cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Architecture-Centric Process for MILS Development

Safety-critical embedded systems are now software-reliant and evolving at an incredible pace. With the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, these systems are now interconnected to several networks and exposed to potential attackers. This increases the potential surface of attack and, ultimately, the likelihood of a successful attack that would penetrate the system. Until recently, many security efforts were focused on code analysis, but studies have shown that security is also a matter of good software architecture design and practices. For example, MILS requires isolating security domains in partitions using appropriate security components. However, because embedded systems are evolving quickly, new design methods are now required to overcome the challenges of developing them. In this paper, we introduce a research agenda for a new architecturecentric development approach for MILS systems. This would leverage architecture models and augment them with security information in order to perform the different activities of the development process, including security policy validation, implementation, and testing. Using the same model throughout development improves the consistency of the development process by avoiding any translation between different—and potentially inconsistent—representations. In addition, automating the generation of implementation and tests avoids the traditional mistakes of manual code production, such as bugs and developers’ assumptions about ambiguous requirements.
Impact of Older Adults' Reading Ability on the Comprehension and Recall of Cholesterol Information

Abstract This research examined the relationship between reading ability, comprehension, and recall of information following exposure to a cholesterol education program. The sample consisted of 20 low-income, inner-city dwelling seniors aged 61-78 years. Each subject visited the laboratory three times; on the first visit, blood was drawn and subjects were pretested on cholesterol knowledge and the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) was administered. Two weeks later, subjects returned to receive their blood test results; they also viewed a videotaped cholesterol education program and were tested on comprehension and recall posttest 1; one month later, posttest 2 was administered. Subjects answered 62 percent of the cholesterol knowledge questions correctly on pretest. Immediately after viewing the cholesterol education program, subjects answered 77 percent of posttest questions correctly. One month later, knowledge score remained elevated (72 percent). ANOVA revealed significant differenc...
Telemetering the Body Temperature of the Broiler Chick and Effect of Induced Hypothermia

Abstract RECORDING physiological responses from an unrestrained bird has become a reality with the advent of miniaturization of radio components. A telemetry system developed by Reece and reported by Reece and Deaton (1968) was used in recording body temperature of broiler chicks to determine if lowering the body temperature of the broiler is a stress that results in higher condemnation, mortality, or lowered body weight gain. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Chicks of a commercial broiler cross from a PPLO-free flock were used in each of two experiments. The birds were separated into individual compartments so huddling would not affect hypothermia, the subnormal temperature of the body. In the first experiment there were four treatment combinations and a control group. The treatment combinations consisted of altering body temperature of chicks at 1, 8, 15, and 22 days of age. Fifty straight-run chicks were used in each group. The birds were sexed at 8 weeks . . .
Discussion on the Reference Service in Medical Library under the Network Environment

Aiming at the reference service and management status in medical library,the paper analyzes the difficulties and development, discusses the feasible measures to extend reference service under the network environment in medical library combining with the reference service practices from Institute of Preventive Medicine Information,CDC in Hubei province,including aligning the position,expanding the reference resources,carrying out various types of services based on the network,etc.
Personality traits and body weight: Evidence using sibling comparisons

Abstract Rationale Past research has shown that personality traits relate to body weight, but this relationship may be confounded by unobserved family-level characteristics such as genetic endowments. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the association between personality traits, as measured by the Big Five taxonomy, and body weight among young adults is spurious owing to shared family background. Methods Participants were drawn from the full (n = 14,366) and family (n = 2813) samples of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The study employed family-fixed effects to eliminate shared family background factors that might affect personality traits and body weight simultaneously. Results Among the Big Five personality traits, only conscientiousness showed a robust association with body weight, including body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk. These results were robust to adjustments for family-fixed effects, which indicates that the association between conscientiousness and body weight is generally not confounded by unobserved family-level characteristics shared by siblings. A one-standard-deviation increase in conscientiousness was associated with a decrease in BMI by 0.89 (equivalent to a 2.5 kg decrease in weight for an individual with an average height of the sample) and a 12% reduction in the probability of being obese. This study also found some suggestive evidence of gender and racial/ethnic differences. The association between conscientiousness and obesity was larger and statistically significant only for women, and conscientiousness was most strongly associated with obesity among Hispanic people. Conclusion Conscientiousness is associated with decreased body weight net of unobserved background characteristics that are shared by siblings. The results suggest that interventions that develop personality traits may have “spillover effects”; in other words, they may also help reduce obesity.
Early Silurian inadunate crinoids (Brassfield Formation, Ohio)

