cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Constraints on Lorentz Violation in Electrodynamics

Infrared, optical, and ultraviolet spectropolarimetry of cosmological sources is used to constrain the pure electromagnetic sector of a general Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. The coefficients for Lorentz violation are bounded to less than $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}$.
LETTER STRUCTURE FACTORS IN THE RECOGNITION OF ALPHABETICAL ARRAYS PRESENTED IN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VISUAL FIELDS

Summary.-Six-letter nonsense arrays made up of the letters H N Z D W J were tachistoscopically exposed either to the right or left of fixation at four displacements to 20 Ss. Structurally similar letters (i.e., the H and N) tended to be recognized with greater difficulty than dissimilar items. Following certain ideas about scanning (Fudin, 1969), the possible effect of letter structure was investigated separately in the first half of targets (letters 1, 2, and 3) and in the last half. This effect was almost exclusively limited to the array-half at each displacement which, because of its position in the visual field, fell in an area of greater visual acuity. Further research concerning the influence of letter strucrure upon recognition whenever stimuli are briefly presented seems warranted. When groups of letters are exposed for brief periods of time (e.g., tachistoscopically) such that the center of the array coincides with the fixation point (FP), letters which are similar in form tend to be confused with each other. Cattell (1885) found confusions berween G-C and 0-Q, and Hylan (1903) between 0-U, V-Y and C-G. When a group of letters is exposed tachistoscopically, the latter contended, at times only a part of some of the letters is perceived. The missing portion(s) of these letters is(are) "filled in" by the observer. Thus, when perception of a letter is limited to the common structural feature(s) of a group of letters, it frequently will not be correctly recognized. The misread letter, however, will probably contain the common strucmral feature(s). This hypothesis was supported in the work of Tinker (1928). When single-letter targets were misread, errors tended to resemble the correct item. Twenty-six per cent of errors for C, for example, were a G. When Q was misperceived it was reported as an 0 60% of the time. Dockeray (1910) presented different combinations of two lower-case letters, with one letter placed to the right of fixation and one to the left. Letters with structural similarities, such as t-f and c-e, were mistaken for each other. These findings suggest that letter structure may be a factor in the recognition of alphabetical arrays tachistoscopically presented laterally, i.e., either in the right visual field (RVF) or left visual field (LVF) . METHOD Twelve permutations of the letters H N Z D W J, arranged in six-letter arrays, were tachistoscopically presented (at 30 in. distance) to 20 Ss (exposure 200 + 5 msec.). Stimuli were typed (IBM Elite) in the upper case with a single space between letters. Each letter was l/s in. high and each target 15/16
Against all odds: explaining high host specificity in dispersal-prone parasites.

Host specificity gauges the degree to which a parasite occurs in association with a single host species. The measure is indicative of properties of the host and parasite, as well as their ecological and co-evolutionary relationships. Host specificity is influenced by the behavior and ecology of both parasite and host. Where parasites are active, vagile and coupled with hosts whose behavior and ecology brings the parasite into contact with many potential hosts, the likelihood of host switching is increased, usually leading to lowered specificity. Bat flies are specialized, blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats worldwide. In the bat fly – bat system, numerous properties interrupt the linkage of parasite to host and should decrease specificity. For bat flies these include high levels of activity, proclivity to abandon a disturbed host, the ability to fly, and a life-history strategy that includes a pupal stage decoupled from the host. For bats these include rapid, frequent and wide-ranging flight, high species richness encouraging inter-specific encounters during foraging, roosting and reproductive events, the utilization of large, durable roosting structures that are often shared with other bat species, and utilization of common entrance/exit flyways. The biological and ecological characteristics of bats and flies should together facilitate interspecific host transfers and, over time, lead to non-specific host-parasite associations. Large surveys of Neotropical mammals and parasites, designed to eliminate artifactual host-to-host parasite transfers, unequivocally demonstrate the high host specificity of bat flies. High degrees of specificity are remarkable in light of myriad host and parasite characteristics that ought to break down such specificity. Although host-specific parasites often have limited dispersal capability, this is not the case for some groups, including active, mobile bat flies. Host specificity in parasites with high dispersal capability is likely related to adaptive constraints. Among these may be a reproductive filter selecting for specificity based on mate availability, and co-evolved immunocompatibility where parasites use the same or similar immune-signaling molecules as their hosts to avoid immunological surveillance and response.
Cdc13 OB2 Dimerization Required for Productive Stn1 Binding and Efficient Telomere Maintenance

