cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation Method for the Failure Rate of Transmission and Transformation Equipments

Failure rate of transmission and transformation equipments is very important ground data for asset management,especially for the maintenance of running equipments.In the past,bathtub curve is often used to calculate failure rate.But with the development of Condition Based Maintenance(CBM),the failure rate based on the equipment condition is focused on.This paper gave an exponential estimation model combined with the advantage of qualitative model and quantitative model.Two examples for equipment health index and equipment handicap are analyzed.The results show the exponential model is reasonable and would be a good reference for the practice.
Epidemiological Dynamics of Malaria in Huadu District, Guangzhou, 1995～2004

Objective To analyze the epidemic trends of malaria in the Huadu district and provide the foundation for establishing the strategy and methods of controlling malaria. Method The malaria cases from 1995 to 2004 had been analyzed in the aspects of epidemic trends and characteristics. Results The year average incidence of malaria in the district was 10.25/105. The incidence of the disease in male was higher than in female, with a sex ratio of 3.22∶1. The incidence of the disease was the highest in immigrant workers which was 59.28% of the total numbers of cases. The incidence of malaria in the district was continuously decreased every year and that of recent three years was reaching the lowest level in the history of the district. Conclusion The integrated control measures had been taken and was effectively controlled the spread of malaria in the district.
Clinical evaluation and treatment of immune-mediated inner ear disease

Immune-mediated inner ear disease, first described by McCabe in 1979, typically presents with an idiopathic, rapidly progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The course of the hearing loss occurs over weeks to months. It may occur in both sexes and at a variety of ages, but is most common in middle-aged females. It may be accompanied by tinnitus, Meniere's-like vertigo, or more commonly, ataxia or unsteadiness. Approximately 30% of patients will have associated systemic immune-mediated disease. Although refinements in laboratory tests for specific inner ear antigens are being made, and non-specific laboratory indicators of inflammatory or systemic immune disease may be useful in confirming the diagnosis, the most important diagnostic finding is the improvement in hearing seen with a trial of immunosuppressants. This report includes a typical evaluation of the patient with suspected immune-mediated inner ear disease and an illustrative case. Sensorineural hearing loss due to immune-mediated inner ear disease, although unusual as a cause of hearing loss, is important to recognize because early diagnosis and treatment can have a marked effect on the clinical outcome.
Roads Diverge — A Robert Frost View of Leukemia Development

Genomic studies have increased our understanding of the genetic basis for human cancers, including myeloid leukemias. In the past 5 years, our knowledge of the effect of key driver mutations has expanded and molecular genetic testing has become a mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis and risk stratification and a guide for postremission therapy.1 However, our understanding of the ways in which various combinations of mutations can cooperate to induce the development of leukemia remains incomplete. In this issue of the Journal, Papaemmanuil and colleagues2 provide practice-changing insights that redefine molecular classification of AML and elucidate a deeper understanding . . .
The revolution in risk assessment and disease detection made possible with non-invasive imaging: implications for population science

The ability to quantify subclinical disease to assess cardiovascular disease is greatly enhanced by modern medical imaging techniques that incorporate concepts from biomedical engineering and computer science. These techniques' numerical results, known as quantitative phenotypes, can be used to help us better understand both health and disease states. In this report, we describe our efforts in using the latest imaging technologies to assess cardiovascular disease risk by quantifying subclinical disease of participants in the Jackson Heart Study. The CT and MRI exams of the Jackson Heart Study have collected detailed information from approximately 3,000 participants. Analyses of the images from these exams provide information on several measures including the amount of plaque in the coronary arteries and the ability of the heart to pump blood. These measures can then be added to the wealth of information on JHS participants to understand how these conditions, as well as how clinical events, such as heart attacks and heart failure, occur in African Americans.
Montale as postmodernist

The article considers primarily Montale’s fourth book, Satura (1971), and interrogates the connections between the new direction of Montale’s poetry and the scientific and philosophical trends of the 1950s and 1960s. To describe Montale’s late work as postmodernist is to measure the self-conscious distancing of his poetics from the writing of the first three volumes: the poetic voice of Satura explores the dialectic relationship between modern and postmodern. The common postmodernist annulments – the end of ideology, the end of history, the end of authorial presence, the distinction between high and low culture – all play a role in Satura’s composition. The article includes a discussion of Cesare Vasoli’s Tra cultura e ideologia as an important source to explain Montale’s suspension of poetic output as a symptom of the political and philosophical disillusionment he experienced during the years of the reconstruction and the economic boom. Using the latter text as a guide, the article analyzes one of the mo...
Distress-Based Gastrointestinal Symptom Clusters and Impact on Symptom Interference and Quality of Life in Patients with a Hematologic Malignancy Receiving Chemotherapy.

