cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic cyclosporine for the treatment of psoriatic conjunctivitis

To the Editor: A 54-year-old woman with a history of moderate to severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis presented with red scaly plaques on her knees, elbows, and trunk affecting 8% of her total body surface area. She reported contemporaneous onset of her psoriasis and conjunctivitis. Bilateral conjunctival injection was noted with no exudates, photophobia, miosis, or eyelid edema (Fig 1). Physical exam was otherwise normal. Past medical history included hypertension, diabetes, and depression. Medications included metformin, enalapril, and amlodipine. The patient had failed treatment with etanercept and adalimumab in the past. She was started on a regimen of 5to 10-mg/kg infliximab intravenous (IV) infusion every 4 to 6 weeks. After 5 rounds of treatment, her conjunctival erythema had cleared completely and her psoriasis had improved. The infliximab was discontinued prematurely due to a lapse in her insurance coverage. After 2 months without systemic treatment, the conjunctival injection recurred bilaterally, at which time she was started on cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05%, 1 drop in each eye twice daily, and methotrexate 20 mg/week. On follow-up at 11 days, the conjunctivitis had completely resolved (Fig 2). Ocular involvement occurs in approximately 10% of psoriasis patients and commonly includes conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and uveitis. An ophthalmology referral at initial presentation is suggested to assess the degree of ocular involvement and for ongoing monitoring. The prevalence of conjunctivitis in psoriasis patients has been reported to be as high as 64.5%. Karabulut et al found that the conjunctival epithelial cells of psoriasis patients lacking clinical ocular disease demonstrated increased rates of squamous metaplasia compared with controls, with no correlation between the presence of squamous metaplasia and duration of skin disease. They also found increased rates of neutrophil clumping in the conjunctival tissue of these patients, reminiscent of the epidermal microabscesses pathognomonic of psoriasis. Their findings suggest a common underlying disease process, as in our patient, whose conjunctivitis responded independently to both IV infliximab and ophthalmic cyclosporine. Her rapid response to treatment after relapse is most likely attributable to treatment with cyclosporine, which has a faster onset
Gel'fand-Dorfman Theorem and Exact Cocycle Poisson Structures

We generalize the Gel'fand-Dorfman theorem to Poisson manifolds using the cohomological conditions. We find conditions to construct some compatible Poisson structures (exact cocycle type) suited to the needs of the theorem. Exact Poisson structures on vector spaces are also studied. We prove that every Lie-Poisson structure is exact.
Effective topological spaces. II: A hierarchy

This paper (which is the continuation of the preceding paper [7]) is an investigation of definability hierarchies on effective topological spaces. An open subset U of an effective space X is definable iff there is a parameter free definition φ of U so that the atomic predicate symbols of φ are recursively open relations on X. The complexity of a definable open set may be identified with the quantifier complexity of its definition. For example, a set U is an ∃∃∀∃-set if it has an ∃∃∀∃ parameter free definition using only recursively open predicate symbols. Since X is not equipped with a natural pairing apparatus such a U need not be an ∃∀∃-set. Let Σ denote the class of all ∃-sets, ∃∃-sets, ∃∃∃-sets etc. We show that an open set is in Σ iff it is equivalent modulo a nowhere dense set to a recursively enumerable open set (such sets are said to be essentially recursively enumerable or e.r.e.). Thus Σ = e.r.e. Indeed we show the existence of a universal Σ-set as well as the existence of universal sets for higher levels of the definability hierarchy.
Modification of Protein Synthesis by Hyperthermia

SummaryThe effect of in vivo hyperthermia on protein synthesis has been studied in rabbits. The level of activity of phosphoenolpyrucate carboxykinase has been used as an index of protein synthesis. When rabbits were subjected to about 46 hours of fever at 106°F, the activity of this enzyme in liver mitochondria was significantly reduced. In light of the effect of stress and glucose on the level of activity of the enzyme, the data indicate that the depression is the result of decreased protein synthesis.
Self-generating density gradients of Percoll provide a simple and rapid method that consistently enriches natural killer cells

Abstract The separation or enrichment of natural killer (NK) cells from the heterogeneous cell populations in murine spleen or bone marrow is a vital step for the study of NK cells. We report in this study a simple and rapid method for the enrichment of NK cells from B cell-depleted spleen cells, using a self-generating density gradient of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated silica (Percoll). Nylon wool-passed spleen cells are suspended in Percoll that is isotonic and isosmotic with mouse blood at a density of 1.087 g/ml and ultracentrifuged at 30 000 × g for 10 min. This method consistently enriches for NK cell cytotoxic activity, in spleen cells of both unstimulated and interferon-stimulated mice, as measured in the chromium release assay. There is a concomitant enrichment for cells bearing the NK marker asialo GM-1 and depletion of L3T4 or Lyt-2-bearing T cells. In contrast to discontinuous, step-wise gradients, the self-generating Percoll gradient, which relies on the intrinsic property of Percoll to form a continuous density gradient, appears to provide the cells with a physiological environment both before and during the centrifugation step.
Synchronization Analysis of the Double Exciting Motors in Nonlinear Vibration System Based on Reaching Law

