cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between perceptions of caregiving and carer contributions in an interview situation with a partner with aphasia

Background: Caregiving places an emotional burden on the carer of the person with aphasia as the carer is likely not prepared psychologically, emotionally, or financially for caring for someone post stroke. The carer plays a major role in the recovery process of individuals with aphasia. There is limited research examining the carer’s communicative contributions in an interview situation as it relates to their perceptions of caregiving as well as the relationship to the functional communication skills of the person with aphasia.Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the carer’s perception of caregiving as it relates to their communication style and interaction with the person with aphasia in an interview situation. The functional communication skills of persons with aphasia were also examined in relationship to the carer’s communicative contributions.Methods & Procedures: Nine persons with aphasia and their carers participated in this study. Participants were administered a variety of measures includi...
Abstract 5654: Novel tissue-targeted virogeneimaging system for squamous cell carcinoma therapy expressing cell cycle regulator cdk2ap1

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects about 30,000 Americans each year, and although the overall prognosis has improved in recent years for localized carcinomas, metastases can decrease survival rates by half. For tongue and palate lesions, surgery is usually the initial treatment, but metastases aggressively develop at sites where conventional therapies are ineffective. Therefore, our goal has been to develop more effective therapeutic modalities for the disease utilizing expression of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-modulating genes. Our efforts have focused on gaining understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of p12cdk2ap1 (p12), an S-phase growth suppressor and proapoptotic gene commonly downregulated in OSCC. In vivo, we have showed that expressing p12 using a nonviral vector can result in effective reduction in tumor size and a dramatically altered tumor phenotype. Moreover, we have showed that p12 can have cell growth inhibitory effects in a cell-autonomous as well as non-cell autonomous manner, rendering expression of this cell cycle regulator a very promising new gene therapy strategy. Therefore, we hypothesized that this growth regulator molecule will comprise a highly efficient antiumor gene therapy for OSCC. We have developed a novel viral delivery vector system with high activity and high specificity expression in oral tumor cells. This Adenovirus (Ad) utilizes a two-step transcriptional amplification system driven by the SCCA2 promoter and a bidirectional target cassette containing the sequences for the p12 and ether firefly luciferase (Luc) or thymidine kinase (TK) imaging genes. We constructed and are characterizing novel configurations of these dE1dE3 Ad-SCCA2-p12/Luc or p12/TK bidirectional vectors for gene therapy and virogeneimaging (VGI) applications. We are currently testing the specificity of these vectors and their effectiveness in tumor growth inhibition at either floor of mouth, orthotopic, or distant sites following intratumoral or systemic administration. We propose VGI can be adapted to a nonviral system as well and may hold promise not only as a novel SCC-specific gene therapy but perhaps as a molecular imaging detection agent for tumor cells that have metastasized to distant and thus difficult to treat sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5654. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5654
Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in gastric hyperemic response to intragastric capsaicin.

Stimulation of sensory neurons in the rat stomach by intragastric capsaicin leads to a marked rise in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF). The gastric mucosa, in particular submucosal blood vessels, is densely innervated by afferent neurons containing peptides, of which calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the most potent vasodilator. Using selective ablation of either the vagal or spinal sensory innervation to the stomach by perineural application of capsaicin, and by intra-arterial infusion of the CGRP receptor antagonist hCGRP-(8-37) close to the stomach, we investigated 1) the origin (vagal or spinal) of the sensory neurons and 2) whether CGRP mediates this hyperemic response. Perivagal application of capsaicin to the rat 10-20 days before experiments had no effect on the hyperemic response to intragastric capsaicin. In contrast, periceliac application of capsaicin significantly reduced this response by 60%. Intra-arterial infusion of CGRP (20 pmol/min) close to the stomach produced a marked rise i...
Blood-based screening for colon cancer: A disruptive innovation or simply a disruption?

This Viewpoint discusses the basis for the FDA’s 2016 approval of the blood-based septin 9 gene (SEPT9) assay as a screening test for colon cancer and concerns about its accuracy and use in clinical practice.
In-situ incorporation of binder during sol-gel preparation of Pd-based sulfated zirconia for reduction of nitrogen oxides under lean-burn conditions: Effect on activity and wash-coating characteristics

