cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EPR Line Shifts and Line Shape Changes Due to Spin Exchange of Nitroxide Free Radicals in Liquids

An expression for the EPR line shape of a nitroxide free radical undergoing spin exchange in the slow exchange limit is derived and tested experimentally and against a rigorous theory. The line shape is the sum of the absorption and dispersion of Lorentzian lines, in which the dispersion component is of opposite signs for the outer lines and zero for the inner. The relative amplitude of the absorption and the dispersion is shown to be a linear function of the spin exchange frequency. Nonlinear least-squares fitting of the spectra allows the separation of the absorption and dispersion components determining their relative amplitudes to high precision yielding values of the spin exchange frequency that are of precision comparable to those derived from the more traditional line broadening. This new way to measure spin exchange frequencies is attractive because there are no complications from dipolar interactions and no measurements at low concentrations are required. The resonance fields of the absorption co...
The West Nile virus mutant spectrum is host-dependant and a determinant of mortality in mice

To define the impact of mosquitoes and birds on intrahost WNV population dynamics, the mutant spectra that arose as a result of 20 serial in vivo passages in Culex pipiens and young chickens were examined. Genetically homogeneous WNV was serially passaged 20 times in each host. Genetic diversity was greater in mosquito-passaged WNV compared to chicken-passaged WNV. Changes in the viral consensus sequence occurred in WNV passaged in mosquitoes earlier and more frequently than in chicken-passaged WNV. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous variation suggested that purifying selection was relaxed during passage in mosquitoes. Mortality in mice was significantly negatively correlated with the size of the WNV mutant spectrum. These studies suggest that mosquitoes serve as sources for WNV genetic diversity, that birds are selective sieves, and that both the consensus sequence and the mutant spectrum contribute to WNV phenotype.
Welding and patterning in a flash

Light-absorbing materials can exhibit exceptional photothermal effects as their characteristic dimensions approach the nanoscale. A flash welding technique that exploits the peculiar photothermal response of polyaniline nanofibres opens new avenues for processing and patterning polymer-based materials and devices.
Immunodetectable cytochromes P450 I, II, and III in guinea pig adrenal--hormone responsiveness and relationship to capacity for xenobiotic metabolism.

Cytochrome P450s, proteins involved in metabolism of sterols, steroids, and a variety of foreign compounds, have been grouped into families based on amino acid sequence. We have identified a microsomal cytochrome P450 in guinea pig adrenal immunochemically related to P450c,d (P450I), induced in rat liver by methylcholanthrene. The inner zone localization, male predominance, and suppression by ACTH of this protein correspond to the ability of the adrenal microsomes to metabolize ethylmorphine. Its immunoreactivity, localization, and regulation distinguish it from P45017α (P450XVII) and P45021 (P450XXI), known microsomal steroid hydroxylases. To examine whether other cytochrome P450s homologous to those in liver might be present in the guinea pig adrenal, microsomes were reacted with antibodies to hepatic P450s from families II and III. Each probe detected proteins in microsomes, but not in mitochondria, which were in the lower mol wt range of cytochrome P450s (47-50K). The immunoreactivity of all was dimin...
Metals evaluation in coastal wetlands receiving treated wastewater

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the investigation of distribution of metals in water and sediment samples of Poydras‐Verret wetland, an area that has received approximately 40 years input of secondarily treated municipal effluent.Design/methodology/approach – Water and sediment samples were analyzed for metals for a period of 18 months. These metals were also monitored for the secondarily treated effluent, and at a reference/control wetland that does not receive wastewater. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman‐Keuls post‐hoc ANOVA analysis were conducted to evaluate the pattern of metal distribution within the Poygras‐Verret wetland and compare results to the reference wetland. Heavy metal criteria established by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and State of Louisiana were also used to assess the potential chronic and acute health impacts of heavy metals in the Poydras‐Verret wetland.Findings – Concentrations of metals of the Poydras‐Verret wetland water ...
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum: effects of infection on induction of tryptophan oxygenase in mouse livers.

Abstract Neither l -tryptophan oxygenase nor d -tryptophan oxygenase activities could be detected in adult Schistosoma japonicum . 1. 2. The mean l -tryptophan oxygenase activity in livers from female mice after a 6 week S. japonicum or an 8 week S. mansoni infection were only 45% and 61% respectively of normal liver l -tryptophan oxygenase activity. 2. 3. Induction of l -tryptophan oxygenase enzyme protein synthesis by hydrocortisone 21-phosphate is nearly twice as great in female mouse livers after an 8 week S. mansoni infection as in a 6 week S. japonicum infection.
Comparison and cost-benefit analysis of PIT tag antennae resighting and seine-net recapture techniques for survival analysis of an estuarine-dependent fish