Based on the dynamic model of the nonlinear vibration system which driven by double exciting motors, the rotate speed difference and phase difference state space equations have been deduced. According to the design feature of the nonlinear vibration system and the vibration synchronization requirement of double exciting motors, the approach control synchronization strategy has been deduced with sliding mode reaching law. The practical examples and tests shows that the reaching law synchronization controller can effectively control the double exciting motors to realize the synchronization movement, and the synchronization controller has stronger robustness. The analysis result can provide the theoretical and test basis for the further exploitation of synchronization vibrating machine.
The rapid concentration and purification of influenza virus from allantoic fluid.

Influenza virus was quantitatively recovered from infectious allantoic fluid by precipitation with 8 per cent (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). Virus concentrated by PEG-6000 treatment was rapidly purified by gel permeation chromatography through controlled pore glass beads. The purity of virus preparations achieved by this method, when judged by three independent criteria, was comparable to virus preparations purified by conventional density gradient procedures.
Critical Appraisal of Diffusivity Determinations from Experimental Creep Data

The procedures used to obtain diffusion coefficients from experimental creep data are analyzed in detail. Using experimental data for polycrystalline alumina, it is demonstrated that, in general, it is impossible to correctly determine the diffusion coefficients from experimental creep data.
Metabolic Performance and GI Function in Magnesium‐Deficient Rats

Abstract A quantitative evaluation of the mass balance and GI motor effects of dietary magnesium deficiency in the adult male Sprague‐Dawley rat is described. Seventy‐seven animals were used. Both sham control and experimental groups were maintained on a commercial stock laboratory diet ad libitum for 30 days, after which the experimental rats were switched for 30 days to the magnesium‐deficient diet ad libitum , containing a magnesium concentration of 16.2 ppm. Ten rats were used to determine the acetylcholine responsiveness of duodenal muscle segments in vitro . In all cases, the segments from the deficient rats were hyperresponsive to a fixed acetylcholine dose. Forty‐six rats were used to determine the average intestinal transit rate, which increased significantly in 30‐day magnesium‐deficient rats. A final series employed 21 rats who were housed in individual metabolic cages. After 5 days on the deficient diet, the average daily fecal pellet counts and fecal weights were significantly reduced. It is concluded that chronic magnesium deficiency is associated with altered GI motor function in the adult male rat.
Effects of Broiler Strain, Dietary Nonphytate Phosphorus, and Phytase Supplementation on Chick Performance and Tibia Ash

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of broiler strain and phytase supplementation on chick nonphytate P (NPP) requirements for growth, feed intake, and tibia ash. The first experiment compared the NPP requirements for 8- to 22-d-old chicks from 2 broiler strains, Ross 308 and 708, that have been selected for differences in early weight gain and performance. The second experiment utilized similar 8- to 22-d-old Ross 308 and 708 chicks but also compared the effects of dietary fungal phytase supplementation (600 U/kg) on broiler NPP requirements. The third experiment utilized a younger starting age, 5 to 23 d old, for Ross 308 and 708 chicks with and without phytase supplementation. Minor differences in chick growth did not affect chick NPP requirements in Experiments 1 and 3, but a substantial and unexplained reduction of growth of the Ross 708 chicks in Experiment 2 resulted in a lower NPP requirement for chick growth and feed intake but not for tibia ash. As expected, supplementation of diets with fungal phytase did result in decreased NPP requirements for growth, feed intake, and tibia ash in both strains used in Experiment 3.
Impacts of Food Diversity on some Reproductive Attributes in the Gray Field Slug Deroceras reticulatum (MÃ¼ller)

Using a food choice design consisting of a single, double and multiple diets, impacts of three common vegetables viz. cabbage (CAB), lettuce (LET) and potato (POT) on some important reproductive attributes of the gray field slug Deroceras reticulatum (MA¼ller) have been assessed. Although adult body weight was not affected by the diets, brood size was maximum in a double diet (CAB+POT), but multiple diets (CAB+LET+POT) did not enhance egg productivity. Both LET and POT had induced significantly greater number of eggs per day in comparison with CAB. Multiple diets resulted in significantly heavier eggs than the eggs from single or double diet regimes. Eggs laid on LET had the lowest and that on CAB+LET+POT had the highest developmental time but the hatch rate across the diet regimes did not differ significantly. Hatchlings from the single diet treatment were heavier than the double diet regime, but those between single vs. multiple or double vs . multiple diets did not vary statistically. The heaviest hatchlings were from LET and the lightest ones were from the CAB+LET treatments. The present results would help researchers in selecting a convenient culture medium for rearing experimental slugs in the laboratory. In addition, the data suggest that polyculture of vegetables might reduce slug damage, especially by reducing the brood size, egg production and hatchling size of D. reticulatum in the fields. Key words: Deroceras , field slug, food diversity, reproductive attributes, alternative food source Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2198 J. bio-sci. 15: 15-21, 2007
AT-30EFFECTS OF EVEROLIMUS ON MENINGIOMA GROWTH IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 2

