cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POLICING ACADEMIA IN ILLINOIS: THE EVOLUTION OF AN AMERICAN POLICING MODEL

ABSTRACT As a conceptually distinctive model of policing, the modern campus police department is developed against its historical backdrop, as a unique policing modality separate from the hegemonic, law-enforcement oriented, big-city police department, its progenitor. Much like sheriff's agencies and the military police, campus police suffer a reduced status within the American policing paradigm, largely because of their numerous responsibilities perceived as only peripheral to the dominant law enforcement function of the metropolitan police. Nonetheless, campus police have become important members of the growing number of police organizational models within the mosaic of policing agencies in the United States; they are also important stakeholders in the community-oriented policing movement as a result of the socially complex nature of the modern collegiate campus community.
Prediction of response to psychological treatment among motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD

We sought to predict posttreatment PTSD symptom scores (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores) among motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors with PTSD who had received either cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT; n = 30) or supportive psychotherapy (SUPPORT; n = 27) using pretreatment variables. We could account for 43% (CBT) to 70% (SUPPORT) of variance in the measure of PTSD symptoms. The most consistent predictors were pretreatment PTSD symptom scores. Comorbid conditions, especially depression, and degree of initial impairment were also significant predictors.
Reaction of 2-chlorobenzoxazole with anthranilic acids and 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid.

The preparation of 1-carboxy-12-benzo(d)qiunazo(2,3-b)oxazole-12-one and 2-chloro-12-benzo(d)quinazo(2,3-b)oxazole-12-one are reported. The reaction of 2-chlorobenzoxazole with 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid gave 2-(2-naphthylamino)benzoxazole. Preliminary pharmacological screening indicates mild sedative properties for the described compounds.
Mechanical Consequences of Molecular Composition on Failure in Polyolefin Composites Containing Glassy, Elastomeric, and Semicrystalline Components

In order to gain insights into the mechanisms of deformation and ultimate failure in a homologous series of lamellae-forming polyolefin block copolymers comprised of glassy poly(cyclohexylethylene)...
Roles of atmospheric and land surface data in dynamic regional downscaling

[1] In studies dealing with the impact of land use changes on atmospheric processes, a key methodological step is the validation of simulated current conditions. However, regions lacking detailed atmospheric and land use data provide limited information with which to accurately generate control simulations. In this situation, the difference between baseline control simulations and different land use change simulations can be quite different owing to the quality of the atmospheric and land use data sets. Using multiple simulations at the Monteverde cloud forest region of Costa Rica as an example, we show that when a regional climate model is used to study the effect of land use change, it can produce distinctly different results at regional scales, depending on the amount of data available to run the climate simulations. We show that for the specific case of land use change impact studies, the simulation results are very sensitive to the prescribed atmospheric information (e.g., lateral boundary conditions) compared to the land use (surface boundary) information.
A single chip 1 MHz 500 V full/half bridge driver and primary side power supply controller HVIC capable of multiple modes of operation

A high-voltage IC (HVIC) capable of controlling and driving power FETs in both full- and half-bridge power circuits employing either pulse width modulation (PWM) or resonant circuit topologies is discussed. The IC also includes a voltage-controlled oscillator capable of varying pulse width and/or frequency, thus providing a means of resonant converter control. High-voltage isolation (500 V) and level shifting for upper-side FETs is achieved on-chip, and 1 MHz operation driving four NMOS with 1000 pF gates has been demonstrated. Several power supply control and housekeeping functions are included on the chip. A window comparator which detects and reconstructs isolated pulses from a secondary side control is also included on-chip, thus providing a means of communication between the primary and secondary sides of the power supply. The combination of 15 V control logic with both high-voltage and low-voltage drivers enables this HVIC to be a single-chip primary-side controller for a variety of power circuit topologies. >
Multiple vulnerabilities in SNMP

For more than a decade, many network administrators have relied on SNMP, the Simple Network Management Protocol, to monitor and manage network devices. Now in its third release, SNMP has become the de facto standard for network management since its development in 1987. However, a recent report from the computer security watchdog CERT Coordination Center indicates that vulnerabilities in many SNMP implementations have left the products of more 100 vendors vulnerable to attack. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could lead to unauthorized privileged access, denial of service attacks, or other undesirable behaviors.
Spatial analysis in a Markov random field framework: The case of burning oil wells in Kuwait