Cdc13 is an essential yeast protein required for telomere length regulation and genome stability. It does so via its telomere-capping properties and by regulating telomerase access to the telomeres. The crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc13 domain located between the recruitment and DNA binding domains reveals an oligonucleotide-oligosaccharide binding fold (OB2) with unusually long loops extending from the core of the protein. These loops are involved in extensive interactions between two Cdc13 OB2 folds leading to stable homodimerization. Interestingly, the functionally impaired cdc13-1 mutation inhibits OB2 dimerization. Biochemical assays indicate OB2 is not involved in telomeric DNA or Stn1 binding. However, disruption of the OB2 dimer in full-length Cdc13 affects Cdc13-Stn1 association, leading to telomere length deregulation, increased temperature sensitivity, and Stn1 binding defects. We therefore propose that dimerization of the OB2 domain of Cdc13 is required for proper Cdc13, Stn1, Ten1 (CST) assembly and productive telomere capping.
Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid β Peptide 25-35 Is Localized in the Membrane Hydrocarbon Core: X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology is characterized by neuritic plaques composed primarily of amyloid beta peptide (A beta). An elevation in A beta in the cerebral cortex has been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD but its mechanism of action is unknown. The addition of A beta protein to neuronal cell cultures produces changes in the activity of various membrane proteins, including ion channels and receptors, potentially as a result of intercalating into the membrane bilayer. In this study, the interactions of the A beta fragment 25-35 [A beta(25-35)] with liposomes were directly examined by small angle x-ray diffraction approaches. One-dimensional electron density profiles generated from the diffraction data demonstrated that the addition of A beta(25-35) produced a discrete increase in electron density 0-12 A from the center of the lipid bilayer. Under these conditions, the membrane concentration of A beta(25-35) was 860-fold higher than in the aqueous buffer. These findings indicate that this peptide is highly lipophilic and inserts into the membrane hydrocarbon core. Following the intercalation of A beta(25-35) to this location in the membrane, the protein fragment may interact with regulatory membrane proteins.
Anesthetic management of the patient with epilepsy or prior seizures

Purpose of reviewEpilepsy is a clinical disorder of paroxysmal recurring seizures, the diagnosis excluding alcohol or drug withdrawal seizures or such recurring exogenous events as repeated insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Epilepsy has a profound impact on each individual diagnosed with this disease.Re
Reflux in Children and Its Effects on Assessment and Management of Voice Disorders From a Speech-Language Pathologist's Perspective

Voice disorders in the pediatric population are common, but have been understudied. Inflammation, trauma, and neurologic and congenital anomalies all can result in childhood dysphonia. Laryngophary...
The effect of a campus-community environmental alcohol prevention initiative on student drinking and driving: results from the "a matter of degree" program evaluation

Objective. Motor vehicle crashes involving alcohol are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among college students in the United States. This study evaluates the effect on drinking and driving outcomes of the “A Matter of Degree” program, a campus-community coalition initiative to reduce college binge drinking. Methods. We used a quasi-experimental longitudinal study design that compared student responses at 10 colleges participating in the program and students attending 32 similar colleges that did not participate in the program. We also divided the program sites into two groups of five according to their level of program implementation and compared each with the non-program colleges. We examined driving after any alcohol consumption and driving after five or more drinks among drinkers who drove one or more times a week per month and riding with a high or drunk driver among all students at these colleges beginning in 1997 through 2001. Outcomes were based on data collected from repeated cross-s...
Cause of acute myocardial infarction late after successful coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) reduces angina and improves exercise tolerance in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Further, it improves survival in selected high-risk patients. Despite these dramatic results CABG has not been shown to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In each of 3 large randomized CABG trials the frequency of nonfatal AMI was not reduced.1–3 The causes of AMI occurring months or years after successful CABG have not been well defined. In patients who have undergone CABG, AMI may potentially result from occlusion of a graft to an artery that has already closed, occlusion of an artery whose graft has previously closed or occlusion of an ungrafted native coronary artery.4 Recently, we observed that AMI in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease frequently was due to occlusion of an artery that previously did not contain an obstruction.5 This suggests that occlusion of unbypassed arteries that did not previously contain obstructions may be an important cause of AMI after CABG.
Winter intensification of the moist branch of the circulation in simulations of 21st century climate

[1] In this paper, changes in isentropic circulations associated with global warming in the AlB model outputs for the 20th and 21st centuries are analyzed. The changes in the circulations on dry and moist isentropes are quantified through the use of three bulk measures of the circulations: mass transport, entropy transport and effective stratification. The circulation on dry isentropes is expected to weaken due to a reduction of the meridional heat transport and to an increase in stratification. In contrast, the moist branch of the circulation, measured in terms of the difference between the circulations on moist and dry isentropes, strengthens during the winter months. This intensification is characterized not only by an increase in the eddy latent heat transport but also by an increase in the mass transport. This indicate a larger poleward mass flow of warm moist subtropical air into the stormtracks leading to enhanced moist ascent within baroclinic eddies.
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal potently and selectively inhibits synaptic plasma membrane ecto-ATPase activity, a putative regulator of synaptic ATP and adenosine.

