cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regionally restricted expression of the transcription factor c-myc intron 1 binding protein during brain development.

Transcription factors regulate proliferation, differentiation, and regionalization of the central nervous system. In a screen of developing cerebral cortex, we identified the transcription factor c-myc intron 1 binding protein (mibp1) due to its abundant expression. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mibp1 mRNA in developing mouse brain to address the putative role of this transcription factor in neural differentiation. Northern hybridization studies revealed that mibp1 is expressed first in the mouse dorsal telencephalon at embryonic day (E) 14.5, during peak neuronal production. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that mibp1 expression in the cerebral wall is most abundant in postmitotic cells of the cortical plate and absent from proliferative zones. Moreover, mibp1 is restricted to dorsal telencephalon during embryogenesis with expression only in the cerebral wall, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. N-myc, a potential target of mibp1 regulation, exhibited complementary, nonoverlapping expression patterns in the telencephalon with greatest expression in proliferating cells of the ventricular zone from E12.5 to E14.5; N-myc was absent from the telencephalon by E15.5. The specificity and timing of mibp1 expression in the cerebral cortex suggests a role in maintaining a state of neuronal differentiation in the dorsal telencephalon. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:581–592, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Statistical Inferences from Formaldehyde DNA–Protein Cross-Link Data: Improving Methods for Characterization of Uncertainty

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has reached considerable sophistication in its application to pharmacological and environmental health problems. Yet, mature methodologies for making statistical inferences have not been routinely incorporated in these applications except in a few data-rich cases. This paper demonstrates how improved statistical inference on estimated model parameters from both frequentist and Bayesian points of view can be routinely carried out. We work with a previously developed PBPK model for the formation and disposition of DNA-protein cross-links formed by inhaled formaldehyde in the nasal lining of rats and rhesus monkeys. We purposefully choose this model because it is based on sparse time-course data.
Partial Characterization of an Adenovirus-Like Virus Isolated from Broiler Chickens with Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis

Abstract Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) was experimentally reproduced in specific-pathogen-free chickens using a homogenate of proventricular tissue obtained from TVP-affected commercial broiler chickens. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed intranuclear, approximately 70-nanometer (nm), adenovirus-like viruses (AdLV) within proventricular lesions. The AdLV, designated AdLV (R11/3), could not be propagated using various avian and mammalian cell cultures or by inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs by yolk, allantoic, or chorioallantoic membrane routes. However, AdLV (R11/3) was successfully propagated by amniotic inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs, with detection of the virus in proventriculi and intestinal contents of hatched 2-day-old chicks (8 days postinoculation). Virus propagation was evident in in ovo–inoculated chicks by 1) gross and microscopic lesions in proventriculi consistent with TVP, 2) immunohistochemical localization of AdLV (R11/3) antigens in proventricular epithe...
Arabic Terminology Extraction and Enrichment Based on Domain-Specific Text Mining

Information Retrieval (IR) involves several disciplines to improve the search quality. In this paper, we focus on terminology extraction which includes critical tasks especially for highly ambiguous languages like Arabic. Properly retrieving a list of relevant terms for a given domain and enrich it is a persistent problem. Therefore, and in order to improve the coverage of terminology extraction and enrichment, we must strengthen our research by text-mining technologies based on well-founded methods. In this article, we present a new Arabic terminology extraction and enrichment approach which exploits the corpus structure as a first step to extract a minimal terminology and uses text-mining techniques to enrich it in a second step.
Robust UHD video transmission using MMT FireFort-LDGM code

This paper introduces a FireFort-LDGM (FF-LDGM) code that is part of ISO/IEC 23008-10 (MMT AL-FEC codes) and its application to robust Ultra High Definition (UHD) video transmission. It is especially useful for UHD real-time video streaming because that it can easily handle contiguous streams containing over several thousand packets. Simulation results show its high error recovery performance with low-complexity. We also show a robust UHD video transmission scheme that uses the FF-LDGM code and its feasibility via 8K Super High-Vision live streaming over global shared IP networks at FIFA World Cup 2014 Brazil.
Magmatic sulfur compounds and sulfur diffusion in albite melt at 1 GPa and 1300-1500 degrees C