This paper discusses a modeling approach for spatial-temporal prediction of environmental phenomena using classified satellite images. This research was prompted by the analysis of change and landscape redistribution of petroleum residues formed from the residue of the burning oil wells in Kuwait (1991). These surface residues have been termed “tarcrete” (El-Baz et al. 1994). The tarcrete forms a thick layer over sand and desert pavement covering a significant portion of south-central Kuwait. The purpose of this study is to develop a method that utilizes satellite images from different time steps to examine the rate-of-change of the oil residue deposits and determine where redistribution is are likely to occur. This problem exhibits general characteristics of environmental diffusion and dispersion phenomena so a theoretical framework for a general solution is sought. The use of a lagged-clique, Markov random field framework and entropy measures is deduced to be an effective solution to satisfy the criteria of determination of time-rate-of-change of the surface deposits and to forecast likely locations of redistribution of dispersed, aggraded residues. The method minimally requires image classification, the determination of time stationarity of classes and the measurement of the level of organization of the state-space information derived from the images. Analysis occurs at levels of both the individual pixels and the system to determine specific states and suites of states in space and time. Convergence of the observed landscape disorder with respect to an analytical maximum provide information on the total dispersion of the residual system.
Production and clearance of cyclobutane dipyrimidine dimers in UV-irradiated skin pretreated with 1% pimecrolimus or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide creams in normal and atopic patients.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV)-induced pyrimidine dimers are an early step in skin carcinogenesis, which is accelerated in the setting of long-term immunosuppression with systemic calcineurin inhibitors. It is not known whether topical application of calcineurin inhibitors exposes to a similar risk. Objective: To assess the formation and clearance of UV-induced dipyrimidine dimers in human epidermis treated with topical pimecrolimus as compared to topical steroid, vehicle and untreated control. Methods: Pretreated buttock skin of 20 human volunteers with (10) or without (10) atopic dermatitis was exposed to two minimal erythema doses (MED) of simulated solar radiation. DNA was extracted from epidermis 1 and 24 h postirradiation. Pyrimidine dimers were visualized by immuno slot blots and quantified by chemoluminescence image analysis. Results: One-hour postirradiation, pimecrolimus-treated epidermis contains less DNA damage as compared to untreated control, but there were no statistically significant differences between pimecrolimus, triamcinolone acetonide and vehicle. Dimer levels at 24 h postirradiation showed no significant differences between different treatments. Conclusion: Treatment with pimecrolimus cream, triamcinolone acetonide cream and vehicle is not associated with increased epidermal DNA damage at 1 and 24 h post-UV exposure.
Preferential Selection of the 5′-Terminal Start Codon on Leaderless mRNAs by Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosomes

Mammalian mitochondrial mRNAs are basically leaderless, having few or no untranslated nucleotides prior to the 5′-start codon. We demonstrate here that mammalian mitochondrial 55 S ribosomes preferentially form initiation complexes at a 5′-terminal AUG codon over an internal AUG. The preferential use of the 5′-start codon is also seen on mitochondrial 28 S small subunits, which suggests that mitochondrial translation initiation on leaderless mRNAs does not require the large ribosomal subunit. The selection of the 5′-AUG is dependent on the presence of fMet-tRNA and is enhanced by the presence of the mitochondrial initiation factor IF2mt. In prokaryotes, IF3 is believed to antagonize initiation on leaderless mRNAs. However, IF3mt stimulates initiation complex formation on leaderless mRNAs when tested with 55 S ribosomes. The addition of even a few nucleotides 5′ to the AUG codon significantly reduces the efficiency of initiation, highlighting the importance of the leaderless or nearly leaderless nature of mitochondrial mRNAs. In addition, very few initiation complexes could form on a hybrid mRNA construct consisting of tRNAMet attached at the 5′-end of a mitochondrial protein-coding sequence. This observation demonstrates that post-transcriptional processing must occur prior to translation in mammalian mitochondria.
The incidence of altered sensation of the mental nerve after mandibular implant placement

case had been planned with the aid of a CT scan. Her postoperative panoramic radiograph did not indicate violation of the inferior alveolar canal. One month after implant placement, this patient reported no improvement in her nerve dysfunction. A postoperative CT scan was obtained that showed that there was no violation of the inferior alveolar canal by the implants, nor did there appear to have been any violation of the canal during implant preparation. the mandible, the anterior loop of the mental nerve must be taken into consideration in determining the placement of the most posterior implant. In the atrophic mandible, the mental nerve can exit from the superior surface of the mandible and can inadvertently be injured during surgical exposure of the mandibular symphysis.
Products of the Gas-Phase Reaction of OH Radicals with Cyclohexane: Reactions of the Cyclohexoxy Radical

Products of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with cyclohexane and cyclohexane-d12 in the presence of NO have been investigated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, combin...
Factorization Properties of the Dual Resonance Model: A General Treatment of Linear Dependences

In the dual resonance model, introducing a generalized gauge-transformation operator which leaves the vertex functions invariant, we present a general treatment of linear dependences among the vertex functions. We also prove that the two propagators recently discussed in connection with the twisting operator are equal up to our gauge transformation.
Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces

The purpose of this paper* is to develop an overview of the techniques that are currently available for the characterization of surfaces and interfaces. The approach is to concentrate upon external agents (for example, electrons) that may be brought to bear upon a given specimen and to indicate the kinds of observables that are available for measurement. The specific probes considered here are: (1) electrons, (2) ions, (3) photons, and (4) electric fields. Of the observables, three are chosen as externally observable. These are: (1) electrons, (2) ions/atoms, and (3) photons. Also included among the observables is material response, that is, changes in the specimen brought about by exposure to the probing agent. For the incident and observed electrons, ions and photons, energy ranges have been established which are characteristic of either fundamental phenomena or commercially available instrument development.
Excitatory and inhibitory effects of serotonin on spinal axons

We studied the effects of serotonin on compound action potentials in dorsal columns isolated from young (nine to 13 days old) rats. Conducting action potentials were activated by submaximal (50%) and supramaximal constant current electrical stimuli and recorded with glass micropipettes. At 10 microM and 100 microM concentrations, serotonin significantly increased mean action potential amplitudes by 9.6 +/- 6.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05) and 16.6 +/- 12.2% (+/- S.D., P < 0.005), respectively. Likewise, 10 microM and 100 microM of quipazine (a serotonin2A agonist) increased the amplitudes by 9.6 +/- 2.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005) and 37.7 +/- 8.7% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005), respectively. In contrast, 10 microM and 100 microM concentrations of 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin-hydrobromide (a serotonin 1A agonist) reduced axonal excitability by -9.4 +/- 5.5% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05) and -32.9 +/- 10.6% (+/- S.D., P < 0.0005), respectively. At 50 microM concentration, mianserin (a serotonin2A and serotonin2C antagonist) eliminated the excitatory effects of 100 microM quipazine dimaleate. The combination of 50 microM mianserin and 100 microM serotonin reduced action potential amplitudes by -5.6 +/- 4.9% (+/- S.D., P < 0.05). These results suggest that serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptor subtypes are present on spinal dorsal column axons. These two receptor subtypes have opposing effects on axonal excitability. The ratios and sensitivities of these two axonal receptor subtypes may modulate axonal excitability in rat dorsal column axons and have important implications for both development and injury of axons.
Three new complementation groups of temperature-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the endocytic pathway.

We describe here the results of complementation studies with six mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing temperature-sensitive lesions affecting the endocytic pathway. The mutants were crossed with representatives of the End1 and End2 complementation groups identified previously by Robbins et al. (J. Cell Biol. 99:1296–1308, 1984). Two mutants, G.8.1 and 31.1, were members of the End1 complementation group. One mutant, 25.2, was a member of the End2 complementation group. The other three mutants each defined new complementation groups, which we have designated End3 (mutant G.7.1), End4 (mutant V.24.1), and End5 (mutant 42.2). Previous work on mutants of the Endl, End2, and End3 classes had shown that these mutants were defective in endosomal acidification. We prepared postnuclear supernatants from mutants harvested at the nonpermissive temperature and compared their acidification activities, assessed by ATP-stimulated quenching of acridine orange. Members of the End1, End2, and End2 groups had reduced acidification activity, correlating with the acidification defects known to be expressed by these mutants. Strain V.24.1 (End4) also expressed a 40% reduction in acidification activity, while strain 42.2 (End5) had no reduction of acidification activity.
Boundary singularities in the Laplace equation by enriched finite elements

Abstract An enriched finite element model is presented for the solution of the two-dimensional Laplace equation with boundary singularities. The polynomial approximations for a conventional element are supplemented with the analytic expression for the field near the point of singularity. This approach results in the direct calculation of the coefficient of the dominant singular term. The method is demonstrated using a simple numerical example and the results are compared with those of other methods.
Experimental Studies on Screw Characteristics in Closely Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin Screw Extruder

Abstract Experimental studies were carried out to characterize the screw pumping behavior of various screw elements for a closely intermeshing counter-rotating twin screw extruder. The pumping capacity of the screw elements was compared to earlier flow simulations by some the authors of this type of twin screw extruder.
Effects of Rapid Heating on Solutionizing Characteristics of Al-Si-Mg Alloys Using a Fluidized Bed

Effects of rapid heat transfer using a fluidized bed on the heat-treating response of Al-Si-Mg alloys (both unmodified and Sr modified) were investigated. The heating rate in the fluidized bed is greater than in conventional air convective furnaces. Particle size analyses of eutectic Si showed that the high heating rate during fluidized bed solution heat treatment causes faster fragmentation and spherodization of Si particles compared to conventional air convective furnaces. The mechanism of Si fragmentation through fluidized bed processing is through both brittle fracture and neck formation and its propagation. In contrast to this, the mechanism of Si fragmentation using a conventional air convective furnace is through neck formation and propagation. The Sr-modified D357 alloy showed a faster spherodizing rate than the unmodified alloy. Thermal analyses showed an exothermic reaction during solution heat treatment using a fluidized bed due to recrystallization, and coarsening of eutectic Al grains. Whereas the alloy solutionized using a conventional air convective furnace showed two exothermic reactions, one due to annihilation of point defects and the other due to recrystallization, and coarsening of the eutectic grains in the aluminum matrix. The recrystallization temperature of the alloy solutionized in the fluidized bed is lower than those in the conventional air convective furnace. Both tensile strength and elongation of fluidized bed solutionized alloys are greater than those solutionized using the air convective furnace. The optimum heat-treatment time for T4 temper using a fluidized bed for unmodified and Sr-modified alloy was reduced to 60 and 30 minutes, respectively.
Sodium D-glucose cotransport in the gill of marine mussels: studies with intact tissue and brush-border membrane vesicles.