BACKGROUND: Vestibular schwannomas (VS) and meningiomas are associated with biallelic loss of NF2, and may arise sporadically or in the context of the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 2. Loss of NF2 activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and published in vitro and in vivo data indicate that mTOR inhibition may be effective in the treatment of NF2-deficient VS and meningiomas. Everolimus is an oral inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) with anti-tumor activity in a variety of tumors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with NF2 and progressive vestibular schwannomas treated with everolimus on our prospective phase II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01419639). Everolimus was administered at a daily dose of 10 mg in continuous 28-day courses for up to 12 courses. In this retrospective study, we included patients with at least one volumetrically measurable meningioma (>0.5 cc) who received at least six 28-day courses of therapy. Tumor response was assessed with brain MRI every three months using three-dimensional volumetric analysis. RESULTS: Three patients met criteria and had 10 evaluable meningiomas, with a total combined volume of 11.84 cc at baseline (median 1.20 cc, range 0.53–3.00 cc). Median time on therapy was 9 months (range 6–12 months). Total combined meningioma volume remained stable during treatment (-1.8%). Correspondingly, none of the individual tumors analyzed met criteria for volumetric response or progression during the treatment period (range -10% to +9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Neither objective response nor progression was appreciated in meningiomas patients during a median treatment duration of 6 months. Further clinical studies will be required to determine whether everolimus affects meningioma growth velocity in patients with NF2. To better understand pharmacologic mTOR signaling pathway modulation in human VS and meningiomas in vivo, we are currently conducting a multi-center pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (“phase 0”) study with everolimus (NCT01880749).
Colonial Hong Kong as a Cultural-Historical Place

In July 1997, when Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty, this former British colony became a new kind of place: a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the several years leading up to the 1997 transition, a sudden outpouring of Mainland Chinese scholarship stressed how Hong Kong had been an inalienable part of China since ancient times.2 Until then, however, Hong Kong had rarely figured in Mainland Chinese scholarship. Indeed, Hong Kong suffered from what Michael Yahuda has called a "peculiar neglect": administered by the British but claimed by China, it was "a kind of bureaucratic no-man's land."3 Only one university in all of China had a research institute dedicated primarily to studying Hong Kong. As part of this new "Hong Kong studies" (Xianggangxue), in 1997 China's national television studio produced two multi-episodic documentaries on Hong Kong: "One Hundred Years of Hong Kong" (Xianggang bainian) and "Hong Kong Vicissitudes" (Xianggang cangsang). The studio also produced two shorter documentaries, "One Hundred Points about Hong Kong" (Xianggang baiti) and "The Story of Hong Kong" (Xianggang de gushi). The "Fragrant Harbor" that PRC historians had generally dismissed as an embarrassing anachronism in a predominantly
Visual Evoked Potentials in Chiasmal Gliomas in Four Adults

• Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from four patients with surgically verified chiasmal gliomas. Despite good visual acuity, 6/12 (20/40) or better in each eye, these patients showed substantially reduced VEP amplitudes to a diffuse flash stimulus and hardly detectable responses to a highly textured checkerboard-pattern stimulus. The dissociation between evoked electrical activity and visual acuity is noteworthy; this differs from previously reported findings in patients with extrinsic compressing lesions of the chiasm or with lesions of demyelinating disease, which usually reduce VEP amplitude and increase conduction time in rough proportion to a loss of visual acuity.
Outcome of carotid endarterectomy for acute neurological deficit.

We reviewed our experience with urgent carotid intervention in the setting of acute neurological deficits. Between June 1992 and August 2008, a total of 3145 carotid endarterectomies (CEA) were performed. Twenty-seven patients (<1.0%) were categorized as urgent. The mean age was 74.1 years (range 56-93 years) with 16 (60%) men, and 11 (40%) women, Symptoms included extremity weakness or paralysis (n = 13), amaurosis fugax (n = 6), speech difficulty (n = 2), and syncope, (n = 3). Three patients exhibited a combination of these symptoms. Three open thrombectomy were performed. Regional anesthesia was used in 13 patients (52%). Seventeen patients (67%), required shunt placement. At 30-days, 2 patient (7%) suffered a stroke, and 1 (4%) died. Urgent CEA can be performed safely. A stroke rate of 7% is acceptable in those who may otherwise suffer a dismal outcome without intervention.
Globally optimal bilinear programming for computer vision applications