Abstract We have developed a dual-catalyst aftertreatment system for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust stream of natural gas-fired lean-burn engines by utilizing the unburned hydrocarbons present in the engine exhaust. The dual-catalyst bed consists of a physical mixture of a reduction catalyst (Pd/SZ) and an oxidation catalyst (Co/CeO2). In order to make this dual-catalyst system viable for practical use in the real aftertreatment units, it is necessary to develop a catalytically active washcoat for loading it onto cordierite monolith cores. To be able to handle large throughputs of gases typical of aftertreatment units, irreversible loss of activity due to separation of the wash-coat from the monolith walls can be reduced by adding binders to improve the adhesive properties of the wash-coat. However, addition of such binders may affect the catalytic activity of the resulting dual-catalyst bed. In our study, we have incorporated binders such as alumina, boehmite, bentonite or silica to the Pd/SZ catalyst using a novel technique in which the binders were added in situ during the sol-gel synthesis rather than the conventional method of adding binders (ex-situ) in catalyst slurry. Surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with pyridine show that in-situ addition of binder affects the textural properties, crystal phase of zirconia and the acidic properties of the resulting Pd/SZ catalyst respectively. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) indicated the presence of Pd+, Pd3+ and Zr3+ species in the binder-free and in situ alumina-incorporated Pd/SZ catalysts. Furthermore, steady-state activity tests on the modified dual-catalyst bed with the alumina-incorporated Pd/SZ exhibit the best performance amongst the other binder-incorporated catalysts in the dual-catalyst bed. In-situ incorporation of binder during sol-gel synthesis yielded catalysts with far superior catalytic activity for NOx reduction than conventional ex-situ binder addition to the catalyst slurry for wash-coating. Time-on-stream experiments show that the alumina-incorporated Pd/SZ catalyst maintains the hydrothermal stability of the binder-free Pd/SZ in the mixed bed. Several parameters such as pH of the binder-incorporated catalyst slurry and calcination temperature of the wash-coat have also been optimized to develop a catalytically active wash-coat and its adhesivity and uniformity were tested using ultrasonication, cyclic thermal shock and SEM imaging.
Unbound Phenytoin and Valproate Monitoring

All antiepileptic drug blood level determinations at the University of Virginia Medical Center were analyzed over a 13 month period.
Land use change in the Amazon rain forest favours generalist fungi

Author(s): Mueller, Rebecca C; Brendan J. M. Bohannan; Jorge L. M. Rodrigues; Klaus NA¼sslein | Abstract: Land use change is a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly within tropical ecosystems, but the responses of microbial communities remain poorly understood. We used longâterm plots established in multiple land use types in the Brazilian Amazon to examine the effect of land use change on soil fungal communities. We measured fungal richness and composition and identified factors associated with shifts in community composition across multiple land use types, including primary forest, two secondary forests and a chronosequence of differently aged pastures. Additionally, we used distribution patterns to estimate the niche breadth of fungal taxa in order to quantify changes in the relative abundance of generalists, or fungi with broad environmental tolerance, in response to land use change. Conversion of primary forest to pasture resulted in large reductions in fungal richness coupled with substantial changes in community composition. Generalist fungi were strongly favoured in all pasture sites, regardless of time since conversion. Distance to primary forests was the strongest correlate of community composition in pastures, indicating that primary forests can act as reservoirs for recolonization by forestâassociated fungi. The two secondary forests showed variable patterns of richness, composition and the overall abundance of generalist fungi, suggesting that community recovery is stochastic. Fungal community response to land use change mirrors patterns observed in macroscopic organisms, which indicates that the increased prevalence of generalist taxa is a consistent response to disturbance across broad taxonomic groups. A lay summary is available for this article.
A High-power High-frequency and Scalable Multi-megawatt Fuel-cell Inverter for Power Quality and Distributed Generation

Recent R&D in high-voltage and high-power SiC power semiconductor devices have enabled the possibility of a radical shift in the design of high-power inverters from one that is based primarily on line-frequency switching to one that operates between 10 to 20 kHz [1]. It is based on this ongoing advancement, we propose a 1-10 MW and 20 kHz inverter that is fed from a fuel-cell stack and delivers active and reactive power to a utility grid at 12.47 kV and 60 Hz. The inverter eliminates the need for bulky line-frequency transformer and reactive components and has less volume and lower cost. Further, owing to the modular structure of the inverter, it is scalable for higher power and higher voltage applications.
Examining strategic sustainability plans and smart-growth land-use measures in California cities

Given many potential obstacles, what types of strategic plans and measures for climate protection and/or energy sustainability are more likely than others to be adopted by cities? What are the key internal and external obstacles to adopting and implementing these plans and measures? Based on data obtained from a survey conducted from 2010 to 2011 and other sources, this paper develops a framework derived from political contracting theory and strategic orientation literature to examine how public management obstacles, socio-economic factors, and political factors influence a city's likelihood of having strategic energy sustainability plans and measures in place. Moreover, this paper finds that many California cities remain reluctant to require residents and businesses to comply with more challenging sustainability measures, such as smart-growth land-use practices, and that those cities with a strategic energy sustainability plan already in place tend to be more willing to adopt smart-growth land-use measures.
Rescue of cell death and inflammation of a mouse model of complex 1-mediated vision loss by repurposed drug molecules

Inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies, such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) are caused by mutant mitochondrial proteins that lead to defects in mitochondrial complex 1-driven ATP synthesis, and cause specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Complex 1 defects also occur in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), in which there is specific RGC loss. The treatment of mitochondrial optic neuropathy in the US is only supportive. The Ndufs4 knockout (Ndufs4 KO) mouse is a mitochondrial complex 1-deficient model that leads to RGC loss and rapid vision loss and allows for streamlined testing of potential therapeutics. Preceding RGC loss in the Ndufs4 KO is the loss of starburst amacrine cells, which may be an important target in the mechanism of complex 1-deficient vision loss. Papaverine and zolpidem were recently shown to be protective of bioenergetic loss in cell models of optic neuropathy. Treatment of Ndufs4 KO mice with papaverine, zolpidem, and rapamycin-suppressed inflammation, prevented cell death, and protected from vision loss. Thus, in the Ndufs4 KO mouse model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy, papaverine and zolpidem provided significant protection from multiple pathophysiological features, and as approved drugs in wide human use could be considered for the novel indication of human optic neuropathy.
Evaluating group activity schedules to promote social play in children with autism

Abstract We evaluated the effects of group activity schedules on social engagement among children with autism spectrum disorders. Although activity schedules are often applied to dyads, we assigned children to small groups (e.g., 3–4 children) to increase the number of available play partners and potential social validity of the intervention. We also compared the effects of group activity schedules with a similar intervention consisting exclusively of therapist-delivered prompts. Results indicated that activity schedules applied to small groups increased social engagement for 5 out of 5 children. On average, children who were exposed to group activity schedules engaged in higher levels of social engagement than children exposed to therapist prompts alone.
A Hierarchical Framework for Estimating the Performance of an Aerial Network

Dynamic networks such as airborne networks are characterized by fast changing topologies. Such networks require efficient strategies for estimating performance measures towards mission-specific objectives. Performance measures defined over a network will help choose optimal routes for information sharing between a pair of nodes.
How Platonic Are Schopenhauer’s Platonic Ideas?

This chapter focuses on three matters: Forms for “natural beings”; apprehending Forms in intuition; “access” to a Form via a single sensible particular. Considering them allows us to see why the following dichotomy is overly simplistic: either Schopenhauer, in invoking Platonic Ideas, is loyally following Plato, or he is disingenuous in turning to Plato at all.
NF-κB, an Evolutionarily Conserved Mediator of Immune and Inflammatory Responses

NF-κB is a family of structurally related and evolutionarily conserved transcription factors. There are five NF-κB proteins in mammals: RelAIp65, RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), and NF-κB2 (p52 and its precursor p100); and three in flies: Dorsal, Dif, and Relish. All NFκB proteins contain a N-terminal 300 amino acid re1 homology domain, which is responsible for DNA binding, dimerization, and interaction with the inhibitors of NF-κB, the IκB family proteins. RelA, RelB, c-Rel, Dorsal, and Dif have a transcription activation domain at their C-termini, where p100, p105, and Relish contain ankyrin repeats, signature structures of IκB proteins. NF-κB proteins form hetero- or homodimers and are retained in the cytoplasm by IκBs. There are five IκB proteins in mammals: IκBα, IκBβ, IκBγ, IκBe, and Bcl-3; and one IκB protein in fly: Cactus. 1κBα and IκBβ share a tripartite organization: an N-terminal domain that is phosphorylated in response to signals, a central ankyrin repeat domain, and a C-terminal PEST domain that is involved in the basal turnover of the protein. All other IκB proteins have central ankyrin repeat domain, but differ from IκBα and IκBβ at their N- and C- terminal domains. IκB proteins form complexes with NF-κB dimers, with ankyrin repeats in direct contact with re1 homology domains. This interaction is essential to keep NF-κB dimers in the cytoplasm, thus physically sequestrating them from their transcriptional target.
A Riemannian Corollary of Helly's Theorem

We introduce a notion of halfspace for Hadamard manifolds that is natural in the context of convex optimization. For this notion of halfspace, we generalize a classic result of Grunbaum, which itself is a corollary of Helly's theorem. Namely, given a probability distribution on the manifold, there is a point for which all halfspaces based at this point have at least $\frac{1}{n+1}$ of the mass. As an application, the gradient oracle complexity of convex optimization is polynomial in the parameters defining the problem.
CT Image Acquisition: from Single Slice to Multislice