Glucose transport was studied in marine mussels of the genusMytilus. Initial observations, with intact animals and isolated gills, indicated that net uptake of glucose occurred in mussels by a carrier-mediated, Na+-sensitive process. Subsequent studies included use of brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in order to characterize this transport in greater detail. The highest activity of Na+-dependent glucose transport was found in the brush-border membrane fractions used in this study, while basal-lateral membrane fractions contained the highest specific binding of ouabain. Glucose uptake into BBMV showed specificity for Na+, and concentrative glucose transport was observed in the presence of an inwardly directed Na+ gradient. There was a single saturable pathway for glucose uptake, with an apparentKt of 3 μm in BBMV and 9 μm in intact gills. The kinetics of Na+ activation of glucose uptake were sigmoidal, with apparent Hill coefficients of 1.5 in BBMV and 1.2 in isolated gills, indicating that more than one Na+ may be involved in the transport of each glucose. Harmaline inhibited glucose transport in mussel BBMV with aKi of 44 μm. The uptake of glucose was electrogenic and stimulated by an inside-negative membrane potential. The substrate specificity in intact gills and BBMV resembled that of Na+-glucose cotransporters in other systems;d-glucose and α-methyl glucopyranoside were the most effective inhibitors of Na+-glucose transport,d-galactose was intermediate in its inhibition, and there was little or no effect ofl-glucose,d-fructose, 2-deoxy-glucose, or 3-O-methyl glucose. Phlorizin was an effective inhibitor of Na+-glucose uptake, with an apparentKi of 154nm in BBMV and 21nm in intact gills. While the qualitative characteristics of glucose transport in the mussel gill were similar to those in other epithelia, the quantitative characteristics of this process reflect adaptation to the seawater environment of this animal.
Colonoscopic splenic injuries: incidence and management.

Splenic injuries that occur during colonoscopies are rare. There is no available incidence of this serious complication, and the literature is limited to case reports. Our study looks at single institution experience of splenic injuries during colonoscopy to define the incidence and management of this serious complication. All patients from 1980 through June 2008 sustaining a splenic injury during colonoscopy were reviewed. Four patients (of 296,248 colonoscopies) sustained a splenic injury directly from colonoscopy performed at our institution (incidence 0.001%). Three additional patients were treated at our tertiary referral center after splenic injury from colonoscopy performed elsewhere. The mean age at the time of colonoscopy was 54 years (range 40–70 years). The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (n = 4) with a mean decrease in hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dl (range 4.5–8.5 g/dl). Splenic injury was diagnosed by computed tomography in five patients. Six patients received a mean of 5.5 U of packed red blood cells (range 2–14 U). All patients were managed with splenectomy, six patients within 24 h of the index colonoscopy, and one patient presented more than 24 h after initial colonoscopy. There was no evidence of preexisting splenic disease in any of the patients by surgical pathology, and there were no postoperative complications or deaths. The mean duration of stay was 10 days (range 7–15 days). All patients are alive at a median follow up of 22 months (range 1–164 months). Splenic injury occurring during colonoscopy is a rare but serious complication. Patients presented with abdominal pain and a precipitous decrease in hemoglobin and have all required emergent splenectomy.
Purification and characterization of an esterase isozyme from insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of german cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)

The most active forms of esterases (E5, E6 and E7) from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) were purified from resistant and susceptible strains. About 45-155 fold purification with a 11-16% of total esterase recovery was achieved after different column chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. Elution profiles of resistant and susceptible strains were similar, but esterase E6 activity was higher in the resistant strains. Kinetic analyses indicate no differences in Km values between the resistant and susceptible strains. However Vmax was significantly higher in resistant strains. Inhibition of esterase activity by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos and propoxur did not suggest any structural differences in esterase E6 between strains. From these results we suggest that insecticide resistance in German cockroach is due to the increased production of E6 esterase. The role of E6 may be sequestration of toxic molecules rather than hydrolysis.
Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 Stimulates Secretin Release from Secretin-producing Cells