Abstract Studies of fish ecology are enhanced by precise and accurate knowledge of survival, which can be estimated from capture-recapture/resighting based survival probabilities. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of resighting by an array of 11 autonomous PIT tag antennae and recapture by seine netting, and compared the effectiveness of the two methods for recapturing/resighting marked fish in an estuarine environment. During three separate marking periods, we marked a total of 2109 fish with PIT tags, recapturing 106 by seine (5.0%) and resighting 1700 by antennae (80.6%). Antennae resulted in precise monthly survival estimates while seine netting did not, but antennae did not collect ancillary data (e.g., growth) and their use was limited to areas where fish used constricted passes
Chemical air mass systems in Alaska

Abstract Alaska is affected by two highly contrasting air mass types: a maritime northern Pacific system lying to the south, and an Arctic strongly polar air mass system to the north. These tropospheric air mass systems are large, semi-global in scope and this paper shows that the two systems have a very different aerosol chemistry. We use this concept to introduce the idea of large-scale chemical air mass systems, imagined to be ponds of air roughly the size of continents, forming a patchwork on the globe, and changing ‘pattern’ once or twice a month. When Pacific air lies over central Alaska by virtue of the Polar Front being displaced poleward, and when strong atmospheric flow occurs, a ‘marine’ air chemistry is predominant, characterized by enrichments in Cl, Se and Zn. On the other hand, cold outbursts of Arctic-derived air bring with them surprisingly large concentrations of pollution-derived elements from industrial regions in Eurasia, characterized by enriched Cr, NCMn, As, Se and Br. The chemistry of aerosols collected in summer has yet a different characteristic pattern, consisting to a large extent of elements found in a mineral aerosol, such as Al, Sm and La. This signature is sometimes similar to that found during winter when meteorological conditions are quiescent. This is interpreted to mean that there is a natural aerosol, of local origin, which controls the air chemistry in winter when no strong flow occurs, and in summer because aerosols that would otherwise be carried into Alaska from long distances are removed by the persistent clouds. When strong air flow occurs in winter, however, the chemical signatures from distant sources come into dominance.
Transient left ventricular apical ballooning: a novel heart syndrome

A novel cardiac syndrome of left ventricular apical ballooning (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy-ampulla cardiomyopathy) involves reversible left ventricular apical ballooning (during systole) of acute onset with chest pain, electrocardiographic changes, and minimal elevation of cardiac enzymes resembling acute myocardial infarction, but without evidence of myocardial ischemia or injury. Patients have no angiographic evidence of coronary artery stenosis and there is almost always a complete recovery of left ventricular function in days to weeks. The precise etiologic basic of this syndrome is not clear but most likely it is a non-ischemic, metabolic syndrome caused by stress-induced activation of the cardiac adrenoceptors in absence of ischemia and reperfusion. Reported here is a case of stress-induced transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome in a young woman.
Multistatistics metric evaluation of ocean general circulation model sea surface temperature: Application to 0.08° Pacific Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulations

[1] This study is a multimetric statistical evaluation of interannual and climatological mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the Pacific Ocean (north of 20°S) simulated by an ocean model. The evaluation procedure is outlined using daily and monthly SSTs from eddy-resolving (0.08°) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Satellite-based products and buoy measurements are used for model-data comparisons. Three are three principal findings. (1) Using monthly mean climatological atmospheric forcing with the addition of a 6-hourly wind component can yield realistic simulations of monthly mean climatological SST in comparison with observations and interannually forced simulations. (2) Nondimensional skill score can be a very useful metric for validating SST from an ocean model in a large region, such as the Pacific Ocean, where the amplitude of the SST seasonal cycle has large spatial variations. The use of skill score is extensively discussed along with its advantages over other traditional metrics. Interannual model-data comparisons (1993–2003) using satellite-based SST give basin-averaged yearly mean skill score values ranging from 0.35 to 0.58 for HYCOM. (3) A comparison of HYCOM to 804 yearlong daily buoy SST time series spanning 1990–2003 gives a median root mean square value of 0.83°C. Relatively small SST biases and high skill values are essential prerequisites for SST assimilation using an ocean model as a first guess and for SST forecasting. The validation procedures presented in this paper include a variety of statistical metrics and use a comprehensive observational buoy data set. Such procedures can be applied to any global- or basin-scale ocean general circulation model that predicts SST.
Yeast Nej1 Is a Key Participant in the Initial End Binding and Final Ligation Steps of Nonhomologous End Joining