Abstract Background/Significance People with cancer can experience co-occurring related symptoms, labeled symptom clusters. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common side effects of chemotherapy, but little research has investigated GI symptom clusters. A further gap in symptom cluster research is the lack of studies reporting symptom clusters based on symptom distress ratings. Purpose To identify distress-based GI symptom clusters and to investigate their relationship to symptom interference with daily life and quality of life (QoL). Subjects About 105 adults with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy. Methods On Day 1 of a cycle of chemotherapy, participants completed a modified version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale assessing 30 clinically relevant symptoms, the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Symptom Interference with Daily Life subscale, and the Fox Simple Quality of Life Scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify distress-based symptom clusters. Symptom clusters with ≥50% GI symptoms were labeled GI symptom clusters. Linear mixed modeling explored relationships between GI symptom clusters and symptom interference with daily life and QoL. Results Of the six distress-based symptom clusters found, the bloating cluster and appetite cluster were identified as GI symptom clusters. Both the bloating cluster and the appetite cluster were significantly related to symptom interference with daily life, but only the appetite cluster was significantly related to QoL. Conclusions This research demonstrates the existence of distress-based GI symptom clusters and their relationship to symptom interference and QoL. Future work should explore predictors of distress-based symptom clusters and interventions to manage them.
The Use of 3- and 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Patients With Elevated INR.

Background:PCC (Kcentra®) is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved 4-factor PCC used for the treatment of warfarin-related coagulopathy (WRC), but it has also been used off-label to treat ...
Quantum Chemical Analyses of BH4− and BH3OH− Hydride Transfers to CO2 in Aqueous Solution with Potentials of Mean Force

The front cover artwork is provided by the authors. The image shows two very different energy profiles for the same aqueous phase hydride transfer from a hydride donor (BH3OH−) to a CO2 molecule as modeled at 0 K and 300 K. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700608.
Evaluation of diatomaceous earth (insecto) and Bacillus thuringiensis formulations for insect control in stored peanuts

Runner variety peanuts treated with four rates of diatomaceous earth (28.4, 56.8, 85.2, and 113.6 g per 12.7 kg peanuts) and Virginia variety peanuts treated with four Bacillus thuringiensis formulations (Dipel, Foil, M-Trak and Trident) were held for 8 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia and infested with stored-product insect pests. No red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adults were found in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth until six months after treatment. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth ranged from 5.7 ± 1.9 to 32.8 ± 12.0 per kg, as compared to 221.2 red flour beetles per 12.7 kg peanuts in untreated controls. The effect of diatomaceous earth on red flour beetles was described by non-linear regression. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), populations were not abundant in untreated controls or the diatomaceous earth treatments. After 8 months, red flour beetle popu...
Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence Presenting with Free Air 60 Days after Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy

Introduction. The vast majority of patients presenting with pneumoperitoneum have visceral organ perforation and require urgent diagnostic laparoscopy. Nonsurgical causes are relatively rare and may be attributed to multiple etiologies. Case Presentation. Here we describe the case of a 38-year-old Caucasian female who presented to the emergency department with three days of cramping, epigastric abdominal pain. Her physical exam was notable for tenderness to palpation in the epigastric area and abdominal and chest X-rays showed free air under the diaphragm. Free air around the porta hepatis was verified on CT scan. Approximately 90% of pneumoperitoneum cases are due to perforation of visceral organs and therefore require operative management. An urgent exploratory laparoscopy revealed no clear source of free air, but postoperatively the patient developed a large volume of watery discharge from her vagina. Subsequent workup revealed a 1 cm vaginal cuff dehiscence which was later repaired with no postoperative complications. Conclusion. Although the majority of patients with pneumoperitoneum require urgent exploratory laparoscopy, a careful diagnostic workup may reveal sources of free air that are not related to hollow viscous perforation. Vaginal cuff dehiscence represents a rare yet nonurgent source of pneumoperitoneum. This differential should be considered in light of the possible intra- and postoperative complications of surgery.
Reciprocal Illumination and Fossils Provide Important Perspectives in Plant Evo-devo: Examples from Auxin in Seed-Free Plants