We have isolated, from canine pancreatic juice, two 14-kDa proteins with secretin-releasing activity that had N-terminal sequence homology with canine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In this study we have obtained evidence that secretin-releasing activity is an intrinsic property of pancreatic PLA2. Porcine pancreatic PLA2 from Sigma or Boehringer Mannheim was fractionated into several peaks by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. They were tested for stimulation of secretin release from murine neuroendocrine intestinal tumor cell line STC-1 and secretin cells enriched mucosal cell preparations isolated from rat upper small intestine. Each enzyme preparation was found to contain several components of secretin-releasing activity. Each bioactive fraction was purified to homogeneity by rechromatography and then subjected to mass spectral analysis and assays of PLA2 and secretin-releasing activities. It was found that the fraction with highest enzymatic activity also had the highest secretin-releasing activity and the same Mr as porcine pancreatic PLA2. Moreover, it also had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence (up to 30 residues determined) as that of porcine pancreatic PLA2, suggesting that it was identical to the enzyme. Purified porcine pancreatic PLA2 also stimulated secretin release concentration-dependently from both STC-1 cells and a mucosal cell preparation enriched in secretin-containing endocrine cells isolated from rat duodenum. Abolishment of the enzymatic activity by pretreatment with bromophenacyl bromide did not affect its secretin-releasing activity. The stimulatory effect of purified pancreatic PLA2 on secretin secretion from STC-1 cells was inhibited by an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, by down-regulation of protein kinase C or by pretreatment of the cell with pertussis toxin. It is concluded that porcine pancreatic PLA2 possesses an intrinsic secretin-releasing activity that was independent of its enzymatic activity. This action is pertussis toxin-sensitive and is in part dependent on Ca2+ influx through the L-type channel and activation of protein kinase C.
Addressing the Needs of Students with Autism and Other Disabilities in China: Perspectives from the Field

Autism is a developmental disability that has gained increasing attention during the past several decades in China. The two case studies presented in this article examined the perspectives of two school leaders on educating students with autism in China. Two school principals, one from a public school and one from a private school, were interviewed during this study using 10 open-ended questions. Responses generated the following areas of discussion: teacher recruitment and training, curriculum and teaching methodology, parental involvement, and factors that contribute to success and present challenges. This study provides the readers with an update from the perspectives of two school leaders on the school system in China for children with disabilities, particularly for students with autism. Implications of the study and further suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Cyclic-AMP binding sites on the cell surface of thymic lymphocytes.

Exogenous cyclic-AMP binds to intact thymic lymphocytes in a linear manner over the mitogenic concentration range 2.5 × 10−8 M to 2.5 × 10−7 M, giving an apparent binding constant of 5 × 10−8 M. The same concentrations of cyclic-GMP and 5'-AMP are non-mitogenic and do not bind appreciably. The cyclic-AMP once bound cannot be displaced by addition of excess cyclic-AMP, cyclic-GMP or 5'-AMP. The bound cyclic-AMP may be released at 37°C and recovered quantitatively as cycliv-AMP in the incubation medium. These observations are consistent with the possibility that thymic lymphocytes have cyclic-AMP binding sites on their surface.
‘I Will Rebuild You, Oh My Homeland’: Simin Behbahani's Work and Sociopolitical Discourse

This article analyzes Behbahani's narrative and poetic works as they reflect different sociopolitical discourses over decades and discusses her contribution to the rise of new literary discourses in different periods. These discourses reflect the pre-Revolutionary committed and post-Revolutionary feminist literary movements and, in recent years, an emerging trend toward expression of the cultural exigencies of modernity. This new development results from efforts for renewed literary modernity, in which feminist, reformist, and civil society movements find common ground for concern. Behbahani's poem, “I Will Rebuild You, Oh My Homeland,” is analyzed to show that recent re-readings and public performances of this older piece may signify a literary shift regarding issues of modernity.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport) in the Treatment of Forehead, Glabellar, and Periorbital Wrinkles

Background: There are several commercially available neurotoxins to improve facial aesthetics, but few prospective, randomized trials have been conducted without commercial support to compare these agents. Objectives: The authors present the results of a study examining and comparing the effects of onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-ONA; Botox, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California) and abobotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-ABO; Dysport, Ipsen Ltd, Slough, UK). Methods: The authors enrolled 53 patients in a prospective, randomized trial in which each patient received a dose of BoNT-ONA on one side of the upper face and BoNT-ABO on the other. The effects of each agent were monitored and recorded over 150 days according to each patient’s ability to elevate the brow, wrinkle count (as measured by the Visia system; Canfield Imaging Systems, Fairfield, New Jersey), and assessment of Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale rankings by blinded graders. Results: Results showed no statistically significant differences between the two agents. Both agents yielded measurable improvements on wrinkles of the upper face at 150 days. Conclusions: At the current pricing of the agents, BoNT-ABO offers a significant cost savings over BoNT-ONA, with a comparable efficacy. The effect of both drugs appears to be more prolonged than indicated in the current manufacturer guidelines. Level of Evidence: 2 ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Introduction: The Wide Reach of Business Ethics