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the key components of the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are yeast Ku (yKu), Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2, Dnl4-Lif1, and Nej1. Here, we examined the role of Nej1 in NHEJ by a combination of molecular genetic and biochemical approaches. As expected, the recruitment of Nej1 to in vivo DSBs is dependent upon yKu. Surprisingly, Nej1 is required for the stable binding of yKu to in vivo DSBs, in addition to Dnl4-Lif1. Thus, Nej1 and Dnl4-Lif1 are independently recruited by yKu to in vivo DSBs, forming a stable ternary complex that channels DSBs into the NHEJ pathway. In accord with these results, purified Nej1 interacts with yKu and preferentially binds to DNA ends bound by yKu. Furthermore, the binding of a mixture of Nej1 and Dnl4-Lif1 to DNA ends bound by yKu is greater than the sum of the binding of the individual proteins, indicating that pairwise interactions among yKu, Nej1, and Dnl4-Lif1 contribute to complex assembly at DNA ends. Nej1 stimulates intermolecular ligation by Dnl4-Lif1, but, more interestingly, the addition of Nej1 results in more than one intermolecular ligation per Dnl4 molecule. Thus, Nej1 not only plays an important role in determining repair pathway choice by participating in the initial NHEJ complex formed at DSBs but also contributes to the reactivation of Dnl4-Lif1 after repair is complete, thereby increasing the capacity of the NHEJ repair pathway.
Instrumentation for load rating of bridges

A large percentage of the nation's bridges are classified as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. Many bridges are classified as such due to the bridge's load rating. However, the vast majority of bridges are not actually tested to determine their load capacity. In general, actually testing a structure to determine the load rating is time consuming and expensive. As a result only a low number of bridges can be tested. A main time consuming portion of the load test is the setup of conventional instrumentation to monitor the status of the bridge under test. Typically strain gages and LVDT (or similar) deflection transducers are used. Instrumentation which would allow rapid load testing of bridges is currently being developed and tested at the Federal Highway Administration. This instrumentation includes wireless data acquisition systems interfaced with clamp-on strain gages, which can be placed at a measurement location in a matter of minutes. Also, the instrumentation includes a remote laser- based deflection measurement system. The combination of the two types of instrumentation, wireless data acquisition and laser-based deflection measurements, has the potential to allow a greater number of structures to be load rated giving a more accurate picture of the health of the nation's bridges.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Contains a Novel C-terminal VFVNFA Motif That Is Required for Its Cholesterol Efflux and ApoA-I Binding Activities

The stimulation of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux by apolipoprotein A-I is mediated by the activity of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Individuals with Tangier disease harbor loss-of-function mutations in this transporter that have proven useful in illuminating its activity. Here, we analyze a mutation that deletes the last 46 residues of the 2261 amino acid transporter (Δ46) and eliminates its lipid efflux. As the final four amino acids of the C terminus represent a putative PDZ-binding motif, we initially characterized deletion mutants lacking only these residues. Although a moderate decline in lipid efflux was detected, this decline was not as profound as that seen in the Δ46 mutant. Subsequent systematic analysis of the ABCA1 C terminus revealed a novel, highly conserved motif (VFVNFA) that was required for lipid efflux. Alteration of this motif, which is present in some but not all members of the ABCA family, did not prevent trafficking of the transporter to the plasma membrane but did eliminate its binding of apoA-I. Chimeric transporters, generated by substituting the C termini of either ABCA4 or ABCA7 for the endogenous terminus, demonstrated that ABCA1 could stimulate cholesterol efflux without its PDZ-binding motif but not without the VFVNFA motif. When a peptide containing the VFVNFA sequence was introduced into ABCA1-expressing cells, ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux was also markedly inhibited. These results indicate that the C-terminal VFVNFA motif of ABCA1 is essential for its lipid efflux activity. The data also suggest that this motif participates in novel protein-protein interactions that may be shared among members of the ABCA family.
AN ARTIFACT IN THE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF RADIOIODIDE.

Various preparations of Oak Ridge radioiodide were diluted with glass-distilled water and applied to filter paper strips for chromatography. Spontaneous drying of the applied samples for 10–20 min before the papers were placed in the chromatography jar resulted in variable, and sometimes very marked (up to 70%), transformation of the radioiodide. At least 3 different non-iodide components were formed. These changes were largely prevented by drying in a nitrogen atmosphere, and were completely inhibited by 3 ×l0-4 M methimazole. An oxidative mechanism is therefore suggested. Addition of 3×l0-4 M carrier iodide also greatly reduced the chemical changes occurring on drying. This, coupled with the variability of the effect, suggests that a trace component of the atmosphere, whose concentration varied from day to day, was involved in the reaction. These findings raise the possibility that other labile compounds, in addition to iodide, may also undergo oxidative changes when very dilute solutions are dried on f...
Nonexponential relaxation in liquid acetonitrile

The spin-lattice relaxation of the protons in a 1:6 liquid solution of CH3CN in CD3CN has been measured by the pulse technique at temperatures between 25 and −46°C. The relaxation appears exponential from 25°C down to approximately 0°C and becomes increasingly nonexponential from 0°C down to −46°C. The non-exponential relaxation provides experimental evidence for the existence in liquids of the effects of cross-correlations due to intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions.
Discussion: ‘Factors influencing oral contraceptive effectiveness’ by Dinger et al

This article offers a look at clinicians discussing a study "Oral contraceptive effectiveness according to body mass index weight age and other factors" by Dinger et al. It includes clinicians responses to the methodology relevance to practice and implications for future research regarding the study.
[Cu-64]-DOTA-Herceptin: Radiosynthesis and initial evaluation in vivo.