Eight Early Silurian inadunate crinoids are described. These include: a pisocrinid, genus and species undetermined; (?)Myelodactylus sp.; Kanabinocrinus thyaros n. gen., n. sp.; Euspirocrinus heliktos n. sp.; (?)Euspirocrinus sp.; Eoparisocrinus siluricus n. comb. (n. gen.); Dendrocrinus daytonensis n. sp.; and dendrocrinid, genus and species undetermined. Parisocrinus siluricus, Parisocrinus mulletensis, and Euspirocrinus obconicus are all reassigned to Eoparisocrinus. Parisocrinus is restricted to members of Devonian and Mississippian age. The genus Parisocrinus is discussed, and its type species P. perplexus is illustrated. Pisocrinid, genus and species undetermined, (?)Myelodactylus sp., and Kanabinocrinus thyaros represent the oldest member of the family in which each belongs. The phylogenetic relationships of these and other taxa are discussed.
Abstract 1952: Adverse effects of erythropoietin stimulates tumor growth via EphB4

Abstract: While recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has been widely used to treat anemia in cancer patients, concerns about its adverse effects on patient survival have emerged. However the lack of correlation between expression of the canonical EpoR and rhEpo9s effects on cancer cells prompted us to consider the existence of an alternative Epo receptor. Methods: We analyzed the membrane-bound portion of the proteome for candidate receptors possessing structural, regulatory, and functional features consistent with Epo binding and tumorigenic signaling. To examine the potential for EphB4 binding to Epo, we generated EpoR−/- MEFs from EpoR−/- mice. We injected A2780-shControl and-shEpoR cells, shEphB4 or -shEpoR/shEphB4 cells in nude mice to study rhEpo induced tumor progression. We also assessed potential effects of tumoral EpoR or EphB4 expression on the effects of ESA treatment in patients with ovarian (N = 175) or breast (N = 88) cancer. Results: Through systems-based approaches we identified EphB4 as an alternate Epo receptor. MST experiments with fluorophore labeled rhEpo demonstrated binding to EpoR with an apparent dissociation constant (KD,app) of 28.0 ± 14.0 nM and EphB4 with a KD,app value of 880.6 ± 128.6 nM. EphB4 and EphrinB2 bound with a KD,app value of 140.5 ± 28.3 nM. We showed that [I125]rhEpo can bind to these cells EpoR−/- MEFs cells. EphB4 triggered the downstream signaling via STAT3 and promoted rhEpo-induced tumor growth and progression. rhEpo stimulated in vivo growth of A2780-shControl (p Citation Format: Sunila Pradeep, Jie Huang, Edna Mora, Alpa Nick, Minsoon Cho, Sherry Wu, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Chiyi Xiong, Chun Li, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, David Jackson, Anil Sood. Adverse effects of erythropoietin stimulates tumor growth via EphB4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1952. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1952
The Unemployment Invariant Hypothesis: Heterogeneous Panel Cointegration Evidence from U.S. State Level Data

We explore the long-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the labor force participation rates for United States over the period of 1976 to 2015. We use U.S. state level data and panel cointegration techniques that are robust to cross sectional heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependency, omitted variable bias and endogeniety issues. We find evidence that on average these two variables are cointegrated and are inversely related. Similar to studies that employ U.S. country level data, this study further questions the empirical relevance of the unemployment invariant hypothesis for the case of the United States. Keywords : Unemployment rate; Unemployment invariant hypothesis; panel cointegration JEL Classifications: E24, J60
Low-Noise Balanced Photoreceiver with 21 V/W Optical Conversion Gain

A 9-GHz bandwidth balanced photoreceiver with 21 V/W optical conversion gain at 1060 nm wavelength, 20 dB common mode rejection ratio, and 166 pW/Hz noise equivalent power is demonstrated.
Claiming the mystical self in new modernist Uyghur poetry

By recuperating the Sufi poetics of the Uyghur past, “avant-garde” Uyghur poets such as Tahir Hamut and Perhat Tursun are claiming a right to speak as heirs to both a religious and a literary tradition. For these modernist poets, finding one’s own way forward through the past is a way of reclaiming the discourse surrounding Uyghur identity, and the cultural symbols built into it, as an extension of the self. By channeling affect in such a way that it appears to derive from conventional Uyghur imagery, these poets demonstrate a measure of self-mastery that restores a feeling of existential security in the midst of political and religious change. This article argues that the purpose of their poems is to force the reader to accept new interpretations of images of Sufi embodiment and spirituality as valid and powerful. It further claims that the new indexing of Sufi imagery in this emerging corpus disrupts the unity of Uyghur poetry in the genres of Chinese Socialist Realism and ethno-nationalist Uyghur tradition, not in a negative process, but in order to create new forms of thought and subjectivity. It forces the reader to interpret the world not by trying to return to mythical Uyghur origins or reaching for a Socialist or an Islamic utopia but instead as a means of self-determination and affirming contemporary life itself.
MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN REGULATION AND MYOCYTE CONTRACTILE DEPRESSION AFTER LV HYPERTROPHY IN AORTIC-BANDED MICE