We present a practical algorithm that provably achieves the global optimum for a class of bilinear programs commonly arising in computer vision applications. Our approach relies on constructing tight convex relaxations of the objective function and minimizing it in a branch and bound framework. A key contribution of the paper is a novel, provably convergent branching strategy that allows us to solve large-scale problems by restricting the branching dimensions to just one set of variables constituting the bilinearity. Experiments with synthetic and real data validate our claims of optimality, speed and convergence. We contrast the optimality of our solutions with those obtained by a traditional singular value decomposition approach. Among several potential applications, we discuss two: exemplar-based face reconstruction and non-rigid structure from motion. In both cases, we compute the best bilinear fit that represents a shape, observed in a single image from an arbitrary viewpoint, as a combination of the elements of a basis.
Exploring the Role of Religion in Medical Ethics

From time to time medical ethicists bemoan the loss of a religious perspective in medical ethics. The discipline had its origins in the thinking of explicitly religious thinkers such as Paul Ramsey and Joseph Fletcher. Furthermore, many of those who contributed to the early development of the discipline had training in theology. One thinks of Daniel Callahan, Richard McCormick, Albert Jonsen, Sam. Banks. As the discipline becomes more and more self-reflective, with attention being paid to methodological and conditional concerns, it is only natural that the roots are due for a reexamination. The time has therefore come for some reassessment. The first steps here are taken in the form of a dialogue between the coauthors to clarify authentic contributions and weed out unauthentic ones.
An adaptive control scheme for systems with unknown actuator failures

A state feedback output tracking adaptive control scheme is developed for plants with actuator failures characterized by the failure pattern that some inputs are stuck at some unknown fixed values at unknown time instants. This scheme relaxes the conditions on the controlled plant for desired plant-model output matching in the presence of actuator failures. New controller parametrization and adaptive law are developed under less restrictive conditions. All closed-loop signals are bounded and the plant output tracks a given reference output asymptotically, despite the uncertainties in actuator failures and plant parameters. Simulation results verify the desired adaptive control system performance.
A Meta-Analysis of Different Forms of Shared Leadership–Team Performance Relations

Using 50 effect sizes from both published and unpublished studies (team n = 3,198), we provide meta-analytic support for the positive relationship between shared leadership and team performance. Employing a random effects model, we found that the theoretical foundation and associated measurement techniques used to index shared leadership significantly moderated effect size estimates. Specifically, as compared to studies that conceptualized and employed assessments of overall shared leadership from members (i.e., an aggregation approach), network conceptions and measures of shared leadership evidenced higher effect sizes. Both network density and (de)centralization approaches to the study of shared leadership–performance relations exhibited significant and higher effect sizes than did the aggregation-based studies. Analyses also revealed lower average effect sizes when the sample studied was in the classroom/lab as compared to the field. Task complexity significantly moderated the shared leadership, with l...
The first cosmic ray albedo proton map of the Moon

[1] Neutrons emitted from the Moon are produced by the impact of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) within the regolith. GCRs are high-energy particles capable of smashing atomic nuclei in the lunar regolith and producing a shower of energetic protons, neutrons and other subatomic particles. Secondary particles that are ejected out of the regolith become “albedo” particles. The neutron albedo has been used to study the hydrogen content of the lunar regolith, which motivates our study of albedo protons. In principle, the albedo protons should vary as a function of the input GCR source and possibly as a result of surface composition and properties. During the LRO mission, the total detection rate of albedo protons between 60 MeV and 150 MeV has been declining since 2009 in parallel with the decline in the galactic cosmic ray flux, which validates the concept of an albedo proton source. On the other hand, the average yield of albedo protons has been increasing as the galactic cosmic ray spectrum has been hardening, consistent with a disproportionately stronger modulation of lower energy GCRs as solar activity increases. We construct the first map of the normalized albedo proton emission rate from the lunar surface to look for any albedo variation that correlates with surface features. The map is consistent with a spatially uniform albedo proton yield to within statistical uncertainties.
A note on two‐part pricing under uncertainty

In his classic article, Walter Oi (Oi, Q. J. Econ. 2005; 85: 77–96) analyzed the optimal structure of a two-part tariff. He showed that identical consumer demands result in user fees equal to marginal cost and a lump-sum entry fee equal to the consumer surplus that marginal cost pricing generates. This result appears in managerial economics texts (Managerial Economics (6th edn). W. W. Norton: New York; 472–475; Managerial Economics and Business Strategy (5th edn). McGraw Hill/Irwin: New York; 410–412) and intermediate microeconomics texts (Intermediate Microeconomics (6th edn). W. W. Norton: New York; 451–453). In this note, we extend Oi’s analysis to the case of uncertainty. We show that attitudes toward risk influence the optimal two-part tariff. The results from our model describe the two-part tariff that emerges from expected utility maximization. Copyright r 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rosiglitazone antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and nuclear factor of activated T cells activation in cardiac valve endothelium.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells, Cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) is required for heart valve formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, mediated by NFATc1 activation, positively regulates growth of valvular endothelial cells. However, regulators of VEGF/NFATc1 signaling in valve endothelium are poorly understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibits NFATc1 activity in T cells and cardiomyocytes, but it is not known if PPARγ controls NFATc1 function in endothelial cells. The authors hypothesize PPARγ antagonizes VEGF signaling in valve endothelium by inhibiting NFATc1. Endothelial cells isolated from human valve leaflet tissue were shown by immunocytochemistry to express the endothelial-specific markers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1. VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of human pulmonary valve endothelial cells (HPVECs) were inhibited by rosiglitazone (ROSI), a specific ligand of PPARγ activation, sugg...
A weird world