In 1972, EMI introduced the first CT scanner into clinical practice. This unit was specifically engineered to image the brain. The total scan time was approximately 25 min, and produced five images displayed with an 80x80 matrix. These CT scanners, now referred to as conventional CT scanners, involve alternating patient exposure and patient translation (Brink 1995). In this scanner, the X-ray tube and the detector array move in a 360° circle around the stationary table and patient. Currently, it takes approximately 1 s to rotate the tube 360° around the patient and another second to move the patient to the next Z-axis position. Therefore, the scanning efficiency of this system is about 50% (Hu 1998). With conventional CT, a slice thickness and gap between slices are chosen. Furthermore, to increase Z-axis coverage, the slice collimation or interslice gap need to be increased with resultant loss of Z-axis resolution. While conventional CT revolutionized the way medicine was practiced, it is rapidly becoming obsolete.
Machine Meets Biology: a Primer on Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging.

An understanding of the basics concepts of deep learning can be helpful in not only understanding the potential applications of this technique but also in critically reviewing literature in which neural networks are utilized for analysis and modeling. The term “deep learning” has been applied to a subset of machine learning that utilizes a “neural network” and is often used interchangeably with “artificial intelligence.” It has been increasingly utilized in healthcare for computational “learning”, especially for pattern recognition for diagnostic imaging. Another promising application is the potential for these neural networks to improve the accuracy in the identification of patients who are at risk for cardiovascular events and could benefit most from preventive treatment in comparison with more conventional statistical techniques. The importance of such tailored cardiovascular risk assessment and disease management in individual patients is far reaching given that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Nearly half of myocardial infarctions and strokes occur in patients who are not predicted to be at risk for cardiovascular events by current guideline-based approaches. Equally important are individuals who are not at risk for cardiovascular events and yet are given expensive and unnecessary preventive treatment with potential untoward side effects. The application of powerful artificial intelligence/deep learning tools in medicine is likely to result in more effective and efficient health care delivery with the potential for significant cost savings by shifting preventative treatment from inappropriate to appropriate patient subgroups.
Translation of basic research in cognitive science to HIV-risk: a randomized controlled trial.

Many people enrolled in drug diversion programs are not receiving evidence-based prevention for HIV or hepatitis. This study translated basic research from cognitive science to increase screening for infection and condom use in this population. A parallel three-condition randomized trial was conducted in a drug diversion sample (N = 358), comparing a memory practice condition with two active control conditions. Outcomes were condom use frequency and testing for infection (hepatitis B/C, HIV). At 3-month follow-up, participants in the memory practice condition were at least twice as likely (OR = 2.10 or greater, p < .01) to self-report testing compared to those in the control conditions and also reported more frequent condom use compared to a health education condition [B = .37, t(1) = 2.02, p = .02]. Basic research on memory can be effectively translated to brief interventions on infection screening and risk prevention in existing drug diversion programs.
Gait Analysis of Quadruped Robot Using the Equivalent Mechanism Concept Based on Metamorphosis

The previous research regarding the gait planning of quadruped robot focuses on the sequence for lifting off and placing the feet, but neglects the influence of body height. However, body height affects gait performance significantly, such as in terms of the stride length and stability margin. We herein study the performance of a quadruped robot using the equivalent mechanism concept based on metamorphosis. Assuming the constraints between standing feet and the ground with hinges, the ground, standing legs and robot body are considered as a parallel mechanism, and each swing leg is regarded as a typical serial manipulator. The equivalent mechanism varies while the robot moves on the ground. One gait cycle is divided into several periods, including step forward stages and switching stages. There exists a specific equivalent mechanism corresponding to each gait period. The robot’s locomotion can be regarded as the motion of these series of equivalent mechanisms. The kinematics model and simplified model of the equivalent mechanism is established. A new definition of the multilegged robot stability margin, based on friction coefficient, is presented to evaluate the robot stability. The stable workspaces of the equivalent mechanism in the step forward stage of trotting gait under different friction coefficients are analyzed. The stride length of the robots is presented by analyzing the relationship between the stable workspaces of the equivalent mechanisms of two adjacent step forward stages in one gait cycle. The simulation results show that the stride length is larger with increasing friction coefficient. We herein propose a new method based on metamorphosis, and an equivalent mechanism to analyze the stability margin and stable workspace of the multilegged robot.
2-Local Hamiltonian with Low Complexity is QCMA.