H.S. Thomsen and J.A.W. Webb, eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2009, 254 pages, $149 This second edition of Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines provides new and updated information on the contrast-related safety issues that a radiologist can encounter in daily practice.
Shoring up the humanities

o o d af ternoon. It's a real pleasure to be h e r e h e s p e c i a l l y since I see so any old fr iends in the audience and, I hope , new ones. Thank you for honor ing me with the invitation to speak to you. I first learned of the good work of the NAS over breakfast. Between sips of coffee my eye caught a newspaper article abou t a g roup of professors who had fo rmed a new scholarly organization. Thei r mission s ta tement spoke of "rational discourse as the founda t ion of academic life in a free and democra t ic society," and p r o m o t e d an " informed unders t and ing of the Western intellectual heritage." Wow, I thought , who are these revolutionaries and how can I f ind them? What impressed me most abou t NAS m e m b e r s was no t their scholarly distinction, which was considerable, nor their courage to chal lenge the status quo, bu t their call for true diversity: for many voices all engaged in free and rational discussion, for an open marketp lace of ideas, some new and promising, some old and proven. At the cen te r o f this enterpr ise was Steve Balch, a scholar who has devoted much of his life to the NAS and labored tirelessly toward its success. Many o f you here today worked alongside him; to you I offer congratulat ions and sincere thanks. You have made an e n o r m o u s and courageous cont r ibu t ion to h igher educat ion in our country. From what I read, the New York Times and the Chronicle of Higher Education often call Steve and NAS executive di rector Brad Wilson to ask them to weigh in on this scholarly event or that academic controversy. I've jokingly told Steve that he and the NAS have b e c o m e par t o f The Establishment. He never laughs.
Normality testing: two new tests using L-moments

Establishing that there is no compelling evidence that some population is not normally distributed is fundamental to many statistical inferences, and numerous approaches to testing the null hypothesis of normality have been proposed. Fundamentally, the power of a test depends on which specific deviation from normality may be presented in a distribution. Knowledge of the potential nature of deviation from normality should reasonably guide the researcher's selection of testing for non-normality. In most settings, little is known aside from the data available for analysis, so that selection of a test based on general applicability is typically necessary. This research proposes and reports the power of two new tests of normality. One of the new tests is a version of the R-test that uses the L-moments, respectively, L-skewness and L-kurtosis and the other test is based on normalizing transformations of L-skewness and L-kurtosis. Both tests have high power relative to alternatives. The test based on normalized ...
American Governmentality Michel Foucault and Public Administration

The governing that now pervades the developed world is so omnipresent that it seems virtually natural. Administration—specific forms of rationality, authority, and participation—was, nonetheless, a development. French philosopher Michel Foucault argued that this development could be understood as governmentality”—a new arrangement among sovereignty, discipline, and government that made the art of governing both thinkable and practicable. This article explores the utility of French philosopher Michel Foucault's approach within the field of public administration. Reinvestigating the works of Woodrow Wilson, Frederick Winslow Taylor, and Mary Parker Follett, we demonstrate that their approaches can be interpreted as establishing the basic contours of American governmentality.
Red Media, Blue Media, and Purple Media: News Repertoires in the Colorful Media Landscape

This study extends past research on news repertoires by examining how individuals combine news exposure across an array of media platforms and content. Results from a national survey reveal 6 distinct news repertoires. While some respondents have clear ideologically driven repertoires, others have repertoires that are best described as medium-centric. A closer look at socio-demographic factors and participation levels among the 6 news repertoires are also explored. Results shed light on the democratic implications of the high-choice media landscape and research on news exposure and effects.
Molecular Determinants of Substrate Specificity in Type VII Secretion Systems

Type VII protein secretion (T7S) systems are found among numerous bacterial species, and have been implicated in a wide range of functions including growth, nutrient uptake, and virulence. The pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis disease, contains five T7S systems, termed ESX-1 through ESX-5. Importantly, virulence is entirely dependent on ESX-1; while another system, ESX-3, is essential for growth and viability. While every T7S system contains a translocase, EccC, and a heterodimeric substrate, EsxAB, individual knockouts of proteins within a specific system in M. tuberculosis are not compensated for by the remaining four paralogs in vivo. Thus, at least some substrates, including EsxA and EsxB, are specific to individual ESX systems. How substrates are selected by T7S systems, and how these substrates are distinguished by different T7S systems within a single organism, is currently unknown and could be important for drug and vaccine development. We investigated the question of substrate selectivity using biochemical and genetic techniques. Importantly, we solved the first crystal structure of the EsxAB heterodimer that includes two regions important for substrate binding, including a hitherto-unseen C-terminal helix on EsxB. We further identified several residues that are absolutely necessary for binding of substrate to EccC, and have determined that seven of them together encode the information required for specificity.
Brief family treatment intervention to promote aftercare among male substance abusing patients in inpatient detoxification: A quasi-experimental pilot study.