Where Does the Weirdness Go? Why Quantum Mechanics is Strange, but Not as Strange as You Think. By David Lindley. Basic Books: 1996. Pp. 251. $24.
Moving into the Mainstream? Reflections on the Study of Giftedness

This position paper is a call for efforts to increase connections between studies of giftedness and mainstream psychological and educational research. Most mainstream researchers have paid scant attention to the literature on giftedness and have ignored the field's journals. However, studies of giftedness have contributed to mainstream theory and may play some special roles in theory development. Strategies for overcoming barriers to further integration with mainstream research are proposed.
The Social Construction of Status Value: Gender and Other Nominal Characteristics

This article describes micro-macro processes through which simple structural conditions cause a nominal characteristic such as gender or race to acquire independent status value. These conditions are sufficient but not necessary and may or may not be involved in the actual historical origin of a given characteristic's status value. The argument assumes that a nominal characteristic becomes correlated with a difference in exchangeable resources. Blau's (1977) structural theory specifies the effects of the distribution of resources and the nominal characteristic on the likely characteristics of interactants in encounters. Expectation-states theory describes the situational beliefs about worthiness that develop among the resulting types of interactants. I combine the two theories to show where the nominal characteristic is likely to be connected with such situational beliefs, how this connection is affected by transfer and diffusion among types of interactants, and how this process can produce consensual beliefs in the characteristic's status value.
Ultrasonic experiments at ultra-high frequency with picosecond time-resolution

A method that can be used to make ultrasonic measurements with picosecond time resolution is described. In this method, short light pulses (duration >
Social learning and technological evolution during the Clovis colonization of the New World.

Abstract A long-standing debate in Pleistocene archaeology concerns the sources of variation in the technology of colonizing hunter-gatherers. One prominent example of this debate is Clovis technology (13,350–12,500 calendar years before present), which represents the earliest widespread and currently recognizable remains of hunter-gatherers in North America. Clovis projectile points appear to have been made the same way regardless of region, but several studies have documented differences in shape that appear to be regional. Two processes have been proposed for shape variation: (1) stochastic mechanisms such as copy error (drift) and (2) Clovis groups adapting their hunting equipment to the characteristics of prey and local habitat. We used statistical analysis of Clovis-point flake-scar pattern and geometric morphometrics to examine whether drift alone could cause significant differences in the technology of Stone Age colonizing hunter-gatherers. Importantly, our analysis was intraregional to rule out a priori environmental adaptation. Our analysis confirmed that the production technique was the same across the sample, but we found significant shape differences in Clovis point populations made from distinct stone outcrops. Given that current archaeological evidence suggests stone outcrops were “hubs” of regional Clovis activity, our dichotomous, intraregional results quantitatively confirm that Clovis foragers engaged in two tiers of social learning. The lower, ancestral tier relates to point production and can be tied to conformist transmission of tool-making processes across the Clovis population. The upper, derived tier relates to point shape, which can be tied to drift that resulted from increased forager interaction at different stone-outcrop hubs and decreased forager interaction among groups using different outcrops. Given that Clovis artifacts represent the earliest widespread and currently recognizable remains of hunter-gatherers in North America, our results suggest that we need to alter our theoretical understanding of how quickly drift can occur within a colonizing population and create differences among socially learned technological characters.
Indenter geometry effects on the measurements of mechanical properties by nanoindentation with sharp indenters

The measurement of mechanical properties by nanoindentation methods is most often conducted using indenters with the Berkovich geometry (a triangular pyramid) or with a sphere. These indenters provide a wealth of information, but there are certain circumstances in which it would be useful to make measurements with indenters of other geometries. We have recently explored how the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus can be achieved using sharp indenters other than the Berkovich. Systematic studies in several materials were conducted with a Vickers indenter, a conical indenter with a half-included tip angle of 70.3{degrees}, and the standard Berkovich indenter. All three indenters are geometrically similar and have nominally the same area-to-depth relationship, but there are distinct differences in the behavior of each. Here, we report on the application of these indenters in the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by nanoindentation methods and some of the difficulties that occur.
SLAW: a scalable locality-aware adaptive work-stealing scheduler for multi-core systems