The plant hormone auxin plays an integral role in numerous aspects of plant development, from embryogeny through secondary growth, which has raised the question of whether changes in auxin signaling underlie major morphological changes in land plant evolution. However, the majority of available data on auxin action come from studies of angiosperms, and it is unclear to what extent these data can be applied to other plant lineages, particularly seed-free plants. Here we review the current state of knowledge on auxin and its role in seed-free plant development, with a focus on polar auxin transport, and illustrate the value of using reciprocal illumination approaches that integrate the fossil record for understanding the evolution of plant form and development. Our survey reveals that while there are some differences, particularly between lycophytes and euphyllophytes, the general patterns of polar auxin transport and auxin action appear to be shared among all tracheophytes. Based on these data, we provide insights and testable hypotheses on leaf and rooting system evolution among lycophytes, demonstrating the utility of anatomical fingerprints of development. However, we also find that numerous gaps in our understanding of the roles of auxin in seed-free plants remain that stymie further progress. Filling these gaps will require continuing incremental research on seed-free plant development, from anatomy to developmental genetics, but has broad potential for making significant contributions to our understanding of patterns and processes in plant evolution.
Show me what threatens you, and I can tell who you are: Perception of threat and the self

AbstractThis article proposes a methodical way to understand the self from the angle of psychologically meaningful threat. On the basis of systematic cross-cultural examination of threats to core self-motives, this comprises the notion of self as being most reliably described by instances in which a person shows a motivated response to information from the social environment. Building on accounts of cultural differences in self- construal, this approach allows insight into self-related processes, because motivated responses to self-threat should depend on how the self is defined in the social space. The research conducted from this approach has examined cultural differences to threats to freedom, belonging and consistency. For people with a collectivistic cultural background, as well as for those with a more interdependent self-construal within a given culture, responses to freedom, belonging and consistency threats were less intense, particularly when threats were directed at the individual sense of self...
A new view of embryo development and regeneration.

Among the major milestones in developmental biology are those that authoritatively describe how cells differentiate during development. Conklin ( 1 ) described the mosaic development of marine invertebrates (sea squirt), in which specific and recognizable cells of the dividing embryo consistently produce specific tissues of the larva and naturally pigmented myoplasm segregates to the muscle lineage of the larva, supporting the idea of localized cytoplasmic determinants that influence cell fate. Later, lineage tracer dyes were used to track the fates of different regions in amphibian embryos ( 2 ). More recently, careful observation produced the triumph of a complete cell lineage map of the nematode worm ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) embryo ( 3 ). On pages 980, 979, and 981 of this issue, Briggs et al. ( 4 ), Farrell et al. ( 5 ), and Wagner et al. ( 6 ), respectively, as well as Fincher et al. ( 7 ) and Plass et al. ( 8 ), mark another innovation: a description of gene expression in all of the cells of fish and frog embryos ( 4 – 6 ) and in the adult regenerating planarian (flatworm) ( 7 , 8 ). These papers describe the transcriptional information that forms the blueprints of development and regeneration in these organisms.
Definitions and Nondefinability in Geometry

Around 1900 some noted mathematicians published works developing geometry from its very beginning. They wanted to supplant approaches, based on Euclid's, which handled some basic concepts awkwardly...
On Fields of Inhibitory Influence in a Neural Network

The aim of the research reported here is to reach an understanding of the complex dynamic behavior of a real neural network in terms of a few simple basic principles. The network is the retina of the compound eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus. The basic principles are that fields of inhibitory influence surround points of excitation in the retina and that the ultimate response at any particular point is determined by the integration of the opposed excitatory and inhibitory influences at that point.
Nucleophilic Addition to Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

The reaction of carbon-based nucleophiles and carboxylic acid derivatives often presents a sophisticated problem in reaction chemoselectivity, especially when selective acylation of organometallics to form a ketone is required (equation 1). Historically, this transformation has been plagued by the formation of by-products due to subsequent nucleophilic addition to the desired product. A great deal of effort has been directed toward developing gentler techniques which avoid overaddition. Alternatively, the preparation of a ketone from a carboxylic acid equivalent often relies on a three-step approach, as shown in equation (2).
Fed-batch cultivation with CO2 and monoethanolamine: Influence on Chlorella fusca LEB 111 cultivation, carbon biofixation and biomolecules production

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between the periodic addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) and CO2 during the cultivation of Chlorella fusca LEB 111. For this purpose, MEA has been added in abiotic assays, followed by fed-batch cultures with that green alga and the absorbent. BG-11 medium shown a higher potential of CO2 absorption with MEA addition, and the bicarbonate was the chemical species of carbon prevailing in the chemical equilibrium. The periodic addition of MEA did not reduce the kinetics of growth, promoted a higher accumulation of DIC (81.4 mg L−1) in the medium and protein (44.0% w w−1) and lipid (30.8% w w−1) concentrations in the biomass of C. fusca LEB 111. Therefore, it was demonstrated that fed-batch culture with MEA increased CO2 fixation and the biomolecule synthesis as proteins and lipids.
Targeting Multiple Receptors to Increase Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a powerful treatment strategy for many cancer types. Many patients will have limited responses to monotherapy targeted to a single immune checkpoint. Both inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoints continue to be discovered. Additionally, many receptors previously identified to play a role in tumor formation and progression are being found to have immunomodulatory components. The success of immunotherapy depends on maximizing pro-anti-tumor immunity while minimizing immunosuppressive signaling. Combining immune checkpoint targeted approaches with each other or with other receptor targets is a promising schema for future therapeutic regimen designs.
Abstract 5247: Overexpression of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 like (MTHFD1L) in bladder cancer: A potential therapeutic target