We prove that 2-Local Hamiltonian (2-LH) with Low Complexity problem is QCMA-complete by combining the results from the QMA-completeness[4] of 2-LH and QCMA-completeness of 3-LH with Low Complexity[6]. The idea is straightforward. It has been known that 2-LH is QMA-complete. By putting a low complexity constraint on the input state, we make the problem QCMA. Finally, we use similar arguments as in [4] to show that all QCMA problems can be reduced to our proposed problem.
One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants.

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1,2 of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
Low-grade Osteosarcomatous Dedifferentiation of an Atypical Lipomatous Tumor in a Pediatric Patient:

Atypical and malignant lipomatous tumors are infrequent in the pediatric population. Within this uncommon cohort, the morphologically and genetically related spectrum of atypical lipomatous tumor/w...
Alterations in sleep, sleep spindle, and EEG power in mGluR5 knockout mice.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) knockout (KO) mice show several translationally relevant abnormalities in neural oscillatory activity associated with schizophrenia. These include de...
Variable Temperature and Pressure Operando MAS NMR for Catalysis Science and Related Materials

The characterization of catalytic materials under working conditions is of paramount importance for a realistic depiction and comprehensive understanding of the system. Under such relevant environments, catalysts often exhibit properties or reactivity not observed under standard spectroscopic conditions. Fulfilling such harsh environments as high temperature and pressure is a particular challenge for solid-state NMR where samples spin several thousand times a second within a strong magnetic field. To address concerns about the disparities between spectroscopic environments and operando conditions, novel MAS NMR technology has been developed that enables the probing of catalytic systems over a wide range of pressures, temperatures, and chemical environments. In this Account, new efforts to overcome the technical challenges in the development of operando and in situ MAS NMR will be briefly outlined. Emphasis will be placed on exploring the unique chemical regimes that take advantage of the new developments. With the progress achieved, it is possible to interrogate both structure and dynamics of the environments surrounding various nuclear constituents (1H, 13C, 23Na, 27Al, etc.), as well as assess time-resolved interactions and transformations.Operando and in situ NMR enables the direct observation of chemical components and their interactions with active sites (such as Bronsted acid sites on zeolites) to reveal the nature of the active center under catalytic conditions. Further, mixtures of such constituents can also be assessed to reveal the transformation of the active site when side products, such as water, are generated. These interactions are observed across a range of temperatures (-10 to 230 °C) and pressures (vacuum to 100 bar) for both vapor and condensed phase analysis. When coupled with 2D NMR, computational modeling, or both, specific binding modes are identified where the adsorbed state provides distinct signatures. In addition to vapor phase chemical environments, gaseous environments can be introduced and controlled over a wide range of pressures to support catalytic studies that require H2, CO, CO2, etc. Mixtures of three phases may also be employed. Such reactions can be monitored in situ to reveal the transformation of the substrates, active sites, intermediates, and products over the course of the study. Further, coupling of operando NMR with isotopic labeling schemes reveals specific mechanistic insights otherwise unavailable. Examples of these strategies will be outlined to reveal important fundamental insights on working catalyst systems possible only under operando conditions. Extension of operando MAS NMR to study the solid-electrolyte interface and solvation structures associated with energy storage systems and biomedical systems will also be presented to highlight the versatility of this powerful technique.
Fungal community assembly in drought-stressed sorghum shows stochasticity, selection, and universal ecological dynamics

Community assembly of crop-associated fungi is thought to be strongly influenced by deterministic selection exerted by the plant host, rather than stochastic processes. Here we use a simple, sorghum system with abundant sampling to show that stochastic forces (drift or stochastic dispersal) act on fungal community assembly in leaves and roots early in host development and when sorghum is drought stressed, conditions when mycobiomes are small. Unexpectedly, we find no signal for stochasticity when drought stress is relieved, likely due to renewed selection by the host. In our experimental system, the host compartment exerts the strongest effects on mycobiome assembly, followed by the timing of plant development and lastly by plant genotype. Using a dissimilarity-overlap approach, we find a universality in the forces of community assembly of the mycobiomes of the different sorghum compartments and in functional guilds of fungi.
Bioelectronic Neural Implants

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss the fundamentals required for understanding the field of bioelectronics devices. We provide an overview of specific technologies, applications, and failure modes for existing and emerging approaches. Biomaterials-based strategies are a key to helping to solve some of the major problems in the field: chronic stability, biological tissue response and biocompatibility, and commercialization potential. The chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive and exhaustive list of all the latest technical developments as the field is rapidly changing. The intended reader is instead the new biomaterials-focused undergraduate or early graduate student interested in gaining an appreciation of the high level technical and physiological considerations in neural bioelectronic interfacing.
Race in Rhinology Clinical Trials: A Decade of Disparity