Synaptic plasma membrane (SPM)-bound, extracellular-facing (ecto) ATPases are Mg2+- or Ca2+-activated enzymes that regulate the synaptic levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter ATP and provide ADP for the further ecto-nucleotidase-mediated production of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine. The present results show that low concentrations (IC50 = 4 μM) of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) inhibited up to about 80% of the ecto-ATPase activity of SPM purified from rat brain cerebral cortex. In contrast, low concentrations of HNE did not inhibit the activity of the “intracellular”-facing Na+, K+, Mg2+-ATPase. In addition, the inhibition of SPM ecto-ATPase activity by HNE was largely irreversible and pH-dependent. Furthermore, structure-activity studies demonstrate that inhibition was dependent on the presence of the reactive functional groups of HNE. These findings suggest that HNE selectively inhibits SPM ecto-ATPase activity by a mechanism that may involve the covalent modification of functionally-critical nucleophilic amino acids. It is proposed that inhibition of SPM ecto-ATPase activity could contribute to the mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation and HNE formation promote excitotoxicity.
Baroclinic and Barotropic Annular Variability in the Northern Hemisphere

AbstractLarge-scale variability in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) circulation can be viewed in the context of three primary types of structures: 1) teleconnection patterns, 2) a barotropic annular mode, and 3) a baroclinic annular mode. The barotropic annular mode corresponds to the northern annular mode (NAM) and has been examined extensively in previous research. Here the authors examine the spatial structure and time-dependent behavior of the NH baroclinic annular mode (NBAM).The NAM and NBAM have very different signatures in large-scale NH climate variability. The NAM emerges as the leading principal component (PC) time series of the zonal-mean kinetic energy. It dominates the variance in the wave fluxes of momentum, projects weakly onto the eddy kinetic energy and wave fluxes of heat, and can be modeled as Gaussian red noise with a time scale of ~10 days. In contrast, the NBAM emerges as the leading PC time series of the eddy kinetic energy. It is most clearly identified when the planetary-scale waves ...
Pain Beliefs, Coping, and Adjustment to Chronic Pain Let's Focus More on the Negative

Pain beliefs and coping are believed to be important determinants of adjustment to chronic pain. The majority of the studies in this area have focused on the potential benefits of adaptive pain coping strategies and beliefs to improve adjustment to pain. In this Focus article, we propose a model whereby maladaptive pain beliefs and coping strategies are considered primary determinants of chronic pain adjustment, and influence the likelihood of engaging in more adaptive coping through influencing mediating factors such as perceived self-efficacy to manage pain. We (1) review data to support this model; (2) discuss evidence for the influence of maladaptive and adaptive coping and beliefs on chronic pain adjustment within the context of methodological limitations of studies in this area; (3) discuss the difficulties in assessing adaptive pain coping and beliefs; and (4) examine the implications of our proposed model for cognitive/behavioral interventions for chronic pain. We conclude that future studies on chronic pain adjustment should place more emphasis on the examination of maladaptive pain beliefs and coping strategies, examine causal relationships between adaptive and maladaptive strategies, and employ more multivariate analyses when examining the relationship between pain beliefs, coping, and adaptation to chronic pain.
Yet another expert opinion on bilirubin toxicity.

Drs Newman and Maisels1 have provided valuable new guidelines for management of jaundice in the term newborn which take into account age at discharge from the hospital and some of the factors altering the general risk of bilirubin toxicity. They note that much of the information needed to identify the individual at risk is still unavailable and remind their readers that their "recommendations should be reevaluated periodically as new data become available." I have serious concerns, however, with the second half of their paper which almost completely downplays the toxic potential of bilirubin, its often erratic expression, and its ability to cause a spectrum of damage ranging from frank kernicterus to insults that are so minor as to be compensated for completely over time.2-4
Reflexivity in Practice Challenges and Potentials of Transnational Organizing