Introduction: Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1L) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the folate cycle by catalyzing the reaction of formyl-tetrahydrofolate to format and tetrahydrofolate (THF). THF is crucial for de novo purine and thymidylate synthesis and is also involved in the regeneration of methionine. Cancer cells rely on purines derived from the de novo pathway for the nucleotides whereas normal cells favor the salvage pathway. Thus, MTHFD1L could be a valuable therapeutic target for anticancer drug design. This study aimed to examine MTHFD1L expression in bladder cancer (BLCA). Material and Methods: Applying the publicly available cancer transcriptome database UALCAN, we searched for overexpressed genes in bladder cancer associated with survival probability. These in silico analyses indicated a high expression of MTHFD1L in bladder cancer. Furthermore, MTHFD1L expression was analyzed in different molecular subtypes, stage and race groups. Survival probability in MTHFD1L low-and high-expressing tumors was also assessed using UALCAN. Additionally, by searching the publicly available data base Human Protein Atlas we analyzed MTHFD1L immunostaining patterns in bladder cancer. Results: We analyzed data for 19 normal bladder tissues and 408 primary bladder cancers from the TCGA dataset. MTHFD1L was significantly (p Conclusions: Our preliminary findings on MTHFD1L suggest that its overexpression is associated with poor patient survival in bladder cancer. These results suggest that MTHFD1L could be important in the biology of BLCA and a potential target for therapy. Future studies will investigate the functional significance of MTHFD1L and its regulation in bladder cancer. Citation Format: Marie-Lisa Eich, Maria D. Rodriguez Pena, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Jennifer B. Gordetsky, George J. Netto, Sooryanarayana Varambally. Overexpression of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 like (MTHFD1L) in bladder cancer: A potential therapeutic target [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5247.
Hypoalbuminemia in children with cancer treated with chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Hypoalbuminemia is a well-recognized finding associated with cancer, but its prevalence and prognostic significance have not been well studied in children with cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy in children with cancer and its association with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). DESIGN/METHOD We performed a single institution, IRB-approved, retrospective review of pediatric oncology patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. Five-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; groups were compared using Cox regression. RESULTS We identified 659 pediatric patients with a first diagnosis of cancer and a serum albumin level prior to starting chemotherapy. Mean age was 8.6 years (SD = 5.8); 62% were male and 92% were non-Hispanic. Hypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy was present at least once in 302 (45.8%). The five-year RFS and OS of those with hypoalbuminemia and without hypoalbuminemia were not significantly different. However, patients with severe hypoalbuminemia (defined as a value 10% or more below the lower limit of normal) had inferior RFS and OS for patients with hematologic/lymphatic malignancies, and inferior RFS for patients with metstatic Ewing sarcoma. CONCLUSION Hypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy in pediatric oncology patients is common (nearly half in this cohort). Severe hypoalbuminemia was associated with inferior 5-year RFS in some subgroups.
We Are All Students: The Moral Courage Project as a Model for Transdisciplinary Experiential Learning

This chapter details the experience of the faculty facilitators of the Moral Courage Project (MCP), an innovative experiential learning (EL) program in which students seek out stories of ordinary heroes at sites of human rights crisis in the United States. Thus far, student teams have traveled to Ferguson, Missouri and El Paso, Texas to conduct interviews and produce multimedia materials that include traveling exhibits, interactive websites and a podcast series. Fundamentally, the MCP challenges students to take seriously multiple non-traditional sources of knowledge production; faculty members are not the sole authorities in terms of expertise and information, and voices that are often marginalized in the U.S. become a source of power and authority. In this way the learning environment becomes fluid, power dynamics shift, and the education can become transformative. When the learning space opens like this, all participants can be vulnerable in ways that the classroom often inhibits. As this case study shows, experiential learning creates an opportunity for faculty and practitioners to be co-learners alongside students and for all to work together to apply that learning through action-oriented means.
Evaluating the timing of differences in activity related to depression symptoms across adulthood in the United States.