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study is to assess the ethnic and racial demographics of patients enrolled in prospective chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) studies relative to the corresponding geographic demographics of the United States (U.S.) census data. STUDY DESIGN Systematic Review and Population analysis. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify CRS clinical trials, conducted in the U.S. and published between 2010 and 2020 in which patients were prospectively enrolled. Pooled racial and ethnicity data were compared to national and corresponding regional census data. RESULTS Eighty-three studies were included, comprising 12,027 patients. 50.4% were male and the average age was 49.2 years. 8,810 patients underwent a surgical procedure. Of the 12,027 patients, 81.67% were identified as White, 5.35% as Black, 1.27% as Asian, 0.02% as Pacific Islander, 0.12% as American Indian, and 11.57% were classified as Other. The racial and ethnic composition of the pooled study population differs significantly from the national U.S. census data with the underrepresentation of each minority population (P ≤ .0002). Regional sub-analyses yield variable results. In the Northeast and West, there was an underrepresentation of all minority populations. In the South and Midwest, Black enrollment was similar to the U.S. census data, while all other minorities were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS The racial and ethnic composition of patients enrolled in prospective CRS clinical trials differs significantly from the demographics of the U.S. POPULATION The generalizability and external validity of findings derived from studies comprised of demographically mismatched populations has not been established. Future efforts to enroll more representative populations should be emphasized by the research community, funding bodies, and editorial boards. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:1722-1728, 2021.
A comparative study of burst failure models for assessing remaining strength of corroded pipelines

Abstract This paper performs a comparative study of remaining strength assessment models for corroded pipelines. A brief review of burst prediction models is first given for defect-free pipes, including strength solutions and flow solutions of burst pressure and experimental validations. Followed is a review of corrosion assessment models that are categorized into three generations in terms of the reference stress used in each model. Those corrosion models are then evaluated in comparison to full-scale burst data, with a focus on validating the newly proposed third-generation models. Next, recent progresses are discussed, including the PRCI corrosion assessment projects, constraint effect, bulging factor and defect width effect. Major technical challenges facing the corrosion model improvement are finally discussed with regards to full-scale tests, numerical modeling, material failure criteria, and real corrosion defects.
Palliative Care for Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 Infection.

Background:Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) face high morbidity and mortality. Palliative care consultation may benefit these patients a...
Economic Opportunity & Resilience: Opportunity Zones & Equity

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provided the most comprehensive update to the tax code in two decades. Born of it was the federal opportunity zone legislation that facilitates economic development in historically distressed areas by offering tax incentives. But does this “catalyst of economic growth” provide the needed relief and opportunity to the communities which it’s aimed to serve? This piece is an analysis of opportunity zones—the good, the bad, and the yet to be defined and their effect on actually curbing (or accelerating) gentrification. By considering the TCJA in general, this work evaluates stipulations regarding “Opportunity Zones,” and the concept of geographically-targeted tax policy. First, an analogization of supply-side tax policy and place-based incentivization programs; following the analysis of supply-side economics and its influence on a rising inequality; and a two-fold assessment of the factors most germane to this analysis: a historical overview of the ideological, legislative, and social factors most pivotal to the passage of TCJA, reforms are shown to have culminated not only in sky-high levels of wealth and income inequality in the U.S., but also an increasing distance and isolation between the wealthy ‘investor class’ targeted by ‘Opportunity Zone’ legislation, and the economically-distressed communities which such tax-based legislative incentives were designed to bring relief. Notably, this work will consider the impact of such legislation upon poor areas, both in terms of the apparent impact it has had upon local development and with respect to the phenomenon known as gentrification. After examining the shortfalls of the legislation, this paper offers recommendations on a robust, comprehensive response toward equitable growth for the communities intended to be served.
Prior Neurosurgery Decreases fMRI Estimates of Language Laterality in Patients with Gliomas within Anterior Language Sites.

The impact of previous surgery on the assessment of language dominance with preoperative fMRI remains inconclusive in patients with recurrent brain tumors. Samples in this retrospective study included 17 patients with prior brain surgery and 21 patients without prior surgery (38 patients total; mean age 43.2, SD = 11.9; 18 females; seven left-handed). All the patients were left language dominant, as determined clinically. The two samples were matched on 10 known confounds, including, for example, tumor laterality and location (all tumors affected Brodmann areas 44/45/47). We calculated fMRI language dominance with laterality indices using a whole-brain and region of interest approach (ROI; Broca’s and Wernicke’s area). Patients with prior surgery had decreased fMRI language dominance (p = 0.03) with more activity in the right hemisphere (p = 0.03) than patients without surgery. Patients with prior brain surgery did not display less language activity in the left hemisphere than patients without surgery. These results were replicated using an ROI approach in the affected Broca’s area. Further, we observed no differences between our samples in the unaffected Wernicke’s area. In sum, prior brain surgery affecting Broca’s area could be a confounding factor that needs to be considered when evaluating fMRI language dominance.
Sub-antral volumetric variation after a modified trephine sinus elevation approach: An 8-month prospective study