Abstract We developed a brief family treatment (BFT) intervention for substance abusing patients in inpatient detoxification to promote aftercare treatment post-detox. BFT consisted of meeting with the patient and a family member (spouse or parent) with whom the patient lived to review and recommend potential aftercare plans for the patient. A phone conference was used when logistics prevented an in-person family meeting. Results indicated that male substance abusing patients who received BFT ( N = 14), as compared with a matched treatment as usual (TAU) comparison group ( N = 14) that did not, showed a trend toward being more likely to enter an aftercare program and to attend more days of aftercare in the 3 months after detoxification. The magnitude of these differences favoring BFT over TAU was midway between a medium and a large effect size. Days using alcohol or drugs in the 3 months after detox were lower for treatment-exposed BFT patients who had an in-person family meeting than TAU counterparts (trend, medium effect), and for patients who entered aftercare regardless of treatment condition (significant large effect).
THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACILLUS PROTEUS X-19 AND RICKETTSIAE : III. A STUDY OF THE ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACTS OF BACILLUS PROTEUS X-19.

Two substances differing in immunological behavior as well as in certain chemical properties have been isolated from soluble extracts of B. proteus X-19. Both substances appear to be polysaccharides. The first substance is precipitated from X-19 crude extracts by a relatively low percentage of alcohol and electrolytes (from one to two and a half volumes of alcohol). When purified as far as possible, it gives a negative biuret reaction, a positive Molish and has a nitrogen content of 4 per cent. This material, which we call X factor, has the immunological properties of the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae, described elsewhere. It has the property of precipitating with typhus serum as well as anti-Proteus serum, even after treatment with hot alkali. The second substance we call P factor, suggesting a material which is proper to Proteus X-19 and has nothing to do with the Weil-Felix reaction. It is obtained from the crude extracts of B. proteus X-19 by treating the fluids from which the X factor has been removed with an excess of alcohol (seven to ten volumes, according to electrolytes in solution). The purified material shows a nitrogen content of a little less than 1 per cent, gives a negative biuret and a positive Molish reaction. The P factor produces precipitates with anti-Proteus serum in considerable dilution, but has no effect on typhus serum. It is quickly destroyed on treating with alkali, a fact in accordance with the results already cited, which were obtained by White with whole extracts of B. proteus X-19. The duality of the X-19 extracts seems to be explained by the isolation of two immunologically different factors; one which is alkali-labile and which is proper to B. proteus X-19; and the other which is alkali-stable and is the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae.
One truth among others? Truth commissions’ struggle for truth and memory

Most truth commissions combine human rights investigation with a historical narrative explaining the causes and patterns of violence and violations. However, their historiographical function has be...
Beam shape effects on grating spectrometer resolution.

The collimated optical beam in a grating spectrometer may be circular or elliptical in cross section, so that different parts of the beam illuminate different numbers of grooves on the grating. Here we estimate the consequent loss in spectral resolution relative to that obtained with a beam that illuminates a fixed number of grooves. The effect reduces the intrinsic resolving power of the spectrometer by ∼15%, exclusive of other contributions such as finite entrance-slit width.
Anypoint Communication Protocol

Summary form only given. We are developing the Anypoint Communication Protocol (ACP). ACP clients establish connections to abstract services, represented at the network edge by Anypoint intermediaries. The intermediary is an intelligent network switch that acts as an extension of the service; it encapsulates a service-specific policy for distributing requests among servers in the active set for each service. The switch routes incoming requests on each ACP connection to any active server at the discretion of the service routing policy, hence the name "Anypoint". The Anypoint abstraction and ACP protocol enable virtualization using intermediaries for a general class of wide-area network services based on request/response communication over persistent transport connections. Potential applications include scalable IP-based network storage protocols and next-generation Web services.
Scapula and humeral movement patterns and their relationship with pain: A preliminary investigation.