The speciation and diffusion of sulfur in nominally dry albite melt at 1300-1500 degrees C has been investigated by analyzing glasses formed in piston-cylinder runs using electron microprobe, micro-Raman, infrared-, UV-, and visible-light-spectroscopy, and other techniques. The sulfate ion is very stable in the albite melt even at low f O2 and is the dominant species in all glasses. In the presence of graphite the glass acquired a characteristic strong violet color, as a consequence of conversion of some of the sulfate to S 2 (super -) and S 3 (super -) radical anions. The equilibration between S 2 (super -) and S 3 (super -) was rapid and both radicals were found to be very stable at elevated temperatures. Both S 2 (super -) , S 3 (super -) , and sulfide diffuse faster then the sulfate anion, so these species will control the diffusion process when present. In violet-colored albite glass in which some of the sulfur is S 2 (super -) and S 3 (super -) , the diffusion coefficient for bulk sulfur diffusion was found to be: D = 14.7 exp(-458100 J.mol (super -1) /RT)m 2 /s where T is the temperature in K and R the gas constant. This relation defines D values significantly lower than those determined for sulfur in dry andesite, dacite, and rhyolite melt, in which the diffusion is controlled by sulfide. The reason for this difference is the higher degree of melt polymerization, the stabilization of sulfate over sulfide in the albite melt, and the slow diffusion of S 2 (super -) and S 3 (super -) radical anions compared to sulfide.
Are vacations good for your health? The 9-year mortality experience after the multiple risk factor intervention trial.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the risk for various causes of posttrial death associated with vacation frequency during the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Methods Middle-aged men at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) were recruited for the MRFIT. As part of the questionnaires administered during the first five annual visits, men were asked whether they had had a vacation during the past year. For trial survivors (N = 12,338), the frequency of these annual vacations during the trial were used in a prospective analysis of posttrial all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the 9-year follow-up period. Results The relative risk (RR) associated with more annual vacations during the trial was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.97) for all-cause mortality during the 9-year follow-up period. For cause of death, the RRs were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.58-0.89) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.78-1.23) for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes, respectively. The RR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.88) for CHD (including acute myocardial infarction). These associations remained when statistical adjustments were made for possible confounding variables, including baseline characteristics (eg, income), MRFIT group assignment, and occurrence of a nonfatal cardiovascular event during the trial. Conclusions The frequency of annual vacations by middle-aged men at high risk for CHD is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and, more specifically, mortality attributed to CHD. Vacationing may be good for your health.
Chemiluminescence of Alcaptonuric Urines.

SummaryAlcaptonuric urines, as well as solutions of homo-gentisic acid or lead homogentisate, give off light when made alkaline and shaken with air.
Urine Sample Preparation in 96-Well Filter Plates for Quantitative Clinical Proteomics

Urine is an important, noninvasively collected body fluid source for the diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based shotgun proteomics has evolved as a sensitive and informative technique to discover candidate disease biomarkers from urine specimens. Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) generates peptide samples from protein mixtures of cell lysate or body fluid origin. Here, we describe a FASP method adapted to 96-well filter plates, named 96FASP. Soluble urine concentrates containing ∼10 μg of total protein were processed by 96FASP and LC-MS resulting in 700–900 protein identifications at a 1% false discovery rate (FDR). The experimental repeatability, as assessed by label-free quantification and Pearson correlation analysis for shared proteins among replicates, was high (R ≥ 0.97). Application to urinary pellet lysates which is of particular interest in the context of urinary tract infection analysis was also demonstrated. On average, 1700 protein...
Design of a Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft to Maximize Market Disruption

A method is developed for quantifying the possible market share disruption caused by the entry of a new aircraft into the commercial air transportation market. Disruption is a phenomena in which a new product enters the market and rapidly captures market share from existing products by introducing higher performance that satisfies customers needs. The quantified disruption potential was then used as the objective in the optimization of a small, single-pilot class commercial passenger transport aircraft. This led to aircraft designs with disruptive performance is some aspects of design and competitive performance in others, which historical trends indicate is critical to long term market diffusion and success. The configuration selected for study was the hybrid wing body aircraft due to the large opportunity space (albeit small disjointed feasible space) for multi-disciplinary design optimization. Since the market analysis required for quantification of relative performance of different aircraft is inherently non-smooth, heuristic optimization methods were selected and the analysis was based on a single objective and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Optimization results for the short haul market considered, showed a bias for increased cruise Mach past the high subsonic regime, high fuel efficiency and increased ranges to increase the time spent in more efficient cruise but with limits on fuel volume as the small aircraft scale. The optimal disruptive design for the short range market had a design range of 2000 nautical miles and maximized efficiency and cruise Mach to bound limit of 0.65. The design resulted in a high disruptive potential for capturing market share from slower turboprop aircraft but lower potential for capturing larger, faster, jet powered aircraft.
Ventricular pump performance during hypocalcemia: clinical and experimental studies.