Niagara Falls, New York was home to the 13th Annual Vincentian International Conference Promoting Business Ethics sponsored by DePaul University (Chicago, IL), Niagara University (Niagara, NY), and St. John’s University (New York, NY), the three American universities sponsored by the Congregation of the Mission (the Vincentians). These three universities take their missionary cue from Vincent DePaul, a seventeenth century saint of the Roman Catholic Church who worked tirelessly to alleviate the depressed conditions of the more abandoned poor and form an ecclesial leadership that would work for a more just economic system. Vincent DePaul is hailed as the Roman Catholic Church’s ‘‘patron saint of charity,’’ but what he did was more than mobilize charity; he matched it with justice. He sought not to do merely patchwork, but offered some long-term viable solutions. This conference represents the legacy of his work and the above-mentioned educational institutions’ commitment to helping realize his efforts to generate more ethical conditions, especially for the marginalized, in
Reassessing the Organization of the UL42–UL43 Region of the Human Cytomegalovirus Strain AD169 Genome

A polymorphism in the UL42-UL43 region of the human cytomegalovirus genome has been characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis, revealing a 929-bp insertion following nt 54,612 relative to the published strain AD169-UK genome sequence (M.S. Chee et al., 1990, Curr. Top. Microbiol Immunol. 154, 125-170). Although AD169-UK exhibited polymorphism in this genomic region, other CMV strains (Towne, Toledo, and AD169-ATCC) carried only the newly characterized longer form. The additional sequence altered the assignment of UL42 and UL43 open reading frames. UL42 decreased in size from 157 to 125 codons, retaining 76 of the previously reported carboxyl terminal codons, and UL43 increased in size from 187 to 423 codons, retaining 185 of the previously reported amino terminal codons. This additional sequence makes UL43 a more conserved betaherpesvirus US22 family member. Only AD169-UK exhibited restriction fragment length polymorphism in this region, suggesting that a deletion occurred during the propagation of this strain in cell culture. The additional sequence should be considered a bona fide part of the cytomegalovirus genome and the AD169 genome size should be corrected to 230,283 bp.
Absorption, deposition and excretion of Sr89 by the chick in relation to route of administration.

SummaryThe maximum concentration of Sr89 observed in the blood following an oral dose was observed to occur in about 2 hours and decreased to a negligible quantity in 24 hours. The rate of uptake of Sr89 by the bone was found to parallel the rate of increase in activity of the blood, but the former continued to increase to 14 hours post-injection time. The eyes took up radiostrontium in a similar way, but in much lower concentrations.It was observed that the most efficient excretion was accomplished when the isotope was ingested orally, and the lest efficient elimination was observed when the isotope was administered by intraperitoneal injection. All routes of administration, except the oral route, resulted in higher activity in the urine than in the feces with the highest urinary excretion occurring as a result of intramuscular injection.
Chebyshev tau-QZ algorithm methods for calculating spectra of hydrodynamic stability problems

The Chebyshev tau method is examined in detail for a variety of eigenvalue problems arising in hydrodynamic stability studies, particularly those of Orr-Sommerfeld type. We concentrate on determining the whole of the top end of the spectrum in parameter ranges beyond those often explored. The method employing a Chebyshev representation of the fourth derivative operator, D^4, is compared with those involving the second and first derivative operators, D^2, D, respectively; the latter two representations require use of the QZ algorithm in the resolution of the singular generalised matrix eigenvalue problem which arises. The D^2 method is shown to be different from the stream function - vorticity scheme in certain (important and practical) cases. Physical problems explored are those of Posieuille, Couette, and pressure gradient driven circular pipe flow. Also investigated are the three-dimensional problem of Posieuille flow arising from a normal velocity - normal vorticity interaction, and finally Couette and Posieuille problems for two viscous, immiscible fluids, one overlying the other are studied.
Lipschitz conditions, strong uniqueness, and almost Chebyshev subspaces of C(X)

Abstract For a finite dimensional subspace M of C ( X ), X a compact metric space, it is well known that the (set valued) metric projection P M is (Hausdorff) continuous at any f ϵ C ( X ) having a unique best approximation from M and is point Lipschitz continuous at any f ϵ C ( X ) having a strongly unique best approximation from M . The converses of these classical results are studied. It is shown that if f has a unique best approximation and P M is point Lipschitzian at f , then f has a strongly unique best approximation. If M is an almost Chebyshev subspace of C ( X ), then the converses of both statements above are shown to hold. Using a theorem of Garkavi, the validity of these converses actually characterizes the almost Chebyshev subspaces of C(X) .
Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclizations, Couplings, and Cycloadditions Involving Three Reactive Components