Using an adult mouse aortic-banded model of pressure-overload hypertrophy and isolated cardiomyocyte mechanics studies, we examined the hypothesis that contractile depression is due to altered cardiac contractile proteins rather than changes in left ventricular (LV) geometry, loading, or the extracellular matrix. FVB mice were banded at the transverse aortic arch or sham operated and studied after 7 days. In nine animals the gradient across the aortic band averaged 47 +/- 4 mmHg. Compared with sham-operated controls, banded animals had increased LV weight-to-body weight ratio (2.8 +/- 0.1 and 3.5 +/- 0.1, respectively; P = 0.035). Left ventricles from additional age-matched groups of mice that underwent identical surgical procedures were examined for altered transcriptional control of myosin heavy chains (MHCs). beta-MHC protein content increased (15 +/- 2%) vs. shams (3.8 +/- 2%; P = 0.004). Dot blots of LV RNA showed a corresponding increase in beta-MHC transcripts in banded animals (15.8 +/- 2%) vs. controls (5.7 +/- 2%; P = 0.012). Contractile performance was assessed using enzymatically disaggregated isolated LV myocytes paced at 0.5 Hz. There was no difference in percentage myocyte shortening between banded (8.6 +/- 0.5%) and control (9.1 +/- 0.5%) animals. However, maximal velocity of contraction was depressed after aortic banding (129 +/- 11 vs. 233 +/- 28 microns/s; P = 0.007), as was velocity of relaxation (105 +/- 11 vs. 188 +/- 22 microns/s; P = 0.007). These results suggest that depressed myocyte contractility after induction of pressure-overload hypertrophy in aortic-banded mice may be, in part, a consequence of transcriptional upregulation of the beta-MHC.
Sign Language Interpretation: The State of the Art

The field of sign language interpretation has existed for many years as has the field of spoken language interpretation, but only became a profession as recently as 1964. The profession of sign language interpreters is unique due to the fact that a manual means is used to transmit language. Although the term interpreter is used, a clarification of terms is in order. Sign languages are genetically and structurally independent of spoken languages even within the same language community. There are, however, numerous artificial sign languages which have been developed in various countries to code the spoken language of the community. Where a message in a natural sign language is recreated in a spoken language, or vice versa, the process is known as interpretation. Where the conversion involves an artificial sign language, the process is called transliteration. Therefore, the re-creation of messages between Manual English and English (two forms of the same language) is transliteration. The definitions of transliteration and interpretation are after Fant (1972).
Cytochrome P-450 as a target of biological reactive intermediates

In addition to being a primary source for the generation of biological reactive intermediates (BRI), cytochromes P-450 often serve as target molecules for these intermediates. Specific binding of BRI to individual forms of cytochrome P-450 may be exploited in the design of irreversible inhibitors known as mechanism-based inactivators. The high degreeof selectivity often attainable with such compounds makes them particularly attractive for in vivo applications (Rando, 1984; Ortiz de Montellano et al., 1986).
The microfoundations of the microfoundations of Austrian Business Cycle Theory

The Austrian School interpretation of the Keynes-Hayek debate runs counter to the conventional wisdom that Hayek “lost” the debate. Austrians maintain that they have the substantive theoretical high ground and the Keynesian perspective to this day fails to comprehend it. But in all of the many variations and repetitions of the ABCT, though of episodic interest with every crisis, the ABCT has failed to decisively persuade the majority, including even those critical of the Keynesian position. This paper investigates why this might be so. It outlines aspects of Keynes’s challenge to the stability of the free-market that appears to have been mostly neglected by the Austrians. This concerns mainly the question of the absence of futures markets to coordinate intertemporal supplies of and demand for specific goods and services. I consider a different way of looking at the role of financial markets, one that focuses on entrepreneurial competition as an arbitrating process rather than financial markets coordinating entrepreneurial plans over time. Finally, I consider the implications of this view for the ABCT claims about the time-structure of production.
Rotational and translational positions determine the structural and dynamic impact of a single ribonucleotide incorporated in the nucleosome.

Abstract Ribonucleotides misincorporated by replicative DNA polymerases are by far the most common DNA lesion. The presence of ribonucleotides in DNA is associated with genome instability, causing replication stress, chromosome fragility, gross chromosomal rearrangements, and other mutagenic events. Furthermore, nucleosome and chromatin assembly as well as nucleosome positioning are affected by the presence of ribonucleotides. Notably, nucleosome formation is significantly reduced by a single ribonucleotide. Single ribonucleotides are primarily removed from DNA by the ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) pathway via the RNase H2 enzyme, which incises the DNA backbone on the 5′-side of the ribonucleotide. While the structural implications of a single ribonucleotide in free duplex DNA have been well studied, how a single ribonucleotide embedded in nucleosomal DNA impacts nucleosome structure and dynamics, and the possible consequent impact on RER, have not been explored. We have carried out 3.5 μs molecular dynamics simulations of a single ribonucleotide incorporated at various translational and rotational positions in a nucleosome core particle. We find that the presence of the 2′−OH group on the ribose impacts the local conformation and dynamics of both the ribonucleotide and nearby DNA nucleotides as well as their interactions with histones; the nature of these disturbances depends on the rotational and translational setting, including whether the ribose faces toward or away from the histones. The ribonucleotide’s preferred C3′-endo pucker is stabilized by interactions with the histones, and furthermore the ribonucleotide can cause dynamic local duplex disturbance involving an abnormal C3′-endo population of the adjacent deoxyribose pucker, minor groove opening, ruptured Watson-Crick pairing, and duplex unwinding that are governed by translation-dependent histone-nucleotide interactions. Possible effects of these disturbances on RER are considered.
Contact system sends defensins to the rescue.