Dustin D Hardwick, Catherine E Lang Aims: Altered movement patterns may contribute to this shoulder pain following stroke. This article describes a study examining scapular and humeral movement patterns in people with hemiparetic shoulder pain (HSP), exploring the relationship between pain and these movement patterns. Methods: Kinematic data from nine participants with HSP and twelve matched controls were collected as they performed scapular plane shoulder elevation. Correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between participants’ ratings of pain and kinematic data. Findings: The HSP group had decreased humeral external rotation compared to the control group. Despite a trend toward decreased scapular upward rotation, there was considerable variation in scapular upward rotation movement patterns across the participants with HSP. Scapular tilt was not different between groups. There was an inverse relationship between pain and scapular upward rotation, indicating that those with more pain had l...
Upward ant distribution shift corresponds with minimum, not maximum, temperature tolerance

Rapid climate change may prompt species distribution shifts upward and poleward, but species movement in itself is not sufficient to establish climate causation. Other dynamics, such as disturbance history, may prompt species distribution shifts resembling those expected from rapid climate change. Links between species distributions, regional climate trends and physiological mechanism are needed to convincingly establish climate-induced species shifts. We examine a 38-year shift (1974–2012) in an elevation ecotone between two closely related ant species, Aphaenogaster picea and A. rudis. Even though A. picea and A. rudis are closely related with North American distributions that sometimes overlap, they also exhibit local- and regional-scale differences in temperature requirements so that A. rudis is more southerly and inhabits lower elevations whereas A. picea is more northerly and inhabits high elevations. We find considerable movement by the warm-habitat species upward in elevation between 1974 and 2012 with A. rudis, replacing the cold-habitat species, A. picea, along the southern edge of the Appalachian Mountain chain in north Georgia, USA. Concomitant with the distribution shifts, regional mean and maximum temperatures remain steady (1974–2012), but minimum temperatures increase. We collect individuals from the study sites and subject them to thermal tolerance testing in a controlled setting and find that maximum and minimum temperature acclimatization occurs along the elevation gradient in both species, but A. rudis consistently becomes physiologically incapacitated at minimum and maximum temperatures 2 °C higher than A. picea. These results indicate that rising minimum temperatures allow A. rudis to move upward in elevation and displace A. picea. Given that Aphaenogaster ants are the dominant woodland seed dispersers in eastern deciduous forests, and that their thermal tolerances drive distinct differences in temperature-cued synchrony with early blooming plants, these climate responses not only impact ant-ant interactions, but might have wide implications for antplant interactions.
An identity crisis: the need for core competencies in undergraduate medical education

A medical student perspective on the role of core competencies in undergraduate medical education in light of medical education reform associated with recent Flexner II.
High-temperature spin-polarized quantum dot light-emitting diodes

We believe our demonstration of high-temperature operation in a GaMnAs spin-LED to be an important step in the quest toward room-temperature spin-LED operation. In this paper, we have investigated the properties of Mn-doped InAs quantum dot multilayers grown by LT-MBE. We find that the dilute magnetic quantum dot samples exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at and above room-temperature, possibly resulting from the joint effects of quantum confinement, epitaxial strain, and disorder introduced by the self-organization process. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicates that the Mn atoms incorporate predominantly with the InAs dots. Work is currently underway to incorporate InAs:Mn QDs in the spin-aligner of a spin-LED to demonstrate room-temperature operation; our results are presented.
Determination and modeling of the thermodynamic properties of liquid calcium–antimony alloys

Abstract The thermodynamic properties of Ca–Sb alloys were determined by emf measurements in a cell configured as Ca(s)|CaF2|Ca–Sb over the temperature range 550–830 °C. Activity coefficients of Ca and Sb, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy of mixing of Ca–Sb alloys were calculated for xCa
Experience with rituximab in the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis

Prior to the 1970s, severe cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV) were thought to be invariably fatal. However, the use of cyclophosphamide-based treatment regimens fundamentally altered disease outcomes, transforming AAV into a manageable, chronic illness. Despite the tremendous success of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of AAV, there remained a need for alternative therapies, due to high rates of treatment failures and significant toxicities. In recent years, with the introduction of targeted biologic response modifiers into clinical practice, many have hoped that the treatment options for AAV could be expanded. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the B-lymphocyte protein CD20, has been the most successful biologic response modifier to be used in AAV. Following the first report of its use in AAV in 2001, experience with rituximab for treatment of AAV has rapidly expanded. Rituximab, in combination with glucocorticosteroids, is now well established as a safe and effective alternative to cyclophosphamide for remission induction for severe manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. In addition, initial experiences with rituximab for remission maintenance in these diseases have been favorable, as have experiences for remission induction in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Optical phase retrieval by phase-space tomography and fractional-order Fourier transforms

Phase-space tomography is experimentally demonstrated for the determination of the spatially varying amplitude and phase of a quasi-monochromatic optical field by measurements of intensity only. Both fully and partially coherent sources are characterized. The method, which makes use of the fractional-order Fourier transform, also yields the Wigner distribution of the field and works in one or two dimensions.
Extremely Compact Coaxial DFB-LD Modules for 2.5 Gb/s DWDM Metro Application