Transition-metal-catalyzed processes that allow the efficient coupling of three reactive components in a chemoselective and stereoselective fashion are particularly useful in the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple, readily available substrates. This account outlines work primarily from the author's laboratory on the development of nickel-catalyzed multicomponent coupling processes. An overview of new synthetic methods, a discussion of potential mechanisms, and a description of applications in complex-molecule synthesis are provided.
In vitro regeneration of adenine nucleotide by ischemically injured kidney

Degradation of adenine nucleotide is a prominent feature of renal ischemic injury, the significance of which is still uncertain. In the present study, the conditions required for regeneration of adenine nucleotide by ischemically injured rabbit and dog kidneys were investigated using a slice incubation and isolated organ perfusion model. Regeneration in the whole organ was dependent on species, temperature, colloid concentration, and the presence of nucleoside as substrate. Under optimal conditions, slice incubation and perfusion yielded comparable results, and regeneration by ischemic tissue was equivalent to that of fresh tissue. These data suggest that the low adenine nucleotide levels after ischemic injury do not result from metabolic failure so much as from a local unavailability of substrate.
Distributions of lrt associated with two-parameter exponential distributions

In this paper, an exact distribution of the likelihood ratio criterion for testing the equality of p two-parameter exponential distributions is obtained for unequal sample sizes in a computational form. A useful asymptotic expansion of the distribution is also obtained up to the order of n-4 with the second term of the order of n-3 and so can be used to obtain accurate approximations to the critical values of the test statistic even for comparatively small values of n where n is the combined sample size. In fact the first term alone which is a single beta distribution provides a powerful approximation for moderately large values of n.
Evidence for linkage between the loci for transferrin and ceruloplasmin in man.

Summary Lod score analysis indicates probable linkage between the loci for transferrin and ceruloplasmin at a recombination frequency of approximately 10–15%. This human linkage relationship is homologous to one previously reported for cattle.
Preference for Modes of Dispute Resolution as a Function of Process and Decision Control.

Abstract Research on procedural justice has suggested that the distribution of control among participants can be used to classify dispute-resolution procedures and may be an important determinant of preference for such procedures. This experiment demonstrates that control can be meaningfully divided into two components: control over the presentation of evidence and control over the final decision. The experiment placed subjects (law students and undergraduates) in a situation of conflict and varied two between-subjects factors: (1) Role, whether subjects expected to role-play third parties (law students) or litigants (undergraduates), and (2) Orientation, whether individuals focused on equity claims (appeals to a norm of fairness) or legal claims (appeals to a strict, legal interpretation of events). As a control, a third-party neutral-orientation condition was included. In addition, subjects were presented with four dispute-resolution procedures which varied in third-party control over the presentation of evidence (Process Control) and third-party control over the final decision (Decision Control) as within-subjects factors. Results revealed that both litigants and third parties preferred high rather than low third-party decision control. Litigants with an equity orientation preferred low third-party control over the presentation of evidence, particularly when third parties had high rather than low decision control. Third parties and litigants with a legal orientation preferred low rather than high third-party process control only when there was high third-party decision control. Litigant preferences were more affected by variation in process control than variation in decision control while third-party preferences were more affected by variation in decision control than in process control. As a check on external validity, military judges given a neutral orientation were asked to evaluate and express preferences for the four dispute-resolution procedures. Their results were not detectably different from those of the law students who role-played third parties in the main portion of the study.
Involvement of natural killer T cells in halothane-induced liver injury in mice

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) causes significant patient morbidity and mortality, and is the most common reason for drug withdrawals. It is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DILI to effectively predict and prevent these reactions. We have recently developed a murine model of halothane-induced liver injury (HILI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of hepatic natural killer T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of HILI. The degrees of HILI were compared between WT and CD1d(-/-) mice, which are deficient in NKT cells. The data revealed that CD1d(-/-) mice were resistant in developing HILI. This resistance appeared to be a direct result of NKT cell depletion rather than an indirect one due to the absence of cross-talk between NKT cells and other hepatic innate immune cells. Compared with WT mice, CD1d(-/-) mice exhibited a significantly lower number of hepatic infiltrating neutrophils upon halothane challenge (470,000+/-100,000/liver in WT vs. 120,000+/-31,500/liver in CD1d(-/-) mice). This result in conjunction with our previous finding of an indispensable role of neutrophils in HILI strongly suggests that NKT cells play a critical role in regulating neutrophil recruitment, thereby contributing to the development of HILI. Collectively, the current study and published reports indicate that this murine model of HILI provides an experimental system for the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of DILI. In addition, this model may yield the discovery of susceptibility factors that may control the development of liver injury in patients treated with halothane and potentially other drugs.
The Affective Regulation of Cognitive Priming