This article focuses on the efforts of an international nongovernmental organization (NGO) based in Sweden. KtK (Kvinna till Kvinna) partners with local women’s organizations in postconflict societies to carry out “peace work.” Drawing upon postcolonial feminist theory and field work, the authors explore how KtK strives to practice reflexivity in its relationships with partners. Through these organizing practices, women who have been marginalized before, during, and after conflict struggle together to resist misrepresentations, reclaim spaces for political action, and reconfigure the meanings of sustainability by focusing on long-term networking and relationships. The authors’ analysis points to the struggles and opportunities of international organizing driven by feminist ideals and goals for peace and reconstruction.
Isolated linear skull fractures in children with blunt head trauma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents with minor blunt head trauma and isolated skull fractures are often admitted to the hospital. The objective of this study was to describe the injury circumstances and frequency of clinically important neurologic complications among children with minor blunt head trauma and isolated linear skull fractures. METHODS: This study was a planned secondary analysis of a large prospective cohort study in children ,18 years old with blunt head trauma. Data were collected in 25 emergency departments. We analyzed patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 or 15 and isolated linear skull fractures. We ascertained acute neurologic outcomes through clinical information collected during admission or via telephone or mail at least 1 week after the emergency department visit. RESULTS:In the parent study, we enrolled 43 904 children (11 035 (25%) ,2 years old). Of those with imaging studies, 350 had isolated linear skull fractures. Falls were the most common injury mechanism, accounting for 70% (81% for ages ,2 years old). Of 201 hospitalized children, 42 had computed tomography or MRI repeated; 5 had new findings but none required neurosurgical intervention. Of 149 patients discharged from the hospital, 20 had repeated imaging, and none had new findings. CONCLUSIONS:Children with minor blunt head trauma and isolated linear skull fractures are at very low risk of evolving other traumatic findings noted in subsequent imaging studies or requiring neurosurgical intervention. Hospital admission for neurologically normal children with isolated linear skull fractures after minor blunt head trauma for monitoring is typically unnecessary.
Rapid, efficient analysis of the l( n )/ C k /r/N queue, with application to decomposition of closed queuing networks

Abstract A queuing network model (QNM) of a logistics or manufacturing process could conceivably contain service stations with multiple homogeneous servers, each with a general service time distribution. The λ ( n )/ C k / r / N queue, which forms at an N -capacity, r -server station where each server has a k -phase Coxian service distribution, plays an important role in the analysis of such models. In this paper, we propose a strategy for quickly and efficiently solving for the stationary probabilities of the related continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) of this queue. The proposed solution method makes more practical the analysis of queues with a much broader range of parameters than was previously possible, thereby making it easier to use a QNM to model industrial processes. In this paper, we exploit advances in computational linear algebra and computing power to solve for the stationary probability vector of the related continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) of a λ ( n )/ C k / r / N queue. The insights gained from studying the transition rate matrix of this chain are used to develop a list of candidate solution methods, each of which is used to calculate stationary probabilities for a set of 46 representative large-dimension problems. Based on this computational experience, a preferred solution approach for this type of CTMC is proposed. The effectiveness of the solution approach is demonstrated by using Marie's method to decompose four queuing networks containing stations with multiple k -phase Coxian servers.
Cell-specific regulation of L-WNK1 by dietary K+

Flow-induced K(+) secretion in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron is mediated by high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels. Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (pseudohypoaldosteronism type II) is an inherited form of hypertension with decreased K(+) secretion and increased Na(+) reabsorption. This disorder is linked to mutations in genes encoding with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1), WNK4, and Kelch-like 3/Cullin 3, two components of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades WNKs. We examined whether the full-length (or "long") form of WNK1 (L-WNK1) affected the expression of BK α-subunits in HEK cells. Overexpression of L-WNK1 promoted a significant increase in BK α-subunit whole cell abundance and functional channel expression. BK α-subunit abundance also increased with coexpression of a kinase dead L-WNK1 mutant (K233M) and with kidney-specific WNK1 (KS-WNK1), suggesting that the catalytic activity of L-WNK1 was not required to increase BK expression. We examined whether dietary K(+) intake affected L-WNK1 expression in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. We found a paucity of L-WNK1 labeling in cortical collecting ducts (CCDs) from rabbits on a low-K(+) diet but observed robust staining for L-WNK1 primarily in intercalated cells when rabbits were fed a high-K(+) diet. Our results and previous findings suggest that L-WNK1 exerts different effects on renal K(+) secretory channels, inhibiting renal outer medullary K(+) channels and activating BK channels. A high-K(+) diet induced an increase in L-WNK1 expression selectively in intercalated cells and may contribute to enhanced BK channel expression and K(+) secretion in CCDs.
Equitable, Gender-Neutral Language Means More Effective Advocacy

As legal writers, whether our goal is to persuade, establish parameters, or inform, we want our audience to focus on substance, not style -- or the lack thereof. Language that may distract, annoy, or possibly inflame the reader is language that any practitioner should avoid at all times. Sexist language is one example, even if the gender bias in the language is inadvertent. It behooves the practitioner to avoid the risk that readers will take exception to a gender-biased style and view the content with a dour or even irate eye. Instead, a legal writer should strive to write in a gender-neutral manner that lets the audience focus on the purpose of the writing. This article suggests some possible approaches along with others to avoid.
Novel applications of deep learning hidden features for adaptive testing