This poster introduces SLAW, a Scalable Locality-aware Adaptive Work-stealing scheduler. The SLAW features an adaptive task scheduling algorithm combined with a locality-aware scheduling framework.Past work has demonstrated the pros and cons of using fixed scheduling policies, such as work-first and help-first, in different cases without a clear winner. Prior work also assumes the availability and successful execution of a serial version of the parallel program. This assumption can limit the expressiveness of dynamic task parallel languages.The SLAW scheduler supports both work-first and help-first policies simultaneously. It does so by using an adaptive approach that selects a scheduling policy on a per-task basis at runtime. The SLAW scheduler also establishes bounds on the stack usage and the heap space needed to store tasks. The experimental results for the benchmarks studied show that SLAW's adaptive scheduler achieves 0.98x - 9.2$x speedup over the help-first scheduler and 0.97x - 4.5x speedup over the work-first scheduler for 64-thread executions, thereby establishing the robustness of using an adaptive approach instead of a fixed policy. In contrast, the help-first policy is 9.2x slower than work-first in the worst case for a fixed help-first policy, and the work-first policy is 3.7x slower than help-first in the worst case for a fixed work-first policy. Further, for large irregular recursive parallel computations, the adaptive scheduler runs with bounded stack usage and achieves performance (and supports data sizes) that cannot be delivered by the use of any single fixed policy.The SLAW scheduler is designed for programming models where locality hints are provided to the runtime by the programmer or compiler, and achieves locality-awareness by grouping workers into places. Locality awareness can lead to improved performance by increasing temporal data reuse within a worker and among workers in the same place. Our experimental results show that locality-aware scheduling can achieve up to 2.6x speedup over locality-oblivious scheduling, for the benchmarks studied.
Power generation in Canada to 2000 A.D.

This paper covers the power generation forecasting work done from June to December 1973, as part of the strategic planning process for Canadian General Electric's Power Generation business. The forecast covers the period 1973 to 2000 and includes all hydraulic turbines and generators, fossil and nuclear turbine-generators, and gas turbine-generators, that are expected to be installed in Canada for each year in this time frame. The method used is described, a summary of the results is shown, and the relationship of the forecast to the strategic planning process in Canadian General Electric is explained.
Engineering for appliances

Several thousand electrical engineers are engaged in the many problems associated with day-to-day production of electric appliances for the home so as to keep up with the public taste in style and appearance. This article deals with many of their highly complex engineering problems involved in designing and building these domestic appliances.
The Future of Organized Labor in American Politics

The Future of Organized Labor in American Politics. By Peter L. Francia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. 216p. $42.00. As the spiraling decline of organized labor continues unabated, the U.S. labor movement is becoming more insignificant to workers. In 2004, union density in the private sector declined to a postwar nadir below 10%. As membership drops, so does union capacity to mobilize members in the electoral sphere. But since 1995, when John Sweeney and the New Voice slate toppled Lane Kirkland as president of the AFL-CIO, Peter L. Francia argues, labor unions are more effective politically than ever. This belief is rooted in Francia's quantitative research of congressional elections in the Sweeney era from 1994 to 2002.
Local 3D matrix confinement determines division axis through cell shape

// Lijuan He 1, 2 , Weitong Chen 1 , Pei-Hsun Wu 1, 2 , Angela Jimenez 1, 2 , Bin Sheng Wong 1, 2 , Angela San 1 , Konstantinos Konstantopoulos 1, 2, 3 , Denis Wirtz 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 2 Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 3 Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Correspondence to: Lijuan He, e-mail: lijuanh@jhu.edu Denis Wirtz, e-mail: wirtz@jhu.edu Keywords: 3D matrix, elongated cell division, long-axis rule, matrix confinement Received: September 16, 2015 Accepted: October 03, 2015 Published: October 15, 2015 ABSTRACT How the division axis is determined in mammalian cells embedded in three-dimensional (3D) matrices remains elusive, despite that many types of cells divide in 3D environments. Cells on two-dimensional (2D) substrates typically round up completely to divide. Here, we show that in 3D collagen matrices, mammalian cells such as HT1080 human fibrosarcoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exhibit division modes distinct from their Counterparts on 2D substrates, with a markedly higher fraction of cells remaining highly elongated through mitosis in 3D matrices. The long axis of elongated mitotic cells accurately predicts the division axis, independently of matrix density and cell-matrix interactions. This 3D-specific elongated division mode is determined by the local confinement produced by the matrix and the ability of cells to protrude and locally remodel the matrix via β1 integrin. Elongated division is readily recapitulated using collagen-coated microfabricated channels. Cells depleted of β1 integrin still divide in the elongated mode in microchannels, suggesting that 3D confinement is sufficient to induce the elongated cell-division phenotype.
6.12 Inorganic Acid Derivatives