Semantic and affective priming are classic effects observed in cognitive and social psychology, respectively. The authors discovered that affect regulates such priming effects. In Experiment 1, positive and negative moods were induced before one of three priming tasks; evaluation, categorization, or lexical decision. As predicted, positive affect led to both affective priming (evaluation task) and semantic priming (category and lexical decision tasks). However, negative affect inhibited such effects. In Experiment 2, participants in their natural affective state completed the same priming tasks as in Experiment 1. As expected, affective priming (evaluation task) and category priming (categorization and lexical decision tasks) were observed in such resting affective states. Hence, the authors conclude that negative affect inhibits semantic and affective priming. These results support recent theoretical models, which suggest that positive affect promotes associations among strong and weak concepts, and that negative affect impairs such associations (Clore & Storbeck, 2006; Kuhl, 2000).
To be or not to be : The holocaust and Jewish identity in the postwar era

In this essay I recount my engagement with my father's experience of the Holocaust and its impact on my professional career and way of thinking about the world. The voices of survivors like my father are no longer silenced and marginalized as they once were, but the legacy of the trauma they endured remains in dispute. As such, I consider questions of Jewish identity and continuity in the postwar era as well as controversies about Israel's role in the Middle East, especially as the latter is a source of contention within the political left. I conclude with some observations about particularistic and universalistic identities that mark the path toward expanded human liberation.
Unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulations of turbine rotor-stator interaction

Fluid flows within turbomachinery tend to be extremely complex. Understanding such flows is crucial to efforts to improve current turbomachinery designs, and the computational approach can be used to great advantage in this regard. This study presents a finite-difference, unsteady, thin-layer Navier-Stokes approach to calculating the flow within an axial turbine stage. The relative motion between the stator and rotor airfoils is made possible with the use of patched grids that move relative to each other. The calculation includes end-wall and tip-leakage effects. Results in the form of time-averaged surface pressures, pressure amplitudes (corresponding to the pressure fluctuation in time), near-surface velocity vectors, and pressure contours in the passage areas are presented. The numerical results are compared with experimental data wherever possible, and the agreement between the two is found to be good.
Hierarchical Virtual Machine Consolidation in a Cloud Computing System

Improving the energy efficiency of cloud computing systems has become an important issue because the electric energy bill for 24/7 operation of these systems can be quite large. The focus of this paper is on the virtual machine (VM) consolidation in a cloud computing system as a way of lowering daily energy consumption of the system. In contrast to the existing works that assume resource demands of VMs are known and given as scalar variables, this paper treats these demands as random variables with known means and standard deviations. These random variables may be correlated with one another, and there are several kinds of resources which can be performance bottlenecks. Therefore, both the correlation and multiple resource type should be considered. The VM consolidation problem is then formulated as a multi-capacity stochastic bin packing problem. This problem is NP-hard, so we propose a heuristic method to solve the problem efficiently. The simulation results show that, in spite of its simplicity and scalability, the proposed method produces high quality solutions.
The Epistemological Foundation of Conceptions of Justice in Classical Kalām: A Study of ʿAbd al-Jabbār's al-Mughnī and Ibn al-Bāqillānī's al-Tamhīd

This article inquires into socio-historical implications of theological conceptions of justice in early Islam through an examination of ʿAbd al-Jabbār's al-Mughnī and Ibn al-Bāqillānī' s al-Tamhīd. It argues that differences in their conceptions of justice were founded on varying theories of knowledge, since they—and presumably their audience—assumed that the way in which one interprets one's intuitions and internal experiences is directly related to the way in which one understands one's relation to God and other humans. Consequently, by affecting the way in which individuals understood what knowledge is, these theologians sought to determine not only what is just but also who could act justly in society. Insofar as individuals disagreed about how knowledge is constituted, they could not trust one another to know how to act justly in society. The centrality of the individual as the locus of knowledge through which human beings was related to God, to one another, and to the world, in the works of these two influential theologians stands in contrast to the prevailing tendency in Islamic studies to read Muslim conceptions of justice in terms of theories of government and state politics. It may thus be worthwhile to keep the epistemological foundation of classical kalām theories of justice in mind when we engage in larger discussions of how justice has been conceived in Islamic history.
An Ets site in the whey acidic protein gene promoter mediates transcriptional activation in the mammary gland of pregnant mice but is dispensable during lactation.

The whey acidic protein (WAP) gene is specifically expressed in mammary tissue, and its transcription is induced several thousand-fold during pregnancy and remains high throughout lactation. A purine-rich sequence (PRS) located around -110 of the WAP gene promoter is conserved between mice, rats, and rabbits, suggesting that it features a regulatory element. This PRS contains an invariant GGAA/T core motif characteristic of the binding site for Ets transcription factors. Electromobility shift assays demonstrate that Ets1 binds specifically to the PRS. Experiments in transgenic mice further demonstrate that this PRS/Ets site plays a critical role in the activation of WAP transgenes during pregnancy, but that its presence is not required for high expression throughout lactation. Transgenes with an intact PRS/Ets site are expressed at high levels at day 13 of pregnancy, with little further increase during late pregnancy and lactation. In contrast, WAP transgenes with a mutation in the PRS/Ets site, which abr...