Adaptive test of integrated circuits (IC) promises to increase the quality and yield of products with reduced manufacturing test cost compared to traditional static test flows. Two mostly widely used techniques are Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Part Average Testing (PAT), whose capabilities to capture complex correlation between test measurements and the underlying IC's physical and electrical properties are, however, limited. Based on recent progress on machine learning, this paper proposes a novel deep learning based method for adaptive test. Compared to most machine learning techniques, deep learning has the distinctive advantage of being able to capture the underlying key features automatically from data without manual intervention. In this paper, we start from a trained deep neuron network (DNN) with a much higher accuracy than the conventional test flow for the pass and fail prediction. We further develop two novel applications by leveraging the features learned from DNN: one to enable partial testing, i.e., make decisions on pass and fail without finishing the entire test flow, and two to enable dynamic test ordering, i.e., changing the sequence of tests adaptively. Experiment results show significant improvement on the accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed method.
Cognitive Ability Correlates of Performance on a Team Task

This study examined the relationship between two cognitive ability measures, Grade Point Average (GPA) and verbal working memory capacity, and performance on a team task. Forty 3-person teams of students voluntarily participated in two experiments that required three team members to maneuver a simulated Uninhabited Air Vehicle (UAV) to take reconnaissance photos. Each of the team members assumed a different role with unique responsibilities. Low workload missions required that participants take 9 photos of various targets, whereas high workload missions required 20 photos and involved additional route constraints. The high workload manipulation produced significant reductions in team performance and in the performance of each of the three roles. Working memory capacity was more highly correlated with role performance and GPA was more highly correlated with team performance. Although both cognitive ability measures were significantly correlated with performance on the task, a different pattern of correlati...
Immune Persistence of Domestic Adsorhed Acellular Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine

[Objective]To investigate the immune persistence of domestic adsorhed acellular diphtheria tetanus and pertussis Ccombined vaccine(DTaP).[Methods]The 3-month-old healthy infants,without vaccination contraindication,unvaccinated DDT were selected and divided into 2 groups by randomized,double-blind and parallel-controlled similar vaccine design method;the 2 groups were inoculated respectively with A,B Dtap made by 2 Institutes of Biological Products.Full immunization 1 month later and 1 year later,mining vein blood respectively,diphtheria(DT),tetanus antibody(TT) were measured by indirect hemagglutination method.Antibody anti-pertussis toxin(DT) and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin antibody(FHA) were measured by using ELISA method.[Results]DTaP full immunization 1 year later,the DT,TT,PT,FHA antibody GMTs were maintained at a high level,compared with antibody GMT after 1 month,the difference was not significant(P0.05);the difference of immunogenicity between the 2 DTaP(immunization after 1 month,1 year) was not significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]Domestic DTaP vaccine was safe,with strong immunogenicity and stable quality,will effectively control the occurrence of related diseases and epidemic when it is brought into national immunization program.
Adhered platelet morphology in diabetes mellitus

We compared the morphology of platelets obtained from diabetic patients in various stages of retinopathy and nephropathy with those of control patients. The platelets were collected on to polyethylene films, processed and observed under scanning electron microscopy. Different platelet morphologies were observed within the diabetic group, correlating with the severity of complications, whereas platelets appeared normal in the control group. After more extensive follow-up and comparative studies, these preliminary observations could provide another diagnostic tool for detecting and evaluating severe complications associated with diabetes.
Errors Related to Outpatient E-Prescribing

Electronic prescribing, commonly referred to as e-prescribing, has been introduced to many outpatient settings to reduce medication errors and facilitate prescription processing. E-prescribing allows prescribers to electronically generate and send e-prescriptions to pharmacies. Federal government requirement for meaningful use of electronic health records has led to significant increase in the number of outpatient settings using e-prescribing in the USA. Although e-prescribing is known to reduce medication errors related to poor handwriting and illegibility issues, it also creates new types of errors. In this chapter, we discuss common e-prescribing errors that occur in outpatient practices and potential solutions to ensure patient safety.
The Neuroscience of the Tourette Syndrome Spectrum

This is the second installment of a double issue on Tourette syndrome (TS) for CNS Spectrums. This issue highlights recent research findings in the field and provides a state-of-the art update on the relationship between TS and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as on the genetics, functional imaging and neurocircuitry, and neuropathology of TS.I would again like to express my appreciation to the guest editor of this superb issue—Neal Swerdlow, MD, PhD, associate professor of psychiatry at University of California, San Diego, and scientific director of the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA)—as well as Sue Levi-Pearl of the TSA.The issue begins with a first-person account of TS by Major League baseball player Jim Eisenreich. His .300 lifetime batting average in professional baseball is a reflection of the superior focus he achieves in sports. In his work as a spokesman on behalf of TS, he serves as a role model, and his work will certainly help to raise awareness about TS so that others may avoid his experience of a 17-year gap between onset of symptoms and correct diagnosis.
Treatment Options in Colorectal Liver Metastases: Hepatic Arterial Infusion