We have compared indices of ventricular function during rapid transfusion of citrated (1.5 ml/kg/min) or heparinized (1.5 ml/kg/min) autologous blood in six patients following discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Infusion of citrated blood was associated with a lowering of plasma ionized calcium concentration ([Ca++], from 0.90 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.4 mM, p
Replication Initiation in Bacteria

The initiation of chromosomal DNA replication starts at a replication origin, which in bacteria is a discrete locus that contains DNA sequence motifs recognized by an initiator protein whose role is to assemble the replication fork machinery at this site. In bacteria with a single chromosome, DnaA is the initiator and is highly conserved in all bacteria. As an adenine nucleotide binding protein, DnaA bound to ATP is active in the assembly of a DnaA oligomer onto these sites. Other proteins modulate DnaA oligomerization via their interaction with the N-terminal region of DnaA. Following the DnaA-dependent unwinding of an AT-rich region within the replication origin, DnaA then mediates the binding of DnaB, the replicative DNA helicase, in a complex with DnaC to form an intermediate named the prepriming complex. In the formation of this intermediate, the helicase is loaded onto the unwound region within the replication origin. As DnaC bound to DnaB inhibits its activity as a DNA helicase, DnaC must dissociate to activate DnaB. Apparently, the interaction of DnaB with primase (DnaG) and primer formation leads to the release of DnaC from DnaB, which is coordinated with or followed by translocation of DnaB to the junction of the replication fork. There, DnaB is able to coordinate its activity as a DNA helicase with the cellular replicase, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, which uses the primers made by primase for leading strand DNA synthesis.
A molecular determinant of phosphoinositide affinity in mammalian TRPV channels

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is an important cofactor for ion channels. Affinity for this lipid is a major determinant of channel inhibition by depletion of PI(4,5)P2 upon phospholipase C (PLC) activation. Little is known about what determines PI(4,5)P2 affinity in mammalian ion channels. Here we report that two members of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) ion channel family, TRPV5 and TRPV6 lack a positively charged residue in the TM4-TM5 loop that was shown to interact with PI(4,5)P2 in TRPV1, which shows high affinity for this lipid. When this positively charged residue was introduced to either TRPV6 or TRPV5, they displayed markedly higher affinities for PI(4,5)P2, and were largely resistant to inhibition by PI(4,5)P2 depletion. Furthermore, Ca2+-induced inactivation of TRPV6 was essentially eliminated in the G488R mutant, showing the importance of PLC-mediated PI(4,5)P2 depletion in this process. Computational modeling shows that the introduced positive charge interacts with PI(4,5)P2 in TRPV6.
Marking time in ethnography: Uncovering temporal dispositions

In this paper, we reflect on how time is appraised, organized, and managed by a group of researchers conducting an ethnography of 12 low-income families. We develop the concept of temporal disposit...
Determining the energetic and informational components of speech-on-speech masking

Identification of target speech was studied under masked conditions consisting of two or four independent speech maskers. In the reference conditions, the maskers were colocated with the target, the masker talkers were the same sex as the target, and the masker speech was intelligible. The comparison conditions, intended to provide release from masking, included different-sex target and masker talkers, time-reversal of the masker speech, and spatial separation of the maskers from the target. Significant release from masking was found for all comparison conditions. To determine whether these reductions in masking could be attributed to differences in energetic masking, ideal time-frequency segregation (ITFS) processing was applied so that the time-frequency units where the masker energy dominated the target energy were removed. The remaining target-dominated “glimpses” were reassembled as the stimulus. Speech reception thresholds measured using these resynthesized ITFS-processed stimuli were the same for the reference and comparison conditions supporting the conclusion that the amount of energetic masking across conditions was the same. These results indicated that the large release from masking found under all comparison conditions was due primarily to a reduction in informational masking. Furthermore, the large individual differences observed generally were correlated across the three masking release conditions.
HELLP syndrome: a diagnostic conundrum with severe complications

The HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome is believed to be part of the spectrum of pre-eclampsia, which falls within the category of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Maternal and fetal complications are more severe in HELLP as opposed to pre-eclampsia alone. We describe a 26-year-old primigravida woman with no medical history who presents with signs of HELLP with marked transaminitis and mild disseminated intravascular coagulation at 35 weeks of gestation who required emergent delivery of the fetus; the patient also sustained acute kidney injury requiring continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration and a prolonged intensive care unit admission. Remarkably, with supportive care, all laboratory derangements, including renal function, normalised after 4 weeks. We discuss the diagnostic conundrum when faced with the possible diagnosis of HELLP in discriminating from its many imitators in order to assume proper treatment.
Aerodynamic load maps of bluff bodies: Measurement and diagnostics