Abstract Background Relative activity deficits found in people with (verses without) depression symptoms/disorders may accumulate uniformly throughout the day, or they may tend to be expressed at specific times. Evidence for the latter would suggest times when behavioral approaches are most needed to reduce depression and its health consequences. Methods We performed a secondary-data analysis of participants who contributed valid accelerometer data at the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=4390). Participants were categorized according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 standard cut-point of ≥10 (i.e., people with versus without clinically significant depression symptoms). Average levels of accelerometer-measured activity in two-hour bins were the dependent variable in mixed models testing if the relationship between depression status and activity level differed by time of day; and if any such relations varied by age group (18–29 years, 30–44 years, 45–59 years, and 60+ years). Results In adults over the age of 30, people with depression symptoms had generally lower levels of activity across the day, but these effects were most markedly pronounced in the morning hours. We found no differences in activity levels associated with prevalent depression symptoms among people 18–30 years of age. Limitations Core aspects of depression pathophysiology that produce these different activity patterns and confer their effects on mood were not measured. Conclusions In adults 30 years and older, efforts to ameliorate relative activity deficits associated with depression may benefit from considering the apparently outsized role of inactivity that occurs in the morning.
A dry future for the Everglades favors invasive herpetofauna

The Greater Everglades Ecosystem is a globally important ecoregion, home to 68 threatened or endangered species and the largest designated wilderness area in the Eastern United States. Anthropogenic manipulations of the natural hydrology have led to widespread degradation of this ecosystem and monitored population declines across multiple taxa. Simultaneous introductions of hundreds of non-native species into South Florida and their subsequent invasion into the Everglades has further impacted native Everglades communities. Predictions for future climate change suggest that the Everglades is headed towards a drier future, making it crucial to understand how changes in hydrological regimes will impact both native and non-native fauna. Our study combines the results of a landscape-scale experimental manipulation conducted to assess the impact of differing hydrological regimes at the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment between 2018 and 2020 with a community composition analysis of data collected across multiple habitat types throughout Everglades National Park between 2000 and 2002. Both datasets used a variety of survey methods to extensively characterize the amphibian and reptile amphibian assemblage across habitat types and hydrological regimes. An NMDS analysis indicated that variation in hydrology is the primary axis structuring reptile and amphibian habitat usage across the Everglades, with non-native species more likely to be indicators of drier habitat types. This result concurred with those from the landscape-scale manipulation, in which non-native species were significantly favored by drier hydrological conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that a drier future within the Greater Everglades Ecosystem may facilitate further spread of South Florida’s diverse non-native amphibian and reptile assemblage.
Importance of Blood Pressure Variability for Stroke Prevention and Management: A Letter to the Editor

To the Editor: I read with great pleasure the article by Santos et al., titled, “Trends in Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Individuals With a History of Stroke and Hypertension, 2005 to 2016” that found uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in approximately 1 in 3 self-reported stroke survivors and increasing trends in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs).1 Lack of BP control, however, may be impacted by systolic blood pressure variability (BPV), an increasingly characterized independent predictor of stroke and end-outcomes.2,3 While it is known that acute post-stroke patients may exhibit cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, there is evidence to suggest BPV also plays a long-term, bi-directional role with stroke, both being a risk factor, independent of mean SBP, as well as a potential consequence.2 Furthermore, antihypertensive medications at this time have limited efficacy in reducing BP variability, with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) showing the most promising results.4 As a result, it is possible that consecutive BP readings may 1) inadequately represent a participant’s 24-hour mean BP, and 2) demonstrate wide variability across readings and thus skew a participant’s mean BP. Although there are no standardized guidelines for BPV measurement or classification, BPV is most often calculated as the standard deviation of multiple BP readings that are either consecutive (within visit or measurement-to-measurement variability) or across multiple visits (visit-to-visit variability). Additionally, variability can be pathological, physiological, or artificial. While we can assume that artificial variability (e.g. due to measurement technique) was minimized through quality assurance protocols, the use of all three BPs to derive a mean BP may introduce a ‘White Coat-like Effect’, the idea that initial readings are often elevated and thus should be disregarded in mean calculations.5 Furthermore, prevalence of comorbidities such as Type II diabetes and chronic kidney disease can also increase BPV and further impact prognosis of stroke survivors as per BPV.2,3 These comorbidities may have, in part, played a role in the increase in ACEi/ARB use. Whether these sources of BP variability would affect the conclusions of the study are difficult to ascertain. The study’s findings that those using CCBs had higher prevalence of uncontrolled BP suggest that BP variability may not be playing a major role. Nonetheless, measurement of BPV and BPV-based interpretation of mean BP may provide an additional opportunity for stroke prevention.
A Robust Deep Learning Workflow to Predict Multiphase Flow Behavior during Geological CO2 Sequestration Injection and Post-Injection Periods.