The world's smallest distributed-feedback laser modules using the miniature thermoelectric cooler (TEC) has been developed. By the virtue of reducing the heat load of the built-in TEC, the module has been successfully downsized to $\phi 5.6\times 12.7~{\rm mm}$ . The module operated with a power consumption of less than 238 mW, which is one-eighth compared with that of the conventional butterfly-package module, over the temperature range from ${-}{\rm 10}^{\circ}{\rm C}$ to 75 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ . This module can be installed into the small form-factor pluggable transceivers for the dense wavelength division multiplexing network.
Sequence-Based Mapping of the Polyploid Wheat Genome

The emergence of new sequencing technologies has provided fast and cost-efficient strategies for high-resolution mapping of complex genomes. Although these approaches hold great promise to accelerate genome analysis, their application in studying genetic variation in wheat has been hindered by the complexity of its polyploid genome. Here, we applied the next-generation sequencing of a wheat doubled-haploid mapping population for high-resolution gene mapping and tested its utility for ordering shotgun sequence contigs of a flow-sorted wheat chromosome. A bioinformatical pipeline was developed for reliable variant analysis of sequence data generated for polyploid wheat mapping populations. The results of variant mapping were consistent with the results obtained using the wheat 9000 SNP iSelect assay. A reference map of the wheat genome integrating 2740 gene-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the wheat iSelect assay, 1351 diversity array technology, 118 simple sequence repeat/sequence-tagged sites, and 416,856 genotyping-by-sequencing markers was developed. By analyzing the sequenced megabase-size regions of the wheat genome we showed that mapped markers are located within 40−100 kb from genes providing a possibility for high-resolution mapping at the level of a single gene. In our population, gene loci controlling a seed color phenotype cosegregated with 2459 markers including one that was located within the red seed color gene. We demonstrate that the high-density reference map presented here is a useful resource for gene mapping and linking physical and genetic maps of the wheat genome.
Bullough, Vern Leroy (1928–2006)

Vern L. Bullough (1928–2006) was a pioneering sexologist and civil rights activist, responsible for drafting the first ACLU policy to defend homosexuals. He was the author of over 50 books and 200 articles pertaining to sex, gender, history, science, and nursing. Keywords: ACLU ; homosexual rights; sexology
Adoption And Spread Of New Imaging Technology: A Case Study

ABSTRACT: Technology is a major driver of health care costs. Hospitals are rapidly acquiring one new technology in particular: 64-slice computed tomography (CT), which can be used to image coronary...
Leveling the Playing Field: Should Student Evaluation Scores be Adjusted?*

Objectives. Colleges and universities routinely use evaluation scores to assess the quality of an instructor’s teaching for purposes of promotion and tenure and for merit-raise allocations. This article attempts to identify the determinants of these scores, and to suggest ways that departments’ numerical rankings of instructors might be adjusted. Method. This article applies a feasible generalized least squares model to a panel of data from master’s-level classes. Results. We find that instructors can ‘‘buy’’ better evaluation scores by inflating students’ grade expectations. Also, the teaching experience of instructors has an impact on evaluation scores, but this effect is largely seen as an increase after tenure is granted. In addition, we find evidence of a bias against nonwhite faculty. Conclusion. Our results suggest that an adjustment to the usual departmental rankings may be in order. Researchers have been interested in student evaluation of teaching (SET) at the college and university level, and in their determinants, for more than a half-century. The large and growing literature in this area points to the importance of the role that SET scores have come to play in academic departments. For example, colleges and universities routinely use SET scores to assess the quality of an instructor’s teaching for purposes of promotion and tenure. Furthermore, SET scores are often an important component in deliberations for merit- or excellence-raise allocations. There is also some evidence that SET scores affect student retention rates (Langbein and Snider, 1999). Although some strands of the literature debate whether SETs should be of such central importance, the fact remains that these scores have been and continue to be used extensively. Understanding the determinants of SET scores may be of considerable interest and utility to instructors and to administrators. Despite the breadth of the literature, much of the research has been unconvincing due to either data difficulties or statistical shortcomings. The current article contributes to the literature in several areas. First, we explore
High retention and safety of percutaneously implanted endovascular embolization coils as fiducial markers for image-guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of pulmonary tumors.