Bluff bodies may assume arbitrary attitudes in a flow, causing aerodynamic loads that are sensitive to attitude. The Continuous rotation technique obtains 6-component loads on bluff bodies with 1-degree azimuth resolution about selected axes at a rate of 1 revolution per minute. The load coefficient variation is Fourier transformed and the resulting complex series is truncated in order to obtain rapidly computable, analytical formulae. The method is applied to bluff body shapes including cylinders, a cuboid, a flat plate and a porous box. A cylinder whose length is equal to its diameter, is used to show that rate effects, hysteresis, vortex shedding and other unsteady aerodynamic phenomena are negligible below 10 revolutions per minute. Approaches to generalize the aerodynamic loads on yawed finite cylinders of various aspect ratio are studied. The reasons for differences in aerodynamic load behavior between 2 cylinder models, are analyzed. To complement experiments, the ROTCFD unsteady Navier Stokes code is used to perform diagnostic computations. Methods to generalize the predictions are explored. Maps of the leading coefficients of the Fourier series of each load component over the aspect ratios space, are interpolated. The interpolation varies sharply for aspect ratios between 0.5 to 1. The variation is more gradual beyond aspect ratio 2. By aspect ratio 4, a ‘high aspect ratio’ limit appears to be reached.
First-in-Human Experience With Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implantation During Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement.

Valvular disease is common in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Concomitant valve surgery increases procedural complexity and cardiopulmonary bypass time and may lead to worse outcomes.1 Although mitral regurgitation is the most common mitral valve dysfunction in patients undergoing LVAD implantation, mitral stenosis (MS) is occasionally encountered. MS can lead to restricted LVAD flow; therefore, mitral valve replacement is considered to be reasonable in patients with hemodynamically significant MS undergoing LVAD implantation. We describe a successful transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) via a transapical approach with concomitant LVAD implantation in a patient with bioprosthetic MS. Our patient is a 67-year-old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy, stage D heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and left ventricular ejection fraction 15%. He had prior 6-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement (Medtronic Mosaic porcine mitral valve, 29-mm size) for severe mitral regurgitation, and a modified endoventricular circular patch plasty (Dor procedure) for left ventricular aneurysm repair. He had cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator therapy and was paced 99% but remained symptomatic with low output symptoms, as confirmed by hemodynamic assessment. By the time of referral to our institution, he had been hospitalized multiple times in the preceding 6 months with acutely decompensated heart failure, severe ascites, and malnutrition and was maintained on home inotropic therapy with Milrinone at …
Inhibition of GSK-3 Induces Apoptosis of CLL Cells by Abrogating NFkB Nuclear Activity.

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents one of the most common hematological malignancies and is characterized by the expansion of a clonal B cell population. Commonly, CLL is defined as a disease of failed apoptosis of the leukemic B cells, and it is this feature that makes them refractory to common chemotherapeutic agents designed to kill CLL cells. The mechanism controlling apoptosis in CLL is complex and influenced by numerous factors, including NFkB-mediated expression of antiapoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and XIAP. We recently demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) b positively regulates NFkB-mediated gene transcription and cell survival in pancreatic cancer cells (Cancer Research 2005. 65:2076). Similar to pancreatic cancer, we have found that pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 results in decreased expression of NFkB target genes Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and XIAP in CLL B cells. In addition we noted a dose dependent increase in apoptosis levels for both the MEC1 cell line and primary CLL B cell patient samples. Using CLL blood B cells, we have found that both GSK-3b and NFkB accumulate in the nucleus of CLL cells, but not normal blood B cells. In addition, we observed that inhibition of GSK-3 leads to a decrease in NFkB-mediated gene transcription, without affecting the nuclear accumulation of NFkB. However, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that NFkB binding to its target gene promoters (XIAP, Bcl-2) is significantly affected in CLL B cells treated with a GSK-3 inhibitor. These results suggest that GSK-3 regulates the nuclear activity of NFkB in CLL cells by affecting the binding of p65/p50 to the promoters of a subset of its target genes. Our results establish that inhibition of GSK-3 induces apoptosis of CLL cells and suggest GSK-3b as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of CLL.
Pharmacogenetics as predictor of sunitinib and mTOR inhibitors toxicity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

4570 Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in major pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) pathways of targeted agents may affect the incidence of drug toxicities. Methods: Germline DNA was extracted fromwhole blood or normal kidney parenchyma frommRCC pts of European ancestry in two cohorts: those treated with VEGF-targeted therapy (sunitinib) (n=159) or with an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus or temsirolimus) (n=62). Ten SNPs in 6 candidate genes: CYP3A4 (rs2242480, rs4646437, rs2246709), CYP3A5 (rs15524), ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642), VEGFR2 (rs2305948), NR1I3 (rs2307424, rs2307418), FLT3 (rs1933437) were genotyped using Sequenom iPlex Gold platform. Logistic regression model tested the association of genotype variants with adverse events of 1) grade 3/4 (G3/4) toxicity and G3/4 hypertension (for sunitinib cohort) and 2) grade 3/4 toxicity and all grade pneumonitis (for mTOR inhibitors cohort), adjusted for clinical factors associated with toxicity outcomes. Results: In the sunitinib c...
Does Removal of the Invasive Shrub Lonicera maackii Alter Arthropod Abundance and Diversity