In this issue of Blood, Abu-Fanne et al identify a link between activation of the contact system of coagulation involving factor XIIa (FXIIa) and kallikrein, promoting neutrophils to release the antimicrobial peptide α-defensin-1, which enhances fibrin polymerization kinetics, alters fibrin morphology, and inhibits fibrinolysis. These reactions may serve as an extension or consequence of innate immunity and are shown to affect in vivo murine thrombosis.1
In adults in the emergency department with nausea, neither droperidol nor ondansetron improved symptoms

Source Citation Meek R, Mee MJ, Egerton-Warburton D, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of droperidol and ondansetron for adult emergency department patients with nausea. Acad Emerg Med. 20...
Abstracts: ALA 2010—San Francisco: Melville's Miltonic Notion of Providence: A Case Study of Moby‐Dick, Chapters 82‐83

ALA 2010—San Francisco Melville and Religious Experience CHAIR: BRIAN YOTHERS, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO Participants in “Melville and Religious Experience” panel at ALA 2010, from left to right: William E. Engel, Jonathan A. Cook, Richard Hardack, Peter Norberg, Brian Yothers. Few writers have engaged more subtly or more broadly with the subject of religious experience than Melville. On both a cognitive and an affective level, Melville’s work is in dialogue with a staggering range of religious traditions. Panelists were invited to consider the following C © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation C © 2010 The Melville Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. L E V I A T H A N A J O U R N A L O F M E L V I L L E S T U D I E S 131
Continuous Full Order Model of Triple Active Bridge Converter

With the rising popularity of the power electronic based systems with integrated energy storage, the multi-port isolated converter topologies are gaining popularity. In contemporary literature, the triple active bridge (TAB) converter is the most popular among these topologies. However, the TAB was not yet described with the continuous-time full-order model. In this paper, the continuous-time full-order model of the TAB converter is derived. The derived model is validated with the measurement of the control-to-output transfer functions. The derived model can provide useful insights into the operation of the converter and can be used for controller design.
Galileo observations of the impacts

Galileo observations in the UV, visible, and infrared uniquely characterize the luminous phenomena associated primarily with the early stages of the impacts of SL9 fragments—the bolide and fireball phases—because of the spacecraft's direct view of the impact sites. The single luminous events, typically 1 min in duration at near-IR wavelengths, are interpreted as initial bolide flashes in the stratosphere followed immediately by development of a fireball above the ammonia clouds, which subsequently rises, expands, and cools from ∼ 8000 K to ∼ 1000 K over the first minute. The brightnesses of the bolide phases were remarkably similar for disparate events, including L and N, which were among the biggest and smallest of the impacts as classified by Earth-based phenomena. Subsequent fireball brightnesses differ much more, suggesting that the similar-sized fragments were near the threshold for creating fireballs and large dark features on Jupiter's face. Both bolides and fireballs were much dimmer than had been predicted before the impacts, implying that impactor masses were small (∼0.5km diameter). Galileo data clarify the physical interpretation of the “first precursor,” as observed from Earth: it probably represents a massive meteor storm accompanying the main fragment, peaking ∼10s before the fragment penetrates to the tropopause; hints of behind-the-limb luminous phenomena, recorded from Earth immediately following the peak of the first precursor, may be due to reflection of the late bolide/early fireball stages from comet debris very high in Jupiter's atmosphere.
Abstract C016: Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic vulnerability in chemotherapy resistant triple negative breast cancer