Phosphates are ubiquitous in nature and represent a significantly broad field of study within the scientific community given their vital role in biology, biochemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, and synthetic organic chemistry. This chapter will highlight phosphorylation methods through P(V) and P(III) reagents, with an emphasis on recently developed methods. These methods include the diastereoselective synthesis of phosphoramidates, the catalytic condensation of phosphoric acid with alcohols, the Mitsunobu reaction of phosphates as nucleophiles, pyrophosphate formation, enol phosphate generation and their application in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, thiophosphate and boranophosphate formation, phosphorus–Brook rearrangements, phosphoramidite chemistry and their application in complex molecule synthesis, and H -phosphonates in phosphate synthesis. Catalytic and asymmetric phosphorylation, phosphorothiolate and phosphorothioate oligonucleotide synthesis, phosphate installation in natural product synthesis, and current advances in phosphate protecting groups will also be discussed.
Allylic amination reactivity of Ni, Pd, and Pt heterobimetallic and monometallic complexes

Transition metal heterobimetallic complexes with dative metal-metal interactions have the potential for novel fast reactivity. There are few studies that both compare the reactivity of different metal centers in heterobimetallic complexes and compare bimetallic reactivity to monometallic reactivity. Here we report density-functional calculations that show the reactivity of [Cl2Ti(N(t)BuPPh2)2M(II)(η(3)-methallyl)] heterobimetallic complexes for allylic amination follows M = Ni > Pd > Pt. This reactivity trend was not anticipated since the amine addition transition state involves M(II) to M(0) reduction and this could disadvantage Ni. Comparison of heterobimetallic complexes to the corresponding monometallic (CH2)2(N(t)BuPPh2)2M(II)(η(3)-methallyl) complexes reveals that this reactivity trend is due to the bimetallic interaction and that the bimetallic interaction significantly lowers the barrier height for amine addition by >10 kcal mol(-1). The impact of the early transition metal center on the amination addition barrier height depends on the late transition metal center. The lowest barrier heights for this reaction occur when late and early transition metal centers are from the same periodic table row.
Temperature-Dependent Proton T1- and T1ρ Study of Oil Shales

Proton T1 and T1ρ measurements have been made over a wide temperature range on oil shales from Eastern and Western United States. The T1 values for the different shales differ considerably but they all exhibit a similar temperature dependence. A single minimum occurs above room temperature and almost no low-temperature variation occurs. All the Eastern shales have almost identical T1ρ values, with almost no temperature dependence observed over the entire temperature range. The T1ρ values for the Wyoming shale shows a broad low-temperature minimum and a well-defined high- temperature minimum. Preliminary measurements suggest that T1 is determined in part by relaxation due to paramagnetic centers and that T1ρ is affected by slow spin diffusion. ESR measurements of spin concentration have been made on shales and compared with T1, with the hydrogen NMR signal, and with extractable oil. The ESR signal can be separated into component signals with different g-factors.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Strain-Induced Nanopatterning on Hexagonal Surfaces

Guided self assembly of periodic arrays of quantum dots has recently emerged as an important research field not only to reduce component size and manufacturing cost but also to explore and apply quantum mechanical effects in novel nanodevices. The intention of this kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation study is to investigate self-organized nanopatterning on hexagonal surfaces for relaxedperiodic surface strain fields applied topt(111) epitaxy. The KMC model is a full diffusion bond-counting model including nearest neighbor as well as second-nearest neighbor interactions with an event catalogue consisting of 8989 events modeling the effect of the biaxial surface strain field. The strain dependence of the fcc site and the saddlepoint for apt adatom migrating on top of thept(111) surface is calculated using the embedded atom method. Both the valley and the saddlepoint energies show an excellent linear dependence on the strain. These results are applied in the KMC model. The surface strain in this study is caused by a hexagonal network of dislocations at the interface between the substrate and a mismatched epitaxial layer. How the selforganization of deposited atoms is influenced by the surface strain will be addressed.
Piles of defeat. Napoleon at Waterloo

Major events of history have frequently turned on seemingly trivial matters. One such situation involves Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo. Napoleon was not feeling well on the day of the battle of Waterloo, despite fighting well at Ligny, a few days before the last, dramatic June 18 battle. There is considerable indication that Napoleon was bothered by very painful thrombosed hemorrhoids. Did this affect his generaship that day? What is the evidence that Napoleon was afflicted with thrombosed hemorrhoids? What contribution could this factor have made to the French defeat at Waterloo?
"Bound" growth inhibitor in raw soybean meal.