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effects of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) removal on arthropod abundance and taxon richness, we sampled arthropods in seven removal plots and seven control plots in urban parkland in Louisville, Kentucky, in the first and third years after removal. We found no differences in overall abundance between invaded and removal plots in the first year after management, although removal plots had 12%–16% higher taxon diversity than invaded plots. Three years after management, invaded plots had 46% higher ground-dwelling arthropod abundance and 31% higher taxon richness, partly explained by other shrubs in managed plots. Herbivores were 91% more abundant in removal plots. Our results suggest that honeysuckle removal can have small effects on the entire arthropod community, but an increase in herbivore abundance should be expected following removal of this unpalatable invasive species.
Joint $$\nu $$+$$\bar{\nu }$$ Oscillation Analysis: Framework and Validations

This chapter describes the framework of the joint \(\nu + \bar{\nu }\) oscillation analysis: the systematic uncertainties considered, data samples, and pre-fit simulated predictions, as well as some of the validations that were performed to ascertain that the analysis works as expected.
Measuring Relative Bias and Accuracy with Crowdsourced Earnings Forecasts

A growing number of studies use crowdsourced data to draw inferences regarding information relevance. To bolster research using crowdsourced data and to allow researchers to draw stronger inferences regarding information relevance, we examine the reliability of online biographies using earnings forecasts provided by Estimize contributors. We examine if: (1) biographical information provided by Estimize contributors are reliable; (2) forecast quality is conditional on whether contributors provide their biographical information and names; and (3) contributors who provide their biographical information but withhold their identities make forecasts with different characteristics than those who provide their biographical information and identities. We find Estimize buy siders behave similarly to buy siders documented in prior studies, and Estimize sell siders (especially brokers) are similar to sell siders documented in prior studies. We show that, relative to other Estimize contributors, brokers’ forecasts are more akin to IBES in that they are: made closer in time to IBES forecasts, more likely to be within one penny of IBES forecasts, and as biased as IBES forecasts. We find that contributors who reveal their biographical information are more active on the Estimize platform and issue higher quality forecasts. Finally, we document that known brokers are more pessimistic than anonymous brokers.
Impact of message design on banner advertising involvement and effectiveness: An empirical investigation

Following past research examining online advertising design and effectiveness, this research studies the impact of variations in the design of online banner advertisements on advertising involvemen...
Measurement and simulation of water-use by canola and camelina under cool-season conditions in California

The agricultural sector of California is one of the most diverse and economically valuable in the world, but is dominated by woody perennial, and annual warm-season crops, dependent on irrigation. These face potential problems from restrictions to irrigation water supply and climate change. Canola and camelina could be used to diversify cool-season cropping in the state, but the water use of these species in the region is poorly understood. In this study, both the total and temporal water use of canola and camelina under cool-season production conditions in California were investigated using field-based and computer modeling approaches. Total and temporal water-use of both species were found to be similar to what has been observed in other regions under cool-season conditions. Observed seasonal water uptake patterns also closely matched predictions by the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. These results inform the utilization of these species as new crops in California and also contribute to estimates of water use by these globally significant oilseeds under Mediterranean to arid climate conditions.
Layer coefficients of cold in-place recycled layers from performance data

ABSTRACTWith cold in-place recycled (CIR) pavements becoming an increasingly popular treatment for pavement life extension, it is important for local agencies to have data that justifies the design...
Does race predict stroke readmission? An analysis using the truncated negative binomial model.

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that the risk of first-ever stroke is higher for blacks than for whites, it is unclear what their relative risk is for stroke recurrence. METHODS: Using statewide inpatient data from California, 4,784 blacks and 33,684 whites having one or more stroke admissions during the year 2000 were identified. For blacks and whites, age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for the index stroke admission using direct standardization (to the U.S. resident population for the year 2000). Various statistical models for count data were applied, with the best one being used in subsequent age-specific multivariate analyses for the number of stroke admissions. RESULTS: For the index stroke admission, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 was 366 (95% CI 355-377) for blacks and 204 (95% CI 202-207) for whites. Those having two or more stroke admissions accounted for less than 20% of the total number of patients. The truncated negative binomial (TNB) model gave the best fit not only to the California data but also to the data reanalyzed from several prior studies done in various countries [i.e., the United Kingdom (Oxfordshire and South London), Switzerland (Lausanne). Australia (Western Australia) and the United States (Nueces County, TX)]. In this study, predictors of stroke readmission changed according to age. For those aged 65-74 years old, blacks showed a higher risk of readmission than whites by 40% after adjustment for patient and hospital factors (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.19-1.64). This excess risk was lower in other age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that blacks remain a high-risk group after an initial stroke and warrant appropriate intervention. Future studies on recurrent stroke should consider age-specific TNB models.
Early experiences using visual tracking for computer access by people with profound physical disabilities.