Aim To overcome vertical deficiency of atrophic posterior maxilla, sinus floor elevation has been used for several decades either through a transcrestal or a lateral approach. In 1999, Fugazzotto et al. described a modified trephine/osteotome technique for sinus floor augmentation at the time of maxillary molar extraction without implant placement. A trephine was used to create a bone core in the middle of the extraction site and was gently malleted apically. In 2002, Fugazzotto et al. used the same principle to place dental implants in healed maxillary molars sites with limited residual height (RH). This procedure demonstrated a 98.3% implant survival rate at 4 years but lacked radiographic information. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the modified trephine/osteotome sinus elevation with implant placement, using a clinical and a radiographic cone beam evaluation. Materials and methods Twenty-one implants were placed in premolar and molar sites with 3≤ RH ≤6mm using the modified trephine/osteotome sinus elevation approach and were evaluated clinically and radiographically at baseline (T1), 3 (T3) and 8 (T8) months. Results Implant survival was 100% at 8 months. Sub-antral volumetric bone gain between T1 and T8 was 20.34%. Linear bone gain was 2.1 ± 1.1 mm buccally; 2.0 ± 1.4 mm palatally; 2.5 ± 1.6 mm mesially; and 1.5 ± 1.5 mm distally. Mean linear bone gain was 2.0±1.1 mm calculated on the CBCT. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) at T1 was 66.378±7.931, and 67.921±14.369 at T3 without a statistically significant difference between the two measurements. Residual height was positively correlated to vestibular, palatal, and mesial bone gain. Signs of Schneiderian membrane tearing were noticeable in one case. Conclusion This study demonstrated that sufficient subantral bone formation can be obtained with the modified trephine/osteotome technique with high implant survival rate and low post-operative morbidity.
A (terse) introduction to linear algebra

Vector spaces Linear operators and matrices Duality of vector spaces Determinants Invariant subspaces Operators on inner-product spaces Structure theorems Additional topics Appendix Index Symbols.
IV. Mehrere Freiheitsgrade

Wenn die Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade groser als zwei wird, treten gegenuber dem vorigen Kapitel keine wesentlichen neuen Gesichtspunkte auf. Man erhalt so viele Eigenfrequenzen und so viele Bewegungsformen wie Freiheitsgrade vorhanden sind,. Der allgemeine Rechnungsgang soll in den nachsten Abschnitten fur ein System mit drei Freiheitsgraden besprochen werden. Fur vier oder mehr Freiheitsgrade verlaufen die Rechnungen ebenso.
Effect of tracking error on DS/CDMA successive interference cancellation

Since the optimal DS/CDMA multiuser detector is too complex, much work is being done in order to see whether a practical version is feasible. Among the issues that need to be addressed are departures from ideal assumptions that may affect the performance. The authors derive results for the performance degradation that a successive interference cancellation scheme experiences due to synchronization tracking error. Results are displayed as a function of the synchronization tracking error, normalized to the chip duration. It is shown that the interference canceller still retains a performance advantage over the conventional detector.
Bifunctional nature of SnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in the selective reduction of NOx

Abstract In lean NO x reduction by C 3 H 6 over SnO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , both SnO 2 and Al 2 O 3 participate in the reaction. C 3 H 6 is activated on SnO 2 active sites to form oxygenated intermediates such as acrolein and acetaldehyde. The oxygenates subsequently react with NO x on Al 2 O 3 to yield N 2 .
Physics‐based forecasts of equatorial radio scintillation for the Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS)

[1] The plans for producing long-term (6–24 hour) forecasts of equatorial plasma structure and radio scintillation for the Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) program are described. We discuss the calculations and computer models required to represent the physics of the phenomena pertinent to the C/NOFS mission. We describe the means by which the models will be integrated into a system that ingests satellite data and provides forecast maps. The plans for validation of the calculations are outlined briefly, with a few sample results.
Effect of daylight projection of film loops on learning badminton.