This paper contributes to the development and evaluation of a deep learning workflow that accurately and efficiently predicts the temporal-spatial evolution of pressure and CO2 plumes during injection and post-injection periods of geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) operations. Based on a Fourier Neuron Operator, the deep learning workflow takes input variables or features including rock properties, well operational controls and time steps, and predicts the state variables of pressure and CO2 saturation. To further improve the predictive fidelity, separate deep learning models are trained for CO2 injection and post-injection periods due the difference in primary driving force of fluid flow and transport during these two phases. We also explore different combinations of features to predict the state variables. We use a realistic example of CO2 injection and storage in a 3D heterogeneous saline aquifer, and apply the deep learning workflow that is trained from physics-based simulation data and emulate the physics process. Through this numerical experiment, we demonstrate that using two separate deep learning models to distinguish post-injection from injection period generates the most accurate prediction of pressure, and a single deep learning model of the whole GCS process including the cumulative injection volume of CO2 as a deep learning feature, leads to the most accurate prediction of CO2 saturation. For the post-injection period, it is key to use cumulative CO2 injection volume to inform the deep learning models about the total carbon storage when predicting either pressure or saturation. The deep learning workflow not only provides high predictive fidelity across temporal and spatial scales, but also offers a speedup of 250 times compared to full physics reservoir simulation, and thus will be a significant predictive tool for engineers to manage the long term process of GCS.
Design of biodegradable and biocompatible conjugated polymers for bioelectronics

The emerging field of bioelectronics leverages the optoelectronic properties of synthetic materials to interface with living systems. The convergence of modern electronics with biology has offered lifesaving medical treatments, with applications related to drug delivery, regenerative engineering, and continuous biosignal monitoring for healthcare on the horizon. This next generation of bioelectronic technologies requires an intimate biointerface, necessitating electroactive materials which are both mechanically and physiochemically compatible. Organic systems such as conjugated polymers offer an alternative design space for electroactive materials that are mechanically compatible (flexible, stretchable, conformal) and chemically tunable through various well-established synthetic methods and can therefore be tailored for integration with biological systems. Currently, conjugated polymers utilized for bioelectronic applications consist of prominent high-performing materials emerging from adjacent organic electronic communities with slight chemical modifications, and are therefore generally not well-suited for the entire lifecycle of a biomaterial. While early investigations have demonstrated the potential of such conjugated polymers as semiconductors and conductors in vivo, their limited biodegradability and long-term biocompatibility have slowed widespread adoption and clinical translation. To aid in the development of the next generation of bioelectronic materials, this review details various synthetic strategies to endow a conjugated material with degradability and biocompatibility. Prominent examples of conjugated materials are used to illustrate design principles, current limitations, and future directions towards such electroactive materials. The main factors that need to be considered for the rational design of biodegradable and biocompatible conjugated polymers for bioelectronic applications are highlighted, with future directions emphasized.
Demystifying COVID-19 publications: institutions, journals, concepts, and topics.

Objective: We analyzed the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to understand leading research institutions, collaborations among institutions, major publication venues, key research concepts, and topics covered by pandemic-related research. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of authors’ institutions and relationships, automatic content extraction of key words and phrases from titles and abstracts, and topic modeling and evolution. Data visualization techniques were applied to present the results of the analysis. Results: We found that leading research institutions on COVID-19 included the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the US National Institutes of Health, and the University of California. Research studies mostly involved collaboration among different institutions at national and international levels. In addition to bioRxiv, major publication venues included journals such as The BMJ , PLOS One , Journal of Virology , and The Lancet . Key research concepts included the coronavirus, acute respiratory impairments, health care, and social distancing. The ten most popular topics were identified through topic modeling and included human metapneumovirus and livestock, clinical outcomes of severe patients, and risk factors for higher mortality rate. Conclusion: Data analytics is a powerful approach for quickly processing and understanding large-scale datasets like CORD-19. This approach could help medical librarians, researchers, and the public understand important characteristics of COVID-19 research and could be applied to the analysis of other large datasets.
The Interaction between Turbulent and Radiative Transport in the Development of Fog and Low-Level Stratus

Abstract A Turbulent-radiative description of the low-level atmosphere incorporating stratus cloud and fog is developed based on the methodology of second-order closure. Existence criteria for surface layer fog are developed on the basis of the turbulent description. Illustrative application is made to the formation and structure of several fog and cloud episodes including advective-radiative fog, subsidence-capped stratus over the ocean, and surface fog resulting from the nocturnal lowering of stratus.
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