A dozen people who cannot speak and have very limited voluntary muscle control because of cerebral palsy or traumatic brain injury have tried using a new technology called the Camera Mouse to access the computer. Nine of the people were successful, in many cases being able to spell words or run commercial software or access the internet for the first time. The Camera Mouse is non-invasive and uses a standard video camera and room lighting to track slight movements of the head or thumb or toe, whatever part of the body a person can control. The Camera Mouse acts as a mouse substitute.
Big Data in Omics and Imaging: Integrated Analysis and Causal Inference

Big Data in Omics and Imaging: Integrated Analysis and Causal Inference addresses the recent development of integrated genomic, epigenomic and imaging data analysis and causal inference in big data era. Despite significant progress in dissecting the genetic architecture of complex diseases by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genome-wide expression studies (GWES), and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), the overall contribution of the new identified genetic variants is small and a large fraction of genetic variants is still hidden. Understanding the etiology and causal chain of mechanism underlying complex diseases remains elusive. It is time to bring big data, machine learning and causal revolution to developing a new generation of genetic analysis for shifting the current paradigm of genetic analysis from shallow association analysis to deep causal inference and from genetic analysis alone to integrated omics and imaging data analysis for unraveling the mechanism of complex diseases. FEATURES Provides a natural extension and companion volume to Big Data in Omic and Imaging: Association Analysis, but can be read independently. Introduce causal inference theory to genomic, epigenomic and imaging data analysis Develop novel statistics for genome-wide causation studies and epigenome-wide causation studies. Bridge the gap between the traditional association analysis and modern causation analysis Use combinatorial optimization methods and various causal models as a general framework for inferring multilevel omic and image causal networks Present statistical methods and computational algorithms for searching causal paths from genetic variant to disease Develop causal machine learning methods integrating causal inference and machine learning Develop statistics for testing significant difference in directed edge, path, and graphs, and for assessing causal relationships between two networks The book is designed for graduate students and researchers in genomics, epigenomics, medical image, bioinformatics, and data science. Topics covered are: mathematical formulation of causal inference, information geometry for causal inference, topology group and Haar measure, additive noise models, distance correlation, multivariate causal inference and causal networks, dynamic causal networks, multivariate and functional structural equation models, mixed structural equation models, causal inference with confounders, integer programming, deep learning and differential equations for wearable computing, genetic analysis of function-valued traits, RNA-seq data analysis, causal networks for genetic methylation analysis, gene expression and methylation deconvolution, cell –specific causal networks, deep learning for image segmentation and image analysis, imaging and genomic data analysis, integrated multilevel causal genomic, epigenomic and imaging data analysis.
Risk Assessment and Treatment Guide for Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis: Comprehensive Review of Current Guidelines.

Objective Currently, there are numerous recommendations and often conflicting guidance provided for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pregnancy. Our objective was to create a one-page risk assessment and treatment guide based on a review of the most recent and evidence-based publications on this subject to simplify the approach and allow all obstetric patients to be properly assessed for risk of VTE and treated if indicated. Study Design We identified studies by completing a PubMed and MEDLINE search from January of 1980 through March 2017 with articles utilizing a specific combination of the selected general keywords (thrombophilia, pregnancy, VTE, prophylaxis, hypercoagulability, antepartum, postpartum, risk, etc.). We completed the search at the saturation point, meaning that all combinations of the relevant words were directing us to the same articles. After collecting the relevant sources and reviewing them, a total of 10 articles/guidelines were selected for inclusion in the analysis. Results We outlined every recommendation in the identified articles and guidelines and included any recommendation that was cited in at least three different sources in the final guide. We used American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommendations as the base for screening and dosing guidelines and utilized known and published absolute risk values and odds ratios to stratify risk factors. This stratification was used for both antepartum and postpartum recommendations and a single-page guideline was created. Conclusion This compilation of guidelines integrates the complicated topic into a simple comprehensive guide where women can be identified early and accurately for appropriate VTE prophylaxis to protect them during and after pregnancy.
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common subtype of kidney cancer after clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and accounts for approximately 15–20% of renal malignancies [1, 2]. The term papillary RCC is a histologic designation, and the diagnosis is based on the presence of papillary or tubulopapillary structures on histopathologic evaluation. Historically, two histologic subtypes of papillary RCC, type 1 and type 2, have been recognized [3]; however, there is considerable histologic and molecular heterogeneity underlying this entity that transcends this simple histologic classification [2]. As with clear cell RCC, both sporadic and hereditary forms of pRCC have been described. In both sporadic and hereditary forms, pRCC may present with unifocal or bilateral and multifocal tumors. Hereditary forms of pRCC include hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (HPRC) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC); papillary RCC has been seen infrequently in patients with other hereditary syndromes such as Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) [4–6]. Based on various studies, a higher incidence of sporadic pRCC is thought to occur in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acquired renal cystic disease (ARCD) compared to the general population [7, 8]. However, the risk association of ESRD with pRCC was not seen in a more recent Japanese study of over 400 patients with dialysis-associated RCC [9].
Kinematic and biomechanical analyses in Drosophila suggests that most legged locomotion in insects can be understood within a single framework