Purpose To compare the retention rates of two types of implanted fiducial markers for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) of pulmonary tumors, smooth cylindrical gold "seed" markers ("seeds") and platinum endovascular embolization coils ("coils"), and to compare the complication rates associated with the respective implantation procedures. Methods and Materials We retrospectively analyzed the retention of percutaneously implanted markers in 54 consecutive patients between January 2004 and June 2009. A total of 270 markers (129 seeds, 141 coils) were implanted in or around 60 pulmonary tumors over 59 procedures. Markers were implanted using a percutaneous approach under computed tomography (CT) guidance. Postimplantation and follow-up imaging studies were analyzed to score marker retention relative to the number of markers implanted. Markers remaining near the tumor were scored as retained. Markers in a distant location ( e.g. , pleural space) were scored as lost. CT imaging artifacts near markers were quantified on radiation therapy planning scans. Results Immediately after implantation, 140 of 141 coils (99.3%) were retained, compared to 110 of 129 seeds (85.3%); the difference was highly significant ( p p = 0.96). Incidences of all pneumothorax (including asymptomatic) and pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement were lower in implantation of coils (23% and 3%, respectively) vs. seeds (54% and 29%, respectively; p = 0.02 and 0.01). The degree of CT artifact was similar between marker types. Conclusions Retention of CT-guided percutaneously implanted coils is significantly better than that of seed markers. Furthermore, implanting coils is at least as safe as implanting seeds. Using coils should permit implantation of fewer markers and require fewer repeat implantation procedures owing to lost markers.
Far-field imaging by the Veselago lens made of a photonic crystal

A detailed study of evanescent waves in a two-dimensional photonic crystal known to be a left-handed medium for propagating modes is presented. We have not found universal amplification of the evanescent modes, connected with negative µ and ϵ of the bulk photonic crystal. An analytical expression for the intensity distribution near the far-field focus is obtained using diffraction theory. This distribution contains some novel features and establishes a new diffraction limit for flat lenses. The distribution is generalized for multiple sources located at different points and is in very good agreement with computer simulations.
Neuropsychological Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disease and its Treatment

Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of death in developed countries (Wylie, 1972; Wolf et al., 1977). Furthermore, many patients who survive their strokes are left with significant physical or psychological deficits (Gresham et al., 1979) at considerable personal and economic cost (Hartunian, Smarth and Thompson, 1980). The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, and the high incidence of significant neurobehavioral deficit often results in these patients being referred for neuropsychological examination. In some settings they represent a major portion of the referral base, and patients with cerebrovascular disease have assumed a major role in the development of our understanding of basic brain-behavior relationships (e.g., aphasia). One expression of the importance of cerebrovascular disease in the development of the field of clinical neuropsychology is that one of the earliest thematic volumes was devoted to this group of diseases (Benton, 1970). In recent years there has been a continuing interest in a number of issues related to neuropsychological factors in cerebrovascular disease. Although early studies documented the type of neurobehavioral deficit in cerebrovascular disease (Reitan and Fitzhugh, 1972; Reitan, 1964, 1970; Meier, 1970), more recent studies have begun to pursue a variety of more precise and carefully defined questions related to specific types of behavioral deficit, or to determine deficits related to specific arterial distributions or specific subgroups of vascular disease patients.
Mucosal whole mounts of rodent forestomach.

The most convenient separation of the mucosa of the f orestomach of rats and mice was secured when the opened stomach was pinned flat (mucosa up) to the bottom of a paraffined petri dish and immersed 1–3 hours in 0.5-1.0% oxalic or acetic acid at room temperature. The separated mucosa was spread on a spatula and immersed in fixing fluid. Staining, dehydration, clearing and mounting in a syndietic mounting medium were by standard methods as used for celloidin sections.
Distinct temporal patterns of defensin mRNA regulation during drug- induced differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells

Defensins are microbicidal peptides and the principal constituents of neutrophil primary granules. They are presumed to play a prominent role in innate host defenses. We examined defensin mRNA levels during drug-induced differentiation of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Transcription was restricted to promyelocyte, myelocyte, and very early metamyelocyte stages of the granulocytic pathway. Complete downregulation occurred during late granulocytic maturation or early during phorbol ester-promoted differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Retinoic acid (RA) was the strongest inducer of defensin mRNA accumulation, even at doses too low to effect morphologic changes; the initial (first 48 hours), gradual increase resulted from transcriptional activation and was enhanced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. In contrast, addition of hybrid polar compounds led to a transient, drug-specific downregulation within the same time period, apparently by means of selectively induced, biphasic degradation of transcripts. Subsequent increase in transcript levels was faster and more pronounced with hexamethylene bisacetamide, relative to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO-promoted effects were strikingly different in serum-free medium or in the presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Under these conditions, and although differentiation was unaffected, early defensin mRNA downregulation was final. The effect did not occur with RA and expression of other myeloid-specific genes was also unchanged. Addition of selected cytokines caused a similar “dip,” only at earlier times and uncoupled from differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha markedly induced defensin levels after 2 days in previously untreated HL-60 cells, but inhibited expression in RA-differentiated cells. These results begin to detail a complex regulation of defensin mRNA synthesis with both spatial and temporal control elements, and a unique modulation by chemical agents, cytokines, and serum-factors.