The Reproductive Endocrinology Division at the University of Iowa consists of five physicians, one physician assistant and two fellows in training. We also recently partnered with Dr. Paul Figge in the Quad Cities to perform outreach to patients in that area. From the clinical side, we remain quite active with both medical and surgical treatment of the full gamut of reproductive endocrinology and infertility conditions. We have a very active and highly successful IVF Program and one of our major emphases is on single embryo transfer leading to improved safety for IVF treatments. Two other clinical initiatives are a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology clinic run by Dr. Ryan and a new emphasis on fertility preservation which is being led by Dr. Barbara Stegmann.
Cost-effectiveness of 10-Year Risk Thresholds for Initiation of Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Importance The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) cholesterol treatment guidelines have wide-scale implications for treating adults without history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with statins. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of various 10-year ASCVD risk thresholds that could be used in the ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guidelines. Design, Setting, and Participants Microsimulation model, including lifetime time horizon, US societal perspective, 3% discount rate for costs, and health outcomes. In the model, hypothetical individuals from a representative US population aged 40 to 75 years received statin treatment, experienced ASCVD events, and died from ASCVD-related or non-ASCVD–related causes based on ASCVD natural history and statin treatment parameters. Data sources for model parameters included National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, large clinical trials and meta-analyses for statin benefits and treatment, and other published sources. Main Outcomes and Measures Estimated ASCVD events prevented and incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Results In the base-case scenario, the current ASCVD threshold of 7.5% or higher, which was estimated to be associated with 48% of adults treated with statins, had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $37 000/QALY compared with a 10% or higher threshold. More lenient ASCVD thresholds of 4.0% or higher (61% of adults treated) and 3.0% or higher (67% of adults treated) had ICERs of $81 000/QALY and $140 000/QALY, respectively. Shifting from a 7.5% or higher ASCVD risk threshold to a 3.0% or higher ASCVD risk threshold was estimated to be associated with an additional 161 560 cardiovascular disease events averted. Cost-effectiveness results were sensitive to changes in the disutility associated with taking a pill daily, statin price, and the risk of statin-induced diabetes. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there was a higher than 93% chance that the optimal ASCVD threshold was 5.0% or lower using a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100 000/QALY. Conclusions and Relevance In this microsimulation model of US adults aged 45 to 75 years, the current 10-year ASCVD risk threshold (≥7.5% risk threshold) used in the ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guidelines has an acceptable cost-effectiveness profile (ICER, $37 000/QALY), but more lenient ASCVD thresholds would be optimal using cost-effectiveness thresholds of $100 000/QALY (≥4.0% risk threshold) or $150 000/QALY (≥3.0% risk threshold). The optimal ASCVD threshold was sensitive to patient preferences for taking a pill daily, changes to statin price, and the risk of statin-induced diabetes.
Reproducibility in plasma polymerized methane films as determined by contact electrification measurements

The problem of charge variability has been resolved for plasma polymer films on silicon substrates using the contact-separation technique. Charge measurements demonstrated that variability in contact charging on samples deposited simultaneously is much lower than previously reported. The progress in this area is believed to be due to the fact that the films are uniform in thickness and are deposited on smooth substrates with controlled and reproducible deposition conditions. The effect of postdeposition ambient on the stability of film properties was also studied by monitoring the electrical properties over time with the contact-separation measurement. A postdeposition oxygen soak was found to minimize the changes in electrical parameters. >
AMYLASE ELEVATION ATTRIBUTABLE TO AN OVARIAN NEOPLASM

Abstract An ovarian carcinoma producing amylase-rich ascites and pleural effusions is reported; salivary type amylase was identified in tumor tissue. A variety of nonpancreatic diseases and tumors of lung, parotid, ovary, and other organs have been associated with elevated amylase in serum or body fluids. Amylase isoenzyme electrophoresis is of value in differentiating pancreatic from nonpancreatic sources of increased amylase.
Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Methylmalonic Acid in Urine and Serum

We describe a gas-chromatographic procedure for determining methylmalonic acid in serum and urine. The sample is acidified and the compound is extracted from it with diethyl ether, derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, and gas chromatographed. Precision and sensitivity of the method were verified by recovery studies and by comparing the results with those for an established procedure in which ion-exchange column chromatography and colorimetry are used. We analyzed biological fluids from normal individuals and from a patient with methylmalonic aciduria to show that the procedure can be applied to diagnosis of disorders that result in abnormally large amounts of methylmalonic acid in urine and serum.
A high-resolution detection system for short-lived gaseous activities

Abstract A fast gas-sweeping system has been developed which enables activities to be transported up to 5 m from the target position in 50–100 ms. It has been used along with a cooled semiconductor-counter telescope to obtain delayed-proton spectra in which the energy resolution was limited to 45 keV by kinematic effects. The remote counting location also permits use of a Ge(Li) detector without fear of radiation damage. Several different high-yield target configurations are described, including a sulfur target that is useful for prolonged high-intensity bombardments.
The recovery of postural reflexes and locomotion following low thoracic hemisection in adult cats involves compensation by undamaged primary afferent pathways