Despite the fact that all insects have six legs, they display considerable differences in their legged locomotion. Are these differences irreconcilable, or simply different domains of the same system? In this study, we investigate walking in Drosophila. We find that despite the fact that flies walk extremely slowly relative to their size, they predominantly employ an alternating tripod gait, a gait typically associated with high-speed locomotion. The kinematics of their center of mass (CoM) is diametrically opposite to the CoM kinematics observed in insect runners such as cockroach. We resolve this tension between similar gaits, and differing kinematics in slow and high-speed locomotion by showing that the mechanics of a tripod gait naturally reduces to a simple biomechanical model which can support a range of kinematic patterns including both fly-like and cockroach-like patterns. These findings suggest that legged locomotion in different insects might represent different domains of the same system.
GBT Detection of Polarization-dependent HI Absorption and HI Outflows in Local ULIRGs and Quasars

We present the results of a 21-cm HI survey of 27 local massive gas-rich late-stage mergers and merger remnants with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). These remnants were selected from the Quasar/ULIRG Evolution Study (QUEST) sample of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; L$_{8-1000 \mu m} > 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$) and quasars; our targets are all bolometrically dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) and sample the later phases of the proposed ULIRG-to-quasar evolutionary sequence. We find the prevalence of HI absorption (emission) to be 100% (29%) in ULIRGs with HI detections, 100% (88%) in FIR-strong quasars, and 63% (100%) in FIR-weak quasars. The absorption features are associated with powerful neutral outflows that change from being mainly driven by star formation in ULIRGs to being driven by the AGN in the quasars. These outflows have velocities that exceed 1500 km s$^{-1}$ in some cases. Unexpectedly, we find polarization-dependent HI absorption in 57% of our spectra (88% and 63% of the FIR-strong and FIR-weak quasars, respectively). We attribute this result to absorption of polarized continuum emission from these sources by foreground HI clouds. About 60% of the quasars displaying polarized spectra are radio-loud, far higher than the $\sim$10% observed in the general AGN population. This discrepancy suggests that radio jets play an important role in shaping the environments in these galaxies. These systems may represent a transition phase in the evolution of gas-rich mergers into "mature" radio galaxies.
A new microinvertebrate with features of mites and tardigrades in Dominican amber

From time to time, small, fragile, previously unknown fossil invertebrates are found in specialized habitats. Occasionally, as in the present case, a fragment of the original habitat that existed millions of years ago is also preserved. The present article describes a previously unknown microinvertebrate in Dominican amber that cannot be placed in any group of extant invertebrates. Placed in a new family, genus, and species, the fossil shares characters with both tardigrades and mites, but clearly belongs to neither group. The several hundred fossil individuals preserved in the amber shared their moist, warm habitat with pseudoscorpions, nematodes, fungi, and protozoa. The large number of fossils provided additional evidence of their biology, including their reproductive behavior, developmental stages, and food. While there is no extant group that can accommodate these fossils, and we have no knowledge of any extant descendants, this discovery shows that unique lineages of minute invertebrates were surviving in the mid‐Tertiary.
Electronic health records to support obesity-related patient care: Results from a survey of United States physicians.

Abstract Objective Obesity-related electronic health record functions increase the rates of measuring Body Mass Index, diagnosing obesity, and providing obesity services. This study describes the prevalence of obesity-related electronic health record functions in clinical practice and analyzes characteristics associated with increased obesity-related electronic health record sophistication. Methods Data were analyzed from DocStyles, a web-based panel survey administered to 1507 primary care providers practicing in the United States in June, 2013. Physicians were asked if their electronic health record has specific obesity-related functions. Logistical regression analyses identified characteristics associated with improved obesity-related electronic health record sophistication. Results Of the 88% of providers with an electronic health record, 83% of electronic health records calculate Body Mass Index, 52% calculate pediatric Body Mass Index percentile, and 32% flag patients with abnormal Body Mass Index values. Only 36% provide obesity-related decision support and 17% suggest additional resources for obesity-related care. Characteristics associated with having a more sophisticated electronic health record include age ≤ 45 years old, being a pediatrician or family practitioner, and practicing in a larger, outpatient practice. Conclusions Few electronic health records optimally supported physician's obesity-related clinical care. The low rates of obesity-related electronic health record functions currently in practice highlight areas to improve the clinical health information technology in primary care practice. More work can be done to develop, implement, and promote the effective utilization of obesity-related electronic health record functions to improve obesity treatment and prevention efforts.
Retained metabolic activity in honey bee collected pollen has implications for pollen digestion and effects on honey bee health