Background: The liver is the most common site for metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) with the majority of these patients having unresectable disease. Methods: This is a retrospective review of studies using hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy to treat liver metastasis from CRC. A PubMed search of randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies from 2006 to present was conducted using the search terms ‘hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy', ‘colorectal cancer', and ‘treatment of liver metastases'. Results: The first randomized studies comparing HAI to systemic therapy with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin produced significantly higher response rates of 41 versus 14%. Systemic therapy has improved with the addition of irinotecan and oxaliplatin; however, the responses with HAI and these modern agents have also increased, with responses as high as 80%. For patients with wild-type KRAS, HAI and systemic therapy produced a median survival of 68 months. In patients with refractory disease, response rates are in the 30% range with a median survival of 20 months. Adjuvant HAI after liver resection has shown an increase of hepatic disease-free survival and overall disease-free survival when compared to systemic therapy alone in three of four randomized trials. A recent update of the adjuvant trials after liver resection at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has shown a 5-year survival of 78%. Conclusion: HAI therapy has a role in treating hepatic metastases from CRC in both the resectable and unresectable setting.
Current Scope and Challenges in Phenome-Wide Association Studies

Purpose of Review Over many decades, researchers have been designing studies to investigate the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes to gain an understanding about the effect of genetics on disease. Recently, a high-throughput approach called phenome-wide associations studies (PheWAS) have been extensively used to identify associations between genetic variants and many diseases and traits simultaneously. In this review, we describe the value of PheWAS along with methodological issues and challenges in interpretation for current applications of PheWAS.
Review: DOACs reduce intracranial hemorrhage more than warfarin in AF with CKD

Source Citation Kimachi M, Furukawa TA, Kimachi K, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for preventing stroke and systemic embolic events among atrial fibrillation patients with chroni...
Material Properties of Synthetic Fiber–Reinforced Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Conditions

AbstractFor decades, synthetic fibers have been utilized to improve the performance of concrete structures by enhancing the flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and other mechanical properties...
Unstable localization and periodicity

In the 1980’s, remarkable advances were made by Ravenel, Hopkins, Devinatz, and Smith toward a global understanding of stable homotopy theory, showing that some major features arise “chromatically” from an interplay of periodic phenomena arranged in a hierarchy (see [20], [21], [28]). We would like very much to achieve a similar understanding in unstable homotopy theory and shall describe some progress in that direction. In particular, we shall explain and extend some results of our papers [4], [11], and some closely related results of Dror Farjoun and Smith [17], [18], [19].
Invited Article: Advances in tunable laser-based radiometric calibration applications at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Recent developments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's facility for Spectral Irradiance and Radiance responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) are presented. The facility is predicated on the use of broadly tunable narrow-band lasers as light sources in two key radiometric calibration applications. In the first application, the tunable lasers are used to calibrate the spectral power responsivities of primary standard detectors against an absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR). The second function is to calibrate the absolute radiance and irradiance responsivities of detectors with uniform light sources, typically generated by coupling the laser light into integrating spheres. The radiant flux from the uniform sources is determined by the ACR-calibrated primary standard detectors. Together these sources and detectors are used to transfer radiometric scales to a variety of optical instruments with low uncertainties. We describe methods for obtaining the stable, uniform light sources required for low uncertainty measurements along with advances in laser sources that facilitate tuning over broader wavelength ranges. Example applications include the development of a detector-based thermodynamic temperature scale, the calibration and characterization of spectrographs, and the use of a traveling version of SIRCUS (T-SIRCUS) to calibrate large aperture Earth observing instruments and astronomical telescopes.
Markers of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008)

We examined gender and ethnic differences in the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes among 6,522 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–08. SDB severity was defined based on an additive summary score including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. We found that the summary SDB score was significantly associated with diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders in the whole population. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of diabetes among those with ≥3 sleep disturbances was 2.04 (1.46–2.87). In sex-specific analyses, this association was significant only in women (OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (2.01–6.72)) but not in men (1.10 (0.59–2.04)), P-interaction = 0.01. However, there were no ethnic differences in this association, P-interaction = 0.7. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, SDB was independently associated with diabetes only in women, but not in men.
Land Redevelopment and the Built Environment in Third-Wave Cities: Review and Synthesis

I seek to synthesize several different approaches to issues of urban land redevelopment and the built environment. The essay focuses on developments in the third and current historical wave of capi...
Unsupervised Learning and Adaptive Classification of Neuromorphic Tactile Encoding of Textures

