stress. Reappraisal consists of activation of prefrontal cortical areas that reduces cortical activity in limbic areas such as the amygdala. Suppression and rumination involve similar brain areas but have different patterns of activation. Pathological chronic stress, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is associated with disruptions in emotion regulation, particularly suppression and rumination. Although there are no significant disruptions in reappraisal in PTSD, brain activity during reappraisal differs compared to individuals without PTSD. These findings indicate that chronic stress is associated with emotion regulation functioning and its neural underpinnings.
CHAPTER 6 – RESOLUTION AND PROBLEM REDUCTION FORMAT

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the value of resolution variants as formats by linking the model elimination format to the extended problem reduction format. The problem reduction format is actually a collection of possible formats, varying in response to the problem domain or performance property sought. The chapter presents a problem reduction format in a traditional format along with its extension. The classical form is affirmation structured, goal-oriented, propositional in nature, informal in presentation, and incapable of handling all propositional arguments. The form of search presentation is tree-structured. The extension presented in the chapter provides a format for handling first-order formulas, makes precise a form of handling equality, and adds proof by contradiction and its ramifications. The extension includes the use of general contrapositives, a contradiction device, the use of the negation of the top goal as hypothesis, equality-handling rules including the interaction with proof of contradiction, and certain goal removal options. The most interesting goal removal option is still the classical higher goal rule that deletes a goal identical to an ancestor goal. The classical problem reduction format is closely related to the input resolution format. The most restrictive extension of input resolution to a complete procedure now known is the model elimination procedure and its equivalents. The model elimination procedure provides the structural properties needed for the extension, which provides a format adequate to represent the solution to any problem formulizable within first-order logic.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE MODERN WELFARE STATE

This chapter highlights the foundation of the modern welfare state. The structure of personal social services at the time the welfare state got underway reflected prevailing assumptions about the nature of poverty and the relationship of the individual to the state. The development of the social services reflected a growing awareness of the links between family life and other public goals. In many cases, this awareness had had a long history, for example, social work with housing. But other developments were more recent. In each of the programs, it was beginning to be assumed that the causes of obvious deviant behavior perhaps extended back into family life and that the way to abate the deviance in the program was to use social work services with the family to get at the causes.
Reverse Engineering Nature to Design Anatomic Articular Surfaces for Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants

Introduction: While kinematic abnormalities of contemporary TKA implants have been well established, a solution has not yet been achieved. We hypothesized that contemporary TKA implants are not compatible with normal soft-tissue function and normal knee motion. We propose a novel technique for reverse engineering advanced implant articular surfaces (biomimetic surface), by using accurate 3D kinematics of normal knees. This technique accounts for surgical placement of the implants, and allows design of tibial and femoral articular surfaces in conjunction. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to create 3D knee models of 40 normal subjects (24 male, 16 female, age 29.9 ± 9.7 years), and bi-planar fluoroscopy was used to capture 3D knee motion during a deep knee bend. These data were combined to create a 3D virtual representation of an average normal knee and its motion pathway. A TKA femoral component was mounted on the average knee, and moved through its normal kinematic pathway to carve out an articular surface from a tibial template (Fig. 1 and 2). The geometry of the resulting biomimetic tibia was compared to that of the native tibia, and a contemporary TKA tibial insert that uses the same femoral component. Results: The biomimetic tibia had a dished medial plateau and a convex lateral plateau similar to the native tibia, with anterior/posterior lips analogous to the native menisci (Fig. 3). The anterior/posterior lips were carved by the femoral component at its end points in extension and full flexion (Fig. 2). In contrast, while the medial geometry of the contemporary TKA tibia was similar to the biomimetic tibia, the lateral geometry was significantly different (Fig. 3). Anteriorly, the contemporary tibia was excessively proud. The resulting soft-tissue tightening would prevent anterior location of lateral femoral condyle in extension, and block screw home femoral rotation. Posteriorly, again the contemporary tibia was excessively proud. The resulting soft-tissue tightening would prevent posterior rollback of the lateral femoral condyle in flexion. Conclusion: The non-anatomic geometry of the contemporary TKA tibia, especially on the lateral side, conflicted with normal knee motion. In contrast, a biomimetic tibia reverse engineered directly from normal knee motion, had an anatomic geometry, with anterior/posterior lips similar to the native menisci. Such a biomimetic surface would allow normal soft tissue function and normal knee motion. The reverse engineering technique described herein enables for the first time, the direct use of in vivo knee kinematics to generate advanced implant articular surfaces.
Evaluation of new materials for electron and hole transport layers in perovskite-based solar cells through SCAPS-1D simulations

Conventional electron and hole transport materials for perovskites, such as TiO 2 and Spiro-OMeTAD, have been known to be susceptible to light induced degradation. Some studies have also suggested that the hysteresis effect observed in perovskite based devices could be correlated, in part, with light-induced defects at tio 2 /perovskite interface. In this study, several alternative electron and hole transport layers for planar solar cell devices based on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite were explored with SCAPS-1D simulations. Due to its tunable bandgap and high electron affinity, ZnOS has been shown as best replacement for TiO 2 . NiO and CsSnI 3 are good potential alternatives for Spiro-OMeTAD to address the stability issues.
Laser based power transmission: Component selection and laser hazard analysis

Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in creating highly efficient wireless energy transmission techniques for re-energizing remote power sources. Powering systems at a distance using lasers to either recharge batteries or run devices offers significant advantages. Using remote lasers can untether the user, unburden the individual from transporting extra batteries, as well as eliminate the down time associated with recall of critical assets for related battery swap-out and charging. In this paper, we focus on selecting a wavelength and power level that can be implemented with relative safety margins for transmission of electrical power at distances for energizing unmanned systems. We shall also discuss the planning, laser selection and testing, laser hazard analysis and the detector selection for a laser based power transfer system.