The mechanisms by which pollen is digested by honey bees are incompletely understood. Potential methods are thought to include pseudogermination, mechanical disruption, enzymatic breakdown, or osmotic shock. Understanding the role of pseudogermination in this process has been hampered by a lack of tools demonstrating retention of metabolic activity in pollen collected by honey bees. Here, we show that pollen collected by honey bees produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) at robust levels upon germination, suggesting that ROS is a suitable marker of this process in pollen. ROS can be readily found in the digestive tract of honey bees and is localized to pollen grains within the lumen. Finally, manipulating pollen levels in the midgut can change ROS levels in the digestive tract. These data provide evidence of retained metabolic activity in bee-collected pollen that lends support to pseudogermination as a mechanism for pollen digestion in honey bees, and points to novel approaches for better understanding of pollen digestion in this species and beyond.
Temperature-Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide.

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have exacerbated the decline of native freshwater mussels (order Unionida) in North America since their arrival in the 1980s. Options for controlling invasive mussels, particularly in unionid mussel habitats, are limited. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) showed selective toxicity for zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12 °C). We first determined 96-h lethal concentrations of CO2 at 5 and 20 °C to zebra mussels and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium). Next, we compared the time to lethality for zebra mussels at 5, 12, and 20 °C during exposure to partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2 ) values of 110 to 120 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook and fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis). We found efficacious CO2 treatment regimens at each temperature that were minimally lethal to unionids. At 5 °C, plain pocketbook survived 96-h exposure to the highest PCO2 treatment (139 atm). At 20 °C, the 96-h lethal concentration to 10% of animals (LC10) for plain pocketbook (173 atm PCO2 , 95% CI 147-198 atm) was higher than the LC99 for zebra mussels (118 atm PCO2 , 95% CI 109-127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of zebra mussels in 110 to 120 atm PCO2 ranged from 100 h at 20 °C to 300 h at 5 °C. Mean survival of both plain pocketbook and fragile papershell juveniles exceeded 85% in LT99 CO2 treatments at all temperatures. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by zebra mussels with limited adverse effects on unionid mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1546-1557. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Design aspirations for biomimicry and improved health outcomes: fusing a myriad of intellectual disciplines at Arizona state university

Design aspirations for biomimicry and improved health outcomes fusing a myriad of intellectual disciplines at Arizona state university
Helpfulness of Clinical Visit Summary Content From Multi-Specialty Care: A Mixed-Methods Assessment.

Objective:We surveyed patients who visited multiple outpatient specialty practices to understand what summary content was most helpful with the goal of optimizing meaningful outpatient clinical vis...
Validation of a Forward Kinematics Based Controller for a mobile Tethered Pelvic Assist Device to Augment Pelvic Forces during Walking

For those with irregular gait, re-calibration of motor control strategies and retraining of coordination are key goals. Thoughtful external forces or resistances during repetitive tasks can reprogram motor control patterns and strategies. Prior work in our lab has utilized this theory to improve gait in various patient groups using the Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (TPAD), a treadmill-based robotic trainer. In this paper, we propose a new, portable extension of the TPAD, which relies on an open-loop, forward kinematics based controller to remove the restriction of walking in the laboratory on a treadmill, and therefore accommodates overground ambulation. To evaluate the effects of this new control scheme and the effects of the users holding the mobile TPAD frame, a dataset of walking in four conditions was collected from eight healthy individuals. When applying a constant pelvic loading force of 10% body weight, the mean ground reaction force increased by 8.2±7.7% when the individual holds the walker frame and 11.1±7.8% when no hand contact is made. The mobile TPAD was shown to still induce a targeted loading on individuals during treadmill walking. The validation of this mobile device’s controller and characterization of holding the frame allow overground studies to be conducted, and now opens the door to new training paradigms for overground gait training.
Making war and peace with emotion: Examining the Iraq and Iran cases via presidential speech and media coverage:

This study investigates emotions conveyed in US presidential speeches and media coverage regarding the Iraq War and the Iran nuclear deal during 2003 and 2015. The researchers gathered and examined...