There is a pressing need to identify improved therapies for triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) resistant to standard chemotherapy. To identify potential molecular targets, we performed RNA sequencing of pre-treatment biopsies from 43 patients with operable TNBC who received neoadjuvant anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated that the top canonical pathway associated with higher likelihood of recurrence was higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signature. We therefore sought to determine the efficacy of IACS-10759, a potent inhibitor of OXPHOS, in 10 TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), 8 generated from chemotherapy-resistant tumors. Partial response was observed in one PDX model and prolonged disease stabilization in 5 of 10 PDXs. PDXs with higher expression of protein coding mitochondrial genes were more sensitive to IACS-10759. AXL overexpression was associated with intrinsic and acquired IACS-10759 resistance. The combination of cabozantinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting AXL, with IACS-10759 significantly improved responses in TNBC PDXs. In contrast, selective AXL inhibitor BGB324 or knockdown of AXL did not enhance IACS-10759 sensitivity. In addition, an in vivo synthetic lethality screen identified CDK4, PARP1 and PARP2 as potential combination targets for IACS-10759. Palbociclib as well as talazoparib enhanced growth inhibitory effect of OXPHOS inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggests that OXPHOS is a promising target in chemoresistant TNBC. IACS-10759 is currently in Phase 1 testing, including TNBC. Further work is needed to determine the optimal biomarker-driven combination partners. Citation Format: Kurt Evans, Stacy Moulder, Erkan Yuca, Stephen Scott, Natalia Paez Arango, Maryam Shariati, Christopher P Vellano, Turcin Saridogan, Xiaofeng Zheng, Ana Maria Gonzalez-Angulo, Ming Zhao, Xiaoping Su, Coya Tapia, Ken Chen, Argun Akcakanat, Charles M Perou, Bora Lim, Debu Tripathy, Timothy A Yap, Maria E Di Francesco, Giulio Draetta, Philip Jones, Joe Marszalek, Funda Meric-Bernstam. Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic vulnerability in chemotherapy resistant triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C016. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C016
DESCRIPTION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR STRAIN IN DANON DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM A GLOBAL REGISTRY

Danon Disease (DD) is a rare X-linked disorder due to mutations in the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP-2) gene and causes severe cardiac manifestations. Longitudinal strain (LS) has emerged as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in various cardiomyopathies. A retrospective, international
Intraocular schwannoma with extrascleral extension.

PurposeTo report a rare case of intraocular schwannoma with extrascleral extension in a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and to review the literature for this topic.MethodsCase report.Res...
I don’t understand you but I trust you: using computer-aided text analysis to examine medical terminology use and engagement of vaccine online articles

Public health departments recommend that medical terms should be replaced by plain language in order to make health information understandable to the general public. However, as a heuristic cue to ...
Heart transplant waiting list implications of increased ventricular assist device use as a bridge strategy: A national analysis

The use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) as a bridge to heart transplant (HT) is increasing, while HT volume remains stagnant. This may portend longer waiting times and an otherwise more competitive environment for all patients on the HT waiting list. A retrospective analysis of patients who were listed for HT in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from 2000 to 2015 was conducted. Mean waiting time, proportion of HT reception (%HT), proportion of death (%death), and proportion of waiting list removal (%removal) were calculated across three eras: Era 1 (2000-2007), Era 2 (2008-2011), and Era 3 (2012-2015). During the study period, 29 728 patients successfully underwent HT. 19 127 (64.3%) were directly transplanted (direct HT); 4491 (15.1%) received VADs prior to listing as a bridge to decision (BTD); and 4593 (15.5%) received VADs after listing as a bridge to transplant (BTT). Across the three eras, the average number of registrants per year grew. Among all groups, waiting time increased across the eras. %HT generally decreased in the BTD and BTT groups but remained constant in the direct HT group. %removal increased, while %death decreased in all group across the eras. Waiting time for HT increased from 2000 to 2015. Patients with VADs as a bridge strategy experienced decreasing %HT and increasing %removal but stable survival. Improvements in VAD safety and durability will ensure their success as part of a bridge strategy to HT under the new UNOS allocation policy.
A patient decision aid for prescribing pain medication: Results from a pilot test in two emergency departments.

Abstract Objective This study piloted a patient education and decision aid tool about prescription pain relievers to determine potential impact on: comfort receiving an opioid prescription; knowledge about opioids; decisional conflict about whether to take an opioid; and shared decision making with the prescribing physician. Methods Patients with acute pain were recruited from two emergency departments (ED), and randomized to complete the tool (N = 65) or a time-matched control (N = 59) on a tablet. Data collection involved: a baseline survey; a post-test immediately following the assigned program; a discharge survey after seeing the physician; and a 6-week follow-up survey. Results Knowledge increased and comfort receiving an opioid decreased as hypothesized, but did not reach statistical significance. Despite the lack of knowledge differences, the tool had significant positive impact on patients feeling more informed and experiencing less decisional conflict. Shared decision making with the prescribing physician was not impacted. Conclusion A patient decision aid can help ED patients feel more informed and less conflicted about prescription pain relievers but did not impact shared decision-making. Practice Implications Patient education programs implemented in the ED should consider engaging physicians in the program to help to promote patient-centered approaches in the treatment of acute pain.
Alcohol-involved sexual aggression: Emotion regulation as a mechanism of behavior change