SummaryIncubating raw soybean meal at 37° in water resulted in further reduction, over that of raw soybean meal, in the growth rate of rats fed such meal; papain accentuated this effect. The results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the raw soybean growth inhibitor(s) exists in a “bound” form in raw soybean.
Entrepreneurship education in hospitality and tourism: insights from entrepreneurs

ABSTRACTThe perceptions of entrepreneurs in businesses related to hospitality and tourism in a rural community were explored through interviews to better understand their backgrounds, experiences, and insights into education for future entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed for themes and the findings provided ideas for entrepreneurship education in hospitality and tourism and indicated that further attention could be given toward helping students to develop creativity and critical thinking skills, engage in deeper self-discovery experiences, and understand tourism more fully to help prepare them for entrepreneurial roles.
Renal Capsular Leiomyoma

AbstractAn exophytic renal mass was diagnosed preoperatively as renal cell carcinoma by ultrasound, computerized tomography and arteriography. Intraoperative recognition of the proper diagnosis of leiomyoma of the renal capsule permitted renal-sparing excision. Renal capsular leiomyoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of an apparent exophytic renal cell carcinoma.
Separation-Free (Homogeneous) Amperometric Immunoassay Using an Apoenzyme as the Label

From an operational standpoint enzyme mediated immunoassays can be divided into two major categories (Ngo and Lenhoff, 1981 and 1982; Blake and Gould, 1984; Oellerich, 1984; Ngo, 1985): (1) separation-free, also known as homogeneous system in which the physical separation of unbound ligand-indicator conjugates from that bound to the antibody is not required; (2) separation-required, also known as heterogeneous system, in which an antibody bound ligand indicator conjugates must first be separated from the unbound ones before measuring the activity of the indicator conjugate in either the free or the antibody-bound fraction.
Wearable chemical sensors: Opportunities and challenges

Wearable systems show considerable promise in monitoring and assessing the real-time performance of athletes, the health status of patients, or the general well-being of interested users. Most wearables today focus on monitoring physical parameters (e.g., activity, respiration rate, etc.), or electrophysiology (e.g., ECG, EEG, etc.). In order to augment the richness of collected data, the next-generation of wearables will also be capable of monitoring underlying chemical homeostatis of the user, for example through measurement of glucose in interstitial fluid, lactate in saliva, or electrolytes in sweat. This paper discusses the challenges of building wearable chemical biosensors, including biosensor functionalization, flexible material engineering, bioelectronic integration, and data analytics.
Is the agenda set? State of agenda-setting research in China and Korea

ABSTRACTAgenda setting is one of the most recognized communication theories. This thematic analysis aims to provide an overview of agenda-setting publications in China and Korea. Results indicated that the output of agenda-setting research was impressive in both countries. Korean studies mirrored U.S. studies in terms of topical focus, but research in China narrowly concentrated on social issues. Chinese agenda-setting research was typically a-theoretical and lacking in methodological diversity, while such problems were less acute in Korean studies. More studies have moved on to the Internet and social media in both countries. Implications are discussed and new directions for future research are suggested.
Do BKM Sequences Play a Role in Human Sex Determination

In 1976, Singh et al. reported that female DNA of some species of snakes contains an extra satellite band that is absent from male DNA1. This satellite DNA from the Banded krait (Bkm, Banded krait minor) was later isolated and used as a probe in a number of studies2. When a Drosophila library was screened with Bkm, several strongly cross-hybridizing plasmids were detected, and these plasmids have been used interchangeably with the Bkm satellite DNA3. (We have used pCS316, one of these Drosophila clones, for many of our studies.) Both probes cross-hybridizes with DNA from a great variety of animals, including mammals and birds, and the hybridization studies suggest either marked sequence conservation2, 3 or independent evolution of the sequence4. The Bkm homologous sequences appear to be more abundant, or to be arranged in a distinct manner in the heterogametic sex in these species, just as it is in the Banded krait. Although Bkm probes demonstrate marked differences in the restriction patterns of male and female mouse DNA, such differences have not been found in male and female human DNA even though it has been estimated that 0.5–1% of total human DNA is related to the Bkra sequence3.
The persistence of print among university students

Digital reading is increasingly replacing print for academic and pleasure reading.We surveyed 429 university students in 5 countries about their reading practices.Nearly 92% said that they concentrated best when reading in print.If cost were the same, 4/5 preferred print for both academic and pleasure reading.Cost and convenience are primary drivers of digital reading adopted in higher education. As use of digital devices has grown, university students (along with faculty and administrators) are considering whether academic reading should be done in print or on digital screens. Some studies have indicated that comprehension in the two media is equivalent, while other research has questioned this conclusion. Furthermore, we have little systematic knowledge about students own attitudes and practices regarding reading in hardcopy versus onscreen.The present investigation gathered quantitative and qualitative survey data from 429 university students in the US, Japan, Germany, Slovakia, and India. The quantitative findings revealed high levels of affirmation about advantages of reading in print. Nearly 92% said they concentrated best when reading in print, and more than four-fifths reported that if cost were the same, they would prefer print for both schoolwork and pleasure reading. Students reported they were more likely to re-read printed material than digital; they were also more likely to multitask when reading onscreen. Qualitative questions asked what students liked most and liked least about reading in hardcopy and reading digitally. Using a fine-grained coding scheme, these responses were quantified. Advantages reported for print included ease of annotation and papers tactile properties, while among the disadvantages were lack of convenience and expenditure of environmental or monetary resources. The biggest advantage of screen reading was convenience, while the primary disadvantages were eyestrain and distraction.