Spinal hemisection in the adult cat results in motor impairments followed by substantial recovery of function (16, 20, 39, 53). The present study was undertaken to assess the contribution of undamaged ipsilateral segmental and contralateral descending systems to recovery of motor function. Quantitative behavioral methods were used to examine monopedal reflex and bipedal locomotor functions after thoracic hemisection. Different facets of motor behavior recover at different times. The recovery of monopedal postural reflexes precedes the recovery of more complex motor behavior. Since the reflexes tested are initiated by segmental afferent input and show recovery and normal motor patterns during locomotion, as defined by kinematic analysis show recovery, it is likely that dorsal root input compensates for the loss of descending input to one side of the spinal cord. Quantitative immunocytochemical methods for visualizing the central projections of dorsal root fibers (monoclonal antibody RAT-102; 49) and the descending serotoninergic pathway were used to examine the response of these pathways to hemisection. Hemisection results in a permanent decrease in the density of serotoninergic projections and a permanent increase in dorsal root projections in the spinal cord. The increased density of RAT-102 may represent an increase in the projection of dorsal root fibers and provide the increased input necessary to mediate enhanced reflex control. A transient increase in GAP-43 in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the hemisection suggests that the increased density of RAT-102 immunoreactivity is associated with growth. Taken together, our results suggest that sprouting of primary afferents within the spinal cord is one mechanism underlying the recovery of function after hemisection.
Modeling drug dependence behaviors for animal and human studies.

Laboratory models are available to study drug reinforcement in animals and humans, but few are available to study other drug dependence phenomena, e.g., difficulty stopping or use despite harm. The present paper is a first attempt to illustrate the feasibility of developing such models for use in both nonhuman and human research and discusses their possible utility in research to understand and treat stimulant and other drug dependencies.
An analytical model of hanging-wall and footwall deformation at ramps on normal and thrust faults

Abstract We determine stress, strain and structural evolution for an analytical model of moderate angle (10–20 °) ramps developed on both normal faults (normal ramps) and thrust faults (thrust ramps). In the model, a frictionless sliding surface with ramp configuration separates two incompressible, isotropic, viscous half-spaces of different viscosity (η—hanging wall and η′—footwall). Ramps are planar, but ramp-flat corners are locally rounded. Deformation is due solely to translation across the ramp, and regional extension or shortening is ignored. Sliding down a normal ramp causes vertical extension and horizontal shortening in both the hanging wall and the footwall. This conforms with reverse faults seen in experimental models of normal ramps. The stress in the footwall has the same magnitude as that in the hanging wall but the footwall strain rate is reduced in magnitude by the ratio η/η′. Both a hanging-wall syncline and a footwall anticline form. The normal ramp migrates in front of the rising footwall at a rate V ss = V [ η /( η + η ′)], where V is the sliding velocity. But the ramp does not change shape. The continuous ramp motion in the model may correspond to the creation of an extensional duplex or chaos zone in brittle rocks. At a normal ramp, mean compressive stress is lowered and deviatoric stress is raised, favoring local faulting and fracture. Sliding up a thrust ramp causes stresses, strain rates and strains of the opposite sign. Horizontal extension and vertical shortening in both walls is consistent with normal faulting. Both a hanging-wall anticline and a footwall syncline form passively. Although the deviatoric stress is raised at the ramp, so is the mean compressive stress, inhibiting fracturing. However, the mean compressive stress is lowered on the adjacent flats, favoring fracturing there.
The resolution of lattice planes and lattice defects in semiconductors including observations on boundaries

Abstract A Philips EM300 electron microscope has been employed in conjunction with the tilted illumination 2-beam technique to image the {111} atomic planes in silicon and germanium of 3.14 A and 3.27 A spacing, respectively. Slices cut from single crystals and chemically thinned were used. Dislocations of edge-type in a low angle boundary have been imaged in germanium and a correlation observed between diffraction contrast and the lattice strain around a dislocation. The strain around a single edge-type dislocation in germanium is observed to be relatively long range, whereas that around a pair of positive and negative dislocations or adjoining a wall of dislocations is found to be relatively short range extending only a few angstroms. The lattice rotation at a dislocation type boundary is found to be in fair agreement with that calculated from the net edge component deduced by making a Burgers circuit around the wall. Fringes of 2.13 A measured spacing have been resolved at particles of unknown nature in boron doped silicon, which are taken to be lattice planes. It is suggested that these are the {200} planes (d = 2.17 A ) of β-SiC.