Objective Sexual aggression remains a significant public health problem, with the majority of sexual assaults involving alcohol. Founded upon an experimental medicine approach to behavior change, the current study used a proximal change experiment to target and test emotion regulation (ER) as a mechanism underlying alcohol-involved sexual aggression. Method Heavy episodic drinking men aged 21-30 with a sexual assault perpetration history (N = 209) were randomly assigned to a brief, online, ER-focused cognitive restructuring or mindfulness intervention or to control. Intervention effects were evaluated during sober and intoxicated states through laboratory-based alcohol administration (target BrAC = .08%). Intoxicated and sober participants completed a proximal change protocol that included implementing ER skills during a sexual aggression analogue that assessed relevant emotions and intentions. Results Path analysis demonstrated that relative to control, the cognitive restructuring intervention improved emotional modulation and emotional clarity, resulting in lower sexual arousal and anger, respectively, followed by decreased sexual coercion intentions. The mindfulness intervention yielded mixed results, predicting decreased sexual aggression intentions compared to control but also predicting stronger coercive tactic intentions in intoxicated men with more severe sexual aggression histories. Both interventions improved emotional acceptance relative to control, but only for sober men. Conclusions Overall, the current study demonstrated that ER-focused interventions improved proximal ER skills associated with reduced sexual aggression intentions, signifying ER as an important mechanism for changing sexually aggressive behavior. Because intervention efficacy varied by intoxication state, further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of ER interventions targeting real-world alcohol-involved sexual aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
States, Preemption, and Patented Drug Prices

The enormous cost of patented medications is severely straining state budgets. Covering a single treatment might cost a state upwards of half a billion dollars, and states therefore confront difficult choices between restricting access to life-saving treatments and defunding other important health services or even schools and infrastructure programs. In light of federal regulatory abdication, states are experimenting with a diversity of cost-containment and fair-pricing efforts. State-level reform, however, confronts the headwinds of patent preemption. As patent rights are federally conferred, how—if at all—may states regulate excessively priced patented medications? This Article begins from the premise that the federal patent system is best understood as being charged with sufficiently incentivizing innovation. Thus, excessively rewarding patent holders is not among its aims. From this premise, I advance three main arguments. First, excessively priced patented medications are at odds with the public purposes of the patent system. They are further unfair to patients and health systems against the background of their widespread unaffordability. For these reasons, drug price regulation is warranted. Second, the federal government should be the one to comprehensively address the problem of excessively priced patented medications, but congressional action has been politically stalled and uncertain. State-level interventions offer the possibility of second-best solutions. Yet, though states are the locus of drug pricing reform, their degrees of regulatory freedom are constrained by misguided Federal Circuit precedent. Consequently, federal regulatory failure is compounded by neutered state regulation. Third, states should not be preempted by federal patent law from addressing the urgent problem of excessively priced patented medications. Their exclusion is neither doctrinally required nor desirable public policy. Unfettered by patent preemption, state regulation holds the promise of improving physical and fiscal health as well as manifesting an overwhelming bipartisan preference for drug pricing reform. States further have valuable contributions to make to federal pharmaceutical innovation policy. States have an underappreciated role to play in recalibrating federal patent policy away from the privileging of private interests and aligning it with its intended public-serving purpose. They have important contributions to make to national conversations about innovation incentives and fair drug pricing. To the extent states are patent preempted from regulation reaching patented drug prices, this is a significant and unwarranted missed opportunity both to meet the urgent needs of Americans and to pursue the best version of our federal pharmaceutical innovation policy.
Coarse-Grained Model for the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolites

Zeolites are the most used solid catalysts in the chemical industry. The hydrothermal synthesis of these porous aluminosilicate crystals is a multistep process that involves the polymerization of s...
Stability in Energy. Variational Theorems

In Lecture 11 we have seen that static elasticity is the general theory of statics of simple materials, and in Lectures 18–21 we have proved theorems which make it more or less reasonable to study especially the class of elastic materials which have stress potentials or stored-energy functions σ(F). In this approach, equilibrium is found as a special case of motion, and the existence of a potential follows from further assumptions about virtual motions.
Revisiting rapid phenotypic evolution in sticklebacks: integrative thinking of standing genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity

Phenotypic evolution can result from new mutation, standing genetic variation, or phenotypic plasticity. Extensive reviews have focused on either comparing phenotypic evolution by new mutations vs. standing genetic variation (Barrett and Schluter, 2008) or the effect of phenotypic plasticity on generating biodiversity (Moczek, 2010; Pfennig et al., 2010; Moczek et al., 2011). This article focuses on discussing the potential integrative effect of standing genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity on rapid phenotypic evolution. I start with comparing and contrasting how standing genetic variation and plasticity promote phenotypic evolution and conclude by illustrating three examples in threespine sticklebacks—variation in number of lateral plates, the existence of pelvic girdles, and alternative foraging forms—to demonstrate that both mechanisms could be involved in the same pattern of rapid phenotypic evolution, even though in these cases only one mechanism was invoked by the authors to explain the pattern.
Catalytic mechanism of thioltransferase.