Abstract This study was made to ascertain the value of the new loop film projection equipment as a supplemental aid in teaching sports skills. Sixty male college undergraduate students were taught badminton in classes that met three times per week for 10 weeks. Two of the four classes had their instruction supplemented by viewing homemade loop films of the seven basic badminton strokes and loops showing singles and doubles play. The loops were placed in and projected by the new equipment produced by the Technicolor Corporation. The class members were required to view the films on two separate occasions during each class meeting of the 2nd through the 5th weeks. During the 7th and 8th weeks, the viewing was required of only those students who displayed a pronounced skill deficiency. Otherwise viewing was voluntary. Playing ability was determined by administering a battery of three separate skill tests during the 1st, 6th, and 10th weeks of the term. The midterm testing revealed that the experimental group ...
Accuracy of Patient-reported Adherence to Glaucoma Medications on a Visual Analog Scale Compared With Electronic Monitors

Abstract Purpose Glaucoma medications can improve clinical outcomes when patients adhere to their medication regimen. Providers often ask patients with glaucoma to self-report their adherence, but the accuracy of self-reporting has received little scientific attention. The purpose of this article was to compare a self-reported medication adherence measure with adherence data collected from Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS) electronic monitors. An additional goal was to identify which patient characteristics were associated with overreporting adherence on the self-reported measure. Methods English-speaking adult patients with glaucoma were recruited from 6 ophthalmology practices for this observational cohort study. Patients were interviewed after their initial visit and were given MEMS contains, which recorded adherence over a 60-day period. MEMS percent adherence measured the percentage of the prescribed number of doses taken. MEMS-measured timing adherence assessed the percent doses taken on time. Patients self-reported adherence to their glaucoma medications on a visual analog scale (VAS) ~60 days after the baseline visit. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Self-reported medication adherence on the VAS was plotted against MEMS adherence to illustrate the discrepancy between self-reported and electronically monitored adherence. Findings The analyses included 240 patients who returned their MEMS containers and self-reported medication adherence at the 60-day follow-up visit. Compared with MEMS-measured percent adherence, 31% of patients (n = 75) overestimated their adherence on the VAS. Compared with MEMS-measured timing adherence, 74% (n = 177) of patients overestimated their adherence. For the MEMS-measured percent adherence, logistic regression revealed that patients who were newly prescribed glaucoma medications were significantly more likely to overreport adherence on the VAS (odds ratio, 3.07 [95% CI, 1.22–7.75]). For the MEMS-measured timing adherence, being male (χ 2 test, 6.78; P = 0.009) and being prescribed glaucoma medications dosed multiple times daily (χ 2 test, 4.02; P = 0.045) were significantly associated with patients overreporting adherence. However, only male sex remained a significant predictor of overreporting adherence in the logistic regression (odds ratio, 4.05 [95% CI, 1.73–9.47]). Implications Many patients with glaucoma, especially those newly diagnosed, overestimated their medication adherence. Because patients were likely to overreport the percent doses taken and timing adherence, providers may want to ask patients additional questions about when they take their glaucoma medications to potentially detect issues with taking these medications on time.
Voice-printing the Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)

A database of voice-prints for individual Hermit Thrush birds was developed and used to acoustically identify them from one breeding season to the other. A method was used to obtain audio recordings from birds in the most non-intrusive way possible. Birds that were located near roads or park trails were recorded and no birds were branded, marked, stalked, or flushed out of hiding. All the audio recordings were made using Sony digital video camera recorders and the sampling rate was 48 kHz with 16 bit quantization. The camera was pointed in the direction of the sound source when the bird was not visible. Audio files in 'wav' format were extracted from Digital 8 and Mini DV video cassettes were used by the DCR-TRV525 and DCR-VX2100 cameras. Spectral analysis was carried out using the Raven 1.2.1 interactive sound analysis software. It was found that a Hermit Thrush song began with an introductory note, followed by a series of flute-like body notes.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CKS1 gene, a homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe suc1+ gene, encodes a subunit of the Cdc28 protein kinase complex.

Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene CDC28 encodes a protein kinase required for cell cycle initiation. In an attempt to identify genes encoding proteins that interact with the Cdc28 protein kinase, high-copy plasmid suppressors of a temperature-sensitive cdc28 mutation were isolated. One such suppressor, CKS1, was found to encode an 18-kilodalton protein that shared a high degree of homology with the suc1+ protein (p13) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (67% amino acid sequence identity). Disruption of the chromosomal CKS1 gene conferred a G1 arrest phenotype similar to that of cdc28 mutants. The presence of the 18-kilodalton Cks1 protein in yeast lysates was demonstrated by using Cks-1 specific antiserum. Furthermore, the Cks1 protein was shown to be physically associated with active forms of the Cdc28 protein kinase. These data suggest that Cks1 is an essential component of the Cdc28 protein kinase complex.