In this work, we investigated the classification of texture by neuromorphic tactile encoding and an unsupervised learning method. Additionally, we developed an adaptive classification algorithm to detect and characterize the presence of new texture data. The neuromorphic tactile encoding of textures from a multilayer tactile sensor was based on the physical structure and afferent spike signaling of human glabrous skin mechanoreceptors. We explored different neuromorphic spike pattern metrics and dimensionality reduction techniques in order to maximize classification accuracy while improving computational efficiency. Using a dataset composed of 3 textures, we showed that unsupervised learning of the neuromorphic tactile encoding data had high classification accuracy (mean=86.46%, sd=5. 44%). Moreover, the adaptive classification algorithm was successful at determining that there were 3 underlying textures in the training dataset. In this work, tactile information is transformed into neuromorphic spiking activity that can be used as a stimulation pattern to elicit texture sensation for prosthesis users. Furthermore, we provide the basis for identifying new textures adaptively which can be used to actively modify stimulation patterns to improve texture discrimination for the user.
Crush Your Data with ViC 2 ES Then CHISSL Away

Insider Threat Detection is one of the greatest challenges for organizational cybersecurity [2]. In this paper, we designed and evaluated visually compressed cyber event sequence (ViC2ES) to assist analysts with building mental models about user activity for Insider Threat Detection. Our visualizations, which show user activity on a daily level, are purpose-built to be embedded in our in-house active learning tool called "CHISSL." [3], [4] We explored different visual compression techniques with binning or run length encoding, resulting in four unique designs built upon the same icon array presentation. We evaluated these four designs for both low-level and high-level tasks in two experiments: in Experiment I, participants performed perceptual tasks such as selecting the most and least similar activities for each of the designs; in Experiment II, participants used one of the designs in CHISSL for eleven reasoning tasks. The results suggest that participants preferred the high level of aggregation, but made the fewest errors with the low level of aggregation; they were able to interact with CHISSL and accomplish the tasks using both designs. We believe our aggregated designs are effective regarding both task performance and screen space; the high and low levels of aggregation designs are valid for user activity modeling.
The Price/Quality Relationship Revisited: A Segmented Approach

In their meta-analysis Rao and Monroe (1989) examined fifty-four price-perceived quality relationships. The mean effect size, (eta)2, was a statistically significant 0.12. In a subsequent study Dodds, Monroe and Grewal (1991) noted "… findings suggest that consumers are less likely to rely on the presence of a price-quality relationship for a particular product class in order to rely on the familiar information cues of brand and store name … for higher priced products that are purchased infrequently, the strength of the price cue may be diminished in the presence of other, more well-known cues." The purpose of the current study is to examine the price-perceived quality for the highest-priced of branded consumer products, namely the automobile.
The ‘Northwest Essex Anglo-Saxon Ring’, Falconry and Pagan–Christian Discursive Space

A unique gold finger ring, dated stylistically to c.ad 580–650, was discovered by metal-detecting in Essex in 2011. The ‘northwest Essex Anglo-Saxon ring’ is highly decorated with Style II art and shows a distinctive juxtaposition of ‘pagan’ and ‘Christian’ imagery including birds of prey and an anthropomorphic figure holding a long cross in the right hand, a raptor in the left. In this article, I consider the possibility that the object provides further evidence that falconry was practised in early Anglo-Saxon England. I begin by examining the finger ring itself and the imagery upon it, situating this within an Anglo-Saxon and broader Continental context. I then explore the possible social context of the ring, focusing on the ‘ideology of predation’ within which falconry, as a high-status hunting pursuit, may have been performed. Evaluating the hybrid ‘pagan’ and ‘Christian’ elements of the imagery, I suggest that falconry, and the ring itself as a high-status and possibly royal object, may have played important roles in the dynamics of pagan–Christian ‘discursive space’.
Infectious Disease: Community Response to Emerging Infectious Diseases

Emerging infectious diseases are those that are newly discovered, recently have increased in prevalence, or are expected to increase in prevalence in the future. Family physicians play an important role in leading community response to emerging infectious diseases. As with other types of disasters, the general approach to outbreaks has four stages: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Preparedness includes promotion of community health, maintenance of high vaccination rates, development of protocols for hospitals and family medicine practices, preparation of patients for international travel, and consideration of volunteering in case of disasters. Response includes treatment of infected patients, minimization of the risk of transmission to other individuals, education of the public, and disease reporting to local health departments. Recovery can be physical and emotional. Mitigation efforts attempt to minimize long-term effects of the outbreak and apply lessons learned to prevent or minimize the effects of similar events in the future.
Seven-Coordinated “Metallic” WO3 at High Pressures

We have studied the pressure-induced structural and electronic phase transitions in WO3 to 60 GPa using micro-Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and electrical resistivity measureme...
Parental views on communication between children and clinicians in pediatric oncology: a qualitative study