To evaluate potential catalytic mechanism for thioltransferase thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, seven pig liver mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. All the expressed enzymes, including wild-type and mutants with the exception of the inactive mutant, ETT-C22S, were variably inhibited by iodoacetamide, and similar results were obtained when these enzymes were preincubated with GSH. However, when preincubated with S-sulfocysteine or hydroxyethyl disulfide, the activity of the enzymes was totally or partially protected against inhibition by iodoacetamide, with the exception of the mutants, ETT-C25S and ETT-C25A. When simultaneously pretreated with GSH and S-sulfocysteine, all enzymes were highly protected. Isoelectric focusing analysis of the above preincubation mixtures showed that different enzyme-substrate intermediates occurred. Using radioactively labeled substrates, [U-14C]cystine and [glycine-2-3H] GSH, enzyme-substrate intermediates were detected. These data indicate that reduced thioltransferase reacts first with disulfide substrates, then with a thiol substrate, e.g. GSH. The formation of either enzyme-substrate mixed disulfide or protein intramolecular disulfide protected the enzyme from inactivation by iodoacetamide. Based on the experimental results, alternative methods of the catalytic mechanism for thioltransferases are proposed.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF CORONAL BRIGHT POINTS

We present a statistical study of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of coronal bright points (BPs) by analyzing a continuous set of observations of a quiet-Sun region of size 780′′ × 780′′ over a period of 55 hours. The main data set consists of observations taken by EIT (the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on board the SOHO spacecraft) in its Fe xii 195 A channel which is sensitive to coronal plasma of temperature ∼ 1.5 MK; we also use soft X-ray observations by SXT (Soft X-ray Telescope on the Yohkoh spacecraft) which is sensitive to coronal plasma of temperature > 2.5 MK. The flux histogram for all pixels in EIT 195 A images indicates that BPs have a power law flux distribution extending down to a level of 3σ (σ, root mean square deviation) above the average flux of the quiet Sun, while the bulk quiet Sun has a Gaussian-like flux distribution. Using a 3σ intensity threshold, we find a spatial density of one BP per 90 Mm × 90 Mm area, or equivalently 800 BPs for the entire solar surface at any moment. The average size of a BP is 110 Mm2. About 1.4% of the quiet-Sun area is covered by bright points and the radiation from all BPs is only about 5% of that from the whole quiet Sun. Thus, the atmosphere above quiet-Sun regions is not energetically dominated by BPs. During the 55-hour period of EIT observations, we identify 48 full-life-cycle BPs which can be tracked from their initial appearance to final disappearance. The average lifetime of these BPs is 20 hours, which is much longer than the previously reported 8 hours based on Skylab X-ray observations (Golub et al., 1974). We also see shorter life times and smaller numbers of BPs in the soft X-ray images than in the EIT 195 A observations, suggesting that the temperature of BPs is generally below 2 MK.
Trehalose 6-phosphate synthetase (uridine diphosphate glucose: d-glucose 6-phosphate 1-glucosyltransferase) and its regulation during slime mold development.

Abstract During morphogenesis in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, trehalose-6-P synthetase activity, undetectable in the vegetative cell, appears, accumulates to a peak, and then disappears. Both the accumulation and disappearance are sensitive to coincident inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide and prior inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D. The normal pattern of changes in enzyme activity observed in the wild type is modified in specific ways in mutants displaying morphogenetic aberrations.
Structure and function of branched chain aminotransferases.

Abstract Branched chain aminotransferases (BCATs) catalyze transamination of the branched chain amino acids (BCATs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Except for the Escherichia coli and Salmonella proteins, which are homohexamers arranged as a double trimer, the BCATs are homodimers. Structurally, the BCATs belong to the fold type IV class of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) enzymes. Other members are d -alanine aminotransferase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. Catalysis is on the re face of the PLP cofactor, whereas in other classes, catalysis occurs from the si face of PLP. Crystal structures of the fold type IV proteins show that they are distinct from the fold type I aspartate aminotransferase family and represent a new protein fold. Because the fold type IV enzymes catalyze diverse reactions, it is not surprising that the greatest structural similarities involve residues that participate in PLP binding rather than residues involved in substrate binding. The BCATs are widely distributed in the bacterial kingdom, where they are involved in the synthesis/degradation of the BCAAs. Bacteria contain a single BCAT. In eukaryotes there are two isozymes, one is mitochondrial (BCATm) and the other is cytosolic (BCATc). In mammals, BCATm is in most tissues, and BCATm is thought to be important in body nitrogen metabolism. BCATc is largely restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, BCATc has been recognized as a target of the neuroactive drug gabapentin. BCATc is involved in excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate synthesis in the CNS. Ongoing structural studies of the BCATs may facilitate the design of therapeutic compounds to treat neurodegenerative disorders involving disturbances of the glutamatergic system.
Student Comprehension of Classification Applications in a Science Education Digital Library