Communication is essential to providing family-centered care in pediatric oncology. Previously, we developed a functional model of communication between parents and clinicians. Prior research has not examined the domains and purposes of communication between children and clinicians. We explored parental perspectives to begin understanding this communication. Secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews with 80 parents of children with cancer across 3 academic medical centers during treatment, survivorship, or bereavement. We employed semantic content analysis, using the functional model of parental communication as an a priori framework. We identified 6 distinct functions of communication in child-clinician interactions: building relationships, promoting patient engagement, addressing emotions, exchanging information, managing uncertainty, and fostering hope. These communication functions were identified by parents of older (> 13 years old) and younger (< 12 years old) children, although the specific manifestations sometimes differed by age. Notably, age was not always an indicator of the child’s communication needs. For example, some parents noted older children who did not want to discuss difficult topics, whereas other parent described younger children who wanted to know every detail. Two functions from the previous parental model of communication were absent from this analysis: supporting family self-management and making decisions. Interviews with 80 parents provided evidence for 6 distinct functions of communication between children and clinicians. These functions apply to older and younger children, although specific manifestations might vary by age. This functional model provides a framework to guide clinicians’ communication efforts and future communication research.
Lobular neoplasia detected at MRI-guided biopsy: imaging findings and outcomes.

Abstract Objective To review MRI findings of pure lobular neoplasia (LN) on MRI guided biopsy, evaluate surgical and clinical outcomes, and assess imaging findings predictive of upgrade to malignancy. Methods HIPAA compliant, IRB-approved retrospective review of our MRI-guided breast biopsy database from October 2008–January 2015. Biopsies yielding atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ were included in the analysis; all biopsy slides were reviewed by a dedicated breast pathologist. Imaging indications, MRI findings, and histopathology were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Fisher exact-test and the t-test, and 95% CIs were determined. A p Results Database search yielded 943 biopsies in 785 patients of which 65/943 (6.9%) reported LN as the highest risk pathologic lesion. Of 65 cases, 32 were found to have LN as the dominant finding on pathology and constituted the study population. All 32 findings were mammographically and sonographically occult. Three of 32 (9.3%) cases of lobular neoplasia were upgraded to malignancy, all LCIS (one pleomorphic and two classical). The most common MRI finding was focal, heterogenous non-mass enhancement with low T2 signal. No clinical features or imaging findings were predictive of upgrade to malignancy. Conclusion Incidence of pure lobular neoplasia on MRI guided biopsy is low, with comparatively low incidence of upgrade to malignancy. No imaging or clinical features are predictive of upgrade on surgical excision, therefore, prudent radiologic-pathologic correlation is necessary.
No News is Bad News: Political Corruption, News Deserts, and the Decline of the Fourth Estate

The newspaper industry is perhaps the most notable casualty of the rise of the digital age. In this work, we examine how the decline of local reporting capacity which accompanied the emergence of d...
The Fellowship Application Process Must Be Reformed.

On Oct 23, 2019, I walked into one of the most eye-opening meetings of my life. As a newly minted forensic fellowship program director, I entered the Association of Directors of Forensic Psychiatry Fellowships (ADFPF) annual meeting full of hope and fresh energy, looking forward to the chance of
ExoPRIME: Solid-phase immunoisolation and OMICS analysis of surface-marker-specific exosomal subpopulations.

Abstract Exosomes encapsulate genomic and proteomic biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and disease monitoring. However, exosome surface-markers heterogeneity is a major drawback of current isolation methods. Here, we report a direct, one-step exosome sampling technology, ExoPRIME, for selective capture of CD63+ exosome subpopulations using an immune-affinity protocol. Microneedles (300μm × 30 mm), functionalized with anti-CD63 antibodies, were incubated under various experimental conditions in conditioned astrocyte medium and astrocyte-derived exosome suspension. The probe's capture efficiency and specificity were validated using FluoroCet assay, immunofluorescent imaging, and OMICS analyses. Significantly higher exosomes were captured by probes incubated for 16 h at 4 0C in enriched exosomal suspension (23 × 10 6 exosomes per probe) vis-a-vis 2 h at 4 0 C (12 × 10 6) and 16 h at 22 0C (3 × 10 6) in conditioned cell media. Our results demonstrate the application of ExoPRIME over a broad dynamic range of temperature and incubation parameters, offering flexibility for any desired application. ExoPRIME permits the use and re-use of minimal sample volumes (≤200 μL), can be multiplexed in arrays, and integrated into a lab-on-a-chip platform to achieve parallel, high-throughput isolation of different exosome classes in a semi-automated workstation. This platform could provide direct exosomal analysis of biological fluids since it can elegantly interface with existing room-temperature, picomolar-range nucleic acid assays to provide a clinical diagnostic tool at the point of care.