Piaget's theory of cognitive development serves as a basis for a comparative analysis of middle school students' understanding of classification in the physical and digital library. Attention is also given to student comprehension of scientific classification. Results of this pilot study show that although participants had good comprehension of classification principles in the physical environment, with which they are more familiar, their understanding diminishes in the digital environment and when addressing scientific classification. Results are compared to an earlier study and implications for the design of educational science digital libraries are discussed.
Software tools to support an objects-first curriculum

The purpose of this tutorial is to investigate free software tools that have proven to be effective in teaching object-oriented concepts and maintaining the interest of novice programmers. Whether objects are covered early, late, or not at all, the instructor must recognize that today's students have grown up with video games, graphical user interfaces, and multimedia content. How can we hold their interest, give them assignments that they feel are relevant, and still teach such abstract concepts as objects, methods, control structures, and events? There is no magic bullet, but there are pedagogical tools that have proven to be effective in holding the students' interest as they work to master the fundamentals of object-oriented programming.
A fresh look at consumers' discounting of discounts in online and bricks-and-mortar shopping contexts

Abstract This research replicates Gupta and Cooper's (1992) study on consumers' discounting of discounts for different brand reputations in a bricks-and-mortar shopping channel and extends the investigation to an online environment. We determine that although discounting of discounts is on average stronger online, it has remained remarkably stable over time and across retail channels. Promotion thresholds are zero regardless of retail channel and brand reputation. Further, consumers perceive a discount to exist even without advertised promotions.
Serum carotenoid concentrations and their reproducibility in children in Belize

Suggestions that carotenoid-containing foods are beneficial in maintaining health have led to several studies of circulating carotenoid concentrations of adults. Because few data are available for children, we report serum carotenoid concentrations of 493 children in Belize. Carotenoid concentrations were determined as part of a survey of vitamin A status of children, most between 65 and 89 mo of age. Reproducibility was tested by collecting a second blood sample 2 wk after the first collection from a subset of children (n = 23) who consumed their habitual diet with no treatment during the interim. Predominant serum carotenoids were lutein/zeaxanthin and beta-carotene, which accounted for 26% and 24% of median total carotenoids, respectively. The three provitamin A carotenoids, alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, constituted 51% of median total carotenoid concentrations. Partial correlations of each carotenoid with fasting retinol concentration indicated that beta-carotene had the highest correlation. Concordance correlation coefficients (rc) for fasting carotenoid concentrations determined 2 wk apart were > or = 0.89 for lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and alpha- and beta-carotene. The rc for lutein/zeaxanthin and total carotenoids was lower, 0.59 and 0.68, respectively, because of higher lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations at the second sampling than at the first. The reproducibility of the concentrations suggests both that individuals have characteristic profiles and that serum carotenoid concentrations can be measured randomly over > or = 2 wk without significant bias.
Adaptation and quality of life among long-term cervical cancer survivors in the military health care system.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assessed quality of life in long-term cervical cancer survivors eligible for health care in the military health system. Methods: TRICARE beneficiaries who were diagnosed as having cervical cancer in 1980 to 2000 completed self-administered questionnaires including standardized measures of quality of life, distress, and sexuality. Results: Forty-one women (72% of those who received questionnaire packets) provided questionnaire data. More than 2,500 questionnaires were undeliverable, with no forwarding address. Data indicated that quality of life, cervical cancer-related stress, and intimacy concerns were comparable to population normative values. Survivors received more cancer screenings than the general population. Nearly one-half of respondents reported no effect of cancer on their sexual relationships, whereas approximately one-half said that cancer had a negative impact. Conclusions: Although cervical cancer survivors overall reported a high quality of life, many experien...
The properties of adaptive algorithms with time varying weights

Most adaptive array processing schemes assume that the interference is 'wide sense stationary'. However, in practice this assumption is often violated. For example there may be motion of either the array and/or the interference during the processing interval. The asymptotic performance of two adaptive beamforming algorithms which compensate for this type of changing interference scenario are analyzed in this paper.
T-cell lineage determination

T cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow but complete their development in the thymus. HSCs give rise to a variety of non-renewing hematopoietic progenitors, among which a rare subset migrates to the thymus via the bloodstream. The earliest T-cell progenitors identified in the thymus are not T-lineage restricted but possess the ability to give rise to cells of many different lineages. Alternative lineage potentials are gradually lost as progenitors progress toward later developmental stages. Here, we review the early developmental events that might be involved in T-cell lineage fate determination, including the properties of possible thymus-settling progenitors, their homing into the thymus, and their T-cell lineage specification and commitment.